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Context: Since it was quite easy to stack interconnections (wires) inside the embedding matrix, the approach allowed designers to forget completely about the routing of wires (usually a time-consuming operation of PCB design): Anywhere the designer needs a connection, the machine will draw a wire in straight line from one location/pin to another. This led to very short design times (no complex algorithms to use even for high density designs) as well as reduced crosstalk (which is worse when wires run parallel to each other—which almost never happens in Multiwire), though the cost is too high to compete with cheaper PCB technologies when large quantities are needed.
Question: What arduous aspect of the process can designers skip in Multiwire?
Answer: routing of wires
Question: What does the machine create by drawing a straight line between two points on the board?
Answer: a connection
Question: Along with quick design times, what problem does Multiwire cut down on?
Answer: crosstalk
Question: What makes Multiwire impractical to use when large quantities of a board are needed?
Answer: cost
Question: In simple language, what are the interconnections in an embedding matrix?
Answer: wires
Question: It was difficult to stack interconnections inside of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The machine will draw a wire in a curved line from one location/ to where?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What led to long design times?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What led to increased crosstalk?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: One use of the term "computer security" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the "Orange Book" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, "Common Criteria" defines a number of progressively more stringent Evaluation Assurance Levels. Many common operating systems meet the EAL4 standard of being "Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed", but the formal verification required for the highest levels means that they are uncommon. An example of an EAL6 ("Semiformally Verified Design and Tested") system is Integrity-178B, which is used in the Airbus A380 and several military jets.
Question: Technology that is used to implement secure operating systems is one use of what term?
Answer: computer security
Question: What does EAL stand for?
Answer: Evaluation Assurance Levels
Question: What is the standard of EAL4?
Answer: Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed
Question: What is the standard for EAL6?
Answer: Semiformally Verified Design and Tested
Question: What is an example of a system that meets EAL6?
Answer: Integrity-178B
Question: Which system is used by the Airbus A380 and military jets?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How common are the formal verification for the highest levels?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the 1980s the Department of Defense used which standards?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Common Criteria refer to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which level do many common operating systems meet?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Common Criteria defined?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who created the Common Criteria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of a system that meets the EAL4 standard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What makes it difficult for systems to use the EAL4 standard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an example of a system that uses the Orange Book Standards?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Proponents of affirmative action recognize that the policy is inherently unequal; however, minding the inescapable fact that historic inequalities exist in America, they believe the policy is much more fair than one in which these circumstances are not taken into account. Furthermore, those in favor of affirmative action see it as an effort towards inclusion rather than a discriminatory practice. "Job discrimination is grounded in prejudice and exclusion, whereas affirmative action is an effort to overcome prejudicial treatment through inclusion. The most effective way to cure society of exclusionary practices is to make special efforts at inclusion, which is exactly what affirmative action does."
Question: What is one of the issues with affirmative action?
Answer: inherently unequal
Question: How do people who are in favor of affirmative action view it?
Answer: an effort towards inclusion rather than a discriminatory practice
Question: What does affirmative action supposedly aim to do?
Answer: overcome prejudicial treatment through inclusion
Question: What do proponents of affirmative action believe is the best way to combat exclusionary practices?
Answer: make special efforts at inclusion
Question: What is one of the issues with non-affirmative action?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do people who aren't in favor of affirmative action view it?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does affirmative action supposedly not aim to do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do proponents of affirmative action believe is the worst way to combat exclusionary practices?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The ground-attack aircraft of the USAF are designed to attack targets on the ground and are often deployed as close air support for, and in proximity to, U.S. ground forces. The proximity to friendly forces require precision strikes from these aircraft that are not possible with bomber aircraft listed below. They are typically deployed as close air support to ground forces, their role is tactical rather than strategic, operating at the front of the battle rather than against targets deeper in the enemy's rear.
Question: What are the ground-attack aircraft in the USAF usually deployed in support for?
Answer: U.S. ground forces
Question: What does the closeness to friendly troops require of these US Air Force aircraft?
Answer: precision strikes
Question: What part of a battle line are the precision strike aircraft of the USAF deployed?
Answer: front of the battle
Question: What type of aircraft is not appropriate to be used in close proximity of US ground troops?
Answer: bomber aircraft |
Context: The Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died. Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor, and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse. Puyi, the oldest son of Zaifeng, Prince Chun, and nephew to the childless Guangxu Emperor, was appointed successor at the age of two, leaving Zaifeng with the regency. This was followed by the dismissal of General Yuan Shikai from his former positions of power. In April 1911 Zaifeng created a cabinet in which there were two vice-premiers. Nonetheless, this cabinet was also known by contemporaries as "The Royal Cabinet" because among the thirteen cabinet members, five were members of the imperial family or Aisin Gioro relatives. This brought a wide range of negative opinions from senior officials like Zhang Zhidong. The Wuchang Uprising of October 10, 1911, led to the creation of a new central government, the Republic of China, in Nanjing with Sun Yat-sen as its provisional head. Many provinces soon began "separating" from Qing control. Seeing a desperate situation unfold, the Qing government brought Yuan Shikai back to military power. He took control of his Beiyang Army to crush the revolution in Wuhan at the Battle of Yangxia. After taking the position of Prime Minister and creating his own cabinet, Yuan Shikai went as far as to ask for the removal of Zaifeng from the regency. This removal later proceeded with directions from Empress Dowager Longyu.
Question: What year did Guangxu die?
Answer: 1908
Question: What year did Cixi die?
Answer: 1908
Question: Who ruled after Guangxu?
Answer: Prince Chun
Question: How old was Prince Chun?
Answer: two
Question: What year was the Republic of China created?
Answer: 1911 |
Context: "Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.
Question: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?
Answer: J. G. Droysen
Question: What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?
Answer: History of Hellenism
Question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?
Answer: Matthew Arnold
Question: What century did Hellenistic become a concept?
Answer: 19th
Question: In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?
Answer: Hellenism |
Context: Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc player that is capable of playing digital tracks, has a digital optical output for digital PCM and DTS audio, is aware of AC-3 audio tracks, and has an AC-3 coaxial output; an external or internal AC-3 RF demodulator and AC-3 decoder; and a DTS decoder. Many 1990s A/V receivers combine the AC-3 decoder and DTS decoder logic, but an integrated AC-3 demodulator is rare both in LaserDisc players and in later A/V receivers.
Question: Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find?
Answer: rare
Question: How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs?
Answer: Only one
Question: What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers?
Answer: DTS |
Context: Detailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre.
Question: Where can historical licensing records be examined?
Answer: London Metropolitan Archives centre
Question: Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records?
Answer: owner |
Context: By the 1950s the success of digital electronic computers had spelled the end for most analog computing machines, but analog computers remain in use in some specialized applications such as education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).
Question: By what decade were analog computing devices rendered obsolete?
Answer: 50s
Question: Analog computers remain in use in what industries?
Answer: education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule). |
Context: Season eight premiered on January 13, 2009. Mike Darnell, the president of alternative programming for Fox, stated that the season would focus more on the contestants' personal life. Much early attention on the show was therefore focused on the widowhood of Danny Gokey.[citation needed]
Question: What year did the eighth season of American Idol first air?
Answer: 2009
Question: Which contestant from season eight suffered the loss of a spouse?
Answer: Danny Gokey
Question: What was Mike Darnells position at Fox in 2009?
Answer: president of alternative programming
Question: What month did American Idol begin airing its eighth season?
Answer: January
Question: When did season eight premiere?
Answer: January 13, 2009
Question: Who was the president of alternative programming at Fox?
Answer: Mike Darnell
Question: Which contestant received a lot of attention because of his widowhood?
Answer: Danny Gokey |
Context: In matches with multiple competitors, an elimination system may be used. Any wrestler who has a fall scored against them is forced out of the match, and the match continues until only one remains. However, it is much more common when more than two wrestlers are involved to simply go one fall, with the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner. In championship matches, this means that, unlike one-on-one matches (where the champion can simply disqualify themselves or get themselves counted out to retain the title via the "champion's advantag"), the champion does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship. However, heel champions often find advantages, not in champion's advantage, but in the use of weapons and outside interference, as these poly-sided matches tend to involve no holds barred rules.
Question: What happens when a wrestler has a fall against them?
Answer: is forced out of the match
Question: What kind of rules does a poly-sided match usually have?
Answer: no holds barred rules
Question: What usually happens when two or more wrestlers are involved?
Answer: to simply go one fall, with the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner.
Question: How can a champion lose a championship?
Answer: does not have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship. |
Context: Traditional morphology-based or appearance-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass,:180 and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), springtails (Collembola), Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mouth parts. Supraordinal relationships have undergone numerous changes with the advent of methods based on evolutionary history and genetic data. A recent theory is that the Hexapoda are polyphyletic (where the last common ancestor was not a member of the group), with the entognath classes having separate evolutionary histories from the Insecta. Many of the traditional appearance-based taxa have been shown to be paraphyletic, so rather than using ranks like subclass, superorder, and infraorder, it has proved better to use monophyletic groupings (in which the last common ancestor is a member of the group). The following represents the best-supported monophyletic groupings for the Insecta.
Question: Morphology-based and appearance-based are known as what?
Answer: systematics
Question: What class is the Hexapoda ranked?
Answer: superclass
Question: How many groups are defined in the superclass?
Answer: four groups
Question: Springtails are also known as what?
Answer: Collembola
Question: Collembola, protura, and dipkura are in a group called what?
Answer: Entognatha |
Context: While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.
Question: Which hurricane brought damaging rains to Tennessee in 1995?
Answer: Hurricane Opal
Question: On average, how many days each year are there thunderstorms in Tennessee?
Answer: 50
Question: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?
Answer: West and Middle Tennessee
Question: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?
Answer: 15
Question: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?
Answer: 1993 |
Context: The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the Port of Houston. In the United States, the port ranks first in international commerce and tenth among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places, high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy, as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry. Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil, gas, and products pipelines:
Question: Of what is Houston a center?
Answer: oilfield equipment
Question: What has the Houston ship channel served to promote into success?
Answer: petrochemical complex
Question: Where does the Port of Houston rank in international commerce?
Answer: first
Question: Where does Houston rate in the size ranking of world ports?
Answer: tenth
Question: What lines begin or end in Houston?
Answer: pipelines
Question: Of what is Texas a center?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has the Texas ship channel served to promote into success?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does the Port of Texas rank in international commerce?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does Texas rate in the size ranking of world ports?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What lines begin or end in Texas?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: From 1842 onwards, Chopin showed signs of serious illness. After a solo recital in Paris on 21 February 1842, he wrote to Grzymała: "I have to lie in bed all day long, my mouth and tonsils are aching so much." He was forced by illness to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of the Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's on 1 March 1843. Late in 1844, Charles Hallé visited Chopin and found him "hardly able to move, bent like a half-opened penknife and evidently in great pain", although his spirits returned when he started to play the piano for his visitor. Chopin's health continued to deteriorate, particularly from this time onwards. Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy.
