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Context: All modern birds lie within the crown group Aves (alternately Neornithes), which has two subdivisions: the Palaeognathae, which includes the flightless ratites (such as the ostriches) and the weak-flying tinamous, and the extremely diverse Neognathae, containing all other birds. These two subdivisions are often given the rank of superorder, although Livezey and Zusi assigned them "cohort" rank. Depending on the taxonomic viewpoint, the number of known living bird species varies anywhere from 9,800 to 10,050.
Question: All modern birds lie within which crown group?
Answer: Aves
Question: What is another name for Aves?
Answer: Neornithes
Question: The two subdivisions of what group include Palaeognathae and Neognathae?
Answer: Aves
Question: What is the number range of living bird species?
Answer: 9,800 to 10,050 |
Context: Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in the city. The Houston Ship Channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these strengths, Houston is designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network and global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney. The Houston area is the top U.S. market for exports, surpassing New York City in 2013, according to data released by the U.S. Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration. In 2012, the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land area recorded $110.3 billion in merchandise exports. Petroleum products, chemicals, and oil and gas extraction equipment accounted for approximately two-thirds of the metropolitan area's exports last year. The Top 3 destinations for exports were Mexico, Canada, and Brazil.
Question: Besides oil and gas, what is Houston known for?
Answer: biomedical research and aeronautics
Question: What other industry is a large part of Houston's economy?
Answer: Houston Ship Channel
Question: What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Houston?
Answer: global city
Question: In what did Houston pass New York City in 2013?
Answer: market for exports
Question: How much in dollars did the Houston area export in 2012?
Answer: $110.3 billion
Question: Besides oil and gas, what is Texas known for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other industry is a large part of Texas economy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What designation does the Globalization and World Cities Study Group give Texas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what did Houston pass New York City in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much in dollars did the Texas area export in 2012?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged. Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code, these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns. Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, MoveOn.org, the Media Fund, and America Coming Together. Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season. (There was some similar activity, although on a much lesser scale, during the 2000 campaign.)
Question: What finance act affected the 2004 election?
Answer: the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
Question: Where did the moniker McCain-Feingold Bill come from?
Answer: its sponsors in the United States Senate
Question: How did the 527 groups come up with their title?
Answer: Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code
Question: What stipulation enabled the 527 groups to campaign for funds?
Answer: as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns
Question: What is one of the named 527 groups from the 2004 election?
Answer: MoveOn.org
Question: What act was passed during the 2000 campaign?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What reforms took place during the 2000 campaign?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many campaign finance groups were there in 2000?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did McCain run for President of the US?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group supported McCain in the 2000 election?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, Games Radar, GameSpy, Spacey Awards, X-Play and Nintendo Power. It was also given awards for Best Adventure Game from the Game Critics Awards, X-Play, IGN, GameTrailers, 1UP.com, and Nintendo Power. The game was considered the Best Console Game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy. The game placed 16th in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time. IGN ranked the game as the 4th-best Wii game. Nintendo Power ranked the game as the third-best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade.
Question: The version of Twilight Princess fo which console won three IGN awards?
Answer: GameCube
Question: What was Twilight Princess's rank among all Nintendo games according to Nintendo Magazine?
Answer: 16th
Question: Where did Twilight Princess place among Wii titles according to IGN?
Answer: 4th
Question: Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?
Answer: third
Question: What 2 critics gave Twilight Princess awards for Best Graphics and Best Story?
Answer: IGN and Nintendo Power
Question: What award did Game Critics Awards and GameSpy give Twilight Princess?
Answer: Best Console Game
Question: What place did the game take in Nintendo's Official list of 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time?
Answer: 16th
Question: What place did IGN give the game on the Wii console?
Answer: 4th
Question: What was Game Radar's rank among all Nintendo games according to Nintendo Magazine?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Twilight Princess place among Nintendo Power titles according to IGN?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Twilight Princess rank on Game Radar's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What 2 critics gave Game Radar awards for Best Graphics and Best Story?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What award did Game Radars Awards and GameSpy give Twilight Princess?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Although the Arenafootball2 league played its tenth season in 2009, a conference call in December 2008 resulted in enough votes from owners and cooperation from the AFLPA for the AFL to suspend the entire 2009 season in order to create "a long-term plan to improve its economic model". In doing so, the AFL became the second sports league to cancel an entire season, after the National Hockey League cancelled the 2004-05 season because of a lockout. The AFL also became the third sports league to lose its postseason (the first being Major League Baseball, which lost its postseason in 1994 because of a strike). Efforts to reformat the league's business model were placed under the leadership of Columbus Destroyers owner Jim Renacci and interim commissioner Policy.
