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Context: Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India. The mainstream Hindu philosophy includes six systems (ṣaḍdarśana) – Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. These are also called the Astika (orthodox) philosophical traditions and are those that accept the Vedas as authoritative, important source of knowledge.[note 1][note 2] Ancient and medieval India was also the source of philosophies that share philosophical concepts but rejected the Vedas, and these have been called nāstika (heterodox or non-orthodox) Indian philosophies. Nāstika Indian philosophies include Buddhism, Jainism, Cārvāka, Ājīvika, and others. Question: What was the origin of Hindu philosophy? Answer: ancient India Question: How many main systems of Hindu philosophy are there? Answer: six Question: What are the main orthodox systems of Hindu philosophy called? Answer: Astika Question: What is the accepted source of knowledge in the Astika system? Answer: Vedas Question: What are the non-orthodox Indian philosophies that do not accept Vedas called? Answer: nāstika Question: How many darsanas are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What philosophy does Astika reject? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which philosophy do both nastika and Astika philosophies accept? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Carvaka mean? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Pennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, resulting in the need for medical treatment to remove the foreign body. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting and diarrhea are possible symptoms. Zinc is highly toxic in parrots and poisoning can often be fatal. The consumption of fruit juices stored in galvanized cans has resulted in mass parrot poisonings with zinc. Question: What are dogs known to ingest? Answer: Pennies Question: What does the zinc coins ingested by dogs cause? Answer: zinc toxicity Question: In what animal is zinc toxic to the point of poisonous? Answer: parrots Question: What has been a cause of mass parrot poisonings attributed to zinc? Answer: juices stored in galvanized cans Question: What are dogs unknown to ingest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the chocolate coins ingested by dogs cause? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What animal is zinc beneficial to the point of miracles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been a cause of mass rat poisonings attributed to zinc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do pennies and other small coins help to heal when ingested by dogs? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: He continued his winning streak in the 1971–74 competitions. In 1975, Schwarzenegger was once again in top form, and won the title for the sixth consecutive time, beating Franco Columbu. After the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from professional bodybuilding. Question: Who did Schwarzenegger beat to win his sixth Mr. Olympia in a row? Answer: Franco Columbu Question: What year did Schwarzenegger quit competing as a professional bodybuilder? Answer: 1975 Question: What was Schwarzenegger's last competition before retirement? Answer: Mr. Olympia

Context: In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of its population and its economic heartland. Although the Byzantines regrouped and recovered somewhat, they never fully regained Asia Minor and were often on the defensive. The Turks also had difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars. The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans. Question: During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia? Answer: 1060s Question: In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought? Answer: 1071 Question: Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert? Answer: Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV Question: Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks? Answer: the Fatimids of Egypt Question: During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia? Answer: 11th

Context: Major European rivers flow from Switzerland, such as the Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po, all of which have headwaters in the Alps and flow into neighbouring countries, finally emptying into the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. Other rivers such as the Danube have major tributaries flowing into them that originate in the Alps. The Rhone is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean Sea; the river begins as glacial meltwater, flows into Lake Geneva, and from there to France where one of its uses is to cool nuclear power plants. The Rhine originates in a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland and represents almost 60 percent of water exported from the country. Tributary valleys, some of which are complicated, channel water to the main valleys which can experience flooding during the snow melt season when rapid runoff causes debris torrents and swollen rivers. Question: The Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po rivers flow from what Country? Answer: Switzerland Question: Where do the major tributaries that flow through the Danube originate from? Answer: the Alps Question: Which river is second to the Nile as a freshwater source to the Mediterranean? Answer: The Rhone Question: What does The Rhone begin as? Answer: glacial meltwater Question: Where does the Rhine originate? Answer: a 30 square kilometre area in Switzerland

Context: After the Spanish in the 16th century, the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from Virginia. The latter had grown rapidly and land was less available. Nathaniel Batts was documented as one of the first of these Virginian migrants. He settled south of the Chowan River and east of the Great Dismal Swamp in 1655. By 1663, this northeastern area of the Province of Carolina, known as the Albemarle Settlements, was undergoing full-scale English settlement. During the same period, the English monarch Charles II gave the province to the Lords Proprietors, a group of noblemen who had helped restore Charles to the throne in 1660. The new province of "Carolina" was named in honor and memory of King Charles I (Latin: Carolus). In 1712, North Carolina became a separate colony. Except for the Earl Granville holdings, it became a royal colony seventeen years later. A large revolt happened in the state in 1711 known as Cary's Rebellion. Question: After the Spanish, who were the first Europeans to settle North Carolina? Answer: English colonists Question: Where did the English colonists that settle North carolina come from? Answer: Virginia Question: The English colonist left virginia because of what issue with the land there? Answer: less available Question: Who was one of the first Virginian migrants to reach the carolinas? Answer: Nathaniel Batts Question: What year did Nathaniel Battes settle in North Carolina? Answer: 1655

Context: Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primarily uses the term in relation to Gautama Buddha's previous existences, but has traditionally acknowledged and respected the bodhisattva path as well.[web 17] Question: What does Bodhisattva mean? Answer: enlightenment being Question: What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings? Answer: bodhicitta

Context: Caesars Entertainment executives have been reconsidering the future of their three remaining Atlantic City properties (Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's), in the wake of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by the company's casino operating unit in January 2015. Question: How many remaining properties belong to Caesars Entertainment? Answer: three Question: What are the names of the three remaining Caesars Entertainment properties? Answer: Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's Question: What type of bankruptcy did Caesars Entertainment file for? Answer: Chapter 11 Question: What year did Caesars Entertainment file for bankruptcy? Answer: 2015 Question: Which unit of Caesars Entertainment filed for bankruptcy in 2015? Answer: casino operating unit

Context: The gradual spread of Buddhism into adjacent areas meant that it came into contact with new ethnical groups. During this period Buddhism was exposed to a variety of influences, from Persian and Greek civilization, to changing trends in non-Buddhist Indian religions—themselves influenced by Buddhism. Striking examples of this syncretistic development can be seen in the emergence of Greek-speaking Buddhist monarchs in the Indo-Greek Kingdom, and in the development of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhāra. A Greek king, Menander, has even been immortalized in the Buddhist canon. Question: The gradual spread of Buddhism exposed it to a variety of influences including what civilization? Answer: Persian and Greek Question: Who was the Greek king immortalized in Buddhist canon? Answer: Menander

Context: So an additional problem beyond canceling the unwanted reactance is of matching the remaining resistive impedance to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. In principle this can always be done with a transformer, however the turns ratio of a transformer is not adjustable. A general matching network with at least two adjustments can be made to correct both components of impedance. Matching networks using discrete inductors and capacitors will have losses associated with those components, and will have power restrictions when used for transmitting. Avoiding these difficulties, commercial antennas are generally designed with fixed matching elements or feeding strategies to get an approximate match to standard coax, such as 50 or 75 Ohms. Antennas based on the dipole (rather than vertical antennas) should include a balun in between the transmission line and antenna element, which may be integrated into any such matching network. Question: What is not adjustable when it comes to a transformer? Answer: turns ratio Question: A general matching network needs a minimum of how many adjustments to correct all components of impedance? Answer: two adjustments Question: How many ohms are in are in a standard coax? Answer: 50 or 75 Question: What is included between the transmission line and the antenna element? Answer: balun Question: A balun should be integrated into what? Answer: matching network

Context: West got his big break in the year 2000, when he began to produce for artists on Roc-A-Fella Records. West came to achieve recognition and is often credited with revitalizing Jay-Z's career with his contributions to the rap mogul's influential 2001 album The Blueprint. The Blueprint is consistently ranked among the greatest hip-hop albums, and the critical and financial success of the album generated substantial interest in West as a producer. Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West produced records for other artists from the label, including Beanie Sigel, Freeway, and Cam'ron. He also crafted hit songs for Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson. Question: What label did Kanye begin to work for in 2000? Answer: Roc-A-Fella Records Question: What album did Kanye receive production credits on in 2001? Answer: The Blueprint Question: In what year did Roc-A-Fella make Kanye West known? Answer: 2000 Question: What was the name of the CD West produced for Jay Z in 2001? Answer: The Blueprint

Context: In 2011, it became apparent that the bail-out would be insufficient and a second bail-out amounting to €130 billion ($173 billion) was agreed in 2012, subject to strict conditions, including financial reforms and further austerity measures. As part of the deal, there was to be a 53% reduction in the Greek debt burden to private creditors and any profits made by Eurozone central banks on their holdings of Greek debt are to be repatriated back to Greece. Greece achieved a primary government budget surplus in 2013. In April 2014, Greece returned to the global bond market as it successfully sold €3 billion worth of five-year government bonds at a yield of 4.95%. Greece returned to growth after six years of economic decline in the second quarter of 2014, and was the Eurozone's fastest-growing economy in the third quarter. Question: in 2012, what was the amount of the bailout? Answer: $173 billion Question: How much debt to creditors was Greece suppose to reduce? Answer: 53% Question: In what year did Greece realize a budget surplus? Answer: 2013 Question: How much did Greece make from a bond sale in 2014? Answer: €3 billion Question: After how many years did it take for Greece to gain back growth in the economy? Answer: six years

Context: Philadelphia has more public art than any other American city. In 1872, the Association for Public Art (formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association) was created, the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and urban planning. In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the Percent for Art ordinance, the first for a U.S. city. The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency. Question: Which American city has the most public art? Answer: Philadelphia Question: What was the Assoc. for Public Art called in the past? Answer: Fairmount Park Art Association Question: How many pieces of art were funded by the Percent for Art ordinance? Answer: more than 200

Context: The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy. Question: What was the Interwar period marked by? Answer: radical change in the international order Question: What institution was meant to bring stability? Answer: the League of Nations Question: When was The League of Nations created? Answer: after the First World War Question: Who undermined The League Of Nations? Answer: bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States Question: What effect did the undermining of The league of Nations have on the people? Answer: leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.