Question: In which year did Chopin begin experiencing a serious decline in health?
Answer: 1842
Question: To whom did Chopin write a letter on 21 February 1842 about his agonizing pain?
Answer: Grzymała
Question: What performance was Chopin forced to decline due to his increasing ill health?
Answer: Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's
Question: What instrument did Chopin play for Charles Hallé when the latter visited him?
Answer: piano
Question: What has current day research suggested that Chopin was suffering from alongside his other illnesses?
Answer: temporal lobe epilepsy
Question: Starting in what year did Chopin start showing evidence of very bad health?
Answer: 1842
Question: What second performance did Chopin have to decline to play?
Answer: Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement
Question: What specific illness does modern evidence point to Chopin having?
Answer: temporal lobe epilepsy
Question: When did Chopin show signs of serious illness?
Answer: From 1842 onwards
Question: Chopin wrote in 1842 that he had to lie in bed all day because what ached so much?
Answer: mouth and tonsils
Question: Chopin had to decline who's invitation in 1843 to particpate in a performance at Erard's?
Answer: Alkan
Question: Who visited Chopin in 1844 and wrote about his inability to move?
Answer: Charles Hallé
Question: Modern medicine indicates Chopin may have suffered from what condition?
Answer: temporal lobe epilepsy. |
Context: Moreover, a conflict of interest between professional investment managers and their institutional clients, combined with a global glut in investment capital, led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets. Professional investment managers generally are compensated based on the volume of client assets under management. There is, therefore, an incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management in order to maximize their compensation. As the glut in global investment capital caused the yields on credit assets to decline, asset managers were faced with the choice of either investing in assets where returns did not reflect true credit risk or returning funds to clients. Many asset managers chose to continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments, to the detriment of their clients, in order to maintain their assets under management. This choice was supported by a "plausible deniability" of the risks associated with subprime-based credit assets because the loss experience with early "vintages" of subprime loans was so low.
Question: What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets?
Answer: a conflict of interest
Question: Who is compensated based on the volume of client assets they have under management?
Answer: Professional investment managers
Question: What is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management?
Answer: to maximize their compensation
Question: What did many asset managers decide to do to the detriment of their clients?
Answer: continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments
Question: What rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use?
Answer: plausible deniability |
Context: Bertrand Russell saw the Enlightenment as a phase in a progressive development, which began in antiquity, and that reason and challenges to the established order were constant ideals throughout that time. Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation, and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church. Though many of these philosophical ideals were picked up by Catholics, Russell argues, by the 18th century the Enlightenment was the principal manifestation of the schism that began with Martin Luther.
Question: Which philosopher believed that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation?
Answer: Bertrand Russell
Question: Where did Betrand Russell believe views such as affinity for democracy against monarachy originated from?
Answer: 16th-century Protestants
Question: Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?
Answer: Martin Luther |
Context: Many insects possess very sensitive and, or specialized organs of perception. Some insects such as bees can perceive ultraviolet wavelengths, or detect polarized light, while the antennae of male moths can detect the pheromones of female moths over distances of many kilometers. The yellow paper wasp (Polistes versicolor) is known for its wagging movements as a form of communication within the colony; it can waggle with a frequency of 10.6±2.1 Hz (n=190). These wagging movements can signal the arrival of new material into the nest and aggression between workers can be used to stimulate others to increase foraging expeditions. There is a pronounced tendency for there to be a trade-off between visual acuity and chemical or tactile acuity, such that most insects with well-developed eyes have reduced or simple antennae, and vice versa. There are a variety of different mechanisms by which insects perceive sound, while the patterns are not universal, insects can generally hear sound if they can produce it. Different insect species can have varying hearing, though most insects can hear only a narrow range of frequencies related to the frequency of the sounds they can produce. Mosquitoes have been found to hear up to 2 kHz., and some grasshoppers can hear up to 50 kHz. Certain predatory and parasitic insects can detect the characteristic sounds made by their prey or hosts, respectively. For instance, some nocturnal moths can perceive the ultrasonic emissions of bats, which helps them avoid predation.:87–94 Insects that feed on blood have special sensory structures that can detect infrared emissions, and use them to home in on their hosts.
Question: Insects have specialized organs of what kind?
Answer: perception
Question: Insect organs are described as sensitive and what?
Answer: specialized
Question: What kind of insect can detect ultraviolet wavelengths?
Answer: bees
Question: Bees can detect what kind of light?
Answer: polarized light
Question: What is a Polistes versicolor?
Answer: yellow paper wasp |
Context: The opposite of a Show Up is a "Rip". This is for sub-standard work, which is sometimes torn at the top of the page/sheet and must be submitted to the boy's housemaster for signature. Boys who accumulate rips are liable to be given a "White Ticket", which must be signed by all his teachers and may be accompanied by other punishments, usually involving doing domestic chores or writing lines. In recent times,[when?] a milder form of the rip, 'sign for information', colloquially known as an "info", has been introduced, which must also be signed by the boy's housemaster and tutor.
Question: What is the opposite of a Show Up?
Answer: a "Rip"
Question: Who must sign a Rip?
Answer: the boy's housemaster
Question: Who must sign a White Ticket?
Answer: all his teachers
Question: Who must sign an "info"?
Answer: the boy's housemaster and tutor
Question: What punishment term is "info" short for?
Answer: sign for information
Question: What action is colloquially known as a Show Up?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are boys who accumulate Show Up's liable to receive?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are some of the consequences of earning a Show Up?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who must sign a Show Up?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to present. Between 2000 and 2010 the city's population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nation's 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777, more than a 60 percent drop from a peak population of over 1.8 million at the 1950 census. This resulted from suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and the decline of Detroit's auto industry. Following the shift of population and jobs to its suburbs or other states or nations, the city has focused on becoming the metropolitan region's employment and economic center. Downtown Detroit has held an increased role as an entertainment destination in the 21st century, with the restoration of several historic theatres, several new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, and a handful of other neighborhoods has increased. Many other neighborhoods remain distressed, with extensive abandonment of properties.
Question: By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century?
Answer: 25
Question: The decline of what industry has hurt Detroit?
Answer: auto
Question: What industry has Detroit tried to revitalize in recent years?
Answer: entertainment
Question: What is one of the problems that currently effects property values in Detroit?
Answer: abandonment of properties |
Context: In 2010 and 2011, state and federal funds were awarded to Connecticut (and Massachusetts) to construct the Hartford Line, with a southern terminus at New Haven's Union Station and a northern terminus at Springfield's Union Station. According to the White House, "This corridor [currently] has one train per day connecting communities in Connecticut and Massachusetts to the Northeast Corridor and Vermont. The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served." Set for construction in 2013, the "Knowledge Corridor high speed intercity passenger rail" project will cost approximately $1 billion, and the ultimate northern terminus for the project is reported to be Montreal in Canada. Train speeds between will reportedly exceed 110 miles per hour (180 km/h) and increase both cities' rail traffic exponentially.
Question: Funding was awarded to Connecticut in 2010 and 2011 to build what line with a southern terminus in New Haven?
Answer: Hartford Line
Question: At what terminal in New Haven was the Hartford Line slated to originate?
Answer: Union Station
Question: What location provided the northern terminus for the Hartford Line?
Answer: Springfield's Union Station
Question: What is the name of the corridor in western Massachusetts by which federal authorities sought to improve trip times and the amount of the population served in both New Haven and Springfield?
Answer: Knowledge Corridor
Question: In what year was the "Knowledge corridor high speed intercity passenger rail" slated for construction?
Answer: 2013
Question: What is the name of the train line that connects Connecticut and Massachusetts together?
Answer: Hartford Line
Question: Where is the starting point of the terminus line in New Haven?
Answer: New Haven's Union Station
Question: The purpose of the train line is to connect Connecticut and Massachusetts to what state north?
Answer: Vermont
Question: When does the Knowledge Corridor line begins it's construction?
Answer: in 2013
Question: Generally how fast are these trains?
Answer: 180 km/h |
Context: In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News correspondent Art Rascon, award-winning ESPN sportscaster and former Miss America Sharlene Wells Hawkes '86 and former co-host of CBS's The Early Show Jane Clayson Johnson '90. In entertainment and television, BYU is represented by Jon Heder '02 (best known for his role as Napoleon Dynamite), writer-director Daryn Tufts '98, Golden Globe-nominated Aaron Eckhart '94, animator and filmmaker Don Bluth '54, Jeopardy! all-time champion Ken Jennings '00, and Richard Dutcher, the "Father of Mormon Cinema." In the music industry BYU is represented by lead singer of the Grammy Award winning band Imagine Dragons Dan Reynolds, multi-platinum selling drummer Elaine Bradley from the band Neon Trees, crossover dubstep violinist Lindsey Stirling, former American Idol contestant Carmen Rasmusen, Mormon Tabernacle Choir director Mack Wilberg and pianist Massimiliano Frani.
Question: Where did best selling author Stephenie Meyer graduate from in 1995?
Answer: BYU
Question: Which former Miss America graduated from BYU?
Answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes
Question: Which former co-host of CBS's The Early Show graduated from BYU?
Answer: Jane Clayson Johnson
Question: Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU?
Answer: Sharlene Wells Hawkes
Question: Which former CBS News correspondent graduated from BYU?
Answer: Art Rascon
Question: What best selling author graduated from BYU in 1957?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What best selling author graduated from BYU in 1989?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What best selling author graduated from BYU in 1959?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Miss America Sharlene Johnson graduate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Ken Dutcher considered to be?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Von Neumann entered government service (Manhattan Project) primarily because he felt that, if freedom and civilization were to survive, it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism from Nazism, Fascism and Soviet Communism. During a Senate committee hearing he described his political ideology as "violently anti-communist, and much more militaristic than the norm". He was quoted in 1950 remarking, "If you say why not bomb [the Soviets] tomorrow, I say, why not today? If you say today at five o'clock, I say why not one o'clock?"
Question: Why did von Neumann join government work?
Answer: felt that, if freedom and civilization were to survive, it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism
Question: How did von Neumaan describe his political ideology?
Answer: violently anti-communist, and much more militaristic than the norm
Question: What was the project that von Neumann first participated in government?
Answer: Manhattan Project |
Context: By 1979, with the establishment of the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) as a California non-profit research institution, an effort led by Robert F. Smith began to take full account of Larson’s work and to publish a Critical Text of the Book of Mormon. Thus was born the FARMS Critical Text Project which published the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work, greatly aided through the advice and assistance of then Yale doctoral candidate Grant Hardy, Dr. Gordon C. Thomasson, Professor John W. Welch (the head of FARMS), Professor Royal Skousen, and others too numerous to mention here. However, these were merely preliminary steps to a far more exacting and all-encompassing project.