Question: What numbered season did Arenafootball2 in 2009?
Answer: tenth
Question: In what month and year was it decided to suspend the 2009 Arena Football League season?
Answer: December 2008
Question: What National Hockey League season was cancelled?
Answer: 2004-05
Question: What led the National Hockey League to cancel the 2004-2005 season?
Answer: a lockout
Question: Who owned the Columbus Destroyers in 2008?
Answer: Jim Renacci |
Context: The US Congress was urged to create the exemption by proponents of a conservation plan on San Bruno Mountain, California that was drafted in the early 1980s and is the first HCP in the nation. In the conference report on the 1982 amendments, Congress specified that it intended the San Bruno plan to act "as a model" for future conservation plans developed under the incidental take exemption provision and that "the adequacy of similar conservation plans should be measured against the San Bruno plan". Congress further noted that the San Bruno plan was based on "an independent exhaustive biological study" and protected at least 87% of the habitat of the listed butterflies that led to the development of the HCP.
Question: What location held the first HCP?
Answer: San Bruno Mountain, California
Question: What percentage of the critical habitat was protected for the area that received the first HCP?
Answer: 87%
Question: What type of animal was being protected in the area that received the first HCP?
Answer: butterflies
Question: Who did the US Congress ask to create an exemption?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the last permit given out?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the San Bruno plan compared to during its creation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many of the listed butterfly habitats were in San Bruno?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who ran the biological study for the San Bruno plan?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is similar to Protestantism, although centered on human needs, interests, and abilities rather than the supernatural. In the Anglophone world, such modern, organized forms of humanism, which are rooted in the 18th-century Enlightenment, have to a considerable extent more or less detached themselves from the historic connection of humanism with classical learning and the liberal arts.
Question: At the time of the French Revolution what previous focus of humanism was removed?
Answer: supernatural
Question: Protestantism differs from Humanism in its focus is on what?
Answer: supernatural
Question: What do current tenants humanism have their origins in?
Answer: 18th-century Enlightenment
Question: What was a name for humanism believers who emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Answer: Religious Humanism
Question: What previous focus of humanism was required at the time of the French Revolution?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What makes Protestantism the exact same as Humanism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do current tenants of humanism avoid?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was a name for humanism believers who emerged in the late 12th and early 13th centuries?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for something. I wasn't rebellious in a certain way. I cared about being good at something. I didn't shave my underarms and I didn't wear make-up like normal girls do. But I studied and I got good grades.... I wanted to be somebody." Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.
Question: Who did Madonna turn to for comfort during her mother's illness?
Answer: paternal grandmother
Question: How did the Ciccone siblings behaved towards anyone brought to their home to replace their beloved mother?
Answer: rebelled
Question: Who did Madonna tell in an interview that as a young girl, she was lonely and always searching for something?
Answer: Vanity Fair
Question: Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do?
Answer: unable to sleep unless she was near him |
Context: Comic strips are generally short, multipanel comics that traditionally most commonly appeared in newspapers. In the US, daily strips have normally occupied a single tier, while Sunday strips have been given multiple tiers. In the early 20th century, daily strips were typically in black-and-white and Sundays were usually in colour and often occupied a full page.
Question: Where do comics usually appear?
Answer: newspapers
Question: Where do comics never appear?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country do weekly strips have normally occupied a single tier?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country do daily strips have abnormally occupied a single tier?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country do daily strips have normally occupied a double tier?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: while Saturday strips have been given how many tiers?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.
Question: What Houston medical school ranks in the top ten U.S. medical schools?
Answer: Baylor College of Medicine
Question: How does MD Anderson Cancer Center rank in US hospitals dealing with cancer care?
Answer: one of the top two
Question: What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic offer?
Answer: psychiatric
Question: What is the third largest acute care center in the U.S.?
Answer: Triumph Healthcare
Question: Where is the Triumph Healthcare hospital headquartered?
