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Context: The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire. Question: When were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments? Answer: between 1815 and 1871 Question: From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence? Answer: the Ottoman Empire Question: In what year was Rome conquered? Answer: 1870 Question: What phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands? Answer: The Age of Empire Question: When were there many struggles for Italy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From whom did nation Roman start retaking their independence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was known as The Age of the Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ended the Papal revolutionary attempt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What phrase is used to describe the period marked by nation states? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Boston has been called the "Athens of America" for its literary culture, earning a reputation as "the intellectual capital of the United States." In the nineteenth century, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, James Russell Lowell, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in Boston. Some consider the Old Corner Bookstore, where these writers met and where The Atlantic Monthly was first published, to be "cradle of American literature. In 1852, the Boston Public Library was founded as the first free library in the United States. Boston's literary culture continues today thanks to the city's many universities and the Boston Book Festival. Question: Known for its literary culture, Boston has also been called what? Answer: Athens of America Question: What century did Ralph Waldo Emerson write in? Answer: the nineteenth century Question: What was the name of the bookstore the authors met in? Answer: Old Corner Bookstore Question: Where was the Atlantic Monthly first published? Answer: the Old Corner Bookstore Question: What year was the Boston Public Library founded? Answer: 1852

Context: The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well. For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so. Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom's trial. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jones writes, "[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson .... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger." Question: Atticus is tasked with killing what animal in the novel? Answer: a rabid dog Question: What is Atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of? Answer: fight against the town's racism

Context: The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas. Although he did not use the term gene, he explained his results in terms of discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics. This description prefigured the distinction between genotype (the genetic material of an organism) and phenotype (the visible traits of that organism). Mendel was also the first to demonstrate independent assortment, the distinction between dominant and recessive traits, the distinction between a heterozygote and homozygote, and the phenomenon of discontinuous inheritance. Question: Who first suggested the existence of discrete inheritable units? Answer: Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) Question: If a distinct trait in edible pea plants is mathematically described as a 2n combination, what does n represent? Answer: n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas Question: What is one thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate? Answer: independent assortment Question: What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate? Answer: the distinction between dominant and recessive traits Question: What did Gregor Mendel explain his results in terms of? Answer: discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics

Context: When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is distinctive not merely for its scarlet color, but also for the fact that it does not have a pompon or tassel on the top as do the birettas of other prelates. Until the 1460s, it was customary for cardinals to wear a violet or blue cape unless granted the privilege of wearing red when acting on papal business. His normal-wear cassock is black but has scarlet piping and a scarlet fascia (sash). Occasionally, a cardinal wears a scarlet ferraiolo which is a cape worn over the shoulders, tied at the neck in a bow by narrow strips of cloth in the front, without any 'trim' or piping on it. It is because of the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture that the bird of the same name has become known as such.[citation needed] Question: What does the color red symbolize in the clothing worn by Cardinals? Answer: willingness to die for his faith Question: Which item of clothing worn by cardinals is always white? Answer: rochet Question: The Cardinal bird was named as such because of what in relation to Cardinals of the church? Answer: the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture Question: When did Cardinals stop wearing purple or blue capes? Answer: 1460s Question: What color is worn by popes when in choir dress? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the blood like red not symbolize for a cardinal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was customary for cardinals to wear until the 1700's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not distinctive about the biretta of a cardinal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color ferrailo does a pope occasionally wear? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In Denmark you find three department store chains: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Magasin is by far the largest with 6 stores all over the country, with the flagship store being Magasin du Nord on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. Illums only store on Amagertorv in Copenhagen has the appearance of a department store with 20% run by Magasin, but has individual shop owners making it a shopping centre. But in people's mind it remains a department store. Salling has two stores in Jutland with one of these being the reason for the closure of a magasin store due to the competition. Question: What are the 3 main department store companies in Denmark? Answer: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Question: Currently, what is the largest department store chain in Denmark? Answer: Magasin Question: Where is Magasin's "flagship" store located? Answer: Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen Question: How many stores does Salling have in Jutland? Answer: two Question: What are the 4 main department store companies in Denmark? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Currently, what isn't the largest department store chain in Denmark? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Currently, what is the smallest department store chain in Denmark? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where isn't Magasin's "flagship" store located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many stores does Salling have in Justinland? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Inheritance in plants follows the same fundamental principles of genetics as in other multicellular organisms. Gregor Mendel discovered the genetic laws of inheritance by studying inherited traits such as shape in Pisum sativum (peas). What Mendel learned from studying plants has had far reaching benefits outside of botany. Similarly, "jumping genes" were discovered by Barbara McClintock while she was studying maize. Nevertheless, there are some distinctive genetic differences between plants and other organisms. Question: Does inheritance work differently in plants? Answer: same fundamental principles of genetics Question: What plant did Mendel use to demonstrate inheritance? Answer: Pisum sativum (peas) Question: What other plant was used in the discovery of different genes? Answer: maize Question: Are plants and animals genetically the same? Answer: distinctive genetic differences

Context: Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government's policies, the paper supported Labour in both subsequent elections the party won. For the 2005 general election, The Sun backed Blair and Labour for a third consecutive election win and vowed to give him "one last chance" to fulfil his promises, despite berating him for several weaknesses including a failure to control immigration. However, it did speak of its hope that the Conservatives (led by Michael Howard) would one day be fit for a return to government. This election (Blair had declared it would be his last as prime minister) resulted in Labour's third successive win but with a much reduced majority. Question: Who did The Sun endorse in the 2005 general election? Answer: Blair and Labour Question: What is one of the weaknesses The Sun thought Blair possessed? Answer: failure to control immigration Question: Who was leading the Conservatives at this time? Answer: Michael Howard Question: What did Blair state about the 2005 election? Answer: it would be his last as prime minister Question: What was the result of the 2005 election? Answer: Labour's third successive win

Context: Actor Dominic West has been unenthusiastic about the career benefits of being an Old Etonian, saying it "is a stigma that is slightly above 'paedophile' in the media in a gallery of infamy", but asked whether he would consider sending his own children there, said "Yes, I would. It’s an extraordinary place... It has the facilities and the excellence of teaching and it will find what you’re good at and nurture it", while the actor Tom Hiddleston says there are widespread misconceptions about Eton, and that "People think it's just full of braying toffs... It isn’t true... It's actually one of the most broadminded places I’ve ever been. The reason it’s a good school is that it encourages people to find the thing they love and to go for it. They champion the talent of the individual and that’s what’s special about it". Question: According to actor Dominic Wes, would he send his children to Eton? Answer: Yes, I would. Question: According to actor Tom Hiddleston, that is special about Eton? Answer: They champion the talent of the individual Question: Which actor states there are widespread misconceptions about Eton? Answer: Tom Hiddleston Question: Who was one of Tom Hiddleston's classmates at Eton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Tom Hiddleston say about sending any potential kids to Eton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Dominic West say about the perception of Eton being full of braying toffs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was in the same House as Dominic West? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century. Question: Name two infrastructure projects Nasser spearheaded. Answer: Aswan Dam and Helwan City Question: What century did Nasser rule in? Answer: 20th Question: What was nasser's position toward imperialism? Answer: anti-imperialist Question: How did Nasser's government deal with human rights? Answer: human rights violations

Context: Other sources include fortified food and dietary supplements, which come in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies which found low plasma zinc concentrations after zinc oxide and zinc carbonate were consumed compared with those seen after consumption of zinc acetate and sulfate salts. However, harmful excessive supplementation is a problem among the relatively affluent, and should probably not exceed 20 mg/day in healthy people, although the U.S. National Research Council set a Tolerable Upper Intake of 40 mg/day. Question: What is the most common supplement in the US? Answer: zinc oxide Question: Why is zinc carbonate poorly absorbed in the body? Answer: nearly insoluble Question: What is the recommended daily dose of zinc supplement in healthy adults? Answer: 20 mg/day Question: What is the Tolderable Upper intake of zinc? Answer: 40 mg/day Question: What is the only common supplement in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is zinc carbonate perfectly absorbed in the body? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the recommended daily dose of zinc supplement in unhealthy adults? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Intolerable Upper Intake of zinc? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: It was ten years after the inception of the youth program, La Masia, when the young players began to graduate and play for their first team. One of the first graduates, who would later earn international acclaim, was previous Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola. Under Cruyff's guidance, Barcelona won four consecutive La Liga titles from 1991 to 1994. They beat Sampdoria in both the 1989 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final and the 1992 European Cup final at Wembley, with a free kick goal from Dutch international Ronald Koeman. They also won a Copa del Rey in 1990, the European Super Cup in 1992 and three Supercopa de España trophies. With 11 trophies, Cruyff became the club's most successful manager at that point. He also became the club's longest consecutive serving manager, serving eight years. Cruyff's fortune was to change, and, in his final two seasons, he failed to win any trophies and fell out with president Núñez, resulting in his departure. On the legacy of Cruyff's football philosophy and the passing style of play he introduced to the club, future coach of Barcelona Pep Guardiola would state, "Cruyff built the cathedral, our job is to maintain and renovate it." Question: How many consecutive La Liga titles did Barcelona win from 1991-94? Answer: four Question: By 1992 who was Barcelona's most successful manager? Answer: Cruyff Question: For how many years was Cruyff manager for Barcelona? Answer: eight Question: What feature of play did Cruyff introduce to Barcelona? Answer: passing style Question: What failure did Cruyff have in his last two seasons as manager with Barcelona? Answer: win any trophies

