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Context: In the spring of 1854 the Russians again advanced, crossing the Danube River into the Turkish province of Dobruja. By April 1854, the Russians had reached the lines of Trajan's Wall where they were finally halted. In the center, the Russian forces crossed the Danube and laid siege to Silistra from 14 April with 60,000 troops, the defenders with 15,000 had supplies for three months.:415 The siege was lifted on 23 June 1854. The English and French forces at this time were unable to take the field for lack of equipment.:415 Question: Who advanced on Dobruja in the spring of 1854? Answer: the Russians Question: What river did the Russians cross to get to Dobruja? Answer: Danube River Question: How man troops did the Russians have when they attacked Silistra ? Answer: 60,000 troops Question: When did the siege of Silistra end? Answer: 23 June 1854 Question: Why couldn't the French and English take control of the field? Answer: lack of equipment

Context: Napoleon would end up leaving Iberia in order to deal with the Austrians in Central Europe, but the Peninsular War continued on long after his absence. He never returned to Spain after the 1808 campaign. Several months after Corunna, the British sent another army to the peninsula under the future Duke of Wellington. The war then settled into a complex and asymmetric strategic deadlock where all sides struggled to gain the upper hand. The highlight of the conflict became the brutal guerrilla warfare that engulfed much of the Spanish countryside. Both sides committed the worst atrocities of the Napoleonic Wars during this phase of the conflict. The vicious guerrilla fighting in Spain, largely absent from the French campaigns in Central Europe, severely disrupted the French lines of supply and communication. Although France maintained roughly 300,000 troops in Iberia during the Peninsular War, the vast majority were tied down to garrison duty and to intelligence operations. The French were never able to concentrate all of their forces effectively, prolonging the war until events elsewhere in Europe finally turned the tide in favor of the Allies. After the invasion of Russia in 1812, the number of French troops in Spain vastly declined as Napoleon needed reinforcements to conserve his strategic position in Europe. By 1814, after scores of battles and sieges throughout Iberia, the Allies had managed to push the French out of the peninsula. Question: Napoleon left Iberia for Central Europe to deal with whom? Answer: the Austrians Question: Approximately how many French troops were kept in Iberia during the Peninsular War? Answer: 300,000 Question: During the Peninsular War, in what country did guerrilla warfare frequently occur? Answer: Spain Question: By what year did the Allies force the French out of the Iberian peninsula? Answer: 1814 Question: In what year did the invasion of Russia take place? Answer: 1812

Context: The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)." Question: In what year did the Human Development Report introduce the IHDI? Answer: 2010 Question: What does IHDI stand for? Answer: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index Question: Which measures the potential development, the HDI or the IHDI? Answer: the HDI Question: What happened in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does IHDI2 stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which measures the potential underdevelopment, the HDI or the IHDI? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In ring-porous woods each season's growth is always well defined, because the large pores formed early in the season abut on the denser tissue of the year before. Question: What kind of woods always have very clearly marked seasonal growth? Answer: ring-porous Question: What size pores form early in ring-porous woods' growing season? Answer: large Question: When does the denser tissue the new pores abut come from? Answer: the year before

Context: The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress—it was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years (Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi); and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues. Question: Have the changes in Burmese law been of benefit to the country in international views ? Answer: approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton Question: Who was the United States Secretary of State who visited Myanmar in 2014? Answer: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton Question: How long was the interval between the visits from the United States Secretary of State officials ? Answer: more than fifty years Question: What political party does Aung San Suu Kyi belong to ? Answer: National League for Democracy (NLD) party

Context: Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area. Question: Along with law and finance, what is a major component of Richmond's economy? Answer: government Question: What circuit of the US Court of Appeals is based in Richmond? Answer: Fourth Question: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States? Answer: 13 Question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist? Answer: 12 Question: Along with MeadWestvaco, what Fortune 500 company is based in Richmond? Answer: Dominion Resources

Context: A source of definition difficulty in relativity arises from two definitions of mass in common use, one of which is formally equivalent to total energy (and is thus observer dependent), and the other of which is referred to as rest mass or invariant mass and is independent of the observer. Only "rest mass" is loosely equated with matter (since it can be weighed). Invariant mass is usually applied in physics to unbound systems of particles. However, energies which contribute to the "invariant mass" may be weighed also in special circumstances, such as when a system that has invariant mass is confined and has no net momentum (as in the box example above). Thus, a photon with no mass may (confusingly) still add mass to a system in which it is trapped. The same is true of the kinetic energy of particles, which by definition is not part of their rest mass, but which does add rest mass to systems in which these particles reside (an example is the mass added by the motion of gas molecules of a bottle of gas, or by the thermal energy of any hot object). Question: How many difficulties are there in defining mass? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is invariant mass equivalent to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of systems is rest mass applied to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Invariant mass cannot be weighed when a system has no what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Kinetic energy cannot add what kind of mass to a system? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God is not believed to exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent". Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God. Question: In what belief is God the creator and sustainer of the universe? Answer: theism Question: What does deism believe God's role in the universe is? Answer: the creator, but not the sustainer Question: Which belief is that God is the universe? Answer: pantheism Question: Which belief system definitively believes in no Higher Power or Supreme Being? Answer: atheism Question: Which belief system belives in some form of higher powwer, or something, but not organized religion? Answer: agnosticism Question: What is God in theism? Answer: creator and sustainer of the universe Question: What is God in deism? Answer: the creator Question: What is monotheism? Answer: belief in the existence of one God Question: What is atheism? Answer: God is not believed to exist Question: What two attributes describe God in deism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In theism what does God not do regarding the universe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to monotheism, what does God consist of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When you are an agnostic, what do you think doesn't exist? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have many notable agnostics developed about pantheism? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In 2002, IBM acquired PwC consulting. In 2003 it initiated a project to redefine company values. Using its Jam technology, it hosted a three-day Internet-based online discussion of key business issues with 50,000 employees. Results were data mined with sophisticated text analysis software (eClassifier) for common themes. Three emerged, expressed as: "Dedication to every client's success", "Innovation that matters—for our company and for the world", and "Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships". Another three-day Jam took place in 2004, with 52,000 employees discussing ways to implement company values in practice. Question: One company that IBM acquired in 2002 is? Answer: PwC consulting Question: In 2003 IBM hosted an online discussion with how many employees? Answer: 50,000 employees Question: What technology did IBM use for its 2003 internet-based discussion? Answer: Jam technology Question: What did IBM use to analyze the results from the online discussion? Answer: eClassifier Question: How many employees took part in the subsequent online discussion in 2004? Answer: 52,000 employees Question: What company did PwC consulting acquire in 2003? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did employees introduce to change company values? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many employees worked at PwC consulting in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did employees discuss at the second Jam event put on by PwC consulting in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the first discussion take place hosted by PwC consulting in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 18 white firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no black firefighters scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted. In the subsequent Ricci v. DeStefano decision the court found 5-4 that New Haven's decision to ignore the test results violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a result, a district court subsequently ordered the city to promote 14 of the white firefighters. Question: In what year did the U.S. Supreme Court entertain a lawsuit filed by 18 New Haven firefighters against the city of New Haven? Answer: 2009 Question: What was the distinguishing issue of the lawsuit over which 18 white firefighters in New Haven sought relief from the U.S. Supreme Court? Answer: reverse discrimination Question: What was the name of the case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the city of New Haven had violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by denying any firefighter a promotion? Answer: Ricci v. DeStefano Question: In what year did low scores of black firefighters on a promotion test issued by the New Haven Fire Department ultimately halt promotions for all firefighters of any race in the city? Answer: 2003 Question: How many of the 18 white firefighters received promotions via district court order to the city of New Haven following the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in favor of the petitioning firefighters? Answer: 14 Question: What was the decision from the 2009 Supreme Court Case? Answer: to ignore the test results Question: The Court case was involve between which two parties? Answer: firefighters against the city Question: What did the city do after the fail test scores for promotions? Answer: no one would be promoted Question: Out of how many of the white fireman got a promotion afterwards? Answer: 14 of the white firefighters

Context: Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia's decision to restrict sales of hemp. Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia. Question: In what year did the British government include Norfolk Island as a auxiliary settlement? Answer: 1786 Question: Who proposed the idea to include Norfolk Island as a British auxiliary settlement in 1786? Answer: John Call Question: In including Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, what Australian state did the British government plan to colonise? Answer: New South Wales Question: What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island? Answer: Empress Catherine II of Russia Question: Where was the majority of the hemp and flax used by the Royal Navy imported from? Answer: Russia Question: What year did the German government include Norfolk Island as a auxiliary settlement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rejected the idea to include Norfolk Island as a British auxiliary settlement in 1786? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What German state did the British government plan to colonise while including Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What woman influenced the decision by the Russians to settle Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the majority of the cheese and wine used by the Royal Navy imported from? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim as per their accession or state-hood deals. Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President's Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state. Question: What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism? Answer: asymmetric Question: What does Article 370 say? Answer: special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession Question: What does Article 371 say? Answer: special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim Question: What happens with President's Rule? Answer: the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months Question: What isn't a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Article 307 say? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Article 317 say? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What never happens with President's Rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens with Prime Minister's Rule? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The official language of Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German. Question: What is the official language of Bern? Answer: German

