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Detailed Instructions: In this task, You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
Q: Probably one of the worst buys I have had on Amazon, usually if I like a product I would give it 5 star . It’s just been like 2 plus months and this product has stopped working . One of the worst products I have seen.
A: | negative |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a news article. Your task is to classify the article to one out of the four topics 'World', 'Sports', 'Business', 'Sci/Tech' if the article's main topic is relevant to the world, sports, business, and science/technology, correspondingly. If you are not sure about the topic, choose the closest option. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Problem:Olympic training helped end siege Anti-terrorist training received by Greek police ahead of this year #39;s Olympic Games helped resolve the Athens bus hijacking, the government has said.
Solution: | World |
Question: Write a multi-choice question for the following article: Article: People in different places eat different things. In South China people like to eat rice. Sometimes they eat it twice or three times a day. They usually eat it with fish, meat and vegetables. It tastes very delicious. Japanese like to eat rice, too. They also eat a lot of fish. Sometimes they eat raw fish.It sounds strange but smells very fresh. In western countries like Britain, Australia and the USA, the most important food is bread or potatoes. People usually make their bread at home. And they cook potatoes in different ways. In England the most popular food is fish and chips. Sometimes people eat this food at home, in their workplace, in the park or even on the street. People call it "takeaway" food. In China today,there are also much"takeaway"food,and most children like to eat them.
Answer: | Question: People may feel _ to hear that Japanese eat raw fish.Options:A lovelyB surprisedC quietD niceAnswer:B |
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
Example Input: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-induced endothelial cell-specific mitogen, which is angiogenic in vivo and up-regulated in several malignancies. VEGF can be used as a prognostic marker, but the effect of surgical trauma on serum VEGF (S-VEGF) concentrations is unknown and might reduce the value of VEGF as a serum marker.', 'We monitored S-VEGF levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients undergoing surgery.', 'Eighteen patients with major surgery had slightly elevated S-VEGF compared with the preoperative level (median 9.5 pg/mL) on the first (median 35 pg/mL; P = 0.0002) and third (median 19 pg/mL; P = 0.004) postoperative day, but not in later samples. The levels measured in 8 patients after minor surgery did not differ from the preoperative levels (P = 0.14).
Example Output: 0
Example Input: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and subsequent feedback to surgeons in the management of acute pancreatitis.', 'An evidence-based Pancreatitis Proforma was developed. Data were prospectively recorded (01/06/2005-30/09/2007). Audit feedback (AFB) was performed at 9 months. A final analysis was performed comparing outcomes pre- and post-audit feedback.', '372 patients were included. Median age (range) was 57 (12-96) years. 168 (45.2%) patients were admitted pre-AFB. Post-AFB, there was a significant increase in the number of patients whose diagnosis was made within 48 hours (135/168 (80.4%) vs 189/204 (92.6%), p<0.001) and who underwent definitive treatment for mild biliary pancreatitis (33/61 (54.1%) vs 56/70 (80.0%), p=0.002). Post-AFB there was also a significant reduction in the number of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for patients with mild acute pancreatitis (23/85 (27.1%) vs 13/99 (13.1%), p=0.018). Mortality (9/168 (5.4%) vs 3/204 (1.4%), p=0.040) also decreased. On multivariate analysis, AFB was an independent factor for change in the use of CT scans (p=0.015) and management of patients with mild biliary pancreatitis (p=0.039).
Example Output: 1
Example Input: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major cancer in southern China. Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a tyrosine phosphatase that regulates growth, differentiation, cell cycle progression, and oncogenesis. We determined the clinical significance of SHP-1 expression in the tumours of NPC patients from southern China who were treated with radiotherapy.', 'SHP-1 expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting of NPC tissue samples of 50 patients and nasopharyngeal tissues of 50 non-NPC patients who had chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation. SHP-1 expression was measured in NPC tissue samples of 206 patients by immunohistochemistry and survival analysis was performed.', 'The tumours of NPC patients had significantly increased expression of SHP-1 at mRNA and protein levels relative to patients with chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation. Survival analysis of NPC patients indicated that SHP-1 expression was significantly associated with poor local recurrence-free survival (p = 0.008), but not with nodal recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, or overall survival.
Example Output: | 0
|
A text is given in Bengali. Translate it from the Bengali language to the Urdu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
سینئر جنرل نے حالیہ پارلیمانی انتخابات میں وزیراعظم کی کامیابی پر انہیں مبارکباد پیش کی۔ انہوں نےگزشتہ چند برسوں کے دوران بھارت میں رونما ہوئی تیز رفتار ترقی اور پیش رفت کا ذکر کیا اور دونوں ہمسایوں کے مابین ہمہ گیر پیمانے پر منفرد تعلقات جن میں دفاع اور سلامتی تعاون بھی شامل ہیں، کی بالیدگی کا بھی ذکر کیا۔ | গত কয়েক বছরে ভারতের সঙ্গে তার দেশের কূটনৈতিক সম্পর্কের উন্নতি হয়েছে বলে জানান তিনি। একইসঙ্গে দুই প্রতিবেশী দেশের মধ্যে সেনা এবং নিরাপত্তা সহযোগিতা নিয়ে সম্পর্ক আরও মজবুত হয়েছে বলেও সেনাপ্রধান উল্লেখ করেন। |
In this task, you are given a question and a corresponding answer. Your task is to generate a fact statement that is useful in answering the given question.
Q: Question: Camouflage can be used by animals for hunting? Answer: meals.
A: | camouflage can be used for hunting for prey |
In this task, given 2 input sentences, you must classify the relation between them. If the second sentence has a similar meaning to that of the first sentence then the output is ' B_entails_A', if the second sentence has the opposite meaning to the first sentence then it is classified as ' B_contradicts_A'. If you cannot clearly ascertain agreement/disagreement between the two sentences, the label is ' B_neutral_A'.
Example: sentence_A: man is wearing a hard hat and dancing. sentence_B: There is no man with a hard hat dancing.
Example solution: B_contradicts_A
Example explanation: The sentence B has opposite meaning as sentence_B says, "No man with a hat", but sentence_A says, "A man is wearing a hat", so B is contradicting A.
Problem: sentence_A: A dog is chasing a ball on the grass. sentence_B: A dog is chasing a ball in the grass
| Solution: B_entails_A |
Teacher: The provided file includes inquiries about restaurants in Chinese, and we ask you to translate those to English language. Please bear in mind the following guidelines while doing the translation: 1) We are looking for the most naturally written and formal form of each sentence in your language. We are *NOT* looking for colloquial forms of the sentence. We are looking for formal form which is how you would type your queries in a text-based virtual assistant. 2) The words between quotation marks *SHOULD NOT* be translated. We expect you to keep those values intact and include the quotation marks around them as well. 3) The fully capitalized words like DATE_0, or DURATION_0 *SHOULD NOT* be translated. Please keep them as they are in the translations. 4) Please do not localize measurement units like miles to kilometers during your translation. miles should be translated to its equivalent in your language. 6) Note the input is all lowercased except for fully capitalized special placeholders (e.g. NUMBER, DATE, TIME). Please do the same in your translations.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
附近是否有任何10星评价的" italian "餐厅？
Solution: are there any " italian " restaurants nearby with 10 star reviews ?
Reason: The translation correctly preserves " italian " entity and is accurate
Now, solve this instance: 搜索" billy 's barbecue "。
Student: | search for " billy 's barbecue " . |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. Your answer should be chosen from the given text, and should not contain other words.
Example Input: Hal Hawthorne: What 's Arden 's weakness ?
Sadie Hawthorne: I do n't think she has _ one _
Hal Hawthorne: Everybody has a weakness . Mine is werewolves . But that 's another story .
Example Output: weakness
Example Input: Gray Jackson: No girl should have to hide her head under a scarf .
Layla Hourani: Some girls prefer the hijab . Makes them feel protected .
Gray Jackson: Oh , yeah ? Did you wear _ one _ ?
Layla Hourani: Please . I was deep into grunge .
Example Output: hijab
Example Input: Connie Rubirosa: I told you not to get your hopes up .
Ted Sanderson: What do we do now ? We fight it . We go back to trial , right ?
Connie Rubirosa: Or we take the D.A. 's plea offer .
Ted Sanderson: Eight more years in prison ?
Connie Rubirosa: Counting the _ nine _ you 've already served , seventeen years is n't bad for two murders .
Ted Sanderson: Two murders ?
Connie Rubirosa: I have a theory . Your wife had an affair , but not with Dresner . With somebody else . You thought she might leave you , you got angry , so you called your old buddy Frank .
Ted Sanderson: What ? What are you talking about ?
Connie Rubirosa: Your old diving buddy , Frank . Frank you met in a diving class . He killed your wife for you , but in one of life 's little ironies , you were convicted on faulty evidence . And once that conviction was overturned , you got in touch with Frank .
Ted Sanderson: You 're wrong .
Connie Rubirosa: You found out he was about to get tested for cystic fibrosis , a genetic test that might bring him to the attention of the police who are still looking for an unknown murder suspect with a special disease .
Ted Sanderson: Ms. Rubirosa , it 's not true .
Connie Rubirosa: If Frank got caught , you would go back to prison , so you killed him . Like I said , it 's a theory . One that will remain between you and me , protected by the attorney / client privilege .
Ted Sanderson: But you believe it ? That 's why you want me to take a deal and go back to jail ?
Connie Rubirosa: I gave you my opinion . It 's a good deal .
Ted Sanderson: And if I do n't take it ?
Connie Rubirosa: Then we will go back to trial .
Ted Sanderson: And you tank the case . You 're gon na sell me out 'cause you think that ... I know how you people work .
Connie Rubirosa: You do n't know anything about the way I work . I am your lawyer , now same as then , and I will defend you to the fullest extent of the law . I will argue your case to the jury without reservation . That is what I 'm sworn to do . Now , you can take this plea or you can take your chances with the jury . You know how they can go . It 's up to you .
Example Output: | years
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
and that ought to suffice for me no doubt.
Output: | و این بدون شک بایست برای من کافی بوده باشد. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be given a sentence, followed by ", so". You should complete the given text with another sentence, such that the whole text is plausible. The sentence you enter must be a likely result of the given sentence.
Q: The woman's date wanted to look like a gentleman, so
A: | she got what she wanted |
Question: Is Mickey certain about whether he will join Hope in Paris? If there is no answer, please output "Insufficient information to provide an answer.". Movie title: She's the One Context: The film tells the story of two Irish Catholic Fitzpatrick brothers, Mickey (Edward Burns) and Francis (Mike McGlone) and the tribulations of love, family and betrayal. Mickey is a New York City blue-collared taxi driver, unhappy over an act of infidelity committed by Heather (Cameron Diaz), his ex-fiancée. Francis is a white-collared Wall Street stock investor, who unknown to his wife, Renee (Jennifer Aniston), is having an affair. During weekends, Mickey and Francis visit their parents who live on Long Island. Their mother is never seen on screen, while they have better time interacting with their father, Frank (John Mahoney), who always gives Mickey and Francis advice to live out their lives any way they can and to always go for what drives them to succeed. While driving his cab one day, Mickey picks up Hope (Maxine Bahns), an NYU art student with whom he becomes infatuated and impulsively marries after a few days. This causes consternation for his brother, largely because he was not asked to be best man at the wedding. Mickey moves in with Hope, but later becomes disillusioned with aspects of their lifestyle, including frequent power cuts in their ramshackle apartment. Francis is also having problems in his marriage. He is concerned that he is being unfair to Heather, his mistress, the same woman Mickey left, by continuing to stay with Renee. At the same time, Renee's Italian-American family, mostly her younger sister Molly (Amanda Peet), suggest the problem with Francis' lack of interest in her is that he may be gay, so she has Mickey and their father, Frank, confront him about it. He denies being gay, but admits to being unfaithful. Meanwhile, Francis' arrogance leads him to take potshots at his brother for the apparent lack of forward progression in his life with his wife, while Francis argues with Heather about her own sexual infidelity with a much older man referred to as "Papa". One day, Mickey picks up Heather in his cab and goes up to her apartment to retrieve a television that belonged to him...
The answer to this question is: | no |
In this task, you are given a word, followed by two sentences. Your task is to figure out whether both the sentences use the aforementioned word with the same meaning. You should respond with 'True' if the words in both sentences share the same meaning, and 'False' otherwise.
one
Sentence1: He is the best one.
Sentence2: Driver, noun: one who drives.
False.
deep
Sentence1: In the deep of winter.
Sentence2: In the deep of night.
False.
gather
Sentence1: I gather from Aunty May that you had a good day at the match.
Sentence2: Let's gather in the dining room.
| True.
|
See the conversation. DIALOG:
(A) What is the scientific name of Hemipolygona amaliae?;
(B) | Hemipolygona amaliae Hemipolygona amaliae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies. |
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
Input: Consider Input: It's the home of Catalan culture and some of the leading lights in Spanish fashion and design, boasting a clutch of the world's best restaurants and some of Europe's finest architecture. Barcelona is a world class city and its inhabitants consider it to be every bit as cultured and cosmopolitan as the Spanish capital, Madrid. However the news that it is now also the most popular destination for British stag and hen parties when they venture abroad might lead to some of its city bigwigs spluttering into their cafe con leche. A survey by Asda Money has revealed that 12 per cent of those who went abroad to celebrate their last days of freedom before tying the knot made a beeline for the Spanish city.Study found 12% of those who went abroad visited the Spanish cityAmsterdam placed second on the list of popular destinationsThe Dutch city was followed by Benidorm, Berlin and IbizaBritons average £566 in costs when they attend a hen or stag do overseas
Questions:The second most popular place according to the survey is _, with one in 10 stags and hens who'd partied overseas visiting the Dutch city. (A) Catalan (B) Spanish (C) Europe (D) Barcelona (E) Madrid (F) British (G) Asda Money (H) Amsterdam (I) Dutch (J) Benidorm (K) Berlin (L) Ibiza (M) Britons
Output: (H)
Input: Consider Input: (CNN) Police in Germany said Friday a New Year's Eve terror alert that closed two busy Munich train stations was prompted by the threat of suicide attacks linked to ISIS. It was not immediately clear exactly how the alert was linked to the terror group. Threats were made against the central Hauptbahnhof station and the Pasing station west of the city, Police Chief Hubertus Andrae said. The stations were evacuated on Thursday evening and service stopped for around eight hours. Authorities told the public additional officers were being called in to find possible suspects. On Friday, 100 additional officers were still on duty, Andrae said.The plot involved five to seven potential suicide attackersThe tip about the plot came from another country's intelligence agencyPolice asked residents to avoid large public crowds
Questions:Hermann said there were no concrete indications that a terror attack could take place in _ in the coming days. (A) Germany (B) New Year (C) Munich (D) ISIS (E) Hauptbahnhof (F) Pasing (G) Hubertus Andrae (H) Andrae
Output: (C)
Input: Consider Input: Washington (CNN) Bob Dole encouraged fellow Republicans Saturday to back Donald Trump and suggested the presumptive GOP nominee select Newt Gingrich as his running mate. In an interview with CNN's Ana Cabrera, Dole -- the 1996 Republican nominee who said he spoke with Trump last week -- also suggested Trump apologize to Arizona Sen. John McCain and New Mexico Gov. Susanna Martinez for disparaging comments he's made about them in the past. "I have been a Republican all my life," said Dole, who endorsed former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush at one point during the 2016 primary fight but has since backed Trump. "The party has done a lot for me. I hope I've done a lot for the party along the way. But when Donald Trump clinched the Republican nomination, it was an easy call for me. What's a lifelong Republican supposed to do, support the opponent? I don't think so.""What's a lifelong Republican supposed to do, support the opponent? I don't think so," Dole saidDole said he believes Trump still has time to win over women, minorities and other groups
Questions:As Trump searches for a vice presidential candidate, Dole suggested the political novice will need someone well-versed in the ways of _. (A) Washington (B) CNN (C) Bob Dole (D) Republicans (E) Donald Trump (F) GOP (G) Newt Gingrich (H) Ana Cabrera (I) Dole (J) Republican (K) Trump (L) Arizona (M) John McCain (N) New Mexico (O) Susanna Martinez (P) Florida (Q) Jeb Bush
| Output: (A)
|
Detailed Instructions: A text is given in Bengali. Translate it from the Bengali language to the Telugu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Q: రష్యా అధ్యక్షుడు త్వరలో జరుపనున్న భారత పర్యటన సమయంలో ఈ అవగాహనా ఒప్పందంపై సంతకాలుచేస్తారు.