Context: In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Question: What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977? Answer: Silver Question: When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband? Answer: 1977 Question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu visit the UK? Answer: 1978 Question: Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy? Answer: Anthony Blunt Question: What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten? Answer: Provisional Irish Republican Army Question: In what year did Princess Margaret divorce her husband? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu become the communist dictator of Romania? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Anthony Blunt cease to be the Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Anthony Blunt die? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground sent pulses at a rate of 180 per minute. X-Gerät received and analysed the pulses, giving the pilot both visual and aural "on course" signals. Three beams intersected the beam along the He 111's flight path. The first cross-beam acted as a warning for the bomb-aimer to start the bombing-clock which he would activate only when the second cross-beam was reached. When the third cross-beam was reached the bomb aimer activated a third trigger, which stopped the first hand of the equipment's clock, with the second hand continuing. When the second hand re-aligned with the first, the bombs were released. The clock's timing mechanism was co-ordinated with the distances of the intersecting beams from the target so the target was directly below when the bomb release occurred. Question: While Knickebein was used my most German crews who used the X-Gerat system? Answer: specially trained pathfinder crews Question: What frequency did the X-Gerat system use? Answer: 66–77 MHz Question: What rate per minute did ground transmitters send? Answer: 180 Question: When the bomber crossed the first beam the bomber-aimer did what? Answer: start the bombing-clock Question: What mechanism cause the bombs to be released? Answer: clock's timing

Context: There have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes. One example is Moldovan. In 1996, the Moldovan parliament, citing fears of "Romanian expansionism", rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian, and in 2003 a Moldovan–Romanian dictionary was published, purporting to show that the two countries speak different languages. Linguists of the Romanian Academy reacted by declaring that all the Moldovan words were also Romanian words; while in Moldova, the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Ion Bărbuţă, described the dictionary as a politically motivated "absurdity". Question: Who was the president of Moldova in 1996? Answer: Mircea Snegur Question: In what year was a Moldovan-Romanian dictionary published? Answer: 2003 Question: Fear of what caused the Moldovan parliament to reject changing the name of the country's language to Romanian in 1996? Answer: Romanian expansionism Question: Who was the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova? Answer: Ion Bărbuţă Question: Political purposes have been reclassified to deliberately do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Moldovan parliament approve a proposal from President Snegur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was President Moldovan's proposal rejected by parliament? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Academy of Science declare regarding Moldovan words? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Romanian-Academy dictionary published? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Tuberculosis caused the most widespread public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries as an endemic disease of the urban poor. In 1815, one in four deaths in England was due to "consumption". By 1918, one in six deaths in France was still caused by TB. After TB was determined to be contagious, in the 1880s, it was put on a notifiable disease list in Britain; campaigns were started to stop people from spitting in public places, and the infected poor were "encouraged" to enter sanatoria that resembled prisons (the sanatoria for the middle and upper classes offered excellent care and constant medical attention). Whatever the (purported) benefits of the "fresh air" and labor in the sanatoria, even under the best conditions, 50% of those who entered died within five years (circa 1916). Question: What was tuberculosis called in 19th-century England? Answer: consumption Question: How many deaths out of every six in France during 1918 were attributed to tuberculosis? Answer: one Question: In what decade was TB's communicability finally realized? Answer: 1880s Question: What did Britain try to get people to stop doing to reduce the spread of TB in public? Answer: spitting Question: What were the "treatment" facilities for poor people with TB in the early 1900s called? Answer: sanatoria Question: How many deaths in France were caused by TB in 1815? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were deaths from TB in England reduced to one in six? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did France put TB on the notifiable disease list? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percent of people who contracted TB died? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did poor people get excellent healthcare? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed] Question: What followed government phonology? Answer: strict-CV phonology Question: Where is government phonology popular? Answer: the United Kingdom, Question: What theory is seen more in the US? Answer: optimality theory Question: What followed government optimality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is descendant phonology popular? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What government idea is seen more in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has a greater following in France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What began in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009. Question: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning? Answer: Houston Question: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have? Answer: mandatory lot size Question: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing? Answer: affordable housing Question: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared? Answer: real estate crisis Question: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston? Answer: 42,697 Question: What is the largest city in the U.S. with formal zoning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Texas have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Houston's ocean use policies credited with producing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What serious situation of 2009 was Houston spared? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many building permits were issued in 2019 in Houston? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Primark continued to investigate the allegations for three years, concluding that BBC report was a fake. In 2011, following an investigation by the BBC Trust’s Editorial Standards Committee, the BBC announced, "Having carefully scrutinised all of the relevant evidence, the committee concluded that, on the balance of probabilities, it was more likely than not that the Bangalore footage was not authentic." BBC subsequently apologised for faking footage, and returned the television award for investigative reporting. Question: How many years was Primark investigated for? Answer: three years Question: What did they claim about the BBC report? Answer: fake Question: What did the BBC do? Answer: apologised for faking footage Question: What happened to the reward the BBC received? Answer: returned the television award

Context: Like the reptiles, birds are primarily uricotelic, that is, their kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and excrete it as uric acid instead of urea or ammonia through the ureters into the intestine. Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and (with exception of the ostrich) uric acid is excreted along with feces as a semisolid waste. However, birds such as hummingbirds can be facultatively ammonotelic, excreting most of the nitrogenous wastes as ammonia. They also excrete creatine, rather than creatinine like mammals. This material, as well as the output of the intestines, emerges from the bird's cloaca. The cloaca is a multi-purpose opening: waste is expelled through it, most birds mate by joining cloaca, and females lay eggs from it. In addition, many species of birds regurgitate pellets. Males within Palaeognathae (with the exception of the kiwis), the Anseriformes (with the exception of screamers), and in rudimentary forms in Galliformes (but fully developed in Cracidae) possess a penis, which is never present in Neoaves. The length is thought to be related to sperm competition. When not copulating, it is hidden within the proctodeum compartment within the cloaca, just inside the vent. The digestive system of birds is unique, with a crop for storage and a gizzard that contains swallowed stones for grinding food to compensate for the lack of teeth. Most birds are highly adapted for rapid digestion to aid with flight. Some migratory birds have adapted to use protein from many parts of their bodies, including protein from the intestines, as additional energy during migration. Question: What is it called when a bird's kidneys extract nitrogenous waste from their bloodstream and secrete it as uric acid? Answer: uricotelic Question: Which bid has a urinary bladder or external urethral opening? Answer: ostrich Question: What is a multi-purpose opening on birds? Answer: cloaca Question: How do most birds mate? Answer: by joining cloaca Question: What aids birds with flight? Answer: rapid digestion

Context: Last but not least the electric double-layer capacitor (now Supercapacitors) were invented. In 1957 H. Becker developed a "Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with porous carbon electrodes". He believed that the energy was stored as a charge in the carbon pores used in his capacitor as in the pores of the etched foils of electrolytic capacitors. Because the double layer mechanism was not known by him at the time, he wrote in the patent: "It is not known exactly what is taking place in the component if it is used for energy storage, but it leads to an extremely high capacity.". Question: What are electric double-layer capacitors called today? Answer: Supercapacitors Question: When were low voltage electrolytic capacitors with porous carbon electrodes invented? Answer: In 1957 Question: Who invented low voltage electrolytic capacitors with porous carbon electrodes? Answer: H. Becker Question: In what part of the capacitor did Becker believe the charge was being stored? Answer: in the carbon pores Question: In what component of electrolytic capacitors did Becker believe was similar to the porous carbon electrodes? Answer: the pores of the etched foils Question: What are electric triple-layer capacitors called today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were high voltage electrolytic capacitors with porous carbon electrodes invented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who invented high voltage electrolytic capacitors with porous carbon electrodes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what part of the capacitor did Becker believe the charge was not being stored? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what component of electrolytic capacitors did Becker believe was different from the porous carbon electrodes? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism. Question: The roots of what were established on Saint Helena? Answer: environmentalism Question: What did scientists attempt to boost artificially on Saint Helena? Answer: rainfall Question: The environmental intervention was linked to the conceptualization of what process? Answer: environmental change

Context: A treaty is null and void if it is in violation of a peremptory norm. These norms, unlike other principles of customary law, are recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations. These are limited to such universally accepted prohibitions as those against the aggressive use of force, genocide and other crimes against humanity, piracy, hostilities directed at civilian population, racial discrimination and apartheid, slavery and torture, meaning that no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit such acts. Question: What will a treaty be if it is in violation of a peremptory norm? Answer: null and void Question: What type of norm is recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations? Answer: peremptory norm Question: What is true of acts such as genocide and piracy in regard to treaty law? Answer: no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit such acts Question: What distinguishes peremptory norms from other principles of customary law? Answer: permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations Question: What is an example of a type of universally prohibited action that no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit through a treaty? Answer: genocide

Context: The Third Great Awakening refers to a hypothetical historical period that was marked by religious activism in American history and spans the late 1850s to the early 20th century. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong element of social activism. It gathered strength from the postmillennial belief that the Second Coming of Christ would occur after mankind had reformed the entire earth. It was affiliated with the Social Gospel Movement, which applied Christianity to social issues and gained its force from the Awakening, as did the worldwide missionary movement. New groupings emerged, such as the Holiness, Nazarene, and Christian Science movements. Question: When was the Third Great Awakening? Answer: the late 1850s to the early 20th century Question: What denominations did the Third Great Awakening affect? Answer: pietistic Protestant denominations Question: What movement was affiliated with the Third Great Awakening? Answer: the Social Gospel Movement Question: What other movement gained its force from the Third Great Awakening? Answer: the worldwide missionary movement Question: What new groups were formed as a result of the Third Great Awakening? Answer: the Holiness, Nazarene, and Christian Science movements

Context: Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order. Question: What is partial migration? Answer: not all populations may be migratory Question: Where is partial migration most common? Answer: the southern continents Question: In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory? Answer: 44% Question: In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory? Answer: 32% Question: What is leap frog migration? Answer: birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes

Context: By developing commercial centres and routes, encouraging people to extend the area of cultivated land in the country and international trade through its dominions, the state performed basic economic functions in the Empire. But in all this the financial and political interests of the state were dominant. Within the social and political system they were living in Ottoman administrators could not have comprehended or seen the desirability of the dynamics and principles of the capitalist and mercantile economies developing in Western Europe. Question: The development of what caused people to expand areas of cultivation in the Ottoman Empire? Answer: commercial centres and routes Question: What dominated all economic and political interests? Answer: interests of the state Question: What were the types of economies that were being developed in western Europe? Answer: capitalist and mercantile economies Question: The expansion of international trade through the Empire was the result of what? Answer: developing commercial centres and routes

