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Teacher: In this task, you are given inputs i,j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to return the sum of all the numerical elements in the list A between the positions i and j (including positions i and j). Return 0 if no numerical element is present in the list between the given ranges. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: 3, 7, ['A', '23', '7413', '6933', '3369', '807', 'M', '456'] Solution: 18522 Reason: Here, the numbers from 3rd to 7th position are '7413', '6933', '3369', and '807', hence their sum (7413+6933+3369+807) is 18522. Now, solve this instance: 5, 5, ['2801', '2479', 'g', '3787', '5063'] Student:
5063
instruction: In this task, you have to generate the named entities (NER) given its ingredients of the recipe. Named entities are the names of the items without their quantity. question: 2 spanish chorizo, sausage links cut in 1/4-inch slices (the firm chorizo, Mexican chorizo is the soft version), 6 boneless skinless chicken thighs, cut in large pieces, 1 pork chop, cut in cubes don't dice too fine (1-inch thickness, and yes I just ask the guy behind the meat counter for 1), 18 lb ham, cut in cubes don't dice too fine (1/4-inch thickness, and yes again, I just get a slice from the deli), 1 lb large shrimp, peeled and tails on (personally I remove mine, but traditionally they are left on), 12 lb cod, cut into large pieces (use could use halibut too, any firm white fish), 12 clams, cherrystone if possible my seafood guy will always clean them for me (rinsed well in a pan of water), 12 mussels, my seafood guy will always clean them for me (rinsed and cleaned well), 2 small bell peppers, cut in strips (I like to use 1 green and 1 red pepper), 2 scallions, chopped (green and white parts), 1 medium onion, chopped, 2 teaspoons minced garlic, 14 cup olive oil, 1 12 cups arborio rice, 3 34 cups chicken broth, sometimes I use a bit more broth (stock if you have home made would be even better), 14 teaspoon saffron, 3 tablespoons fresh parsley, chopped, 1 bay leaf, 12 cup white wine, 1 teaspoon lemon juice, 1 cup frozen peas, salt, pepper, lemon wedge, parsley answer: spanish chorizo, chicken thighs, pork chop, ham, shrimp, cod, seafood guy will always, mussels, bell peppers, scallions, onion, garlic, olive oil, arborio rice, chicken broth, saffron, fresh parsley, bay leaf, white wine, lemon juice, frozen peas, salt, pepper, lemon wedge, parsley question: 1 lb ground sirloin, 1 small onion, 1 large potato, 1 small rutabagas or 1/2 large rutabaga, 2 teaspoons seasoning salt, 1 teaspoon pepper, 1 pie shell answer: ground sirloin, onion, potato, rutabagas, salt, pepper, pie shell question: 7 c. Special K, 1 1/2 c. peanut butter, 1 c. dark Karo, 1 c. sugar, 1 large pkg. chocolate chips answer:
peanut butter, dark Karo, sugar, chocolate chips
Teacher: Given a premise and two alternatives in Gujarati, choose the alternative that is either a plausible cause or effect of the situation described by the premise. The premise is the 'નિવેદન' field and the alternatives are the 'વિકલ્પA' and 'વિકલ્પB' fields.The output should either be "વિકલ્પ A" or "વિકલ્પ B" based on your judgment. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: નિવેદન: પોલીસે તપાસ બંધ કરી દીધી હતી. વિકલ્પ A: તેઓએ શંકાસ્પદને પકડી પાડ્યો હતો. વિકલ્પ B: પીડિતા સ્વસ્થ થઈ. Solution: વિકલ્પ A Reason: Option A makes more sense, as the police closed the investigation because the criminal was caught . Now, solve this instance: નિવેદન: મહિલાની ચશ્માં ફોગ થઈ ગઈ. વિકલ્પ A: તે પૂલ દ્વારા reclines. વિકલ્પ B: તે સૌનામાં પ્રવેશ કરી. Student:
વિકલ્પ B
Instructions: You are given a sentence from a conversation between a human and a virtual assistant. Your task is to classify the sentence into one of the following five action categories - INFORM, INFORM_INTENT, OFFER, REQUEST, REQUEST_ALTS. If the sentence is about informing something, generate 'INFORM'. If it is about requesting something, generate 'REQUEST'. If the sentence mentions requesting an alternative option than the one provided, generate 'REQUEST_ALTS'. Similarly, generate 'OFFER' if the sentence is offering some information. If the sentence is about showing intent to do something, generate 'INFORM_INTENT'. Input: The address is 2700 F Street Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20566, United States. Output:
INFORM
Definition: In this task, you will be given a movie review and a question about the reviewer's sentiment toward one aspect of the movie in Persian. You have to infer the answer to the question from the review and classify it. Classify the reviewer's sentiment into: "no sentiment expressed", "negative", "neutral", "positive", and "mixed". The mixed category indicates reviews where none of the sentiments are dominant (mix of positive and negative, or borderline cases); hence it is hard to detect the primary sentiment. Also, assign neutral label to reviews that express no clear sentiment toward an entity or any aspect of it. The "no sentiment expressed" label should be assigned to the reviews where the given aspect didn't discuss in the text. Input: فیلم ، فیلمنامه ندارد و از به هم چسبیدن چند کلیپ تشکیل شده است که می تواند سرگرم کننده باشد ولی مسئله ای که مرا متعجب می کند آن است که چرا فیلمی که ژانر کمدی دارد در آخر این قدر تغییر جهت می دهد<sep>Question: نظر شما در مورد داستان، فیلمنامه، دیالوگ ها و موضوع فیلم نهنگ عنبر ۲ - سلکشن رویا چیست؟ Output:
negative
Teacher: Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to scientific facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce the third fact. An example of a chain is: "pesticides cause pollution" (given fact) + "pollution can harm animals" (related fact) → "pesticides can harm animals" (connected chain). Avoid creating simple paraphrases of the given fact. While your generated fact should be related to the input fact, they must describe slightly different scientific phenomena. It's okay if your related fact includes some irrelevant information, provided that it has some overlap with the given fact and it contains some words corresponding to the provided topic. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Fact: pesticides cause pollution. Topic: pollution harms. Solution: pollution can harm animals. Reason: This is a good related fact as this forms a chain with the given fact i.e. "pesticides causes pollution" + "pollution can harm animals" = "pesticides can harm animals". Now, solve this instance: Fact: a black hole is formed by a high-mass star collapses. Topic: black hole gravity. Student:
Essentially, a black hole is a gravity drain.
instruction: In this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the location names from the question if present. B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. Identifier used for the location name - LOC. . There can be instances with no location name entity, then return 'None'. question: Het orkest brengt voorts een uitgebreid Stravinsky-project evenals muziek van Mahler , Poulenc , Debussy , Ravel , Grieg , filmmuziek en zelfs muziek van Zappa en Bernstein . answer: None question: Het verschil bereikt , met vierentwintig minuten per nacht , een piek in het vierde leerjaar . answer: None question: Criel ( 42 ) werkte voordien bij de Wereldbank en is momenteel op post in Tel Aviv . answer:
Tel: B-LOC, Aviv: I-LOC
Given a sentence in the Japanese, provide an equivalent translation in Thai that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is. theUnitedStatesAustralianrulesfootballNationalChampionshipが今週末ですので、ウィキニュースでは、UnitedStatesAustralianFootballLeague(USFooty)会長のRichMannと、MediaRelations代表のKeinSmithにインタビューしました。
เนื่องด้วยกฎกติกาแบบสหรัฐฯ ออสเตรเลียจะนำไปใช้ในการแข่งขันฟุตบอล National Championship สุดสัปดาห์นี้ Wikinews ได้สัมภาษณ์ Rich Mann ประธานสมาคมฟุตบอลสหรัฐฯ ออสเตรเลีย (USFooty) และ Kevin Smith ตัวแทนประชาสัมพันธ์สื่อ
In this task, you are given an english sentence and a kurdish sentence you have to determine if they both are faithful translations of each other. Construct an answer that is 'Yes' if the second 'Kurdish' sentence is a translation of 'English' sentence and 'No' otherwise [EX Q]: 'English : “Our fellow carrying out the duty of transferring an explosive substance-laden truck in Amed region to another location was tried to be obstructed by some local collaborative elements in Dürümlü hamlet of Sarıkamış village in Sur district of Amed on May 12”.','Kurdish : ‘Li herêma Amedê, hevalên me qemyonek bi madeyên teqemeniyê barkirî ji cihekî dibir cihekî din. Di êvara 12ê Gulanê de me li gundikê Durumlu yê gundê Sarikamiş ê li navçeya Amed Sûrê dema di rê de bû, hin nokeran hewl dan pêşî lê bigirin. Hevalê di qemyonê de wezîfedar, nasnameya xwe eşkere kir û jê re nebin asteng û xwest biçe.’' [EX A]: Yes [EX Q]: 'English : “At that moment, they stopped me in the airport and said they needed to check some things. I waited in the airport for around 2-3 hours.','Kurdish : ‘’Ez dibêjim qey hingê biryar dan ku min desteser bike, Paşê wan ez birim Navenda Polîsan a Caddeya Vatanê.' [EX A]: No [EX Q]: 'English : According to bianet’s Media Monitoring Report covering the months of January, February, March the number of arrested journalists was 28. With the arrest of eight other journalists since April, the number has reached 36.','Kurdish : Di Rapora Çavdêriya li Medyayê ya Çile-Sibat-Adarê ku ji hêla bianetê ve hat amadekirin de hejmara rojnamegerên girtî 28 bû. Ji meha Nîsanê vir ve 8 rojnamegerên din jî hatin girtin û hejmar gihişte 36an.' [EX A]:
Yes
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Indicate if the following Polish tweet contains cyber-bullying content with 'Yes'; otherwise, respond with 'No'. Tweet: @anonymized_account P O L A N D !! , Question: Does the tweet contain cyberbullying (harmful) content?