A: | প্রধানমন্ত্রী শ্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদীর পৌরোহিত্যে মন্ত্রিসভার বৈঠকে গৃহীত এই সিদ্ধান্ত অনুযায়ী সমঝোতাপত্রটি রাশিয়ার রাষ্ট্রপতির আগামী ভারত সফরের সময় স্বাক্ষরিত হবে। |
Problem: Produce a sentence that would be considered grammatically acceptable
Answer: Who protected him?
Problem: Produce a sentence that would be considered grammatically unacceptable
Answer: Enough Sally eats caviar.
Problem: Produce a sentence that would be considered grammatically acceptable
Answer: | Handsome though I believe that Dick is, I'm still going to marry Herman. |
In this task, you are given two statements. The task is to output whether a given textual premise, i.e. Statement 2, entails or implies a given scientific fact, i.e. Statement 1. The output should be 'entails' if Statement 2 supports Statement 1 and should be 'neutral' otherwise.
Q: Sentence 1: The planets orbit around the sun. Sentence 2: Presents the latest information about the Sun, Moon, the Planets, and other celestial bodies.
A: | neutral |
Joka tapauksessa tätä kohtaa koskevien tarkistusten puuttuminen näyttäisi tarkoittavan sitä, että Euroopan parlamentin jäsenet haluaisivat myös lykätä sen käsittelyä ja käsitellä sitä vasta pian tehtävän yleisen lainsäädännön uudistuksen yhteydessä.
Which language is this? | Finnish |
In this task, you are given a paragraph and question in Chinese, and your task is to generate the right answer for the given question from the passage. Construct an answer in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is extracted from the passage, (iii) it is relevant to the question asked, and (iv) its answer is a continuous text span from the paragraph.
Q: passage : YAWL（发音为`yorl'）是Yet Another Workflow Language的简写。它是一个以对工作流模式的研究为基础而定义的工作流语言，旨在提供对绝大部分工作流模式的直接支持（传统工作流系统则提供最多六成左右的支持）。YAWL系统（通常也简称YAWL）是一个基于JAVA的开源工作流系统。它是对YAWL语言的一个软件化实现。整个系统主要由工作流引擎，流程定义工具，任务执行序列处理模块，工作流执行资源服务等组成，其面向服务的体系结构使系统具有较强的扩展性及（与其它系统的）交互操作性。YAWL工作流语言及系统最初是由荷兰爱因霍温科技大学（Technische Universiteit Eindhoven）与澳大利亚昆士兰科技大学（Queensland Ｕniversity of Technology）的学者们共同定义并开发的。此后，不断有一些集团组织如 InterContinental Hotel Group 和 first:telecom 等陆续参与此项目的开发并作出贡献。 , question : YAWL工作流语言及系统最初是由谁定义开发的？
A: 荷兰爱因霍温科技大学（Technische Universiteit Eindhoven）与澳大利亚昆士兰科技大学（Queensland Ｕniversity of Technology）的学者们共同定义并开发的。
****
Q: passage : 纽西兰鹌鹑（学名：""）是自1875年就已灭绝的鹌鹑。雄鹑与雌鹑相似，但雌鹑较浅色。纽西兰鹌鹑最初是由约瑟夫·班克斯（Sir Joseph Banks）在跟随詹姆斯·库克（James Cook）第一次旅程中描述的。第一个标本是由Jean René Constant Quoy及Joseph Paul Gaimard在跟随迪蒙·迪尔维尔（Dumont D'Urville）的旅程中，于1827年所采集的。纽西兰鹌鹑有时被认为与澳洲鹌鹑是同一物种。梅西大学的研究发现在蒂利蒂利马唐伊岛的鹌鹑并非纽西兰鹌鹑的余种，更不是纽西兰鹌鹑及褐鹌鹑的混种。研究亦发现纽西兰鹌鹑与澳洲鹌鹑有亲密的系统发生学关系，但明显是独立的物种。 , question : 纽西兰鹌鹑最初由谁在第一次旅程中有所描述？
A: 纽西兰鹌鹑最初是由约瑟夫·班克斯（Sir Joseph Banks）在跟随詹姆斯·库克（James Cook）第一次旅程中描述的。
****
Q: passage : 《夺命捉迷藏》（），日本小说家山田悠介的出道恐怖小说。2008年改编成真人版电影在日本上映。杀光全国500万姓「佐藤」的人！西元3000年某日，国王突然决定进行「要像捉迷藏一样，捉住全国姓佐藤的人」为期七日的游戏。全国100万人作为「鬼」，配备「佐藤探知风镜」的特殊的风镜，探索附近姓佐藤的人，进行追捕。被鬼捉住的人，将被带去王国的绝密收容所杀死。住在横滨市内的大学生·佐藤翼，看著父亲和朋友在自己眼前被杀，发誓要存活下来。身为田径选手的翼，为了找出年幼时离散的妹妹，在死的赛道上疾驰。「夺命捉迷藏」1周期间，翼能从鬼中平安逃脱吗？与原作相比设定上有很大的变更，比如平行世界理论的设定。制作费约1亿日圆。为2008年电影版的半年后的故事，其中有人物换角，饰演佐藤爱的演员为吉永淳，而饰演佐藤洋的演员为三浦翔平。此年度分别于5月12日、5月19日、5月26日接连上映《夺命捉迷藏 3》、《夺命捉迷藏 4》及《夺命捉迷藏 5》，由UNITED CINEMAS制作。2015年7月11日上映，由特林德尔·玲奈、筿田麻里子、真野惠里菜共同担任女主角，园子温执导。此版本与之前设定皆不同，为追杀「全国女高中生」为主题。正式上映后，才发表由斋藤工饰演片中的白发老爷爷。2013年4月9日，于埼玉电视台、神奈川电视台、千叶电视台等电视台，以「夺命捉迷藏 THE ORIGIN」的标题预定播出。 , question : 电影中饰演佐藤爱和佐藤洋的人分别是谁？
A: | 饰演佐藤爱的演员为吉永淳，而饰演佐藤洋的演员为三浦翔平
****
|
This task is about translating a given English language sentence to Yoruba language.
Ex Input:
Everytime you have writing
Ex Output:
Gbogbo ìgbà ni o máa ń ní nǹkan láti kọ
Ex Input:
In view of this ongoing natural disaster, we continue to pray for our brothers and sisters that have been affected, confident that Jehovah will become their stronghold during this distressing time.
Ex Output:
A ò dákẹ́ àdúrà lórí àwọn ará wa lọ́kùnrin lóbìnrin tọ́rọ̀ kàn torí àjálù tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ lọ́wọ́ yìí, ó dá wa lójú pé Jèhófà máa jẹ́ odi agbára wọn lásìkò wàhálà yìí.
Ex Input:
An additional 76 people are still missing.
Ex Output:
| Yàtọ̀ síyẹn, àwọn mẹ́rìndínlọ́gọ́rin [76] míì ni wọ́n ṣì ń wá.
|
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Input: Consider Input: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces microglial activation and the release of inflammatory cytokines, leading to inflammation in the brain. IRAK4, an essential component of the MyD88-dependent pathway, activates subsets of divergent signaling pathways in inflammation.', 'In the experiment, microglia were stimulated with erythrocyte lysates, and then miR-367, IRAK4, NF-ĸB activation and downstream proinflammatory mediator production were analyzed. In addition, inflammation, brain edema, and neurological functions in ICH mice were also assessed.', "Here, we report that ICH downregulated miR-367 expression but upregulated IRAK4 expression in primary microglia. We also demonstrate that miR-367 suppressed IRAK4 expression by directly binding its 3'-untranslated region. MiR-367 inhibited NF-ĸB activation and downstream proinflammatory mediator production. Knocking down IRAK4 in microglia significantly decreased the IRAK4 expression and inhibited the NF-ĸB activation and the downstream production of proinflammatory mediators. In addition, our results indicate that miR-367 could inhibit expression of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce brain edema, and improve neurological functions in ICH mice.
Output: Does microRNA367 negatively regulate the inflammatory response of microglia by targeting IRAK4 in intracerebral hemorrhage?
Input: Consider Input: Wnt proteins are important for developmental processes and certain diseases. WNT5A is a non-canonical Wnt protein that previously has been shown to play a role in the progression of malignant melanoma. High expression of WNT5A in melanoma tumors correlates to formation of distant metastasis and poor prognosis. This has partly been described by the findings that WNT5A expression in melanoma cell lines increases migration and invasion.', 'Malignant melanoma cell lines were treated with rWNT5A or WNT5A siRNA, and mRNA versus protein levels of soluble mediators were measured using RT-PCR, cytokine bead array and ELISA. The induced signaling pathways were analyzed using inhibitors, Rho-GTPase pull down assays and western blot. Ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy was used to analyze microvesicles. Gene expression microarray data obtained from primary malignant melanomas was used to verify our data.', 'We show that WNT5A signaling induces a Ca2+-dependent release of exosomes containing the immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic proteins IL-6, VEGF and MMP2 in melanoma cells. The process was independent of the transcriptional machinery and depletion of WNT5A reduced the levels of the exosome-derived proteins. The WNT5A induced exosomal secretion was neither affected by Tetanus toxin nor Brefeldin A, but was blocked by the calcium chelator Bapta, inhibited by a dominant negative version of the small Rho-GTPase Cdc42 and was accompanied by cytoskeletal reorganization. Co-cultures of melanoma/endothelial cells showed that depletion of WNT5A in melanoma cells decreased endothelial cell branching, while stimulation of endothelial cells with isolated rWNT5A-induced melanoma exosomes increased endothelial cell branching in vitro. Finally, gene expression data analysis of primary malignant melanomas revealed a correlation between WNT5A expression and the angiogenesis marker ESAM.
Output: Does wNT5A induce release of exosomes containing pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors from malignant melanoma cells?
Input: Consider Input: Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are associated with cirrhosis. Portal hypertension (PHT) and esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) can limit the patient's treatment options. Surgical therapy in such patients is challenging. We performed devascularization plus liver resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat HCC patients with concomitant EVB resulting from PHT secondary to cirrhosis. Such combined operations have never been reported for the management of HCC patients with variceal esophageal bleeding.", 'To evaluate two different treatment regimens for patients with HCC and EVB.', 'We evaluated 35 BCLC stage 0/A patients with HCC and EVB who underwent either devascularization plus liver resection (Group A) or devascularization plus RFA (Group B). We reviewed the safety and outcomes of the two groups and assessed risk factors for patient survival and tumor recurrence.', 'Significant factors for overall survival were surgical approach and Child-Pugh classification. Child-Pugh classification was the only independent risk factor for overall postoperative survival [hazard ratio (HR) 8.320, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.739-39.799, P = 0.008]. Age was the only independent risk factor for tumor recurrence (HR 4.025, 95 % CI 1.343-12.062, P = 0.013).
| Output: Is radiofrequency ablation plus devascularization the preferred treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with esophageal varices?
|
What was the response? Dialog:
Speaker A: What was the 2009 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship?.
Speaker B: | 2009 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship The 2009 Asian Women’s Club Volleyball Championship was the 10th staging of the AVC Club Championships. |
Generate a question which can yield the answer mentioned in the input. Generated question must be answered by the answer provided in input, without using any extra knowledge.
--------
Question: Context : Claude Giroux (; born January 12, 1988) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player and captain of the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Answer : Philadelphia Flyers
Answer: What team is Claude Giroux on?
Question: Context : Sigmund Widmer served as colonel of infantry in the Swiss militia army.
Answer : infantry
Answer: What organization was Sigmund Widmer involved with?
Question: Context : HD 88836 is a double star in the southern constellation of Antlia.
Answer : Antlia
Answer: | Of which constellation is HD 88836 a part?
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in French language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Problem:Question: Où entendriez-vous une clarinette basse à côté d'autres instruments à vent en bois ?
Options: A orchestre B groupe scolaire C magasin de musique D opéra E cabine de toilette
Solution: | A |
Definition: You are given an English sentence with a blank, and you need to predict the missing word. After completing, the whole sentence should be gramatically correct and non-ambiguous.
Input: marilla's ____ twitched understandingly she had expected missus rachel up she had known that the sight of matthew jaunting off so unaccountably would be too much for her neighbor's curiosity oh no i'm quite well although i had a bad headache yesterday she said
Output: | lips |
A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Hindi language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
[Q]: यह देश की सुरक्षा से जुड़ा एक महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र रहा है।
[A]: It has been an important area associated with the security of the country.
[Q]: उन्होंने कहा कि माननीय प्रधानमंत्री ने एक नये भारत की कल्पना की है, इसलिए हमारी जिम्मेदारी है कि हम इस नये भारत, एक स्वस्थ भारत के स्वप्न को हकीकत में बदलने की दिशा में कार्य करने की प्रतिज्ञा करें।
[A]: He added that Honble Prime Minister has visualised a New India and thus it is our responsibility that we take a pledge to work towards realising this vision of New India, a Healthy India.