Context: The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three museums) is the most spectacular. Other buildings of its kind are the "Hôtel de Hanau" (1736, now the city hall), the Hôtel de Klinglin (1736, now residence of the préfet), the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts (1755, now residence of the military governor), the Hôtel d'Andlau-Klinglin (1725, now seat of the administration of the Port autonome de Strasbourg) etc. The largest baroque building of Strasbourg though is the 150 m (490 ft) long 1720s main building of the Hôpital civil. As for French Neo-classicism, it is the Opera House on Place Broglie that most prestigiously represents this style. Question: How many museums does the Palais Rohan hold? Answer: three Question: What did the city hall used to be known as? Answer: Hôtel de Hanau Question: What is the largest baroque building in Strasbourg? Answer: Hôpital civil Question: Where is the Opera House located? Answer: Place Broglie Question: What did the military governors residence used to be called? Answer: Hôtel des Deux-Ponts Question: In what year was the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What style of building is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How tall is the Palais Rohan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How tall is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long is the Opera House on Place Broglie? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Iranian art encompasses many disciplines, including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking, and stonemasonry. The Median and Achaemenid empires left a significant classical art scene which remained as basic influences for the art of the later eras. Art of the Parthians was a mixture of Iranian and Hellenistic artworks, with their main motifs being scenes of royal hunting expeditions and investitures. The Sassanid art played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art, which carried forward to the Islamic world, and much of what later became known as Islamic learning, such as philology, literature, jurisprudence, philosophy, medicine, architecture, and science, were of Sassanid basis. Question: The Achaemind Empire along with what other group became the foundation for the art in later Iranian history? Answer: The Median Question: A blend of Iranian and what other type of artwork were the Parthians' art comprised of? Answer: Hellenistic Question: What Iranian art played a major role in the formation of medieval art from Europe and Asia? Answer: Sassanid art Question: The Sassanid became a cornerstone of what type of learning? Answer: Islamic learning

Context: The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge (roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn) was established within the former borders of Yonkers. Question: How many counties did New York originally have? Answer: 12 Question: Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx? Answer: Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham Question: When was West Farms created? Answer: 1846 Question: When was Morrisania created? Answer: 1855 Question: When was the town of Kingsbridge created? Answer: 1873

Context: On September 13, 2009, during the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards while Taylor Swift was accepting her award for Best Female Video for "You Belong with Me", West went on stage and grabbed the microphone to proclaim that Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated for the same award, was "one of the best videos of all time". He was subsequently removed from the remainder of the show for his actions. When Beyoncé later won the award for Best Video of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", she called Swift up on stage so that she could finish her acceptance speech. West was criticized by various celebrities for the outburst, and by President Barack Obama, who called West a "jackass". In addition, West's VMA disruption sparked a large influx of Internet photo memes with blogs, forums and "tweets" with the "Let you finish" photo-jokes. He posted a Tweet soon after the event where he stated, "Everybody wanna booooo me but I'm a fan of real pop culture... I'm not crazy y'all, I'm just real." He then posted two apologies for the outburst on his personal blog; one on the night of the incident, and the other the following day, when he also apologized during an appearance on The Jay Leno Show. After Swift appeared on The View two days after the outburst, partly to discuss the matter, West called her to apologize personally. Swift said she accepted his apology. Question: What artist's award reception did Kanye interrupt onstage at the 2009 MTV VMAs? Answer: Taylor Swift Question: Which U.S. President criticized Kanye for his VMA outburst? Answer: Obama Question: Which President called Kanye West a jackass for his behavior at the 2009 VMAs? Answer: President Barack Obama

Context: A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once. Question: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams? Answer: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie Question: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'? Answer: they ride into the sunset Question: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg? Answer: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma Question: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film? Answer: Tony Kushner and David Koepp Question: What was the first movie John Williams ever scored? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who scored The Color Purple? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Bridge of Spies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Twilight Zone: The Movie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Saving Private Ryan? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: One of the league's early success stories was the Detroit Drive. A primary team for some of the AFL's most highly regarded players, including George LaFrance and Gary and Alvin Rettig, as well as being a second career chance for quarterback Art Schlichter, the Drive regularly played before sold out crowds at Joe Louis Arena, and went to the ArenaBowl every year of their existence (1988–1993). The AFL's first dynasty came to an end when their owner, Mike Ilitch (who also owned Little Caesars Pizza and the Detroit Red Wings) bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team and sold the AFL team. Question: What team did Art Schlichter play for? Answer: Detroit Drive Question: Where did the Detroit Drive play their home games? Answer: Joe Louis Arena Question: In what year did the Drive go to their first Arena Bowl? Answer: 1988 Question: Who owned the Detroit Drive in this period? Answer: Mike Ilitch Question: What team did the owner of the Detroit Drive buy that led him to sell the Drive? Answer: Detroit Tigers

Context: The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation. The 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset. The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bath Green Park (and another one to Bristol); the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe. The former lines of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway closed completely, as has the branch of the Midland Railway to Bath Green Park (and to Bristol St Philips); however, the L&SWR survived as a part of the present West of England Main Line. None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified. Two branch lines, the West and East Somerset Railways, were rescued and transferred back to private ownership as "heritage" lines. The fifth railway was a short-lived light railway, the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway. The West Somerset Mineral Railway carried the iron ore from the Brendon Hills to Watchet. Question: How long were canals used Answer: usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation Question: What was built int the 19th century Answer: 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset Question: How many railways served the county Answer: The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies Question: Were any of the railways electrified Answer: None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified. Question: What railways lines are still in use today Answer: The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe Question: Where does the Great Western Railway go to from Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Beeching Axe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Dorset Joint Railway closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of these lines are electrified outside of Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who now owns the West Somerset Railway? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: China: The torch returned to China for the first time since April. The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan. The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way. Question: After its April departure, when did the torch return to China? Answer: May 4 Question: What actor attended a torch celebration in China? Answer: Jackie Chan Question: When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan? Answer: May 4 Question: When was the last time the torch had been in China? Answer: April. Question: Who attended the celebrations? Answer: IOC Question: Which actor also attended the celebrations? Answer: Jackie Chan.

Context: The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: "They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout. Question: A movie adaptation of the book was released in what year? Answer: 1962 Question: Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same title? Answer: Gregory Peck Question: Which actor received An Oscar for his role of Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the book? Answer: Gregory Peck

Context: The main party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, were all depicted holding a copy of the special issue in publicity material. Miliband's decision to pose with a copy of The Sun received a strong response. Organisations representing the relatives of Hillsborough victims described Miliband's action as an "absolute disgrace" and he faced criticism too from Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson. A statement was issued on 13 June explaining that Miliband "was promoting England's bid to win the World Cup", although "he understands the anger that is felt towards the Sun over Hillsborough by many people in Merseyside and he is sorry to those who feel offended." Question: Who were the main leaders of the ruling party? Answer: David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband Question: Who criticized Milliband for posing with a copy of The Sun showing the Hillsborough disaster? Answer: Liverpool Labour MPs and the city's Labour Mayor, Joe Anderson Question: How did Milliband explain posing with this newspaper? Answer: promoting England's bid to win the World Cup Question: Who was the Labour Mayour of Liverpool? Answer: Joe Anderson Question: What emotion did many people feel over The Sun's coverage of Hillsborough? Answer: anger

Context: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East. Under the Secretary of State, it implements the official diplomacy of the United States, called also statecraft by Secretary Clinton. The name of the bureau is traditional and historic. There is, however, no distinct Middle East. All official Middle Eastern affairs are referred to this bureau. Question: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs is a division of what? Answer: the United States Department of State Question: What is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East? Answer: The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs Question: Secretary Clinton also calls the implementation of official diplomacy of the United States what? Answer: statecraft

Context: Idol Gives Back is a special charity event started in season six featuring performances by celebrities and various fund-raising initiatives. This event was also held in seasons seven and nine and has raised nearly $185 million in total. Question: What is the name of the special that raises money for charities on American Idol? Answer: Idol Gives Back Question: How much money has American Idol raised for charity with its Idol Gives Back specials? Answer: $185 million Question: What is the name of the charity that Idol has? Answer: Idol Gives Back Question: When was the first Idol Gives Back? Answer: season six