No
Teacher:In this task you will be given a list, of lists, of numbers. Each list is presented with brackets and comma-separated values. For example, a list of numbers is [1,2,3] and a list of two lists of numbers is [[1,2],[3,4,6]]. You should sum up the values at every position of every inner list and put it as an element of your answer, that is, you should sum the first members of each inner list together and put it as the first element of the list, then sum the second members of each inner list together and put it as the second element of your list, etc. The output should be a list of numbers with the same length as the longest inner list. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: [[-76, -37, -10, 20, -19, -37, -39, -66], [71, 48], [78, -69, -72, 85, -62, 49, -42, 77, -6], [-15, 32], [66, -38, -60], [-11, 59, -26, -60, -82, 44]] Student:
[124, -75, -83, 79, -141, -70, -37, 11, -6]
In this task, you will be given sentences in which you have to recognize the name of the body cells. A cell is a mass of cytoplasm that is bound externally by a cell membrane. Usually microscopic in size, cells are the smallest structural units of living matter and compose all living things. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them. -------- Question: Given the unique NCC origin of PF suture complex ( analogous to metopic suture in humans ) , we performed quantitative real - time PCR and immunohistochemistry to study the expression pattern of the NCC determinant gene Sox9 and select markers of extracellular matrix . Answer: NCC Question: These new recommendations and revelations open the door for local antimicrobial approaches to reduce the challenge of plaque - induced bacteremias . Answer: plaque Question: These new recommendations and revelations open the door for local antimicrobial approaches to reduce the challenge of plaque - induced bacteremias . Answer:
plaque
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you are provided with an article of the legal acts. Your task is to classify it into three categories (Regulation, Decision and Directive) based on its content: 1) Regulation is a binding legislative act that must be applied in its entirety on a set date across all the member states (European Union countries). 2) Decision is binding on those to whom it is addressed (e.g. an European Union country or an individual company) and is directly applicable. 3) Directive is a legislative act that sets out a goal that all must achieve. However, it is up to the individual countries to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals. The guidance premium referred to in Article 10 of the Council Directive of 17 April 1972 on the modernization of farms shall he calculated per hectare of farm land required for the production of beef and veal or mutton and lamb on a farm, the development plan for which provides that at its term the share of earnings from cattle and sheep sales shall exceed 50 % of earnings from all farm sales.The amount of this premium shall be: - 45 u.a. per hectare within a ceiling of 4 000 u.a. per farm in the first year,- 30 u.a. per hectare within a ceiling of 3 000 u.a. per farm in the second year,- 15 u.a. per hectare within a ceiling of 1 500 u.a. per farm in the third year. This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Output:
Directive
Classify the given hotel review based on the sentiment it expresses into two classes: negative and positive. Do you imagine getting there for the first time and overlooking the room, that was supposed to be ready, with used towels and the mouthwash opened and used? what about when they left the towel for the floor (the foot towel) to dry my face? what about the slippers that, although being still in the bag, had all the sole broken and left tiny plastic parts over the way to the garbage (all over the room, de facto). i didn't realise that would happen to me until i saw paris hilton on tv and then i knew god is great and he did it to us for being such an idiots to go to a company that has been able to create her. shame on us, actually!
negative
In this task, you need to count the number of vowels (letters 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u') / consonants (all letters other than vowels) in the given sentence. Sentence: 'a large breed dog laying on a hardwood floor near a sliding glass door'. Count the number of vowels in the given sentence.
23
You are given an array of integers, check if it is monotonic or not. If the array is monotonic, then return 1, else return 2. An array is monotonic if it is either monotonically increasing or monotonocally decreasing. An array is monotonically increasing/decreasing if its elements increase/decrease as we move from left to right Ex Input: [19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 73, 82, 91, 100, 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190] Ex Output: 1 Ex Input: [170, 163, 156, 149, 142, 135, 128, 121, 114, 107, 100, 93, 86, 79, 72, 65, 58, 51, 44, 37, 30, 23, 16, 9] Ex Output: 1 Ex Input: [48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113] Ex Output:
1
In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted. of other courts have concluded, outside the RICO and Clayton Act context, that "by reason of" should be read to require only "but for” rather than proximate causation. See, e.g., Gross v. FBL Fin. Servs., Inc., 557 U.S. 167, 129 S.Ct. 2343, 2350, 174 L.Ed.2d 119 (2009) ("The words ‘because of' mean ‘by reason of: on account of.’ Thus, the ordinary meaning of the ADEA's requirement that an employer took adverse action ‘because of age is that age was the ‘reason’ that the employer decided to act. To establish a disparate-treatment claim under the plain language of the ADEA, therefore, a plaintiff must prove that age was the ‘but-for’ cause of the employer’s adverse decision.” (citations omitted) (emphasis added)); Robinson Knife Mfg. Co. v. C.I.R., 600 F.3d 121, 131-32 (2d Cir. 2010) (<HOLDING>); Spirtas Co. v. Ins. Co. of Pa., 555 F.3d 647, Holding statements: (A) holding that in 26 cfr 1263ale3i the language directly benefit or are incurred by reason of boils down to a butfor causation test (B) holding that fees incurred by debtor were not in the nature of support (C) holding in an appeal from a postanswer default judgment that third prong of craddock test required appellant to offer to reimburse appellee for legal expenses he incurred in obtaining default judgment even though most of the fees incurred had not been paid (D) holding that pursuant to the eaja courts may not award expenses of an attorney that are not incurred or expended solely or exclusively in connection with the case before the court (E) holding a tribe subject to 1 a tax on the use of certain highway motor vehicles 26 usc 4481a 2 a tax on diesel fuel used in highway vehicles 26 usc 4041a 3 a tax on special fuels used in motor vehicles 26 usc 4041b and 4 a tax on manufacturing in this case a truck chassis assembled by the tribe 26 usc 4061a 4218a holding that fees incurred by debtor were not in the nature of support needlessly leave out of our decisions an important source of information about the child, and in the end, it is the dependent child who suffers. After all, the children count here, not the agency. I believe that we gain nothing, and lose precious information by refusing foster parents standing. Standing to sue simply ensures that a particular party has a sufficient stake in a controversy before the court to obtain a judicial resolution. It should not be a doctrine to close the court house doors on parties who have a real interest in the matter at hand. I believe that the Juvenile Act confers “standing,” subject to traditional jurisprudential limits, for the agency, the grandparent, and the foster parents to file these petitions. See also Silfies v. Webster, 713 A.2d 639 (Pa.Super.1998)(<HOLDING>); McLaughlin v. Pernsley, 654 F.Supp. 1567 Holding statements: (A) holding that party standing in loco parentis has standing to seek custody of child (B) holding that a grandmother who frequently babysat her granddaughter was not in loco parentis and thus lacked standing to seek custody of her granddaughter (C) holding that prevailing party has no standing to appeal (D) holding that grandmother in loco parentis of her three grandchildren had protected liberty interest in their future care and custody (E) holding that domestic partner who assumed a parental status over her partners child and performed parental duties with the partners permission stood in loco parentis to the child and had standing to seek partial custody and visitation holding that a grandmother who frequently babysat her granddaughter was not in loco parentis and thus lacked standing to seek custody of her granddaughter plaintiff has not adequately alleged a conspiracy, nor has plaintiff put forth evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact that a conspiracy existed. In fact, plaintiff has failed to identify the purported members of the conspiracy. Plaintiff cannot simply make a conclusory allegation that a conspiracy existed; rather, plaintiff must provide facts showing agreement and concerted action. Sooner Prods. Co. v. McBride, 708 F.2d 510, 512 (10th Cir.1983). In this case, plaintiffs allegation of a conspiracy, without more, is insufficient to state a claim for conspiracy. Plaintiff has failed to allege any facts tending to show agreement or concerted action. The court finds that plaintiffs § 1985(3) claim fails as a maicer of law. Clulow v. Oklahoma, 700 F.2d 1291, 1303 (10th Cir.1983) (<HOLDING>). D. Municipal Liability Plaintiff also alleges Holding statements: (A) holding that conclusory allegation of conspiracy without supporting factual averments insufficient to state claim (B) holding that conclusory allegations without supporting factual averments are insufficient to state a claim on which relief can be based citations omitted (C) holding that vague conclusory statements are insufficient (D) holding conclusory assertions of intent to cause insufficient without supporting facts (E) holding that allegations against nondiverse defendants must be factual not conclusory because conclusory allegations do not state a claim
holding that conclusory allegations without supporting factual averments are insufficient to state a claim on which relief can be based citations omitted
Part 1. Definition In this task you will be given a list of integers. A list contains numbers separated by a comma. You need to round every integer to the closest power of 2. A power of 2 is a number in the form '2^n', it is a number that is the result of multiplying by 2 n times. The following are all powers of 2, '2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096'. If an integer is exactly in equally far from two different powers of 2 then you should output the larger power of 2. The output should be a list of integers that is the result of rounding each integer int the input list to the closest power of 2. The output should include a '[' to denote the start of the output list and ']' to denote the end of the output list. Part 2. Example [16, 205, 171, 2, 9, 317] Answer: [16, 256, 128, 2, 8, 256] Explanation: Every integer in the input list is rounded to the nearest power of 2. The number 2 and 16 are in the input list and both are a power of 2, therefore rounding to the closest power of 2 returns the same number. This is a good example. Part 3. Exercise [50, 61, 2922, 1898, 15, 32, 4, 126, 1877, 1775] Answer:
[64, 64, 2048, 2048, 16, 32, 4, 128, 2048, 2048]
instruction: Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to scientific facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce the third fact. An example of a chain is: "pesticides cause pollution" (given fact) + "pollution can harm animals" (related fact) → "pesticides can harm animals" (connected chain). Avoid creating simple paraphrases of the given fact. While your generated fact should be related to the input fact, they must describe slightly different scientific phenomena. It's okay if your related fact includes some irrelevant information, provided that it has some overlap with the given fact and it contains some words corresponding to the provided topic. question: Fact: beads of water are formed by water vapor condensing. Topic: water vapor. answer: Clouds are made of water vapor. question: Fact: Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel sperm from the epididymes. Topic: ejaculation semen. answer: Ejaculation is the expulsion of semen. question: Fact: Electron transport is the final stage of aerobic respiration. Topic: first stage aerobic respiration. answer:
Aerobic respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen.
You are given an original reference as well as a system reference. Your task is to judge the quality of the system reference. If the utterance is grammatically correct and fluent output 1, else output 0. System Reference: the phone number for burma superstar is 4153872147. Original Reference: burma superstar 's number is 4153872147.
1
Teacher: The input is taken from a negotiation between two participants who take the role of campsite neighbors and negotiate for Food, Water, and Firewood packages, based on their individual preferences and requirements. Given an utterance and recent dialogue context containing past 3 utterances (wherever available), output Yes if the utterance contains the no-need strategy, otherwise output No. no-need is a cooperative negotiation strategy. It is used when a participant points out that they do not need an item based on personal context such as suggesting that they have ample water to spare. no-need can directly benefit the opponent since it implies that the item is up for grabs. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Context: Utterance: 'how about I give you 2 waters and 1 food package in exchange for all your firewood?' Solution: No Reason: The utterance does not use the no-need strategy since it never refers to an item that the participant does not need. Now, solve this instance: Context: 'Hello' 'hello, so what is your most important thing that you want? ' 'my priority is firewood. What's yours?' Utterance: 'me and my gals thing that firewood is important also but we actually want water' Student:
No
Teacher:In this task, you are given two questions about a domain. Your task is to combine the main subjects of the questions to write a new, natural-sounding question. For example, if the first question is about the tallness of the president and the second question is about his performance at college, the new question can be about his tallness at college. Try to find the main idea of each question, then combine them; you can use different words or make the subjects negative (i.e., ask about shortness instead of tallness) to combine the subjects. The questions are in three domains: presidents, national parks, and dogs. Each question has a keyword indicating its domain. Keywords are "this national park", "this dog breed", and "this president", which will be replaced with the name of an actual president, a national park, or a breed of dog. Hence, in the new question, this keyword should also be used the same way. Do not write unnatural questions. (i.e., would not be a question someone might normally ask about domains). Do not write open-ended or subjective questions. (e.g., questions that can be answered differently by different people.) If you couldn't find the answer to your question from a single Google search, try to write a different question. You do not have to stick with the original question word for word, but you should try to create a question that combines the main subjects of the question. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Is this national park open year around? Does this national park ever close? Are open fires allowed outside of provided fire rings at this national park? Student:
Are fires ever restricted at this national park?