Answer: Houston
Question: What Houston medical school ranks in the top ten UK medical schools?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How does MD Anderson Cancer Center rank in UK hospitals dealing with cancer care?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of treatments does the Menninger Clinic never offer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the fourth largest acute care center in the U.S.?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: For months each side had been building forward rifle pits and defensive positions, which resulted in many skirmishes. Artillery fire aiming to gain superiority over the enemy guns.:450–462 September saw the final assault. On 5 September, another French bombardment (the sixth) was followed by an assault by the French Army on 8 September resulting in the capture of the Malakoff by the French, and following their failure to retake it, the collapse of the Russian defences. Meanwhile, the British captured the Great Redan, just south of the city of Sevastopol. The Russians retreated to the north, blowing up their magazines and the city fell on 9 September 1855 after a 337-day-long siege.:106
Question: What was being built that caused unpremeditated fighting on each side?
Answer: forward rifle pits and defensive positions
Question: What month did the capture of Malakoff take place?
Answer: September
Question: Who captured Malakoff?
Answer: the French
Question: Who failed to take back Malakoff?
Answer: the Russian defences
Question: Who took control of the Great Redan?
Answer: the British |
Context: The most extreme forms of Cubism were not those practiced by Picasso and Braque, who resisted total abstraction. Other Cubists, by contrast, especially František Kupka, and those considered Orphists by Apollinaire (Delaunay, Léger, Picabia and Duchamp), accepted abstraction by removing visible subject matter entirely. Kupka’s two entries at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude, were highly abstract (or nonrepresentational) and metaphysical in orientation. Both Duchamp in 1912 and Picabia from 1912 to 1914 developed an expressive and allusive abstraction dedicated to complex emotional and sexual themes. Beginning in 1912 Delaunay painted a series of paintings entitled Simultaneous Windows, followed by a series entitled Formes Circulaires, in which he combined planar structures with bright prismatic hues; based on the optical characteristics of juxtaposed colors his departure from reality in the depiction of imagery was quasi-complete. In 1913–14 Léger produced a series entitled Contrasts of Forms, giving a similar stress to color, line and form. His Cubism, despite its abstract qualities, was associated with themes of mechanization and modern life. Apollinaire supported these early developments of abstract Cubism in Les Peintres cubistes (1913), writing of a new "pure" painting in which the subject was vacated. But in spite of his use of the term Orphism these works were so different that they defy attempts to place them in a single category.
Question: What were Kupka's two entries at the Salon d'Automne?
Answer: Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude
Question: What were the titles of Delaunay's paintings in 1912?
Answer: Simultaneous Windows,
Question: During what years did Leger produce Contrasts of Forms?
Answer: 1913–14
Question: What were Kupka's three entries at the Salon d'Automne?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the titles of Delaunay's paintings in 1914?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During what years did Leger not produce Contrasts of Forms?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who produced the series called Non-contrast of Forms?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of British Columbia. Precipitation is frequent and often heavy, falling year round. On average, summer is the driest season, with only occasional thunderstorm activity, and the wettest months are from October to January, with December the wettest single month, with nearly 165 millimetres of precipitation on average. This winter precipitation maximum is quite unusual for humid continental climates, which most commonly have a late spring or early summer precipitation maximum (for example, most of the Midwestern U.S.). Most heavy precipitation events in St. John's are the product of intense mid-latitude storms migrating from the Northeastern U.S. and New England states, and these are most common and intense from October to March, bringing heavy precipitation (commonly 4 to 8 centimetres of rainfall equivalent in a single storm), and strong winds. In winter, two or more types of precipitation (rain, freezing rain, sleet and snow) can fall from passage of a single storm. Snowfall is heavy, averaging nearly 335 centimetres per winter season. However, winter storms can bring changing precipitation types. Heavy snow can transition to heavy rain, melting the snow cover, and possibly back to snow or ice (perhaps briefly) all in the same storm, resulting in little or no net snow accumulation. Snow cover in St. John's is variable, and especially early in the winter season, may be slow to develop, but can extend deeply into the spring months (March, April). The St. John's area is subject to freezing rain (called "silver thaws"), the worst of which paralyzed the city over a three-day period in April 1984.
Question: What is the foggiest Canadian city?
Answer: St. John's
Question: What is the average wind speed in miles per hour for St. John's?
Answer: 15.1 mph
Question: What Canadian city has the mildest winter temperature?
Answer: British Columbia
Question: What is the driest season on average in St. John's?