Context: The first helicopter landing at the new airfield was conducted by the Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 from 825 Squadron 201 Flight, embarked on visiting HMS Lancaster on 23 October 2015. Question: Who conducted the first helicopter landing at the airfield? Answer: Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 Question: Where did the helicopter embark on visiting? Answer: HMS Lancaster Question: When did the aircraft visit HMS Lancaster? Answer: 23 October 2015

Context: Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citizens. As of October 2014, Nanjing had five bridges and two tunnels over the Yangtze River, which are tying districts north of the river with the city centre on the south bank. Question: What are the three types of transport in Nanjing? Answer: land, water and air Question: What is the most popular method of travel for citizens? Answer: public transportation Question: How many bridges does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River? Answer: five Question: How many tunnels does Nanjing have over the Yangtze River? Answer: two Question: Where is the city centre located? Answer: on the south bank

Context: Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning Spirit baptism and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through the Charismatic Movement. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents. Question: How many denominations were spawned by Pentecostalism? Answer: hundreds Question: How many Pentecostals are there in the world? Answer: over 279 million Question: What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs? Answer: Charismatic Question: Who can claim over 500 million members? Answer: Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity Question: Where is Pentecostalism currently growing the most? Answer: the global South

Context: A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps. This works both ways across the alps but is more efficient if blowing from the south due to the steeper step for oncoming wind from the south. Valleys running south to north trigger the best effect. The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. Large alpine areas such as Graubünden remain drier than pre-alpine areas and as in the main valley of the Valais wine grapes are grown there. Question: What is the weather phenomena characterized by an unexpected warm wind bringing low reletive humidity to the northern Alps during rainfall in the southern Alps? Answer: föhn Question: At what time of year can the fohn occur? Answer: all times Question: Where do clouds lose most of their content before getting to the inner alpine valleys? Answer: crossing the mountains Question: What type of grapes are grown in the valley of Valais? Answer: wine Question: During the fohn, from which direction is the blowing wind more efficient? Answer: the south

Context: Known as the world's automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for that industry. Detroit's auto industry, some of which was converted to wartime defense production, was an important element of the American "Arsenal of Democracy" supporting the Allied powers during World War II. It is an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions, beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport; The D; Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings); Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"); and The 313 (its telephone area code). Question: What "Arsenal" was Detroit a part of ? Answer: Arsenal of Democracy Question: What nickname for Detroit recognizes it's musical history? Answer: Motown Question: What is Detroit's area code? Answer: 313 Question: Which hockey team is based in Detroit? Answer: Red Wings Question: What Kiss song gave Detroit the nickname Rock City? Answer: Detroit Rock City

Context: With the new Motorola 68030 processor came the Macintosh IIx in 1988, which had benefited from internal improvements, including an on-board MMU. It was followed in 1989 by the Macintosh IIcx, a more compact version with fewer slots and a version of the Mac SE powered by the 16 MHz 68030, the Macintosh SE/30. Later that year, the Macintosh IIci, running at 25 MHz, was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean." This allowed it to natively support more than 8 MB of RAM, unlike its predecessors, which had "32-bit dirty" ROMs (8 of the 32 bits available for addressing were used for OS-level flags). System 7 was the first Macintosh operating system to support 32-bit addressing. The following year, the Macintosh IIfx, starting at US$9,900, was unveiled. Apart from its fast 40 MHz 68030 processor, it had significant internal architectural improvements, including faster memory and two Apple II CPUs (6502s) dedicated to I/O processing. Question: What Macintosh first included an on-board MMU? Answer: the Macintosh IIx Question: What was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean"? Answer: the Macintosh IIci Question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llfx when it was unveiled? Answer: US$9,900 Question: How many Apple II CPUS's did the new Macintosh llfx include? Answer: two Question: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llfx? Answer: 40 MHz Question: What Macintosh first included an on-board MUM? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first Mac to be "23-bit clean"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Apple I CPUS's did the new Macintosh llfx include? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llf when it was unveiled? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llx? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Tristan da Cunha /ˈtrɪstən də ˈkuːnjə/, colloquially Tristan, is both a remote group of volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean and the main island of that group. It is the most remote inhabited archipelago in the world, lying 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest inhabited land, Saint Helena, 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) from the nearest continental land, South Africa, and 3,360 kilometres (2,090 mi) from South America. The territory consists of the main island, also named Tristan da Cunha, which has a north–south length of 11.27 kilometres (7.00 mi) and has an area of 98 square kilometres (38 sq mi), along with the smaller, uninhabited Nightingale Islands and the wildlife reserves of Inaccessible and Gough Islands. Question: what type of islands are the Tristan da Cunha Answer: volcanic Question: where are the islands of Tristan da Cunha located? Answer: south Atlantic Ocean Question: how many square kilometres is the island? Answer: 98 Question: what type of island group are the islands? Answer: archipelago Question: WHat is the name for the main kilometres of the group? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which is the least remotely inhabited archipelago in the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name for the group of remote volcanic islands in the north Atlantic Ocean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name for the group of remote volcanic islands in the south Pacific Ocean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name for the group of remote wildlife reserves in the north Atlantic Ocean? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik. Question: What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG? Answer: A cabinet of coins Question: What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany? Answer: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen Question: Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient? Answer: Oriental Carpet Museum Question: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum? Answer: Berlin Question: What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust? Answer: Modern art Question: What is a box of coins? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the only police Museum in Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What building contains textiles from all over Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Carpets and other objects from around the world can be found in what museum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Museum of natural energy history describe Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Brasília has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) according to the Köppen system, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, from October to April, and a dry season, from May to September. The average temperature is 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). September, at the end of the dry season, has the highest average maximum temperature, 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), has major and minor lower maximum average temperature, of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) and 12.9 °C (55.2 °F), respectively. Average temperatures from September through March are a consistent 22 °C (72 °F). With 247.4 mm (9.7 in), January is the month with the highest rainfall of the year, while June is the lowest, with only 8.7 mm (0.3 in). Question: What climate type does Brasilia have? Answer: tropical savanna climate (Aw) Question: When is Brasilia's rainy season? Answer: October to April Question: When is Brasilia's dry season? Answer: May to September Question: What is the average maximum temperature in Brasilia in September? Answer: 28.3 °C (82.9 °F) Question: Which month does Brasilia have the highest rainfall? Answer: January Question: How high is the rainfall in Brasilia in September? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How low is the rainfall in Brasilia in April? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What climate type does Koppen have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are average temperatures like from May to September? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much rain is there during the highest rainfall of the year in October? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Some high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragile Alpine terrain. Question: Where is the village of Avoriaz located? Answer: France Question: Where are the villages of Wengen and Zermatt located? Answer: Switzerland Question: Why are villages considering becoming car free zones? Answer: reasons of sustainability

Context: Seattle is located between the saltwater Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) to the west and Lake Washington to the east. The city's chief harbor, Elliott Bay, is part of Puget Sound, which makes the city an oceanic port. To the west, beyond Puget Sound, are the Kitsap Peninsula and Olympic Mountains on the Olympic Peninsula; to the east, beyond Lake Washington and the eastside suburbs, are Lake Sammamish and the Cascade Range. Lake Washington's waters flow to Puget Sound through the Lake Washington Ship Canal (consisting of two man-made canals, Lake Union, and the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks at Salmon Bay, ending in Shilshole Bay on Puget Sound). Question: What water mass is located west of Seattle? Answer: Puget Sound Question: What lake is to the east of Seattle? Answer: Lake Washington Question: Where is Seattle's prime harbor? Answer: Elliott Bay Question: Because Elliott Bay is salt water, what kind of port is Seattle? Answer: oceanic port Question: What land area is west of Puget Sound? Answer: Olympic Peninsula

Context: On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon. Question: What did the British fear could provide guidance to the German air force? Answer: VHF transmissions Question: What part of the military did many people working for the BBC end up serving in? Answer: the radar programme Question: What was the final thing shown on the BBC before it was shut down for the war? Answer: Mickey's Gala Premier Question: When did most people mistakenly remember the last broadcast as having ended? Answer: before the end of the cartoon Question: What day did Britain declare war on Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was Mickey's Gala Premier written? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the station concerned about with regard to VHF transmissions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were many of the television service's technical radar staff needed for in the war effort? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Broadband wireless services were offered by both dial up and non-dial up ISPs in major cities, such as Mogadishu, Bosaso, Hargeisa, Galkayo and Kismayo. Pricing ranged from $150 to $300 a month for unlimited internet access, with bandwidth rates of 64 kbit/s up and down. The main patrons of these wireless services were scholastic institutions, corporations, and UN, NGO and diplomatic missions. Mogadishu had the biggest subscriber base nationwide and was also the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services, among which were Dalkom (Wanaag HK), Orbit, Unitel and Webtel. Question: Mogadishu and Bosaso are what in Somalia? Answer: major cities Question: What city in Soalia has the largest nuber of subscribers? Answer: Mogadishu Question: Where was the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services? Answer: Mogadishu Question: What is another name for Dalcom? Answer: Wanaag HK Question: What wireless services were offered to cities on the outskirts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the price for limited internet access? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many subscribers did Mogadishu have locally? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many wireless internet services did Mogadishu headquarter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not use the wireless services? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015. Question: Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free? Answer: European Union Question: What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free? Answer: expired Question: When will the technology be patent - free in the United States? Answer: 31 December 2017 Question: Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire? Answer: 2007 and 2015