Context: Computational neuroscience encompasses two approaches: first, the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation. On one hand, it is possible to write a computer program to simulate the operation of a group of neurons by making use of systems of equations that describe their electrochemical activity; such simulations are known as biologically realistic neural networks. On the other hand, it is possible to study algorithms for neural computation by simulating, or mathematically analyzing, the operations of simplified "units" that have some of the properties of neurons but abstract out much of their biological complexity. The computational functions of the brain are studied both by computer scientists and neuroscientists. Question: Computational neuroscience is concerned with what two studies? Answer: the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation.

Context: Gallaeci lived in castros. These were usually annular forts, with one or more concentric earthen or stony walls, with a trench in front of each one. They were frequently located at hills, or in seashore cliffs and peninsulas. Some well known castros can be found, in the seashore, at Fazouro, Santa Tegra, Baroña and O Neixón, and inland at San Cibrao de Lás, Borneiro, Castromao, and Viladonga. Some other distinctive features, such as temples, baths, reservoirs, warrior statues and decorative carvings have been found associated to this culture, together with rich gold and metalworking traditions. Question: What were the forts that the Gallaeci lived in called? Answer: castros Question: Where were these forts commonly built? Answer: hills Question: Where is one place where one of the inland forts can be found? Answer: Borneiro Question: Statues have been made in whose likeness? Answer: warrior

Context: Feminist anthropology is a four field approach to anthropology (archeological, biological, cultural, linguistic) that seeks to reduce male bias in research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge. Anthropology engages often with feminists from non-Western traditions, whose perspectives and experiences can differ from those of white European and American feminists. Historically, such 'peripheral' perspectives have sometimes been marginalized and regarded as less valid or important than knowledge from the western world. Feminist anthropologists have claimed that their research helps to correct this systematic bias in mainstream feminist theory. Feminist anthropologists are centrally concerned with the construction of gender across societies. Feminist anthropology is inclusive of birth anthropology as a specialization. Question: What type of anthropology focuses on a political agenda rather than on contributing to science? Answer: Feminist Question: What does feminist anthropology self-reports as seeking to reduce in research findings? Answer: male bias Question: What do feminist anthropologists claim their research helps to correct? Answer: systematic bias Question: What are feminist anthropologists centrally concerned about? Answer: gender Question: What type of anthropology do feminist anthropologists inclusively specialize in? Answer: birth anthropology Question: What is a single field approach to anthropology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What seeks to reduce female bias in research? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's experiences are similar to white European and American feminists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What perspectives have been historically regarded as valid? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: For many centuries, wealthy and powerful members of the szlachta sought to gain legal privileges over their peers. Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates (karmazyni—the "Crimsons", from the crimson colour of their boots). A proper magnate should be able to trace noble ancestors back for many generations and own at least 20 villages or estates. He should also hold a major office in the Commonwealth. Question: What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought? Answer: gain legal privileges over their peers Question: What were most szlachtas class? Answer: Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates Question: What is another name for magnates? Answer: Crimsons Question: A proper magnates own what? Answer: own at least 20 villages or estates. Question: Who is properly in the major office in the commonwealth? Answer: magnates

Context: In Suriname today, Dutch is the sole official language, and over 60 percent of the population speaks it as a mother tongue. Dutch is the obligatory medium of instruction in schools in Suriname, even for non-native speakers. A further twenty-four percent of the population speaks Dutch as a second language. Suriname gained its independence from the Netherlands in 1975 and has been an associate member of the Dutch Language Union since 2004. The lingua franca of Suriname, however, is Sranan Tongo, spoken natively by about a fifth of the population. Question: About what percentage of residents of Suriname speak Dutch? Answer: 60 Question: What language would you hear teachers speak if you attended school in Suriname? Answer: Dutch Question: When did Suriname officially become independent from the Netherlands? Answer: 1975 Question: What year did Suriname join the Dutch Language Union? Answer: 2004 Question: What's the common language that around 20% of Suriname's people speak? Answer: Sranan Tongo

Context: Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā. Question: What buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas? Answer: Mahayana Question: What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas? Answer: bodhisattva vow Question: What are the six perfections under Mahayana teachings? Answer: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā

Context: On October 25, 1836, construction began on the Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad to connect the port city of Wilmington with the state capital of Raleigh. In 1849 the North Carolina Railroad was created by act of the legislature to extend that railroad west to Greensboro, High Point, and Charlotte. During the Civil War, the Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch of the railroad would be vital to the Confederate war effort; supplies shipped into Wilmington would be moved by rail through Raleigh to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Question: What was the name of the railroad that began construction in 1836? Answer: Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad Question: The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad was going to connect Wilmington to what city? Answer: Raleigh Question: In 1849, what railroad was created? Answer: North Carolina Railroad Question: What direction did the North carolina railroad extend? Answer: west Question: What stretch of the railroad was vital to the confederates in the civil war? Answer: Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch

Context: Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy. Question: How many awards and decorations did Josip Broz Tito recieve? Answer: 119 Question: Of all of the awards Tito received, how many were from Yugoslavia itself? Answer: 21 Question: Which government awards the Legion of Honour and the National Order of Merit? Answer: French Question: Which government awards the Order of the Bath? Answer: British Question: Which government awards the Order of the Chrysanthemum? Answer: Japanese

Context: Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary. Question: What has served as a school of writing for many authors? Answer: Translation Question: Who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia? Answer: monks Question: What did translators shape in the course of their work? Answer: languages Question: What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures? Answer: bridges Question: Where were idioms and vocabulary imported from? Answer: source languages Question: What has served as an enemy of writing for many authors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who spread Buddhist texts in South America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did translators lose in the course of their work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have translators acted as by conveying ignorance between cultures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were idioms and vocabulary hidden from? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The Swingle Singers used nonsense words to sound like instruments, but have been known to produce non-verbal versions of musical instruments. Like the other groups, examples of their music can be found on YouTube. Beatboxing, more accurately known as vocal percussion, is a technique used in a cappella music popularized by the hip-hop community, where rap is often performed a cappella also. The advent of vocal percussion added new dimensions to the a cappella genre and has become very prevalent in modern arrangements. Petra Haden used a four-track recorder to produce an a cappella version of The Who Sell Out including the instruments and fake advertisements on her album Petra Haden Sings: The Who Sell Out in 2005. Haden has also released a cappella versions of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", The Beach Boys' "God Only Knows" and Michael Jackson's "Thriller". In 2009, Toyota commissioned Haden to perform three songs for television commercials for the third-generation Toyota Prius, including an a cappella version of The Bellamy Brothers' 1970s song "Let Your Love Flow".[citation needed] Question: What did the Swingle Singers primarily use to emulate musical instruments? Answer: nonsense words Question: What is another term for beatboxing? Answer: vocal percussion Question: What was used to make an a capella recording of The Who Sell Out? Answer: a four-track recorder Question: What car manufacturer hired Petra Haden to perform a capella songs in commercials for their car? Answer: Toyota Question: On what website can many a capella groups' music be listened to? Answer: YouTube Question: What did the Beach Boys use so they would sound like instruments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What added new dimensions to nonsense words? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one song version The Swingle Singers released in 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Toyota hire The Bellamy Brothers to advertise in their commercials? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was used by Journey to make an a cappella recording of The Who Sells Out? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US. Question: When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the US first? Answer: 1981 Question: What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1981? Answer: 5:3 Question: Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US? Answer: President Ronald Reagan Question: Which system was demonstrated in the US for the first time in 1981? Answer: MUSE Question: Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Ronald Reagan? Answer: MUSE Question: When was the MUSE system demonstrated in the UK first? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aspect ratio did the MUSE system use when demonstrated in 1988? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce SDTV to the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which system was demonstrated in the UK for the first time in 1981? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which system was demonstrated in Washington to President Bush? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialistic science will eventually succeed in explaining phenomena it has not so far been able to explain. Polkinghorne prefers "dual-aspect monism" to faith in materialism. Question: Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism? Answer: dual-aspect monism Question: Who agrees with promissory materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who claims that materialistic science will never explain phenomena? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Polkinghorne believes in faith in materialism instead of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do critics agree with materialism? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The lowest pressure that can be attained in a system is also dependent on many things other than the nature of the pumps. Multiple pumps may be connected in series, called stages, to achieve higher vacuums. The choice of seals, chamber geometry, materials, and pump-down procedures will all have an impact. Collectively, these are called vacuum technique. And sometimes, the final pressure is not the only relevant characteristic. Pumping systems differ in oil contamination, vibration, preferential pumping of certain gases, pump-down speeds, intermittent duty cycle, reliability, or tolerance to high leakage rates. Question: When multiple pumps are connected in series to produce higher vacuum it is called what? Answer: stages Question: The choice of seals, or chamber geometry ,for example impact a pump. Together these are options are called what? Answer: vacuum technique Question: What are two other relevant characteristics of a pumping system along with final pressure? Answer: oil contamination, vibration Question: How can chamber geometry be connected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can oil contamination be dependent on instead of pump nature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do leakage rates usually happen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do certain gases usually help a pump achieve? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two other characteristics of a seal? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a lozenge bearing the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a Tudor rose and the first and third a cross of St George. Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign. The Queen also possesses royal standards and personal flags for use in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, and elsewhere. Question: Until she became queen, what flower was on Elizabeth's coat of arms? Answer: Tudor rose Question: When did Elizabeth acquire her father's arms? Answer: Upon her accession Question: Besides personal flags,what other types of flags does Elizabeth have? Answer: royal standards Question: What type of flags are used in foreign countries? Answer: personal Question: When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms? Answer: 21 April 1944 Question: How many points does Elizabeth's arms bear on her argent after her accession? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been the centre point of Elizabeth's arms since she ascended to the throne? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date was Elizabeth ascended to the throne? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are on each side of the three points argent of Elizabeth's current arms since she ascended to the throne? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What shape is Elizabeth's royal coat of arms since her accession? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. Question: When was Thuringia's first railway built? Answer: the 1840s Question: When were most of the branch lines of the railway abandoned? Answer: Between 1950 and 2000 Question: When will the new high speed train be open? Answer: In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, Question: When was Thuringia's worst railway built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were most of the branch lines of the railway adopted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When will the new high speed train be closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an imaginary railway? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia as a legal constituent part of the Soviet Union. Estonia's return to independence became possible as the Soviet Union faced internal regime challenges, loosening its hold on the outer empire. As the 1980s progressed, a movement for Estonian autonomy started. In the initial period of 1987–1989, this was partially for more economic independence, but as the Soviet Union weakened and it became increasingly obvious that nothing short of full independence would do, Estonia began a course towards self-determination. Question: What did most Western countries view as an illegal claim by the USSR? Answer: the annexation of Estonia Question: What relationship did Western countries continue with Estonia? Answer: diplomatic relations Question: What institution did Western countries refuse to recognize? Answer: the Estonian SSR Question: What decade started the push for Estonian independence? Answer: 1980s