Context: Shared doctrines would include beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus; the Trinity; the need for salvation (through belief in Jesus Christ as the son of God, his death and resurrection, and confession of Christ as Lord); grace; the Kingdom of God; last things (eschatology) (Jesus Christ will return personally and visibly in glory to the earth, the dead will be raised, and Christ will judge everyone in righteousness); and evangelism and missions. Some historically significant Baptist doctrinal documents include the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith, 1742 Philadelphia Baptist Confession, the 1833 New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith, the Southern Baptist Convention's Baptist Faith and Message, and written church covenants which some individual Baptist churches adopt as a statement of their faith and beliefs. Question: Beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus are examples of what? Answer: Shared doctrines Question: When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith created? Answer: 1689 Question: When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession created? Answer: 1742 Question: When was the New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith created? Answer: 1833 Question: When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith removed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession removed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What belief was not shared by doctrines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was seen as the father of God? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Information resources may contain hyperlinks to other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI, and the process of bringing content to the user begins again. Question: What can resources have to connect to other resources? Answer: hyperlinks Question: How does a user read URI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does a computer create hyperlinks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when a hyperlink is created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes a computer take longer to find information? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when a user can't find information? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century. Question: What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth? Answer: slave trade Question: When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port? Answer: 1770 Question: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1708? Answer: slaves Question: People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement? Answer: the Great Migration Question: When did the Great Migration occur? Answer: the early 20th century Question: What unlucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Charles Town become the fifth largest colonial port? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1780? Answer: Unanswerable Question: People of African descent were the minority in Charleston until what mass movement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When didn't the Great Migration occur? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recognized "Nuclear Weapons States" under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and maintain military expenditures which are among the largest in the world. However, there is no unanimous agreement among authorities as to the current status of these powers or what precisely defines a great power. For example, sources have at times referred to China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom as middle powers. Question: What countries are recognized as Nuclear Weapons States? Answer: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States Question: How many countries are permanent seats on the UN Security Council? Answer: five Question: What other countries are referred to as middle powers? Answer: China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom Question: What treaty addresses nuclear weapons? Answer: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Question: What treaty addresses global political and economic dominance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What five countries are referred to as middle powers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why Are China, France, Russia, the UK and the US seen as by middle powers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is there not consensus on among nations regarding powers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do the five nations have as middle powers on the UN Security Council? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The governing bodies in each country operate league systems in a domestic season, normally comprising several divisions, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results. Teams are placed into tables, placing them in order according to points accrued. Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home and away in each season, in a round-robin tournament. At the end of a season, the top team is declared the champion. The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are relegated to a lower division. Question: What do teams gain for doing well throughout the season? Answer: points Question: What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in regular season? Answer: round-robin Question: What could happen to the top few teams at the end of the season? Answer: promoted to a higher division Question: What happens to the teams at the bottom of the ranks at the end of the season? Answer: relegated to a lower division Question: Who operate league systems? Answer: governing bodies Question: What do teams lose for doing well throughout the season? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in off-season? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who avoid league systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to the worst team at the end of the season? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which teams are banned from competition? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Chopin's disease and the cause of his death have since been a matter of discussion. His death certificate gave the cause as tuberculosis, and his physician, Jean Cruveilhier, was then the leading French authority on this disease. Other possibilities have been advanced including cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the attribution of tuberculosis as principal cause of death has not been disproved. Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government. Question: What is listed as Chopin's official cause of death? Answer: tuberculosis Question: What was the name of Chopin's doctor? Answer: Jean Cruveilhier Question: What has the Polish government not allowed to find true cause of death? Answer: DNA testing Question: What was the cause of death on Chopin's death certificate? Answer: tuberculosis Question: Who was Chopin's physician? Answer: Jean Cruveilhier Question: Other possiblities for Chopin's death include cirrhosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and what? Answer: cystic fibrosis Question: Who has denied testing Chopin's DNA to determine the actual cause of death? Answer: the Polish government.

Context: Switzerland has an overwhelmingly private sector economy and low tax rates by Western World standards; overall taxation is one of the smallest of developed countries. Switzerland is a relatively easy place to do business, currently ranking 20th of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index. The slow growth Switzerland experienced in the 1990s and the early 2000s has brought greater support for economic reforms and harmonization with the European Union. According to Credit Suisse, only about 37% of residents own their own homes, one of the lowest rates of home ownership in Europe. Housing and food price levels were 171% and 145% of the EU-25 index in 2007, compared to 113% and 104% in Germany. Question: How is Switzerland ranked of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index? Answer: 20th Question: According to Credit Suisse, what percentage of residents own their homes? Answer: about 37% Question: How do Switzerland's tax rates compare by Western World standards? Answer: low

Context: Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century. Question: What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance? Answer: Age of Enlightenment Question: Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians? Answer: Baltic Germans Question: Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture? Answer: Estophile educated class Question: Who conquered the ancient Estonians? Answer: Danes and Germans Question: When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end? Answer: 13th century Question: What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not want their future to be fused with Estonians? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who had did not like the ancient Estonian culture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who conquered the ancient Danes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who conquered the ancient Germans? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Upon this basis, along with that of the logical content of assertions (where logical content is inversely proportional to probability), Popper went on to develop his important notion of verisimilitude or "truthlikeness". The intuitive idea behind verisimilitude is that the assertions or hypotheses of scientific theories can be objectively measured with respect to the amount of truth and falsity that they imply. And, in this way, one theory can be evaluated as more or less true than another on a quantitative basis which, Popper emphasises forcefully, has nothing to do with "subjective probabilities" or other merely "epistemic" considerations. Question: What term does Popper use that roughly means verisimilitude? Answer: truthlikeness Question: Poppers notion of verisimilitude leaves no place for which kind of probabilities in the evaluation of scientific hypotheses? Answer: subjective Question: What class of considerations did Popper believe were not important in scientific measurement? Answer: epistemic Question: What is the logical content of hypotheses inversely proportional to in Popper's reasoning? Answer: probability Question: What term means the opposite of verisimilitude? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Popper's unimportant notion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can never be evaluated as more or less true than another on an quantitative basis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Popper emphasize has a lot to do with subjective probabilities? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: where the uncertainty is given as the standard deviation of the measured value from its expected value. There are a number of other such pairs of physically measurable values which obey a similar rule. One example is time vs. energy. The either-or nature of uncertainty forces measurement attempts to choose between trade offs, and given that they are quanta, the trade offs often take the form of either-or (as in Fourier analysis), rather than the compromises and gray areas of time series analysis. Question: What measurable value obeys a similar rule of angular momentum? Answer: time vs. energy Question: What forces measurement attempts to choose between trade-offs, in quanta? Answer: either-or nature of uncertainty Question: What form do measurement attempt trade-offs for quanta take the form of? Answer: either-or (as in Fourier analysis) Question: How is uncertainly measured in this experience? Answer: the standard deviation of the measured value from its expected value Question: What type of analysis fits the either-or nature of the uncertainty? Answer: Fourier analysis Question: What example is given as another paired relationship of uncertainly related to standard deviation? Answer: time vs. energy Question: What measurable value avoids a similar rule of angular momentum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What forces measurement never chooses between trade-offs, in quanta? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What form do measurement attempt trade-offs for quanta avoid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of analysis fits the either-and nature of certainty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What example is given as another paired relationship of certainty related to deviation? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The air offensive against the RAF and British industry failed to have the desired effect. More might have been achieved had the OKL exploited their enemy's weak spot, the vulnerability of British sea communications. The Allies did so later when Bomber Command attacked rail communications and the United States Army Air Forces targeted oil, but that would have required an economic-industrial analysis of which the Luftwaffe was incapable. The OKL instead sought clusters of targets that suited the latest policy (which changed frequently), and disputes within the leadership were about tactics rather than strategy. Though militarily ineffective, the Blitz caused enormous damage to Britain's infrastructure and housing stock. It cost around 41,000 lives, and may have injured another 139,000. Question: How could have more been achieved in the air offensive? Answer: had the OKL exploited their enemy's weak spot Question: What did the disputes in the OKL tend to be about? Answer: about tactics rather than strategy Question: What was the Luftwaffe incapable of doing? Answer: an economic-industrial analysis Question: How many casualties did the Blitz ultimately cause? Answer: cost around 41,000 lives, and may have injured another 139,000

Context: Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, which live in alder tree root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects. Question: What do bacterial endosymbionts give necessary nutrition to? Answer: insects Question: What is the name of a bacteria inside of tree roots? Answer: Frankia Question: What endosymbionts live in coral? Answer: algae Question: What percent of alder tree root nodules provide essential nutrients to insects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organism includes diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and single-celled algae? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percent of Frankia bacteria provide essential nutrients to insects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percent of rhizobia and nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in alder tree root nodules? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The exact causes and motivations for Rome's military conflicts and expansions during the republic are subject to wide debate. While they can be seen as motivated by outright aggression and imperialism, historians typically take a much more nuanced view. They argue that Rome's expansion was driven by short-term defensive and inter-state factors (that is, relations with city-states and kingdoms outside Rome's hegemony), and the new contingencies that these decisions created. In its early history, as Rome successfully defended itself against foreign threats in central and then northern Italy, neighboring city-states sought the protection a Roman alliance would bring. As such, early republican Rome was not an "empire" or "state" in the modern sense, but an alliance of independent city-states (similar to the Greek hegemonies of the same period) with varying degrees of genuine independence (which itself changed over time) engaged in an alliance of mutual self-protection, but led by Rome. With some important exceptions, successful wars in early republican Rome generally led not to annexation or military occupation, but to the restoration of the way things were. But the defeated city would be weakened (sometimes with outright land concessions) and thus less able to resist Romanizing influences, such as Roman settlers seeking land or trade with the growing Roman confederacy. It was also less able to defend itself against its non-Roman enemies, which made attack by these enemies more likely. It was, therefore, more likely to seek an alliance of protection with Rome. Question: What factor is considered by some to be the main driving force behind the expansion of Rome? Answer: inter-state factors Question: What type of policy is considered by some to be responsible for Rome's many military conflicts? Answer: imperialism Question: What was a common conclusion to wars in the early days of republican Rome? Answer: restoration of the way things were Question: What type of alliance was created between the various Roman city-states? Answer: mutual self-protection Question: What did Roman settlers commonly seek out? Answer: land

Context: In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o. E.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations. E.g. parlo (Central), parl (Balearic), parli (Northern), ('I speak'). Question: What language is parle or tem ? Answer: Valencian Question: What language is parlo or temo ? Answer: Northwestern Question: What language is parl? Answer: Balearic Question: What language form is parli? Answer: Northern

Context: Despite lowering rates in surrounding countries, cholera rates were reported in November 2012 to be on the rise, with 1,500 cases reported and nine deaths. A 2008 cholera epidemic in Guinea-Bissau affected 14,222 people and killed 225. Question: What type of disease was reported to be on the rise in Guinea-Bissau? Answer: cholera Question: How many died from cholera in a November 2012 report? Answer: nine Question: How many died from cholera in a 2008 epidemic? Answer: 225 Question: Where are there reported cholera rates that are lowering? Answer: surrounding countries Question: How many people were affected by the 2008 cholera epidemic? Answer: 14,222