Context: Glacial ice is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth. Many glaciers from temperate, alpine and seasonal polar climates store water as ice during the colder seasons and release it later in the form of meltwater as warmer summer temperatures cause the glacier to melt, creating a water source that is especially important for plants, animals and human uses when other sources may be scant. Within high altitude and Antarctic environments, the seasonal temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater. Question: Do Earth's lakes or glaciers hold the most freshwater? Answer: glaciers Question: What causes glaciers to release meltwater? Answer: warmer summer temperatures Question: In which area are summer temperatures not high enough to release meltwater from glaciers? Answer: Antarctic environments Question: Under what circumstances would humans require water from a glacier? Answer: when other sources may be scant Question: Where is all the fresh water on earth contained? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What glaciers often release place during warm periods? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What creates in important water source for many plants and animals but not humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who benefits from the Antarctic's meltwater? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: After the Union of Horodło the Lithuanian nobility acquired equal status with the Polish szlachta, and over time began to become more and more polonized, although they did preserve their national consciousness, and in most cases recognition of their Lithuanian family roots. In the 16th century some of the Lithuanian nobility claimed that they were of Roman extraction, and the Lithuanian language was just a morphed Latin language. This led to paradox: Polish nobility claimed own ancestry from Sarmatian tribes, but Sarmatians were considered enemies to Romans. Thus new Roman-Sarmatian theory was created. Strong cultural ties with Polish nobility led that in the 16th century the new term to name Lithuanian nobility appeared šlėkta—a direct loanword from Polish szlachta. From the view of historical truth Lithuanians also should use this term, šlėkta (szlachta), to name own nobility, but Lithuanian linguists forbade the usage of this Polish loanword. This refusal to use word szlachta (in Lithuanian text šlėkta) complicates all naming. Question: What other group had equal status with the lithuanian nobility? Answer: Polish szlachta Question: What did the polish szlachta become more of? Answer: polonized Question: What did some lithuanian nobility claim that caused a paradox? Answer: they were of Roman extraction Question: What is the new term used for the lithuanian nobility? Answer: šlėkta Question: Who forbid the use of the word slekta? Answer: Lithuanian linguists

Context: Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time; in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas. These teams still wear those designs to this day. Question: What early team copied the Arsenal's red current color in 1909? Answer: Sparta Prague Question: What team in 1938 used the same style of kit, but in green? Answer: Hibernian Question: By coping the Arsenal team kit exactly, what nickname was given to Sporting Clube de Braga? Answer: Os Arsenalistas Question: For how long have the Arsenal inspired copy-cat clubs worn their uniforms? Answer: to this day Question: What was Sporting Clube de Braga's original color? Answer: green Question: In what stadium does Sparta Prague play? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What's the nickname of Sparta Prague? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color kit did Sparta Prague wear in 1908? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color are Sparta Prague's sleeves? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who won the 1920 game between Arsenal and Sporting Clube de Braga that took place at Highbury? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany. Question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens? Answer: expelled the Germans Question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled? Answer: for centuries Question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II? Answer: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens Question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to? Answer: westwards to allied-occupied Germany Question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII? Answer: Between 12 and 16,5 million Question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories? Answer: World War II Question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to? Answer: allied-occupied Germany Question: Where in eastern Europe did Germans settle after World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many ethnic Germans left allied Germany following World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was expelled from eastern Europe after World War II? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to problems of indiscipline and outright rebelliousness within the corps, which were never fully solved. Irregular sharpshooters (Sekban) were also recruited, and on demobilization turned to brigandage in the Jelali revolts (1595–1610), which engendered widespread anarchy in Anatolia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. With the Empire's population reaching 30 million people by 1600, the shortage of land placed further pressure on the government . In spite of these problems, the Ottoman state remained strong, and its army did not collapse or suffer crushing defeats. The only exceptions were campaigns against the Safavid dynasty of Persia, where many of the Ottoman eastern provinces were lost, some permanently. This 1603–1618 war eventually resulted in the Treaty of Nasuh Pasha, which ceded the entire Caucasus, except westernmost Georgia, back into Iranian Safavid possession. Campaigns during this era became increasingly inconclusive, even against weaker states with much smaller forces, such as Poland or Austria. Question: What was the late 16th century war against Habsburg Austria known as? Answer: The Long War Question: During what years did the Ottoman war against Habsburg Austria occur? Answer: 1593–1606 Question: What were ottoman irregular sharpshooters known as? Answer: Sekban Question: What was the population of the Ottoman empire at the beginning of the 17th century? Answer: 30 million people Question: A war occurring from 1603 to 1618 resulted in what treaty? Answer: Treaty of Nasuh Pasha

Context: Einstein showed in his thought experiments that people travelling at different speeds, while agreeing on cause and effect, measure different time separations between events, and can even observe different chronological orderings between non-causally related events. Though these effects are typically minute in the human experience, the effect becomes much more pronounced for objects moving at speeds approaching the speed of light. Many subatomic particles exist for only a fixed fraction of a second in a lab relatively at rest, but some that travel close to the speed of light can be measured to travel farther and survive much longer than expected (a muon is one example). According to the special theory of relativity, in the high-speed particle's frame of reference, it exists, on the average, for a standard amount of time known as its mean lifetime, and the distance it travels in that time is zero, because its velocity is zero. Relative to a frame of reference at rest, time seems to "slow down" for the particle. Relative to the high-speed particle, distances seem to shorten. Einstein showed how both temporal and spatial dimensions can be altered (or "warped") by high-speed motion. Question: Who showed, in his thought experiments, that people travelling at different speeds measured time differently? Answer: Einstein Question: In what case do these effects become much more noticeable? Answer: for objects moving at speeds approaching the speed of light. Question: How long do most subatomic particles exist for in a lab? Answer: a fixed fraction of a second Question: Einstein showed how what could be altered by high speed motion? Answer: both temporal and spatial dimensions Question: What subatomic particle was discovered by Einstein? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What slows down for a spacial demension's frame of reference? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Einstein show that light could be warped by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When at rest, how fast is a dimension's velocity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What seems to shorten in the presence of a spatial dimension? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who showed, in his thought experiments, that people traveling at different speeds measured light differently? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what case do these effects become much more relative? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long do most subatomic particles exist for in a warp? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Einstein showed how what could be altered by fixed particles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What exist for a second in a lab? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea. During the Ottoman rule of Greece, a number of Greek enclaves around the Mediterranean were cut off from the core, notably in Southern Italy, the Caucasus, Syria and Egypt. By the early 20th century, over half of the overall Greek-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey), while later that century a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora. Question: During what period of domination were many Greeks unable to interact with it's central location ? Answer: Ottoman rule of Greece Question: What location did many of the Greek people decide to live in other than Greece after the 19th century ? Answer: Asia Minor (now Turkey) Question: What has lead to the current situation of vast dispersion of the Greek people ? Answer: a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora. Question: After the 19th century about how much of the Greek population resided in little Asia ? Answer: By the early 20th century, over half of the overall Greek-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey) Question: The anthology of the Greek world is intimately joined with what areas of the world ? Answer: history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea. Question: During what period of domination were many Greeks able to interact with it's central location Answer: Unanswerable Question: What location did many of the Greek people decide to live in other than France after the 17th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has lead to the current situation of vast dispersion of the French people? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After the 19th century about how much of the Greek population resided in little Africa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The anthology of the Greek world is intimately did not join with what areas of the world? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The state has a great diversity due to the large number of microclimates found and dramatic varying terrain. The flora throughout the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range varies with elevation. Pine (Pinus) and oak (Quercus) species are usually found at an elevation of 2,000 m (6,560 ft) above sea level. The most common species of flora found in the mountains are: Pinus, Quercus, Abies, Ficus, Vachellia, Ipomoea, Acacia, Lysiloma, Bursera, Vitex, Tabebuia, Sideroxylon, Cordia, Fouquieria, Pithecellobium. The state is home to one of the largest variation species of the genus Pinus in the world. The lower elevations have a steppe vegetation with a variety of grasses and small bushes. Several species of Juniperus dot the steppe and the transition zone. Question: The state has great diversity thanks to the large number of what? Answer: microclimates Question: What type of life varies greatly with the elevation in the mountains? Answer: flora Question: The state is home to one of the largest variation species of which genus? Answer: Pinus Question: Several species of which type dot the steppe and transition zone? Answer: Juniperus

Context: The city, especially the East Boston neighborhood, has a significant Hispanic community. Hispanics in Boston are mostly of Puerto Rican (30,506 or 4.9% of total city population), Dominican (25,648 or 4.2% of total city population), Salvadoran (10,850 or 1.8% of city population), Colombian (6,649 or 1.1% of total city population), Mexican (5,961 or 1.0% of total city population), and Guatemalan (4,451 or 0.7% of total city population) ethnic origin. When including all Hispanic national origins, they number 107,917. In Greater Boston, these numbers grow significantly with Puerto Ricans numbering 175,000+, Dominicans 95,000+, Salvadorans 40,000+, Guatemalans 31,000+, Mexicans 25,000+, and Colombians numbering 22,000+. Question: What neighborhoos has a high rate of hispanics? Answer: the East Boston neighborhood Question: How many hispanics live in the City of Boston? Answer: 107,917 Question: How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston? Answer: 175,000+ Question: How many Mexican hispanics live in greater Boston? Answer: 25,000+ Question: How many Colombians live in greater Boston? Answer: 22,000+

Context: A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England. Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014? Answer: 26.2% Question: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents? Answer: 78.3 years Question: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents? Answer: 82.1 Question: Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England? Answer: lowest

Context: The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895. Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Later, most of the largest cinemas were divided into multiple, smaller rooms. Paris' largest cinema room today is in Le Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seats. Big multiplex movie theaters have been built since the 1990s. UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens, MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest. Question: Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris? Answer: Grand Café Question: What date was the first movie played in Paris for a paying crowd? Answer: 28 December 1895 Question: In what decade did movie theaters become popular? Answer: 1930s Question: What is the largest cinema room today in Paris? Answer: Le Grand Rex