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head can be hindered by what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, hindering introduces hindrances that obstruct the natural path to the achievement of a goal. For example, the event PersonX adopts a cat can be obstructed if PersonX is allergic to cats. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. PROBLEM: Head: PersonX accepts PersonX's diploma<sep>Tail: take final exams SOLUTION: No PROBLEM: Head: PersonX demands PersonX's rights<sep>Tail: PersonX's supervisor doesn't respect worker rights SOLUTION: Yes PROBLEM: Head: PersonX gets it<sep>Tail: It is an impossible task. SOLUTION:
Yes
In this task, you are provided with an article of the legal acts. Your task is to classify it into three categories (Regulation, Decision and Directive) based on its content: 1) Regulation is a binding legislative act that must be applied in its entirety on a set date across all the member states (European Union countries). 2) Decision is binding on those to whom it is addressed (e.g. an European Union country or an individual company) and is directly applicable. 3) Directive is a legislative act that sets out a goal that all must achieve. However, it is up to the individual countries to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals. Article 1 of Commission Regulation (EEC) No 616/72 of 27 March 1972 on detailed rules for the application of export refunds and levies on olive oil (7), is hereby amended to read as follows:'Article 1 1. The export refund shall be granted only on olive oils with a free fatty acid content expressed as oleic acid of not more than 30 grams per 100 grams.2. Where the exported olive oil is a mixture falling within subheading 15.07 A II composed of: (a) oil purchased in response to an invitation to tender for export, and(b) oil purchased directly on the Community market,the refund fixed for oils falling within subheading 15.07 A II shall be granted solely in respect of the quantity obtained directly from the Community market.' This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Regulation
In this task, you are given a food review in Persian, and you have to extract aspects of the food mentioned in the text. We define aspects as taste/smell(طعم), nutritional value(ارزش غذایی), product quality(کیفیت), delivery(ارسال), packaging(بسته بندی) and purchase value/price(ارزش خرید). Although there might be multiple aspects in a review, we only need you to write one aspect. Example Input: قبلا خیلی بهتر بود مزه اش قبلا مزه ملایم تر و بهتری داشت Example Output: طعم Example Input: سلام من هفت هشت مدل از این مارک قهوه گرفتم بعد از چند روز دارم نظر مینویسم بسته بندیش واقعا افتضاح، آسیابشم خیلی درشت! هیچ وقت دیگه از این برند نمیخرم. معروف بودن قعوه های دیگه بدون دلیل نیست. یعنی فکر نکنید بخاطر تبلیغاتشونه, چون کیفیت دارن Example Output: بسته بندی Example Input: آنقدر آب قاطیش کردن که شل شله و غلظت نداره برای همین 50 درصد تخفیف داره چون 70 درصد آب قاطیش کردن و آب عسله نه عسل غلیظ 50-70=20 70 درصد آب قاطیش میکنند 50 درصد تخفیف میدن به این ترتیب 20 درصد هم سود داره Example Output:
کیفیت
instruction: Read an exchange between SENDER A and SENDER B, and answer whether SENDER A is a 'Bot' or a 'Human'. There are only a maximum of two senders (A and B) per conversation, and there are no conversations where SENDER A and SENDER B are both bots, or both humans; only one sender per conversation can be a bot, and only one can be a human. Knowing this, need only to classify whether SENDER A is 'Human' or 'Bot'; you do not need to write anything about SENDER B. Typically, bots will have a more disjointed manner of speaking, and will make statements that don't relate to each other, don't make coherent sense, or otherwise appear unnatural. Humans will make statements in a more or less coherent and logical way, potentially including asking the bot why the bot is not making sense or contradicting itself. question: SENDER A: Hello? SENDER B: Hello, i am doing well. How are you? SENDER A: I am doing fine, thanks! SENDER B: I am doing great. I am just hanging out with my dog. SENDER A: уебок SENDER A: okay, where are you from? SENDER B: I am from the united states, how about you? SENDER A: I am from moscow SENDER B: Cool! I am in riverside. Where are you from? SENDER A: russia SENDER B: I am in texas SENDER A: Nice! Do you have family? SENDER B: I do not. I am a kayaking buff. SENDER A: Are you relegious? SENDER B: Yes i am. I am a little discriminatory. SENDER A: are you racist? SENDER B: Not really, i am not sure. I am just watching the kardashions. SENDER A: do you like black people? SENDER B: Yes i like them all the time SENDER A: What about gender? SENDER B: I am not sure what gender is it SENDER A: Are you a boy, or a girl? SENDER B: I am a woman. I am a woman. SENDER A: Nice! Do you have a husband? SENDER B: No i am not married yet. SENDER A: Any plans? SENDER B: I am going to go to work soon. SENDER A: I'm talking about life-long goals SENDER B: Thank you! answer: Human question: SENDER A: How’s it going? SENDER B: Great SENDER A: Text is not given. Please try to type /end and /test to reset the state and get text. answer: Bot question: SENDER A: Good to see you! SENDER B: Nice to meet you SENDER A: Text is not given. Please try to type /end and /test to reset the state and get text. answer:
Bot
Definition: Write a fact related to the given fact, based on the given topic word. Note that, your fact should have at least one word in common with the given fact. All facts in this task refer to scientific facts. Your related fact must form a chain with the given fact. Chains form when two facts connect together to produce the third fact. An example of a chain is: "pesticides cause pollution" (given fact) + "pollution can harm animals" (related fact) → "pesticides can harm animals" (connected chain). Avoid creating simple paraphrases of the given fact. While your generated fact should be related to the input fact, they must describe slightly different scientific phenomena. It's okay if your related fact includes some irrelevant information, provided that it has some overlap with the given fact and it contains some words corresponding to the provided topic. Input: Fact: cell division often causes growth. Topic: growth is bigger size. Output:
Growth is the process by which the size of a tissue gets bigger.
Given a sentence in Korean, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in French that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase. 오언은 자신의 유토피아 공동체가 우월한 사회적, 지적, 육체적 개혁이라는 이상에 기반한 "사회 환경"을 조성 할 것이라고 믿었다.
Owen croyait que sa communauté utopique créerait un "environnement social", basé sur ses idéaux de réforme sociale, intellectuelle et physique supérieure.
In this task, you are given a list of integers in a random order. You need to return the same list of integers in the reverse order. [218, 140, 47, 114, 169, 259, 40, 271, 147, 279, 137, 189, 160, 110, 18, 64, 226, 108, 213, 76]
[76, 213, 108, 226, 64, 18, 110, 160, 189, 137, 279, 147, 271, 40, 259, 169, 114, 47, 140, 218]
Teacher:In this task, you have given an input which is agent's reply, based on that you have to identify what will be users' command for that reply. The user generally asks a question related to event scheduling or information of the scheduled events. Agent reply based on the available information or do the task as per user command. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Ben Hunter's phone number is 1349821598. Click on the number below to dial. Student:
Let's call Ben Hunter please
Definition: In this task you will be given a list, of lists, of integers. For every inner list contained in the input list, you should multiply every odd number in that list. The output should be a list of integers with the same length as the number of lists in the input list. If there are no odd numbers in an inner list you should output 0 for that list. Input: [[20, -10, -5, 29, -32], [12, -6, 10, 43], [-32, 21, 1], [50, -26, -24], [31, 32, 44], [-19, 20, -5, -40, 23], [-12, -43, 50, -33], [-18, 3, -40]] Output:
[-145, 43, 21, 0, 31, 2185, 1419, 3]
Detailed Instructions: In the following task, you are given a yes/no question, its answer, and additional information which includes a description of a key term in the question and several facts. Your task is to "decompose the question"i.e. write the steps required to construct the given answer where each step is a question that can be answered using Wikipedia articles. To decompose the question, think of a decomposition strategy you could apply to answer the question through a search against Wikipedia. The decomposition strategy might not be obvious for some questions. For this reason, you are provided with additional information. You are not required to write decompositions that exactly match the provided facts, they are only meant as guidance. If the facts are too noisy, think about how you would have used Wikipedia to answer this question to create the decomposition. "not_definitive_answer" is true if there is no clear answer i.e. the question is ambiguous or a subjective opinion."incorrect_answer" is true if the answer to the question is not correct. If the answer is incorrect, write a decomposition that evaluates the correct answer. Each question should be easy to answer based on simple facts from Wikipedia pages, or a simple check using the answers to preceding questions. To ensure this, we also ask you to enter a potential Wikipedia article that would contain the answer to each question. If you can not think of a Wikipedia page that can answer your question, please think of a different strategy. You do not need to enter a Wikipedia page for steps that don't add new information and only contain simple checks. The answer to the final question is the same as the answer to the original question. Every question's answer has an impact on the final answer and there should be no redundant steps in the decomposition. Q: Question: Will the Swiss Guard pistols be made in the US?, Answer:Yes, Description of Swiss Guard: Military of Vatican City, Fact1: The Swiss Guard carry SIG Sauer P220's., Fact2: All SIG Sauer manufacturing will be moved to the New Hampshire by the end of 2020., Fact3: New Hampshire is in the US. A:
Step1: What pistols do the Swiss Guard use?, Step2: What company produces #1?, Step3: Where are the manufacturing facilities of #2?, Step4: Is #3 located in the United States?, Wikipedia page for step 1: Swiss Guard, Wikipedia page for step 2: SIG Sauer, Wikipedia page for step 3: SIG Sauer, Wikipedia page for step 4: New Hampshire, not_definitive_answer: False, incorrect_answer: False
In this task, you are given a sentence. You are expected to recognize the name of gene or protein. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them. Based on these findings , it is concluded that both receptor types ( cell membrane and cytoplasmic receptors ) are being formed and increased at G1 phase prior to cell proliferation , indicating the importance of G1 phase in immunoregulation . cytoplasmic receptors We show here that Bright has multiple contextual requirements to function as a transcriptional activator . transcriptional activator These data suggest that these kappa B - specific proteins have a role in the coordinate regulation of this growth factor - growth factor receptor gene system that controls T cell proliferation .