Question: What is FARMS?
Answer: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
Question: Who spearheaded the Critical Text of the Book of Mormon project?
Answer: Robert F. Smith
Question: How many years did it take to publish all three volumes of the Book of Mormon Critical Text?
Answer: the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987
Question: Was the third volume of the first edition deemed sufficient?
Answer: The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work
Question: Who is the head of FARMS?
Answer: Professor John W. Welch
Question: When did FARMS stop existing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the fifth volume of Critical Text Project published?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What book did Grant Hardy publish in 1987?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Larson begin the research for what project?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: FARMS was funded by whom?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Among other inhabitants of London are 10,000 foxes, so that there are now 16 foxes for every square mile (2.6 square kilometres) of London. These urban foxes are noticeably bolder than their country cousins, sharing the pavement with pedestrians and raising cubs in people's backyards. Foxes have even sneaked into the Houses of Parliament, where one was found asleep on a filing cabinet. Another broke into the grounds of Buckingham Palace, reportedly killing some of Queen Elizabeth II's prized pink flamingos. Generally, however, foxes and city folk appear to get along. A survey in 2001 by the London-based Mammal Society found that 80 percent of 3,779 respondents who volunteered to keep a diary of garden mammal visits liked having them around. This sample cannot be taken to represent Londoners as a whole.
Question: What type of animal belonging to Queen Elizabeth II was killed by an intruding fox on the Buckingham Palace grounds?
Answer: pink flamingos
Question: What animal was seen sleeping in London's Parliament Building?
Answer: fox
Question: Approximately how many foxes live in the City of London?
Answer: 10,000
Question: In 2001, what organization conducted a survey of residents regarding London's fox population?
Answer: the London-based Mammal Society
Question: What is London's fox population density?
Answer: 16 foxes for every square mile (2.6 square kilometres) |
Context: In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała "My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was "closer to the grave than the nuptial bed." He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere", he wrote to Grzymała.
Question: Where did Jane Stirling invite Chopin?
Answer: Scotland
Question: What doctor was with Chopin when he wrote out his will?
Answer: Adam Łyszczyński
Question: Where was Chopin invited to in late summer?
Answer: Scotland
Question: What city did Chopin perform at on September 27?
Answer: Glasgow
Question: What did Chopin write while staying with Doctor Adam Łyszczyński?
Answer: will |
Context: Theism generally holds that God exists realistically, objectively, and independently of human thought; that God created and sustains everything; that God is omnipotent and eternal; and that God is personal and interacting with the universe through, for example, religious experience and the prayers of humans. Theism holds that God is both transcendent and immanent; thus, God is simultaneously infinite and in some way present in the affairs of the world. Not all theists subscribe to all of these propositions, but each usually subscribes to some of them (see, by way of comparison, family resemblance). Catholic theology holds that God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time. Most theists hold that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent, although this belief raises questions about God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world. Some theists ascribe to God a self-conscious or purposeful limiting of omnipotence, omniscience, or benevolence. Open Theism, by contrast, asserts that, due to the nature of time, God's omniscience does not mean the deity can predict the future. Theism is sometimes used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods, i.e., monotheism or polytheism.
Question: What is the basis behind Catholic theology?
Answer: God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time
Question: What ways can God interact with the universe?
Answer: religious experience and the prayers of humans
Question: Why is it sometimes hard to think of God as benevolent?
Answer: God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world
Question: What is the suffix theism used for?
Answer: used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods
Question: What are examples of different types of theism?
Answer: monotheism or polytheism
Question: What three points do most theists agree on?
Answer: God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent,
Question: What religion believes that God is infinitely simple and not subject to time?
Answer: Catholic
Question: What does theism mean in general?
Answer: belief in a god or gods
Question: What is one attribute of the universe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the universe act through?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the term Catholicism sometimes refer to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two things make it hard for theists to believe the universe is benevolent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do Catholics believe about Gods limited omniscience?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from local 8-bit code pages. However RFC 3629, the UTF-8 standard, recommends that byte order marks be forbidden in protocols using UTF-8, but discusses the cases where this may not be possible. In addition, the large restriction on possible patterns in UTF-8 (for instance there cannot be any lone bytes with the high bit set) means that it should be possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other character encodings without relying on the BOM.
Question: What is the UTF-8 standard?
Answer: RFC 3629
Question: Byte order marks are forbidden in protocols using what standard?
Answer: UTF-8
Question: Why is it possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other protocols?
Answer: the large restriction on possible patterns
Question: BOM can not replace what kind of UTF-8 text?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is used to distinguish local 8-bit code pages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the BOM standard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of bytes are required in a high bit set?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of patterns are rarely resticted?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop failure. The first known ones were made by Enmetena and Urukagina of Lagash in 2400-2350 BC. According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants due to the inability to repay the debt.
Question: What type of debt did "clean slate" decrees cancel?
Answer: rural
Question: When did rulers typically proclaim "clean slate" decrees?
Answer: the first full year of their reign
Question: Who made the first known clean slate decrees?
Answer: Enmetena and Urukagina
Question: Why were the clean slate decrees useful to the rulers of Sumer?
Answer: to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force
Question: What would happen if peasants couldn't repay their debts?
Answer: lost the subsistence land or became bondservants
Question: Who some times cleared commercial debts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was it called when rulers cleared commercial debts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who made a clean slate decree in the 24th century BC?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital's highest points of elevation. From then on, the new reservoir system became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs, were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris' streets. This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water-supply network. Today Paris has more than 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris' liquid wastes.
Question: WHen did the Canal de l'Ourcq start providing Paris with water?
Answer: 1809
Question: Who was Eugene Belgrand under?
Answer: Napoleon III
Question: How many km of underground passageways are dedicated to teh evacuationof Paris' waste liquids?
Answer: 2,400
Question: Who created Paris' reservoir system?
Answer: Eugène Belgrand |
Context: These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrants, which it feeds to its young. A similar strategy is adopted by the greater noctule bat, which preys on nocturnal passerine migrants. The higher concentrations of migrating birds at stopover sites make them prone to parasites and pathogens, which require a heightened immune response.
Question: What is hightened during migration?
Answer: Predation
Question: Where do Eleonora's falcon breed?
Answer: Mediterranean islands
Question: What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young?
Answer: southbound passerine migrants
Question: What preys on nocturnal passerine migrants?
Answer: the greater noctule bat
Question: What makes birds prone to parasites and pathogens?
Answer: higher concentrations of migrating birds |
Context: In addition to basic uniform clothing, various badges are used by the USAF to indicate a billet assignment or qualification-level for a given assignment. Badges can also be used as merit-based or service-based awards. Over time, various badges have been discontinued and are no longer distributed. Authorized badges include the Shields of USAF Fire Protection, and Security Forces, and the Missile Badge (or "pocket rocket"), which is earned after working in a missile system maintenance or missile operations capacity for at least one year.
Question: What is worn by USAF members to indicate a billet assignment?
Answer: various badges
Question: What else can Badges be used to designate in the USAF?
Answer: merit-based or service-based awards
Question: What is one of the types of Authorized Badges in the USAF?
Answer: Shields of USAF Fire Protection
Question: When is the special "pocket rocket" badge given to USAF personnel working in a missile system operation?
Answer: at least one year |
Context: Recycled papers can be made from 100% recycled materials or blended with virgin pulp, although they are (generally) not as strong nor as bright as papers made from the latter.
Question: Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp?
Answer: virgin
Question: What is the only thing recycled papers can be made from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of paper is generally brighter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of paper is generally stronger?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of paper can be made from 10% recycled materials?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are recycled materials blended with to make latter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Recylced papers can be made with what old type of pulp?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The group changed their name to Destiny's Child in 1996, based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah. In 1997, Destiny's Child released their major label debut song "Killing Time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black. The following year, the group released their self-titled debut album, scoring their first major hit "No, No, No". The album established the group as a viable act in the music industry, with moderate sales and winning the group three Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards for Best R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist, and Best R&B/Soul Single for "No, No, No". The group released their multi-platinum second album The Writing's on the Wall in 1999. The record features some of the group's most widely known songs such as "Bills, Bills, Bills", the group's first number-one single, "Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name", which became their most successful song at the time, and would remain one of their signature songs. "Say My Name" won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the Best R&B Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. The Writing's on the Wall sold more than eight million copies worldwide. During this time, Beyoncé recorded a duet with Marc Nelson, an original member of Boyz II Men, on the song "After All Is Said and Done" for the soundtrack to the 1999 film, The Best Man.
Question: Which film featured Destiny's Child's first major single?
Answer: Men in Black
Question: For which song, did Destiny's Child take home the grammy award for best R&B performance?
Answer: "Say My Name"
Question: Who did Beyonce record with for the movie "The Best Man?"
Answer: Marc Nelson
Question: Beyonce's group changed their name to Destiny's Child in what year?
Answer: 1996
Question: The name Destiny's Child was based on a quote in which book of the Bible?
Answer: Book of Isaiah
Question: Debut song, "Killing Time" was featured on what movie's sound track?
Answer: Men in Black
Question: What song won Best R&B Performance in the 43 Annual Grammy Awards?
Answer: Say My Name
Question: What singer did Beyonce record a song with for the movie, ''The Best Man"?
Answer: Marc Nelson
Question: Where did Destiny's Child get their name from?
Answer: Book of Isaiah.
Question: Destiny's Child song, Killing Time, was included in which film's soundtrack?
Answer: Men in Black.
Question: What was Destiny's Child's first major song hit?
Answer: No, No, No
Question: When did Destiny's Child release their second album?
Answer: 1999
Question: Who did Beyoncé sing a duet with for "The Best Man" film?
Answer: Marc Nelson |
Context: Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra. Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused. Chinese officials labeled it a rumor. Australian police have been given powers to search relay spectators, following a call by the Chinese Students and Scholars Association for Chinese Australian students to "go defend our sacred torch" against "ethnic degenerate scum and anti-China separatists". Tony Goh, chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations, has said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra by bus, to support the torch relay. Zhang Rongan, a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations, told the press that Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators, and helping them organise a "peaceful show of strength". Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view", but that he had no objection to it as long as they remained peaceful.
Question: Who did the Chinese want to deploy to Canberra to protect the flame?
Answer: People's Liberation Army personnel
Question: Chinese Australian students were told to defend what against scum and separatists?
Answer: sacred torch
Question: Who was the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations?
Answer: Tony Goh
Question: Who was the Foreign Minister who said he was okay with protests as long as they were peaceful?
Answer: Stephen Smith
Question: What group did China want along the relay route in Canberra?
Answer: People's Liberation Army
Question: Who was given permission to search attendees of the relay?