Answer: summer
Question: What is another word for freezing rain?
Answer: silver thaws
Question: What city is the cloudiest, foggiest, and windiest in North America?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What city has the mildest winter in Canada?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much rain does St. John's get in December?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What paralyzed the province in April 1984?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies.
Question: How many additional teams will help with the Mainland China route?
Answer: Two
Question: How many members are on each of these two teams?
Answer: 40 |
Context: Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses with widespread offices. The technology is also used for telecommuting, in which employees work from home. One research report based on a sampling of 1,800 corporate employees showed that, as of June 2010, 54% of the respondents with access to video conferencing used it “all of the time” or “frequently”.
Question: In what one way can videoconferencing help a person?
Answer: money savings
Question: What technology can be used along with videoconferencing?
Answer: VoIP
Question: What is another use of VoIP?
Answer: telecommuting
Question: What is telecommuting?
Answer: work from home
Question: What is the percentage of people who use videoconferencing a majority of the time?
Answer: 54%
Question: What can time savings help people do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are face-to-face business meetings also used for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did a report based on money savings show?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: As of June 2010 what percentage of telecommuters used the technology frequently?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are low-cost meetings also used for?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Shortly before his death, when he was already quite ill, von Neumann headed the United States government's top secret ICBM committee, and it would sometimes meet in his home. Its purpose was to decide on the feasibility of building an ICBM large enough to carry a thermonuclear weapon. Von Neumann had long argued that while the technical obstacles were sizable, they could be overcome in time. The SM-65 Atlas passed its first fully functional test in 1959, two years after his death. The feasibility of an ICBM owed as much to improved, smaller warheads as it did to developments in rocketry, and his understanding of the former made his advice invaluable.
Question: What was the purpose of top secret ICBM committee?
Answer: decide on the feasibility of building an ICBM large enough to carry a thermonuclear weapon
Question: What argument did von Neumann make about ICBMs?
Answer: while the technical obstacles were sizable, they could be overcome in time
Question: In what year did SM-65 Atlas pass its first fully functional test?
Answer: 1959 |
Context: Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own toxins. Predators that eat poisonous butterflies and moths may become sick and vomit violently, learning not to eat those types of species; this is actually the basis of Müllerian mimicry. A predator who has previously eaten a poisonous lepidopteran may avoid other species with similar markings in the future, thus saving many other species as well. Some ground beetles of the Carabidae family can spray chemicals from their abdomen with great accuracy, to repel predators.
Question: What kind of defense is found in the Coleoptera species?
Answer: Chemical
Question: What chemical defense is used by the Monarch butterfly?
Answer: bright colors
Question: Insects become toxic by doing what with the chemicals from plants?
Answer: sequestering
Question: Which insect manufactures it's own toxins?
Answer: Lepidoptera
Question: Some beetles can spray what from their abdomen?
Answer: chemicals |
Context: Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star Lionel Messi. There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticized coach Frank Rijkaard and Ronaldinho. Ronaldinho also admitted that a lack of fitness affected his form. In La Liga, Barcelona were in first place for much of the season, but inconsistency in the New Year saw Real Madrid overtake them to become champions. Barcelona advanced to the semi-finals of the Copa del Rey, winning the first leg against Getafe 5–2, with a goal from Messi bringing comparison to Diego Maradona's goal of the century, but then lost the second leg 4–0. They took part in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup, but were beaten by a late goal in the final against Brazilian side Internacional. In the Champions League, Barcelona were knocked out of the competition in the last 16 by eventual runners-up Liverpool on away goals.
Question: How did Barcelona finish the 2006-07 season?
Answer: without trophies
Question: What event was blamed for the injuries to Barcelona stars?
Answer: US tour
Question: What team beat Barcelona in La Liga in the 2006-07 season?
Answer: Real Madrid
Question: To whom was Messi's goal in the first leg of the Copa del Rey compared?
Answer: Diego Maradona
Question: What team pushed Barcelona out of the Champions League play?
Answer: Liverpool |
Context: In Hellenistic times, especially during the 3rd century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, Titan god of the sun, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with Selene, Titan goddess of the moon. In Latin texts, on the other hand, Joseph Fontenrose declared himself unable to find any conflation of Apollo with Sol among the Augustan poets of the 1st century, not even in the conjurations of Aeneas and Latinus in Aeneid XII (161–215). Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until the 3rd century CE.