Context: Political economy in anthropology is the application of the theories and methods of Historical Materialism to the traditional concerns of anthropology, including, but not limited to, non-capitalist societies. Political Economy introduced questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture. Three main areas of interest rapidly developed. The first of these areas was concerned with the "pre-capitalist" societies that were subject to evolutionary "tribal" stereotypes. Sahlins work on Hunter-gatherers as the 'original affluent society' did much to dissipate that image. The second area was concerned with the vast majority of the world's population at the time, the peasantry, many of whom were involved in complex revolutionary wars such as in Vietnam. The third area was on colonialism, imperialism, and the creation of the capitalist world-system. More recently, these Political Economists have more directly addressed issues of industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism around the world. Question: What does political economy in anthropology apply Historical Materialism to? Answer: traditional concerns Question: What did Political Economy introduce questions of to theories of social structure and culture? Answer: history and colonialism Question: Who were the original affluent society? Answer: Hunter-gatherers Question: What do peasants make up the vast majority of in the world? Answer: population Question: What have Political Economists most recently focused on the issues of? Answer: industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism Question: What field of study removes Historical Materialism from the traditional concernsw of anthropology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Political Economy introduce to quwestions of history and coloialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who makes up only a small part of the world's population? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has helped spread capitalism around the world? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic. A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her. In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm, which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray. In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die. As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued. To general rejoicing, he pulled through. Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in St Paul's Cathedral on 27 February 1872, and republican feeling subsided. Question: What year was the Third French Republic established? Answer: 1870 Question: Where was the republica rally held that called for Vuictorias removal? Answer: Trafalgar Square Question: Who spoke against Victoria at the rally in Trafalgar Square? Answer: Radical MPs Question: In 1871, Victoria became seriously ill with an abscess on what part of her body? Answer: arm Question: Who lanced and treated the abscess on Queen Victorias arm? Answer: Joseph Lister Question: How was the republican sentiment in Britain changed? Answer: boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic Question: Where was a rally calling for Queen Victoria's removal held? Answer: Trafalgar Square Question: What cutting edge treatment did Joseph Lister use to treat Queen Victoria's illness? Answer: new antiseptic carbolic acid spray Question: What disease nearly took the Prince of Wales life? Answer: typhoid fever Question: What helped to boost the rebublicians in 1870? Answer: establishment of the Third French Republic Question: When did the Third French Republic come onto the scene? Answer: 1870 Question: WHat was a new antiseptic being used to treat abcesses in the 1870's? Answer: carbolic acid spray Question: What disease was contracted by the Prince of Wales that nearly ended his life? Answer: typhoid fever Question: Who spoke against Victoria at Trafalgar Square? Answer: Radical MPs Question: After what event did the Prince of Wales' health begin to improve? Answer: the tenth anniversary of her husband's death Question: What year was the Third French Republic demolished? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the republica rally held that called for Vuictorias promotion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who spoke in support of Victoria at the rally in Trafalgar Square? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1817, Victoria became seriously ill with an abscess on what part of her body? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who lanced and never treated the abscess on Queen Victorias arm? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Despite trading for pitcher Matt Garza and signing free-agent slugger Carlos Peña, the Cubs finished the 2011 season 20 games under .500 with a record of 71-91. Weeks after the season came to an end, the club was rejuvenated in the form of a new philosophy, as new owner Tom Ricketts signed Theo Epstein away from the Boston Red Sox, naming him club President and giving him a five-year contract worth over $18 million, and subsequently discharged manager Mike Quade. Epstein, a proponent of sabremetrics and one of the architects of two world series titles in Boston brought along Jed Hoyer to fill the role of GM and hired Dale Sveum as manager. Although the team had a dismal 2012 season, losing 101 games (the worst record since 1966) it was largely expected. The youth movement ushered in by Epstein and Hoyer began as longtime fan favorite Kerry Wood retired in May, followed by Ryan Dempster and Geovany Soto being traded to Texas at the All-Star break for a group of minor league prospects headlined by Christian Villanueva. The development of Castro, Anthony Rizzo, Darwin Barney, Brett Jackson and pitcher Jeff Samardzija as well as the replenishing of the minor-league system with prospects such as Javier Baez, Albert Almora, and Jorge Soler became the primary focus of the season, a philosophy which the new management said would carry over at least through the 2013 season. Question: How many games under .500 did the Cubs finish the 2011 season with? Answer: 20 Question: Who was the new owner of the Cubs? Answer: Tom Ricketts Question: Who did the new owner of the Cubs sign from the Boston Red Sox? Answer: Theo Epstein Question: How much was the contract given to Theo Epstein worth? Answer: $18 million

Context: Ibn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Constant feuds which raged between the regent and her second son, Shams al-Daula, however, compelled the scholar to quit the place. After a brief sojourn at Qazvin he passed southwards to Hamadãn where Shams al-Daula, another Buwayhid emir, had established himself. At first, Ibn Sina entered into the service of a high-born lady; but the emir, hearing of his arrival, called him in as medical attendant, and sent him back with presents to his dwelling. Ibn Sina was even raised to the office of vizier. The emir decreed that he should be banished from the country. Ibn Sina, however, remained hidden for forty days in sheikh Ahmed Fadhel's house, until a fresh attack of illness induced the emir to restore him to his post. Even during this perturbed time, Ibn Sina persevered with his studies and teaching. Every evening, extracts from his great works, the Canon and the Sanatio, were dictated and explained to his pupils. On the death of the emir, Ibn Sina ceased to be vizier and hid himself in the house of an apothecary, where, with intense assiduity, he continued the composition of his works. Question: What city did Ibn Sina settle in? Answer: Rey Question: What modern city of today was Rey in the vicinity of? Answer: Tehran Question: How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey? Answer: thirty Question: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved southwards to what city? Answer: Hamadãn Question: What office did Ibn Sina receive in Hamadan? Answer: office of vizier Question: Where did Ibn Sina write his first thirty works? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Ibn Sina feud with while at the palace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was emir of Qazvin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Ibn Sina hide for forty days? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's death made Ibn Sani a vizier? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city did Ibn Sina decide not to settle in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ancient city of today was Rey in the vicinity of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of Ibn Sina's longer works were said to have been created in Rey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Ibn Sina left Rey and moved northwards to what city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What office did Ibn Sina lose in Hamadan? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north. Question: What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries? Answer: North Africa Question: Which countries' explorers were the first Europeans to trade with Nigeria? Answer: Spanish and Portuguese Question: Calabar is on which historical Bight? Answer: Biafra Question: What is the current name of the Bight of Biafra? Answer: Bight of Bonny Question: Who were the major slave traders through Nigeria from the southwest? Answer: Oyo Empire

Context: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons. Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (the average Premier League team receives £55 million while the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million), critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation. For some clubs who have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League, financial problems, including in some cases administration or even liquidation have followed. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have ensued for several clubs unable to cope with the gap. Question: If a team is relegated in the Premier League what type of tv payment do they receive? Answer: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Question: What do critics have to say about this payment? Answer: critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, Question: What has happened to some of the clubs who weren't able to get back into the Premier League right away? Answer: financial problems Question: How much does a Football League club receive on average for their television revenues? Answer: the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million Question: How does this compare an average Premier League team? Answer: the average Premier League team receives £55 million Question: To which type of team are parachute payments distributed to in the Premier League? Answer: relegated Question: Starting in the 2013-14 season, parachute payments are in excess of what amount of revenue? Answer: £60 million Question: What is said to widen between clubs who reach the Premier League and those who do not thanks to parachute payments? Answer: the gap Question: What does the Football League Championship club do with a portion of TV revenue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do supporters say about the parachute payments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To what type of team does the Football League Championship club distribute parachute payments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much to the "bouncing back" payments exceed? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: On October 11, 2011, Doug Morris announced that Mel Lewinter had been named Executive Vice President of Label Strategy. Lewinter previously served as chairman and CEO of Universal Motown Republic Group. In January 2012, Dennis Kooker was named President of Global Digital Business and US Sales. Question: Who was promoted to Executive VP of Label Strategy in 2011? Answer: Mel Lewinter Question: Who became President of Global Digital Business and US Sales in 2012? Answer: Dennis Kooker Question: Doug Morris was announced as Executive Vice President on what date? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Lewinter previously served as secretary for which group? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was named President of Local Digital Business and US Sales in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was named Executive Vice President of Local Strategy in 2011? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In turn, according to Kozinski's analysis, the contemporary rule of binding precedent became possible in the U.S. in the nineteenth century only after the creation of a clear court hierarchy (under the Judiciary Acts), and the beginning of regular verbatim publication of U.S. appellate decisions by West Publishing. The rule gradually developed, case-by-case, as an extension of the judiciary's public policy of effective judicial administration (that is, in order to efficiently exercise the judicial power). The rule of precedent is generally justified today as a matter of public policy, first, as a matter of fundamental fairness, and second, because in the absence of case law, it would be completely unworkable for every minor issue in every legal case to be briefed, argued, and decided from first principles (such as relevant statutes, constitutional provisions, and underlying public policies), which in turn would create hopeless inefficiency, instability, and unpredictability, and thereby undermine the rule of law. Question: When did binding precedent become possible in the United States? Answer: nineteenth century Question: What made binding precedent a possibility? Answer: creation of a clear court hierarchy (under the Judiciary Acts), and the beginning of regular verbatim publication of U.S. appellate decisions by West Publishing Question: What can invalidate the rule of law? Answer: hopeless inefficiency, instability, and unpredictability Question: Why was the rule of precedent allowed? Answer: in the absence of case law, it would be completely unworkable for every minor issue in every legal case to be briefed, argued, and decided Question: How is a court hierarchy established? Answer: the Judiciary Acts Question: What did Kozinski make possible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was West Publishing created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company published the Judiciary Acts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What public policy has been ruled as an undermining of the rule of law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the writer of the rule of binding precedent? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In UTF-32 and UCS-4, one 32-bit code value serves as a fairly direct representation of any character's code point (although the endianness, which varies across different platforms, affects how the code value manifests as an octet sequence). In the other encodings, each code point may be represented by a variable number of code values. UTF-32 is widely used as an internal representation of text in programs (as opposed to stored or transmitted text), since every Unix operating system that uses the gcc compilers to generate software uses it as the standard "wide character" encoding. Some programming languages, such as Seed7, use UTF-32 as internal representation for strings and characters. Recent versions of the Python programming language (beginning with 2.2) may also be configured to use UTF-32 as the representation for Unicode strings, effectively disseminating such encoding in high-level coded software. Question: How is UTF-32 widely used? Answer: internal representation of text in programs Question: What programming language uses UTF-32 as internal representation of characters? Answer: Seed7 Question: what version of python can be used with UTF-32? Answer: 2.2 Question: What does not vary across platforms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What uses UCS-4 as an internal representation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the last version of Python that can use UTF-32? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Python use to generate the standard wide character encoding? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used to represent transmitted text? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In The Wombles, Uncle Bulgaria read The Times and asked for the other Wombles to bring him any copies that they found amongst the litter. The newspaper played a central role in the episode Very Behind the Times (Series 2, Episode 12). Question: In what children TV series is there is a fictional character named Uncle Bulgaria that asks others to bring him copies of The Times found amongst the litter? Answer: The Wombles Question: What is the name of the episode where the newspaper, The Times, is featured and plays a central role in an episode of The Wombles? Answer: Very Behind the Times Question: In the children's TV show, The Wombles, what character asks others to bring him any copies of The Times that they find amongst the litter? Answer: Uncle Bulgaria