Context: Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastrophic failure. The code previously permitted only single-bottom hydraulic cylinders. In the event of a cylinder breach, the fluid loss results in uncontrolled down movement of the elevator. This creates two significant hazards: being subject to an impact at the bottom when the elevator stops suddenly and being in the entrance for a potential shear if the rider is partly in the elevator. Because it is impossible to verify the system at all times, the code requires periodic testing of the pressure capability. Another solution to protect against a cylinder blowout is to install a plunger gripping device. One commercially available is known by the marketing name "LifeJacket". This is a device which, in the event of an uncontrolled downward acceleration, nondestructively grips the plunger and stops the car. A device known as an overspeed or rupture valve is attached to the hydraulic inlet/outlet of the cylinder and is adjusted for a maximum flow rate. If a pipe or hose were to break (rupture), the flow rate of the rupture valve will surpass a set limit and mechanically stop the outlet flow of hydraulic fluid, thus stopping the plunger and the car in the down direction. Question: Underground electrolytic malfunctions in hydraulic elevators can result in the destruction of what? Answer: the cylinder and bulkhead Question: What Elevator Safety Code change required a second dished bulkhead? Answer: 1972 ASME A17.1 Question: Before the code change was enacted what was the only permitted hydraulic cylinder type? Answer: single-bottom Question: Once the cylinder is breached, what calamity does the loss of fluid cause? Answer: uncontrolled down movement of the elevator Question: What testing does the code require? Answer: periodic testing of the pressure capability

Context: On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and as far east as Bermuda. It damaged 2,000 buildings in Charleston and caused $6 million worth of damage ($133 million in 2006 dollars), at a time when all the city's buildings were valued around $24 million ($531 million in 2006 dollars). Question: What nearly destroyed Charleston in 1886? Answer: an earthquake Question: What date was the Charleston earthquake of 1886? Answer: August 31, 1886 Question: How many buildings were damaged by the 1886 earthquake in Charleston? Answer: 2,000 buildings Question: What was the cost of the damage of the 1886 earthquake to the city of Charleston? Answer: $6 million Question: What was the total value of all of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake? Answer: $24 million Question: What nearly destroyed Charleston in 1868? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What date was the Charleston earthquake of 1868? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many buildings were damaged by the 1868 earthquake in Charleston? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the cost of the damage of the 1868 earthquake to the city of Charleston? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the total value of some of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period 2013–2016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alexander Tschäppät. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht Stürler after 1747. Question: How does the government of Bern operate? Answer: as a collegiate authority. Question: How many councilors are there? Answer: five Question: Who is Bern's mayor, or Stadtprasident? Answer: Alexander Tschäppät Question: How after are the elections? Answer: every four years. Question: Where is the executive body held? Answer: in the Erlacherhof

Context: Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone. Question: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates? Answer: Wu Chinese Question: What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese? Answer: /p pʰ b/ Question: What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants? Answer: Muddy consonants Question: What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with? Answer: slack or breathy Question: Wu Chinese has a four-way distinction in what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is strongly voiced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes a syllable to be pronounced with high pitch or light tone? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a breathy consonant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes a stop to be pronounced with low pitch or light tone? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Alternative proposals for the etymology of *Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support. Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning "practicer of a common Slavic religion," and from that evolved into an ethnonym. S.B. Bernstein speculates that it derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos, cognate to Ancient Greek λαός laós "population, people," which itself has no commonly accepted etymology. Meanwhile, others have pointed out that the suffix -enin indicates a man from a certain place, which in this case should be a place called Slova or Slava, possibly a river name. The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek (1907–1986) to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene. Question: Who argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper? Answer: Lozinski Question: Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos? Answer: S.B. Bernstein Question: The suffix -enin indicates what? Answer: a man from a certain place Question: Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova? Answer: Henrich Bartek Question: Who said slava evolved from an ethnonym? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the scholar that suggested Slova could be a river name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was SB Bernstein born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Bartek argue the Dnieper River was the origin of Slovene? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What suffix indicates a river name? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The control of migration, its timing and response are genetically controlled and appear to be a primitive trait that is present even in non-migratory species of birds. The ability to navigate and orient themselves during migration is a much more complex phenomenon that may include both endogenous programs as well as learning. Question: What controls a birds migration? Answer: a primitive trait Question: How do birds navigate and orient themselves during migration? Answer: endogenous programs as well as learning Question: What is a primitive trait present even in non migrating birds? Answer: migration Question: What is a complex phenomenon in regards to migration? Answer: The ability to navigate

Context: The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and ecology textbooks now use the latter "de Bary" definition or an even broader definition (where symbiosis means all species interactions), with the restrictive definition no longer used (in other words, symbiosis means mutualism). Question: How long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis? Answer: 130 years Question: How long did it take for scientists to discover symbiosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many scientists believe that symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What textbooks describe the parasitic relationships as the only way to define symbiosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What three words did de Bary use to define symbiosis? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: CBC Television stations can be received in many United States communities along the Canadian border over-the-air and have a significant audience in those areas. Such a phenomenon can also take place within Great Lakes communities such as Ashtabula, Ohio, which received programming from the CBC's London, Ontario, transmitter, based upon prevailing atmospheric conditions over Lake Erie. As of September 2010 CBC shut down its analogue transmitter and decided not to replace it with a digital transmitter. As a result, there is now a giant hole in the coverage of CBC in South-Western Ontario. Both CBC - Toronto and CBC - Windsor are both over 100 miles from London, ON and out of range for even the largest antennas[citation needed]. Question: When did CBC shut down its analogue transmitter? Answer: September 2010 Question: Which CBC location has a lapsed area of coverage after 2010? Answer: South-Western Ontario Question: Which US city can receive broadcasts from CBC's London transmitter? Answer: Ashtabula, Ohio Question: What location in the United States has the highest viewership of CBC programming? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has caused the ratings of the CBC to lapse since September 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Economic conditions and societal inequality has caused the CBC to ignore this problem? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the maximum distance that a city can be from a transmission antenna? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Non-religious Umayyad mosaic works were mainly floor panels which decorated the palaces of the caliphs and other high-ranking officials. They were closely modeled after the mosaics of the Roman country villas, once common in the Eastern Mediterranean. The most superb example can be found in the bath house of Hisham's Palace, Palestine which was made around 744. The main panel depicts a large tree and underneath it a lion attacking a deer (right side) and two deers peacefully grazing (left side). The panel probably represents good and bad governance. Mosaics with classical geometric motifs survived in the bath area of the 8th-century Umayyad palace complex in Anjar, Lebanon. The luxurious desert residence of Al-Walid II in Qasr al-Hallabat (in present-day Jordan) was also decorated with floor mosaics that show a high level of technical skill. The best preserved panel at Hallabat is divided by a Tree of Life flanked by "good" animals on one side and "bad" animals on the other. Among the Hallabat representations are vine scrolls, grapes, pomegranates, oryx, wolves, hares, a leopard, pairs of partridges, fish, bulls, ostriches, rabbits, rams, goats, lions and a snake. At Qastal, near Amman, excavations in 2000 uncovered the earliest known Umayyad mosaics in present-day Jordan, dating probably from the caliphate of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685–705). They cover much of the floor of a finely decorated building that probably served as the palace of a local governor. The Qastal mosaics depict geometrical patterns, trees, animals, fruits and rosettes. Except for the open courtyard, entrance and staircases, the floors of the entire palace were covered in mosaics. Question: Any mosaic having secular designs were likely what? Answer: floor panels Question: What were the floor panels of the caliphs and high ranking officials modeled after? Answer: Roman country villas Question: Where can the most superb example of Umayyad mosaic floor paneling? Answer: the bath house of Hisham's Palace Question: In which present day country would the residence of Al-Walid II in Qasr al-Hallabat be? Answer: Jordan Question: At Qastal in 2000 the earliest examples of what were found in Jordan? Answer: Umayyad mosaics