[Q]: इस करार से नशीली दवाओं और मादक पदार्थों की तस्करी को रोकने के लिए दोनों देशों के परस्पर सहयोग से प्रभावी नियम बनाए जा सकेंगे।
[A]: | The MoU will help in mutual cooperation in regulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and in combating drug trafficking.
|
You will be given a sentence. Check whether the sentence is grammatically correct and is meaningful. If the sentence is grammatically correct, then answer with '1', otherwise answer with '0'.
Q: John is taller than Bill is.
A: | 1 |
Question: Given the following context: Finds in the nearby Karain Cave indicate occupation during the Paleolithic era as far back as 20,000 BC, and archeological evidence shows a port existed at Syedra, south of the modern city, during the Bronze Age around 3,000 BC. A Phoenician language tablet found in the district dates to 625 BC, and the city is specifically mentioned in the 4th-century BC Greek geography manuscript, the periplus of Pseudo-Scylax. The castle rock was likely inhabited under the Hittites and the Achaemenid Empire, and was first fortified in the Hellenistic period following the area's conquest by Alexander the Great. Alexander's successors left the area to one of the competing Macedonian generals, Ptolemy I Soter, after Alexander's death in 323 BC. His dynasty maintained loose control over the mainly Isaurian population, and the port became a popular refuge for Mediterranean pirates. The city resisted Antiochus III the Great of the neighboring Seleucid kingdom in 199 BC, but was loyal to the pirate Diodotus Tryphon when he seized the Seleucid crown from 142 to 138 BC. His rival Antiochus VII Sidetes completed work in 137 BC on a new castle and port, begun under Diodotus.The Roman Republic fought Cilician pirates in 102 BC, when Marcus Antonius the Orator established a proconsulship in nearby Side, and in 78 BC under Servilius Vatia, who moved to control the Isaurian tribes. The period of piracy in Alanya finally ended after the city's incorporation into the Pamphylia province by Pompey in 67 BC, with the Battle of Korakesion fought in the city's harbor. Isaurian banditry remained an issue under the Romans, and the tribes revolted in the fourth and fifth centuries AD, with the largest rebellion being from 404 to 408.With the spread of Christianity Coracesium, as it was called, became a bishopric. Its bishop Theodulus took part in the First Council of Constantinople in 381, Matidianus in the Council of Ephesus in 431, Obrimus in the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and Nicephorus (Nicetas) in the Third Council of Constantinople in... answer the following question: What is the full name of the Seleucid leader that was accepted by the location that had a port in 3000 BC?
Answer: Diodotus Tryphon
Question: Given the following context: The Peterloo Massacre took place at St Peter's Field, Manchester, England, on 16 August 1819, when cavalry charged into a crowd of 60,000–80,000 who had gathered to demand the reform of parliamentary representation. The end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 had resulted in periods of famine and chronic unemployment, exacerbated by the introduction of the first of the Corn Laws. By the beginning of 1819, the pressure generated by poor economic conditions, coupled with the relative lack of suffrage in Northern England, had enhanced the appeal of political radicalism. In response, the Manchester Patriotic Union, a group agitating for parliamentary reform, organised a demonstration to be addressed by the well-known radical orator Henry Hunt. Shortly after the meeting began, local magistrates called on the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry to arrest Hunt and several others on the hustings with him. The Yeomanry charged into the crowd, knocking down a woman and killing a child, and finally apprehending Hunt. The 15th Hussars were then summoned by the magistrate, Mr Hulton, to disperse the crowd. They charged with sabres drawn, and in the ensuing confusion, 18 people were killed and 400–700 were injured. The massacre was given the name Peterloo in an ironic comparison to the Battle of Waterloo, which had taken place four years earlier. Historian Robert Poole has called the Peterloo Massacre one of the defining moments of its age. In its own time, the London and national papers shared the horror felt in the Manchester region, but Peterloo's immediate effect was to cause the government to crack down on reform, with the passing of what became known as the Six Acts. It also led directly to the foundation of the Manchester Guardian, but had little other effect on the pace of reform. In a survey conducted by The Guardian in 2006, Peterloo came second to the Putney Debates as the event from radical British history that most deserved a proper monument or a memorial. Peterloo is commemorated by a plaque close to the site, a... answer the following question: What law was passed in reaction to the events that happened at the demonstration organized by the Manchester Patriotic Union?
Answer: the Six Acts
Question: Given the following context: Trish Devereaux-Craven, an 18-year-old high school senior, decides to throw a slumber party while her parents are away for the weekend. Their neighbor, David Contant, is given the job of checking in on the girls during the night. She awakes to the sound of her radio and gets dressed shortly before going to school. Meanwhile, Russ Thorn, an escaped mass murderer with a preference for power drills, kills a telephone repair woman and steals her van. Trish meets up with her friends Kim, Jackie, and Diane, the girls on her basketball team. A new girl, Valerie Bates, is invited by Trish, but refuses after hearing Diane talking cruelly about her. Russ watches the girls leave school from the van and a girl, Linda, goes back inside the school to retrieve a book for a test, only to be locked inside and attacked by Russ, who injures her left arm. She eventually hides in the shower room, but the killer finds out where she is because of her blood loss, and kills her before escaping to the van. That evening, the party begins as the girls smoke marijuana and talk about boys. Valerie lives next door and is babysitting her younger sister, Courtney, while their recently divorced mother is away for the weekend with a new boyfriend. Diane's boyfriend John, and two boys from school, Jeff and Neil, arrive and spy on the girls undressing. Russ attacks and kills Mr. Contant with his power drill; meanwhile, Courtney is begging Valerie to go to the party, but Valerie protests. Diane makes out with John in the car and gets out to ask Trish permission to go with him, she comes back to find him decapitated. Diane tries to flee, but is murdered also. answer the following question: What is the name of the person Russ Thorn kills in the shower?
Answer: | Linda |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, given a sentence in the English language, your task is to convert it into the Vietnamese language.
Problem:The government officials were attending the graduation of 43 students from the local Banadir University.
Solution: | Các quan chức chính phủ đã tham dự lễ tốt nghiệp của 43 sinh viên trường đại học địa phương Banadir. |
Question: Here's a complex question that requires someone to reason about the input, can you answer it? Which band did the English musician, composer, singer-songwriter, and painter who wrote the song Terrapin found?
Answer: | Pink Floyd |
TASK DEFINITION: You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Farsi.
PROBLEM: Resulta moi vergonzoso o influente que foi o condutismo, mais xa retomarei isto.
SOLUTION: شرم آور است که تا چه حد رفتار گرایی تاثیر گذار است ، حالا بازهم به آن بر می گردم.
PROBLEM: Como buscamos patróns de microARN no sangue nun momento dado, non é preciso saber que cancro buscas.
SOLUTION: چون ما دنبال الگوهای مایکرو-آر-ان-اِی داخل خون شما در هر زمان خاص هستیم ، لازم نیست بدونین دنبال چه سرطانی هستین.
PROBLEM: Pero estou a divagar.
SOLUTION: | اما از موضوع منحرف شدم.
|
Question. Context: Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 17 persons have served as chief justice. The first was John Jay (1789 -- 1795). The current chief justice is John Roberts (since 2005). Four -- Edward Douglass White, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan Fiske Stone, and William Rehnquist -- were previously confirmed for associate justice and subsequently confirmed for chief justice separately.
Question: who is the chief justice of the united states supreme court?
Answer. John Roberts
What step-by-step reasoning justifies that answer? | Reasoning: The relevant sentence in the passage is: The current chief justice is John Roberts (since 2005). |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage. The passage will not have a direct answer to the question, but can include some information and a clue for the answer. Assuming you can only obtain information about one entity in the passage, your job is to determine whether information from the passage can be used to answer the question. Indicate your choice as `a` for Yes or `b` for No.
Problem:Question: Do more than 1,000 students attend the college Wilson studied at after Oxford? Passage:Wilson was the son of Alexander Robertson Wilson, writer (or solicitor) and town clerk of the then Royal and Ancient Burgh of Irvine, and Elizabeth Wylie Murray. He was born in Irvine. He was named for a great-grandfather, John Gray, who was town clerk of Ayr, and joint secretary of the first Burns festival there in 1844; an uncle 'John Gray Wilson' had died at the age of 14. The John Gray Wilson of this article, the Sheriff, was educated at Irvine Royal Academy; the Edinburgh Academy, where he was Dux (leading scholar) in 1935; and, as an Open Classics Scholar, at Oriel College, Oxford where he graduated B.A.. In the long vacation of 1936 he contracted polio, which left him with a weakened leg and chest, and contributed to his early death. (At the time of this enforced absence, his name was used by a fantasist claiming to have been an aviator during the Spanish Civil War.) After Oxford, he attended Edinburgh University where he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In 1943 he married Nan MacAuslan, herself active in the liberal Party and later awarded a PhD by the University of Edinburgh for a Thesis on the Social Anthropology of the Faculty of Advocates. They had three sons.
Solution: | b |
In this task you are given a premise and two alternatives in Italian. You must choose the alternative that is more plausibly the cause or effect of the situation described by the premise. The input format is "premise
(1)alternative_1(2)alternative_2", the output should either be "1" or "2" based on your judgment.
Ex Input:
Ho calpestato la lattina.
(1)La lattina è stata riciclata.(2)La lattina è stata schiacciata.
Ex Output:
2
Ex Input:
La donna ha indossato gli occhiali da sole.
(1)La luce del sole era abbagliante.(2)Ha fermato un taxi.
Ex Output:
1
Ex Input:
Ho messo le mani sotto il rubinetto corrente.
(1)Il sapone si è sciacquato via dalle mie mani.(2)L'acqua mi è schizzata in faccia.
Ex Output:
| 1
|
Definition: In this task, you are given a text of news article and corresponding headline of an article. Your task is to give label "match" if headline is correct for article, otherwise give label "no".
Input: Article: Local townships are preparing for winter weather tonight, to make sure the rural roads remain safe for travel. Headline: Plug Power confirms upcoming conference call and investor conference schedule
Output: | no |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Categorize the following sentence into one of the five different emotions: anger, confusion, joy, sadness and neutral.
That sounds wonderful.
Output: | joy |
Q: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Spanish language. Your task is to translate the Spanish sentence into the English language.
Mujer de 30 años que acude a urgencias por pérdida de visión, dolor, ojo rojo y fotofobia de OI de 5 días de evolución. En el diagnóstico diferencial debes incluir todas estas patologías EXCEPTO una
A: | A 30-year-old woman who came to the emergency room due to loss of vision, pain, red eye and photophobia of OI of 5 days of evolution. In the differential diagnosis you must include all these pathologies EXCEPT one |
How similar are the following two sentences?
Declines in US stock market moderate
Tech sell-off sends Asian stock markets lower
Give the answer on a scale from 0 - 5, where 0 is "not similar at all" and 5 is "means the same thing". | 0 |
Teacher:You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Category: FORWARDS & BACK WORDS
Clue: To boast & clothing
Student: | brag & garb |
Translate the following.
English: The corporate logic that results in the shipment of foods around the world and back again, makes no sense from an environmental perspective, or any other perspective for that matter.
Spanish: | La lógica corporativa que transporta alimentos por todo el mundo y de regreso, no tiene ningún sentido desde ninguna perspectiva. |
Given a sentence in German, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in English that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Q: Charley Frazier (* 12. August 1939 in Houston, Texas) ist ein ehemaliger American Football Wide Receiver der NFL und der American Football League.
A: | Charley Frazier ( born August 12 , 1939 in Houston , Texas ) is a former American football receiver in the American Football League and the NFL . |
In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Input: Consider Input: Women wishing to enter the competition were asked to submit photos of themselves wearing headscarves.
Output: زنهایی که علاقه به شرکت در مسابقه داشتند باید عکسی از خود با روسری میفرستادند.
Input: Consider Input: Tehran: Political prisoners should be released
Output: تهران: زندانی سیاسی آزاد باید گردد
Input: Consider Input: #FreeSafy - Bahrain Arrests Blogger in Dawn Raid · Global Voices
| Output: وبلاگنویس بحرینی، در یک یورش سحرگاهی دستگیر شد
|
You are given an elementary science question along with a few answer options. List all the words from the question that are essential and sufficient for choosing the correct answer option. Keep in mind that essential words are necessary to understand the meaning of the given question. However, non-essential words provide little information needed to select the correct answer. You can think about it like this: If the question was in another language, knowing the meaning of which words were necessary and enough for you to understand the question and answer it?. If your answer consists of multiple spans of words from the question, separate those using a comma (", "). Do not generate any word that is not present in the question. Make sure that your response is contained in the given question and the words are in the same order as the question.
Grammatical correctness is not important.
Example: Question: Which type of energy does a person use to pedal a bicycle? (A) light (B) sound (C) mechanical (D) electrical?
Example solution: energy, pedal, bicycle
Example explanation: Clearly the words "energy", "pedal" and "bicycle" are necessary and enough to understand the category of the energy associated with this process, i.e. "mechanical". Other words are not necessary to inferring the correct answer.
Problem: Question: Which is a major difference between the life cycles of different types of plants? (A) the way they die (B) the energy they use (C) the way they reproduce (D) the way they make food?
| Solution: difference, life, cycles, plants? |
In this task, you will be given a passage to read. A fill in the blank question will be given to you. Your answer should fit the blank appropriately.
Ex Input:
Green background indicates win ( 2 points ) . Red background indicates regulation loss ( 0 points ) . Silver background indicates overtime / shootout loss ( 1 point ) . fill in the blank : __________________ background indicates win 2 points ) .
Ex Output:
Green
Ex Input:
N @-@ 88 starts at the Nebraska – Wyoming state line in Banner County , where WYO 151 ends , and travels northeast . The road quickly bends east after less than one mile ( 1 @.@ 6 km ) , and continues in a straight line . For the next twenty miles ( 32 km ) , N @-@ 88 intersects minor streets , through rural farmland . The route turns south at N @-@ 71 , and becomes concurrent . Four miles ( 6 @.@ 4 km ) later , N @-@ 88 turns east , ending the concurrency with N @-@ 71 . The route continues to travel through farmland for sixteen miles ( 26 km ) , where it enters Morrill County . The road crosses over Pumpkin Creek four times , and enters the unincorporated community of Redington . Two rock formations , Courthouse and Jail Rocks , become visible from the road . N @-@ 88 turns north toward Bridgeport soon after . The road crosses over Pumpkin Creek for the fifth time , and enters into Bridgeport five miles ( 8 @.@ 0 km ) later . The road intersects a railroad owned by BNSF Railway . N @-@ 88 turns northeast soon after , and ends at the intersection of US 385 and N @-@ 92 . In 2012 , Nebraska Department of Roads ( NDOR ) calculated as many as 2 @,@ 410 vehicles traveling on the N @-@ 71 / N @-@ 88 concurrency , and as few as 315 vehicles traveling east of the Banner – Morrill county line . This is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic ( AADT ) , a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year . Only the N @-@ 71 / N @-@ 88 concurrency is part of the National Highway System ( NHS ) , a network of highways identified as being most important for the economy , mobility and defense of the nation . fill in the blank : N @-@ 88 starts at the Nebraska – Wyoming state line in Banner County , where WYO 151 ends , and travels __________________ .