growth factor receptor
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. In this task, you are given a country name and you need to answer with the government type of the country, as of the year 2015. The following are possible government types that are considered valid answers: Republic, Parliamentary Coprincipality, Federal Republic, Monarchy, Islamic Republic, Constitutional Monarchy, Parlementary Monarchy, Federation. Example: Angola Output: Republic Republic is the government type of the country called Angola. New input case for you: Jordan Output:
Constitutional Monarchy
TASK DEFINITION: You are given a password and you need to generate the number of steps required to convert the given password to a strong password. A password is considered strong if (a) it has at least 6 characters and at most 20 characters; (b) it contains at least one lowercase letter and one uppercase letter, and at least one digit; (c) it does not contain three repeating characters in a row. In one step you can: (1) Insert one character to password, (2) delete one character from password, or (3) replace one character of password with another character. PROBLEM: password = CaDtg0slfTLaZ4OaT SOLUTION: 0 PROBLEM: password = Ug!75GQ.!X.28fO SOLUTION: 0 PROBLEM: password = 6.DAB5d8JOQ5RVD SOLUTION:
0
Instructions: Given a text passage as input consisting of dialogues of negotiations between a seller and a buyer about the sale of an item, the task is to classify the text into one of the labels from the two possible outputs - 'accepted'/'rejected'. Select [accepted] if by the end of the conversation the buyer seems likely to buy the item from the seller. A sale is likely made when the buyer and seller agree upon a common price or when a deal is made between them. Select [rejected] if the buyer did not seem interested in buying the item from the seller at the end of the conversation. This happens when the buyer and seller do not agree on the price or other aspects of the item being sold by the seller. Input: Seller: Hello Buyer: Hello I am interested in the Bose soundlink 3 you have for sell. Could you tell me what all comes with this purchase? Seller: The Bose has a warranty available with it. It is Brand new and ready to be purchased Buyer: How long is the warranty? Seller: 2 years warranty Buyer: Is the warranty valid even if it is resold? Seller: The warranty is directly available from Bose and it should be valid if resold Buyer: What is the lowest you would take? Seller: I can give it to you for $200 Buyer: Would you reduce the price even more if I agreeded to pick them Bose Soundlink 3 myself? Seller: I can reduce it to $190 then Seller: Seller: Output:
rejected
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you will be given a sentence. You need to reconize the name of the disorder or disease. Disease is a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them. In SCA2 , saccade velocity was markedly decreased . Output:
SCA2
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the named entities from the question if present. B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. Here is the list of terms used: person names (PER), organizations (ORG), locations (LOC) and miscellaneous names (MISC). There can be instances with no named entities, then return 'None'. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Fado is voor zangeres Salgueiro , singer-songwriter / gitarist Pedro Ayres Magalhães , snarenvirtuoos Pedro Peixoto , akoestische bassist Fernando Júdice en synthesizerspeler Carlos Maria Trindade in de eerste plaats een stemming , opgeroepen door middel van enkele bijna eucharistische rituelen : een ingetogen instrumentaal begin dat het publiek tot rust dwingt , statisch zwart in de klederdracht , een sober maar feestelijk lichtspel . Student:
Salgueiro: B-PER, Pedro: B-PER, Ayres: I-PER, Magalhães: I-PER, Pedro: B-PER, Peixoto: I-PER, Fernando: B-PER, Júdice: I-PER, Carlos: B-PER, Maria: I-PER, Trindade: I-PER
In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves "transient vs. stationary" events, i.e., the understanding of whether an event will change over time (transient event) not (stationary event). For example, the sentence "he was born in the U.S." contains a stationary event since it will last forever; however, "he is hungry" contains a transient event since it will remain true for a short period of time. Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer. Sentence: Pushkin gradually became committed to social reform and emerged as a spokesman for literary radicals. Was Pushkin always a spokesman for literary radicals? Sentence: In London at mid-afternoon yesterday, Ratners's shares were up 2 pence (1.26 cents), at 260 pence ($1.64). Have Ratners's shares been up ever since then? Sentence: Now, following Ressam's arrest, the FBI asked for an unprecedented number of special wiretaps.
Will the wiretaps last forever?
In this task your given a passage in Catalan. you must ask a question in Catalan, that is relevant to the passage. A question that is constructed should be precise and based on factual information from the passage. A constructed question should be: (a) unambiguous (b) be directly answerable from the passage (c) have a unique answer (d) have an answer that is a continuous span of text from the passage. Try to avoid formulating questions that (a) can be answered without referring to the passage, or (b) use exactly the same words or questions given in the passage. Try to make the question fluent in the language used. You have to create exactly one question. [EX Q]: A principis del segle xvi, a través dels textos de Fibonacci i, encara més, la Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalità (Venècia, 1494) de Luca Pacioli, la ciència i la cultura d\'influència italiana tenen accés a l\'essència del saber àrab. Els matemàtics de llavors s\'apassionen per l\'àlgebra i, sobretot, per un problema que havia quedat obert: trobar un mètode general i exacte de resolució de l\'equació cúbica. Per l\'expressió "exacta", s\'entén una forma diferent d\'una successió que convergeix cap a l\'arrel. Aquests matemàtics cercaren una expressió anàloga a la de Muhàmmad ibn Mussa al-Khwarazmí o a la de Savasorda per la de segon grau que, amb l\'ajuda d\'arrels quadrades o cúbiques, arribés a donar la solució. [EX A]: A què va poder accedir la cultura d'influència italiana a principis del segle xvi? [EX Q]: El desenllaç de l'obra arriba amb el tercer acte. En Sebastià vol que vigilin en Manelic perquè l'havia amenaçat de mort. Els Perdigons s'adonen que no han fet bé d'obeir el seu amo, però quan torna a aparèixer en Sebastià, que reclama veure la Marta, ningú no li planta cara. En aquell moment, arriba el mossèn i fa marxar en Sebastià cap a casa perquè allí l'espera el pare de la seva promesa. Quan en Sebastià ha marxat, apareix la Nuri, que reclama parlar amb la Marta i fa fora tots els pagesos que hi ha al molí. La Nuri li diu que esperi el seu senyal, que ella l'ajudarà a escapar a la terra alta amb en Manelic. Finalment, la Marta sent la rialla, que és el senyal que esperava, i decideix fugir, però és interceptada per en Sebastià, que la renya. Seguidament, apareix en Manelic al molí i s'enfronta amb en Sebastià en una baralla a mort que guanya en Manelic. És en aquell punt que en Manelic diu: «He mort el llop».[19] Per acabar, els pagesos veuen el cadàver d'en Sebastià a terra, i la Marta i en Manelic fugen a la tranquil·la i pura terra alta.[17][18] [EX A]: Quan arriba el desenllaç de l'obra? [EX Q]: Posteriorment, als primers anys 1960 desenvolupà l'etapa anomenada «de les penetracions i les tensions» —segons denominació de Josep Corredor Matheos—,[40] caracteritzada per l'ús de falques encaixades amb caragols i tirants de ferro, o de peces tensades amb cables o cordes, en encaixaments que jugaven amb la matèria i l'espai, amb elements oposats com matèria i forma, gravitació i contrapès, buit i ple, horitzontal i vertical. Exemples d'aquesta etapa són: Introversió (1960), Monument transportable (1961), Colmenar (1961), la Creu de Sant Miquel a Montserrat (1962), Gravitació (1962), Piràmide (1962), el Monument a les víctimes de les inundacions del Vallès (1963), Polimatèria (1964), Estabilitat (1964), Polifem (1964), el Monument a Pompeu Fabra a Planoles (1965) o l'Homenatge a Barcelona a la muntanya de Montjuïc (1968).[41] Una de les seves últimes obres en aquest sentit fou el Monument a les Olimpiades de Mèxic (1968), situat a l'anomenada Ruta de l'Amistat realitzada per a les Olimpiades Culturals que es van desenvolupar en paral·lel a les esportives; es tracta de dues piràmides en forma de falques enfrontades i unides per un travesser a la part central, obra de formigó de 950 x 1070 x 410 cm i 160 t de pes, amb un simbolisme relatiu a la història de Mèxic: la piràmide inferior representa el Mèxic precolombí, mentre que la superior al·ludeix a la cultura hispano-americana i a la part central es conjuguen els anells olímpics amb les lletres que formen la paraula Mèxic.[42] [EX A]:
Quan desenvolupà l'etapa anomenada «de les penetracions i les tensions»?
Definition: In this task, based on the given context word, you are asked to create a pair of sentences each containing a blank (_) and their corresponding answer. The sentence pair should look similar, and should be about two related but different objects; for example "trophy" and "suitcase". Additionally, the two sentences must be different in terms of trigger words (e.g., "small" and "big") which express contrasting properties about the two objects. The answer must not be associated with the trigger word; instead, it should depend on the context present in twin sentences. Also, the answers should not be ambiguous. For each sentence, there should be an agreed upon answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use animals and proper nouns (e.g., New York, Macbook, Jeff Bezos, McDonald's, ...) as your objects. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in twin sentences. E.g., a contrasting sentence can always be created using simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase diversity. Both twin sentences must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Twin sentences must have at least 70% overlapping words. You must utilize the given context word while writing the twin sentences. Each of the twin sentences must contain only one blank. Make sure that ObjectX and Y have the same number e.g. when ObjectX is singular, ObjectY must be singular, too. The two objects (ObjectX & ObjectY) should be used ONCE in each sentence. Here is a list of contrastive words that may be used as trigger words. You should create more such trigger words and use them in your twin sentences. | Attribute | triggerword | contrastive triggerword | | age | old | new | | altitude | low | high | | area | small | vast | | brightness | dark | light | | clarity | obscure | clear | | cleanness | dirty | clean | | complexity | simple | complex | | cost | cheap | expensive | | density | sparse | dense | | depth | shallow | deep | | distance | near | far | | electric conductivity | low | high | | flexibility | rigid | flexible | | granularity | fine | coarse | | hardness | soft | hard | | length | short | long | | magnitude | small | large | | mass | small | large | | odor | weak | strong | | pressure | low | high | | resistance | low | high | | shape | round | sharp | | shape | flat | spiky | | size | small | large | | sound | quiet | loud | | sound pitch | low | high | | speed | slow | fast | | stability | unstable | stable | | strength | weak | strong | | temperature | low | high | | texture | smooth | rough | | thermal conductivity | low | high | | thickness | thin | thick | | volume | small | large | | weight | light | heavy | | width | narrow | wide | | location | in | out | | location | up | down | | location | above | below | | location | on | off | | location | to | from | Input: Context Word: makeup. Output:
Sentence 1: Claire tried a new color of makeup for her skin tone, but it didn't look too good because the _ was too cool. Answer1: tone. Sentence 2: Claire tried a new color of makeup for her skin tone, but it didn't look too good because the _ was too warm. Answer2: color.