Context: In 1869 the Suez Canal opened under Napoleon III, linking the Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean. Initially the Canal was opposed by the British; but once opened, its strategic value was quickly recognised and became the "jugular vein of the Empire". In 1875, the Conservative government of Benjamin Disraeli bought the indebted Egyptian ruler Isma'il Pasha's 44 percent shareholding in the Suez Canal for £4 million (£340 million in 2013). Although this did not grant outright control of the strategic waterway, it did give Britain leverage. Joint Anglo-French financial control over Egypt ended in outright British occupation in 1882. The French were still majority shareholders and attempted to weaken the British position, but a compromise was reached with the 1888 Convention of Constantinople, which made the Canal officially neutral territory. Question: When did the Suez Canal open? Answer: 1869 Question: Which ocean did the Suez Canal connect the Mediterranean to? Answer: Indian Ocean Question: Which French leader ruled when the Suez Canal opened? Answer: Napoleon III Question: How much did Britain spend to buy Egypt's share of the Suez Canal? Answer: £4 million Question: The Suez Canal became neutral territory by what treaty? Answer: Convention of Constantinople

Context: Roughly one quarter of all zinc output in the United States (2009), is consumed in the form of zinc compounds; a variety of which are used industrially. Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints, and as a catalyst in the manufacture of rubber. It is also used as a heat disperser for the rubber and acts to protect its polymers from ultraviolet radiation (the same UV protection is conferred to plastics containing zinc oxide). The semiconductor properties of zinc oxide make it useful in varistors and photocopying products. The zinc zinc-oxide cycle is a two step thermochemical process based on zinc and zinc oxide for hydrogen production. Question: In what form is 1/4 of zinc used in the US? Answer: zinc compounds Question: What kind of zinc compound is used in manufacturing rubber? Answer: Zinc oxide Question: What protects the polymers in rubber from ultraviolet radiation? Answer: Zinc oxide Question: Why is zinc oxide useful in photocopying products? Answer: semiconductor Question: What kind of process is the zinc zinc-oxide cycle? Answer: thermochemical Question: What form is 1/4 of zinc used in the Ukraine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of zinc compound is used in melting rubber? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What protects the polymers in rubber from nuclear radiation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is zinc oxide unhelpful in photocopying products? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of process is the zinc zinc-dioxide cycle? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Spielberg next directed the historical drama film Lincoln, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln. Based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's bestseller Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, the film covered the final four months of Lincoln's life. Written by Tony Kushner, the film was shot in Richmond, Virginia, in late 2011, and was released in the United States by Disney in November 2012. The film's international distribution was handled by 20th Century Fox. Upon release, Lincoln received widespread critical acclaim, and was nominated for twelve Academy Awards (the most of any film that year) including Best Picture and Best Director for Spielberg. It won the award for Best Production Design and Day-Lewis won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Lincoln, becoming the first three time winner in that category as well as the first to win for a performance directed by Spielberg. Question: Who starred in 'Lincoln' as Abraham Lincoln? Answer: Daniel Day-Lewis Question: What book was 'Lincoln' based on? Answer: Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln Question: What part of Lincoln's life did the film cover? Answer: the final four months Question: Where was 'Lincoln' filmed? Answer: Richmond, Virginia Question: Who played Mary Todd Lincoln in 'Lincoln'? Answer: Sally Field Question: In what year did Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln get released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many times has Spielberg been nominated for Best Director? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many times has Daniel Day-Lewis been nominated for Best Actor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Doris Kearns Goodwin release her first book? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What movie has covered the start of Lincoln's presidency? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In 1999, the representatives of Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, apparently resolving the conflict over the nature of justification which was at the root of the Protestant Reformation, although Confessional Lutherans reject this statement. This is understandable, since there is no compelling authority within them. On 18 July 2006, delegates to the World Methodist Conference voted unanimously to adopt the Joint Declaration. Question: What document was signed in 1999? Answer: the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification Question: Who rejects the statement signed in 1999? Answer: Confessional Lutherans Question: Who adopted the Joint Declaration in 2006? Answer: delegates to the World Methodist Conference Question: The Joint Declaration supposedly resolves the conflict which originally led to what movement? Answer: the Protestant Reformation Question: What two groups originally signed the Joint Declaration? Answer: Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church

Context: Changing clocks and DST rules has a direct economic cost, entailing extra work to support remote meetings, computer applications and the like. For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $500 million to $1 billion, and Utah State University economist William F. Shughart II has estimated the lost opportunity cost at around $1.7 billion USD. Although it has been argued that clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency, and that in 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges, the estimated numbers depend on the methodology. The results have been disputed, and the original authors have refuted the points raised by disputers. Question: What year did a change in DST policy cost North America somewhere between $500 million and $1 billion in extra work? Answer: 2007 Question: Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes? Answer: William F. Shughart II Question: What have some people argued correlates with time shifts from daylight savings? Answer: decreased economic efficiency Question: What do some call the effect that they say caused a one-day loss for stock exchanges of approximately $31 billion in the year 2000? Answer: the daylight-saving effect Question: What factor determines the numbers people reach for estimates when studying DST? Answer: methodology

Context: England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in Group D. In 1950, four teams remained after the first round, in 1958 eight teams remained and in 2014 sixteen teams remained. In 2010, England suffered its most resounding World Cup defeat (4–1 to Germany) in the Round of 16, after drawing with the United States and Algeria and defeating Slovenia 1–0 in the group stage. Question: In what year was England most recently eliminated from FIFA World Cup contention? Answer: 2014 Question: In which three years did England fail to qualify for the World Cup? Answer: 1974, 1978 and 1994 Question: In 2014, England was eliminated from the World Cup after being defeated by Italy and which other team? Answer: Uruguay Question: After the first round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, how many teams remained in contention? Answer: sixteen Question: What was the final score when, in 2010, England lost to Germany in the Round of 16 of the FIFA World Cup? Answer: 4–1 Question: Where was the 1974 World Cup held? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was one of the four teams that remained after the first round in 1950? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Slovenia place in the 2010 World Cup games? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the score when England played Italy in the 2014 FIFA World Cup? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Germany's football team's worst defeat? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters. Question: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period? Answer: early anatomically modern humans Question: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team? Answer: over 125,000 years old Question: Where did the Research Project Team find the obsidian tools? Answer: near the Bay of Zula Question: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans? Answer: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters Question: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists? Answer: Eritrean Research Project Team Question: How long ago was the last interglacial period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long ago is it believed that early humans left Africa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What land resources are the early humans thought to have eaten? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Eritrean Research Project Team formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the research team find in Massawa? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and Majorca, saw great numbers of Swallows flying northward", and states the situation in Britain as follows: Question: When was migration finally accepted? Answer: the end of the eighteenth century Question: Who wrote A History of British Birds? Answer: Thomas Bewick Question: What year was Thomas Bewick's book published? Answer: 1797 Question: Where were Swallows seen flying? Answer: between the islands of Minorca and Majorca Question: Which directions were the Swallows flying? Answer: northward

Context: In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York. However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001. Mr Greenberger was later corrected on this matter. Question: Who was the former director of the CFTC that testified before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008? Answer: Michael Greenberger Question: Who did Michael Greenberger erronesously name as a key player in speculative run-up of oil futures? Answer: IntercontinentalExchange Question: Who founded the Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange? Answer: Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP Question: Who purchased the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001? Answer: IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) Question: Where are regulated future exchanges located? Answer: London and New York

Context: Sacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for "Of the celibate priesthood"), promulgated on 24 June 1967, defends the Catholic Church's tradition of priestly celibacy in the West. This encyclical was written in the wake of Vatican II, when the Catholic Church was questioning and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is considered a discipline rather than dogma, and some had expected that it might be relaxed. In response to these questions, the Pope reaffirms the discipline as a long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. The encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus from 24 June 1967, confirms the traditional Church teaching, that celibacy is an ideal state and continues to be mandatory for Roman Catholic priests. Celibacy symbolizes the reality of the kingdom of God amid modern society. The priestly celibacy is closely linked to the sacramental priesthood. However, during his pontificate Paul VI was considered generous in permitting bishops to grant laicization of priests who wanted to leave the sacerdotal state, a position which was drastically reversed by John Paul II in 1980 and cemented in the 1983 Canon Law that only the pope can in exceptional circumstances grant laicization. Question: What is considered an ideal state for priests in the Catholic church? Answer: Celibacy Question: What is seen as symbolizing the reality of living in the modern world as Roman Catholic priest? Answer: Celibacy Question: What document of 1967 promotes the church's stance of celibacy in the priesthood? Answer: Sacerdotalis caelibatus Question: What type of law locked down the Catholic church's stance on celibacy in the priesthood? Answer: Canon Question: In what year was Canon Law issued affirming celibacy in the priesthood? Answer: 1983

Context: Britain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden. He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command This turn of events has become known as the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg. Frederick was then able to muster a larger army of 120,000 men and concentrate it against Austria. He drove them from much of Saxony, while his brother Henry won a victory in Silesia in the Battle of Freiberg (29 October 1762). At the same time, his Brunswick allies captured the key town of Göttingen and compounded this by taking Cassel. Question: Britain tried to influence Prussia to take what action? Answer: offering concessions to secure peace Question: How many troops did Frederick have left? Answer: 60,000 men Question: What development in Russia assisted Prussia? Answer: Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin Question: What changed the Prussian relationship with Sweden? Answer: Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden Question: What was the unexpected action by Peter III that helped Frederick? Answer: He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command