Ex Output:
northeast
Ex Input:
In 1997 , Fey and other members of The Second City provided voices for the pinball game Medieval Madness . In 2000 , Fey partnered with fellow SNL cast member Rachel Dratch in the Off Broadway two @-@ woman show Dratch & Fey at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City . The production was well received by critics . Tim Townsend of The Wall Street Journal wrote that the fun part of watching Fey and Dratch perform was seeing how comfortable they are with each other . He concluded that the production isn 't about two women being funny ... Dratch and Fey are just funny . Period . One of the SNL sketches , Sully and Denise , originated at The Second City . On August 13 , 2007 , Fey made a guest appearance in the Sesame Street episode The Bookaneers . She appeared as a guest judge on the November 25 , 2007 episode of the Food Network program Iron Chef America . Fey has appeared as Tinker Bell in Disney 's campaign Year of a Million Dreams . She has also done commercials for American Express and Garnier Nutrisse . On April 5 , 2011 , Fey 's autobiography , Bossypants , was released to a positive review from The New York Times . In 2011 , Fey narrated The Secret Life of Girls , a two @-@ hour @-@ long radio documentary produced by The Kitchen Sisters . She introduced stories of women and girls from around the world , and also shared memories of her own girlhood and mother . In 2012 , Fey made her rapping debut on the Childish Gambino ( Donald Glover ) mixtape Royalty . Glover is a former writer on 30 Rock , on which he worked with Fey . Fey was also featured as herself in the iCarly episode iShock America . fill in the blank : In 1997 , Fey and other members of The Second City provided voices for the pinball game Medieval __________________ .
Ex Output:
| Madness
|
Detailed Instructions: Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.
See one example below:
Problem: Paragraph: "Although the story didn’t cite the cost of appendectomy – emergency or urgent surgery – and we wish it had, we nonetheless will give it a satisfactory score because it at least cited what the editorial writer wrote, ""A secondary benefit is the savings to the hospital generated by minimizing staff and anesthesiologist presence late in the evening and during the wee hours of the morning."" As with our harms score above, although the story didn’t give absolute numbers, in this case we think it was sufficient for it to report that ""The scientists found no significant difference among the groups in the patients’ condition 30 days after surgery or in the length of their operation or hospital stay."" Although the story didn’t give absolute numbers, in this case we think it was sufficient for it to report that ""The scientists found no significant difference among the groups in the patients’ condition 30 days after surgery or in the length of their operation or hospital stay."" Despite running less than 300 words, this story did an adequate job in explaining the quality of the evidence, including pointing out limitations. No disease-mongering here. The story meets the bare minimum requirement for this criterion in that it at least cited what an editorial stated. The focus of the story was on a study comparing emergency appendectomy with surgery done up to 12 hours later or beyond. This is the whole focus of the story – and one we applaud – when it begins: ""Appendectomy is the most common emergency surgery in the world, but it doesn’t have to be."" There were no claims made about the novelty of this research, and we may have wished for a bit more context on this. Nonetheless, the potential for guiding future care decisions was made clear. Not applicable. Given that the story only pulled excerpts from the journal article and the accompanying editorial, and didn’t include any fresh quotes from interviews, we can’t be sure of the extent to which it may have been influenced by a news release.". Claim: Some appendicitis cases may not require ’emergency’ surgery
Solution: We really don’t understand why only a handful of mainstream news organizations reported this story. (At least in what we found.) The most common emergency surgery in the world. Rushing to emergency surgery may not carry any benefit. Waiting a few hours may be safer and less expensive. Why is that not a story? We applaud USA Today for finding time and space – and clearly it didn’t need to free up much space to do a good job telling the story. The story explains that as many as 300,0 appendectomies are done each year in the US. That figure alone explains why this is an important study to report.
Explanation: The output is an analysis of the claim while considering the paragraph as a reference. The output highlights the key features presented in the paragraph and explains the claim accordingly.
Problem: Paragraph: "The cover of ""The Male Brain"" by psychiatrist Louann Brizendine, known for her bestseller ""The Female Brain."" REUTERS/Broadway Books So says the author of the new book “The Male Brain,” psychiatrist Louann Brizendine, known for her bestseller “The Female Brain.” “The way Mother Nature made us, the man’s job on the planet is to look for, search for and seek out fertile females to mate with,” she told Reuters in an interview. The biggest misunderstanding women have about men is their complaints about men peeking at a woman’s figure or watching an attractive woman walk by, Brizendine said. “She doesn’t understand that this is how he is wired,” she said. “It’s not that he doesn’t love you.” Just because men ogle women, she said, it does not mean they will have extramarital dalliances like top golfer Tiger Woods or Jesse James, the husband of actress Sandra Bullock. “There is the normal range of behavior and then there is pathological behavior,” Brizendine said. “Clearly Tiger crossed over the line,” she said. “A few men like that give all men a bad name.” The best indicator to whether a man will be faithful is whether his father was faithful, as genes that cause monogamy are passed from father to son, according to “The Male Brain.” After making a name for herself as an expert on gender differences with “The Female Brain” in 2006, Brizendine said she wanted to write a bookend to that in hopes it will help couples having trouble talking or understanding each other. She says in the book’s introduction that when she told friends of her plans to write about the male brain, almost everyone replied “That will be a short book!” Indeed, the book is shorter than her previous one. While “The Female Brain” was 180 pages excluding notes and references, “The Male Brain” is a more concise 135 pages. Still, the book reveals men’s minds to be every bit as complex as women’s, as evidenced by the 124 pages of notes and references. The cover shows a brain made from duct tape — an homage to her claim that men are problem solvers. “The male brain is more of a fix-it brain,” Brizendine said. When a woman tells a man something has upset her, he is likely to tell her what she should do, she said. Instead he should say “Honey, I know how you feel,” Brizendine said. “She wants that resonance of emotional empathy.” But rather than get annoyed, women should learn the typical response is men’s way of expressing love and care, she said. Even men like Brizendine’s husband, a renowned neuroscientist, fall down in the empathy department but she has trained him well. “I put on my husband’s computer a little yellow sticky that says ‘Honey, I know how you feel,’” she said. “He says the words out loud and even though we know the words are scripted, we laugh and it does feels better.” Brizendine says she wrote both books to help patients — she runs the Women’s Mood and Hormone Clinic in San Francisco and teaches at the University of California at San Francisco — and she has been surprised by their commercial success. With both sides of the gender divide now covered, she said she has no ideas yet for another book. Her writing has led to unusual offers that she has rejected — working as a marketing consultant on selling to women, hosting a television show giving advice and endorsing women’s products from clothing to soap. Brizendine is not sure what endorsement offers will emerge after her latest book. “Let’s hope it’s not Viagra,” she said." Claim: "Male Brain"" book sheds light on how men think."
Solution: | Men are built to have a lustful, wandering eye but women should not worry that their partners will stray like Tiger Woods. |
Definition: Given a paragraph about cooking, and a set of conversational question answers about the paragraph, generate a relevant question to the topic of the paragraph. The paragraph has the prefix 'CONTEXT:'. Each conversation question has a prefix `Q:` followed by the answer prefix `A:`.
Input: CONTEXT: For protection against heat, you can stabalize the milk with starches. (eg, a white sauce made with milk won't curdle, even if you boil it). I unfortunately don't know how much you'd have to add, and of course, it'll end up affecting the texture of your soup).For soups, you're likely better off making a corn starch/milk slurry before adding the milk, so you don't have to cook it like you would flour to get rid of the raw flour taste.You may also want to consider the heat that you're cooking the soup at -- you likely want a low simmer, not a full boil. <sep> Q: If I'm using milk as an ingredient in soup, how can I prevent it from curdling? A: For protection against heat, you can stabalize the milk with starches. (eg, a white sauce made with milk won't curdle, even if you boil it
Output: | Many chicken stock based soups use milk, but they curdle. How can I offset this? |
Given a question and its paraphrases, answer the question. The answer should exactly answer all the questions given without any ambiguity. Don't give partial answers.
Input: Consider Input: Questions: ['what years did william h taft go to college?']
Output: 1874
Input: Consider Input: Questions: ['when did the dallas cowboys win there superbowl titles?', 'when did dallas cowboys win the superbowl?', 'what superbowls did cowboys win?']
Output: 1993
Input: Consider Input: Questions: ['what high school mike bibby attend?']
| Output: shadow mountain high school
|
Question: Information: - Philip Reeve Heatley ( born 5 April 1967 ) is a New Zealand politician . He is a member of the National Party . From 2008 until January 2013 , he was a member of cabinet , holding the portfolios of Fisheries , Fisheries and Aquaculture , Energy and Resources , and Housing , before being replaced in a cabinet reshuffle by Prime Minister John Key . Heatley retired from Parliament in 2014 . - The Prime Minister of New Zealand is the head of government of New Zealand. The current prime minister is Bill English of the National Party, who took office on 12 December 2016. - The New Zealand National Party (Mori: "Rp Nhinara") is a centre-right political party in New Zealand. It is one of two major parties in 21st-century New Zealand politics, alongside its historic rival, the New Zealand Labour Party. - John Phillip Key (born 9 August 1961) is a New Zealand politician who served as the 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand and leader of the New Zealand National Party. He was elected leader of the party in November 2006 and appointed Prime Minister in November 2008, resigning from both posts in December 2016. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'phil heatley' exhibits the relationship of 'member of political party'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - national party - new zealand national party
Answer: | new zealand national party |
Q: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Italian language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Question: Cosa fanno molte persone ad una persona il giorno del loro compleanno?
Options: A fare regali B ricevere lettere C sentirsi in imbarazzo D vai al club E grazie a Dio
A: | A |
Q:M: I like the red woolen one. What was said before this conversation?
A: | F: Which sweater do you like better, the cotton one or the woolen one? |
Teacher:A text is given in Gujarati. Translate it from the Gujarati language to the Oriya language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: ମୁଁ ପୁଣିଥରେ ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପତି କଗାମେଙ୍କୁ ମୋର ହାର୍ଦ୍ଦିକ କୃତଜ୍ଞତା ଅର୍ପଣ କରୁଛି । ଆହୁରି ମଧ୍ୟ 125କୋଟି ଭାରତୀୟମାନଙ୍କ ତରଫରୁ ରୱାଣ୍ଡାର ଜନସାଧାରଣଙ୍କୁ ଶୁଭକାମନା ଜଣାଉଛି ।
Student: | અને જ્યાં આગળ આવું પોતાપણું હોય, લોકશાહીના મૂલ્યો હોય, પારદર્શક શાસન હોય, ચોકસાઈ હોય અને કટિબદ્ધ નેતૃત્વ હોય તે દેશમાં કામ કરવું કેટલું સહેલું હોય છે તે આપણે ખૂબ સારી રીતે સમજી શકીએ છીએ. |
A text is given in Malayalam. Translate it from the Malayalam language to the Oriya language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Example input: SEମାନଙ୍କୁ ଗୁଣାତ୍ମକ ଉତ୍ପାଦନ ପାଇଁ ସକ୍ଷମ କରାଇବା
Example output: ചോദ്യ ഉൽപ്പന്നത്തിലേക്ക്
Example explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'To the query produce' which is the same as the output sentence.
Q: ପ୍ରଧାନମନ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଯୁବ ଅଧିକାରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ୟୁପିଏସସି ପରୀକ୍ଷା ଫଳ ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଇବା ପର ଠାରୁ ସେମାନେ ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇଥିବା ଆହ୍ୱାନକୁ ସ୍ମରଣ କରିବା ଲାଗି କହିଥିଲେ । ସେମାନେ ଏବେ ଯେଉଁ ସୁଯୋଗ ପାଇଛନ୍ତି ତା’ର ସଦୁପଯୋଗ କରି ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାରେ ସକାରାତ୍ମକ ପରିବର୍ତନ ଆଣିବା ଏବଂ ସାଧାରଣ ଲୋକଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ଧାରଣର ମାନ ବଦଳାଇବା ଲାଗି ସେ ଆହ୍ୱାନ ଜଣାଇଥିଲେ ।
A: | യുടെ വിവിധ ഭാരവാഹികള്ക്കും ധനകാര്യമന്ത്രി ശ്രീ. അരുണ് ജയ്റ്റ്ലി, കേന്ദ്ര മന്ത്രിസഭയിലെ എന്റെ സഹപ്രവര്ത്തകര്ക്കും രാജ്യമെങ്ങും ഏകദേശം 200 ഇടങ്ങളിലുള്ള ചാര്ട്ടേഡ് അക്കൗണ്ടിംഗ് മേഖലയിലെ മാന്യസുഹൃത്തുക്കള്ക്കും, സംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിലുള്ള ആദരണീയ മുഖ്യമന്ത്രിമാര്ക്കും ദില്ലിയിലെ മഴയ്ക്കിടയിലും ഉത്സാഹത്തോടും സന്തോഷത്തോടും കൂടെ ഇവിടെ എത്തിച്ചേര്ന്നിരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാവര്ക്കും എന്റെ നമസ്കാരം. |
Article:In the documentary, some relatives of the six victims said a Crown Office official had given them inaccurate information about the driver.
Lord Advocate Frank Mulholland later criticised the BBC for broadcasting "inaccuracies and innuendo".
Adam Russell said he was "stunned" by Mr Mulholland's "imprudent" comments.
The crash killed Mr Russell's 51-year-old mother, Jacqueline Morton, who was from Glasgow.
She died along with Erin McQuade and Jack and Lorraine Sweeney, from Dumbarton, West Dunbartonshire, Stephenie Tait, 29, from Glasgow, and Gillian Ewing, 52, from Edinburgh.
Another 15 people were injured when the lorry veered out of control on 22 December 2014, after the driver, Harry Clarke, blacked out behind the wheel.
In a statement, Mr Russell said: "My family have been poorly treated by the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service from beginning to end and their continued defence of an indefensible position only undermines public confidence in them."
The Crown Office responded by saying it had been concerned by the factual inaccuracies in the documentary and the lack of balance it provided.
It also said it denied the comments which had been attributed to an official.
A fatal accident inquiry (FAI) into the crash, which is due to report back early next year, heard that Mr Clarke had previously fainted at the wheel of a bus, in April 2010.
The BBC documentary, Lies, Laws and the Bin Lorry Tragedy, broadcast on 3 November heard from Mr Russell and Robyn and Lucy Ewing, the daughters of Gillian Ewing.