Answer: Australian police
Question: Who said that thousands of pro-Beijing supporters would be bused in?
Answer: Tony Goh
Question: Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a "peaceful show of strength"?
Answer: Zhang Rongan
Question: Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?
Answer: Stephen Smith |
Context: The 21 nocturnes are more structured, and of greater emotional depth, than those of Field (whom Chopin met in 1833). Many of the Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression (and often making very difficult demands on the performer) which heightens their dramatic character.
Question: How many nocturnes did Chopin compose?
Answer: 21
Question: What is it about the middle of Chopin's nocturnes that increases their drama?
Answer: agitated expression
Question: Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who?
Answer: Field
Question: What year did Chopin meet Field?
Answer: 1833
Question: Which type of Chopin's compositons were difficult for perfomers due to their middle sections?
Answer: nocturnes |
Context: Hastings was entrusted with the power of peace and war. British judges and magistrates would also be sent to India to administer the legal system. The Governor General and the council would have complete legislative powers. The company was allowed to maintain its virtual monopoly over trade in exchange for the biennial sum and was obligated to export a minimum quantity of goods yearly to Britain. The costs of administration were to be met by the company. The Company initially welcomed these provisions, but the annual burden of the payment contributed to the steady decline of its finances.
Question: The highest ranking persons title in British india is?
Answer: The Governor General
Question: in British indian a jugde had to come from where to oversee the legal system?
Answer: British
Question: The highest ranking person's title in British india is?
Answer: Governor General
Question: Did EIC have a monopoly over the governement or trade in british india
Answer: trade
Question: Other then money what did it cost the EIC to have the control in trade the had in British India
Answer: export a minimum quantity of goods yearly to Britain
Question: Who is the lowest ranking person in British India?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who couldn't be trusted with the power of peace and war?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who were removed from India to administer the legal system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had only limited legislative powers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was eventually bankrupt due to their virtual monopoly?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over 3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph) and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph). The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles.
Question: What is the name of the solar powered car race held every two years?
Answer: The World Solar Challenge
Question: What was the winner of the World Solar Challenge's average speed in 2007 in km/h?
Answer: 90.87
Question: What is The World Solar Challenge?
Answer: a biannual solar-powered car race
Question: When was The World Solar Challenge started?
Answer: 1987
Question: What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car in 1987?
Answer: 67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)
Question: What was the average speed of a winning solar powered car by 2007?
Answer: 90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)
Question: What are some other similar car races that use solar powered vehicles?
Answer: The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge |
Context: By mid-November 1940, when the Germans adopted a changed plan, more than 13,000 short tons (12,000 t) of high explosive and nearly 1,000,000 incendiaries had fallen on London. Outside the capital, there had been widespread harassing activity by single aircraft, as well as fairly strong diversionary attacks on Birmingham, Coventry and Liverpool, but no major raids. The London docks and railways communications had taken a heavy pounding, and much damage had been done to the railway system outside. In September, there had been no less than 667 hits on railways in Great Britain, and at one period, between 5,000 and 6,000 wagons were standing idle from the effect of delayed action bombs. But the great bulk of the traffic went on; and Londoners—though they glanced apprehensively each morning at the list of closed stretches of line displayed at their local station, or made strange detours round back streets in the buses—still got to work. For all the destruction of life and property, the observers sent out by the Ministry of Home Security failed to discover the slightest sign of a break in morale. More than 13,000 civilians had been killed, and almost 20,000 injured, in September and October alone, but the death toll was much less than expected. In late 1940, Churchill credited the shelters:
Question: By mid November of 1940 how many incendiaries were dropped on London?
Answer: 1,000,000
Question: What locations suffered strong diversionary tactics?
Answer: Birmingham, Coventry and Liverpool
Question: In September how many railway hits were there in Great Britain?
Answer: no less than 667
Question: What did the Ministry of Home Security fail to discover?
Answer: the slightest sign of a break in morale
Question: About how many civilians were injured in September and October?
Answer: 20,000 |
Context: Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.
Question: When was the low point for English football?
Answer: the late '80s had marked a low point for English football
Question: Why was there a low point for English football?
Answer: Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife
Question: Why were the English clubs banned from European competition in the 1980's?
Answer: English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985.
Question: Had the Football League First Division ever been in the top level?
Answer: The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888
Question: In which year were English football clubs banned from competition in Europe?
Answer: 1985
Question: How long were the clubs banned for?
Answer: five years
Question: What did English players do after the ban?
Answer: moved abroad
Question: When attendance dropped to the Football League First Division, what else decreased?
Answer: revenues
Question: Because of European success, which decade marked a high point for English football?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Despite English success during the 70s and 80s, what did the 80's mean for European football?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which decade was the high point for English football?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why were English clubs asked to join the European competition for five years?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Since which year has the Football League First Division been the low level of English football?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, and coffeehouses have become ubiquitous. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as falafel and kebabs popular examples of modern New York street food. The city is also home to nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world, according to Michelin. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assigns letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants based upon their inspection results.
Question: How many restaurants are there in NYC?
Answer: 24,000
Question: How many mobile food vendors operate in New York City?
Answer: 4,000
Question: How many restaurants is New York home to?
Answer: 24,000
Question: What public department inspects the restaurants of New York?
Answer: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Question: According to Michelin, about how many fine dining restaurants exist in New York?
Answer: one thousand |
Context: Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:
Question: What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings?
Answer: second-growth
Question: Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?
Answer: open stands
Question: What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood?
Answer: strength
Question: What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes?
Answer: hickory
Question: What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?
Answer: U.S. Forest Service |
Context: Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas. Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Male slaves were castrated in order to serve as harem guards. The death toll of Black African slaves from forced labor was high. The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners' families under the patrilineal kinship system. As a result, few distinctive Afro-Arab black communities have survived in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries.
Question: How many sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved?
Answer: 10 to 18 million
Question: In what time frame were these people enslaved?
Answer: between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century
Question: Who enslaved these people?
Answer: Arab slave traders
Question: Why were women slaves more popular?
Answer: for them to serve as concubines
Question: Who was assimilated into the Arab slave owner families?
Answer: The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners |
Context: The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north. Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is near the tourist attraction of Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. Primrose Hill in the northern part of Regent's Park at 256 feet (78 m) is a popular spot to view the city skyline.
Question: How many royal parks are located in the center of London?
Answer: three
Question: In which park is the London Zoo housed?
Answer: Regent's Park
Question: What royal park shares a border with its neighbor, the park known as Kensington Gardens?
Answer: Hyde Park
Question: What area of Regent's Park is an excellent spot to see the London skyline?
Answer: Primrose Hill
Question: What popular tourist destination is located near Regent's Park?
Answer: Madame Tussauds Wax Museum |
Context: In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.
Question: How many undergrads were attending Notre Dame in 2014?
Answer: 8,448
Question: What percentage of students at Notre Dame are the children of former Notre Dame students?
Answer: 21–24%
Question: How many teams participate in the Notre Dame Bookstore Basketball tournament?
Answer: over 700
Question: For what cause is money raised at the Bengal Bouts tournament at Notre Dame?
Answer: the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh
Question: How many students in total were at Notre Dame in 2014?
Answer: 12,179 |
Context: The city also has several smaller music venues, including the Brook, The Talking Heads, The Soul Cellar, The Joiners and Turner Sims, as well as smaller "club circuit" venues like Hampton's and Lennon's, and a number of public houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others. The Joiners has played host to such acts as Oasis, Radiohead, Green Day, Suede, PJ Harvey, the Manic Street Preachers, Coldplay, the Verve, the Libertines and Franz Ferdinand, while Hampton's and Lennon's have hosted early appearances by Kate Nash, Scouting for Girls and Band of Skulls. The nightclub, Junk, has been nominated for the UK's best small nightclub, and plays host to a range of dance music's top acts.
Question: What nightclub in Southampton was nominated for the UK's best small nightclub?
Answer: Junk
Question: What genre of music is featured at Junk?
Answer: dance
Question: What small music venue in Southampton is named after an aquatic mammal?
Answer: the Dolphin |
Context: The value of the deposit was obvious from the start, but the means of extracting the bitumen were not. The nearest town, Fort McMurray, Alberta was a small fur trading post, other markets were far away, and transportation costs were too high to ship the raw bituminous sand for paving. In 1915, Sidney Ells of the Federal Mines Branch experimented with separation techniques and used the bitumen to pave 600 feet of road in Edmonton, Alberta. Other roads in Alberta were paved with oil sands, but it was generally not economic. During the 1920s Dr. Karl A. Clark of the Alberta Research Council patented a hot water oil separation process and entrepreneur Robert C. Fitzsimmons built the Bitumount oil separation plant, which between 1925 and 1958 produced up to 300 barrels (50 m3) per day of bitumen using Dr. Clark's method. Most of the bitumen was used for waterproofing roofs, but other uses included fuels, lubrication oils, printers ink, medicines, rust and acid-proof paints, fireproof roofing, street paving, patent leather, and fence post preservatives. Eventually Fitzsimmons ran out of money and the plant was taken over by the Alberta government. Today the Bitumount plant is a Provincial Historic Site.
Question: Who experimented with bitumen extraction techniques to make shipping easier?
Answer: Sidney Ells
Question: When did Ells begin using bitumen as a paving in Alberta?
Answer: 1915
Question: What researcher patented a hot water oil process to separate bitumen?
Answer: Dr. Karl A. Clark
Question: Who constructed the Bitumont oil separation plant?
Answer: Robert C. Fitzsimmons
Question: For what was most of the the Bitumont plant's output was used for waterproofing?
Answer: roofs
Question: From when was the value of Dr. Clark's method obvious?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The means of implanting what were not obvious?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The largest fur trading post was in what town?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Karl Clark use bitumen to pave 600 feet of road in Edmonton?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Sidney Ells use bitumen to pave 900 feet of road in Edmonton?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was declared a union territory, but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is "In the lap of Himalayas". It was named by Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma, one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh.
Question: Who is famous for natural beauty?
Answer: Himachal Pradesh
Question: What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War?
Answer: 1814–1816
Question: What does HIma mean in Sanskirt?
Answer: snow
Question: What is the literal meaning of Himachal Pradesh?
Answer: In the lap of Himalayas
Question: Who was one of the great sanskirt scholars of Himachal Pradesh?
Answer: Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma
Question: What was Pradesh declared in 1950?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one thing Britain is famous for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What came into power after the war between Himachal and Sanskrit?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Himalayas become part of the Punjab Province of British India?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was responsible for naming the Punjab Province of British India?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The term "Near and Middle East," held the stage for a few years before World War I. It proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view that saw the entire region as one. In 1916 Captain T.C. Fowle, 40th Pathans (troops of British India), wrote of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria just before the war. The book does not contain a single instance of "Near East." Instead, the entire region is considered "the Middle East." The formerly Near Eastern sections of his trip are now "Turkish" and not Ottoman.