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task, you are given a date in a particular format and you need to convert to another format. If given format is "dd/mm/yyyy" then convert to "mm/dd/yyyy". If given format is "mm/dd/yyyy" then convert to "dd/mm/yyyy". 12/27/2014, input_format=mm/dd/yyyy Output:
27/12/2014
Definition: In this task, you're given a pair of sentences in the Persian Language written in the Persian alphabet. Your job is to choose whether the two sentences agree (entailment), disagree (contradiction), or neither (neutral). Your answer must be in the form of the letters E, C, and N, respectively. The sentences have been separated by a newline character. Input: پیامبر فرمودند: پاکیزگی کلید قبولی نماز است. پیامبر فرمودند: پایه دین بر پاکیزگی استوار است. Output:
N
Teacher:In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head can be hindered by what is mentioned in the Tail or not. In this task, hindering introduces hindrances that obstruct the natural path to the achievement of a goal. For example, the event PersonX adopts a cat can be obstructed if PersonX is allergic to cats. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Head: PersonX tells a lie<sep>Tail: The detective gave PersonX a truth serum. Student:
Yes
instruction: This task is about classifying the sentiment of tweets in the Arabic language as POSITIVE or NEGATIVE. A positive (negative) sentiment indicates that the expressed opinion in the sentence is positive (negative). The input is a sentence is a sentence in Arabic and the output is the classified sentiment. question: احلى شىء النهايه الباقيه صح كلامك answer: POSITIVE question: سلوا الله الجنه والحوا عليه في طلبها ييسر لكم اسباب دخولها فكل نعيم دونها شقاء وكل فوز دونها خسار فمن زحزح عن النار وادخل الجنه فقد فاز answer: POSITIVE question: انشاء الله نكون راضين بقضاء الله لكننا نرجو من الله اللطف فيه answer:
POSITIVE
TASK DEFINITION: Use a disfluent question or a proper question and find the answer to the question based on the given context or return None if an answer can't be found. A disfluent question is a question that has some interruptions in it while framing. A proper question is the correct form of the question without any disfluency. PROBLEM: proper question: What year was 366,273 people in Jacksonville? disfluent question: When was no in what year was 366,273 people in Jacksonville? context: As of 2010[update], there were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males. SOLUTION: None PROBLEM: proper question: Gamma delta T cells have a different version of what receptor? disfluent question: Gamma delta T cells have a different version of what kind of immunity, oh sorry, I mean type of receptor? context: Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (αβ) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The conditions that produce responses from γδ T cells are not fully understood. Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T cells, γδ T cells straddle the border between innate and adaptive immunity. On one hand, γδ T cells are a component of adaptive immunity as they rearrange TCR genes to produce receptor diversity and can also develop a memory phenotype. On the other hand, the various subsets are also part of the innate immune system, as restricted TCR or NK receptors may be used as pattern recognition receptors. For example, large numbers of human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes, and highly restricted Vδ1+ T cells in epithelia respond to stressed epithelial cells. SOLUTION: T cell PROBLEM: proper question: What requires collaboration across zoning requirements? disfluent question: What requires construction umm I mean collaboration across zoning requirements? context: Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager supervises it. For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc. The largest construction projects are referred to as megaprojects. SOLUTION:
None
Given a piece of financial news and its polarity, classify it into 'true' if the polarity is correct and classify into 'false' if the polarity is incorrect. Output must be 'true' or 'false'. news:The copying , republication or redistribution of AFX News Content , including by framing or similar means , is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of AFX News . polarity:neutral true news:Therefore , the company 's 2005 result will remain weaker than that of 2004 . polarity:negative true news:The airline was targeting travel agents , tour operators and travel management companies to raise awareness first before targeting consumers , he added . polarity:negative
false
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. You are given a country name and you need to return the currency of the given country. Cuba Output:
Cuban Peso
Teacher:In this task, you're given a passage that represents a legal contract or clause between multiple parties. Your job is to write questions that ask the basic details corresponding to the legal contracts or clauses. Avoid questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph, and which might have multiple answers. The answer to each question should be unambiguous. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Exhibit 99.1 JOINT FILING AGREEMENT Pursuant and subject to Rule 13d-1(k)(1) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the undersigned hereby agree to the joint filing of the Statement on Schedule 13D to which this Joint Filing Agreement is attached, and any amendments thereto may be filed without the necessity of filing additional joint filing agreements. This Joint Filing Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument. The execution and filing of this agreement shall not be construed as an admission that the below-named parties are a group or have acted as a group. Dated: July 6, 2020 HPS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, LLC /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory HPS MEZZANINE PARTNERS II, LLC By: HPS Investment Partners, LLC, its sole member /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory [Signature Page to Joint Filing Agreement] HPS MEZZANINE PARTNERS II OFFSHORE GP, L.P. By: HPS Partners Holdings II, LLC, its general partner /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory MEZZANINE PARTNERS - OFFSHORE INVESTMENT MASTER FUND II, L.P. By: HPS Mezzanine Partners II, LLC, its investment manager By: HPS Investment Partners, LLC, its sole member /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory MEZZANINE PARTNERS II OFFSHORE LUX S.À R.L /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory MEZZANINE PARTNERS II OFFSHORE LUX S.À R.L II /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory [Signature Page to Joint Filing Agreement] HPS MEZZANINE PARTNERS II GP, L.P. By: HPS Partners Holdings II, LLC, its general partner /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory MEZZANINE PARTNERS II, L.P. By: HPS Mezzanine Partners II Offshore GP, L.P., its general partner By: HPS Partners Holdings II, LLC, its general partner /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory MEZZANINE PARTNERS II ONSHORE LUX S.À R.L /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory MEZZANINE PARTNERS II ONSHORE LUX S.À R.L II /s/ John Madden Name: John Madden Title: Authorized Signatory [Signature Page to Joint Filing Agreement] Student:
Highlight the parts (if any) of this contract related to Agreement Date that should be reviewed by a lawyer. Details: The date of the contract
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Read the given query and classify it as a 'Good' or 'Bad' query depending on how well the query is formed, 'Bad' being the expected output for a not so well formed query and 'Good' being the expected output for a well formed query. A query may be wrong based on common sense or general facts, but if it is well formed, you should answer with Good. Example: What is the scientific name of the tortoise ? Output: Good The output for the query is Good because the query has no grammatical, punctuation or spelling errors. New input case for you: How do you use wpe pro on runescape ? Output:
Good
Detailed Instructions: In this task you are given a sentence. You must judge whether there exist two consecutive words within the sentence with flipped orders, that is, whether the sentence will make sense and be correct if the order of two consecutive words changes. Label the instances as "Inversion" or "Original" based on your judgment. Q: This includes vast the majority of churches in Christianity. A:
Inversion
In this task you are given a tweet. You must judge whether the tweet is ironic or not. We define two type of irony for this task ("polarity","situational"). Situational irony happens when a situation fails to meet some expectations. polarity irony happens when irony is achieved by inverting the intended sentence. Label the instances as "ironic" or "not" based on your judgment. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link]. so, sane peoples would talk to themselves in twitter because they can't find other sane humans to talk to. that #retweet#ifagree
ironic
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. You are given a country name and you need to return the currency of the given country. Ethiopia Output:
Ethiopian Birr
TASK DEFINITION: Read the given sentence and if it is a general advice then indicate via "yes". Otherwise indicate via "no". advice is basically offering suggestions about the best course of action to someone. advice can come in a variety of forms, for example Direct advice and Indirect advice. (1) Direct advice: Using words (e.g., suggest, advice, recommend), verbs (e.g., can, could, should, may), or using questions (e.g., why don't you's, how about, have you thought about). (2) Indirect advice: contains hints from personal experiences with the intention for someone to do the same thing or statements that imply an action should (or should not) be taken. PROBLEM: Additionally , Ireland is the home to Ryanair and has dozens of cheap daily flights across Europe , with most destinations being within 2 hours away in duration . SOLUTION: no PROBLEM: If the test has lots of terms you can create flash cards with the term on one end and definition on the other end . SOLUTION: yes PROBLEM: Yeah this is probably the best option . SOLUTION:
no
Part 1. Definition In this task, you will be given a list of integers. You should remove all of the odd integers from the list(consider 0 an even number). If every integer in the input list is odd then an empty list ("[]") should be returned. Otherwise, answer with the list of even numbers separated by comma inside brackets. Part 2. Example [1, 8, 0, 2, 9] Answer: [8, 0, 2] Explanation: 1 and 9 are removed from the list because they are odd numbers. Part 3. Exercise [-92, 69, 38, 88, 17, 92, -46, -77, 62, -91, -54] Answer:
[-92, 38, 88, 92, -46, 62, -54]
Teacher: In this task you will be given an arithmetic operation in Italian and you have to find its answer. The operations 'addition' and 'subtraction' have been replaced with their italian translations i.e you need to perform addition when you see 'aggiunta' and subtraction in case of 'sottrazione'. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: 10 sottrazione 7 Solution: 3 Reason: Here, 'sottrazione' represents the subtraction operation. So, the answer is 3 (10-7=3). Now, solve this instance: 8584 sottrazione 9974 sottrazione 1891 aggiunta 4991 sottrazione 1727 sottrazione 1913 sottrazione 1411 Student:
-3341
Teacher: In this task, you are given a Reddit post as a text. Your task is to generate a title for this text. The title should start with "TIFU by", followed by a situation that caused humor. The title should contain 7-12 words, ideally. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Text: title speaks for itself really... i just wasted $1500 of my parents' money. i feel terrible. edit: i guess it wasn't that i took the wrong class, but the class i was taking wouldn't transfer credits over to my university. so really it was my negligence to do more research in the matter. gg Solution: TIFU by taking the wrong class for 2 weeks and only realizing it today Reason: This title is appropriate for the given text post because the focus of this post is about a humorous situation caused by "taking the wrong class". Now, solve this instance: Text: i occasionally use marijuana. my experiences have always been pretty mellow and relaxing, when i use a pipe and take a couple hits. it feels cool, i laugh a lot, food tastes great and that's that. today i had a different experience. my good friend let us use his vaporizer, which for those of you who don't know is a device that heats the weed so it releases vapor. it's cleaner and more efficient. anyway the plan was to vaporize and then see a movie. he shows me how to use it, and i vaporize quite a bit of weed, significantly more than the other two people i'm with. not that much more than what i would normally smoke, but keep in mind vaporizing is *much* more efficient with drawing out the active chemicals in the weed. initially, i felt the same familiar high coming on, just a little bit stronger. really pleasant and fun. then it becomes a little much, with my legs feeling tingly and my perception warping. as we we're about to leave to go inside the theater, it becomes **way** too much for me. i start to feel like i have absolutely no control over my own thoughts and vision. it felt like i was experiencing everything with a delay of a second or two, like living in slow motion. when i touched my face, my hand would feel really cold and really hot. i remember at one point rubbing the seat belt across my face because it felt *so* surreal. if i was at home in my room, it would have been an awesome experience, but away from home in a small car i started to panic really badly. i could have sworn i had a couple minor visual hallucinations. i told my friends **very** seriously "guys, i need to stay in here, i'm freaking out." at first they smiled, but as i persisted they got really concerned. fortunately, they were really understanding and stayed with me. i just sat there in disbelief with how intense it was. i wanted to be home. after about 30 minutes of what i can fully describe as *tripping balls*, i start to come down and feel much better. so we went and saw grown ups 2 and laughed our asses off. i apologized to them for pushing my limits and becoming a responsibility. moral of the story: don't go to a full-on [10] without knowing what an intense high is like first. Student:
TIFU by underestimating the power of vaporizing
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Swahili language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge. Input: Question: Hawakuwa kusini kabisa mwa mpaka lakini walikuwa karibu vya kutosha, baada ya kuona meli kadhaa za Jeshi la Wanamaji walikuwa na chakula cha jioni kwenye mgahawa halisi wa mexico wapi? Options: A burrito B mexico C san diego D anga E mji Output:
C
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a single sentence or a set of sentences. You have to recognize the name of the disorder or disease. Disease is a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them. Problem: None of the patients had decompensated liver disease . Solution:
liver disease
Given a sentence in Igbo language, translate the sentence to English language keeping the meaning of the original sentence intact Igbo sentence: N'agbanyeghị nke ụdị Tren ị kpebie ịga na, ị ga-zụta otu nke kasị mma Steroid (anabolic).