Mr Russell said that he attended a meeting with Crown Official David Green, just over two weeks after the Crown decided not to prosecute Harry Clarke.
He told the documentary: "David Green proceeded to tell us that Mr Clarke had had a one-off episode which occurred in April 2010 whereby he'd fainted in a canteen, in a hot environment, and this was a one-off event."
Mr Russell said that some weeks later, his lawyers were sent productions from the Crown and he learned a different version of the blackout - that Harry Clarke had fainted at the wheel of a bus.
Lucy Ewing, who was with her mother when she was hit by the bin lorry, also recalled: "We were specifically told he passed out in a canteen. No mention of on a bus."
This is viewed as significant by the relatives as Mr Clarke's 2010 faint was not reported to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA).
If, however, a driver blacked out while sitting, and if they lost consciousness at the wheel, then they would have to notify the DVLA, and could have their licence restricted.
During the documentary, the two families questioned whether the Crown Office was aware of all the evidence when they made the decision not to prosecute Mr Clarke.
They also accused the Crown Office of misleading them.
The Crown Office told the BBC documentary that it was aware that Mr Clarke had fainted on a bus when it decided not to prosecute and that all evidence was disclosed to families before the FAI.
It has since emerged, however, that Lord Advocate Frank Mullholland was highly critical of the BBC programme and defended his own staff in an internal memo that was later published in The Herald newspaper.
In the memo, Mr Mullholland criticised the BBC for broadcasting "inaccuracies and innuendo" over the Crown Office's handling of the crash.
He also described the programme as a "sensationalist documentary".
Responding to the Lord Advocate's comments, Mr Russell said: "Having read the leaked memo on Twitter last week regarding Mr Mulholland's and Catherine Dyer's response to a BBC documentary which I was a part of, I once again feel the need to speak out.
"I am frustrated that I have to do this as I feel the imprudent comments of Mr Mulholland are a distraction from the impending determination of the fatal accident inquiry."
Mr Russell added: "Given Mr Mulholland was aware that David Green did not give us the same version of events that Mr Mulholland claims to have been aware of, I was stunned to see the uncritical support of David Green."
BBC Scotland said that it stood by "the integrity and accuracy of its journalism" in the documentary and rejected "the general, but non-specific, criticisms reported to be in the Crown Office internal note".
The statement added: "Their internal note reportedly claimed that BBC Scotland wrongly said that the Crown was unaware that the driver had had an episode of impaired consciousness at the wheel of a bus when it decided not to take criminal proceedings.
"The documentary did not make any such assertion.
"What we did report was that all the families featured are certain there was no mention of the loss of consciousness at the wheel of a bus at separate meetings between them and Crown officers in March."
The statement concluded: "Throughout production of the programme, BBC Scotland engaged appropriately and comprehensively with the Crown Office and included responses they gave.
"That included a request for interview with the Lord Advocate on the issues raised - an offer that was declined, but which remains on offer."
A statement from the Crown Office said: "The Crown Office has repeatedly explained in public that we had all the relevant evidence before the decision was taken not to prosecute the driver of the bin lorry.
"We were concerned by the factual inaccuracies contained in a recent documentary and the lack of balance it provided and took steps to inform staff of the factual position.
"The Crown has consistently made it clear that the comments attributed to an official regarding Mr Clarke were denied."
A summary of the above article is? | A man who spoke to the BBC about losing his mother in the Glasgow bin lorry crash has hit out at Scotland's top law officer for criticising the programme. |
People are always talking for a multitude of reasons, the most basic is that is a way of doing what with one another?
Options:
- obtaining information
- exchange of ideas
- nose
- sharing information
- dry mouth
Let's think carefully first. Step-by-step reasoning process: | People always shares information by talking. People talk for a number of reasons but the most basic way is sharing the information with one another. So the final answer is sharing information. |
Given a passage in simplified Chinese, generate a reading comprehension question. The question should be unambiguous and the answer to this question should be in the passage.
Passage: 郑义（），原名郑光召。生于重庆，原籍四川省双流县，中国当代作家、海外异议人士。幼年在北京上学。曾参加红卫兵运动和大串连，1968年毕业于清华大学附属中学，去山西省太谷县插队，后流浪于中国东北地区、内蒙古自治区的森林草原。1974年到煤矿当木工，1977年考入晋中师专中文系。1979年以红卫兵运动中武斗为背景写出处女作《枫》，揭示了一代人的痛苦和挣扎。1981年毕业分配到晋中文联，任文学期刊编辑。以后，写有中篇小说《远村》和《老井》等，其中《远村》写的是太行旱区人打井寻源为主线表现了黄河人民的艰辛。1984年底到山西省作协筹办大型文学刊物《黄河》，时为山西作协专业作家。他的作品持有浑厚沉郁的风格和宏阔的历史感，在反映当前农村的变革生活和民族性格方面，有新的开掘和大胆的探索。六四事件后遭通缉，与妻子北明在大江南北四处逃亡，1992年至香港，翌年前往美国。2001年参与创办独立中文笔会，2002-2003年任副主席，2005年起为荣誉理事，2007-2009年任第三届会长。根据《美国新闻与世界报导》报导，郑义曾于《亚洲周刊》撰文，称林彪在文化大革命爆发后不久，从陶铸处获悉毛泽东对自己关于“政变”的讲话有猜疑，林陶二人在1966年末派黄埔四期同学萧正仪赴香港，秘晤居住香港的前国军华南补给区中将司令-{周}-游（周、林、陶、萧都是黄埔四期学生）并转交一秘函，林彪在函中倾诉自己「处危疑之局，遇多疑猜忌之主，朝荣夕枯，诡变莫测，因思校长（蒋介石）爱护学生无微不至，苟有自拔之机，或不责已往之错……」。1966年11月，该函由-{周}-游送交国防部特呈蒋经国。台湾方面对此做出秘密响应，表示欢迎，但与林彪之间联系随后中断。 | 郑义的处女作是什么？ |
Generate a question that has the following answer: Max and Kate are met by the police moments after. for the following movie plot: Kate and John Coleman (Vera Farmiga and Peter Sarsgaard) are experiencing strains in their marriage after their third child is stillborn. The loss is particularly hard on Kate, who is also recovering from alcoholism. The couple decides to adopt a 9-year-old Russian girl named Esther (Isabelle Fuhrman) from a local orphanage. While Kate and John's deaf daughter Max (Aryana Engineer) embraces Esther immediately, their son Daniel (Jimmy Bennett) is less welcoming. Kate suspects that there might be problems in Esther's background when Esther's knowledge of sex extends beyond her age. Her suspicions deepen when Esther injures another girl who had bullied her at school. Kate is further alarmed when Sister Abigail (C. C. H. Pounder), the head of the orphanage, warns her that bad things happen when Esther is around. Esther overhears this and plots to use Max to distract Sister Abigail and then kill her. Esther pushes Max into the path of Sister Abigail's car, forcing her to swerve off the road. Esther then kills Sister Abigail with a hammer, and forces Max to help her hide the weapon in their tree house. Kate is convinced that something is very wrong with Esther, but John does not believe her. Kate finds Esther's hidden Bible and discovers that it came from the Saarne Institute in Estonia, a mental hospital. She emails a picture of Esther to them and asks for more information. When Daniel learns about Sister Abigail's death, he tells Max of his plan to retrieve the hammer to prove Esther's guilt. Esther overhears this and confronts Daniel at the tree house, then sets it ablaze to kill him and destroy the evidence. Daniel falls from the tree trying to escape, and is knocked unconscious. Esther attempts to finish him off, but Max stops her. While Daniel is hospitalized, Esther slips into his room and smothers him with a pillow, stopping his heart; doctors quickly revive him. Kate realizes what happened and attacks Esther but is restrained and sedated. That night, a provocatively-dressed Esther tries to seduce a drunken...
Answer: | who are met by the police moments after. |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
Here are two questions (Question1 and Question2). If these questions have the same meaning and same answer, answer "Yes", otherwise "No".
Question1: What is your best customer service tip? , Question2: What are your best customer service tips?
Output: | Yes |
Let's say that "Billy cried because Toby wouldn't accept his toy."
Can we now say that "Billy cried because Toby wouldn't accept Billy's toy."? | yes |
Q: In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Passage: Iraq still has the potential to cause significant problems by using forces and weapons that don't yet seem fully engaged. For one thing, Iraq still apparently hasn't unleashed its stockpile of chemical weapons.
A: | What event has already happened? |
Question: As a little boy I read a book with a picture showing a man reading while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink? Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth's surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. As evaporation is its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated. Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was out of sight. It seemed as if somebody had pulled the Dead Sea's plug . Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem "The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface falls about one meter, and as the water level falls, shallow areas are left high and dry." Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have used up almost all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result the Dead Sea is being emptied. With population in the neighbouring countries to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoring the water being used in this area. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is unrealistic. Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the solution to the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores. The "Red-Dead" is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size. Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea's magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty--but for me the Dead... It can be inferred from the passage that _ . A) the countries around the Dead Sea will join hands to spare water for the Sea B) as a result of the project "Red-Dead", the Dead Sea will be two thirds larger C) water crisis is a potential threat to the peace of the area around the Dead Sea D) If the Dead Sea dried up, great natural disasters would happen in the region
Answer: | C |
Formulate questions about the information mentioned in a given passage.
context: A person is trying to roll a microwave, an egg, a book, and a mirror.
What are the things that a person is trying to roll?
context: A person is trying to stack flowers, eggs, blocks, and lamps.
What are the things that the person is trying to stack?
context: A person is trying to move a pile of balls, a pile of blocks, a pile of books, and a pile of flour from one side of a room to the other using only one hand.
| What are the things that the person is trying to move?
|
In this task, you are given an abstract of article. Your task is to generate title for this article. Preferred titles are under thirty words.
Input: Consider Input: OBJECTIVES To investigate whether statins reduce all cause mortality and major coronary and cerebrovascular events in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors, and whether these effects are similar in men and women, in young and older (>65 years) people, and in people with diabetes mellitus.
DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomised trials.
DATA SOURCES Cochrane controlled trials register, Embase, and Medline. Data abstraction Two independent investigators identified studies on the clinical effects of statins compared with a placebo or control group and with follow-up of at least one year, at least 80% or more participants without established cardiovascular disease, and outcome data on mortality and major cardiovascular disease events. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q and I(2) statistics. Publication bias was assessed by visual examination of funnel plots and the Egger regression test.
RESULTS 10 trials enrolled a total of 70 388 people, of whom 23 681 (34%) were women and 16 078 (23%) had diabetes mellitus. Mean follow-up was 4.1 years. Treatment with statins significantly reduced the risk of all cause mortality (odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.96), major coronary events (0.70, 0.61 to 0.81), and major cerebrovascular events (0.81, 0.71 to 0.93). No evidence of an increased risk of cancer was observed. There was no significant heterogeneity of the treatment effect in clinical subgroups.
CONCLUSION In patients without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors, statin use was associated with significantly improved survival and large reductions in the risk of major cardiovascular events.
Output: The benefits of statins in people without established cardiovascular disease but with cardiovascular risk factors: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Input: Consider Input: Stem cells generate many differentiated, short-lived cell types, such as blood, skin, and sperm, throughout adult life. Stem cells maintain a long-term capacity to divide, producing daughter cells that either self-renew or initiate differentiation. Although the surrounding microenvironment or "niche" influences stem cell fate decisions, few signals that emanate from the niche to specify stem cell self-renewal have been identified. Here we demonstrate that the apical hub cells in the Drosophila testis act as a cellular niche that supports stem cell self-renewal. Hub cells express the ligand Unpaired (Upd), which activates the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in adjacent germ cells to specify self-renewal and continual maintenance of the germ line stem cell population.
Output: Stem cell self-renewal specified by JAK-STAT activation in response to a support cell cue.
Input: Consider Input: Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of death of cancer patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis will provide potential drug targets. We report here that Orai1 and STIM1, both of which are involved in store-operated calcium entry, are essential for breast tumor cell migration in vitro and tumor metastasis in mice. Reduction of Orai1 or STIM1 by RNA interference in highly metastatic human breast cancer cells or treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of store-operated calcium channels decreased tumor metastasis in animal models. Our data demonstrate a role for Orai1 and STIM1 in tumor metastasis and suggest store-operated calcium entry channels as potential cancer therapeutic targets.
| Output: Orai1 and STIM1 are critical for breast tumor cell migration and metastasis.
|
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, based on a given sentence, we ask you to write a question that involves the ordering of events, i.e., the understanding of how events are usually ordered. For example, "earning money" usually appears before "spending money". Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". Note that the written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
PROBLEM: Sentence: They also operate a legal arm that assists migrant workers from Texas to Kentucky.
SOLUTION: What happens after the migrant workers get to Kentucky?
PROBLEM: Sentence: She later adopted the stage name Fontaine -- the name of her mother's second husband.
SOLUTION: What happened after she was given a stage name?
PROBLEM: Sentence: Triumph and Disaster: The 20th century saw a stupendous release of energies that had been pent up for the 250 years of Tokugawa isolation.
SOLUTION: | What happened after the 20th century conflicts?
|
Question: What would children do if they are bored? Choose the most suitable option to answer the above question. Options: - walk - change shoes - play tag - smell smoke - reach over
Answer: | play tag |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a sentence or phrase in English. You must translate it to Xhosa in a way that is equivalent in terms of meaning and grammatically correct.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Rope and its Usage
Solution: Intambo nomsebenzi ewenzayo.
Reason: 'Intambo' means rope, 'nomsebenzi ewenzayo' roughly translates to 'the work it does', which is a native way of phrasing it.
Now, solve this instance: Working with the fleet blacked out at night was always hazardous.
Student: | Ukusebenza nenqanawa ezingalayitiyo ebusuku kwaba soloko kungumqobo . |
You are given a sentence and a question in the input. If the information provided in the sentence is enough to answer the question, label "Yes", otherwise label "No". Do not use any facts other than those provided in the sentence while labeling "Yes" or "No". There are only two types of valid responses: Yes and No.
Q: Sentence: When this happened, Joe saw that he was a frog, and not an elf!.
Question: What did Isaac give Joe to keep quiet?
A: No.
****
Q: Sentence: I can get a dog or cat.
Question: What did the boy want to name the puppy?
A: No.
****
Q: Sentence: The complex has 50 temples and is distributed in two quadrangles of the Durbar Square.
Question: When did a notable earthquake occur that damaged Kathmandu's Durbar Square?
A: | No.
****
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
The goal of this task is to translate questions in Catalan into English. The requirements of the translation is that: the text must be equivalent in meaning, the text must not be ambiguous, and the text must be written as a question
Quants punts va cedir la defensa dels Panthers?
Solution: How many points did the Panthers defense surrender?
Why? This is a good English translation because it conveys the same meaning as the Catalan question.