Context: The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and rainy, but it is also markedly drier in the summer, being usually classified as Oceanic in the west and north, and Mediterranean in the southeast. Its topographic and climatic conditions have made animal husbandry and farming the primary source of Galicia's wealth for most of its history. With the exception of shipbuilding and food processing, Galicia was largely a semi-subsistence farming and fishing economy and did not experience significant industrialization until after the mid-20th century. In 2012, the gross domestic product at purchasing power parity was €56,000 million, with a nominal GDP per capita of €20,700. The population is largely concentrated in two coastal areas: from Ferrol to A Coruña in the northwest and from Pontevedra to Vigo in the southwest. To a lesser extent, there are smaller populations around the interior cities of Lugo, Ourense and Santiago de Compostela. The political capital is Santiago de Compostela, in the province of A Coruña. Vigo, in the province of Pontevedra, is the most populous municipality with 294,997 (2014), while A Coruña is the most populous city with 215.227 (2014). Question: How high does Galicia's mountain ranges rise? Answer: 2,000 m (6,600 ft) Question: What have been its two primary sources of wealth? Answer: animal husbandry and farming Question: Name its northwestern coastal area. Answer: Ferrol to A Coruña Question: Name its political capital. Answer: Santiago de Compostela Question: Which province is this capital in? Answer: A Coruña

Context: In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities including the development of party manifestos, party constitutions and campaigning skills. Developing links between ideologically linked parties is another common feature of international support for a party. Sometimes this can be perceived as directly supporting the political aims of a political party, such as the support of the US government to the Georgian party behind the Rose Revolution. Other donors work on a more neutral basis, where multiple donors provide grants in countries accessible by all parties for various aims defined by the recipients. There have been calls by leading development think-tanks, such as the Overseas Development Institute, to increase support to political parties as part of developing the capacity to deal with the demands of interest-driven donors to improve governance. Question: What can also be provided by foreign aid? Answer: funding Question: What do international donors do to promote democracy? Answer: provide financing to political parties in developing countries Question: What is another common occurrence of international support for a party? Answer: Developing links between ideologically linked parties Question: What does the overseas development institute want to do? Answer: to increase support to political parties Question: What funding does the Overseas Development Institute like to offer to support democracies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was used during the Rose Revolution to make it successful? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Georgian party want to increase? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does the Georgian party want to increase support to political parties? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Georgian party want to promote by financing political parties in developing countries? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996 and in 2014 Steve Daines won one of the state's Senate seats for the GOP. The Legislative branch had split party control between the house and senate most years between 2004 and 2010, when the mid-term elections returned both branches to Republican control. The state Senate is, as of 2015, controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21, and the State House of Representatives at 59 to 41. Question: How many seats do Democrats hold in the state US Senate's seats? Answer: one Question: How long has the single congressional district been Republican? Answer: 1996 Question: What is the split in the state Senate controller by the Republicans? Answer: 29 to 21 Question: What is the split in the State House of Representatives? Answer: 59 to 41.

Context: By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined the advance followed at 17:45 by the Prussian 1st Guards Infantry Brigade. All of the Prussian Guard attacks were pinned down by lethal French gunfire from the rifle pits and trenches. At 18:15 the Prussian 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade, the last of the 1st Guards Infantry Division, was committed to the attack on St. Privat while Steinmetz committed the last of the reserves of the First Army across the Mance Ravine. By 18:30, a considerable portion of the VII and VIII Corps disengaged from the fighting and withdrew towards the Prussian positions at Rezonville. Question: By late afternoon, what were the Prussian southern attacks at risk of? Answer: breaking up Question: Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat? Answer: General Canrobert Question: What factor immobilised the Prussian Guard? Answer: lethal French gunfire Question: By nightfall a major component of the VII and VII Corps withdrew towards what Prussian position? Answer: Rezonville

Context: About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić and Drago Nikolić, have been found guilty of aiding and abetting genocide. Three others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia by German courts, one of whom Nikola Jorgić lost an appeal against his conviction in the European Court of Human Rights. A further eight men, former members of the Bosnian Serb security forces were found guilty of genocide by the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (See List of Bosnian genocide prosecutions). Question: In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide? Answer: About 30 Question: Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action? Answer: several plea bargains Question: Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge? Answer: conspiracy to commit genocide Question: Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which Krstic and Nikolic were found guilty was what? Answer: aiding and abetting genocide Question: Three others were charged with participating in genocides in Bosnia by which country's courts? Answer: German courts Question: In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for plea bargins? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What evasive action did not keep Tolmir from being found guilty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other charge besides genocide was Beara found guilty of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was another charge beyond the act for which Popovic was found guilty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which country's courts were three others charged with aiding and abbeting? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Brasília has also been the focus of modern-day literature. Published in 2008, The World In Grey: Dom Bosco's Prophecy, by author Ryan J. Lucero, tells an apocalypticle story based on the famous prophecy from the late 19th century by the Italian saint Don Bosco. According to Don Bosco's prophecy: "Between parallels 15 and 20, around a lake which shall be formed; A great civilization will thrive, and that will be the Promised Land." Brasília lies between the parallels 15° S and 20° S, where an artificial lake (Paranoá Lake) was formed. Don Bosco is Brasília's patron saint. Question: When was 'The World In Grey' published? Answer: 2008 Question: Who wrote 'The World In Grey'? Answer: Ryan J. Lucero Question: Whose prophecy is 'The World In Grey' based on? Answer: Don Bosco Question: Who is Brasilia's patron saint? Answer: Don Bosco Question: What lake did Don Bosco predict? Answer: Paranoá Lake Question: What has Ryan J. Lucero been the focus of recently? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Promised Land published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the prophecy of Ryan J. Lucero? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the patron saint of Italy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was World In Grey created? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Quality dropped but variety increased with the introduction of microwave ovens and freezer food. "Pub grub" expanded to include British food items such as steak and ale pie, shepherd's pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman's lunch, and pasties. In addition, dishes such as burgers, chicken wings, lasagne and chilli con carne are often served. Some pubs offer elaborate hot and cold snacks free to customers at Sunday lunchtimes, to prevent them getting hungry and leaving for their lunch at home. Question: What are foods like fish and chips and chicken wings called when they're served at a pub? Answer: Pub grub Question: On what day do pubs sometimes offer free snacks? Answer: Sunday Question: What culture's cuisine is ploughman's lunch a part of? Answer: British

Context: The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year. Light, first-class items generally take less than a week to or from the mainland, but larger first-class or Priority items can take a week or two. Fourth-class mail, such as magazines, are transported by sea after reaching Hawaii. Most residents use post office boxes or private mail boxes, although residential delivery is becoming increasingly available. Incoming mail not from the Americas should be addressed to "Guam" instead of "USA" to avoid being routed the long way through the U.S. mainland and possibly charged a higher rate (especially from Asia). Question: What determines the speed in which mail reaches Guam from the United States? Answer: on size and time of year Question: Which type of service usually takes less than a week to get postage to the island? Answer: first-class Question: What do most Guam residents use when receiving mail? Answer: post office boxes or private mail boxes Question: Which is more important when it comes to shipping speed to Guam, size or time of year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long does fourth-class mail take to get to Guam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long does it take for a ship to sail from Hawaii to Guam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long does it take a boat to go from the U.S. Mainland to Guam? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government. Question: What has been heavily restricted in Norfolk Island, until recently? Answer: immigration Question: When were the immigration protocols relaxed in Norfolk Island? Answer: 2012 Question: What aided in the relaxation of immigration protocols to Norfolk Island? Answer: an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens Question: What must Australian and New Zealand citizens do in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? Answer: pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme Question: When will the Australian migration system replace Norfolk Island's immigration policies? Answer: 1 July 2016 Question: What has been heavily encouraged in Norfolk Island, until recently? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the immigration protocols made more strict in Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What damaged the relaxation of immigration protocols to Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must Australian and New Zealand citizens avoid in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When will the Russian migration system replace Norfolk Island's immigration policies? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle. Question: What genre of music are Nirvana and Soundgarden? Answer: grunge Question: What type of musician is Bill Frisell? Answer: avant-garde jazz Question: What style of music does Sir Mix-a-Lot and Macklemore represent in Seattle? Answer: hip hop Question: What type of music do Foo Fighters and Harvey Danger perform? Answer: alternative rock Question: Where did artists such as Hendrix and Sixx spend their early years? Answer: Seattle

Context: Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the French market. Mohamed Ali Pasha accepted the proposition and granted himself the monopoly on the sale and export of cotton in Egypt; and later dictated cotton should be grown in preference to other crops. By the time of the American Civil war annual exports had reached $16 million (120,000 bales), which rose to $56 million by 1864, primarily due to the loss of the Confederate supply on the world market. Exports continued to grow even after the reintroduction of US cotton, produced now by a paid workforce, and Egyptian exports reached 1.2 million bales a year by 1903. Question: When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt? Answer: 1820's, Question: What French businessman convinced the ruler of Egypt to grow cotton for the French market? Answer: M. Jumel Question: Who was ruler of Egypt in the 1820s? Answer: Mohamed Ali Pasha Question: How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War? Answer: $56 million Question: How many bales of cotton were produced by Egypt by 1903? Answer: 1.2 million bales a year Question: When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What French businessman convinced the ruler of Egypt to grow cotton for the US market? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was ruler of Egypt in 1903? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the French Civil War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many bales of cotton were produced by Egypt by 1820? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, Chinese nationalists are suspicious of decentralization as a form of secessionism and a backdoor for national disunity; still others argue that the degree of autonomy given to provincial-level officials in the People's Republic of China amounts to a de facto federalism. Question: China is the largest what? Answer: China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area Question: What are Chinese nationalist suspicious of? Answer: decentralization Question: Why is China's government similar to unity structure? Answer: Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs Question: How long has China been with centralized power? Answer: centuries Question: China is the smallest what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are Chinese nationalist in favor of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are Chinese socialists suspicious of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is China's government not similar to unity structure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long has China been without centralized power? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: As the Communist Party was outlawed in Yugoslavia starting on 30 December 1920, Josip Broz took on many assumed names during his activity within the Party, including "Rudi", "Walter", and "Tito." Broz himself explains: Question: Starting in what year was the Communist Party outlawed in Yugoslavia? Answer: 1920 Question: What party was outlawed in Yugoslavia in 1920? Answer: Communist Question: "Rudi", "Walter" and "Tito" are names that what person assumed? Answer: Josip Broz Question: On what date in 1920 was the Communist party outlawed in Yugoslavia? Answer: 30 December Question: What was Tito's former name? Answer: Josip Broz