Question: Who was the Titan goddess of the moon?
Answer: Selene
Question: In Hellenestic times, Greeks identified Apollo Helios as what name?
Answer: Helios
Question: What was the name of Apollo's sister?
Answer: Artemis |
Context: Some scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries, and dooms the third world economies to low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports. More children that work in poor countries, the fewer and worse-paid are the jobs for adults in these countries. In other words, there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour from children aged 18 years or less, everywhere in the world.
Question: What does child labour do for adults?
Answer: leads to poor labour standards
Question: What happens to the wages of adults?
Answer: depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries
Question: What are the implications for third world countries with regards to child labour?
Answer: low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports
Question: Does ending child labour have a global value?
Answer: there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour |
Context: On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free land to colonists to attract families to Detroit; when it reached a total population of 800 in 1765, it was the largest city between Montreal and New Orleans, both also French settlements. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400. By 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec.
Question: What was Detroit's population in 1773?
Answer: 1,400
Question: What was Detroit's population in 1778?
Answer: 2,144
Question: What was Detroit's population in 1765?
Answer: 800
Question: Who was the French Minister of Marine in 1701?
Answer: Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain
Question: Which French officer led the 1701 expedition?
Answer: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac |
Context: This large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. Among these are pieces blasted off the Moon, and probably Mars, by impacts. These specimens, particularly ALH84001 discovered by ANSMET, are at the center of the controversy about possible evidence of microbial life on Mars. Because meteorites in space absorb and record cosmic radiation, the time elapsed since the meteorite hit the Earth can be determined from laboratory studies. The elapsed time since fall, or terrestrial residence age, of a meteorite represents more information that might be useful in environmental studies of Antarctic ice sheets.
Question: How do the meteorites found in Antarctica add to knowledge about the solar system?
Answer: better understanding
Question: Beside rare types of meteorites, what other types of meteorites have been found in Antarctica?
Answer: New types
Question: From where in the solar system could the meteorites have come?
Answer: Moon
Question: About what nearby planet could the Antarctic meteorites hold data?
Answer: Mars
Question: What do meteorites absorb that can be used to understand how old the meteorite is?
Answer: cosmic radiation
Question: What is AHL84010?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who discovered the AHL84010 meteorite?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What controversy surrounds the AHL84010?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases as part of strategies that still relied heavily on fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants" and suggests that these subsistence changes were not due to farmers migrating from the Near East but was an indigenous development, with cereals either indigenous or obtained through exchange. Other scholars argue that the primary stimulus for agriculture and domesticated animals (as well as mud-brick architecture and other Neolithic cultural features) in Egypt was from the Middle East.
Question: When did the domestication of sheep first appear in Egypt?
Answer: 6,000 BC
Question: How did Egyptians gather food before raising livestock?
Answer: fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants
Question: What region do some scholars see as the source for Egypt's start in agriculture?
Answer: the Middle East
Question: When did the domestication of sheep first appear in the Middle East?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How did Egyptians gather food before raising crops?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What region do some scholars see as the source for the Near East's start in agriculture?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who suggests that these subsistence changes were due to farmers migrating?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do other scholars say that the primary stimulus for states came from?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position.
Question: In Eastern Armenian, aspirated consonants occur in what?
Answer: consonant clusters
Question: Where are consonants aspirated in just the final position?
Answer: Wahgi
Question: Unaspirated consonants are not always followed by what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what language is unaspiration contrastive?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what language are consonants aspirated only in start position?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What occurs in sound clusters?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is not always followed by vowels or unvoiced sounds?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In England, the 16th-century European Reformation resulted in a number of executions on charges of heresy. During the thirty-eight years of Henry VIII's reign, about sixty heretics, mainly Protestants, were executed and a rather greater number of Catholics lost their lives on grounds of political offences such as treason, notably Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher, for refusing to accept the king's supremacy over the Church in England. Under Edward VI, the heresy laws were repealed in 1547 only to be reintroduced in 1554 by Mary I; even so two radicals were executed in Edward's reign (one for denying the reality of the incarnation, the other for denying Christ's divinity). Under Mary, around two hundred and ninety people were burned at the stake between 1555 and 1558 after the restoration of papal jurisdiction. When Elizabeth I came to the throne, the concept of heresy was retained in theory but severely restricted by the 1559 Act of Supremacy and the one hundred and eighty or so Catholics who were executed in the forty-five years of her reign were put to death because they were considered members of "...a subversive fifth column." The last execution of a "heretic" in England occurred under James VI and I in 1612. Although the charge was technically one of "blasphemy" there was one later execution in Scotland (still at that date an entirely independent kingdom) when in 1697 Thomas Aikenhead was accused, among other things, of denying the doctrine of the Trinity.