Question: When did the term "Near and Middle East" hold stage?
Answer: a few years before World War I
Question: What proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view?
Answer: The term "Near and Middle East,"
Question: When did Captain T.C. Fowle write of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria?
Answer: 1916
Question: Who were the 40th Pathans?
Answer: (troops of British India
Question: In the book Fowle wrote, what is the entire region considered?
Answer: "the Middle East. |
Context: Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax (although Keating had dropped support for a GST by the time of his 1993 election victory). Howard's premiership coincided with Al Qaeda's 11 September attacks on the United States. The Howard Government invoked the ANZUS treaty in response to the attacks and supported America's campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Question: How was Howard different from Paul Keating?
Answer: he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag
Question: In what ways was Howard similar to Paul Keating?
Answer: pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax
Question: Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq?
Answer: The Howard Government
Question: Under what agreement did the Australian government support the US?
Answer: the ANZUS treaty
Question: How was Howard different from ANZUS?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what ways was Howard similar to ANZUS?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which government supported the Australia's war with Afghanistan and Iraq?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Under what agreement did ANZAC support the US?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Keating's premiership coincide with?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century.
Question: How far back does Egypt's history date back?
Answer: tenth millennium BC
Question: Why is Egypt considered a cradle of civilisation?
Answer: earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government
Question: What were some of Egypt's foreign influences?
Answer: Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European
Question: What are iconic monumuents of Egypt?
Answer: Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx
Question: In what century were islamic conquests of Egypt?
Answer: seventh century |
Context: House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues. Minority leaders also make floor speeches and close debate on major issues before the House; they deliver addresses in diverse forums across the country; and they write books or articles that highlight minority party goals and achievements. They must also be prepared "to debate on the floor, ad lib, no notes, on a moment's notice," remarked Minority Leader Michel. In brief, minority leaders are key strategists in developing and promoting the party's agenda and in outlining ways to neutralize the opposition's arguments and proposals.
Question: With whom does minority leader consult and participate in news conference?
Answer: counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House
Question: What is the overall party strategy for minority leader?
Answer: develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues
Question: What speaking obligations does minority leader have?
Answer: floor speeches and close debate on major issues before the House; they deliver addresses in diverse forums across the country
Question: What are the purpose of minority leader writings?
Answer: write books or articles that highlight minority party goals and achievements
Question: What kind of news conferences are held by the White House?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who does the White House consult with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one of the White House's main objectives?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of front does the White House need to show on issues?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does the President deliver addresses in diverse forums?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her biological and only son, whose conception and birth are held to be miraculous. While the Orthodox Churches hold the position articulated in the Protoevangelium of James that Jesus' brothers and sisters are older children of Joseph the Betrothed, step-siblings from an earlier marriage that left him widowed, Roman Catholic teaching follows the Latin father Jerome in considering them Jesus' cousins.
Question: What term is used to describe the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life?
Answer: Ever-Virgin
Question: Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins?
Answer: Jerome
Question: Which churches teach that Jesus' brothers and sister were step-siblings from a previous marriage of Joseph the Betrothed?
Answer: Orthodox Churches
Question: What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage?
Answer: Protoevangelium of James
Question: Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus?
Answer: The Perpetual Virginity of Mary
Question: What is the name of the Latin father who is considered Jesus' cousin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What doctrine asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity before the act of giving birth to Jesus?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the term used for Mary before giving birth to Jesus?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who wrote the Protoevangelium of James?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Most videos enable users to leave comments, and these have attracted attention for the negative aspects of both their form and content. In 2006, Time praised Web 2.0 for enabling "community and collaboration on a scale never seen before", and added that YouTube "harnesses the stupidity of crowds as well as its wisdom. Some of the comments on YouTube make you weep for the future of humanity just for the spelling alone, never mind the obscenity and the naked hatred". The Guardian in 2009 described users' comments on YouTube as:
Question: Most videos enable users to do what
Answer: leave comments
Question: What has attracted negative attention about comments on youtube besides their content?
Answer: their form
Question: Time in 2006 wrote that youtube harnessed the wisdom and what else of humanity?
Answer: stupidity
Question: Which magazine wrote about youtube in a 2009 article on user comments?
Answer: The Guardian
Question: Some of the positive aspects of youtube might be that it provides what on a scale we've never seen before?
Answer: community and collaboration
Question: What did Time say about YouTube in 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Guardian say about the comments on YouTube in 2006?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Time praise in 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can users leave on all videos?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary Royal Family and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales. In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, which allow her to be seen easily in a crowd.
Question: As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?
Answer: "fairytale Queen"
Question: What was the time after WWII heralded as?
Answer: "new Elizabethan age"
Question: Of what did Lord Altrincham say Elizabeth's speeches resembled?
Answer: "priggish schoolgirl"
Question: What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?
Answer: Prince of Wales
Question: In the 1960s, what did Elizabeth begin wearing to events ?
Answer: solid-colour overcoats
Question: In what year did Lord Altrincham receive his lordship?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Prince Charles tend to wear out in public?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who directed the television documentary Royal Family in the late 1960s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: who first called it a "new Elizabethan age"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has Prince Charles been accused of by one of his critics?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Flower ontogeny uses a combination of genes normally responsible for forming new shoots. The most primitive flowers probably had a variable number of flower parts, often separate from (but in contact with) each other. The flowers tended to grow in a spiral pattern, to be bisexual (in plants, this means both male and female parts on the same flower), and to be dominated by the ovary (female part). As flowers evolved, some variations developed parts fused together, with a much more specific number and design, and with either specific sexes per flower or plant or at least "ovary-inferior".
Question: What uses a combination of genes to form new shoots?
Answer: Flower ontogeny
Question: What were plant parts like in their primitive days?
Answer: separate from (but in contact with) each other
Question: How did flowers become bixsexual?
Answer: grow in a spiral pattern
Question: What did some plant parts do as they evolved?
Answer: fused together
Question: What is a term for a plant with a specific sex per flower?
Answer: "ovary-inferior"
Question: What was dominated by the male parts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How did flowers tend to grow when they were male dominant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did some plant parts do when the flower had only male parts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During flower ontogeny, what was a plant of a specific sex called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do ovary inferior plants use to form new shoots?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: To prevent this problem, in one implementation of destination control, every user gets an RFID card to identify himself, so the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls. The newest invention knows even where people are located and how many on which floor because of their identification, either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons. Another way to prevent this issue is to treat everyone travelling from one floor to another as one group and to allocate only one car for that group.
Question: What is one way to implement destination control?
Answer: every user gets an RFID card to identify himself
Question: How does this help the system?
Answer: the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls
Question: Newer systems know where and how many people are at a location for what reasons?
Answer: either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons |
Context: In the political realm, historians debate whether Napoleon was "an enlightened despot who laid the foundations of modern Europe or, instead, a megalomaniac who wrought greater misery than any man before the coming of Hitler." Many historians have concluded that he had grandiose foreign policy ambitions. The Continental powers as late as 1808 were willing to give him nearly all of his remarkable gains and titles, but some scholars maintain he was overly aggressive and pushed for too much, until his empire collapsed.
Question: How have many historians described Napoleon's foreign policy ambitions?
Answer: grandiose
Question: As late as what year were the Continental powers willing to give Napoleon most of the gains and titles he had acquired?
Answer: 1808
Question: Who continue to debate whether Napoleon was an enlightened despot, or a megalomaniac?
Answer: historians
Question: Some scholars maintain Napoleon's excessive aggression and pushing caused what to collapse?
Answer: his empire |
Context: Tensions soon developed among different Greek factions, leading to two consecutive civil wars. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Sultan negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain. Ibrahim landed in the Peloponnese in February 1825 and had immediate success: by the end of 1825, most of the Peloponnese was under Egyptian control, and the city of Missolonghi—put under siege by the Turks since April 1825—fell in April 1826. Although Ibrahim was defeated in Mani, he had succeeded in suppressing most of the revolt in the Peloponnese and Athens had been retaken.
Question: How many successive civil wars occurred between Greek clans?
Answer: two
Question: Who did Egypt send to Greece with an Army?
Answer: Ibrahim Pasha
Question: Ibrahim Pasha landed with his army when?
Answer: February 1825
Question: In what year did Missolonghi fall to the Egyptians?
Answer: 1826
Question: Ibrahim Pasha finally faced defeat where?
Answer: Mani |
Context: Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation.
Question: Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve?
Answer: telecom industry
Question: What sector provides key communication services?
Answer: telecom
Question: Why are local governments investing in telecom?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of Somalia's economy is telecom?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which industry in Somalia is not improving?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are key communication services?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards.The Romans made a fine green earth pigment, which was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyon, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities. They also used the pigment verdigris, made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine. By the Second Century AD, the Romans were using green in paintings, mosaics and glass, and there were ten different words in Latin for varieties of green.
Question: What color did the Romans attribute to Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables, and vineyards?
Answer: green
Question: What pigment was made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine?
Answer: verdigris
Question: How many different words for the varieties of green exist in Latin?
Answer: ten
Question: Glass was soaked in what to make green?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Romans begin making the pigment verdigris?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Roman cities hosted Venus' gardens?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many words does Latin have for painting?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Romans stop using green for in 2nd century AD?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Question: Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?
Answer: 1962
Question: Which see doesn't have its own bishop?
Answer: Ostia
Question: Who is in charge of Ostia?
Answer: Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Question: In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?
Answer: 1962
Question: What see is the one exception to this rule?
Answer: Ostia
Question: Who has power over the exception?
Answer: the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome
Question: What type of relationship did the pope have with suburbicarian sees?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did cardinal bishops have the powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is the bishop of Ostia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which does each see not have with the exception of Ostia?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or digital and the digital tracks on a PAL disc were 16-bit 44.1 kHz as on a CD; in the UK, the term "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio. The digital sound signal in both formats are EFM-encoded as in CD. Dolby Digital (also called AC-3) and DTS—which are now common on DVD titles—first became available on LaserDisc, and Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) which was released on LaserDisc in Japan, is among the first home video releases ever to include 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround. Unlike DVDs, which carry Dolby Digital audio in digital form, LaserDiscs store Dolby Digital in a frequency modulated form within a track normally used for analog audio. Extracting Dolby Digital from a LaserDisc required a player equipped with a special "AC-3 RF" output and an external demodulator in addition to an AC-3 decoder. The demodulator was necessary to convert the 2.88 MHz modulated AC-3 information on the disc into a 384 kbit/s signal that the decoder could handle. DTS audio, when available on a disc, replaced the digital audio tracks; hearing DTS sound required only an S/PDIF compliant digital connection to a DTS decoder.
Question: What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK?
Answer: "LaserVision" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while "LaserDisc" is used for those with digital audio
Question: The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format?
Answer: 6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround.
Question: What sound formatting do DVDs use?
Answer: Dolby Digital audio in digital form |
Context: The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a "Visiting Board" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of "recognized schools" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.
Question: When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the first RIBA Board was established?
Answer: 1904
Question: What school document had to meet the standards of the Board for admittance?
Answer: syllabus
Question: What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?
Answer: an approved external examiner
Question: What body carried out on-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?
Answer: Visiting Board
Question: When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the last RIBA Board was established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What school document had no impact on the standards of the Board for admittance?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was unnecessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What body carried out off-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software development lifecycle. Rather than replace traditional QA focuses, it augments it. Unit testing aims to eliminate construction errors before code is promoted to QA; this strategy is intended to increase the quality of the resulting software as well as the efficiency of the overall development and QA process.
Question: What is the main reasoning behind Unit testing that involves synchronization of the application on a broad spectrum?
Answer: reduce software development risks, time, and costs
Question: Who performs the Unit testing phase?
Answer: software developer or engineer
Question: What does Unit testing look to eliminate?
Answer: construction errors
Question: By elimination construction errors, what is the expected end result?
Answer: increase the quality of the resulting software
Question: Unit testing is a firmware development that involves what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Unit testing is preformed by the architect or what kind of developer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Instead of reducing traditional QA focuses, unit testing does what to it?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Unit testing tries to eliminate collaboration errors before what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: However, the classification of madaris as "universities" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, including the natural sciences, philosophy and literary studies, were only treated "ancillary" to the study of the Sharia. For example, a natural science like astronomy was only studied (if at all) to supply religious needs, like the time for prayer. This is why Ptolemaic astronomy was considered adequate, and is still taught in some modern day madaris. The Islamic law undergraduate degree from al-Azhar, the most prestigious madrasa, was traditionally granted without final examinations, but on the basis of the students' attentive attendance to courses. In contrast to the medieval doctorate which was granted by the collective authority of the faculty, the Islamic degree was not granted by the teacher to the pupil based on any formal criteria, but remained a "personal matter, the sole prerogative of the person bestowing it; no one could force him to give one".
Question: What field does the ijazah signify expertise in?
Answer: Islamic religious law of sharīʻah
Question: What was the purpose of studying natural sciences in madaris?
Answer: supply religious needs
Question: Who decided if a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris?
Answer: the teacher
Question: What scientific discipline is still taught in modern madaris?
Answer: Ptolemaic astronomy
Question: What is considered the most famous madrasa?
Answer: al-Azhar
Question: What field does the ijazah signify having no expertise in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the purpose of not studying natural sciences in madaris?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who disallowed when a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What scientific discipline is no longer taught in modern madaris?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is considered the least famous madrasa?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures. It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis. In 2003, its National Research Council published a report whose conclusions called into question 30 years of FBI testimony. It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence. One year later, the FBI decided to stop doing bullet lead analysis.
Question: What precision did the FBI believe they could reach with chemical signatures?
Answer: single box of bullets
Question: How long was the National Academy of Sciences independent review?
Answer: 18-month
Question: What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model?
Answer: deeply flawed
Question: Why did the FBI stop doing bullet lead analysis?
Answer: National Research Council
Question: What did the CIA crime lab believe about lead in bullets?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who conducted a 15-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who published a report confirming that the FBI model was correct?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the National Research Council confirm that the FBI's bullet analysis was correct?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the CIA stop using bullet lead analysis?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: One of the most influential works during this burgeoning period was Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written between 1511–12 and published in 1532, after Machiavelli's death. That work, as well as The Discourses, a rigorous analysis of the classical period, did much to influence modern political thought in the West. A minority (including Jean-Jacques Rousseau) interpreted The Prince as a satire meant to be given to the Medici after their recapture of Florence and their subsequent expulsion of Machiavelli from Florence. Though the work was written for the di Medici family in order to perhaps influence them to free him from exile, Machiavelli supported the Republic of Florence rather than the oligarchy of the di Medici family. At any rate, Machiavelli presents a pragmatic and somewhat consequentialist view of politics, whereby good and evil are mere means used to bring about an end—i.e., the secure and powerful state. Thomas Hobbes, well known for his theory of the social contract, goes on to expand this view at the start of the 17th century during the English Renaissance. Although neither Machiavelli nor Hobbes believed in the divine right of kings, they both believed in the inherent selfishness of the individual. It was necessarily this belief that led them to adopt a strong central power as the only means of preventing the disintegration of the social order.
Question: What was one of the most influential works during the period?
Answer: Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince
Question: When was Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince published?
Answer: 1532
Question: Who wrote The Prince?
Answer: Niccolò Machiavelli
Question: Who was well known for his theory of the social contract?
Answer: Thomas Hobbes
Question: What influential work was written in 1532?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was published just before Machiavelli died?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Prince and what other work influenced medieval political thought?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was written to free the Mattice family from exile?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is known for their theory of social contract in the 1700s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Thomas Hobbes write between 1511-1512?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: After what year did Jean-Jacques Rousseau die?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did di Medici do for the West?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who expelled Hobbes from Florence?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group did Thomas Hobbes support more than the other?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider that Mary, like Joseph, to whom she was betrothed, was of the House of David and so of the Tribe of Judah, and that the genealogy of Jesus presented in Luke 3 from Nathan, third son of David and Bathsheba, is in fact the genealogy of Mary,[need quotation to verify] while the genealogy from Solomon given in Matthew 1 is that of Joseph. (Aaron's wife Elisheba was of the tribe of Judah, so all their descendants are from both Levi and Judah.)[Num.1:7 & Ex.6:23]
Question: What was Zechariah's occupation?
Answer: priest
Question: Which tribe did Elizabeth belong to?
Answer: Levi
Question: Who was Aaron's wife?
Answer: Elisheba
Question: Which tribe did Elisheba belong to?
Answer: Judah
Question: Who was the third son of David and Bathsheba?
Answer: Nathan
Question: What tribe did Luke belong to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was Mary's sister?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What priestly division did Luke belong to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was Zechariah's sister in law?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What tribe did Matthew belong to?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In certain cases compound words and set phrases may be contracted into single characters. Some of these can be considered logograms, where characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes, though these are generally instead considered ligatures or abbreviations (similar to scribal abbreviations, such as & for "et"), and as non-standard. These do see use, particularly in handwriting or decoration, but also in some cases in print. In Chinese, these ligatures are called héwén (合文), héshū (合書) or hétǐzì (合体字), and in the special case of combining two characters, these are known as "two-syllable Chinese characters" (双音节汉字, 雙音節漢字).
Question: What may be contracted into single characters?
Answer: compound words and set phrases
Question: What can be considered as set phrases?
Answer: single characters
Question: What are logograms?
Answer: characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes |
Context: The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190.
Question: When did the Chalukya Empire rule?
Answer: 6th and the 12th centuries
Question: What portion of India did the Chalukya Empire rule?
Answer: southern and central
Question: What style of architecture developed during the Chaluka reigns?
Answer: Chalukyan architecture
Question: When did the Chalukyans rule from Badami?
Answer: 550 and 750
Question: When was the second reign of Chalukyans?
Answer: 970 and 1190 |
Context: The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a US Treasury, a collective guarantee of the member states' solvency would be necessary.[b] But the German government has resisted this proposal, and other analyses indicate that "the sickness of the euro" is due to the linkage between sovereign debt and failing national banking systems. If the European central bank were to deal directly with failing banking systems sovereign debt would not look as leveraged relative to national income in the financially weaker member states.
Question: What is being caused by links between soverign debt and failing national banks?
Answer: the sickness of the euro
Question: Which country has been resistant to attempts to make the soverign debt assets more like the U.S. Treasury?
Answer: the German government
Question: Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts?
Answer: The European Central Bank
Question: What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets more like what is found in the U.S. Treasury?
Answer: a collective guarantee of the member states' solvency
Question: Why did propsals about making the European sovereign debt assets more like the US Treasury?
Answer: the crisis of 2010
Question: What is being avoided by links between sovereign debt and failing national banks?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which country has supported attempts to make the sovereign debt assets more like the U.S. Treasury?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who began to decrease their coverage of weaker debts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets less like what is found in the U.S. Treasury?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources: various makers of "home recordings" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral-cut transcriptions, and vertical-cut transcriptions. Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB). The NAB, among other items, issued recording standards in 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. A number of 78 rpm record producers as well as early LP makers also cut their records to the NAB/NARTB lateral standard.
Question: Who made the move to standardize recordings?
Answer: National Association of Broadcasters
Question: When were recording standards officially released?
Answer: 1949
Question: Which recording types were effected by the imposed industry standards?
Answer: laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions.
Question: What was one issue of a lack of industry standards?
Answer: Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording
Question: What is the NAB?
Answer: National Association of Broadcasters |
Context: The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon. The removal of wolves had a direct effect on beaver populations, as their habitat became territory for grazing. Furthermore, predation keeps hydrological features such as creeks and streams in normal working order. Increased browsing on willows and conifers along Blacktail Creek due to a lack of predation caused channel incision because they helped slow the water down and hold the soil in place.
Question: What animal's food sources were greatly affected with the loss of wolves in Yellowstone National Park?
Answer: beavers
Question: Broader ecological impacts can occur when an apex predator is removed, in the case of Yellowstone, this includes alteration to the?
Answer: hydrological features
Question: Loose soil from lack of trees along the river bed resulted in?
Answer: channel incision
Question: The removal of what animal from Yellowstonw National Park affected beaver populations?
Answer: wolves
Question: How did the removal of wolves from Yellowstone affect beaver habitats?
Answer: habitat became territory for grazing.
Question: Why were plant populations affected after wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone?
Answer: Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species
Question: How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well?
Answer: wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon
Question: What changes happened when herbivores were eliminated in Yellowstone?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did beavers keep animals from grazing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What animals were protected when herbivores were in Yellowstone?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group was directly affected when herbivores were removed from the park?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What natural features work better when herbivores are present?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The physicist Abdus Salam, in his Nobel Prize banquet address, quoted a well known verse from the Quran (67:3-4) and then stated: "This in effect is the faith of all physicists: the deeper we seek, the more is our wonder excited, the more is the dazzlement of our gaze". One of Salam's core beliefs was that there is no contradiction between Islam and the discoveries that science allows humanity to make about nature and the universe. Salam also held the opinion that the Quran and the Islamic spirit of study and rational reflection was the source of extraordinary civilizational development. Salam highlights, in particular, the work of Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Biruni as the pioneers of empiricism who introduced the experimental approach, breaking way from Aristotle's influence, and thus giving birth to modern science. Salam was also careful to differentiate between metaphysics and physics, and advised against empirically probing certain matters on which "physics is silent and will remain so," such as the doctrine of "creation from nothing" which in Salam's view is outside the limits of science and thus "gives way" to religious considerations.