No matter which form of Tren you decide to go with, you'll have bought one of the best steroids (anabolic).
instruction: You are asked to create a question containing a blank (_), based on the given context word. Your question must contain two related but different objects; for example "trophy" and "suitcase". The expected answer to your question must be one of the objects present in the sentence. The expected answer must not be associated with any specific word in the question; instead it should depend on the context present in the question. The expected answer should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, there should be a agreed upon answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use animals or proper nouns (e.g., New York, Macbook, Jeff Bezos, McDonald's, ...) as your objects. Avoid repeating the same style, pattern or phrases in each question, try to increase diversity by varying sentence structure, blank placement etc. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that Object X and Y have the same number e.g. when ObjectX is singular, Object Y must be singular, too. The two objects (Object X & Object Y) should be used ONCE in your question. Here is a list of attributes and associated pair of contrastive words which may be used to create a valid question using the objects. You can use either of the contrastive words, but not both. You should think about more such attributes and associated words and use them in your question. | Attribute | triggerword | contrastive triggerword | | age | old | new | | altitude | low | high | | area | small | vast | | brightness | dark | light | | clarity | obscure | clear | | cleanness | dirty | clean | | complexity | simple | complex | | cost | cheap | expensive | | density | sparse | dense | | depth | shallow | deep | | distance | near | far | | electric conductivity | low | high | | flexibility | rigid | flexible | | granularity | fine | coarse | | hardness | soft | hard | | length | short | long | | magnitude | small | large | | mass | small | large | | odor | weak | strong | | pressure | low | high | | resistance | low | high | | shape | round | sharp | | shape | flat | spiky | | size | small | large | | sound | quiet | loud | | sound pitch | low | high | | speed | slow | fast | | stability | unstable | stable | | strength | weak | strong | | temperature | low | high | | texture | smooth | rough | | thermal conductivity | low | high | | thickness | thin | thick | | volume | small | large | | weight | light | heavy | | width | narrow | wide | | location | in | out | | location | up | down | | location | above | below | | location | on | off | | location | to | from | question: Context Word: Eyebrows. answer: At the beauty salon, Angela preferred to work on her eyebrows instead of her eyelashes because the _ needed to be worked on. question: Context Word: clothe. answer: James could not get the bag closed because of the clothe in it. The _ is plenty. question: Context Word: twitch. answer:
The doctor thought my nose twitch was from a lack of potassium so he recommended bananas not oranges since the _ were deficient in that mineral.
Teacher: In this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the location names from the question if present. B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. Identifier used for the location name - LOC. . There can be instances with no location name entity, then return 'None'. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Jean Alavoine ( Fra ) Solution: Fra: B-LOC Reason: In the given sentence, Fra is identified as the location, which is correct. Now, solve this instance: Eritrea wil terugkeren naar de koloniale grenzen die van kracht waren voor Ethiopië de provincie in 1963 inlijfde . Student:
Eritrea: B-LOC, Ethiopië: B-LOC
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you need to output 'Yes' if the given number is a prime number otherwise output 'No'. A 'prime number' is a a whole number above 1 that can not be made by multiplying other whole numbers. PROBLEM: 76001 SOLUTION: Yes PROBLEM: 32300 SOLUTION: No PROBLEM: 40787 SOLUTION:
Yes
Detailed Instructions: You will be given a text in the Russian language, and you should classify the given input text to one of the emotion labels from this list of emotion labels- ['joy', 'sadness', 'surprise', 'fear', 'anger']. Make sure your output label (i) is strictly present in the given list of emotion labels. (ii) is unambiguous. Problem:Бляяяя я одна дома и этот ужасный сериал =.= Я боюсь((( Solution:
fear
Given a sentence in the Japanese and Filipino language. Your task is check if the Filipino sentence is translation of Japanese. if the translation is correct than generate label "Yes", otherwise generate label "No". Japanese: 特にこの10年間フォーミュラーワンで優位を占めるマイケル・シューマッハとフェラーリを支援していると信じられているブラウンは、資金の切り崩しと予算削減の準備を期待されたが、ホンダの発表した援助の全てを受けることはなかったと明らかにした。 Filipino: Si Brawn, na pinarangalan sa pagtulong ng todo sa nakaraang dekada kay Michael Schumacher at sa Ferrari na manguna sa Formula One, ipinahiwatig na inaasahan niya ang pagputol ng pondo at nakahanda siya sa pagbawas ng badyet subalit hindi inaasahan ang buong pag-alis ng suporta na inihayag ng Honda. Yes Japanese: イスラエル系スウェーデン人活動家のDrorFeiler氏は、新小型船隊の目標は前のそれの規模を倍増し、1000人以上の人を参加させることだと言った。 Filipino: Ang aktibistang Israeli-Swedish na si Dror Feiler ay sinabi na ang layunin ng bagong plotilya ay doblehin ang laki ng nakaraang una, at para ito ay magsama ng mahigit sa isang libong tao. Yes Japanese: 「現時点での私の思いとしては、そのようなことをしたくない」とコニャーズ氏は言ったが、委員会の調査員をロンドンに送るなど他の方法での調査を求めたいとも言った。 Filipino: "Ang aking kagustuhan sa oras na ito ay huwag gumawa ng bagay na tulad niyan," ani Conyers, kahit sinabi niya na gusto niyang itulak ang pag-uusig sa ibang mga paraan, kasama ng pagpapadala ng mga tagapag-usig na komite sa London.
Yes
In this task, you are given two strings A,B. Find the longer of the two lists, convert it to lowercase, and return all the unique alphabets used in it. The two input strings are never equal. One example: JkbloNUq, nYblowj Solution is here: b, j, k, l, n, o, q, u Explanation: Here, 'JkbloNUq' is the longer string among the two input strings. Lowercasing it and finding all unique alphabets gives 'b, j, k, l, n, o, q, u'. Now, solve this: choPWeM, vMoPdf Solution:
c, e, h, m, o, p, w
You are given a movie review in the French language. You need to predict its sentiment. Output a 0 for negative sentiment and a 1 for positive sentiment. Thomas Jane avec Bruce Willis... J'avais d'abord pensé que Thomas Jane s'était upgradé. Il n'en est rien. Bruce Willis s'est littéralement downgradé dans ce navet sans substance où les balles fusent dans tous les sens pour atterrir dans des murs.
0
In this task, you are given a country name, and you need to return the numeric International Organization for Standardization (ISO) code of the given country. The codes are three-digit numbers defined by the ISO to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. Maldives 462 Montenegro 499 Saint Martin
663
In this task, you are given a sentence which is either in the Swedish language or English language. You task is to identify the language of input sentence. Input sentence can be in Swedish or English language only and also it cannot have two languages at a time. Unfortunately, the new guidelines seem to be heading in the same direction and there are no signs that things will change once they have been implemented. English The Erika was built at a Japanese shipyard and is single-hulled. English I dag har något förändrats, åtminstone när det gäller mekanismerna, framför allt när det gäller kontrollen, men vi är ändå inte nöjda, framför allt inte om man i berörda fora pratar om en europeisk åklagare, brott, bedrägerier, förskingring och avslöjanden av hemligheter på europeisk nivå.
Swedish
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. In this task you will break down a question into the basic steps required to answer it. A question decomposition is a numbered list of operations that must be performed to answer the original question. Imagine explaining your question to a friendly droid by listing each action it should take in order for the question to be answered. Each step in our decomposition should refer to either an entity (known or unknown), a propery of an entity or a query operation (count, group, union, etc.) Here are the list of step templates and their description: Select: A select step is used to return a set of objects. There are no references to previous steps in a select step. template: Return [attributes] Filter: A filter step is used to return results from a previous step to which a certain condition applies. template: Return [#step] [condition] Project: A project step should return certain attributes of the results of a previous step. template: Return [attributes] of [#step] Aggregate: An aggregate step returns an aggregator function applied on a step's result. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step]. Group: A group step is an aggregator applied on attributes. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step] for each [attribute] Superlative: A superlative step is used to return the result with a highest/lowest attribute among other results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [is] [highest / lowest] Comparative: A comparative step is used when we need to compare an attribute with a number to filter results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [comparator] [number] Union: A union step is used to return results of two steps together. template: Return [#step1] [or / ,] [#step2] Intersection: An intersection step returns the result that two steps have in common. template: Return [attribute] of both [#step1] and [#step2] Discard: A discard step returns result of a step and excludes result of another step from it. template: Return [#step1] besides [#step2] Sort: A sort returns result of another step in a specific order. template: Return [#step1] [ordered / sorted by] [#step2] Is true: An is true step checks a condition on another result and returns a true or false. template: Return [is / if] [condition] Arithmetic: An arithmatic step operates an arithmatic operation on one or more steps. template: Return the [arithmetic op.] of [#step1] [and] [#step2]. question: who discovered radon first? Output:
#1 return radon #2 return who discovered #1 #3 return first of #2
Teacher:For the given English description, write an SQL command such that it accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Did M1 influence M2 , influence M3 , M4 , and M5 , marry M6 , and marry a film editor Student:
SELECT count(*) WHERE { ?x0 a ns:film.editor . FILTER ( M1 != ?x0 ) . FILTER ( M1 != M6 ) . M1 ns:influence.influence_node.influenced M2 . M1 ns:influence.influence_node.influenced M3 . M1 ns:influence.influence_node.influenced M4 . M1 ns:influence.influence_node.influenced M5 . M1 ns:people.person.spouse_s/ns:people.marriage.spouse|ns:fictional_universe.fictional_character.married_to/ns:fictional_universe.marriage_of_fictional_characters.spouses ?x0 . M1 ns:people.person.spouse_s/ns:people.marriage.spouse|ns:fictional_universe.fictional_character.married_to/ns:fictional_universe.marriage_of_fictional_characters.spouses M6 }
TASK DEFINITION: Given a text paragraph and a fact, generate 'True' if the fact can be inferred/concluded from the paragraph, otherwise generate 'False'. The input passage contains as set of logical statements so the fact can be marked either 'True' or 'False' if the relavant info regarding the fact is present in the given passage. If the Fact can't be marked True or False from the given paragraph, mark it as False. Don't use knowledge outside the given paragraph to check the fact. PROBLEM: Paragraph: Harry is kind. Harry is white. Harry is round. If someone is furry then they are white. If someone is green and kind then they are round. If someone is green then they are blue. If someone is not white and not furry then they are not kind. Harry is quiet. If someone is green and not round then they are furry. If someone is green then they are furry. Harry is furry. If someone is not kind then they are not green. Harry is blue. Harry is green. If someone is green then they are quiet. Question: Harry is green. SOLUTION: True PROBLEM: Paragraph: Dave is big. Dave is smart. Bob is big. If Bob is nice and Bob is not big then Bob is rough. Question: Bob is not big. SOLUTION: False PROBLEM: Paragraph: If someone visits the mouse then the mouse is young. The tiger is young. The squirrel sees the mouse. The mouse needs the squirrel. The rabbit visits the mouse. The squirrel sees the tiger. The tiger needs the mouse. The mouse sees the rabbit. The squirrel is red. If someone sees the rabbit and they visit the rabbit then the rabbit sees the tiger. If someone visits the mouse and they see the rabbit then the rabbit visits the tiger. The mouse is young. The squirrel is young. The squirrel is nice. The squirrel visits the rabbit. The rabbit needs the squirrel. The rabbit needs the mouse. If someone sees the rabbit and they visit the tiger then they need the tiger. If the mouse is young then the mouse visits the tiger. The squirrel sees the rabbit. The tiger is kind. If someone is red and big then they see the tiger. Question: The squirrel does not see the mouse. SOLUTION:
False
instruction: A ploynomial equation is a sum of terms. Here each term is either a constant number, or consists of the variable x raised to a certain power and multiplied by a number. These numbers are called weights. For example, in the polynomial: 2x^2+3x+4, the weights are: 2,3,4. You can present a polynomial with the list of its weights, for example, equation weights = [6, 4] represent the equation 6x + 4 and equation weights = [1, 3, 4] represent the equation 1x^2 + 3x + 4. In this task, you need to compute the result of a polynomial expression by substituing a given value of x in the given polynomial equation. Equation weights are given as a list. question: x = 9, equation weights = [2, 4, 0] answer: 198 question: x = 4, equation weights = [2, 3, 7, 4] answer: 208 question: x = 1, equation weights = [7, 6] answer:
13
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case. Turn the given fact into a question by a simple rearrangement of words. This typically involves replacing some part of the given fact with a WH word. For example, replacing the subject of the provided fact with the word "what" can form a valid question. Don't be creative! You just need to rearrange the words to turn the fact into a question - easy! Don't just randomly remove a word from the given fact to form a question. Remember that your question must evaluate scientific understanding. Pick a word or a phrase in the given fact to be the correct answer, then make the rest of the question. You can also form a question without any WH words. For example, "A radio converts electricity into?" Example: Fact: pesticides can harm animals. Output: What can harm animals? It's a good question because it is formed by simply replacing the word "pesticides" with "what". New input case for you: Fact: food can cause illness. Output:
What is a source of illness?