Context: The popular sports in Tuvalu include kilikiti, Ano, football, futsal, volleyball, handball, basketball and rugby union. Tuvalu has sports organisations for athletics, badminton, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, football, basketball, rugby union, weightlifting and powerlifting. At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first gold medal in an international competition in the weightlifting 62 kilogram male snatch. (He also won bronze in the clean and jerk, and obtained the silver medal overall for the combined event.) In 2015 Telupe Iosefa received the first gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division. Question: What athlete won Tuvalu's first gold metal in competition? Answer: Tuau Lapua Lapua Question: In which competition did Lapua win a metal for Tuvalu? Answer: Pacific Mini Games Question: In what contests did Lapua win metals for Tuvalu? Answer: weightlifting Question: Who won a gold metal at the Pacific Games? Answer: Telupe Iosefa Question: In what type of competition did Telupe losefa win in 2015? Answer: powerlifting

Context: The dominance of American Idol in the ratings had made it the most profitable show in U.S. TV for many years. The show was estimated to generate $900 million for the year 2004 through sales of TV ads, albums, merchandise and concert tickets. By season seven, the show was estimated to earn around $900 million from its ad revenue alone, not including ancillary sponsorship deals and other income. One estimate puts the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American at $6.4 billion. Sponsors that bought fully integrated packages can expect a variety of promotions of their products on the show, such as product placement, adverts and product promotion integrated into the show, and various promotional opportunities. Other off-air promotional partners pay for the rights to feature "Idol" branding on their packaging, products and marketing programs. American Idol also partnered with Disney in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience. Question: How much money did American Idol make in 2004? Answer: $900 million Question: How much money did American Idol generate from its first eight seasons? Answer: $6.4 billion Question: What is the name of the American Idol theme attraction with Disney? Answer: The American Idol Experience Question: How much money did American Idol generate from ads in its seventh season? Answer: $900 million Question: Who did Idol partner with to create The American Idol Experience? Answer: Disney

Context: The US ended World War I with two 3-inch AA guns and improvements were developed throughout the inter-war period. However, in 1924 work started on a new 105 mm static mounting AA gun, but only a few were produced by the mid-1930s because by this time work had started on the 90 mm AA gun, with mobile carriages and static mountings able to engage air, sea and ground targets. The M1 version was approved in 1940. During the 1920s there was some work on a 4.7-inch which lapsed, but revived in 1937, leading to a new gun in 1944. Question: What kind of guns did the United States end WW I with? Answer: two 3-inch AA guns Question: When were improvements developed for these guns? Answer: throughout the inter-war period Question: When did work begin on the 105 mm static mounting AA gun? Answer: 1924 Question: Only a few of the 105 mm static mounting AA guns were produced because work had started on which other gun? Answer: 90 mm AA gun Question: What year was the M1 version approved? Answer: 1940

Context: The Soviet answer on 4 May admonished Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) for failing to admit and correct its mistakes, and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans, maintaining that the Red Army had saved them from destruction. Tito's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June. However, Tito did not attend the second meeting of the Cominform, fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked. In 1949 the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict, as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier. On 28 June, the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia, citing "nationalist elements" that had "managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership" of the CPY. The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse; 'I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito,' Stalin remarked. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged "Titoists". Stalin took the matter personally and arranged several assassination attempts on Tito, none of which succeeded. In a correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote: Question: Tito did not attend the second meeting of this. Answer: Cominform Question: In what year did the crisis nearly escalate into armed conflict? Answer: 1949 Question: What was the name of those purged in other socialist states in Eastern Europe? Answer: Titoists Question: Who made several assasination attempts on Tito? Answer: Stalin

Context: The 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's "rich use of language" but writes that the central lesson is that "courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style". Jane Sullivan in the Sydney Morning Herald agrees, stating that the book "still rouses fresh and horrified indignation" as it examines morality, a topic that has recently become unfashionable. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie writing in The Guardian states that Lee, rare among American novelists, writes with "a fiercely progressive ink, in which there is nothing inevitable about racism and its very foundation is open to question", comparing her to William Faulkner, who wrote about racism as an inevitability. Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that "one’s moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled" is eloquently discussed. Question: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vompared Lee to whom? Answer: William Faulkner Question: Rosemary Goring connected Lee to whom? Answer: Jane Austen

Context: All of these traditions, including festivals, martial arts, dress, literature, sport and games such as Shax, have immensely contributed to the enrichment of Somali heritage. Question: What is a notable game that is played in Somalia? Answer: Shax Question: Along with sport, games, literature, dress and festivals, what is a notable Somali cultural tradition? Answer: martial arts

Context: Carnival means weeks of events that bring colourfully decorated floats, contagiously throbbing music, luxuriously costumed groups of celebrants of all ages, King and Queen elections, electrifying jump-ups and torchlight parades, the Jouvert morning: the Children's Parades and finally the Grand Parade. Aruba's biggest celebration is a month-long affair consisting of festive "jump-ups" (street parades), spectacular parades and creative contests. Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role, from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade. Street parades continue in various districts throughout the month, with brass band, steel drum and roadmarch tunes. On the evening before Lent, Carnival ends with the symbolic burning of King Momo. Question: What contagiously throbs during the week of events? Answer: music Question: How long does Aruba's biggest celebration last? Answer: a month Question: What type of costumes play a central role in the Queen elections? Answer: flamboyant Question: What continues in various districts throughout the month of the Carnival? Answer: Street parades Question: When is King Mom symbolically burnt? Answer: On the evening before Lent

Context: On 27 August 2007, Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group, the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia, announced an agreement to re-brand some 269 service stations across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, subject to obtaining regulatory approvals under the different competition laws in each country. On April 2010 Shell announced that the corporation is in process of trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland and is doing similar market research concerning Swedish operations. On October 2010 Shell's gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden were sold to St1, a Finnish energy company, more precisely to its major shareholding parent company Keele Oy. Shell branded gas stations will be rebranded within maximum of five years from the acquisition and the number of gas stations is likely to be reduced. Until then the stations will operate under Shell brand licence. Question: What company was the owner of the 7-Eleven brand in Scandinavia? Answer: Reitan Group Question: In what year did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group announce an agreement? Answer: 2007 Question: How many service stations did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group agree to re-brand? Answer: some 269 Question: Shell announced it was in the process of doing what in April 2010? Answer: trying to find a potential buyer for all of its operations in Finland Question: In October 2010, Shell sold what to St1? Answer: gas stations and the heavy vehicle fuel supply networks in Finland and Sweden, along with a refinery located in Gothenburg, Sweden Question: How many service stations did Royal Dutch Shell and Reitan Group re-brand in Norway alone? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long will it take to rebrand the service stations in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Shell by gas stations and heavy vehicle supply networks from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did St1 and Reitan Group announce an agreement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What parent company did Shell sell to in April 2010? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2–4 km. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. While many international oil companies have operated there for decades, by 2014 most were making moves to divest their interests, citing a range of issues including oil theft. In August 2014, Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields. Question: When was the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field found? Answer: 1973 Question: What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field? Answer: 2–4 km Question: What type of geology is the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field? Answer: middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap Question: How long have international oil companies been in Nigeria? Answer: decades

Context: In March 2015, the winds and storm surge created by Cyclone Pam resulted in waves of 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) breaking over the reef of the outer islands caused damage to houses, crops and infrastructure. On Nui the sources of fresh water were destroyed or contaminated. The flooding in Nui and Nukufetau caused many families to shelter in evacuation centres or with other families. Nui suffered the most damage of the three central islands (Nui, Nukufetau and Vaitupu); with both Nui and Nukufetau suffering the loss of 90% of the crops. Of the three northern islands (Nanumanga, Niutao, Nanumea), Nanumanga suffered the most damage, with 60-100 houses flooded, with the waves also causing damage to the health facility. Vasafua islet, part of the Funafuti Conservation Area, was severely damaged by Cyclone Pam. The coconut palms were washed away, leaving the islet as a sand bar. Question: What were the wave heights during Cyclone Pam on Tuvalu? Answer: 3 metres (9.8 ft) to 5 metres (16 ft) Question: In what year did Cyclone Pam strike Tuvalu? Answer: March 2015 Question: During Cyclone Pam which island had the most damage? Answer: Nui Question: What percentage of Tuvalu crops were destroyed during Cyclone Pam? Answer: 90% Question: The loss of what caused the Vasafua islet to become a sand bar due to Cyclone Pam? Answer: coconut palms

Context: From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change. However, there is a clear, five-level linguistic development of Vedic from the Rigveda to the language of the Upanishads and the earliest sutras such as the Baudhayana sutras. Question: When was the time of Panini? Answer: fourth century BCE Question: What type of text is the Samaveda? Answer: Vedic texts Question: What was Sanskrit used for? Answer: sacred purposes Question: How was Sanskrit viewed to be in relation to maintaining class? Answer: conservative Question: To what did the use of Sanskrit as a upper class language produce a resistance ? Answer: change Question: When was the Samaveda witten? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language was used for philisophical purposes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What allowed sanskrit to change linguistically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: how many linguistic developments are there of Riveda from Vedic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What century can the development of the early Vedic language be traced to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What factors supported the process of linguistic change? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which early sutras did not follow the five-level linguistic development? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did upper class conservatives advocate in the use of language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What levels of linguistic development did Sanskrit bypass? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: On 7 June 1950, Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5–8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15–17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected. On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan. Question: Who called for Korean elections in 1950? Answer: Kim Il-sung Question: Who rejected the peace gesture? Answer: Rhee Question: What did Kim Il-Sung do after the peace overture was rejected? Answer: revised his war plan Question: Why did Kim's war plan need revising? Answer: South Korean agents had learned about the plans Question: When did Kim Il-Sung call for the Haeju conference? Answer: 1950