Question: Which physicist quoted the Quran in his address after receiving the Nobel Prize?
Answer: Abdus Salam
Question: Which verse from the Quran did Abdus Salam quote at his Nobel banquet?
Answer: 67:3-4
Question: Which two Muslim scientists did Salam celebrate as inventors of empirical methods?
Answer: Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Biruni
Question: Salam suggests physics and science be kept separate from which topics which are more suited to religion?
Answer: metaphysics
Question: Which biologist quoted the Quran in his address after receiving the Nobel Prize?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which verse from the Quran didn't Abdus Salam quote at his Nobel banquet?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which two Muslim scientists did Salam celebrate as inventors of unempirical methods?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Salam suggests physics and science be kept together from which topics which are more suited to religion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Salam suggests physics and science be kept separate from which topics which are less suited to religion?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The city is recognised for its mix of modern architecture which intersects with an extensive range of nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings. Some of the most architecturally noteworthy historic buildings include the World Heritage Site-listed Royal Exhibition Building, constructed over a two-year period for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, A.C. Goode House, a Neo Gothic building located on Collins Street designed by Wright, Reed & Beaver (1891), William Pitt's Venetian Gothic style Old Stock Exchange (1888), William Wardell's Gothic Bank (1883) which features some of Melbourne's finest interiors, the incomplete Parliament House, St Paul's Cathedral (1891) and Flinders Street Station (1909), which was the busiest commuter railway station in the world in the mid-1920s.
Question: Which railway station was the busiest in the world in the mid-1920s?
Answer: Flinders Street Station
Question: In what year was construction on the Flinders Street Station completed?
Answer: 1909
Question: On which street is the A.C. Goode House located?
Answer: Collins Street
Question: Who designed the A.C. Goode House?
Answer: Wright, Reed & Beaver
Question: What style of architecture is the A.C. Goode House?
Answer: Neo Gothic |
Context: The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, has revived this convention.
Question: When was the phrase Iranian language family first used?
Answer: 1836
Question: Who first used the term Iranian language?
Answer: Christian Lassen
Question: Who first used the term Irano-Aryan?
Answer: Robert Needham Cust
Question: When was the phrase Irano-Aryan first used?
Answer: 1878
Question: When did Robert Needham Cust introduced the term Iranian?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What term did Christian Lassen using 1878?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did George Abraham Grierson and Christian Lassen contrast?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What scholars have revived the term Irano-Aryan
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The average temperature is 61.4 °F (16.3 °C), with the monthly daily average ranging from 39.2 °F (4.0 °C) in January to 83.0 °F (28.3 °C) in July. Extremes range from −17 °F (−27 °C) on February 12, 1899 to 113 °F (45 °C) on August 11, 1936 and August 3, 2012; the last sub-zero (°F) reading was −5 °F (−21 °C) on February 10, 2011. Temperatures reach 100 °F (38 °C) on 10.4 days of the year, 90 °F (32 °C) on nearly 70 days, and fail to rise above freezing on 8.3 days. The city receives about 35.9 inches (91.2 cm) of precipitation annually, of which 8.6 inches (21.8 cm) is snow.
Question: How much precipitation on average falls within the city?
Answer: 35.9 inches
Question: Out of the precipitation that falls, how much of it is snow?
Answer: 8.6 inches |
Context: Another approach to brain function is to examine the consequences of damage to specific brain areas. Even though it is protected by the skull and meninges, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the delicate nature of the brain makes it vulnerable to numerous diseases and several types of damage. In humans, the effects of strokes and other types of brain damage have been a key source of information about brain function. Because there is no ability to experimentally control the nature of the damage, however, this information is often difficult to interpret. In animal studies, most commonly involving rats, it is possible to use electrodes or locally injected chemicals to produce precise patterns of damage and then examine the consequences for behavior.
Question: The brain is surrounded by what type of fluid?
Answer: cerebrospinal fluid
Question: The brain is separated from the bloodstream by what feature?
Answer: the blood–brain barrier
Question: The two main structures that protect the brain are what?
Answer: the skull and meninges
Question: What type of disease if often studied to understand damage to the brain?
Answer: strokes
Question: What type of animal is most commonly used to study brain damage?
Answer: rats |
Context: There have been instances where a country's government bans a movie, resulting in the spread of copied videos and DVDs. Romanian-born documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu wrote a New York Times article telling the story of Irina Margareta Nistor, a narrator for state TV under Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime. A visitor from the west gave her bootlegged copies of American movies, which she dubbed for secret viewings through Romania. According to the article, she dubbed more than 3,000 movies and became the country's second-most famous voice after Ceauşescu, even though no one knew her name until many years later.
Question: What happens when a country bans a movie?
Answer: the spread of copied videos and DVDs
Question: Who did documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu write an article for?
Answer: New York Times
Question: What was Irina Margareta Nistor's job in Romania?
Answer: a narrator for state TV
Question: What did a visitor give to Nistor?
Answer: bootlegged copies of American movies
Question: How many movies did Nistor dub for secret viewings in Romania?
Answer: 3,000
Question: What happens when a country accepts a movie?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu draw a picture for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Irina Margareta Nistor's job in Bulgaria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many movies did Nistor dub for public viewings in Romania?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did a visitor take from Nistor?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Many of the world's largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc. The latter has headquarters in Southampton, with its brands including Princess Cruises, P&O Cruises and Cunard Line.
Question: What cruise line has its headquarters in Southampton?
Answer: Carnival Corporation & plc
Question: Besides Carnival, what other major cruise line parks its record-breaking cruise ships in Southampton Water?
Answer: Royal Caribbean
Question: In addition to P&O Cruises and Cunard Line, what other brand does Carnival Corporation own?
Answer: Princess Cruises |
Context: UN aerial reconnaissance had difficulty sighting PVA units in daytime, because their march and bivouac discipline minimized aerial detection. The PVA marched "dark-to-dark" (19:00–03:00), and aerial camouflage (concealing soldiers, pack animals, and equipment) was deployed by 05:30. Meanwhile, daylight advance parties scouted for the next bivouac site. During daylight activity or marching, soldiers were to remain motionless if an aircraft appeared, until it flew away; PVA officers were under order to shoot security violators. Such battlefield discipline allowed a three-division army to march the 286 miles (460 km) from An-tung, Manchuria, to the combat zone in some 19 days. Another division night-marched a circuitous mountain route, averaging 18 miles (29 km) daily for 18 days.
Question: What made seeing the PVA units difficult during the day?
Answer: their march and bivouac discipline
Question: What were PVA troops told to do when planes flew by?
Answer: remain motionless
Question: How many days did it take PVA forces to march 286 miles?
Answer: 19
Question: What were PVA officers supposed to do if troops disobeyed the security protocol?
Answer: shoot security violators
Question: When would PVA forces march to minimize the chances of being seen?
Answer: 19:00–03:00 |
Context: The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them, and hence that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims. However, Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book. In this way, Principia Mathematica's legacy might be described as its key role in disproving the possibility of achieving its own stated goals. But beyond this somewhat ironic legacy, the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics.
Question: When was Kurt Godel's incompleteness theorem?
Answer: 1931
Question: What did Kurt Godel's theorem demonstrate about axioms and the inference rules?
Answer: some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them
Question: Godel couldn't have come to his conclusion without what book?
Answer: Principia Mathematica
Question: Besides logic and epistemology, what else did Principia Mathematica connect?
Answer: metaphysics
Question: What is the general consensus of the axioms and inference rules declared in Principia Mathematica?
Answer: mixed
Question: Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1931?
Answer: Kurt Gödel
Question: What did the incompleteness theorem of 1931 indicate regarding Principia Mathematica?
Answer: for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be deduced
Question: Why was Gödels finding ironic?
Answer: Gödel could not have come to this conclusion without Whitehead and Russell's book
Question: Despite its imperfection, what are now considered valuable achievements of Principia Mathematica?
Answer: the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics
Question: What is the general consensus of the axioms and inference rules not declared in Principia Mathematica?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who discovered the incompleteness theorem of 1961?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the incompleteness theorem of 1955 indicate regarding Principia Mathematica?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 2008, extreme waves and high tides caused widespread flooding in the capital city of Majuro and other urban centres, 3 feet (0.91 m) above sea level. On Christmas morning in 2008, the government declared a state of emergency. In 2013, heavy waves once again breached the city walls of Majuro.
Question: What is the capital of the Marshall Islands?
Answer: Majuro
Question: On what day in 2008 did the Marshall Island government declare a state of emergency?
Answer: Christmas
Question: In meters, how high were the 2008 floods?
Answer: 0.91
Question: What caused the 2008 floods?
Answer: extreme waves and high tides
Question: In what year did waves overcome the walls of the capital city?
Answer: 2013 |
Context: The majority of insects hatch from eggs. The fertilization and development takes place inside the egg, enclosed by a shell (chorion) that consists of maternal tissue. In contrast to eggs of other arthropods, most insect eggs are drought resistant. This is because inside the chorion two additional membranes develop from embryonic tissue, the amnion and the serosa. This serosa secretes a cuticle rich in chitin that protects the embryo against desiccation. In Schizophora however the serosa does not develop, but these flies lay their eggs in damp places, such as rotting matter. Some species of insects, like the cockroach Blaptica dubia, as well as juvenile aphids and tsetse flies, are ovoviviparous. The eggs of ovoviviparous animals develop entirely inside the female, and then hatch immediately upon being laid. Some other species, such as those in the genus of cockroaches known as Diploptera, are viviparous, and thus gestate inside the mother and are born alive.:129, 131, 134–135 Some insects, like parasitic wasps, show polyembryony, where a single fertilized egg divides into many and in some cases thousands of separate embryos.:136–137 Insects may be univoltine, bivoltine or multivoltine, i.e. they may have one, two or many broods (generations) in a year.
Question: Where are insects hatched from?
Answer: eggs.
Question: Fertilization happens where?
Answer: inside the egg
Question: Fertilization and what else happens inside the egg?
Answer: development
Question: Chorion is another word for what?
Answer: shell
Question: Broods is another term for what word?
Answer: generations |
Context: The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Chesapeake Energy Arena, for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, a franchise owned by the Professional Basketball Club LLC, a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at the Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.
Question: Which NBA team temporarily relocated to Oklahoma?
Answer: New Orleans Hornets
Question: Where did the temporary NBA team play in Oklahoma?
Answer: Oklahoma City's Ford Center
Question: What caused the temporary NBA team to relocate to Oklahoma?
Answer: Hurricane Katrina
Question: What was the Thunder's previous name?
Answer: Seattle SuperSonics
Question: Who owns the Thunder?