Context: Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%. Question: What ages are officially compulsary for education in Eritrea? Answer: between seven and 13 years of age Question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school? Answer: 70% Question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend secondary school? Answer: 61% Question: What is the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools? Answer: 45 to 1 Question: What is the student-teacher ratio in secondary schools? Answer: 54 to 1 Question: What percentage of children between seven and 13 can read and write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of elementary schools are open less than six hours per day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of elementary schools are open more than six hours per day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of primary schools are open more than six hours per day? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in the Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a bridge of unity between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. The largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque, was inaugurated by French Interior Minister Manuel Valls on 27 September 2012. Question: What year was Grande Ile classified as a World Heritage site? Answer: 1988 Question: What is the culture in Strasbourg? Answer: Franco-German Question: What is the largest Islamic place of worship in France? Answer: Strasbourg Grand Mosque Question: When was the Strasbourg Grand Mosque inaugurated? Answer: 27 September 2012 Question: What is the second largest university in France? Answer: University of Strasbourg Question: In what year was University of Strasbourg established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the largest university in France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Manuel Valls become the French Interior Minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides Catholics and Protestants who else attends the University of Strasbourg? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the first Islamic people start living in Strasbourg? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later. Question: What name did some universities switch to in the 1990s for marketing purposes? Answer: University of Technology Question: What system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies, eighties, and early nineties? Answer: College of Advanced Education system

Context: For example, consider electron–positron annihilation, in which the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed, but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles (its invariant mass) remains (since all energy is associated with mass), and this inertia and invariant mass is carried off by photons which individually are massless, but as a system retain their mass. This is a reversible process – the inverse process is called pair creation – in which the rest mass of particles is created from energy of two (or more) annihilating photons. In this system the matter (electrons and positrons) is destroyed and changed to non-matter energy (the photons). However, the total system mass and energy do not change during this interaction. Question: What is it called when the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles remains? Answer: electron–positron annihilation Question: What is the inverse process called? Answer: pair creation Question: What is the process in which the rest mass of particles is created from energy of two or more annihilating photons? Answer: pair creation Question: What is it called when the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed but the inertia equivalent of the system of the three particles remains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the converse process called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the process in which the rest mass of particles is destroyed from energy of two or more annihilating photons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: what is created and changed to non-matter energy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is matter energy? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued. Question: In what decade did Finland begin employing comprehensive schools? Answer: 1970s Question: What age ranges does Finnish comprehensive school cover? Answer: 7 to 16 Question: In what decade didn't Finland begin employing comprehensive schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade did Sweden begin employing comprehensive schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade did Finland stop employing comprehensive schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What age ranges does Swedish comprehensive school cover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What age ranges does Finnish uncomprehensive school cover? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Following the end of the Cold War, the threat of direct conventional military confrontation with other states has been replaced by terrorism. Sir Richard Dannatt predicted British forces to be involved in combating "predatory non-state actors" for the foreseeable future, in what he called an "era of persistent conflict". He told the Chatham House think tank that the fight against al-Qaeda and other militant Islamist groups was "probably the fight of our generation". Question: What was the new threat that arose after the end of the Cold War? Answer: terrorism Question: What was fighting during the Cold War considered by Dannatt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Cold War era also called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the threat of terrorism been replaced by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Chatham House predict al-Qaeda will fight in the future? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was involved with terrorism in the Cold War? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi. Question: How many different Iranian languages exist? Answer: 86 Question: In what year were there hundred and 50 to 200 Iranian languages Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some of the largest among the 200 Iranian languages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were their 86 million of in 2008 Answer: Unanswerable

Context: There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically. Question: There are no IPA symbols for what? Answer: degrees of aspiration Question: What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration? Answer: aspiration modifier Question: What language, according to the text, may need double stops to indicate aspiration length? Answer: Korean Question: How are voice-onset time details usually presented? Answer: numerically Question: Which two IPA symbols are marked? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The two degrees of aspiration in English stops are transcribed as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The details of voice-onset symbols are given how? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which old letter for light aspiration is now obsolete? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The aspiration modifier letter may be tripled to indicate what? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: On 7 July 2004, in response to verbal attacks in Liverpool on Wayne Rooney, just before his transfer from Everton to Manchester United, who had sold his life story to The Sun, the paper devoted a full-page editorial to an apology for the "awful error" of its Hillsborough coverage and argued that Rooney (who was still only three years old at the time of Hillsborough) should not be punished for its "past sins". In January 2005, The Sun's managing editor Graham Dudman admitting the Hillsborough coverage was "the worst mistake in our history", added: "What we did was a terrible mistake. It was a terrible, insensitive, horrible article, with a dreadful headline; but what we'd also say is: we have apologised for it, and the entire senior team here now is completely different from the team that put the paper out in 1989." Question: Which footballer was verbally attacked in Liverpool? Answer: Wayne Rooney Question: What team did Rooney transfer to? Answer: Manchester United Question: What was Rooney's age at the time of the Hillsborough disaster? Answer: three years old Question: Who was managing editor of The Sun in 2005? Answer: Graham Dudman Question: How did Dudman describe The Sun's Hillsborough coverage? Answer: "the worst mistake in our history"

Context: During the siege of Jerusalem by the First Crusade in 1099, the Jewish inhabitants of the city fought side by side with the Fatimid garrison and the Muslim population who tried in vain to defend the city against the Crusaders. When the city fell, about 60,000 people were massacred, including 6,000 Jews seeking refuge in a synagogue. At this time, a full thousand years after the fall of the Jewish state, there were Jewish communities all over the country. Fifty of them are known and include Jerusalem, Tiberias, Ramleh, Ashkelon, Caesarea, and Gaza. According to Albert of Aachen, the Jewish residents of Haifa were the main fighting force of the city, and "mixed with Saracen [Fatimid] troops", they fought bravely for close to a month until forced into retreat by the Crusader fleet and land army. However, Joshua Prawer expressed doubt over the story, noting that Albert did not attend the Crusades and that such a prominent role for the Jews is not mentioned by any other source.[undue weight? – discuss] Question: Who did the Jewish inhabitants fight side by side with? Answer: Fatimid garrison Question: How many people were massacred when the city fell? Answer: 60,000 Question: How many Jews were seeking refuge? Answer: 6,000

Context: Over the last decade, North Carolina has become a cultural epicenter and haven for internationally prize-winning wine (Noni Bacca Winery), internationally prized cheeses (Ashe County), "L'institut International aux Arts Gastronomiques: Conquerront Les Yanks les Truffes, January 15, 2010" international hub for truffles (Garland Truffles), and beer making, as tobacco land has been converted to grape orchards while state laws regulating alcohol content in beer allowed a jump in ABV from 6% to 15%. The Yadkin Valley in particular has become a strengthening market for grape production, while Asheville recently won the recognition of being named 'Beer City USA.' Asheville boasts the largest breweries per capita of any city in the United States. Recognized and marketed brands of beer in North Carolina include Highland Brewing, Duck Rabbit Brewery, Mother Earth Brewery, Weeping Radish Brewery, Big Boss Brewing, Foothills Brewing, Carolina Brewing Company, Lonerider Brewing, and White Rabbit Brewing Company. Question: What international prize winning winery is located in North Carolina? Answer: Noni Bacca Winery Question: What prized cheeses are made in North Carolina? Answer: Ashe County Question: Much tobacco land has been transformed into what kind of orchards? Answer: grape Question: North carolina state law allowed a jump in alcohol volume from 6% to what percent? Answer: 15%. Question: What city was named Beer City USA? Answer: Asheville

Context: With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was stretched to fill the entire video frame with less or none of the video resolution wasted to create letterbox bars. The advantage was a 33% greater vertical resolution compared to letterboxed widescreen LaserDisc. This same procedure was used for anamorphic DVDs, but unlike all DVD players, very few LD players had the ability to unsqueeze the image for 4:3 sets, and very few if any 4:3 sets could be set to play them properly either. If the discs were played on a standard 4:3 television the image would be distorted. Since very few people owned 16:9 displays, the marketability of these special discs was very limited. Question: What were "Squeeze LDs"? Answer: enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs Question: With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate? Answer: 16:9-ratio widescreen Question: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market? Answer: very few people owned 16:9 displays Question: Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted? Answer: distorted Question: What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs? Answer: 33%