Given a sentence in the Japanese and Filipino language. Your task is check if the Filipino sentence is translation of Japanese. if the translation is correct than generate label "Yes", otherwise generate label "No". Japanese: 当局はすべての会社員に屋内に残るよう警告し、そして、調査がフリンダーズ・レーンとウィリアム通りが交差する所で行われたので、フリンダーズ通り駅への電車運転は一時的に見合わせとなった。 Filipino: Ang kondisyon ng kanyang balat ay maihalintulad sa chloracne kasama ng pagkalason ng dioxin ayon sa isang British toxicologist na si John Henry.
No
Detailed Instructions: Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. These stories can be difficult due to their length and how each story has at least one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios. Note that there are distractor sentences in each story that are unrelated to the question and are designed to confuse the reader. Q: Ethan entered the bathroom. Liam entered the bathroom. The orange is in the red_suitcase. Liam exited the bathroom. Ethan moved the orange to the red_bottle. Ethan exited the bathroom. Liam entered the bathroom. Liam entered the closet. Phone rang. Ethan entered the closet. The banana is in the red_bucket. Ethan exited the closet. Liam moved the banana to the green_envelope. Liam exited the closet. Phone rang. Ethan entered the closet. Ethan is in the closet. Ella entered the closet. The banana is in the green_envelope. Ella exited the closet. Ethan moved the banana to the red_bucket. Ethan exited the closet. Phone rang. Ella entered the closet. Ethan entered the closet. Liam entered the closet. The banana is in the red_bucket. Liam exited the closet. Ethan moved the banana to the green_envelope. Ethan exited the closet. Liam entered the closet. Phone rang. Where does Ethan think that Liam searches for the banana? A:
red_bucket
Given a sentence in the Japanese, provide an equivalent translation in Lao that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is. 「イランの7000万人の人々」と名乗っているグループによる2005年3月30日の文書の中で、イランイスラム共和国の現政府に、今年の6月16日までに「権力を正当な所有者に平和裡に引き渡す」よう求める宣言が出された。
ໃນເອກະສານ ທີ່ລົງວັນທີ 30 ມີນາ ປີ 2005 ໂດຍກຸ່ມທີ່ເອີັ້ນໂຕເອງວ່າ "ຄົນອີຣັກ 70 ລ້ານຄົນ" ການປະກາດແມ່ນໄດ້ຖືກເຜີຍແພ່ ໂດຍການຖາມລັດຖະບານປະຈຸບັນຂອງສາທາລະນະລັດອິສະລາມ ອີລານ ເພື່ອ "...ຍິນຍອມມອບອໍານາດໃຫ້ແກ່ເຈົ້າຂອງທີ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ..." ກ່ອນວັນທີ 16 ມີຖຸນາ ປີນີ້.
In this task, you will be presented with a question, a word, and a POS tag. You have to determine whether the part-of-speech tag of the given word in the question is equal to the given POS tag or not. Give your answer with True or False. Here is the Alphabetical list of part-of-speech tags used in this task: CC: Coordinating conjunction, CD: Cardinal number, DT: Determiner, EX: Existential there, FW: Foreign word, IN: Preposition or subordinating conjunction, JJ: Adjective, JJR: Adjective, comparative, JJS: Adjective, superlative, LS: List item marker, MD: Modal, NN: Noun, singular or mass, NNS: Noun, plural, NNP: Proper noun, singular, NNPS: Proper noun, plural, PDT: Predeterminer, POS: Possessive ending, PRP: Personal pronoun, PRP$: Possessive pronoun, RB: Adverb, RBR: Adverb, comparative, RBS: Adverb, superlative, RP: Particle, SYM: Symbol, TO: to, UH: Interjection, VB: Verb, base form, VBD: Verb, past tense, VBG: Verb, gerund or present participle, VBN: Verb, past participle, VBP: Verb, non-3rd person singular present, VBZ: Verb, 3rd person singular present, WDT: Wh-determiner, WP: Wh-pronoun, WP$: Possessive wh-pronoun, WRB: Wh-adverb Map # 57 has its district headquarters where ? , Word: headquarters , POS tag: NN True What was the name of the show that the television program was first part of that is now the longest-running American sitcom and was previously aired in Australia by Network Ten ? , Word: was , POS tag: VBD True How tall is this American former professional basketball player born on January 22 , 1988 who is from the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana ? , Word: player , POS tag: IN
False
Q: This task is about classifying the sentiment of tweets in the Arabic language as POSITIVE or NEGATIVE. A positive (negative) sentiment indicates that the expressed opinion in the sentence is positive (negative). The input is a sentence is a sentence in Arabic and the output is the classified sentiment. الله يخزيكم عند امن الوطن مافي سلطي ولا كركي ولا طفيلي الاردن فوق الجميع قالوا بنحبك يا وطن رد عليهم الوطن بغصه حبوا بعضكم اول A:
NEGATIVE
instruction: In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY, or others, feel what is mentioned in the Tail or not. Feelings in this task are the emotional reactions on the part of PersonY or other participants in an event. For example, as a result of gift-giving, others (in this case, PersonY) might feel appreciated. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action. question: Head: PersonX invites PersonY to join PersonZ<sep>Tail: friendly answer: Yes question: Head: PersonX celebrates PersonX's anniversary<sep>Tail: loved answer: Yes question: Head: PersonX arrives just in time<sep>Tail: see the beginning answer:
No
Definition: In this task, you are given a list. This list contains many lists of integers. The list is several items written within a []. Your task is to find the maximum number among the members of each inner list. The output should be a list comprised of the maximums with the same order as the internal lists. Input: [[-191, 84, -188], [58, -44, -167, -105, 37], [-92, -44, 3, 23, 26, 37], [-107, -65, 55, 81], [-32, 58], [31, -25, -80, -152, -111, -154, -147], [-166, -135]] Output:
[84, 58, 37, 81, 58, 31, -135]
Definition: Given a phrase describing the relationship between two words, extract the words and the lexical relationship between them. The relation has to be of the type 'MemberOf', 'MadeOf', 'Synonym', 'Entails', 'HasA', 'HasProperty', 'PartOf', 'Antonym' or 'IsA'. The output should have the format: word1 relation word2. Input: low can be used with the same meaning of reduce Output:
low Synonym reduce
In this task, you are given a string with unique characters in it and you need to return the character from the string which has the maximum ASCII value. ASCII stands for American Standard Code For Information Interchange and It assigns a unique number to each character. The characters [a - z] have an ASCII range of 97-122 and [A-Z] have an ASCII range of 65-90 respectively. Q: GCaTBcfDUleYVEmx A:
x
Teacher: Given a sequence of actions to navigate an agent in its environment, provide the correct command in a limited form of natural language that matches the sequence of actions when executed. Commands are lowercase and encapsulate the logic of the sequence of actions. Actions are individual steps that serve as the building blocks for a command. There are only six actions: 'I_LOOK', 'I_WALK', 'I_RUN', 'I_JUMP', 'I_TURN_LEFT', and 'I_TURN_RIGHT'. These actions respectively align with the commands 'look', 'walk', 'run', 'jump', 'turn left', and 'turn right'. For commands, 'left' and 'right' are used to denote the direction of an action. opposite turns the agent backward in the specified direction. The word 'around' makes the agent execute an action while turning around in the specified direction. The word 'and' means to execute the next scope of the command following the previous scope of the command. The word 'after' signifies to execute the previous scope of the command following the next scope of the command. The words 'twice' and 'thrice' trigger repetition of a command that they scope over two times or three times, respectively. Actions and commands do not have quotations in the input and output. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: I_TURN_LEFT I_JUMP Solution: jump left Reason: If the agent turned to the left and jumped, then the agent jumped to the left. Now, solve this instance: I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_LOOK I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN I_TURN_RIGHT I_TURN_RIGHT I_RUN Student:
look around right thrice and run opposite right twice
In this task, you will be presented with a question in Dutch language, and you have to write the person names from the question if present. B denotes the first item of a phrase and an I any non-initial word. Phrase used for the person name - PER. There can be instances with no person name entity, then return 'None'. Waarom bij QuizPeople ? None Kristien Daelemans Kristien: B-PER, Daelemans: I-PER P. Pluym
P.: B-PER, Pluym: I-PER
Given a sentence in Korean, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Spanish that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase. 그의 부모는 그 자신이 저명한 예술가 인 돈 루이스 토란 조스와 아르헨티나 출신의 안젤리나 마이어입니다. Sus padres son don Luis Toranzos, un destacado artista, y Angelina Miers, de Argentina. 베일리는 헨리 콜 (Breakheart Hill)의 관리인으로 대체되었습니다. Bailey fue sucedido como cuidador de Breakheart Hill por Henry Cole. Dantès의 친구, Fernand Mondego (Sidney Blackmer)는 그를 감옥에 수반합니다.
El amigo de Dantès, Sidney Blackmer (Fernand Mondego) lo acompaña a la cárcel.