Answer: Professional Basketball Club LLC |
Context: The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential proclamations and executive orders, and federal regulations. The NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress.
Question: NARA is responsible for what collection of archives?
Answer: National Archives
Question: What independent agency preserves the original copy of executive orders?
Answer: National Archives and Records Administration
Question: What is Congress responsible for preserving?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of agency is The Electoral College?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What types of documents does Congress preserve?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Congress usually do when they deliberate a bill?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is the public not legally allowed to vote?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads.
Question: Which soda company has Beyonce partnered with since 2002?
Answer: Pepsi
Question: Pepsi paid Beyonce how much in 2012 for her endorsement?
Answer: 50 million
Question: Which organization wrote a letter to Beyonce after her Pepsi endorsement deal?
Answer: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)
Question: What percentage of people were positive about Beyonce's endorsement of Pepsi?
Answer: 70
Question: When did Beyonce begin doing Pepsi advetisments?
Answer: 2002
Question: Who was in the commercial with Beyonce in 2004?
Answer: Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias
Question: What did she agree to do for 50 million dollars in 2012?
Answer: endorse Pepsi
Question: Who sent her a letter asking that she reconsider the Pepsi deal?
Answer: Center for Science in the Public Interest
Question: What soft drink company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002?
Answer: Pepsi
Question: How much did Beyoncé get for a deal with a soft drink company in 2012?
Answer: $50 million
Question: Who asked her to change her mind about the soft drink deal due to the nature of the product?
Answer: The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)
Question: What organization discovered that the advertisements Beyoncé did for the soft drink company were 70% positive?
Answer: NetBase |
Context: In 2004, madaris were mainstreamed in 16 Regions nationwide, primarily in Muslim-majority areas in Mindanao under the auspices of the Department of Education (DepEd). The DepEd adopted Department Order No. 51, which instituted Arabic-language and Islamic Values instruction for Muslim children in state schools, and authorised implementation of the Standard Madrasa Curriculum (SMC) in private-run madaris. While there are state-recognised Islamic schools, such as Ibn Siena Integrated School in the Islamic City of Marawi, Sarang Bangun LC in Zamboanga and SMIE in Jolo, their Islamic studies programmes initially varied in application and content.
Question: How many regions in Singapore have widely accepted madaris?
Answer: 16
Question: What law protects the teaching of Arabic and Islamic traditions in Mindanao?
Answer: Department Order No. 51
Question: What religion do most people practice in Mindanao?
Answer: Muslim
Question: What curriculum is used in non public madaris in Mindanao?
Answer: Standard Madrasa Curriculum (SMC)
Question: When did madaris become more accepted in Mindanao?
Answer: 2004
Question: How many regions outside of Singapore have widely accepted madaris?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What law does not protect the teaching of Arabic and Islamic traditions in Mindanao?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What religion does nobody practice in Mindanao?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What curriculum is used in public madaris in Mindanao?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did madaris become less accepted in Mindanao?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orbit and 3 in inclined geosynchronous orbit), that will offer complete coverage of the globe.
Question: What was the BeiDou-2 system previously known as?
Answer: COMPASS
Question: How may satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 35
Question: How many geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 5
Question: How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?
Answer: 30
Question: What is the purpose of the geostationary orbit satellites in the BeiDou-2 system?
Answer: for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1
Question: What was BeiDou-3 formerly known as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: MAPS is the former name of which satellite?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which system will consist of 40 satellites?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The old system will consist of how many non-geostationary satellites satellites?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Under Ptolemy II, Callimachus, Apollonius of Rhodes, Theocritus and a host of other poets made the city a center of Hellenistic literature. Ptolemy himself was eager to patronise the library, scientific research and individual scholars who lived on the grounds of the library. He and his successors also fought a series of wars with the Seleucids, known as the Syrian wars, over the region of Coele-Syria. Ptolemy IV won the great battle of Raphia (217 BCE) against the Seleucids, using native Egyptians trained as phalangites. However these Egyptian soldiers revolted, eventually setting up a native breakaway Egyptian state in the Thebaid between 205-186/5 BCE, severely weakening the Ptolemaic state.
Question: The Syrian was were fought between Ptolemy II and whom?
Answer: the Seleucids
Question: What region was fought for during the Syrian wars?
Answer: Coele-Syria
Question: Who won the great battle of Raphia?
Answer: Ptolemy IV
Question: When was the great battle of Raphia?
Answer: 217 BCE
Question: Who did Ptolemy IV defeat in the great battle of Raphia?
Answer: Seleucids |
Context: Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382. Instead, he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, who was 11 years old. The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim, and the result was an internal war. Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád. Both palaces were rebuilt and improved, and were considered the richest of the time in Europe. Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century.
Question: In what year did Louis die?
Answer: 1382
Question: Who did Louis name as his heir?
Answer: Sigismund of Luxemburg
Question: How old was Sigismund of Luxemburg when he was named heir?
Answer: 11
Question: Upon taking the throne of Hungary where did Sigismund establish his court?
Answer: Buda and Visegrád
Question: What was the result of the Hungarian nobility's refusal to accept Sigismund claim as Louis' heir?
Answer: internal war
Question: In what year did Louis live?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who didn't Louis name as his heir?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How old was Sigismund of Luxemburg when he wasn't named heir?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Upon taking the throne of Hungary where didn't Sigismund establish his court?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the result of the Hungarian nobility's honor to accept Sigismund claim as Louis' heir?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile. Other naturally occurring isotopes are fissionable, but not fissile. On bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons. If too many of these neutrons are absorbed by other uranium-235 nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs that results in a burst of heat or (in special circumstances) an explosion. In a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction is slowed and controlled by a neutron poison, absorbing some of the free neutrons. Such neutron absorbent materials are often part of reactor control rods (see nuclear reactor physics for a description of this process of reactor control).
Question: What isotope of uranium was the first to be found fissile?
Answer: 235
Question: How many nuclei does uranium-235 usually divide into when bombarded with slow neutrons?
Answer: two
Question: When a nuclear chain reaction in uranium-235 doesn't result in a burst of heat, what does it result in?
Answer: an explosion
Question: What is used to slow a chain reaction in a nuclear reactor?
Answer: neutron poison
Question: What does a neutron poison absorb?
Answer: free neutrons
Question: What isotope of uranium was the last to be found fissile?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many nuclei does uranium-245 usually divide into when bombarded with slow neutrons?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When a nuclear chain reaction in uranium-245 doesn't result in a burst of heat, what does it result in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is used to speed a chain reaction in a nuclear reactor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does a neutron poison give off?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of the various divided Protestant denominations, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions, as there is no overarching authority to which any of the churches owe allegiance, which can authoritatively define the faith. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.
Question: What type of movements have tried to unite Protestant denominations?
Answer: Various ecumenical
Question: Which is larger, divisions or unions of Protestantism?
Answer: divisions
Question: What beliefs do most denominations agree on?
Answer: common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith
Question: What types of doctrines do denominations not agree on?
Answer: secondary
Question: What type of belief defines what is a major or minor doctrine?
Answer: idiosyncratic |
Context: The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust (trust). The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty," and its trustees are Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals"—it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett.
Question: What two entities was the foundation divided into
Answer: trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (foundation) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust
Question: What does the foundation entity focus on
Answer: The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty
Question: What does the Trust entity focus on
Answer: The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals
Question: What is held in the trust entity
Answer: it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett
Question: What two sections was the trust divided into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the trust based in Seattle have as its focus?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the trust do with Warren Buffett's assets?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Warren Buffett divide the foundation into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How does the foundation manage investment assets and achieve charitable goals?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District.) After the war, population grew and doubled by the start of the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from southern Europe, particularly Italy. Today, roughly half the populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are Italian-American. Jewish immigration to New Haven has left an enduring mark on the city. Westville was the center of Jewish life in New Haven, though today many have fanned out to suburban communities such as Woodbridge and Cheshire.
Question: What major war stimulated the New Haven economy by way of industrial goods purchased through the New Haven Arms Company?
Answer: American Civil War
Question: What was the New Haven Arms Company later renamed?
Answer: Winchester Repeating Arms Company
Question: The increase in immigrants from what country in southern Europe had a notable impact on the population growth in New Haven in the early 20th century?
Answer: Italy
Question: What ethnic group currently comprises approximately half the population of East Haven, West Haven and North Haven?
Answer: Italian-American
Question: What area of New Haven was known for being the center of the Jewish community?
Answer: Westville
Question: What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven?
Answer: New Haven Arms Company
Question: In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity?
Answer: Italian-American
Question: The Civil War had many effects after the war, what was the main effect for New Haven?
Answer: population grew and doubled |
Context: The Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique, new in the 2006 version of the standard, allows the manufacturer to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily. The choices are based solely on the manufacturer’s opinion of what EI values produce well-exposed sRGB images at the various sensor sensitivity settings. This is the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space. This is also the only technique available under the standard when multi-zone metering (also called pattern metering) is used.
Question: What option does the Recommended Exposure Index give manufacturers?
Answer: to specify a camera model’s EI choices arbitrarily
Question: What is another name for multi-zone metering?
Answer: pattern metering
Question: What distinction does the Recommended Exposure Index have?
Answer: the only technique available under the standard for output formats that are not in the sRGB color space
Question: When was the Recommended Exposure Index introduced?
Answer: 2006
Question: What is the only technique that can be used when multi-zone metering is used?
Answer: Recommended Exposure Index (REI) technique
Question: What standardized EI choices?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was multi-zone metering introduced?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: REI and what are the only techniques available under standard outputs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was retracted in the 2006 standards?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who created the 2006 standard?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and limbs) and gustatory communication (scents, pheromones and taste). Humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals and body posture.
Question: What is gustatory communication include in dogs?
Answer: scents, pheromones and taste
Question: People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else?
Answer: hand signals
Question: Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what?
Answer: Dog communication
Question: In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs?
Answer: hand signals |
Context: Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and formally established the CIS. They also "accepted" Gorbachev's resignation. While Gorbachev hadn't made any formal plans to leave the scene yet, he did tell CBS News that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was indeed a reality.
Question: Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol?
Answer: Georgia
Question: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol?
Answer: 11
Question: What did the Protocol establish?
Answer: CIS
Question: What was dissolved by the Protocol?
Answer: Union
Question: Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans?
Answer: CBS |
Context: In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated.
Question: Who had to agree to send reinforcements for Stalin to give permission for the invasion of Korea?
Answer: Mao
Question: Who did the Soviets not want to engage in conflict?
Answer: the Americans
Question: What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion?
Answer: the Americans would intervene
Question: Who needed Soviet financial and military aid?
Answer: China
Question: What did Mao's assistance allow North Korea to accelerate?
Answer: preparations for war |