Context: In modern times, the Javanese are the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia, with more than 100 million people, mostly concentrated in Java, Indonesia. In Burma, the Burmese account for more than two-thirds of the ethnic stock in this country, while ethnic Thais and Vietnamese account for about four-fifths of the respective populations of those countries. Indonesia is clearly dominated by the Javanese and Sundanese ethnic groups, while Malaysia is split between half Malays and one-quarter Chinese. Within the Philippines, the Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon groups are significant. Question: name the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia. Answer: the Javanese Question: Which ethnic groups dominate in Indonesia? Answer: Javanese and Sundanese Question: The Tagalog, Cebuano,Ilocano & Hiligaynon groups are significant within which country in Southeast Asia? Answer: Philippines Question: The ethnic groups Malays & Chinese are predominant in which country? Answer: Malaysia Question: What is currently the smallest ethnic group in Southeast Asia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group makes up two-thirds of the population of Southeast Asia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two groups make up four-fifths of the population of Southeast Asia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are the Malays and Chinese a minority? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century musical albums such as Led Zeppelin IV (1971) and Love Symbol Album (1993); an album cover may potentially contain any graphics, but in writing and other computation these symbols are difficult to use. Question: What can be easily coined by writing on paper? Answer: characters Question: What can be difficult to represent on a computer? Answer: characters Question: What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century? Answer: symbols

Context: The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems. Question: When was Bertrand Russell born? Answer: 1872 Question: When did Bertrand Russell die? Answer: 1970 Question: What did Frege say about math? Answer: all mathematical truths are logical Question: What did Wittgenstein say about logic? Answer: all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies Question: What are pseudoproblems? Answer: most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems Question: When was Frege's thesis published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Wittgenstein born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Wittgenstein die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a neopositivist? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What gave a sentence meaning? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component. Question: What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA? Answer: E. coli Question: What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA? Answer: C. elegans and fruit fly Question: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes? Answer: 20% Question: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a minority component in E. coli? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do some plants and amphibians only have? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000." DCS is reported to stand for "Digital Collection System"; the system has the same functions as before. The Associated Press reported in mid-January 2005 that the FBI essentially abandoned the use of Carnivore in 2001, in favor of commercially available software, such as NarusInsight. Question: What was the electronic eavesdropping system used by the FBI during the Clinton presidency? Answer: Carnivore Question: What did Carnivore monitor? Answer: email and electronic communications Question: What was Carnivore renamed to? Answer: DCS1000 Question: When did the FBI abandon Carnivore? Answer: 2001 Question: What kind of software replaced Carnivore? Answer: commercially available Question: What was the name DCS1000 changed to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What software system received prolonged positive coverage in the press? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What administration did the CIA implement Carnivore under? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the FBI stop using commercially available software? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of software that is not available commercially? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Early research into circadian rhythms suggested that most people preferred a day closer to 25 hours when isolated from external stimuli like daylight and timekeeping. However, this research was faulty because it failed to shield the participants from artificial light. Although subjects were shielded from time cues (like clocks) and daylight, the researchers were not aware of the phase-delaying effects of indoor electric lights.[dubious – discuss] The subjects were allowed to turn on light when they were awake and to turn it off when they wanted to sleep. Electric light in the evening delayed their circadian phase.[citation needed] A more stringent study conducted in 1999 by Harvard University estimated the natural human rhythm to be closer to 24 hours, 11 minutes: much closer to the solar day but still not perfectly in sync. Question: What did early research show people preferred as a day length? Answer: 25 hours Question: What was the fault not considered in the early theories of day length? Answer: artificial light Question: What did electric lighting in the evening do to the test subjects circadian phase? Answer: delayed Question: When did more stringent testing determine that humans preferred a 24 hour day? Answer: 1999 Question: To what is the 24 hours, 11 minutes day outcome of research closest ? Answer: solar day Question: Who prefers a 25 hour day when exposed to stimuli like daylight? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the research shield the participants from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was aware of the phase-delaying effect of indoor ekectric lights? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did testing determine peple preferred a 25 hour day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who estimated the human rythem was in perfect sinc with the solar day? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law. Question: What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ? Answer: lawyers, judges Question: What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law? Answer: civilly-binding force Question: What does J.C.B. stand for? Answer: Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus Question: What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.? Answer: Bachelor of Canon Law Question: What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law? Answer: Juris Canonici Licentiatus Question: What is not fully developed in the Catholic Church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of binding forces does the Catholic Church have that are not in most secular jurisdictions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the non-academic degrees in Canon law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are usually not pre-request for studying canon law? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures. Question: Where did the mythical Greek gods live? Answer: Mount Olympus Question: The main gods of ancient Greece known as the what? Answer: Dodekatheon Question: The most important of the ancient gods was who? Answer: Zeus Question: Zeus was married to which goddess? Answer: Hera Question: Who was Zeus's sister? Answer: Hera

Context: Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation. Following the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Greece and Turkey agreed to a population transfer based on cultural and religious identity. About 500,000 Muslims from Greece, predominantly those defined as Turks, but also Greek Muslims like the Vallahades of western Macedonia, were exchanged with approximately 1,500,000 Greeks from Turkey. However, many refugees who settled in former Ottoman Muslim villages in Central Macedonia and were defined as Christian Orthodox Caucasus Greeks arrived from the former Russian Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast after it had been retroceded to Turkey but in the few years before the official population exchange. Question: What is the religious minority in Greece? Answer: Muslim Question: The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city? Answer: Thrace Question: Immigrants from Albania are usually what religion? Answer: Muslim Question: Greek Muslims were in a population exchange with what country? Answer: Turkey

Context: The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size. On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size. Question: A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size? Answer: twice as large Question: A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size? Answer: ten times Question: The biggest difference between brains of mammals and other vertebrates is what? Answer: size.

Context: A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps. Question: What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament? Answer: an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode Question: What was a common application for this type of bulb? Answer: scientific instruments such as microscopes Question: When was this style of lamp developed? Answer: 1915 Question: What displaced this style of lamp? Answer: mercury and xenon arc lamps Question: What type of lamp used a hot wire filament? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of lamp did not use an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not a common use for this type of bulb? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of lamp typically ran on relatively high voltages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of lamp provided a low concentrated light that was harder to operate? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The first department store in the Philippines is the Hoskyn's Department Store of Hoskyn & Co. established in 1877 in Iloilo by the Englishman Henry Hoskyn, nephew of Nicholas Loney, the first British vice-consul in Iloilo. Some of the earliest department stores in the Philippines were located in Manila as early as 1898 with the opening of the American Bazaar, which was later named Beck's. During the course of the American occupation of the Philippines, many department stores were built throughout the city, many of which were located in Escolta. Heacock's, a luxury department store, was considered as the best department store in the Orient. Other department stores included Aguinaldo's, La Puerta del Sol, Estrella del Norte, and the Crystal Arcade, all of which were destroyed during the Battle of Manila in 1945. After the war, department stores were once again alive with the establishment of Shoemart (now SM), and Rustan's. Since the foundation of these companies in the 1950s, there are now more than one hundred department stores to date. At present, due to the huge success of shopping malls, department stores in the Philippines usually are anchor tenants within malls. SM Supermalls and Robinsons Malls are two of the country's most prominent mall chains, all of which has Department Store sections. Question: When was the first department store in the Philippines opened? Answer: 1877 Question: Who opened some of the first department stores in the Philippines? Answer: Henry Hoskyn Question: Where were some of the original Philippine stores located? Answer: Manila Question: What historical event led to many department stores in the area being destroyed? Answer: Battle of Manila in 1945 Question: When were the companies Shoemart and Rustan's established? Answer: 1950s Question: When was the first department store in the Philippines closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the last department store in the Philippines opened? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who closed some of the first department stores in the Philippines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were some of the newest Philippines stores located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What historical event led to many department stores in the area being saved? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Another limitation of current U.S. Intellectual Property legislation is its focus on individual and joint works; thus, copyright protection can only be obtained in 'original' works of authorship. This definition excludes any works that are the result of community creativity, for example Native American songs and stories; current legislation does not recognize the uniqueness of indigenous cultural "property" and its ever-changing nature. Simply asking native cultures to 'write down' their cultural artifacts on tangible mediums ignores their necessary orality and enforces a Western bias of the written form as more authoritative. Question: What type of creativity is excluded from the US definition of IP? Answer: community creativity Question: What doesn't current US IP law recognize the uniqueness of? Answer: indigenous cultural "property" Question: Requiring written records enforces what kind of bias? Answer: Western Question: The Western bias is that what form is more authoritative? Answer: written Question: Who includes common creativity in their definition of intellectual property? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does current US IP law recognize the uniqueness of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What bias is eliminated by asking native cultures to write down their cultural artifacts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What definition includes any works that are result of community creativity? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname "the Pilgrim Pope". With his travels he opened new avenues for the papacy, which were continued by his successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964, to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay, India and Bogotá, Colombia. In 1966, however, he was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. In 1967, however, fifty years after the first apparition, he visited Fátima in Portugal. He undertook a pastoral visit to Africa in 1969. On 27 November 1970 he was the target of an assassination attempt at Manila International Airport in the Philippines. He was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores, who was subdued by the pope's personal bodyguard and trip organizer, Msgr. Paul Marcinkus. Question: How many continents did Paul Vi visit as pope? Answer: six Question: What was Paul Vi's nickname during his papacy? Answer: the Pilgrim Pope Question: In what year did Paul VI journey to the Holy Land? Answer: 1964 Question: In what country was an assignation attempt made on the life of Paul VI? Answer: Manila Question: Who organized Paul Vi's visit to Manila? Answer: Msgr. Paul Marcinkus

Context: In game play, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a team-mate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted. Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of the rules. After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart. Question: Who guards the goal? Answer: goalkeeper Question: Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron? Answer: referee Question: what is allowed but restricted? Answer: physical contact Question: Besides a referee interfering, when else is play stopped? Answer: when the ball has left the field of play Question: Who is not allowed to guard the goal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the only one who does not have the authority to stop the game when something is wrong? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not allowed but restricted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is play not allowed to be stopped? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens before a stoppage? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken. Question: How many periods are in a standard football match? Answer: two Question: How long are each period in a standard football match? Answer: 45 Question: What are the periods in a football match called? Answer: halves Question: Who gets to decide how long stoppage time can go on for? Answer: referee Question: In what year did an incident help introduce added time? Answer: 1891 Question: How many periods are in a non-standard football match? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long are each period in a non-standard football match? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the periods in a football match never called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has no influence on how long stoppage time can go on for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did an incident reduce additional time? Answer: Unanswerable