New input: Per què és coneguda l’Alta vall del Rin?
Solution: | Where does the Middle Rhine flow between Bingen and Bonn? |
In this task, given a sentence in English Tokens, your task is to convert it into the English language
[Q]: According to Dr. Vinton Cerf , a few movie producers have talked about using filesharing such as BitTorrent for the distribution of video content .
[A]: According to Dr. Vinton Cerf, a few movie producers have talked about using filesharing such as BitTorrent for the distribution of video content.
[Q]: A group of 19 people , including local aborigines and Roads and Traffic Authority -LRB- RTA -RRB- staff , were sprayed by a crop duster in rural Australia today .
[A]: A group of 19 people, including local aborigines and Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) staff, were sprayed by a crop duster in rural Australia today.
[Q]: Also removed was a paragraph about Chris Shays raising $ 70,000 with House Speaker Dennis Hastert at a country club event .
[A]: | Also removed was a paragraph about Chris Shays raising $70,000 with House Speaker Dennis Hastert at a country club event.
|
Produce a sentence which mentions all of these concepts: city, firework, part
fireworks above a city as part of festival .
Produce a sentence which mentions all of these concepts: bay, boat, pass
boats and yachts passing in the bay
Produce a sentence which mentions all of these concepts: location, recycle, tree
| christmas trees can be recycled at one of several locations across the province . |
Answer the following question: Information: - Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America, at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. - Centre-du-Québec ("Central Quebec") is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville and Bécancour. It has a land area of 6,928.78 km² (2,675.22 sq mi) and a 2006 census population of 224,200 inhabitants. - Victoriaville is a city in central Quebec, Canada, on the Nicolet River. Victoriaville is the seat of Arthabaska Regional County Municipality and a part of the Centre-du-Québec (Bois-Francs) region. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of Arthabaska, Saint-Victoire-d'Arthabaska and Victoriaville, with the name of the latter being used for the new merged city. - In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term "tundra" comes through Russian ("tûndra") from the Kildin Sami word "tndâr" "uplands", "treeless mountain tract". There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. - An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a country's official language refers to the language used within government (e.g., courts, parliament, administration). Since "the means of expression of a people cannot be changed by any law", the term "official language" does not typically refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government. - Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. - Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. In the 2011 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada. - Montreal officially Montréal in both Canadian English and French, is the most populous municipality in Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada. Originally called "Ville-Marie", or "City of Mary," it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold snowy winters. - Toronto is the most populous city in Canada, the provincial capital of Ontario, and the centre of the Greater Toronto Area, the most populous metropolitan area in Canada. Growing in population, the 2011 census recorded a population of 2,615,060. As of 2015, the population is now estimated at 2,826,498, making Toronto the fourth-largest city in North America based on the population within its city limits. Toronto trails only Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles by this measure, while it is the fifth-largest (behind also Chicago) if ranked by the size of its metropolitan area . An established global city, Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and widely recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world. - Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton. - Drummondville is a city in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, located east of Montreal on the Saint-François River. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 71,852. The mayor of Drummondville is Alexandre Cusson. - Quebec City (pronounced or ) officially Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. In 2015 the city had a population estimate of 545,485, and the metropolitan area had a population of 806,400, making it Canada's seventh-largest metropolitan area and Quebec's second-largest city after Montreal, which is about to the southwest. - Saint - Norbert - d'Arthabaska is a municipality located in the Centre - du - Québec region of Quebec , Canada . - FOREST (short for "Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity. - Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the OttawaGatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). The 2011 census reported a population of 883,391, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada; and 1,236,324 within the CMA, making it the fourth-largest CMA in Canada. The City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015. - The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada which all lie further to the west. - Quebec (pronounced or ) is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. - Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province. After reading the paragraphs above, we are interested in knowing the entity with which 'saint-norbert-d'arthabaska' exhibits the relationship of 'located in the administrative territorial entity'. Find the answer from the choices below. Choices: - alpine - arthabaska regional county municipality - british columbia - calgary - canada - capital region - central - centre - cordillera - drummondville - edmonton - edmonton capital region - forest - freedom - hamilton - los angeles - mainland - manitoba - mary - mexico city - montreal - montréal - most - mount royal - mountain - national capital region - new york - north america - of - ontario - ottawa - province of canada - quebec - river - saskatchewan - sierra nevada - south - toronto - united kingdom - vancouver - victoriaville - winnipeg
Answer: | arthabaska regional county municipality |
Q: In this task, you will be given two sentences sentence1 and sentence2. You should decide whether the second sentence is entailed(agreed) by the first sentence. If it does entail, answer "yes", else answer "no".
sentence1:organization_member is sending into location sentence1:organization_member is wanting in location
A: | no |
Instructions: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
Input: The Green Revolution has brought enormous impacts to the planet. Natural landscapes have been altered to create farmland and cities. Already, half of the ice-free lands have been converted to human uses. Estimates are that by 2030, that number will be more than 70%. Forests and other landscapes have been cleared for farming or urban areas. Rivers have been dammed and the water is transported by canals for irrigation and domestic uses. Ecologically sensitive areas have been altered: wetlands are now drained and coastlines are developed. Modern agricultural practices produce a lot of pollution (Figure 1.1). Some pesticides are toxic. Dead zones grow as fertilizers drain off farmland and introduce nutrients into lakes and coastal areas. Farm machines and vehicles used to transport crops produce air pollutants. Pollutants enter the air, water, or are spilled onto the land. Moreover, many types of pollution easily move between air, water, and land. As a result, no location or organism not even polar bears in the remote Arctic is free from pollution. The increased numbers of people have other impacts on the planet. Humans do not just need food. They also need clean water, secure shelter, and a safe place for their wastes. These needs are met to different degrees in different nations and among different socioeconomic classes of people. For example, about 1.2 billion of the worlds people do not have enough clean water for drinking and washing each day (Figure 1.2). The addition of more people has not just resulted in more poor people. A large percentage of people expect much more than to have their basic needs met. For about one-quarter of people there is an abundance of food, plenty of water, and a secure home. Comfortable temperatures are made possible by heating and cooling systems, rapid trans- portation is available by motor vehicles or a well-developed public transportation system, instant communication takes place by phones and email, and many other luxuries are available that were not even dreamed of only a few The percentage of people in the world that live in abject poverty is decreasing some- what globally, but increasing in some re- gions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa. decades ago. All of these require resources in order to be produced, and fossil fuels in order to be powered (Figure Many people refer to the abundance of luxury items in these peoples lives as over-consumption. People in developed nations use 32 times more resources than people in the developing countries of the world. Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL:
Output: | which of these regions is experiencing an increase in abject poverty? |
Problem: Given the question: Given the question "Where does this conversation take place?" and the answer "In a hotel.", write a conversation that might have happened.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
W: Yes, sir. May I help you?M: I have a reservation for tonight. John Durgin.W: Just a moment, please. Let me check. That's right. You have a reservation for a two-room suite for tonight.M: I'm afraid there's been a mistake. I only reserve a single room, not a suite.W: I'm sorry, Mr. Durgin, but this is what is available. Your reservation arrived too late to have a single. There's a large conference in town this week and we're full up.M: Well, if that's the way it is, I'll have to take it.W: Please sign the register here. Your suite is 526.M: Thank you.W: The lift is on your right, sir, and I'll have your bags sent up in a moment.M: Fine, thanks.
input question: Given the question "What does the man usually do on Saturdays?" and the answer "He usually works at home.", write a conversation that might have happened.???
output answer: W: You're always working around the house on Saturday, painting and doing repairs. You must enjoy it.M: Not really. I'd rather relax or go fishing, but Saturday is the only day I have to get anything done. By the time I get home from work during the week, I'm too tired.
Given the question "Where is the man's house?" and the answer "Across from the park.", write a conversation that might have happened.
----
Answer: W: How can I get to your house?M: Oh, it's very easy. My house is only five minutes' walk from the station. Turn right outside the station, and then it's the third street on the left. You can't miss it. It's got the number on the gate. It's exactly opposite the park.W: I see. Thanks.
Q: Given the question "What is probably the woman's job?" and the answer "Am embassy staff.", write a conversation that might have happened.
A: W: Why don't you sit down? Now, there are several questions I must ask, if you don't mind.M: Not at all. Go ahead.W: What is the purpose of your visit to the States?M: I'm going to attend a conference on air pollution.W: When and where is this conference being held?M: It's being held in the first three weeks of February at the University of Stanford in California.W: Who will pay your expenses?M: The University of California. Here is the official letter of invitation.W: I see. Fine. When do you want to go?M: I'd like to leave in mid-January if my passport is ready by then.W: That shouldn't be difficult. Why don't you phone me about January 10th? I should be able to give you an answer then.M: Thank you.
Question: Given the question "Where will the father and son go after the housework is done?" and the answer "out to eat", write a conversation that might have happened.
Answer: Son: Dad. Can I go outside to play?Dad: Well, did you get you Saturday's work done?Son: Ah, Dad. Do I have to?Dad: Well, you know the rules. No playing until the work is done.Son: So, what is my work?Dad: Well, first you have to clean the bathroom including the toilet. And don't forget to scrub the bathtub.Son: No, I want to do the family room.Dad: Well, okay, but you have to vacuum the family room and the hall, and be sure to dust everything. Oh, and don't forget to wipe the walls and clean the baseboards. [Okay.] And after that. [Oh, no.] Next, sweep and mop the kitchen floor and be sure to polish the table in the living room.Son: Okay. Okay.Dad: And make your bed and pick up all your toys and put them away. And ...Son: More?Dad: Yeah. And then, how about going out for lunch and getting a big milk shake, but you probably don't want to do that.Son: No, No. I want to.Dad: Okay. While you're doing your work, I'll be out in the yard raking leaves and pulling weeds.
Please answer this: Given the question "What can we learn about the woman from the dialogue?" and the answer "She won't join the swimming team.", write a conversation that might have happened.
++++++++
Answer: | M: Are you going to join the school swimming team this term?W: Swimming takes up too much of my time. |
Teacher:Given a sentence in English, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Spanish that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Glen Sheil was born in Sydney and moved to Queensland in a young age .
Student: | Glen Sheil nació en Sydney y se mudó a Queensland a una edad temprana. |
Question: Information: - Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition. - Soweto is a township of the city of Johannesburg in Gauteng, South Africa, bordering the city's mining belt in the south. Its name is an English syllabic abbreviation for "South Western Townships". Formerly a separate municipality, it is now incorporated in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Suburbs of Johannesburg. - The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of the earth that is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, England) and west of the antimeridian. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, in contrast with the Western Hemisphere, which includes North and South America. This hemisphere may also be called the "Oriental Hemisphere". In addition, it may be used in a cultural or geopolitical sense as a synonym for the "Old World". - Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland (or ; Swazi: "Umbuso weSwatini"; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini), is a sovereign state in Southern Africa. It is neighboured by Mozambique to its northeast and by South Africa to its north, west and south. The country and its people take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified. - South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry. - Gauteng, which means "place of gold", is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. It was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first all-race elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named PretoriaWitwatersrandVereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994. - Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German: ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations. - Multiracial is defined as made up of or relating to people of many races. Many terms exist for people of various multiracial backgrounds. While some of the terms used in the past are considered insulting and offensive, there are many socially acceptable modern terms that multiracial people identify with. These include "mixed-race" (or simply "mixed"), "biracial", "multiracial", "métis", "mestizo", "mulatto", "dougla", and "pardo". - Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara desert. According to the UN, it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara. It contrasts with North Africa, whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world. Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa, but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world. - Mining is extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposits. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner. - The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World". - Orlando is a township in the urban area of Soweto , in the city of Johannesburg ( South Africa ) . It is the most densely populated area of South Africa . The township was founded in 1931 and named after Edwin Orlando Leake , Mayor of Johannesburg from 1925 to 1926 . It is divided in two main areas : Orlando West and Orlando East . - The Bantu languages, technically the Narrow Bantu languages (as opposed to "Wide Bantu", a loosely defined categorization which includes other Bantoid languages), constitute a traditional branch of the NigerCongo languages. There are about 250 Bantu languages by the criterion of mutual intelligibility, though the distinction between language and dialect is often unclear, and "Ethnologue" counts 535 languages. Bantu languages are spoken largely east and south of present-day Cameroon, that is, in the regions commonly known as Central Africa, Southeast Africa, and Southern Africa. Parts of the Bantu area include languages from other language families (see map). - The suburbs of Johannesburg are officially demarcated areas within the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. As in other Commonwealth countries, the term "suburb" refers to a "neighbourhood", although the term has a somewhat stronger meaning in South Africa as most (but not all) "suburbs" have legally recognised borders (see legal definition of township) and often (but not always) separate postal codes. The municipal functions for the area, such as municipal policing and social services, are still managed by either the local region or the city government. - Johannesburg (also known as Jozi, Joburg and eGoli) is the largest city in South Africa and is one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world. It is the provincial capital of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court. The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade. - Botswana , officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens refer to themselves as "Batswana" (singular: "Motswana"). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections. - Lesotho, officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is an enclaved, landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa. It is just over in size and has a population slightly over two million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. - Mozambique (or ), officially the Republic of Mozambique (or "") is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is Maputo (known as "Lourenço Marques" before independence). - The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as "Ratnkara", ""the mine of gems"" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as "Hind Mahsgar", ""the great Indian sea"", in Hindi. - Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries. The term "southern Africa" or "Southern Africa", generally includes Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power. - The Old World consists of Africa, Europe, and Asia, regarded collectively as the part of the world known to Europeans before contact with the Americas. It is used in the context of, and contrast with, the New World (Americas). - Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west and southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east and northeast. Although it does not border Namibia, less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly 13 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. - The Witwatersrand aka The Reef, is a 56-kilometre-long north-facing scarp in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It consists of a hard, erosion-resistant quartzite sedimentary rock, over which several north-flowing rivers form waterfalls, which account for the name Witwatersrand, meaning the ridge of white waters in Afrikaans. This eastwest-running scarp can be traced with only one short gap from Bedfordview (about 10 km west of O.R. Tambo International Airport) in the east, through Johannesburg and Roodepoort, to Krugersdorp in the west (see the diagram bottom-left below). - The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Given the paragraphs above, decide what entity has the relation 'located in the administrative territorial entity' with 'city of johannesburg metropolitan municipality'.
Answer: | orlando |
You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to find the correct answer (and return the string of the correct option, not option1/2) for the given question from the given options and based on the given passage. Answer of the question can be found directly from the passage.