Context: On October 2, 1997, it was reported that Khrushchev's son Sergei claimed Khrushchev was poised to accept Kennedy's proposal at the time of Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963. During the next few weeks he reportedly concluded that both nations might realize cost benefits and technological gains from a joint venture, and decided to accept Kennedy's offer based on a measure of rapport during their years as leaders of the world's two superpowers, but changed his mind and dropped the idea since he did not have the same trust for Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Johnson. Question: President Kennedy was killed when? Answer: November 22, 1963 Question: How did US President Kennedy die? Answer: assassination

Context: During the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Estimates reach as high as 140,000 species per year (based on Species-area theory). This figure indicates unsustainable ecological practices, because few species emerge each year.[citation needed] Almost all scientists acknowledge that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates. As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years. Question: Who is the German Federal Environment Minister? Answer: Sigmar Gabriel Question: What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by? Answer: 2050 Question: How many plant species are close to extinction? Answer: about one eighth Question: 2012 studies estimated what percentage of mammals could be extinct in 20 years? Answer: 25% Question: Who is the German Federal Estimates Minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Gabriel estimate 50 percent of all species will be extinct by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many plant species are increasingly observed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of animals did 2007 studies estimate could be extinct in 20 years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Sigmar Gabriel cite Species-area theory? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Color temperature for white light sources also affects their use for certain applications. The color temperature of a white light source is the temperature in Kelvin of a theoretical black body emitter that most closely matches the spectral characteristics of the lamp. An incandescent bulb has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 Kelvin; daylight is around 6400 Kelvin. Lower color temperature lamps have relatively more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum, while high color temperatures correspond to lamps with more of a blue-white appearance. For critical inspection or color matching tasks, or for retail displays of food and clothing, the color temperature of the lamps will be selected for the best overall lighting effect. Question: How many Kelvins is daylight measured at? Answer: 6400 Question: What has a color temperature around 2800 to 3000 Kelvin? Answer: incandescent bulb Question: It can be said that lights with a high color temperature have more energy in what color spectrum? Answer: blue-white Question: A lamp with more energy in the yellow and red spectrum are known to be? Answer: Lower color temperature

Context: During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned. Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barça became 'More than a club' (Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barça. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence. During Franco's regime, however, the blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him. Question: What caused the suppression of regional cultures? Answer: dictatorships Question: Of the languages of the are, what was the only approved language? Answer: Spanish (Castilian) Question: How did the Catalans show their identity during the dictatorships? Answer: joining Barça Question: What team was awarded by Franco for having a good relationship? Answer: blaugrana Question: What motto of the team Barcelona appealed to the Catalans? Answer: 'More than a club'

Context: Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists, had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia. This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "Mass Movement") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party. Despite this suppression, much of maspok's demands were later realized with the new constitution, heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party.[citation needed] On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years. Question: What person's calls for unity is credited by western communists of holding together Yugoslavia? Answer: Tito Question: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"? Answer: the Croatian Spring Question: When was the new Yugoslavian constitution passed? Answer: 16 May 1974 Question: Who was named President for Life of Yugoslavia in 1974? Answer: Tito Question: How long did the person named "president for life" serve? Answer: five years.

Context: From the second half of the 20th century on parties which continued to rely on donations or membership subscriptions ran into mounting problems. Along with the increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships in most western democracies which itself places more strains on funding. For example, in the United Kingdom and Australia membership of the two main parties in 2006 is less than an 1/8 of what it was in 1950, despite significant increases in population over that period. Question: Why did parties that relied on donations or subscriptions run into problems? Answer: increased scrutiny of donations there has been a long-term decline in party memberships Question: When did parties that relied on donations start to run into problems? Answer: second half of the 20th century Question: What was the population of Australia in the 20th century compared to 1950? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did western democracies start to decline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the government of the UK have happen in 1950 due to lack of funding? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had happened to funding for the Australian government in 1950? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Australia adopt a democratic government? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of metallic conductors (elements), electrically connected (often through a transmission line) to the receiver or transmitter. An oscillating current of electrons forced through the antenna by a transmitter will create an oscillating magnetic field around the antenna elements, while the charge of the electrons also creates an oscillating electric field along the elements. These time-varying fields radiate away from the antenna into space as a moving transverse electromagnetic field wave. Conversely, during reception, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of an incoming radio wave exert force on the electrons in the antenna elements, causing them to move back and forth, creating oscillating currents in the antenna. Question: What is frequently used to connect elements to the receiver? Answer: transmission line Question: What particles are pushed through the antenna by a transmitter? Answer: electrons Question: During transmission does the electric field wave move closer to the antenna? Answer: radiate away Question: During what process would electrons be vacillating in the antenna? Answer: reception

Context: From an evolutionary-biological perspective, the function of the brain is to provide coherent control over the actions of an animal. A centralized brain allows groups of muscles to be co-activated in complex patterns; it also allows stimuli impinging on one part of the body to evoke responses in other parts, and it can prevent different parts of the body from acting at cross-purposes to each other. Question: The function of the brain from an evolutionary-biological thought is what? Answer: provide coherent control over the actions of an animal

Context: Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they were not allowed to own land or be peasants.[U] Besides the Jews, there were other non-Christians on the edges of Europe—pagan Slavs in Eastern Europe and Muslims in Southern Europe. Question: In what type of settlement did most Jews live? Answer: cities Question: In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England? Answer: the 11th and 12th Question: What religion were Spanish Jews pressured into converting to? Answer: Christianity Question: In what part of Europe did the Slavs live? Answer: Eastern Question: What was the religion of the Slavs? Answer: pagan

Context: Much of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking. Question: Much of what has not changed since the medieval period? Answer: Alpine culture Question: When were skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys most important? Answer: the medieval period Question: What is one of the strongest traditions in Alpine culture? Answer: carpentry

Context: On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in reserve, hoped to launch a combined infantry and cavalry attack against the Prussian XI Corps. But by 11:00, Prussian artillery took a toll on the French while more Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield. The French cavalry, commanded by General Marguerite, launched three desperate attacks on the nearby village of Floing where the Prussian XI Corps was concentrated. Marguerite was killed leading the very first charge and the two additional charges led to nothing but heavy losses. By the end of the day, with no hope of breaking out, Napoleon III called off the attacks. The French lost over 17,000 men, killed or wounded, with 21,000 captured. The Prussians reported their losses at 2,320 killed, 5,980 wounded and 700 captured or missing. By the next day, on 2 September, Napoleon III surrendered and was taken prisoner with 104,000 of his soldiers. It was an overwhelming victory for the Prussians, for they not only captured an entire French army, but the leader of France as well. The defeat of the French at Sedan had decided the war in Prussia's favour. One French army was now immobilised and besieged in the city of Metz, and no other forces stood on French ground to prevent a German invasion. Nevertheless, the war would continue. Question: On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions? Answer: 1 September 1870 Question: Who commanded the French V Corps in reserve? Answer: General De Wimpffen Question: As the French were hard-hit by the Prussian artillery, what continued to show up to the battlefield? Answer: more Prussian troops Question: Which commander of the French calvary led three desperate attacks on Floing? Answer: General Marguerite Question: How many casualties did the French suffer? Answer: over 17,000 men

Context: The Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas are some of the oldest extant texts in India. The Vedic period, lasting from about 1750 to 500 BCE, and contributed the foundations of several cultural aspects of Indian subcontinent. In terms of culture, many regions of the subcontinent transitioned from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age in this period. Question: For what culture is the Vedic period named? Answer: Indo-Aryan Question: Where was the Indo-Aryan culture located? Answer: north-west India Question: In what language did the Vedic culture speak? Answer: Vedic Sanskrit Question: What sacred texts are some of the oldest in India? Answer: The Vedas Question: What was the duration of the Vedic culture? Answer: 1750 to 500 BCE

Context: The city's population rose from about 5,000 in the 15th century to about 12,000 by 1800 and to above 60,000 by 1900, passing the 100,000 mark during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000, and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of October 2015, the resident population stood at 140,634, of which 100,634 were Swiss citizens and 40,000 (30%) resident foreigners. A further estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate urban agglomeration. Question: What percent of the populatin of Bern resident foreigners? Answer: 30%

Context: In 2010, 24.9 percent of households reported having children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.3 percent were married couples living together and 22.5 percent had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0 percent had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2 percent were non-families. The city reported 34.1 percent of all households were made up of individuals while 10.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.20. In 2013, the percentage of women who gave birth in the previous 12 months who were unmarried was 56 percent. Of Philadelphia's adults, 31 percent were married or lived as a couple, 55 percent were not married, 11 percent were divorced or separated, and 3 percent were widowed. Question: At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them? Answer: 24.9 percent Question: What percent were non-family households? Answer: 43.2 Question: What is the size of the average household? Answer: 2.45 Question: Percentage of unwed births? Answer: 56

Context: The US Air Force Fitness Test (AFFT) is designed to test the abdominal circumference, muscular strength/endurance and cardiovascular respiratory fitness of airmen in the USAF. As part of the Fit to Fight program, the USAF adopted a more stringent physical fitness assessment; the new fitness program was put into effect on 1 June 2010. The annual ergo-cycle test which the USAF had used for several years had been replaced in 2004. In the AFFT, Airmen are given a score based on performance consisting of four components: waist circumference, the sit-up, the push-up, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Airmen can potentially earn a score of 100, with the run counting as 60%, waist circumference as 20%, and both strength test counting as 10% each. A passing score is 75 points. Effective 1 July 2010, the AFFT is administered by the base Fitness Assessment Cell (FAC), and is required twice a year. Personnel may test once a year if he or she earns a score above a 90%. Additionally, only meeting the minimum standards on each one of these tests will not get you a passing score of 75%, and failing any one component will result in a failure for the entire test. Question: What test is designed to test the fitness of airmen in the USAF? Answer: US Air Force Fitness Test Question: What is the more strict program that the USAF adopted in 2010 called? Answer: Fit to Fight program Question: How long is the run that the USAF airmen are tested on for the fitness program? Answer: 1.5-mile Question: What is a passing score on the US Air Force Fitness Test? Answer: 75 points Question: What score must an airman get on the US Air Force Fitness test to be able to opt out of one of the mandatory twice a year retests? Answer: 90%

Context: Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and other religions by Jehovah’s Witnesses. Whalen, Harrison and Schnell have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for publicity purposes in a bid to attract dispossessed members of society, and to convince members that persecution from the outside world was evidence of the truth of their struggle to serve God. Watch Tower Society literature of the period directed that Witnesses should "never seek a controversy" nor resist arrest, but also advised members not to co-operate with police officers or courts that ordered them to stop preaching, and to prefer jail rather than pay fines. Question: Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s? Answer: authorities and other religions Question: What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpose of publicity? Answer: Whalen, Harrison and Schnell Question: What did Rutherford hope to convince members about the persecution from the outside world? Answer: evidence of the truth of their struggle Question: What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek? Answer: controversy Question: What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines? Answer: jail Question: In what decade did author William Whalen die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade did author Shawn Francis Peters die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What religious leader of the 1930s and 1940s would never have been suspected of using his members arrests to garner more disaffected members? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade did Barbara Grizzuti Harrison escape the Jehovah's Witnesses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade did Alan Rogerson get out of the Jehovah's Witnesses? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. Question: Approximately how many rufugees and asylum seekers are in Egypt? Answer: between 500,000 and 3 million Question: How may Palestinian refugees are in Egypt? Answer: 70,000 Question: How many recent Iraqi refugees are in Egypt? Answer: 150,000 Question: What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites? Answer: Cairo, Alexandria and other cities

Context: In the Hellenistic period, there was much continuity in Greek religion: the Greek gods continued to be worshiped, and the same rites were practiced as before. However the socio-political changes brought on by the conquest of the Persian empire and Greek emigration abroad meant that change also came to religious practices. This varied greatly on location, Athens, Sparta and most cities in the Greek mainland did not see much religious change or new gods (with the exception of the Egyptian Isis in Athens), while the multi-ethnic Alexandria had a very varied group of gods and religious practices, including Egyptian, Jewish and Greek. Greek emigres brought their Greek religion everywhere they went, even as far as India and Afghanistan. Non-Greeks also had more freedom to travel and trade throughout the Mediterranean and in this period we can see Egyptian gods such as Serapis, and the Syrian gods Atargatis and Hadad, as well as a Jewish synagogue, all coexisting on the island of Delos alongside classical Greek deities. A common practice was to identify Greek gods with native gods that had similar characteristics and this created new fusions like Zeus-Ammon, Aphrodite Hagne (a Hellenized Atargatis) and Isis-Demeter. Greek emigres faced individual religious choices they had not faced on their home cities, where the gods they worshiped were dictated by tradition. Question: What Egyptian god was worshipped in Athens? Answer: Isis Question: Zeus was paired with which local god? Answer: Ammon Question: Aphrodite was paired with which local god? Answer: Hagne Question: Isis was paired with what local god? Answer: Demeter

Context: There are also parks on two major islands in the river: Belle Isle and Brown's Island. Belle Isle, at various former times a Powhatan fishing village, colonial-era horse race track, and Civil War prison camp, is the larger of the two, and contains many bike trails as well as a small cliff that is used for rock climbing instruction. One can walk the island and still see many of the remains of the Civil War prison camp, such as an arms storage room and a gun emplacement that was used to quell prisoner riots. Brown's Island is a smaller island and a popular venue of a large number of free outdoor concerts and festivals in the spring and summer, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series or the James River Beer and Seafood Festival. Question: What Native American tribe at one time lived on Belle Isle? Answer: Powhatan Question: During what conflict was Belle Isle used as a prison? Answer: Civil War Question: Between Brown's Island and Belle Isle, which is bigger? Answer: Belle Isle Question: On what island does the James River Beer and Seafood Festival take place? Answer: Brown's Island Question: How often does Friday Cheers take place on Brown's Island? Answer: weekly

Context: The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states – including the Maratha Empire – which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed. This period marked vast social change in the subcontinent as the Hindu majority were ruled over by the Mughal emperors, most of whom showed religious tolerance, liberally patronising Hindu culture. The famous emperor Akbar, who was the grandson of Babar, tried to establish a good relationship with the Hindus. However, later emperors such as Aurangazeb tried to establish complete Muslim dominance, and as a result several historical temples were destroyed during this period and taxes imposed on non-Muslims. Akbar declared "Amari" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jainism. He rolled back the jizya tax for non-Muslims. The Mughal emperors married local royalty, allied themselves with local maharajas, and attempted to fuse their Turko-Persian culture with ancient Indian styles, creating a unique Indo-Saracenic architecture. It was the erosion of this tradition coupled with increased brutality and centralization that played a large part in the dynasty's downfall after Aurangzeb, who unlike previous emperors, imposed relatively non-pluralistic policies on the general population, which often inflamed the majority Hindu population. Question: What was the richest of all the dynasties? Answer: The Mughals Question: What policy made the Mughals a successful dynasty? Answer: integration with Indian culture Question: Which Mughal ruler tried to form a good relationship with non-Muslims? Answer: emperor Akbar Question: Which Mughal ruler tried to establish complete dominance over the Hindu populace? Answer: Aurangazeb Question: With what styles did Mughal Rulers merge their Tuko-Persian culture? Answer: ancient Indian

Context: Kievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, his sons married the daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor (not to mention a niece of the Pope), while his granddaughters were a German Empress and (according to one theory) the queen of Scotland. A grandson married the only daughter of the last Anglo-Saxon king of England. Thus the Rurikids were a well-connected royal family of the time. Question: To which dynasty did Yarolav's step mother belong to? Answer: Macedonian dynasty Question: Which three countried did Yaroslav's daughters become queens of? Answer: Hungary, France and Norway Question: Who did Yaroslav's sons marry? Answer: daughters of a Polish king and a Byzantine emperor Question: What did not play an important role in European politics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose stepmother did not belong to a Macedonian dynasty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was not the greatest ruler of Byzantium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which countries did Yaroslav's sons become kings of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Yaroslav's sons not marry? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe. Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia remained on observer status. Soviet stationing troops were agreed to stay in Mongolia from 1966. Question: In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact? Answer: 1963 Question: In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia? Answer: 1966 Question: Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact in January 1963? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 10? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group was removed from observer status? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose troops agrees to stay in Mongolia from 1956? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. Question: Who developed a heat-treating method that allowed carbon filaments to be molded into shapes? Answer: Lewis Latimer Question: When did Latimer patent his "Process of Manufacturing Carbons"? Answer: 17 January 1882 Question: Which company purchased Latimer's patent? Answer: United States Electric Light Company Question: Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent? Answer: Edison Question: Who developed an improved method of carbon filaments in 1882? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Edison patent his "Process of Manufacturing Carbons"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not an improved method for production of a light bulb? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not purchased by the United States Electric Light Company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not employ Latimer when he developed his first patent? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: After the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt, and forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. In 1958, Eisenhower sent 15,000 U.S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the pro-Western government from falling to a Nasser-inspired revolution. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a summit meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the U-2 incident. In his January 17, 1961 farewell address to the nation, Eisenhower expressed his concerns about the dangers of massive military spending, particularly deficit spending and government contracts to private military manufacturers, and coined the term "military–industrial complex". Question: In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite? Answer: 1957 Question: What organization did Eisenhower support after the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite? Answer: NASA Question: Along with Israel, what countries' armies invaded Egypt in 1956? Answer: British and French Question: Where did Eisenhower send 15,000 military personnel in 1958? Answer: Lebanon Question: On what date did Eisenhower deliver his presidential farewell address? Answer: January 17, 1961

Context: Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), in which the nutrients are left in the lumen to pull in water. Or it can be caused by osmotic laxatives (which work to alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels). In healthy individuals, too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose can produce osmotic diarrhea and distention of the bowel. A person who has lactose intolerance can have difficulty absorbing lactose after an extraordinarily high intake of dairy products. In persons who have fructose malabsorption, excess fructose intake can also cause diarrhea. High-fructose foods that also have a high glucose content are more absorbable and less likely to cause diarrhea. Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol (often found in sugar-free foods) are difficult for the body to absorb and, in large amounts, may lead to osmotic diarrhea. In most of these cases, osmotic diarrhea stops when offending agent (e.g. milk, sorbitol) is stopped. Question: What occures with osmotic diarrhea? Answer: s when too much water is drawn into the bowels Question: What causes osmotic diarrhea? Answer: If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel Question: How do osmotic lazatives work? Answer: alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels Question: What can cause osmotic diarrhea in healthy people? Answer: too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose Question: What causes osmotic intolerance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can cause excess fructose in healthy individuals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does fructose malabsorption work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a person with Coeliac disease have difficulty absorbing after eating dairy products? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What foods that have a high dairy content are less likely to cause diarrhea? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet. Question: Which group did David Attenborough join while on sabbatical? Answer: BBC Natural History Unit Question: When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence? Answer: the 1950s Question: What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit? Answer: Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet Question: Who joined the BBC History Unit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did David Attenborough take his sabbatical leave? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress. Question: Under whose reign did court presentations of young aristocratic ladies take place? Answer: Edward VII Question: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society? Answer: coming out Question: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair? Answer: ostrich feathers Question: After WWII "coming out" ceremonies were replaces with what event? Answer: less formal afternoon receptions Question: Under whose reign were young debutantes presented to society at Court? Answer: Edward VII Question: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair? Answer: ostrich feathers Question: What was the occasion where debutantes were presented to society called? Answer: "coming out" Question: After WWII what was the coming out ceremony replaced with? Answer: less formal afternoon receptions Question: Whose reign did not include court presentations of young aristocratic ladies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name for the sacrifice where debutantes had their last introduction into society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What bird's feathers did debutantes wear in their shirt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the occasion where debutantes were exiled from society called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the coming out ceremony replaced with during WWII? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system. Arnold J. Toynbee, for example, observes that "Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers' because Western society had recently become 'world-wide'." Question: What do all states have? Answer: geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power Question: Who stated that "Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers"? Answer: Arnold J. Toynbee Question: What type of powers should have actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system? Answer: great power Question: What type of power is restricted to its region? Answer: regional power Question: What three things do all political forces have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should a Western society possess? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a range of society restricted to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were international systems called in 1914? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What political force was world-wide in 1914? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Prior to Planck's work, it had been assumed that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever – that it was a continuous variable. The Rayleigh–Jeans law makes close predictions for a narrow range of values at one limit of temperatures, but the results diverge more and more strongly as temperatures increase. To make Planck's law, which correctly predicts blackbody emissions, it was necessary to multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator. The influence of h in this complex factor would not disappear if it were set to zero or to any other value. Making an equation out of Planck's law that would reproduce the Rayleigh–Jeans law could not be done by changing the values of h, of the Boltzmann constant, or of any other constant or variable in the equation. In this case the picture given by classical physics is not duplicated by a range of results in the quantum picture. Question: Before Planck, it was assumed that the energy of a body could take on what value? Answer: any Question: The Rayleigh-Jeans law makes close predictions for what amount of values? Answer: a narrow range Question: What does Planck's law correctly predict? Answer: blackbody emissions Question: In making Planck's law, what was in both the numerator and denominator of the formula that was used? Answer: h Question: Planck's work disproved what assumption? Answer: that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever Question: What rule predicted narrow range of energy values at lower temperatures? Answer: The Rayleigh–Jeans Question: Planck's law involved what necessary mathematical step to correctly predict blackbody emission? Answer: multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator Question: Changing values of n, the Boltzmann constant, or other variables resulted in learning what about Planck's law? Answer: Making an equation out of Planck's law that would reproduce the Rayleigh–Jeans law could not be done Question: The disparity between Planck's law and the Rayleigh-Jeans law led to what conclusion? Answer: the picture given by classical physics is not duplicated by a range of results in the quantum picture Question: What was assumed that the energy of a body could never take on before Planck? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Rayleigh-Jeans law avoid predictions for in terms of values? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Planck's law incorrectly predict? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What in making Planck's law was in neither the numerator and denominator of the formula that was used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What assumption was confirmed based on Planck's work? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English typically inserts summer into other time zone names, e.g. Central European Time (CET) becomes Central European Summer Time (CEST). Question: What usually changes when a place observes DST? Answer: The name of local time Question: What word does American English swap out for "daylight" when referring to time zones? Answer: standard Question: In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time? Answer: Pacific Daylight Time Question: When the UK changes their clocks forward in the spring, what do they call the time they're then observing? Answer: British Summer Time Question: What word is often added to the names of time zones when used in British English? Answer: summer

Context: Desktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity trackers have also become targets and many of these have sensors such as cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers which could be exploited, and may collect personal information, including sensitive health information. Wifi, Bluetooth, and cell phone network on any of these devices could be used as attack vectors, and sensors might be remotely activated after a successful breach. Question: What are desktop computers and laptops commonly infected with? Answer: malware Question: Constructing a botnet to attack another target is an example of the activity of what? Answer: malware Question: Activity trackers are an example of what? Answer: Quantified Self devices Question: What could wifi, bluetooth, and cellphone network on devices be used as? Answer: attack vectors Question: What could be remotely activated after a sucessful breach? Answer: sensors Question: What do malware programs intend to collect from laptops and computers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the secondary interest of an attacker using malware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do gadgets that have GPS or collect data about your habits put you at risk for an attack? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What could be collected from your devices by an attacker? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses and accelerometers considered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the malware that affects activity trackers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for malware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are Quantified Self Devices breached? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sensitive information do wifi networks carry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of information is rarely collected from a laptop? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, Great Balsam Mountains, and Black Mountains. The Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet (2,037 m) the highest point east of the Mississippi River. Although agriculture still remains important, tourism has become a dominant industry in the mountains. Growing Christmas trees has recently become an important industry as well. Because of the higher altitude, the climate in the mountains often differs markedly from that of the rest of the state. Winter in western North Carolina typically features high snowfall and subfreezing temperatures more akin to those of a midwestern state than of a southern state. Question: The weatern part of North Carolina is part of what mountain range? Answer: Appalachian Mountain range Question: The Great Smokey Mountains and the Black Moutains are subranges of what mountains? Answer: Appalachians Question: What mountains are the highest in the eastern United States? Answer: The Black Mountains Question: What is the name of the highest point east of the Mississippi river? Answer: Mount Mitchell Question: How high is Mt. Mitchell? Answer: 6,684 feet

Context: The test game was played in Rockford, Illinois, at the Rockford MetroCentre. Sponsors were secured, and players and coaches from local colleges were recruited to volunteer to play for the teams, the Chicago Politicians and Rockford Metros, with the guarantee of a tryout should the league take off. Interest was high enough following the initial test game that Foster decided to put on a second, "showcase", game. The second game was held on February 26, 1987 at the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago with a budget of $20,000, up from $4,000 in the test game. Foster also invited ESPN to send a film crew to the game; a highlights package aired on SportsCenter. Question: In what city and state did the arena football test game take place? Answer: Rockford, Illinois Question: At what venue did the test game occur? Answer: Rockford MetroCentre Question: Along with the Rockford Metros, what was the name of the other team that played in the test game? Answer: Chicago Politicians Question: On what date did the second test game take place? Answer: February 26, 1987 Question: The second test game was played in what arena? Answer: Rosemont Horizon

Context: From the 1990s onwards, the predominant approach to constructing phylogenies for living plants has been molecular phylogenetics, which uses molecular characters, particularly DNA sequences, rather than morphological characters like the presence or absence of spines and areoles. The difference is that the genetic code itself is used to decide evolutionary relationships, instead of being used indirectly via the characters it gives rise to. Clive Stace describes this as having "direct access to the genetic basis of evolution." As a simple example, prior to the use of genetic evidence, fungi were thought either to be plants or to be more closely related to plants than animals. Genetic evidence suggests that the true evolutionary relationship of multicelled organisms is as shown in the cladogram below – fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants. Question: What is used now to group plants? Answer: DNA sequences Question: What was previously used to group plants? Answer: morphological characters Question: How is DNA grouping superior? Answer: genetic code itself is used Question: Are fungi more like plants or animals? Answer: closely related to animals Question: When was DNA sequencing first used for grouping plants? Answer: 1990s

Context: In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, large numbers of migrant workers from Romania, Thailand, China, Africa, and South America have settled in Israel. Exact figures are unknown, as many of them are living in the country illegally, but estimates run in the region of 203,000. By June 2012, approximately 60,000 African migrants had entered Israel. About 92% of Israelis live in urban areas. Question: What was Israel's population in 2016? Answer: 8,476,600 Question: How many African migrants entered Israel by June 2012? Answer: 60,000 Question: How many Israelis live in urban areas? Answer: 92%

Context: Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of how material objects will be experienced or perceived: Question: Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year? Answer: 1788-1860 Question: What did he say that the brain would decide? Answer: how material objects will be experienced or perceived Question: Who wrote that "...materialism is not the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself" Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who claimed that a non-observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believed the brain is not a determiner of how material objects are experienced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the brain not decide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does it mean for the brain to be a non-determiner? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first constitution in 1959. Antagonism between the pro-Opangault Mbochis and the pro-Youlou Balalis resulted in a series of riots in Brazzaville in February 1959, which the French Army subdued. Question: When was the Fifth Republic founded? Answer: 1958 Question: What was disbanded in 1958? Answer: the AEF Question: In 1958, what did the Middle Congo change its name to? Answer: the Republic of the Congo Question: When did the Congo establish its first constitution? Answer: 1959 Question: When was the Second Republic established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What established the Third Republic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Republic of the Congo become known as Middle Congo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the Mbochis subdue a riot? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who subdued a series of riots in 1959? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Compared to the vigorous convergent plate mountain-building of the late Paleozoic, Mesozoic tectonic deformation was comparatively mild. The sole major Mesozoic orogeny occurred in what is now the Arctic, creating the Innuitian orogeny, the Brooks Range, the Verkhoyansk and Cherskiy Ranges in Siberia, and the Khingan Mountains in Manchuria. This orogeny was related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and subduction of the North China and Siberian cratons under the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, the era featured the dramatic rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea. Pangaea gradually split into a northern continent, Laurasia, and a southern continent, Gondwana. This created the passive continental margin that characterizes most of the Atlantic coastline (such as along the U.S. East Coast) today. Question: At what time was tectonic formation mild? Answer: Mesozoic Question: Where did the basic geological changes of this period occur? Answer: Arctic Question: What supercontinent split to form two smaller continents? Answer: Pangaea Question: What was the northern continent split from Pangaea? Answer: Laurasia Question: What was Pangaea's southern continent called? Answer: Gondwana Question: At what time was tectonic formation especially active? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the northern continent that combined into Pangaea? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continent split to destroy the passive continental margin near the Atlantic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What destroyed the Innuitian orogeny? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the Theotokos, literally "Giver of birth to God". There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas; namely her status as the mother of God; her Immaculate Conception; her perpetual virginity; and her Assumption into heaven. Many Protestants minimize Mary's role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references. Mary (Maryam) also has a revered position in Islam, where a whole chapter of the Qur'an is devoted to her, also describing the birth of Jesus. Question: What is the literal meaning of Theotokos? Answer: Giver of birth to God Question: Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary? Answer: Protestants Question: What is Mary called in Islam? Answer: Maryam Question: What is the basis for Mary's diminished role in Protestantism? Answer: brevity of biblical references Question: Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God? Answer: Anglican, and Lutheran Question: Which other religion gives sainthood to Mary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which church first considered Mary a saint? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other religious text do Protestants read? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other belief do believers of Islam believe? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: On 8 September 1945, U.S. Lt. Gen. John R. Hodge arrived in Incheon to accept the Japanese surrender south of the 38th parallel. Appointed as military governor, General Hodge directly controlled South Korea as head of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK 1945–48). He established control by restoring to power the key Japanese colonial administrators, but in the face of Korean protests he quickly reversed this decision. The USAMGIK refused to recognize the provisional government of the short-lived People's Republic of Korea (PRK) because it suspected it was communist. Question: Who accepted Japan's surrender? Answer: Gen. John R. Hodge Question: What was General Hodge appointed the head of? Answer: United States Army Military Government in Korea Question: What government was not recognized by the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea? Answer: People's Republic of Korea Question: Why was the People's Republic of Korea not recognized? Answer: it was communist Question: Who did General Hodge restore power to, resulting in protests? Answer: Japanese colonial administrators

Context: Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses, sugarcane, and oilseeds. Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of edible oils in India and the second largest producer of oilseeds. Rajasthan is also the biggest wool-producing state in India and the main opium producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan. Question: The Rajasthan economy is largely composed of what type of industries? Answer: agricultural and pastoral Question: What are Rajasthans two main cash crops? Answer: Cotton and tobacco Question: What type of oil does Rajasthan produce some of the largest amounts of in India? Answer: edible oils Question: Rajasthan consumes the most of what product? Answer: opium Question: How many crop seasons are there in Rajasthan? Answer: two crop seasons Question: How many opium producers are in India? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does the water for cotton and tobacco come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What area produces the most tobacco? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many sugar cane seasons are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Indira Ghandi Canal help produce over large areas? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: No one party to a treaty can impose its particular interpretation of the treaty upon the other parties. Consent may be implied, however, if the other parties fail to explicitly disavow that initially unilateral interpretation, particularly if that state has acted upon its view of the treaty without complaint. Consent by all parties to the treaty to a particular interpretation has the legal effect of adding another clause to the treaty – this is commonly called an 'authentic interpretation'. Question: No one party to a treaty can do what to the other parties? Answer: impose its particular interpretation of the treaty Question: What may be implied of other parties fail to explicitly disavow a party's initially unilateral interpretation of a treaty? Answer: Consent Question: Consent for a party's unilateral interpretation of a treaty may be implied if that state has acted upon its view of the treat without what from another party? Answer: complaint Question: Consent by all parties to a treaty to a particular interpretation of the treaty has what legal effect? Answer: adding another clause to the treaty Question: The legal effect of adding another clause to a treaty that occurs when all parties to a treaty consent to a particular interpretation of the treaty is commonly known as what? Answer: an 'authentic interpretation'

Context: Darwin had initially decided to call his book An abstract of an Essay on the Origin of Species and Varieties Through natural selection, but with Murray's persuasion it was eventually changed to the snappier title: On the Origin of Species, with the title page adding by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Here the term "races" is used as an alternative for "varieties" and does not carry the modern connotation of human races—the first use in the book refers to "the several races, for instance, of the cabbage" and proceeds to a discussion of "the hereditary varieties or races of our domestic animals and plants". Question: What title did Darwin's book ultimately have? Answer: On the Origin of Species Question: What had Darwin wanted to name his book? Answer: An abstract of an Essay on the Origin of Species and Varieties Through natural selection Question: Who convinced Darwin that his book needed a shorter, more compelling title? Answer: Murray Question: What does the word "races" mean as referenced in Darwin's book? Answer: an alternative for "varieties" and does not carry the modern connotation of human races Question: What is the extended name of The Origin of Species that is written on the title page? Answer: by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life

Context: A tile mosaic is a digital image made up of individual tiles, arranged in a non-overlapping fashion, e.g. to make a static image on a shower room or bathing pool floor, by breaking the image down into square pixels formed from ceramic tiles (a typical size is 1 in × 1 in (25 mm × 25 mm), as for example, on the floor of the University of Toronto pool, though sometimes larger tiles such as 2 in × 2 in (51 mm × 51 mm) are used). These digital images are coarse in resolution and often simply express text, such as the depth of the pool in various places, but some such digital images are used to show a sunset or other beach theme. Question: What is the typical size of a ceramic mosaic tile? Answer: 1 in × 1 in Question: What is usually the purpose of a tile mosaic in pools? Answer: express text Question: Where is the most common application of tile mosaics? Answer: on a shower room or bathing pool floor Question: How should the tiles be aligned next to each other? Answer: in a non-overlapping fashion

Context: J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious liberty have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with anti-Catholicism or desire for a secular culture. Of course, separationists have opposed the Catholic Church when it has sought to tap into the public till to support its parochial schools or to argue for on-campus released time in the public schools. But that principled debate on the issues does not support a charge of religious bigotry" Question: Who is the Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee? Answer: J. Brent Walker Question: What does Walker feel does not impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state? Answer: supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent Question: Who have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with a desire for a secular culture? Answer: Champions of religious liberty Question: Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what? Answer: tap into the public till to support its parochial schools Question: What does a principled debate on the issues not support a charge of? Answer: religious bigotry Question: Who is the former Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Walker feel does impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having everything to do with a desire for a secular culture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Separationists agreed with the Catholic church when it sought to do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a principled debate on the issues support a charge of? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the southeast; and to the east, Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County in western Long Island. Directly north of the Bronx are (from west to east) the adjoining Westchester County communities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Pelham Manor and New Rochelle. (There is also a short southern land boundary with Marble Hill in the Borough of Manhattan, over the filled-in former course of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Marble Hill's postal ZIP code, telephonic Area Code and fire service, however, are shared with the Bronx and not Manhattan.) Question: What's on the other side of the Hudson from the Bronx? Answer: Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs Question: What county is Tenafly in? Answer: Bergen County Question: What state is Alpine in? Answer: New Jersey Question: What's on the other side of the Harlem River from the Bronx? Answer: Manhattan Question: What's on the other side of the East River from the Bronx? Answer: Queens

Context: The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power "To coin money". Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112. Section 5112 prescribes the forms, in which the United States dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as "legal tender" in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent to 50 dollars. These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. Question: Who has the power "to coin money"? Answer: United States Congress Question: Which section indicates the methods in which the dollar should be issued? Answer: 5112 Question: Coins are considered legal tender for which kind of transaction? Answer: payment of debts Question: What is an example of a copper alloy dollar? Answer: Sacagawea dollar Question: What is the pure silver dollar referred to as? Answer: American Silver Eagle Question: Who has the power "to tender money"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which section indicates the methods in which coins should be issued? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Coins are considered illegal tender for which type of transactions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a silver alloy debt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the impure silver dollar referred to as? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time. French tactics emphasised the defensive use of the Chassepot rifle in trench-warfare style fighting—the so-called feu de bataillon. The artillery was equipped with rifled, muzzle-loaded La Hitte guns. The army also possessed a precursor to the machine-gun: the mitrailleuse, which could unleash significant, concentrated firepower but nevertheless lacked range and was comparatively immobile, and thus prone to being easily overrun. The mitrailleuse was mounted on an artillery gun carriage and grouped in batteries in a similar fashion to cannon. Question: What modern, mass-produced weapon were the French infantry provided? Answer: Chassepot rifle Question: What was the maximum effective range of the Chassepot rifle? Answer: 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) Question: In which type of warfare did the French best utilize the Chassepot? Answer: trench-warfare Question: What precedent of the machine gun did the French troops also possess? Answer: the mitrailleuse Question: On what was the mitrailleuse mounted? Answer: on an artillery gun carriage