Context: The languages have not undergone the deliberate highlighting of minor linguistic differences in the name of nationalism as has occurred in the Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian standards of Serbo-Croatian. However, most Slavic languages (including Czech) have been distanced in this way from Russian influences because of widespread public resentment against the former Soviet Union (which occupied Czechoslovakia in 1968). Czech and Slovak form a dialect continuum, with great similarity between neighboring Czech and Slovak dialects. (See "Dialects" below.) Question: What deliberate action has been done to some languages in the name of nationalism? Answer: highlighting of minor linguistic differences Question: What language family is Czech? Answer: Slavic Question: Why did many Slavic languages distance themselves from Russian influences? Answer: resentment against the former Soviet Union Question: When did the Soviet Union occupy Czechoslovakia? Answer: 1968 Question: What language does Czech form a dialect continuum with? Answer: Slovak Question: In what year did Croatia occupy Bosnia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why has the Bosnian language wanted to separate itself from Croatia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do most Russian dialects have in common? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has happened to languages in Russia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of continuum is formed between Russian dialects? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The body’s capability to react to antigen depends on a person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented. Neonates are said to be in a state of physiological immunodeficiency, because both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed. Once born, a child’s immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fact, many of the infections acquired by neonates are caused by low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. In neonates, opsonic activity and the ability to activate the complement cascade is very limited. For example, the mean level of C3 in a newborn is approximately 65% of that found in the adult. Phagocytic activity is also greatly impaired in newborns. This is due to lower opsonic activity, as well as diminished up-regulation of integrin and selectin receptors, which limit the ability of neutrophils to interact with adhesion molecules in the endothelium. Their monocytes are slow and have a reduced ATP production, which also limits the newborn's phagocytic activity. Although, the number of total lymphocytes is significantly higher than in adults, the cellular and humoral immunity is also impaired. Antigen-presenting cells in newborns have a reduced capability to activate T cells. Also, T cells of a newborn proliferate poorly and produce very small amounts of cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g which limits their capacity to activate the humoral response as well as the phagocitic activity of macrophage. B cells develop early during gestation but are not fully active. Question: What are the four factors that determine how the body reacts to an antigen? Answer: person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area Question: Why are newborns described as being physiologically immunodeficient? Answer: both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed Question: Newborns are particularly susceptible to infections caused by? Answer: low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas Question: What activity is also greatly reduced in newborn infants? Answer: phagocytic Question: Antigen cells in newborns are also struggle to do this? Answer: activate T cells

Context: Switzerland (/ˈswɪtsərlənd/), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin: Confoederatio Helvetica, hence its abbreviation CH), is a country in Europe. While still named the "Swiss Confederation" for historical reasons, modern Switzerland is a federal directorial republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities, called Bundesstadt ("federal city").[note 3] The country is situated in Western and Central Europe,[note 4] and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8 million people is concentrated mostly on the Plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global and economic centres, Zürich and Geneva. Question: What is the official name of Switzerland? Answer: Swiss Confederation Question: What type of government does Switzerland have? Answer: a federal directorial republic Question: How many cantons are in Switzerland's federal directorial republic? Answer: 26 Question: What 3 geographical features divide Switzerland? Answer: the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura Question: What is the population of Switzerland? Answer: approximately 8 million

Context: In non-relativistic classical mechanics, Newton's concept of "relative, apparent, and common time" can be used in the formulation of a prescription for the synchronization of clocks. Events seen by two different observers in motion relative to each other produce a mathematical concept of time that works sufficiently well for describing the everyday phenomena of most people's experience. In the late nineteenth century, physicists encountered problems with the classical understanding of time, in connection with the behavior of electricity and magnetism. Einstein resolved these problems by invoking a method of synchronizing clocks using the constant, finite speed of light as the maximum signal velocity. This led directly to the result that observers in motion relative to one another measure different elapsed times for the same event. Question: What Newtonian concept can be used in the formulation of an idea for the synchronization of clocks? Answer: concept of "relative, apparent, and common time" Question: In which century did physicists encounter problems with the understanding of time? Answer: the late nineteenth century Question: The behavior of which two phenomena caused physicists to encounter problems with their understanding of time in the late 19th century? Answer: the behavior of electricity and magnetism Question: Which famous scientist resolved these issues? Answer: Einstein Question: In what year did Einstein encounter problems with using electricity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's concept can be used to synchronize the use of electricity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did physicists use to solve the problems of electricity synchronization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the use of the speed of light by Newton lead to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What concept by Einstein can be used to synchronize electricity in classical mechanics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Newtonian concept can be used in the formulation of an idea for the understanding of clocks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which century did physicists encounter problems with the understanding of electricity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which famous scientist struggled with these issues? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The behavior of which two phenomena caused physicists to encounter problems with their understanding of clocks in the late 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Einstein resolve the two different observers? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In June 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a major speech in Detroit that foreshadowed his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. two months later. While the African-American Civil Rights Movement gained significant federal civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965, longstanding inequities resulted in confrontations between the police and inner city black youth wanting change. Longstanding tensions in Detroit culminated in the Twelfth Street riot in July 1967. Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan National Guard into Detroit, and President Johnson sent in U.S. Army troops. The result was 43 dead, 467 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed, mostly in black residential and business areas. Thousands of small businesses closed permanently or relocated to safer neighborhoods. The affected district lay in ruins for decades. It was the most costly riot in the United States. Question: In which year did Martin Luther King Jr. give a speech in Detroit? Answer: 1963 Question: What is the name of the riot in Detroit in 1967? Answer: Twelfth Street riot Question: Who was the Governor of Michigan in 1967? Answer: George W. Romney Question: Who was the President of the United States in 1967? Answer: President Johnson Question: How many people were killed in the Twelfth Street riots? Answer: 43

Context: Groups are also applied in many other mathematical areas. Mathematical objects are often examined by associating groups to them and studying the properties of the corresponding groups. For example, Henri Poincaré founded what is now called algebraic topology by introducing the fundamental group. By means of this connection, topological properties such as proximity and continuity translate into properties of groups.i[›] For example, elements of the fundamental group are represented by loops. The second image at the right shows some loops in a plane minus a point. The blue loop is considered null-homotopic (and thus irrelevant), because it can be continuously shrunk to a point. The presence of the hole prevents the orange loop from being shrunk to a point. The fundamental group of the plane with a point deleted turns out to be infinite cyclic, generated by the orange loop (or any other loop winding once around the hole). This way, the fundamental group detects the hole. Question: What are usually analyzed by associating groups to them and studying the elements of the corresponding groups? Answer: Mathematical objects Question: Who founded algebraic topology? Answer: Henri Poincaré Question: What did Henri Poincaré introduce when he established algebraic topology? Answer: the fundamental group Question: What topological properties translate into properties of groups? Answer: proximity and continuity Question: What represents elements of the fundamental group? Answer: loops Question: Who first applied groups to other mathematical areas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which topological properties do not carry over into groups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is the blue loop considered relevant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes the orange loop to shrink to a point? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What results in a finite cycle? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being. Question: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI? Answer: 1990 Question: Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI? Answer: Amartya Sen Question: Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies? Answer: people-centered policies Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report? Answer: 1990 Question: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq reject the HDI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was initially agreeing to the idea of creating the HDI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mahbub ul Haq didn't want to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which year was used for estimates in the 2001 report? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Cubism formed an important link between early-20th-century art and architecture. The historical, theoretical, and socio-political relationships between avant-garde practices in painting, sculpture and architecture had early ramifications in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia. Though there are many points of intersection between Cubism and architecture, only a few direct links between them can be drawn. Most often the connections are made by reference to shared formal characteristics: faceting of form, spatial ambiguity, transparency, and multiplicity. Question: What two things did Cubism in the early 20th century form an important link between? Answer: art and architecture. Question: What are the four formal characteristics that are usually connected with Cubism? Answer: faceting of form, spatial ambiguity, transparency, and multiplicity. Question: In which four countries were the impacts of avant garde art particularly strong? Answer: France, Germany, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia Question: What four things did Cubism in the early 20th century form an important link between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two things did Cubism in the early 19th century form an important link between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the four formal characteristics that are never connected with Cubism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which four countries were the impacts of avant garde art particularly weak? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the reception like in Italy? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The toponym Schwyz itself is first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately perhaps related to suedan "to burn", referring to the area of forest that was burned and cleared to build. The name was extended to the area dominated by the canton, and after the Swabian War of 1499 gradually came to be used for the entire Confederation. The Swiss German name of the country, Schwiiz, is homophonous to that of the canton and the settlement, but distinguished by the use of the definite article (d'Schwiiz for the Confederation, but simply Schwyz for the canton and the town). Question: In what year was the toponym Schwyz first attested as Old High German Suittes? Answer: 972 Question: At what time did the name Schwyz begin to be used by the entire Confederation? Answer: after the Swabian War of 1499 Question: What was the Swiss German name for Schwyz? Answer: Schwiiz Question: What was the name d'Schwiiz used for? Answer: the Confederation

Context: Timber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wooden halls in China date to the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). Architectural historian Robert L. Thorp points out the scarcity of Han-era archaeological remains, and claims that often unreliable Han-era literary and artistic sources are used by historians for clues about lost Han architecture. Question: What building material was used primarily during the Han dynasty? Answer: Timber Question: What dynasty can the oldest wooden buildings in China be dated to? Answer: Tang Question: What is considered to be the last year of the Tang dynasty? Answer: 907 AD Question: What type of object is the only evidence of Han's wooden constructions? Answer: ceramic roof tiles Question: What was the primary component of a palace hall during the Han dynasty? Answer: Timber

Context: During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to their descendants. Especially during the Mamlūk period, when only former slaves could assume power, the sons of the ruling Mamlūk elite were unable to inherit. Guaranteed positions within the new madaris thus allowed them to maintain status. Madaris built in this period include the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Ḥasan in Cairo. Question: Which class of people founded the madaris during the medieval period? Answer: ruling elite Question: How were the madaris funded during the medieval period? Answer: through a religious endowment Question: What class of people inherited status during the Mamluk Period? Answer: former slaves Question: What allowed the ruling elite to maintain power during the Mamluk period? Answer: Guaranteed positions within the new madaris Question: In what city was the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Hasan? Answer: Cairo Question: Which class of people founded the madaris during the ancient period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How were the madaris funded during the prehistoric period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What class of people rejected status during the Mamluk Period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What allowed the plebeians to maintain power during the Mamluk period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city rejected the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Hasan? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The University of Chicago's 1960–61 Group Theory Year brought together group theorists such as Daniel Gorenstein, John G. Thompson and Walter Feit, laying the foundation of a collaboration that, with input from numerous other mathematicians, classified all finite simple groups in 1982. This project exceeded previous mathematical endeavours by its sheer size, in both length of proof and number of researchers. Research is ongoing to simplify the proof of this classification. These days, group theory is still a highly active mathematical branch, impacting many other fields.a[›] Question: Where did the group of theorists first meet? Answer: The University of Chicago Question: What university class year belonged to the group of theorists? Answer: 1960–61 Question: What did the group of theorists classify in 1982? Answer: all finite simple groups Question: What two factors describe the large size of the project? Answer: length of proof and number of researchers. Question: What was classified in 1960? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who founded the University of Chicago's Group Theory Year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What no longer has much impact on other fields? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was shorter about this project as compared to other endeavors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the University of Chicago begin? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 36,200, while the average rural resident's net income was RMB 14,513. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009. Question: What was Nanjing's GDP in 2013? Answer: RMB 801 billion Question: What was Nanjing's GDP per person in 2013? Answer: RMB 98,174(US$16041) Question: Was the GDP in 2013 an increase or decrease over 2012's levels? Answer: increase Question: How was Nanjing's unemployment rate, compared to the nation as a whole? Answer: lower than the national average Question: What was Nanjing's GDP ranking in all of China for 2013? Answer: 12th

Context: In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. Question: What does the word samyaksamadhi mean? Answer: right concentration Question: Meditation is the primary means of cultivating what? Answer: samādhi Question: Upon development of samadhi, a person gets rid of what? Answer: defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous

Context: The second Diadochi war began following the death of Antipater in 319 BC. Passing over his own son, Cassander, Antipater had declared Polyperchon his successor as Regent. Cassander rose in revolt against Polyperchon (who was joined by Eumenes) and was supported by Antigonus, Lysimachus and Ptolemy. In 317, Cassander invaded Macedonia, attaining control of Macedon, sentencing Olympias to death and capturing the boy king Alexander IV, and his mother. In Asia, Eumenes was betrayed by his own men after years of campaign and was given up to Antigonus who had him executed. Question: When did Antipater die? Answer: 319 BC Question: Who did Antipater declar as his successor? Answer: Polyperchon Question: When did Cassander invade Macedonia? Answer: 317 Question: Who ordered Eumenes' execution? Answer: Antigonus Question: Who sentenced Olympias to death? Answer: Cassander

Context: The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27). Question: What is Tucson's NBC station? Answer: KVOA 4 Question: What is Tucson's ABC station? Answer: KGUN 9 Question: What is Tucson's Fox station? Answer: KMSB-TV 11 Question: What is Tucson's CBS station? Answer: KOLD-TV 13 Question: What is Tucson's PBS station? Answer: KUAT-TV 6

Context: Another important building is the falekaupule or maneapa the traditional island meeting hall, where important matters are discussed and which is also used for wedding celebrations and community activities such as a fatele involving music, singing and dancing. Falekaupule is also used as the name of the council of elders – the traditional decision making body on each island. Under the Falekaupule Act, Falekaupule means "traditional assembly in each island...composed in accordance with the Aganu of each island". Aganu means traditional customs and culture. Question: What type of structure is the falekaupule? Answer: meeting hall Question: Besides meetings, for what other use is the meeting hall used? Answer: celebrations Question: Aside from being defined as a meeting hall, what other definition does falekaupule have? Answer: council of elders Question: What is the traditional use of the falekaupule? Answer: decision making body Question: What is the traditional customs and culture on Tuvalu? Answer: Aganu

Context: In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and the Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while the Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730. Question: in 1720 what % of import goods were from India? Answer: 15% Question: Who passed the acts that effected the profits of East india company Answer: Parliament Question: Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company Answer: company lobby Question: What percentage of import goods were abandoned in India in 1720? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who passed the acts that effected the profits of West India company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involved the East Indian Company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never had any disagreements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What imports were forbidden in India in 1720? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In the late 1970s many arterial roads were redesigned as ejes viales; high-volume one-way roads that cross, in theory, Mexico City proper from side to side. The eje vial network is based on a quasi-Cartesian grid, with the ejes themselves being called Eje 1 Poniente, Eje Central, and Eje 1 Oriente, for example, for the north-south roads, and Eje 2 Sur and Eje 3 Norte, for example, for east-west roads. Ring roads are the Circuito Interior (inner ring), Anillo Periférico; the Circuito Exterior Mexiquense ("State of Mexico outer loop") toll road skirting the northeastern and eastern edges of the metropolitan area, the Chamapa-La Venta toll road skirting the northwestern edge, and the Arco Norte completely bypassing the metropolitan area in an arc from northwest (Atlacomulco) to north (Tula, Hidalgo) to east (Puebla). A second level (where tolls are charged) of the Periférico, colloquially called the segundo piso ("second floor"), was officially opened in 2012, with sections still being completed. The Viaducto Miguel Alemán crosses the city east-west from Observatorio to the airport. In 2013 the Supervía Poniente opened, a toll road linking the new Santa Fe business district with southwestern Mexico City. Question: What are the one-way roads in Mexico city called? Answer: ejes viales Question: What is different about the second level roads? Answer: tolls are charged Question: When were these second level roads opened? Answer: 2012 Question: What main road leads to the airport? Answer: The Viaducto Miguel Alemán Question: What connects Santa Fe and the southwestern part of the city? Answer: the Supervía Poniente

Context: The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the regions. On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in administration of the region. The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence. A number of monks' organisations that played a vital role in Myanmar's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya community. Question: How did the Burmese government respond to the unrest in 2012 ? Answer: The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the regions Question: What happened in Rakhine in the summer of 2012 that had severe implications on the running of the location? Answer: On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in administration of the region Question: What have the military and law enforcement been denounced for in the matter of summer of 2012 ? Answer: The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence Question: How have the friar organizations contributed to the struggle in Burma? Answer: monks' organisations that played a vital role in Myanmar's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya

Context: To be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%. This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'. To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 isotope concentration should be no more than 0.3%. The price of uranium has risen since 2001, so enrichment tailings containing more than 0.35% uranium-235 are being considered for re-enrichment, driving the price of depleted uranium hexafluoride above $130 per kilogram in July 2007 from $5 in 2001. Question: Between what percent fraction range of uranium-235 is uranium regarded as enriched? Answer: 3% and 5% Question: What is the maximum uranium-235 isotope concentration for uranium to be considered depleted? Answer: 0.3% Question: In what year did the cost of uranium notably begin to increase? Answer: 2001 Question: What was the price of a kilogram of depleted uranium hexafluoride in 2001? Answer: $5 Question: How much did a kilogram of depleted uranium hexafluoride cost as of July 2007? Answer: $130 Question: Between what percent fraction range of uranium-235 is uranium regarded as unenriched? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the maximum uranium-235 isotope concentration for plutonium to be considered depleted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the cost of uranium notably begin to decrease? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the price of a pound of depleted uranium hexafluoride in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did a pound of depleted uranium hexafluoride cost as of July 2007? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Pesticides are used to control organisms that are considered to be harmful. For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit potentially deadly diseases like West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria. They can also kill bees, wasps or ants that can cause allergic reactions. Insecticides can protect animals from illnesses that can be caused by parasites such as fleas. Pesticides can prevent sickness in humans that could be caused by moldy food or diseased produce. Herbicides can be used to clear roadside weeds, trees and brush. They can also kill invasive weeds that may cause environmental damage. Herbicides are commonly applied in ponds and lakes to control algae and plants such as water grasses that can interfere with activities like swimming and fishing and cause the water to look or smell unpleasant. Uncontrolled pests such as termites and mold can damage structures such as houses. Pesticides are used in grocery stores and food storage facilities to manage rodents and insects that infest food such as grain. Each use of a pesticide carries some associated risk. Proper pesticide use decreases these associated risks to a level deemed acceptable by pesticide regulatory agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of Canada. Question: Pesticides can be used to stop the spread of what dieseases? Answer: West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria Question: What sort of pesticides would you find in ponds and lakes? Answer: Herbicides Question: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in the US? Answer: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Question: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in Canada? Answer: Pest Management Regulatory Agency Question: What activities do mosquitoes make it hard to take part in when they swarm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can mosquitoes do to water quality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What diseases in the environment are monitored by the EPA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what areas do fleas like to live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What pest is attracted by moldy food or diseased produce left outside? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions. Question: Are there any clubs Scotland or Ireland in the Premier League? Answer: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. Question: Which team received permission to move to Dublin, Ireland in 1998? Answer: in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, Question: Why didn't they move to Dublin? Answer: the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. Question: What are Scotland's two largest teams? Answer: Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, Question: Which team received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin? Answer: Wimbledon Question: In which year did a Premier League team consider relocating to Ireland? Answer: 1998 Question: Who occasionally discusses a Scottish team joining the Premier League? Answer: the media Question: Discussion about which clubs has led to them joining the Premier League? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the names of Scotland's two smallest teams? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Celtic and Rangers are the two smallest teams of which country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which year did the Rangers get Premier League approval to relocate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which year did Wimbledon get Premier League approval to relocate to Scotland? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Scotland, meanwhile had remained an independent Kingdom. In 1603, that changed when the King of Scotland inherited the Crown of England, and consequently the Crown of Ireland also. The subsequent 17th century was one of political upheaval, religious division and war. English colonialism in Ireland of the 16th century was extended by large-scale Scottish and English colonies in Ulster. Religious division heightened and the King in England came into conflict with parliament. A prime issue was, inter alia, over his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism. The resulting English Civil War or War of the Three Kingdoms led to a revolutionary republic in England. Ireland, largely Catholic was mainly loyal to the king. Following defeat to the parliaments army, large scale land distributions from loyalist Irish nobility to English commoners in the service of the parliamentary army created the beginnings a new Ascendancy class which over the next hundred years would obliterate the English (Hiberno-Norman) and Gaelic Irish nobility in Ireland. The new ruling class was Protestant and British, whilst the common people were largely Catholic and Irish. This theme would influence Irish politics for centuries to come. When the monarchy was restored in England, the king found it politically impossible to restore all the lands of former land-owners in Ireland. The "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 repeated similar themes: a Catholic king pushing for religious tolerance in opposition to a Protestant parliament in England. The king's army was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne and at the militarily crucial Battle of Aughrim in Ireland. Resistance held out, and a guarantee of religious tolerance was a cornerstone of the Treaty of Limerick. However, in the evolving political climate, the terms of Limerick were superseded, a new monarchy was installed, and the new Irish parliament was packed with the new elite which legislated increasing intolerant Penal Laws, which discommoded both Dissenters and Catholics. Question: Which crown did the King of Scotland inherit in 1603? Answer: Crown of England Question: What happened to Britain during the 17th century? Answer: political upheaval, religious division and war Question: Why did the King of England have issues with parliment in the 17th century? Answer: his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism Question: The English Civil War brought about what change to Britain? Answer: revolutionary republic in England Question: Who where the ruling class after the revolutionary republic was created? Answer: Protestant and British Question: In what year did the Queen of Scotland inherit the Crown of England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The 17th century was full of peace, political upheaval, religious division and what else? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for the French Civil War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The War of the Four Kingdoms is also known as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The English Civil War led to a religious upheaval where? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1644 as the Hongguang Emperor. His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called Southern Ming dynasty. Question: When did Beijing lose to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and the Manchu-led Qing dynasty? Answer: 1644 Question: What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing? Answer: Zhu Yousong Question: When was Zhu Yousong enthroned? Answer: in June 1644 Question: What was Zhu Yousong's title? Answer: the Hongguang Emperor Question: The Hongguang Emperor's reign was thought of as the first reign of what dynasty? Answer: the so-called Southern Ming dynasty

Context: This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. At the ends (to the exclusion of all other parts of the rope) an anti-slip material, either coloured or neutral may cover a maximum of 10 cm (3.94 in). The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center provided that this thickening is of the same material as the rope. The fundamental requirements of a rope routine include leaps and skipping. Other elements include swings, throws, circles, rotations and figures of eight. In 2011, the FIG decided to nullify the use of rope in rhythmic gymnastic competitions. Question: What is the rope made out of that the gymnists uses in their routine? Answer: hemp or a synthetic material Question: How long is the rope? Answer: Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast Question: What are at the ends of the ropes to help the gymnists hold it? Answer: One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. Question: What other requirement is there for the rope? Answer: The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center Question: When did FIG decide to nullify the use of ropes in competition? Answer: 2011 Question: What is made out of cotton and reeds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are the ropes covered in powder? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the anti-slip material made from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year were ropes first used in the Gymnastic World Championships? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the length of gymnast head bands? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed. Question: What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers? Answer: the "National Army" Question: When was the National Army demobilized? Answer: end of World War I Question: Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army? Answer: "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" Question: What was organized to replace the concept of the militias? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the National Army started? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was added to the National Army? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who filled vacancies for militias? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were temporary soldiers known as? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 persons, and the local availability of telephone lines (tele-density) is higher than in neighboring countries; three times greater than in adjacent Ethiopia. Prominent Somali telecommunications companies include Somtel Network, Golis Telecom Group, Hormuud Telecom, Somafone, Nationlink, Netco, Telcom and Somali Telecom Group. Hormuud Telecom alone grosses about $40 million a year. Despite their rivalry, several of these companies signed an interconnectivity deal in 2005 that allows them to set prices, maintain and expand their networks, and ensure that competition does not get out of control. Question: Sprint, ITT, and Telenor are examples of what? Answer: multinational corporations Question: Who provides service to every City, town, and hamlet in Somalia? Answer: Somali telecommunication companies Question: aproximately how many main lines are there per 1000 people? Answer: 25 Question: what is another word for availability of telephone lines? Answer: tele-density Question: How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year? Answer: $40 million Question: Who offers the most expensive phone calls in Africa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much does the Somali Telecom Group gross per year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which companies agreed to a deal that would limit competition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much higher is the Somalia teledensity compared to Niger? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the Somali telecommunications does Hormuud Telecom make up? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The main industries are mineral based, agriculture based, and textile based. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of polyester fibre in India. The Pali and Bhilwara District produces more cloth than Bhiwandi, Maharashtra and the bhilwara is the largest city in suitings production and export and Pali is largest city in cotton and polyster in blouse pieces and rubia production and export. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in the city of Kota, in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from the white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana. The state is the second largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar, copper mines at Khetri, Jhunjhunu, and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines and Rampura Aghucha (opencast) near Bhilwara. Dimensional stone mining is also undertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings and residential buildings. This stone is termed as "chittar patthar". Jodhpur leads in Handicraft and Guar Gum industry. Rajasthan is also a part of the Mumbai-Delhi Industrial corridor is set to benefit economically. The State gets 39% of the DMIC, with major districts of Jaipur, Alwar, Kota and Bhilwara benefiting. Question: What type of fibre is Rajasthan ranked 2nd in production of? Answer: polyester fibre Question: What is the largest city for polyster blouse pieces in Rajasthan? Answer: Pali is largest city in cotton and polyster in blouse pieces Question: From what town did the marble in the Taj Mahal come? Answer: Makrana Question: What type of deposits are found at Sambhar? Answer: rich salt deposits Question: What kind of mines are found in Khetri and Jhunjhunu ? Answer: copper mines Question: What does Bhiwandi produce more of than Kota? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prominent companies are located in Pali? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was mined in Pali for The Taj Mahal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of mines are in Bhilwara? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another term for white marble? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Favoring relatives (nepotism) or personal friends (cronyism) of an official is a form of illegitimate private gain. This may be combined with bribery, for example demanding that a business should employ a relative of an official controlling regulations affecting the business. The most extreme example is when the entire state is inherited, as in North Korea or Syria. A lesser form might be in the Southern United States with Good ol' boys, where women and minorities are excluded. A milder form of cronyism is an "old boy network", in which appointees to official positions are selected only from a closed and exclusive social network – such as the alumni of particular universities – instead of appointing the most competent candidate. Question: What is it called when relatives are favored over other people? Answer: nepotism Question: What is it called when friends are favored over other people? Answer: cronyism Question: Cronyism is also when people are selected from a closed and exclusive social network, which is called what? Answer: old boy network

Context: In practice, culture referred to an élite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. As these forms were associated with urban life, "culture" was identified with "civilization" (from lat. civitas, city). Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, which led to identifying a "culture" among non-elites. This distinction is often characterized as that between high culture, namely that of the ruling social group, and low culture. In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies. Question: What did culture refer to in practice? Answer: élite ideal Question: What was associated with culture during this German practice? Answer: art, classical music, and haute cuisine Question: Art and music were some of these forms of cultural related to what type of living? Answer: urban life Question: The idea of culture in Europe in the 19th century reflected what during this time period? Answer: inequalities within European societies. Question: What did culture never refer to in practice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was associated with culture during this American practice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What movement had little interest in folklore? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the idea of "culture" stop in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements. The Independent reported in June 2012 that "Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol." The UN's Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, Radhika Coomaraswamy, who stepped down from her position a week later, met representatives of the Government of Myanmar on 5 July 2012 and stated that she hoped the government's signing of an action plan would "signal a transformation." In September 2012, the Myanmar Armed Forces released 42 child soldiers and the International Labour Organization met with representatives of the government as well as the Kachin Independence Army to secure the release of more child soldiers. According to Samantha Power, a US delegation raised the issue of child soldiers with the government in October 2012. However, she did not comment on the government's progress towards reform in this area. Question: How are children used in the conflicts in Burma? Answer: Child soldiers have and continue to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements. Question: How are children obtained for use as solders in Burma ? Answer: Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol Question: How many child solders were released from the Burmese military in 2012 ? Answer: the Myanmar Armed Forces released 42 child soldiers

Context: Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) compound containing the Zn—Zn bond, (η5-C5Me5)2Zn2, is also the first dimetallocene. The [Zn2]2+ ion rapidly disproportionates into zinc metal and zinc(II), and has only been obtained as a yellow glass formed by cooling a solution of metallic zinc in molten ZnCl2. Question: What is necessary to stabilize the low oxidation state of zinc(l) compounds? Answer: bulky ligands Question: What core do most zinc(l) compounds contain? Answer: [Zn2]2+ Question: What confirms the dimeric structure of the compound? Answer: diamagnetic nature of the ion Question: When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed? Answer: yellow glass Question: What is necessary to stabilize the high oxidation state of zinc(l) compounds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What core do all zinc(l) compounds contain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ruins the dimeric structure of the compound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When a solution of metallic zinc is heated in molten ZnCl2, what is formed? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: With his third album, Graduation (2007), West moved away from the sound of his previous releases and towards a more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape. The musical evolution arose from him listening to music genres encompassing European Britpop and Euro-disco, American alternative and indie-rock, and his native Chicago house. Towards this end, West retracted much of the live instrumentation that characterized his previous album and replaced it with heavy, gothic synthesizers, distorted synth-chords, rave stabs, house beats, electro-disco rhythms, and a wide array of modulated electronic noises and digital audio-effects. In addition, West drew musical inspiration from arena rock bands such as The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in terms of melody and chord progression. Question: What was the name of Kanye's third record? Answer: Graduation Question: What musical direction did Kanye take with his third album? Answer: more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape Question: Kanye drew inspiration from The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in what ways? Answer: melody and chord progression Question: What year was Kanye West's third album released? Answer: 2007

Context: The Republic of Letters was the sum of a number of Enlightenment ideals: an egalitarian realm governed by knowledge that could act across political boundaries and rival state power. It was a forum that supported "free public examination of questions regarding religion or legislation". Immanuel Kant considered written communication essential to his conception of the public sphere; once everyone was a part of the "reading public", then society could be said to be enlightened. The people who participated in the Republic of Letters, such as Diderot and Voltaire, are frequently known today as important Enlightenment figures. Indeed, the men who wrote Diderot's Encyclopédie arguably formed a microcosm of the larger "republic". Question: What did the Republic of Letters support? Answer: free public examination of questions regarding religion or legislation Question: Once everyone was a part of what group did Kant believe all of society would be enlightened? Answer: the "reading public" Question: Who were two of the figures that participated in the Republic of Letters? Answer: Diderot and Voltaire Question: What did Immanuel Kant consider essential to his conception of the public sphere? Answer: written communication

Context: Monastic reform became an important issue during the 11th century, as elites began to worry that monks were not adhering to the rules binding them to a strictly religious life. Cluny Abbey, founded in the Mâcon region of France in 909, was established as part of the Cluniac Reforms, a larger movement of monastic reform in response to this fear. Cluny quickly established a reputation for austerity and rigour. It sought to maintain a high quality of spiritual life by placing itself under the protection of the papacy and by electing its own abbot without interference from laymen, thus maintaining economic and political independence from local lords. Question: In what century was thought given to monastic reform? Answer: 11th Question: In what year was Cluny Abbey founded? Answer: 909 Question: In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded? Answer: Mâcon Question: Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for? Answer: austerity Question: What reforms were named for the abbey at Cluny? Answer: Cluniac Reforms

Context: The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions, which provided invaluable military, financial and material support. Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions, as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies. The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right. The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day. Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light. The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy. Question: How many people were in the Dominions' armies? Answer: Over 2.5 million Question: When was the Gallipoli Campaign? Answer: 1915 Question: Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917? Answer: David Lloyd George Question: The Imperial War Cabinet was created by which British Prime Minister? Answer: Gallipoli Campaign Question: The Gallipoli Campaign fought against which country? Answer: the Ottoman Empire

Context: In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, "postsecondary", or "higher" education (e.g. university, vocational school) for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia, primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession. Question: What does secondary education comprise of? Answer: formal education that occurs during adolescence Question: What two examples were given of what "postsecondary" or "higher" education? Answer: university, vocational school Question: When does secondary schooling typically take place? Answer: teenage years Question: What is the purpose of secondary education? Answer: to prepare for higher education, or to train directly in a profession.

Context: Occasional severe flooding is experienced. There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Great Flood of 1993, and widespread flooding and mudslides caused by the 1982-1983 El Niño event in the western United States. Localized flooding can, however, occur anywhere, and mudslides from heavy rain can cause problems in any mountainous area, particularly the Southwest. Large stretches of desert shrub in the west can fuel the spread of wildfires. The narrow canyons of many mountain areas in the west and severe thunderstorm activity during the summer lead to sometimes devastating flash floods as well, while Nor'Easter snowstorms can bring activity to a halt throughout the Northeast (although heavy snowstorms can occur almost anywhere). Question: The Great Mississippi occurred during what year? Answer: 1927 Question: What fuels wildfires and causes them to spread in the west? Answer: desert shrub Question: What type of storms can cause most activity to stop? Answer: Nor'Easter snowstorms Question: What is the name of the event that caused major flooding in the western US? Answer: El Niño Question: What is the name of the major event that caused flooding in the eastern United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Mississippi did not flood during what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The narrow canyons of many mounds can lead to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of storms occur all over the East Coast? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line, which Creative Technology dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on August 9, 2005. On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States. Question: What interface component did Apple attempt to patent in 2005? Answer: rotational user inputs Question: When did Apple receive a decision on its attempt to patent rotational user inputs? Answer: August 2005 Question: Which competitor sued Apple over rights to part of the software user interface? Answer: Creative Technology Question: What was the name of the patent over which Creative asserted its ownership? Answer: Zen Patent Question: From which entity did Creative request an investigation into Apple importing their devices to the US? Answer: United States International Trade Commission Question: What interface feature did Apple unsuccessfully try to patent? Answer: rotational user inputs Question: Which rival company sued Apple in 2005 and 2006? Answer: Creative Technology

Context: In 2002, businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor. Also in 2002, Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery. Tennessee's Bob Corker was the only freshman Republican elected to the United States Senate in the 2006 midterm elections. The state constitution was amended to reject same-sex marriage. In January 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican elected as Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction, as a result of the realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties in the South since the late 20th century, with Republicans now elected by conservative voters, who previously had supported Democrats. Question: Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002? Answer: Phil Bredesen Question: Which Tennessee Senator was the only Republican first-time Senator elected in 2006? Answer: Bob Corker Question: Who was the first Republican Speaker of the Tennessee state senate since Democrats took control in the Reconstruction era? Answer: Ron Ramsey Question: Which political party did the majority of conservative Tennessee voters support in the early 20th century? Answer: Democratic

Context: Nintendo also made two turbo controllers for the NES called NES Advantage and the NES Max. Both controllers had a Turbo feature, a feature where one tap of the button represented multiple taps. This feature allowed players to shoot much faster during shooter games. The NES Advantage had two knobs that adjusted the firing rate of the turbo button from quick to Turbo, as well as a "Slow" button that slowed down the game by rapidly pausing the game. The "Slow" button did not work with games that had a pause menu or pause screen and can interfere with jumping and shooting. The NES Max also had the Turbo Feature, but it was not adjustable, in contrast with the Advantage. It also did not have the "Slow" button. Its wing-like shape made it easier to hold than the Advantage and it also improved on the joystick. Turbo features were also featured on the NES Satellite, the NES Four Score, and the U-Force. Other accessories include the Power Pad and the Power Glove, which was featured in the movie The Wizard. Question: What were the two turbo controllers Nintendo made for the NES? Answer: NES Advantage and the NES Max Question: What did the Turbo feature allow players to do? Answer: shoot much faster during shooter games Question: Which controller had a non-adjustable Turbo feature? Answer: The NES Max Question: Which two accessories were featured in the movie The Wizard? Answer: Power Pad and the Power Glove Question: The NES Max also did not feature what? Answer: "Slow" button Question: What were the third turbo controllers Nintendo made for the NES? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Turbo feature not allow players to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which controller had a adjustable Turbo feature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which three accessories were featured in the movie The Wizard? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The SNES Max also did not feature what? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Classical immunology ties in with the fields of epidemiology and medicine. It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the concept developed into scientific theory. Question: Which two fields of study are associated with immunology? Answer: epidemiology and medicine Question: Immunology studies how which three areas impact one another? Answer: the body systems, pathogens, and immunity Question: When was the first written mention of immunity as it pertains to the body? Answer: 430 BCE Question: Which Greek historian made that notation? Answer: Thucydides Question: When did immunology start to become codified as a scientific theory? Answer: 19th and 20th centuries

Context: Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska. Question: The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who? Answer: Krystyna Kobylańska Question: Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers? Answer: 1857 Question: What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers? Answer: alternative catalogue designations Question: What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces? Answer: the Kobylańska Catalogue Question: What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue? Answer: KK Question: Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue? Answer: Krystyna Kobylańska.

Context: The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. Question: Along with ABC and NBC, what other major broadcaster is based in New York? Answer: CBS Question: What is the name of the city's public television service? Answer: NYCTV Question: What comedy channel on cable television is headquartered in New York? Answer: Comedy Central Question: What cable news channel is based in New York? Answer: Fox News

Context: Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Question: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947? Answer: more than 200 operations Question: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally? Answer: 72 Question: What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in? Answer: Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War Question: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of? Answer: United Nations Peacekeeping operations Question: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis? Answer: an aircraft carrier Question: What military units have completed more than 200 operations worldwide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many international operations have Canadian military units participated in since 1947? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have Canadian military units done since 1974? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Cold War take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1987? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Nationally? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some of the wars the French Military was involved in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What non-peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 40 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Rawski writes that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug "can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with his nominal superior, Tümen Khan." To further cement the Mongol-Tibetan alliance, the great-grandson of Altan Khan—the 4th Dalai Lama (1589–1616)—was made the fourth Dalai Lama. In 1642, the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682) became the first to wield effective political control over Tibet. Question: Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior? Answer: Tümen Khan Question: To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama? Answer: the great-grandson of Altan Khan Question: Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet? Answer: the 5th Dalai Lama Question: When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet? Answer: In 1642

Context: Entry lights can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property. These lights are installed for safety, security, and for decoration. Question: What type of light would be used illuminate the entrance to a property? Answer: Entry lights