[Q]: Passage: My family and I always go to Florida for Christmas because that is where my grandparents live . First , we look at the calendar and pick out the dates we want to go . Then , we look online and price out flights . We want to make sure we get the very best deal ! After the flights are booked , then we book a hotel . The night before we leave we make sure we have our suitcases packed . The morning that we leave , we drop the dog off at the boarders and drive to the airport . When we land , we call my grandparents and let them know we made it safely and we take a cab to the hotel . Once there , we make arrangements to meet up with my grandparents and everyone has a good time . Question: What do they board to go to Florida? Option1: the train Option2: airplane
[A]: airplane
[Q]: Passage: Yesterday , I went to the local grocery store to get groceries for the week . I drove to the store , pulled out a cart , and entered the store . After getting all the items on my grocery list , I went to the checkout line . After they were all scanned , the cost of the items appeared on the card scanner facing me . I take my credit card out of my wallet and swipe it through the card scanner in a downward motion . After swiping my card , the card scanner asks me if the displayed amount is correct . I hit " Yes " on the card scanner and then it moves to the next display screen , asking for a signature . I use a tiny plastic pen attached to the card scanner to sign directly on the scanner and hit " Enter . " The cashier tears the receipt from the machine and hands it to me , while also wishing me a good day . I say " Thank you , " and leave the store with my groceries . Question: When did the person hit enter? Option1: When the cashier gave them the receipt. Option2: after signing
[A]: after signing
[Q]: Passage: Last week , I decided that I wanted a skirt like no one else ’s . Since I did n’t want to take a chance that someone else would buy the same skirt that I did , I decided that I could ensure that I had a unique garment by making it myself . When I went to the fabric store , I spent a long time looking through all the bolts of beautiful cloth . When I came across a bolt of softly flowing blue and yellow paisley , I knew I did n’t need to look any further . Then I spent an equally long amount of time browsing through the many pattern books that lined the tables at the back of the store . After I checked out of the store , I rushed home , anxious to begin the process of creating my gorgeous skirt ! Luckily the pattern was not too difficult for my sewing skills , and after a few days of cutting , pinning and stitching , I was able to show off my unique and beautiful skirt to the world ! Question: When did she settle on the fabric she liked? Option1: After a bolt of soft blue and yellow paisley was found. Option2: after taking a few days to think
[A]: | After a bolt of soft blue and yellow paisley was found.
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Tamil language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Shri Radha Mohan Singh today met Ms
Solution: தொழிற்சங்க வேளாண் மற்றும் விவசாயிகள் நலத்துறை அமைச்சர் ஸ்ரீ ராதா மோகன் சிங் இன்று எம்.எஸ்
Why? Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Shri Radha Mohan Singh today met Ms' which is the same as the output sentence.
New input: Preparatory meeting for the First National Summit on Invest in AYUSH held
Solution: | ஆயுஷ் முதலீட்டுக்கான முதலாவது தேசிய உச்சி மாநாடு குறித்த தயாரிப்புக் கூட்டம் |
Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
[Q]: Embattled Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski says he did "earn some money" as a result of services his private consulting firm provided to the Brazilian construction company entangled in Latin America's biggest corruption scandal.
In an hour-long interview with Peruvian media Sunday Kuczynski repeated earlier assertions that he had no involvement in the Westfield Capital firm when Odebrecht-led consortiums made $782 000 in payments over a decade ago.
But Kuczynski did acknowledge that as a shareholder in the company he would have benefited from any profits that resulted.
Peru's congress has initiated impeachment proceedings against Kuczynski on grounds that he displayed "moral incapacity." Opposition lawmakers say Kuczysnki should have disclosed the payments.
Kuczynski was a government minister at the time some of the payments were made.
[A]: Peru president: Odebrecht payments did bring ' some money'
[Q]: In a statement Akayed Ullah's family also says it's outraged by the way it was targeted by law enforcement including pulling a teenage relative from class and questioning him without a parent guardian or attorney present. The family says it expects more from the justice system.
The statement was released on behalf of the family by Albert Fox Cahn legal director for the Council on American-Islamic Relations in New York.
Authorities have identified the attacker as Akayed Ullah an immigrant from Bangladesh.
Authorities have identified the attacker as 27-year-old Akayed Ullah. The blast in an underground subway corridor during the Monday morning rush hour injured three people as well as Ullah.
Authorities identified the attacker as 27-year-old Akayed Ullah. Monday's explosion injured him slightly wounded three other people and sent commuters fleeing in terror through a subway corridor near Times Square.
The officials say Akayed Ullah was living in Brooklyn. They say he told investigators Monday he was inspired by the Islamic State group to carry out an attack but had no direct contact with the terror group. They say he is speaking with investigators from his hospital bed. The suspect had burns on his abdomen and also to his hands
Officials say he assembled the crude device in his apartment. Investigators are talking to witnesses and his family.
Law enforcement officials tell The Associated Press that Akayed Ullah was inspired by the Islamic State Group but apparently had no direct contact with the terrorist group. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly about the suspect or incident.
Law enforcement officials tell The Associated Press that Akayed Ullah was inspired by the Islamic State Group but apparently had no direct contact with the terrorist group. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly about the suspect or incident.
Police say he attached the device to his body with Velcro and zip ties.
Twenty-seven-year-old Akayed Ullah is in police custody. Officials say he sustained burns to his abdomen and hands and cuts after the crude pipe bomb exploded.
Law enforcement officials say Ullah was inspired by the Islamic State but apparently had no direct contact with the terrorist group. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly about the suspect or incident.
Police say Akayed Ullah intentionally exploded the crude device in a passageway under Times Square during the morning rush hour Monday. They say he is in custody. They say the device is a crudely-made pipe bomb.
[A]: The Latest: Suspect's family heartbroken saddened by attack
[Q]: Markle's former side hustle could come in handy for her upcoming nuptials. In fact in 2013 the actress told Esquire that she used her calligraphy skills to write singer Robin Thicke and actress Paula Patton's wedding invites. She also used her skills to freelance for luxury brands.
As a soon-to-be resident of Kensington Palace Markle no longer has to worry about using her calligraphy skills to make ends meet.
"It was just an amazing surprise. It was so sweet and natural and very romantic. He got on one knee " Markle said.
The two met for the first time in London in July 2016 through a mutual friend. They were spotted for the first time together last September at the Invictus Games with Markle 's mother reports Time. In a Vanity Fair cover story this October Markle confirmed her relationship with Prince Harry saying "We're in love."
[A]: | Meghan Markle's former side hustle may be useful at her royal wedding
|
In this task, you are given a dialogue from a conversation between an agent and a customer. Your task is to determine the speaker of the dialogue. Answer with "agent" or "customer".
Q: My travelling dates are 03/14 and return on 03/16.
A: | customer |
Context: Coming off their divisional home win over the Cardinals, the 49ers flew to the Edward Jones Dome for a Week 2 divisional duel against their NFC West rival, the St. Louis Rams. In the first quarter, the Niners trailed early as Rams QB Marc Bulger completed a 12-yard TD pass to WR Torry Holt for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, San Francisco would tie the game up with RB Frank Gore getting a 1-yard TD run. St. Louis would take the halftime lead with kicker Jeff Wilkins getting a 29-yard field goal In the third quarter, the 49ers took the lead with Gore breaking through a gang of tacklers for a 43-yard TD run, along with the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, the Rams retook the lead with Wiklins getting a 53-yard field goal. Fortunately, thanks to a St. Louis goof-up on special teams, the Niners took the lead with kicker Joe Nedney getting a 40-yard field goal. Near the end the game, the Rams had one last chance to win the game. Fortunately for San Francisco, Wilkins' 56-yard field goal attempt fell about a yard short of the crossbar. With the win, the 49ers improved to 2-0 for the first time since 1998. Q1 - STL - 6:04 - 12-yard TD pass from Marc Bulger to Torry Holt (Wilkins kick) (STL 7-0) Q2 - SF - 14:57 - Frank Gore 1-yard TD run (Nedney kick) (7-7) Q2 - STL - 9:04 - Jeff Wilkins 27-yard FG (STL 10-7) Q2 - STL - 1:51 - Jeff Wilkins 29-yard FG (STL 13-7) Q3 - SF - 2:43 - Frank Gore 43-yard TD run (Nedney kick) (SF 14-13) Q4 - STL - 10:04 - Jeff Wilkins 53-yard FG (STL 16-14) Q4 - SF - 3:23 - Joe Nedney 40-yard FG (SF 17-16)
Question: How did the 49ers take the lead in the fourth quarter?
Answer: | Joe Nedney |
In this task, you are given a passage and a question regarding that passage. You must determine whether or not the question is answerable from the given passage. If a question is answerable, output should be 'True', otherwise 'False'. You must not consider any other information that is not provided in the passage while labelling True or False.
Passage: Ctenophora (/tᵻˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide. Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia. Adults of various species range from a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size. Like cnidarians, their bodies consist of a mass of jelly, with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores, these layers are two cells deep, while those in cnidarians are only one cell deep. Some authors combined ctenophores and cnidarians in one phylum, Coelenterata, as both groups rely on water flow through the body cavity for both digestion and respiration. Increasing awareness of the differences persuaded more recent authors to classify them as separate phyla. Question: What does ctenophora use for digestion and respiration?
True
Passage: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43/53. Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and UNEP. The IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is the main international treaty on climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic [i.e., human-induced] interference with the climate system". IPCC reports cover "the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation." Question: What organization was responsible for setting up the IPCC?
False
Passage: For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates. For example, friction is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms, but manifests as a force model that is independent of any macroscale position vector. Nonconservative forces other than friction include other contact forces, tension, compression, and drag. However, for any sufficiently detailed description, all these forces are the results of conservative ones since each of these macroscopic forces are the net results of the gradients of microscopic potentials. Question: Conservative forces include what?
| False
|
In this task, you need to provide the parts-of-speech tag of a word present in a sentence specified within curly braces ( '{{ ... }}' ). The parts-of-speech tags are coarse labels that represent a category of words with similar grammatical properties. The list of part-of-speech tags i.e tagset of this corpus is -
'.': Period symbol is used for symbols denoting Punctuations/Separations such as comma, period, backticks etc.,
'ADJ': Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes,
'ADP': Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions,
'ADV': Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner,
'CONJ': A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause,
'DET': Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context,
'NOUN': Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea,
'NUM': A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction,
'PRT': Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech,
'PRON': Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context,
'PROPN': A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object,
'VERB': A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause,
'X': The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.
One example: Sentence: `` Then I return to the United States for engagements at the Hollywood Bowl and in Philadelphia '' , he added {{ . }}
Word: .
Solution is here: .
Explanation: '--' is assigned the period (.) symbol since it denotes a separation.
Now, solve this: Sentence: `` I will , kitten '' {{ ! }} !
Word: !
Solution: | . |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Gujarati language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
ગાંધીજી ભારતને એક એવા સર્વસમાવેશક રાષ્ટ્ર સ્વરૂપે જોતાં હતાં, જ્યાં વસતિનો દરેક વર્ગ સમાનતા સાથે રહેતો હોય અને દરેક માટે સમાન તક ઉપલબ્ધ હોય
Solution: Gandhiji looked India as a universal nation, where every class of the population lives with equality and is available for each opportunity for everyone
Why? Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'Gandhiji looked India as a universal nation, where every class of the population lives with equality and is available for each opportunity for everyone' which is the same as the output sentence.
New input: પ્રધાનમંત્રીએ કહ્યું કે તેમની પ્રતિમાનું અનાવરણ કરતા તેમને ગૌરવનો અનુભવ થઇ રહ્યો છે.
Solution: | PM said that he felt proud to unveil his statue. |
Given a sentence in the Filipino, provide an equivalent translation in Japanese that retains the same meaning through the translation. In translation, keep numbers as it is.
Q: Ayon sa mga naninirahan sa paligid ng bulkan napatalsik ang mga bato dahil sa napakalaking puwersa sa pinakawalan nang lumitaw ang ulap ng abo.
A: | 火山周辺に住む人々によると、岩は灰の雲が現れたのと同時に放出された巨大な圧力によって放出された。 |
Given the question: Suggest a movie title for the following movie plot: The movie opens with a pair of middle-aged men walking through some kind of facility discussing mundane details about marriage and potential children, while a younger woman in a lab coat is trying to inform them about an incident at the Stockholm facility. The two men are not particularly concerned about what she is telling them. They mention that the facility in Japan will get the job done, and that their U.S. facility usually comes in second place. As they board a golf cart and drive off, the younger of the two men invites the older one to come over to his house for the upcoming weekend.The scene shifts to a room in a college town where Dana (Kristen Connolly) and Jules (Anna Hutchison) are talking about school. Apparently, Dana had an affair with one of her professors and it ended badly. Jules's boyfriend Curt (Chris Hemsworth) walks in and throws a football at the girls. It flies out the window and Curt's friend Holden (Jesse Williams), a fix-up for Dana, catches it down below. The guys are there to pick up the girls for a long weekend at a lakeside cabin that Curt's cousin owns. Dana finishes packing and they all go downstairs to pack up the RV. They are about to leave when their friend Marty pulls up in his car smoking pot from a huge bong that converts into a travel mug.We cut back to video screens in the previously seen facility where the two middle-aged men, Sitterson (Richard Jenkins) and Hadley (Bradley Whitford), are watching all of this happen. Apparently, they have been drugging the kids through various means (hair dye for Jules, Marty's stash, etc.) but they don't say why.The group is close to the cabin when they stop for gas and directions. The attendant, Mordecai (Tim DeZarn), is old, unfriendly, and more than a little bit crazy. He tells them that they will have no problem getting to the cabin, it's the getting back they should be worried about. The kids laugh at him, he becomes sarcastic and aggressive, and there's almost a fight when he refers to Jules as a whore. Instead, everyone gets...
The answer is: | The Cabin in the Woods |
In this task, you are given a paragraph, and your task is to construct a question from the given passage. Construct question in such a way that (i) it is well explained in the paragraph, (ii) the words may/may not be present in the paragraph, (iii) it should start with what/how/describe. Avoid creating a question that (i) is just relevant to one or two sentences, and (ii) not relevant to passage.
Q: Air rises. Rising air cools. Water vapor forms. Water vapor condenses. Clouds form.
A: | How are clouds formed? |
Question: Information: - Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy. His books have sold more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television shows, and comic books. King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and six non-fiction books. He has written nearly 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections. Many of his stories are set in his home state of Maine. His novella "Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption" was the basis for the movie "The Shawshank Redemption" which is widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time. - Continental philosophy is a set of 19th- and 20th-century philosophical traditions from mainland Europe. This sense of the term originated among English-speaking philosophers in the second half of the 20th century, who used it to refer to a range of thinkers and traditions outside the analytic movement. Continental philosophy includes the following movements: German idealism, phenomenology, existentialism (and its antecedents, such as the thought of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche), hermeneutics, structuralism, post-structuralism, French feminism, psychoanalytic theory, and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and related branches of Western Marxism. - Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for analyzing literature. However, literary scholarship since the 19th century often includesin addition to, or even instead of literary theory in the strict senseconsiderations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social prophecy, and other interdisciplinary themes which are of relevance to the way humans interpret meaning. In humanities in modern academia, the latter style of scholarship is an outgrowth of critical theory and is often called simply "theory." As a consequence, the word "theory" has become an umbrella term for a variety of scholarly approaches to reading texts. Many of these approaches are informed by various strands of Continental philosophy and sociology. - Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman (born Neil Richard Gaiman, 10 November 1960) is an English author of short fiction, novels, comic books, graphic novels, audio theatre, and films. His notable works include the comic book series "The Sandman" and novels "Stardust", "American Gods", "Coraline", and "The Graveyard Book". He has won numerous awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker awards, as well as the Newbery and Carnegie medals. He is the first author to win both the Newbery and the Carnegie medals for the same work, "The Graveyard Book" (2008). In 2013, "The Ocean at the End of the Lane" was voted Book of the Year in the British National Book Awards. - A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers, for rhetorical effect, to one thing by mentioning another thing. It may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between two ideas. Where a simile compares two items, a metaphor directly equates them, and does not use "like" or "as" as does a simile. One of the most commonly cited examples of a metaphor in English literature is the "All the world's a stage" monologue from "As You Like It": - Joanne Michèle Sylvie Harris, (born 3 July 1964) is an English author, best known for her award-winning novel "Chocolat" which was later turned into a successful film. The film adaption was released in 2000, directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Juliette Binoche, Judi Dench, Alfred Molina, Lena Olin and Johnny Depp. It was nominated for 8 BAFTAS and 5 Oscars. - In science and philosophy, a paradigm is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. - Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques. - Shirley Hardie Jackson (December 14, 1916 August 8, 1965) was an American writer. She was popular in her time, and her work has received increased attention from literary critics in recent years. She influenced Neil Gaiman, Stephen King, Nigel Kneale, Joanne Harris and Richard Matheson. - Richard Burton Matheson (February 20, 1926 June 23, 2013) was an American author and screenwriter, primarily in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres. He is best known as the author of "I Am Legend", a 1954 horror novel that has been adapted for the screen four times, as well as the movie "Somewhere In Time" for which Matheson wrote the screenplay, based on his novel "Bid Time Return". Matheson also wrote 16 television episodes of "The Twilight Zone" for Rod Serling, including "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet" and "Steel". - Thomas Nigel Kneale (18 April 1922 29 October 2006) was a British screenwriter. He wrote professionally for more than 50 years, was a winner of the Somerset Maugham Award, and was twice nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay. In 2000, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Horror Writers Association. - Stanley Edgar Hyman ( 1919 -- 1970 ) was a literary critic who wrote primarily about critical methods : the distinct strategies critics use in approaching literary texts . Though most likely to be remembered today as the husband of writer Shirley Jackson , he was influential for the development of literary theory in the 1940s and 1950s . Equally skeptical of every major critical methodology of his time , he worked out an early instance of a critical theory , exploring ways that critics can be foiled by their own methods . `` Each critic , '' Hyman wrote in The Armed Vision , `` tends to have a master metaphor or series of metaphors in terms of which he sees the critical function ... this metaphor then shapes , informs , and sometimes limits his work . '' Hyman saw it as his own critical task to point out these overriding themes by which , tacitly , other critics organized their work and their thinking . Hyman was born in Brooklyn , New York and graduated from Syracuse University in 1940 , where he met Jackson . He was a staff writer for The New Yorker for much of his life , and although he did not possess a graduate degree , taught at Bennington College in Bennington , Vermont . From 1961 to 1965 , Hyman was the literary critic of The New Leader . After Jackson 's death in 1965 ( both she and Hyman died relatively young ) , he married Phoebe Pettingell , who later edited a posthumous volume of his work . Mr. Hyman was also a noted jazz critic , having written hundreds of essays on the subject in addition to his career as a writer and teacher . - Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Its Latin root "literatura"/"litteratura" (derived itself from "littera": "letter" or "handwriting") was used to refer to all written accounts, though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre). - Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human culture. In the Middle Ages, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the time. Today, the humanities are more frequently contrasted with natural and sometimes social sciences as well as professional training. - "All the world's a stage" is the phrase that begins a monologue from William Shakespeare's "As You Like It", spoken by the melancholy Jaques in Act II Scene VII. The speech compares the world to a stage and life to a play, and catalogues the seven stages of a man's life, sometimes referred to as the seven ages of man: infant, schoolboy, lover, soldier, justice, Pantalone and old age, facing imminent death. It is one of Shakespeare's most frequently quoted passages. - Sociology is the study of social behaviour or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Many sociologists aim to conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. Subject matter ranges from the micro-sociology level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and the social structure. What entity does 'stanley edgar hyman' has the relation 'occupation' with?
Answer: | author |
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether PersonX needs what is mentioned in the Tail before the Head or not. Here need is a precondition for PersonX to achieve the event. For example, in order for PersonX to give PersonY gifts, PersonX must first buy the presents. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Head: PersonX keeps in mind the ___<sep>Tail: none
| Yes |
Title: Okay Review: I returned this product. It didn't work well for my needs. It wasn't well made and it had a icky smell. Does this product review convey a negative or positive sentiment?
A: | Negative |
This task is about translating a given English language sentence to Yoruba language.
Q: Brother Dovletov will appeal the conviction.
A: | Arákùnrin Dovletov máa pe ẹjọ́ kòtẹ́milọ́rùn lórí ìdájọ́ náà. |
In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Ex Input:
ill see what i can do .
Ex Output:
ميبينم چکار ميتونم انجام بدم .
Ex Input:
you just watch your back , chase .
Ex Output:
چيس ، فقط به پشتتم يک نگام بكن .
Ex Input:
oh my god . fucking freak .
Ex Output:
| اوه خداي من احمق لعنتي .
|
TASK DEFINITION: This task is about translating a given English language sentence to Yoruba language.
PROBLEM: Two representatives from the branch office traveled to the affected area to evaluate any existing need for relief aid and to provide comfort.
SOLUTION: Aṣojú méjì láti ẹ̀ka ọ́fíìsì rìnrìn àjò lọ síbi tí àjálù ti ṣẹlẹ̀ yìí kí wọ́n lè mọ ìrànlọ́wọ́ tí àwọn ará ibẹ̀ máa nílò, kí wọ́n sì lè tù wọ́n nínú.
PROBLEM: The Ẹ̀gbá masquerader must needs speak Ẹ̀gbá.
SOLUTION: Eégún Ẹ̀gbá, Ẹ̀gbá ní ń fọ̀.
PROBLEM: So after she hung up, I decided to tell my son about it, since I didn’t want to shock my wife with the news or give her a false hope.
SOLUTION: | Kí n má parọ́, mi ò mọ ohun tí mi ò bá ṣe.
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Problem: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "Because of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have long been the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms, and were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced. This was facilitated by the severely reduced state of their genomes, but as many genes, introns, and linkages lost, these ecdysozoans can teach us little about the origins of animals in general. The extent of this type of evolution within the superphylum will be revealed by the crustacean, annelid, and molluscan genome projects currently in progress. Analysis of the starlet sea anemone genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates, also being sequenced, in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa."?
A: What ecdysozoans can teach about the source of animals?
Problem: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "Cross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for "comics" in different languages. The French term for comics, bandes dessinées ("drawn strip") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of even photographic comics. The term manga is used in Japanese to indicate all forms of comics, cartooning, and caricature."?
A: What is a variation of the word?
Problem: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "The area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles and records written during the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the chronicles, the kingdom of Yue was located in northern Zhejiang. Shiji claims that its leaders were descended from the Shang founder Yu the Great. Evidence suggests that Baiyue and the kingdom of Yue possessed their own culture and history that are different from those kingdoms in north and central China, whose cultures and histories were carefully recorded in chronicles and histories during the Spring and Autumn Period and into the Qin dynasty. The Song of the Yue Boatman (Chinese: 越人歌, p Yuèrén Gē, lit. "Song of the man of Yue") was transliterated into Chinese and recorded by authors in north China or inland China of Hebei and Henan around 528 BC. The song shows that the Yue people spoke a language that was mutually unintelligible with the dialects spoken in north and inland China. The Yue peoples seem to have had their own written script. The Sword of Goujian bears bird-worm seal script. Yuenü (Chinese: 越女; pinyin: Yuènǚ; Wade–Giles: Yüeh-nü; literally: "the Lady of Yue") was a swordswoman from the state of Yue. In order to check the growth of the kingdom of Wu, Chu pursued a policy of strengthening Yue. Under King Goujian, Yue recovered from its early reverses and fully annexed the lands of its rival in 473 BC. The Yue kings then moved their capital center from their original home around Mount Kuaiji in present-day Shaoxing to the former Wu capital at present-day Suzhou. With no southern power to turn against Yue, Chu opposed it directly and, in 333 BC, succeeded in destroying it. Yue's former lands were annexed by the Qin Empire in 222 BC and organized into a commandery named for Kuaiji in Zhejiang but initially headquartered in Wu in Jiangsu."?
A: Where was the kingdom of Yue located?
Problem: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the primary sensory organs for such senses as vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a typical human, the cerebral cortex (the largest part) is estimated to contain 15–33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells."?
A: | neurons talk each other through |
In this task, you're given a review from Amazon's food products. Your task is to generate a short summary of the given review in the input. Note that you don't need to write a complete sentence as a summary.
Input: Consider Input: Good product. But remember that you need some way of grinding because apparently we can't digest whole flaxseeds.
Output: Good product
Input: Consider Input: I received the items in a timely manner. Upon receipt, I removed a pack to consume. The pop-tart was STALE and left an awful taste in my mouth.
Output: AWFUL
Input: Consider Input: I was looking for a quality, low points (Weight Watchers (WW)), crunchy, salty snack. I cannot stay on a diet if I feel deprived. WW's website had a coupon for these pricey chips. Never had a "popped" chip before, so I gave it a whirl. Wow, the best crunch and flavor of all reduced-calorie chips I have ever tried. Better than other brands' popped chips I have tried since. I need portion control help and these little bags for 3 points do it for me. The variety pack helps to break up any monotony. My favorite flavor is the BBQ. I am not a vinegar kinda guy. The Salt and Vinegar flavor tastes like feet to me. Love the rest of the flavors. I love salt, so the saltiness is just right for me. Thank goodness my blood pressure is not an issue. I need these snackies. Lost 30 pounds so far in 3 months eating these. Will probably buy them by the case in the Amazon auto order system to save on shipping. I guess I plan on being a life-long fan. ...until something better comes along.
| Output: Popchips Does It for Me
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In this task, you're given context and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for this answer based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations..
Q: Context: Tracy purchased food at the store because they were very hungry.
Answer: build an appetite
A: | What will Tracy want to do next? |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, given a sentence in the English language, your task is to convert it into the Filipino language.
PROBLEM: The riding is currently held by Helena Guergis (Conservative), the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Sport.
SOLUTION: Ang pagbibiyahe ay pinangunahan ni Helena Guergis ( koserbatibo), Ang Kalihim ng Pakikipag ugnayang Panlabas, Pang International na Pakikipagkalakalan at Pampalakasan.
PROBLEM: They wrote, "There is nothing more valuable to public safety than community trust in local law enforcement because it establishes residents' willingness to report crimes and cooperate with police.
SOLUTION: Isinulat nila, "Wala ng mas mahalaga pa sa kaligtasan ng publiko kundi ang pagtitiwala ng komunidad sa mga lokal na nagpapatupad ng batas sapagkat ito ang nagtatatag ng pagkukusa ng mga residente na iulat ang mga krimen at makiisa sa mga pulisya.
PROBLEM: Miodrag Djurovic, the head of the main Podgorica hospital, stated that another five passengers had died overnight.
SOLUTION: | Inihayag ni Miodrag Djurovic, ang pinuno ng pangunahing ospital ng Podgorica, na namatay ang lima pang mga pasahero sa loob ng isang magdamag.
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Detailed Instructions: Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.
Problem:Paragraph- Sent 1: Gravity is a force, but not like other forces you may know.
Sent 2: Gravity is a bit special.
Sent 3: You know that a force is a push or pull.
Sent 4: If you push a ball, it starts to roll.
Sent 5: If you lift a book, it moves upward.
Sent 6: Now, imagine you drop a ball.
Sent 7: It falls to the ground.
Sent 8: Can you see the force pulling it down?
Sent 9: That is what makes gravity really cool.
Sent 10: It is invisible.
Sent 11: Invisible means you cannot see it.
Sent 12: But wait, it has even more surprises.
Sent 13: Gravity holds planets in place around the Sun.
Sent 14: Gravity keeps the Moon from flying off into space.
Sent 15: Gravity exerts a force on objects that are not even touching.
Sent 16: In fact, gravity can act over very large distances.
Sent 17: However, the force does get weaker the farther apart the objects are.
Question: What is the range and strength of gravity?.
Solution: | It weakens the bigger the distance is. |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You are given a sentence in Polish. Your job is to translate the Polish sentence into Farsi.
EM: Owszem. Ważne jest by rakieta mogła wrócić do lądowiska i wystartować ponownie w ciągu kilku minut.
Solution: ایلان: درسته. این مهمه که بخش های راکت بتونند برگردند و بتونند به سایت پرتاب برگردند و اماده پرتاب باشند در عرض چند ساعت.
Why? The Polish sentence is correctly translated into Farsi, because the meaning is preserved.
New input: jeśli nawet coś osiągnąłem jest to... siostra zapytała mnie raz, co ma zrobić z pewną sytuacją, która miała miejsce w Newington, Connecticut.
Solution: | تنها چیزی که ممکن است بدست آورده باشم — خواهرم یکبار از من پرسید تا در مورد موضوعی چه کند که در نیوینگتون ، کنتی کت اتفاق افتاده بود. |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Ex Input:
What kind of dogs usually have docked tails?, Context: There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all.
Ex Output:
hunting
Ex Input:
What aspect of a child's mental capacity did multinationals use to their advantage?, Context: On 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of children being forced into labour due to the increasing need of cheap labour to produce large numbers of goods. Many multinationals often employed children because that they can be recruited for less pay, and have more endurance to utilise in factory environments. Another reason many Indian children were hired was because they lack knowledge of their basic rights, they did not cause trouble or complain, and they were often more trustworthy. The innocence that comes with childhood was utilised to make a profit by many and was encouraged by the need for family income.
Ex Output:
innocence
Ex Input:
Non-birds may actually be what after all?, Context: Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As scientists have discovered more theropods closely related to birds, the previously clear distinction between non-birds and birds has become blurred. Recent discoveries in the Liaoning Province of northeast China, which demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contribute to this ambiguity.
Ex Output:
| birds
|
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