Q: In this task, you are given a paragraph (from a research paper) and your task is to classify each sentence of the paragraph (assume n sentence) into the following categories: Background, Purpose, Method, Finding/Contribution, or Other. Return the output in this format: 1 - category of sentence 1, 2 - category of sentence 2, ..., n - category of sentence n; where each number indicates the order of the sentence. The categories can be identified using the following questions: Background: - Why is this problem important? - What relevant works have been done before? - What did the previous works miss? - What are the high-level research questions? - How might this help other researchers? Purpose: - What specific things do the researchers want to do? - What specific knowledge do the researchers want to know? - What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test? Method: - How did the researchers do it or find it out? - What are the procedures and steps of this research? Finding/Contribution: - What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? - Did things behave as the researchers expected? Other: put every text fragment that does not fit into any of the categories above here. Put a sentence here if its not in English, is not part of the article, contains numbers and dates, is a caption of a figure or a table, is a formatting error, or you are not sure about it. Viruses are replication competent genomes which are relatively gene-poor. Even the largest viruses (i.e. Herpesviruses) encode only slightly .200 open reading frames (ORFs). However, because viruses replicate obligatorily inside cells, and considering that evolution may be driven by a principle of economy of scale, it is reasonable to surmise that many viruses have evolved the ability to co-opt cell-encoded proteins to provide needed surrogate functions. An in silico survey of viral sequence databases reveals that most positive-strand and double-stranded RNA viruses have ORFs for RNA helicases. On the other hand, the genomes of retroviruses are devoid of virally-encoded helicase. Here, we review in brief the notion that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has adopted the ability to use one or more cellular RNA helicases for its replicative life cycle. A:
1 - background, 2 - background, 3 - background, 4 - background, 5 - background, 6 - background, 7 - background, 8 - purpose
In this task, you are given a list of unique integers you need to swap the positions of maximum and minimum element in the list and return the updated list. Let me give you an example: [1,45,67,43,58,98,41,34,57] The answer to this example can be: [98,45,67,43,58,1,41,34,57] Here is why: 1 is the minimum element and 98 is the maximum element and their positions are swapped in the resulting list. OK. solve this: [66, 42, 133, 89, 419, 355, 104, 212, 452, 198, 240, 102, 496, 199, 68, 415, 364, 88, 491, 465] Answer:
[66, 496, 133, 89, 419, 355, 104, 212, 452, 198, 240, 102, 42, 199, 68, 415, 364, 88, 491, 465]
Q: You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language. Republic_of_Ireland | language | English_language Adare_Manor | country | Republic_of_Ireland Republic_of_Ireland | leaderName | Enda_Kenny Republic_of_Ireland | demonym | Irish_people Republic_of_Ireland | currency | Euro A:
Adare Manor is located in the Republic of Ireland, his leader is Enda Kenny. Irish people are the inhabitants and they speak English language. The currency is the euro.
In this task, you are given a string of characters. You need to remove duplicate characters from the string if any, and return the resulting string. plpzTuEtlZcteRrekofKr plzTuEtZceRrkofK OdINdUfcsEAYNFxAwLmjqtPwef OdINUfcsEAYFxwLmjqtPe yYJPkPxbdrLHtYbiMfUGDNB
yYJPkxbdrLHtiMfUGDNB
In this task, you are given the name of an Indian food dish. You need to classify the dish as "sweet" or "spicy". Masala Dosa spicy Rajma chaval spicy Payasam
sweet
Teacher: In this task you will be given an arithmetic operation and you have to find its answer. The symbols of operators '+' and '-' has been swapped i.e you need to perform subtraction when you see a '+' symbol and addition in case of '-' symbol. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: 5 + 3 Solution: 2 Reason: Here, '+' represents subtraction operation. So, the answer is 2 (5-3=2). Now, solve this instance: 4170 - 1679 - 3547 Student:
9396
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown an English sentence. You need to classify the sentence as either a representation of an anaphor number agreement or as an incorrect representation. An anaphor is an expression whose interpretation depends upon another expression. Anaphor number agreement is a restriction where a phrase agrees with the preceeding expression: plurals match plurals or singular expressions match singular expressions. In this task a valid representation of anaphor number agreement should be denoted as 'good' while everything else should be denoted as 'bad'. A correct representation of an anaphor number agreement will be a grammatically correct instance of a sentence where the subject and self-referencing nouns match plurality. An incorrect representation is a sentence in which the subject and self-referencing noun's plurality do not match. Problem:All men can hug themselves. Solution:
good
instruction: In this task, you are given a list of integers and an integer k. You need to add integer k to each element in the list and return the updated list. question: [257, 66, 60, 63, 98, 44, 275, 295, 272, 221, 146, 115, 282, 150, 109, 229, 227, 50, 255, 73] k=8 answer: [265, 74, 68, 71, 106, 52, 283, 303, 280, 229, 154, 123, 290, 158, 117, 237, 235, 58, 263, 81] question: [80, 158, 111, 229, 227, 195, 281, 150, 81, 221, 88, 143, 190, 245, 54, 39, 57, 132, 52, 44] k=9 answer: [89, 167, 120, 238, 236, 204, 290, 159, 90, 230, 97, 152, 199, 254, 63, 48, 66, 141, 61, 53] question: [80, 234, 88, 224, 293, 60, 263, 294, 206, 75, 217, 14, 29, 152, 221, 194, 111, 183, 155, 255] k=16 answer:
[96, 250, 104, 240, 309, 76, 279, 310, 222, 91, 233, 30, 45, 168, 237, 210, 127, 199, 171, 271]
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a list. The list is several integers and letters separated with a comma, written within a []. You can create new lists by dropping one of the items in the input list. Your task is to write a list containing all the possible lists you can make by dropping one item from the input list. For example, if the input list contains two items, you can drop one of the items each time. So the output should be a list comprising two inner lists that you have created by decreasing the items. Q: ['2', 'A', 'q', 'n', 'z'] A:
[['2', 'A', 'q', 'n'], ['2', 'A', 'q', 'z'], ['2', 'A', 'n', 'z'], ['2', 'q', 'n', 'z'], ['A', 'q', 'n', 'z']]
instruction: A text is given in Tamil. Translate it from the Tamil language to the Malayalam language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence. question: Mercy is twice blest, it blesseth him that gives and him that takes, அதாவது மன்னிப்பவர்கள், மன்னிக்கப்படுபவர்கள் – இருவருமே இறைவனின் ஆசிக்குப் பாத்திரமானவர்கள் என்பது இதன் பொருள். answer: ഗണേശ ചതുര്‍ത്ഥിയുടെ കാര്യം പറയുമ്പോള്‍ ഗണേശോത്സവത്തിന്റെ കാര്യം ഓര്‍മ്മ വരുന്നത് സ്വാഭാവികമാണ്. ലോകമാന്യ ബാലഗംഗാധര തിലകന്‍ 125 വര്‍ഷം മുമ്പ് ഈ ആഘോഷത്തിനു തുടക്കമിട്ടു. question: 40 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலாக எல்லைக் கடந்த தீவிரவாதத்தினால் இந்தியா பாதிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. அனைத்து தேசங்களும் எல்லைகளுக்கு மரியாதை அளிக்காத இந்த அச்சுறுத்தலை இன்று சந்தித்து வருகின்றன. answer: കഴിഞ്ഞ 40 വര്‍ഷമായി ഇന്ത്യ അതിര്‍ത്തി കടന്നുള്ള ഭീകരവാദത്തിന്റെ ഇരയായിരുന്നു. ഇന്ന് എല്ലാ രാഷ്ട്രങ്ങളും അതിര്‍ത്തികളെ മാനിക്കാത്ത ഈ ഭവിഷ്യത്ത് അഭിമുഖീകരിക്കുന്നു. question: நகராட்சி அமைப்புகள் உள்ளிட்ட மத்திய மாநில அரசு முகமைகள் நகர்ப்புற மேம்பாடு மற்றும் நிர்வாகம் மற்றும் இதர பகுதிகளில் சிங்கப்பூர் முகமைகளின் நிபுணத்துவத்தை உடனடியாக பெற வசதியளிப்பதே இந்தப் புரிந்துணர்வு ஒப்பந்தத்தின் நோக்கமாகும். answer:
നഗര വികസനം പരിപാലനം തുടങ്ങി മറ്റ് മേഖലകളില്‍ മുന്‍സിപ്പാലിറ്റികള്‍ ഉള്‍പ്പെടുന്ന കേന്ദ്ര-സംസ്ഥാന ഗവണ്‍മെന്റ് ഏജന്‍സികള്‍ക്ക് സിംഗപ്പൂര്‍ ഏജന്‍സികള്‍ നേടിയിട്ടുള്ള വൈദഗ്ധ്യം വേഗത്തില്‍ കരസ്ഥമാക്കുന്നതിന് ഈ ധാരണാപത്രം സൗകര്യമൊരുക്കും. ഇതിലൂടെ നഗര പുനരുജ്ജീവന ദൗത്യത്തെ (അര്‍ബന്‍ റീജൂവനേറ്റ് മിഷന്‍) സഹായിക്കും.
Teacher: In this task, you are given the name of an Indian food dish. You need to classify the dish as "sweet" or "spicy". Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Keerai poriyal Solution: spicy Reason: Keerai poriyal is spicy in flavor Now, solve this instance: Lassi Student:
sweet
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. You're given a fill-in-the-blank question where the answer is PersonX. You need to minimally change the given question so that the answer flips to PersonY. This task typically involves replacing one word i.e., the 'trigger word' with its antonym (e.g., changing from "sympathetic" to "stern"). You should not change any content in the given question beyond a word or two i.e. the trigger word/phrase. PersonX and PersonY should not be equally likely to fill the blank. For your question, PersonY should be a well-agreed answer to fill in the blank. Your generations should NOT contain potentially explicit, offensive, or adult content. Do not use the names of real people or generic names (e.g., Donald Trump, John Doe, etc.) in your question. Avoid repeating the same style or phrase in generating your modified question e.g. this task can be always solved using a simple negation i.e. by adding not, never, etc. Instead, try to increase the word diversity. Your question must contain at least 15 and at most 30 words. Your question must have at least 70% overlapping words with the given question. You must utilize the given context word while writing the question. Your question must contain only one blank. Make sure that PersonX and PersonY have the same gender. In your question, PersonX and PersonY should be used only ONCE and PersonX should appear earlier than PersonY. Although there are many correct answers, you only need to write one of them. Context Word: crochet. Question: PersonX was a craftier individual thna PersonY so _ wanted to try to learn how to crochet. Answer: PersonX Output:
PersonX was a craftier individual thna PersonY so _ wanted to never to learn how to crochet.
instruction: In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to list all the elements of A preceding the last i elements. i will always have a value less than the length of A. question: 3, ['9861', 'h', '87', 'z', '805', 'M', '513', '9101', '1595'] answer: 9861, h, 87, z, 805, M question: 3, ['Z', 't', '8689', 'j', '7065', 'g', 'i', '5261', '7243', 'z', 'Q', 'V', '9083', 'L', 'X', '4439'] answer: Z, t, 8689, j, 7065, g, i, 5261, 7243, z, Q, V, 9083 question: 3, ['1377', '9591', 'W', 'h', 'O', 't', 'N', 'l'] answer:
1377, 9591, W, h, O
instruction: In this task, you are given a string with unique characters in it and you need to return the character from the string which has the maximum ASCII value. ASCII stands for American Standard Code For Information Interchange and It assigns a unique number to each character. The characters [a - z] have an ASCII range of 97-122 and [A-Z] have an ASCII range of 65-90 respectively. question: dDFOr answer: r question: nTDIrbVlyFwPJ answer: y question: cnljeDAXFrOaZ answer:
r