Question: What event in England during the 16th century had an outcome of many deaths for heresy?
Answer: European Reformation
Question: During what king's reign did 60 Protestants die for heresy?
Answer: Henry VIII
Question: What two notable figures are cited to have perished for refusing to give up the Church in England?
Answer: Sir Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher
Question: Under which king were the heresy laws repealed in 1547?
Answer: Edward VI
Question: In what year was the last known person sentenced to death in England for heresy?
Answer: 1612
Question: What rformation took place in the 1600's
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During who's reign were Catholics executed as heretics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who executed Protestants on political grounds?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What protestants were executed for not recognizing the kings supremecy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who repealed the heresey laws in the 15th century?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the substance of the parties' actual agreement. Each article heading usually encompasses a paragraph. A long treaty may further group articles under chapter headings.
Question: What follows the preamble in a treaty?
Answer: numbered articles
Question: What is contained in the numbered articles of a treaty?
Answer: the substance of the parties' actual agreement
Question: What does each article heading usually encompass?
Answer: a paragraph
Question: How might the articles in a long treaty be grouped?
Answer: under chapter headings
Question: The numbered articles of a treaty may be grouped by chapter heading in what kind of treaty?
Answer: A long treaty |
Context: The capital city of Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia during the time period, 2012 - 2013, visited Windhoek. Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts, Air Namibia and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are also all headquartered in Windhoek. There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek such as Windhoek Country Club Resort and some international hotel chains also operate in Windhoek, such as Avani Hotels and Resorts and Hilton Hotels and Resorts.
Question: What is the capital of Namibia?
Answer: Windhoek
Question: What is the airport in Namibia?
Answer: Hosea Kutako International Airport
Question: What is the most popular hotel in Windhoek?
Answer: Windhoek Country Club Resort
Question: Avani Hotels and resorts is a chain resort in Windhoek, what is another?
Answer: Hilton Hotels and Resorts
Question: What percentage of tourists arrive in Namibia at Hosea Kutako International Airport?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the Namibia Wildlife Resorts established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the Namibia Tourism Board get established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of the tourists to Windhoek stay at one of the international hotel chains?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the HIlton Hotels and Resorts built in Windhoek?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and five for Stationers' Hall copyright, around 1,170 copies were available for sale. Significantly, 500 were taken by Mudie's Library, ensuring that the book promptly reached a large number of subscribers to the library. The second edition of 3,000 copies was quickly brought out on 7 January 1860, and incorporated numerous corrections as well as a response to religious objections by the addition of a new epigraph on page ii, a quotation from Charles Kingsley, and the phrase "by the Creator" added to the closing sentence. During Darwin's lifetime the book went through six editions, with cumulative changes and revisions to deal with counter-arguments raised. The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions. The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase "survival of the fittest", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology (1864).
Question: What was the cost for the first published copies of On the Origin of Species?
Answer: fifteen shillings
Question: How many copies of On the Origin of Species were created in the first printing?
Answer: 1250 copies
Question: Where was the book, On the Origin of Species first offered for sale?
Answer: Murray's autumn sale
Question: How many editions did On the Origin of Species go through during Darwin's lifetime?
Answer: six editions
Question: Which institution bought 500 copies of the book, ensuring that a large number of people would have access to it?
Answer: Mudie's Library |
Context: Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule. The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a double-helix run in opposite directions. Nucleic acid synthesis, including DNA replication and transcription occurs in the 5'→3' direction, because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile.:27.2
Question: What causes the directionality of DNA strands?
Answer: the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases
Question: What is known as the 3' end?
Answer: an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose
Question: What is known as the 5' end?
Answer: an exposed phosphate group
Question: What type of synthesis occurs in the 5'→3' direction?
Answer: Nucleic acid synthesis
Question: Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'→3' direction?
Answer: because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile |