text
stringlengths 381
14.6k
| tokens
sequencelengths 71
2.42k
| ner_tags
sequencelengths 71
2.42k
| entity_mentions
listlengths 0
90
| language
stringclasses 1
value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anamnesis
This is a 75-year-old woman at the time of first consultation (January 2017), with no known allergies, no toxic habits or cardiovascular risk factors, and with a relevant personal history of hypothyroidism on replacement therapy. His family medical or oncological history includes a mother who died of colorectal carcinoma at the age of 70.
Her oncological history began in January 2017 when she consulted the Digestive Department for a history of dyspepsia of several months' duration. An ultrasound scan of the abdomen and complete blood tests were performed, with no significant findings except for elevated GGT and AF, which led to colonoscopy and gastroscopy, which showed no pathology, and abdominal computed tomography (CT), which revealed several indeterminate hepatic space-occupying lesions (LOE) in segment II (31 mm) and others between segments V and V (6-8 mm) suspected of secondary deposits. In view of the findings, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRI) and hepatic MRI were performed, confirming the presence of lesions suspicious of secondary deposits, the largest measuring 47 mm, and the rest of the lesions were indeterminate.
During the diagnostic process, a nodule was palpated in the lower left quadrant of the left breast, and mammography and ultrasound were requested, which revealed a nodule suspicious of malignancy (BIRADS 4c), so a core needle biopsy (CNB) of the left breast was performed in June 2017 with the anatomopathological result (AP) of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. She underwent surgery in July 2017 by wide quadrantectomy with free margins, with selective biopsy of the sentinel lymph node (BSGC), identifying 2 adenopathies, one of them positive by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins. The definitive PA is: 1.3 cm infiltrating ductal carcinoma, moderately differentiated, grade II, oestrogen receptor (ER) 95%, progesterone receptor (PR) 90%, Ki 67 12%, HER-2 negative. TNM pT1cpN0(i+)(sn).
The patient persists with symptoms of dyspepsia and abdominal pain, so she was admitted in July 2017 to the Digestive Department and subsequently to Medical Oncology to complete her work-up.
Physical examination
Physical examination on admission revealed an acceptable general condition, ECOG 0. No lymphadenopathy in the laterocervical or supraclavicular regions. Breast asymmetry with scar in the lower-internal quadrant of the left breast with no signs of complication. There were no palpable nodules in both breasts or axillary adenopathies. No masses or visceromegaly were palpable. The rest of the examination showed no findings.
Complementary tests
During admission to Medical Oncology, the following complementary tests were performed:
"Tumour markers: negative.
"Hepatotropic virus serology: negative.
"Oncological positron emission tomography (PET): known hepatic lesion in segment II, non-specific from the metabolic point of view. No other significant findings.
"Liver ultrasound: focal hepatic lesion in segment II suspicious for malignancy, with necrotic or fibrotic lesion behaviour (metastasis, cholangiocarcinoma, fibrotic lesion) that has grown discreetly with respect to the initial CT scan, the smaller lesions remain non-specific.
"Fine needle aspiration-fine needle aspiration (FNA) and BAG: connective tissue with extensive coagulative necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. Summary: inconclusive cytology.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast pT1c pN0 (i+) and suspected metastatic lesion in the left hepatic lobe (one single suspicious lesion and two undetermined lesions).
Treatment
It was decided to present the patient to a multidisciplinary tumour committee to assess the resection of the hepatic LOE and complete the anatomopathological study.
She underwent surgery by General Surgery on 21/8/2017, with resection of two lesions in segment V-VI of the liver and laparoscopic hepatic segmentectomy II-III, and was discharged without complications.
Evolution
The definitive PA of the hepatic lesions was as follows: subcapsular hepatic segments with necrotic eosinophilic hepatic nodules with the presence of degenerated parasite eggs in the necrotic material. No signs of malignancy were seen.
Finally, in view of the AP findings, serology for parasites was requested, being positive for Fasciola hepatica, so she started treatment with triclabendazole in November 2017, with good response to it without relevant toxicities. In the anamnesis, the patient reported being a regular consumer of wild watercress.
After liver surgery, the patient began adjuvant radiotherapy treatment (RT) between 11/09/2017 and 17/10/2017, with a dose of 50 Gy in 25 sessions at 2 Gy/session in the left breast. She has started adjuvant hormonal treatment with which they are currently maintained.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"This",
"is",
"a",
"75-year-old",
"woman",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"first",
"consultation",
"(",
"January",
"2017",
")",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"allergies",
",",
"no",
"toxic",
"habits",
"or",
"cardiovascular",
"risk",
"factors",
",",
"and",
"with",
"a",
"relevant",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"hypothyroidism",
"on",
"replacement",
"therapy",
".",
"His",
"family",
"medical",
"or",
"oncological",
"history",
"includes",
"a",
"mother",
"who",
"died",
"of",
"colorectal",
"carcinoma",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"70",
".",
"Her",
"oncological",
"history",
"began",
"in",
"January",
"2017",
"when",
"she",
"consulted",
"the",
"Digestive",
"Department",
"for",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"dyspepsia",
"of",
"several",
"months",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"An",
"ultrasound",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"and",
"complete",
"blood",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"no",
"significant",
"findings",
"except",
"for",
"elevated",
"GGT",
"and",
"AF",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"colonoscopy",
"and",
"gastroscopy",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"pathology",
",",
"and",
"abdominal",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"several",
"indeterminate",
"hepatic",
"space-occupying",
"lesions",
"(",
"LOE",
")",
"in",
"segment",
"II",
"(",
"31",
"mm",
")",
"and",
"others",
"between",
"segments",
"V",
"and",
"V",
"(",
"6-8",
"mm",
")",
"suspected",
"of",
"secondary",
"deposits",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"findings",
",",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"cholangiography",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"and",
"hepatic",
"MRI",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"confirming",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"lesions",
"suspicious",
"of",
"secondary",
"deposits",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"measuring",
"47",
"mm",
",",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
"were",
"indeterminate",
".",
"During",
"the",
"diagnostic",
"process",
",",
"a",
"nodule",
"was",
"palpated",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"left",
"quadrant",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
",",
"and",
"mammography",
"and",
"ultrasound",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"a",
"nodule",
"suspicious",
"of",
"malignancy",
"(",
"BIRADS",
"4c",
")",
",",
"so",
"a",
"core",
"needle",
"biopsy",
"(",
"CNB",
")",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"June",
"2017",
"with",
"the",
"anatomopathological",
"result",
"(",
"AP",
")",
"of",
"infiltrating",
"ductal",
"carcinoma",
".",
"She",
"underwent",
"surgery",
"in",
"July",
"2017",
"by",
"wide",
"quadrantectomy",
"with",
"free",
"margins",
",",
"with",
"selective",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"sentinel",
"lymph",
"node",
"(",
"BSGC",
")",
",",
"identifying",
"2",
"adenopathies",
",",
"one",
"of",
"them",
"positive",
"by",
"immunohistochemistry",
"for",
"cytokeratins",
".",
"The",
"definitive",
"PA",
"is",
":",
"1",
".",
"3",
"cm",
"infiltrating",
"ductal",
"carcinoma",
",",
"moderately",
"differentiated",
",",
"grade",
"II",
",",
"oestrogen",
"receptor",
"(",
"ER",
")",
"95",
"%",
",",
"progesterone",
"receptor",
"(",
"PR",
")",
"90",
"%",
",",
"Ki",
"67",
"12",
"%",
",",
"HER-2",
"negative",
".",
"TNM",
"pT1cpN0",
"(",
"i",
"+",
")",
"(",
"sn",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"persists",
"with",
"symptoms",
"of",
"dyspepsia",
"and",
"abdominal",
"pain",
",",
"so",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
"in",
"July",
"2017",
"to",
"the",
"Digestive",
"Department",
"and",
"subsequently",
"to",
"Medical",
"Oncology",
"to",
"complete",
"her",
"work-up",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Physical",
"examination",
"on",
"admission",
"revealed",
"an",
"acceptable",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"ECOG",
"0",
".",
"No",
"lymphadenopathy",
"in",
"the",
"laterocervical",
"or",
"supraclavicular",
"regions",
".",
"Breast",
"asymmetry",
"with",
"scar",
"in",
"the",
"lower-internal",
"quadrant",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"complication",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"palpable",
"nodules",
"in",
"both",
"breasts",
"or",
"axillary",
"adenopathies",
".",
"No",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
"were",
"palpable",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"showed",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"During",
"admission",
"to",
"Medical",
"Oncology",
",",
"the",
"following",
"complementary",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
":",
"\"",
"Tumour",
"markers",
":",
"negative",
".",
"\"",
"Hepatotropic",
"virus",
"serology",
":",
"negative",
".",
"\"",
"Oncological",
"positron",
"emission",
"tomography",
"(",
"PET",
")",
":",
"known",
"hepatic",
"lesion",
"in",
"segment",
"II",
",",
"non-specific",
"from",
"the",
"metabolic",
"point",
"of",
"view",
".",
"No",
"other",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"\"",
"Liver",
"ultrasound",
":",
"focal",
"hepatic",
"lesion",
"in",
"segment",
"II",
"suspicious",
"for",
"malignancy",
",",
"with",
"necrotic",
"or",
"fibrotic",
"lesion",
"behaviour",
"(",
"metastasis",
",",
"cholangiocarcinoma",
",",
"fibrotic",
"lesion",
")",
"that",
"has",
"grown",
"discreetly",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"the",
"initial",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"the",
"smaller",
"lesions",
"remain",
"non-specific",
".",
"\"",
"Fine",
"needle",
"aspiration-fine",
"needle",
"aspiration",
"(",
"FNA",
")",
"and",
"BAG",
":",
"connective",
"tissue",
"with",
"extensive",
"coagulative",
"necrosis",
",",
"inflammatory",
"infiltrate",
"and",
"fibrosis",
".",
"Summary",
":",
"inconclusive",
"cytology",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Diagnosis",
"of",
"infiltrating",
"ductal",
"carcinoma",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
"pT1c",
"pN0",
"(",
"i",
"+",
")",
"and",
"suspected",
"metastatic",
"lesion",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hepatic",
"lobe",
"(",
"one",
"single",
"suspicious",
"lesion",
"and",
"two",
"undetermined",
"lesions",
")",
".",
"Treatment",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"present",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"a",
"multidisciplinary",
"tumour",
"committee",
"to",
"assess",
"the",
"resection",
"of",
"the",
"hepatic",
"LOE",
"and",
"complete",
"the",
"anatomopathological",
"study",
".",
"She",
"underwent",
"surgery",
"by",
"General",
"Surgery",
"on",
"21",
"/",
"8",
"/",
"2017",
",",
"with",
"resection",
"of",
"two",
"lesions",
"in",
"segment",
"V-VI",
"of",
"the",
"liver",
"and",
"laparoscopic",
"hepatic",
"segmentectomy",
"II-III",
",",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"without",
"complications",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"definitive",
"PA",
"of",
"the",
"hepatic",
"lesions",
"was",
"as",
"follows",
":",
"subcapsular",
"hepatic",
"segments",
"with",
"necrotic",
"eosinophilic",
"hepatic",
"nodules",
"with",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"degenerated",
"parasite",
"eggs",
"in",
"the",
"necrotic",
"material",
".",
"No",
"signs",
"of",
"malignancy",
"were",
"seen",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"AP",
"findings",
",",
"serology",
"for",
"parasites",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"being",
"positive",
"for",
"Fasciola",
"hepatica",
",",
"so",
"she",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"triclabendazole",
"in",
"November",
"2017",
",",
"with",
"good",
"response",
"to",
"it",
"without",
"relevant",
"toxicities",
".",
"In",
"the",
"anamnesis",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"being",
"a",
"regular",
"consumer",
"of",
"wild",
"watercress",
".",
"After",
"liver",
"surgery",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"adjuvant",
"radiotherapy",
"treatment",
"(",
"RT",
")",
"between",
"11",
"/",
"09",
"/",
"2017",
"and",
"17",
"/",
"10",
"/",
"2017",
",",
"with",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"50",
"Gy",
"in",
"25",
"sessions",
"at",
"2",
"Gy",
"/",
"session",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
".",
"She",
"has",
"started",
"adjuvant",
"hormonal",
"treatment",
"with",
"which",
"they",
"are",
"currently",
"maintained",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 244,
"end": 250
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 293,
"end": 299
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 32,
"end": 37
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 181,
"end": 189
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1956,
"end": 1963
},
{
"text": "Hepatotropic virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2726,
"end": 2744
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3638,
"end": 3645
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4149,
"end": 4157
},
{
"text": "parasite eggs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4149,
"end": 4162
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4476,
"end": 4483
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4273,
"end": 4282
},
{
"text": "Fasciola hepatica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4317,
"end": 4334
},
{
"text": "wild watercress",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4521,
"end": 4536
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4563,
"end": 4570
}
] | en |
A 71-year-old man with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and a smoker for 30 years (20 cigarettes a day) came to the emergency department with a dry cough, mild dyspnoea and a fever of 38°C which did not improve with paracetamol, of one week's duration. Two weeks earlier he had returned to Mexico City from Miami. On the day of admission, his dyspnoea worsened and he suffered from intense myalgia and arthralgia, especially in the legs.
On initial evaluation, the patient reported general weakness and malaise. He reported no nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, urinary or neurological symptoms. He had taken no medication except paracetamol (750 mg every 8 hours to control fever). He had no known allergies.
Physical examination showed a blood pressure of 120/68 mmHg, pulse of 90 bpm and respiratory rate of 22 bpm. Temperature was 36.5 °C and oxygen saturation was 84% on room air. He was conscious and oriented, but his speech was slow and slurred. A cardiopulmonary examination revealed rales in both lung bases, but no signs of respiratory distress. Otherwise, the physical examination was normal.
Blood tests showed a normal white blood cell count with lymphocytopenia (0.85 × 109/L), haemoglobin concentration of 161 g/L and mild thrombocytopenia (118 000 × 109/L). His creatinine value was high at 1.68 mg/dL, and C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were also elevated at 2.9 mg/dL and 2.89 ng/mL, respectively. Increased interleukin 6 (233 pg/mL) was also observed. Muscle enzymes were clearly high (creatine phosphokinase at 8720 U/L and myoglobin at 2079 ng/mL). Ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase values were also high (at 2603 ng/mL and 541 U/L, respectively). A urinalysis showed haemoglobin with no erythrocytes in the sediment. A nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. A multiplex PCR for respiratory viruses and HIV was negative. A CT scan of the lung revealed bilateral infiltrates with areas of consolidation and extensive ground-glass opacities.
The patient was admitted to the COVID-19 ward and oxygen was administered via nasal cannula. Aggressive hydration and bicarbonate therapy was started, as well as enoxaparin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone. The patient agreed to compassionate therapy, so hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir were started. His condition worsened on the third day of hospitalisation and he required invasive mechanical ventilation. Over the next two days, his condition continued to worsen, with fever, hypotension and high ventilation requirements. His C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 values also increased (to 26.9 mg/dL and 275 pg/mL, respectively). His family agreed to a compassionate regimen of tocilizumab. Accordingly, two doses of 400 mg tocilizumab i.v. were administered on days 5 and 6 of admission.
On the seventh day of admission his condition started to improve and he showed a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin values. He was extubated on the 12th day of admission. His clinical condition continued to improve and, after a negative SARS-CoV-2 test, he was discharged on day 16 after admission.
| [
"",
"A",
"71-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"benign",
"prostatic",
"hyperplasia",
"and",
"a",
"smoker",
"for",
"30",
"years",
"(",
"20",
"cigarettes",
"a",
"day",
")",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"a",
"dry",
"cough",
",",
"mild",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"38",
"°",
"C",
"which",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
"with",
"paracetamol",
",",
"of",
"one",
"week",
"'",
"s",
"duration",
".",
"Two",
"weeks",
"earlier",
"he",
"had",
"returned",
"to",
"Mexico",
"City",
"from",
"Miami",
".",
"On",
"the",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"his",
"dyspnoea",
"worsened",
"and",
"he",
"suffered",
"from",
"intense",
"myalgia",
"and",
"arthralgia",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"the",
"legs",
".",
"On",
"initial",
"evaluation",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"general",
"weakness",
"and",
"malaise",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"no",
"nausea",
",",
"vomiting",
",",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"urinary",
"or",
"neurological",
"symptoms",
".",
"He",
"had",
"taken",
"no",
"medication",
"except",
"paracetamol",
"(",
"750",
"mg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"to",
"control",
"fever",
")",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"known",
"allergies",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"showed",
"a",
"blood",
"pressure",
"of",
"120",
"/",
"68",
"mmHg",
",",
"pulse",
"of",
"90",
"bpm",
"and",
"respiratory",
"rate",
"of",
"22",
"bpm",
".",
"Temperature",
"was",
"36",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
"and",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"was",
"84",
"%",
"on",
"room",
"air",
".",
"He",
"was",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
",",
"but",
"his",
"speech",
"was",
"slow",
"and",
"slurred",
".",
"A",
"cardiopulmonary",
"examination",
"revealed",
"rales",
"in",
"both",
"lung",
"bases",
",",
"but",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"respiratory",
"distress",
".",
"Otherwise",
",",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"a",
"normal",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
"with",
"lymphocytopenia",
"(",
"0",
".",
"85",
"×",
"109",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"haemoglobin",
"concentration",
"of",
"161",
"g",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"mild",
"thrombocytopenia",
"(",
"118",
"000",
"×",
"109",
"/",
"L",
")",
".",
"His",
"creatinine",
"value",
"was",
"high",
"at",
"1",
".",
"68",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"and",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
"were",
"also",
"elevated",
"at",
"2",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"and",
"2",
".",
"89",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"Increased",
"interleukin",
"6",
"(",
"233",
"pg",
"/",
"mL",
")",
"was",
"also",
"observed",
".",
"Muscle",
"enzymes",
"were",
"clearly",
"high",
"(",
"creatine",
"phosphokinase",
"at",
"8720",
"U",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"myoglobin",
"at",
"2079",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
")",
".",
"Ferritin",
"and",
"lactate",
"dehydrogenase",
"values",
"were",
"also",
"high",
"(",
"at",
"2603",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
"and",
"541",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"respectively",
")",
".",
"A",
"urinalysis",
"showed",
"haemoglobin",
"with",
"no",
"erythrocytes",
"in",
"the",
"sediment",
".",
"A",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"A",
"multiplex",
"PCR",
"for",
"respiratory",
"viruses",
"and",
"HIV",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"A",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"lung",
"revealed",
"bilateral",
"infiltrates",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"consolidation",
"and",
"extensive",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"COVID-19",
"ward",
"and",
"oxygen",
"was",
"administered",
"via",
"nasal",
"cannula",
".",
"Aggressive",
"hydration",
"and",
"bicarbonate",
"therapy",
"was",
"started",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"enoxaparin",
",",
"azithromycin",
"and",
"ceftriaxone",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"agreed",
"to",
"compassionate",
"therapy",
",",
"so",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"and",
"lopinavir",
"/",
"ritonavir",
"were",
"started",
".",
"His",
"condition",
"worsened",
"on",
"the",
"third",
"day",
"of",
"hospitalisation",
"and",
"he",
"required",
"invasive",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
".",
"Over",
"the",
"next",
"two",
"days",
",",
"his",
"condition",
"continued",
"to",
"worsen",
",",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"hypotension",
"and",
"high",
"ventilation",
"requirements",
".",
"His",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"and",
"interleukin-6",
"values",
"also",
"increased",
"(",
"to",
"26",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"and",
"275",
"pg",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"respectively",
")",
".",
"His",
"family",
"agreed",
"to",
"a",
"compassionate",
"regimen",
"of",
"tocilizumab",
".",
"Accordingly",
",",
"two",
"doses",
"of",
"400",
"mg",
"tocilizumab",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"were",
"administered",
"on",
"days",
"5",
"and",
"6",
"of",
"admission",
".",
"On",
"the",
"seventh",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
"his",
"condition",
"started",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"he",
"showed",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"lactate",
"dehydrogenase",
",",
"ferritin",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
"values",
".",
"He",
"was",
"extubated",
"on",
"the",
"12th",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
".",
"His",
"clinical",
"condition",
"continued",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
",",
"after",
"a",
"negative",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"test",
",",
"he",
"was",
"discharged",
"on",
"day",
"16",
"after",
"admission",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 475,
"end": 482
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1777,
"end": 1787
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1846,
"end": 1849
},
{
"text": "respiratory viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1822,
"end": 1841
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2630,
"end": 2636
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1987,
"end": 1994
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2191,
"end": 2198
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3069,
"end": 3079
}
] | en |
32-year-old male, no allergies, smoker of 10 cigarettes a day and cannabis, occasional drinker. Denies consumption of other intoxicants. History of affective and personality disorder, with manic episodes and previous admissions to the acute psychiatric unit, under treatment with clonazepam, sertraline and quetiapine.
HIV infection through homosexual transmission, diagnosed in another centre in 2007, as a result of a genital ulcer compatible with primary syphilitic chancre, with positive syphilis serology. He was treated with intramuscular penicillin, confirming serological cure. At diagnosis: basal CD4+ lymphocytes 920 cells/mm. We do not know the baseline viral load, but we do know that he had baseline resistances: L100I and R41K. HLAB57 negative. She did not start antiretroviral treatment as she had more than 500 CD4+ lymphocytes, attended regular check-ups, and was subsequently treated for a second episode of early latent syphilis. In mid-2014 he moved to our city and came for consultation for assessment. At that time he was asymptomatic with a normal clinical examination. He refers to a stable partner who lives in Madrid. He has not had any opportunistic infections during this time. His immunological status was re-evaluated: viral load 58,079 copies/ml and CD4+ lymphocytes 502 cells/mm3 (18%). The following was requested: complete blood tests with urine analysis, with no alterations; serology for hepatotropic viruses (HCV negative, HBV and HAV immunised); IgG for toxoplasma negative and IgG for cytomegalovirus positive (compatible with past infection); lúes with non-reactive RPR. At that time, the patient was advised to start antiretroviral treatment and a new resistance study was requested, which showed no new mutations with respect to the previous one. Taking into account his immunological situation, baseline resistance and possible drug interactions, mainly with antipsychotic medication, it was decided to start abacavir with lamivudine and dolutegravir, with good tolerance and efficacy, achieving an undetectable viral load after four weeks.
Subsequently, he was seen in the Digestive System Department for rectal discomfort that had started about two weeks earlier and consisted of significant pain in the rectal region and anus, especially when defecating, with stools of smaller than usual size, and rectorrhagia that had been progressing. There was no fever or general symptoms, nor were there any serious clinical data. On examination, she had a painful rectal examination, with no visible lesions; no genital ulcers or lymphadenopathies, and no other findings of note, either locally or in other locations. They decided to perform a rectoscopy which showed evidence of intense ulcerative proctitis, and a biopsy was taken with the anatomopathological findings of: "fragments of large intestine mucosa with chronic inflammation and granulation tissue showing viral cytopathic changes in some endothelial cells with positive immunostaining for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)". With the results of the diagnostic tests, he is referred for treatment.
Differential diagnosis
The patient consults for rectal symptoms. Anorectal pathology is a relatively frequent entity in HIV patients, particularly in homosexual males who practice receptive anal sex, usually due to trauma or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with the most common findings being perirectal abscesses, anal fistulas, anal warts, non-specific ulcers, infectious proctitis, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (associated with human papillomavirus) and anal cancer. Much less frequently, these symptoms may not be associated with sexual practice and may be an expression of an inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. In this case, the rectoscopy showed an inflammation of the rectal mucosa or proctitis, which, given the patient's history (HIV infection and treated for syphilis twice), points to an STI. The germs that cause infectious proctitis are varied, and bacteria, viruses or protozoa may be involved in its aetiology. Of these, the most common are: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes simplex virus and Treponema pallidum. Although they may present asymptomatically, in most cases they cause a clinical picture similar to that presented by the patient (intense anal pain, mainly on defecation, usually associated with bleeding and rectal tenesmus, with the absence of general symptoms), and this does not usually provide specific data to help in the aetiological diagnosis. However, the differential diagnosis includes CMV infection, which is the germ found in the rectal biopsy and which can also cause proctitis, although it is a very uncommon cause. Less likely in our case would be other germs such as Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Entamoeba histolytica (generally in gastrointestinal infections, not compatible with the patient's symptoms) and Clostridium difficile (usually in relation to previous antibiotherapy, which he had not taken). The usual culture, parasite study and detection of Clostridium toxin are generally sufficient for the diagnosis of these entities. Therefore, the question that arises is: is CMV really involved in the current picture or was it a chance finding?
Evolution
On re-historying the patient, he reported receptive anal intercourse without a condom with his partner who lives in Madrid. At that time it was decided not to start treatment for CMV and the diagnostic study was extended in search of other germs more frequently implicated and which, in turn, produce compatible symptoms. To this end, the following was requested: detection of genetic material by rectal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for herpes, gonococcus and chlamydia, as well as gonococcal culture and syphilis serology. These tests are routinely indicated in the evaluation of all patients with infectious proctitis and suspected STIs, as co-infection by several germs at the same time has been described. After sampling, empirical treatment was prescribed with a dose of ceftriaxone 1 gram intramuscularly and oral doxycycline at a dose of 100 mg every 12 hours for 21 days, with complete disappearance of symptoms a few days after starting treatment. The results of the requested tests showed a positive PCR for C. trachomatis (performed by real-time PCR system), with the rest of the studies negative.
Final diagnosis
Given the clinical context, microbiological findings and favourable response to treatment, the patient was finally diagnosed with: INFECTIOUS PROCTITIS DUE TO CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS
| [
"32-year-old",
"male",
",",
"no",
"allergies",
",",
"smoker",
"of",
"10",
"cigarettes",
"a",
"day",
"and",
"cannabis",
",",
"occasional",
"drinker",
".",
"Denies",
"consumption",
"of",
"other",
"intoxicants",
".",
"History",
"of",
"affective",
"and",
"personality",
"disorder",
",",
"with",
"manic",
"episodes",
"and",
"previous",
"admissions",
"to",
"the",
"acute",
"psychiatric",
"unit",
",",
"under",
"treatment",
"with",
"clonazepam",
",",
"sertraline",
"and",
"quetiapine",
".",
"HIV",
"infection",
"through",
"homosexual",
"transmission",
",",
"diagnosed",
"in",
"another",
"centre",
"in",
"2007",
",",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"a",
"genital",
"ulcer",
"compatible",
"with",
"primary",
"syphilitic",
"chancre",
",",
"with",
"positive",
"syphilis",
"serology",
".",
"He",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"intramuscular",
"penicillin",
",",
"confirming",
"serological",
"cure",
".",
"At",
"diagnosis",
":",
"basal",
"CD4",
"+",
"lymphocytes",
"920",
"cells",
"/",
"mm",
".",
"We",
"do",
"not",
"know",
"the",
"baseline",
"viral",
"load",
",",
"but",
"we",
"do",
"know",
"that",
"he",
"had",
"baseline",
"resistances",
":",
"L100I",
"and",
"R41K",
".",
"HLAB57",
"negative",
".",
"She",
"did",
"not",
"start",
"antiretroviral",
"treatment",
"as",
"she",
"had",
"more",
"than",
"500",
"CD4",
"+",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"attended",
"regular",
"check-ups",
",",
"and",
"was",
"subsequently",
"treated",
"for",
"a",
"second",
"episode",
"of",
"early",
"latent",
"syphilis",
".",
"In",
"mid-2014",
"he",
"moved",
"to",
"our",
"city",
"and",
"came",
"for",
"consultation",
"for",
"assessment",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
"he",
"was",
"asymptomatic",
"with",
"a",
"normal",
"clinical",
"examination",
".",
"He",
"refers",
"to",
"a",
"stable",
"partner",
"who",
"lives",
"in",
"Madrid",
".",
"He",
"has",
"not",
"had",
"any",
"opportunistic",
"infections",
"during",
"this",
"time",
".",
"His",
"immunological",
"status",
"was",
"re-evaluated",
":",
"viral",
"load",
"58",
",",
"079",
"copies",
"/",
"ml",
"and",
"CD4",
"+",
"lymphocytes",
"502",
"cells",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"18",
"%",
")",
".",
"The",
"following",
"was",
"requested",
":",
"complete",
"blood",
"tests",
"with",
"urine",
"analysis",
",",
"with",
"no",
"alterations",
";",
"serology",
"for",
"hepatotropic",
"viruses",
"(",
"HCV",
"negative",
",",
"HBV",
"and",
"HAV",
"immunised",
")",
";",
"IgG",
"for",
"toxoplasma",
"negative",
"and",
"IgG",
"for",
"cytomegalovirus",
"positive",
"(",
"compatible",
"with",
"past",
"infection",
")",
";",
"lúes",
"with",
"non-reactive",
"RPR",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"advised",
"to",
"start",
"antiretroviral",
"treatment",
"and",
"a",
"new",
"resistance",
"study",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"new",
"mutations",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
".",
"Taking",
"into",
"account",
"his",
"immunological",
"situation",
",",
"baseline",
"resistance",
"and",
"possible",
"drug",
"interactions",
",",
"mainly",
"with",
"antipsychotic",
"medication",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"abacavir",
"with",
"lamivudine",
"and",
"dolutegravir",
",",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
"and",
"efficacy",
",",
"achieving",
"an",
"undetectable",
"viral",
"load",
"after",
"four",
"weeks",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"he",
"was",
"seen",
"in",
"the",
"Digestive",
"System",
"Department",
"for",
"rectal",
"discomfort",
"that",
"had",
"started",
"about",
"two",
"weeks",
"earlier",
"and",
"consisted",
"of",
"significant",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"rectal",
"region",
"and",
"anus",
",",
"especially",
"when",
"defecating",
",",
"with",
"stools",
"of",
"smaller",
"than",
"usual",
"size",
",",
"and",
"rectorrhagia",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"progressing",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"fever",
"or",
"general",
"symptoms",
",",
"nor",
"were",
"there",
"any",
"serious",
"clinical",
"data",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"she",
"had",
"a",
"painful",
"rectal",
"examination",
",",
"with",
"no",
"visible",
"lesions",
";",
"no",
"genital",
"ulcers",
"or",
"lymphadenopathies",
",",
"and",
"no",
"other",
"findings",
"of",
"note",
",",
"either",
"locally",
"or",
"in",
"other",
"locations",
".",
"They",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"rectoscopy",
"which",
"showed",
"evidence",
"of",
"intense",
"ulcerative",
"proctitis",
",",
"and",
"a",
"biopsy",
"was",
"taken",
"with",
"the",
"anatomopathological",
"findings",
"of",
":",
"\"",
"fragments",
"of",
"large",
"intestine",
"mucosa",
"with",
"chronic",
"inflammation",
"and",
"granulation",
"tissue",
"showing",
"viral",
"cytopathic",
"changes",
"in",
"some",
"endothelial",
"cells",
"with",
"positive",
"immunostaining",
"for",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"(",
"CMV",
")",
"\"",
".",
"With",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"diagnostic",
"tests",
",",
"he",
"is",
"referred",
"for",
"treatment",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"patient",
"consults",
"for",
"rectal",
"symptoms",
".",
"Anorectal",
"pathology",
"is",
"a",
"relatively",
"frequent",
"entity",
"in",
"HIV",
"patients",
",",
"particularly",
"in",
"homosexual",
"males",
"who",
"practice",
"receptive",
"anal",
"sex",
",",
"usually",
"due",
"to",
"trauma",
"or",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"infections",
"(",
"STIs",
")",
",",
"with",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"findings",
"being",
"perirectal",
"abscesses",
",",
"anal",
"fistulas",
",",
"anal",
"warts",
",",
"non-specific",
"ulcers",
",",
"infectious",
"proctitis",
",",
"anal",
"intraepithelial",
"neoplasia",
"(",
"associated",
"with",
"human",
"papillomavirus",
")",
"and",
"anal",
"cancer",
".",
"Much",
"less",
"frequently",
",",
"these",
"symptoms",
"may",
"not",
"be",
"associated",
"with",
"sexual",
"practice",
"and",
"may",
"be",
"an",
"expression",
"of",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"bowel",
"disease",
",",
"such",
"as",
"ulcerative",
"colitis",
"or",
"Crohn",
"'",
"s",
"disease",
".",
"In",
"this",
"case",
",",
"the",
"rectoscopy",
"showed",
"an",
"inflammation",
"of",
"the",
"rectal",
"mucosa",
"or",
"proctitis",
",",
"which",
",",
"given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"history",
"(",
"HIV",
"infection",
"and",
"treated",
"for",
"syphilis",
"twice",
")",
",",
"points",
"to",
"an",
"STI",
".",
"The",
"germs",
"that",
"cause",
"infectious",
"proctitis",
"are",
"varied",
",",
"and",
"bacteria",
",",
"viruses",
"or",
"protozoa",
"may",
"be",
"involved",
"in",
"its",
"aetiology",
".",
"Of",
"these",
",",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"are",
":",
"Neisseria",
"gonorrhoeae",
",",
"Chlamydia",
"trachomatis",
",",
"Herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
"and",
"Treponema",
"pallidum",
".",
"Although",
"they",
"may",
"present",
"asymptomatically",
",",
"in",
"most",
"cases",
"they",
"cause",
"a",
"clinical",
"picture",
"similar",
"to",
"that",
"presented",
"by",
"the",
"patient",
"(",
"intense",
"anal",
"pain",
",",
"mainly",
"on",
"defecation",
",",
"usually",
"associated",
"with",
"bleeding",
"and",
"rectal",
"tenesmus",
",",
"with",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"general",
"symptoms",
")",
",",
"and",
"this",
"does",
"not",
"usually",
"provide",
"specific",
"data",
"to",
"help",
"in",
"the",
"aetiological",
"diagnosis",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"includes",
"CMV",
"infection",
",",
"which",
"is",
"the",
"germ",
"found",
"in",
"the",
"rectal",
"biopsy",
"and",
"which",
"can",
"also",
"cause",
"proctitis",
",",
"although",
"it",
"is",
"a",
"very",
"uncommon",
"cause",
".",
"Less",
"likely",
"in",
"our",
"case",
"would",
"be",
"other",
"germs",
"such",
"as",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
",",
"Shigella",
"spp",
",",
"Entamoeba",
"histolytica",
"(",
"generally",
"in",
"gastrointestinal",
"infections",
",",
"not",
"compatible",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"symptoms",
")",
"and",
"Clostridium",
"difficile",
"(",
"usually",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"previous",
"antibiotherapy",
",",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"not",
"taken",
")",
".",
"The",
"usual",
"culture",
",",
"parasite",
"study",
"and",
"detection",
"of",
"Clostridium",
"toxin",
"are",
"generally",
"sufficient",
"for",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"these",
"entities",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"the",
"question",
"that",
"arises",
"is",
":",
"is",
"CMV",
"really",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"current",
"picture",
"or",
"was",
"it",
"a",
"chance",
"finding",
"?",
"Evolution",
"On",
"re-historying",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"he",
"reported",
"receptive",
"anal",
"intercourse",
"without",
"a",
"condom",
"with",
"his",
"partner",
"who",
"lives",
"in",
"Madrid",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"not",
"to",
"start",
"treatment",
"for",
"CMV",
"and",
"the",
"diagnostic",
"study",
"was",
"extended",
"in",
"search",
"of",
"other",
"germs",
"more",
"frequently",
"implicated",
"and",
"which",
",",
"in",
"turn",
",",
"produce",
"compatible",
"symptoms",
".",
"To",
"this",
"end",
",",
"the",
"following",
"was",
"requested",
":",
"detection",
"of",
"genetic",
"material",
"by",
"rectal",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"PCR",
")",
"for",
"herpes",
",",
"gonococcus",
"and",
"chlamydia",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"gonococcal",
"culture",
"and",
"syphilis",
"serology",
".",
"These",
"tests",
"are",
"routinely",
"indicated",
"in",
"the",
"evaluation",
"of",
"all",
"patients",
"with",
"infectious",
"proctitis",
"and",
"suspected",
"STIs",
",",
"as",
"co-infection",
"by",
"several",
"germs",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
"has",
"been",
"described",
".",
"After",
"sampling",
",",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"prescribed",
"with",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"ceftriaxone",
"1",
"gram",
"intramuscularly",
"and",
"oral",
"doxycycline",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"100",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"21",
"days",
",",
"with",
"complete",
"disappearance",
"of",
"symptoms",
"a",
"few",
"days",
"after",
"starting",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"requested",
"tests",
"showed",
"a",
"positive",
"PCR",
"for",
"C",
".",
"trachomatis",
"(",
"performed",
"by",
"real-time",
"PCR",
"system",
")",
",",
"with",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"studies",
"negative",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"context",
",",
"microbiological",
"findings",
"and",
"favourable",
"response",
"to",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"finally",
"diagnosed",
"with",
":",
"INFECTIOUS",
"PROCTITIS",
"DUE",
"TO",
"CHLAMYDIA",
"TRACHOMATIS"
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4
] | [
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 66,
"end": 74
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 16
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1525,
"end": 1540
},
{
"text": "HAV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1469,
"end": 1472
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1461,
"end": 1464
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1447,
"end": 1450
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 320,
"end": 323
},
{
"text": "antiretroviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 778,
"end": 792
},
{
"text": "antiretroviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1659,
"end": 1673
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1630,
"end": 1637
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1116,
"end": 1123
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1493,
"end": 1503
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 666,
"end": 671
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1250,
"end": 1255
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2056,
"end": 2061
},
{
"text": "hepatotropic viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1425,
"end": 1445
},
{
"text": "viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1438,
"end": 1445
},
{
"text": "lúes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1584,
"end": 1588
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 493,
"end": 501
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 940,
"end": 948
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3009,
"end": 3012
},
{
"text": "Cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2992,
"end": 3007
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2908,
"end": 2913
},
{
"text": "Chlamydia trachomatis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4120,
"end": 4141
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4584,
"end": 4587
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5186,
"end": 5189
},
{
"text": "Clostridium difficile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4916,
"end": 4937
},
{
"text": "Entamoeba histolytica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4803,
"end": 4824
},
{
"text": "Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4771,
"end": 4787
},
{
"text": "germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4757,
"end": 4762
},
{
"text": "Herpes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4143,
"end": 4149
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3117,
"end": 3124
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3860,
"end": 3867
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4309,
"end": 4316
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4892,
"end": 4899
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3214,
"end": 3222
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5031,
"end": 5039
},
{
"text": "protozoa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4023,
"end": 4031
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4158,
"end": 4163
},
{
"text": "Herpes simplex virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4143,
"end": 4163
},
{
"text": "human papillomavirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3531,
"end": 3551
},
{
"text": "viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4012,
"end": 4019
},
{
"text": "Clostridium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4916,
"end": 4927
},
{
"text": "Clostridium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5063,
"end": 5074
},
{
"text": "Chlamydia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4120,
"end": 4129
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3909,
"end": 3917
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5447,
"end": 5450
},
{
"text": "germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5508,
"end": 5513
},
{
"text": "germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5938,
"end": 5943
},
{
"text": "herpes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5708,
"end": 5714
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5289,
"end": 5296
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5856,
"end": 5864
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5363,
"end": 5370
},
{
"text": "gonococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5716,
"end": 5726
},
{
"text": "chlamydia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5731,
"end": 5740
},
{
"text": "C. trachomatis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6289,
"end": 6303
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5776,
"end": 5784
},
{
"text": "CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6556,
"end": 6577
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6492,
"end": 6499
},
{
"text": "CHLAMYDIA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6556,
"end": 6565
}
] | en |
58-year-old woman with a personal history of depressive syndrome and lumbar canal stenosis. Diagnosed with B27-positive ankylosing spondylitis in 2005 and on treatment with adalimumab since 2008. Before starting treatment, a positive tuberculin skin test required isoniazid prophylaxis for nine months. His regular medications included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, antidepressants and proton pump inhibitors.
At a routine rheumatology check-up, a significant deterioration of her renal function was noted and she was requested to undergo a nephrology assessment. The patient was asymptomatic. On initial physical examination, there was no oedema, no palpable laterocervical or retroauricular lymphadenopathy and cardiopulmonary auscultation was normal.
In view of the analytical findings, a renal ultrasound was performed, showing kidneys measuring 10 and 12 cm, respectively, with good corticomedullary differentiation. There was no evidence of renal lithiasis or pyelocaliceal dilatation. The hypodense lesions in the spleen suggested possible lymphomatous involvement, at which point the patient was admitted for further studies.
The thoraco-abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple pulmonary nodules (predominantly in the upper lobes with a peribronchovascular pattern) and mediastinal adenopathies. No splenic lesions were observed.
A cervical adenopathy was biopsied, showing granulomatous epithelioid inflammation with extensive caseous necrosis. Ziehl-Nielsen staining showed few bacilli.
In view of these findings, it was decided to perform fibrobronchoscopy, in which no macroscopic lesions were observed in the airway. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed a moderate number of lymphocytes, bronchial lavage was negative and a transbronchial fine needle aspiration of a mediastinal adenopathy identified the existence of granulomas. Ziehl's staining was initially reported as negative, with a second observation revealing a single acid-fast bacillus. Following fibrobronchoscopy, an interferon gamma release assay for tuberculosis (quantiFERON) was performed, which was positive. Based on these tests, it was decided to start anti-tuberculosis treatment.
As part of the nephrological work-up, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), anti-DNA and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies were negative. Viral serology was negative for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses. Complement was normal. Urine analysis initially showed a microalbuminuria/creatininuria index of 261.9 mg/g and proteinuria/creatininuria 1.1 without nephrotic syndrome. The only notable finding in the proteinogram was a monoclonal IgM peak, with a serum concentration of 305 mg/dl and a negative urine light chain concentration.
During her evolution on the ward, the patient presented sustained arterial hypertension with no evidence of water overload or other symptoms of note.
Given the clinical findings (severe renal failure), radiological findings (kidneys of normal size and echostructure) and analytical findings (anaemia, proteinuria and microhaematuria), a renal biopsy was performed in which interstitial inflammation was detected at the expense of lymphocytes, accompanied by histiocytes that at various points formed granulomas. Multinucleated Langhans-type giant cells were present in one of them. The glomeruli were normal. In the tubules, the lumen was occupied with granular material and flattening of the epithelium. No microorganisms were observed in PAS and Ziehl-Nielsen staining.
After the renal biopsy, the patient was discharged on treatment with prednisone at a dose of 40 mg/day, erythropoietin and complete antituberculosis treatment (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide).
The patient progressed towards slow but progressive improvement of renal function. She persisted with anaemia and high erythropoietin requirements, hypertension treated with two drugs and hyperuricaemia resolved with allopurinol.
| [
"58-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"depressive",
"syndrome",
"and",
"lumbar",
"canal",
"stenosis",
".",
"Diagnosed",
"with",
"B27-positive",
"ankylosing",
"spondylitis",
"in",
"2005",
"and",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"adalimumab",
"since",
"2008",
".",
"Before",
"starting",
"treatment",
",",
"a",
"positive",
"tuberculin",
"skin",
"test",
"required",
"isoniazid",
"prophylaxis",
"for",
"nine",
"months",
".",
"His",
"regular",
"medications",
"included",
"non-steroidal",
"anti-inflammatory",
"drugs",
",",
"tramadol",
",",
"antidepressants",
"and",
"proton",
"pump",
"inhibitors",
".",
"At",
"a",
"routine",
"rheumatology",
"check-up",
",",
"a",
"significant",
"deterioration",
"of",
"her",
"renal",
"function",
"was",
"noted",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"requested",
"to",
"undergo",
"a",
"nephrology",
"assessment",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"asymptomatic",
".",
"On",
"initial",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"there",
"was",
"no",
"oedema",
",",
"no",
"palpable",
"laterocervical",
"or",
"retroauricular",
"lymphadenopathy",
"and",
"cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"analytical",
"findings",
",",
"a",
"renal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"kidneys",
"measuring",
"10",
"and",
"12",
"cm",
",",
"respectively",
",",
"with",
"good",
"corticomedullary",
"differentiation",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"renal",
"lithiasis",
"or",
"pyelocaliceal",
"dilatation",
".",
"The",
"hypodense",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"spleen",
"suggested",
"possible",
"lymphomatous",
"involvement",
",",
"at",
"which",
"point",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"further",
"studies",
".",
"The",
"thoraco-abdomino-pelvic",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"scan",
"showed",
"multiple",
"pulmonary",
"nodules",
"(",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"lobes",
"with",
"a",
"peribronchovascular",
"pattern",
")",
"and",
"mediastinal",
"adenopathies",
".",
"No",
"splenic",
"lesions",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"A",
"cervical",
"adenopathy",
"was",
"biopsied",
",",
"showing",
"granulomatous",
"epithelioid",
"inflammation",
"with",
"extensive",
"caseous",
"necrosis",
".",
"Ziehl-Nielsen",
"staining",
"showed",
"few",
"bacilli",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"fibrobronchoscopy",
",",
"in",
"which",
"no",
"macroscopic",
"lesions",
"were",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"airway",
".",
"Bronchoalveolar",
"lavage",
"showed",
"a",
"moderate",
"number",
"of",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"bronchial",
"lavage",
"was",
"negative",
"and",
"a",
"transbronchial",
"fine",
"needle",
"aspiration",
"of",
"a",
"mediastinal",
"adenopathy",
"identified",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"granulomas",
".",
"Ziehl",
"'",
"s",
"staining",
"was",
"initially",
"reported",
"as",
"negative",
",",
"with",
"a",
"second",
"observation",
"revealing",
"a",
"single",
"acid-fast",
"bacillus",
".",
"Following",
"fibrobronchoscopy",
",",
"an",
"interferon",
"gamma",
"release",
"assay",
"for",
"tuberculosis",
"(",
"quantiFERON",
")",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"these",
"tests",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"anti-tuberculosis",
"treatment",
".",
"As",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"nephrological",
"work-up",
",",
"antinuclear",
"antibody",
"(",
"ANA",
")",
",",
"anti-neutrophil",
"cytoplasmic",
"antibody",
"(",
"ANCA",
")",
",",
"anti-DNA",
"and",
"anti-glomerular",
"basement",
"membrane",
"antibodies",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Viral",
"serology",
"was",
"negative",
"for",
"human",
"immunodeficiency",
"virus",
"and",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"and",
"C",
"viruses",
".",
"Complement",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Urine",
"analysis",
"initially",
"showed",
"a",
"microalbuminuria",
"/",
"creatininuria",
"index",
"of",
"261",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"g",
"and",
"proteinuria",
"/",
"creatininuria",
"1",
".",
"1",
"without",
"nephrotic",
"syndrome",
".",
"The",
"only",
"notable",
"finding",
"in",
"the",
"proteinogram",
"was",
"a",
"monoclonal",
"IgM",
"peak",
",",
"with",
"a",
"serum",
"concentration",
"of",
"305",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"a",
"negative",
"urine",
"light",
"chain",
"concentration",
".",
"During",
"her",
"evolution",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"sustained",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"water",
"overload",
"or",
"other",
"symptoms",
"of",
"note",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"findings",
"(",
"severe",
"renal",
"failure",
")",
",",
"radiological",
"findings",
"(",
"kidneys",
"of",
"normal",
"size",
"and",
"echostructure",
")",
"and",
"analytical",
"findings",
"(",
"anaemia",
",",
"proteinuria",
"and",
"microhaematuria",
")",
",",
"a",
"renal",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"which",
"interstitial",
"inflammation",
"was",
"detected",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"histiocytes",
"that",
"at",
"various",
"points",
"formed",
"granulomas",
".",
"Multinucleated",
"Langhans-type",
"giant",
"cells",
"were",
"present",
"in",
"one",
"of",
"them",
".",
"The",
"glomeruli",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"In",
"the",
"tubules",
",",
"the",
"lumen",
"was",
"occupied",
"with",
"granular",
"material",
"and",
"flattening",
"of",
"the",
"epithelium",
".",
"No",
"microorganisms",
"were",
"observed",
"in",
"PAS",
"and",
"Ziehl-Nielsen",
"staining",
".",
"After",
"the",
"renal",
"biopsy",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"prednisone",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"40",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
",",
"erythropoietin",
"and",
"complete",
"antituberculosis",
"treatment",
"(",
"rifampicin",
",",
"isoniazid",
",",
"ethambutol",
"and",
"pyrazinamide",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"progressed",
"towards",
"slow",
"but",
"progressive",
"improvement",
"of",
"renal",
"function",
".",
"She",
"persisted",
"with",
"anaemia",
"and",
"high",
"erythropoietin",
"requirements",
",",
"hypertension",
"treated",
"with",
"two",
"drugs",
"and",
"hyperuricaemia",
"resolved",
"with",
"allopurinol",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 25,
"end": 33
},
{
"text": "tuberculin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 234,
"end": 244
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 587,
"end": 594
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1111,
"end": 1118
},
{
"text": "bacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1530,
"end": 1537
},
{
"text": "acid-fast bacillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1977,
"end": 1995
},
{
"text": "human immunodeficiency virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2417,
"end": 2445
},
{
"text": "Viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2385,
"end": 2390
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2845,
"end": 2852
},
{
"text": "microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3515,
"end": 3529
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3608,
"end": 3615
},
{
"text": "antituberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3712,
"end": 3728
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3797,
"end": 3804
}
] | en |
We present the clinical case of a 63-year-old male patient with a history of chronic constipation, who has had several admissions for this cause and since childhood has lived in the rural area of the community of Santa Johana in the municipality of Itamarandiba, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. She reports that for approximately 3 months she has been feeling tired quite easily, feeling faint and having difficulty defecating, which she had not given any importance to until she began to experience other symptoms, such as abdominal distension, meteorism (accumulation of gas), rash, bowel sounds and continued to have difficulty defecating, which she could only do with the help of tea and laxatives; for this reason she decided to seek specialised medical help.
Positive findings on physical examination
- Mucous membranes: hypo-coloured and moist.
- Cardiovascular system: arrhythmic and audible heart sounds, blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg, heart rate (HR): 84 beats/minute.
- Abdomen: distended, hydro-aerial sounds present and normal, painful on superficial and deep palpation, presence of a mobile, elongated, spindle-shaped, somewhat firm tumour with diffuse abdominal tympanism and contrasting dullness in the area of the left lower quadrant over the mass already described.
Complementary examinations (the most important are listed)
- Complete blood count: Hb 10,5 g/L(decreased)
- Uric acid: 3.4 mg/dL
- Triglycerides: 114 mg/dL
- Blood urea: 2.7 mg/dL
- Plasma creatinine: 1.10 mg/dL
- Serology (VDRL): non-reactive
- HIV: non-reactive
- Electrocardiogram: sinus rhythm within normal limits for her age.
- Enema colonic X-ray: dilatation with elongation extending into the sigmoid colon.
- Abdominal ultrasound: ultrasound images consistent with faecal occult.
- Chagas test: positive. It was repeated on 2 occasions and the diagnosis was corroborated.
Several immunological tests. Detection of parasite-specific antibodies in the blood.
- Complement fixation
- Indirect haemagglutination
- ELISA technique
- Direct agglutination
- Particle agglutination
Positivity was corroborated.
The patient was treated surgically, a colostomy was performed and post-surgical evolution has been favourable. He is being followed up by the health post and surgery consultation, as well as emphasising educational and control activities in the community, which are of great value in the preventive treatment of Primary Health Care.
| [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"clinical",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"63-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"chronic",
"constipation",
",",
"who",
"has",
"had",
"several",
"admissions",
"for",
"this",
"cause",
"and",
"since",
"childhood",
"has",
"lived",
"in",
"the",
"rural",
"area",
"of",
"the",
"community",
"of",
"Santa",
"Johana",
"in",
"the",
"municipality",
"of",
"Itamarandiba",
",",
"in",
"the",
"Brazilian",
"state",
"of",
"Minas",
"Gerais",
".",
"She",
"reports",
"that",
"for",
"approximately",
"3",
"months",
"she",
"has",
"been",
"feeling",
"tired",
"quite",
"easily",
",",
"feeling",
"faint",
"and",
"having",
"difficulty",
"defecating",
",",
"which",
"she",
"had",
"not",
"given",
"any",
"importance",
"to",
"until",
"she",
"began",
"to",
"experience",
"other",
"symptoms",
",",
"such",
"as",
"abdominal",
"distension",
",",
"meteorism",
"(",
"accumulation",
"of",
"gas",
")",
",",
"rash",
",",
"bowel",
"sounds",
"and",
"continued",
"to",
"have",
"difficulty",
"defecating",
",",
"which",
"she",
"could",
"only",
"do",
"with",
"the",
"help",
"of",
"tea",
"and",
"laxatives",
";",
"for",
"this",
"reason",
"she",
"decided",
"to",
"seek",
"specialised",
"medical",
"help",
".",
"Positive",
"findings",
"on",
"physical",
"examination",
"-",
"Mucous",
"membranes",
":",
"hypo-coloured",
"and",
"moist",
".",
"-",
"Cardiovascular",
"system",
":",
"arrhythmic",
"and",
"audible",
"heart",
"sounds",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
":",
"120",
"/",
"80",
"mmHg",
",",
"heart",
"rate",
"(",
"HR",
")",
":",
"84",
"beats",
"/",
"minute",
".",
"-",
"Abdomen",
":",
"distended",
",",
"hydro-aerial",
"sounds",
"present",
"and",
"normal",
",",
"painful",
"on",
"superficial",
"and",
"deep",
"palpation",
",",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"mobile",
",",
"elongated",
",",
"spindle-shaped",
",",
"somewhat",
"firm",
"tumour",
"with",
"diffuse",
"abdominal",
"tympanism",
"and",
"contrasting",
"dullness",
"in",
"the",
"area",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"quadrant",
"over",
"the",
"mass",
"already",
"described",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"(",
"the",
"most",
"important",
"are",
"listed",
")",
"-",
"Complete",
"blood",
"count",
":",
"Hb",
"10",
",",
"5",
"g",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"decreased",
")",
"-",
"Uric",
"acid",
":",
"3",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"-",
"Triglycerides",
":",
"114",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"-",
"Blood",
"urea",
":",
"2",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"-",
"Plasma",
"creatinine",
":",
"1",
".",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"-",
"Serology",
"(",
"VDRL",
")",
":",
"non-reactive",
"-",
"HIV",
":",
"non-reactive",
"-",
"Electrocardiogram",
":",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
"for",
"her",
"age",
".",
"-",
"Enema",
"colonic",
"X-ray",
":",
"dilatation",
"with",
"elongation",
"extending",
"into",
"the",
"sigmoid",
"colon",
".",
"-",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
":",
"ultrasound",
"images",
"consistent",
"with",
"faecal",
"occult",
".",
"-",
"Chagas",
"test",
":",
"positive",
".",
"It",
"was",
"repeated",
"on",
"2",
"occasions",
"and",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"corroborated",
".",
"Several",
"immunological",
"tests",
".",
"Detection",
"of",
"parasite-specific",
"antibodies",
"in",
"the",
"blood",
".",
"-",
"Complement",
"fixation",
"-",
"Indirect",
"haemagglutination",
"-",
"ELISA",
"technique",
"-",
"Direct",
"agglutination",
"-",
"Particle",
"agglutination",
"Positivity",
"was",
"corroborated",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"surgically",
",",
"a",
"colostomy",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"post-surgical",
"evolution",
"has",
"been",
"favourable",
".",
"He",
"is",
"being",
"followed",
"up",
"by",
"the",
"health",
"post",
"and",
"surgery",
"consultation",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"emphasising",
"educational",
"and",
"control",
"activities",
"in",
"the",
"community",
",",
"which",
"are",
"of",
"great",
"value",
"in",
"the",
"preventive",
"treatment",
"of",
"Primary",
"Health",
"Care",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 155,
"end": 164
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 46,
"end": 50
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 51,
"end": 58
},
{
"text": "community",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 200,
"end": 209
},
{
"text": "VDRL",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1516,
"end": 1520
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1538,
"end": 1541
},
{
"text": "Chagas",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1783,
"end": 1789
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1916,
"end": 1924
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2111,
"end": 2118
},
{
"text": "community",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2352,
"end": 2361
}
] | en |
A 25-year-old male patient from Ghana. He came to the emergency department for abdominal pain of months of evolution together with pruritic skin rash and occasional diarrhoeal stools with perianal pruritus, without pathological products. Physical examination was unremarkable. A stool culture was requested, which showed adult forms of Strongyloides stercolaris. In view of these findings, a further serology study was performed: HCV and HIV negative, HBV: anti-Hbs negative, HBsAg positive, anti-HBsAg positive. HBsAg positive. Total anti-HBc positive (IgM anti-HB core negative). No alteration in the proteinogram. Positive serology for HTLV type 1. Abdominal ultrasound was performed with the finding of retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy-ganglia of approximately 1 cm. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with no pathological findings and sampling of the 2nd duodenal portion and stomach showed: gastritis and acute duodenitis secondary to the presence of intestinal parasites morphologically compatible with strongyloides. Treatment was started with albendazole 400 mg/12h for 7 days with resolution of the symptoms.
Loss of follow-up until 2 years later, readmission for abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, initially diagnosed as acute pancreatitis. CT scan showed marked distension of the duodenum and jejunum suggesting slowed intestinal transit. EDA with non-specific gastric and duodenal erythema and incompetent cardia and persistent intraluminal parasites in the PA morphologically compatible with strongyloides. Treatment was started with Ivermectin 3mg 2 tablets per day for 2 days every 6 weeks.
Subsequent follow-up in consultations, irregular, EDA in 2016 where intraluminal parasites persisted.
In December 2016, she was readmitted for respiratory symptoms with bilateral interstitial infiltrate requiring admission to the ICU, with CT scan and subsequent bronchoscopy showing alveolar haemorrhage with bronchoalveolar lavage and the presence of strongiloides stercolaris. Treatment with Ivermectin and albendazole was started, with a torpid evolution towards improvement. In addition, he presented a picture compatible with lymphocytic meningoencephalitis with the presence of HTLV in CSF. The patient had stopped ivermectin treatment approximately 3 months earlier due to drug supply problems.
| [
"A",
"25-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"from",
"Ghana",
".",
"He",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"of",
"months",
"of",
"evolution",
"together",
"with",
"pruritic",
"skin",
"rash",
"and",
"occasional",
"diarrhoeal",
"stools",
"with",
"perianal",
"pruritus",
",",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
".",
"A",
"stool",
"culture",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"adult",
"forms",
"of",
"Strongyloides",
"stercolaris",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"a",
"further",
"serology",
"study",
"was",
"performed",
":",
"HCV",
"and",
"HIV",
"negative",
",",
"HBV",
":",
"anti-Hbs",
"negative",
",",
"HBsAg",
"positive",
",",
"anti-HBsAg",
"positive",
".",
"HBsAg",
"positive",
".",
"Total",
"anti-HBc",
"positive",
"(",
"IgM",
"anti-HB",
"core",
"negative",
")",
".",
"No",
"alteration",
"in",
"the",
"proteinogram",
".",
"Positive",
"serology",
"for",
"HTLV",
"type",
"1",
".",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"the",
"finding",
"of",
"retroperitoneal",
"lymphadenopathy-ganglia",
"of",
"approximately",
"1",
"cm",
".",
"Upper",
"gastrointestinal",
"endoscopy",
"with",
"no",
"pathological",
"findings",
"and",
"sampling",
"of",
"the",
"2nd",
"duodenal",
"portion",
"and",
"stomach",
"showed",
":",
"gastritis",
"and",
"acute",
"duodenitis",
"secondary",
"to",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"intestinal",
"parasites",
"morphologically",
"compatible",
"with",
"strongyloides",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"albendazole",
"400",
"mg",
"/",
"12h",
"for",
"7",
"days",
"with",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
".",
"Loss",
"of",
"follow-up",
"until",
"2",
"years",
"later",
",",
"readmission",
"for",
"abdominal",
"pain",
",",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
",",
"initially",
"diagnosed",
"as",
"acute",
"pancreatitis",
".",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"marked",
"distension",
"of",
"the",
"duodenum",
"and",
"jejunum",
"suggesting",
"slowed",
"intestinal",
"transit",
".",
"EDA",
"with",
"non-specific",
"gastric",
"and",
"duodenal",
"erythema",
"and",
"incompetent",
"cardia",
"and",
"persistent",
"intraluminal",
"parasites",
"in",
"the",
"PA",
"morphologically",
"compatible",
"with",
"strongyloides",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"Ivermectin",
"3mg",
"2",
"tablets",
"per",
"day",
"for",
"2",
"days",
"every",
"6",
"weeks",
".",
"Subsequent",
"follow-up",
"in",
"consultations",
",",
"irregular",
",",
"EDA",
"in",
"2016",
"where",
"intraluminal",
"parasites",
"persisted",
".",
"In",
"December",
"2016",
",",
"she",
"was",
"readmitted",
"for",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"with",
"bilateral",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
"requiring",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"with",
"CT",
"scan",
"and",
"subsequent",
"bronchoscopy",
"showing",
"alveolar",
"haemorrhage",
"with",
"bronchoalveolar",
"lavage",
"and",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"strongiloides",
"stercolaris",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"Ivermectin",
"and",
"albendazole",
"was",
"started",
",",
"with",
"a",
"torpid",
"evolution",
"towards",
"improvement",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"a",
"picture",
"compatible",
"with",
"lymphocytic",
"meningoencephalitis",
"with",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"HTLV",
"in",
"CSF",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"stopped",
"ivermectin",
"treatment",
"approximately",
"3",
"months",
"earlier",
"due",
"to",
"drug",
"supply",
"problems",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "HBsAg",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 476,
"end": 481
},
{
"text": "HBsAg",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 497,
"end": 502
},
{
"text": "HBsAg",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 513,
"end": 518
},
{
"text": "HTLV type 1",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 639,
"end": 650
},
{
"text": "HTLV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 639,
"end": 643
},
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "adult forms of Strongyloides stercolaris",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 321,
"end": 361
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 452,
"end": 455
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 430,
"end": 433
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 438,
"end": 441
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "intestinal parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 954,
"end": 974
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 336,
"end": 349
},
{
"text": "strongyloides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1007,
"end": 1020
},
{
"text": "Hbs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 462,
"end": 465
},
{
"text": "HB",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 563,
"end": 565
},
{
"text": "intraluminal parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1440,
"end": 1462
},
{
"text": "strongyloides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1505,
"end": 1518
},
{
"text": "intraluminal parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1674,
"end": 1696
},
{
"text": "HTLV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2191,
"end": 2195
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2208,
"end": 2215
},
{
"text": "strongiloides stercolaris",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1959,
"end": 1984
}
] | en |
A 45-year-old man with a history of severe smoking, severe obesity (BMI 37.8) and multiple herniated discs. He presented with high fever (for which blood cultures were taken) and two days after the fever, he developed purplish lesions on the left lower limb. Blood cultures indicated the presence of S. Aureus resistant to cloxacillin (the first drug prescribed) and he was treated with vancomycin. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed the presence of filiform vegetations on the aortic valve. The patient also presented abdominal pain which led to an ultrasound scan indicating the presence of splenic infarctions and a renal infarction. Valve replacement was scheduled, which took place one week after the onset of the symptoms, and gentamicin was added to the treatment. The day before surgery (day 6 with antibiotic treatment), it was decided to readjust the treatment by withdrawing vancomycin and adding daptomycin at a dose of 3.5mg/kg/day (i.e. the patient was currently being treated with daptomycin and gentamicin). After an adequate evolution, he restarted with fever and an abdominal CT scan was performed, showing splenic abscesses. Drainage of the largest one was performed under ultrasound guidance, obtaining samples for culture in which Serratia marcescens was isolated. The patient again presented an adequate evolution until 21 days after treatment, when he began to develop fever, dyspnoea and chest pain, for which reason a chest CT scan was performed, showing a patchy ground-glass pulmonary infiltrate, greater in the right upper lobe, right middle lobe and left lower lobe. Four days later he presented with increased dyspnoea and respiratory failure that did not improve with oxygen therapy. Chest X-ray showed an interstitial pattern consistent with the findings observed in the CT scan of previous days, so bronchoscopy was requested and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, indicating polymorphic inflammatory cellularity with slightly more than 10% eosinophils. On the other hand, an exponential increase in blood eosinophil counts was also observed at that time. Due to this, it was decided to withdraw daptomycin and start treatment with corticosteroids, which improved the condition.
| [
"A",
"45-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"severe",
"smoking",
",",
"severe",
"obesity",
"(",
"BMI",
"37",
".",
"8",
")",
"and",
"multiple",
"herniated",
"discs",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"with",
"high",
"fever",
"(",
"for",
"which",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
")",
"and",
"two",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"fever",
",",
"he",
"developed",
"purplish",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"limb",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"indicated",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"S",
".",
"Aureus",
"resistant",
"to",
"cloxacillin",
"(",
"the",
"first",
"drug",
"prescribed",
")",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"vancomycin",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"filiform",
"vegetations",
"on",
"the",
"aortic",
"valve",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"also",
"presented",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"an",
"ultrasound",
"scan",
"indicating",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"splenic",
"infarctions",
"and",
"a",
"renal",
"infarction",
".",
"Valve",
"replacement",
"was",
"scheduled",
",",
"which",
"took",
"place",
"one",
"week",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
",",
"and",
"gentamicin",
"was",
"added",
"to",
"the",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"day",
"before",
"surgery",
"(",
"day",
"6",
"with",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
")",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"readjust",
"the",
"treatment",
"by",
"withdrawing",
"vancomycin",
"and",
"adding",
"daptomycin",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"3",
".",
"5mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
"(",
"i",
".",
"e",
".",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"currently",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"daptomycin",
"and",
"gentamicin",
")",
".",
"After",
"an",
"adequate",
"evolution",
",",
"he",
"restarted",
"with",
"fever",
"and",
"an",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"splenic",
"abscesses",
".",
"Drainage",
"of",
"the",
"largest",
"one",
"was",
"performed",
"under",
"ultrasound",
"guidance",
",",
"obtaining",
"samples",
"for",
"culture",
"in",
"which",
"Serratia",
"marcescens",
"was",
"isolated",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"again",
"presented",
"an",
"adequate",
"evolution",
"until",
"21",
"days",
"after",
"treatment",
",",
"when",
"he",
"began",
"to",
"develop",
"fever",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"chest",
"pain",
",",
"for",
"which",
"reason",
"a",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"patchy",
"ground-glass",
"pulmonary",
"infiltrate",
",",
"greater",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
",",
"right",
"middle",
"lobe",
"and",
"left",
"lower",
"lobe",
".",
"Four",
"days",
"later",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"increased",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"respiratory",
"failure",
"that",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
"with",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"an",
"interstitial",
"pattern",
"consistent",
"with",
"the",
"findings",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"previous",
"days",
",",
"so",
"bronchoscopy",
"was",
"requested",
"and",
"bronchoalveolar",
"lavage",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"indicating",
"polymorphic",
"inflammatory",
"cellularity",
"with",
"slightly",
"more",
"than",
"10",
"%",
"eosinophils",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"an",
"exponential",
"increase",
"in",
"blood",
"eosinophil",
"counts",
"was",
"also",
"observed",
"at",
"that",
"time",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"this",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"withdraw",
"daptomycin",
"and",
"start",
"treatment",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
",",
"which",
"improved",
"the",
"condition",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "Serratia marcescens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1257,
"end": 1276
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 501,
"end": 508
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 960,
"end": 967
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1295,
"end": 1302
},
{
"text": "S. Aureus resistant to cloxacillin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 300,
"end": 334
}
] | en |
This is a 28 year old male, habitual cannabis user, with a history of bicuspid aortic valve followed up by Cardiology for the last 7 years for moderate aortic insufficiency with mild deterioration in functional class, pending valve replacement. The patient came to the emergency department of our centre due to progressive dyspnoea of ten days' evolution, until becoming minimal effort. He also reported intense abdominal pain in the left hypochondrium and ipsilateral iliac fossa. He also presented with a feeling of dystrophy on the last day, with shivering, without fever. He had not consumed drugs parenterally nor had he undergone any type of procedure. In the emergency department, the patient was in fair general condition, with systolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg and a heart rate of 125 bpm, with a temperature of 38.3oC. Auscultation revealed a high-frequency protodiastolic murmur of decreasing intensity in the aortic focus, and bibasal crackles. The abdomen was painful on deep palpation, predominantly in the left hemiabdomen. The electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia without other alterations. Chest X-ray showed diffuse bronchovascular enhancement. Laboratory tests showed elevated CRP and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Two sets of blood cultures were drawn and empirical antibiotic therapy was started with ampicillin, ceftriaxone and daptomycin. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed, which showed a bicuspid aortic valve with an image compatible with endocarditis vegetation on the lateral edge of the posterior commissure. A moderately dilated I.V. with severe aortic insufficiency is also observed. The pain resolved with conventional analgesia. Fever was relieved with paracetamol and antibiotic therapy and the patient stabilised. Abdominal CT scan showed multiple splenic infarcts and one in the left renal pole. Blood cultures were reported 24 hours later as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, the microorganism being sensitive to all antibiotics tested except vancomycin. Aortic valve replacement was performed 5 days after arrival at the emergency department, finding a bicuspid aortic valve with endocardial warts on the ventricular side of both leaflets, and a biological prosthetic valve was implanted without complications. On the ward, during the anamnesis, the patient acknowledged daily intake of probiotic dairy products. Finally, after six weeks of antibiotic therapy with ampicillin, the first 5 days associated with gentamicin, the patient was definitively discharged with NYHA functional class I.
| [
"This",
"is",
"a",
"28",
"year",
"old",
"male",
",",
"habitual",
"cannabis",
"user",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"bicuspid",
"aortic",
"valve",
"followed",
"up",
"by",
"Cardiology",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"7",
"years",
"for",
"moderate",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"with",
"mild",
"deterioration",
"in",
"functional",
"class",
",",
"pending",
"valve",
"replacement",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"of",
"our",
"centre",
"due",
"to",
"progressive",
"dyspnoea",
"of",
"ten",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
",",
"until",
"becoming",
"minimal",
"effort",
".",
"He",
"also",
"reported",
"intense",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hypochondrium",
"and",
"ipsilateral",
"iliac",
"fossa",
".",
"He",
"also",
"presented",
"with",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"dystrophy",
"on",
"the",
"last",
"day",
",",
"with",
"shivering",
",",
"without",
"fever",
".",
"He",
"had",
"not",
"consumed",
"drugs",
"parenterally",
"nor",
"had",
"he",
"undergone",
"any",
"type",
"of",
"procedure",
".",
"In",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"in",
"fair",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"with",
"systolic",
"blood",
"pressure",
"of",
"90",
"mmHg",
"and",
"a",
"heart",
"rate",
"of",
"125",
"bpm",
",",
"with",
"a",
"temperature",
"of",
"38",
".",
"3oC",
".",
"Auscultation",
"revealed",
"a",
"high-frequency",
"protodiastolic",
"murmur",
"of",
"decreasing",
"intensity",
"in",
"the",
"aortic",
"focus",
",",
"and",
"bibasal",
"crackles",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"painful",
"on",
"deep",
"palpation",
",",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hemiabdomen",
".",
"The",
"electrocardiogram",
"showed",
"sinus",
"tachycardia",
"without",
"other",
"alterations",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"diffuse",
"bronchovascular",
"enhancement",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"elevated",
"CRP",
"and",
"leukocytosis",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
".",
"Two",
"sets",
"of",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"drawn",
"and",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ampicillin",
",",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"daptomycin",
".",
"A",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"(",
"TTE",
")",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"bicuspid",
"aortic",
"valve",
"with",
"an",
"image",
"compatible",
"with",
"endocarditis",
"vegetation",
"on",
"the",
"lateral",
"edge",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"commissure",
".",
"A",
"moderately",
"dilated",
"I",
".",
"V",
".",
"with",
"severe",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"is",
"also",
"observed",
".",
"The",
"pain",
"resolved",
"with",
"conventional",
"analgesia",
".",
"Fever",
"was",
"relieved",
"with",
"paracetamol",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"stabilised",
".",
"Abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"multiple",
"splenic",
"infarcts",
"and",
"one",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"renal",
"pole",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"reported",
"24",
"hours",
"later",
"as",
"Lactobacillus",
"rhamnosus",
",",
"the",
"microorganism",
"being",
"sensitive",
"to",
"all",
"antibiotics",
"tested",
"except",
"vancomycin",
".",
"Aortic",
"valve",
"replacement",
"was",
"performed",
"5",
"days",
"after",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"finding",
"a",
"bicuspid",
"aortic",
"valve",
"with",
"endocardial",
"warts",
"on",
"the",
"ventricular",
"side",
"of",
"both",
"leaflets",
",",
"and",
"a",
"biological",
"prosthetic",
"valve",
"was",
"implanted",
"without",
"complications",
".",
"On",
"the",
"ward",
",",
"during",
"the",
"anamnesis",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"acknowledged",
"daily",
"intake",
"of",
"probiotic",
"dairy",
"products",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"after",
"six",
"weeks",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"with",
"ampicillin",
",",
"the",
"first",
"5",
"days",
"associated",
"with",
"gentamicin",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"definitively",
"discharged",
"with",
"NYHA",
"functional",
"class",
"I",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Lactobacillus rhamnosus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1904,
"end": 1927
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 37,
"end": 45
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 249,
"end": 256
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 692,
"end": 699
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1754,
"end": 1761
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2304,
"end": 2311
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2480,
"end": 2487
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "probiotic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2341,
"end": 2350
}
] | en |
A 5 year old patient attended the Primary Care Emergency Department (SUAP) accompanied by his parents and requesting treatment for his Atopic Dermatitis (AD), "because the child had had an outbreak for several days and could no longer cope with the itching". Among the antecedents, he had AD, treated with emollients and moisturisers, almost daily, and with pharmacological treatment with corticoids only in the outbreaks, so they assumed the situation to be normal in view of the known evolution of the process.
On examination, the patient presented numerous skin lesions, worsened by scratching, on the face, inguinal region, hands and feet, in the form of excoriations, eczema, papules and erosions. A personal and family history of atopy-related diseases and the presence of intense pruritus were noted in the consultation.
Both parents also reported the appearance of pruritus over a few days, which they attributed to having been in the countryside the previous weekend, where they saw many pine processionnaires. The mother also reported a history of allergy to grasses, olive trees and mites.
Given the manifestation of pruritus in all members of the family, it was decided to examine the parents, and a few excoriations with impetiginisation were observed, especially in the father, on the abdomen, waist, inguinal area, arms, wrists and interdigital folds.
Following suspicion of parasitosis and examination of some characteristic lesions that pointed to the diagnosis of scabies, treatment with topical permethrin 5% cream and oral antihistamines was recommended, and a check-up was requested to re-evaluate the process. The patients reported a clear and rapid improvement from the day the treatment was started.
Follow-up by the family doctor and paediatrician showed that the symptoms had disappeared and the lesions had improved. It was also recommended that close contacts be followed up in case they showed signs of infestation.
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS
In this case, the presence of pruritic lesions in the whole family was sufficient to raise suspicion of more than AD in the child. Given the signs that pointed to the diagnosis and the lack of tests or techniques to confirm scabies in the ED, it was decided to start pharmacological treatment, after observing some lesions compatible with the diagnosis of scabies. The successful and rapid therapeutic response served as a good measure of confirmation of the disease.
| [
"A",
"5",
"year",
"old",
"patient",
"attended",
"the",
"Primary",
"Care",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"(",
"SUAP",
")",
"accompanied",
"by",
"his",
"parents",
"and",
"requesting",
"treatment",
"for",
"his",
"Atopic",
"Dermatitis",
"(",
"AD",
")",
",",
"\"",
"because",
"the",
"child",
"had",
"had",
"an",
"outbreak",
"for",
"several",
"days",
"and",
"could",
"no",
"longer",
"cope",
"with",
"the",
"itching",
"\"",
".",
"Among",
"the",
"antecedents",
",",
"he",
"had",
"AD",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"emollients",
"and",
"moisturisers",
",",
"almost",
"daily",
",",
"and",
"with",
"pharmacological",
"treatment",
"with",
"corticoids",
"only",
"in",
"the",
"outbreaks",
",",
"so",
"they",
"assumed",
"the",
"situation",
"to",
"be",
"normal",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"known",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"process",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"numerous",
"skin",
"lesions",
",",
"worsened",
"by",
"scratching",
",",
"on",
"the",
"face",
",",
"inguinal",
"region",
",",
"hands",
"and",
"feet",
",",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"excoriations",
",",
"eczema",
",",
"papules",
"and",
"erosions",
".",
"A",
"personal",
"and",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"atopy-related",
"diseases",
"and",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"intense",
"pruritus",
"were",
"noted",
"in",
"the",
"consultation",
".",
"Both",
"parents",
"also",
"reported",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"pruritus",
"over",
"a",
"few",
"days",
",",
"which",
"they",
"attributed",
"to",
"having",
"been",
"in",
"the",
"countryside",
"the",
"previous",
"weekend",
",",
"where",
"they",
"saw",
"many",
"pine",
"processionnaires",
".",
"The",
"mother",
"also",
"reported",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"allergy",
"to",
"grasses",
",",
"olive",
"trees",
"and",
"mites",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"manifestation",
"of",
"pruritus",
"in",
"all",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"family",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"examine",
"the",
"parents",
",",
"and",
"a",
"few",
"excoriations",
"with",
"impetiginisation",
"were",
"observed",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"the",
"father",
",",
"on",
"the",
"abdomen",
",",
"waist",
",",
"inguinal",
"area",
",",
"arms",
",",
"wrists",
"and",
"interdigital",
"folds",
".",
"Following",
"suspicion",
"of",
"parasitosis",
"and",
"examination",
"of",
"some",
"characteristic",
"lesions",
"that",
"pointed",
"to",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"scabies",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"topical",
"permethrin",
"5",
"%",
"cream",
"and",
"oral",
"antihistamines",
"was",
"recommended",
",",
"and",
"a",
"check-up",
"was",
"requested",
"to",
"re-evaluate",
"the",
"process",
".",
"The",
"patients",
"reported",
"a",
"clear",
"and",
"rapid",
"improvement",
"from",
"the",
"day",
"the",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
".",
"Follow-up",
"by",
"the",
"family",
"doctor",
"and",
"paediatrician",
"showed",
"that",
"the",
"symptoms",
"had",
"disappeared",
"and",
"the",
"lesions",
"had",
"improved",
".",
"It",
"was",
"also",
"recommended",
"that",
"close",
"contacts",
"be",
"followed",
"up",
"in",
"case",
"they",
"showed",
"signs",
"of",
"infestation",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"In",
"this",
"case",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"pruritic",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"whole",
"family",
"was",
"sufficient",
"to",
"raise",
"suspicion",
"of",
"more",
"than",
"AD",
"in",
"the",
"child",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"signs",
"that",
"pointed",
"to",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"and",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"tests",
"or",
"techniques",
"to",
"confirm",
"scabies",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"pharmacological",
"treatment",
",",
"after",
"observing",
"some",
"lesions",
"compatible",
"with",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"scabies",
".",
"The",
"successful",
"and",
"rapid",
"therapeutic",
"response",
"served",
"as",
"a",
"good",
"measure",
"of",
"confirmation",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 13,
"end": 20
},
{
"text": "child",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 172,
"end": 177
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 94,
"end": 101
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 534,
"end": 541
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 719,
"end": 725
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 706,
"end": 714
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1026,
"end": 1032
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 835,
"end": 842
},
{
"text": "mites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1096,
"end": 1101
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1162,
"end": 1168
},
{
"text": "father",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1287,
"end": 1293
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1200,
"end": 1207
},
{
"text": "family doctor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1746,
"end": 1759
},
{
"text": "paediatrician",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1764,
"end": 1777
},
{
"text": "contacts",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1884,
"end": 1892
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1746,
"end": 1752
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2032,
"end": 2038
},
{
"text": "child",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2096,
"end": 2101
}
] | en |
We present the case of a 68-year-old male, with no history of interest and asymptomatic from the digestive point of view. He was referred to the outpatient Digestive Department for presenting normocytic anaemia and a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT). The rest of the blood tests and the physical examination showed no findings of interest. Colonoscopy showed an ulcerated lesion at the level of the cecum, in front of the ileocaecal valve, compatible with malignant neoplasia, from which multiple biopsies were taken. These showed ulcerated tissue with no tumour cells visible. In view of the suspected diagnosis, the study was completed with a CT scan, which showed thickening of the wall of the cecum and ascending colon with no evidence of lymph node or distant involvement. Tumour markers were normal. Given the negativity found in the samples, it was decided to repeat the colonoscopy, and biopsies were taken again, which were also negative for malignancy. The biopsies taken at the first colonoscopy were reviewed and showed granulomas with the presence of multinucleated giant cells and mycobacterial bacilli with Ziehl Nielsen staining.
The patient was referred to the outpatient pulmonology department, although he had no respiratory symptoms. Mantoux test was negative, but Quantiferon® was positive (value: 5.12). Chest X-ray showed a reticulonodular infiltrate in both upper fields. Sputum was collected, which was not bacilliferous, and samples were sent for culture, which were negative. PCR of the colon samples was also negative. Standard antituberculosis treatment was instituted with a good clinical course. Six months after the end of treatment, a follow-up colonoscopy was performed, which was normal.
| [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"68-year-old",
"male",
",",
"with",
"no",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"and",
"asymptomatic",
"from",
"the",
"digestive",
"point",
"of",
"view",
".",
"He",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"outpatient",
"Digestive",
"Department",
"for",
"presenting",
"normocytic",
"anaemia",
"and",
"a",
"positive",
"faecal",
"occult",
"blood",
"test",
"(",
"FOBT",
")",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"blood",
"tests",
"and",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
"showed",
"no",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Colonoscopy",
"showed",
"an",
"ulcerated",
"lesion",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"cecum",
",",
"in",
"front",
"of",
"the",
"ileocaecal",
"valve",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"malignant",
"neoplasia",
",",
"from",
"which",
"multiple",
"biopsies",
"were",
"taken",
".",
"These",
"showed",
"ulcerated",
"tissue",
"with",
"no",
"tumour",
"cells",
"visible",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"suspected",
"diagnosis",
",",
"the",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"a",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"wall",
"of",
"the",
"cecum",
"and",
"ascending",
"colon",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"lymph",
"node",
"or",
"distant",
"involvement",
".",
"Tumour",
"markers",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"negativity",
"found",
"in",
"the",
"samples",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"repeat",
"the",
"colonoscopy",
",",
"and",
"biopsies",
"were",
"taken",
"again",
",",
"which",
"were",
"also",
"negative",
"for",
"malignancy",
".",
"The",
"biopsies",
"taken",
"at",
"the",
"first",
"colonoscopy",
"were",
"reviewed",
"and",
"showed",
"granulomas",
"with",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"multinucleated",
"giant",
"cells",
"and",
"mycobacterial",
"bacilli",
"with",
"Ziehl",
"Nielsen",
"staining",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"outpatient",
"pulmonology",
"department",
",",
"although",
"he",
"had",
"no",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
".",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"but",
"Quantiferon",
"®",
"was",
"positive",
"(",
"value",
":",
"5",
".",
"12",
")",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"a",
"reticulonodular",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"both",
"upper",
"fields",
".",
"Sputum",
"was",
"collected",
",",
"which",
"was",
"not",
"bacilliferous",
",",
"and",
"samples",
"were",
"sent",
"for",
"culture",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"PCR",
"of",
"the",
"colon",
"samples",
"was",
"also",
"negative",
".",
"Standard",
"antituberculosis",
"treatment",
"was",
"instituted",
"with",
"a",
"good",
"clinical",
"course",
".",
"Six",
"months",
"after",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"a",
"follow-up",
"colonoscopy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"was",
"normal",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 37,
"end": 41
},
{
"text": "mycobacterial bacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1103,
"end": 1124
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1159,
"end": 1166
},
{
"text": "antituberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1565,
"end": 1581
}
] | en |
A 65-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fever, fatigue and cough of 5 days' duration. Initial blood work showed inflammatory syndrome with high C-reactive protein values (60 mg/L), bicytopenia (normocytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia) and lymphocytopenia. The patient was admitted to the internal medicine ward for evaluation. A non-contrast chest CT scan showed ground-glass opacities, characteristic of COVID-19 infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of SARS-CoV-2 by PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab.
The following day, the patient presented with high fever and chills. A rash was also seen on the lower extremities. Severe hypoxaemia (56 mm Hg) and low oxygen saturation (90.6%) prompted oxygen therapy with a high-concentration mask (15 L/min) and antibiotic therapy (spiramycin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid). As oxygen saturation continued to decrease to 88%, with worsening exanthema and tachypnoea, the patient was admitted to the pneumology intensive care unit.
Rapid pulmonary stabilisation with oxygen was achieved in the intensive care unit; however, the patient remained drowsy despite discontinuation of sedation. CT and MRI of the brain were performed to look for possible neurological complications, such as hypoxic ischaemic lesions or encephalitis. CT showed multiple cerebellar, white matter and basal ganglia hypodensities, as well as bilateral globus pallidus hyperdensities, all indicative of haemorrhage, confirmed on the MRI T2*-weighted sequence.
Brain MRI showed extensive ischaemic lesions, with limited diffusion, involving the semioval centre, corpus callosum, basal ganglia and cerebellum, with patchy/punctate enhancement. A frontal 3D MRA reconstruction of the supra-aortic arteries showed no detectable intra- or extracranial vessel abnormalities.
| [
"",
"A",
"65-year-old",
"man",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"fatigue",
"and",
"cough",
"of",
"5",
"days",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"Initial",
"blood",
"work",
"showed",
"inflammatory",
"syndrome",
"with",
"high",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"values",
"(",
"60",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"bicytopenia",
"(",
"normocytic",
"anaemia",
"and",
"thrombocytopenia",
")",
"and",
"lymphocytopenia",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"internal",
"medicine",
"ward",
"for",
"evaluation",
".",
"A",
"non-contrast",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
",",
"characteristic",
"of",
"COVID-19",
"infection",
".",
"The",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"confirmed",
"by",
"detection",
"of",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"by",
"PCR",
"from",
"a",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
".",
"The",
"following",
"day",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"high",
"fever",
"and",
"chills",
".",
"A",
"rash",
"was",
"also",
"seen",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"extremities",
".",
"Severe",
"hypoxaemia",
"(",
"56",
"mm",
"Hg",
")",
"and",
"low",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"(",
"90",
".",
"6",
"%",
")",
"prompted",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"with",
"a",
"high-concentration",
"mask",
"(",
"15",
"L",
"/",
"min",
")",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"(",
"spiramycin",
",",
"amoxicillin",
"and",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
")",
".",
"As",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"continued",
"to",
"decrease",
"to",
"88",
"%",
",",
"with",
"worsening",
"exanthema",
"and",
"tachypnoea",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"pneumology",
"intensive",
"care",
"unit",
".",
"Rapid",
"pulmonary",
"stabilisation",
"with",
"oxygen",
"was",
"achieved",
"in",
"the",
"intensive",
"care",
"unit",
";",
"however",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"drowsy",
"despite",
"discontinuation",
"of",
"sedation",
".",
"CT",
"and",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
"were",
"performed",
"to",
"look",
"for",
"possible",
"neurological",
"complications",
",",
"such",
"as",
"hypoxic",
"ischaemic",
"lesions",
"or",
"encephalitis",
".",
"CT",
"showed",
"multiple",
"cerebellar",
",",
"white",
"matter",
"and",
"basal",
"ganglia",
"hypodensities",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"bilateral",
"globus",
"pallidus",
"hyperdensities",
",",
"all",
"indicative",
"of",
"haemorrhage",
",",
"confirmed",
"on",
"the",
"MRI",
"T2",
"*",
"-",
"weighted",
"sequence",
".",
"Brain",
"MRI",
"showed",
"extensive",
"ischaemic",
"lesions",
",",
"with",
"limited",
"diffusion",
",",
"involving",
"the",
"semioval",
"centre",
",",
"corpus",
"callosum",
",",
"basal",
"ganglia",
"and",
"cerebellum",
",",
"with",
"patchy",
"/",
"punctate",
"enhancement",
".",
"A",
"frontal",
"3D",
"MRA",
"reconstruction",
"of",
"the",
"supra-aortic",
"arteries",
"showed",
"no",
"detectable",
"intra",
"-",
"or",
"extracranial",
"vessel",
"abnormalities",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 491,
"end": 501
},
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 282,
"end": 289
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 560,
"end": 567
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 948,
"end": 955
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1104,
"end": 1111
}
] | en |
On 17 March, a 48-year-old man attended the emergency department of the Policlinico Hospital of Bari (Puglia, Italy) with fever, cough, dyspnoea and hyporexia of 6 days' evolution. Physical examination showed normal vital signs, but due to 90% saturation in room air, he was given oxygen therapy at 6 litres per minute (Venturi mask 31%). The patient did not report any pre-existing diseases such as diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Because of suspected COVID-19, he was immediately admitted to the "grey zone" of internal medicine at the Polyclinic Hospital for COVID "Asclepios". Chest X-ray showed pneumonia (multiple bilateral thickenings with ill-defined borders and consolidation more evident on the right side). Real-time PCR of nasopharyngeal swab collected on 18 March revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2. The virus was detected by real-time PCR test targeting the E, RdRP and N genes. The patient presented with a severe form of the disease due to the presence of fever, respiratory symptoms, radiological signs of pneumonia and PaO2/FiO2 < 300mmHg. He was treated with oxygen at various volumes (up to 60% FiO2 MV), lopinavir/ritonavir (200/50 mg, 2 tablets ×2/day), hydroxychloroquine (400 mg twice daily on the first day and 200 mg twice daily thereafter), enoxaparin (600 IU twice daily) and methylprednisolone (initial dose 40 mg twice daily, then tapered). At the review after 6 days, the chest X-ray showed a slight improvement of the complaints.
After 14 days, the patient was afebrile and his respiratory symptoms disappeared. The chest X-ray revealed only diffuse areas of parenchymal thickening. Our hospital required two consecutive negative molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2, plus normal temperature, resolution of respiratory symptoms and improvement of lung imaging. The two nasopharyngeal swabs collected on 30 and 31 March were both negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accordingly, the patient was discharged and advised to maintain home quarantine for a minimum of 14 days. Molecular tests were also negative at his follow-up visit on 15 April, suggesting that the patient had been cured of COVID-19. In addition, two serological tests (VivaDiagTM, VivaChek Laboratories, INC, USA, and Anti SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG Test, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany) revealed the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. However, on 30 April he presented new symptoms, with dyspnoea and chest pain. He returned to the emergency department, where he was admitted to the same ward with suspected pulmonary embolism, confirmed by CT scan. The image showed segmental and subsegmental signs of arterial microembolism, with some areas of ground-glass opacities. Because of his recent clinical history, a SARS-CoV-2 molecular test was performed, with a positive result. In addition, serological tests revealed the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG only. To date, the patient is in good health, on anticoagulants and without the need for oxygen therapy.
| [
"",
"On",
"17",
"March",
",",
"a",
"48-year-old",
"man",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"of",
"the",
"Policlinico",
"Hospital",
"of",
"Bari",
"(",
"Puglia",
",",
"Italy",
")",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"cough",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"hyporexia",
"of",
"6",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"showed",
"normal",
"vital",
"signs",
",",
"but",
"due",
"to",
"90",
"%",
"saturation",
"in",
"room",
"air",
",",
"he",
"was",
"given",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"at",
"6",
"litres",
"per",
"minute",
"(",
"Venturi",
"mask",
"31",
"%",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"did",
"not",
"report",
"any",
"pre-existing",
"diseases",
"such",
"as",
"diabetes",
",",
"hypertension",
"or",
"cardiovascular",
"disease",
".",
"Because",
"of",
"suspected",
"COVID-19",
",",
"he",
"was",
"immediately",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"\"",
"grey",
"zone",
"\"",
"of",
"internal",
"medicine",
"at",
"the",
"Polyclinic",
"Hospital",
"for",
"COVID",
"\"",
"Asclepios",
"\"",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"pneumonia",
"(",
"multiple",
"bilateral",
"thickenings",
"with",
"ill-defined",
"borders",
"and",
"consolidation",
"more",
"evident",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"side",
")",
".",
"Real-time",
"PCR",
"of",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
"collected",
"on",
"18",
"March",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"SARS-CoV-2",
".",
"The",
"virus",
"was",
"detected",
"by",
"real-time",
"PCR",
"test",
"targeting",
"the",
"E",
",",
"RdRP",
"and",
"N",
"genes",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"a",
"severe",
"form",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
",",
"radiological",
"signs",
"of",
"pneumonia",
"and",
"PaO2",
"/",
"FiO2",
"<",
"300mmHg",
".",
"He",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"oxygen",
"at",
"various",
"volumes",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"60",
"%",
"FiO2",
"MV",
")",
",",
"lopinavir",
"/",
"ritonavir",
"(",
"200",
"/",
"50",
"mg",
",",
"2",
"tablets",
"×",
"2",
"/",
"day",
")",
",",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"(",
"400",
"mg",
"twice",
"daily",
"on",
"the",
"first",
"day",
"and",
"200",
"mg",
"twice",
"daily",
"thereafter",
")",
",",
"enoxaparin",
"(",
"600",
"IU",
"twice",
"daily",
")",
"and",
"methylprednisolone",
"(",
"initial",
"dose",
"40",
"mg",
"twice",
"daily",
",",
"then",
"tapered",
")",
".",
"At",
"the",
"review",
"after",
"6",
"days",
",",
"the",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"a",
"slight",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"complaints",
".",
"After",
"14",
"days",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"afebrile",
"and",
"his",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"disappeared",
".",
"The",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"revealed",
"only",
"diffuse",
"areas",
"of",
"parenchymal",
"thickening",
".",
"Our",
"hospital",
"required",
"two",
"consecutive",
"negative",
"molecular",
"tests",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
",",
"plus",
"normal",
"temperature",
",",
"resolution",
"of",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"and",
"improvement",
"of",
"lung",
"imaging",
".",
"The",
"two",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swabs",
"collected",
"on",
"30",
"and",
"31",
"March",
"were",
"both",
"negative",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"infection",
".",
"Accordingly",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"and",
"advised",
"to",
"maintain",
"home",
"quarantine",
"for",
"a",
"minimum",
"of",
"14",
"days",
".",
"Molecular",
"tests",
"were",
"also",
"negative",
"at",
"his",
"follow-up",
"visit",
"on",
"15",
"April",
",",
"suggesting",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"been",
"cured",
"of",
"COVID-19",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"two",
"serological",
"tests",
"(",
"VivaDiagTM",
",",
"VivaChek",
"Laboratories",
",",
"INC",
",",
"USA",
",",
"and",
"Anti",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"ELISA",
"IgG",
"Test",
",",
"Euroimmun",
",",
"Lübeck",
",",
"Germany",
")",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"anti-SARS-CoV-2",
"IgM",
"and",
"IgG",
".",
"However",
",",
"on",
"30",
"April",
"he",
"presented",
"new",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"chest",
"pain",
".",
"He",
"returned",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"where",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"same",
"ward",
"with",
"suspected",
"pulmonary",
"embolism",
",",
"confirmed",
"by",
"CT",
"scan",
".",
"The",
"image",
"showed",
"segmental",
"and",
"subsegmental",
"signs",
"of",
"arterial",
"microembolism",
",",
"with",
"some",
"areas",
"of",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
".",
"Because",
"of",
"his",
"recent",
"clinical",
"history",
",",
"a",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"molecular",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"a",
"positive",
"result",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"serological",
"tests",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"anti-SARS-CoV-2",
"IgG",
"only",
".",
"To",
"date",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"in",
"good",
"health",
",",
"on",
"anticoagulants",
"and",
"without",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 28,
"end": 31
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 344,
"end": 351
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 917,
"end": 924
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 837,
"end": 842
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 821,
"end": 831
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1502,
"end": 1509
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1928,
"end": 1935
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2108,
"end": 2115
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2880,
"end": 2887
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1703,
"end": 1713
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1889,
"end": 1899
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2234,
"end": 2244
}
] | en |
A 39-year-old woman, with no past history of interest, was referred to the endocrinology department to rule out pheochromocytoma, as she presented with hypertensive crisis during pregnancy (preterm birth by emergency caesarean section at 33 weeks due to pre-eclampsia) and elevated urinary fractionated metanephrines. The only symptomatology reported was a sudden headache of spontaneous onset and disappearance of approximately one year's duration. Home treatment: Doxazosin 4 mg/24 h.
FAMILY HISTORY
Mother with AHT. Maternal grandmother died of hypertensive crisis at the age of 51.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Weight 64.6 kg, height 165 cm, BMI 23.7 kg/m2. BP 117/81 mmHg. HR 70 bpm. No goitre or lymphadenopathy on cervical palpation.
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS PROVIDED
- 24h urine analysis (during pre-eclampsia):
- Fractionated catecholamines: Adrenaline and dopamine normal. Noradrenaline 1436.76 nmol/24h (Normal: 0-504).
- Fractionated metanephrines: Normetanephrine 14121.17 nmol/24h (Normal: 400-2424). Metanephrines: normal.
- Other amines: Vanillylmandelic, 5-hydroxyindolacetic and homovalineic acids normal.
- Abdomino-pelvic MRI: no findings.
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS REQUESTED SEQUENTIALLY
- Blood tests: Glucose, creatinine, ions, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, PTH, pituitary hormones, renin and aldosterone normal. Plasma metanephrine: 12 pg/ml (Normal <90 pg/ml) and normetanephrine 253 pg/ml (Normal <180 pg/ml).
- Whole body scan (sympathoadrenal, I123-MIBG): physiological radiotracer distribution.
- 24h urine analysis:
- Fractionated catecholamines: Adrenaline and dopamine normal. Noradrenaline 2920.5 nmol/24h.
- Fractionated metanephrines: Normetanephrine 7068.65 nmol/24h. Metanephrines: normal.
- Other amines: normal.
- MRI with total body IV contrast: lobulated morphology lesion of 35 mm, located in the upper region of the right carotid space, with intense enhancement after contrast, compatible with paraganglioma of the vagus.
- CT with contrast iv of the neck: Heterogeneous tumour, dense, with areas of necrosis and appearance of significant vascularisation, located between the right carotid and jugular veins, about 38 mm. Compatible with paraganglioma.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Paraganglioma of the right vagus producing noradrenaline and normetanephrines.
EVOLUTION
Referral to the Otorhinolaryngology Department, which referred the patient to the referral Otorhinolaryngology Department, and the patient underwent surgery after embolisation of the paraganglioma the previous day. Blood pressure and catecholamines/methanephrines were normal after surgery. Mild dysphagia and dysphonia in rehabilitation after surgery.
- Negative genetic study, sequentially ruling out point mutations, deletions or duplications of the following genes: SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF1 and SDHAF2. No variants were identified that could be considered pathogenic or of uncertain significance in the analysed regions of the following genes: EPAS1, KIF1B, MAX, MDH2, RET, TMEM127 and VHL.
| [
"A",
"39-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"past",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"endocrinology",
"department",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"pheochromocytoma",
",",
"as",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"hypertensive",
"crisis",
"during",
"pregnancy",
"(",
"preterm",
"birth",
"by",
"emergency",
"caesarean",
"section",
"at",
"33",
"weeks",
"due",
"to",
"pre-eclampsia",
")",
"and",
"elevated",
"urinary",
"fractionated",
"metanephrines",
".",
"The",
"only",
"symptomatology",
"reported",
"was",
"a",
"sudden",
"headache",
"of",
"spontaneous",
"onset",
"and",
"disappearance",
"of",
"approximately",
"one",
"year",
"'",
"s",
"duration",
".",
"Home",
"treatment",
":",
"Doxazosin",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
".",
"FAMILY",
"HISTORY",
"Mother",
"with",
"AHT",
".",
"Maternal",
"grandmother",
"died",
"of",
"hypertensive",
"crisis",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"51",
".",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
"Weight",
"64",
".",
"6",
"kg",
",",
"height",
"165",
"cm",
",",
"BMI",
"23",
".",
"7",
"kg",
"/",
"m2",
".",
"BP",
"117",
"/",
"81",
"mmHg",
".",
"HR",
"70",
"bpm",
".",
"No",
"goitre",
"or",
"lymphadenopathy",
"on",
"cervical",
"palpation",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"PROVIDED",
"-",
"24h",
"urine",
"analysis",
"(",
"during",
"pre-eclampsia",
")",
":",
"-",
"Fractionated",
"catecholamines",
":",
"Adrenaline",
"and",
"dopamine",
"normal",
".",
"Noradrenaline",
"1436",
".",
"76",
"nmol",
"/",
"24h",
"(",
"Normal",
":",
"0-504",
")",
".",
"-",
"Fractionated",
"metanephrines",
":",
"Normetanephrine",
"14121",
".",
"17",
"nmol",
"/",
"24h",
"(",
"Normal",
":",
"400-2424",
")",
".",
"Metanephrines",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Other",
"amines",
":",
"Vanillylmandelic",
",",
"5-hydroxyindolacetic",
"and",
"homovalineic",
"acids",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Abdomino-pelvic",
"MRI",
":",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"REQUESTED",
"SEQUENTIALLY",
"-",
"Blood",
"tests",
":",
"Glucose",
",",
"creatinine",
",",
"ions",
",",
"magnesium",
",",
"calcium",
",",
"phosphate",
",",
"PTH",
",",
"pituitary",
"hormones",
",",
"renin",
"and",
"aldosterone",
"normal",
".",
"Plasma",
"metanephrine",
":",
"12",
"pg",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"Normal",
"<",
"90",
"pg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
"and",
"normetanephrine",
"253",
"pg",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"Normal",
"<",
"180",
"pg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
".",
"-",
"Whole",
"body",
"scan",
"(",
"sympathoadrenal",
",",
"I123-MIBG",
")",
":",
"physiological",
"radiotracer",
"distribution",
".",
"-",
"24h",
"urine",
"analysis",
":",
"-",
"Fractionated",
"catecholamines",
":",
"Adrenaline",
"and",
"dopamine",
"normal",
".",
"Noradrenaline",
"2920",
".",
"5",
"nmol",
"/",
"24h",
".",
"-",
"Fractionated",
"metanephrines",
":",
"Normetanephrine",
"7068",
".",
"65",
"nmol",
"/",
"24h",
".",
"Metanephrines",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Other",
"amines",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"MRI",
"with",
"total",
"body",
"IV",
"contrast",
":",
"lobulated",
"morphology",
"lesion",
"of",
"35",
"mm",
",",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"carotid",
"space",
",",
"with",
"intense",
"enhancement",
"after",
"contrast",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"paraganglioma",
"of",
"the",
"vagus",
".",
"-",
"CT",
"with",
"contrast",
"iv",
"of",
"the",
"neck",
":",
"Heterogeneous",
"tumour",
",",
"dense",
",",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"necrosis",
"and",
"appearance",
"of",
"significant",
"vascularisation",
",",
"located",
"between",
"the",
"right",
"carotid",
"and",
"jugular",
"veins",
",",
"about",
"38",
"mm",
".",
"Compatible",
"with",
"paraganglioma",
".",
"CLINICAL",
"JUDGMENT",
"Paraganglioma",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"vagus",
"producing",
"noradrenaline",
"and",
"normetanephrines",
".",
"EVOLUTION",
"Referral",
"to",
"the",
"Otorhinolaryngology",
"Department",
",",
"which",
"referred",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"the",
"referral",
"Otorhinolaryngology",
"Department",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"underwent",
"surgery",
"after",
"embolisation",
"of",
"the",
"paraganglioma",
"the",
"previous",
"day",
".",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"and",
"catecholamines",
"/",
"methanephrines",
"were",
"normal",
"after",
"surgery",
".",
"Mild",
"dysphagia",
"and",
"dysphonia",
"in",
"rehabilitation",
"after",
"surgery",
".",
"-",
"Negative",
"genetic",
"study",
",",
"sequentially",
"ruling",
"out",
"point",
"mutations",
",",
"deletions",
"or",
"duplications",
"of",
"the",
"following",
"genes",
":",
"SDHB",
",",
"SDHC",
",",
"SDHD",
",",
"SDHAF1",
"and",
"SDHAF2",
".",
"No",
"variants",
"were",
"identified",
"that",
"could",
"be",
"considered",
"pathogenic",
"or",
"of",
"uncertain",
"significance",
"in",
"the",
"analysed",
"regions",
"of",
"the",
"following",
"genes",
":",
"EPAS1",
",",
"KIF1B",
",",
"MAX",
",",
"MDH2",
",",
"RET",
",",
"TMEM127",
"and",
"VHL",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "FAMILY",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 488,
"end": 494
},
{
"text": "Maternal grandmother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 520,
"end": 540
},
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 503,
"end": 509
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2358,
"end": 2365
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2422,
"end": 2429
}
] | en |
70-year-old male, no known drug allergies, hypertensive, non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus, central obesity. Ex-smoker for more than 20 years, SAHS with good adaptation to home CPAP. Permanent anticoagulated AF with normal LVEF. Independent for all basic activities of daily living, moderate effort dyspnoea, NYHA III. On chronic treatment with: rivaroxaban 20 mg, irbesartan 300 mg, doxazosin 4 mg, furosemide 40 mg, alogliptin 12.5 mg and metformin 1000 mg.
He consulted because he had been coughing for 3-4 days with purulent expectoration and dyspnoea on minimal effort, accompanied by febrile fever. He was assessed by his primary care physician who started treatment with bronchodilators, mucolytics and azithromycin 500 mg (he has taken two doses) without evident clinical improvement. He reported no chest pain or palpitations.
Physical examination revealed a baseline oxygen saturation of 89% rising to 95-97% with nasal spectacles at 3 bpm, arrhythmic heart tones, rhonchi and scattered wheezing on auscultation of the posterior lung, abdomen and lower limbs with no appreciable pathological findings.
Laboratory tests showed CRP 9.63 mg/dl, and the rest of the biochemistry, blood count and coagulation were normal. Arterial blood gases: pH 7.49, pCO2 38 mmHg, pO2 54 mmHg, HCO3 29 mmEq/L, O2 saturation 88%, FiO2 21%, lactate 0.8 mmol/L. Antigenuria for Legionella and Pneumococcus was negative. The ECG showed atrial fibrillation at 80 bpm without repolarisation alterations. Chest X-ray: increased right parahilar density with signs of vascular redistribution (see attached image).
Sputum culture showed Kluyvera cryocrescens resistant to ampicillin and cefuroxime, sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin and piperacillin-tazobactam. Therefore, treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, which had been started on admission, was maintained. He showed good clinical evolution on the ward and was discharged with a diagnosis of community-acquired middle lobe pneumonia due to Kluyvera cryocrescens and partial acute respiratory failure.
Kluyvera cryocrescens is a gram-negative enterobacterium that is a rare cause of relevant infection in humans. However, there are some cases described in the literature, mainly in patients who develop septic processes.
| [
"70-year-old",
"male",
",",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"hypertensive",
",",
"non-insulin-dependent",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"central",
"obesity",
".",
"Ex-smoker",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"20",
"years",
",",
"SAHS",
"with",
"good",
"adaptation",
"to",
"home",
"CPAP",
".",
"Permanent",
"anticoagulated",
"AF",
"with",
"normal",
"LVEF",
".",
"Independent",
"for",
"all",
"basic",
"activities",
"of",
"daily",
"living",
",",
"moderate",
"effort",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"NYHA",
"III",
".",
"On",
"chronic",
"treatment",
"with",
":",
"rivaroxaban",
"20",
"mg",
",",
"irbesartan",
"300",
"mg",
",",
"doxazosin",
"4",
"mg",
",",
"furosemide",
"40",
"mg",
",",
"alogliptin",
"12",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"and",
"metformin",
"1000",
"mg",
".",
"He",
"consulted",
"because",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"coughing",
"for",
"3-4",
"days",
"with",
"purulent",
"expectoration",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
"on",
"minimal",
"effort",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"febrile",
"fever",
".",
"He",
"was",
"assessed",
"by",
"his",
"primary",
"care",
"physician",
"who",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"bronchodilators",
",",
"mucolytics",
"and",
"azithromycin",
"500",
"mg",
"(",
"he",
"has",
"taken",
"two",
"doses",
")",
"without",
"evident",
"clinical",
"improvement",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"no",
"chest",
"pain",
"or",
"palpitations",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"baseline",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"of",
"89",
"%",
"rising",
"to",
"95-97",
"%",
"with",
"nasal",
"spectacles",
"at",
"3",
"bpm",
",",
"arrhythmic",
"heart",
"tones",
",",
"rhonchi",
"and",
"scattered",
"wheezing",
"on",
"auscultation",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"lung",
",",
"abdomen",
"and",
"lower",
"limbs",
"with",
"no",
"appreciable",
"pathological",
"findings",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"CRP",
"9",
".",
"63",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"biochemistry",
",",
"blood",
"count",
"and",
"coagulation",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Arterial",
"blood",
"gases",
":",
"pH",
"7",
".",
"49",
",",
"pCO2",
"38",
"mmHg",
",",
"pO2",
"54",
"mmHg",
",",
"HCO3",
"29",
"mmEq",
"/",
"L",
",",
"O2",
"saturation",
"88",
"%",
",",
"FiO2",
"21",
"%",
",",
"lactate",
"0",
".",
"8",
"mmol",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Antigenuria",
"for",
"Legionella",
"and",
"Pneumococcus",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"ECG",
"showed",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
"at",
"80",
"bpm",
"without",
"repolarisation",
"alterations",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"increased",
"right",
"parahilar",
"density",
"with",
"signs",
"of",
"vascular",
"redistribution",
"(",
"see",
"attached",
"image",
")",
".",
"Sputum",
"culture",
"showed",
"Kluyvera",
"cryocrescens",
"resistant",
"to",
"ampicillin",
"and",
"cefuroxime",
",",
"sensitive",
"to",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
",",
"cefotaxime",
",",
"ciprofloxacin",
",",
"cotrimoxazole",
",",
"gentamicin",
"and",
"piperacillin-tazobactam",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
",",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"started",
"on",
"admission",
",",
"was",
"maintained",
".",
"He",
"showed",
"good",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"community-acquired",
"middle",
"lobe",
"pneumonia",
"due",
"to",
"Kluyvera",
"cryocrescens",
"and",
"partial",
"acute",
"respiratory",
"failure",
".",
"Kluyvera",
"cryocrescens",
"is",
"a",
"gram-negative",
"enterobacterium",
"that",
"is",
"a",
"rare",
"cause",
"of",
"relevant",
"infection",
"in",
"humans",
".",
"However",
",",
"there",
"are",
"some",
"cases",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"literature",
",",
"mainly",
"in",
"patients",
"who",
"develop",
"septic",
"processes",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 16
},
{
"text": "primary care physician",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 641,
"end": 663
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1379,
"end": 1389
},
{
"text": "Pneumococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1394,
"end": 1406
},
{
"text": "Kluyvera cryocrescens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1631,
"end": 1652
},
{
"text": "Kluyvera cryocrescens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2058,
"end": 2079
},
{
"text": "humans",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2222,
"end": 2228
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2299,
"end": 2307
},
{
"text": "Kluyvera cryocrescens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2119,
"end": 2140
}
] | en |
A 79-year-old man, ex-smoker since the age of 70 (total of 30 pack-years) consulted for fever of one month's evolution. His medical history includes allergy to penicillin, hypertension without vascular complications, chronic bronchitis without exacerbation and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Regular treatment with Plusvent accuhaler 50/500 mcg 1 inh every 12h, Amlodipine 5m every 24h, Doxazosin 4mg 1 comp every 24h. The clinical picture began on 09.07.13 when she consulted the reference hospital for right lumbosacral pain with exploratory manoeuvres suggestive of sacroiliitis, for which infiltration was performed, and the pain subsided. Reconsultation on 23.07.13 at the same centre for fever of 8 days' evolution with chills, accompanied by dysuria, sporadic vomiting of food content and some episodes of diarrhoea without pathological products. A haemogram was performed which showed no leukocytosis, urine sediment was negative, and the patient was assessed as enteroinvasive gastroenteritis and treatment was prescribed with ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12h for 10 days. She consulted our centre on 12.08.13 due to persistent high fever of up to 39oC, daily and predominantly in the evening, accompanied by profuse sweating, which was occasionally accompanied by episodes of frank shivering every 24-48h accompanied by cough with scanty expectoration and resolution of the digestive symptoms. Epidemiological history included a trip to the province of Badajoz 7 days prior to consultation. Physical examination revealed a temperature of 38.1oC, minimal healed wound in the pretibial region of the right leg with no inflammatory signs, no stigmata of infectious endocarditis and no other relevant findings. Laboratory tests showed elevated acute phase reactants and normochromic normocytic anaemia with no evidence of haemolysis, which was suggested to be secondary to the underlying inflammatory process. Lumbar puncture showed clear CSF with lymphocytic pleocytosis, mild proteinuria and normal glucuroraemia. Serology for germs causing mononucleosis syndromes (HIV neg, Toxoplasma IgG+/IgM-, EBV IgG+/IgM-, CMV IgG+/IgM+), Borrelia burgdorferi IgM+/IgG positive, Rose Bengal, Quantiferon, Leptospira, Coxiella and Ricketsia negative. A thoracoabdominal CT ruled out intra-abdominal abscesses, organomegaly or pathological lymphadenopathies. Transthoracic echocardiogram ruled out the presence of vegetations. ANAs at a titre of 1/320. Suspicion of tick-borne endemic relapsing fever type borreliosis based on epidemiology, compatible clinical manifestations and positive IgM serology for Borrelia burgdorferi. Positive serology for CMV is oriented as possible reactivation of chronic latent infection due to relative immunosuppression in the context of subacute Borrelia infection. However, in the absence of compatible clinical manifestations and the existence of a more plausible alternative cause, antiviral treatment was not considered necessary. Finally, the presence of Borrelia hispanica was confirmed by PCR. The patient started treatment with doxycycline at a dose of 100mg/12h, with good tolerance (especially not clinically suggestive of Jarish-Herxheimer reaction) and was apyretic in less than 12 hours. He remained afebrile, with progressive improvement in general condition and analytical resolution.
| [
"A",
"79-year-old",
"man",
",",
"ex-smoker",
"since",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"70",
"(",
"total",
"of",
"30",
"pack-years",
")",
"consulted",
"for",
"fever",
"of",
"one",
"month",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
".",
"His",
"medical",
"history",
"includes",
"allergy",
"to",
"penicillin",
",",
"hypertension",
"without",
"vascular",
"complications",
",",
"chronic",
"bronchitis",
"without",
"exacerbation",
"and",
"benign",
"prostatic",
"hyperplasia",
".",
"Regular",
"treatment",
"with",
"Plusvent",
"accuhaler",
"50",
"/",
"500",
"mcg",
"1",
"inh",
"every",
"12h",
",",
"Amlodipine",
"5m",
"every",
"24h",
",",
"Doxazosin",
"4mg",
"1",
"comp",
"every",
"24h",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"picture",
"began",
"on",
"09",
".",
"07",
".",
"13",
"when",
"she",
"consulted",
"the",
"reference",
"hospital",
"for",
"right",
"lumbosacral",
"pain",
"with",
"exploratory",
"manoeuvres",
"suggestive",
"of",
"sacroiliitis",
",",
"for",
"which",
"infiltration",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"and",
"the",
"pain",
"subsided",
".",
"Reconsultation",
"on",
"23",
".",
"07",
".",
"13",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"centre",
"for",
"fever",
"of",
"8",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
"with",
"chills",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"dysuria",
",",
"sporadic",
"vomiting",
"of",
"food",
"content",
"and",
"some",
"episodes",
"of",
"diarrhoea",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
".",
"A",
"haemogram",
"was",
"performed",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"leukocytosis",
",",
"urine",
"sediment",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"assessed",
"as",
"enteroinvasive",
"gastroenteritis",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"prescribed",
"with",
"ciprofloxacin",
"500",
"mg",
"every",
"12h",
"for",
"10",
"days",
".",
"She",
"consulted",
"our",
"centre",
"on",
"12",
".",
"08",
".",
"13",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"high",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
",",
"daily",
"and",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"evening",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"profuse",
"sweating",
",",
"which",
"was",
"occasionally",
"accompanied",
"by",
"episodes",
"of",
"frank",
"shivering",
"every",
"24-48h",
"accompanied",
"by",
"cough",
"with",
"scanty",
"expectoration",
"and",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"digestive",
"symptoms",
".",
"Epidemiological",
"history",
"included",
"a",
"trip",
"to",
"the",
"province",
"of",
"Badajoz",
"7",
"days",
"prior",
"to",
"consultation",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"temperature",
"of",
"38",
".",
"1oC",
",",
"minimal",
"healed",
"wound",
"in",
"the",
"pretibial",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"leg",
"with",
"no",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
",",
"no",
"stigmata",
"of",
"infectious",
"endocarditis",
"and",
"no",
"other",
"relevant",
"findings",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"elevated",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"and",
"normochromic",
"normocytic",
"anaemia",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"haemolysis",
",",
"which",
"was",
"suggested",
"to",
"be",
"secondary",
"to",
"the",
"underlying",
"inflammatory",
"process",
".",
"Lumbar",
"puncture",
"showed",
"clear",
"CSF",
"with",
"lymphocytic",
"pleocytosis",
",",
"mild",
"proteinuria",
"and",
"normal",
"glucuroraemia",
".",
"Serology",
"for",
"germs",
"causing",
"mononucleosis",
"syndromes",
"(",
"HIV",
"neg",
",",
"Toxoplasma",
"IgG",
"+",
"/",
"IgM",
"-",
",",
"EBV",
"IgG",
"+",
"/",
"IgM",
"-",
",",
"CMV",
"IgG",
"+",
"/",
"IgM",
"+",
")",
",",
"Borrelia",
"burgdorferi",
"IgM",
"+",
"/",
"IgG",
"positive",
",",
"Rose",
"Bengal",
",",
"Quantiferon",
",",
"Leptospira",
",",
"Coxiella",
"and",
"Ricketsia",
"negative",
".",
"A",
"thoracoabdominal",
"CT",
"ruled",
"out",
"intra-abdominal",
"abscesses",
",",
"organomegaly",
"or",
"pathological",
"lymphadenopathies",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"vegetations",
".",
"ANAs",
"at",
"a",
"titre",
"of",
"1",
"/",
"320",
".",
"Suspicion",
"of",
"tick-borne",
"endemic",
"relapsing",
"fever",
"type",
"borreliosis",
"based",
"on",
"epidemiology",
",",
"compatible",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"and",
"positive",
"IgM",
"serology",
"for",
"Borrelia",
"burgdorferi",
".",
"Positive",
"serology",
"for",
"CMV",
"is",
"oriented",
"as",
"possible",
"reactivation",
"of",
"chronic",
"latent",
"infection",
"due",
"to",
"relative",
"immunosuppression",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"subacute",
"Borrelia",
"infection",
".",
"However",
",",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"compatible",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"and",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"a",
"more",
"plausible",
"alternative",
"cause",
",",
"antiviral",
"treatment",
"was",
"not",
"considered",
"necessary",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"Borrelia",
"hispanica",
"was",
"confirmed",
"by",
"PCR",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"doxycycline",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"100mg",
"/",
"12h",
",",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
"(",
"especially",
"not",
"clinically",
"suggestive",
"of",
"Jarish-Herxheimer",
"reaction",
")",
"and",
"was",
"apyretic",
"in",
"less",
"than",
"12",
"hours",
".",
"He",
"remained",
"afebrile",
",",
"with",
"progressive",
"improvement",
"in",
"general",
"condition",
"and",
"analytical",
"resolution",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2133,
"end": 2141
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2598,
"end": 2606
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2772,
"end": 2780
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2986,
"end": 2994
},
{
"text": "Borrelia hispanica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2986,
"end": 3004
},
{
"text": "Borrelia burgdorferi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2133,
"end": 2153
},
{
"text": "Borrelia burgdorferi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2598,
"end": 2618
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2117,
"end": 2120
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2642,
"end": 2645
},
{
"text": "Coxiella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2211,
"end": 2219
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2102,
"end": 2105
},
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "Leptospira",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2199,
"end": 2209
},
{
"text": "Ricketsia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2224,
"end": 2233
},
{
"text": "Toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2080,
"end": 2090
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2071,
"end": 2074
},
{
"text": "antiviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2911,
"end": 2920
},
{
"text": "tick",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2458,
"end": 2462
},
{
"text": "germs causing mononucleosis syndromes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2032,
"end": 2069
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 946,
"end": 953
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3031,
"end": 3038
}
] | en |
An 11-year-old girl who, after eating yoghurt with almonds and peanuts, presented with dyspnoea, dysphagia, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria and labial angioedema. She was treated with adrenaline and remained asymptomatic. After 8 hours, the clinical symptoms reappeared, so adrenaline was administered and she was admitted, repeating 2-3 episodes per day, requiring a total of 5 doses of adrenaline over 4 days. Study with negative results for tryptase, skin tests and food-specific IgE, and quantitative and functional C1 inhibitor. Tolerance to milk, walnuts, pistachios and sunflower seeds was demonstrated; oral exposure test to other nuts is pending.
An 8-year-old boy who, after taking amoxicillin and ibuprofen for tooth extraction, presented with lip oedema and generalised urticaria, treated with dexchlorferinamine and prednisone. After 12 hours the symptoms persisted with the addition of abdominal pain and vomiting, which resolved with adrenaline. After 4 hours the symptoms reappeared and he was admitted, requiring 13 doses of adrenaline for 4 days. Between episodes the patient had a mild urticarial rash. Laboratory tests (serial tryptase, complement, quantitative and functional C1 inhibitor, eosinophil cationic protein, serology, Phadiatop, and penicillin- and amoxicillin-specific Ig E) were negative. The patient did not attend subsequent follow-ups and no skin or exposure tests were performed.
| [
"An",
"11-year-old",
"girl",
"who",
",",
"after",
"eating",
"yoghurt",
"with",
"almonds",
"and",
"peanuts",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"dysphagia",
",",
"rhinoconjunctivitis",
",",
"urticaria",
"and",
"labial",
"angioedema",
".",
"She",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"adrenaline",
"and",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
".",
"After",
"8",
"hours",
",",
"the",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
"reappeared",
",",
"so",
"adrenaline",
"was",
"administered",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
",",
"repeating",
"2-3",
"episodes",
"per",
"day",
",",
"requiring",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"5",
"doses",
"of",
"adrenaline",
"over",
"4",
"days",
".",
"Study",
"with",
"negative",
"results",
"for",
"tryptase",
",",
"skin",
"tests",
"and",
"food-specific",
"IgE",
",",
"and",
"quantitative",
"and",
"functional",
"C1",
"inhibitor",
".",
"Tolerance",
"to",
"milk",
",",
"walnuts",
",",
"pistachios",
"and",
"sunflower",
"seeds",
"was",
"demonstrated",
";",
"oral",
"exposure",
"test",
"to",
"other",
"nuts",
"is",
"pending",
".",
"An",
"8-year-old",
"boy",
"who",
",",
"after",
"taking",
"amoxicillin",
"and",
"ibuprofen",
"for",
"tooth",
"extraction",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"lip",
"oedema",
"and",
"generalised",
"urticaria",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"dexchlorferinamine",
"and",
"prednisone",
".",
"After",
"12",
"hours",
"the",
"symptoms",
"persisted",
"with",
"the",
"addition",
"of",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"and",
"vomiting",
",",
"which",
"resolved",
"with",
"adrenaline",
".",
"After",
"4",
"hours",
"the",
"symptoms",
"reappeared",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
",",
"requiring",
"13",
"doses",
"of",
"adrenaline",
"for",
"4",
"days",
".",
"Between",
"episodes",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"mild",
"urticarial",
"rash",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"(",
"serial",
"tryptase",
",",
"complement",
",",
"quantitative",
"and",
"functional",
"C1",
"inhibitor",
",",
"eosinophil",
"cationic",
"protein",
",",
"serology",
",",
"Phadiatop",
",",
"and",
"penicillin",
"-",
"and",
"amoxicillin-specific",
"Ig",
"E",
")",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"did",
"not",
"attend",
"subsequent",
"follow-ups",
"and",
"no",
"skin",
"or",
"exposure",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "almonds",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 51,
"end": 58
},
{
"text": "peanuts",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 63,
"end": 70
},
{
"text": "pistachios",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 561,
"end": 571
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1085,
"end": 1092
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1326,
"end": 1333
}
] | en |
Man 43 years old, from Spain, who travels several times a year to Brazil and Venezuela for periods of 10-15 days for work (first trip in January 2000). He has no known allergies or pathological history of interest, and is a regular blood donor. He has not received any vaccinations in recent years. Her stays will basically be in major cities (Caracas, Valencia, Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador de Bahia, Sao Paulo), but she will take advantage of the weekends to do some sightseeing and would like to visit places such as Angel Falls or the Iguazu Falls. At the Travel Clinic - December 1999 - she is prescribed and administered vaccinations against: yellow fever, tetanus-diphtheria, hepatitis A+B and typhoid fever. Hygienic food and water measures are advised, as well as barrier measures to avoid insect bites.
In this case, although the traveller is not travelling through rural areas, he/she may be exposed to bites from mosquitoes that transmit the dengue virus, a mainly urban disease and the most frequent arbovirosis in the world, with a high incidence in Asia, Africa, Central and South America.
Dengue virus is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species of mosquitoes.
| [
"Man",
"43",
"years",
"old",
",",
"from",
"Spain",
",",
"who",
"travels",
"several",
"times",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"Brazil",
"and",
"Venezuela",
"for",
"periods",
"of",
"10-15",
"days",
"for",
"work",
"(",
"first",
"trip",
"in",
"January",
"2000",
")",
".",
"He",
"has",
"no",
"known",
"allergies",
"or",
"pathological",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"and",
"is",
"a",
"regular",
"blood",
"donor",
".",
"He",
"has",
"not",
"received",
"any",
"vaccinations",
"in",
"recent",
"years",
".",
"Her",
"stays",
"will",
"basically",
"be",
"in",
"major",
"cities",
"(",
"Caracas",
",",
"Valencia",
",",
"Fortaleza",
",",
"Rio",
"de",
"Janeiro",
",",
"Salvador",
"de",
"Bahia",
",",
"Sao",
"Paulo",
")",
",",
"but",
"she",
"will",
"take",
"advantage",
"of",
"the",
"weekends",
"to",
"do",
"some",
"sightseeing",
"and",
"would",
"like",
"to",
"visit",
"places",
"such",
"as",
"Angel",
"Falls",
"or",
"the",
"Iguazu",
"Falls",
".",
"At",
"the",
"Travel",
"Clinic",
"-",
"December",
"1999",
"-",
"she",
"is",
"prescribed",
"and",
"administered",
"vaccinations",
"against",
":",
"yellow",
"fever",
",",
"tetanus-diphtheria",
",",
"hepatitis",
"A",
"+",
"B",
"and",
"typhoid",
"fever",
".",
"Hygienic",
"food",
"and",
"water",
"measures",
"are",
"advised",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"barrier",
"measures",
"to",
"avoid",
"insect",
"bites",
".",
"In",
"this",
"case",
",",
"although",
"the",
"traveller",
"is",
"not",
"travelling",
"through",
"rural",
"areas",
",",
"he",
"/",
"she",
"may",
"be",
"exposed",
"to",
"bites",
"from",
"mosquitoes",
"that",
"transmit",
"the",
"dengue",
"virus",
",",
"a",
"mainly",
"urban",
"disease",
"and",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"arbovirosis",
"in",
"the",
"world",
",",
"with",
"a",
"high",
"incidence",
"in",
"Asia",
",",
"Africa",
",",
"Central",
"and",
"South",
"America",
".",
"Dengue",
"virus",
"is",
"transmitted",
"by",
"the",
"Aedes",
"aegypti",
"and",
"Aedes",
"albopictus",
"species",
"of",
"mosquitoes",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 3
},
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 806,
"end": 812
},
{
"text": "donor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 238,
"end": 243
},
{
"text": "traveller",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 848,
"end": 857
},
{
"text": "dengue virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 962,
"end": 974
},
{
"text": "Dengue virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1114,
"end": 1126
},
{
"text": "Aedes aegypti",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1149,
"end": 1162
},
{
"text": "Aedes albopictus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1167,
"end": 1183
}
] | en |
An otherwise healthy 64-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with hyperthermia, fatigue and dry cough with a course of two days. The patient reported that she had recently travelled to Wuhan, the focus of the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, to Shanghai one day before admission. On physical examination, fever and tachypnoea were noted. Thick rales were auscultated during inspiration and expiration. Laboratory tests showed a white blood cell count of 4.6 × 109/L with 87.4% neutrophils and 10.0% lymphocytes. Inflammatory marker values were high, with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 67 mm/h and a C-reactive protein of 57.7 mg/L. A chest CT scan showed multiple ground-glass opacities in both lungs. Real-time RT-PCR of a pharyngeal swab from the patient was positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. Subsequently, the patient was transferred to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre for further treatment. She showed a satisfactory response to medical treatment and was discharged two weeks after the onset of the disease.
| [
"An",
"otherwise",
"healthy",
"64-year-old",
"woman",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"our",
"hospital",
"with",
"hyperthermia",
",",
"fatigue",
"and",
"dry",
"cough",
"with",
"a",
"course",
"of",
"two",
"days",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reported",
"that",
"she",
"had",
"recently",
"travelled",
"to",
"Wuhan",
",",
"the",
"focus",
"of",
"the",
"2019",
"new",
"coronavirus",
"(",
"2019-nCoV",
")",
"outbreak",
",",
"to",
"Shanghai",
"one",
"day",
"before",
"admission",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"fever",
"and",
"tachypnoea",
"were",
"noted",
".",
"Thick",
"rales",
"were",
"auscultated",
"during",
"inspiration",
"and",
"expiration",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"a",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
"of",
"4",
".",
"6",
"×",
"109",
"/",
"L",
"with",
"87",
".",
"4",
"%",
"neutrophils",
"and",
"10",
".",
"0",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
".",
"Inflammatory",
"marker",
"values",
"were",
"high",
",",
"with",
"an",
"erythrocyte",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"(",
"ESR",
")",
"of",
"67",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
"and",
"a",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"of",
"57",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"multiple",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
"in",
"both",
"lungs",
".",
"Real-time",
"RT-PCR",
"of",
"a",
"pharyngeal",
"swab",
"from",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"2019-nCoV",
"nucleic",
"acid",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"Shanghai",
"Public",
"Health",
"Clinical",
"Centre",
"for",
"further",
"treatment",
".",
"She",
"showed",
"a",
"satisfactory",
"response",
"to",
"medical",
"treatment",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"two",
"weeks",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 33,
"end": 38
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 140,
"end": 147
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 779,
"end": 786
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 846,
"end": 853
},
{
"text": "2019-nCoV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 238,
"end": 247
},
{
"text": "2019-nCoV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 804,
"end": 813
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
Male, 29 years old, born in Senegal and resident in Almería for 7 years, without subsequent trips back to his country of origin. Agricultural labourer. He denied any personal history of interest, toxic habits and regular treatment.
He was referred to the Internal Medicine Department for the onset, 2 months ago, of respiratory difficulty and retrosternal oppression on deep inspiration. He also reported a scarcely productive cough, wheezing and, on occasions, a non-thermometric feeling of dystrophy. During this time, he was prescribed several outpatient drugs for symptomatic relief (analgesics, mucolytics, antitussives and inhalers) and received treatment with oral levofloxacin for 1 week, but none of these measures showed any clinical improvement. In fact, he complained of increased wheezing after fluticasone/salmeterol inhalation. He had no associated symptoms at other levels, except for flatulence and constipation intermittently.
Physical examination
General condition preserved, remaining normotensive and afebrile at all times. Adequate colouring, hydration and perfusion. No adenopathy in accessible areas or evidence of muco-cutaneous lesions. Eupneic at rest, with good tolerance to decubitus and basal oxygen saturation of 97%. No jugular ingurgitation. Rhythmic heart tones at 80 bpm with no murmurs or audible friction rubs. Pulmonary hypoventilation with some isolated wheezing. Abdomen soft and depressible with slight discomfort on deep palpation in the epigastrium, with no palpable masses or visceromegaly. No oedema or signs of vascular pathology in the lower limbs. The rest of the physical examination showed no relevant findings.
Complementary tests
Biochemistry: glucose 83 mg/dl, urea 26 mg/dl, creatinine 0.83 mg/dl, uric acid 5.3 mg/dl, cholesterol 166 mg/dl, triglycerides 51 mg/dl, GOT 34 IU/L, GPT 32 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 80 IU/L, sodium 137 mEq/L, potassium 4.2 mEq/L, CRP 0.10 mg/dl, CPK 389 IU/L. Negative cardiac markers. Iron 120 ug/dl, ferritin 138 ng/ml, Immunoglobulin E 1523 IU/ml, ESR 22 mm. CBC: haemoglobin 16.6 g/dl, leucocytes 7490 mm3 (37% neutrophils, 21.90% eosinophils), total eosinophils 1640/ mm3 (this value was confirmed by a second analytical determination). Basic coagulation with normal parameters. Urine system without pathological findings. Serology: HIV negative, Hepatitis C: anti-HCV negative, Hepatitis B: HBsAg, HBcAc and HBeAc positive. Mantoux negative. Baseline arterial blood gases: pH 7.40, pO2 75 mmHg, pCO2 38 mmHg, satO2 96%, HCO3 25 mEq/l. Spirometry showed mild lower airway obstruction (FEV1: 70%, FEV1/FVC: 65%, FEF 25-75: 75% of the theoretical value) with a sharp fall in the flow-volume curve with an upward concavity after the appearance of peak expiratory flow. Chest X-ray showed small focal and variegated infiltrates in both lung bases, with a more peripheral location in the left hemithorax.
Differential diagnosis
We present the clinical case of a male patient with no previous history of bronchial hyperresponsiveness who, at the age of 29 years, presented with respiratory distress, wheezing and eosinophilia. Pathologies with eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrates are grouped into the so-called "pulmonary eosinophilias". The entities that make up this group allowed the correct differential diagnosis to be made. The patient's symptoms had started 2 months earlier and there was no previous history of allergy or intake of drugs, so it was initially ruled out that it could be secondary to a hypersensitivity reaction (the leading cause of eosinophilia in the general population). As he came from a tropical region, the possibility of helminthiasis seemed more reasonable and was consolidated as our first option. Moreover, causes of idiopathic origin usually constitute a diagnosis by exclusion; and other pathologies (autoimmune diseases, neoplasms and other non-helminthic infections) were unlikely in the epidemiological and, above all, clinical context of the patient.
Final diagnosis
Given our initial clinical suspicion, 3 samples were requested for stool parasite examination, and Strongyloides stercolaris larvae were visualised microscopically in the third sample submitted. Strongyloides Ac. Strongyloides IgG ELISA was also confirmed with a very positive result (index: 10, positive>1.1). The final diagnosis was Löffler's syndrome secondary to Strongyloides stercolaris parasitism.
Evolution
The patient was treated with Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg for 2 days, with clinical improvement and subsequent disappearance of eosinophilia. He has not presented respiratory symptoms again.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"Male",
",",
"29",
"years",
"old",
",",
"born",
"in",
"Senegal",
"and",
"resident",
"in",
"Almería",
"for",
"7",
"years",
",",
"without",
"subsequent",
"trips",
"back",
"to",
"his",
"country",
"of",
"origin",
".",
"Agricultural",
"labourer",
".",
"He",
"denied",
"any",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"toxic",
"habits",
"and",
"regular",
"treatment",
".",
"He",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"Department",
"for",
"the",
"onset",
",",
"2",
"months",
"ago",
",",
"of",
"respiratory",
"difficulty",
"and",
"retrosternal",
"oppression",
"on",
"deep",
"inspiration",
".",
"He",
"also",
"reported",
"a",
"scarcely",
"productive",
"cough",
",",
"wheezing",
"and",
",",
"on",
"occasions",
",",
"a",
"non-thermometric",
"feeling",
"of",
"dystrophy",
".",
"During",
"this",
"time",
",",
"he",
"was",
"prescribed",
"several",
"outpatient",
"drugs",
"for",
"symptomatic",
"relief",
"(",
"analgesics",
",",
"mucolytics",
",",
"antitussives",
"and",
"inhalers",
")",
"and",
"received",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"levofloxacin",
"for",
"1",
"week",
",",
"but",
"none",
"of",
"these",
"measures",
"showed",
"any",
"clinical",
"improvement",
".",
"In",
"fact",
",",
"he",
"complained",
"of",
"increased",
"wheezing",
"after",
"fluticasone",
"/",
"salmeterol",
"inhalation",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"associated",
"symptoms",
"at",
"other",
"levels",
",",
"except",
"for",
"flatulence",
"and",
"constipation",
"intermittently",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"General",
"condition",
"preserved",
",",
"remaining",
"normotensive",
"and",
"afebrile",
"at",
"all",
"times",
".",
"Adequate",
"colouring",
",",
"hydration",
"and",
"perfusion",
".",
"No",
"adenopathy",
"in",
"accessible",
"areas",
"or",
"evidence",
"of",
"muco-cutaneous",
"lesions",
".",
"Eupneic",
"at",
"rest",
",",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
"to",
"decubitus",
"and",
"basal",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"of",
"97",
"%",
".",
"No",
"jugular",
"ingurgitation",
".",
"Rhythmic",
"heart",
"tones",
"at",
"80",
"bpm",
"with",
"no",
"murmurs",
"or",
"audible",
"friction",
"rubs",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"hypoventilation",
"with",
"some",
"isolated",
"wheezing",
".",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
"with",
"slight",
"discomfort",
"on",
"deep",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"epigastrium",
",",
"with",
"no",
"palpable",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
".",
"No",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"vascular",
"pathology",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
"showed",
"no",
"relevant",
"findings",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"glucose",
"83",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"urea",
"26",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"83",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"uric",
"acid",
"5",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"cholesterol",
"166",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"triglycerides",
"51",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"GOT",
"34",
"IU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GPT",
"32",
"IU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"alkaline",
"phosphatase",
"80",
"IU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"sodium",
"137",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
",",
"potassium",
"4",
".",
"2",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
",",
"CRP",
"0",
".",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"CPK",
"389",
"IU",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Negative",
"cardiac",
"markers",
".",
"Iron",
"120",
"ug",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"ferritin",
"138",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"Immunoglobulin",
"E",
"1523",
"IU",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"ESR",
"22",
"mm",
".",
"CBC",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"16",
".",
"6",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"leucocytes",
"7490",
"mm3",
"(",
"37",
"%",
"neutrophils",
",",
"21",
".",
"90",
"%",
"eosinophils",
")",
",",
"total",
"eosinophils",
"1640",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"this",
"value",
"was",
"confirmed",
"by",
"a",
"second",
"analytical",
"determination",
")",
".",
"Basic",
"coagulation",
"with",
"normal",
"parameters",
".",
"Urine",
"system",
"without",
"pathological",
"findings",
".",
"Serology",
":",
"HIV",
"negative",
",",
"Hepatitis",
"C",
":",
"anti-HCV",
"negative",
",",
"Hepatitis",
"B",
":",
"HBsAg",
",",
"HBcAc",
"and",
"HBeAc",
"positive",
".",
"Mantoux",
"negative",
".",
"Baseline",
"arterial",
"blood",
"gases",
":",
"pH",
"7",
".",
"40",
",",
"pO2",
"75",
"mmHg",
",",
"pCO2",
"38",
"mmHg",
",",
"satO2",
"96",
"%",
",",
"HCO3",
"25",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
".",
"Spirometry",
"showed",
"mild",
"lower",
"airway",
"obstruction",
"(",
"FEV1",
":",
"70",
"%",
",",
"FEV1",
"/",
"FVC",
":",
"65",
"%",
",",
"FEF",
"25-75",
":",
"75",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"theoretical",
"value",
")",
"with",
"a",
"sharp",
"fall",
"in",
"the",
"flow-volume",
"curve",
"with",
"an",
"upward",
"concavity",
"after",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"peak",
"expiratory",
"flow",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"small",
"focal",
"and",
"variegated",
"infiltrates",
"in",
"both",
"lung",
"bases",
",",
"with",
"a",
"more",
"peripheral",
"location",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hemithorax",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"We",
"present",
"the",
"clinical",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"male",
"patient",
"with",
"no",
"previous",
"history",
"of",
"bronchial",
"hyperresponsiveness",
"who",
",",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"29",
"years",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"respiratory",
"distress",
",",
"wheezing",
"and",
"eosinophilia",
".",
"Pathologies",
"with",
"eosinophilia",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"infiltrates",
"are",
"grouped",
"into",
"the",
"so-called",
"\"",
"pulmonary",
"eosinophilias",
"\"",
".",
"The",
"entities",
"that",
"make",
"up",
"this",
"group",
"allowed",
"the",
"correct",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"to",
"be",
"made",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"symptoms",
"had",
"started",
"2",
"months",
"earlier",
"and",
"there",
"was",
"no",
"previous",
"history",
"of",
"allergy",
"or",
"intake",
"of",
"drugs",
",",
"so",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"ruled",
"out",
"that",
"it",
"could",
"be",
"secondary",
"to",
"a",
"hypersensitivity",
"reaction",
"(",
"the",
"leading",
"cause",
"of",
"eosinophilia",
"in",
"the",
"general",
"population",
")",
".",
"As",
"he",
"came",
"from",
"a",
"tropical",
"region",
",",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"helminthiasis",
"seemed",
"more",
"reasonable",
"and",
"was",
"consolidated",
"as",
"our",
"first",
"option",
".",
"Moreover",
",",
"causes",
"of",
"idiopathic",
"origin",
"usually",
"constitute",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"by",
"exclusion",
";",
"and",
"other",
"pathologies",
"(",
"autoimmune",
"diseases",
",",
"neoplasms",
"and",
"other",
"non-helminthic",
"infections",
")",
"were",
"unlikely",
"in",
"the",
"epidemiological",
"and",
",",
"above",
"all",
",",
"clinical",
"context",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Given",
"our",
"initial",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
",",
"3",
"samples",
"were",
"requested",
"for",
"stool",
"parasite",
"examination",
",",
"and",
"Strongyloides",
"stercolaris",
"larvae",
"were",
"visualised",
"microscopically",
"in",
"the",
"third",
"sample",
"submitted",
".",
"Strongyloides",
"Ac",
".",
"Strongyloides",
"IgG",
"ELISA",
"was",
"also",
"confirmed",
"with",
"a",
"very",
"positive",
"result",
"(",
"index",
":",
"10",
",",
"positive",
">",
"1",
".",
"1",
")",
".",
"The",
"final",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"Löffler",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome",
"secondary",
"to",
"Strongyloides",
"stercolaris",
"parasitism",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"Ivermectin",
"200",
"mcg",
"/",
"kg",
"for",
"2",
"days",
",",
"with",
"clinical",
"improvement",
"and",
"subsequent",
"disappearance",
"of",
"eosinophilia",
".",
"He",
"has",
"not",
"presented",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"again",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10,
"end": 14
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 176,
"end": 184
},
{
"text": "Agricultural labourer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 139,
"end": 160
},
{
"text": "HBcAc",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2402,
"end": 2407
},
{
"text": "HBsAg",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2395,
"end": 2400
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2336,
"end": 2339
},
{
"text": "Hepatitis C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2350,
"end": 2361
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2368,
"end": 2371
},
{
"text": "Hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2382,
"end": 2393
},
{
"text": "HBeAc",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2412,
"end": 2417
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2961,
"end": 2965
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2966,
"end": 2973
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3335,
"end": 3342
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3983,
"end": 3990
},
{
"text": "population",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3586,
"end": 3596
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4082,
"end": 4090
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides stercolaris larvae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4108,
"end": 4140
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4108,
"end": 4121
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4204,
"end": 4217
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4222,
"end": 4235
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4376,
"end": 4389
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides stercolaris",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4108,
"end": 4133
},
{
"text": "Strongyloides stercolaris",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4376,
"end": 4401
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4429,
"end": 4436
}
] | en |
A 7-year-old female schoolchild from a native community in the district of Nieva in the north-eastern region of Peru, with 14 days of illness, who began with fever, general malaise, hyporexia and progressive weight loss. After 10 days, a productive cough with bloody expectoration and respiratory distress was added, and she was referred to our Hospital. She was admitted to the Emergency Department in poor general condition, thin, tachycardic, tachypneic and with pallor of the skin and mucous membranes. Pulmonary auscultation showed subcrepitant sounds at the base of the right hemithorax, and admission anaemia was moderate, microcytic and hypochromic with no leukocytosis or eosinophilia. Thoracic radiography and multislice spiral tomography (TEM) showed bilateral parahilar interstitial pulmonary infiltrate with areas of ground glass and cystic lesions in the left lung base. Lung X-ray and CT scan showed condensation and diffuse interstitial infiltrate with ground glass areas and cystic lesions in the left lung base, the largest one measuring 5 x 3 cm.
The patient received antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone and clindamycin and remained stationary. Both Mantoux test and Koch's bacillus investigation in gastric aspirate and stool were negative. Parasitological examination of stool showed eggs of Paragonimus spp. as well as Ascaris lumbricoides, uncinaria and Trichuris trichiura (Figure 3). For this reason, triclabendazole was added at 10 mg/kg in two doses, followed by albendazole at 400 mg per day for 5 days with disappearance of both fever and cough, as well as improvement of appetite and weight recovery. In the control thoracic TEM, the bilateral interstitial infiltrate decreased, as well as the cavitations in the left lung base, and she was discharged after 31 days of hospitalisation.
| [
"A",
"7-year-old",
"female",
"schoolchild",
"from",
"a",
"native",
"community",
"in",
"the",
"district",
"of",
"Nieva",
"in",
"the",
"north-eastern",
"region",
"of",
"Peru",
",",
"with",
"14",
"days",
"of",
"illness",
",",
"who",
"began",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"hyporexia",
"and",
"progressive",
"weight",
"loss",
".",
"After",
"10",
"days",
",",
"a",
"productive",
"cough",
"with",
"bloody",
"expectoration",
"and",
"respiratory",
"distress",
"was",
"added",
",",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"our",
"Hospital",
".",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"in",
"poor",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"thin",
",",
"tachycardic",
",",
"tachypneic",
"and",
"with",
"pallor",
"of",
"the",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"subcrepitant",
"sounds",
"at",
"the",
"base",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hemithorax",
",",
"and",
"admission",
"anaemia",
"was",
"moderate",
",",
"microcytic",
"and",
"hypochromic",
"with",
"no",
"leukocytosis",
"or",
"eosinophilia",
".",
"Thoracic",
"radiography",
"and",
"multislice",
"spiral",
"tomography",
"(",
"TEM",
")",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"parahilar",
"interstitial",
"pulmonary",
"infiltrate",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"ground",
"glass",
"and",
"cystic",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
"base",
".",
"Lung",
"X-ray",
"and",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"condensation",
"and",
"diffuse",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
"with",
"ground",
"glass",
"areas",
"and",
"cystic",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
"base",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"one",
"measuring",
"5",
"x",
"3",
"cm",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"received",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"clindamycin",
"and",
"remained",
"stationary",
".",
"Both",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"and",
"Koch",
"'",
"s",
"bacillus",
"investigation",
"in",
"gastric",
"aspirate",
"and",
"stool",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Parasitological",
"examination",
"of",
"stool",
"showed",
"eggs",
"of",
"Paragonimus",
"spp",
".",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"Ascaris",
"lumbricoides",
",",
"uncinaria",
"and",
"Trichuris",
"trichiura",
"(",
"Figure",
"3",
")",
".",
"For",
"this",
"reason",
",",
"triclabendazole",
"was",
"added",
"at",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"in",
"two",
"doses",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"albendazole",
"at",
"400",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"for",
"5",
"days",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"both",
"fever",
"and",
"cough",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"improvement",
"of",
"appetite",
"and",
"weight",
"recovery",
".",
"In",
"the",
"control",
"thoracic",
"TEM",
",",
"the",
"bilateral",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
"decreased",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"cavitations",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
"base",
",",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"discharged",
"after",
"31",
"days",
"of",
"hospitalisation",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "female schoolchild",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 13,
"end": 31
},
{
"text": "community",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 46,
"end": 55
},
{
"text": "Ascaris lumbricoides",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1341,
"end": 1361
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1070,
"end": 1077
},
{
"text": "uncinaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1363,
"end": 1372
},
{
"text": "Koch's bacillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1186,
"end": 1201
},
{
"text": "Trichuris trichiura",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1377,
"end": 1396
}
] | en |
A 68-year-old woman with hypertensive heart disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis on treatment with corticosteroids (20 mg of prednisone per day). The patient reported asthenia of 3-4 months' duration, and since the previous week gait instability with deviation to the right; she presented right hemiparesis (right upper limb strength 4/5 and right lower limb strength 3/5) and sensory aphasia with echolalia; the rest of the examination was normal. Laboratory tests showed normal red blood count and platelets, leukocytes within normal range without deviation to the left, ESR 5 mm/h, normal coagulation, biochemistry with normal glucose, ions, renal and hepatic function, CRP 0.1mg/dL; HIV serology negative and toxoplasma IgG positive, serum cryptococcal antigen negative. Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed a left parietal space-occupying lesion (LOE) with a maximum axis of 2 cm surrounded by digitiform oedema, which with contrast showed annular enhancement. Given that the brain image was compatible with primary neoplasia or metastasis, a CT scan of the chest and abdomen was requested and no lesions compatible with a primary tumour were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull was performed, with the finding of two LOEs, one left frontal and the other right parietooccipital, which due to their characteristics suggested brain abscesses as a first possibility. In view of these findings, the patient was transferred to neurosurgery for sampling and drainage of the left frontal lesion by stereotactic surgery.
Differential diagnosis
Just as the aetiopathogenesis of a single brain abscess is usually extension by contiguity from a parameningeal focus, immunosuppression is a risk factor for multiple brain abscesses due to haematogenous dissemination. After ruling out possible sources of distant infection (endocarditis, lung abscess, cystic fibrosis, empyema) and verifying the non-tropical origin of the patient (in this case, assess schistosomiasis, cysticercosis or amoebiasis, among others), we must focus on pathogens that are more frequently isolated in immunocompromised patients. Intracranial abscesses due to bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are less frequent in immunocompromised patients. S. aureus involvement is usually a complication of endocarditis. Brain abscesses due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have also been reported, but are rare and may or may not be associated with disseminated infection. Cerebral toxoplasmosis usually presents with changes in the patient's mental status, seizures, headache and focal neurological deficits. The lesions, usually multiple, are located in the periventricular area, and enhance in the ring with contrast. In patients with probable toxoplasmosis, empirical therapy is justified in the absence of microbiological diagnosis when antitoxoplasma serology (IgG antibodies) is positive. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection with Listeria usually present with bacteraemia. Although meningitis is the most common form of presentation, it has also been described in brain abscesses, encephalitis or rhomboencephalitis. Aspergillus brain abscesses usually present with concurrent pulmonary involvement. Clinically, patients develop altered mental status with or without seizures; neurological deficits and signs of meningeal irritation are less common. Lesions are usually multifocal with a predilection for the junction between grey and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres (more frontoparietal), but may also involve the cerebellum or midbrain. It has a high mortality rate.
Cryptococcus can be a cause of meningitis in immunocompromised patients. The presentation as cryptococcal brain abscess is almost exclusive to AIDS patients, and usually involves the basal ganglia. CNS involvement by Candida occurs in the context of candidemia, and may occur in co-infections with Aspergillus. On imaging, they are usually small, multiple lesions with ring enhancement after contrast, and located in the white matter or deep in the grey matter. Nocardia is also prone to CNS infection in the form of abscesses, being the most frequent site of secondary infection (pulmonary infection is often the gateway). Cutaneous or soft tissue involvement may be present. Abscesses due to Nocardia may be loculated, single or multiple (up to 40%) and show ring enhancement after contrast. Dematiaceous fungi (genera Dactylaria, Ochroconis, Scoledobasidium) are very rare pathogens and may cause single or multiple brain abscesses with ring enhancement after contrast. Affected patients often also present with skin or lung infection. It can be difficult to decide whether or not a dematiaceous fungus is involved in the pathological process, as they may present as contaminants of clinical specimens.
Evolution
After the brain biopsy, we started treatment with ceftriaxone, metronidazole, pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine while awaiting the microbiological and anatomopathological results. After 14 days, the patient showed no clinical improvement, with radiological worsening (enlargement of the frontal lesion, with no change in the occipital lesion). During this time the patient began to experience nausea and vomiting that caused hydroelectrolytic alterations; attributing these symptoms to the antimicrobial treatment, it was decided to replace sulphadiazine with clindamycin and discontinue metronidazole, with little improvement in gastrointestinal intolerance. Anatomical pathology ruled out brain tumour and cultures were negative. After 28 days of antibiotic treatment, a cranial CT scan was performed, but no improvement was observed; we assessed with neurosurgery the best course of action to follow, scheduling a new stereotactic surgery. Antibiotics were suspended for a week to increase the yield of the samples. Minutes after the operation, microbiology informed us of the visualisation of abundant forms of Nocardia in the Gram test (confirmed days later by culture), so we started treatment with ceftriaxone and cotrimoxazole. The organism was subsequently identified as Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto. Despite targeted antibiotic treatment for Nocardia (ceftriaxone and cotrimoxazole), the patient continued to deteriorate radiologically. Microbiology informed us of resistance to ceftriaxone, so we suspended it and added imipenem and linezolid to the cotrimoxazole. This caused an increase in gastrointestinal intolerance in the patient, with clinical and analytical effects, forcing us to suspend treatment for 24 hours, and then restart it without cotrimoxazole, and the patient did not present these symptoms again. In analytical control, severe pancytopenia was observed, which required transfusion of 3 red blood cell concentrates and forced us to suspend linezolid, adding levofloxacin. The patient continued to progress favourably, with improvement in neurological symptoms and a decrease in the size of the brain lesions on imaging tests. After 40 days of effective treatment according to the antibiogram, it was decided to switch to oral levofloxacin monotherapy and, once tolerance was verified, the patient was discharged from hospital. After a month of outpatient follow-up, the patient is at home with good clinical and radiological evolution; she tolerates oral antibiotic treatment (levofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours), and regular check-ups are carried out at the outpatient infectious diseases clinic.
Final diagnosis
Main diagnosis: "Brain abscesses due to Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto resistant to ceftriaxone, in a patient immunosuppressed by chronic treatment with corticoids". Other diagnoses: "Intolerance to sulfadiazine and cotrimoxazole" and "Severe pancytopenia due to linezolid".
| [
"A",
"68-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"hypertensive",
"heart",
"disease",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"sarcoidosis",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
"(",
"20",
"mg",
"of",
"prednisone",
"per",
"day",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reported",
"asthenia",
"of",
"3-4",
"months",
"'",
"duration",
",",
"and",
"since",
"the",
"previous",
"week",
"gait",
"instability",
"with",
"deviation",
"to",
"the",
"right",
";",
"she",
"presented",
"right",
"hemiparesis",
"(",
"right",
"upper",
"limb",
"strength",
"4",
"/",
"5",
"and",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
"strength",
"3",
"/",
"5",
")",
"and",
"sensory",
"aphasia",
"with",
"echolalia",
";",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"normal",
"red",
"blood",
"count",
"and",
"platelets",
",",
"leukocytes",
"within",
"normal",
"range",
"without",
"deviation",
"to",
"the",
"left",
",",
"ESR",
"5",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
",",
"normal",
"coagulation",
",",
"biochemistry",
"with",
"normal",
"glucose",
",",
"ions",
",",
"renal",
"and",
"hepatic",
"function",
",",
"CRP",
"0",
".",
"1mg",
"/",
"dL",
";",
"HIV",
"serology",
"negative",
"and",
"toxoplasma",
"IgG",
"positive",
",",
"serum",
"cryptococcal",
"antigen",
"negative",
".",
"Cranial",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"showed",
"a",
"left",
"parietal",
"space-occupying",
"lesion",
"(",
"LOE",
")",
"with",
"a",
"maximum",
"axis",
"of",
"2",
"cm",
"surrounded",
"by",
"digitiform",
"oedema",
",",
"which",
"with",
"contrast",
"showed",
"annular",
"enhancement",
".",
"Given",
"that",
"the",
"brain",
"image",
"was",
"compatible",
"with",
"primary",
"neoplasia",
"or",
"metastasis",
",",
"a",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"chest",
"and",
"abdomen",
"was",
"requested",
"and",
"no",
"lesions",
"compatible",
"with",
"a",
"primary",
"tumour",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"of",
"the",
"skull",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"the",
"finding",
"of",
"two",
"LOEs",
",",
"one",
"left",
"frontal",
"and",
"the",
"other",
"right",
"parietooccipital",
",",
"which",
"due",
"to",
"their",
"characteristics",
"suggested",
"brain",
"abscesses",
"as",
"a",
"first",
"possibility",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"neurosurgery",
"for",
"sampling",
"and",
"drainage",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"frontal",
"lesion",
"by",
"stereotactic",
"surgery",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"Just",
"as",
"the",
"aetiopathogenesis",
"of",
"a",
"single",
"brain",
"abscess",
"is",
"usually",
"extension",
"by",
"contiguity",
"from",
"a",
"parameningeal",
"focus",
",",
"immunosuppression",
"is",
"a",
"risk",
"factor",
"for",
"multiple",
"brain",
"abscesses",
"due",
"to",
"haematogenous",
"dissemination",
".",
"After",
"ruling",
"out",
"possible",
"sources",
"of",
"distant",
"infection",
"(",
"endocarditis",
",",
"lung",
"abscess",
",",
"cystic",
"fibrosis",
",",
"empyema",
")",
"and",
"verifying",
"the",
"non-tropical",
"origin",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"(",
"in",
"this",
"case",
",",
"assess",
"schistosomiasis",
",",
"cysticercosis",
"or",
"amoebiasis",
",",
"among",
"others",
")",
",",
"we",
"must",
"focus",
"on",
"pathogens",
"that",
"are",
"more",
"frequently",
"isolated",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
".",
"Intracranial",
"abscesses",
"due",
"to",
"bacteria",
"such",
"as",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
",",
"Pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"or",
"Stenotrophomonas",
"maltophilia",
"are",
"less",
"frequent",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
".",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
"involvement",
"is",
"usually",
"a",
"complication",
"of",
"endocarditis",
".",
"Brain",
"abscesses",
"due",
"to",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"have",
"also",
"been",
"reported",
",",
"but",
"are",
"rare",
"and",
"may",
"or",
"may",
"not",
"be",
"associated",
"with",
"disseminated",
"infection",
".",
"Cerebral",
"toxoplasmosis",
"usually",
"presents",
"with",
"changes",
"in",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"mental",
"status",
",",
"seizures",
",",
"headache",
"and",
"focal",
"neurological",
"deficits",
".",
"The",
"lesions",
",",
"usually",
"multiple",
",",
"are",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"periventricular",
"area",
",",
"and",
"enhance",
"in",
"the",
"ring",
"with",
"contrast",
".",
"In",
"patients",
"with",
"probable",
"toxoplasmosis",
",",
"empirical",
"therapy",
"is",
"justified",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"microbiological",
"diagnosis",
"when",
"antitoxoplasma",
"serology",
"(",
"IgG",
"antibodies",
")",
"is",
"positive",
".",
"Patients",
"with",
"central",
"nervous",
"system",
"(",
"CNS",
")",
"infection",
"with",
"Listeria",
"usually",
"present",
"with",
"bacteraemia",
".",
"Although",
"meningitis",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"form",
"of",
"presentation",
",",
"it",
"has",
"also",
"been",
"described",
"in",
"brain",
"abscesses",
",",
"encephalitis",
"or",
"rhomboencephalitis",
".",
"Aspergillus",
"brain",
"abscesses",
"usually",
"present",
"with",
"concurrent",
"pulmonary",
"involvement",
".",
"Clinically",
",",
"patients",
"develop",
"altered",
"mental",
"status",
"with",
"or",
"without",
"seizures",
";",
"neurological",
"deficits",
"and",
"signs",
"of",
"meningeal",
"irritation",
"are",
"less",
"common",
".",
"Lesions",
"are",
"usually",
"multifocal",
"with",
"a",
"predilection",
"for",
"the",
"junction",
"between",
"grey",
"and",
"white",
"matter",
"of",
"the",
"cerebral",
"hemispheres",
"(",
"more",
"frontoparietal",
")",
",",
"but",
"may",
"also",
"involve",
"the",
"cerebellum",
"or",
"midbrain",
".",
"It",
"has",
"a",
"high",
"mortality",
"rate",
".",
"Cryptococcus",
"can",
"be",
"a",
"cause",
"of",
"meningitis",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
".",
"The",
"presentation",
"as",
"cryptococcal",
"brain",
"abscess",
"is",
"almost",
"exclusive",
"to",
"AIDS",
"patients",
",",
"and",
"usually",
"involves",
"the",
"basal",
"ganglia",
".",
"CNS",
"involvement",
"by",
"Candida",
"occurs",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"candidemia",
",",
"and",
"may",
"occur",
"in",
"co-infections",
"with",
"Aspergillus",
".",
"On",
"imaging",
",",
"they",
"are",
"usually",
"small",
",",
"multiple",
"lesions",
"with",
"ring",
"enhancement",
"after",
"contrast",
",",
"and",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"white",
"matter",
"or",
"deep",
"in",
"the",
"grey",
"matter",
".",
"Nocardia",
"is",
"also",
"prone",
"to",
"CNS",
"infection",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"abscesses",
",",
"being",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"site",
"of",
"secondary",
"infection",
"(",
"pulmonary",
"infection",
"is",
"often",
"the",
"gateway",
")",
".",
"Cutaneous",
"or",
"soft",
"tissue",
"involvement",
"may",
"be",
"present",
".",
"Abscesses",
"due",
"to",
"Nocardia",
"may",
"be",
"loculated",
",",
"single",
"or",
"multiple",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"40",
"%",
")",
"and",
"show",
"ring",
"enhancement",
"after",
"contrast",
".",
"Dematiaceous",
"fungi",
"(",
"genera",
"Dactylaria",
",",
"Ochroconis",
",",
"Scoledobasidium",
")",
"are",
"very",
"rare",
"pathogens",
"and",
"may",
"cause",
"single",
"or",
"multiple",
"brain",
"abscesses",
"with",
"ring",
"enhancement",
"after",
"contrast",
".",
"Affected",
"patients",
"often",
"also",
"present",
"with",
"skin",
"or",
"lung",
"infection",
".",
"It",
"can",
"be",
"difficult",
"to",
"decide",
"whether",
"or",
"not",
"a",
"dematiaceous",
"fungus",
"is",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"pathological",
"process",
",",
"as",
"they",
"may",
"present",
"as",
"contaminants",
"of",
"clinical",
"specimens",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"the",
"brain",
"biopsy",
",",
"we",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
",",
"metronidazole",
",",
"pyrimethamine",
"and",
"sulfadiazine",
"while",
"awaiting",
"the",
"microbiological",
"and",
"anatomopathological",
"results",
".",
"After",
"14",
"days",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"showed",
"no",
"clinical",
"improvement",
",",
"with",
"radiological",
"worsening",
"(",
"enlargement",
"of",
"the",
"frontal",
"lesion",
",",
"with",
"no",
"change",
"in",
"the",
"occipital",
"lesion",
")",
".",
"During",
"this",
"time",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"to",
"experience",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
"that",
"caused",
"hydroelectrolytic",
"alterations",
";",
"attributing",
"these",
"symptoms",
"to",
"the",
"antimicrobial",
"treatment",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"replace",
"sulphadiazine",
"with",
"clindamycin",
"and",
"discontinue",
"metronidazole",
",",
"with",
"little",
"improvement",
"in",
"gastrointestinal",
"intolerance",
".",
"Anatomical",
"pathology",
"ruled",
"out",
"brain",
"tumour",
"and",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"After",
"28",
"days",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"a",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"but",
"no",
"improvement",
"was",
"observed",
";",
"we",
"assessed",
"with",
"neurosurgery",
"the",
"best",
"course",
"of",
"action",
"to",
"follow",
",",
"scheduling",
"a",
"new",
"stereotactic",
"surgery",
".",
"Antibiotics",
"were",
"suspended",
"for",
"a",
"week",
"to",
"increase",
"the",
"yield",
"of",
"the",
"samples",
".",
"Minutes",
"after",
"the",
"operation",
",",
"microbiology",
"informed",
"us",
"of",
"the",
"visualisation",
"of",
"abundant",
"forms",
"of",
"Nocardia",
"in",
"the",
"Gram",
"test",
"(",
"confirmed",
"days",
"later",
"by",
"culture",
")",
",",
"so",
"we",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"cotrimoxazole",
".",
"The",
"organism",
"was",
"subsequently",
"identified",
"as",
"Nocardia",
"asteroides",
"sensu",
"stricto",
".",
"Despite",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"for",
"Nocardia",
"(",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"cotrimoxazole",
")",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"continued",
"to",
"deteriorate",
"radiologically",
".",
"Microbiology",
"informed",
"us",
"of",
"resistance",
"to",
"ceftriaxone",
",",
"so",
"we",
"suspended",
"it",
"and",
"added",
"imipenem",
"and",
"linezolid",
"to",
"the",
"cotrimoxazole",
".",
"This",
"caused",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"gastrointestinal",
"intolerance",
"in",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"with",
"clinical",
"and",
"analytical",
"effects",
",",
"forcing",
"us",
"to",
"suspend",
"treatment",
"for",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"and",
"then",
"restart",
"it",
"without",
"cotrimoxazole",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"did",
"not",
"present",
"these",
"symptoms",
"again",
".",
"In",
"analytical",
"control",
",",
"severe",
"pancytopenia",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"which",
"required",
"transfusion",
"of",
"3",
"red",
"blood",
"cell",
"concentrates",
"and",
"forced",
"us",
"to",
"suspend",
"linezolid",
",",
"adding",
"levofloxacin",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"continued",
"to",
"progress",
"favourably",
",",
"with",
"improvement",
"in",
"neurological",
"symptoms",
"and",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
"lesions",
"on",
"imaging",
"tests",
".",
"After",
"40",
"days",
"of",
"effective",
"treatment",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"antibiogram",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"switch",
"to",
"oral",
"levofloxacin",
"monotherapy",
"and",
",",
"once",
"tolerance",
"was",
"verified",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"from",
"hospital",
".",
"After",
"a",
"month",
"of",
"outpatient",
"follow-up",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"at",
"home",
"with",
"good",
"clinical",
"and",
"radiological",
"evolution",
";",
"she",
"tolerates",
"oral",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"(",
"levofloxacin",
"500",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
")",
",",
"and",
"regular",
"check-ups",
"are",
"carried",
"out",
"at",
"the",
"outpatient",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinic",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Main",
"diagnosis",
":",
"\"",
"Brain",
"abscesses",
"due",
"to",
"Nocardia",
"asteroides",
"sensu",
"stricto",
"resistant",
"to",
"ceftriaxone",
",",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"immunosuppressed",
"by",
"chronic",
"treatment",
"with",
"corticoids",
"\"",
".",
"Other",
"diagnoses",
":",
"\"",
"Intolerance",
"to",
"sulfadiazine",
"and",
"cotrimoxazole",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"Severe",
"pancytopenia",
"due",
"to",
"linezolid",
"\"",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 684,
"end": 687
},
{
"text": "cryptococcal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 741,
"end": 753
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 147,
"end": 154
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1420,
"end": 1427
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 710,
"end": 720
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3199,
"end": 3210
},
{
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2166,
"end": 2187
},
{
"text": "Listeria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3012,
"end": 3020
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2404,
"end": 2430
},
{
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2212,
"end": 2234
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2189,
"end": 2210
},
{
"text": "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2238,
"end": 2266
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2149,
"end": 2157
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3042,
"end": 3053
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2306,
"end": 2314
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2782,
"end": 2790
},
{
"text": "Patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2954,
"end": 2962
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3294,
"end": 3302
},
{
"text": "pathogens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2044,
"end": 2053
},
{
"text": "S. aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2316,
"end": 2325
},
{
"text": "antitoxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2900,
"end": 2914
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3958,
"end": 3969
},
{
"text": "Candida",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3877,
"end": 3884
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3660,
"end": 3672
},
{
"text": "Nocardia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4122,
"end": 4130
},
{
"text": "Nocardia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4354,
"end": 4362
},
{
"text": "cryptococcal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3753,
"end": 3765
},
{
"text": "dematiaceous fungus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4746,
"end": 4765
},
{
"text": "Dematiaceous fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4454,
"end": 4472
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3723,
"end": 3731
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3808,
"end": 3816
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4642,
"end": 4650
},
{
"text": "pathogens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4536,
"end": 4545
},
{
"text": "Dactylaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4481,
"end": 4491
},
{
"text": "Ochroconis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4493,
"end": 4503
},
{
"text": "candidemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3910,
"end": 3920
},
{
"text": "genera",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4474,
"end": 4480
},
{
"text": "Scoledobasidium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4505,
"end": 4520
},
{
"text": "Nocardia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5989,
"end": 5997
},
{
"text": "Nocardia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6154,
"end": 6162
},
{
"text": "Nocardia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6231,
"end": 6239
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5073,
"end": 5080
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5239,
"end": 5246
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6277,
"end": 6284
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6518,
"end": 6525
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6662,
"end": 6669
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6886,
"end": 6893
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7199,
"end": 7206
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7280,
"end": 7287
},
{
"text": "Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6154,
"end": 6187
},
{
"text": "Nocardia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7565,
"end": 7573
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7630,
"end": 7637
},
{
"text": "Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7565,
"end": 7598
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 49-year-old man from Ecuador who has been living in Spain since 2002. His only history of interest was extrinsic asthma and monorrhagic asthma since birth. He consulted the doctor for asymptomatic skin lesions on the right foot, which had been growing slowly for 15 years. They began in the heel region, later extending towards the lateral and medial area of the foot, initially flattened and becoming more warty with the passage of time. The patient reported that he had suffered a traumatic injury in the same location many years ago when he worked as a shop assistant. He had no recollection of insect bites in the area, had not travelled abroad, and had not been to swimming pools or saunas.
Physical examination
He had erythematous tuberous lesions on the right foot with a warty, crusted, infiltrated surface in the posterior area and erythematous, scaly plaques with fairly well-defined borders on the inner and outer side of the foot. There was no suppuration or pain on palpation. There were no lesions in other locations and the patient's general condition was good, with no fever or systemic symptoms.
Complementary examinations
A skin biopsy showed a hyperplastic epidermis with hyperkeratosis and marked acanthosis and irregular papillomatosis. The dermis showed an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of numerous histiocytes forming small granulomatous structures without necrosis, as well as lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. Ziehl Neelsen staining was negative. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was isolated in culture (Löwenstein-Jensen medium). The tuberculin or Mantoux test was positive. A chest X-ray was requested, which showed calcified micronodules, and a sputum smear test was negative, ruling out active pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, a CBC was performed, which was normal, with negative serology.
Diagnosis
Cutaneous warty tuberculosis.
Treatment
Given that the isolated mycobacterium was sensitive to first-line antituberculosis drugs, treatment was started with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months, with the intention of continuing the following 4 months with isoniazid and rifampicin, until completing 6 months of antituberculosis treatment.
Evolution
A few weeks after treatment, a control analysis revealed an elevation of transaminases (ALT and AST) 5 times higher than the upper limit of normal, so tuberculostatic treatment was completely suspended. After normalisation of liver enzymes was confirmed, treatment was restarted with ethambutol and rifampicin, followed by pyrazinamide. The patient developed new hepatotoxicity, which made it necessary to stop treatment again. Once the liver enzymes had normalised, rifampicin and ethambutol were introduced, and a week later isoniazid was added, which is the patient's current treatment. The skin lesions are improving, albeit slowly.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"49-year-old",
"man",
"from",
"Ecuador",
"who",
"has",
"been",
"living",
"in",
"Spain",
"since",
"2002",
".",
"His",
"only",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"was",
"extrinsic",
"asthma",
"and",
"monorrhagic",
"asthma",
"since",
"birth",
".",
"He",
"consulted",
"the",
"doctor",
"for",
"asymptomatic",
"skin",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"foot",
",",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"growing",
"slowly",
"for",
"15",
"years",
".",
"They",
"began",
"in",
"the",
"heel",
"region",
",",
"later",
"extending",
"towards",
"the",
"lateral",
"and",
"medial",
"area",
"of",
"the",
"foot",
",",
"initially",
"flattened",
"and",
"becoming",
"more",
"warty",
"with",
"the",
"passage",
"of",
"time",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reported",
"that",
"he",
"had",
"suffered",
"a",
"traumatic",
"injury",
"in",
"the",
"same",
"location",
"many",
"years",
"ago",
"when",
"he",
"worked",
"as",
"a",
"shop",
"assistant",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"recollection",
"of",
"insect",
"bites",
"in",
"the",
"area",
",",
"had",
"not",
"travelled",
"abroad",
",",
"and",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"to",
"swimming",
"pools",
"or",
"saunas",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"He",
"had",
"erythematous",
"tuberous",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"foot",
"with",
"a",
"warty",
",",
"crusted",
",",
"infiltrated",
"surface",
"in",
"the",
"posterior",
"area",
"and",
"erythematous",
",",
"scaly",
"plaques",
"with",
"fairly",
"well-defined",
"borders",
"on",
"the",
"inner",
"and",
"outer",
"side",
"of",
"the",
"foot",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"suppuration",
"or",
"pain",
"on",
"palpation",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"lesions",
"in",
"other",
"locations",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"general",
"condition",
"was",
"good",
",",
"with",
"no",
"fever",
"or",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"A",
"skin",
"biopsy",
"showed",
"a",
"hyperplastic",
"epidermis",
"with",
"hyperkeratosis",
"and",
"marked",
"acanthosis",
"and",
"irregular",
"papillomatosis",
".",
"The",
"dermis",
"showed",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"infiltrate",
"consisting",
"of",
"numerous",
"histiocytes",
"forming",
"small",
"granulomatous",
"structures",
"without",
"necrosis",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"plasma",
"cells",
"and",
"eosinophils",
".",
"Ziehl",
"Neelsen",
"staining",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"complex",
"was",
"isolated",
"in",
"culture",
"(",
"Löwenstein-Jensen",
"medium",
")",
".",
"The",
"tuberculin",
"or",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"calcified",
"micronodules",
",",
"and",
"a",
"sputum",
"smear",
"test",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"ruling",
"out",
"active",
"pulmonary",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"a",
"CBC",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"serology",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Cutaneous",
"warty",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"Treatment",
"Given",
"that",
"the",
"isolated",
"mycobacterium",
"was",
"sensitive",
"to",
"first-line",
"antituberculosis",
"drugs",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"isoniazid",
",",
"rifampicin",
",",
"pyrazinamide",
"and",
"ethambutol",
"for",
"2",
"months",
",",
"with",
"the",
"intention",
"of",
"continuing",
"the",
"following",
"4",
"months",
"with",
"isoniazid",
"and",
"rifampicin",
",",
"until",
"completing",
"6",
"months",
"of",
"antituberculosis",
"treatment",
".",
"Evolution",
"A",
"few",
"weeks",
"after",
"treatment",
",",
"a",
"control",
"analysis",
"revealed",
"an",
"elevation",
"of",
"transaminases",
"(",
"ALT",
"and",
"AST",
")",
"5",
"times",
"higher",
"than",
"the",
"upper",
"limit",
"of",
"normal",
",",
"so",
"tuberculostatic",
"treatment",
"was",
"completely",
"suspended",
".",
"After",
"normalisation",
"of",
"liver",
"enzymes",
"was",
"confirmed",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"restarted",
"with",
"ethambutol",
"and",
"rifampicin",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"pyrazinamide",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"developed",
"new",
"hepatotoxicity",
",",
"which",
"made",
"it",
"necessary",
"to",
"stop",
"treatment",
"again",
".",
"Once",
"the",
"liver",
"enzymes",
"had",
"normalised",
",",
"rifampicin",
"and",
"ethambutol",
"were",
"introduced",
",",
"and",
"a",
"week",
"later",
"isoniazid",
"was",
"added",
",",
"which",
"is",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"current",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"skin",
"lesions",
"are",
"improving",
",",
"albeit",
"slowly",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 610,
"end": 616
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 455,
"end": 462
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1052,
"end": 1059
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1500,
"end": 1534
},
{
"text": "tuberculin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1591,
"end": 1601
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1500,
"end": 1513
},
{
"text": "antituberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1972,
"end": 1988
},
{
"text": "antituberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2204,
"end": 2220
},
{
"text": "mycobacterium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1930,
"end": 1943
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2584,
"end": 2591
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2804,
"end": 2811
},
{
"text": "tuberculostatic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2394,
"end": 2409
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
50-year-old woman, recently diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast, locally advanced (cT2N2M0), hormone receptor negative, HER2 negative, proliferation index 70% and nuclear grade III, awaiting treatment. No other history of interest. No drug allergies or usual treatment.
The patient came to the emergency department with a 10-day history of general malaise, muscle weakness and the appearance of skin lesions.
She reported muscle weakness in the proximal region of the upper limbs and, subsequently, also in the lower limbs, with significant functional limitation (inability to raise her arms to comb her hair or climb stairs), together with intense asthenia. The condition was associated with the appearance of erythematous papular lesions on the face, with subsequent dissemination to the décolleté region and dorsum of the right hand. She had not presented fever or other symptoms of probable infectious origin.
Physical examination
Haemodynamically stable. Afebrile. Physical examination revealed a hard, erythematous tumour on the left breast, approximately 4 cm in diameter. Limitation of strength of the proximal muscles of the upper limbs (III-IV/V) and lower limbs (IV/V). The skin showed erythematous-violaceous desquamative lesions in the periocular, frontociliary and nasolabial regions and erythematous-decamative lesions on the neckline and dorsum of the metacarpophalanges of the right hand. There were no nail lesions.
Complementary tests
The patient was admitted to the rheumatology department where the following tests were performed:
"Autoimmunity study: normal immunoglobulins. Rheumatoid factor negative. Anti-CCP negative. Normal C4 and C3. ENAs, ANA, ANOEs, ANCAs, a-DNA, anti-B2GP and anticardiolipin: negative.
"Serology: HIV, HCV, HBV negative. EBV IgG positive. CMV IgG positive (HBV anti-core positive. AgHBbs negative. AcHBs negative).
"Tumour markers: CEA and Ca 15.3 not elevated.
"Thoracic-abdomino-pelvic CT: mixed heterogeneous mass, approximately 4 cm, in the inner quadrants of the left breast. Left axillary adenopathy suggestive of malignancy.
There are no pathological findings at pulmonary, abdominal or pelvic level.
"Transthoracic echocardiogram: no pathological findings.
"Electromyography: minimal denervation of the right deltoid muscle, compatible with inflammatory activity.
"Skin biopsy of the neck region: perianexial and perivascular superficial and deep perivascular lichenoid dermatitis, compatible with dermatomyositis.
"Deltoid muscle biopsy: skeletal muscle with numerous necrotic muscle fibres in various stages of development. Regenerating muscle fibres and isolated mononuclear inflammatory cells are also observed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with antibody against histocompatibility antigen type 1 shows immunostaining at the periphery of some fibres. The alterations are compatible with an inflammatory myopathy.
Diagnosis
Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis.
Treatment
Treatment was started with high doses of corticosteroid, prednisone 60 mg per day, with some improvement of the symptoms. Given the high possibility that the symptoms corresponded to paraneoplastic dermatomyositis, it was decided to start specific neoadjuvant treatment for his oncological disease with paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC6 during admission.
Evolution
Given her clinical stability, the patient was discharged for continuation of outpatient treatment at the Medical Oncology department, where she was treated with 12 cycles of carboplatin AUC6 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 followed by four cycles of doxorubucin 60 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 with excellent tolerance and complete resolution of the paraneoplastic symptoms. CK values normalised two weeks after the start of corticosteroid and chemotherapy treatment.
Breast MRI, performed after completion of neoadjuvant treatment, shows a major partial response with an 11 mm tumour and a small residual left axillary lymphadenopathy.
The patient is currently awaiting surgery for the breast tumour.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"50-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"recently",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"infiltrating",
"ductal",
"carcinoma",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
",",
"locally",
"advanced",
"(",
"cT2N2M0",
")",
",",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"negative",
",",
"HER2",
"negative",
",",
"proliferation",
"index",
"70",
"%",
"and",
"nuclear",
"grade",
"III",
",",
"awaiting",
"treatment",
".",
"No",
"other",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"No",
"drug",
"allergies",
"or",
"usual",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"a",
"10-day",
"history",
"of",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"muscle",
"weakness",
"and",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"skin",
"lesions",
".",
"She",
"reported",
"muscle",
"weakness",
"in",
"the",
"proximal",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
"and",
",",
"subsequently",
",",
"also",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"with",
"significant",
"functional",
"limitation",
"(",
"inability",
"to",
"raise",
"her",
"arms",
"to",
"comb",
"her",
"hair",
"or",
"climb",
"stairs",
")",
",",
"together",
"with",
"intense",
"asthenia",
".",
"The",
"condition",
"was",
"associated",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"erythematous",
"papular",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"face",
",",
"with",
"subsequent",
"dissemination",
"to",
"the",
"décolleté",
"region",
"and",
"dorsum",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
".",
"She",
"had",
"not",
"presented",
"fever",
"or",
"other",
"symptoms",
"of",
"probable",
"infectious",
"origin",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Haemodynamically",
"stable",
".",
"Afebrile",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"hard",
",",
"erythematous",
"tumour",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
",",
"approximately",
"4",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
".",
"Limitation",
"of",
"strength",
"of",
"the",
"proximal",
"muscles",
"of",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
"(",
"III-IV",
"/",
"V",
")",
"and",
"lower",
"limbs",
"(",
"IV",
"/",
"V",
")",
".",
"The",
"skin",
"showed",
"erythematous-violaceous",
"desquamative",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"periocular",
",",
"frontociliary",
"and",
"nasolabial",
"regions",
"and",
"erythematous-decamative",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"neckline",
"and",
"dorsum",
"of",
"the",
"metacarpophalanges",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"nail",
"lesions",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"rheumatology",
"department",
"where",
"the",
"following",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
":",
"\"",
"Autoimmunity",
"study",
":",
"normal",
"immunoglobulins",
".",
"Rheumatoid",
"factor",
"negative",
".",
"Anti-CCP",
"negative",
".",
"Normal",
"C4",
"and",
"C3",
".",
"ENAs",
",",
"ANA",
",",
"ANOEs",
",",
"ANCAs",
",",
"a-DNA",
",",
"anti-B2GP",
"and",
"anticardiolipin",
":",
"negative",
".",
"\"",
"Serology",
":",
"HIV",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"HBV",
"negative",
".",
"EBV",
"IgG",
"positive",
".",
"CMV",
"IgG",
"positive",
"(",
"HBV",
"anti-core",
"positive",
".",
"AgHBbs",
"negative",
".",
"AcHBs",
"negative",
")",
".",
"\"",
"Tumour",
"markers",
":",
"CEA",
"and",
"Ca",
"15",
".",
"3",
"not",
"elevated",
".",
"\"",
"Thoracic-abdomino-pelvic",
"CT",
":",
"mixed",
"heterogeneous",
"mass",
",",
"approximately",
"4",
"cm",
",",
"in",
"the",
"inner",
"quadrants",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
".",
"Left",
"axillary",
"adenopathy",
"suggestive",
"of",
"malignancy",
".",
"There",
"are",
"no",
"pathological",
"findings",
"at",
"pulmonary",
",",
"abdominal",
"or",
"pelvic",
"level",
".",
"\"",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
":",
"no",
"pathological",
"findings",
".",
"\"",
"Electromyography",
":",
"minimal",
"denervation",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"deltoid",
"muscle",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"inflammatory",
"activity",
".",
"\"",
"Skin",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"neck",
"region",
":",
"perianexial",
"and",
"perivascular",
"superficial",
"and",
"deep",
"perivascular",
"lichenoid",
"dermatitis",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"dermatomyositis",
".",
"\"",
"Deltoid",
"muscle",
"biopsy",
":",
"skeletal",
"muscle",
"with",
"numerous",
"necrotic",
"muscle",
"fibres",
"in",
"various",
"stages",
"of",
"development",
".",
"Regenerating",
"muscle",
"fibres",
"and",
"isolated",
"mononuclear",
"inflammatory",
"cells",
"are",
"also",
"observed",
".",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"(",
"IHC",
")",
"with",
"antibody",
"against",
"histocompatibility",
"antigen",
"type",
"1",
"shows",
"immunostaining",
"at",
"the",
"periphery",
"of",
"some",
"fibres",
".",
"The",
"alterations",
"are",
"compatible",
"with",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"myopathy",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Paraneoplastic",
"dermatomyositis",
".",
"Treatment",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"high",
"doses",
"of",
"corticosteroid",
",",
"prednisone",
"60",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
",",
"with",
"some",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"high",
"possibility",
"that",
"the",
"symptoms",
"corresponded",
"to",
"paraneoplastic",
"dermatomyositis",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"specific",
"neoadjuvant",
"treatment",
"for",
"his",
"oncological",
"disease",
"with",
"paclitaxel",
"80",
"mg",
"/",
"m2",
"and",
"carboplatin",
"AUC6",
"during",
"admission",
".",
"Evolution",
"Given",
"her",
"clinical",
"stability",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"for",
"continuation",
"of",
"outpatient",
"treatment",
"at",
"the",
"Medical",
"Oncology",
"department",
",",
"where",
"she",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"12",
"cycles",
"of",
"carboplatin",
"AUC6",
"and",
"paclitaxel",
"80",
"mg",
"/",
"m2",
"followed",
"by",
"four",
"cycles",
"of",
"doxorubucin",
"60",
"mg",
"/",
"m2",
"and",
"cyclophosphamide",
"600",
"mg",
"/",
"m2",
"with",
"excellent",
"tolerance",
"and",
"complete",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"paraneoplastic",
"symptoms",
".",
"CK",
"values",
"normalised",
"two",
"weeks",
"after",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"corticosteroid",
"and",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
".",
"Breast",
"MRI",
",",
"performed",
"after",
"completion",
"of",
"neoadjuvant",
"treatment",
",",
"shows",
"a",
"major",
"partial",
"response",
"with",
"an",
"11",
"mm",
"tumour",
"and",
"a",
"small",
"residual",
"left",
"axillary",
"lymphadenopathy",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"is",
"currently",
"awaiting",
"surgery",
"for",
"the",
"breast",
"tumour",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 313,
"end": 320
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1500,
"end": 1507
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1830,
"end": 1833
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1812,
"end": 1815
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1798,
"end": 1801
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1848,
"end": 1851
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1793,
"end": 1796
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1788,
"end": 1791
},
{
"text": "AgHBbs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1872,
"end": 1878
},
{
"text": "AcHBs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1889,
"end": 1894
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3375,
"end": 3382
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3983,
"end": 3990
}
] | en |
Male, 50 years old, HIV B3 (relapsing visceral leishmaniasis, oral candidiasis and CD4 <100), HCV, with undetectable viral load. Currently without antiretroviral treatment.
The patient was admitted for loss of 8 kg and malnutrition, together with moderate pancytopenia. Antiretroviral treatment was reintroduced together with neutrophil and platelet colony stimulating factors with good evolution.
Days later, the patient began to experience pain and weakness in both lower limbs and severe asthenia. Physical examination revealed multiple petechiae on the lower limbs and aphthae on the lower lip. Laboratory tests showed severe pancytopenia.
She began with a fever of 38oC, P. aeruginosa and Morganella morganii were isolated in blood cultures, so treatment was started with meropenem, the fever disappeared, but the severe pancytopenia persisted, so that recurrence of leishmania was ruled out on multiple occasions by PCR and bone marrow aspirate, as well as pharmacological toxicity. In view of this finding, treatment was started for non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium and for Mycobacterium tuberculosis while awaiting culture.
A CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed persistent mediastinal, hilar and periaortic adenopathies, which were similar in size or smaller than previously. Hepatomegaly and homogeneous splenomegaly, larger than the previous 22 cm. One week later a viral load for CMV of 2310 copies/nl was received, and treatment was started with foscarnet due to its low myelotoxicity potential compared to galanciclovir. Treatment was completed for 21 days and two consecutive negative viral loads were observed.
Due to persistent pancytopenia, it was decided to complete the study with an iliac crest biopsy, with a positive PCR and culture for non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium. Treatment for TB was then suspended, and treatment for MAI was maintained with azithromycin, ethambutol and rifabutin, with a good response and favourable evolution of the clinical picture.
Infection by Mycobacterium non tuberculosis genavense.
Mycobacterium genavense infection has been associated with massive adenopathy and organomegaly, especially splenomegaly, sometimes with splenic abscess.
All HIV-infected patients with MAC infection should receive a minimum of 12 months of therapy. In addition, CD4 count should be stable above 100 for at least six months before treatment is discontinued.
| [
"Male",
",",
"50",
"years",
"old",
",",
"HIV",
"B3",
"(",
"relapsing",
"visceral",
"leishmaniasis",
",",
"oral",
"candidiasis",
"and",
"CD4",
"<",
"100",
")",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"with",
"undetectable",
"viral",
"load",
".",
"Currently",
"without",
"antiretroviral",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"loss",
"of",
"8",
"kg",
"and",
"malnutrition",
",",
"together",
"with",
"moderate",
"pancytopenia",
".",
"Antiretroviral",
"treatment",
"was",
"reintroduced",
"together",
"with",
"neutrophil",
"and",
"platelet",
"colony",
"stimulating",
"factors",
"with",
"good",
"evolution",
".",
"Days",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"to",
"experience",
"pain",
"and",
"weakness",
"in",
"both",
"lower",
"limbs",
"and",
"severe",
"asthenia",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"multiple",
"petechiae",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
"and",
"aphthae",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"lip",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"severe",
"pancytopenia",
".",
"She",
"began",
"with",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"38oC",
",",
"P",
".",
"aeruginosa",
"and",
"Morganella",
"morganii",
"were",
"isolated",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"so",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"meropenem",
",",
"the",
"fever",
"disappeared",
",",
"but",
"the",
"severe",
"pancytopenia",
"persisted",
",",
"so",
"that",
"recurrence",
"of",
"leishmania",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"on",
"multiple",
"occasions",
"by",
"PCR",
"and",
"bone",
"marrow",
"aspirate",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"pharmacological",
"toxicity",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"this",
"finding",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"for",
"non-tuberculosis",
"Mycobacterium",
"and",
"for",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"while",
"awaiting",
"culture",
".",
"A",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"chest",
",",
"abdomen",
"and",
"pelvis",
"showed",
"persistent",
"mediastinal",
",",
"hilar",
"and",
"periaortic",
"adenopathies",
",",
"which",
"were",
"similar",
"in",
"size",
"or",
"smaller",
"than",
"previously",
".",
"Hepatomegaly",
"and",
"homogeneous",
"splenomegaly",
",",
"larger",
"than",
"the",
"previous",
"22",
"cm",
".",
"One",
"week",
"later",
"a",
"viral",
"load",
"for",
"CMV",
"of",
"2310",
"copies",
"/",
"nl",
"was",
"received",
",",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"foscarnet",
"due",
"to",
"its",
"low",
"myelotoxicity",
"potential",
"compared",
"to",
"galanciclovir",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"completed",
"for",
"21",
"days",
"and",
"two",
"consecutive",
"negative",
"viral",
"loads",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"persistent",
"pancytopenia",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"complete",
"the",
"study",
"with",
"an",
"iliac",
"crest",
"biopsy",
",",
"with",
"a",
"positive",
"PCR",
"and",
"culture",
"for",
"non-tuberculosis",
"Mycobacterium",
".",
"Treatment",
"for",
"TB",
"was",
"then",
"suspended",
",",
"and",
"treatment",
"for",
"MAI",
"was",
"maintained",
"with",
"azithromycin",
",",
"ethambutol",
"and",
"rifabutin",
",",
"with",
"a",
"good",
"response",
"and",
"favourable",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
".",
"Infection",
"by",
"Mycobacterium",
"non",
"tuberculosis",
"genavense",
".",
"Mycobacterium",
"genavense",
"infection",
"has",
"been",
"associated",
"with",
"massive",
"adenopathy",
"and",
"organomegaly",
",",
"especially",
"splenomegaly",
",",
"sometimes",
"with",
"splenic",
"abscess",
".",
"All",
"HIV-infected",
"patients",
"with",
"MAC",
"infection",
"should",
"receive",
"a",
"minimum",
"of",
"12",
"months",
"of",
"therapy",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"CD4",
"count",
"should",
"be",
"stable",
"above",
"100",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"six",
"months",
"before",
"treatment",
"is",
"discontinued",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 94,
"end": 97
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 20,
"end": 23
},
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 4
},
{
"text": "antiretroviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 147,
"end": 161
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 117,
"end": 122
},
{
"text": "Antiretroviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 270,
"end": 284
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 177,
"end": 184
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 414,
"end": 421
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1079,
"end": 1105
},
{
"text": "leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 872,
"end": 882
},
{
"text": "P. aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 676,
"end": 689
},
{
"text": "Morganella morganii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 694,
"end": 713
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1401,
"end": 1404
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1386,
"end": 1391
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1609,
"end": 1614
},
{
"text": "MAI",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1856,
"end": 1859
}
] | en |
A 43-year-old Caucasian man with no previous illness presented to the infectious diseases clinic on 20 March 2020 with fever up to 39.5 oC, general malaise and non-productive cough of 6 days' evolution.
The patient was in good general health. Physical examination, except for a sore throat, revealed no abnormalities. Laboratory tests showed the following results: mild leukocytopenia (white blood cell count: 3.57 x 103/μL, normal range: 4.0-10.0), thrombocytopenia (thrombocyte count: 107 x 103/μL, normal range: 150-420), high C-reactive protein (113 mg/L, normal range: < 6). A rapid influenza smear was negative. A nasopharyngeal swab was obtained for genetic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The patient was discharged and advised to self-confine at home. The following day, the laboratory confirmed positive for COVID-19.
Two days after discharge, the patient returned to the hospital with dyspnoea. Laboratory tests showed an increased C-reactive protein up to 250 mg/L, a normal white blood cell count of 8.26 x 103/μL and lymphocytopenia of 0.7 x 103/μL (normal range: 1.0-4.0 x 103/μL). The patient had the following vital signs: SpO2 94%, blood pressure 80/60, temperature 37.1 oC.
Chest X-ray showed bilateral ground-glass opacities in the lower lobes and focal consolidation in the left lung. The patient was admitted to the infectious diseases ward.
Treatment was started with chloroquine (1.0 g per day in two doses orally), antibiotics (ceftriaxone 2.0 g per day i.v. and clarithromycin 1.0 g per day in two doses orally), oxygen (mask) and saline i.v. Signs of respiratory failure appeared on day 23. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) where he was placed on positive bipressure mechanical ventilation (BPAP) and given i.v. norepinephrine because of the circulatory failure that appeared the following day. Blood cultures and urine and sputum cultures were negative. Another chest X-ray showed development of ground-glass opacities and focal consolidations, mainly in the left lung. In the following days, despite a decrease in inflammatory markers, the clinical status remained unchanged. The patient is still hospitalised in the ICU.
Ground-glass opacities and focal consolidations (mostly in the peripheral and subpleural regions of the lower zones) on chest radiographs observed in this patient are the most common radiological findings in patients with COVID-19. In our patient, clinical worsening was observed 6 days after symptom onset, he was admitted after 9 days and was transferred to the ICU after 10 days, which is in line with previous findings that disease progression usually occurs 1-2 weeks after symptom onset.
| [
"A",
"43-year-old",
"Caucasian",
"man",
"with",
"no",
"previous",
"illness",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"clinic",
"on",
"20",
"March",
"2020",
"with",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"39",
".",
"5",
"oC",
",",
"general",
"malaise",
"and",
"non-productive",
"cough",
"of",
"6",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"health",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
",",
"except",
"for",
"a",
"sore",
"throat",
",",
"revealed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"the",
"following",
"results",
":",
"mild",
"leukocytopenia",
"(",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
":",
"3",
".",
"57",
"x",
"103",
"/",
"μL",
",",
"normal",
"range",
":",
"4",
".",
"0-10",
".",
"0",
")",
",",
"thrombocytopenia",
"(",
"thrombocyte",
"count",
":",
"107",
"x",
"103",
"/",
"μL",
",",
"normal",
"range",
":",
"150-420",
")",
",",
"high",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"113",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"normal",
"range",
":",
"<",
"6",
")",
".",
"A",
"rapid",
"influenza",
"smear",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"A",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
"was",
"obtained",
"for",
"genetic",
"testing",
"for",
"severe",
"acute",
"respiratory",
"syndrome",
"coronavirus",
"2",
"(",
"SARS-CoV-2",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"and",
"advised",
"to",
"self-confine",
"at",
"home",
".",
"The",
"following",
"day",
",",
"the",
"laboratory",
"confirmed",
"positive",
"for",
"COVID-19",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"after",
"discharge",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"returned",
"to",
"the",
"hospital",
"with",
"dyspnoea",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"an",
"increased",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"up",
"to",
"250",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"a",
"normal",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
"of",
"8",
".",
"26",
"x",
"103",
"/",
"μL",
"and",
"lymphocytopenia",
"of",
"0",
".",
"7",
"x",
"103",
"/",
"μL",
"(",
"normal",
"range",
":",
"1",
".",
"0-4",
".",
"0",
"x",
"103",
"/",
"μL",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"the",
"following",
"vital",
"signs",
":",
"SpO2",
"94",
"%",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
"80",
"/",
"60",
",",
"temperature",
"37",
".",
"1",
"oC",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"lobes",
"and",
"focal",
"consolidation",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"ward",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"chloroquine",
"(",
"1",
".",
"0",
"g",
"per",
"day",
"in",
"two",
"doses",
"orally",
")",
",",
"antibiotics",
"(",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
".",
"0",
"g",
"per",
"day",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"and",
"clarithromycin",
"1",
".",
"0",
"g",
"per",
"day",
"in",
"two",
"doses",
"orally",
")",
",",
"oxygen",
"(",
"mask",
")",
"and",
"saline",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"Signs",
"of",
"respiratory",
"failure",
"appeared",
"on",
"day",
"23",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"intensive",
"care",
"unit",
"(",
"ICU",
")",
"where",
"he",
"was",
"placed",
"on",
"positive",
"bipressure",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
"(",
"BPAP",
")",
"and",
"given",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"norepinephrine",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"circulatory",
"failure",
"that",
"appeared",
"the",
"following",
"day",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"urine",
"and",
"sputum",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Another",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"development",
"of",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
"and",
"focal",
"consolidations",
",",
"mainly",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
".",
"In",
"the",
"following",
"days",
",",
"despite",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"inflammatory",
"markers",
",",
"the",
"clinical",
"status",
"remained",
"unchanged",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"is",
"still",
"hospitalised",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
".",
"Ground-glass",
"opacities",
"and",
"focal",
"consolidations",
"(",
"mostly",
"in",
"the",
"peripheral",
"and",
"subpleural",
"regions",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"zones",
")",
"on",
"chest",
"radiographs",
"observed",
"in",
"this",
"patient",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"radiological",
"findings",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"COVID-19",
".",
"In",
"our",
"patient",
",",
"clinical",
"worsening",
"was",
"observed",
"6",
"days",
"after",
"symptom",
"onset",
",",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"after",
"9",
"days",
"and",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"after",
"10",
"days",
",",
"which",
"is",
"in",
"line",
"with",
"previous",
"findings",
"that",
"disease",
"progression",
"usually",
"occurs",
"1-2",
"weeks",
"after",
"symptom",
"onset",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 28,
"end": 31
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 215,
"end": 222
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 751,
"end": 758
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 734,
"end": 744
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 910,
"end": 917
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1153,
"end": 1160
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1364,
"end": 1371
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1677,
"end": 1684
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2192,
"end": 2199
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2393,
"end": 2400
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2477,
"end": 2484
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2446,
"end": 2454
}
] | en |
An 82-year-old woman came to the emergency department for a decrease in VA in the right eye lasting a month and a half, with no pain or other accompanying ocular or systemic symptoms.
Her personal history included: metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism secondary to thyroidectomy for a benign nodule, cataract surgery in the AO.
Examination showed an improved corrected VA of 20/32 in the right eye and hand movement in the left eye. There was no reactive afferent pupillary defect. There is mild hyperemia in the LA with a Tyndall of 1+ and an intraocular pressure of 20 mmHg in the AO. In the FO of the OI, a dense and mobile vitreous detachment (DVP) and extensive retinal haemorrhages are observed over a whitish-yellowish lesion with an infiltrative appearance. A 10 MHz ocular ultrasound was performed, showing the presence of a complete PVD and hyperechogenic signs in the vitreous space. OCT of the OI could not be performed due to media opacity. Posterior uveitis of undetermined origin was diagnosed and treated with topical corticosteroid and cyclopentolate. Fluorescein angiography of poor quality was performed due to vitreous turbidity, in which diffuse hyperfluorescence was detected, greater in arcades and papilla.
A blood test was performed with biochemistry, haemogram and serology to rule out syphilis, CMV, Epstein-Barr, toxoplasma and HIV, which was negative for all of them, except for IgG+ for toxoplasma. A chest X-ray was requested, which was normal. Vitreous humour was extracted for viral study and CMF, which were negative. Given the opacity of the media and the lack of response to topical treatment, it was decided to perform a diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) 23 G to extract samples for microbiological analysis. At the end of the surgery, diffuse subretinal infiltrates were observed, not only peripapillary, with vascular sheathing, and a haemorrhagic and exudative lesion nasal to the papilla, which continued to guide the diagnosis towards retinal infiltration of possible tumour origin. The vitreous culture for microorganisms was negative and the CMF analysis showed a very hypocellular sample with no abnormal lymphocyte phenotype. Given that none of the tests performed allowed diagnostic confirmation, it was decided to perform a new 23 G PPV (and injection of 5000 Cs silicone) to perform a retina-choroid en bloc biopsy for pathology study, which was finally compatible with a high-grade diffuse B-cell lymphoma. An orbital and cerebral MRI with gadolinium was performed, which ruled out lesions compatible with cerebral lymphoma, but confirmed some contrast enhancement in the retina, with no involvement of the optic nerve or other orbital structures. The patient was referred to the Haematology Department for systemic screening with lumbar puncture, cranio-thoracic-abdominal CT scan and laboratory tests, all of which were negative and therefore a diagnosis of LIOP was made.
The patient and her relatives refused systemic treatment or radiotherapy, but accepted treatment with 0.1 ml of rituximab i.v. injection off-label, which was carried out on up to four occasions. In this case, given that the patient had silicone in the anterior chamber and in the vitreous compartment, CMF cannot be performed to control CD20 negativisation, so photographic follow-up is proposed, as well as periodic study of the interleukin (IL)-10:IL-6 ratio in aqueous humour to assess the therapeutic efficacy and follow-up of LIOP, as well as systemic controls with PL every month and MRI every three months.
| [
"An",
"82-year-old",
"woman",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"VA",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"lasting",
"a",
"month",
"and",
"a",
"half",
",",
"with",
"no",
"pain",
"or",
"other",
"accompanying",
"ocular",
"or",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
".",
"Her",
"personal",
"history",
"included",
":",
"metabolic",
"syndrome",
",",
"hypothyroidism",
"secondary",
"to",
"thyroidectomy",
"for",
"a",
"benign",
"nodule",
",",
"cataract",
"surgery",
"in",
"the",
"AO",
".",
"Examination",
"showed",
"an",
"improved",
"corrected",
"VA",
"of",
"20",
"/",
"32",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"and",
"hand",
"movement",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"reactive",
"afferent",
"pupillary",
"defect",
".",
"There",
"is",
"mild",
"hyperemia",
"in",
"the",
"LA",
"with",
"a",
"Tyndall",
"of",
"1",
"+",
"and",
"an",
"intraocular",
"pressure",
"of",
"20",
"mmHg",
"in",
"the",
"AO",
".",
"In",
"the",
"FO",
"of",
"the",
"OI",
",",
"a",
"dense",
"and",
"mobile",
"vitreous",
"detachment",
"(",
"DVP",
")",
"and",
"extensive",
"retinal",
"haemorrhages",
"are",
"observed",
"over",
"a",
"whitish-yellowish",
"lesion",
"with",
"an",
"infiltrative",
"appearance",
".",
"A",
"10",
"MHz",
"ocular",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"complete",
"PVD",
"and",
"hyperechogenic",
"signs",
"in",
"the",
"vitreous",
"space",
".",
"OCT",
"of",
"the",
"OI",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"performed",
"due",
"to",
"media",
"opacity",
".",
"Posterior",
"uveitis",
"of",
"undetermined",
"origin",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"and",
"treated",
"with",
"topical",
"corticosteroid",
"and",
"cyclopentolate",
".",
"Fluorescein",
"angiography",
"of",
"poor",
"quality",
"was",
"performed",
"due",
"to",
"vitreous",
"turbidity",
",",
"in",
"which",
"diffuse",
"hyperfluorescence",
"was",
"detected",
",",
"greater",
"in",
"arcades",
"and",
"papilla",
".",
"A",
"blood",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"biochemistry",
",",
"haemogram",
"and",
"serology",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"syphilis",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"Epstein-Barr",
",",
"toxoplasma",
"and",
"HIV",
",",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
"for",
"all",
"of",
"them",
",",
"except",
"for",
"IgG",
"+",
"for",
"toxoplasma",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Vitreous",
"humour",
"was",
"extracted",
"for",
"viral",
"study",
"and",
"CMF",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"opacity",
"of",
"the",
"media",
"and",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"response",
"to",
"topical",
"treatment",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"diagnostic",
"pars",
"plana",
"vitrectomy",
"(",
"PPV",
")",
"23",
"G",
"to",
"extract",
"samples",
"for",
"microbiological",
"analysis",
".",
"At",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"surgery",
",",
"diffuse",
"subretinal",
"infiltrates",
"were",
"observed",
",",
"not",
"only",
"peripapillary",
",",
"with",
"vascular",
"sheathing",
",",
"and",
"a",
"haemorrhagic",
"and",
"exudative",
"lesion",
"nasal",
"to",
"the",
"papilla",
",",
"which",
"continued",
"to",
"guide",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"towards",
"retinal",
"infiltration",
"of",
"possible",
"tumour",
"origin",
".",
"The",
"vitreous",
"culture",
"for",
"microorganisms",
"was",
"negative",
"and",
"the",
"CMF",
"analysis",
"showed",
"a",
"very",
"hypocellular",
"sample",
"with",
"no",
"abnormal",
"lymphocyte",
"phenotype",
".",
"Given",
"that",
"none",
"of",
"the",
"tests",
"performed",
"allowed",
"diagnostic",
"confirmation",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"new",
"23",
"G",
"PPV",
"(",
"and",
"injection",
"of",
"5000",
"Cs",
"silicone",
")",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"retina-choroid",
"en",
"bloc",
"biopsy",
"for",
"pathology",
"study",
",",
"which",
"was",
"finally",
"compatible",
"with",
"a",
"high-grade",
"diffuse",
"B-cell",
"lymphoma",
".",
"An",
"orbital",
"and",
"cerebral",
"MRI",
"with",
"gadolinium",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"ruled",
"out",
"lesions",
"compatible",
"with",
"cerebral",
"lymphoma",
",",
"but",
"confirmed",
"some",
"contrast",
"enhancement",
"in",
"the",
"retina",
",",
"with",
"no",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"optic",
"nerve",
"or",
"other",
"orbital",
"structures",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"Haematology",
"Department",
"for",
"systemic",
"screening",
"with",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
",",
"cranio-thoracic-abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"and",
"laboratory",
"tests",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"therefore",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"LIOP",
"was",
"made",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"and",
"her",
"relatives",
"refused",
"systemic",
"treatment",
"or",
"radiotherapy",
",",
"but",
"accepted",
"treatment",
"with",
"0",
".",
"1",
"ml",
"of",
"rituximab",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"injection",
"off-label",
",",
"which",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"on",
"up",
"to",
"four",
"occasions",
".",
"In",
"this",
"case",
",",
"given",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"silicone",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"chamber",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"vitreous",
"compartment",
",",
"CMF",
"cannot",
"be",
"performed",
"to",
"control",
"CD20",
"negativisation",
",",
"so",
"photographic",
"follow-up",
"is",
"proposed",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"periodic",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"interleukin",
"(",
"IL",
")",
"-",
"10",
":",
"IL-6",
"ratio",
"in",
"aqueous",
"humour",
"to",
"assess",
"the",
"therapeutic",
"efficacy",
"and",
"follow-up",
"of",
"LIOP",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"systemic",
"controls",
"with",
"PL",
"every",
"month",
"and",
"MRI",
"every",
"three",
"months",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 20
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 188,
"end": 196
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1321,
"end": 1324
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1326,
"end": 1338
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1355,
"end": 1358
},
{
"text": "microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2054,
"end": 2068
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2706,
"end": 2713
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1311,
"end": 1319
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1340,
"end": 1350
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1416,
"end": 1426
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2949,
"end": 2958
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2933,
"end": 2940
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3153,
"end": 3160
}
] | en |
A 66-year-old man from the United Kingdom, with no drug allergies, ex-smoker and regular daily consumer of beer and wine. He has no medical history of interest. Surgical history: vasectomy, varicose veins, tonsillectomy. He does not undergo any regular treatment.
In the last year he presented with mild to moderate pain in the left hip, with a sudden increase in pain in the last 2-3 weeks, even at rest, requiring outpatient analgesia. One week later, she came to the emergency department of our hospital as there was no improvement in her condition and intense pain in the dorsal-lumbar spine with difficulty in ambulation. After finding severe osteoarthritis in the left hip, he was discharged home with symptomatic treatment (tapentadol and celecoxib). Despite partial control of the pain, he returned to the emergency department for a sudden loss of strength in all four limbs (predominantly on the left) over 72 hours. She was accompanied by acute confusional syndrome with anterograde amnesia and auditory and visual hallucinations. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with unknown rapid ventricular response was also observed, and effective pharmacological cardioversion was performed in the observation area.
Physical examination revealed fever up to 38.5oC, with acceptable general condition, good hydration of skin and mucous membranes with slight icteric tinge of conjunctival mucosa. Telangiectasias without palmar erythema were seen. Rhythmic heart tones without murmurs and preserved vesicular murmur. Abdomen is nondescript. Lower limbs with slight pretibial oedema. In the neurological examination: he is conscious and oriented, without language alterations with normal cranial nerves; predominantly crural and left tetraparesis (proximal and distal MSD: 3/5, proximal and distal MSI: 2/5, proximal MID: 3/5 and distal MID: 2/5, proximal and distal MII 2/5); ROT are globally weak; and bilateral flexor plantar cutaneous reflexes; no amyotrophies or alterations in sensitivity. The pacemaker cannot be explored.
Complementary tests performed on admission include: Hb 13.8 g/dl; platelets 90,000 /mm3; leukocytes 12,900 /mm3 (N 12,100). In BQ: glucose 100 mg/dl, Creatinine 1.3 mg/dl; Na 128 mEq/l, K 3.66 mEq/l, Ca 9.3 mg/dl, AST 110 U/I, ALT 44 U/I, GGT 92 U/I, total bilirubin 2.61 mg/dl (direct 1.74 mg/dl), CRP 267 mg/l; other biochemistry and venous blood gases were normal. Chest and abdominal X-ray showed no findings. Cranial CT scan with no significant findings and abdominal ultrasound with cholelithiasis. MRI of the spine was requested and blood and urine cultures were taken.
Differential diagnosis
The syndromic diagnosis in our case was acute tetraparesis and febrile syndrome in a 68-year-old male. The main processes to be taken into account in this case are as follows:
1) Infectious: bacteria would be the most related germs, especially Staphylococcus aureus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (although this usually causes a subacute or chronic picture). They can cause spinal cord damage by direct myelitis or by various foci such as vertebral osteomyelitis, epidural, subdural or subarachnoid abscesses. Other bacteria to take into account are Treponema pallidum responsible for tertiary syphilis and those causing meningitis: Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Among viruses, we can highlight enterovirus, HSV-2, HIV, those transmitted by arthropods, VZV, EBV, etc. although they usually manifest with a more subacute course. A minority of cases are related to fungal or parasitic infections, which, given the characteristics of our case, would be highly improbable.
2) The vascular phenomena involved may be infarcts or spinal haemorrhages, occurring more frequently in those with certain congenital malformations.
3) Another process that could contribute to our patient's symptoms would be advanced degenerative osteoarticular disease or herniated discs, although this would not justify the fever or the rapidity of the symptoms. 4) Neoplasms such as lymphoma, leukaemia or bone metastases would be other entities to rule out, with an atypical form of presentation.
5) Other causes related to this picture are autoimmune diseases that give rise to transverse myelitis (Behcet's, FAS, SLE, etc.) or inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis, although our patient does not seem to meet the criteria for these. Finally, we should consider other less common causes (hereditary metabolic disorders, familial periodic hypokalaemia) if, after an extensive study, we have not reached a clear diagnosis.
Evolution
On admission, after obtaining cultures, empirical antibiotherapy was started with ceftriaxone 2g/12h and levofloxacin 500/24h, which was later modified to linezolid 600 mg/12h after identifying Staphylococcus aureus by MALDI-TOF technique in blood cultures.
MRI of the spine was performed, where several epidural collections were identified at the cervical (C5-C7) and dorsal (C7-T2, T6-T7, T10-T11), anterior and posterior levels, with collapse of the subarachnoid space and slight spinal cord compression, as well as alteration of the signal of the vertebrae in the segments studied, and at the lumbar segment level a lumbar epidural abscess was visualised from L2 to L5 with compression of the cauda equina roots, with bone oedema at L3, L4 and L5 and a focus of left paravertebral pyomyositis at L5-S1 together with 2 small bilateral psoas abscesses (< 2 cm). Cranial MRI was within normal limits. In view of these findings on imaging tests, neurosurgical intervention was decided (multiple laminectomy at C3-C4, T1 and L4-L5 and drainage of epidural collections). Cultures of epidural abscess samples and blood cultures isolated Staphyloccocus aureus MS, modifying antibiotherapy to cloxacillin 2 g/4h. The study was completed with serologies for hepatitis, HIV, CMV, EBV, herpes virus and syphilis, which were negative, and a transthoracic echocardiography with findings of mild mitral and aortic insufficiency, preserved LVEF and a negative study for endocarditis.
Eleven days after surgery, he presented progressive neurological worsening, and a new cervical-dorsal MRI was performed, showing a CSF fistula and a dorsal epidural collection, for which he was reoperated (dorsal reopening and drainage of the epidural collection). Two weeks after admission, there was a clear clinical, analytical and radiological improvement of the collections at all levels, as well as negative blood cultures. After 6 weeks on high-dose cloxacillin, the patient was switched to oral levofloxacin.
During her evolution, pain of mechanical characteristics reappeared in the left hip, and an MRI was requested of this area, showing degenerative changes in the left coxo-femoral joint, with moderate synovial effusion and oedema in the iliac psoas and obturator externus and left gluteus minimus. In addition to probable linear infarction in the proximal third of the femoral diaphysis. It was therefore decided to prolong antibiotic treatment for a further 4 weeks with ceftriaxone and levofloxacin.
One month after finishing antibiotic therapy, it was decided to implant a left hip THA, which was performed without complications, and the patient was currently ambulatory and independent in his daily activities.
Final diagnosis
- Multiple epidural abscesses (cervical, dorsal and lumbar) due to Staphylococcus aureus.
- Secondary multiple vertebral osteomyelitis. Bilateral psoas abscesses.
- Severe osteoarthritis of the left coxo-femoral joint.
- Acute tetraparesis secondary to epidural abscesses.
| [
"A",
"66-year-old",
"man",
"from",
"the",
"United",
"Kingdom",
",",
"with",
"no",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"ex-smoker",
"and",
"regular",
"daily",
"consumer",
"of",
"beer",
"and",
"wine",
".",
"He",
"has",
"no",
"medical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Surgical",
"history",
":",
"vasectomy",
",",
"varicose",
"veins",
",",
"tonsillectomy",
".",
"He",
"does",
"not",
"undergo",
"any",
"regular",
"treatment",
".",
"In",
"the",
"last",
"year",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"mild",
"to",
"moderate",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hip",
",",
"with",
"a",
"sudden",
"increase",
"in",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"2-3",
"weeks",
",",
"even",
"at",
"rest",
",",
"requiring",
"outpatient",
"analgesia",
".",
"One",
"week",
"later",
",",
"she",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
"as",
"there",
"was",
"no",
"improvement",
"in",
"her",
"condition",
"and",
"intense",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"dorsal-lumbar",
"spine",
"with",
"difficulty",
"in",
"ambulation",
".",
"After",
"finding",
"severe",
"osteoarthritis",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hip",
",",
"he",
"was",
"discharged",
"home",
"with",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"(",
"tapentadol",
"and",
"celecoxib",
")",
".",
"Despite",
"partial",
"control",
"of",
"the",
"pain",
",",
"he",
"returned",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"a",
"sudden",
"loss",
"of",
"strength",
"in",
"all",
"four",
"limbs",
"(",
"predominantly",
"on",
"the",
"left",
")",
"over",
"72",
"hours",
".",
"She",
"was",
"accompanied",
"by",
"acute",
"confusional",
"syndrome",
"with",
"anterograde",
"amnesia",
"and",
"auditory",
"and",
"visual",
"hallucinations",
".",
"Paroxysmal",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
"with",
"unknown",
"rapid",
"ventricular",
"response",
"was",
"also",
"observed",
",",
"and",
"effective",
"pharmacological",
"cardioversion",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"observation",
"area",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"38",
".",
"5oC",
",",
"with",
"acceptable",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"good",
"hydration",
"of",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
"with",
"slight",
"icteric",
"tinge",
"of",
"conjunctival",
"mucosa",
".",
"Telangiectasias",
"without",
"palmar",
"erythema",
"were",
"seen",
".",
"Rhythmic",
"heart",
"tones",
"without",
"murmurs",
"and",
"preserved",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
".",
"Abdomen",
"is",
"nondescript",
".",
"Lower",
"limbs",
"with",
"slight",
"pretibial",
"oedema",
".",
"In",
"the",
"neurological",
"examination",
":",
"he",
"is",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
",",
"without",
"language",
"alterations",
"with",
"normal",
"cranial",
"nerves",
";",
"predominantly",
"crural",
"and",
"left",
"tetraparesis",
"(",
"proximal",
"and",
"distal",
"MSD",
":",
"3",
"/",
"5",
",",
"proximal",
"and",
"distal",
"MSI",
":",
"2",
"/",
"5",
",",
"proximal",
"MID",
":",
"3",
"/",
"5",
"and",
"distal",
"MID",
":",
"2",
"/",
"5",
",",
"proximal",
"and",
"distal",
"MII",
"2",
"/",
"5",
")",
";",
"ROT",
"are",
"globally",
"weak",
";",
"and",
"bilateral",
"flexor",
"plantar",
"cutaneous",
"reflexes",
";",
"no",
"amyotrophies",
"or",
"alterations",
"in",
"sensitivity",
".",
"The",
"pacemaker",
"cannot",
"be",
"explored",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"performed",
"on",
"admission",
"include",
":",
"Hb",
"13",
".",
"8",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"platelets",
"90",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
";",
"leukocytes",
"12",
",",
"900",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"N",
"12",
",",
"100",
")",
".",
"In",
"BQ",
":",
"glucose",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"Creatinine",
"1",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"Na",
"128",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"K",
"3",
".",
"66",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"Ca",
"9",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"AST",
"110",
"U",
"/",
"I",
",",
"ALT",
"44",
"U",
"/",
"I",
",",
"GGT",
"92",
"U",
"/",
"I",
",",
"total",
"bilirubin",
"2",
".",
"61",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"(",
"direct",
"1",
".",
"74",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
",",
"CRP",
"267",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
";",
"other",
"biochemistry",
"and",
"venous",
"blood",
"gases",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Chest",
"and",
"abdominal",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"Cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"with",
"no",
"significant",
"findings",
"and",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"with",
"cholelithiasis",
".",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"spine",
"was",
"requested",
"and",
"blood",
"and",
"urine",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"syndromic",
"diagnosis",
"in",
"our",
"case",
"was",
"acute",
"tetraparesis",
"and",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"in",
"a",
"68-year-old",
"male",
".",
"The",
"main",
"processes",
"to",
"be",
"taken",
"into",
"account",
"in",
"this",
"case",
"are",
"as",
"follows",
":",
"1",
")",
"Infectious",
":",
"bacteria",
"would",
"be",
"the",
"most",
"related",
"germs",
",",
"especially",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"or",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"(",
"although",
"this",
"usually",
"causes",
"a",
"subacute",
"or",
"chronic",
"picture",
")",
".",
"They",
"can",
"cause",
"spinal",
"cord",
"damage",
"by",
"direct",
"myelitis",
"or",
"by",
"various",
"foci",
"such",
"as",
"vertebral",
"osteomyelitis",
",",
"epidural",
",",
"subdural",
"or",
"subarachnoid",
"abscesses",
".",
"Other",
"bacteria",
"to",
"take",
"into",
"account",
"are",
"Treponema",
"pallidum",
"responsible",
"for",
"tertiary",
"syphilis",
"and",
"those",
"causing",
"meningitis",
":",
"Neisseria",
"meningitidis",
"and",
"Streptococcus",
"pneumoniae",
".",
"Among",
"viruses",
",",
"we",
"can",
"highlight",
"enterovirus",
",",
"HSV-2",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"those",
"transmitted",
"by",
"arthropods",
",",
"VZV",
",",
"EBV",
",",
"etc",
".",
"although",
"they",
"usually",
"manifest",
"with",
"a",
"more",
"subacute",
"course",
".",
"A",
"minority",
"of",
"cases",
"are",
"related",
"to",
"fungal",
"or",
"parasitic",
"infections",
",",
"which",
",",
"given",
"the",
"characteristics",
"of",
"our",
"case",
",",
"would",
"be",
"highly",
"improbable",
".",
"2",
")",
"The",
"vascular",
"phenomena",
"involved",
"may",
"be",
"infarcts",
"or",
"spinal",
"haemorrhages",
",",
"occurring",
"more",
"frequently",
"in",
"those",
"with",
"certain",
"congenital",
"malformations",
".",
"3",
")",
"Another",
"process",
"that",
"could",
"contribute",
"to",
"our",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"symptoms",
"would",
"be",
"advanced",
"degenerative",
"osteoarticular",
"disease",
"or",
"herniated",
"discs",
",",
"although",
"this",
"would",
"not",
"justify",
"the",
"fever",
"or",
"the",
"rapidity",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
".",
"4",
")",
"Neoplasms",
"such",
"as",
"lymphoma",
",",
"leukaemia",
"or",
"bone",
"metastases",
"would",
"be",
"other",
"entities",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
",",
"with",
"an",
"atypical",
"form",
"of",
"presentation",
".",
"5",
")",
"Other",
"causes",
"related",
"to",
"this",
"picture",
"are",
"autoimmune",
"diseases",
"that",
"give",
"rise",
"to",
"transverse",
"myelitis",
"(",
"Behcet",
"'",
"s",
",",
"FAS",
",",
"SLE",
",",
"etc",
".",
")",
"or",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"such",
"as",
"sarcoidosis",
",",
"although",
"our",
"patient",
"does",
"not",
"seem",
"to",
"meet",
"the",
"criteria",
"for",
"these",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"we",
"should",
"consider",
"other",
"less",
"common",
"causes",
"(",
"hereditary",
"metabolic",
"disorders",
",",
"familial",
"periodic",
"hypokalaemia",
")",
"if",
",",
"after",
"an",
"extensive",
"study",
",",
"we",
"have",
"not",
"reached",
"a",
"clear",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Evolution",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"after",
"obtaining",
"cultures",
",",
"empirical",
"antibiotherapy",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"2g",
"/",
"12h",
"and",
"levofloxacin",
"500",
"/",
"24h",
",",
"which",
"was",
"later",
"modified",
"to",
"linezolid",
"600",
"mg",
"/",
"12h",
"after",
"identifying",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"by",
"MALDI-TOF",
"technique",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"spine",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"where",
"several",
"epidural",
"collections",
"were",
"identified",
"at",
"the",
"cervical",
"(",
"C5-C7",
")",
"and",
"dorsal",
"(",
"C7-T2",
",",
"T6-T7",
",",
"T10-T11",
")",
",",
"anterior",
"and",
"posterior",
"levels",
",",
"with",
"collapse",
"of",
"the",
"subarachnoid",
"space",
"and",
"slight",
"spinal",
"cord",
"compression",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"alteration",
"of",
"the",
"signal",
"of",
"the",
"vertebrae",
"in",
"the",
"segments",
"studied",
",",
"and",
"at",
"the",
"lumbar",
"segment",
"level",
"a",
"lumbar",
"epidural",
"abscess",
"was",
"visualised",
"from",
"L2",
"to",
"L5",
"with",
"compression",
"of",
"the",
"cauda",
"equina",
"roots",
",",
"with",
"bone",
"oedema",
"at",
"L3",
",",
"L4",
"and",
"L5",
"and",
"a",
"focus",
"of",
"left",
"paravertebral",
"pyomyositis",
"at",
"L5-S1",
"together",
"with",
"2",
"small",
"bilateral",
"psoas",
"abscesses",
"(",
"<",
"2",
"cm",
")",
".",
"Cranial",
"MRI",
"was",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
"on",
"imaging",
"tests",
",",
"neurosurgical",
"intervention",
"was",
"decided",
"(",
"multiple",
"laminectomy",
"at",
"C3-C4",
",",
"T1",
"and",
"L4-L5",
"and",
"drainage",
"of",
"epidural",
"collections",
")",
".",
"Cultures",
"of",
"epidural",
"abscess",
"samples",
"and",
"blood",
"cultures",
"isolated",
"Staphyloccocus",
"aureus",
"MS",
",",
"modifying",
"antibiotherapy",
"to",
"cloxacillin",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"4h",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"serologies",
"for",
"hepatitis",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"EBV",
",",
"herpes",
"virus",
"and",
"syphilis",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"a",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"with",
"findings",
"of",
"mild",
"mitral",
"and",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
",",
"preserved",
"LVEF",
"and",
"a",
"negative",
"study",
"for",
"endocarditis",
".",
"Eleven",
"days",
"after",
"surgery",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"progressive",
"neurological",
"worsening",
",",
"and",
"a",
"new",
"cervical-dorsal",
"MRI",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"CSF",
"fistula",
"and",
"a",
"dorsal",
"epidural",
"collection",
",",
"for",
"which",
"he",
"was",
"reoperated",
"(",
"dorsal",
"reopening",
"and",
"drainage",
"of",
"the",
"epidural",
"collection",
")",
".",
"Two",
"weeks",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"clear",
"clinical",
",",
"analytical",
"and",
"radiological",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"collections",
"at",
"all",
"levels",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"negative",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"After",
"6",
"weeks",
"on",
"high-dose",
"cloxacillin",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"switched",
"to",
"oral",
"levofloxacin",
".",
"During",
"her",
"evolution",
",",
"pain",
"of",
"mechanical",
"characteristics",
"reappeared",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hip",
",",
"and",
"an",
"MRI",
"was",
"requested",
"of",
"this",
"area",
",",
"showing",
"degenerative",
"changes",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"coxo-femoral",
"joint",
",",
"with",
"moderate",
"synovial",
"effusion",
"and",
"oedema",
"in",
"the",
"iliac",
"psoas",
"and",
"obturator",
"externus",
"and",
"left",
"gluteus",
"minimus",
".",
"In",
"addition",
"to",
"probable",
"linear",
"infarction",
"in",
"the",
"proximal",
"third",
"of",
"the",
"femoral",
"diaphysis",
".",
"It",
"was",
"therefore",
"decided",
"to",
"prolong",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"for",
"a",
"further",
"4",
"weeks",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"levofloxacin",
".",
"One",
"month",
"after",
"finishing",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"implant",
"a",
"left",
"hip",
"THA",
",",
"which",
"was",
"performed",
"without",
"complications",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"currently",
"ambulatory",
"and",
"independent",
"in",
"his",
"daily",
"activities",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"-",
"Multiple",
"epidural",
"abscesses",
"(",
"cervical",
",",
"dorsal",
"and",
"lumbar",
")",
"due",
"to",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
".",
"-",
"Secondary",
"multiple",
"vertebral",
"osteomyelitis",
".",
"Bilateral",
"psoas",
"abscesses",
".",
"-",
"Severe",
"osteoarthritis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"coxo-femoral",
"joint",
".",
"-",
"Acute",
"tetraparesis",
"secondary",
"to",
"epidural",
"abscesses",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2727,
"end": 2731
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2899,
"end": 2925
},
{
"text": "Neisseria meningitidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3262,
"end": 3284
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2874,
"end": 2895
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3289,
"end": 3313
},
{
"text": "Treponema pallidum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3179,
"end": 3197
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3410,
"end": 3413
},
{
"text": "HSV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3360,
"end": 3365
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3367,
"end": 3370
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3405,
"end": 3408
},
{
"text": "arthropods",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3393,
"end": 3403
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2821,
"end": 2829
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3145,
"end": 3153
},
{
"text": "enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3347,
"end": 3358
},
{
"text": "germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2856,
"end": 2861
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5826,
"end": 5829
},
{
"text": "hepatitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5815,
"end": 5824
},
{
"text": "herpes virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5841,
"end": 5853
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5858,
"end": 5866
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5848,
"end": 5853
},
{
"text": "Staphyloccocus aureus MS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5697,
"end": 5721
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6510,
"end": 6517
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7194,
"end": 7201
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7352,
"end": 7373
}
] | en |
A 70-year-old man with a feeling of "painful tightness" in the muscles of the face and neck and difficulty swallowing food. He is hypertensive undergoing treatment, has undergone surgery for bilateral inguinal hernia and is an ex-smoker. BP 183/104, temperature 35.8, heart rate 107, oxygen saturation 97%. He is conscious, oriented, regular general condition and profuse sweating. Meningeal negative. No rash or petechiae. Oropharyngeal cavity is normal, cranial nerves normal. Cervical stiffness, pain in the cervical spinous processes and contracture of the paravertebral musculature. Cardiac auscultation is rhythmic at 96 bpm, pulmonary auscultation preserves the murmur. The abdomen is soft, depressible, non-painful. In the lower extremities there was a 4 x 3 cm wound with necrotic edges in the left pretibial area. We asked the patient about the wound: he had sustained it eight days earlier with a motorbike.
He went to his PAC for treatment, suturing (eight stitches) and administration of tetanus vaccine (he had been vaccinated for eight years). No gamma-globulin was administered. Three days before coming to our department, he had been treated by his doctor, who prescribed amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 875/125 and ibuprofen. Additional tests were requested and symptomatic treatment was prescribed to cover possible meningitis or tetanus, in addition to the wound infection: Ketorolac. Pantoprazole. Cefotaxime 2 g and vancomycin 1 g. Dexamethasone 8 mg. Diazepam 5 mg. Anti-tetanus gamma globulin. Doxycycline 100 mg, and metronidazole 500 mg. Oxygen by glasses at 2 lpm. Wound dressing with H2O2. Complementary tests: CBC N, except for 15,550 leukocytes with neutrophilia (90.4%). Biochemistry N, except CK 555, CKmb 7, 4, myoglobin 794,4. CRP 5. Calcium 7.8. Coagulation normal. Venous gases: pH 7.41, PCO2 37, lactate 1.1, bicarbonate 23.5. Chest X-ray: no findings. ECG: RS at 75 bpm, QRS axis at 0o, without alterations. Surgical assessment: the wound was debrided, a sample was taken for culture, and the wound was treated with argentic sulphadiazine. The patient seemed to improve with the treatment, but after a few hours he had more tension in the muscles of the face and neck, with difficulty swallowing saliva. The intensivist was alerted, with suspicion of tetanus (necrotic wound and facial trismus). He was assessed by intensive medicine and admitted with the diagnosis: "subacute tetanus". He was admitted with acceptable general condition, but began repeated hypertonic crises with stimuli + respiratory failure, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. The patient was treated with: Baclofen. Metronidazole and cefotaxime. (Wound culture negative). Fluconazole (C. Glabrata in urine). Heparin, then acenocoumarol (venous thrombosis in the left leg). Continued tetanus vaccination (2nd dose). Survived, after thirteen days in ICU and one month on the internal medicine ward.
| [
"A",
"70-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"\"",
"painful",
"tightness",
"\"",
"in",
"the",
"muscles",
"of",
"the",
"face",
"and",
"neck",
"and",
"difficulty",
"swallowing",
"food",
".",
"He",
"is",
"hypertensive",
"undergoing",
"treatment",
",",
"has",
"undergone",
"surgery",
"for",
"bilateral",
"inguinal",
"hernia",
"and",
"is",
"an",
"ex-smoker",
".",
"BP",
"183",
"/",
"104",
",",
"temperature",
"35",
".",
"8",
",",
"heart",
"rate",
"107",
",",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"97",
"%",
".",
"He",
"is",
"conscious",
",",
"oriented",
",",
"regular",
"general",
"condition",
"and",
"profuse",
"sweating",
".",
"Meningeal",
"negative",
".",
"No",
"rash",
"or",
"petechiae",
".",
"Oropharyngeal",
"cavity",
"is",
"normal",
",",
"cranial",
"nerves",
"normal",
".",
"Cervical",
"stiffness",
",",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"cervical",
"spinous",
"processes",
"and",
"contracture",
"of",
"the",
"paravertebral",
"musculature",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
"is",
"rhythmic",
"at",
"96",
"bpm",
",",
"pulmonary",
"auscultation",
"preserves",
"the",
"murmur",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"is",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"non-painful",
".",
"In",
"the",
"lower",
"extremities",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"4",
"x",
"3",
"cm",
"wound",
"with",
"necrotic",
"edges",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"pretibial",
"area",
".",
"We",
"asked",
"the",
"patient",
"about",
"the",
"wound",
":",
"he",
"had",
"sustained",
"it",
"eight",
"days",
"earlier",
"with",
"a",
"motorbike",
".",
"He",
"went",
"to",
"his",
"PAC",
"for",
"treatment",
",",
"suturing",
"(",
"eight",
"stitches",
")",
"and",
"administration",
"of",
"tetanus",
"vaccine",
"(",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"vaccinated",
"for",
"eight",
"years",
")",
".",
"No",
"gamma-globulin",
"was",
"administered",
".",
"Three",
"days",
"before",
"coming",
"to",
"our",
"department",
",",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"by",
"his",
"doctor",
",",
"who",
"prescribed",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"875",
"/",
"125",
"and",
"ibuprofen",
".",
"Additional",
"tests",
"were",
"requested",
"and",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"was",
"prescribed",
"to",
"cover",
"possible",
"meningitis",
"or",
"tetanus",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"the",
"wound",
"infection",
":",
"Ketorolac",
".",
"Pantoprazole",
".",
"Cefotaxime",
"2",
"g",
"and",
"vancomycin",
"1",
"g",
".",
"Dexamethasone",
"8",
"mg",
".",
"Diazepam",
"5",
"mg",
".",
"Anti-tetanus",
"gamma",
"globulin",
".",
"Doxycycline",
"100",
"mg",
",",
"and",
"metronidazole",
"500",
"mg",
".",
"Oxygen",
"by",
"glasses",
"at",
"2",
"lpm",
".",
"Wound",
"dressing",
"with",
"H2O2",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
":",
"CBC",
"N",
",",
"except",
"for",
"15",
",",
"550",
"leukocytes",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
"(",
"90",
".",
"4",
"%",
")",
".",
"Biochemistry",
"N",
",",
"except",
"CK",
"555",
",",
"CKmb",
"7",
",",
"4",
",",
"myoglobin",
"794",
",",
"4",
".",
"CRP",
"5",
".",
"Calcium",
"7",
".",
"8",
".",
"Coagulation",
"normal",
".",
"Venous",
"gases",
":",
"pH",
"7",
".",
"41",
",",
"PCO2",
"37",
",",
"lactate",
"1",
".",
"1",
",",
"bicarbonate",
"23",
".",
"5",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"ECG",
":",
"RS",
"at",
"75",
"bpm",
",",
"QRS",
"axis",
"at",
"0o",
",",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Surgical",
"assessment",
":",
"the",
"wound",
"was",
"debrided",
",",
"a",
"sample",
"was",
"taken",
"for",
"culture",
",",
"and",
"the",
"wound",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"argentic",
"sulphadiazine",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"seemed",
"to",
"improve",
"with",
"the",
"treatment",
",",
"but",
"after",
"a",
"few",
"hours",
"he",
"had",
"more",
"tension",
"in",
"the",
"muscles",
"of",
"the",
"face",
"and",
"neck",
",",
"with",
"difficulty",
"swallowing",
"saliva",
".",
"The",
"intensivist",
"was",
"alerted",
",",
"with",
"suspicion",
"of",
"tetanus",
"(",
"necrotic",
"wound",
"and",
"facial",
"trismus",
")",
".",
"He",
"was",
"assessed",
"by",
"intensive",
"medicine",
"and",
"admitted",
"with",
"the",
"diagnosis",
":",
"\"",
"subacute",
"tetanus",
"\"",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"acceptable",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"but",
"began",
"repeated",
"hypertonic",
"crises",
"with",
"stimuli",
"+",
"respiratory",
"failure",
",",
"requiring",
"intubation",
"and",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
":",
"Baclofen",
".",
"Metronidazole",
"and",
"cefotaxime",
".",
"(",
"Wound",
"culture",
"negative",
")",
".",
"Fluconazole",
"(",
"C",
".",
"Glabrata",
"in",
"urine",
")",
".",
"Heparin",
",",
"then",
"acenocoumarol",
"(",
"venous",
"thrombosis",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"leg",
")",
".",
"Continued",
"tetanus",
"vaccination",
"(",
"2nd",
"dose",
")",
".",
"Survived",
",",
"after",
"thirteen",
"days",
"in",
"ICU",
"and",
"one",
"month",
"on",
"the",
"internal",
"medicine",
"ward",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 837,
"end": 844
},
{
"text": "doctor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1166,
"end": 1172
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2078,
"end": 2085
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2598,
"end": 2605
},
{
"text": "tetanus vaccination",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2801,
"end": 2820
},
{
"text": "vaccinated",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1030,
"end": 1040
},
{
"text": "tetanus vaccine",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1001,
"end": 1016
},
{
"text": "intensivist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2242,
"end": 2253
},
{
"text": "C. Glabrata",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2703,
"end": 2714
}
] | en |
We present the case of a 74-year-old Caucasian woman, without CVRF, toxic habits or allergies, with only history of bladder neoplasia in situ operated by TUR, and under study since 2012 for thickening of the right ureter due to a possible tumour aetiology (cytology repeatedly negative). She came to the emergency department for low back pain that had been evolving for weeks and was difficult to control despite opiates, with no neurological symptoms. On examination, contraction and sphincter control as well as rectal sensitivity were preserved; at the global motor level 5/5 without loss of strength in both extremities; global sensitivity remained intact; and the cutaneous-plantar flexor reflexes, and the patellar and Achilles osteotendinous reflexes were also intact. Initially, the haemogram showed Hb 11.8 g/dl, without leukocytosis or platelet alteration; and the biochemistry showed C-reactive protein (CRP) 60.9 mg/l and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 523U/l. It was decided to admit the patient for study and treatment of pain.
Differential diagnosis
Among the differential diagnoses, diseases with inflammatory features of rickets, such as spondyloarthropathies and neoplasms (mainly metastases of pulmonary, bladder and colorectal primaries) should be taken into account. As for the possible tumoural origin, no tumour was found in the CT scans previously performed at another level that could suggest a metastatic origin, and bladder neoplasia in situ was never confirmed. Likewise, the fact that in metastases it is common to find an increase in alkaline phosphatase and hypercalcaemia and that our patient's blood tests did not show these alterations, would rule out a tumour diagnosis.
Another differential diagnosis would be pyogenic infections, the incidence of which is higher than that of tuberculosis, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most frequent causative agent, and to a lesser extent, gram-negative bacilli.
On the other hand, brucellar spondylitis should be ruled out since, after sacroiliitis, it is the most frequent osteoarticular location. Likewise, although very rare, fungal aetiology (Candida albicans) should also be assessed, although this is usually found in immunosuppressed patients undergoing broad-spectrum antibiotherapy and in parenteral drug users, which was not the case in our patient. Finally, multiple myeloma was ruled out in this patient due to the absence of a monoclonal component in the proteinogram (<1% of non-producing multiple myelomas).
Evolution
The patient was admitted for further investigation and a CT scan revealed findings compatible with subacute spondylodiscitis with involvement of the L2-L3 vertebral bodies; less likely metastatic involvement; the possibility of tuberculosis was assessed according to the clinical manifestations and aetiology. A bone scan was also requested, showing hyperfixation at this level, with a subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showing findings compatible with an infectious inflammatory process of the L2-L3 disc with the formation of a small prevertebral abscess and another dorsal abscess (approximately 1cm) and evidence of osteomyelitis of the L2-L3 bodies.
Laboratory tests showed a haemogram with Hb 10.7g/dl, ESR 89 mm/h, no leukocytes or platelet abnormalities; in coagulation, fibrinogen 518 mg/dl; biochemistry CRP 75.9 mg/l, with normal ions, normal renal function; normal bilirubin, GOT, GPT, gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase; albumin 3.4; and tumour markers without alterations. Urinalysis showed intense pyuria (1,219 leucocytes/mcl), with negative urine cultures. Mantoux test and Brucella serology were negative, as was a chest X-ray with no significant findings. A CT-guided biopsy was necessary, with negative bacterial cultures and negative smears, at the expense of the culture result in Lowënstein's medium.
In the urological tomography (Uro-CT), there were findings of progression of the lesions in the renal pelvis and right ureter where associated inflammatory changes and right renal cortical atrophy secondary to obstructive lesion at the level of the right ureteral meatus could be seen. In addition to the persistence of the clinical manifestations, acute phase reactants (APR) increased, and symptoms related to radicular compromise (obliteration of foramina at L3 level), so it was decided to start empirical antibiotherapy with Ceftriaxone, Cloxacillin and Rifampicin. The initial evolution was favourable, with a decrease in AFR, but after the first week of treatment, these stabilised and the improvement stopped. A bone biopsy result was obtained, which was reported as inflammatory, showing some Langhans cells. With the suspicion of tuberculous origin, given the lack of complete clinical response, and that of radicular involvement, decompression and surgical release of the lumbar roots was required, with new samples taken for microbiology. After the operation, tuberculostatic treatment was started with Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Levofloxacin. The patient recovered function, ambulation and the disappearance of neuropathic pain, and was discharged with empirical tuberculostatic and anti-staphylococcal treatment. On examination, the results of the Lowenstein test were received, where M. tuberculosis had grown, confirming the diagnosis of suspected L2-L3 spondylodiscitis due to M. tuberculosis.
Final diagnosis
Spondylodiscitis L2-L3 due to M. tuberculosis. Urogenital tuberculosis.
| [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"74-year-old",
"Caucasian",
"woman",
",",
"without",
"CVRF",
",",
"toxic",
"habits",
"or",
"allergies",
",",
"with",
"only",
"history",
"of",
"bladder",
"neoplasia",
"in",
"situ",
"operated",
"by",
"TUR",
",",
"and",
"under",
"study",
"since",
"2012",
"for",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"ureter",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"possible",
"tumour",
"aetiology",
"(",
"cytology",
"repeatedly",
"negative",
")",
".",
"She",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"low",
"back",
"pain",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"evolving",
"for",
"weeks",
"and",
"was",
"difficult",
"to",
"control",
"despite",
"opiates",
",",
"with",
"no",
"neurological",
"symptoms",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"contraction",
"and",
"sphincter",
"control",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"rectal",
"sensitivity",
"were",
"preserved",
";",
"at",
"the",
"global",
"motor",
"level",
"5",
"/",
"5",
"without",
"loss",
"of",
"strength",
"in",
"both",
"extremities",
";",
"global",
"sensitivity",
"remained",
"intact",
";",
"and",
"the",
"cutaneous-plantar",
"flexor",
"reflexes",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patellar",
"and",
"Achilles",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
"were",
"also",
"intact",
".",
"Initially",
",",
"the",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"Hb",
"11",
".",
"8",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"without",
"leukocytosis",
"or",
"platelet",
"alteration",
";",
"and",
"the",
"biochemistry",
"showed",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"CRP",
")",
"60",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
"and",
"lactate",
"dehydrogenase",
"(",
"LDH",
")",
"523U",
"/",
"l",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"the",
"patient",
"for",
"study",
"and",
"treatment",
"of",
"pain",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"Among",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnoses",
",",
"diseases",
"with",
"inflammatory",
"features",
"of",
"rickets",
",",
"such",
"as",
"spondyloarthropathies",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"(",
"mainly",
"metastases",
"of",
"pulmonary",
",",
"bladder",
"and",
"colorectal",
"primaries",
")",
"should",
"be",
"taken",
"into",
"account",
".",
"As",
"for",
"the",
"possible",
"tumoural",
"origin",
",",
"no",
"tumour",
"was",
"found",
"in",
"the",
"CT",
"scans",
"previously",
"performed",
"at",
"another",
"level",
"that",
"could",
"suggest",
"a",
"metastatic",
"origin",
",",
"and",
"bladder",
"neoplasia",
"in",
"situ",
"was",
"never",
"confirmed",
".",
"Likewise",
",",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"in",
"metastases",
"it",
"is",
"common",
"to",
"find",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"alkaline",
"phosphatase",
"and",
"hypercalcaemia",
"and",
"that",
"our",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"blood",
"tests",
"did",
"not",
"show",
"these",
"alterations",
",",
"would",
"rule",
"out",
"a",
"tumour",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Another",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"would",
"be",
"pyogenic",
"infections",
",",
"the",
"incidence",
"of",
"which",
"is",
"higher",
"than",
"that",
"of",
"tuberculosis",
",",
"with",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"being",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"causative",
"agent",
",",
"and",
"to",
"a",
"lesser",
"extent",
",",
"gram-negative",
"bacilli",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"brucellar",
"spondylitis",
"should",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"since",
",",
"after",
"sacroiliitis",
",",
"it",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"osteoarticular",
"location",
".",
"Likewise",
",",
"although",
"very",
"rare",
",",
"fungal",
"aetiology",
"(",
"Candida",
"albicans",
")",
"should",
"also",
"be",
"assessed",
",",
"although",
"this",
"is",
"usually",
"found",
"in",
"immunosuppressed",
"patients",
"undergoing",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotherapy",
"and",
"in",
"parenteral",
"drug",
"users",
",",
"which",
"was",
"not",
"the",
"case",
"in",
"our",
"patient",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"multiple",
"myeloma",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"this",
"patient",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"a",
"monoclonal",
"component",
"in",
"the",
"proteinogram",
"(",
"<",
"1",
"%",
"of",
"non-producing",
"multiple",
"myelomas",
")",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"further",
"investigation",
"and",
"a",
"CT",
"scan",
"revealed",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"subacute",
"spondylodiscitis",
"with",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"L2-L3",
"vertebral",
"bodies",
";",
"less",
"likely",
"metastatic",
"involvement",
";",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"tuberculosis",
"was",
"assessed",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"and",
"aetiology",
".",
"A",
"bone",
"scan",
"was",
"also",
"requested",
",",
"showing",
"hyperfixation",
"at",
"this",
"level",
",",
"with",
"a",
"subsequent",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"of",
"the",
"spine",
"showing",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"an",
"infectious",
"inflammatory",
"process",
"of",
"the",
"L2-L3",
"disc",
"with",
"the",
"formation",
"of",
"a",
"small",
"prevertebral",
"abscess",
"and",
"another",
"dorsal",
"abscess",
"(",
"approximately",
"1cm",
")",
"and",
"evidence",
"of",
"osteomyelitis",
"of",
"the",
"L2-L3",
"bodies",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"a",
"haemogram",
"with",
"Hb",
"10",
".",
"7g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"ESR",
"89",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
",",
"no",
"leukocytes",
"or",
"platelet",
"abnormalities",
";",
"in",
"coagulation",
",",
"fibrinogen",
"518",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"biochemistry",
"CRP",
"75",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"ions",
",",
"normal",
"renal",
"function",
";",
"normal",
"bilirubin",
",",
"GOT",
",",
"GPT",
",",
"gamma-GT",
"and",
"alkaline",
"phosphatase",
";",
"albumin",
"3",
".",
"4",
";",
"and",
"tumour",
"markers",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Urinalysis",
"showed",
"intense",
"pyuria",
"(",
"1",
",",
"219",
"leucocytes",
"/",
"mcl",
")",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"urine",
"cultures",
".",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"and",
"Brucella",
"serology",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"as",
"was",
"a",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"with",
"no",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"A",
"CT-guided",
"biopsy",
"was",
"necessary",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"bacterial",
"cultures",
"and",
"negative",
"smears",
",",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"the",
"culture",
"result",
"in",
"Lowënstein",
"'",
"s",
"medium",
".",
"In",
"the",
"urological",
"tomography",
"(",
"Uro-CT",
")",
",",
"there",
"were",
"findings",
"of",
"progression",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"renal",
"pelvis",
"and",
"right",
"ureter",
"where",
"associated",
"inflammatory",
"changes",
"and",
"right",
"renal",
"cortical",
"atrophy",
"secondary",
"to",
"obstructive",
"lesion",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"ureteral",
"meatus",
"could",
"be",
"seen",
".",
"In",
"addition",
"to",
"the",
"persistence",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
",",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"(",
"APR",
")",
"increased",
",",
"and",
"symptoms",
"related",
"to",
"radicular",
"compromise",
"(",
"obliteration",
"of",
"foramina",
"at",
"L3",
"level",
")",
",",
"so",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"empirical",
"antibiotherapy",
"with",
"Ceftriaxone",
",",
"Cloxacillin",
"and",
"Rifampicin",
".",
"The",
"initial",
"evolution",
"was",
"favourable",
",",
"with",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"AFR",
",",
"but",
"after",
"the",
"first",
"week",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"these",
"stabilised",
"and",
"the",
"improvement",
"stopped",
".",
"A",
"bone",
"biopsy",
"result",
"was",
"obtained",
",",
"which",
"was",
"reported",
"as",
"inflammatory",
",",
"showing",
"some",
"Langhans",
"cells",
".",
"With",
"the",
"suspicion",
"of",
"tuberculous",
"origin",
",",
"given",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"complete",
"clinical",
"response",
",",
"and",
"that",
"of",
"radicular",
"involvement",
",",
"decompression",
"and",
"surgical",
"release",
"of",
"the",
"lumbar",
"roots",
"was",
"required",
",",
"with",
"new",
"samples",
"taken",
"for",
"microbiology",
".",
"After",
"the",
"operation",
",",
"tuberculostatic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"Isoniazid",
",",
"Rifampicin",
",",
"Pyrazinamide",
"and",
"Levofloxacin",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"recovered",
"function",
",",
"ambulation",
"and",
"the",
"disappearance",
"of",
"neuropathic",
"pain",
",",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"empirical",
"tuberculostatic",
"and",
"anti-staphylococcal",
"treatment",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"Lowenstein",
"test",
"were",
"received",
",",
"where",
"M",
".",
"tuberculosis",
"had",
"grown",
",",
"confirming",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"suspected",
"L2-L3",
"spondylodiscitis",
"due",
"to",
"M",
".",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Spondylodiscitis",
"L2-L3",
"due",
"to",
"M",
".",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"Urogenital",
"tuberculosis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 47,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 998,
"end": 1005
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1615,
"end": 1622
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1831,
"end": 1852
},
{
"text": "gram-negative bacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1918,
"end": 1939
},
{
"text": "Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2127,
"end": 2143
},
{
"text": "fungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2109,
"end": 2115
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2331,
"end": 2338
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2388,
"end": 2395
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2221,
"end": 2229
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2518,
"end": 2525
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3759,
"end": 3768
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3627,
"end": 3635
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5033,
"end": 5040
},
{
"text": "tuberculostatic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4932,
"end": 4947
},
{
"text": "tuberculostatic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5149,
"end": 5164
},
{
"text": "M. tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5272,
"end": 5287
},
{
"text": "M. tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5367,
"end": 5382
},
{
"text": "M. tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5431,
"end": 5446
}
] | en |
Personal History: 36-year-old male. Usual good health. No drug allergies. No usual treatment. Smoker 10 packs/year. Light drinker. Married and an electronics retailer.
Anamnesis: In November 2014, he began with a fever of 38o, no cough, no expectoration, so he went to the Emergency Department and a chest X-ray was performed, which revealed a mass in the right upper lobe (LSD) of the lung.
Physical examination
ECOG 0. Anodyne.
Complementary tests
CBC (15-12-16): CEA 23.1, CA 19.9 199, HIV negative. CT (computed tomography) Chest-abdomen-pelvis (15-12-14): Mass in LSD of 49 mm. Mediastinal right paratracheal, ipsilateral hilar and subcarinal mediastinal adenopathies (10mm). Simple hepatic cysts segments V, VI, VII. Bronchoscopy (16-12-14): Normal. Bronchoaspirate and brushing: Negative CT-guided BAG of LSD mass (22-12-14): Lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR native, ALK translocated by IHC and FISH. PET CT (Positron Emission Tomography) (29-12-14): LSD mass of 3.4x4.6x3.3 cm with SUV 16.32. Right high mediastinal adenopathy 8 mm. SUV 5.15 Prevascular adenopathy 7 mm. SUV 3.05.
High right paratracheal adenopathy 8 mm SUV 4.86, low right paratracheal adenopathy 10 mm SUV 8.01, right hilar adenopathy SUV 5.34. In hepatic segments IV-V hyperactive images with SUV 3.06 and 3.09.
Abdominal ultrasound (02-01-15): Simple hepatic cysts in segments 5 and 6.
Hepatic MRI (07-01-15): Hepatic cysts segments V, VI, VII, VIII.
Echobronchoscopy (12-01-15): adenopathy less than 1 cm in levels 2R with negative puncture, adenopathy 4R positive for adenocarcinoma.
Cranial CT scan (29-01-15): Normal.
Diagnosis
On 26-01-15 he was referred to our service, with a diagnosis of LSD lung adenocarcinoma, T2a-N2-(ipsilateral hilar and mediastinal), M0 Stage III-A. Native EGFR, translocated ALK.
Treatment
We started treatment with CRIZOTINIB 250 mg every 12 hours continuously.
Evolution
After 1 month of treatment, a re-evaluation CT scan was performed (04-03-15) showing a reduction of the LSD mass in the partial response range, complete response of the right paratracheal lymphadenopathy and partial response of the right hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathy. Side effects were visual disturbances in the form of aura, predominantly in the evening. After 2.5 months of treatment with CRIZOTINIB, a PET CT scan was performed (13-04-15): a complete metabolic response of mediastinal and hilar adenopathies with partial response of the tumour was observed. In view of this response, the patient was referred to the Thoracic Surgery Department in Salamanca for surgical assessment following mediastinoscopy. On 28-04-15 mediastinoscopy of levels 4L, 4R and 7 was performed: Negative. On 19-05-15 LSD lobectomy and lymphadenectomy of 4R and 7 by videothoracoscopy: ypT1a (15 mm)- pN0-M0. Complementary radiotherapy is administered (Start 25-08-15/// End 30-09-15) DT 54 Gy in 27 fractions. Side effects: haemoptysis, odynophagia and G-1 dermitis. On 23-02-16 CT TAP was performed: no evidence of disease.
| [
"Personal",
"History",
":",
"36-year-old",
"male",
".",
"Usual",
"good",
"health",
".",
"No",
"drug",
"allergies",
".",
"No",
"usual",
"treatment",
".",
"Smoker",
"10",
"packs",
"/",
"year",
".",
"Light",
"drinker",
".",
"Married",
"and",
"an",
"electronics",
"retailer",
".",
"Anamnesis",
":",
"In",
"November",
"2014",
",",
"he",
"began",
"with",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"38o",
",",
"no",
"cough",
",",
"no",
"expectoration",
",",
"so",
"he",
"went",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"and",
"a",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"a",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"(",
"LSD",
")",
"of",
"the",
"lung",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"ECOG",
"0",
".",
"Anodyne",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"CBC",
"(",
"15-12-16",
")",
":",
"CEA",
"23",
".",
"1",
",",
"CA",
"19",
".",
"9",
"199",
",",
"HIV",
"negative",
".",
"CT",
"(",
"computed",
"tomography",
")",
"Chest-abdomen-pelvis",
"(",
"15-12-14",
")",
":",
"Mass",
"in",
"LSD",
"of",
"49",
"mm",
".",
"Mediastinal",
"right",
"paratracheal",
",",
"ipsilateral",
"hilar",
"and",
"subcarinal",
"mediastinal",
"adenopathies",
"(",
"10mm",
")",
".",
"Simple",
"hepatic",
"cysts",
"segments",
"V",
",",
"VI",
",",
"VII",
".",
"Bronchoscopy",
"(",
"16-12-14",
")",
":",
"Normal",
".",
"Bronchoaspirate",
"and",
"brushing",
":",
"Negative",
"CT-guided",
"BAG",
"of",
"LSD",
"mass",
"(",
"22-12-14",
")",
":",
"Lung",
"adenocarcinoma",
".",
"EGFR",
"native",
",",
"ALK",
"translocated",
"by",
"IHC",
"and",
"FISH",
".",
"PET",
"CT",
"(",
"Positron",
"Emission",
"Tomography",
")",
"(",
"29-12-14",
")",
":",
"LSD",
"mass",
"of",
"3",
".",
"4x4",
".",
"6x3",
".",
"3",
"cm",
"with",
"SUV",
"16",
".",
"32",
".",
"Right",
"high",
"mediastinal",
"adenopathy",
"8",
"mm",
".",
"SUV",
"5",
".",
"15",
"Prevascular",
"adenopathy",
"7",
"mm",
".",
"SUV",
"3",
".",
"05",
".",
"High",
"right",
"paratracheal",
"adenopathy",
"8",
"mm",
"SUV",
"4",
".",
"86",
",",
"low",
"right",
"paratracheal",
"adenopathy",
"10",
"mm",
"SUV",
"8",
".",
"01",
",",
"right",
"hilar",
"adenopathy",
"SUV",
"5",
".",
"34",
".",
"In",
"hepatic",
"segments",
"IV-V",
"hyperactive",
"images",
"with",
"SUV",
"3",
".",
"06",
"and",
"3",
".",
"09",
".",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"(",
"02-01-15",
")",
":",
"Simple",
"hepatic",
"cysts",
"in",
"segments",
"5",
"and",
"6",
".",
"Hepatic",
"MRI",
"(",
"07-01-15",
")",
":",
"Hepatic",
"cysts",
"segments",
"V",
",",
"VI",
",",
"VII",
",",
"VIII",
".",
"Echobronchoscopy",
"(",
"12-01-15",
")",
":",
"adenopathy",
"less",
"than",
"1",
"cm",
"in",
"levels",
"2R",
"with",
"negative",
"puncture",
",",
"adenopathy",
"4R",
"positive",
"for",
"adenocarcinoma",
".",
"Cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"(",
"29-01-15",
")",
":",
"Normal",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"On",
"26-01-15",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"our",
"service",
",",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"LSD",
"lung",
"adenocarcinoma",
",",
"T2a-N2",
"-",
"(",
"ipsilateral",
"hilar",
"and",
"mediastinal",
")",
",",
"M0",
"Stage",
"III-A",
".",
"Native",
"EGFR",
",",
"translocated",
"ALK",
".",
"Treatment",
"We",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"CRIZOTINIB",
"250",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"continuously",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"1",
"month",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"a",
"re-evaluation",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"(",
"04-03-15",
")",
"showing",
"a",
"reduction",
"of",
"the",
"LSD",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"partial",
"response",
"range",
",",
"complete",
"response",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"paratracheal",
"lymphadenopathy",
"and",
"partial",
"response",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hilar",
"and",
"subcarinal",
"lymphadenopathy",
".",
"Side",
"effects",
"were",
"visual",
"disturbances",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"aura",
",",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"evening",
".",
"After",
"2",
".",
"5",
"months",
"of",
"treatment",
"with",
"CRIZOTINIB",
",",
"a",
"PET",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"(",
"13-04-15",
")",
":",
"a",
"complete",
"metabolic",
"response",
"of",
"mediastinal",
"and",
"hilar",
"adenopathies",
"with",
"partial",
"response",
"of",
"the",
"tumour",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"this",
"response",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"Thoracic",
"Surgery",
"Department",
"in",
"Salamanca",
"for",
"surgical",
"assessment",
"following",
"mediastinoscopy",
".",
"On",
"28-04-15",
"mediastinoscopy",
"of",
"levels",
"4L",
",",
"4R",
"and",
"7",
"was",
"performed",
":",
"Negative",
".",
"On",
"19-05-15",
"LSD",
"lobectomy",
"and",
"lymphadenectomy",
"of",
"4R",
"and",
"7",
"by",
"videothoracoscopy",
":",
"ypT1a",
"(",
"15",
"mm",
")",
"-",
"pN0-M0",
".",
"Complementary",
"radiotherapy",
"is",
"administered",
"(",
"Start",
"25-08-15",
"/",
"/",
"/",
"End",
"30-09-15",
")",
"DT",
"54",
"Gy",
"in",
"27",
"fractions",
".",
"Side",
"effects",
":",
"haemoptysis",
",",
"odynophagia",
"and",
"G-1",
"dermitis",
".",
"On",
"23-02-16",
"CT",
"TAP",
"was",
"performed",
":",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"disease",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 30,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 492,
"end": 495
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2483,
"end": 2490
}
] | en |
An 8-year-old boy, diagnosed with food allergy to: fish, nuts, legumes, profilin and PR-10, who suffered anaphylaxis after a dinner of boiled cauliflower and ketchup. He had previously tolerated the foods he had dined on, only presenting oral allergy syndrome to raw tomato.
She initially presented with facial oedema, urticaria, dyspnoea with cough and lip cyanosis. The mother administered hydroxyzine and called the emergency medical service (EMS). Despite having an adrenaline auto-injector at home, and in view of the proximity of the EMS, she was advised not to take any further action.
On arrival of the EMS, after initial stabilisation, she presented sudden loss of consciousness with a generalised tonic-clonic seizure. Subsequently, and during transfer to the emergency department, he remained with decreased consciousness (Glasgow 9-10). In the ED, horizontal nystagmus, paresis of the VI pair, dysarthria and visual hallucinations were noted. Serum tryptase at 6-8 hours after anaphylaxis was 13.1 mcg/L, urine toxicity was negative and brain scan was normal. On discharge, neurological recovery was complete.
To complete the study: cofactors were ruled out, prick by prick to ketchup (5 mm), tomato in different forms (between 1 and 5 mm) and boiled cauliflower (6 mm). Basal tryptase 3.7 mcg/L; total IgE 590 IU/ml; specific IgE (k U/L): grapes 0.47, cauliflower 2.46.
| [
"An",
"8-year-old",
"boy",
",",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"food",
"allergy",
"to",
":",
"fish",
",",
"nuts",
",",
"legumes",
",",
"profilin",
"and",
"PR-10",
",",
"who",
"suffered",
"anaphylaxis",
"after",
"a",
"dinner",
"of",
"boiled",
"cauliflower",
"and",
"ketchup",
".",
"He",
"had",
"previously",
"tolerated",
"the",
"foods",
"he",
"had",
"dined",
"on",
",",
"only",
"presenting",
"oral",
"allergy",
"syndrome",
"to",
"raw",
"tomato",
".",
"She",
"initially",
"presented",
"with",
"facial",
"oedema",
",",
"urticaria",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"with",
"cough",
"and",
"lip",
"cyanosis",
".",
"The",
"mother",
"administered",
"hydroxyzine",
"and",
"called",
"the",
"emergency",
"medical",
"service",
"(",
"EMS",
")",
".",
"Despite",
"having",
"an",
"adrenaline",
"auto-injector",
"at",
"home",
",",
"and",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"proximity",
"of",
"the",
"EMS",
",",
"she",
"was",
"advised",
"not",
"to",
"take",
"any",
"further",
"action",
".",
"On",
"arrival",
"of",
"the",
"EMS",
",",
"after",
"initial",
"stabilisation",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"sudden",
"loss",
"of",
"consciousness",
"with",
"a",
"generalised",
"tonic-clonic",
"seizure",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"and",
"during",
"transfer",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"he",
"remained",
"with",
"decreased",
"consciousness",
"(",
"Glasgow",
"9-10",
")",
".",
"In",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"horizontal",
"nystagmus",
",",
"paresis",
"of",
"the",
"VI",
"pair",
",",
"dysarthria",
"and",
"visual",
"hallucinations",
"were",
"noted",
".",
"Serum",
"tryptase",
"at",
"6-8",
"hours",
"after",
"anaphylaxis",
"was",
"13",
".",
"1",
"mcg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"urine",
"toxicity",
"was",
"negative",
"and",
"brain",
"scan",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"On",
"discharge",
",",
"neurological",
"recovery",
"was",
"complete",
".",
"To",
"complete",
"the",
"study",
":",
"cofactors",
"were",
"ruled",
"out",
",",
"prick",
"by",
"prick",
"to",
"ketchup",
"(",
"5",
"mm",
")",
",",
"tomato",
"in",
"different",
"forms",
"(",
"between",
"1",
"and",
"5",
"mm",
")",
"and",
"boiled",
"cauliflower",
"(",
"6",
"mm",
")",
".",
"Basal",
"tryptase",
"3",
".",
"7",
"mcg",
"/",
"L",
";",
"total",
"IgE",
"590",
"IU",
"/",
"ml",
";",
"specific",
"IgE",
"(",
"k",
"U",
"/",
"L",
")",
":",
"grapes",
"0",
".",
"47",
",",
"cauliflower",
"2",
".",
"46",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "cauliflower",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 142,
"end": 153
},
{
"text": "fish",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 51,
"end": 55
},
{
"text": "tomato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 267,
"end": 273
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 373,
"end": 379
},
{
"text": "cauliflower",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1266,
"end": 1277
},
{
"text": "cauliflower",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1368,
"end": 1379
},
{
"text": "tomato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1208,
"end": 1214
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
74-year-old woman, with a personal history of multiple myeloma who had received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant 10 months previously, and had been treated with immunosuppressants (tacrolimus, mycophenolate and steroids) since approximately 15 days previously for graft-versus-host disease.
The patient was admitted to the Haematology Department for a 24-48 hour evolution of a general syndrome, tiredness, generalised muscular pain, nausea and vomiting which were related to an upper respiratory infection for which she had already been receiving antibiotic treatment with azithromycin for 7 days. Twenty-four hours after admission, a request was made to the Neurology Department for evaluation due to weakness in the right upper limb that progressed in a few hours to the development of brachial diplegia.
Physical examination
Eupneic, O2 saturation 97%. Blood pressure 125/89 mmHg. Heart rate 111 bpm. Pathological pulmonary auscultation with presence of rhonchi and scattered wheezing bilaterally, with the rest of the systemic examination being anodyne. The neurological examination revealed a conscious patient, with preserved higher functions. Speech is normal. No dysarthria. Ocular motility and confrontational campimetry are normal and there is no facial asymmetry. There is weakness at 1/5 at the level of cervical flexion. In the upper limbs there is plegia of the MSD and paresis at 0/5 distal and 2/5 proximal of the MSI. Muscle balance in MMII is normal. There were no significant alterations in the different sensory modalities (algesic, vibratory, arthrokinetic or fine tactile). There is an arreflexia in MMSS with osteotendinous reflexes present and symmetrical in MMII. The cutaneous-plantar reflex is flexor bilaterally.
Complementary tests
- Biochemistry, haemogram and coagulation: no findings of interest.
- Lumbar puncture: 21 leukocytes/mm3 (7% lymphocytes, 93% polymorphonuclear), proteinorrachy 42.6 mg/dl, normal glucorrachy.
- CSF culture and Gram: negative.
- Blood cultures: negative.
- Urine cultures: negative.
- Serum infectious serology: EBV, CMV, HSV, Mycoplasma IgG positive and IgM negative. Borrelia leptospira, lupus, measles, cryptococcus, adenovirus, Coxiella, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Influenza, Legionella, RSV negative.
- CSF virology: detection of Enterovirus 68 RNA by positive PCR. PCR detection of CMV, HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, HHV6, HHV7 negative.
- Serum Virology: PCR detection of Enterovirus positive. Detection of CMV, EBV, adenovirus, Rhinovirus, RSV, Influenza A and B, Parainfluenza, Metapneumovirus, Bocavirus negative.
- Cranial CT scan: no significant findings.
- MRI of the cervical spine (15 November): no signs of compression or invasion of the spinal canal. At the level of the cervical and thoracic spine, a linear hyperintense lesion is identified in T2-weighted sequences affecting the anterior horn of the spinal cord bilaterally. No pathological uptake is identified.
- Cranial MRI (19 December): there is an ill-defined hypersignal on the left margin of the pons, with no other evidence of parenchymal involvement or pathological contrast enhancement.
- Cervical MRI (19 December): an improvement of the lesions was observed in terms of extension, which was delimited between C3-C7. At this level, lesions are seen on the anterior aspect of the spinal cord affecting the anterior horn bilaterally. Cervical MRI in STIR sequence, axial and sagittal sections: hyperintensity affecting the anterior horn of the medulla.
- PESS: normal central and medullary conduction for somesthetic afferents of both median nerves with increased peripheral latency.
Diagnosis
Infectious myelitis secondary to Enterovirus 68 infection.
Treatment
Immunosuppressive treatment was started with steroids at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight and immunoglobulins, as well as antiviral and broad-spectrum antibiotics on initial suspicion of an infectious or parainfectious condition. Although vascular aetiology represented a less likely aetiopathogenic possibility, treatment with antiplatelet drugs was initiated.
Evolution
The patient continued to worsen clinically, presenting with dysphagia and dysphonia and requiring transfer to the ICU hours later for orotracheal intubation due to respiratory failure. During her stay in the ICU, the neurological deficit progressed to flaccid areflexic tetraplegia and she died one month later in relation to multiple systemic complications.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"74-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"multiple",
"myeloma",
"who",
"had",
"received",
"an",
"allogeneic",
"bone",
"marrow",
"transplant",
"10",
"months",
"previously",
",",
"and",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"immunosuppressants",
"(",
"tacrolimus",
",",
"mycophenolate",
"and",
"steroids",
")",
"since",
"approximately",
"15",
"days",
"previously",
"for",
"graft-versus-host",
"disease",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Haematology",
"Department",
"for",
"a",
"24-48",
"hour",
"evolution",
"of",
"a",
"general",
"syndrome",
",",
"tiredness",
",",
"generalised",
"muscular",
"pain",
",",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
"which",
"were",
"related",
"to",
"an",
"upper",
"respiratory",
"infection",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"had",
"already",
"been",
"receiving",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"azithromycin",
"for",
"7",
"days",
".",
"Twenty-four",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"a",
"request",
"was",
"made",
"to",
"the",
"Neurology",
"Department",
"for",
"evaluation",
"due",
"to",
"weakness",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"limb",
"that",
"progressed",
"in",
"a",
"few",
"hours",
"to",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"brachial",
"diplegia",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Eupneic",
",",
"O2",
"saturation",
"97",
"%",
".",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"125",
"/",
"89",
"mmHg",
".",
"Heart",
"rate",
"111",
"bpm",
".",
"Pathological",
"pulmonary",
"auscultation",
"with",
"presence",
"of",
"rhonchi",
"and",
"scattered",
"wheezing",
"bilaterally",
",",
"with",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"systemic",
"examination",
"being",
"anodyne",
".",
"The",
"neurological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"conscious",
"patient",
",",
"with",
"preserved",
"higher",
"functions",
".",
"Speech",
"is",
"normal",
".",
"No",
"dysarthria",
".",
"Ocular",
"motility",
"and",
"confrontational",
"campimetry",
"are",
"normal",
"and",
"there",
"is",
"no",
"facial",
"asymmetry",
".",
"There",
"is",
"weakness",
"at",
"1",
"/",
"5",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"cervical",
"flexion",
".",
"In",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
"there",
"is",
"plegia",
"of",
"the",
"MSD",
"and",
"paresis",
"at",
"0",
"/",
"5",
"distal",
"and",
"2",
"/",
"5",
"proximal",
"of",
"the",
"MSI",
".",
"Muscle",
"balance",
"in",
"MMII",
"is",
"normal",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"significant",
"alterations",
"in",
"the",
"different",
"sensory",
"modalities",
"(",
"algesic",
",",
"vibratory",
",",
"arthrokinetic",
"or",
"fine",
"tactile",
")",
".",
"There",
"is",
"an",
"arreflexia",
"in",
"MMSS",
"with",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
"present",
"and",
"symmetrical",
"in",
"MMII",
".",
"The",
"cutaneous-plantar",
"reflex",
"is",
"flexor",
"bilaterally",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Biochemistry",
",",
"haemogram",
"and",
"coagulation",
":",
"no",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"-",
"Lumbar",
"puncture",
":",
"21",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"7",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"93",
"%",
"polymorphonuclear",
")",
",",
"proteinorrachy",
"42",
".",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"normal",
"glucorrachy",
".",
"-",
"CSF",
"culture",
"and",
"Gram",
":",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Blood",
"cultures",
":",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Urine",
"cultures",
":",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Serum",
"infectious",
"serology",
":",
"EBV",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"HSV",
",",
"Mycoplasma",
"IgG",
"positive",
"and",
"IgM",
"negative",
".",
"Borrelia",
"leptospira",
",",
"lupus",
",",
"measles",
",",
"cryptococcus",
",",
"adenovirus",
",",
"Coxiella",
",",
"Chlamydophila",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Influenza",
",",
"Legionella",
",",
"RSV",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"CSF",
"virology",
":",
"detection",
"of",
"Enterovirus",
"68",
"RNA",
"by",
"positive",
"PCR",
".",
"PCR",
"detection",
"of",
"CMV",
",",
"HSV-1",
",",
"HSV-2",
",",
"VZV",
",",
"EBV",
",",
"HHV6",
",",
"HHV7",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Serum",
"Virology",
":",
"PCR",
"detection",
"of",
"Enterovirus",
"positive",
".",
"Detection",
"of",
"CMV",
",",
"EBV",
",",
"adenovirus",
",",
"Rhinovirus",
",",
"RSV",
",",
"Influenza",
"A",
"and",
"B",
",",
"Parainfluenza",
",",
"Metapneumovirus",
",",
"Bocavirus",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"no",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"-",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"cervical",
"spine",
"(",
"15",
"November",
")",
":",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"compression",
"or",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"spinal",
"canal",
".",
"At",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"cervical",
"and",
"thoracic",
"spine",
",",
"a",
"linear",
"hyperintense",
"lesion",
"is",
"identified",
"in",
"T2-weighted",
"sequences",
"affecting",
"the",
"anterior",
"horn",
"of",
"the",
"spinal",
"cord",
"bilaterally",
".",
"No",
"pathological",
"uptake",
"is",
"identified",
".",
"-",
"Cranial",
"MRI",
"(",
"19",
"December",
")",
":",
"there",
"is",
"an",
"ill-defined",
"hypersignal",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"margin",
"of",
"the",
"pons",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"evidence",
"of",
"parenchymal",
"involvement",
"or",
"pathological",
"contrast",
"enhancement",
".",
"-",
"Cervical",
"MRI",
"(",
"19",
"December",
")",
":",
"an",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"terms",
"of",
"extension",
",",
"which",
"was",
"delimited",
"between",
"C3-C7",
".",
"At",
"this",
"level",
",",
"lesions",
"are",
"seen",
"on",
"the",
"anterior",
"aspect",
"of",
"the",
"spinal",
"cord",
"affecting",
"the",
"anterior",
"horn",
"bilaterally",
".",
"Cervical",
"MRI",
"in",
"STIR",
"sequence",
",",
"axial",
"and",
"sagittal",
"sections",
":",
"hyperintensity",
"affecting",
"the",
"anterior",
"horn",
"of",
"the",
"medulla",
".",
"-",
"PESS",
":",
"normal",
"central",
"and",
"medullary",
"conduction",
"for",
"somesthetic",
"afferents",
"of",
"both",
"median",
"nerves",
"with",
"increased",
"peripheral",
"latency",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Infectious",
"myelitis",
"secondary",
"to",
"Enterovirus",
"68",
"infection",
".",
"Treatment",
"Immunosuppressive",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"steroids",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"1",
"g",
"/",
"kg",
"body",
"weight",
"and",
"immunoglobulins",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"antiviral",
"and",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotics",
"on",
"initial",
"suspicion",
"of",
"an",
"infectious",
"or",
"parainfectious",
"condition",
".",
"Although",
"vascular",
"aetiology",
"represented",
"a",
"less",
"likely",
"aetiopathogenic",
"possibility",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"antiplatelet",
"drugs",
"was",
"initiated",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"continued",
"to",
"worsen",
"clinically",
",",
"presenting",
"with",
"dysphagia",
"and",
"dysphonia",
"and",
"requiring",
"transfer",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"hours",
"later",
"for",
"orotracheal",
"intubation",
"due",
"to",
"respiratory",
"failure",
".",
"During",
"her",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"the",
"neurological",
"deficit",
"progressed",
"to",
"flaccid",
"areflexic",
"tetraplegia",
"and",
"she",
"died",
"one",
"month",
"later",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"multiple",
"systemic",
"complications",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "host",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 291,
"end": 295
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 36,
"end": 44
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 310,
"end": 317
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1125,
"end": 1132
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2148,
"end": 2156
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2096,
"end": 2099
},
{
"text": "Chlamydophila pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2221,
"end": 2245
},
{
"text": "Coxiella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2211,
"end": 2219
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2258,
"end": 2268
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2106,
"end": 2116
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2091,
"end": 2094
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2101,
"end": 2104
},
{
"text": "RSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2270,
"end": 2273
},
{
"text": "adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2199,
"end": 2209
},
{
"text": "cryptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2185,
"end": 2197
},
{
"text": "leptospira",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2157,
"end": 2167
},
{
"text": "measles",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2176,
"end": 2183
},
{
"text": "Influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2247,
"end": 2256
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2366,
"end": 2369
},
{
"text": "Enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2313,
"end": 2324
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2390,
"end": 2393
},
{
"text": "HHV6",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2395,
"end": 2399
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2371,
"end": 2374
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2378,
"end": 2381
},
{
"text": "HSV-1",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2371,
"end": 2376
},
{
"text": "HSV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2378,
"end": 2383
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2385,
"end": 2388
},
{
"text": "virology",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2290,
"end": 2298
},
{
"text": "Enterovirus 68",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2313,
"end": 2327
},
{
"text": "HHV7",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2401,
"end": 2405
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2486,
"end": 2489
},
{
"text": "Enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2451,
"end": 2462
},
{
"text": "Metapneumovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2559,
"end": 2574
},
{
"text": "Parainfluenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2544,
"end": 2557
},
{
"text": "Rhinovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2508,
"end": 2518
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2491,
"end": 2494
},
{
"text": "RSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2520,
"end": 2523
},
{
"text": "Virology",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2424,
"end": 2432
},
{
"text": "adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2496,
"end": 2506
},
{
"text": "Bocavirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2576,
"end": 2585
},
{
"text": "Influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2525,
"end": 2534
},
{
"text": "Influenza A",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2525,
"end": 2536
},
{
"text": "Influenza A and B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2525,
"end": 2542
},
{
"text": "Enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3680,
"end": 3691
},
{
"text": "Enterovirus 68",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3680,
"end": 3694
},
{
"text": "antiviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3835,
"end": 3844
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4090,
"end": 4097
}
] | en |
A 7-year-old boy, in foster care. Personal history: Becegeitis. At 3 years old treated for tuberculosis: axillary adenopathies and pulmonary granulomas with positive tuberculin. Recurrent skin infections and diarrhoea. Malnutrition. Dyspnoea on exertion.
Current weight loss of 3 kg, asthenia and diarrhoeic stools for the last 2 months. Cough and fever for the last 2 weeks. Complementary examinations: Chest X-ray and thoracoabdominal CT scan: patchy pulmonary consolidations with adenopathies in several lymph node chains, in periportal hepatic hilum and interaorto-caval area. Pulmonary function: moderate restrictive pattern. Initial suspicion of tuberculous reactivation led to tuberculostatic treatment. Lymph node biopsy: granulomatous inflammation with Langhans-type multinucleated cells and partially suppurative necrosis. BAAR and PCR Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, IGRA: negative. Immunological study: normal, except tetrazoyl blue test: pathological. Ileo-colonoscopy with biopsy: pancolitis. Genetic study detected a mutation in exon 2 of the CYBB gene on the short arm of the X chromosome (new mutation, not previously documented), leading to a diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
Current treatment: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole + Itraconazole + Mesalazine + Corticoids currently on a tapering regimen. Evolution: favourable.
| [
"A",
"7-year-old",
"boy",
",",
"in",
"foster",
"care",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"Becegeitis",
".",
"At",
"3",
"years",
"old",
"treated",
"for",
"tuberculosis",
":",
"axillary",
"adenopathies",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"granulomas",
"with",
"positive",
"tuberculin",
".",
"Recurrent",
"skin",
"infections",
"and",
"diarrhoea",
".",
"Malnutrition",
".",
"Dyspnoea",
"on",
"exertion",
".",
"Current",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"3",
"kg",
",",
"asthenia",
"and",
"diarrhoeic",
"stools",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"2",
"months",
".",
"Cough",
"and",
"fever",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"2",
"weeks",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
":",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"thoracoabdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"patchy",
"pulmonary",
"consolidations",
"with",
"adenopathies",
"in",
"several",
"lymph",
"node",
"chains",
",",
"in",
"periportal",
"hepatic",
"hilum",
"and",
"interaorto-caval",
"area",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"function",
":",
"moderate",
"restrictive",
"pattern",
".",
"Initial",
"suspicion",
"of",
"tuberculous",
"reactivation",
"led",
"to",
"tuberculostatic",
"treatment",
".",
"Lymph",
"node",
"biopsy",
":",
"granulomatous",
"inflammation",
"with",
"Langhans-type",
"multinucleated",
"cells",
"and",
"partially",
"suppurative",
"necrosis",
".",
"BAAR",
"and",
"PCR",
"Mycobacterium",
"Tuberculosis",
",",
"IGRA",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Immunological",
"study",
":",
"normal",
",",
"except",
"tetrazoyl",
"blue",
"test",
":",
"pathological",
".",
"Ileo-colonoscopy",
"with",
"biopsy",
":",
"pancolitis",
".",
"Genetic",
"study",
"detected",
"a",
"mutation",
"in",
"exon",
"2",
"of",
"the",
"CYBB",
"gene",
"on",
"the",
"short",
"arm",
"of",
"the",
"X",
"chromosome",
"(",
"new",
"mutation",
",",
"not",
"previously",
"documented",
")",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"chronic",
"granulomatous",
"disease",
"(",
"CGD",
")",
".",
"Current",
"treatment",
":",
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole",
"+",
"Itraconazole",
"+",
"Mesalazine",
"+",
"Corticoids",
"currently",
"on",
"a",
"tapering",
"regimen",
".",
"Evolution",
":",
"favourable",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 34,
"end": 42
},
{
"text": "tuberculin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 166,
"end": 176
},
{
"text": "Becegeitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 52,
"end": 62
},
{
"text": "BAAR",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 833,
"end": 837
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium Tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 846,
"end": 872
}
] | en |
A 29-year-old man, with a history of several attempts at autolysis, came to the emergency department with dizziness, blurred vision, liquid diarrhoea, nausea, sweating and trembling, 48 hours after having ingested an infusion of Nerium oleander.
Physical examination revealed a good general condition, afebrile, blood pressure 130/70 mmHg and heart rate 130 bpm. Cardiac auscultation showed sinus tachycardia. The electrocardiogram showed supraventricular tachycardia with negative T waves on the anterolateral side. Haemogram, platelets, coagulation and blood biochemistry were normal. Plasma digoxin levels were measured and the result was 0.67 ng/mL. The patient was admitted and, at the request of the pharmacy service, two more digoxin levels were performed 24 and 48 hours after admission, the results of which were 0.6 and 0.55 ng/mL, respectively. For these concentrations, an elimination half-life of 138.2 h was calculated, and a theoretical maximum plasma concentration of 0.85 ng/mL after intake of the oleander infusion. At discharge, four days after admission, the patient had had a daily soft stool for two days and a normal heart rhythm.
| [
"A",
"29-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"several",
"attempts",
"at",
"autolysis",
",",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"dizziness",
",",
"blurred",
"vision",
",",
"liquid",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"nausea",
",",
"sweating",
"and",
"trembling",
",",
"48",
"hours",
"after",
"having",
"ingested",
"an",
"infusion",
"of",
"Nerium",
"oleander",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"afebrile",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
"130",
"/",
"70",
"mmHg",
"and",
"heart",
"rate",
"130",
"bpm",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"sinus",
"tachycardia",
".",
"The",
"electrocardiogram",
"showed",
"supraventricular",
"tachycardia",
"with",
"negative",
"T",
"waves",
"on",
"the",
"anterolateral",
"side",
".",
"Haemogram",
",",
"platelets",
",",
"coagulation",
"and",
"blood",
"biochemistry",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Plasma",
"digoxin",
"levels",
"were",
"measured",
"and",
"the",
"result",
"was",
"0",
".",
"67",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"and",
",",
"at",
"the",
"request",
"of",
"the",
"pharmacy",
"service",
",",
"two",
"more",
"digoxin",
"levels",
"were",
"performed",
"24",
"and",
"48",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"0",
".",
"6",
"and",
"0",
".",
"55",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"For",
"these",
"concentrations",
",",
"an",
"elimination",
"half-life",
"of",
"138",
".",
"2",
"h",
"was",
"calculated",
",",
"and",
"a",
"theoretical",
"maximum",
"plasma",
"concentration",
"of",
"0",
".",
"85",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
"after",
"intake",
"of",
"the",
"oleander",
"infusion",
".",
"At",
"discharge",
",",
"four",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"had",
"a",
"daily",
"soft",
"stool",
"for",
"two",
"days",
"and",
"a",
"normal",
"heart",
"rhythm",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "oleander",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 236,
"end": 244
},
{
"text": "Nerium oleander",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 229,
"end": 244
},
{
"text": "oleander",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1015,
"end": 1023
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 658,
"end": 665
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1079,
"end": 1086
}
] | en |
An 89-year-old woman, with no known history, consulted for a 15-day history of fever of 39 degrees, asthenia, adynamia, urinary symptoms in the last week, medicated with ciprofloxacin 500mg every 12 hours until the day before hospitalisation, who, due to persistent thermal rises, went to the emergency room.
Physical examination findings: pale conjunctivae, tachycardic, rhythmic, normo-phonemic heart sounds, regurgitant murmur in mitral focus II/VI, non-radiated, with abdominal distention, fighting sounds, palpable mass of 4 x 4 cm in the left iliac fossa.
Laboratory on admission: leukocytes: 13,300mm3, neutrophils 77%, haemoglobin: 6.8mg/dl, haematocrit: 21.6mg/dl, ESR: 109MM, CRP: (++). Urine culture and blood cultures were performed, and a CT scan of the abdomen was requested, which revealed the presence of a bilobulated formation of apparent gynaecological origin, which to the left showed an image suggestive of a fistula with a loop of small intestine, with oral contrast substance inside the lesion. With a presumptive diagnosis of perforated tumour with intestinal fistula, the patient was taken to the operating theatre and antibiotic treatment was started, covering the abdominal focus.
As the patient continued to be febrile, together with positive blood culture results for Escherichia coli, an echocardiogram was requested, which revealed a rounded image measuring 1.5x0.8 millimetres that could correspond to vegetation, so treatment was started with ceftriaxone plus gentamicin, with good clinical evolution, and the patient was subsequently discharged.
| [
"An",
"89-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"history",
",",
"consulted",
"for",
"a",
"15-day",
"history",
"of",
"fever",
"of",
"39",
"degrees",
",",
"asthenia",
",",
"adynamia",
",",
"urinary",
"symptoms",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"week",
",",
"medicated",
"with",
"ciprofloxacin",
"500mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"until",
"the",
"day",
"before",
"hospitalisation",
",",
"who",
",",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"thermal",
"rises",
",",
"went",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"room",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"findings",
":",
"pale",
"conjunctivae",
",",
"tachycardic",
",",
"rhythmic",
",",
"normo-phonemic",
"heart",
"sounds",
",",
"regurgitant",
"murmur",
"in",
"mitral",
"focus",
"II",
"/",
"VI",
",",
"non-radiated",
",",
"with",
"abdominal",
"distention",
",",
"fighting",
"sounds",
",",
"palpable",
"mass",
"of",
"4",
"x",
"4",
"cm",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"iliac",
"fossa",
".",
"Laboratory",
"on",
"admission",
":",
"leukocytes",
":",
"13",
",",
"300mm3",
",",
"neutrophils",
"77",
"%",
",",
"haemoglobin",
":",
"6",
".",
"8mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"haematocrit",
":",
"21",
".",
"6mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"ESR",
":",
"109MM",
",",
"CRP",
":",
"(",
"+",
"+",
")",
".",
"Urine",
"culture",
"and",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"and",
"a",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"bilobulated",
"formation",
"of",
"apparent",
"gynaecological",
"origin",
",",
"which",
"to",
"the",
"left",
"showed",
"an",
"image",
"suggestive",
"of",
"a",
"fistula",
"with",
"a",
"loop",
"of",
"small",
"intestine",
",",
"with",
"oral",
"contrast",
"substance",
"inside",
"the",
"lesion",
".",
"With",
"a",
"presumptive",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"perforated",
"tumour",
"with",
"intestinal",
"fistula",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"taken",
"to",
"the",
"operating",
"theatre",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
",",
"covering",
"the",
"abdominal",
"focus",
".",
"As",
"the",
"patient",
"continued",
"to",
"be",
"febrile",
",",
"together",
"with",
"positive",
"blood",
"culture",
"results",
"for",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
",",
"an",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"a",
"rounded",
"image",
"measuring",
"1",
".",
"5x0",
".",
"8",
"millimetres",
"that",
"could",
"correspond",
"to",
"vegetation",
",",
"so",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"plus",
"gentamicin",
",",
"with",
"good",
"clinical",
"evolution",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"subsequently",
"discharged",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 20
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1098,
"end": 1105
},
{
"text": "Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1298,
"end": 1314
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1216,
"end": 1223
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1544,
"end": 1551
}
] | en |
A 20-year-old male patient was referred from the local hospital after presenting with a psychotic disorder of several days' evolution.
Family history
No psychiatric family history
Personal somatic history
There is no relevant organic history.
Personal history and toxic habits
No history of psychiatric symptoms during childhood or puberty. He is the second son of an upper-middle class family with good family relations. He has always been fond of sports, nature and animal care and has a good interpersonal relationship. At the age of 14, he started using joints with his group of friends. At first only at weekends, at the age of 16 he was using every day. At 17 and 18 years of age, he was consuming 4 to 5 joints a day on a daily basis and started to have problems with his studies. He had no perception of risk. He finished high school and started university studies, increasing his consumption up to 10 to 12 joints a day. At this point he started dealing hashish, selling it to his friends, his friends' friends and in this way he was able to maintain his consumption and the economic cost of it. During the two years he was at university he did not pass any subjects and little by little his appearance became more and more neglected, slow, with a tendency to disorder and neglect of hygiene, and above all he did nothing, he describes that he was "sick all day long". At home, the problems were increasing, because his parents could not understand this change in his behaviour, which he denied with constant lies, leading to a growing estrangement from his family environment with oppositional behaviour in relation to family rules. He decided to go to study away from his family and his city. A few months later his consumption was 15 joints a day and he no longer even tried to go to school. Little by little he begins to feel strange, with feelings of strangeness, very restless and with incoherent speech. He shows behavioural alterations, changing abruptly from calmness to restlessness and sleeps badly. His friends were frightened by his attitude and called his parents, who admitted him for 15 days. He is diagnosed with cannabis-induced psychotic disorder with delusional ideas. He was treated with antipsychotics and anxiolytics with a good response to treatment. After this admission, the patient had no awareness of illness and denied everything that had happened. He maintained that during his admission to the hospital there were people in other beds who watched him and informed his family. Nothing had happened to "him". A few months after this episode, he restarted using cannabis. His parents began to notice changes in his behaviour, consisting mainly of childishness and again neglect of personal hygiene and tidiness, he forgot everything and laughed for no reason, his consumption increased in less than two months, reaching 15 to 20 joints a day. Faced with family problems and an oppositional attitude towards his parents, he left home to go to another city with some friends. Two months later, he again had delirious experiences of self-reference and prejudice, and noticed that he was being talked about on television. He also noticed that his friends were talking about him and he had to be admitted to hospital again for a month with antipsychotic and anxiolytic medication, but the delirious experiences subsided after the third week of his admission and he was again diagnosed with a cannabis-induced psychotic disorder. After this second admission, he was referred to our department.
Psychopathological examination
He came to the clinic conscious and poorly self-oriented and allopsychically oriented. Approachable and cooperative. His attitude was adequate, although a bit puerile and suspicious. He had a relative awareness of illness. His appearance was adequate, clean and neat. He presented temporary cognitive deficits (he did not remember well how long he had been admitted, nor was he able to remember exactly what happened in the weeks prior to his admission, having a vague and confused idea), he found it difficult to attend during the interview. His mood was slightly anxious. He did not show psychotic productivity or alterations in the course or content of his thoughts. No self-referential delusions or delusions of harm. No insomnia or psychomotor restlessness. No self- or heteroaggressiveness. No ideas of death or structured autolytic ideation and/or planning.
Complementary examinations
Biochemistry and haemogram - normal Urine toxins - negative. In the personality study carried out (IPDE, DSM-IV), obsessive, avoidant and paranoid traits stood out fundamentally.
Diagnostic judgement Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (ICD 10: F12.5). Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder with delusional ideas of onset during intoxication DSM IV-TR: F12.51 (292.11)
Treatment
The patient was followed up and continued with the pharmacological treatment prescribed at hospital discharge with antipsychotics (amisulpride 200 mg) and anxiolytics (clonazepam 0.5mg). Individual psychotherapy was prescribed.
Evolution
Little by little, the patient slowly improved. He maintained total abstinence from THC, significantly increasing interpersonal and intrafamilial communication, managing to carry out future projects and gradually recovering his relationship with his family, especially with his parents, but being absolutely unable to carry out activities that had to do with memory and attention. He was unable to study, memorise anything, or even concentrate for a short period of time, but for a few months he agreed to attend training courses and went out of the house frequently. He got back in touch with non-consuming friends he had lost years ago and started a relationship with a girl. In this respect, the acceptance of his group of friends and the partner gave him security and allowed him to work with him on a change in his previous lifestyle and a mature attitude towards his life and his future. Nine months after this second episode, the patient was more stable and enrolled in specific animal care courses, which he had always enjoyed. His cognitive level had improved significantly and he had a very positive attitude towards his family and environment. He had no psychotic symptoms, no delusional ideation and had not been taking medication for three months. The urine toxicity tests that the family has continued to carry out on him up to the present time continue to be negative.
| [
"A",
"20-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"from",
"the",
"local",
"hospital",
"after",
"presenting",
"with",
"a",
"psychotic",
"disorder",
"of",
"several",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"Family",
"history",
"No",
"psychiatric",
"family",
"history",
"Personal",
"somatic",
"history",
"There",
"is",
"no",
"relevant",
"organic",
"history",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
"and",
"toxic",
"habits",
"No",
"history",
"of",
"psychiatric",
"symptoms",
"during",
"childhood",
"or",
"puberty",
".",
"He",
"is",
"the",
"second",
"son",
"of",
"an",
"upper-middle",
"class",
"family",
"with",
"good",
"family",
"relations",
".",
"He",
"has",
"always",
"been",
"fond",
"of",
"sports",
",",
"nature",
"and",
"animal",
"care",
"and",
"has",
"a",
"good",
"interpersonal",
"relationship",
".",
"At",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"14",
",",
"he",
"started",
"using",
"joints",
"with",
"his",
"group",
"of",
"friends",
".",
"At",
"first",
"only",
"at",
"weekends",
",",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"16",
"he",
"was",
"using",
"every",
"day",
".",
"At",
"17",
"and",
"18",
"years",
"of",
"age",
",",
"he",
"was",
"consuming",
"4",
"to",
"5",
"joints",
"a",
"day",
"on",
"a",
"daily",
"basis",
"and",
"started",
"to",
"have",
"problems",
"with",
"his",
"studies",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"perception",
"of",
"risk",
".",
"He",
"finished",
"high",
"school",
"and",
"started",
"university",
"studies",
",",
"increasing",
"his",
"consumption",
"up",
"to",
"10",
"to",
"12",
"joints",
"a",
"day",
".",
"At",
"this",
"point",
"he",
"started",
"dealing",
"hashish",
",",
"selling",
"it",
"to",
"his",
"friends",
",",
"his",
"friends",
"'",
"friends",
"and",
"in",
"this",
"way",
"he",
"was",
"able",
"to",
"maintain",
"his",
"consumption",
"and",
"the",
"economic",
"cost",
"of",
"it",
".",
"During",
"the",
"two",
"years",
"he",
"was",
"at",
"university",
"he",
"did",
"not",
"pass",
"any",
"subjects",
"and",
"little",
"by",
"little",
"his",
"appearance",
"became",
"more",
"and",
"more",
"neglected",
",",
"slow",
",",
"with",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"disorder",
"and",
"neglect",
"of",
"hygiene",
",",
"and",
"above",
"all",
"he",
"did",
"nothing",
",",
"he",
"describes",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"\"",
"sick",
"all",
"day",
"long",
"\"",
".",
"At",
"home",
",",
"the",
"problems",
"were",
"increasing",
",",
"because",
"his",
"parents",
"could",
"not",
"understand",
"this",
"change",
"in",
"his",
"behaviour",
",",
"which",
"he",
"denied",
"with",
"constant",
"lies",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"a",
"growing",
"estrangement",
"from",
"his",
"family",
"environment",
"with",
"oppositional",
"behaviour",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"family",
"rules",
".",
"He",
"decided",
"to",
"go",
"to",
"study",
"away",
"from",
"his",
"family",
"and",
"his",
"city",
".",
"A",
"few",
"months",
"later",
"his",
"consumption",
"was",
"15",
"joints",
"a",
"day",
"and",
"he",
"no",
"longer",
"even",
"tried",
"to",
"go",
"to",
"school",
".",
"Little",
"by",
"little",
"he",
"begins",
"to",
"feel",
"strange",
",",
"with",
"feelings",
"of",
"strangeness",
",",
"very",
"restless",
"and",
"with",
"incoherent",
"speech",
".",
"He",
"shows",
"behavioural",
"alterations",
",",
"changing",
"abruptly",
"from",
"calmness",
"to",
"restlessness",
"and",
"sleeps",
"badly",
".",
"His",
"friends",
"were",
"frightened",
"by",
"his",
"attitude",
"and",
"called",
"his",
"parents",
",",
"who",
"admitted",
"him",
"for",
"15",
"days",
".",
"He",
"is",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"cannabis-induced",
"psychotic",
"disorder",
"with",
"delusional",
"ideas",
".",
"He",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"antipsychotics",
"and",
"anxiolytics",
"with",
"a",
"good",
"response",
"to",
"treatment",
".",
"After",
"this",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"awareness",
"of",
"illness",
"and",
"denied",
"everything",
"that",
"had",
"happened",
".",
"He",
"maintained",
"that",
"during",
"his",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"hospital",
"there",
"were",
"people",
"in",
"other",
"beds",
"who",
"watched",
"him",
"and",
"informed",
"his",
"family",
".",
"Nothing",
"had",
"happened",
"to",
"\"",
"him",
"\"",
".",
"A",
"few",
"months",
"after",
"this",
"episode",
",",
"he",
"restarted",
"using",
"cannabis",
".",
"His",
"parents",
"began",
"to",
"notice",
"changes",
"in",
"his",
"behaviour",
",",
"consisting",
"mainly",
"of",
"childishness",
"and",
"again",
"neglect",
"of",
"personal",
"hygiene",
"and",
"tidiness",
",",
"he",
"forgot",
"everything",
"and",
"laughed",
"for",
"no",
"reason",
",",
"his",
"consumption",
"increased",
"in",
"less",
"than",
"two",
"months",
",",
"reaching",
"15",
"to",
"20",
"joints",
"a",
"day",
".",
"Faced",
"with",
"family",
"problems",
"and",
"an",
"oppositional",
"attitude",
"towards",
"his",
"parents",
",",
"he",
"left",
"home",
"to",
"go",
"to",
"another",
"city",
"with",
"some",
"friends",
".",
"Two",
"months",
"later",
",",
"he",
"again",
"had",
"delirious",
"experiences",
"of",
"self-reference",
"and",
"prejudice",
",",
"and",
"noticed",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"being",
"talked",
"about",
"on",
"television",
".",
"He",
"also",
"noticed",
"that",
"his",
"friends",
"were",
"talking",
"about",
"him",
"and",
"he",
"had",
"to",
"be",
"admitted",
"to",
"hospital",
"again",
"for",
"a",
"month",
"with",
"antipsychotic",
"and",
"anxiolytic",
"medication",
",",
"but",
"the",
"delirious",
"experiences",
"subsided",
"after",
"the",
"third",
"week",
"of",
"his",
"admission",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"again",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"a",
"cannabis-induced",
"psychotic",
"disorder",
".",
"After",
"this",
"second",
"admission",
",",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"our",
"department",
".",
"Psychopathological",
"examination",
"He",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"clinic",
"conscious",
"and",
"poorly",
"self-oriented",
"and",
"allopsychically",
"oriented",
".",
"Approachable",
"and",
"cooperative",
".",
"His",
"attitude",
"was",
"adequate",
",",
"although",
"a",
"bit",
"puerile",
"and",
"suspicious",
".",
"He",
"had",
"a",
"relative",
"awareness",
"of",
"illness",
".",
"His",
"appearance",
"was",
"adequate",
",",
"clean",
"and",
"neat",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"temporary",
"cognitive",
"deficits",
"(",
"he",
"did",
"not",
"remember",
"well",
"how",
"long",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"admitted",
",",
"nor",
"was",
"he",
"able",
"to",
"remember",
"exactly",
"what",
"happened",
"in",
"the",
"weeks",
"prior",
"to",
"his",
"admission",
",",
"having",
"a",
"vague",
"and",
"confused",
"idea",
")",
",",
"he",
"found",
"it",
"difficult",
"to",
"attend",
"during",
"the",
"interview",
".",
"His",
"mood",
"was",
"slightly",
"anxious",
".",
"He",
"did",
"not",
"show",
"psychotic",
"productivity",
"or",
"alterations",
"in",
"the",
"course",
"or",
"content",
"of",
"his",
"thoughts",
".",
"No",
"self-referential",
"delusions",
"or",
"delusions",
"of",
"harm",
".",
"No",
"insomnia",
"or",
"psychomotor",
"restlessness",
".",
"No",
"self",
"-",
"or",
"heteroaggressiveness",
".",
"No",
"ideas",
"of",
"death",
"or",
"structured",
"autolytic",
"ideation",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"planning",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"Biochemistry",
"and",
"haemogram",
"-",
"normal",
"Urine",
"toxins",
"-",
"negative",
".",
"In",
"the",
"personality",
"study",
"carried",
"out",
"(",
"IPDE",
",",
"DSM-IV",
")",
",",
"obsessive",
",",
"avoidant",
"and",
"paranoid",
"traits",
"stood",
"out",
"fundamentally",
".",
"Diagnostic",
"judgement",
"Cannabis-induced",
"psychotic",
"disorder",
"(",
"ICD",
"10",
":",
"F12",
".",
"5",
")",
".",
"Cannabis-induced",
"psychotic",
"disorder",
"with",
"delusional",
"ideas",
"of",
"onset",
"during",
"intoxication",
"DSM",
"IV-TR",
":",
"F12",
".",
"51",
"(",
"292",
".",
"11",
")",
"Treatment",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"followed",
"up",
"and",
"continued",
"with",
"the",
"pharmacological",
"treatment",
"prescribed",
"at",
"hospital",
"discharge",
"with",
"antipsychotics",
"(",
"amisulpride",
"200",
"mg",
")",
"and",
"anxiolytics",
"(",
"clonazepam",
"0",
".",
"5mg",
")",
".",
"Individual",
"psychotherapy",
"was",
"prescribed",
".",
"Evolution",
"Little",
"by",
"little",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"slowly",
"improved",
".",
"He",
"maintained",
"total",
"abstinence",
"from",
"THC",
",",
"significantly",
"increasing",
"interpersonal",
"and",
"intrafamilial",
"communication",
",",
"managing",
"to",
"carry",
"out",
"future",
"projects",
"and",
"gradually",
"recovering",
"his",
"relationship",
"with",
"his",
"family",
",",
"especially",
"with",
"his",
"parents",
",",
"but",
"being",
"absolutely",
"unable",
"to",
"carry",
"out",
"activities",
"that",
"had",
"to",
"do",
"with",
"memory",
"and",
"attention",
".",
"He",
"was",
"unable",
"to",
"study",
",",
"memorise",
"anything",
",",
"or",
"even",
"concentrate",
"for",
"a",
"short",
"period",
"of",
"time",
",",
"but",
"for",
"a",
"few",
"months",
"he",
"agreed",
"to",
"attend",
"training",
"courses",
"and",
"went",
"out",
"of",
"the",
"house",
"frequently",
".",
"He",
"got",
"back",
"in",
"touch",
"with",
"non-consuming",
"friends",
"he",
"had",
"lost",
"years",
"ago",
"and",
"started",
"a",
"relationship",
"with",
"a",
"girl",
".",
"In",
"this",
"respect",
",",
"the",
"acceptance",
"of",
"his",
"group",
"of",
"friends",
"and",
"the",
"partner",
"gave",
"him",
"security",
"and",
"allowed",
"him",
"to",
"work",
"with",
"him",
"on",
"a",
"change",
"in",
"his",
"previous",
"lifestyle",
"and",
"a",
"mature",
"attitude",
"towards",
"his",
"life",
"and",
"his",
"future",
".",
"Nine",
"months",
"after",
"this",
"second",
"episode",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"more",
"stable",
"and",
"enrolled",
"in",
"specific",
"animal",
"care",
"courses",
",",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"always",
"enjoyed",
".",
"His",
"cognitive",
"level",
"had",
"improved",
"significantly",
"and",
"he",
"had",
"a",
"very",
"positive",
"attitude",
"towards",
"his",
"family",
"and",
"environment",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"psychotic",
"symptoms",
",",
"no",
"delusional",
"ideation",
"and",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"taking",
"medication",
"for",
"three",
"months",
".",
"The",
"urine",
"toxicity",
"tests",
"that",
"the",
"family",
"has",
"continued",
"to",
"carry",
"out",
"on",
"him",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"present",
"time",
"continue",
"to",
"be",
"negative",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 136,
"end": 142
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 166,
"end": 172
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 183,
"end": 191
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 247,
"end": 255
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 587,
"end": 594
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 994,
"end": 1001
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1007,
"end": 1014
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1016,
"end": 1023
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2028,
"end": 2035
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3006,
"end": 3013
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3184,
"end": 3191
},
{
"text": "animal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 472,
"end": 478
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2143,
"end": 2151
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2603,
"end": 2611
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3428,
"end": 3436
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 391,
"end": 397
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 408,
"end": 414
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1571,
"end": 1577
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1633,
"end": 1639
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1687,
"end": 1693
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2512,
"end": 2518
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2895,
"end": 2901
},
{
"text": "people",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2458,
"end": 2464
},
{
"text": "son",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 362,
"end": 365
},
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 323,
"end": 332
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2314,
"end": 2321
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1433,
"end": 1440
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2083,
"end": 2090
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2617,
"end": 2624
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2952,
"end": 2959
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2722,
"end": 2730
},
{
"text": "puberty",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 336,
"end": 343
},
{
"text": "relative",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3753,
"end": 3761
},
{
"text": "Cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4655,
"end": 4663
},
{
"text": "Cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4708,
"end": 4716
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4837,
"end": 4844
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5680,
"end": 5687
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5798,
"end": 5805
},
{
"text": "animal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6058,
"end": 6064
},
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5744,
"end": 5748
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5322,
"end": 5328
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6203,
"end": 6209
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6367,
"end": 6373
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5095,
"end": 5102
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6009,
"end": 6016
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5350,
"end": 5357
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5814,
"end": 5821
}
] | en |
45-day-old female infant with catarrhal symptoms lasting one week. For the last 3 days, she presented with cough in fits and starts followed by facial flushing, for which she was prescribed dextromethorphan. Thirty minutes ago she had an episode of apnoea with skin pallor and cyanosis of the lips, for which the father performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, with subsequent recovery of respiration. During his stay in the emergency department he has presented 2-3 episodes of apnoea without previous coughing spells, followed by bradycardia.
PERSONAL HISTORY:
Controlled gestation, with threatened preterm labour in week 33 treated with atosiban and pulmonary maturation with corticoids. Immune serology for rubella, toxoplasma, HIV and HBV negative. Emergency caesarean section, due to previous caesarean sections, at 33 weeks' gestation. Apgar 9/4. Type III resuscitation. Admitted to neonatology after an episode of cyanosis with desaturation requiring positive pressure ventilation and subsequent orotracheal intubation, with connection to conventional mechanical ventilation and subsequently to high frequency (for 5 days), being discharged at 12 days of life with the diagnoses of: persistent pulmonary hypertension of the NB, preterm low birth weight (2400 g) appropriate to gestational age, hyaline membrane disease grade III, patent ductus arteriosus closed spontaneously and left atelectasis. Feeding with artificial lactation. Immunisation schedule not yet started. Pending neonatology check-up, fundus examination and auditory evoked potentials.
FAMILY HISTORY
Not relevant.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ON ADMISSION
Weight: 3300 g (p50-75), Length 51 cm (p90), WC 35 cm (p75), HR 147 bpm, RR 39 rpm, Saturation 100% Good general condition- Good colouring, hydration and perfusion- No rash or petechiae- No respiratory distress. AP: Good bilateral ventilation, with some transmitted noises from the upper airways. Cardiac auscultation: normal- Abdomen soft and depressible, not painful, no masses or visceromegaly palpable ENT: normal. Neurological: 2 x 2 cm normotensive anterior fontanel. Good spontaneous activity. Reactive to stimuli. Normal tone and strength. Normal external genitalia.
COMPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS:
Haemogram: 9400 leucocytes/mm3 (42%N, 51%L, 6%M), Hb 9.7 gr/dl, Hcto 28%, platelets 665000. Biochemistry: glucose, ions, urea and creatinine normal. CRP < 0.3 mg/dl. Capillary blood gases: pH
7.25, pCO2 64 mm HG, HCO- 27.6 mmol/l, EB 0.1 mmol/l, lactic 1.3 mmol/l. Chest X-ray: bilateral interstitial infiltrate Antigenic determination of RSV, influenza A and B: negative. Blood culture: no growth. Stool culture and antigenic determination of rotavirus and adenovirus in stool: negative. PCR Bordetella pertussis: positive.
EVOLUTION
On admission he presented two episodes of apnoea with facial pallor, cyanosis of the lips and bradycardia requiring stimulation, so he was transferred to the NICU for respiratory support with nasal CPAP, despite which he continued with apnoea, so he was transferred to nasal CMV after 48 hours and empirical treatment was started with azithromycin and cefotaxime due to suspicion of pertussis syndrome and the possibility of respiratory co-infection, given the existence of bilateral interstitial infiltrate. After withdrawal of respiratory support, the patient evolved favourably, with a progressive decrease in coughing spells and associated episodes of desaturation, which required stimulation. At discharge, good oral tolerance, with adequate weight gain (weight at discharge 3420 gr) and few coughing spells, which did not require stimulation for recovery.
FINAL DIAGNOSIS
Whooping cough
| [
"45-day-old",
"female",
"infant",
"with",
"catarrhal",
"symptoms",
"lasting",
"one",
"week",
".",
"For",
"the",
"last",
"3",
"days",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"cough",
"in",
"fits",
"and",
"starts",
"followed",
"by",
"facial",
"flushing",
",",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"was",
"prescribed",
"dextromethorphan",
".",
"Thirty",
"minutes",
"ago",
"she",
"had",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"apnoea",
"with",
"skin",
"pallor",
"and",
"cyanosis",
"of",
"the",
"lips",
",",
"for",
"which",
"the",
"father",
"performed",
"mouth-to-mouth",
"resuscitation",
",",
"with",
"subsequent",
"recovery",
"of",
"respiration",
".",
"During",
"his",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"he",
"has",
"presented",
"2-3",
"episodes",
"of",
"apnoea",
"without",
"previous",
"coughing",
"spells",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"bradycardia",
".",
"PERSONAL",
"HISTORY",
":",
"Controlled",
"gestation",
",",
"with",
"threatened",
"preterm",
"labour",
"in",
"week",
"33",
"treated",
"with",
"atosiban",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"maturation",
"with",
"corticoids",
".",
"Immune",
"serology",
"for",
"rubella",
",",
"toxoplasma",
",",
"HIV",
"and",
"HBV",
"negative",
".",
"Emergency",
"caesarean",
"section",
",",
"due",
"to",
"previous",
"caesarean",
"sections",
",",
"at",
"33",
"weeks",
"'",
"gestation",
".",
"Apgar",
"9",
"/",
"4",
".",
"Type",
"III",
"resuscitation",
".",
"Admitted",
"to",
"neonatology",
"after",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"cyanosis",
"with",
"desaturation",
"requiring",
"positive",
"pressure",
"ventilation",
"and",
"subsequent",
"orotracheal",
"intubation",
",",
"with",
"connection",
"to",
"conventional",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
"and",
"subsequently",
"to",
"high",
"frequency",
"(",
"for",
"5",
"days",
")",
",",
"being",
"discharged",
"at",
"12",
"days",
"of",
"life",
"with",
"the",
"diagnoses",
"of",
":",
"persistent",
"pulmonary",
"hypertension",
"of",
"the",
"NB",
",",
"preterm",
"low",
"birth",
"weight",
"(",
"2400",
"g",
")",
"appropriate",
"to",
"gestational",
"age",
",",
"hyaline",
"membrane",
"disease",
"grade",
"III",
",",
"patent",
"ductus",
"arteriosus",
"closed",
"spontaneously",
"and",
"left",
"atelectasis",
".",
"Feeding",
"with",
"artificial",
"lactation",
".",
"Immunisation",
"schedule",
"not",
"yet",
"started",
".",
"Pending",
"neonatology",
"check-up",
",",
"fundus",
"examination",
"and",
"auditory",
"evoked",
"potentials",
".",
"FAMILY",
"HISTORY",
"Not",
"relevant",
".",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
"ON",
"ADMISSION",
"Weight",
":",
"3300",
"g",
"(",
"p50-75",
")",
",",
"Length",
"51",
"cm",
"(",
"p90",
")",
",",
"WC",
"35",
"cm",
"(",
"p75",
")",
",",
"HR",
"147",
"bpm",
",",
"RR",
"39",
"rpm",
",",
"Saturation",
"100",
"%",
"Good",
"general",
"condition",
"-",
"Good",
"colouring",
",",
"hydration",
"and",
"perfusion",
"-",
"No",
"rash",
"or",
"petechiae",
"-",
"No",
"respiratory",
"distress",
".",
"AP",
":",
"Good",
"bilateral",
"ventilation",
",",
"with",
"some",
"transmitted",
"noises",
"from",
"the",
"upper",
"airways",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
":",
"normal",
"-",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"not",
"painful",
",",
"no",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
"palpable",
"ENT",
":",
"normal",
".",
"Neurological",
":",
"2",
"x",
"2",
"cm",
"normotensive",
"anterior",
"fontanel",
".",
"Good",
"spontaneous",
"activity",
".",
"Reactive",
"to",
"stimuli",
".",
"Normal",
"tone",
"and",
"strength",
".",
"Normal",
"external",
"genitalia",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"EXAMINATIONS",
":",
"Haemogram",
":",
"9400",
"leucocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"42",
"%",
"N",
",",
"51",
"%",
"L",
",",
"6",
"%",
"M",
")",
",",
"Hb",
"9",
".",
"7",
"gr",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"Hcto",
"28",
"%",
",",
"platelets",
"665000",
".",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"glucose",
",",
"ions",
",",
"urea",
"and",
"creatinine",
"normal",
".",
"CRP",
"<",
"0",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Capillary",
"blood",
"gases",
":",
"pH",
"7",
".",
"25",
",",
"pCO2",
"64",
"mm",
"HG",
",",
"HCO",
"-",
"27",
".",
"6",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
",",
"EB",
"0",
".",
"1",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
",",
"lactic",
"1",
".",
"3",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"bilateral",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
"Antigenic",
"determination",
"of",
"RSV",
",",
"influenza",
"A",
"and",
"B",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Blood",
"culture",
":",
"no",
"growth",
".",
"Stool",
"culture",
"and",
"antigenic",
"determination",
"of",
"rotavirus",
"and",
"adenovirus",
"in",
"stool",
":",
"negative",
".",
"PCR",
"Bordetella",
"pertussis",
":",
"positive",
".",
"EVOLUTION",
"On",
"admission",
"he",
"presented",
"two",
"episodes",
"of",
"apnoea",
"with",
"facial",
"pallor",
",",
"cyanosis",
"of",
"the",
"lips",
"and",
"bradycardia",
"requiring",
"stimulation",
",",
"so",
"he",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"NICU",
"for",
"respiratory",
"support",
"with",
"nasal",
"CPAP",
",",
"despite",
"which",
"he",
"continued",
"with",
"apnoea",
",",
"so",
"he",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"nasal",
"CMV",
"after",
"48",
"hours",
"and",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"azithromycin",
"and",
"cefotaxime",
"due",
"to",
"suspicion",
"of",
"pertussis",
"syndrome",
"and",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"respiratory",
"co-infection",
",",
"given",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"bilateral",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
".",
"After",
"withdrawal",
"of",
"respiratory",
"support",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"evolved",
"favourably",
",",
"with",
"a",
"progressive",
"decrease",
"in",
"coughing",
"spells",
"and",
"associated",
"episodes",
"of",
"desaturation",
",",
"which",
"required",
"stimulation",
".",
"At",
"discharge",
",",
"good",
"oral",
"tolerance",
",",
"with",
"adequate",
"weight",
"gain",
"(",
"weight",
"at",
"discharge",
"3420",
"gr",
")",
"and",
"few",
"coughing",
"spells",
",",
"which",
"did",
"not",
"require",
"stimulation",
"for",
"recovery",
".",
"FINAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Whooping",
"cough"
] | [
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "female infant",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 11,
"end": 24
},
{
"text": "father",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 313,
"end": 319
},
{
"text": "PERSONAL",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 545,
"end": 553
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 740,
"end": 743
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 732,
"end": 735
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 720,
"end": 730
},
{
"text": "rubella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 711,
"end": 718
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3042,
"end": 3045
}
] | en |
Clinical history and current disease
Male, 51 years of age. Cardiovascular risk factors: long-standing smoking, hypertension since 1998, type 2 diabetes mellitus under treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs. Anaplastic T-cell lymphoma in 2007 treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and BEAM-conditioned autotransplantation, currently in complete remission. Refractory myelodysplastic cytopenia syndrome with multilineage dysplasia and complex karyotype treated with azacitidine as a bridge to bone marrow transplant. Idiopathic thrombopenic purpura. No known allergies. Cardiological check-up in 2006 with normal ECG, echocardiogram and stress test. He usually reports being asymptomatic cardiovascular.
Patient presented to the Emergency Department with fever of up to 38.3oC, asthenia, general malaise and generalised aches and pains for 3 days. Also, on the day of consultation, he had started with oppressive retrosternal pain of increasing intensity, radiating to the back, shoulders and jaw, which increased in intensity with deep inspiration and supine decubitus, with accompanying malaise and dyspnoea and BP levels of 70/40 mmHg.
Physical examination was normal except for hypoventilation in both lung bases.
Complementary tests
- ECG: sinus tachycardia with mild diffuse ST-segment elevation slightly higher than the previous one and non-specific repolarisation alterations.
- Laboratory tests showed an increase in infectious-inflammatory parameters (CRP 32; Procalcitonin 10); macrocytic anaemia, plateletopenia and leucopenia. Slight increase in myocardial damage markers: CPK 210; CPK MB 19 and troponin T 0.62. Acute renal failure (Cr 2.1) with preserved diuresis (GFR 36 mL/min). Acid-base balance and the rest of the laboratory tests were normal.
- Urgent Doppler echocardiogram: global and segmental contractility alterations, pericardial effusion and acute pathology were ruled out.
- Chest CT scan: ruled out the existence of acute aortic pathology, pulmonary thromboembolism or significant infectious process.
Clinical evolution
During his admission, broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals were administered empirically, without microbiological isolation in blood cultures, urine cultures and sputum cultures. Viral serologies were also negative. Myocardial damage markers were monitored, with maximum troponin T of 1.59, CPK of 279 and CPK of 43 four days after admission, with progressive decrease and normalisation at discharge. ProBNP was determined and reached a maximum of 8319 pg/mL 5 days after admission.
In the absence of an infectious focus, a transesophageal echocardiogram was performed 5 days later, showing borderline left ventricular function (LVEF: 0.45-0.50), with no images suggestive of endocarditis or other significant findings. Treatment was started with corticoids, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and diuretics with clinical and analytical improvement, with borderline systolic function persisting in the echocardiogram at discharge. Seen in consultation ten days later, he reported being asymptomatic cardiovascular. He underwent a control electrocardiogram in which the aforementioned alterations persisted, an echocardiogram in which a dilated left ventricle with borderline systolic function was observed, without pericardial effusion or contractility alterations, and a blood test in which slight thrombopenia and leukopenia persisted, with normal infectious-inflammatory parameters.
The following day, an MRI of the heart was performed with adenosine stress, showing signs compatible with acute myopericarditis and borderline systolic function, without inducing myocardial ischaemia. The same treatment was maintained and the patient was scheduled for a follow-up appointment one month later.
Diagnosis
- Septic shock with an unfiltered focus.
- Acute myopericarditis
- Myelodysplastic syndrome, refractory cytopenia type.
| [
"Clinical",
"history",
"and",
"current",
"disease",
"Male",
",",
"51",
"years",
"of",
"age",
".",
"Cardiovascular",
"risk",
"factors",
":",
"long-standing",
"smoking",
",",
"hypertension",
"since",
"1998",
",",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"under",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"antidiabetic",
"drugs",
".",
"Anaplastic",
"T-cell",
"lymphoma",
"in",
"2007",
"treated",
"with",
"chemotherapy",
",",
"radiotherapy",
"and",
"BEAM-conditioned",
"autotransplantation",
",",
"currently",
"in",
"complete",
"remission",
".",
"Refractory",
"myelodysplastic",
"cytopenia",
"syndrome",
"with",
"multilineage",
"dysplasia",
"and",
"complex",
"karyotype",
"treated",
"with",
"azacitidine",
"as",
"a",
"bridge",
"to",
"bone",
"marrow",
"transplant",
".",
"Idiopathic",
"thrombopenic",
"purpura",
".",
"No",
"known",
"allergies",
".",
"Cardiological",
"check-up",
"in",
"2006",
"with",
"normal",
"ECG",
",",
"echocardiogram",
"and",
"stress",
"test",
".",
"He",
"usually",
"reports",
"being",
"asymptomatic",
"cardiovascular",
".",
"Patient",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"38",
".",
"3oC",
",",
"asthenia",
",",
"general",
"malaise",
"and",
"generalised",
"aches",
"and",
"pains",
"for",
"3",
"days",
".",
"Also",
",",
"on",
"the",
"day",
"of",
"consultation",
",",
"he",
"had",
"started",
"with",
"oppressive",
"retrosternal",
"pain",
"of",
"increasing",
"intensity",
",",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"back",
",",
"shoulders",
"and",
"jaw",
",",
"which",
"increased",
"in",
"intensity",
"with",
"deep",
"inspiration",
"and",
"supine",
"decubitus",
",",
"with",
"accompanying",
"malaise",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"BP",
"levels",
"of",
"70",
"/",
"40",
"mmHg",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
"except",
"for",
"hypoventilation",
"in",
"both",
"lung",
"bases",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"ECG",
":",
"sinus",
"tachycardia",
"with",
"mild",
"diffuse",
"ST-segment",
"elevation",
"slightly",
"higher",
"than",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
"and",
"non-specific",
"repolarisation",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"infectious-inflammatory",
"parameters",
"(",
"CRP",
"32",
";",
"Procalcitonin",
"10",
")",
";",
"macrocytic",
"anaemia",
",",
"plateletopenia",
"and",
"leucopenia",
".",
"Slight",
"increase",
"in",
"myocardial",
"damage",
"markers",
":",
"CPK",
"210",
";",
"CPK",
"MB",
"19",
"and",
"troponin",
"T",
"0",
".",
"62",
".",
"Acute",
"renal",
"failure",
"(",
"Cr",
"2",
".",
"1",
")",
"with",
"preserved",
"diuresis",
"(",
"GFR",
"36",
"mL",
"/",
"min",
")",
".",
"Acid-base",
"balance",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Urgent",
"Doppler",
"echocardiogram",
":",
"global",
"and",
"segmental",
"contractility",
"alterations",
",",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"and",
"acute",
"pathology",
"were",
"ruled",
"out",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"acute",
"aortic",
"pathology",
",",
"pulmonary",
"thromboembolism",
"or",
"significant",
"infectious",
"process",
".",
"Clinical",
"evolution",
"During",
"his",
"admission",
",",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotics",
"and",
"antifungals",
"were",
"administered",
"empirically",
",",
"without",
"microbiological",
"isolation",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"urine",
"cultures",
"and",
"sputum",
"cultures",
".",
"Viral",
"serologies",
"were",
"also",
"negative",
".",
"Myocardial",
"damage",
"markers",
"were",
"monitored",
",",
"with",
"maximum",
"troponin",
"T",
"of",
"1",
".",
"59",
",",
"CPK",
"of",
"279",
"and",
"CPK",
"of",
"43",
"four",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"with",
"progressive",
"decrease",
"and",
"normalisation",
"at",
"discharge",
".",
"ProBNP",
"was",
"determined",
"and",
"reached",
"a",
"maximum",
"of",
"8319",
"pg",
"/",
"mL",
"5",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
".",
"In",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"an",
"infectious",
"focus",
",",
"a",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
"5",
"days",
"later",
",",
"showing",
"borderline",
"left",
"ventricular",
"function",
"(",
"LVEF",
":",
"0",
".",
"45-0",
".",
"50",
")",
",",
"with",
"no",
"images",
"suggestive",
"of",
"endocarditis",
"or",
"other",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"corticoids",
",",
"beta-blockers",
",",
"ACE",
"inhibitors",
"and",
"diuretics",
"with",
"clinical",
"and",
"analytical",
"improvement",
",",
"with",
"borderline",
"systolic",
"function",
"persisting",
"in",
"the",
"echocardiogram",
"at",
"discharge",
".",
"Seen",
"in",
"consultation",
"ten",
"days",
"later",
",",
"he",
"reported",
"being",
"asymptomatic",
"cardiovascular",
".",
"He",
"underwent",
"a",
"control",
"electrocardiogram",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"aforementioned",
"alterations",
"persisted",
",",
"an",
"echocardiogram",
"in",
"which",
"a",
"dilated",
"left",
"ventricle",
"with",
"borderline",
"systolic",
"function",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"without",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"or",
"contractility",
"alterations",
",",
"and",
"a",
"blood",
"test",
"in",
"which",
"slight",
"thrombopenia",
"and",
"leukopenia",
"persisted",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"infectious-inflammatory",
"parameters",
".",
"The",
"following",
"day",
",",
"an",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"heart",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"adenosine",
"stress",
",",
"showing",
"signs",
"compatible",
"with",
"acute",
"myopericarditis",
"and",
"borderline",
"systolic",
"function",
",",
"without",
"inducing",
"myocardial",
"ischaemia",
".",
"The",
"same",
"treatment",
"was",
"maintained",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"scheduled",
"for",
"a",
"follow-up",
"appointment",
"one",
"month",
"later",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"-",
"Septic",
"shock",
"with",
"an",
"unfiltered",
"focus",
".",
"-",
"Acute",
"myopericarditis",
"-",
"Myelodysplastic",
"syndrome",
",",
"refractory",
"cytopenia",
"type",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 37,
"end": 41
},
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 705,
"end": 712
},
{
"text": "microbiological isolation",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2158,
"end": 2183
},
{
"text": "antifungals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2107,
"end": 2118
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3684,
"end": 3691
}
] | en |
Two-month-old boy with a history of tracheomalacia requiring tracheostomy. He presented with respiratory failure, pneumomediastinum and bilateral pneumothorax. He developed refractory respiratory failure and was given emergency ECMO, with which he remained for 8 days. Despite the clinical picture and high IL-6 values, he tested negative for COVID-19 antibodies. A continuous electroencephalogram (EEGc) determined that the child was in non-convulsive status epilepticus, which was controlled by four drugs. Following the ECMO protocol, daily follow-up cranial ultrasound scans were performed. On day 1 of ECMO, a cranial ultrasound showed multifocal echogenicity suspicious for haemorrhage. A follow-up CT scan revealed bilateral middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery infarcts with haemorrhagic transformation. The patient continued to have poor seizure control, requiring several weeks of intermittent EEG and adjustment of anti-epileptic medication, including continuous administration of phenobarbital and midazolam. MRI revealed evolving haemorrhagic infarcts in the occipitoparietal lobes and in the left temporal and frontal lobes and stable bilateral subdural groups, the aetiology of which was suspected to be cardioembolic. At this time the patient is being progressively weaned off life support.
| [
"",
"Two-month-old",
"boy",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"tracheomalacia",
"requiring",
"tracheostomy",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"with",
"respiratory",
"failure",
",",
"pneumomediastinum",
"and",
"bilateral",
"pneumothorax",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"refractory",
"respiratory",
"failure",
"and",
"was",
"given",
"emergency",
"ECMO",
",",
"with",
"which",
"he",
"remained",
"for",
"8",
"days",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
"and",
"high",
"IL-6",
"values",
",",
"he",
"tested",
"negative",
"for",
"COVID-19",
"antibodies",
".",
"A",
"continuous",
"electroencephalogram",
"(",
"EEGc",
")",
"determined",
"that",
"the",
"child",
"was",
"in",
"non-convulsive",
"status",
"epilepticus",
",",
"which",
"was",
"controlled",
"by",
"four",
"drugs",
".",
"Following",
"the",
"ECMO",
"protocol",
",",
"daily",
"follow-up",
"cranial",
"ultrasound",
"scans",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"On",
"day",
"1",
"of",
"ECMO",
",",
"a",
"cranial",
"ultrasound",
"showed",
"multifocal",
"echogenicity",
"suspicious",
"for",
"haemorrhage",
".",
"A",
"follow-up",
"CT",
"scan",
"revealed",
"bilateral",
"middle",
"cerebral",
"artery",
"and",
"posterior",
"cerebral",
"artery",
"infarcts",
"with",
"haemorrhagic",
"transformation",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"continued",
"to",
"have",
"poor",
"seizure",
"control",
",",
"requiring",
"several",
"weeks",
"of",
"intermittent",
"EEG",
"and",
"adjustment",
"of",
"anti-epileptic",
"medication",
",",
"including",
"continuous",
"administration",
"of",
"phenobarbital",
"and",
"midazolam",
".",
"MRI",
"revealed",
"evolving",
"haemorrhagic",
"infarcts",
"in",
"the",
"occipitoparietal",
"lobes",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"temporal",
"and",
"frontal",
"lobes",
"and",
"stable",
"bilateral",
"subdural",
"groups",
",",
"the",
"aetiology",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"suspected",
"to",
"be",
"cardioembolic",
".",
"At",
"this",
"time",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"being",
"progressively",
"weaned",
"off",
"life",
"support",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "child",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 426,
"end": 431
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 833,
"end": 840
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1268,
"end": 1275
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
65-year-old woman with a dubious history of photosensitivity and arthralgias without arthritis of large joints without regular medication. She had required H. pylori eradication treatment for gastritis. A few weeks after completing triple OCA therapy (Omeprazole, Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin) she developed a skin rash for which she consulted.
Physical examination
Physical examination revealed a symmetrical generalised exanthematous dermatosis of greater intensity on the back, neck, back of the arms and lower limbs characterised by annular macular lesions, some of them dianiform, reminiscent of erythema multiforme (EM), with a tendency to confluence. It was accompanied by palmar involvement. There were no other accompanying symptoms or mucosal involvement. Over the course of a week the lesions converged to form large annular-polycyclic plaques.
Complementary examinations
A blood test with autoimmunity determination was performed, highlighting the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) >1/160 with a mottled pattern, positive anti-ENA with positive anti-Ro/SSA and positive anti-LA/SSB. Anti-histone, rheumatoid factor and complement were negative.
A sample was taken for pathological examination showing an interface dermatitis with basal vacuolar damage and the presence of numerous eosinophils in the dermis compatible with MS or Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE).
Diagnosis
Rowell's Syndrome/ Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Erythematosus Drug-induced
Treatment
Antihistamine treatment was started on demand together with oral prednisone 40 mg/24 h with a subsequent tapering pattern.
Evolution
Over the following weeks the lesions gradually resolved and progressed to scaly and hyperpigmented forms with a residual appearance. During one year of follow-up the patient did not present new outbreaks although the antibodies remained positive.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"65-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"a",
"dubious",
"history",
"of",
"photosensitivity",
"and",
"arthralgias",
"without",
"arthritis",
"of",
"large",
"joints",
"without",
"regular",
"medication",
".",
"She",
"had",
"required",
"H",
".",
"pylori",
"eradication",
"treatment",
"for",
"gastritis",
".",
"A",
"few",
"weeks",
"after",
"completing",
"triple",
"OCA",
"therapy",
"(",
"Omeprazole",
",",
"Clarithromycin",
"and",
"Amoxicillin",
")",
"she",
"developed",
"a",
"skin",
"rash",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"consulted",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"symmetrical",
"generalised",
"exanthematous",
"dermatosis",
"of",
"greater",
"intensity",
"on",
"the",
"back",
",",
"neck",
",",
"back",
"of",
"the",
"arms",
"and",
"lower",
"limbs",
"characterised",
"by",
"annular",
"macular",
"lesions",
",",
"some",
"of",
"them",
"dianiform",
",",
"reminiscent",
"of",
"erythema",
"multiforme",
"(",
"EM",
")",
",",
"with",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"confluence",
".",
"It",
"was",
"accompanied",
"by",
"palmar",
"involvement",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"other",
"accompanying",
"symptoms",
"or",
"mucosal",
"involvement",
".",
"Over",
"the",
"course",
"of",
"a",
"week",
"the",
"lesions",
"converged",
"to",
"form",
"large",
"annular-polycyclic",
"plaques",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"A",
"blood",
"test",
"with",
"autoimmunity",
"determination",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"highlighting",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"antinuclear",
"antibodies",
"(",
"ANA",
")",
">",
"1",
"/",
"160",
"with",
"a",
"mottled",
"pattern",
",",
"positive",
"anti-ENA",
"with",
"positive",
"anti-Ro",
"/",
"SSA",
"and",
"positive",
"anti-LA",
"/",
"SSB",
".",
"Anti-histone",
",",
"rheumatoid",
"factor",
"and",
"complement",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"A",
"sample",
"was",
"taken",
"for",
"pathological",
"examination",
"showing",
"an",
"interface",
"dermatitis",
"with",
"basal",
"vacuolar",
"damage",
"and",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"numerous",
"eosinophils",
"in",
"the",
"dermis",
"compatible",
"with",
"MS",
"or",
"Subacute",
"Cutaneous",
"Lupus",
"Erythematosus",
"(",
"SCLE",
")",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Rowell",
"'",
"s",
"Syndrome",
"/",
"Subacute",
"Cutaneous",
"Lupus",
"Erythematosus",
"Erythematosus",
"Drug-induced",
"Treatment",
"Antihistamine",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"on",
"demand",
"together",
"with",
"oral",
"prednisone",
"40",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
"with",
"a",
"subsequent",
"tapering",
"pattern",
".",
"Evolution",
"Over",
"the",
"following",
"weeks",
"the",
"lesions",
"gradually",
"resolved",
"and",
"progressed",
"to",
"scaly",
"and",
"hyperpigmented",
"forms",
"with",
"a",
"residual",
"appearance",
".",
"During",
"one",
"year",
"of",
"follow-up",
"the",
"patient",
"did",
"not",
"present",
"new",
"outbreaks",
"although",
"the",
"antibodies",
"remained",
"positive",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "H. pylori",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 166,
"end": 175
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1816,
"end": 1823
}
] | en |
A 21-year-old woman from India, resident in Spain since she was two years old, with no personal history of interest, consulted the emergency department a month earlier, after returning from a trip to India, for a picture of liquid diarrhoea of 6-8 stools a day without pathological products, and in the last week, fever of up to 39.5°C. She had no respiratory or urinary symptoms. She had no associated respiratory or urinary symptoms, although she reported mild abdominal pain.
The trip was for religious/family reasons, arranged marriage, with a stay of 6 months mainly in the state of Rajasthan (North West of the Indian subcontinent), in a rural area, living with friends and relatives with eating habits according to local cuisine and traditions. She reports unprotected sexual relations with her husband after marriage. She did not bathe in rivers or lakes. On physical examination she had a blood pressure (BP) of 100/65 mm Hg with a heart rate (HR) at 100 beats per minute (bpm) and a temperature of 39 °C. The abdomen was not distended, with normal hydroaerial sounds, and with minimal pain in the right iliac fossa with no signs of peritoneal irritation. The rest of the physical examination was normal.
Laboratory tests showed altered liver biochemistry with a pattern of dissociated cholestasis: GOT 473 IU/l, GPT 153 IU/l, FA 272 IU/l, GGT 323 IU/l and bilirubin in the normal range. C-reactive protein (CRP) was 67 mg/l. The haemogram showed 12000 leukocytes/mm3 with neutrophilia (polymorphonuclear 78%) and Hb 6.5 g/l (VCM 82 fL, HCHM 30 pG). All other parameters including renal function, platelet count and coagulation study were normal. A supine abdominal X-ray was performed with no relevant findings, as well as an abdominal ultrasound showing homogeneous splenomegaly with no other alterations. The thick blood smear and peripheral blood smear showed no evidence of parasites. An urgent pregnancy test was performed with a positive result, so she was transferred to the Maternity Hospital for gynaecological assessment, confirming gestation with a foetus with no signs of viability, so, after water and electrolyte replacement and transfusion of blood products, she underwent uterine curettage. Subsequent clinical evolution was not favourable, with persistent fever, diarrhoea and decreased level of consciousness, so it was decided to start empirical antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone and metronidazole, with suspicion of septic symptoms after curettage. However, in the absence of response, it was decided to consult with Infectious Diseases.
Differential diagnosis
The diarrhoeal symptoms of more than three weeks' duration, with short-lasting fever, the recent history of travel to a tropical area, the type of travel, the pregnancy-induced immunosuppression and the lack of initial response to empirical broad-spectrum antibiotherapy are key details in the diagnostic approach to this patient. Diarrhoea following a trip to the tropics is the most frequent reason for consultation at traveller's pathology centres. The most frequent microorganisms of bacterial origin are: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella spp and Salmonella spp. Other agents to consider are: Norovirus, Rotavirus, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Cyclospora. Most of them cause acute symptoms, which manifest themselves within the first two weeks of acquisition, are self-limiting and have a good response to etiological treatment, if necessary. In this patient, the duration of the symptoms makes it unlikely that they are due to the most common bacterial microorganisms. Furthermore, all of them should have responded to the antibiotic treatment initiated. A viral aetiology has been ruled out due to the duration of the symptoms. The type of non-inflammatory diarrhoea makes Entamoeba histolytica unlikely. A parasitic origin is therefore more likely, which would have to be ruled out by stool examination. However, the splenomegaly observed, as well as the CRP values, are not initially consistent with the possibility of a parasitic aetiology. The severe anaemia on admission, with no evidence of external bleeding, together with the chronic nature of the symptoms, could indicate a long-standing infection or chronic intestinal blood loss that is not evident. Given the high rate of Salmonella typhoid infection in India, the possibility of typhoid fever with intestinal microbleeding due to Peyer's plaque hypertrophy should be considered, a diagnosis that would justify the associated splenomegaly. However, typhoid fever usually presents as an acute systemic condition, which is not consistent with the chronicity of the clinical picture in this patient. Furthermore, splenomegaly is not a specific finding and there are numerous infectious and non-infectious causes that may explain it. Unprotected sexual relations make it necessary to rule out HIV infection with associated opportunistic infection, with germs such as Cryptosporidium or Cyclospora. Finally, it must be taken into account that pregnancy induces cellular immunosuppression that can facilitate infections by rare germs such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Evolution
Based on the above, the following were requested as part of the microbiological diagnostic study: stool culture in which Salmonella non-typhi was isolated (S. enteritidis, R to nalidixic acid, MIC >16 mg/ml); smear microscopy which was negative and culture of mycobacteria; stool parasite study which was negative, and blood cultures which were also negative. Serological studies including HIV, HAV, HBV, HCV, Coxiella burnetti, Rickettsia connori and Brucella melitensis were negative. Water and electrolyte supplementation was intensified, and a progressive oral diet was started, with a favourable evolution: self-limitation of the diarrhoea and afebrile 5 days after starting antibiotic therapy, with a decrease in acute phase reactants (AFR) in control analyses (Leukocytes 9000/microl and CRP 12 mg/l).
Based on stool isolation, clinical and analytical improvement, together with the absence of clinical signs suggestive of septic process, it was decided to discontinue empirical antibiotherapy 7 days after its initiation. After 48 hours of clinical observation, she was discharged for outpatient follow-up with a diagnosis of "acute gastroenteritis due to Salmonella non-typhi" on chronic diarrhoea following a trip to the tropics, without microbiological isolation and uterine curettage due to spontaneous abortion.
Fifteen days later, she was readmitted for persistent diarrhoea, asthenia, poor oral intake and fever of up to 40°C, with a tendency to sleep. On admission she had a BP 90/40 mm Hg, HR 110 bpm and T 39.8°C. On examination she was conscious and oriented, although she tended to sleep. The rest of the neurological and cardiorespiratory examination was normal. The abdomen was soft and not distended, with abundant peristaltic sounds and painful on selective palpation in FID, with no signs of peritoneal irritation or hepatosplenomegaly. Rectal examination showed an empty rectal ampulla, with no traces of bleeding. There were no palpable adenopathies or skin alterations.
Chest X-ray was performed in posteroanterior and lateral projections without alterations. Blood tests showed creatinine 1.22 mg/dl, urea 46 mg/dl, K 2.5 mEq/l, Na 125 mEq/l, CRP 116 mg/l, amylase 200 IU/l, GOT 520 IU/l, GPT 180 IU/l, FA 302 IU/l, GGT 380 IU/l and bilirubin in normal range. The total leukocyte count was 10,000/mm3 with 600 lymphocytes/mm3. The haemogram showed mild anaemia 12.7 g/l with platelets and coagulation in the normal range. The ultrasound study showed no alterations with respect to the previous one. Blood cultures were obtained and Salmonella typhi (R to Nalidixic Acid, MIC >16 mg/ml) was isolated, so antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone was started for 14 days. The isolation of two different subtypes of the same species, in two consecutive admissions, within a short period of time and without clinical improvement, led to the typing of the stool culture from the first admission with MALDITOF, which was finally identified as Salmonella typhy with the same antibiogram as the blood culture. Despite intravenous antibiotic treatment for two weeks with a negative blood culture after 5 days, the patient did not improve with daily evening fever, diarrhoea and abdominal pain.
The diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis on first admission did not justify the clinical chronology of the clinical picture. The isolation of Salmonella tiphy in blood cultures made it possible to correct the initial diagnosis, which, however, still did not explain all the present symptoms, due to both the duration and the lack of response to treatment with ceftriaxone. Acquired resistance to third generation cephalosporins, although a possibility, is extremely rare. Two options were therefore considered: co-infection by an unidentified germ or extending the study to non-infectious causes, among which neoplastic processes (neuroendocrine, lymphomas or adenocarcinoma) or autoimmune processes such as inflammatory bowel disease should be ruled out as the main suspicions. In this sense, a colonoscopy was proposed for the diagnostic study. On re-interrogation and further anamnesis, the patient reported a weight loss of approximately 20 kg in the last 3 months, with a current BMI of 23.9 kg/m2 (previous BMI of 31.2 kg/m2 with a body weight loss of 23.6% in that period). Also, prior to the onset of the diarrhoea, he had profuse night sweats, which he interpreted as fever, but never observed.
Finally, the microbiology laboratory reported the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the stool sample obtained on the first hospital admission (22 days earlier). Treatment was started with a standard regimen of Isoniazid (H), Rifampicin (R) and Pyrazinamide (Z) (Rifater ®), adjusted to weight. One week later, the patient showed evident improvement in general and nutritional status, was afebrile with resolution of diarrhoea and abdominal pain, so colonoscopy was not considered necessary. The patient received a total of 2 months of HRZ and 7 months of HR, with regular outpatient visits, favourable evolution, negative stool culture at one month of treatment, and no evidence of extraintestinal involvement.
Final diagnosis
Intestinal tuberculosis and typhoid fever and associated protein-calorie malnutrition.
| [
"A",
"21-year-old",
"woman",
"from",
"India",
",",
"resident",
"in",
"Spain",
"since",
"she",
"was",
"two",
"years",
"old",
",",
"with",
"no",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"a",
"month",
"earlier",
",",
"after",
"returning",
"from",
"a",
"trip",
"to",
"India",
",",
"for",
"a",
"picture",
"of",
"liquid",
"diarrhoea",
"of",
"6-8",
"stools",
"a",
"day",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
",",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"week",
",",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"respiratory",
"or",
"urinary",
"symptoms",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"associated",
"respiratory",
"or",
"urinary",
"symptoms",
",",
"although",
"she",
"reported",
"mild",
"abdominal",
"pain",
".",
"The",
"trip",
"was",
"for",
"religious",
"/",
"family",
"reasons",
",",
"arranged",
"marriage",
",",
"with",
"a",
"stay",
"of",
"6",
"months",
"mainly",
"in",
"the",
"state",
"of",
"Rajasthan",
"(",
"North",
"West",
"of",
"the",
"Indian",
"subcontinent",
")",
",",
"in",
"a",
"rural",
"area",
",",
"living",
"with",
"friends",
"and",
"relatives",
"with",
"eating",
"habits",
"according",
"to",
"local",
"cuisine",
"and",
"traditions",
".",
"She",
"reports",
"unprotected",
"sexual",
"relations",
"with",
"her",
"husband",
"after",
"marriage",
".",
"She",
"did",
"not",
"bathe",
"in",
"rivers",
"or",
"lakes",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
"she",
"had",
"a",
"blood",
"pressure",
"(",
"BP",
")",
"of",
"100",
"/",
"65",
"mm",
"Hg",
"with",
"a",
"heart",
"rate",
"(",
"HR",
")",
"at",
"100",
"beats",
"per",
"minute",
"(",
"bpm",
")",
"and",
"a",
"temperature",
"of",
"39",
"°",
"C",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"not",
"distended",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"hydroaerial",
"sounds",
",",
"and",
"with",
"minimal",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"iliac",
"fossa",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"altered",
"liver",
"biochemistry",
"with",
"a",
"pattern",
"of",
"dissociated",
"cholestasis",
":",
"GOT",
"473",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GPT",
"153",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"FA",
"272",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GGT",
"323",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
"and",
"bilirubin",
"in",
"the",
"normal",
"range",
".",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"CRP",
")",
"was",
"67",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
".",
"The",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"12000",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
"(",
"polymorphonuclear",
"78",
"%",
")",
"and",
"Hb",
"6",
".",
"5",
"g",
"/",
"l",
"(",
"VCM",
"82",
"fL",
",",
"HCHM",
"30",
"pG",
")",
".",
"All",
"other",
"parameters",
"including",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"platelet",
"count",
"and",
"coagulation",
"study",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"A",
"supine",
"abdominal",
"X-ray",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"no",
"relevant",
"findings",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"an",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"showing",
"homogeneous",
"splenomegaly",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"alterations",
".",
"The",
"thick",
"blood",
"smear",
"and",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"smear",
"showed",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"parasites",
".",
"An",
"urgent",
"pregnancy",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"a",
"positive",
"result",
",",
"so",
"she",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"Maternity",
"Hospital",
"for",
"gynaecological",
"assessment",
",",
"confirming",
"gestation",
"with",
"a",
"foetus",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"viability",
",",
"so",
",",
"after",
"water",
"and",
"electrolyte",
"replacement",
"and",
"transfusion",
"of",
"blood",
"products",
",",
"she",
"underwent",
"uterine",
"curettage",
".",
"Subsequent",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"was",
"not",
"favourable",
",",
"with",
"persistent",
"fever",
",",
"diarrhoea",
"and",
"decreased",
"level",
"of",
"consciousness",
",",
"so",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"metronidazole",
",",
"with",
"suspicion",
"of",
"septic",
"symptoms",
"after",
"curettage",
".",
"However",
",",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"response",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"consult",
"with",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"diarrhoeal",
"symptoms",
"of",
"more",
"than",
"three",
"weeks",
"'",
"duration",
",",
"with",
"short-lasting",
"fever",
",",
"the",
"recent",
"history",
"of",
"travel",
"to",
"a",
"tropical",
"area",
",",
"the",
"type",
"of",
"travel",
",",
"the",
"pregnancy-induced",
"immunosuppression",
"and",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"initial",
"response",
"to",
"empirical",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotherapy",
"are",
"key",
"details",
"in",
"the",
"diagnostic",
"approach",
"to",
"this",
"patient",
".",
"Diarrhoea",
"following",
"a",
"trip",
"to",
"the",
"tropics",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"reason",
"for",
"consultation",
"at",
"traveller",
"'",
"s",
"pathology",
"centres",
".",
"The",
"most",
"frequent",
"microorganisms",
"of",
"bacterial",
"origin",
"are",
":",
"Enterotoxigenic",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
",",
"enteroaggregative",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
",",
"Campylobacter",
"jejuni",
",",
"Shigella",
"spp",
"and",
"Salmonella",
"spp",
".",
"Other",
"agents",
"to",
"consider",
"are",
":",
"Norovirus",
",",
"Rotavirus",
",",
"Giardia",
"lamblia",
",",
"Entamoeba",
"histolytica",
"and",
"Cyclospora",
".",
"Most",
"of",
"them",
"cause",
"acute",
"symptoms",
",",
"which",
"manifest",
"themselves",
"within",
"the",
"first",
"two",
"weeks",
"of",
"acquisition",
",",
"are",
"self-limiting",
"and",
"have",
"a",
"good",
"response",
"to",
"etiological",
"treatment",
",",
"if",
"necessary",
".",
"In",
"this",
"patient",
",",
"the",
"duration",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
"makes",
"it",
"unlikely",
"that",
"they",
"are",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"bacterial",
"microorganisms",
".",
"Furthermore",
",",
"all",
"of",
"them",
"should",
"have",
"responded",
"to",
"the",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"initiated",
".",
"A",
"viral",
"aetiology",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"out",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"duration",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
".",
"The",
"type",
"of",
"non-inflammatory",
"diarrhoea",
"makes",
"Entamoeba",
"histolytica",
"unlikely",
".",
"A",
"parasitic",
"origin",
"is",
"therefore",
"more",
"likely",
",",
"which",
"would",
"have",
"to",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"by",
"stool",
"examination",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"splenomegaly",
"observed",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"CRP",
"values",
",",
"are",
"not",
"initially",
"consistent",
"with",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"a",
"parasitic",
"aetiology",
".",
"The",
"severe",
"anaemia",
"on",
"admission",
",",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"external",
"bleeding",
",",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"chronic",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
",",
"could",
"indicate",
"a",
"long-standing",
"infection",
"or",
"chronic",
"intestinal",
"blood",
"loss",
"that",
"is",
"not",
"evident",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"high",
"rate",
"of",
"Salmonella",
"typhoid",
"infection",
"in",
"India",
",",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"typhoid",
"fever",
"with",
"intestinal",
"microbleeding",
"due",
"to",
"Peyer",
"'",
"s",
"plaque",
"hypertrophy",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
",",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"that",
"would",
"justify",
"the",
"associated",
"splenomegaly",
".",
"However",
",",
"typhoid",
"fever",
"usually",
"presents",
"as",
"an",
"acute",
"systemic",
"condition",
",",
"which",
"is",
"not",
"consistent",
"with",
"the",
"chronicity",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
"in",
"this",
"patient",
".",
"Furthermore",
",",
"splenomegaly",
"is",
"not",
"a",
"specific",
"finding",
"and",
"there",
"are",
"numerous",
"infectious",
"and",
"non-infectious",
"causes",
"that",
"may",
"explain",
"it",
".",
"Unprotected",
"sexual",
"relations",
"make",
"it",
"necessary",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"HIV",
"infection",
"with",
"associated",
"opportunistic",
"infection",
",",
"with",
"germs",
"such",
"as",
"Cryptosporidium",
"or",
"Cyclospora",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"it",
"must",
"be",
"taken",
"into",
"account",
"that",
"pregnancy",
"induces",
"cellular",
"immunosuppression",
"that",
"can",
"facilitate",
"infections",
"by",
"rare",
"germs",
"such",
"as",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"Evolution",
"Based",
"on",
"the",
"above",
",",
"the",
"following",
"were",
"requested",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"microbiological",
"diagnostic",
"study",
":",
"stool",
"culture",
"in",
"which",
"Salmonella",
"non-typhi",
"was",
"isolated",
"(",
"S",
".",
"enteritidis",
",",
"R",
"to",
"nalidixic",
"acid",
",",
"MIC",
">",
"16",
"mg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
";",
"smear",
"microscopy",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
"and",
"culture",
"of",
"mycobacteria",
";",
"stool",
"parasite",
"study",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"blood",
"cultures",
"which",
"were",
"also",
"negative",
".",
"Serological",
"studies",
"including",
"HIV",
",",
"HAV",
",",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"Coxiella",
"burnetti",
",",
"Rickettsia",
"connori",
"and",
"Brucella",
"melitensis",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Water",
"and",
"electrolyte",
"supplementation",
"was",
"intensified",
",",
"and",
"a",
"progressive",
"oral",
"diet",
"was",
"started",
",",
"with",
"a",
"favourable",
"evolution",
":",
"self-limitation",
"of",
"the",
"diarrhoea",
"and",
"afebrile",
"5",
"days",
"after",
"starting",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
",",
"with",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"(",
"AFR",
")",
"in",
"control",
"analyses",
"(",
"Leukocytes",
"9000",
"/",
"microl",
"and",
"CRP",
"12",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
")",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"stool",
"isolation",
",",
"clinical",
"and",
"analytical",
"improvement",
",",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"clinical",
"signs",
"suggestive",
"of",
"septic",
"process",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"discontinue",
"empirical",
"antibiotherapy",
"7",
"days",
"after",
"its",
"initiation",
".",
"After",
"48",
"hours",
"of",
"clinical",
"observation",
",",
"she",
"was",
"discharged",
"for",
"outpatient",
"follow-up",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"\"",
"acute",
"gastroenteritis",
"due",
"to",
"Salmonella",
"non-typhi",
"\"",
"on",
"chronic",
"diarrhoea",
"following",
"a",
"trip",
"to",
"the",
"tropics",
",",
"without",
"microbiological",
"isolation",
"and",
"uterine",
"curettage",
"due",
"to",
"spontaneous",
"abortion",
".",
"Fifteen",
"days",
"later",
",",
"she",
"was",
"readmitted",
"for",
"persistent",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"asthenia",
",",
"poor",
"oral",
"intake",
"and",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"40",
"°",
"C",
",",
"with",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"sleep",
".",
"On",
"admission",
"she",
"had",
"a",
"BP",
"90",
"/",
"40",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"HR",
"110",
"bpm",
"and",
"T",
"39",
".",
"8",
"°",
"C",
".",
"On",
"examination",
"she",
"was",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
",",
"although",
"she",
"tended",
"to",
"sleep",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"neurological",
"and",
"cardiorespiratory",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"soft",
"and",
"not",
"distended",
",",
"with",
"abundant",
"peristaltic",
"sounds",
"and",
"painful",
"on",
"selective",
"palpation",
"in",
"FID",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
"or",
"hepatosplenomegaly",
".",
"Rectal",
"examination",
"showed",
"an",
"empty",
"rectal",
"ampulla",
",",
"with",
"no",
"traces",
"of",
"bleeding",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"palpable",
"adenopathies",
"or",
"skin",
"alterations",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"posteroanterior",
"and",
"lateral",
"projections",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"creatinine",
"1",
".",
"22",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"urea",
"46",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"K",
"2",
".",
"5",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"Na",
"125",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"CRP",
"116",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
",",
"amylase",
"200",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GOT",
"520",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GPT",
"180",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"FA",
"302",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GGT",
"380",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
"and",
"bilirubin",
"in",
"normal",
"range",
".",
"The",
"total",
"leukocyte",
"count",
"was",
"10",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
"with",
"600",
"lymphocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"The",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"mild",
"anaemia",
"12",
".",
"7",
"g",
"/",
"l",
"with",
"platelets",
"and",
"coagulation",
"in",
"the",
"normal",
"range",
".",
"The",
"ultrasound",
"study",
"showed",
"no",
"alterations",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"obtained",
"and",
"Salmonella",
"typhi",
"(",
"R",
"to",
"Nalidixic",
"Acid",
",",
"MIC",
">",
"16",
"mg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
"was",
"isolated",
",",
"so",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"was",
"started",
"for",
"14",
"days",
".",
"The",
"isolation",
"of",
"two",
"different",
"subtypes",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"species",
",",
"in",
"two",
"consecutive",
"admissions",
",",
"within",
"a",
"short",
"period",
"of",
"time",
"and",
"without",
"clinical",
"improvement",
",",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"typing",
"of",
"the",
"stool",
"culture",
"from",
"the",
"first",
"admission",
"with",
"MALDITOF",
",",
"which",
"was",
"finally",
"identified",
"as",
"Salmonella",
"typhy",
"with",
"the",
"same",
"antibiogram",
"as",
"the",
"blood",
"culture",
".",
"Despite",
"intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"for",
"two",
"weeks",
"with",
"a",
"negative",
"blood",
"culture",
"after",
"5",
"days",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
"with",
"daily",
"evening",
"fever",
",",
"diarrhoea",
"and",
"abdominal",
"pain",
".",
"The",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"acute",
"gastroenteritis",
"on",
"first",
"admission",
"did",
"not",
"justify",
"the",
"clinical",
"chronology",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
".",
"The",
"isolation",
"of",
"Salmonella",
"tiphy",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
"made",
"it",
"possible",
"to",
"correct",
"the",
"initial",
"diagnosis",
",",
"which",
",",
"however",
",",
"still",
"did",
"not",
"explain",
"all",
"the",
"present",
"symptoms",
",",
"due",
"to",
"both",
"the",
"duration",
"and",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"response",
"to",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
".",
"Acquired",
"resistance",
"to",
"third",
"generation",
"cephalosporins",
",",
"although",
"a",
"possibility",
",",
"is",
"extremely",
"rare",
".",
"Two",
"options",
"were",
"therefore",
"considered",
":",
"co-infection",
"by",
"an",
"unidentified",
"germ",
"or",
"extending",
"the",
"study",
"to",
"non-infectious",
"causes",
",",
"among",
"which",
"neoplastic",
"processes",
"(",
"neuroendocrine",
",",
"lymphomas",
"or",
"adenocarcinoma",
")",
"or",
"autoimmune",
"processes",
"such",
"as",
"inflammatory",
"bowel",
"disease",
"should",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"as",
"the",
"main",
"suspicions",
".",
"In",
"this",
"sense",
",",
"a",
"colonoscopy",
"was",
"proposed",
"for",
"the",
"diagnostic",
"study",
".",
"On",
"re-interrogation",
"and",
"further",
"anamnesis",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"approximately",
"20",
"kg",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"3",
"months",
",",
"with",
"a",
"current",
"BMI",
"of",
"23",
".",
"9",
"kg",
"/",
"m2",
"(",
"previous",
"BMI",
"of",
"31",
".",
"2",
"kg",
"/",
"m2",
"with",
"a",
"body",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"23",
".",
"6",
"%",
"in",
"that",
"period",
")",
".",
"Also",
",",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"he",
"had",
"profuse",
"night",
"sweats",
",",
"which",
"he",
"interpreted",
"as",
"fever",
",",
"but",
"never",
"observed",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"microbiology",
"laboratory",
"reported",
"the",
"growth",
"of",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"in",
"the",
"stool",
"sample",
"obtained",
"on",
"the",
"first",
"hospital",
"admission",
"(",
"22",
"days",
"earlier",
")",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"a",
"standard",
"regimen",
"of",
"Isoniazid",
"(",
"H",
")",
",",
"Rifampicin",
"(",
"R",
")",
"and",
"Pyrazinamide",
"(",
"Z",
")",
"(",
"Rifater",
"®",
")",
",",
"adjusted",
"to",
"weight",
".",
"One",
"week",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"showed",
"evident",
"improvement",
"in",
"general",
"and",
"nutritional",
"status",
",",
"was",
"afebrile",
"with",
"resolution",
"of",
"diarrhoea",
"and",
"abdominal",
"pain",
",",
"so",
"colonoscopy",
"was",
"not",
"considered",
"necessary",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"received",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"2",
"months",
"of",
"HRZ",
"and",
"7",
"months",
"of",
"HR",
",",
"with",
"regular",
"outpatient",
"visits",
",",
"favourable",
"evolution",
",",
"negative",
"stool",
"culture",
"at",
"one",
"month",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"and",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"extraintestinal",
"involvement",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Intestinal",
"tuberculosis",
"and",
"typhoid",
"fever",
"and",
"associated",
"protein-calorie",
"malnutrition",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 87,
"end": 95
},
{
"text": "friends",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 669,
"end": 676
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 507,
"end": 513
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 681,
"end": 690
},
{
"text": "husband",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 803,
"end": 810
},
{
"text": "marriage",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 532,
"end": 540
},
{
"text": "marriage",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 817,
"end": 825
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1890,
"end": 1899
},
{
"text": "Campylobacter jejuni",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3176,
"end": 3196
},
{
"text": "Cryptosporidium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5009,
"end": 5024
},
{
"text": "Entamoeba histolytica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3300,
"end": 3321
},
{
"text": "Entamoeba histolytica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3857,
"end": 3878
},
{
"text": "Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3106,
"end": 3138
},
{
"text": "enteroaggregative Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3140,
"end": 3174
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5182,
"end": 5208
},
{
"text": "Rotavirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3272,
"end": 3281
},
{
"text": "Salmonella spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3215,
"end": 3229
},
{
"text": "Shigella spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3198,
"end": 3210
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4935,
"end": 4938
},
{
"text": "germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4995,
"end": 5000
},
{
"text": "bacterial microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3626,
"end": 3650
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2918,
"end": 2925
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3533,
"end": 3540
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4734,
"end": 4741
},
{
"text": "parasitic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3891,
"end": 3900
},
{
"text": "parasitic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4107,
"end": 4116
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3740,
"end": 3745
},
{
"text": "Norovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3261,
"end": 3270
},
{
"text": "Giardia lamblia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3283,
"end": 3298
},
{
"text": "Cyclospora",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3326,
"end": 3336
},
{
"text": "Cyclospora",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5028,
"end": 5038
},
{
"text": "traveller",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3017,
"end": 3026
},
{
"text": "Brucella melitensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5673,
"end": 5692
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetti",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5631,
"end": 5648
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia connori",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5650,
"end": 5668
},
{
"text": "Salmonella non-typhi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5342,
"end": 5362
},
{
"text": "HAV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5616,
"end": 5619
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5621,
"end": 5624
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5626,
"end": 5629
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5611,
"end": 5614
},
{
"text": "smear microscopy",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5430,
"end": 5446
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5481,
"end": 5493
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5501,
"end": 5509
},
{
"text": "S. enteritidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5377,
"end": 5391
},
{
"text": "Salmonella non-typhi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6387,
"end": 6407
},
{
"text": "microbiological isolation",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6471,
"end": 6496
},
{
"text": "Salmonella typhy",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8187,
"end": 8203
},
{
"text": "Salmonella typhi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7786,
"end": 7802
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7972,
"end": 7979
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8355,
"end": 8362
},
{
"text": "Salmonella tiphy",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8576,
"end": 8592
},
{
"text": "germ",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8977,
"end": 8981
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 9328,
"end": 9335
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 9699,
"end": 9725
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 9959,
"end": 9966
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10140,
"end": 10147
}
] | en |
A 64-year-old man, ex-smoker, with hypertension and severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, presented to our emergency department with dry cough, dyspnoea and hyperthermia of 4 days' evolution. Clinical examination was normal except for a temperature of 37.3 oC. Laboratory tests showed increased fibrinogen, D-dimer and C-reactive protein. Chest X-ray showed unilobular interstitial opacities in the right upper lobe. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was initiated and the patient was discharged 48 h later. During outpatient follow-up, the patient presented chest X-ray with extensive pulmonary opacities, lymphocytopenia and a significant increase in C-reactive protein, so he was readmitted and, to the previous treatment, methylprednisolone and a single 600 mg dose of tocilizumab were added (day 4 from the first ED visit). All markers of inflammation improved, but D-dimer increased significantly to 4640μg/L, so that 7 days after admission (day 11 from symptom onset), a CT scan was performed to look for acute pulmonary oedema (ALE), which showed a floating thrombus in the mid-segment of the descending aorta. Treatment with LMWH at an antithrombotic dose was initiated. On a follow-up CT angiography 17 days later, no aortic thrombus was found.
| [
"",
"A",
"64-year-old",
"man",
",",
"ex-smoker",
",",
"with",
"hypertension",
"and",
"severe",
"obstructive",
"sleep",
"apnoea",
"syndrome",
",",
"presented",
"to",
"our",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"dry",
"cough",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"hyperthermia",
"of",
"4",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"Clinical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
"except",
"for",
"a",
"temperature",
"of",
"37",
".",
"3",
"oC",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"increased",
"fibrinogen",
",",
"D-dimer",
"and",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"unilobular",
"interstitial",
"opacities",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"and",
"azithromycin",
"was",
"initiated",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"48",
"h",
"later",
".",
"During",
"outpatient",
"follow-up",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"with",
"extensive",
"pulmonary",
"opacities",
",",
"lymphocytopenia",
"and",
"a",
"significant",
"increase",
"in",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
",",
"so",
"he",
"was",
"readmitted",
"and",
",",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"treatment",
",",
"methylprednisolone",
"and",
"a",
"single",
"600",
"mg",
"dose",
"of",
"tocilizumab",
"were",
"added",
"(",
"day",
"4",
"from",
"the",
"first",
"ED",
"visit",
")",
".",
"All",
"markers",
"of",
"inflammation",
"improved",
",",
"but",
"D-dimer",
"increased",
"significantly",
"to",
"4640μg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"so",
"that",
"7",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
"(",
"day",
"11",
"from",
"symptom",
"onset",
")",
",",
"a",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"look",
"for",
"acute",
"pulmonary",
"oedema",
"(",
"ALE",
")",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"floating",
"thrombus",
"in",
"the",
"mid-segment",
"of",
"the",
"descending",
"aorta",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"LMWH",
"at",
"an",
"antithrombotic",
"dose",
"was",
"initiated",
".",
"On",
"a",
"follow-up",
"CT",
"angiography",
"17",
"days",
"later",
",",
"no",
"aortic",
"thrombus",
"was",
"found",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 495,
"end": 502
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 563,
"end": 570
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
34-year-old man, with no known drug allergies or pathological history of interest. He consulted in April 2017 for a skin lesion of 2 months' evolution on the left inner thigh and painful bilateral inguinal adenopathies. She denied fever or other accompanying systemic symptoms. He had been treated with topical mupirocin for 10 days, prescribed by his primary care physician, with no improvement of the skin lesion.
The patient had worked as a teacher in Côte d'Ivoire for the previous 2 years, where he had been bitten by several mosquitoes and insects, and had arrived in Barcelona 3 months previously. He reported that a neighbour of his in Côte d'Ivoire had developed a chronic pretibial ulcer lasting more than 4 weeks, which she had finally healed on her own, with whom she had shared towels, kitchen utensils... but they had not had any intimate contact. She also explained that during the last 3 months since her arrival in Barcelona she had had 12 sexual contacts, one of them risky and unprotected, with a partner with HIV infection.
Physical examination
There was an erythematous, indurated, warm plaque with a central superficial ulceration on the inner surface of the left thigh, approximately 8 cm in diameter. Multiple bilateral inguinal adenopathies were palpable, mobile, soft, inflammatory, painful on palpation.
Complementary examinations
One month before coming to our clinic she had consulted a reference centre for tropical infections, where she had undergone a blood test with no abnormalities, liver and kidney biochemistry with no findings, negative serology for HIV, hepatitis C and B virus and treponemal tests (HAART), a urine sediment with no findings, a negative stool parasite analysis and a negative tuberculin test.
A skin biopsy showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis, with foci of hyperkeratosis and a dense inflammatory infiltrate throughout the dermis, polymorphous, consisting of histiocytic cells of epithelioid habitus, lymphocytes and abundant plasma cells, with no well-constituted granulomas. The vessels showed a prominent endothelium. Immunohistochemistry using anti-Treponema antibody showed the presence of abundant spirochetes in both the dermal and epidermal components, with an epitheliotropic and perivascular pattern. The skin biopsy culture was negative for bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria.
The blood tests were also repeated. The serology on this occasion showed a positive RPR reaginic test at a titre of 1:16 and the TPHA treponemal tests were positive, showing seroconversion.
Diagnosis
The patient was diagnosed with a luetic primoinfection with an extragenital chancre on the left thigh.
Treatment
The patient was treated with a dose of penicillin G benzathine 2,400,000 IU intramuscularly.
Evolution
After 2 weeks the skin lesion had healed, with lymphadenopathy persisting for a further 4 weeks. RPR serology after 3 months was positive at 1:4 and negative after 6 months.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"34-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
"or",
"pathological",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"He",
"consulted",
"in",
"April",
"2017",
"for",
"a",
"skin",
"lesion",
"of",
"2",
"months",
"'",
"evolution",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"inner",
"thigh",
"and",
"painful",
"bilateral",
"inguinal",
"adenopathies",
".",
"She",
"denied",
"fever",
"or",
"other",
"accompanying",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
".",
"He",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"topical",
"mupirocin",
"for",
"10",
"days",
",",
"prescribed",
"by",
"his",
"primary",
"care",
"physician",
",",
"with",
"no",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"skin",
"lesion",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"worked",
"as",
"a",
"teacher",
"in",
"Côte",
"d",
"'",
"Ivoire",
"for",
"the",
"previous",
"2",
"years",
",",
"where",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"bitten",
"by",
"several",
"mosquitoes",
"and",
"insects",
",",
"and",
"had",
"arrived",
"in",
"Barcelona",
"3",
"months",
"previously",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"that",
"a",
"neighbour",
"of",
"his",
"in",
"Côte",
"d",
"'",
"Ivoire",
"had",
"developed",
"a",
"chronic",
"pretibial",
"ulcer",
"lasting",
"more",
"than",
"4",
"weeks",
",",
"which",
"she",
"had",
"finally",
"healed",
"on",
"her",
"own",
",",
"with",
"whom",
"she",
"had",
"shared",
"towels",
",",
"kitchen",
"utensils",
".",
".",
".",
"but",
"they",
"had",
"not",
"had",
"any",
"intimate",
"contact",
".",
"She",
"also",
"explained",
"that",
"during",
"the",
"last",
"3",
"months",
"since",
"her",
"arrival",
"in",
"Barcelona",
"she",
"had",
"had",
"12",
"sexual",
"contacts",
",",
"one",
"of",
"them",
"risky",
"and",
"unprotected",
",",
"with",
"a",
"partner",
"with",
"HIV",
"infection",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"There",
"was",
"an",
"erythematous",
",",
"indurated",
",",
"warm",
"plaque",
"with",
"a",
"central",
"superficial",
"ulceration",
"on",
"the",
"inner",
"surface",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"thigh",
",",
"approximately",
"8",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
".",
"Multiple",
"bilateral",
"inguinal",
"adenopathies",
"were",
"palpable",
",",
"mobile",
",",
"soft",
",",
"inflammatory",
",",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"One",
"month",
"before",
"coming",
"to",
"our",
"clinic",
"she",
"had",
"consulted",
"a",
"reference",
"centre",
"for",
"tropical",
"infections",
",",
"where",
"she",
"had",
"undergone",
"a",
"blood",
"test",
"with",
"no",
"abnormalities",
",",
"liver",
"and",
"kidney",
"biochemistry",
"with",
"no",
"findings",
",",
"negative",
"serology",
"for",
"HIV",
",",
"hepatitis",
"C",
"and",
"B",
"virus",
"and",
"treponemal",
"tests",
"(",
"HAART",
")",
",",
"a",
"urine",
"sediment",
"with",
"no",
"findings",
",",
"a",
"negative",
"stool",
"parasite",
"analysis",
"and",
"a",
"negative",
"tuberculin",
"test",
".",
"A",
"skin",
"biopsy",
"showed",
"pseudoepitheliomatous",
"hyperplasia",
"of",
"the",
"epidermis",
",",
"with",
"foci",
"of",
"hyperkeratosis",
"and",
"a",
"dense",
"inflammatory",
"infiltrate",
"throughout",
"the",
"dermis",
",",
"polymorphous",
",",
"consisting",
"of",
"histiocytic",
"cells",
"of",
"epithelioid",
"habitus",
",",
"lymphocytes",
"and",
"abundant",
"plasma",
"cells",
",",
"with",
"no",
"well-constituted",
"granulomas",
".",
"The",
"vessels",
"showed",
"a",
"prominent",
"endothelium",
".",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"using",
"anti-Treponema",
"antibody",
"showed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"abundant",
"spirochetes",
"in",
"both",
"the",
"dermal",
"and",
"epidermal",
"components",
",",
"with",
"an",
"epitheliotropic",
"and",
"perivascular",
"pattern",
".",
"The",
"skin",
"biopsy",
"culture",
"was",
"negative",
"for",
"bacteria",
",",
"fungi",
"and",
"mycobacteria",
".",
"The",
"blood",
"tests",
"were",
"also",
"repeated",
".",
"The",
"serology",
"on",
"this",
"occasion",
"showed",
"a",
"positive",
"RPR",
"reaginic",
"test",
"at",
"a",
"titre",
"of",
"1",
":",
"16",
"and",
"the",
"TPHA",
"treponemal",
"tests",
"were",
"positive",
",",
"showing",
"seroconversion",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"a",
"luetic",
"primoinfection",
"with",
"an",
"extragenital",
"chancre",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"thigh",
".",
"Treatment",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"penicillin",
"G",
"benzathine",
"2",
",",
"400",
",",
"000",
"IU",
"intramuscularly",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"2",
"weeks",
"the",
"skin",
"lesion",
"had",
"healed",
",",
"with",
"lymphadenopathy",
"persisting",
"for",
"a",
"further",
"4",
"weeks",
".",
"RPR",
"serology",
"after",
"3",
"months",
"was",
"positive",
"at",
"1",
":",
"4",
"and",
"negative",
"after",
"6",
"months",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 25
},
{
"text": "primary care physician",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 362,
"end": 384
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1039,
"end": 1042
},
{
"text": "contacts",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 974,
"end": 982
},
{
"text": "insects",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 556,
"end": 563
},
{
"text": "mosquitoes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 541,
"end": 551
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 430,
"end": 437
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1026,
"end": 1033
},
{
"text": "teacher",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 454,
"end": 461
},
{
"text": "neighbour",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 634,
"end": 643
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1600,
"end": 1603
},
{
"text": "HAART",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1651,
"end": 1656
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1711,
"end": 1719
},
{
"text": "treponemal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1633,
"end": 1643
},
{
"text": "tuberculin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1744,
"end": 1754
},
{
"text": "hepatitis C and B virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1605,
"end": 1628
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2342,
"end": 2350
},
{
"text": "spirochetes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2194,
"end": 2205
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2352,
"end": 2357
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2362,
"end": 2374
},
{
"text": "Treponema",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2143,
"end": 2152
},
{
"text": "TPHA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2505,
"end": 2509
},
{
"text": "treponemal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2510,
"end": 2520
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2581,
"end": 2588
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2695,
"end": 2702
}
] | en |
Clinical case. The patient was an 86-year-old woman who lived in a flat in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, where she lived with seven cats. She consulted for asthenia and adynamia associated with muscle tremors and disorientation. For 48 hours she had been receiving treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corisopradol for painful cervical osteoarthritis. She had no history of drug allergies, diabetes, hypertension or tuberculosis.
On physical examination she was lucid, responded to verbal commands and was able to move all four limbs. There were no signs of acute neurological or meningeal foci, no wounds or skin or soft tissue infections at the time of consultation. She presented with a soft, depressible and painless abdomen; axillary temperature of 37.3°C; dry skin and mucous membranes; and reported hyporexia. Electrocardiographic examination showed R1-R2 in 4 foci, with no signs of pump failure. On auscultation, there were no associated sounds. The patient was at that time under study due to the presence of mammary nodules, under surgical planning. Laboratory tests showed the following results: haemoglobin 10.8 mg/dl, haematocrit 32%, platelets 76,000/mm3, urea 101 mg/dl, creatinine 2.17mg/dl, sodium 134 mEq/l, potassium 3.4 mEq/l, chlorides 95.7mEq/l and leucocytes 5,200/mm3.
Initially, acute renal failure was diagnosed and admission to a medical clinic was indicated. 24 hours after admission, she was reactive but disoriented in time and with hypoacusis; she could move all four limbs, but had pain on cervical mobilisation and halocranial headache, neck stiffness and contracture of the neck muscles. He had a negative Babinski's sign and preserved osteotendinous reflexes, as well as ocular mobility. Tramadol and diazepam were prescribed. A computed axial tomography scan was performed, which showed no recent bleeding or deviation of midline structures. A lumbar puncture was performed and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained was sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture and to the general laboratory for cytochemistry. Two blood cultures were also obtained. Glycaemia was undetectable, in contrast to a blood glucose of 110 mg/dl. Proteinorrache was 95mg/dl, chlorides 120 mEq/l and cells 30/mm3 with a predominance of neutrophils (11,000 leukocytes/mm3 in blood, 83% segmented). Empirical treatment was started with ceftriaxone (1g /12 h), ampicillin (3 g/6 h) and dexamethasone (8 mg/d), all intravenously for 14 days. The patient evolved favourably and after 8 days, once haemodynamic stability was achieved and she was afebrile, she was discharged with follow-up by the Infectious Diseases Department.
Microbiological studies. CSF: Gram stain showed few gram-negative coccobacilli. The sample was seeded on soy trypticase agar with 5% sheep blood, on chocolate agar and in a blood culture bottle (Bact/Alert, bioMérieux, Marcy l "Étoile, France). After 24 h of incubation, greyish-white colonies 1-2 mm in diameter, non haemolytic, with spermaceous odour were observed, which corresponded to gram-negative coccobacilli by Gram staining. The blood culture bottle was positive at 11.5 h, also with gram-negative coccobacilli. Blood: two blood cultures were obtained in standard Bact/Alert bottles. These were positive at 3.7 and 10.8 h and Gram staining also showed gram-negative coccobacilli. Subculture was performed on soy agartrypticase with 5% sheep blood and on chocolate agar, and similar colonies were obtained as in the CSF culture. Identification: blood culture and CSF isolates were identified as P. multocida by API 20NE, API 20E, by Vitek 1 (bioMérieux, Marcyl "Étoile, France) and by additional tests.
Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the epsilometric method according to the manufacturer's recommendations (E test, AB-Biodisk, Solna, Sweden); Mueller Hinton agar with 5% sheep blood was used, inoculum was equivalent to McFarland turbidity standard 1; temperature, atmosphere and incubation time of 35°C, 5-10% CO2 and 48 h, respectively. The strain, according to CLSI cut-off points, was sensitive to the following antibiotics: penicillin 0.032 μg/ml, ceftriaxone 0.003 μg/ml, levofloxacin 0.025 μg/ml and tetracycline 0.032 μg/ml. Detection of β-lactamase by nitrocefin test was also performed, with negative result.
| [
"Clinical",
"case",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"an",
"86-year-old",
"woman",
"who",
"lived",
"in",
"a",
"flat",
"in",
"the",
"Autonomous",
"City",
"of",
"Buenos",
"Aires",
",",
"where",
"she",
"lived",
"with",
"seven",
"cats",
".",
"She",
"consulted",
"for",
"asthenia",
"and",
"adynamia",
"associated",
"with",
"muscle",
"tremors",
"and",
"disorientation",
".",
"For",
"48",
"hours",
"she",
"had",
"been",
"receiving",
"treatment",
"with",
"non-steroidal",
"anti-inflammatory",
"drugs",
"and",
"corisopradol",
"for",
"painful",
"cervical",
"osteoarthritis",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"history",
"of",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"diabetes",
",",
"hypertension",
"or",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
"she",
"was",
"lucid",
",",
"responded",
"to",
"verbal",
"commands",
"and",
"was",
"able",
"to",
"move",
"all",
"four",
"limbs",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"acute",
"neurological",
"or",
"meningeal",
"foci",
",",
"no",
"wounds",
"or",
"skin",
"or",
"soft",
"tissue",
"infections",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"consultation",
".",
"She",
"presented",
"with",
"a",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
"and",
"painless",
"abdomen",
";",
"axillary",
"temperature",
"of",
"37",
".",
"3",
"°",
"C",
";",
"dry",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
";",
"and",
"reported",
"hyporexia",
".",
"Electrocardiographic",
"examination",
"showed",
"R1-R2",
"in",
"4",
"foci",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"pump",
"failure",
".",
"On",
"auscultation",
",",
"there",
"were",
"no",
"associated",
"sounds",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"at",
"that",
"time",
"under",
"study",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"mammary",
"nodules",
",",
"under",
"surgical",
"planning",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"the",
"following",
"results",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"10",
".",
"8",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"haematocrit",
"32",
"%",
",",
"platelets",
"76",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"urea",
"101",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"2",
".",
"17mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"sodium",
"134",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"potassium",
"3",
".",
"4",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"chlorides",
"95",
".",
"7mEq",
"/",
"l",
"and",
"leucocytes",
"5",
",",
"200",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"Initially",
",",
"acute",
"renal",
"failure",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"and",
"admission",
"to",
"a",
"medical",
"clinic",
"was",
"indicated",
".",
"24",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"she",
"was",
"reactive",
"but",
"disoriented",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"with",
"hypoacusis",
";",
"she",
"could",
"move",
"all",
"four",
"limbs",
",",
"but",
"had",
"pain",
"on",
"cervical",
"mobilisation",
"and",
"halocranial",
"headache",
",",
"neck",
"stiffness",
"and",
"contracture",
"of",
"the",
"neck",
"muscles",
".",
"He",
"had",
"a",
"negative",
"Babinski",
"'",
"s",
"sign",
"and",
"preserved",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"ocular",
"mobility",
".",
"Tramadol",
"and",
"diazepam",
"were",
"prescribed",
".",
"A",
"computed",
"axial",
"tomography",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"recent",
"bleeding",
"or",
"deviation",
"of",
"midline",
"structures",
".",
"A",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"the",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"(",
"CSF",
")",
"obtained",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"microbiology",
"laboratory",
"for",
"culture",
"and",
"to",
"the",
"general",
"laboratory",
"for",
"cytochemistry",
".",
"Two",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"also",
"obtained",
".",
"Glycaemia",
"was",
"undetectable",
",",
"in",
"contrast",
"to",
"a",
"blood",
"glucose",
"of",
"110",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Proteinorrache",
"was",
"95mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"chlorides",
"120",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
"and",
"cells",
"30",
"/",
"mm3",
"with",
"a",
"predominance",
"of",
"neutrophils",
"(",
"11",
",",
"000",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"in",
"blood",
",",
"83",
"%",
"segmented",
")",
".",
"Empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"(",
"1g",
"/",
"12",
"h",
")",
",",
"ampicillin",
"(",
"3",
"g",
"/",
"6",
"h",
")",
"and",
"dexamethasone",
"(",
"8",
"mg",
"/",
"d",
")",
",",
"all",
"intravenously",
"for",
"14",
"days",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"evolved",
"favourably",
"and",
"after",
"8",
"days",
",",
"once",
"haemodynamic",
"stability",
"was",
"achieved",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"afebrile",
",",
"she",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"follow-up",
"by",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Department",
".",
"Microbiological",
"studies",
".",
"CSF",
":",
"Gram",
"stain",
"showed",
"few",
"gram-negative",
"coccobacilli",
".",
"The",
"sample",
"was",
"seeded",
"on",
"soy",
"trypticase",
"agar",
"with",
"5",
"%",
"sheep",
"blood",
",",
"on",
"chocolate",
"agar",
"and",
"in",
"a",
"blood",
"culture",
"bottle",
"(",
"Bact",
"/",
"Alert",
",",
"bioMérieux",
",",
"Marcy",
"l",
"\"",
"Étoile",
",",
"France",
")",
".",
"After",
"24",
"h",
"of",
"incubation",
",",
"greyish-white",
"colonies",
"1-2",
"mm",
"in",
"diameter",
",",
"non",
"haemolytic",
",",
"with",
"spermaceous",
"odour",
"were",
"observed",
",",
"which",
"corresponded",
"to",
"gram-negative",
"coccobacilli",
"by",
"Gram",
"staining",
".",
"The",
"blood",
"culture",
"bottle",
"was",
"positive",
"at",
"11",
".",
"5",
"h",
",",
"also",
"with",
"gram-negative",
"coccobacilli",
".",
"Blood",
":",
"two",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"obtained",
"in",
"standard",
"Bact",
"/",
"Alert",
"bottles",
".",
"These",
"were",
"positive",
"at",
"3",
".",
"7",
"and",
"10",
".",
"8",
"h",
"and",
"Gram",
"staining",
"also",
"showed",
"gram-negative",
"coccobacilli",
".",
"Subculture",
"was",
"performed",
"on",
"soy",
"agartrypticase",
"with",
"5",
"%",
"sheep",
"blood",
"and",
"on",
"chocolate",
"agar",
",",
"and",
"similar",
"colonies",
"were",
"obtained",
"as",
"in",
"the",
"CSF",
"culture",
".",
"Identification",
":",
"blood",
"culture",
"and",
"CSF",
"isolates",
"were",
"identified",
"as",
"P",
".",
"multocida",
"by",
"API",
"20NE",
",",
"API",
"20E",
",",
"by",
"Vitek",
"1",
"(",
"bioMérieux",
",",
"Marcyl",
"\"",
"Étoile",
",",
"France",
")",
"and",
"by",
"additional",
"tests",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"sensitivity",
"was",
"determined",
"by",
"the",
"epsilometric",
"method",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"manufacturer",
"'",
"s",
"recommendations",
"(",
"E",
"test",
",",
"AB-Biodisk",
",",
"Solna",
",",
"Sweden",
")",
";",
"Mueller",
"Hinton",
"agar",
"with",
"5",
"%",
"sheep",
"blood",
"was",
"used",
",",
"inoculum",
"was",
"equivalent",
"to",
"McFarland",
"turbidity",
"standard",
"1",
";",
"temperature",
",",
"atmosphere",
"and",
"incubation",
"time",
"of",
"35",
"°",
"C",
",",
"5-10",
"%",
"CO2",
"and",
"48",
"h",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"The",
"strain",
",",
"according",
"to",
"CLSI",
"cut-off",
"points",
",",
"was",
"sensitive",
"to",
"the",
"following",
"antibiotics",
":",
"penicillin",
"0",
".",
"032",
"μg",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"ceftriaxone",
"0",
".",
"003",
"μg",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"levofloxacin",
"0",
".",
"025",
"μg",
"/",
"ml",
"and",
"tetracycline",
"0",
".",
"032",
"μg",
"/",
"ml",
".",
"Detection",
"of",
"β-lactamase",
"by",
"nitrocefin",
"test",
"was",
"also",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"result",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "cats",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 139,
"end": 143
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 46,
"end": 51
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 987,
"end": 994
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2490,
"end": 2497
},
{
"text": "gram-negative coccobacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2723,
"end": 2749
},
{
"text": "gram-negative coccobacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3061,
"end": 3087
},
{
"text": "gram-negative coccobacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3165,
"end": 3191
},
{
"text": "gram-negative coccobacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3333,
"end": 3359
},
{
"text": "colonies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2956,
"end": 2964
},
{
"text": "colonies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3463,
"end": 3471
},
{
"text": "P. multocida",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3575,
"end": 3587
},
{
"text": "strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4033,
"end": 4039
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
47-year-old woman allergic to iodine, social smoker, operated on for varicose veins, two caesarean sections and a gluteal abscess. No other medical history of interest or usual treatment. Lives with her husband and three children, works as a teacher.
As a result of iron deficiency anaemia that had been evolving for a year and had not improved despite oral ferrotherapy, a colonoscopy was performed in January 2017. This revealed a neoformation 60 cm from the anal margin with a positive biopsy for adenocarcinoma. A CT scan of the body and MRI of the liver revealed the presence of at least four liver metastases in both lobes, the largest of which was 15 mm in diameter.
Given the results, it was initially decided to perform surgery on the primary and, depending on the intraoperative findings, to also perform surgery on the liver metastases. In February 2017, a laparoscopic sigmoidectomy was performed with intraoperative ultrasound, where multiple liver metastases were observed; at least 3 in the left hepatic lobe and 5 small ones in the right, so no action was taken on them. The anatomopathological study of the surgical specimen confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon (pT3), with metastases in 5 of the 30 resected lymph nodes (pN2a); without loss of expression of repair proteins and with mutation in exon 2 of KRAS.
After surgery, the case was presented in a multidisciplinary session, deciding on perioperative chemotherapy treatment and assessing the resection of the liver metastases depending on the response. In March 2017 he began treatment with XELOX, which he received for 4 cycles. In the re-evaluation CT and MRI scan, hepatic progression was observed, so 2nd line with FOLFIRI-aflibercept was started. After 6 cycles, a serological and radiological response was observed and, in November 2017, metastasectomy of the liver lesions was performed. Initially, the patient had a good evolution, but on the 2nd postoperative day, he began to show haemodynamic instability.
Physical examination
At the time of our assessment on the General Surgery ward, the patient presented with BP 69/40 mm Hg, heart rate 120 bpm, tachypnoea at rest, mucocutaneous pallor, poor distal perfusion and nausea. The abdomen is soft, there is no peritonism and the abdominal drainage debit remains unchanged.
Additional tests
An urgent CT scan was requested in which no acute post-surgical complications were seen, but moderate pericardial effusion was observed which, on transthoracic ultrasound, led to cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed with evacuation of 380 ml of serohaematic fluid with exudate characteristics (pH < 7.2, LDH, high protein and cholesterol, low glucose) and with a large number of red blood cells and leukocytes (90% polymorphonuclear). He progressed favourably, but a month later the effusion recurred, this time with associated pleural effusion. On this occasion, a new pericardiocentesis and pleuropericardial window were required. Troponins were normal at all times.
Due to the unusual nature of the picture, with a pericardial fluid negative for malignant cells, the study was completed with numerous tests. The immunological study with antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor and complement were normal. In addition, the presence of markers suggestive of lymphoma in the pericardial fluid was ruled out. Serologies for Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Entamoeba histolytica, Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, varicella zoster virus and parvovirus B19 were negative. However, a positive rose Bengal test for Brucella, Coombs' test and agglutinations were also positive with a titre of 1/40.
Diagnosis
In this context, a diagnosis of pericardial effusion secondary to brucellosis was established in a patient with a history of pT3 pN2a pM1 (hepatic) colon adenocarcinoma pT3 pN2a pM1, with mutation in exon 2 of KRAS.
Treatment
Based on these findings, treatment with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine was started, but hydroxychloroquine was discontinued after three months due to alterations in liver function tests.
Evolution
After 6 months of treatment, the serology was negative (titre 1/20) and the pericardial effusion did not recur.
Regarding the oncological disease, she continued to be monitored without evidence of disease until July 2018, when a liver and lymph node relapse was documented. Treatment was resumed with FOLFIRI-aflibercept, of which she has received 18 cycles to date with grade 2 thrombopenia as the only toxicity. At the last PET scan in March 2019, the disease is stable.
The patient maintains ECOG 0, has an active life, continues to teach English to her students and travels once a year to Australia where her adoptive family lives.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"47-year-old",
"woman",
"allergic",
"to",
"iodine",
",",
"social",
"smoker",
",",
"operated",
"on",
"for",
"varicose",
"veins",
",",
"two",
"caesarean",
"sections",
"and",
"a",
"gluteal",
"abscess",
".",
"No",
"other",
"medical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"or",
"usual",
"treatment",
".",
"Lives",
"with",
"her",
"husband",
"and",
"three",
"children",
",",
"works",
"as",
"a",
"teacher",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"iron",
"deficiency",
"anaemia",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"evolving",
"for",
"a",
"year",
"and",
"had",
"not",
"improved",
"despite",
"oral",
"ferrotherapy",
",",
"a",
"colonoscopy",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"January",
"2017",
".",
"This",
"revealed",
"a",
"neoformation",
"60",
"cm",
"from",
"the",
"anal",
"margin",
"with",
"a",
"positive",
"biopsy",
"for",
"adenocarcinoma",
".",
"A",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"body",
"and",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"liver",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"at",
"least",
"four",
"liver",
"metastases",
"in",
"both",
"lobes",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"15",
"mm",
"in",
"diameter",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"results",
",",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"surgery",
"on",
"the",
"primary",
"and",
",",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"intraoperative",
"findings",
",",
"to",
"also",
"perform",
"surgery",
"on",
"the",
"liver",
"metastases",
".",
"In",
"February",
"2017",
",",
"a",
"laparoscopic",
"sigmoidectomy",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"intraoperative",
"ultrasound",
",",
"where",
"multiple",
"liver",
"metastases",
"were",
"observed",
";",
"at",
"least",
"3",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hepatic",
"lobe",
"and",
"5",
"small",
"ones",
"in",
"the",
"right",
",",
"so",
"no",
"action",
"was",
"taken",
"on",
"them",
".",
"The",
"anatomopathological",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"specimen",
"confirmed",
"adenocarcinoma",
"of",
"the",
"colon",
"(",
"pT3",
")",
",",
"with",
"metastases",
"in",
"5",
"of",
"the",
"30",
"resected",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"(",
"pN2a",
")",
";",
"without",
"loss",
"of",
"expression",
"of",
"repair",
"proteins",
"and",
"with",
"mutation",
"in",
"exon",
"2",
"of",
"KRAS",
".",
"After",
"surgery",
",",
"the",
"case",
"was",
"presented",
"in",
"a",
"multidisciplinary",
"session",
",",
"deciding",
"on",
"perioperative",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
"and",
"assessing",
"the",
"resection",
"of",
"the",
"liver",
"metastases",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"response",
".",
"In",
"March",
"2017",
"he",
"began",
"treatment",
"with",
"XELOX",
",",
"which",
"he",
"received",
"for",
"4",
"cycles",
".",
"In",
"the",
"re-evaluation",
"CT",
"and",
"MRI",
"scan",
",",
"hepatic",
"progression",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"so",
"2nd",
"line",
"with",
"FOLFIRI-aflibercept",
"was",
"started",
".",
"After",
"6",
"cycles",
",",
"a",
"serological",
"and",
"radiological",
"response",
"was",
"observed",
"and",
",",
"in",
"November",
"2017",
",",
"metastasectomy",
"of",
"the",
"liver",
"lesions",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"Initially",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"good",
"evolution",
",",
"but",
"on",
"the",
"2nd",
"postoperative",
"day",
",",
"he",
"began",
"to",
"show",
"haemodynamic",
"instability",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"At",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"our",
"assessment",
"on",
"the",
"General",
"Surgery",
"ward",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"BP",
"69",
"/",
"40",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"heart",
"rate",
"120",
"bpm",
",",
"tachypnoea",
"at",
"rest",
",",
"mucocutaneous",
"pallor",
",",
"poor",
"distal",
"perfusion",
"and",
"nausea",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"is",
"soft",
",",
"there",
"is",
"no",
"peritonism",
"and",
"the",
"abdominal",
"drainage",
"debit",
"remains",
"unchanged",
".",
"Additional",
"tests",
"An",
"urgent",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"requested",
"in",
"which",
"no",
"acute",
"post-surgical",
"complications",
"were",
"seen",
",",
"but",
"moderate",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"was",
"observed",
"which",
",",
"on",
"transthoracic",
"ultrasound",
",",
"led",
"to",
"cardiac",
"tamponade",
".",
"Pericardiocentesis",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"evacuation",
"of",
"380",
"ml",
"of",
"serohaematic",
"fluid",
"with",
"exudate",
"characteristics",
"(",
"pH",
"<",
"7",
".",
"2",
",",
"LDH",
",",
"high",
"protein",
"and",
"cholesterol",
",",
"low",
"glucose",
")",
"and",
"with",
"a",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
"and",
"leukocytes",
"(",
"90",
"%",
"polymorphonuclear",
")",
".",
"He",
"progressed",
"favourably",
",",
"but",
"a",
"month",
"later",
"the",
"effusion",
"recurred",
",",
"this",
"time",
"with",
"associated",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"On",
"this",
"occasion",
",",
"a",
"new",
"pericardiocentesis",
"and",
"pleuropericardial",
"window",
"were",
"required",
".",
"Troponins",
"were",
"normal",
"at",
"all",
"times",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"unusual",
"nature",
"of",
"the",
"picture",
",",
"with",
"a",
"pericardial",
"fluid",
"negative",
"for",
"malignant",
"cells",
",",
"the",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"numerous",
"tests",
".",
"The",
"immunological",
"study",
"with",
"antinuclear",
"antibodies",
",",
"rheumatoid",
"factor",
"and",
"complement",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"markers",
"suggestive",
"of",
"lymphoma",
"in",
"the",
"pericardial",
"fluid",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
".",
"Serologies",
"for",
"Coxiella",
"burnetii",
",",
"Bartonella",
"henselae",
",",
"Borrelia",
"burgdorferi",
",",
"Entamoeba",
"histolytica",
",",
"Toxoplasma",
"gondii",
",",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
"1",
"and",
"2",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
",",
"Epstein",
"Barr",
"virus",
",",
"varicella",
"zoster",
"virus",
"and",
"parvovirus",
"B19",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"However",
",",
"a",
"positive",
"rose",
"Bengal",
"test",
"for",
"Brucella",
",",
"Coombs",
"'",
"test",
"and",
"agglutinations",
"were",
"also",
"positive",
"with",
"a",
"titre",
"of",
"1",
"/",
"40",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"In",
"this",
"context",
",",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"secondary",
"to",
"brucellosis",
"was",
"established",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"pT3",
"pN2a",
"pM1",
"(",
"hepatic",
")",
"colon",
"adenocarcinoma",
"pT3",
"pN2a",
"pM1",
",",
"with",
"mutation",
"in",
"exon",
"2",
"of",
"KRAS",
".",
"Treatment",
"Based",
"on",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"doxycycline",
"and",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"was",
"started",
",",
"but",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"was",
"discontinued",
"after",
"three",
"months",
"due",
"to",
"alterations",
"in",
"liver",
"function",
"tests",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"6",
"months",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"serology",
"was",
"negative",
"(",
"titre",
"1",
"/",
"20",
")",
"and",
"the",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"did",
"not",
"recur",
".",
"Regarding",
"the",
"oncological",
"disease",
",",
"she",
"continued",
"to",
"be",
"monitored",
"without",
"evidence",
"of",
"disease",
"until",
"July",
"2018",
",",
"when",
"a",
"liver",
"and",
"lymph",
"node",
"relapse",
"was",
"documented",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"resumed",
"with",
"FOLFIRI-aflibercept",
",",
"of",
"which",
"she",
"has",
"received",
"18",
"cycles",
"to",
"date",
"with",
"grade",
"2",
"thrombopenia",
"as",
"the",
"only",
"toxicity",
".",
"At",
"the",
"last",
"PET",
"scan",
"in",
"March",
"2019",
",",
"the",
"disease",
"is",
"stable",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"maintains",
"ECOG",
"0",
",",
"has",
"an",
"active",
"life",
",",
"continues",
"to",
"teach",
"English",
"to",
"her",
"students",
"and",
"travels",
"once",
"a",
"year",
"to",
"Australia",
"where",
"her",
"adoptive",
"family",
"lives",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "children",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 231,
"end": 239
},
{
"text": "husband",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 213,
"end": 220
},
{
"text": "teacher",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 252,
"end": 259
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1896,
"end": 1903
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2088,
"end": 2095
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3646,
"end": 3654
},
{
"text": "Toxoplasma gondii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3462,
"end": 3479
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3511,
"end": 3526
},
{
"text": "herpes simplex virus 1 and 2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3481,
"end": 3509
},
{
"text": "Epstein Barr virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3528,
"end": 3546
},
{
"text": "varicella zoster virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3548,
"end": 3570
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3377,
"end": 3394
},
{
"text": "Bartonella henselae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3396,
"end": 3415
},
{
"text": "Borrelia burgdorferi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3417,
"end": 3437
},
{
"text": "Entamoeba histolytica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3439,
"end": 3460
},
{
"text": "parvovirus B19",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3575,
"end": 3589
}
] | en |
We present the clinical case of a 68-year-old man with diarrhoea lasting more than 14 days and a weight loss of 8 kg in three months. His personal history included a heart transplant for ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (2005), a bicameral endocavitary pacemaker, grade IV chronic renal failure and urothelial carcinoma diagnosed a few months earlier. He was undergoing immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate, everolimus and deflazacort.
The patient attended the emergency department in June 2014, reporting four to five daily bowel movements of liquid consistency and without pathological products, together with colicky abdominal pain accentuated in the right hypochondrium and of approximately two to three weeks' evolution. She also reported a weight loss of about eight kilos in three months, which had coincided with the recent diagnosis of an untreated urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Examination revealed a distended abdomen, tympanic on percussion and painful on palpation with hypersensitivity in the right iliac fossa. With no relevant findings in the complementary tests performed in the emergency department, he was admitted for a digestive work-up which was completed with abdominal CT scan, stool culture, determination of Clostridium difficile toxin, serological studies for viral infections and colonoscopy.
The abdominal CT scan showed symmetrical thickening of the walls of the third duodenal portion with trabeculation of the adjacent fat. Digestive symptoms improved with symptomatic treatment, intravenous fluid therapy and dietary rest.
On the fifth day of admission, the patient began with a high fever and disseminated vesicular lesions affecting the extremities, trunk, face and scalp, which were very pruritic. A blood test carried out at that time revealed the following findings: 11000 leukocytes/mm3 with 9830 neutrophils/mm3, creatinine 2.4 mg/dL and C-reactive protein 244 mg/L. A chest X-ray showed an interstitial infiltrate in the right hemithorax with greater involvement of the base of the lung. In view of these findings, empirical treatment with intravenous acyclovir and levofloxacin was started and blood and sputum cultures, serological studies and a sample of exudate from one of the vesicles was taken for detection of varicella zoster (VZV) by PCR.
Differential diagnosis
The list of possible causes of diarrhoea is quite extensive. The duration of symptoms allows us to narrow down the possible options by differentiating between acute diarrhoea, lasting less than two weeks, and chronic diarrhoea, lasting more than two weeks. On the other hand, the presence of fever, chills, blood or traces of pus in the faeces are clinical data that point to an inflammatory process, usually of an infectious nature.
Infectious causes should be especially considered in immunocompromised or transplanted patients, as in our case. The probability of the different aetiologies will vary according to the time elapsed since transplantation. In long-term transplant recipients, the most frequent infections are those acquired in the community. In these patients, colonoscopy and biopsy are particularly necessary, which will provide data on the extent of the process and may also suggest other diagnoses such as inflammatory bowel disease, ischaemic colitis or neoplasia. Mycophenolate is an immunosuppressant frequently used in transplant patients whose side effects include gastroenteritis, which sometimes leads to changes in the dose to be prescribed. Finally, Clostridium difficile colitis is an option that should always be considered in this group of patients.
In the patient presented here, the duration of symptoms of more than two weeks and the absence of pathological products in the stool lead us to consider the most common causes of acute symptoms and invasive bacterial infections as unlikely. Even so, given his condition as a transplanted and immunosuppressed patient, an atypical clinical evolution of common causes of acute diarrhoea could be expected. Rare infections in immunocompetent subjects such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteritis as well as toxicities from drugs such as mycophenolate should be considered. Given his history of urothelial neoplasia and the higher incidence of tumours reported in patients with chronic immunopressor treatments, the possibility of a digestive neoplasia or a neoplasia at another level, and the diarrhoea in the latter case could be explained as a paraneoplastic symptom. Our patient also presented on the fifth day with fever and disseminated vesicular lesions, which evolved into crusts, presenting in different stages of evolution within a few days and allowing the clinical diagnosis of disseminated herpes zoster. However, at an early stage, the clinical diagnosis was not so obvious and other diagnostic hypotheses such as bullous pephingoid, erythema multiforme or exanthema medicamentosum could be put forward.
Evolution
The result of PCR for VZV in the exudate of one of the vesicles was positive. Serology showed positive IgG for VZV and negative IgM. Other serological studies requested (hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Epstein Barr virus, herpes simplex virus I and II (HSV), Yersinia, Coxiella burnetti and HIV) were negative or indicative of past infections. Stool culture and a stool Clostridium difficile toxin determination were also negative. Fever disappeared as well as acute phase reactants decreased and the number of stools per day decreased. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and inflammatory signs were found in the colon with some ulceration. Samples of colonic mucosa were taken, showing cytopathic changes and inclusion bodies compatible with viral infection. PCR was performed with a positive result for CMV (112 copies) in the histological sample and in plasma (330 copies). CMV serology showed positive IgG and negative IgM. Intravenous treatment with ganciclovir was started at a dose adjusted to renal function as well as total parenteral nutrition given the calorie-protein malnutrition and persistent diarrhoea. Mycophenolate levels were requested with results below the therapeutic range. Treatment with intravenous ganciclovir was maintained for 14 days, after which valganciclovir was started, obtaining a negative serum viral load in the first week and clinical improvement with a decrease in the number of stools, increased stool consistency and progressive oral digestive tolerance. Treatment with valganciclovir was maintained for 30 days. A few months after discharge, the patient suffered a new clinical deterioration with intense pruritus, jaundice, elevated cholestasis enzymes, hyperbilirubinaemia and data compatible with tumour of the biliary tract with intrahepatic progression. By the patient's decision, no further diagnostic or therapeutic tests were performed, and he was transferred to palliative care. The patient finally died as a consequence of tumour progression.
Final diagnosis
Cytomegalovirus enteritis. Disseminated herpes zoster.
| [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"clinical",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"68-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"diarrhoea",
"lasting",
"more",
"than",
"14",
"days",
"and",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"8",
"kg",
"in",
"three",
"months",
".",
"His",
"personal",
"history",
"included",
"a",
"heart",
"transplant",
"for",
"ischaemic",
"dilated",
"cardiomyopathy",
"(",
"2005",
")",
",",
"a",
"bicameral",
"endocavitary",
"pacemaker",
",",
"grade",
"IV",
"chronic",
"renal",
"failure",
"and",
"urothelial",
"carcinoma",
"diagnosed",
"a",
"few",
"months",
"earlier",
".",
"He",
"was",
"undergoing",
"immunosuppressive",
"therapy",
"with",
"mycophenolate",
",",
"everolimus",
"and",
"deflazacort",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"in",
"June",
"2014",
",",
"reporting",
"four",
"to",
"five",
"daily",
"bowel",
"movements",
"of",
"liquid",
"consistency",
"and",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
",",
"together",
"with",
"colicky",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"accentuated",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hypochondrium",
"and",
"of",
"approximately",
"two",
"to",
"three",
"weeks",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"She",
"also",
"reported",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"about",
"eight",
"kilos",
"in",
"three",
"months",
",",
"which",
"had",
"coincided",
"with",
"the",
"recent",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"an",
"untreated",
"urothelial",
"carcinoma",
"of",
"the",
"bladder",
".",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"distended",
"abdomen",
",",
"tympanic",
"on",
"percussion",
"and",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
"with",
"hypersensitivity",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"iliac",
"fossa",
".",
"With",
"no",
"relevant",
"findings",
"in",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"a",
"digestive",
"work-up",
"which",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"stool",
"culture",
",",
"determination",
"of",
"Clostridium",
"difficile",
"toxin",
",",
"serological",
"studies",
"for",
"viral",
"infections",
"and",
"colonoscopy",
".",
"The",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"symmetrical",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"walls",
"of",
"the",
"third",
"duodenal",
"portion",
"with",
"trabeculation",
"of",
"the",
"adjacent",
"fat",
".",
"Digestive",
"symptoms",
"improved",
"with",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
",",
"intravenous",
"fluid",
"therapy",
"and",
"dietary",
"rest",
".",
"On",
"the",
"fifth",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"with",
"a",
"high",
"fever",
"and",
"disseminated",
"vesicular",
"lesions",
"affecting",
"the",
"extremities",
",",
"trunk",
",",
"face",
"and",
"scalp",
",",
"which",
"were",
"very",
"pruritic",
".",
"A",
"blood",
"test",
"carried",
"out",
"at",
"that",
"time",
"revealed",
"the",
"following",
"findings",
":",
"11000",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"with",
"9830",
"neutrophils",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"creatinine",
"2",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"and",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"244",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"an",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hemithorax",
"with",
"greater",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"base",
"of",
"the",
"lung",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"with",
"intravenous",
"acyclovir",
"and",
"levofloxacin",
"was",
"started",
"and",
"blood",
"and",
"sputum",
"cultures",
",",
"serological",
"studies",
"and",
"a",
"sample",
"of",
"exudate",
"from",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"vesicles",
"was",
"taken",
"for",
"detection",
"of",
"varicella",
"zoster",
"(",
"VZV",
")",
"by",
"PCR",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"list",
"of",
"possible",
"causes",
"of",
"diarrhoea",
"is",
"quite",
"extensive",
".",
"The",
"duration",
"of",
"symptoms",
"allows",
"us",
"to",
"narrow",
"down",
"the",
"possible",
"options",
"by",
"differentiating",
"between",
"acute",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"lasting",
"less",
"than",
"two",
"weeks",
",",
"and",
"chronic",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"lasting",
"more",
"than",
"two",
"weeks",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"chills",
",",
"blood",
"or",
"traces",
"of",
"pus",
"in",
"the",
"faeces",
"are",
"clinical",
"data",
"that",
"point",
"to",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"process",
",",
"usually",
"of",
"an",
"infectious",
"nature",
".",
"Infectious",
"causes",
"should",
"be",
"especially",
"considered",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"or",
"transplanted",
"patients",
",",
"as",
"in",
"our",
"case",
".",
"The",
"probability",
"of",
"the",
"different",
"aetiologies",
"will",
"vary",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"time",
"elapsed",
"since",
"transplantation",
".",
"In",
"long-term",
"transplant",
"recipients",
",",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"infections",
"are",
"those",
"acquired",
"in",
"the",
"community",
".",
"In",
"these",
"patients",
",",
"colonoscopy",
"and",
"biopsy",
"are",
"particularly",
"necessary",
",",
"which",
"will",
"provide",
"data",
"on",
"the",
"extent",
"of",
"the",
"process",
"and",
"may",
"also",
"suggest",
"other",
"diagnoses",
"such",
"as",
"inflammatory",
"bowel",
"disease",
",",
"ischaemic",
"colitis",
"or",
"neoplasia",
".",
"Mycophenolate",
"is",
"an",
"immunosuppressant",
"frequently",
"used",
"in",
"transplant",
"patients",
"whose",
"side",
"effects",
"include",
"gastroenteritis",
",",
"which",
"sometimes",
"leads",
"to",
"changes",
"in",
"the",
"dose",
"to",
"be",
"prescribed",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"Clostridium",
"difficile",
"colitis",
"is",
"an",
"option",
"that",
"should",
"always",
"be",
"considered",
"in",
"this",
"group",
"of",
"patients",
".",
"In",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"here",
",",
"the",
"duration",
"of",
"symptoms",
"of",
"more",
"than",
"two",
"weeks",
"and",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"pathological",
"products",
"in",
"the",
"stool",
"lead",
"us",
"to",
"consider",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"causes",
"of",
"acute",
"symptoms",
"and",
"invasive",
"bacterial",
"infections",
"as",
"unlikely",
".",
"Even",
"so",
",",
"given",
"his",
"condition",
"as",
"a",
"transplanted",
"and",
"immunosuppressed",
"patient",
",",
"an",
"atypical",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"of",
"common",
"causes",
"of",
"acute",
"diarrhoea",
"could",
"be",
"expected",
".",
"Rare",
"infections",
"in",
"immunocompetent",
"subjects",
"such",
"as",
"cytomegalovirus",
"(",
"CMV",
")",
"enteritis",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"toxicities",
"from",
"drugs",
"such",
"as",
"mycophenolate",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
".",
"Given",
"his",
"history",
"of",
"urothelial",
"neoplasia",
"and",
"the",
"higher",
"incidence",
"of",
"tumours",
"reported",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"chronic",
"immunopressor",
"treatments",
",",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"a",
"digestive",
"neoplasia",
"or",
"a",
"neoplasia",
"at",
"another",
"level",
",",
"and",
"the",
"diarrhoea",
"in",
"the",
"latter",
"case",
"could",
"be",
"explained",
"as",
"a",
"paraneoplastic",
"symptom",
".",
"Our",
"patient",
"also",
"presented",
"on",
"the",
"fifth",
"day",
"with",
"fever",
"and",
"disseminated",
"vesicular",
"lesions",
",",
"which",
"evolved",
"into",
"crusts",
",",
"presenting",
"in",
"different",
"stages",
"of",
"evolution",
"within",
"a",
"few",
"days",
"and",
"allowing",
"the",
"clinical",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"disseminated",
"herpes",
"zoster",
".",
"However",
",",
"at",
"an",
"early",
"stage",
",",
"the",
"clinical",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"not",
"so",
"obvious",
"and",
"other",
"diagnostic",
"hypotheses",
"such",
"as",
"bullous",
"pephingoid",
",",
"erythema",
"multiforme",
"or",
"exanthema",
"medicamentosum",
"could",
"be",
"put",
"forward",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"result",
"of",
"PCR",
"for",
"VZV",
"in",
"the",
"exudate",
"of",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"vesicles",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"Serology",
"showed",
"positive",
"IgG",
"for",
"VZV",
"and",
"negative",
"IgM",
".",
"Other",
"serological",
"studies",
"requested",
"(",
"hepatitis",
"A",
",",
"hepatitis",
"B",
",",
"hepatitis",
"C",
",",
"Epstein",
"Barr",
"virus",
",",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
"I",
"and",
"II",
"(",
"HSV",
")",
",",
"Yersinia",
",",
"Coxiella",
"burnetti",
"and",
"HIV",
")",
"were",
"negative",
"or",
"indicative",
"of",
"past",
"infections",
".",
"Stool",
"culture",
"and",
"a",
"stool",
"Clostridium",
"difficile",
"toxin",
"determination",
"were",
"also",
"negative",
".",
"Fever",
"disappeared",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"decreased",
"and",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"stools",
"per",
"day",
"decreased",
".",
"Upper",
"and",
"lower",
"gastrointestinal",
"endoscopy",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
"were",
"found",
"in",
"the",
"colon",
"with",
"some",
"ulceration",
".",
"Samples",
"of",
"colonic",
"mucosa",
"were",
"taken",
",",
"showing",
"cytopathic",
"changes",
"and",
"inclusion",
"bodies",
"compatible",
"with",
"viral",
"infection",
".",
"PCR",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"a",
"positive",
"result",
"for",
"CMV",
"(",
"112",
"copies",
")",
"in",
"the",
"histological",
"sample",
"and",
"in",
"plasma",
"(",
"330",
"copies",
")",
".",
"CMV",
"serology",
"showed",
"positive",
"IgG",
"and",
"negative",
"IgM",
".",
"Intravenous",
"treatment",
"with",
"ganciclovir",
"was",
"started",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"adjusted",
"to",
"renal",
"function",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"total",
"parenteral",
"nutrition",
"given",
"the",
"calorie-protein",
"malnutrition",
"and",
"persistent",
"diarrhoea",
".",
"Mycophenolate",
"levels",
"were",
"requested",
"with",
"results",
"below",
"the",
"therapeutic",
"range",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"intravenous",
"ganciclovir",
"was",
"maintained",
"for",
"14",
"days",
",",
"after",
"which",
"valganciclovir",
"was",
"started",
",",
"obtaining",
"a",
"negative",
"serum",
"viral",
"load",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"week",
"and",
"clinical",
"improvement",
"with",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"stools",
",",
"increased",
"stool",
"consistency",
"and",
"progressive",
"oral",
"digestive",
"tolerance",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"valganciclovir",
"was",
"maintained",
"for",
"30",
"days",
".",
"A",
"few",
"months",
"after",
"discharge",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"suffered",
"a",
"new",
"clinical",
"deterioration",
"with",
"intense",
"pruritus",
",",
"jaundice",
",",
"elevated",
"cholestasis",
"enzymes",
",",
"hyperbilirubinaemia",
"and",
"data",
"compatible",
"with",
"tumour",
"of",
"the",
"biliary",
"tract",
"with",
"intrahepatic",
"progression",
".",
"By",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"decision",
",",
"no",
"further",
"diagnostic",
"or",
"therapeutic",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"palliative",
"care",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"finally",
"died",
"as",
"a",
"consequence",
"of",
"tumour",
"progression",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"enteritis",
".",
"Disseminated",
"herpes",
"zoster",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 46,
"end": 49
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 138,
"end": 146
},
{
"text": "Clostridium difficile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1250,
"end": 1271
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 449,
"end": 456
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1303,
"end": 1308
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1309,
"end": 1319
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2295,
"end": 2298
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1609,
"end": 1616
},
{
"text": "varicella zoster",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2277,
"end": 2293
},
{
"text": "Clostridium difficile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3511,
"end": 3532
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2854,
"end": 2862
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3099,
"end": 3107
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3386,
"end": 3394
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3604,
"end": 3612
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3042,
"end": 3052
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4481,
"end": 4488
},
{
"text": "subjects",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4054,
"end": 4062
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3832,
"end": 3842
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4024,
"end": 4034
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3822,
"end": 3831
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5769,
"end": 5772
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5841,
"end": 5844
},
{
"text": "Clostridium difficile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5312,
"end": 5333
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetti",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5211,
"end": 5228
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5195,
"end": 5198
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5233,
"end": 5236
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4957,
"end": 4960
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5046,
"end": 5049
},
{
"text": "Yersinia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5201,
"end": 5209
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6552,
"end": 6559
}
] | en |
CLINICAL HISTORY
This is a 64 year old male patient who came to our clinic diagnosed with retinal detachment in the left eye two days ago with a sudden decrease in visual acuity in this eye and who also reported blurred vision in the right eye. His personal history includes a liver transplant six months ago due to alpha-one antitrypsin deficiency and he has been receiving treatment with prednisone tablets since the transplant, currently 5 mg/day, and mycophenolate mofetil. He also reports insulin-dependent diabetes.
EXPLORATION
During the examination, visual acuity in the right eye was found to be 20/80 and visual acuity in the left eye of light perception and localisation. Ocular pressure in the right eye is 25 mmHg and in the left eye 12 mmHg. Examination of the anterior segment shows keratic precipitates of intermediate size occupying the entire endothelial surface in both eyes with the presence of Tyndall's between one and two crosses. In the posterior segment, symmetrical bilateral dense vitreous opacity is observed, with vitreitis and abundant brown pigment that hinders visualisation of the retina. Retinal detachment was also observed in the left eye with a bullous appearance, with a possible tear at the 12 o'clock level and extreme thinning of the retina. Mode A and B ultrasound was performed and showed intense vitreitis in the right eye, posterior vitreous detachment without retinal detachment and posterior vitreous detachment in the left eye, posterior vitreous detachment, bullous retinal detachment affecting the macular area.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Due to the high inflammation observed in both the anterior and posterior segments, it is concluded that this is a patient with bilateral high-risk panuveitis with retinal detachment in the left eye, with the appearance of necrotising retinitis. Taking into account that this is a transplant patient with immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil, we are inclined towards infectious uveitis with necrotising retinitis that has caused retinal detachment in the left eye. Due to the high risk of vitreoretinal proliferation and postoperative inflammation in these patients, we decided to perform scleral surgery associated with vitrectomy. Since Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) is the best test that can detect the infectious agent, a vitreous humour sample is taken during the same surgical procedure.
TREATMENT
Pars plana vitrectomy with 25 G is performed at the beginning of the operation, using air infusion to achieve a higher concentration of vitreous humour and to make the sample richer in infectious agent. Subsequently, the infusion was changed to liquid and a posterior detachment of very dense vitreous was observed, opacified by the degree of chronic inflammation, and an extremely thinned and necrotic retina in several nasal and temporal foci, with rupture at 12 hours. Liquid perfluorocarbon and air were introduced to reapply the retina and laser photocoagulation was performed around the areas of necrotising retinitis and the tear at 12 hours. At the end of the operation, taking into account the risks of vitreoretinal proliferation (PVR), a replacement with 5000 ctsk silicone oil is performed.
Analysis of the vitreous sample by PCR gave an undetectable titre for herpes simplex (HSV), herpes zoster (HZV) and toxoplasma, and the titre for cytomegalovirus (CMV) was 3,312,290 c/ml. Treatment was started with oral valganciclovir 900 mg daily for four weeks. The postoperative period was satisfactory, with total retinal reapplication. In the left eye, the retina is fully applied with areas of laser-induced whitening around the area of necrotising retinitis and circumferential band-induced indentation. After two months, the silicone oil is removed and the retina is maintained in its anatomical position. Optical coherence tomography shows discrete disorganisation and atrophy of the inner and outer retina, with no macular oedema. The final visual acuity was 20/40 in the left eye. Surgery was therefore decided on for the contralateral eye. A vitreous biopsy was also performed under air and large areas of necrotising retinitis with active borders were observed, but without retinal detachment. Complete vitrectomy and green laser photocoagulation were performed around the areas of retinal necrosis, and hyalinisation of the retinal vessels was also observed. Due to the absence of retinal detachment in this eye, a replacement with a non-expandable C3F8 mixture instead of silicone oil was performed. The result is PCR negative for HSV, HZV and toxoplasma, and positive for CMV at a level of 14 843 680 c/ml. As a result, treatment with oral valganciclovir 900 mg per day is continued.
Remains of gas are still observed in the upper part, the gas disappears after 2 weeks, areas of necrotising retinitis surrounded by laser, cystic macular oedema at the macula and in the extreme horizontal section thinning of the retina in the area temporal to the macula where the necrotising retinitis begins. The final visual acuity is 20/30 in the right eye.
Classic CMV retinitis at the posterior pole with areas of necrosis/ischemia and haemorrhages has been extensively described in the literature1. However, the chronic or subacute course of this patient has recently been described as chronic retinal necrosis in partially immunocompromised patients, similar to that seen with HSV/VZV in immunocompetent patients2. The patients described in the publication by Schneider et al. had similar clinical features and were immunosuppressed with mycophenolate mofetil or steroids. This picture represents an intermediate presentation between classical CMV retinitis and necrotising retinitis of the HSV/HZV group3.
| [
"CLINICAL",
"HISTORY",
"This",
"is",
"a",
"64",
"year",
"old",
"male",
"patient",
"who",
"came",
"to",
"our",
"clinic",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"retinal",
"detachment",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"two",
"days",
"ago",
"with",
"a",
"sudden",
"decrease",
"in",
"visual",
"acuity",
"in",
"this",
"eye",
"and",
"who",
"also",
"reported",
"blurred",
"vision",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
".",
"His",
"personal",
"history",
"includes",
"a",
"liver",
"transplant",
"six",
"months",
"ago",
"due",
"to",
"alpha-one",
"antitrypsin",
"deficiency",
"and",
"he",
"has",
"been",
"receiving",
"treatment",
"with",
"prednisone",
"tablets",
"since",
"the",
"transplant",
",",
"currently",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
",",
"and",
"mycophenolate",
"mofetil",
".",
"He",
"also",
"reports",
"insulin-dependent",
"diabetes",
".",
"EXPLORATION",
"During",
"the",
"examination",
",",
"visual",
"acuity",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"20",
"/",
"80",
"and",
"visual",
"acuity",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"of",
"light",
"perception",
"and",
"localisation",
".",
"Ocular",
"pressure",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"is",
"25",
"mmHg",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"12",
"mmHg",
".",
"Examination",
"of",
"the",
"anterior",
"segment",
"shows",
"keratic",
"precipitates",
"of",
"intermediate",
"size",
"occupying",
"the",
"entire",
"endothelial",
"surface",
"in",
"both",
"eyes",
"with",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"Tyndall",
"'",
"s",
"between",
"one",
"and",
"two",
"crosses",
".",
"In",
"the",
"posterior",
"segment",
",",
"symmetrical",
"bilateral",
"dense",
"vitreous",
"opacity",
"is",
"observed",
",",
"with",
"vitreitis",
"and",
"abundant",
"brown",
"pigment",
"that",
"hinders",
"visualisation",
"of",
"the",
"retina",
".",
"Retinal",
"detachment",
"was",
"also",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"with",
"a",
"bullous",
"appearance",
",",
"with",
"a",
"possible",
"tear",
"at",
"the",
"12",
"o",
"'",
"clock",
"level",
"and",
"extreme",
"thinning",
"of",
"the",
"retina",
".",
"Mode",
"A",
"and",
"B",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"showed",
"intense",
"vitreitis",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
",",
"posterior",
"vitreous",
"detachment",
"without",
"retinal",
"detachment",
"and",
"posterior",
"vitreous",
"detachment",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
",",
"posterior",
"vitreous",
"detachment",
",",
"bullous",
"retinal",
"detachment",
"affecting",
"the",
"macular",
"area",
".",
"DIFFERENTIAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"high",
"inflammation",
"observed",
"in",
"both",
"the",
"anterior",
"and",
"posterior",
"segments",
",",
"it",
"is",
"concluded",
"that",
"this",
"is",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"bilateral",
"high-risk",
"panuveitis",
"with",
"retinal",
"detachment",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
",",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
".",
"Taking",
"into",
"account",
"that",
"this",
"is",
"a",
"transplant",
"patient",
"with",
"immunosuppression",
"with",
"mycophenolate",
"mofetil",
",",
"we",
"are",
"inclined",
"towards",
"infectious",
"uveitis",
"with",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
"that",
"has",
"caused",
"retinal",
"detachment",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"high",
"risk",
"of",
"vitreoretinal",
"proliferation",
"and",
"postoperative",
"inflammation",
"in",
"these",
"patients",
",",
"we",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"scleral",
"surgery",
"associated",
"with",
"vitrectomy",
".",
"Since",
"Polymerase",
"Chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"PCR",
")",
"is",
"the",
"best",
"test",
"that",
"can",
"detect",
"the",
"infectious",
"agent",
",",
"a",
"vitreous",
"humour",
"sample",
"is",
"taken",
"during",
"the",
"same",
"surgical",
"procedure",
".",
"TREATMENT",
"Pars",
"plana",
"vitrectomy",
"with",
"25",
"G",
"is",
"performed",
"at",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"the",
"operation",
",",
"using",
"air",
"infusion",
"to",
"achieve",
"a",
"higher",
"concentration",
"of",
"vitreous",
"humour",
"and",
"to",
"make",
"the",
"sample",
"richer",
"in",
"infectious",
"agent",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"infusion",
"was",
"changed",
"to",
"liquid",
"and",
"a",
"posterior",
"detachment",
"of",
"very",
"dense",
"vitreous",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"opacified",
"by",
"the",
"degree",
"of",
"chronic",
"inflammation",
",",
"and",
"an",
"extremely",
"thinned",
"and",
"necrotic",
"retina",
"in",
"several",
"nasal",
"and",
"temporal",
"foci",
",",
"with",
"rupture",
"at",
"12",
"hours",
".",
"Liquid",
"perfluorocarbon",
"and",
"air",
"were",
"introduced",
"to",
"reapply",
"the",
"retina",
"and",
"laser",
"photocoagulation",
"was",
"performed",
"around",
"the",
"areas",
"of",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
"and",
"the",
"tear",
"at",
"12",
"hours",
".",
"At",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"operation",
",",
"taking",
"into",
"account",
"the",
"risks",
"of",
"vitreoretinal",
"proliferation",
"(",
"PVR",
")",
",",
"a",
"replacement",
"with",
"5000",
"ctsk",
"silicone",
"oil",
"is",
"performed",
".",
"Analysis",
"of",
"the",
"vitreous",
"sample",
"by",
"PCR",
"gave",
"an",
"undetectable",
"titre",
"for",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"(",
"HSV",
")",
",",
"herpes",
"zoster",
"(",
"HZV",
")",
"and",
"toxoplasma",
",",
"and",
"the",
"titre",
"for",
"cytomegalovirus",
"(",
"CMV",
")",
"was",
"3",
",",
"312",
",",
"290",
"c",
"/",
"ml",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"oral",
"valganciclovir",
"900",
"mg",
"daily",
"for",
"four",
"weeks",
".",
"The",
"postoperative",
"period",
"was",
"satisfactory",
",",
"with",
"total",
"retinal",
"reapplication",
".",
"In",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
",",
"the",
"retina",
"is",
"fully",
"applied",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"laser-induced",
"whitening",
"around",
"the",
"area",
"of",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
"and",
"circumferential",
"band-induced",
"indentation",
".",
"After",
"two",
"months",
",",
"the",
"silicone",
"oil",
"is",
"removed",
"and",
"the",
"retina",
"is",
"maintained",
"in",
"its",
"anatomical",
"position",
".",
"Optical",
"coherence",
"tomography",
"shows",
"discrete",
"disorganisation",
"and",
"atrophy",
"of",
"the",
"inner",
"and",
"outer",
"retina",
",",
"with",
"no",
"macular",
"oedema",
".",
"The",
"final",
"visual",
"acuity",
"was",
"20",
"/",
"40",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
".",
"Surgery",
"was",
"therefore",
"decided",
"on",
"for",
"the",
"contralateral",
"eye",
".",
"A",
"vitreous",
"biopsy",
"was",
"also",
"performed",
"under",
"air",
"and",
"large",
"areas",
"of",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
"with",
"active",
"borders",
"were",
"observed",
",",
"but",
"without",
"retinal",
"detachment",
".",
"Complete",
"vitrectomy",
"and",
"green",
"laser",
"photocoagulation",
"were",
"performed",
"around",
"the",
"areas",
"of",
"retinal",
"necrosis",
",",
"and",
"hyalinisation",
"of",
"the",
"retinal",
"vessels",
"was",
"also",
"observed",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"retinal",
"detachment",
"in",
"this",
"eye",
",",
"a",
"replacement",
"with",
"a",
"non-expandable",
"C3F8",
"mixture",
"instead",
"of",
"silicone",
"oil",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"The",
"result",
"is",
"PCR",
"negative",
"for",
"HSV",
",",
"HZV",
"and",
"toxoplasma",
",",
"and",
"positive",
"for",
"CMV",
"at",
"a",
"level",
"of",
"14",
"843",
"680",
"c",
"/",
"ml",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"valganciclovir",
"900",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"is",
"continued",
".",
"Remains",
"of",
"gas",
"are",
"still",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"part",
",",
"the",
"gas",
"disappears",
"after",
"2",
"weeks",
",",
"areas",
"of",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
"surrounded",
"by",
"laser",
",",
"cystic",
"macular",
"oedema",
"at",
"the",
"macula",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"extreme",
"horizontal",
"section",
"thinning",
"of",
"the",
"retina",
"in",
"the",
"area",
"temporal",
"to",
"the",
"macula",
"where",
"the",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
"begins",
".",
"The",
"final",
"visual",
"acuity",
"is",
"20",
"/",
"30",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
".",
"Classic",
"CMV",
"retinitis",
"at",
"the",
"posterior",
"pole",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"necrosis",
"/",
"ischemia",
"and",
"haemorrhages",
"has",
"been",
"extensively",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"literature1",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"chronic",
"or",
"subacute",
"course",
"of",
"this",
"patient",
"has",
"recently",
"been",
"described",
"as",
"chronic",
"retinal",
"necrosis",
"in",
"partially",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
",",
"similar",
"to",
"that",
"seen",
"with",
"HSV",
"/",
"VZV",
"in",
"immunocompetent",
"patients2",
".",
"The",
"patients",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"publication",
"by",
"Schneider",
"et",
"al",
".",
"had",
"similar",
"clinical",
"features",
"and",
"were",
"immunosuppressed",
"with",
"mycophenolate",
"mofetil",
"or",
"steroids",
".",
"This",
"picture",
"represents",
"an",
"intermediate",
"presentation",
"between",
"classical",
"CMV",
"retinitis",
"and",
"necrotising",
"retinitis",
"of",
"the",
"HSV",
"/",
"HZV",
"group3",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 44,
"end": 51
},
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 39,
"end": 51
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 249,
"end": 257
},
{
"text": "infectious agent",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2302,
"end": 2318
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1701,
"end": 1708
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1878,
"end": 1885
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2151,
"end": 2159
},
{
"text": "infectious agent",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2586,
"end": 2602
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3367,
"end": 3370
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4592,
"end": 4595
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3290,
"end": 3293
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4550,
"end": 4553
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3350,
"end": 3365
},
{
"text": "herpes simplex",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3274,
"end": 3288
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3320,
"end": 3330
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4563,
"end": 4573
},
{
"text": "HZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3311,
"end": 3314
},
{
"text": "HZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4555,
"end": 4558
},
{
"text": "herpes zoster",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3296,
"end": 3309
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5074,
"end": 5077
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5656,
"end": 5659
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5389,
"end": 5392
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5703,
"end": 5706
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5393,
"end": 5396
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5258,
"end": 5265
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5353,
"end": 5361
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5431,
"end": 5439
},
{
"text": "HZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5707,
"end": 5710
}
] | en |
A 56-year-old woman, under follow-up in our severe asthma unit because of severe late onset eosinophilic asthma with bronchiectasis and who did not meet the criteria for mixed asthma and COPD syndrome. His asthma was controlled by high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-2 agonists, montelukast, ipratropium and benralizumab. On 8 March, he attended the emergency department for a 24-hour episode of fever, arthralgia, myalgia, dyspnoea and brownish sputum. Physical examination revealed no wheezing. Additional tests revealed a unilobular opacity in the right lung, a slightly elevated C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase value and a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. She was given levofloxacin 500 mg for 14 days as well as systemic corticosteroids (1 mg/kg) because of brownish sputum and a history of bronchiectasis (according to hospital protocols, no lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine was started as the patient was not hypoxaemic at that time). The patient was discharged on the fourth day of admission, taking into account her clinically stable condition, which was maintained without the need for oral corticosteroids. One week later, the patient was asymptomatic. Four family members also had COVID-19.
| [
"",
"A",
"56-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"under",
"follow-up",
"in",
"our",
"severe",
"asthma",
"unit",
"because",
"of",
"severe",
"late",
"onset",
"eosinophilic",
"asthma",
"with",
"bronchiectasis",
"and",
"who",
"did",
"not",
"meet",
"the",
"criteria",
"for",
"mixed",
"asthma",
"and",
"COPD",
"syndrome",
".",
"His",
"asthma",
"was",
"controlled",
"by",
"high-dose",
"inhaled",
"corticosteroids",
",",
"long-acting",
"beta-2",
"agonists",
",",
"montelukast",
",",
"ipratropium",
"and",
"benralizumab",
".",
"On",
"8",
"March",
",",
"he",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"a",
"24-hour",
"episode",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"arthralgia",
",",
"myalgia",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"brownish",
"sputum",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"no",
"wheezing",
".",
"Additional",
"tests",
"revealed",
"a",
"unilobular",
"opacity",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"lung",
",",
"a",
"slightly",
"elevated",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"and",
"lactate",
"dehydrogenase",
"value",
"and",
"a",
"positive",
"PCR",
"result",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
".",
"She",
"was",
"given",
"levofloxacin",
"500",
"mg",
"for",
"14",
"days",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"systemic",
"corticosteroids",
"(",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
")",
"because",
"of",
"brownish",
"sputum",
"and",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"bronchiectasis",
"(",
"according",
"to",
"hospital",
"protocols",
",",
"no",
"lopinavir",
"/",
"ritonavir",
"and",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"was",
"started",
"as",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"not",
"hypoxaemic",
"at",
"that",
"time",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"on",
"the",
"fourth",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"taking",
"into",
"account",
"her",
"clinically",
"stable",
"condition",
",",
"which",
"was",
"maintained",
"without",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"oral",
"corticosteroids",
".",
"One",
"week",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"asymptomatic",
".",
"Four",
"family",
"members",
"also",
"had",
"COVID-19",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 681,
"end": 691
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1212,
"end": 1218
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 943,
"end": 950
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 989,
"end": 996
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1181,
"end": 1188
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 20
}
] | en |
Reason for consultation
A 19 year old patient came to the primary care clinic for a continuous cough of three weeks' duration.
Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests).
19-year-old Spanish national, student teacher. Personal history of right bundle branch block, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and mild asthma. No family history of interest. On treatment with salbutamol on demand. No drug allergies. Drinks alcoholic beverages occasionally. Non-smoker.
The patient comes to the clinic with a dry cough of three weeks' evolution of increasing intensity that interferes with night-time rest. It increases with exercise. Slight rhinorrhoea. No dyspnoea and auscultation is normal. Partial improvement using salbutamol on demand. Given the personal history, it was decided to start budesonide 160 mcg/formoterol fumarate dihydrate 4.5 mcg 2 inhalations every 12 hours.
She returned two months later with a cough with greenish expectoration and fever of two days' duration. Auscultation showed crackles in the left base, so Amoxicillin 875mg/ clavulanic acid 125mg every 8 hours was prescribed for 7 days with improvement. Despite this, he returned three weeks later because the cough persisted, with increased access in the last week and whitish expectoration. That same morning, haemoptotic expectoration. In addition, he again presented with an inconsistent fever, reaching 39-40o, predominantly in the evening and with night sweats. Pleuritic pain in the anterior part of the right hemithorax. No dyspnoea. In addition, upon further anamnesis, the parents reported a weight loss of 6-7 kg in the last few months. She has not travelled.
Examination: good general condition, normohydrated, normoperfused, eupneic at rest. Vitals: BP: 114/59, HR 104lpm, SatO2 99%, T 37.8o.
Cardiopulmonary auscultation: rhythmic, no murmurs. Bladder murmur was preserved with no additional sounds.
Urgent X-ray was requested, showing:
Extensive cavitated lesion in the right upper lobe with a hydro-aerial level. Other smaller lesions at the base. Nodular alveolar-interstitial infiltrate in the left hemithorax, suggestive of bronchogenic dissemination.
The patient was referred to the emergency department for further tests and assessment by respiratory medicine. The most relevant results of the tests performed were as follows:
CBC: C-reactive protein 142, procalcitonin 0.07, leukocytes 14590/μL with neutrophilia 93%. Haemoglobin 12 g/dL, haematocrit 36%, mean corpuscular volume 76.7fL, platelets 430000/μL.
Sputum smear microscopy: Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was detected with sensitivity to all first-line drugs tested.
During his stay in the emergency department, the patient remained in good general condition, haemodynamically stable, with little expectoration and a small amount of haematic debris.
The patient had good family support and a good understanding of the diagnosis. Prevention of transmission of the disease was necessary, so discharge with home treatment and isolation was decided.
Family and community approach
Intact nuclear family structure, the patient lives with both parents and older brother. Although the patient was initially anxious at home given the possibility of transmission of the disease, there was good family support at all times, which promoted home treatment.
Clinical judgement (problem list, differential diagnosis)
Cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. The case raised several differential diagnoses: bronchial hyperreactivity or respiratory tract infection. We must also consider other pathologies that present haemoptysis, such as bronchogenic carcinoma; or cavitated lesions, with infectious causes (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Nocardiosis, Actinomycosis, Aspergillosis or Histoplasmosis), neoplastic (bronchioalveolar cancer and carcinoid), rheumatological (granulomatosis with polyangiitis) and others.
Action plan and evolution
The patient started home treatment with rifampicin 150/isoniazid 75/pyrazinamide 400/ethambutol hydrochloride 275mg 4 tablets/24h for two months with good tolerance, then changed to rifampicin 300/isociacid 150mg 2 tablets/24h, which he is currently taking and will remain on for 4-7 months. He spent the first month at home due to respiratory isolation.
Evolution
The patient was seen one week later for a check-up. He continued with occasional fever and cough. He was anxious about his condition, especially because his mother and 22-year-old brother had been tested with IGRA (interferon gamma release assay), and both were positive, so he had feelings of guilt.
He has been seen four times so far by Pneumology. Good evolution of the symptoms, currently occasional cough.
Analytical tests were performed at all consultations, with improvement in acute phase reactants, negative serology for HIV and hepatitis, and a new sputum smear test two months later negative for BAAR.
A control X-ray at four and a half months showed significant improvement, with disappearance of infiltrates in the left lung. The right lung is regressing, with a cicatricial appearance, and there is still an image of a cavity in the right upper lobe.
Pending further examination by the pulmonology department.
The entire cohabiting family underwent the IGRA test, which was positive for his mother and brother.
The father was tested again eight weeks later and was still negative.
Active tuberculosis was ruled out in the mother and brother, who underwent a chest X-ray and sputum culture. They started chemoprophylactic treatment with isoniazid 300mg/24h for 9 months, with adequate tolerance.
| [
"Reason",
"for",
"consultation",
"A",
"19",
"year",
"old",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"primary",
"care",
"clinic",
"for",
"a",
"continuous",
"cough",
"of",
"three",
"weeks",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"Individual",
"approach",
"(",
"anamnesis",
",",
"examination",
",",
"complementary",
"tests",
")",
".",
"19-year-old",
"Spanish",
"national",
",",
"student",
"teacher",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
"of",
"right",
"bundle",
"branch",
"block",
",",
"allergic",
"rhinoconjunctivitis",
"and",
"mild",
"asthma",
".",
"No",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"On",
"treatment",
"with",
"salbutamol",
"on",
"demand",
".",
"No",
"drug",
"allergies",
".",
"Drinks",
"alcoholic",
"beverages",
"occasionally",
".",
"Non-smoker",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"comes",
"to",
"the",
"clinic",
"with",
"a",
"dry",
"cough",
"of",
"three",
"weeks",
"'",
"evolution",
"of",
"increasing",
"intensity",
"that",
"interferes",
"with",
"night-time",
"rest",
".",
"It",
"increases",
"with",
"exercise",
".",
"Slight",
"rhinorrhoea",
".",
"No",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"auscultation",
"is",
"normal",
".",
"Partial",
"improvement",
"using",
"salbutamol",
"on",
"demand",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"personal",
"history",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"budesonide",
"160",
"mcg",
"/",
"formoterol",
"fumarate",
"dihydrate",
"4",
".",
"5",
"mcg",
"2",
"inhalations",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
".",
"She",
"returned",
"two",
"months",
"later",
"with",
"a",
"cough",
"with",
"greenish",
"expectoration",
"and",
"fever",
"of",
"two",
"days",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"Auscultation",
"showed",
"crackles",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"base",
",",
"so",
"Amoxicillin",
"875mg",
"/",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
"125mg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"was",
"prescribed",
"for",
"7",
"days",
"with",
"improvement",
".",
"Despite",
"this",
",",
"he",
"returned",
"three",
"weeks",
"later",
"because",
"the",
"cough",
"persisted",
",",
"with",
"increased",
"access",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"week",
"and",
"whitish",
"expectoration",
".",
"That",
"same",
"morning",
",",
"haemoptotic",
"expectoration",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"he",
"again",
"presented",
"with",
"an",
"inconsistent",
"fever",
",",
"reaching",
"39-40o",
",",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"evening",
"and",
"with",
"night",
"sweats",
".",
"Pleuritic",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hemithorax",
".",
"No",
"dyspnoea",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"upon",
"further",
"anamnesis",
",",
"the",
"parents",
"reported",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"6-7",
"kg",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"few",
"months",
".",
"She",
"has",
"not",
"travelled",
".",
"Examination",
":",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"normohydrated",
",",
"normoperfused",
",",
"eupneic",
"at",
"rest",
".",
"Vitals",
":",
"BP",
":",
"114",
"/",
"59",
",",
"HR",
"104lpm",
",",
"SatO2",
"99",
"%",
",",
"T",
"37",
".",
"8o",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"rhythmic",
",",
"no",
"murmurs",
".",
"Bladder",
"murmur",
"was",
"preserved",
"with",
"no",
"additional",
"sounds",
".",
"Urgent",
"X-ray",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"showing",
":",
"Extensive",
"cavitated",
"lesion",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"with",
"a",
"hydro-aerial",
"level",
".",
"Other",
"smaller",
"lesions",
"at",
"the",
"base",
".",
"Nodular",
"alveolar-interstitial",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hemithorax",
",",
"suggestive",
"of",
"bronchogenic",
"dissemination",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"further",
"tests",
"and",
"assessment",
"by",
"respiratory",
"medicine",
".",
"The",
"most",
"relevant",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"tests",
"performed",
"were",
"as",
"follows",
":",
"CBC",
":",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"142",
",",
"procalcitonin",
"0",
".",
"07",
",",
"leukocytes",
"14590",
"/",
"μL",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
"93",
"%",
".",
"Haemoglobin",
"12",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"haematocrit",
"36",
"%",
",",
"mean",
"corpuscular",
"volume",
"76",
".",
"7fL",
",",
"platelets",
"430000",
"/",
"μL",
".",
"Sputum",
"smear",
"microscopy",
":",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"DNA",
"was",
"detected",
"with",
"sensitivity",
"to",
"all",
"first-line",
"drugs",
"tested",
".",
"During",
"his",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
",",
"with",
"little",
"expectoration",
"and",
"a",
"small",
"amount",
"of",
"haematic",
"debris",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"good",
"family",
"support",
"and",
"a",
"good",
"understanding",
"of",
"the",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Prevention",
"of",
"transmission",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"was",
"necessary",
",",
"so",
"discharge",
"with",
"home",
"treatment",
"and",
"isolation",
"was",
"decided",
".",
"Family",
"and",
"community",
"approach",
"Intact",
"nuclear",
"family",
"structure",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"lives",
"with",
"both",
"parents",
"and",
"older",
"brother",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"initially",
"anxious",
"at",
"home",
"given",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"transmission",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
",",
"there",
"was",
"good",
"family",
"support",
"at",
"all",
"times",
",",
"which",
"promoted",
"home",
"treatment",
".",
"Clinical",
"judgement",
"(",
"problem",
"list",
",",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
")",
"Cavitary",
"pulmonary",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"The",
"case",
"raised",
"several",
"differential",
"diagnoses",
":",
"bronchial",
"hyperreactivity",
"or",
"respiratory",
"tract",
"infection",
".",
"We",
"must",
"also",
"consider",
"other",
"pathologies",
"that",
"present",
"haemoptysis",
",",
"such",
"as",
"bronchogenic",
"carcinoma",
";",
"or",
"cavitated",
"lesions",
",",
"with",
"infectious",
"causes",
"(",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Streptococcus",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Haemophilus",
"influenzae",
",",
"Nocardiosis",
",",
"Actinomycosis",
",",
"Aspergillosis",
"or",
"Histoplasmosis",
")",
",",
"neoplastic",
"(",
"bronchioalveolar",
"cancer",
"and",
"carcinoid",
")",
",",
"rheumatological",
"(",
"granulomatosis",
"with",
"polyangiitis",
")",
"and",
"others",
".",
"Action",
"plan",
"and",
"evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"started",
"home",
"treatment",
"with",
"rifampicin",
"150",
"/",
"isoniazid",
"75",
"/",
"pyrazinamide",
"400",
"/",
"ethambutol",
"hydrochloride",
"275mg",
"4",
"tablets",
"/",
"24h",
"for",
"two",
"months",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
",",
"then",
"changed",
"to",
"rifampicin",
"300",
"/",
"isociacid",
"150mg",
"2",
"tablets",
"/",
"24h",
",",
"which",
"he",
"is",
"currently",
"taking",
"and",
"will",
"remain",
"on",
"for",
"4-7",
"months",
".",
"He",
"spent",
"the",
"first",
"month",
"at",
"home",
"due",
"to",
"respiratory",
"isolation",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"seen",
"one",
"week",
"later",
"for",
"a",
"check-up",
".",
"He",
"continued",
"with",
"occasional",
"fever",
"and",
"cough",
".",
"He",
"was",
"anxious",
"about",
"his",
"condition",
",",
"especially",
"because",
"his",
"mother",
"and",
"22-year-old",
"brother",
"had",
"been",
"tested",
"with",
"IGRA",
"(",
"interferon",
"gamma",
"release",
"assay",
")",
",",
"and",
"both",
"were",
"positive",
",",
"so",
"he",
"had",
"feelings",
"of",
"guilt",
".",
"He",
"has",
"been",
"seen",
"four",
"times",
"so",
"far",
"by",
"Pneumology",
".",
"Good",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
",",
"currently",
"occasional",
"cough",
".",
"Analytical",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
"at",
"all",
"consultations",
",",
"with",
"improvement",
"in",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
",",
"negative",
"serology",
"for",
"HIV",
"and",
"hepatitis",
",",
"and",
"a",
"new",
"sputum",
"smear",
"test",
"two",
"months",
"later",
"negative",
"for",
"BAAR",
".",
"A",
"control",
"X-ray",
"at",
"four",
"and",
"a",
"half",
"months",
"showed",
"significant",
"improvement",
",",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"infiltrates",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
".",
"The",
"right",
"lung",
"is",
"regressing",
",",
"with",
"a",
"cicatricial",
"appearance",
",",
"and",
"there",
"is",
"still",
"an",
"image",
"of",
"a",
"cavity",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
".",
"Pending",
"further",
"examination",
"by",
"the",
"pulmonology",
"department",
".",
"The",
"entire",
"cohabiting",
"family",
"underwent",
"the",
"IGRA",
"test",
",",
"which",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"his",
"mother",
"and",
"brother",
".",
"The",
"father",
"was",
"tested",
"again",
"eight",
"weeks",
"later",
"and",
"was",
"still",
"negative",
".",
"Active",
"tuberculosis",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"mother",
"and",
"brother",
",",
"who",
"underwent",
"a",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"sputum",
"culture",
".",
"They",
"started",
"chemoprophylactic",
"treatment",
"with",
"isoniazid",
"300mg",
"/",
"24h",
"for",
"9",
"months",
",",
"with",
"adequate",
"tolerance",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 38,
"end": 45
},
{
"text": "student teacher",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 225,
"end": 240
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 338,
"end": 344
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 242,
"end": 250
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 483,
"end": 490
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 762,
"end": 770
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1574,
"end": 1581
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2169,
"end": 2176
},
{
"text": "smear microscopy",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2533,
"end": 2549
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2551,
"end": 2577
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2693,
"end": 2700
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2831,
"end": 2838
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2848,
"end": 2854
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3024,
"end": 3030
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3091,
"end": 3098
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3155,
"end": 3162
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3069,
"end": 3075
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3262,
"end": 3268
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3115,
"end": 3122
},
{
"text": "Haemophilus influenzae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3713,
"end": 3735
},
{
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3664,
"end": 3685
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3687,
"end": 3711
},
{
"text": "Nocardiosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3737,
"end": 3748
},
{
"text": "Actinomycosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3750,
"end": 3763
},
{
"text": "Aspergillosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3765,
"end": 3778
},
{
"text": "Histoplasmosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3782,
"end": 3796
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3945,
"end": 3952
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4310,
"end": 4317
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4463,
"end": 4469
},
{
"text": "BAAR",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4913,
"end": 4917
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4836,
"end": 4839
},
{
"text": "hepatitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4844,
"end": 4853
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5252,
"end": 5258
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5311,
"end": 5317
},
{
"text": "father",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5335,
"end": 5341
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5442,
"end": 5448
}
] | en |
Patient H.V.P.D., 16 years old, presented with chief complaint of difficulty in phonation. During the physical examination, the patient presented with tall stature, facial pattern III, with severe maxillary hypoplasia, dental crowding, Angle class III relationship, anterior open bite, bifid uvula and a macroglossia. On collecting data during the anamnesis, it was also revealed that, at birth, the patient had an abdominal wall defect which was subsequently corrected. All these findings contributed to the formation of the diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome.
The patient was incorporated to orthosurgical treatment, being observed swallowing problems, phonation and breathing difficulties, with strong correlation with macroglossia. Therefore, a partial glossectomy surgical procedure was planned for this case, prior to the orthognathic surgery procedure. The technique used was that proposed by Obwegeser et al. (1964)10 , in which the central segment and the apex of the tongue were resected, thereby reducing its dimensions in the anteroposterior and transverse directions, so that the problems related to speech would be attenuated.
For adequate control of transoperative bleeding and ease of execution, the surgery was performed under general anaesthesia with orotracheal intubation, due to the presence of hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates that prevented the passage of the nasotracheal tube. To make the incisions, repair points were established with 2.0 cotton thread at the lateral and anterior extremities of the tongue and an Allis type tissue grasping forceps were used to assist in the dissection. After stabilisation, demarcation of the incision with methylene blue and infiltrations of local anaesthetic (lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:200,000) were performed. Removal of the demarcated segment was performed with an electric surgical dissector (colrado needle, Stryker Corporation®) in the apex-base direction, preserving the lateral edges and minimising the risk of injury to the branches of the lingual nerve. The segment was removed and careful haemostasis was performed to minimise the risks of lingual haematoma and postoperative bleeding. After bleeding control, the segments were approximated with resorbable thread (Vicryl 3.0-ETHICON) from the deepest to the superficial portion in a thorough base-to-apex approach. In the immediate postoperative period it was already possible to verify the anterior and transverse reduction of the tongue without compromising the airway, and without any complications of a haemorrhagic or infectious nature. Ten days postoperatively, the patient started speech therapy to help the return of tongue motility and phonation.
Currently, the patient is 3 years postoperative and has a considerable decrease in the size of the tongue in the transverse and longitudinal direction, with no reports of sensory or gustatory loss in the region. She is undergoing phonoaudiological and orthodontic treatment with the aim of a surgical procedure to correct the maxillomandibular discrepancy.
| [
"Patient",
"H",
".",
"V",
".",
"P",
".",
"D",
".",
",",
"16",
"years",
"old",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"chief",
"complaint",
"of",
"difficulty",
"in",
"phonation",
".",
"During",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"tall",
"stature",
",",
"facial",
"pattern",
"III",
",",
"with",
"severe",
"maxillary",
"hypoplasia",
",",
"dental",
"crowding",
",",
"Angle",
"class",
"III",
"relationship",
",",
"anterior",
"open",
"bite",
",",
"bifid",
"uvula",
"and",
"a",
"macroglossia",
".",
"On",
"collecting",
"data",
"during",
"the",
"anamnesis",
",",
"it",
"was",
"also",
"revealed",
"that",
",",
"at",
"birth",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"an",
"abdominal",
"wall",
"defect",
"which",
"was",
"subsequently",
"corrected",
".",
"All",
"these",
"findings",
"contributed",
"to",
"the",
"formation",
"of",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"Beckwith-Wiedmann",
"syndrome",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"incorporated",
"to",
"orthosurgical",
"treatment",
",",
"being",
"observed",
"swallowing",
"problems",
",",
"phonation",
"and",
"breathing",
"difficulties",
",",
"with",
"strong",
"correlation",
"with",
"macroglossia",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"a",
"partial",
"glossectomy",
"surgical",
"procedure",
"was",
"planned",
"for",
"this",
"case",
",",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"orthognathic",
"surgery",
"procedure",
".",
"The",
"technique",
"used",
"was",
"that",
"proposed",
"by",
"Obwegeser",
"et",
"al",
".",
"(",
"1964",
")",
"10",
",",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"central",
"segment",
"and",
"the",
"apex",
"of",
"the",
"tongue",
"were",
"resected",
",",
"thereby",
"reducing",
"its",
"dimensions",
"in",
"the",
"anteroposterior",
"and",
"transverse",
"directions",
",",
"so",
"that",
"the",
"problems",
"related",
"to",
"speech",
"would",
"be",
"attenuated",
".",
"For",
"adequate",
"control",
"of",
"transoperative",
"bleeding",
"and",
"ease",
"of",
"execution",
",",
"the",
"surgery",
"was",
"performed",
"under",
"general",
"anaesthesia",
"with",
"orotracheal",
"intubation",
",",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"hypertrophy",
"of",
"the",
"nasal",
"turbinates",
"that",
"prevented",
"the",
"passage",
"of",
"the",
"nasotracheal",
"tube",
".",
"To",
"make",
"the",
"incisions",
",",
"repair",
"points",
"were",
"established",
"with",
"2",
".",
"0",
"cotton",
"thread",
"at",
"the",
"lateral",
"and",
"anterior",
"extremities",
"of",
"the",
"tongue",
"and",
"an",
"Allis",
"type",
"tissue",
"grasping",
"forceps",
"were",
"used",
"to",
"assist",
"in",
"the",
"dissection",
".",
"After",
"stabilisation",
",",
"demarcation",
"of",
"the",
"incision",
"with",
"methylene",
"blue",
"and",
"infiltrations",
"of",
"local",
"anaesthetic",
"(",
"lidocaine",
"2",
"%",
"with",
"epinephrine",
"1",
":",
"200",
",",
"000",
")",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"Removal",
"of",
"the",
"demarcated",
"segment",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"an",
"electric",
"surgical",
"dissector",
"(",
"colrado",
"needle",
",",
"Stryker",
"Corporation",
"®",
")",
"in",
"the",
"apex-base",
"direction",
",",
"preserving",
"the",
"lateral",
"edges",
"and",
"minimising",
"the",
"risk",
"of",
"injury",
"to",
"the",
"branches",
"of",
"the",
"lingual",
"nerve",
".",
"The",
"segment",
"was",
"removed",
"and",
"careful",
"haemostasis",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"minimise",
"the",
"risks",
"of",
"lingual",
"haematoma",
"and",
"postoperative",
"bleeding",
".",
"After",
"bleeding",
"control",
",",
"the",
"segments",
"were",
"approximated",
"with",
"resorbable",
"thread",
"(",
"Vicryl",
"3",
".",
"0-ETHICON",
")",
"from",
"the",
"deepest",
"to",
"the",
"superficial",
"portion",
"in",
"a",
"thorough",
"base-to-apex",
"approach",
".",
"In",
"the",
"immediate",
"postoperative",
"period",
"it",
"was",
"already",
"possible",
"to",
"verify",
"the",
"anterior",
"and",
"transverse",
"reduction",
"of",
"the",
"tongue",
"without",
"compromising",
"the",
"airway",
",",
"and",
"without",
"any",
"complications",
"of",
"a",
"haemorrhagic",
"or",
"infectious",
"nature",
".",
"Ten",
"days",
"postoperatively",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"started",
"speech",
"therapy",
"to",
"help",
"the",
"return",
"of",
"tongue",
"motility",
"and",
"phonation",
".",
"Currently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"3",
"years",
"postoperative",
"and",
"has",
"a",
"considerable",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"tongue",
"in",
"the",
"transverse",
"and",
"longitudinal",
"direction",
",",
"with",
"no",
"reports",
"of",
"sensory",
"or",
"gustatory",
"loss",
"in",
"the",
"region",
".",
"She",
"is",
"undergoing",
"phonoaudiological",
"and",
"orthodontic",
"treatment",
"with",
"the",
"aim",
"of",
"a",
"surgical",
"procedure",
"to",
"correct",
"the",
"maxillomandibular",
"discrepancy",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 7
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 128,
"end": 135
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 400,
"end": 407
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 572,
"end": 579
},
{
"text": "cotton",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1474,
"end": 1480
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2611,
"end": 2618
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2710,
"end": 2717
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
65-year-old woman diagnosed in 1993 with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the left breast T2N2M0 and treated by radical surgery, locoregional radiotherapy, chemotherapy (adriamycin four cycles and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil eight cycles) and hormone therapy (tamoxifen 1997-1999, toremifene 1999-2002).
In April 2014, there was evidence of pleuropulmonary, mediastinal lymph node and bone recurrence. Treatment was started with paclitaxel-bevacizumab plus zoledronic acid and letrozole. In November of that year, radiological progression of the disease was observed, with an increase in pleural effusion, and treatment with everolimus-exemestane was started. During treatment there was an improvement in radiological findings and tumour markers. After 3 months, she began with mild subacute dyspnoea and dry cough and a CT scan was performed with a partial response, so treatment was maintained.
In February 2015, the patient attended the emergency department, haemodynamically stable due to fever, dyspnoea on moderate exertion and cough. A simple chest X-ray revealed a slight left pleural effusion as the only known finding. After taking cultures, a respiratory infection was suspected and the patient was admitted to the Oncology Department for treatment with levofloxacin.
Three days after admission to the oncology department, he persisted with high fever and a tendency to hypotension and tachypnoea, so the treatment was extended to include oseltamivir, meropenem and vancomycin. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient worsened markedly with intense dyspnoea, severe hypoxia, hypotension and tachycardia, and an urgent CT scan was performed, with findings suggestive of bilateral pneumonia as the first possibility. In acute respiratory failure, he was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Physical examination
Conscious, oriented. Febrile, tachypnoeic; blood pressure 85/55 mm Hg; heart rate 130 bpm.
Saturation 80% without oxygen therapy. Cardiopulmonary auscultation: rhythmic tones without murmurs. Generalised hypoventilation. Abdomen and extremities without findings of interest.
Complementary tests
"Haemogram: leukocytosis with neutrophilia.
"Biochemistry: elevation of acute phase reactants.
"Arterial blood gases: acute respiratory failure.
"Chest X-ray: bilateral alveolointerstitial infiltrates of unidentified aetiology.
"Blood cultures, urine cultures, pneumococcal and Legionella antigen in urine, serology in bronchioloalveolar lavage, serum galactomannan.
Diagnosis
Given the patient's clinical situation and the poor evolution on the ward despite treatment, the possibility that the condition was due to pharmacological pneumonitis in the context of treatment with everolimus is beginning to take shape.
Treatment
For this reason, in addition to maintaining broad-spectrum antibiotherapy (oseltamivir, meropenem and cotrimoxazole), corticotherapy was started at a dose of 2mg/kg/day.
Evolution
In the first hours of admission to the ICU, the patient remained conscious, haemodynamically stable with a tendency to hypotension and the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), with good adaptation to it.
After 48 hours, the clinical evolution was poor, with a worsening of haemodynamic parameters and the start of vasoactive treatment with noradrenaline and the need for orotacheal intubation (OTI). Of note was the appearance of an erythematous skin rash on the chest, abdomen and extremities.
In the days following admission to the ICU, haemodynamic and clinical improvement was observed, which allowed withdrawal of noradrenaline and progress in weaning until the patient was extubated and remained on NIV, progressing in the disconnections. Laboratory tests showed a decrease in acute phase reactants and the results of all cultures were negative.
Given the patient's stability, he was discharged from the ICU and readmitted to the oncology ward, where grade IV everolimus toxicity was declared to the Spanish Medicines Agency and corticotherapy was progressively reduced and intensive rehabilitation was carried out due to severe myopathy of the critical patient until discharge home and follow-up in outpatient clinics.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"65-year-old",
"woman",
"diagnosed",
"in",
"1993",
"with",
"infiltrating",
"ductal",
"carcinoma",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"breast",
"T2N2M0",
"and",
"treated",
"by",
"radical",
"surgery",
",",
"locoregional",
"radiotherapy",
",",
"chemotherapy",
"(",
"adriamycin",
"four",
"cycles",
"and",
"cyclophosphamide",
",",
"methotrexate",
"and",
"fluorouracil",
"eight",
"cycles",
")",
"and",
"hormone",
"therapy",
"(",
"tamoxifen",
"1997-1999",
",",
"toremifene",
"1999-2002",
")",
".",
"In",
"April",
"2014",
",",
"there",
"was",
"evidence",
"of",
"pleuropulmonary",
",",
"mediastinal",
"lymph",
"node",
"and",
"bone",
"recurrence",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"paclitaxel-bevacizumab",
"plus",
"zoledronic",
"acid",
"and",
"letrozole",
".",
"In",
"November",
"of",
"that",
"year",
",",
"radiological",
"progression",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"with",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"pleural",
"effusion",
",",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"everolimus-exemestane",
"was",
"started",
".",
"During",
"treatment",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"improvement",
"in",
"radiological",
"findings",
"and",
"tumour",
"markers",
".",
"After",
"3",
"months",
",",
"she",
"began",
"with",
"mild",
"subacute",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"dry",
"cough",
"and",
"a",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"a",
"partial",
"response",
",",
"so",
"treatment",
"was",
"maintained",
".",
"In",
"February",
"2015",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"due",
"to",
"fever",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"on",
"moderate",
"exertion",
"and",
"cough",
".",
"A",
"simple",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"revealed",
"a",
"slight",
"left",
"pleural",
"effusion",
"as",
"the",
"only",
"known",
"finding",
".",
"After",
"taking",
"cultures",
",",
"a",
"respiratory",
"infection",
"was",
"suspected",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Oncology",
"Department",
"for",
"treatment",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
".",
"Three",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"oncology",
"department",
",",
"he",
"persisted",
"with",
"high",
"fever",
"and",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"hypotension",
"and",
"tachypnoea",
",",
"so",
"the",
"treatment",
"was",
"extended",
"to",
"include",
"oseltamivir",
",",
"meropenem",
"and",
"vancomycin",
".",
"Despite",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"worsened",
"markedly",
"with",
"intense",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"severe",
"hypoxia",
",",
"hypotension",
"and",
"tachycardia",
",",
"and",
"an",
"urgent",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"findings",
"suggestive",
"of",
"bilateral",
"pneumonia",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"possibility",
".",
"In",
"acute",
"respiratory",
"failure",
",",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
"(",
"ICU",
")",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Conscious",
",",
"oriented",
".",
"Febrile",
",",
"tachypnoeic",
";",
"blood",
"pressure",
"85",
"/",
"55",
"mm",
"Hg",
";",
"heart",
"rate",
"130",
"bpm",
".",
"Saturation",
"80",
"%",
"without",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"rhythmic",
"tones",
"without",
"murmurs",
".",
"Generalised",
"hypoventilation",
".",
"Abdomen",
"and",
"extremities",
"without",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"\"",
"Haemogram",
":",
"leukocytosis",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
".",
"\"",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"elevation",
"of",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
".",
"\"",
"Arterial",
"blood",
"gases",
":",
"acute",
"respiratory",
"failure",
".",
"\"",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"bilateral",
"alveolointerstitial",
"infiltrates",
"of",
"unidentified",
"aetiology",
".",
"\"",
"Blood",
"cultures",
",",
"urine",
"cultures",
",",
"pneumococcal",
"and",
"Legionella",
"antigen",
"in",
"urine",
",",
"serology",
"in",
"bronchioloalveolar",
"lavage",
",",
"serum",
"galactomannan",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"clinical",
"situation",
"and",
"the",
"poor",
"evolution",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
"despite",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"possibility",
"that",
"the",
"condition",
"was",
"due",
"to",
"pharmacological",
"pneumonitis",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"treatment",
"with",
"everolimus",
"is",
"beginning",
"to",
"take",
"shape",
".",
"Treatment",
"For",
"this",
"reason",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"maintaining",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotherapy",
"(",
"oseltamivir",
",",
"meropenem",
"and",
"cotrimoxazole",
")",
",",
"corticotherapy",
"was",
"started",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"2mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
".",
"Evolution",
"In",
"the",
"first",
"hours",
"of",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"conscious",
",",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"with",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"hypotension",
"and",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"non-invasive",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
"(",
"NIV",
")",
",",
"with",
"good",
"adaptation",
"to",
"it",
".",
"After",
"48",
"hours",
",",
"the",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"was",
"poor",
",",
"with",
"a",
"worsening",
"of",
"haemodynamic",
"parameters",
"and",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"vasoactive",
"treatment",
"with",
"noradrenaline",
"and",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"orotacheal",
"intubation",
"(",
"OTI",
")",
".",
"Of",
"note",
"was",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"an",
"erythematous",
"skin",
"rash",
"on",
"the",
"chest",
",",
"abdomen",
"and",
"extremities",
".",
"In",
"the",
"days",
"following",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"haemodynamic",
"and",
"clinical",
"improvement",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"which",
"allowed",
"withdrawal",
"of",
"noradrenaline",
"and",
"progress",
"in",
"weaning",
"until",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"extubated",
"and",
"remained",
"on",
"NIV",
",",
"progressing",
"in",
"the",
"disconnections",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"and",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"all",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"stability",
",",
"he",
"was",
"discharged",
"from",
"the",
"ICU",
"and",
"readmitted",
"to",
"the",
"oncology",
"ward",
",",
"where",
"grade",
"IV",
"everolimus",
"toxicity",
"was",
"declared",
"to",
"the",
"Spanish",
"Medicines",
"Agency",
"and",
"corticotherapy",
"was",
"progressively",
"reduced",
"and",
"intensive",
"rehabilitation",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"due",
"to",
"severe",
"myopathy",
"of",
"the",
"critical",
"patient",
"until",
"discharge",
"home",
"and",
"follow-up",
"in",
"outpatient",
"clinics",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 951,
"end": 958
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1230,
"end": 1237
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1554,
"end": 1561
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2435,
"end": 2445
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2545,
"end": 2552
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3014,
"end": 3021
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3650,
"end": 3657
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3846,
"end": 3853
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4144,
"end": 4151
}
] | en |
Personal history
No personal history of interest. Native of Benin, he had been living in Burkina Faso and Algeria where he presented with fever, pain in the upper limbs and macular hypesthetic skin lesions receiving treatment that we do not know.
Current illness
In September 2009, he arrived in Algeciras by boat, where he presented fever, pain in the tip of the finger on the right side and semiology of pleural effusion. Among other complementary examinations, thoracentesis was performed with cell count with pleocytosis of lymphocytic predominance and elevated adenosine deaminase, cataloguing it as a possible tuberculous aetiology and initiating specific treatment. The patient was transferred to the Red Cross Reception Centre in Puente Genil (Córdoba) and as general symptoms persisted and the patient reported diffuse abdominal discomfort, nausea and progressive loss of vision, we were referred for assessment and treatment. The patient also presented with rhinorrhoea, loss of distal sensitivity in both lower limbs and hypochromic macules for several months.
Physical examination
On examination he was in good general condition, well nourished and hydrated. He was afebrile, eupneic, with bilateral leucomas on the face and skull, without lagophthalmos. Cardiorespiratory auscultation was normal. He had pain on palpation in the right hemiabdomen and cryptorchidism, as well as retraction of the fifth finger of the left hand, and necrosis of the tips of the toes of both feet. Distributed all over the trunk and less on the upper limbs, there were several macular lesions of different sizes, hypoesthetic and hypochromic. No lymph nodes were palpable at any level. Neurological examination revealed bilateral interosseous and hypothenar atrophy; decreased strength in the quadriceps and hamstrings; paresis of the left sciatic-popliteal muscles with equine gait; hypoactive bicipital osteotendinous reflexes; preserved algesic sensitivity up to the distal third of the arms and legs, with positional and vibratory anaesthesia; stable standing and negative Romberg; normal coordination and tabetic gait.
Complementary examinations
General laboratory tests showed normal haemacytometry (absence of eosinophilia); complete biochemistry normal except for CK 673 U/L; elemental urinalysis was normal.
Sputum smears and serial sputum cultures were negative. Serology for HIV, hepatitis B and C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Leishmania and Toxoplasma were negative for acute infection. Tuberculin test with 12 mm induration.
Chest X-ray showed obliteration of the right costophrenic sinus. Abdominal ultrasound showed no remarkable findings. Bone mapping was performed, showing calcification at the interosseous margins of both knees (Pedegrini-Stiese disease), Dupuytren's contracture in the right hand (fifth finger) and loss of the last phalanges of both feet.
The electroneurogram and electromyogram of the peroneal and ulnar nerves showed severe polyneuropathic, sensory and motor involvement, of a demyelinating nature and extending to the upper and lower limbs.
Clinical judgement
Multibacillary leprosy. Probable pleural tuberculosis.
Evolution
The patient underwent a multidisciplinary assessment by dermatology, neurology and ophthalmology, all of which concluded that the patient had leprosy.
The following recommendations were made to the patient:
- Daily hand and foot mobilisation exercises.
- Daily skin care, with daily shower washing, using gel with moisturising cream, then drying and applying moisturising oil all over the body, and finally applying restructuring cream, especially to the hands and feet.
- Avoid exposure to heat in non-sensitive areas.
- Use soft footwear, preferably adapted footwear.
- Daily eye care with application of artificial eye drops (one drop every 1-2 hours during the day) and epithelialising ointment at night at bedtime.
The patient was treated for tuberculosis, receiving rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for two months and rifampicin and isoniazid for the following four months. To this regimen, dapsone 100 mg was added, one tablet daily for one year (the patient had already completed standardised treatment with three drugs - dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine - for more than a year).
After the initial treatment, the patient went for a check-up on 15 April 2010 and was found to be stable, with no new medical problems. Contact has been made with the Fontilles Centre where the patient will be sent for assessment and follow-up. He is awaiting corneal transplant surgery by the Ophthalmology Service.
| [
"Personal",
"history",
"No",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Native",
"of",
"Benin",
",",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"living",
"in",
"Burkina",
"Faso",
"and",
"Algeria",
"where",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
"and",
"macular",
"hypesthetic",
"skin",
"lesions",
"receiving",
"treatment",
"that",
"we",
"do",
"not",
"know",
".",
"Current",
"illness",
"In",
"September",
"2009",
",",
"he",
"arrived",
"in",
"Algeciras",
"by",
"boat",
",",
"where",
"he",
"presented",
"fever",
",",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"tip",
"of",
"the",
"finger",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"side",
"and",
"semiology",
"of",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"Among",
"other",
"complementary",
"examinations",
",",
"thoracentesis",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"cell",
"count",
"with",
"pleocytosis",
"of",
"lymphocytic",
"predominance",
"and",
"elevated",
"adenosine",
"deaminase",
",",
"cataloguing",
"it",
"as",
"a",
"possible",
"tuberculous",
"aetiology",
"and",
"initiating",
"specific",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"Red",
"Cross",
"Reception",
"Centre",
"in",
"Puente",
"Genil",
"(",
"Córdoba",
")",
"and",
"as",
"general",
"symptoms",
"persisted",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"diffuse",
"abdominal",
"discomfort",
",",
"nausea",
"and",
"progressive",
"loss",
"of",
"vision",
",",
"we",
"were",
"referred",
"for",
"assessment",
"and",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"also",
"presented",
"with",
"rhinorrhoea",
",",
"loss",
"of",
"distal",
"sensitivity",
"in",
"both",
"lower",
"limbs",
"and",
"hypochromic",
"macules",
"for",
"several",
"months",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"On",
"examination",
"he",
"was",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"well",
"nourished",
"and",
"hydrated",
".",
"He",
"was",
"afebrile",
",",
"eupneic",
",",
"with",
"bilateral",
"leucomas",
"on",
"the",
"face",
"and",
"skull",
",",
"without",
"lagophthalmos",
".",
"Cardiorespiratory",
"auscultation",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"He",
"had",
"pain",
"on",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hemiabdomen",
"and",
"cryptorchidism",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"retraction",
"of",
"the",
"fifth",
"finger",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"hand",
",",
"and",
"necrosis",
"of",
"the",
"tips",
"of",
"the",
"toes",
"of",
"both",
"feet",
".",
"Distributed",
"all",
"over",
"the",
"trunk",
"and",
"less",
"on",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
",",
"there",
"were",
"several",
"macular",
"lesions",
"of",
"different",
"sizes",
",",
"hypoesthetic",
"and",
"hypochromic",
".",
"No",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"were",
"palpable",
"at",
"any",
"level",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"bilateral",
"interosseous",
"and",
"hypothenar",
"atrophy",
";",
"decreased",
"strength",
"in",
"the",
"quadriceps",
"and",
"hamstrings",
";",
"paresis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"sciatic-popliteal",
"muscles",
"with",
"equine",
"gait",
";",
"hypoactive",
"bicipital",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
";",
"preserved",
"algesic",
"sensitivity",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"distal",
"third",
"of",
"the",
"arms",
"and",
"legs",
",",
"with",
"positional",
"and",
"vibratory",
"anaesthesia",
";",
"stable",
"standing",
"and",
"negative",
"Romberg",
";",
"normal",
"coordination",
"and",
"tabetic",
"gait",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"General",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"normal",
"haemacytometry",
"(",
"absence",
"of",
"eosinophilia",
")",
";",
"complete",
"biochemistry",
"normal",
"except",
"for",
"CK",
"673",
"U",
"/",
"L",
";",
"elemental",
"urinalysis",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Sputum",
"smears",
"and",
"serial",
"sputum",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Serology",
"for",
"HIV",
",",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"and",
"C",
"virus",
",",
"Epstein-Barr",
"virus",
",",
"Cytomegalovirus",
",",
"Leishmania",
"and",
"Toxoplasma",
"were",
"negative",
"for",
"acute",
"infection",
".",
"Tuberculin",
"test",
"with",
"12",
"mm",
"induration",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"obliteration",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"costophrenic",
"sinus",
".",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"showed",
"no",
"remarkable",
"findings",
".",
"Bone",
"mapping",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"calcification",
"at",
"the",
"interosseous",
"margins",
"of",
"both",
"knees",
"(",
"Pedegrini-Stiese",
"disease",
")",
",",
"Dupuytren",
"'",
"s",
"contracture",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
"(",
"fifth",
"finger",
")",
"and",
"loss",
"of",
"the",
"last",
"phalanges",
"of",
"both",
"feet",
".",
"The",
"electroneurogram",
"and",
"electromyogram",
"of",
"the",
"peroneal",
"and",
"ulnar",
"nerves",
"showed",
"severe",
"polyneuropathic",
",",
"sensory",
"and",
"motor",
"involvement",
",",
"of",
"a",
"demyelinating",
"nature",
"and",
"extending",
"to",
"the",
"upper",
"and",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"Clinical",
"judgement",
"Multibacillary",
"leprosy",
".",
"Probable",
"pleural",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"underwent",
"a",
"multidisciplinary",
"assessment",
"by",
"dermatology",
",",
"neurology",
"and",
"ophthalmology",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"leprosy",
".",
"The",
"following",
"recommendations",
"were",
"made",
"to",
"the",
"patient",
":",
"-",
"Daily",
"hand",
"and",
"foot",
"mobilisation",
"exercises",
".",
"-",
"Daily",
"skin",
"care",
",",
"with",
"daily",
"shower",
"washing",
",",
"using",
"gel",
"with",
"moisturising",
"cream",
",",
"then",
"drying",
"and",
"applying",
"moisturising",
"oil",
"all",
"over",
"the",
"body",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"applying",
"restructuring",
"cream",
",",
"especially",
"to",
"the",
"hands",
"and",
"feet",
".",
"-",
"Avoid",
"exposure",
"to",
"heat",
"in",
"non-sensitive",
"areas",
".",
"-",
"Use",
"soft",
"footwear",
",",
"preferably",
"adapted",
"footwear",
".",
"-",
"Daily",
"eye",
"care",
"with",
"application",
"of",
"artificial",
"eye",
"drops",
"(",
"one",
"drop",
"every",
"1-2",
"hours",
"during",
"the",
"day",
")",
"and",
"epithelialising",
"ointment",
"at",
"night",
"at",
"bedtime",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"for",
"tuberculosis",
",",
"receiving",
"rifampicin",
",",
"isoniazid",
",",
"pyrazinamide",
"and",
"ethambutol",
"for",
"two",
"months",
"and",
"rifampicin",
"and",
"isoniazid",
"for",
"the",
"following",
"four",
"months",
".",
"To",
"this",
"regimen",
",",
"dapsone",
"100",
"mg",
"was",
"added",
",",
"one",
"tablet",
"daily",
"for",
"one",
"year",
"(",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"already",
"completed",
"standardised",
"treatment",
"with",
"three",
"drugs",
"-",
"dapsone",
",",
"rifampicin",
"and",
"clofazimine",
"-",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"a",
"year",
")",
".",
"After",
"the",
"initial",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"went",
"for",
"a",
"check-up",
"on",
"15",
"April",
"2010",
"and",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"stable",
",",
"with",
"no",
"new",
"medical",
"problems",
".",
"Contact",
"has",
"been",
"made",
"with",
"the",
"Fontilles",
"Centre",
"where",
"the",
"patient",
"will",
"be",
"sent",
"for",
"assessment",
"and",
"follow-up",
".",
"He",
"is",
"awaiting",
"corneal",
"transplant",
"surgery",
"by",
"the",
"Ophthalmology",
"Service",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 20,
"end": 28
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 678,
"end": 685
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 804,
"end": 811
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 941,
"end": 948
},
{
"text": "Cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2432,
"end": 2447
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2449,
"end": 2459
},
{
"text": "Toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2464,
"end": 2474
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2382,
"end": 2385
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2412,
"end": 2430
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B and C virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2387,
"end": 2410
},
{
"text": "Tuberculin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2510,
"end": 2520
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3183,
"end": 3190
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3309,
"end": 3316
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3378,
"end": 3385
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3905,
"end": 3912
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4157,
"end": 4164
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4323,
"end": 4330
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4484,
"end": 4491
}
] | en |
We present the case of a 28-year-old Spanish male, institutionalised in prison since December 2009 and with no history of interest except for bronchial asthma being treated with inhaled bronchodilators. Prior to his admission to prison, he lived in the north-east of Brazil, in the state of Ceará, from March 2008 to August 2009, in suburban areas ("favelas"). During his stay in Brazil, he reports drinking tap water and fresh salads and walking barefoot in mud. He also reports suffering from a self-limited diarrhoea of unclear origin. Twelve months after his admission to prison, he began to suffer from a marked general syndrome with progressive asthenia and a weight loss of 10 kg, accompanied by dizziness, occasional headaches and dyspepsia. He presented two episodes of liquid diarrhoea, accompanied by abdominal pain and without the presence of pathological products. Examination revealed only a marked pallor of the skin and mucous membranes. Blood tests showed haemoglobin 9.4 g/dL, haematocrit 29.3%, mean corpuscular volume 65fL, leukocytes 10,900/mm3 (eosinophils 2,800/mm3), platelets 431,000/mm3. HIV, hepatitis B and C serologies were negative. He was referred for admission to his referral hospital, where complete biochemistry, including liver function tests and chest X-ray, showed no abnormalities. Stool parasite studies were performed on 3 consecutive samples by the etherformol concentration technique, showing the presence of uncinaria eggs. Strongyloides stercoralis serology was positive by ELISA with a titration of 0.6 optical density units. Treatment with albendazole 400 mg/12 hours (d.u.) and ivermectin 200 micrograms/kg/day on two consecutive days together with oral ferric sulphate was prescribed for 3 months.
After 3 months of treatment, recovery of all haematological parameters and negativation of both the coproparasitological analysis of intestinal parasites and serology for Strongiloydes stercoralis were observed.
| [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"28-year-old",
"Spanish",
"male",
",",
"institutionalised",
"in",
"prison",
"since",
"December",
"2009",
"and",
"with",
"no",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"except",
"for",
"bronchial",
"asthma",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"inhaled",
"bronchodilators",
".",
"Prior",
"to",
"his",
"admission",
"to",
"prison",
",",
"he",
"lived",
"in",
"the",
"north-east",
"of",
"Brazil",
",",
"in",
"the",
"state",
"of",
"Ceará",
",",
"from",
"March",
"2008",
"to",
"August",
"2009",
",",
"in",
"suburban",
"areas",
"(",
"\"",
"favelas",
"\"",
")",
".",
"During",
"his",
"stay",
"in",
"Brazil",
",",
"he",
"reports",
"drinking",
"tap",
"water",
"and",
"fresh",
"salads",
"and",
"walking",
"barefoot",
"in",
"mud",
".",
"He",
"also",
"reports",
"suffering",
"from",
"a",
"self-limited",
"diarrhoea",
"of",
"unclear",
"origin",
".",
"Twelve",
"months",
"after",
"his",
"admission",
"to",
"prison",
",",
"he",
"began",
"to",
"suffer",
"from",
"a",
"marked",
"general",
"syndrome",
"with",
"progressive",
"asthenia",
"and",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"10",
"kg",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"dizziness",
",",
"occasional",
"headaches",
"and",
"dyspepsia",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"two",
"episodes",
"of",
"liquid",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"and",
"without",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"pathological",
"products",
".",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"only",
"a",
"marked",
"pallor",
"of",
"the",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"haemoglobin",
"9",
".",
"4",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"haematocrit",
"29",
".",
"3",
"%",
",",
"mean",
"corpuscular",
"volume",
"65fL",
",",
"leukocytes",
"10",
",",
"900",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"eosinophils",
"2",
",",
"800",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
",",
"platelets",
"431",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"HIV",
",",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"and",
"C",
"serologies",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"He",
"was",
"referred",
"for",
"admission",
"to",
"his",
"referral",
"hospital",
",",
"where",
"complete",
"biochemistry",
",",
"including",
"liver",
"function",
"tests",
"and",
"chest",
"X-ray",
",",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"Stool",
"parasite",
"studies",
"were",
"performed",
"on",
"3",
"consecutive",
"samples",
"by",
"the",
"etherformol",
"concentration",
"technique",
",",
"showing",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"uncinaria",
"eggs",
".",
"Strongyloides",
"stercoralis",
"serology",
"was",
"positive",
"by",
"ELISA",
"with",
"a",
"titration",
"of",
"0",
".",
"6",
"optical",
"density",
"units",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"albendazole",
"400",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"(",
"d",
".",
"u",
".",
")",
"and",
"ivermectin",
"200",
"micrograms",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
"on",
"two",
"consecutive",
"days",
"together",
"with",
"oral",
"ferric",
"sulphate",
"was",
"prescribed",
"for",
"3",
"months",
".",
"After",
"3",
"months",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"recovery",
"of",
"all",
"haematological",
"parameters",
"and",
"negativation",
"of",
"both",
"the",
"coproparasitological",
"analysis",
"of",
"intestinal",
"parasites",
"and",
"serology",
"for",
"Strongiloydes",
"stercoralis",
"were",
"observed",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Strongyloides stercoralis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1468,
"end": 1493
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1114,
"end": 1117
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1327,
"end": 1335
},
{
"text": "uncinaria eggs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1452,
"end": 1466
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 45,
"end": 49
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1119,
"end": 1130
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B and C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1119,
"end": 1136
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1892,
"end": 1901
},
{
"text": "intestinal parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1881,
"end": 1901
},
{
"text": "coproparasitological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1848,
"end": 1868
},
{
"text": "Strongiloydes stercoralis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1919,
"end": 1944
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 37-year-old man, with no medical or surgical history of interest, presented to the Emergency Department with a clinical picture of sudden onset of unilateral mydriasis and blurred vision while working at the computer. When he covered his eyes, first one and then the other, he noticed that he could see worse with his left eye. His wife told him that his left pupil was dilated. No history of headache, no nausea or vomiting. No loss of strength or sensory disturbance.
In view of this finding, the patient was admitted to the Neurology Department. Once hospitalised, he was assessed and re-examined by the neurologist. The patient commented that prior to the onset of the described symptoms he had been handling plants. He reported having a garden at home and engaging in gardening activities on a regular basis. However, on the evening prior to his admission he came into contact with a new plant, which he had never handled before, with purple bell-shaped flowers and shiny black berries. He commented that he had been cutting some fleshy leaves and, without washing his hands, he touched his face and put on his glasses. After 15 minutes he started showing the signs and symptoms that prompted him to go to the emergency department.
Physical examination
The general physical examination was unremarkable. The neurological examination showed anisocoria with mydriasis arreactiva of the left pupil. The rest of the neurological examination showed no alterations.
Complementary tests
- CBC: blood count, biochemistry and basic coagulation within normal limits.
- Chest X-ray: no evidence of acute pleuropulmonary pathology.
- Cranial CT scan: normal.
- Pilocarpine test: no miosis in response to 1% pilocarpine.
Diagnosis
Pharmacological mydriasis secondary to contact with Atropa belladonna.
Treatment and evolution
Given the suspicion of toxic mydriasis due to contact with plants, the patient remained under observation. After showing him photographs of the different toxic plant species, it was confirmed that the plant responsible was Atropa belladonna.
The evolution was favourable. After 48 hours he presented complete recovery of the visual deficit and normalisation of the pupillary diameter and reflex response.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"37-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"no",
"medical",
"or",
"surgical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"with",
"a",
"clinical",
"picture",
"of",
"sudden",
"onset",
"of",
"unilateral",
"mydriasis",
"and",
"blurred",
"vision",
"while",
"working",
"at",
"the",
"computer",
".",
"When",
"he",
"covered",
"his",
"eyes",
",",
"first",
"one",
"and",
"then",
"the",
"other",
",",
"he",
"noticed",
"that",
"he",
"could",
"see",
"worse",
"with",
"his",
"left",
"eye",
".",
"His",
"wife",
"told",
"him",
"that",
"his",
"left",
"pupil",
"was",
"dilated",
".",
"No",
"history",
"of",
"headache",
",",
"no",
"nausea",
"or",
"vomiting",
".",
"No",
"loss",
"of",
"strength",
"or",
"sensory",
"disturbance",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"this",
"finding",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Neurology",
"Department",
".",
"Once",
"hospitalised",
",",
"he",
"was",
"assessed",
"and",
"re-examined",
"by",
"the",
"neurologist",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"commented",
"that",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"described",
"symptoms",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"handling",
"plants",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"having",
"a",
"garden",
"at",
"home",
"and",
"engaging",
"in",
"gardening",
"activities",
"on",
"a",
"regular",
"basis",
".",
"However",
",",
"on",
"the",
"evening",
"prior",
"to",
"his",
"admission",
"he",
"came",
"into",
"contact",
"with",
"a",
"new",
"plant",
",",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"never",
"handled",
"before",
",",
"with",
"purple",
"bell-shaped",
"flowers",
"and",
"shiny",
"black",
"berries",
".",
"He",
"commented",
"that",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"cutting",
"some",
"fleshy",
"leaves",
"and",
",",
"without",
"washing",
"his",
"hands",
",",
"he",
"touched",
"his",
"face",
"and",
"put",
"on",
"his",
"glasses",
".",
"After",
"15",
"minutes",
"he",
"started",
"showing",
"the",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"that",
"prompted",
"him",
"to",
"go",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"The",
"general",
"physical",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
".",
"The",
"neurological",
"examination",
"showed",
"anisocoria",
"with",
"mydriasis",
"arreactiva",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"pupil",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"neurological",
"examination",
"showed",
"no",
"alterations",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"CBC",
":",
"blood",
"count",
",",
"biochemistry",
"and",
"basic",
"coagulation",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"acute",
"pleuropulmonary",
"pathology",
".",
"-",
"Cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Pilocarpine",
"test",
":",
"no",
"miosis",
"in",
"response",
"to",
"1",
"%",
"pilocarpine",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Pharmacological",
"mydriasis",
"secondary",
"to",
"contact",
"with",
"Atropa",
"belladonna",
".",
"Treatment",
"and",
"evolution",
"Given",
"the",
"suspicion",
"of",
"toxic",
"mydriasis",
"due",
"to",
"contact",
"with",
"plants",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"under",
"observation",
".",
"After",
"showing",
"him",
"photographs",
"of",
"the",
"different",
"toxic",
"plant",
"species",
",",
"it",
"was",
"confirmed",
"that",
"the",
"plant",
"responsible",
"was",
"Atropa",
"belladonna",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"favourable",
".",
"After",
"48",
"hours",
"he",
"presented",
"complete",
"recovery",
"of",
"the",
"visual",
"deficit",
"and",
"normalisation",
"of",
"the",
"pupillary",
"diameter",
"and",
"reflex",
"response",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "neurologist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 619,
"end": 630
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 511,
"end": 518
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 636,
"end": 643
},
{
"text": "plants",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 725,
"end": 731
},
{
"text": "plant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 905,
"end": 910
},
{
"text": "flowers",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 971,
"end": 978
},
{
"text": "berries",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 995,
"end": 1002
},
{
"text": "Atropa belladonna",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1790,
"end": 1807
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2000,
"end": 2007
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1905,
"end": 1912
},
{
"text": "plants",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1893,
"end": 1899
},
{
"text": "Atropa belladonna",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2057,
"end": 2074
},
{
"text": "plant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1994,
"end": 1999
},
{
"text": "plant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2035,
"end": 2040
}
] | en |
Patient referred to Cardiology from Neurology for assessment.
History, current illness and physical examination
Family history: Mother with tongue-tie without facial paralysis. Two brothers and two nephews with Steinert's syndrome. Two healthy children.
Current history: The patient presented with new electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities consisting of a PR of 280 milliseconds (msg), QRS of 150 msg, with an image of complete left bundle branch block (LBBB).
Electrocardiogram two years earlier with no conduction disturbances. He was assessed as an outpatient at the Cardiology Department, and pacemaker implantation was requested. The patient denies syncope, presyncope, palpitations or other symptoms.
Complementary tests
- ECG on admission: Sinus rhythm at 75 bpm. PR 240-280 msg. QRS of 150 msg. BCRI.
- ECG in Neurology consultations in 2010: Sinus rhythm at 70 bpm. PR 180-200 msg. QRS of 80 msg. No alterations in intraventricular conduction.
- Blood tests: Glucose, ions and renal function normal. No anaemia or leukopenia. Plateletopenia of 84,000 platelets mm3.
- Transthoracic echocardiography: Left ventricle not dilated or hypertrophic. Left atrium not dilated. Non-thickened thin leaflet mitral valve with jet of mild central insufficiency. Mitral filling pattern with E>A wave. Trivalve aortic valve with adequate opening and closing. Aortic root and ascending aorta of normal size. Preserved left ventricular ejection fraction without segmental contractility defects. Right chambers normal in size and function. Mild tricuspid regurgitation directed medially with an atrioventricular gradient of 17 mmHg, which allows estimating a pulmonary artery pressure of 30 mmHg. Trivial pulmonary insufficiency. Non-collapsed, non-dilated vena cava. No pericardial effusion.
- Chest X-ray: Cardiac silhouette at the limit of normality without alterations at pulmonary parenchyma level. No pleural effusion.
Clinical evolution
The patient was admitted on a scheduled basis for pacemaker implantation due to the appearance in the ECG of conduction disturbances that were not previously present without being associated with structural heart disease.
Diagnosis
Steinert's disease with conduction disturbances requiring definitive pacing.
| [
"Patient",
"referred",
"to",
"Cardiology",
"from",
"Neurology",
"for",
"assessment",
".",
"History",
",",
"current",
"illness",
"and",
"physical",
"examination",
"Family",
"history",
":",
"Mother",
"with",
"tongue-tie",
"without",
"facial",
"paralysis",
".",
"Two",
"brothers",
"and",
"two",
"nephews",
"with",
"Steinert",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome",
".",
"Two",
"healthy",
"children",
".",
"Current",
"history",
":",
"The",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"new",
"electrocardiogram",
"(",
"ECG",
")",
"abnormalities",
"consisting",
"of",
"a",
"PR",
"of",
"280",
"milliseconds",
"(",
"msg",
")",
",",
"QRS",
"of",
"150",
"msg",
",",
"with",
"an",
"image",
"of",
"complete",
"left",
"bundle",
"branch",
"block",
"(",
"LBBB",
")",
".",
"Electrocardiogram",
"two",
"years",
"earlier",
"with",
"no",
"conduction",
"disturbances",
".",
"He",
"was",
"assessed",
"as",
"an",
"outpatient",
"at",
"the",
"Cardiology",
"Department",
",",
"and",
"pacemaker",
"implantation",
"was",
"requested",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"denies",
"syncope",
",",
"presyncope",
",",
"palpitations",
"or",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"ECG",
"on",
"admission",
":",
"Sinus",
"rhythm",
"at",
"75",
"bpm",
".",
"PR",
"240-280",
"msg",
".",
"QRS",
"of",
"150",
"msg",
".",
"BCRI",
".",
"-",
"ECG",
"in",
"Neurology",
"consultations",
"in",
"2010",
":",
"Sinus",
"rhythm",
"at",
"70",
"bpm",
".",
"PR",
"180-200",
"msg",
".",
"QRS",
"of",
"80",
"msg",
".",
"No",
"alterations",
"in",
"intraventricular",
"conduction",
".",
"-",
"Blood",
"tests",
":",
"Glucose",
",",
"ions",
"and",
"renal",
"function",
"normal",
".",
"No",
"anaemia",
"or",
"leukopenia",
".",
"Plateletopenia",
"of",
"84",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
"mm3",
".",
"-",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
":",
"Left",
"ventricle",
"not",
"dilated",
"or",
"hypertrophic",
".",
"Left",
"atrium",
"not",
"dilated",
".",
"Non-thickened",
"thin",
"leaflet",
"mitral",
"valve",
"with",
"jet",
"of",
"mild",
"central",
"insufficiency",
".",
"Mitral",
"filling",
"pattern",
"with",
"E",
">",
"A",
"wave",
".",
"Trivalve",
"aortic",
"valve",
"with",
"adequate",
"opening",
"and",
"closing",
".",
"Aortic",
"root",
"and",
"ascending",
"aorta",
"of",
"normal",
"size",
".",
"Preserved",
"left",
"ventricular",
"ejection",
"fraction",
"without",
"segmental",
"contractility",
"defects",
".",
"Right",
"chambers",
"normal",
"in",
"size",
"and",
"function",
".",
"Mild",
"tricuspid",
"regurgitation",
"directed",
"medially",
"with",
"an",
"atrioventricular",
"gradient",
"of",
"17",
"mmHg",
",",
"which",
"allows",
"estimating",
"a",
"pulmonary",
"artery",
"pressure",
"of",
"30",
"mmHg",
".",
"Trivial",
"pulmonary",
"insufficiency",
".",
"Non-collapsed",
",",
"non-dilated",
"vena",
"cava",
".",
"No",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"Cardiac",
"silhouette",
"at",
"the",
"limit",
"of",
"normality",
"without",
"alterations",
"at",
"pulmonary",
"parenchyma",
"level",
".",
"No",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"Clinical",
"evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"on",
"a",
"scheduled",
"basis",
"for",
"pacemaker",
"implantation",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"appearance",
"in",
"the",
"ECG",
"of",
"conduction",
"disturbances",
"that",
"were",
"not",
"previously",
"present",
"without",
"being",
"associated",
"with",
"structural",
"heart",
"disease",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Steinert",
"'",
"s",
"disease",
"with",
"conduction",
"disturbances",
"requiring",
"definitive",
"pacing",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 7
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 115,
"end": 121
},
{
"text": "brothers",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 184,
"end": 192
},
{
"text": "children",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 247,
"end": 255
},
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 131,
"end": 137
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 279,
"end": 286
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 643,
"end": 650
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1945,
"end": 1952
}
] | en |
female, 14 years old, history of resolved egg allergy, presented with anaphylaxis after ingestion of goat's cheese at 5 years of age. She tolerates LV and derivatives, which she consumes frequently, although she presents several reactions due to accidental consumption (using the same pizza cutter for 4-cheese pizza and pizza without goat cheese).
Specific Ig E: goat milk 71.8; sheep milk 69.9; cow milk 0.72; casein 1.32; ALA and BLG negative.
SDS-Page/Inmunoblot was performed, confirming sensitisation to LCO, mainly to casein.
| [
"female",
",",
"14",
"years",
"old",
",",
"history",
"of",
"resolved",
"egg",
"allergy",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"anaphylaxis",
"after",
"ingestion",
"of",
"goat",
"'",
"s",
"cheese",
"at",
"5",
"years",
"of",
"age",
".",
"She",
"tolerates",
"LV",
"and",
"derivatives",
",",
"which",
"she",
"consumes",
"frequently",
",",
"although",
"she",
"presents",
"several",
"reactions",
"due",
"to",
"accidental",
"consumption",
"(",
"using",
"the",
"same",
"pizza",
"cutter",
"for",
"4-cheese",
"pizza",
"and",
"pizza",
"without",
"goat",
"cheese",
")",
".",
"Specific",
"Ig",
"E",
":",
"goat",
"milk",
"71",
".",
"8",
";",
"sheep",
"milk",
"69",
".",
"9",
";",
"cow",
"milk",
"0",
".",
"72",
";",
"casein",
"1",
".",
"32",
";",
"ALA",
"and",
"BLG",
"negative",
".",
"SDS-Page",
"/",
"Inmunoblot",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"confirming",
"sensitisation",
"to",
"LCO",
",",
"mainly",
"to",
"casein",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "goat",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 101,
"end": 105
},
{
"text": "goat",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 335,
"end": 339
},
{
"text": "female",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 6
},
{
"text": "goat",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 364,
"end": 368
},
{
"text": "sheep",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 380,
"end": 385
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 397,
"end": 400
}
] | en |
A 46 year-old man came for consultation due to viral conjunctivitis in the right eye (OD) of ten days' evolution that had not improved with treatment with tobramycin and dexamethasone.
His personal history includes condylomas on the penis without urethritis six months ago and current permissive sexual relations.
Ophthalmological examination showed visual acuity in OD of light perception and projection. Biomicroscopy of the anterior pole of the eye showed superior corneal thinning with an imminent risk of ocular perforation, so the patient was treated with corneal coating with multilayer amniotic membrane.
As the results of the conjunctival exudate culture were positive for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, intravenous antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone at a dose of 1g/12 h and topical treatment with ceftriaxone reinforced eye drops (50 mg/ml) for 21 days was started.
One month later, the patient had OD visual acuity of 0.8; biomicroscopy of the anterior pole showed superior corneal fibrosis with good transparency in the central part and a well-formed anterior chamber.
| [
"A",
"46",
"year-old",
"man",
"came",
"for",
"consultation",
"due",
"to",
"viral",
"conjunctivitis",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"(",
"OD",
")",
"of",
"ten",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
"that",
"had",
"not",
"improved",
"with",
"treatment",
"with",
"tobramycin",
"and",
"dexamethasone",
".",
"His",
"personal",
"history",
"includes",
"condylomas",
"on",
"the",
"penis",
"without",
"urethritis",
"six",
"months",
"ago",
"and",
"current",
"permissive",
"sexual",
"relations",
".",
"Ophthalmological",
"examination",
"showed",
"visual",
"acuity",
"in",
"OD",
"of",
"light",
"perception",
"and",
"projection",
".",
"Biomicroscopy",
"of",
"the",
"anterior",
"pole",
"of",
"the",
"eye",
"showed",
"superior",
"corneal",
"thinning",
"with",
"an",
"imminent",
"risk",
"of",
"ocular",
"perforation",
",",
"so",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"corneal",
"coating",
"with",
"multilayer",
"amniotic",
"membrane",
".",
"As",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"conjunctival",
"exudate",
"culture",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"Neisseria",
"Gonorrhoeae",
",",
"intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"1g",
"/",
"12",
"h",
"and",
"topical",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"reinforced",
"eye",
"drops",
"(",
"50",
"mg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
"for",
"21",
"days",
"was",
"started",
".",
"One",
"month",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"OD",
"visual",
"acuity",
"of",
"0",
".",
"8",
";",
"biomicroscopy",
"of",
"the",
"anterior",
"pole",
"showed",
"superior",
"corneal",
"fibrosis",
"with",
"good",
"transparency",
"in",
"the",
"central",
"part",
"and",
"a",
"well-formed",
"anterior",
"chamber",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 47,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 190,
"end": 198
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 539,
"end": 546
},
{
"text": "Neisseria Gonorrhoeae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 685,
"end": 706
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 897,
"end": 904
}
] | en |
Family history: Mother died at 73 years of age from endometrial cancer. Personal history: No known allergic reactions. Appendectomy at the age of 13. No toxic habits. No usual pharmacological treatment.
Current history:
Began 2 weeks ago with episodes of postprandial fullness and self-limited epigastric pain. Twenty-four hours ago she began with permanent pain located in the periumbilical area, colic type, accompanied by vomiting with no oral tolerance. The previous night she had a scanty stool. She reported not passing gas for several days. No fever. No recent trips, no ingestion of toxins, herbal products or mushrooms. No sick relatives.
Physical examination:
92 l/m. Blood pressure: 127/88. Skin pallor without mucosal pallor. Abdomen soft and depressible. Pain on palpation in the periumbilical area. No masses or megaliths. No defence. Rebound. No palpable pulsatile mass in the abdomen. Iliac pulses present and symmetrical. CBC: 9,500 leukocytes (81% neutrophils, 14% lymphocytes, 2.7% monocytes, 0.4% eosinophils). Haemoglobin 9.7%, haematocrit 28.9% MCV 81. 252,000 platelets. Creatinine 0.9, sodium 135, potassium 4.2, bilirubin 1.7, GOT 175, GPT 391, amylase 46, lipase 118, LDH 243, alkaline phosphatase 65, CRP < 5. Abdominal X-ray: No evidence of intestinal obstruction. Urgent abdominopelvic CT with VSD: mild wall oedema in a long segment of the sigma. Rest without alterations. Abdominopelvic ultrasound: Enlarged common bile duct (7 mm). Rest within normality.
Differential diagnosis:
1. Acute diverticulitis in resolution phase. 2. Infectious colitis.
3. Metabolic cause of abdominal pain (hypertriglyceridemia, esterase C1 deficiency associated with angioneurotic edema, familial Mediterranean fever, diabetes mellitus, hyperazoemia, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, saturnism, black widow spider bite). Stool culture. Stool parasites. Colonoscopy: Ileocecal valve normal appearance. Normal ileoscopy. Macroscopically normal colon mucosa.
Blood smear: Reinforced neutrophil granulation. Basophilic staining in red blood cells. Polychromatophilia in basophils. Platelets well granulated. Other laboratory tests: Ferritin 355. α-1 antitrypsin 114. Ceruloplasmin 27. Haptoglobin 214. Proteinogram with monoclonal component. ANAs -, antimitochondrial -, antimuscle smooth -, transglutaminase Iga -. Copper -. Serology of hepatotropic viruses -, except anti HAV +.
Cholangio resonance: No dilatation of the intra or extrahepatic bile duct or signs of choledocholithiasis. Normal pancreatic duct.
Urine porphyrias: Total porphyrins 2,439 (< 200). Coproporphyrins 1,411 (< 120). Uroporphyrins 14 (< 33). Pentacarboxylporphyrins < 2. Heptacarboxylporphyrins < 10. Blood lead 72 μg/dl Reference values: Unexposed individuals. Recommended < 10. Recommended upper limit 30 μg/dl. Exposed individuals. Recommended: 30. Maximum limit (LEP INHST 2004): 70 μg/dl.
Final diagnosis: Lead poisoning. Secondary elevation of porphyria. The patient was readmitted for treatment with chelators: calcium and D-penicillamine. He came for a check-up one month later, being totally asymptomatic.
| [
"Family",
"history",
":",
"Mother",
"died",
"at",
"73",
"years",
"of",
"age",
"from",
"endometrial",
"cancer",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"No",
"known",
"allergic",
"reactions",
".",
"Appendectomy",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"13",
".",
"No",
"toxic",
"habits",
".",
"No",
"usual",
"pharmacological",
"treatment",
".",
"Current",
"history",
":",
"Began",
"2",
"weeks",
"ago",
"with",
"episodes",
"of",
"postprandial",
"fullness",
"and",
"self-limited",
"epigastric",
"pain",
".",
"Twenty-four",
"hours",
"ago",
"she",
"began",
"with",
"permanent",
"pain",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"periumbilical",
"area",
",",
"colic",
"type",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"vomiting",
"with",
"no",
"oral",
"tolerance",
".",
"The",
"previous",
"night",
"she",
"had",
"a",
"scanty",
"stool",
".",
"She",
"reported",
"not",
"passing",
"gas",
"for",
"several",
"days",
".",
"No",
"fever",
".",
"No",
"recent",
"trips",
",",
"no",
"ingestion",
"of",
"toxins",
",",
"herbal",
"products",
"or",
"mushrooms",
".",
"No",
"sick",
"relatives",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
":",
"92",
"l",
"/",
"m",
".",
"Blood",
"pressure",
":",
"127",
"/",
"88",
".",
"Skin",
"pallor",
"without",
"mucosal",
"pallor",
".",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
".",
"Pain",
"on",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"periumbilical",
"area",
".",
"No",
"masses",
"or",
"megaliths",
".",
"No",
"defence",
".",
"Rebound",
".",
"No",
"palpable",
"pulsatile",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"abdomen",
".",
"Iliac",
"pulses",
"present",
"and",
"symmetrical",
".",
"CBC",
":",
"9",
",",
"500",
"leukocytes",
"(",
"81",
"%",
"neutrophils",
",",
"14",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"2",
".",
"7",
"%",
"monocytes",
",",
"0",
".",
"4",
"%",
"eosinophils",
")",
".",
"Haemoglobin",
"9",
".",
"7",
"%",
",",
"haematocrit",
"28",
".",
"9",
"%",
"MCV",
"81",
".",
"252",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
".",
"Creatinine",
"0",
".",
"9",
",",
"sodium",
"135",
",",
"potassium",
"4",
".",
"2",
",",
"bilirubin",
"1",
".",
"7",
",",
"GOT",
"175",
",",
"GPT",
"391",
",",
"amylase",
"46",
",",
"lipase",
"118",
",",
"LDH",
"243",
",",
"alkaline",
"phosphatase",
"65",
",",
"CRP",
"<",
"5",
".",
"Abdominal",
"X-ray",
":",
"No",
"evidence",
"of",
"intestinal",
"obstruction",
".",
"Urgent",
"abdominopelvic",
"CT",
"with",
"VSD",
":",
"mild",
"wall",
"oedema",
"in",
"a",
"long",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"sigma",
".",
"Rest",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Abdominopelvic",
"ultrasound",
":",
"Enlarged",
"common",
"bile",
"duct",
"(",
"7",
"mm",
")",
".",
"Rest",
"within",
"normality",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
":",
"1",
".",
"Acute",
"diverticulitis",
"in",
"resolution",
"phase",
".",
"2",
".",
"Infectious",
"colitis",
".",
"3",
".",
"Metabolic",
"cause",
"of",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"(",
"hypertriglyceridemia",
",",
"esterase",
"C1",
"deficiency",
"associated",
"with",
"angioneurotic",
"edema",
",",
"familial",
"Mediterranean",
"fever",
",",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"hyperazoemia",
",",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"porphyria",
",",
"saturnism",
",",
"black",
"widow",
"spider",
"bite",
")",
".",
"Stool",
"culture",
".",
"Stool",
"parasites",
".",
"Colonoscopy",
":",
"Ileocecal",
"valve",
"normal",
"appearance",
".",
"Normal",
"ileoscopy",
".",
"Macroscopically",
"normal",
"colon",
"mucosa",
".",
"Blood",
"smear",
":",
"Reinforced",
"neutrophil",
"granulation",
".",
"Basophilic",
"staining",
"in",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
".",
"Polychromatophilia",
"in",
"basophils",
".",
"Platelets",
"well",
"granulated",
".",
"Other",
"laboratory",
"tests",
":",
"Ferritin",
"355",
".",
"α-1",
"antitrypsin",
"114",
".",
"Ceruloplasmin",
"27",
".",
"Haptoglobin",
"214",
".",
"Proteinogram",
"with",
"monoclonal",
"component",
".",
"ANAs",
"-",
",",
"antimitochondrial",
"-",
",",
"antimuscle",
"smooth",
"-",
",",
"transglutaminase",
"Iga",
"-",
".",
"Copper",
"-",
".",
"Serology",
"of",
"hepatotropic",
"viruses",
"-",
",",
"except",
"anti",
"HAV",
"+",
".",
"Cholangio",
"resonance",
":",
"No",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"intra",
"or",
"extrahepatic",
"bile",
"duct",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"choledocholithiasis",
".",
"Normal",
"pancreatic",
"duct",
".",
"Urine",
"porphyrias",
":",
"Total",
"porphyrins",
"2",
",",
"439",
"(",
"<",
"200",
")",
".",
"Coproporphyrins",
"1",
",",
"411",
"(",
"<",
"120",
")",
".",
"Uroporphyrins",
"14",
"(",
"<",
"33",
")",
".",
"Pentacarboxylporphyrins",
"<",
"2",
".",
"Heptacarboxylporphyrins",
"<",
"10",
".",
"Blood",
"lead",
"72",
"μg",
"/",
"dl",
"Reference",
"values",
":",
"Unexposed",
"individuals",
".",
"Recommended",
"<",
"10",
".",
"Recommended",
"upper",
"limit",
"30",
"μg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Exposed",
"individuals",
".",
"Recommended",
":",
"30",
".",
"Maximum",
"limit",
"(",
"LEP",
"INHST",
"2004",
")",
":",
"70",
"μg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
":",
"Lead",
"poisoning",
".",
"Secondary",
"elevation",
"of",
"porphyria",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"readmitted",
"for",
"treatment",
"with",
"chelators",
":",
"calcium",
"and",
"D-penicillamine",
".",
"He",
"came",
"for",
"a",
"check-up",
"one",
"month",
"later",
",",
"being",
"totally",
"asymptomatic",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 16,
"end": 22
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 6
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 72,
"end": 80
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 638,
"end": 647
},
{
"text": "mushrooms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 619,
"end": 628
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1853,
"end": 1862
},
{
"text": "black widow spider",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1806,
"end": 1824
},
{
"text": "hepatotropic viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2346,
"end": 2366
},
{
"text": "HAV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2382,
"end": 2385
},
{
"text": "individuals",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2735,
"end": 2746
},
{
"text": "individuals",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2808,
"end": 2819
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2952,
"end": 2959
}
] | en |
A 21-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fever, cough, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, nausea, headache and nasal congestion of 4 days' duration. Apart from a history of hypertension, pre-diabetes and class I obesity, the patient was in good health and reported no smoking, alcohol or drug use and no recent travel. Vital signs showed temperature 37.5°C, blood pressure 116/57 mmHg, pulse 76 bpm and oxygen saturation 95% on room air. Physical examination revealed clear lungs and unobstructed breathing. Neurological examination was normal. Chest radiographs showed bilateral patchy alveolar infiltrates without lobar consolidation. A nasopharyngeal swab was performed and a set of respiratory pathogen tests were negative for all of them. In addition, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab samples were sent to an external private laboratory for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. The patient was discharged with pulse oximetry monitoring, home isolation instructions and strict precautions in case of return.
Over the next 24 hours, the patient experienced increased feelings of dizziness and a drop in oxygen saturation to around 85%, according to pulse oximetry. He returned to the emergency department febrile (temperature 39.1°C), with mild tachycardia (102 bpm), tachypnoea (28 bpm) and hypoxia (89% on room air). Chest X-rays showed increased bilateral alveolar infiltrates, while a complete blood count revealed lymphocytopenia (lymphocyte count 0.7 K/mm3). He was admitted with oxygen therapy and monitoring; oxygenation was reduced from 2 L via nasal cannula to room air. He was discharged on day 4 of hospitalisation and external tests confirmed COVID-19 the day after discharge.
Initially, he evolved well during convalescence at home, but on the 16th day of illness, he began to suffer right facial weakness and numbness. Within 24 hours, the symptoms became bilateral and culminated in severe dysarthria, which necessitated transfer to the emergency department. The patient also reported hypogeusia. Neurological examination showed a pattern of bilateral lower facial motor weakness, with normal cranial nerves, normal strength, sensation in all extremities and intact myotatic reflex. He was admitted for observation and underwent brain and temporal bone MRI and fluoroscopic lumbar puncture to obtain CSF samples. CSF was negative for staining and bacterial cultures and revealed normal glucose values (65 mg/dL), absence of leukocytes and mild proteinorrachia (49 mg/dL). An MRI revealed bilateral anomalous enhancement of the facial and abducens nerves as well as the right ocular motor nerve.
The patient was discharged with stable facial weakness, no worsening of symptoms and an oxygen saturation of 99% on room air. An outpatient neurological follow-up was agreed, awaiting various serological and spinal analytical results. On the 19th day of illness, he reported new bilateral subjective lower extremity weakness, bilateral upper extremity paraesthesia and persistent facial weakness, leading to readmission for further follow-up and treatment. A new neurological examination revealed no change in facial weakness, but new bilateral grade 4/5 deltoid and hip flexor weakness and diffuse areflexia. A complete spinal MRI revealed no suspicious spinal cord abnormalities and no abnormal spinal or cauda equina enhancements. Electromyographic and nerve conduction analyses showed findings consistent with an acute sensorimotor polyneuropathy with demyelinating and axonal features.
For religious reasons, the patient refused i.v. immunoglobulin treatment and underwent treatment with 5 cycles of plasmapheresis, which was well tolerated with slight improvement of facial weakness and paraesthesia. CSF and serology results remained negative except for herpes simplex virus, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M; the patient was discharged for rehabilitation in general hospitalisation. He refused a new lumbar puncture prior to discharge.
| [
"",
"A",
"21-year-old",
"man",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"cough",
",",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"nausea",
",",
"headache",
"and",
"nasal",
"congestion",
"of",
"4",
"days",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"Apart",
"from",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"hypertension",
",",
"pre-diabetes",
"and",
"class",
"I",
"obesity",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"in",
"good",
"health",
"and",
"reported",
"no",
"smoking",
",",
"alcohol",
"or",
"drug",
"use",
"and",
"no",
"recent",
"travel",
".",
"Vital",
"signs",
"showed",
"temperature",
"37",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
"116",
"/",
"57",
"mmHg",
",",
"pulse",
"76",
"bpm",
"and",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"95",
"%",
"on",
"room",
"air",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"clear",
"lungs",
"and",
"unobstructed",
"breathing",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Chest",
"radiographs",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"patchy",
"alveolar",
"infiltrates",
"without",
"lobar",
"consolidation",
".",
"A",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"a",
"set",
"of",
"respiratory",
"pathogen",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
"for",
"all",
"of",
"them",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"oropharyngeal",
"and",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
"samples",
"were",
"sent",
"to",
"an",
"external",
"private",
"laboratory",
"for",
"real-time",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"RT-PCR",
")",
"testing",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"pulse",
"oximetry",
"monitoring",
",",
"home",
"isolation",
"instructions",
"and",
"strict",
"precautions",
"in",
"case",
"of",
"return",
".",
"Over",
"the",
"next",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"experienced",
"increased",
"feelings",
"of",
"dizziness",
"and",
"a",
"drop",
"in",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"to",
"around",
"85",
"%",
",",
"according",
"to",
"pulse",
"oximetry",
".",
"He",
"returned",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"febrile",
"(",
"temperature",
"39",
".",
"1",
"°",
"C",
")",
",",
"with",
"mild",
"tachycardia",
"(",
"102",
"bpm",
")",
",",
"tachypnoea",
"(",
"28",
"bpm",
")",
"and",
"hypoxia",
"(",
"89",
"%",
"on",
"room",
"air",
")",
".",
"Chest",
"X-rays",
"showed",
"increased",
"bilateral",
"alveolar",
"infiltrates",
",",
"while",
"a",
"complete",
"blood",
"count",
"revealed",
"lymphocytopenia",
"(",
"lymphocyte",
"count",
"0",
".",
"7",
"K",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"and",
"monitoring",
";",
"oxygenation",
"was",
"reduced",
"from",
"2",
"L",
"via",
"nasal",
"cannula",
"to",
"room",
"air",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"on",
"day",
"4",
"of",
"hospitalisation",
"and",
"external",
"tests",
"confirmed",
"COVID-19",
"the",
"day",
"after",
"discharge",
".",
"Initially",
",",
"he",
"evolved",
"well",
"during",
"convalescence",
"at",
"home",
",",
"but",
"on",
"the",
"16th",
"day",
"of",
"illness",
",",
"he",
"began",
"to",
"suffer",
"right",
"facial",
"weakness",
"and",
"numbness",
".",
"Within",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"the",
"symptoms",
"became",
"bilateral",
"and",
"culminated",
"in",
"severe",
"dysarthria",
",",
"which",
"necessitated",
"transfer",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"also",
"reported",
"hypogeusia",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"showed",
"a",
"pattern",
"of",
"bilateral",
"lower",
"facial",
"motor",
"weakness",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"cranial",
"nerves",
",",
"normal",
"strength",
",",
"sensation",
"in",
"all",
"extremities",
"and",
"intact",
"myotatic",
"reflex",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"observation",
"and",
"underwent",
"brain",
"and",
"temporal",
"bone",
"MRI",
"and",
"fluoroscopic",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"to",
"obtain",
"CSF",
"samples",
".",
"CSF",
"was",
"negative",
"for",
"staining",
"and",
"bacterial",
"cultures",
"and",
"revealed",
"normal",
"glucose",
"values",
"(",
"65",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
")",
",",
"absence",
"of",
"leukocytes",
"and",
"mild",
"proteinorrachia",
"(",
"49",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
")",
".",
"An",
"MRI",
"revealed",
"bilateral",
"anomalous",
"enhancement",
"of",
"the",
"facial",
"and",
"abducens",
"nerves",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"right",
"ocular",
"motor",
"nerve",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"stable",
"facial",
"weakness",
",",
"no",
"worsening",
"of",
"symptoms",
"and",
"an",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"of",
"99",
"%",
"on",
"room",
"air",
".",
"An",
"outpatient",
"neurological",
"follow-up",
"was",
"agreed",
",",
"awaiting",
"various",
"serological",
"and",
"spinal",
"analytical",
"results",
".",
"On",
"the",
"19th",
"day",
"of",
"illness",
",",
"he",
"reported",
"new",
"bilateral",
"subjective",
"lower",
"extremity",
"weakness",
",",
"bilateral",
"upper",
"extremity",
"paraesthesia",
"and",
"persistent",
"facial",
"weakness",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"readmission",
"for",
"further",
"follow-up",
"and",
"treatment",
".",
"A",
"new",
"neurological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"no",
"change",
"in",
"facial",
"weakness",
",",
"but",
"new",
"bilateral",
"grade",
"4",
"/",
"5",
"deltoid",
"and",
"hip",
"flexor",
"weakness",
"and",
"diffuse",
"areflexia",
".",
"A",
"complete",
"spinal",
"MRI",
"revealed",
"no",
"suspicious",
"spinal",
"cord",
"abnormalities",
"and",
"no",
"abnormal",
"spinal",
"or",
"cauda",
"equina",
"enhancements",
".",
"Electromyographic",
"and",
"nerve",
"conduction",
"analyses",
"showed",
"findings",
"consistent",
"with",
"an",
"acute",
"sensorimotor",
"polyneuropathy",
"with",
"demyelinating",
"and",
"axonal",
"features",
".",
"For",
"religious",
"reasons",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"refused",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"immunoglobulin",
"treatment",
"and",
"underwent",
"treatment",
"with",
"5",
"cycles",
"of",
"plasmapheresis",
",",
"which",
"was",
"well",
"tolerated",
"with",
"slight",
"improvement",
"of",
"facial",
"weakness",
"and",
"paraesthesia",
".",
"CSF",
"and",
"serology",
"results",
"remained",
"negative",
"except",
"for",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
",",
"immunoglobulin",
"G",
"and",
"immunoglobulin",
"M",
";",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"for",
"rehabilitation",
"in",
"general",
"hospitalisation",
".",
"He",
"refused",
"a",
"new",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"prior",
"to",
"discharge",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 232,
"end": 239
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 916,
"end": 923
},
{
"text": "respiratory pathogen",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 693,
"end": 713
},
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1069,
"end": 1076
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2395,
"end": 2404
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2011,
"end": 2018
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2647,
"end": 2654
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3561,
"end": 3568
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3869,
"end": 3876
},
{
"text": "herpes simplex virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3804,
"end": 3824
}
] | en |
A 74-year-old man, hypertensive, diabetic and with a history of ischaemic stroke, polymyalgia rheumatica and SAHS, presented with left temporal oppressive headache.
Urgent brain CT scan showed occupation of the left sphenoid sinus. The study was completed with subsequent MRI, with findings compatible with mucocele with protrusion and bulging towards the clivus. He underwent CENS by Neurosurgery and ENT, with a sample taken for culture, and S. commune was diagnosed. He was discharged after 24 h, with a treatment regimen of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875/125 mg for 7 days. During check-ups, the patient continued to have intermittent headaches and a follow-up MRI scan was performed, showing a recurrence of the mucocele with occupation of the left sphenoid sinus, bone involvement and osteomyelitis at the base of the skull. The study was completed with a PET-CT scan and no uptake was observed. The patient was referred to the Infectious Diseases Department where voriconazole 200 mg every 12 h was prescribed for 6 weeks until the acute phase reactants normalised and the patient's symptoms disappeared.
DIAGNOSIS
Chronic sinusitis with the causative agent being the basidiomycete fungus Schizophyllum commune.
| [
"A",
"74-year-old",
"man",
",",
"hypertensive",
",",
"diabetic",
"and",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"ischaemic",
"stroke",
",",
"polymyalgia",
"rheumatica",
"and",
"SAHS",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"left",
"temporal",
"oppressive",
"headache",
".",
"Urgent",
"brain",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"occupation",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"sphenoid",
"sinus",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"subsequent",
"MRI",
",",
"with",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"mucocele",
"with",
"protrusion",
"and",
"bulging",
"towards",
"the",
"clivus",
".",
"He",
"underwent",
"CENS",
"by",
"Neurosurgery",
"and",
"ENT",
",",
"with",
"a",
"sample",
"taken",
"for",
"culture",
",",
"and",
"S",
".",
"commune",
"was",
"diagnosed",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"after",
"24",
"h",
",",
"with",
"a",
"treatment",
"regimen",
"of",
"amoxicillin",
"/",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
"875",
"/",
"125",
"mg",
"for",
"7",
"days",
".",
"During",
"check-ups",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"continued",
"to",
"have",
"intermittent",
"headaches",
"and",
"a",
"follow-up",
"MRI",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"recurrence",
"of",
"the",
"mucocele",
"with",
"occupation",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"sphenoid",
"sinus",
",",
"bone",
"involvement",
"and",
"osteomyelitis",
"at",
"the",
"base",
"of",
"the",
"skull",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"a",
"PET-CT",
"scan",
"and",
"no",
"uptake",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Department",
"where",
"voriconazole",
"200",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"h",
"was",
"prescribed",
"for",
"6",
"weeks",
"until",
"the",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"normalised",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"symptoms",
"disappeared",
".",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Chronic",
"sinusitis",
"with",
"the",
"causative",
"agent",
"being",
"the",
"basidiomycete",
"fungus",
"Schizophyllum",
"commune",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
3,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 602,
"end": 609
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 908,
"end": 915
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1082,
"end": 1089
},
{
"text": "S. commune",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 445,
"end": 455
},
{
"text": "basidiomycete fungus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1178,
"end": 1198
},
{
"text": "Schizophyllum commune",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1199,
"end": 1220
}
] | en |
On 21 January 2020, a 50-year-old man presented to an infectious disease clinic with symptoms of fever, chills, fatigue and dyspnoea. He reported a trip to Wuhan on 8-12 January and reported initial symptoms of mild chills and dry cough on 14 January (day 1 of illness), but did not attend the clinic and continued to work until 21 January. Chest CT showed multiple patchy shadows in both lungs and a pharyngeal smear was performed. On 22 January (sick day 9), the Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed by real-time RT-PCR that the patient had COVID-19.
He was immediately admitted to the infectious disease ward and received oxygen therapy by mask. He was given interferon alfa-2b (5 million units twice daily, atomised by inhalation) and lopinavir and ritonavir (500 mg twice daily, orally) as antiviral therapy and moxifloxacin (0.4 g once daily, i.v.) to prevent superinfection. In view of severe dyspnoea and hypoxaemia, methylprednisolone (80 mg twice daily i.v.) was administered to attenuate inflammation in the lungs. After receiving the medication, his temperature dropped from 39.0°C to 36.4°C; however, the symptoms of cough, dyspnoea and fatigue did not improve. On day 12 of illness, after the initial consultation, a chest CT scan showed diffuse infiltrates and shadows in both lungs. The patient repeatedly refused the ventilator in the ICU, because he was claustrophobic; therefore, he was given oxygen therapy via a high-flow nasal cannula (concentration 60%, flow rate 40 L/min). On sick day 13, the patient's symptoms still did not improve, but oxygen saturation remained above 95%. On the afternoon of sick day 14, his hypoxaemia and dyspnoea worsened. Despite receiving oxygen therapy (100% concentration, flow rate 40 L/min), the oxygen saturation decreased to 60% and the patient went into sudden cardiac arrest. Immediately, invasive ventilation and cardiac massage were applied and adrenaline was injected. Unfortunately, resuscitation was unsuccessful and the patient died at 18:31 (Beijing time).
Biopsies were taken from the patient's lungs, liver and heart. Histological examination showed bilateral diffuse alveolar damage with cellular fibromyxoid exudates. The right lung showed clear pneumocyte desquamation and hyaline membrane formation, indicating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The left lung tissue showed pulmonary oedema with hyaline membrane formation, indicative of initial ARDS. Mononuclear interstitial inflammatory infiltrates, dominated by lymphocytes, were observed in both lungs. Multinucleated syncytial cells with hypertrophied atypical pneumocytes characterised by large nuclei, amphophilic granular cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli in the intra-alveolar spaces, indicative of cytopathic viral changes, were identified. No obvious viral inclusions, either intranuclear or intracytoplasmic, were identified.
| [
"",
"On",
"21",
"January",
"2020",
",",
"a",
"50-year-old",
"man",
"presented",
"to",
"an",
"infectious",
"disease",
"clinic",
"with",
"symptoms",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"chills",
",",
"fatigue",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"a",
"trip",
"to",
"Wuhan",
"on",
"8-12",
"January",
"and",
"reported",
"initial",
"symptoms",
"of",
"mild",
"chills",
"and",
"dry",
"cough",
"on",
"14",
"January",
"(",
"day",
"1",
"of",
"illness",
")",
",",
"but",
"did",
"not",
"attend",
"the",
"clinic",
"and",
"continued",
"to",
"work",
"until",
"21",
"January",
".",
"Chest",
"CT",
"showed",
"multiple",
"patchy",
"shadows",
"in",
"both",
"lungs",
"and",
"a",
"pharyngeal",
"smear",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"On",
"22",
"January",
"(",
"sick",
"day",
"9",
")",
",",
"the",
"Beijing",
"Centers",
"for",
"Disease",
"Control",
"and",
"Prevention",
"(",
"CDC",
")",
"confirmed",
"by",
"real-time",
"RT-PCR",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"COVID-19",
".",
"He",
"was",
"immediately",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"infectious",
"disease",
"ward",
"and",
"received",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"by",
"mask",
".",
"He",
"was",
"given",
"interferon",
"alfa-2b",
"(",
"5",
"million",
"units",
"twice",
"daily",
",",
"atomised",
"by",
"inhalation",
")",
"and",
"lopinavir",
"and",
"ritonavir",
"(",
"500",
"mg",
"twice",
"daily",
",",
"orally",
")",
"as",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"and",
"moxifloxacin",
"(",
"0",
".",
"4",
"g",
"once",
"daily",
",",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
")",
"to",
"prevent",
"superinfection",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"severe",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"hypoxaemia",
",",
"methylprednisolone",
"(",
"80",
"mg",
"twice",
"daily",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
")",
"was",
"administered",
"to",
"attenuate",
"inflammation",
"in",
"the",
"lungs",
".",
"After",
"receiving",
"the",
"medication",
",",
"his",
"temperature",
"dropped",
"from",
"39",
".",
"0",
"°",
"C",
"to",
"36",
".",
"4",
"°",
"C",
";",
"however",
",",
"the",
"symptoms",
"of",
"cough",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"fatigue",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
".",
"On",
"day",
"12",
"of",
"illness",
",",
"after",
"the",
"initial",
"consultation",
",",
"a",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"diffuse",
"infiltrates",
"and",
"shadows",
"in",
"both",
"lungs",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"repeatedly",
"refused",
"the",
"ventilator",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"because",
"he",
"was",
"claustrophobic",
";",
"therefore",
",",
"he",
"was",
"given",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"via",
"a",
"high-flow",
"nasal",
"cannula",
"(",
"concentration",
"60",
"%",
",",
"flow",
"rate",
"40",
"L",
"/",
"min",
")",
".",
"On",
"sick",
"day",
"13",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"symptoms",
"still",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
",",
"but",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"remained",
"above",
"95",
"%",
".",
"On",
"the",
"afternoon",
"of",
"sick",
"day",
"14",
",",
"his",
"hypoxaemia",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
"worsened",
".",
"Despite",
"receiving",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"(",
"100",
"%",
"concentration",
",",
"flow",
"rate",
"40",
"L",
"/",
"min",
")",
",",
"the",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"decreased",
"to",
"60",
"%",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"went",
"into",
"sudden",
"cardiac",
"arrest",
".",
"Immediately",
",",
"invasive",
"ventilation",
"and",
"cardiac",
"massage",
"were",
"applied",
"and",
"adrenaline",
"was",
"injected",
".",
"Unfortunately",
",",
"resuscitation",
"was",
"unsuccessful",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"died",
"at",
"18",
":",
"31",
"(",
"Beijing",
"time",
")",
".",
"Biopsies",
"were",
"taken",
"from",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"lungs",
",",
"liver",
"and",
"heart",
".",
"Histological",
"examination",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"diffuse",
"alveolar",
"damage",
"with",
"cellular",
"fibromyxoid",
"exudates",
".",
"The",
"right",
"lung",
"showed",
"clear",
"pneumocyte",
"desquamation",
"and",
"hyaline",
"membrane",
"formation",
",",
"indicating",
"acute",
"respiratory",
"distress",
"syndrome",
"(",
"ARDS",
")",
".",
"The",
"left",
"lung",
"tissue",
"showed",
"pulmonary",
"oedema",
"with",
"hyaline",
"membrane",
"formation",
",",
"indicative",
"of",
"initial",
"ARDS",
".",
"Mononuclear",
"interstitial",
"inflammatory",
"infiltrates",
",",
"dominated",
"by",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"were",
"observed",
"in",
"both",
"lungs",
".",
"Multinucleated",
"syncytial",
"cells",
"with",
"hypertrophied",
"atypical",
"pneumocytes",
"characterised",
"by",
"large",
"nuclei",
",",
"amphophilic",
"granular",
"cytoplasm",
"and",
"prominent",
"nucleoli",
"in",
"the",
"intra-alveolar",
"spaces",
",",
"indicative",
"of",
"cytopathic",
"viral",
"changes",
",",
"were",
"identified",
".",
"No",
"obvious",
"viral",
"inclusions",
",",
"either",
"intranuclear",
"or",
"intracytoplasmic",
",",
"were",
"identified",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 35,
"end": 38
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 562,
"end": 569
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1336,
"end": 1343
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1551,
"end": 1558
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1828,
"end": 1835
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2019,
"end": 2026
},
{
"text": "antiviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 828,
"end": 837
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2088,
"end": 2095
}
] | en |
A 16-year-old girl with a personal history of asthma presented to the dermatology department with asymptomatic skin lesions that had been present for 2 months. The patient had been treated with corticosteroid cream due to an initial suspicion of atopic eczema, despite which she presented marked progressive growth of the lesions. The patient had a domestic cat that she had never taken to the vet.
Physical examination revealed ring-shaped plaques with an active peripheral border on the upper back and on the lateral aspects of the neck and face.
Local culture obtained by carpet scraping isolated Trichophyton rubrum. Based on clinical data and culture, the diagnosis of tinea incognito was established. Treatment with Terbinafine 250mg daily for 4 weeks resolved the condition.
| [
"A",
"16-year-old",
"girl",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"asthma",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"dermatology",
"department",
"with",
"asymptomatic",
"skin",
"lesions",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"present",
"for",
"2",
"months",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"corticosteroid",
"cream",
"due",
"to",
"an",
"initial",
"suspicion",
"of",
"atopic",
"eczema",
",",
"despite",
"which",
"she",
"presented",
"marked",
"progressive",
"growth",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"domestic",
"cat",
"that",
"she",
"had",
"never",
"taken",
"to",
"the",
"vet",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"ring-shaped",
"plaques",
"with",
"an",
"active",
"peripheral",
"border",
"on",
"the",
"upper",
"back",
"and",
"on",
"the",
"lateral",
"aspects",
"of",
"the",
"neck",
"and",
"face",
".",
"Local",
"culture",
"obtained",
"by",
"carpet",
"scraping",
"isolated",
"Trichophyton",
"rubrum",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"clinical",
"data",
"and",
"culture",
",",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"tinea",
"incognito",
"was",
"established",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"Terbinafine",
"250mg",
"daily",
"for",
"4",
"weeks",
"resolved",
"the",
"condition",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 164,
"end": 171
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 335,
"end": 342
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 26,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "cat",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 358,
"end": 361
},
{
"text": "Trichophyton rubrum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 602,
"end": 621
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
70-year-old male:
" No known drug allergies.
"Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
"Hyperuricaemia.
"Diagnosed with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in 2004, receiving treatment with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, with undetectable viral load after treatment.
"Usual treatment: lansoprazole, tamsulosin, allopurinol.
ONCOLOGICAL HISTORY
Oncological history
In March 2014, the patient came to the dermatology department with a nodular lesion of 2.5 cm in diameter on the posterior aspect of the left arm that had been growing progressively for 4 months. At first he was asymptomatic and the lesion was initially skin-coloured, later turning purplish.
The patient was treated with surgery with the following anatomopathological result after resection of the lesion: cutaneous Merkel carcinoma, of nodular morphology infiltrating 1.8 cm in depth reaching subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is less than 1 mm from the deep surgical edge. The rest of the edges are free. Images of vascular and/or lymphatic invasion are observed.
A selective sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed, which was positive for tumour cells, so it was taken to a tumour committee to consider lymphadenectomy and enlargement of surgical margins.
In May 2014, a standard left axillary lymphadenectomy was performed with negative pathology for the 10 resected nodes.
Subsequently, she received radiotherapy treatment from 2 June to 5 September with a dose of 60 Gy, presenting grade 3 epithelitis as toxicity, and was subsequently followed up by medical oncology consultations.
Current disease
During follow-up in medical oncology consultations, a control CT scan of the thorax-abdomen-pelvis was performed in September 2015, showing a mass in the pancreatic region with positive AP for metastasis of Merkel carcinoma, based on biopsy by means of echoendoscopy.
Physical examination
"Conscious and oriented. Eupneic at rest. Oral mucosa without alterations. ECOG 0.
"AC: rhythmic without murmurs. AP: VCM without superimposed noises. Abdomen: RHA+, soft, depressible, without signs of peritoneal irritation. No skin lesions on upper or lower limbs.
"Weight: 80 kg.
Complementary tests
Complete blood count: no abnormalities.
Diagnosis
Merkel cell carcinoma with pancreatic recurrence.
Treatment
With the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma with pancreatic recurrence, the patient started treatment with double platinum chemotherapy: carboplatin-taxol every 21 days. Complications were grade I neutropenia and grade I mucositis.
Evolution
He received a total of 6 cycles of carboplatin-taxol, initially obtaining a response to the treatment and a decrease in the pancreatic mass in the control imaging tests.
Later, in the CT scan of May 2016, he showed signs of progression of his underlying pathology, visualising a left adrenal nodule together with the previous residual pancreatic mass.
At that time, due to the progression of the disease, a second line of treatment with cisplatin-etoposide was considered, receiving a single cycle due to poor tolerance, requiring hospital admission due to grade III febrile neutropenia and grade III thrombopenia.
Therapeutic options were discussed with the patient. At that time, a phase II trial of pembrolizumab for Merkel cell carcinoma was described in the literature. Based on this information, it was decided to use pembrolizumab as monotherapy at a dose of 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks off label.
She received the first cycle in July 2016, with symptomatic improvement in pain after 10 days. A follow-up CT scan was performed in September, after the third course of treatment, showing a marked improvement compared to the previous one, with practical resolution of the left retroperitoneal mass and the left adrenal nodule.
The patient continued to receive a course of pembrolizumab every 21 days, presenting complications in July 2017 with erythematous, rounded lesions with a whitish background on the front of both legs and right arm, compatible with psoriasis, and was assessed by the Dermatology Department.
A control PET CT scan was performed in October of that year, and was reported as an absence of macroscopic malignant disease from the metabolic point of view.
In the last thoracoabdominal-pelvic CT scan performed in February 2018, no changes were observed with respect to the previous one.
Currently, the patient continues to receive treatment with pembrolizumab, having recently received his 29th cycle. He is asymptomatic, in good general condition and has a sustained major response to his tumour pathology.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"70-year-old",
"male",
":",
"\"",
"No",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
".",
"\"",
"Benign",
"prostatic",
"hyperplasia",
".",
"\"",
"Hyperuricaemia",
".",
"\"",
"Diagnosed",
"with",
"hepatitis",
"C",
"virus",
"genotype",
"1",
"in",
"2004",
",",
"receiving",
"treatment",
"with",
"sofosbuvir",
"and",
"daclatasvir",
",",
"with",
"undetectable",
"viral",
"load",
"after",
"treatment",
".",
"\"",
"Usual",
"treatment",
":",
"lansoprazole",
",",
"tamsulosin",
",",
"allopurinol",
".",
"ONCOLOGICAL",
"HISTORY",
"Oncological",
"history",
"In",
"March",
"2014",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"dermatology",
"department",
"with",
"a",
"nodular",
"lesion",
"of",
"2",
".",
"5",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
"on",
"the",
"posterior",
"aspect",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"arm",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"growing",
"progressively",
"for",
"4",
"months",
".",
"At",
"first",
"he",
"was",
"asymptomatic",
"and",
"the",
"lesion",
"was",
"initially",
"skin-coloured",
",",
"later",
"turning",
"purplish",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"surgery",
"with",
"the",
"following",
"anatomopathological",
"result",
"after",
"resection",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
":",
"cutaneous",
"Merkel",
"carcinoma",
",",
"of",
"nodular",
"morphology",
"infiltrating",
"1",
".",
"8",
"cm",
"in",
"depth",
"reaching",
"subcutaneous",
"adipose",
"tissue",
".",
"It",
"is",
"less",
"than",
"1",
"mm",
"from",
"the",
"deep",
"surgical",
"edge",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"edges",
"are",
"free",
".",
"Images",
"of",
"vascular",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"lymphatic",
"invasion",
"are",
"observed",
".",
"A",
"selective",
"sentinel",
"lymph",
"node",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"tumour",
"cells",
",",
"so",
"it",
"was",
"taken",
"to",
"a",
"tumour",
"committee",
"to",
"consider",
"lymphadenectomy",
"and",
"enlargement",
"of",
"surgical",
"margins",
".",
"In",
"May",
"2014",
",",
"a",
"standard",
"left",
"axillary",
"lymphadenectomy",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"negative",
"pathology",
"for",
"the",
"10",
"resected",
"nodes",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"she",
"received",
"radiotherapy",
"treatment",
"from",
"2",
"June",
"to",
"5",
"September",
"with",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"60",
"Gy",
",",
"presenting",
"grade",
"3",
"epithelitis",
"as",
"toxicity",
",",
"and",
"was",
"subsequently",
"followed",
"up",
"by",
"medical",
"oncology",
"consultations",
".",
"Current",
"disease",
"During",
"follow-up",
"in",
"medical",
"oncology",
"consultations",
",",
"a",
"control",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"thorax-abdomen-pelvis",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"September",
"2015",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"pancreatic",
"region",
"with",
"positive",
"AP",
"for",
"metastasis",
"of",
"Merkel",
"carcinoma",
",",
"based",
"on",
"biopsy",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"echoendoscopy",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"\"",
"Conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
".",
"Eupneic",
"at",
"rest",
".",
"Oral",
"mucosa",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"ECOG",
"0",
".",
"\"",
"AC",
":",
"rhythmic",
"without",
"murmurs",
".",
"AP",
":",
"VCM",
"without",
"superimposed",
"noises",
".",
"Abdomen",
":",
"RHA",
"+",
",",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"without",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
".",
"No",
"skin",
"lesions",
"on",
"upper",
"or",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"\"",
"Weight",
":",
"80",
"kg",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"Complete",
"blood",
"count",
":",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Merkel",
"cell",
"carcinoma",
"with",
"pancreatic",
"recurrence",
".",
"Treatment",
"With",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"Merkel",
"cell",
"carcinoma",
"with",
"pancreatic",
"recurrence",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"double",
"platinum",
"chemotherapy",
":",
"carboplatin-taxol",
"every",
"21",
"days",
".",
"Complications",
"were",
"grade",
"I",
"neutropenia",
"and",
"grade",
"I",
"mucositis",
".",
"Evolution",
"He",
"received",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"6",
"cycles",
"of",
"carboplatin-taxol",
",",
"initially",
"obtaining",
"a",
"response",
"to",
"the",
"treatment",
"and",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"pancreatic",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"control",
"imaging",
"tests",
".",
"Later",
",",
"in",
"the",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"May",
"2016",
",",
"he",
"showed",
"signs",
"of",
"progression",
"of",
"his",
"underlying",
"pathology",
",",
"visualising",
"a",
"left",
"adrenal",
"nodule",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"previous",
"residual",
"pancreatic",
"mass",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
",",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"progression",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
",",
"a",
"second",
"line",
"of",
"treatment",
"with",
"cisplatin-etoposide",
"was",
"considered",
",",
"receiving",
"a",
"single",
"cycle",
"due",
"to",
"poor",
"tolerance",
",",
"requiring",
"hospital",
"admission",
"due",
"to",
"grade",
"III",
"febrile",
"neutropenia",
"and",
"grade",
"III",
"thrombopenia",
".",
"Therapeutic",
"options",
"were",
"discussed",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
",",
"a",
"phase",
"II",
"trial",
"of",
"pembrolizumab",
"for",
"Merkel",
"cell",
"carcinoma",
"was",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"literature",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"this",
"information",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"use",
"pembrolizumab",
"as",
"monotherapy",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"every",
"3",
"weeks",
"off",
"label",
".",
"She",
"received",
"the",
"first",
"cycle",
"in",
"July",
"2016",
",",
"with",
"symptomatic",
"improvement",
"in",
"pain",
"after",
"10",
"days",
".",
"A",
"follow-up",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"September",
",",
"after",
"the",
"third",
"course",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"marked",
"improvement",
"compared",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
",",
"with",
"practical",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"retroperitoneal",
"mass",
"and",
"the",
"left",
"adrenal",
"nodule",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"continued",
"to",
"receive",
"a",
"course",
"of",
"pembrolizumab",
"every",
"21",
"days",
",",
"presenting",
"complications",
"in",
"July",
"2017",
"with",
"erythematous",
",",
"rounded",
"lesions",
"with",
"a",
"whitish",
"background",
"on",
"the",
"front",
"of",
"both",
"legs",
"and",
"right",
"arm",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"psoriasis",
",",
"and",
"was",
"assessed",
"by",
"the",
"Dermatology",
"Department",
".",
"A",
"control",
"PET",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"October",
"of",
"that",
"year",
",",
"and",
"was",
"reported",
"as",
"an",
"absence",
"of",
"macroscopic",
"malignant",
"disease",
"from",
"the",
"metabolic",
"point",
"of",
"view",
".",
"In",
"the",
"last",
"thoracoabdominal-pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
"performed",
"in",
"February",
"2018",
",",
"no",
"changes",
"were",
"observed",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
".",
"Currently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"continues",
"to",
"receive",
"treatment",
"with",
"pembrolizumab",
",",
"having",
"recently",
"received",
"his",
"29th",
"cycle",
".",
"He",
"is",
"asymptomatic",
",",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
"and",
"has",
"a",
"sustained",
"major",
"response",
"to",
"his",
"tumour",
"pathology",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 228,
"end": 233
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 374,
"end": 381
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 652,
"end": 659
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2342,
"end": 2349
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3168,
"end": 3175
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3739,
"end": 3746
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4329,
"end": 4336
}
] | en |
A 46-year-old woman with a tobacco consumption rate of 46 packs per year, alcoholic habit with consumption of 160 g of alcohol per day, periodontal disease with dental extraction the month before admission, with no other personal history of interest. Married with stable partner, mother of 4 children and housewife. She came to the emergency department for general malaise, non-thermometric dysthermic sensation with associated shivering, cough in the form of disneising attacks with foul-smelling rusty expectoration and pain in the right hemithorax, related to this cough. She denied having experienced vomiting or loss of consciousness in the context of alcohol overdose. In the previous days, she had visited her health centre on two occasions with similar symptoms, treated with mepifylline and then azithromycin for 6 days, which were partially effective in controlling her symptoms.
On examination, blood pressure was 106/70 mmHg, heart rate 100 beats per minute, O2 saturation by pulse oximetry 89% with FiO2 21% and a body temperature of 37.1oC. On inspection, regular general condition, conscious and alert, oriented in the three spheres, tachypneic when speaking. Leptosomic, earthy skin colouring and very poor personal hygiene with a septic, foul-smelling mouth. On respiratory auscultation, hypophonesis in the right upper and middle fields with isolated inspiratory crackles. Cardiac auscultation was unremarkable. At abdominal level, there was only non-painful hepatomegaly at the expense of the left hepatic lobe at 1 centimetre from the costal ridge. The lower extremities showed no oedema or signs suggestive of deep vein thrombosis.
Complementary tests performed in the ED showed a leukocytosis of 16160 cells/μl with neutrophilia, haemoglobin of 11.8 g/dl with mean corpuscular volume of 102 fl, platelet count of 544000/mm3 and at the biochemical level a C-reactive protein of 135mg/L and procalcitonin of 0.02 ng/ml, with preserved renal function, with no other findings of interest. Sputum Gram stain, smear microscopy and determination of influenza A and B virus antigen were negative. Blood cultures and sputum cultures were taken. The chest X-ray showed cavitation in the upper lobe of the right lung with a hydro-aerial level suggestive of lung abscess, as well as an infiltrate with air bronchogram in the middle lobe (Chest X-ray: cavitation in the right upper lobe with hydro-aerial level). Given the clinical condition of the patient and the results of the complementary tests, it was decided to admit her to the Infectious Diseases unit of our hospital, with the presumptive diagnosis of right lung abscess.
Differential diagnosis
In general, the initial diagnosis of lung abscess is made by a chest X-ray showing a lung cavity with a hydro-aerial level as shown in our patient. In any cavitated lesion, a differential diagnosis should be made, which would mainly include the following entities:
- Bacterial infections: Usually due to anaerobic bacteria from the mouth.
- Septic pulmonary embolism: Septic embolisms can reach the lung from several sources, including:
- Infection of heart valves, usually resulting in multiple pulmonary, bilateral and peripheral abscesses, especially in cases of right-sided endocarditis. These are usually smaller than the one in our patient, which, together with the clinical presentation, makes this diagnosis unlikely.
- Peripheral septic thrombophlebitis. A classic mechanism for the development of lung abscesses, although in the current era infrequent, is the so-called Lemierre's syndrome, which occurs after an oropharyngeal infection and manifests as septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and septic metastases, whose most frequent aetiological agent is Fusobacterium necrophorum. In our patient, given the septic mouth and the previous history of dental extraction one month prior to admission, it was necessary to rule out this entity by means of a neck Doppler ultrasound, which was normal.
- Pulmonary abscesses secondary to catheter-related infection, which was ruled out in our case due to the absence of use of this material prior to the patient's condition.
- Pulmonary tuberculosis, which, although rare, may present in the form of abscess, and should always be a diagnosis to be taken into account due to its epidemiological, therapeutic and prognostic implications. In the case of suspicion, patients should be isolated until microbiological confirmation, as our patient was until we obtained 2 negative sputums without acid-fast bacilli.
- Lung neoplasia: Lung tumour masses can develop cavitation, even without secondary infection, although most commonly infection occurs behind a tumour-obstructed airway or within a large necrotic tumour mass. In these cases, clinical features, predisposing risk factors and computed tomography (CT) are essential for diagnosis.
- Pulmonary nodules in patients with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) and rheumatoid arthritis may form cavities and be mistaken for abscesses, but the systemic manifestations of these diseases are usually evident and allow a differential diagnosis to be made. Characteristically, bullae and blisters are thin-walled and have no surrounding infiltrates.
- Opportunistic pathogens such as fungi or parasites, Nocardia spp, hydatid cysts and other less likely causes were initially ruled out in our patient due to the characteristics of the case, the absence of immunosuppression and, subsequently, the results of the complementary tests and the evolution. Evolution A computed tomography of the chest with contrast was requested, which showed a pulmonary cavity with a hydro-aerial level in the right upper lobe at apical and posterior level of 10x7x7.5 cm compatible with abscess, with pericavitary infiltrate in the upper segment of the right lower lobe (LID) and anterior segment of the right upper lobe (LSD) in relation to pneumonic bronchogenic dissemination (Chest X-ray: lesion in the right upper lobe after 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment).
Empirical intravenous treatment with imipenem and linezolid was started, de-escalating to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 875/125 mg intravenous every 8 hours after 72 hours. The evolution was satisfactory both clinically and analytically, with a decrease in sputum quantity and fetidness as well as cough and fever. The results of the cultures taken in the ED were negative and 2 more smears (3 in total) were negative, as was the HIV serology. After 10 days of hospital treatment, it was decided to discharge him from hospital and continue with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 875/125 mmHg every 8 hours at home, with follow-up in the outpatient department of the Infectious Diseases Unit. Treatment was completed after 6 weeks of antibiotherapy, and at the last examination she was found to be asymptomatic and with radiological improvement (CT chest c/c: cavitated lesion in LSD).
Final diagnosis
Primary lung abscess in the right upper lobe in a patient with periodontal disease and alcoholism.
| [
"A",
"46-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"a",
"tobacco",
"consumption",
"rate",
"of",
"46",
"packs",
"per",
"year",
",",
"alcoholic",
"habit",
"with",
"consumption",
"of",
"160",
"g",
"of",
"alcohol",
"per",
"day",
",",
"periodontal",
"disease",
"with",
"dental",
"extraction",
"the",
"month",
"before",
"admission",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Married",
"with",
"stable",
"partner",
",",
"mother",
"of",
"4",
"children",
"and",
"housewife",
".",
"She",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"non-thermometric",
"dysthermic",
"sensation",
"with",
"associated",
"shivering",
",",
"cough",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"disneising",
"attacks",
"with",
"foul-smelling",
"rusty",
"expectoration",
"and",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hemithorax",
",",
"related",
"to",
"this",
"cough",
".",
"She",
"denied",
"having",
"experienced",
"vomiting",
"or",
"loss",
"of",
"consciousness",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"alcohol",
"overdose",
".",
"In",
"the",
"previous",
"days",
",",
"she",
"had",
"visited",
"her",
"health",
"centre",
"on",
"two",
"occasions",
"with",
"similar",
"symptoms",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"mepifylline",
"and",
"then",
"azithromycin",
"for",
"6",
"days",
",",
"which",
"were",
"partially",
"effective",
"in",
"controlling",
"her",
"symptoms",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
"was",
"106",
"/",
"70",
"mmHg",
",",
"heart",
"rate",
"100",
"beats",
"per",
"minute",
",",
"O2",
"saturation",
"by",
"pulse",
"oximetry",
"89",
"%",
"with",
"FiO2",
"21",
"%",
"and",
"a",
"body",
"temperature",
"of",
"37",
".",
"1oC",
".",
"On",
"inspection",
",",
"regular",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"conscious",
"and",
"alert",
",",
"oriented",
"in",
"the",
"three",
"spheres",
",",
"tachypneic",
"when",
"speaking",
".",
"Leptosomic",
",",
"earthy",
"skin",
"colouring",
"and",
"very",
"poor",
"personal",
"hygiene",
"with",
"a",
"septic",
",",
"foul-smelling",
"mouth",
".",
"On",
"respiratory",
"auscultation",
",",
"hypophonesis",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"and",
"middle",
"fields",
"with",
"isolated",
"inspiratory",
"crackles",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
"was",
"unremarkable",
".",
"At",
"abdominal",
"level",
",",
"there",
"was",
"only",
"non-painful",
"hepatomegaly",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"hepatic",
"lobe",
"at",
"1",
"centimetre",
"from",
"the",
"costal",
"ridge",
".",
"The",
"lower",
"extremities",
"showed",
"no",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"suggestive",
"of",
"deep",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
"showed",
"a",
"leukocytosis",
"of",
"16160",
"cells",
"/",
"μl",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
",",
"haemoglobin",
"of",
"11",
".",
"8",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
"with",
"mean",
"corpuscular",
"volume",
"of",
"102",
"fl",
",",
"platelet",
"count",
"of",
"544000",
"/",
"mm3",
"and",
"at",
"the",
"biochemical",
"level",
"a",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"of",
"135mg",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
"of",
"0",
".",
"02",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"with",
"preserved",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Sputum",
"Gram",
"stain",
",",
"smear",
"microscopy",
"and",
"determination",
"of",
"influenza",
"A",
"and",
"B",
"virus",
"antigen",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"sputum",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
".",
"The",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"cavitation",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"lobe",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lung",
"with",
"a",
"hydro-aerial",
"level",
"suggestive",
"of",
"lung",
"abscess",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"an",
"infiltrate",
"with",
"air",
"bronchogram",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"lobe",
"(",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"cavitation",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"with",
"hydro-aerial",
"level",
")",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"condition",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"and",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"her",
"to",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"unit",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
",",
"with",
"the",
"presumptive",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"right",
"lung",
"abscess",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"In",
"general",
",",
"the",
"initial",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"lung",
"abscess",
"is",
"made",
"by",
"a",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showing",
"a",
"lung",
"cavity",
"with",
"a",
"hydro-aerial",
"level",
"as",
"shown",
"in",
"our",
"patient",
".",
"In",
"any",
"cavitated",
"lesion",
",",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"should",
"be",
"made",
",",
"which",
"would",
"mainly",
"include",
"the",
"following",
"entities",
":",
"-",
"Bacterial",
"infections",
":",
"Usually",
"due",
"to",
"anaerobic",
"bacteria",
"from",
"the",
"mouth",
".",
"-",
"Septic",
"pulmonary",
"embolism",
":",
"Septic",
"embolisms",
"can",
"reach",
"the",
"lung",
"from",
"several",
"sources",
",",
"including",
":",
"-",
"Infection",
"of",
"heart",
"valves",
",",
"usually",
"resulting",
"in",
"multiple",
"pulmonary",
",",
"bilateral",
"and",
"peripheral",
"abscesses",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"cases",
"of",
"right-sided",
"endocarditis",
".",
"These",
"are",
"usually",
"smaller",
"than",
"the",
"one",
"in",
"our",
"patient",
",",
"which",
",",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"clinical",
"presentation",
",",
"makes",
"this",
"diagnosis",
"unlikely",
".",
"-",
"Peripheral",
"septic",
"thrombophlebitis",
".",
"A",
"classic",
"mechanism",
"for",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"lung",
"abscesses",
",",
"although",
"in",
"the",
"current",
"era",
"infrequent",
",",
"is",
"the",
"so-called",
"Lemierre",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome",
",",
"which",
"occurs",
"after",
"an",
"oropharyngeal",
"infection",
"and",
"manifests",
"as",
"septic",
"thrombophlebitis",
"of",
"the",
"internal",
"jugular",
"vein",
"and",
"septic",
"metastases",
",",
"whose",
"most",
"frequent",
"aetiological",
"agent",
"is",
"Fusobacterium",
"necrophorum",
".",
"In",
"our",
"patient",
",",
"given",
"the",
"septic",
"mouth",
"and",
"the",
"previous",
"history",
"of",
"dental",
"extraction",
"one",
"month",
"prior",
"to",
"admission",
",",
"it",
"was",
"necessary",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"this",
"entity",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"a",
"neck",
"Doppler",
"ultrasound",
",",
"which",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Pulmonary",
"abscesses",
"secondary",
"to",
"catheter-related",
"infection",
",",
"which",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"our",
"case",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"use",
"of",
"this",
"material",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"condition",
".",
"-",
"Pulmonary",
"tuberculosis",
",",
"which",
",",
"although",
"rare",
",",
"may",
"present",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"abscess",
",",
"and",
"should",
"always",
"be",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"to",
"be",
"taken",
"into",
"account",
"due",
"to",
"its",
"epidemiological",
",",
"therapeutic",
"and",
"prognostic",
"implications",
".",
"In",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"suspicion",
",",
"patients",
"should",
"be",
"isolated",
"until",
"microbiological",
"confirmation",
",",
"as",
"our",
"patient",
"was",
"until",
"we",
"obtained",
"2",
"negative",
"sputums",
"without",
"acid-fast",
"bacilli",
".",
"-",
"Lung",
"neoplasia",
":",
"Lung",
"tumour",
"masses",
"can",
"develop",
"cavitation",
",",
"even",
"without",
"secondary",
"infection",
",",
"although",
"most",
"commonly",
"infection",
"occurs",
"behind",
"a",
"tumour-obstructed",
"airway",
"or",
"within",
"a",
"large",
"necrotic",
"tumour",
"mass",
".",
"In",
"these",
"cases",
",",
"clinical",
"features",
",",
"predisposing",
"risk",
"factors",
"and",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"are",
"essential",
"for",
"diagnosis",
".",
"-",
"Pulmonary",
"nodules",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"Granulomatosis",
"with",
"polyangiitis",
"(",
"Wegener",
"'",
"s",
"granulomatosis",
")",
"and",
"rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
"may",
"form",
"cavities",
"and",
"be",
"mistaken",
"for",
"abscesses",
",",
"but",
"the",
"systemic",
"manifestations",
"of",
"these",
"diseases",
"are",
"usually",
"evident",
"and",
"allow",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"to",
"be",
"made",
".",
"Characteristically",
",",
"bullae",
"and",
"blisters",
"are",
"thin-walled",
"and",
"have",
"no",
"surrounding",
"infiltrates",
".",
"-",
"Opportunistic",
"pathogens",
"such",
"as",
"fungi",
"or",
"parasites",
",",
"Nocardia",
"spp",
",",
"hydatid",
"cysts",
"and",
"other",
"less",
"likely",
"causes",
"were",
"initially",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"our",
"patient",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"characteristics",
"of",
"the",
"case",
",",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"immunosuppression",
"and",
",",
"subsequently",
",",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"and",
"the",
"evolution",
".",
"Evolution",
"A",
"computed",
"tomography",
"of",
"the",
"chest",
"with",
"contrast",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"pulmonary",
"cavity",
"with",
"a",
"hydro-aerial",
"level",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"at",
"apical",
"and",
"posterior",
"level",
"of",
"10x7x7",
".",
"5",
"cm",
"compatible",
"with",
"abscess",
",",
"with",
"pericavitary",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"lobe",
"(",
"LID",
")",
"and",
"anterior",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"(",
"LSD",
")",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"pneumonic",
"bronchogenic",
"dissemination",
"(",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"lesion",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"after",
"6",
"weeks",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
")",
".",
"Empirical",
"intravenous",
"treatment",
"with",
"imipenem",
"and",
"linezolid",
"was",
"started",
",",
"de-escalating",
"to",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"875",
"/",
"125",
"mg",
"intravenous",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"after",
"72",
"hours",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"satisfactory",
"both",
"clinically",
"and",
"analytically",
",",
"with",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"sputum",
"quantity",
"and",
"fetidness",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"cough",
"and",
"fever",
".",
"The",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"cultures",
"taken",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"2",
"more",
"smears",
"(",
"3",
"in",
"total",
")",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"as",
"was",
"the",
"HIV",
"serology",
".",
"After",
"10",
"days",
"of",
"hospital",
"treatment",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"discharge",
"him",
"from",
"hospital",
"and",
"continue",
"with",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"875",
"/",
"125",
"mmHg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"at",
"home",
",",
"with",
"follow-up",
"in",
"the",
"outpatient",
"department",
"of",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Unit",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"completed",
"after",
"6",
"weeks",
"of",
"antibiotherapy",
",",
"and",
"at",
"the",
"last",
"examination",
"she",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"asymptomatic",
"and",
"with",
"radiological",
"improvement",
"(",
"CT",
"chest",
"c",
"/",
"c",
":",
"cavitated",
"lesion",
"in",
"LSD",
")",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Primary",
"lung",
"abscess",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"periodontal",
"disease",
"and",
"alcoholism",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "housewife",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 305,
"end": 314
},
{
"text": "children",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 292,
"end": 300
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 280,
"end": 286
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 271,
"end": 278
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 221,
"end": 229
},
{
"text": "tobacco",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 27,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "Married",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 251,
"end": 258
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1224,
"end": 1232
},
{
"text": "smear microscopy",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2028,
"end": 2044
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2460,
"end": 2467
},
{
"text": "influenza A and B virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2066,
"end": 2089
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2807,
"end": 2814
},
{
"text": "Bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2935,
"end": 2944
},
{
"text": "anaerobic bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2972,
"end": 2990
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3784,
"end": 3791
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4141,
"end": 4148
},
{
"text": "acid-fast bacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4527,
"end": 4544
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4470,
"end": 4477
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4399,
"end": 4407
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4897,
"end": 4905
},
{
"text": "Nocardia spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5309,
"end": 5321
},
{
"text": "Opportunistic pathogens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5257,
"end": 5280
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5289,
"end": 5294
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5398,
"end": 5405
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5298,
"end": 5307
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6479,
"end": 6482
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6995,
"end": 7002
}
] | en |
A 66-year-old Moroccan woman, resident of the Bologna area, was admitted to Imola hospital on 15 March 2020 with hyposthenia in all limbs, more intense in the lower limbs, with a Medical Research Council (MRC) scale score of 1/5 in the distal and 2/5 in the proximal part of the lower limbs, and 3/5 in the distal part and 4/4 in the proximal part of the upper limbs, with a distal tingling sensation and intense low back pain of eight days' evolution. He was unable to walk, reported dysphagia and absent osteotendinous reflexes. Vital signs were normal, medical history was irrelevant and he reported no infection during the previous month. Nerve conduction studies consistent with demyelinating polyneuropathy and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were performed, consistent with our hypothesis (protein content 245 mg/dL, cells 13/mmc, polymorphonucleated 61.5%).
CSF microbiological tests were negative (HSV1-2, EBV, VZV, CMV, HIV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Borrelia). Anti-ganglioside antibodies were negative and ruled out electrolyte abnormalities, heavy metal or drug intoxication, endocrine disorders or folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Blood tests showed elevated creatine kinase (461U/L, normal < 145) and C-reactive protein (5.65mg/dL, normal < 0.5), lymphocytopenia (0.68 × 109/L, normal 1.10-4) and slightly increased LDH (284U/L, normal < 248) and GOT and GPT (549 and 547U/L, normal < 35), similar to laboratory results in patients with COVID-19. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was performed on a nasopharyngeal swab, with a positive result. Increased interleukin 6 (11pg/mL, normal < 5.9) was found, also associated with COVID-19. The patient was transferred to a COVID-19 ward and given a five-day regimen of i.v. immunoglobulin, ritonavir 100mg and darunavir 800mg per day, with hydroxychloroquine 200mg twice daily, according to our hospital's protocol for COVID-19 treatment. She never presented with respiratory symptoms or fever; chest CT was normal.
After Ig administration, the patient improved significantly with a MRC scale score of 4/5 in the distal part of the upper extremities and 3/5 in the proximal and distal parts of the lower extremities, with the appearance of diplegia. About 3 weeks after the onset of neurological symptoms, two nasopharyngeal swabs, taken 24 hours apart, were negative; the patient was transferred to a rehabilitation ward.
| [
"",
"A",
"66-year-old",
"Moroccan",
"woman",
",",
"resident",
"of",
"the",
"Bologna",
"area",
",",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"Imola",
"hospital",
"on",
"15",
"March",
"2020",
"with",
"hyposthenia",
"in",
"all",
"limbs",
",",
"more",
"intense",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"with",
"a",
"Medical",
"Research",
"Council",
"(",
"MRC",
")",
"scale",
"score",
"of",
"1",
"/",
"5",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"and",
"2",
"/",
"5",
"in",
"the",
"proximal",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"and",
"3",
"/",
"5",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"part",
"and",
"4",
"/",
"4",
"in",
"the",
"proximal",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
",",
"with",
"a",
"distal",
"tingling",
"sensation",
"and",
"intense",
"low",
"back",
"pain",
"of",
"eight",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"He",
"was",
"unable",
"to",
"walk",
",",
"reported",
"dysphagia",
"and",
"absent",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
".",
"Vital",
"signs",
"were",
"normal",
",",
"medical",
"history",
"was",
"irrelevant",
"and",
"he",
"reported",
"no",
"infection",
"during",
"the",
"previous",
"month",
".",
"Nerve",
"conduction",
"studies",
"consistent",
"with",
"demyelinating",
"polyneuropathy",
"and",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"analysis",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"consistent",
"with",
"our",
"hypothesis",
"(",
"protein",
"content",
"245",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"cells",
"13",
"/",
"mmc",
",",
"polymorphonucleated",
"61",
".",
"5",
"%",
")",
".",
"CSF",
"microbiological",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
"(",
"HSV1-2",
",",
"EBV",
",",
"VZV",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"Mycoplasma",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Borrelia",
")",
".",
"Anti-ganglioside",
"antibodies",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"ruled",
"out",
"electrolyte",
"abnormalities",
",",
"heavy",
"metal",
"or",
"drug",
"intoxication",
",",
"endocrine",
"disorders",
"or",
"folate",
"or",
"vitamin",
"B12",
"deficiency",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"elevated",
"creatine",
"kinase",
"(",
"461U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"normal",
"<",
"145",
")",
"and",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"5",
".",
"65mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"normal",
"<",
"0",
".",
"5",
")",
",",
"lymphocytopenia",
"(",
"0",
".",
"68",
"×",
"109",
"/",
"L",
",",
"normal",
"1",
".",
"10-4",
")",
"and",
"slightly",
"increased",
"LDH",
"(",
"284U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"normal",
"<",
"248",
")",
"and",
"GOT",
"and",
"GPT",
"(",
"549",
"and",
"547U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"normal",
"<",
"35",
")",
",",
"similar",
"to",
"laboratory",
"results",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"COVID-19",
".",
"RT-PCR",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"was",
"performed",
"on",
"a",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
",",
"with",
"a",
"positive",
"result",
".",
"Increased",
"interleukin",
"6",
"(",
"11pg",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"normal",
"<",
"5",
".",
"9",
")",
"was",
"found",
",",
"also",
"associated",
"with",
"COVID-19",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"a",
"COVID-19",
"ward",
"and",
"given",
"a",
"five-day",
"regimen",
"of",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"immunoglobulin",
",",
"ritonavir",
"100mg",
"and",
"darunavir",
"800mg",
"per",
"day",
",",
"with",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"200mg",
"twice",
"daily",
",",
"according",
"to",
"our",
"hospital",
"'",
"s",
"protocol",
"for",
"COVID-19",
"treatment",
".",
"She",
"never",
"presented",
"with",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"or",
"fever",
";",
"chest",
"CT",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"After",
"Ig",
"administration",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"improved",
"significantly",
"with",
"a",
"MRC",
"scale",
"score",
"of",
"4",
"/",
"5",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"upper",
"extremities",
"and",
"3",
"/",
"5",
"in",
"the",
"proximal",
"and",
"distal",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"extremities",
",",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"diplegia",
".",
"About",
"3",
"weeks",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"neurological",
"symptoms",
",",
"two",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swabs",
",",
"taken",
"24",
"hours",
"apart",
",",
"were",
"negative",
";",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"a",
"rehabilitation",
"ward",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 956,
"end": 964
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 923,
"end": 926
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 933,
"end": 954
}
] | en |
We present a 26-year-old male who was admitted to the Internal Medicine Department for fever and cutaneous-mucosal lesions accompanied by whitish urethral discharge and dysuria since three days before admission. As epidemiological history of interest, he reported unprotected sex with several heterosexual contacts in the last month.
On physical examination he was febrile (39.5o), normotensive, well perfused, eupneic and with no evidence of sepsis. He had millimetric submaxillary and left axillary lymphadenopathies, rolling and non-painful; involvement of the oral mucosa with necrotic desquamation of the lips, petechiae on the palate, whitish exudate and significant pain; asymptomatic macular periungual lesions on both hands, feet and scrotal and urethral level with no visible secretions. In addition, he had a dry cough with crackles in the right base.
Complementary tests showed monocytosis with left shift, elevated acute phase reactants (CRP 17.3, ESR 50, PCT 0.19) and an interstitial infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Serological results ruled out HIV, CMV, EBV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C. Blood cultures were negative while cultures of oral cavity and urethral exudate showed HSV-1 and Chlamydia trachomatis infection respectively. Dermatological assessment confirmed erythema multiforme multiforme major with involvement of the oral mucosa and acral areas reactive to the infectious process.
The patient showed rapid clinical, analytical and radiological improvement, with complete resolution of the lesions after symptomatic treatment and empirical antibiotherapy with Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline and Acyclovir for 10 days and a dose of Azithromycin. At one month follow-up the control serologies were negative and the complete examination was rigorously normal.
| [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"26-year-old",
"male",
"who",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"Department",
"for",
"fever",
"and",
"cutaneous-mucosal",
"lesions",
"accompanied",
"by",
"whitish",
"urethral",
"discharge",
"and",
"dysuria",
"since",
"three",
"days",
"before",
"admission",
".",
"As",
"epidemiological",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"he",
"reported",
"unprotected",
"sex",
"with",
"several",
"heterosexual",
"contacts",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"month",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
"he",
"was",
"febrile",
"(",
"39",
".",
"5o",
")",
",",
"normotensive",
",",
"well",
"perfused",
",",
"eupneic",
"and",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"sepsis",
".",
"He",
"had",
"millimetric",
"submaxillary",
"and",
"left",
"axillary",
"lymphadenopathies",
",",
"rolling",
"and",
"non-painful",
";",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"oral",
"mucosa",
"with",
"necrotic",
"desquamation",
"of",
"the",
"lips",
",",
"petechiae",
"on",
"the",
"palate",
",",
"whitish",
"exudate",
"and",
"significant",
"pain",
";",
"asymptomatic",
"macular",
"periungual",
"lesions",
"on",
"both",
"hands",
",",
"feet",
"and",
"scrotal",
"and",
"urethral",
"level",
"with",
"no",
"visible",
"secretions",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"he",
"had",
"a",
"dry",
"cough",
"with",
"crackles",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"base",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"showed",
"monocytosis",
"with",
"left",
"shift",
",",
"elevated",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"(",
"CRP",
"17",
".",
"3",
",",
"ESR",
"50",
",",
"PCT",
"0",
".",
"19",
")",
"and",
"an",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"lobe",
".",
"Serological",
"results",
"ruled",
"out",
"HIV",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"EBV",
",",
"syphilis",
",",
"and",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"and",
"C",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
"while",
"cultures",
"of",
"oral",
"cavity",
"and",
"urethral",
"exudate",
"showed",
"HSV-1",
"and",
"Chlamydia",
"trachomatis",
"infection",
"respectively",
".",
"Dermatological",
"assessment",
"confirmed",
"erythema",
"multiforme",
"multiforme",
"major",
"with",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"oral",
"mucosa",
"and",
"acral",
"areas",
"reactive",
"to",
"the",
"infectious",
"process",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"showed",
"rapid",
"clinical",
",",
"analytical",
"and",
"radiological",
"improvement",
",",
"with",
"complete",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
"after",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"and",
"empirical",
"antibiotherapy",
"with",
"Ceftriaxone",
",",
"Doxycycline",
"and",
"Acyclovir",
"for",
"10",
"days",
"and",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"Azithromycin",
".",
"At",
"one",
"month",
"follow-up",
"the",
"control",
"serologies",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"the",
"complete",
"examination",
"was",
"rigorously",
"normal",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "contacts",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 306,
"end": 314
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 25,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1070,
"end": 1073
},
{
"text": "Chlamydia trachomatis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1210,
"end": 1231
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1075,
"end": 1078
},
{
"text": "HSV-1",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1200,
"end": 1205
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1065,
"end": 1068
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1080,
"end": 1088
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1094,
"end": 1105
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B and C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1094,
"end": 1111
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1421,
"end": 1428
}
] | en |
Reason for admission
Impossibility, despite multiple attempts made in public and private care, of outpatient detoxification in cannabis use disorder as main diagnosis. Socio-demographic data Male, 33 years old. Waiter. He has been unemployed for 6 years and does not receive any benefits. Lives with his brother and parents, who own the house.
Family background
Father aged 62, with osteoarthritis. Mother aged 57, with anxiety. Brother aged 30, with cannabis and alcohol dependence. Personal history Clinical history opened at the local Drug Dependency Centre (CAD) in 1996. In 1997 he was admitted to a general hospital for heroin detoxification. He has been receiving methadone since 1999 at the ADC; for the last two years he has been taking 170 mg/day. In 1998 he spent only a couple of months in a therapeutic community; he dropped out of the programme. Both the doctor who referred him to the ADC and the private psychiatrist who also recommended his hospitalisation suggest the possible existence of a personality disorder, of a borderline or schizoid type. Medical and surgical history Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Current illness
- Severe cannabis dependence, the main diagnosis of the case. Smokes 20 joints a day since the age of 17. His daily life is spent at home, doing nothing; he goes to the street only to get the money he needs.
- Severe nicotine dependence since the age of 17, with 20 cigarettes a day.
- Moderate benzodiazepine dependence since three years. Currently reduced alprazolam dosage to 3 tablets/day of 2 mg.
- Dependence on opiates (heroin) in therapeutic maintenance with the agonist methadone. Has not been injecting heroin for nine years.
- Sustained total remission of cocaine snorted and injected years ago. Symptomatology Cannabis-induced insomnia, anxiety, depression and apathy ("amotivational syndrome"). Subjectively severe withdrawal episodes, with intense craving and severe physical discomfort, all described as unbearable. Compares cannabis withdrawal syndrome with methadone withdrawal syndrome. Previous personality No Axis II diagnosis Confirmed at discharge, with normal functioning in stable abstinence from cannabis.
Socio-familial factors
No apparent significance: stable parental couple, middle class, affluent. Overprotective.
Physical examination
Inappetence and low weight: 64 kg (height 181 cm).
Psychopathological examination
Collaborative, oriented, anxious, depressed ("I don't feel like living"), ambivalent about the change to stable abstinence. No sensory-perceptual disturbances or suicidal ideation. On admission the parents complained that the patient was almost always in bed smoking joints. Physical evolution Detoxification by means of a descending schedule of clomethiazole from 16 tablets/day. The tapering had to be slowed down for this case, so that the detoxification lasted twenty days, when it normally lasts eleven days or less. Intercurrent tremors, sweating, tachycardia and nausea due to abstinence anxiety during the first half of the hospital stay. Blood and urine tests with serology and thyroid function: mild anaemia attributable to low weight. Electrocardiogram with diffuse polarisation disorder, with no indication for treatment. Behavioural evolution Anxiety, affective lability and ambivalence during the first two weeks of hospitalisation. Exposure to individual interviews (psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, nurse) and psychosocial rehabilitation programme specific to dual pathology (group therapy, psychoeducation on relapse prevention and medication, relaxation, other activities).
Epicrisis
Preliminary assimilation of knowledge and skills for stable abstinence from cannabis and non-prescribed benzodiazepines. Initially stated that he wanted to be referred to a Therapeutic Community (TC), but withdrew shortly before discharge. Coordination In person and by telephone, the care team coordinated with the parents and with the TC professionals contacted during admission. Continuity of care Detoxified and with clinical improvement, at discharge he received a scheduled follow-up visit at the referring DKA. Treatment Methadone: equal dose (170 mg/day); paroxetine 20 mg: 1 tablet/day; oxcarbazepine 600 mg: 2 tablets/day; levoclorpromazine 25 mg if insomnia.
| [
"Reason",
"for",
"admission",
"Impossibility",
",",
"despite",
"multiple",
"attempts",
"made",
"in",
"public",
"and",
"private",
"care",
",",
"of",
"outpatient",
"detoxification",
"in",
"cannabis",
"use",
"disorder",
"as",
"main",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Socio-demographic",
"data",
"Male",
",",
"33",
"years",
"old",
".",
"Waiter",
".",
"He",
"has",
"been",
"unemployed",
"for",
"6",
"years",
"and",
"does",
"not",
"receive",
"any",
"benefits",
".",
"Lives",
"with",
"his",
"brother",
"and",
"parents",
",",
"who",
"own",
"the",
"house",
".",
"Family",
"background",
"Father",
"aged",
"62",
",",
"with",
"osteoarthritis",
".",
"Mother",
"aged",
"57",
",",
"with",
"anxiety",
".",
"Brother",
"aged",
"30",
",",
"with",
"cannabis",
"and",
"alcohol",
"dependence",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
"Clinical",
"history",
"opened",
"at",
"the",
"local",
"Drug",
"Dependency",
"Centre",
"(",
"CAD",
")",
"in",
"1996",
".",
"In",
"1997",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"a",
"general",
"hospital",
"for",
"heroin",
"detoxification",
".",
"He",
"has",
"been",
"receiving",
"methadone",
"since",
"1999",
"at",
"the",
"ADC",
";",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"two",
"years",
"he",
"has",
"been",
"taking",
"170",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
".",
"In",
"1998",
"he",
"spent",
"only",
"a",
"couple",
"of",
"months",
"in",
"a",
"therapeutic",
"community",
";",
"he",
"dropped",
"out",
"of",
"the",
"programme",
".",
"Both",
"the",
"doctor",
"who",
"referred",
"him",
"to",
"the",
"ADC",
"and",
"the",
"private",
"psychiatrist",
"who",
"also",
"recommended",
"his",
"hospitalisation",
"suggest",
"the",
"possible",
"existence",
"of",
"a",
"personality",
"disorder",
",",
"of",
"a",
"borderline",
"or",
"schizoid",
"type",
".",
"Medical",
"and",
"surgical",
"history",
"Benign",
"prostatic",
"hyperplasia",
".",
"Current",
"illness",
"-",
"Severe",
"cannabis",
"dependence",
",",
"the",
"main",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"the",
"case",
".",
"Smokes",
"20",
"joints",
"a",
"day",
"since",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"17",
".",
"His",
"daily",
"life",
"is",
"spent",
"at",
"home",
",",
"doing",
"nothing",
";",
"he",
"goes",
"to",
"the",
"street",
"only",
"to",
"get",
"the",
"money",
"he",
"needs",
".",
"-",
"Severe",
"nicotine",
"dependence",
"since",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"17",
",",
"with",
"20",
"cigarettes",
"a",
"day",
".",
"-",
"Moderate",
"benzodiazepine",
"dependence",
"since",
"three",
"years",
".",
"Currently",
"reduced",
"alprazolam",
"dosage",
"to",
"3",
"tablets",
"/",
"day",
"of",
"2",
"mg",
".",
"-",
"Dependence",
"on",
"opiates",
"(",
"heroin",
")",
"in",
"therapeutic",
"maintenance",
"with",
"the",
"agonist",
"methadone",
".",
"Has",
"not",
"been",
"injecting",
"heroin",
"for",
"nine",
"years",
".",
"-",
"Sustained",
"total",
"remission",
"of",
"cocaine",
"snorted",
"and",
"injected",
"years",
"ago",
".",
"Symptomatology",
"Cannabis-induced",
"insomnia",
",",
"anxiety",
",",
"depression",
"and",
"apathy",
"(",
"\"",
"amotivational",
"syndrome",
"\"",
")",
".",
"Subjectively",
"severe",
"withdrawal",
"episodes",
",",
"with",
"intense",
"craving",
"and",
"severe",
"physical",
"discomfort",
",",
"all",
"described",
"as",
"unbearable",
".",
"Compares",
"cannabis",
"withdrawal",
"syndrome",
"with",
"methadone",
"withdrawal",
"syndrome",
".",
"Previous",
"personality",
"No",
"Axis",
"II",
"diagnosis",
"Confirmed",
"at",
"discharge",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"functioning",
"in",
"stable",
"abstinence",
"from",
"cannabis",
".",
"Socio-familial",
"factors",
"No",
"apparent",
"significance",
":",
"stable",
"parental",
"couple",
",",
"middle",
"class",
",",
"affluent",
".",
"Overprotective",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Inappetence",
"and",
"low",
"weight",
":",
"64",
"kg",
"(",
"height",
"181",
"cm",
")",
".",
"Psychopathological",
"examination",
"Collaborative",
",",
"oriented",
",",
"anxious",
",",
"depressed",
"(",
"\"",
"I",
"don",
"'",
"t",
"feel",
"like",
"living",
"\"",
")",
",",
"ambivalent",
"about",
"the",
"change",
"to",
"stable",
"abstinence",
".",
"No",
"sensory-perceptual",
"disturbances",
"or",
"suicidal",
"ideation",
".",
"On",
"admission",
"the",
"parents",
"complained",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"almost",
"always",
"in",
"bed",
"smoking",
"joints",
".",
"Physical",
"evolution",
"Detoxification",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"a",
"descending",
"schedule",
"of",
"clomethiazole",
"from",
"16",
"tablets",
"/",
"day",
".",
"The",
"tapering",
"had",
"to",
"be",
"slowed",
"down",
"for",
"this",
"case",
",",
"so",
"that",
"the",
"detoxification",
"lasted",
"twenty",
"days",
",",
"when",
"it",
"normally",
"lasts",
"eleven",
"days",
"or",
"less",
".",
"Intercurrent",
"tremors",
",",
"sweating",
",",
"tachycardia",
"and",
"nausea",
"due",
"to",
"abstinence",
"anxiety",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"hospital",
"stay",
".",
"Blood",
"and",
"urine",
"tests",
"with",
"serology",
"and",
"thyroid",
"function",
":",
"mild",
"anaemia",
"attributable",
"to",
"low",
"weight",
".",
"Electrocardiogram",
"with",
"diffuse",
"polarisation",
"disorder",
",",
"with",
"no",
"indication",
"for",
"treatment",
".",
"Behavioural",
"evolution",
"Anxiety",
",",
"affective",
"lability",
"and",
"ambivalence",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"two",
"weeks",
"of",
"hospitalisation",
".",
"Exposure",
"to",
"individual",
"interviews",
"(",
"psychiatrist",
",",
"psychologist",
",",
"social",
"worker",
",",
"nurse",
")",
"and",
"psychosocial",
"rehabilitation",
"programme",
"specific",
"to",
"dual",
"pathology",
"(",
"group",
"therapy",
",",
"psychoeducation",
"on",
"relapse",
"prevention",
"and",
"medication",
",",
"relaxation",
",",
"other",
"activities",
")",
".",
"Epicrisis",
"Preliminary",
"assimilation",
"of",
"knowledge",
"and",
"skills",
"for",
"stable",
"abstinence",
"from",
"cannabis",
"and",
"non-prescribed",
"benzodiazepines",
".",
"Initially",
"stated",
"that",
"he",
"wanted",
"to",
"be",
"referred",
"to",
"a",
"Therapeutic",
"Community",
"(",
"TC",
")",
",",
"but",
"withdrew",
"shortly",
"before",
"discharge",
".",
"Coordination",
"In",
"person",
"and",
"by",
"telephone",
",",
"the",
"care",
"team",
"coordinated",
"with",
"the",
"parents",
"and",
"with",
"the",
"TC",
"professionals",
"contacted",
"during",
"admission",
".",
"Continuity",
"of",
"care",
"Detoxified",
"and",
"with",
"clinical",
"improvement",
",",
"at",
"discharge",
"he",
"received",
"a",
"scheduled",
"follow-up",
"visit",
"at",
"the",
"referring",
"DKA",
".",
"Treatment",
"Methadone",
":",
"equal",
"dose",
"(",
"170",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
")",
";",
"paroxetine",
"20",
"mg",
":",
"1",
"tablet",
"/",
"day",
";",
"oxcarbazepine",
"600",
"mg",
":",
"2",
"tablets",
"/",
"day",
";",
"levoclorpromazine",
"25",
"mg",
"if",
"insomnia",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 191,
"end": 195
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 127,
"end": 135
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 316,
"end": 323
},
{
"text": "Waiter",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 211,
"end": 217
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 345,
"end": 351
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 452,
"end": 460
},
{
"text": "doctor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 870,
"end": 876
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 485,
"end": 493
},
{
"text": "Father",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 363,
"end": 369
},
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 400,
"end": 406
},
{
"text": "psychiatrist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 921,
"end": 933
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1152,
"end": 1160
},
{
"text": "Cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1765,
"end": 1773
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1983,
"end": 1991
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2164,
"end": 2172
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2619,
"end": 2626
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2591,
"end": 2598
},
{
"text": "social worker",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3403,
"end": 3416
},
{
"text": "psychiatrist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3375,
"end": 3387
},
{
"text": "psychologist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3389,
"end": 3401
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3682,
"end": 3690
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3922,
"end": 3929
},
{
"text": "care team",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3891,
"end": 3900
},
{
"text": "TC professionals",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3943,
"end": 3959
}
] | en |
A previously healthy 29 year old North American woman, living in Chile for 12 months, consulted for the appearance of a painful lesion, with signs of inflammation and enlargement of the pubic and right vulvar area. She received empirical outpatient therapy with cefadroxil and then clindamycin, without clinical remission, for which she was hospitalised. She had no fever, dysuria or leucorrhoea, but had mild vulvar pruritus. Her partner had no genital lesions.
Laboratory tests including CBC, HSV, C-reactive protein and biochemical profile showed no abnormalities except for a mild eosinophilia of 7.9% (680 cells/mm3), her pregnancy test (B-hCG blood) was negative. Ultrasound examination of soft tissues showed a non-specific inflammatory process of the subcutaneous cellular tissue in the suprapubic region with extension to the right labium majus, with ipsilateral reactive inguinal adenopathy. As the clinical suspicion of cellulitis and vulvar phlegmon remained, iv antibacterial treatment with ceftriaxone and clindamycin was continued. After 48 h, the lesion progressed to the suprapubic area and then to the right iliofemoral area, for which reason vancomycin was added. The lesions were red, warm and pruritic rather than tender. On the sixth day of treatment, the lesion continued to spread to the right iliac fossa and crest. Blood inflammatory parameters remained low, with slightly elevated eosinophils (655 cells/mm3).
The patient's remote history revealed a long business trip to rural areas in several Southeast Asian countries, concluded 12 months prior to consultation, with consumption of raw sea and freshwater fish on multiple occasions. In addition, three months before the genital lesion, the patient reported abdominal symptoms characterised by nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhoea without pathological elements accompanied by fever (five days), myalgias and arthralgias, which lasted for more than three weeks, with a weight loss of five kilos. This episode was studied without finding an aetiological cause and resolved spontaneously without specific therapy.
Due to the migration of the lesion, the presence of eosinophilia, his history of travel and consumption of raw fish, a diagnosis of eosinophilic migratory panniculitis due to gnathostomiasis was proposed. Antibacterials were discontinued, empirical antiparasitic therapy with oral albendazole (400 mg every 12 h) was started and a serum sample was sent to the reference laboratory in Asia (Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand). A serial parasitological examination and Baermann test were negative for parasite eggs and larvae in stool. Serological examination in the laboratory in Bangkok confirmed the diagnosis, detecting IgG antibodies against Gnathostoma spinigerium antigens by immunoblot technique.
Migration of the lesion stopped two days after initiation of antiparasitic treatment, with frank regression of the erythema and appearance of a small, non-painful nodule in the centre, which has been described by biopsy of the lesion, occasionally finding immobile or dead larvae. After eight days of outpatient treatment, the patient underwent a new pregnancy test, which was positive, and the antiparasitic was discontinued. Subsequent 12-month follow-up showed no reactivation of the lesion and no skin and soft tissue symptoms at other sites. As there are cases of relapse, the patient was educated for early consultation in case of recurrence of lesions.
| [
"A",
"previously",
"healthy",
"29",
"year",
"old",
"North",
"American",
"woman",
",",
"living",
"in",
"Chile",
"for",
"12",
"months",
",",
"consulted",
"for",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"a",
"painful",
"lesion",
",",
"with",
"signs",
"of",
"inflammation",
"and",
"enlargement",
"of",
"the",
"pubic",
"and",
"right",
"vulvar",
"area",
".",
"She",
"received",
"empirical",
"outpatient",
"therapy",
"with",
"cefadroxil",
"and",
"then",
"clindamycin",
",",
"without",
"clinical",
"remission",
",",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"was",
"hospitalised",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"fever",
",",
"dysuria",
"or",
"leucorrhoea",
",",
"but",
"had",
"mild",
"vulvar",
"pruritus",
".",
"Her",
"partner",
"had",
"no",
"genital",
"lesions",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"including",
"CBC",
",",
"HSV",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"and",
"biochemical",
"profile",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
"except",
"for",
"a",
"mild",
"eosinophilia",
"of",
"7",
".",
"9",
"%",
"(",
"680",
"cells",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
",",
"her",
"pregnancy",
"test",
"(",
"B-hCG",
"blood",
")",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Ultrasound",
"examination",
"of",
"soft",
"tissues",
"showed",
"a",
"non-specific",
"inflammatory",
"process",
"of",
"the",
"subcutaneous",
"cellular",
"tissue",
"in",
"the",
"suprapubic",
"region",
"with",
"extension",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"labium",
"majus",
",",
"with",
"ipsilateral",
"reactive",
"inguinal",
"adenopathy",
".",
"As",
"the",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
"of",
"cellulitis",
"and",
"vulvar",
"phlegmon",
"remained",
",",
"iv",
"antibacterial",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"clindamycin",
"was",
"continued",
".",
"After",
"48",
"h",
",",
"the",
"lesion",
"progressed",
"to",
"the",
"suprapubic",
"area",
"and",
"then",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"iliofemoral",
"area",
",",
"for",
"which",
"reason",
"vancomycin",
"was",
"added",
".",
"The",
"lesions",
"were",
"red",
",",
"warm",
"and",
"pruritic",
"rather",
"than",
"tender",
".",
"On",
"the",
"sixth",
"day",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"lesion",
"continued",
"to",
"spread",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"iliac",
"fossa",
"and",
"crest",
".",
"Blood",
"inflammatory",
"parameters",
"remained",
"low",
",",
"with",
"slightly",
"elevated",
"eosinophils",
"(",
"655",
"cells",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"remote",
"history",
"revealed",
"a",
"long",
"business",
"trip",
"to",
"rural",
"areas",
"in",
"several",
"Southeast",
"Asian",
"countries",
",",
"concluded",
"12",
"months",
"prior",
"to",
"consultation",
",",
"with",
"consumption",
"of",
"raw",
"sea",
"and",
"freshwater",
"fish",
"on",
"multiple",
"occasions",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"three",
"months",
"before",
"the",
"genital",
"lesion",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"abdominal",
"symptoms",
"characterised",
"by",
"nausea",
",",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"and",
"diarrhoea",
"without",
"pathological",
"elements",
"accompanied",
"by",
"fever",
"(",
"five",
"days",
")",
",",
"myalgias",
"and",
"arthralgias",
",",
"which",
"lasted",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"three",
"weeks",
",",
"with",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"five",
"kilos",
".",
"This",
"episode",
"was",
"studied",
"without",
"finding",
"an",
"aetiological",
"cause",
"and",
"resolved",
"spontaneously",
"without",
"specific",
"therapy",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"migration",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"eosinophilia",
",",
"his",
"history",
"of",
"travel",
"and",
"consumption",
"of",
"raw",
"fish",
",",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"eosinophilic",
"migratory",
"panniculitis",
"due",
"to",
"gnathostomiasis",
"was",
"proposed",
".",
"Antibacterials",
"were",
"discontinued",
",",
"empirical",
"antiparasitic",
"therapy",
"with",
"oral",
"albendazole",
"(",
"400",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"h",
")",
"was",
"started",
"and",
"a",
"serum",
"sample",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"reference",
"laboratory",
"in",
"Asia",
"(",
"Department",
"of",
"Helminthology",
",",
"Faculty",
"of",
"Tropical",
"Medicine",
",",
"Mahidol",
"University",
",",
"Bangkok",
",",
"Thailand",
")",
".",
"A",
"serial",
"parasitological",
"examination",
"and",
"Baermann",
"test",
"were",
"negative",
"for",
"parasite",
"eggs",
"and",
"larvae",
"in",
"stool",
".",
"Serological",
"examination",
"in",
"the",
"laboratory",
"in",
"Bangkok",
"confirmed",
"the",
"diagnosis",
",",
"detecting",
"IgG",
"antibodies",
"against",
"Gnathostoma",
"spinigerium",
"antigens",
"by",
"immunoblot",
"technique",
".",
"Migration",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"stopped",
"two",
"days",
"after",
"initiation",
"of",
"antiparasitic",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"frank",
"regression",
"of",
"the",
"erythema",
"and",
"appearance",
"of",
"a",
"small",
",",
"non-painful",
"nodule",
"in",
"the",
"centre",
",",
"which",
"has",
"been",
"described",
"by",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
",",
"occasionally",
"finding",
"immobile",
"or",
"dead",
"larvae",
".",
"After",
"eight",
"days",
"of",
"outpatient",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"underwent",
"a",
"new",
"pregnancy",
"test",
",",
"which",
"was",
"positive",
",",
"and",
"the",
"antiparasitic",
"was",
"discontinued",
".",
"Subsequent",
"12-month",
"follow-up",
"showed",
"no",
"reactivation",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"and",
"no",
"skin",
"and",
"soft",
"tissue",
"symptoms",
"at",
"other",
"sites",
".",
"As",
"there",
"are",
"cases",
"of",
"relapse",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"educated",
"for",
"early",
"consultation",
"in",
"case",
"of",
"recurrence",
"of",
"lesions",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 48,
"end": 53
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 431,
"end": 438
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 496,
"end": 499
},
{
"text": "antibacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 976,
"end": 989
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1443,
"end": 1450
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1722,
"end": 1729
},
{
"text": "fish",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1637,
"end": 1641
},
{
"text": "Antibacterials",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2298,
"end": 2312
},
{
"text": "fish",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2204,
"end": 2208
},
{
"text": "Gnathostoma spinigerium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2801,
"end": 2824
},
{
"text": "antiparasitic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2342,
"end": 2355
},
{
"text": "Helminthology",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2497,
"end": 2510
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3187,
"end": 3194
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3442,
"end": 3449
},
{
"text": "antiparasitic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2921,
"end": 2934
},
{
"text": "antiparasitic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3255,
"end": 3268
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
84-year-old male, hypertensive, ex-smoker. Left hemispheric ischaemic strokes in 2000 and 2005. Amputation of the right lower limb due to ischaemia in May 2011. Chronic treatment with: bisoprolol, nifedipine, omeprazole, acetylsalicylic acid and candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide. Urological history: after amputation of the right lower limb, he suffered several episodes of urinary tract infections treated with antibiotics and a single positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, only sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. Several episodes of self-limited haematuria in the last 4 months, with normal haemogram and serum biochemistry.
The patient attended the emergency department (14/10/2011) due to deterioration of general condition, diffuse abdominal pain and macroscopic haematuria of weeks of evolution. He did not present fever, nausea or micturition syndrome.
Physical examination
Conscious, eupneic and afebrile, with marked cutaneous-mucosal pallor. Cardiopulmonary auscultation normal. Blood pressure 104/51 mmHg. Heart rate 65 bpm. Abdomen soft, non-painful, with negative bilateral fist percussion. External genitalia normal. Rectal examination: fibroelastic prostate, II/IV, mobile, non-painful.
Complementary tests
- Blood tests (on arrival at the ED): haemoglobin 4.6 g/dl, haematocrit 14.4%, 452,000 platelets/mm3, 10,080 leukocytes/mm3 (neutrophils 79.2%). Prothrombin time 62%, glucose 100 mg/dl, urea 284 mg/dl, creatinine 8.97 mg/dl, Na+ 137 mEq/l, K+ 7.2 mEq/l.
- Urine: density 1.015; pH 8. Sediment with macroscopic haematuria and microleucocyturia.
- Urine culture: Klebsiella pneumoniae, only resistant to ampicillin.
- Abdominal ultrasound: atrophic right kidney (5.6 cm long axis). Left kidney with occupation of the pyelo-infundibulo-calyceal system by hyperechogenic images leaving a posterior acoustic shadow, compatible with lithiasis. No dilatation of the excretory systems or lithiasis in the ureteral tract. Bladder not assessable. Prostate 60 cc. The rest of the abdominal structures were normal.
- Abdominal CT scan without contrast: atrophic right kidney. Left kidney of normal size with mild ectasia of the excretory system, showing a thickened wall with calcification of the mucosal surface in practically its entire course, of a non-specific nature. Fighting bladder, with calcification of the mucosa on the posterior wall. Right pleural effusion.
Diagnosis
Encrusted pyelitis in a single functioning kidney due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Treatment and evolution
On arrival, red blood cell transfusion, haemodialysis and bladder catheterisation are performed. The haematuria varied in intensity over the days, without ever disappearing. Antibiotic treatment was started with piperacillin-tazobactam (2/0.5 g every 8 h), based on previous urine culture and ascorbic acid (500 mg/8 h) to acidify the urine due to a urinary pH of 9, but was discontinued after 48 hours due to metabolic acidosis. After several haemodialysis sessions and transfusions, renal function progressively deteriorated, despite a daily diuresis of 1,500 cc. On the twelfth day of admission, he presented with atrial fibrillation, heart failure and chest pain with myocardial damage. The patient and his family refused more aggressive treatment and he died 15 days after admission.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"84-year-old",
"male",
",",
"hypertensive",
",",
"ex-smoker",
".",
"Left",
"hemispheric",
"ischaemic",
"strokes",
"in",
"2000",
"and",
"2005",
".",
"Amputation",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
"due",
"to",
"ischaemia",
"in",
"May",
"2011",
".",
"Chronic",
"treatment",
"with",
":",
"bisoprolol",
",",
"nifedipine",
",",
"omeprazole",
",",
"acetylsalicylic",
"acid",
"and",
"candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide",
".",
"Urological",
"history",
":",
"after",
"amputation",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
",",
"he",
"suffered",
"several",
"episodes",
"of",
"urinary",
"tract",
"infections",
"treated",
"with",
"antibiotics",
"and",
"a",
"single",
"positive",
"culture",
"for",
"Pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
",",
"only",
"sensitive",
"to",
"piperacillin-tazobactam",
"and",
"imipenem",
".",
"Several",
"episodes",
"of",
"self-limited",
"haematuria",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"4",
"months",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"haemogram",
"and",
"serum",
"biochemistry",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"(",
"14",
"/",
"10",
"/",
"2011",
")",
"due",
"to",
"deterioration",
"of",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"diffuse",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"and",
"macroscopic",
"haematuria",
"of",
"weeks",
"of",
"evolution",
".",
"He",
"did",
"not",
"present",
"fever",
",",
"nausea",
"or",
"micturition",
"syndrome",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Conscious",
",",
"eupneic",
"and",
"afebrile",
",",
"with",
"marked",
"cutaneous-mucosal",
"pallor",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"normal",
".",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"104",
"/",
"51",
"mmHg",
".",
"Heart",
"rate",
"65",
"bpm",
".",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
",",
"non-painful",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"bilateral",
"fist",
"percussion",
".",
"External",
"genitalia",
"normal",
".",
"Rectal",
"examination",
":",
"fibroelastic",
"prostate",
",",
"II",
"/",
"IV",
",",
"mobile",
",",
"non-painful",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Blood",
"tests",
"(",
"on",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"ED",
")",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"4",
".",
"6",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"haematocrit",
"14",
".",
"4",
"%",
",",
"452",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"10",
",",
"080",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"neutrophils",
"79",
".",
"2",
"%",
")",
".",
"Prothrombin",
"time",
"62",
"%",
",",
"glucose",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"urea",
"284",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"8",
".",
"97",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"Na",
"+",
"137",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"K",
"+",
"7",
".",
"2",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
".",
"-",
"Urine",
":",
"density",
"1",
".",
"015",
";",
"pH",
"8",
".",
"Sediment",
"with",
"macroscopic",
"haematuria",
"and",
"microleucocyturia",
".",
"-",
"Urine",
"culture",
":",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"only",
"resistant",
"to",
"ampicillin",
".",
"-",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
":",
"atrophic",
"right",
"kidney",
"(",
"5",
".",
"6",
"cm",
"long",
"axis",
")",
".",
"Left",
"kidney",
"with",
"occupation",
"of",
"the",
"pyelo-infundibulo-calyceal",
"system",
"by",
"hyperechogenic",
"images",
"leaving",
"a",
"posterior",
"acoustic",
"shadow",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"lithiasis",
".",
"No",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"excretory",
"systems",
"or",
"lithiasis",
"in",
"the",
"ureteral",
"tract",
".",
"Bladder",
"not",
"assessable",
".",
"Prostate",
"60",
"cc",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"abdominal",
"structures",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"without",
"contrast",
":",
"atrophic",
"right",
"kidney",
".",
"Left",
"kidney",
"of",
"normal",
"size",
"with",
"mild",
"ectasia",
"of",
"the",
"excretory",
"system",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"thickened",
"wall",
"with",
"calcification",
"of",
"the",
"mucosal",
"surface",
"in",
"practically",
"its",
"entire",
"course",
",",
"of",
"a",
"non-specific",
"nature",
".",
"Fighting",
"bladder",
",",
"with",
"calcification",
"of",
"the",
"mucosa",
"on",
"the",
"posterior",
"wall",
".",
"Right",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Encrusted",
"pyelitis",
"in",
"a",
"single",
"functioning",
"kidney",
"due",
"to",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
".",
"Treatment",
"and",
"evolution",
"On",
"arrival",
",",
"red",
"blood",
"cell",
"transfusion",
",",
"haemodialysis",
"and",
"bladder",
"catheterisation",
"are",
"performed",
".",
"The",
"haematuria",
"varied",
"in",
"intensity",
"over",
"the",
"days",
",",
"without",
"ever",
"disappearing",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"piperacillin-tazobactam",
"(",
"2",
"/",
"0",
".",
"5",
"g",
"every",
"8",
"h",
")",
",",
"based",
"on",
"previous",
"urine",
"culture",
"and",
"ascorbic",
"acid",
"(",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"8",
"h",
")",
"to",
"acidify",
"the",
"urine",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"urinary",
"pH",
"of",
"9",
",",
"but",
"was",
"discontinued",
"after",
"48",
"hours",
"due",
"to",
"metabolic",
"acidosis",
".",
"After",
"several",
"haemodialysis",
"sessions",
"and",
"transfusions",
",",
"renal",
"function",
"progressively",
"deteriorated",
",",
"despite",
"a",
"daily",
"diuresis",
"of",
"1",
",",
"500",
"cc",
".",
"On",
"the",
"twelfth",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
",",
"heart",
"failure",
"and",
"chest",
"pain",
"with",
"myocardial",
"damage",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"and",
"his",
"family",
"refused",
"more",
"aggressive",
"treatment",
"and",
"he",
"died",
"15",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 467,
"end": 489
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 663,
"end": 670
},
{
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1617,
"end": 1638
},
{
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2483,
"end": 2504
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3241,
"end": 3247
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3225,
"end": 3232
}
] | en |
50-year-old woman diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis since 2011, subclinical hypothyroidism, hypovitaminosis D and active smoking (25 cigarettes/day for 34 years). The patient had been on the following treatment since December 2013: etanercept 50 mcg (1 subcutaneous injection/week), methotrexate (10 mg oral every 12 hours on Mondays), folic acid (5 mg on Tuesdays), prednisone (5 mg daily), hydroferol (1 ampoule daily) and conditional analgesia for pain. She was correctly vaccinated against pneumococcus, hepatitis B virus and influenza virus and had a negative Mantoux test prior to starting treatment with anti-TNF-α.
She attended the emergency department for general malaise, myalgias and fever of up to 39oC that had started four days earlier. He also had a cough with purulent expectoration, dyspnoea that had progressed to minimal effort and diarrhoeal stools (2-3 times/day) without pathological products since the onset of the symptoms. During the first hours he presented with frank hypotension refractory to correct hydration, oligoanuria, fever resistant to antipyretics and hypoxaemia (SpO2 90% with a FiO2 of 28%), so the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was consulted and he was transferred. On arrival, the following analytical results were observed: neutrophilia 97% without leukocytosis, renal function without alteration, mild hyponatraemia (Sodium 132 mEq/L) without other electrolyte alterations, LDH 602 U/l and C-reactive protein 405 mg/l. There was no coagulopathy and venous blood gases showed pH 7.51, pO2 21 mmHg, pCO2 47 mmHg, bicarbonate 16.8 mmol/L and O2 sat 88%. Chest X-ray showed a condensation in the left upper lobe (LSI), well demarcated and with air bronchogram and left basal atelectasis.
Differential diagnosis
The potential opportunistic infections that occur relatively frequently in patients treated with anti-TNF-α drugs are well documented in the literature. The pulmonary involvement of our patient would make tuberculosis one of the main entities to rule out, although fungal infections caused by Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Cryptococcus and Pneumocystis jirovecii, among others, and some bacterial infections such as Legionella and Pneumococcus, or other less common ones, such as Listeria or Nocardia should also form part of the differential diagnosis. Among the viral infections that frequently manifest as pneumonia in these patients, adenovirus, influenza (A and B) and parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) should be considered. Pulmonary tuberculosis is probably the respiratory infection whose association has been most studied in patients treated with anti-TNF-α. Recent studies showed that Spain and Portugal have substantially higher rates than other European countries in this type of patients. Tuberculosis usually occurs soon after initiation of anti-TNF-α, usually as reactivation of a latent infection, whereas, when it appears late, it would represent (in most cases) a new infection that progresses directly to active disease. The wide range of symptoms it can cause means that it is always part of the differential diagnosis in these cases.
Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii) is an increasingly prevalent invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. The organism is normally found in soil and in high concentrations near bird nests, and inhalation may occur. In animal models of Cryptococcus infection, TNF-α inhibition is associated with impaired recruitment of activated CD4+ T cells and Langerhans cells to the site of infection, leading to an increased risk of dissemination. In addition to affecting the CNS, it can also cause respiratory infections, ranging from asymptomatic to respiratory distress syndrome or pneumonia. Diagnostic tools include: fungal investigation and determination of cryptococcal antigen in serum and, in a large number of cases, analysis of a histological specimen is required.
In pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients, the main culprit is usually Aspergillus fumigatus, and can present with a wide variety of symptoms. The classic triad includes fever, pleuritic pain and haemoptysis. However, the absence of this triad is not uncommon, and the disease should be considered in patients with risk factors in whom chest radiography often reveals pulmonary nodules and/or infiltrates. The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is based on isolation of the organism (or markers of the organism such as serum galactomannan), imaging tests and high clinical suspicion.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia has been reported in patients treated with TNF-α inhibitors, especially in concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Transmission occurs via airborne person-to-person contact. Diagnosis should be considered in patients with risk factors (neoplasms, especially haematological, HIV, transplant recipients, patients on immunosuppressive therapy, etc.) who present a compatible radiological picture (interstitial involvement predominantly bilateral perihilar, with reticular or nodular opacities and/or areas of irregular consolidation), and is performed by microscopy by staining a sputum sample (or bronchioalveolar lavage). Listeria monocytogenes is mainly transmitted by consumption of contaminated food and beverages or close contact with animals. The main risk factor is undoubtedly the immunosuppressed state. Although bacteraemia, gastrointestinal or central nervous system infections are more common, there have been cases of pulmonary listeriosis, which usually have a severe prognosis. Definitive diagnosis is obtained by isolation in different culture samples, depending on the clinical picture.
Legionella pneumophila is generally found in humid environments. It is transmitted via the respiratory route and can cause pneumonia with atypical characteristics and symptoms that can be very florid (cough, fever, diarrhoea, hyponatraemia, renal failure, confusion, ataxia, etc.) and can be very serious. In almost 100% of cases there is some radiological alteration on the third day. The most common pattern is an irregular unilobular infiltrate progressing to consolidation, with pleural effusions also common. Diagnosis of infection is based on clinical findings, culture (specificity approximately 100%, but sensitivity variable depending on sputum (60%), blood (40%) or lung biopsy (90%)), antigenuria and direct immunofluorescence visualisation. In recent years, an increasing number of cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection have been detected in adults, especially the elderly. Transmission is airborne and usually occurs epidemically. The clinical features may overlap with those of typical pneumonia, although occasionally there is a characteristic feature, bullous myringitis, which supports the diagnosis. Diagnostic methods include culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology with IgM and IgG (most common). Several issues can hamper management, such as the time it takes to obtain serology results and the lack of complete correlation that has occurred in different assays when comparing PCR, serology and culture results.
Among the influenza viruses, type A stands out for its potential severity and the possibility of causing pandemics. Although its distribution is usually seasonal, it is not uncommon to find this infection in immunocompromised patients outside the typical seasons. In these cases it is not uncommon to find primary influenza pneumonia (which generally has a very severe prognosis, with a mortality rate of around 80%), which is much rarer in the general population, where the main complication is bacterial pneumonia secondary to influenza infection. Diagnosis can be made by culture, serology, or through rapid diagnostic tests with enzyme immunoassay (EIA), immunofluorescence, or PCR. On the other hand, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), like influenza, often causes respiratory infections on a seasonal basis. Transmission is also similar, causing an initial involvement of the bronchiole that may progress to pneumonia. Rapid diagnostic methods based on viral PCR are available that detect multiple respiratory viruses simultaneously and rapidly. However, caution is needed in interpretation as up to 15% of healthy people harbour some of these viruses in the respiratory tract.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of infections in immunocompromised patients, especially in transplant recipients, either in primary or reactivation form. Therefore, serology (presence of IgM or increased IgG x4) and/or viral load detection by PCR should always be requested.
Evolution
The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit where vasoactive agents were started as well as empirical antibiotic treatment with levofloxacin 500 mg and ceftriaxone 2 grams.
Serial blood cultures, urine culture, sputum culture, smear microscopy (x3) and Legionella and pneumococcal antigens in urine were requested. In the first 12 hours a positive antigenuria for Legionella was received (with subsequent confirmation by immunofluorescence and after heat treatment of the urine), and a sputum culture was also positive for Legionella in the following days. Treatment was adjusted, maintaining levofloxacin 500 mg/12 hours and replacing cephalosporin with azithromycin 500 mg/24 hours. The rest of the microbiological tests requested were negative.
The evolution was torpid during the first few days with repeated desaturations that made it necessary to initiate High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (HFO) without requiring mechanical ventilation. He also remained dependent on vasoactive agents to maintain a MAP>70 mmHg and presented syncopal symptoms. An echocardiogram showed a mild pericardial effusion and the presence of empyema was ruled out by thoracic ultrasound. Clinically he remained alert and conscious, with orthopnoea and tachypnoea. Cough with purulent expectoration persisted and the intestinal symptoms subsided in the first 24 hours (negative stool culture and Clostridium difficile toxins). On the 5th day, he began to experience progressive improvement, and ONAF and noradrenaline could be withdrawn and the febrile peaks disappeared. Finally, he was transferred to our Infectious Diseases Department after a 10-day stay in the ICU (without azithromycin, which was maintained for 8 days), where he continued to progress favourably and was discharged from hospital. Laboratory tests included: favourable evolution of C-reactive protein (at discharge 32.09 mg/l), initial procalcitonin determination of 5.2 ng/ml (at discharge 0.79 ng/ml), preserved renal function and slight elevation of GPT (57 U/l) and GGT (67 U/l).
Other complementary tests requested: serological tests for Coxiella burnetti, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma, PCR for typing Legionella species (performed in Majadahonda, serotype 1) and chest CT scan with contrast (extensive consolidations in LSI and homolateral lower lobe, with abundant air bronchogram, slight volume loss and bibasal laminar atelectasis. From the first moment of admission, both anti-TNF-α and methotrexate were withdrawn and the dose of prednisone was increased (30 mg/day), and the patient continued with no evidence of activity of her rheumatoid process. On discharge, she continued treatment with prednisone alone in a descending dosage (as indicated by Rheumatology) and completed treatment with Levofloxacin for a further 6 days. Currently, treatment has been restarted with methotrexate (5 mg oral/12 hours on Mondays) and prednisone 5 mg/24 hours, without the need to restart anti-TNF-α.
Final diagnosis
Septic shock secondary to Legionella multilobar pneumonia in an immunocompromised patient.
| [
"50-year-old",
"woman",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
"since",
"2011",
",",
"subclinical",
"hypothyroidism",
",",
"hypovitaminosis",
"D",
"and",
"active",
"smoking",
"(",
"25",
"cigarettes",
"/",
"day",
"for",
"34",
"years",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"been",
"on",
"the",
"following",
"treatment",
"since",
"December",
"2013",
":",
"etanercept",
"50",
"mcg",
"(",
"1",
"subcutaneous",
"injection",
"/",
"week",
")",
",",
"methotrexate",
"(",
"10",
"mg",
"oral",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"on",
"Mondays",
")",
",",
"folic",
"acid",
"(",
"5",
"mg",
"on",
"Tuesdays",
")",
",",
"prednisone",
"(",
"5",
"mg",
"daily",
")",
",",
"hydroferol",
"(",
"1",
"ampoule",
"daily",
")",
"and",
"conditional",
"analgesia",
"for",
"pain",
".",
"She",
"was",
"correctly",
"vaccinated",
"against",
"pneumococcus",
",",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"virus",
"and",
"influenza",
"virus",
"and",
"had",
"a",
"negative",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"prior",
"to",
"starting",
"treatment",
"with",
"anti-TNF-α",
".",
"She",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"myalgias",
"and",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"that",
"had",
"started",
"four",
"days",
"earlier",
".",
"He",
"also",
"had",
"a",
"cough",
"with",
"purulent",
"expectoration",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"that",
"had",
"progressed",
"to",
"minimal",
"effort",
"and",
"diarrhoeal",
"stools",
"(",
"2-3",
"times",
"/",
"day",
")",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
"since",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
".",
"During",
"the",
"first",
"hours",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"frank",
"hypotension",
"refractory",
"to",
"correct",
"hydration",
",",
"oligoanuria",
",",
"fever",
"resistant",
"to",
"antipyretics",
"and",
"hypoxaemia",
"(",
"SpO2",
"90",
"%",
"with",
"a",
"FiO2",
"of",
"28",
"%",
")",
",",
"so",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
"(",
"ICU",
")",
"was",
"consulted",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"transferred",
".",
"On",
"arrival",
",",
"the",
"following",
"analytical",
"results",
"were",
"observed",
":",
"neutrophilia",
"97",
"%",
"without",
"leukocytosis",
",",
"renal",
"function",
"without",
"alteration",
",",
"mild",
"hyponatraemia",
"(",
"Sodium",
"132",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
")",
"without",
"other",
"electrolyte",
"alterations",
",",
"LDH",
"602",
"U",
"/",
"l",
"and",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"405",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"coagulopathy",
"and",
"venous",
"blood",
"gases",
"showed",
"pH",
"7",
".",
"51",
",",
"pO2",
"21",
"mmHg",
",",
"pCO2",
"47",
"mmHg",
",",
"bicarbonate",
"16",
".",
"8",
"mmol",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"O2",
"sat",
"88",
"%",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"a",
"condensation",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
"(",
"LSI",
")",
",",
"well",
"demarcated",
"and",
"with",
"air",
"bronchogram",
"and",
"left",
"basal",
"atelectasis",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"potential",
"opportunistic",
"infections",
"that",
"occur",
"relatively",
"frequently",
"in",
"patients",
"treated",
"with",
"anti-TNF-α",
"drugs",
"are",
"well",
"documented",
"in",
"the",
"literature",
".",
"The",
"pulmonary",
"involvement",
"of",
"our",
"patient",
"would",
"make",
"tuberculosis",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"main",
"entities",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
",",
"although",
"fungal",
"infections",
"caused",
"by",
"Aspergillus",
",",
"Histoplasma",
",",
"Cryptococcus",
"and",
"Pneumocystis",
"jirovecii",
",",
"among",
"others",
",",
"and",
"some",
"bacterial",
"infections",
"such",
"as",
"Legionella",
"and",
"Pneumococcus",
",",
"or",
"other",
"less",
"common",
"ones",
",",
"such",
"as",
"Listeria",
"or",
"Nocardia",
"should",
"also",
"form",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Among",
"the",
"viral",
"infections",
"that",
"frequently",
"manifest",
"as",
"pneumonia",
"in",
"these",
"patients",
",",
"adenovirus",
",",
"influenza",
"(",
"A",
"and",
"B",
")",
"and",
"parainfluenza",
",",
"respiratory",
"syncytial",
"virus",
"(",
"RSV",
")",
"and",
"cytomegalovirus",
"(",
"CMV",
")",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"tuberculosis",
"is",
"probably",
"the",
"respiratory",
"infection",
"whose",
"association",
"has",
"been",
"most",
"studied",
"in",
"patients",
"treated",
"with",
"anti-TNF-α",
".",
"Recent",
"studies",
"showed",
"that",
"Spain",
"and",
"Portugal",
"have",
"substantially",
"higher",
"rates",
"than",
"other",
"European",
"countries",
"in",
"this",
"type",
"of",
"patients",
".",
"Tuberculosis",
"usually",
"occurs",
"soon",
"after",
"initiation",
"of",
"anti-TNF-α",
",",
"usually",
"as",
"reactivation",
"of",
"a",
"latent",
"infection",
",",
"whereas",
",",
"when",
"it",
"appears",
"late",
",",
"it",
"would",
"represent",
"(",
"in",
"most",
"cases",
")",
"a",
"new",
"infection",
"that",
"progresses",
"directly",
"to",
"active",
"disease",
".",
"The",
"wide",
"range",
"of",
"symptoms",
"it",
"can",
"cause",
"means",
"that",
"it",
"is",
"always",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"in",
"these",
"cases",
".",
"Cryptococcosis",
"(",
"Cryptococcus",
"neoformans",
"and",
"Cryptococcus",
"gattii",
")",
"is",
"an",
"increasingly",
"prevalent",
"invasive",
"fungal",
"infection",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
".",
"The",
"organism",
"is",
"normally",
"found",
"in",
"soil",
"and",
"in",
"high",
"concentrations",
"near",
"bird",
"nests",
",",
"and",
"inhalation",
"may",
"occur",
".",
"In",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"Cryptococcus",
"infection",
",",
"TNF-α",
"inhibition",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"impaired",
"recruitment",
"of",
"activated",
"CD4",
"+",
"T",
"cells",
"and",
"Langerhans",
"cells",
"to",
"the",
"site",
"of",
"infection",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"an",
"increased",
"risk",
"of",
"dissemination",
".",
"In",
"addition",
"to",
"affecting",
"the",
"CNS",
",",
"it",
"can",
"also",
"cause",
"respiratory",
"infections",
",",
"ranging",
"from",
"asymptomatic",
"to",
"respiratory",
"distress",
"syndrome",
"or",
"pneumonia",
".",
"Diagnostic",
"tools",
"include",
":",
"fungal",
"investigation",
"and",
"determination",
"of",
"cryptococcal",
"antigen",
"in",
"serum",
"and",
",",
"in",
"a",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"cases",
",",
"analysis",
"of",
"a",
"histological",
"specimen",
"is",
"required",
".",
"In",
"pulmonary",
"aspergillosis",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
",",
"the",
"main",
"culprit",
"is",
"usually",
"Aspergillus",
"fumigatus",
",",
"and",
"can",
"present",
"with",
"a",
"wide",
"variety",
"of",
"symptoms",
".",
"The",
"classic",
"triad",
"includes",
"fever",
",",
"pleuritic",
"pain",
"and",
"haemoptysis",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"this",
"triad",
"is",
"not",
"uncommon",
",",
"and",
"the",
"disease",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"risk",
"factors",
"in",
"whom",
"chest",
"radiography",
"often",
"reveals",
"pulmonary",
"nodules",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"infiltrates",
".",
"The",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"invasive",
"aspergillosis",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"isolation",
"of",
"the",
"organism",
"(",
"or",
"markers",
"of",
"the",
"organism",
"such",
"as",
"serum",
"galactomannan",
")",
",",
"imaging",
"tests",
"and",
"high",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
".",
"Pneumocystis",
"jirovecii",
"pneumonia",
"has",
"been",
"reported",
"in",
"patients",
"treated",
"with",
"TNF-α",
"inhibitors",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"concomitant",
"immunosuppressive",
"therapy",
".",
"Transmission",
"occurs",
"via",
"airborne",
"person-to-person",
"contact",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"risk",
"factors",
"(",
"neoplasms",
",",
"especially",
"haematological",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"transplant",
"recipients",
",",
"patients",
"on",
"immunosuppressive",
"therapy",
",",
"etc",
".",
")",
"who",
"present",
"a",
"compatible",
"radiological",
"picture",
"(",
"interstitial",
"involvement",
"predominantly",
"bilateral",
"perihilar",
",",
"with",
"reticular",
"or",
"nodular",
"opacities",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"areas",
"of",
"irregular",
"consolidation",
")",
",",
"and",
"is",
"performed",
"by",
"microscopy",
"by",
"staining",
"a",
"sputum",
"sample",
"(",
"or",
"bronchioalveolar",
"lavage",
")",
".",
"Listeria",
"monocytogenes",
"is",
"mainly",
"transmitted",
"by",
"consumption",
"of",
"contaminated",
"food",
"and",
"beverages",
"or",
"close",
"contact",
"with",
"animals",
".",
"The",
"main",
"risk",
"factor",
"is",
"undoubtedly",
"the",
"immunosuppressed",
"state",
".",
"Although",
"bacteraemia",
",",
"gastrointestinal",
"or",
"central",
"nervous",
"system",
"infections",
"are",
"more",
"common",
",",
"there",
"have",
"been",
"cases",
"of",
"pulmonary",
"listeriosis",
",",
"which",
"usually",
"have",
"a",
"severe",
"prognosis",
".",
"Definitive",
"diagnosis",
"is",
"obtained",
"by",
"isolation",
"in",
"different",
"culture",
"samples",
",",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
".",
"Legionella",
"pneumophila",
"is",
"generally",
"found",
"in",
"humid",
"environments",
".",
"It",
"is",
"transmitted",
"via",
"the",
"respiratory",
"route",
"and",
"can",
"cause",
"pneumonia",
"with",
"atypical",
"characteristics",
"and",
"symptoms",
"that",
"can",
"be",
"very",
"florid",
"(",
"cough",
",",
"fever",
",",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"hyponatraemia",
",",
"renal",
"failure",
",",
"confusion",
",",
"ataxia",
",",
"etc",
".",
")",
"and",
"can",
"be",
"very",
"serious",
".",
"In",
"almost",
"100",
"%",
"of",
"cases",
"there",
"is",
"some",
"radiological",
"alteration",
"on",
"the",
"third",
"day",
".",
"The",
"most",
"common",
"pattern",
"is",
"an",
"irregular",
"unilobular",
"infiltrate",
"progressing",
"to",
"consolidation",
",",
"with",
"pleural",
"effusions",
"also",
"common",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"of",
"infection",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"clinical",
"findings",
",",
"culture",
"(",
"specificity",
"approximately",
"100",
"%",
",",
"but",
"sensitivity",
"variable",
"depending",
"on",
"sputum",
"(",
"60",
"%",
")",
",",
"blood",
"(",
"40",
"%",
")",
"or",
"lung",
"biopsy",
"(",
"90",
"%",
")",
")",
",",
"antigenuria",
"and",
"direct",
"immunofluorescence",
"visualisation",
".",
"In",
"recent",
"years",
",",
"an",
"increasing",
"number",
"of",
"cases",
"of",
"Mycoplasma",
"pneumoniae",
"infection",
"have",
"been",
"detected",
"in",
"adults",
",",
"especially",
"the",
"elderly",
".",
"Transmission",
"is",
"airborne",
"and",
"usually",
"occurs",
"epidemically",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"features",
"may",
"overlap",
"with",
"those",
"of",
"typical",
"pneumonia",
",",
"although",
"occasionally",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"characteristic",
"feature",
",",
"bullous",
"myringitis",
",",
"which",
"supports",
"the",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Diagnostic",
"methods",
"include",
"culture",
",",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"PCR",
")",
",",
"and",
"serology",
"with",
"IgM",
"and",
"IgG",
"(",
"most",
"common",
")",
".",
"Several",
"issues",
"can",
"hamper",
"management",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"time",
"it",
"takes",
"to",
"obtain",
"serology",
"results",
"and",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"complete",
"correlation",
"that",
"has",
"occurred",
"in",
"different",
"assays",
"when",
"comparing",
"PCR",
",",
"serology",
"and",
"culture",
"results",
".",
"Among",
"the",
"influenza",
"viruses",
",",
"type",
"A",
"stands",
"out",
"for",
"its",
"potential",
"severity",
"and",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"causing",
"pandemics",
".",
"Although",
"its",
"distribution",
"is",
"usually",
"seasonal",
",",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"uncommon",
"to",
"find",
"this",
"infection",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
"outside",
"the",
"typical",
"seasons",
".",
"In",
"these",
"cases",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"uncommon",
"to",
"find",
"primary",
"influenza",
"pneumonia",
"(",
"which",
"generally",
"has",
"a",
"very",
"severe",
"prognosis",
",",
"with",
"a",
"mortality",
"rate",
"of",
"around",
"80",
"%",
")",
",",
"which",
"is",
"much",
"rarer",
"in",
"the",
"general",
"population",
",",
"where",
"the",
"main",
"complication",
"is",
"bacterial",
"pneumonia",
"secondary",
"to",
"influenza",
"infection",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"can",
"be",
"made",
"by",
"culture",
",",
"serology",
",",
"or",
"through",
"rapid",
"diagnostic",
"tests",
"with",
"enzyme",
"immunoassay",
"(",
"EIA",
")",
",",
"immunofluorescence",
",",
"or",
"PCR",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"Respiratory",
"Syncytial",
"Virus",
"(",
"RSV",
")",
",",
"like",
"influenza",
",",
"often",
"causes",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"on",
"a",
"seasonal",
"basis",
".",
"Transmission",
"is",
"also",
"similar",
",",
"causing",
"an",
"initial",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"bronchiole",
"that",
"may",
"progress",
"to",
"pneumonia",
".",
"Rapid",
"diagnostic",
"methods",
"based",
"on",
"viral",
"PCR",
"are",
"available",
"that",
"detect",
"multiple",
"respiratory",
"viruses",
"simultaneously",
"and",
"rapidly",
".",
"However",
",",
"caution",
"is",
"needed",
"in",
"interpretation",
"as",
"up",
"to",
"15",
"%",
"of",
"healthy",
"people",
"harbour",
"some",
"of",
"these",
"viruses",
"in",
"the",
"respiratory",
"tract",
".",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"(",
"CMV",
")",
"is",
"a",
"major",
"cause",
"of",
"infections",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
"patients",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"transplant",
"recipients",
",",
"either",
"in",
"primary",
"or",
"reactivation",
"form",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"serology",
"(",
"presence",
"of",
"IgM",
"or",
"increased",
"IgG",
"x4",
")",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"viral",
"load",
"detection",
"by",
"PCR",
"should",
"always",
"be",
"requested",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
"where",
"vasoactive",
"agents",
"were",
"started",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
"500",
"mg",
"and",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
"grams",
".",
"Serial",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"urine",
"culture",
",",
"sputum",
"culture",
",",
"smear",
"microscopy",
"(",
"x3",
")",
"and",
"Legionella",
"and",
"pneumococcal",
"antigens",
"in",
"urine",
"were",
"requested",
".",
"In",
"the",
"first",
"12",
"hours",
"a",
"positive",
"antigenuria",
"for",
"Legionella",
"was",
"received",
"(",
"with",
"subsequent",
"confirmation",
"by",
"immunofluorescence",
"and",
"after",
"heat",
"treatment",
"of",
"the",
"urine",
")",
",",
"and",
"a",
"sputum",
"culture",
"was",
"also",
"positive",
"for",
"Legionella",
"in",
"the",
"following",
"days",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"adjusted",
",",
"maintaining",
"levofloxacin",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"and",
"replacing",
"cephalosporin",
"with",
"azithromycin",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"microbiological",
"tests",
"requested",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"torpid",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"few",
"days",
"with",
"repeated",
"desaturations",
"that",
"made",
"it",
"necessary",
"to",
"initiate",
"High",
"Flow",
"Nasal",
"Oxygen",
"Therapy",
"(",
"HFO",
")",
"without",
"requiring",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
".",
"He",
"also",
"remained",
"dependent",
"on",
"vasoactive",
"agents",
"to",
"maintain",
"a",
"MAP",
">",
"70",
"mmHg",
"and",
"presented",
"syncopal",
"symptoms",
".",
"An",
"echocardiogram",
"showed",
"a",
"mild",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"and",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"empyema",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"by",
"thoracic",
"ultrasound",
".",
"Clinically",
"he",
"remained",
"alert",
"and",
"conscious",
",",
"with",
"orthopnoea",
"and",
"tachypnoea",
".",
"Cough",
"with",
"purulent",
"expectoration",
"persisted",
"and",
"the",
"intestinal",
"symptoms",
"subsided",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"24",
"hours",
"(",
"negative",
"stool",
"culture",
"and",
"Clostridium",
"difficile",
"toxins",
")",
".",
"On",
"the",
"5th",
"day",
",",
"he",
"began",
"to",
"experience",
"progressive",
"improvement",
",",
"and",
"ONAF",
"and",
"noradrenaline",
"could",
"be",
"withdrawn",
"and",
"the",
"febrile",
"peaks",
"disappeared",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"he",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"our",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Department",
"after",
"a",
"10-day",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
"(",
"without",
"azithromycin",
",",
"which",
"was",
"maintained",
"for",
"8",
"days",
")",
",",
"where",
"he",
"continued",
"to",
"progress",
"favourably",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"from",
"hospital",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"included",
":",
"favourable",
"evolution",
"of",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"at",
"discharge",
"32",
".",
"09",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
")",
",",
"initial",
"procalcitonin",
"determination",
"of",
"5",
".",
"2",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"at",
"discharge",
"0",
".",
"79",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
")",
",",
"preserved",
"renal",
"function",
"and",
"slight",
"elevation",
"of",
"GPT",
"(",
"57",
"U",
"/",
"l",
")",
"and",
"GGT",
"(",
"67",
"U",
"/",
"l",
")",
".",
"Other",
"complementary",
"tests",
"requested",
":",
"serological",
"tests",
"for",
"Coxiella",
"burnetti",
",",
"Chlamydia",
"pneumoniae",
"and",
"Mycoplasma",
",",
"PCR",
"for",
"typing",
"Legionella",
"species",
"(",
"performed",
"in",
"Majadahonda",
",",
"serotype",
"1",
")",
"and",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"with",
"contrast",
"(",
"extensive",
"consolidations",
"in",
"LSI",
"and",
"homolateral",
"lower",
"lobe",
",",
"with",
"abundant",
"air",
"bronchogram",
",",
"slight",
"volume",
"loss",
"and",
"bibasal",
"laminar",
"atelectasis",
".",
"From",
"the",
"first",
"moment",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"both",
"anti-TNF-α",
"and",
"methotrexate",
"were",
"withdrawn",
"and",
"the",
"dose",
"of",
"prednisone",
"was",
"increased",
"(",
"30",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
")",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"continued",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"activity",
"of",
"her",
"rheumatoid",
"process",
".",
"On",
"discharge",
",",
"she",
"continued",
"treatment",
"with",
"prednisone",
"alone",
"in",
"a",
"descending",
"dosage",
"(",
"as",
"indicated",
"by",
"Rheumatology",
")",
"and",
"completed",
"treatment",
"with",
"Levofloxacin",
"for",
"a",
"further",
"6",
"days",
".",
"Currently",
",",
"treatment",
"has",
"been",
"restarted",
"with",
"methotrexate",
"(",
"5",
"mg",
"oral",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"on",
"Mondays",
")",
"and",
"prednisone",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"without",
"the",
"need",
"to",
"restart",
"anti-TNF-α",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Septic",
"shock",
"secondary",
"to",
"Legionella",
"multilobar",
"pneumonia",
"in",
"an",
"immunocompromised",
"patient",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "pneumococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 496,
"end": 508
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 169,
"end": 176
},
{
"text": "vaccinated",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 477,
"end": 487
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 522,
"end": 527
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 542,
"end": 547
},
{
"text": "influenza virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 532,
"end": 547
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 510,
"end": 527
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 532,
"end": 541
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2043,
"end": 2054
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2490,
"end": 2493
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2069,
"end": 2081
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2056,
"end": 2067
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2162,
"end": 2172
},
{
"text": "Listeria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2226,
"end": 2234
},
{
"text": "Pneumococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2177,
"end": 2189
},
{
"text": "Nocardia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2238,
"end": 2246
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis jirovecii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2086,
"end": 2108
},
{
"text": "RSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2464,
"end": 2467
},
{
"text": "respiratory syncytial virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2435,
"end": 2462
},
{
"text": "adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2384,
"end": 2394
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2133,
"end": 2142
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2473,
"end": 2488
},
{
"text": "fungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2015,
"end": 2021
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1936,
"end": 1943
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1825,
"end": 1833
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2374,
"end": 2382
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2621,
"end": 2629
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2779,
"end": 2787
},
{
"text": "parainfluenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2420,
"end": 2433
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2310,
"end": 2315
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2457,
"end": 2462
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1778,
"end": 1788
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2022,
"end": 2032
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2143,
"end": 2153
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2316,
"end": 2326
},
{
"text": "influenza (A",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2396,
"end": 2408
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2396,
"end": 2405
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3159,
"end": 3171
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3187,
"end": 3199
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3423,
"end": 3435
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus neoformans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3159,
"end": 3182
},
{
"text": "animal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3406,
"end": 3412
},
{
"text": "bird",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3365,
"end": 3369
},
{
"text": "fungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3246,
"end": 3252
},
{
"text": "fungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3799,
"end": 3805
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3284,
"end": 3292
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus gattii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3187,
"end": 3206
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3688,
"end": 3698
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4040,
"end": 4051
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus fumigatus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4040,
"end": 4061
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4002,
"end": 4010
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4270,
"end": 4278
},
{
"text": "Listeria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5208,
"end": 5216
},
{
"text": "Listeria monocytogenes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5208,
"end": 5230
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis jirovecii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4555,
"end": 4577
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4861,
"end": 4864
},
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5325,
"end": 5332
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5407,
"end": 5418
},
{
"text": "Legionella pneumophila",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5690,
"end": 5712
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6493,
"end": 6503
},
{
"text": "adults",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6547,
"end": 6553
},
{
"text": "elderly",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6570,
"end": 6577
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7368,
"end": 7376
},
{
"text": "population",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7595,
"end": 7605
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8101,
"end": 8106
},
{
"text": "Virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7870,
"end": 7875
},
{
"text": "respiratory viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8146,
"end": 8165
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7924,
"end": 7934
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7152,
"end": 7161
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7456,
"end": 7465
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7671,
"end": 7680
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7888,
"end": 7897
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8344,
"end": 8347
},
{
"text": "Cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8327,
"end": 8342
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8401,
"end": 8409
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8553,
"end": 8558
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8369,
"end": 8379
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8624,
"end": 8631
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8882,
"end": 8892
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8993,
"end": 9003
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 9152,
"end": 9162
},
{
"text": "Clostridium difficile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10004,
"end": 10025
},
{
"text": "Chlamydia pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10742,
"end": 10762
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetti",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10723,
"end": 10740
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10794,
"end": 10804
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10767,
"end": 10777
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 11175,
"end": 11182
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11630,
"end": 11640
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 11686,
"end": 11693
}
] | en |
An 88-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease and hyperlipidaemia presented to the emergency department with a 15-minute episode of transient numbness and weakness in the right arm and anomic aphasia. Vital signs at the first consultation were within normal values. Initial neurological examination was normal. The stroke protocol was activated. The cranial CT scan showed no acute manifestations. ECG showed normal sinus rhythm. Thrombolysis was postponed and the patient was admitted with a diagnosis of transient ischaemic stroke. As the patient reported mild dyspnoea with dry cough, a PCR for COVID-19 was performed and was positive. D-dimer was elevated at 3442 ng/ml (normal <880 ng/ml); other inflammatory markers were also elevated. An MRI showed an acute infarct in the left medial temporal lobe. A craniomaxillofacial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed a mild right M1 segment stenosis. No arrhythmias were detected on telemetry. The patient was treated with aspirin, statins and discharged to a rehabilitation centre with monitoring.
| [
"",
"An",
"88-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"hypertension",
",",
"chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
"and",
"hyperlipidaemia",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"a",
"15-minute",
"episode",
"of",
"transient",
"numbness",
"and",
"weakness",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"arm",
"and",
"anomic",
"aphasia",
".",
"Vital",
"signs",
"at",
"the",
"first",
"consultation",
"were",
"within",
"normal",
"values",
".",
"Initial",
"neurological",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"stroke",
"protocol",
"was",
"activated",
".",
"The",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"no",
"acute",
"manifestations",
".",
"ECG",
"showed",
"normal",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
".",
"Thrombolysis",
"was",
"postponed",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"transient",
"ischaemic",
"stroke",
".",
"As",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"mild",
"dyspnoea",
"with",
"dry",
"cough",
",",
"a",
"PCR",
"for",
"COVID-19",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"D-dimer",
"was",
"elevated",
"at",
"3442",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"normal",
"<",
"880",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
")",
";",
"other",
"inflammatory",
"markers",
"were",
"also",
"elevated",
".",
"An",
"MRI",
"showed",
"an",
"acute",
"infarct",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"medial",
"temporal",
"lobe",
".",
"A",
"craniomaxillofacial",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"angiography",
"(",
"MRA",
")",
"showed",
"a",
"mild",
"right",
"M1",
"segment",
"stenosis",
".",
"No",
"arrhythmias",
"were",
"detected",
"on",
"telemetry",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"aspirin",
",",
"statins",
"and",
"discharged",
"to",
"a",
"rehabilitation",
"centre",
"with",
"monitoring",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 16,
"end": 21
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 496,
"end": 503
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 572,
"end": 579
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 985,
"end": 992
}
] | en |
A 12-month-old girl, consanguineous parents, presented with exanthema of 1 month's evolution (macular, multiforme), progressively adding fever, asthenia, hepatosplenomegaly and pericardial effusion, together with elevated acute phase reactants and hypertransaminasemia. Vaccinated with BCG 3 months earlier, coinciding with the onset of fever, she presented with inflammatory signs at the inoculation site. HIV was ruled out and the PID study with susceptibility to intracellular germs (combined immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous and IFN-gamma defects) was normal. The BCG infection extension study was negative, indicating BCGitis. The rest of the infectious screening tests were negative and the existence of a lymphoproliferative process was ruled out. Given the persistent clinical and laboratory findings of systemic inflammatory involvement, the patient was diagnosed with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Treatment with corticosteroids (daily oral methylprednisolone and prednisolone boluses) was started, with partial improvement, so azathioprine and later anakinra were added. He developed recurrent mucocutaneous candidiasis during the following months. Given the refractory systemic symptoms and infections, a clinical exome was performed with a study of genes associated with PID. A homozygous mutation was identified in the AIRE gene, which causes autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APECED).
Results:
The most common form of debut of APECED syndrome is in the form of mucocutaneous candidiasis and hypoparathyroidism at school age. However, as in this patient, cases have been described with early-onset inflammatory and/or autoimmune symptoms as the initial manifestation.
| [
"A",
"12-month-old",
"girl",
",",
"consanguineous",
"parents",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"exanthema",
"of",
"1",
"month",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
"(",
"macular",
",",
"multiforme",
")",
",",
"progressively",
"adding",
"fever",
",",
"asthenia",
",",
"hepatosplenomegaly",
"and",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
",",
"together",
"with",
"elevated",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"and",
"hypertransaminasemia",
".",
"Vaccinated",
"with",
"BCG",
"3",
"months",
"earlier",
",",
"coinciding",
"with",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
"at",
"the",
"inoculation",
"site",
".",
"HIV",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"and",
"the",
"PID",
"study",
"with",
"susceptibility",
"to",
"intracellular",
"germs",
"(",
"combined",
"immunodeficiency",
",",
"chronic",
"granulomatous",
"and",
"IFN-gamma",
"defects",
")",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"BCG",
"infection",
"extension",
"study",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"indicating",
"BCGitis",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"infectious",
"screening",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"a",
"lymphoproliferative",
"process",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"persistent",
"clinical",
"and",
"laboratory",
"findings",
"of",
"systemic",
"inflammatory",
"involvement",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"systemic",
"juvenile",
"idiopathic",
"arthritis",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
"(",
"daily",
"oral",
"methylprednisolone",
"and",
"prednisolone",
"boluses",
")",
"was",
"started",
",",
"with",
"partial",
"improvement",
",",
"so",
"azathioprine",
"and",
"later",
"anakinra",
"were",
"added",
".",
"He",
"developed",
"recurrent",
"mucocutaneous",
"candidiasis",
"during",
"the",
"following",
"months",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"refractory",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
"and",
"infections",
",",
"a",
"clinical",
"exome",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"a",
"study",
"of",
"genes",
"associated",
"with",
"PID",
".",
"A",
"homozygous",
"mutation",
"was",
"identified",
"in",
"the",
"AIRE",
"gene",
",",
"which",
"causes",
"autoimmune",
"polyglandular",
"syndrome",
"type",
"I",
"(",
"APECED",
")",
".",
"Results",
":",
"The",
"most",
"common",
"form",
"of",
"debut",
"of",
"APECED",
"syndrome",
"is",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"mucocutaneous",
"candidiasis",
"and",
"hypoparathyroidism",
"at",
"school",
"age",
".",
"However",
",",
"as",
"in",
"this",
"patient",
",",
"cases",
"have",
"been",
"described",
"with",
"early-onset",
"inflammatory",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"autoimmune",
"symptoms",
"as",
"the",
"initial",
"manifestation",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "BCG",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 286,
"end": 289
},
{
"text": "BCG",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 575,
"end": 578
},
{
"text": "BCGitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 630,
"end": 637
},
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 407,
"end": 410
},
{
"text": "Vaccinated",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 270,
"end": 280
},
{
"text": "intracellular germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 466,
"end": 485
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 858,
"end": 865
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 36,
"end": 43
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1586,
"end": 1593
}
] | en |
A 13-year-old patient with a personal history of pollinosis. After eating salmon, she reported two episodes of choking and chest tightness which subsided after vomiting. Subsequently, lip swelling after eating trout, tolerating the rest of the fish. Allergological study: prick with a battery of aeroallergens and trophoallergens positive for grasses, olive tree, cupressus and profilin. Prick with commercial extract and prick-prick with fish: positive for trout and salmon. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) 281 U/ml, specific IgE hake, tuna and shrimp <0.35 kU/l. In vitro study: production of complete extracts by freeze-drying of fresh products from cooked/smoked salmon, salmon trout, cooked/raw emperor, pangasius and sea bass. Protein quantification by Bradford method, SDS-PAGE acrylamide gel electrophoresis, Wester Blot, Immunoblotting and Immunodetection.
Results:
After in vitro study, the patient was found to possess specific IgE that recognised bands with an apparent molecular weight between 35 and 40 kDa molecular weight, in salmonid extracts. Salmonid parvalbumin is found in a region around 10-12 kDa. A review of the literature suggests that this may correspond to a region of salmonid enolases and aldolases (40-50 kDa) responsible for recently described monosensitisations to these fish species associated with moderate to severe clinical signs.
| [
"A",
"13-year-old",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"pollinosis",
".",
"After",
"eating",
"salmon",
",",
"she",
"reported",
"two",
"episodes",
"of",
"choking",
"and",
"chest",
"tightness",
"which",
"subsided",
"after",
"vomiting",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"lip",
"swelling",
"after",
"eating",
"trout",
",",
"tolerating",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"fish",
".",
"Allergological",
"study",
":",
"prick",
"with",
"a",
"battery",
"of",
"aeroallergens",
"and",
"trophoallergens",
"positive",
"for",
"grasses",
",",
"olive",
"tree",
",",
"cupressus",
"and",
"profilin",
".",
"Prick",
"with",
"commercial",
"extract",
"and",
"prick-prick",
"with",
"fish",
":",
"positive",
"for",
"trout",
"and",
"salmon",
".",
"Total",
"immunoglobulin",
"E",
"(",
"IgE",
")",
"281",
"U",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"specific",
"IgE",
"hake",
",",
"tuna",
"and",
"shrimp",
"<",
"0",
".",
"35",
"kU",
"/",
"l",
".",
"In",
"vitro",
"study",
":",
"production",
"of",
"complete",
"extracts",
"by",
"freeze-drying",
"of",
"fresh",
"products",
"from",
"cooked",
"/",
"smoked",
"salmon",
",",
"salmon",
"trout",
",",
"cooked",
"/",
"raw",
"emperor",
",",
"pangasius",
"and",
"sea",
"bass",
".",
"Protein",
"quantification",
"by",
"Bradford",
"method",
",",
"SDS-PAGE",
"acrylamide",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
",",
"Wester",
"Blot",
",",
"Immunoblotting",
"and",
"Immunodetection",
".",
"Results",
":",
"After",
"in",
"vitro",
"study",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"possess",
"specific",
"IgE",
"that",
"recognised",
"bands",
"with",
"an",
"apparent",
"molecular",
"weight",
"between",
"35",
"and",
"40",
"kDa",
"molecular",
"weight",
",",
"in",
"salmonid",
"extracts",
".",
"Salmonid",
"parvalbumin",
"is",
"found",
"in",
"a",
"region",
"around",
"10-12",
"kDa",
".",
"A",
"review",
"of",
"the",
"literature",
"suggests",
"that",
"this",
"may",
"correspond",
"to",
"a",
"region",
"of",
"salmonid",
"enolases",
"and",
"aldolases",
"(",
"40-50",
"kDa",
")",
"responsible",
"for",
"recently",
"described",
"monosensitisations",
"to",
"these",
"fish",
"species",
"associated",
"with",
"moderate",
"to",
"severe",
"clinical",
"signs",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 21
},
{
"text": "olive tree",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 352,
"end": 362
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 29,
"end": 37
},
{
"text": "fish",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 244,
"end": 248
},
{
"text": "fish",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 439,
"end": 443
},
{
"text": "trout",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 210,
"end": 215
},
{
"text": "trout",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 458,
"end": 463
},
{
"text": "trout",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 679,
"end": 684
},
{
"text": "salmon trout",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 672,
"end": 684
},
{
"text": "salmon",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 74,
"end": 80
},
{
"text": "salmon",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 468,
"end": 474
},
{
"text": "salmon",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 664,
"end": 670
},
{
"text": "salmon",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 672,
"end": 678
},
{
"text": "cupressus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 364,
"end": 373
},
{
"text": "hake",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 528,
"end": 532
},
{
"text": "tuna",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 534,
"end": 538
},
{
"text": "shrimp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 543,
"end": 549
},
{
"text": "emperor",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 697,
"end": 704
},
{
"text": "pangasius",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 706,
"end": 715
},
{
"text": "sea bass",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 720,
"end": 728
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 899,
"end": 906
},
{
"text": "fish species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1302,
"end": 1314
},
{
"text": "fish",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1302,
"end": 1306
},
{
"text": "salmonid",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1040,
"end": 1048
},
{
"text": "Salmonid",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1059,
"end": 1067
},
{
"text": "salmonid",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1195,
"end": 1203
}
] | en |
A 9-year-old boy with pharyngitis for 7 days, and high fever and arthralgias in the 48 hours prior to admission. After 12 hours on the ward, he was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in a dazed state, with punctate petechial rash predominantly in the root of the limbs, poor peripheral perfusion, hypotension, tachycardia, increased work of breathing, desaturation and oligoanuria. Complementary examinations revealed leukopenia (3,600/mm3), plateletopenia (22. 000/mm3), C-reactive protein (11.96 mg/dl), Na+: 131 mEq/l, creatinine: 2.35 mg/dl, in anuria; coagulopathy with activated partial thromboplastin time: 58 sec (control: 30 sec), prothrombin time: 31 sec (control: 11 sec), Quick's index: 20%, fibrinogen: 269 mg/dl; antithrombin-III activity: 30%; liver dysfunction (aspartate aminotransferase: 306 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase: 184 IU/l, total bilirubin: 9 mg/dl, direct bilirubin: 6 mg/dl), metabolic acidosis (pH: 7.19, HCO3-: 16 mEq/l; EB: -10 mEq/l; lactate: 13 ng/dl and chest X-ray with bilateral alveolo-interstitial involvement.
Expansion, administration of sodium bicarbonate, antibiotics (cefotaxime and teicoplanin) and catecholamine perfusion (dopamine 5 μg/kg/min and noradrenaline up to 8 μg/kg/min) were started. Intubation and connection to mechanical ventilation was required due to worsening gas exchange with high respiratory support. Continuous venovenous haemofiltration was started due to renal failure and blood volume overload.
The evolution was unfavourable towards refractory multiple organ failure (MOF), producing asystole and cardiorespiratory arrest, with exsitus 12 hours after admission.
S. pyogenes serotype M1T1 was isolated in blood culture and bronchial aspirate.
| [
"A",
"9-year-old",
"boy",
"with",
"pharyngitis",
"for",
"7",
"days",
",",
"and",
"high",
"fever",
"and",
"arthralgias",
"in",
"the",
"48",
"hours",
"prior",
"to",
"admission",
".",
"After",
"12",
"hours",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
",",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
"(",
"ICU",
")",
"in",
"a",
"dazed",
"state",
",",
"with",
"punctate",
"petechial",
"rash",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"root",
"of",
"the",
"limbs",
",",
"poor",
"peripheral",
"perfusion",
",",
"hypotension",
",",
"tachycardia",
",",
"increased",
"work",
"of",
"breathing",
",",
"desaturation",
"and",
"oligoanuria",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"revealed",
"leukopenia",
"(",
"3",
",",
"600",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
",",
"plateletopenia",
"(",
"22",
".",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"11",
".",
"96",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
",",
"Na",
"+",
":",
"131",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"creatinine",
":",
"2",
".",
"35",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"in",
"anuria",
";",
"coagulopathy",
"with",
"activated",
"partial",
"thromboplastin",
"time",
":",
"58",
"sec",
"(",
"control",
":",
"30",
"sec",
")",
",",
"prothrombin",
"time",
":",
"31",
"sec",
"(",
"control",
":",
"11",
"sec",
")",
",",
"Quick",
"'",
"s",
"index",
":",
"20",
"%",
",",
"fibrinogen",
":",
"269",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"antithrombin-III",
"activity",
":",
"30",
"%",
";",
"liver",
"dysfunction",
"(",
"aspartate",
"aminotransferase",
":",
"306",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"alanine",
"aminotransferase",
":",
"184",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"total",
"bilirubin",
":",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"direct",
"bilirubin",
":",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
",",
"metabolic",
"acidosis",
"(",
"pH",
":",
"7",
".",
"19",
",",
"HCO3",
"-",
":",
"16",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
";",
"EB",
":",
"-",
"10",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
";",
"lactate",
":",
"13",
"ng",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"with",
"bilateral",
"alveolo-interstitial",
"involvement",
".",
"Expansion",
",",
"administration",
"of",
"sodium",
"bicarbonate",
",",
"antibiotics",
"(",
"cefotaxime",
"and",
"teicoplanin",
")",
"and",
"catecholamine",
"perfusion",
"(",
"dopamine",
"5",
"μg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"min",
"and",
"noradrenaline",
"up",
"to",
"8",
"μg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"min",
")",
"were",
"started",
".",
"Intubation",
"and",
"connection",
"to",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
"was",
"required",
"due",
"to",
"worsening",
"gas",
"exchange",
"with",
"high",
"respiratory",
"support",
".",
"Continuous",
"venovenous",
"haemofiltration",
"was",
"started",
"due",
"to",
"renal",
"failure",
"and",
"blood",
"volume",
"overload",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"unfavourable",
"towards",
"refractory",
"multiple",
"organ",
"failure",
"(",
"MOF",
")",
",",
"producing",
"asystole",
"and",
"cardiorespiratory",
"arrest",
",",
"with",
"exsitus",
"12",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
".",
"S",
".",
"pyogenes",
"serotype",
"M1T1",
"was",
"isolated",
"in",
"blood",
"culture",
"and",
"bronchial",
"aspirate",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [] | en |
Clinical history
A 35-year-old woman, with no personal history of interest, consulted for the appearance of a skin lesion on the abdomen that had been present for 8 months. The lesion was asymptomatic and had not changed.
Physical examination
Erythematous papule with a whitish halo, 1 × 0.5 cm in diameter, located on the left abdomen.
Histopathology
The biopsy showed a dermal proliferation of small, uniform, branching, branching, collapsed-looking vessels with scant lumina and prominent endothelial cells. No cytological atypia or mitosis figures were observed. Immunohistochemistry for herpes virus type 8 was negative.
Additional tests
Dermoscopy revealed a diffuse central erythema with desquamation and delicate pigmented reticulum in the periphery.
Diagnosis
Microvenular haemangioma.
Evolution and treatment
The lesion was completely excised by excision-biopsy at the first visit and no further treatment was required.
| [
"Clinical",
"history",
"A",
"35-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"consulted",
"for",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"a",
"skin",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"abdomen",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"present",
"for",
"8",
"months",
".",
"The",
"lesion",
"was",
"asymptomatic",
"and",
"had",
"not",
"changed",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Erythematous",
"papule",
"with",
"a",
"whitish",
"halo",
",",
"1",
"×",
"0",
".",
"5",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
",",
"located",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"abdomen",
".",
"Histopathology",
"The",
"biopsy",
"showed",
"a",
"dermal",
"proliferation",
"of",
"small",
",",
"uniform",
",",
"branching",
",",
"branching",
",",
"collapsed-looking",
"vessels",
"with",
"scant",
"lumina",
"and",
"prominent",
"endothelial",
"cells",
".",
"No",
"cytological",
"atypia",
"or",
"mitosis",
"figures",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"for",
"herpes",
"virus",
"type",
"8",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Additional",
"tests",
"Dermoscopy",
"revealed",
"a",
"diffuse",
"central",
"erythema",
"with",
"desquamation",
"and",
"delicate",
"pigmented",
"reticulum",
"in",
"the",
"periphery",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Microvenular",
"haemangioma",
".",
"Evolution",
"and",
"treatment",
"The",
"lesion",
"was",
"completely",
"excised",
"by",
"excision-biopsy",
"at",
"the",
"first",
"visit",
"and",
"no",
"further",
"treatment",
"was",
"required",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 31,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 46,
"end": 54
},
{
"text": "herpes virus type 8",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 594,
"end": 613
}
] | en |
A 51 year old male patient with a history of Takayasu's vasculitis and analytical criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome on treatment with prednisone 5 mg/day and azathioprine 150 mg/day was admitted to our hospital for left lumbosciatica refractory to medical treatment secondary to a herniated disc L5-S1, deciding on intervention by Traumatology which performed a left L5 hemilaminectomy with foraminotomy S1 and discectomy L5-S1.
Seventy-two hours after surgery, the patient began to experience severe pain and swelling of the left lower limb distal to the knee, and pretibial skin lesions of a purplish colour and some isolated lesions of an ecchymotic appearance were observed. The picture extended to the contralateral leg where he also developed purpuric lesions with no traumatic antecedent that evolved into necrotic plaques and phlyctenas. At the same time the patient started with a sero-bloody exudate at the level of the surgical wound as well as a progressive deterioration of the general condition with hypotension (90/60 mmHg), oliguria and analytical deterioration with acute renal insufficiency (creatinine 1. 7 mg/dl), plateletopenia (70,000 platelets/mm3), anaemia (haemoglobin 10 mg/dl), coagulopathy and elevated acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein 244 mg/L and procalcitonin 11.81 ng/ml). An assessment by Vascular Surgery was requested, blood cultures and cultures of the surgical wound were performed and coverage with broad-spectrum antibiotherapy with cefepime and linezolid was started 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, with the decision to increase coverage to imipenem and linezolid 24 hours after the start of treatment due to the poor evolution of the symptoms. A Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) was detected in aspirates from the skin lesion and the surgical wound.
Differential diagnosis
The patient's general condition deteriorated with a recent lumbar operation and an increase in size of the lower limbs together with ecchymotic, purpuric lesions with necrotic areas. Given these findings, we considered two possible origins, one infectious and the other autoimmune. The patient presented in the context of autoimmunity with vasculitis of large vessels (Takayasu). In view of the deterioration of the general condition, the analytical alterations (anaemia, thrombopenia, coagulopathy, renal failure) and the purpuric lesions, the presence of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and small vessel vasculitic involvement (hypersensitivity vasculitis or microscopic polyangiitis) should be ruled out.
The presence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) should also be ruled out as the patient presents with analytical criteria of an antiphospholipid syndrome. Alternatively, an infectious origin of the condition should be considered, in which case it could be severe sepsis with multi-organ failure secondary to infection of the surgical wound, with exudate in which GNB is detected, and the lesions in the lower limbs could be caused by distant soft tissue involvement.
Evolution
The patient's clinical evolution was torpid, requiring urgent surgical cleaning of the lumbar wound 72 hours after the onset of symptoms and subsequent admission to the ICU with the need for haemodynamic support. He was assessed by Vascular Surgery who ruled out the presence of DVT, the presence of haemolysis was ruled out analytically (normal haptoglobin, negative coombs test and smear without schistocytes) and all cultures (blood cultures, culture of the surgical wound and of the phlyctenas of the left lower limb) grew multisensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With targeted antibiotic treatment and the remaining measures, the patient showed a clear improvement with resolution of the systemic symptoms and disappearance of the exudate from the surgical wound and the lesions on the right lower limb. However, after his return to the Infectious Diseases ward, the lesions on the left leg increased in size with extensive areas of necrosis and repeated positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the same resistance profile. After more than 15 days of targeted antibiotic treatment with no substantial change in the leg lesions, it was decided to perform an intensive surgical debridement of the lesions exposing extensive loss of substance, requiring two further debridements in the operating theatre. In view of the loss of substance and the insufficient response to treatment on the ward, it was decided to start closed vacuum therapy (VAC therapy) for all lesions. After two weeks of VAC therapy and continued targeted antibiotic therapy, wound cultures were negative and abundant granulation tissue appeared. Finally, the patient was assessed by the Plastic Surgery Department of the referral hospital and, after three months of hospitalisation, the patient was transferred for skin autografting, with a good subsequent outcome.
Final diagnosis
1. Severe sepsis with multiple organ failure secondary to early infection of the surgical wound by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an immunosuppressed patient.
2. Necrotising fasciitis in the left lower limb due to metastatic implantation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
| [
"A",
"51",
"year",
"old",
"male",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"Takayasu",
"'",
"s",
"vasculitis",
"and",
"analytical",
"criteria",
"for",
"antiphospholipid",
"syndrome",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"prednisone",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
"and",
"azathioprine",
"150",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"our",
"hospital",
"for",
"left",
"lumbosciatica",
"refractory",
"to",
"medical",
"treatment",
"secondary",
"to",
"a",
"herniated",
"disc",
"L5-S1",
",",
"deciding",
"on",
"intervention",
"by",
"Traumatology",
"which",
"performed",
"a",
"left",
"L5",
"hemilaminectomy",
"with",
"foraminotomy",
"S1",
"and",
"discectomy",
"L5-S1",
".",
"Seventy-two",
"hours",
"after",
"surgery",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"to",
"experience",
"severe",
"pain",
"and",
"swelling",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"limb",
"distal",
"to",
"the",
"knee",
",",
"and",
"pretibial",
"skin",
"lesions",
"of",
"a",
"purplish",
"colour",
"and",
"some",
"isolated",
"lesions",
"of",
"an",
"ecchymotic",
"appearance",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"The",
"picture",
"extended",
"to",
"the",
"contralateral",
"leg",
"where",
"he",
"also",
"developed",
"purpuric",
"lesions",
"with",
"no",
"traumatic",
"antecedent",
"that",
"evolved",
"into",
"necrotic",
"plaques",
"and",
"phlyctenas",
".",
"At",
"the",
"same",
"time",
"the",
"patient",
"started",
"with",
"a",
"sero-bloody",
"exudate",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"progressive",
"deterioration",
"of",
"the",
"general",
"condition",
"with",
"hypotension",
"(",
"90",
"/",
"60",
"mmHg",
")",
",",
"oliguria",
"and",
"analytical",
"deterioration",
"with",
"acute",
"renal",
"insufficiency",
"(",
"creatinine",
"1",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
",",
"plateletopenia",
"(",
"70",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
",",
"anaemia",
"(",
"haemoglobin",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
",",
"coagulopathy",
"and",
"elevated",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"(",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"244",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
"11",
".",
"81",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
")",
".",
"An",
"assessment",
"by",
"Vascular",
"Surgery",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"cultures",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
"were",
"performed",
"and",
"coverage",
"with",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotherapy",
"with",
"cefepime",
"and",
"linezolid",
"was",
"started",
"24",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"the",
"decision",
"to",
"increase",
"coverage",
"to",
"imipenem",
"and",
"linezolid",
"24",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"treatment",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"poor",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
".",
"A",
"Gram-negative",
"bacillus",
"(",
"GNB",
")",
"was",
"detected",
"in",
"aspirates",
"from",
"the",
"skin",
"lesion",
"and",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"general",
"condition",
"deteriorated",
"with",
"a",
"recent",
"lumbar",
"operation",
"and",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
"together",
"with",
"ecchymotic",
",",
"purpuric",
"lesions",
"with",
"necrotic",
"areas",
".",
"Given",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"we",
"considered",
"two",
"possible",
"origins",
",",
"one",
"infectious",
"and",
"the",
"other",
"autoimmune",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"presented",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"autoimmunity",
"with",
"vasculitis",
"of",
"large",
"vessels",
"(",
"Takayasu",
")",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"deterioration",
"of",
"the",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"the",
"analytical",
"alterations",
"(",
"anaemia",
",",
"thrombopenia",
",",
"coagulopathy",
",",
"renal",
"failure",
")",
"and",
"the",
"purpuric",
"lesions",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"haemolytic-uraemic",
"syndrome",
"(",
"HUS",
")",
"or",
"thrombotic",
"thrombocytopenic",
"purpura",
"(",
"TTP",
")",
"and",
"small",
"vessel",
"vasculitic",
"involvement",
"(",
"hypersensitivity",
"vasculitis",
"or",
"microscopic",
"polyangiitis",
")",
"should",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
".",
"The",
"presence",
"of",
"deep",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
"(",
"DVT",
")",
"should",
"also",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"as",
"the",
"patient",
"presents",
"with",
"analytical",
"criteria",
"of",
"an",
"antiphospholipid",
"syndrome",
".",
"Alternatively",
",",
"an",
"infectious",
"origin",
"of",
"the",
"condition",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
",",
"in",
"which",
"case",
"it",
"could",
"be",
"severe",
"sepsis",
"with",
"multi-organ",
"failure",
"secondary",
"to",
"infection",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
",",
"with",
"exudate",
"in",
"which",
"GNB",
"is",
"detected",
",",
"and",
"the",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
"could",
"be",
"caused",
"by",
"distant",
"soft",
"tissue",
"involvement",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"was",
"torpid",
",",
"requiring",
"urgent",
"surgical",
"cleaning",
"of",
"the",
"lumbar",
"wound",
"72",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"symptoms",
"and",
"subsequent",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"with",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"haemodynamic",
"support",
".",
"He",
"was",
"assessed",
"by",
"Vascular",
"Surgery",
"who",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"DVT",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"haemolysis",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"analytically",
"(",
"normal",
"haptoglobin",
",",
"negative",
"coombs",
"test",
"and",
"smear",
"without",
"schistocytes",
")",
"and",
"all",
"cultures",
"(",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"culture",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
"and",
"of",
"the",
"phlyctenas",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"limb",
")",
"grew",
"multisensitive",
"Pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
".",
"With",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"and",
"the",
"remaining",
"measures",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"showed",
"a",
"clear",
"improvement",
"with",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
"and",
"disappearance",
"of",
"the",
"exudate",
"from",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
"and",
"the",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
".",
"However",
",",
"after",
"his",
"return",
"to",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"ward",
",",
"the",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"leg",
"increased",
"in",
"size",
"with",
"extensive",
"areas",
"of",
"necrosis",
"and",
"repeated",
"positive",
"cultures",
"for",
"Pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"with",
"the",
"same",
"resistance",
"profile",
".",
"After",
"more",
"than",
"15",
"days",
"of",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"no",
"substantial",
"change",
"in",
"the",
"leg",
"lesions",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"an",
"intensive",
"surgical",
"debridement",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
"exposing",
"extensive",
"loss",
"of",
"substance",
",",
"requiring",
"two",
"further",
"debridements",
"in",
"the",
"operating",
"theatre",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"loss",
"of",
"substance",
"and",
"the",
"insufficient",
"response",
"to",
"treatment",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"closed",
"vacuum",
"therapy",
"(",
"VAC",
"therapy",
")",
"for",
"all",
"lesions",
".",
"After",
"two",
"weeks",
"of",
"VAC",
"therapy",
"and",
"continued",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
",",
"wound",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"abundant",
"granulation",
"tissue",
"appeared",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"assessed",
"by",
"the",
"Plastic",
"Surgery",
"Department",
"of",
"the",
"referral",
"hospital",
"and",
",",
"after",
"three",
"months",
"of",
"hospitalisation",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"for",
"skin",
"autografting",
",",
"with",
"a",
"good",
"subsequent",
"outcome",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"1",
".",
"Severe",
"sepsis",
"with",
"multiple",
"organ",
"failure",
"secondary",
"to",
"early",
"infection",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
"by",
"Pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"in",
"an",
"immunosuppressed",
"patient",
".",
"2",
".",
"Necrotising",
"fasciitis",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"limb",
"due",
"to",
"metastatic",
"implantation",
"of",
"Pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 471,
"end": 478
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 872,
"end": 879
},
{
"text": "Gram-negative bacillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1707,
"end": 1729
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1835,
"end": 1842
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2117,
"end": 2124
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2661,
"end": 2668
},
{
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3601,
"end": 3623
},
{
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4039,
"end": 4061
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3063,
"end": 3070
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3692,
"end": 3699
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4698,
"end": 4705
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4826,
"end": 4833
},
{
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5021,
"end": 5043
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5067,
"end": 5074
},
{
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5158,
"end": 5180
}
] | en |
A 75-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a referral for MAP. Ten days earlier she had started with pain and increased volume in the right parotid region. An ultrasound was performed and showed dilatation of the ducts and lithiasis inside the ducts. 48 hours later, she presented a worsening and oral ATB was prescribed without improvement and she was referred to the emergency department.
Physical examination showed: Right cervical bulge in area II-III of 6cm under tension. The overlying skin was erythematous and warm, with subcutaneous nodules of whitish content (impression of purulent material close to fistulisation). In the oral cavity and oropharynx: no significant alterations were observed, together with fibrolaryngoscopy with no significant alterations. In view of this examination, an urgent cervical CT scan was performed, which revealed a hypodense collection with thickened, irregular and hyperemic walls in the right lateral cervical space, located lateral to the angle of the mandible and superficial to the carotid and sternocleidomastoid spaces, measuring approximately 40 x 28 x 50 mm. It is associated with thickening of the skin and superficial fascial planes, as well as involvement of the fat of the subcutaneous cellular tissue, compatible with locoregional inflammatory changes. It is accompanied by ipsilateral laterocervical nodes with a reactive appearance in stations IIA and IIb. The findings described are compatible with a brachial cyst of the second arch complicated by an inflammatory-infectious process, without being able to rule out an underlying malignant process. Given this diagnosis, it was decided to admit the patient to hospital for intravenous ATB treatment and monitoring of the cervical collection.
At the beginning of admission, the collection began to fistulise and drain spontaneously, which was helped by drainage under local anaesthesia with abundant purulent material coming out, which was sent to microbiology. The microbiology results showed growth of Eikenella corrodens sensitive to penicillin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, levofloxacin and clindamycin, among other ATBs. The patient had been on ceftriaxone and vancomycin since admission. She progressed favourably and was discharged from hospital 8 days after admission. Subsequently, she attended several outpatient treatments and one month after discharge, in consultations, a complete improvement was observed with a completely healed drainage wound. A follow-up ultrasound was requested and performed 2 months after admission, where no significant alterations were visualised.
| [
"A",
"75-year-old",
"woman",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"a",
"referral",
"for",
"MAP",
".",
"Ten",
"days",
"earlier",
"she",
"had",
"started",
"with",
"pain",
"and",
"increased",
"volume",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"parotid",
"region",
".",
"An",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"showed",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"ducts",
"and",
"lithiasis",
"inside",
"the",
"ducts",
".",
"48",
"hours",
"later",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"a",
"worsening",
"and",
"oral",
"ATB",
"was",
"prescribed",
"without",
"improvement",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"showed",
":",
"Right",
"cervical",
"bulge",
"in",
"area",
"II-III",
"of",
"6cm",
"under",
"tension",
".",
"The",
"overlying",
"skin",
"was",
"erythematous",
"and",
"warm",
",",
"with",
"subcutaneous",
"nodules",
"of",
"whitish",
"content",
"(",
"impression",
"of",
"purulent",
"material",
"close",
"to",
"fistulisation",
")",
".",
"In",
"the",
"oral",
"cavity",
"and",
"oropharynx",
":",
"no",
"significant",
"alterations",
"were",
"observed",
",",
"together",
"with",
"fibrolaryngoscopy",
"with",
"no",
"significant",
"alterations",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"this",
"examination",
",",
"an",
"urgent",
"cervical",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"a",
"hypodense",
"collection",
"with",
"thickened",
",",
"irregular",
"and",
"hyperemic",
"walls",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"lateral",
"cervical",
"space",
",",
"located",
"lateral",
"to",
"the",
"angle",
"of",
"the",
"mandible",
"and",
"superficial",
"to",
"the",
"carotid",
"and",
"sternocleidomastoid",
"spaces",
",",
"measuring",
"approximately",
"40",
"x",
"28",
"x",
"50",
"mm",
".",
"It",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"skin",
"and",
"superficial",
"fascial",
"planes",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"fat",
"of",
"the",
"subcutaneous",
"cellular",
"tissue",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"locoregional",
"inflammatory",
"changes",
".",
"It",
"is",
"accompanied",
"by",
"ipsilateral",
"laterocervical",
"nodes",
"with",
"a",
"reactive",
"appearance",
"in",
"stations",
"IIA",
"and",
"IIb",
".",
"The",
"findings",
"described",
"are",
"compatible",
"with",
"a",
"brachial",
"cyst",
"of",
"the",
"second",
"arch",
"complicated",
"by",
"an",
"inflammatory-infectious",
"process",
",",
"without",
"being",
"able",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"an",
"underlying",
"malignant",
"process",
".",
"Given",
"this",
"diagnosis",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"hospital",
"for",
"intravenous",
"ATB",
"treatment",
"and",
"monitoring",
"of",
"the",
"cervical",
"collection",
".",
"At",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"collection",
"began",
"to",
"fistulise",
"and",
"drain",
"spontaneously",
",",
"which",
"was",
"helped",
"by",
"drainage",
"under",
"local",
"anaesthesia",
"with",
"abundant",
"purulent",
"material",
"coming",
"out",
",",
"which",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"microbiology",
".",
"The",
"microbiology",
"results",
"showed",
"growth",
"of",
"Eikenella",
"corrodens",
"sensitive",
"to",
"penicillin",
",",
"cefotaxime",
",",
"vancomycin",
",",
"levofloxacin",
"and",
"clindamycin",
",",
"among",
"other",
"ATBs",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"been",
"on",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"vancomycin",
"since",
"admission",
".",
"She",
"progressed",
"favourably",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"from",
"hospital",
"8",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"she",
"attended",
"several",
"outpatient",
"treatments",
"and",
"one",
"month",
"after",
"discharge",
",",
"in",
"consultations",
",",
"a",
"complete",
"improvement",
"was",
"observed",
"with",
"a",
"completely",
"healed",
"drainage",
"wound",
".",
"A",
"follow-up",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"requested",
"and",
"performed",
"2",
"months",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"where",
"no",
"significant",
"alterations",
"were",
"visualised",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "MAP",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 78,
"end": 81
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1679,
"end": 1686
},
{
"text": "Eikenella corrodens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2034,
"end": 2053
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2155,
"end": 2162
}
] | en |
7 year old boy
- AP:
- Frequent episodic asthma, without sensitisation to pneumoallergens.
- Occasional treatment with budesonide (the family discontinues on their own).
- He came on 16 January with cough for the last two months:
- Predominantly at night and with exertion.
- Daily use of salbutamol (BAC).
- Occasional febrile fever.
Physical examination:
- No signs of respiratory distress.
- Ctes: FR25;FC87;SatO299%.
- AP: Bilateral wheezing.
- Plan: Budesonide 800 mcg/day.
- New control in 15 days:
- Improvement, but persistent.
- PA: Expiratory wheezing and bibasal inspiratory crackles.
- Blood count, biochemistry, serology for atypical bacteria and repeat pneumoallergen rast was requested.
- Chest: Normal.
- Treatment was indicated with:
- Long-acting bronchodilator (BAL)+fluticasone.
- Josamycin 8 days (40 mg/kg/day).
Clinical manifestations: Low cough, afebrile.
- Examination: No wheezing. Bladder murmur preserved.
- Normal haemogram and biochemistry.
- CRP: 0.1
- Rast negative to usual pneumoallergens: mites, grasses, weeds, trees, fungi, animal epithelium.
- Serology:
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM doubtful, IgG negative.
- Chlamyidia pneumoniae: weak IgM +, IgG +
Diagnosis
C pneumoniae
Second follow-up visit
- Occasional cough. Afebrile.
- Treatment with BAL+Fluticasone is maintained.
- BAC on demand.
- Assessment in one month.
Two weeks later:
- Cough + wheezing at the bases + low-grade fever.
- Repeat chest X-ray at the emergency department: normal.
- Check-up in consultation two days later:
- Continued dry and persistent cough.
- Predominantly at night and on slight exertion.
- Examination: Scattered wheezing.
- After nebulisation with CABG: vesicular murmur preserved with disappearance of wheezing.
- Plan:
- Re-evaluation of inhalation technique.
- Inhaler administration is optimised.
- Appointment for follow-up in two weeks
- If episodes continue:
- Progress asthma treatment?
- Re-treat with AB?
- Clarithromycin for 2 weeks?
- Azithromycin 5 days?
| [
"7",
"year",
"old",
"boy",
"-",
"AP",
":",
"-",
"Frequent",
"episodic",
"asthma",
",",
"without",
"sensitisation",
"to",
"pneumoallergens",
".",
"-",
"Occasional",
"treatment",
"with",
"budesonide",
"(",
"the",
"family",
"discontinues",
"on",
"their",
"own",
")",
".",
"-",
"He",
"came",
"on",
"16",
"January",
"with",
"cough",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"two",
"months",
":",
"-",
"Predominantly",
"at",
"night",
"and",
"with",
"exertion",
".",
"-",
"Daily",
"use",
"of",
"salbutamol",
"(",
"BAC",
")",
".",
"-",
"Occasional",
"febrile",
"fever",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
":",
"-",
"No",
"signs",
"of",
"respiratory",
"distress",
".",
"-",
"Ctes",
":",
"FR25",
";",
"FC87",
";",
"SatO299",
"%",
".",
"-",
"AP",
":",
"Bilateral",
"wheezing",
".",
"-",
"Plan",
":",
"Budesonide",
"800",
"mcg",
"/",
"day",
".",
"-",
"New",
"control",
"in",
"15",
"days",
":",
"-",
"Improvement",
",",
"but",
"persistent",
".",
"-",
"PA",
":",
"Expiratory",
"wheezing",
"and",
"bibasal",
"inspiratory",
"crackles",
".",
"-",
"Blood",
"count",
",",
"biochemistry",
",",
"serology",
"for",
"atypical",
"bacteria",
"and",
"repeat",
"pneumoallergen",
"rast",
"was",
"requested",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
":",
"Normal",
".",
"-",
"Treatment",
"was",
"indicated",
"with",
":",
"-",
"Long-acting",
"bronchodilator",
"(",
"BAL",
")",
"+",
"fluticasone",
".",
"-",
"Josamycin",
"8",
"days",
"(",
"40",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
")",
".",
"Clinical",
"manifestations",
":",
"Low",
"cough",
",",
"afebrile",
".",
"-",
"Examination",
":",
"No",
"wheezing",
".",
"Bladder",
"murmur",
"preserved",
".",
"-",
"Normal",
"haemogram",
"and",
"biochemistry",
".",
"-",
"CRP",
":",
"0",
".",
"1",
"-",
"Rast",
"negative",
"to",
"usual",
"pneumoallergens",
":",
"mites",
",",
"grasses",
",",
"weeds",
",",
"trees",
",",
"fungi",
",",
"animal",
"epithelium",
".",
"-",
"Serology",
":",
"-",
"Mycoplasma",
"pneumoniae",
"IgM",
"doubtful",
",",
"IgG",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Chlamyidia",
"pneumoniae",
":",
"weak",
"IgM",
"+",
",",
"IgG",
"+",
"Diagnosis",
"C",
"pneumoniae",
"Second",
"follow-up",
"visit",
"-",
"Occasional",
"cough",
".",
"Afebrile",
".",
"-",
"Treatment",
"with",
"BAL",
"+",
"Fluticasone",
"is",
"maintained",
".",
"-",
"BAC",
"on",
"demand",
".",
"-",
"Assessment",
"in",
"one",
"month",
".",
"Two",
"weeks",
"later",
":",
"-",
"Cough",
"+",
"wheezing",
"at",
"the",
"bases",
"+",
"low-grade",
"fever",
".",
"-",
"Repeat",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"at",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Check-up",
"in",
"consultation",
"two",
"days",
"later",
":",
"-",
"Continued",
"dry",
"and",
"persistent",
"cough",
".",
"-",
"Predominantly",
"at",
"night",
"and",
"on",
"slight",
"exertion",
".",
"-",
"Examination",
":",
"Scattered",
"wheezing",
".",
"-",
"After",
"nebulisation",
"with",
"CABG",
":",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
"preserved",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"wheezing",
".",
"-",
"Plan",
":",
"-",
"Re-evaluation",
"of",
"inhalation",
"technique",
".",
"-",
"Inhaler",
"administration",
"is",
"optimised",
".",
"-",
"Appointment",
"for",
"follow-up",
"in",
"two",
"weeks",
"-",
"If",
"episodes",
"continue",
":",
"-",
"Progress",
"asthma",
"treatment",
"?",
"-",
"Re-treat",
"with",
"AB",
"?",
"-",
"Clarithromycin",
"for",
"2",
"weeks",
"?",
"-",
"Azithromycin",
"5",
"days",
"?"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 135,
"end": 141
},
{
"text": "atypical bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 641,
"end": 658
},
{
"text": "animal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1065,
"end": 1071
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1058,
"end": 1063
},
{
"text": "weeds",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1044,
"end": 1049
},
{
"text": "mites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1028,
"end": 1033
},
{
"text": "trees",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1051,
"end": 1056
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1098,
"end": 1119
},
{
"text": "Chlamyidia pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1150,
"end": 1171
},
{
"text": "C pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1202,
"end": 1214
}
] | en |
A 72-year-old man with a personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for twelve years, on treatment with one tablet of metformin 850 mg daily, mild plaque psoriasis, ex-smoker for about 15 years with no other toxic habits and with a confirmed allergy to streptomycin. Native of Colombia, retired, worked as a farmer in Colombia and England, and later worked in the pharmaceutical industry in England. Since 2014 retired and settled in Dúrcal (Granada), spending most of his time travelling around different countries, having visited Thailand, South Africa and Colombia in the last year. In the last three months, he travelled through Central America from Colombia to the USA, staying for a few weeks in New York where he visited rural and forest areas, returning later to Spain. He denied any bites of any kind, although some of his fellow travellers in New York had suffered tick bites. He reported sporadic unprotected heterosexual intercourse during his travels. In addition, he reported going to an outdoor hot springs area in the area near his municipality in Granada in the days after returning from his last trip. He had not received any vaccinations or chemoprophylaxis prior to any of his trips.
Five days after returning to Spain from New York, she began with a pseudo-flu-like illness with non-thermometric fever, intense asthenia and generalised arthromyalgia of at least a week's duration, initially of a fluctuating nature, without affecting her daily life. In the 48 hours prior to consulting the ED, she presented a fever peak of 39oC with profuse sweating and shivering, accompanied by general malaise and pleuritic pain in the left submammary region, with progressive prostration, which was the reason for which she finally consulted the ED. In recent weeks, she also reported anorexia and unquantified weight loss. In the anamnesis by organs and apparatus, she denied any other symptoms. He had seen his family doctor in the previous days for the aforementioned clinic, who performed basic laboratory tests and a Mantoux test, with no relevant findings, but noted conjunctival jaundice on examination, and finally referred the patient to the emergency department for assessment.
On arrival at the ED, he had a fever of 39oC with a clear feeling of prostration and general malaise despite preserved haemodynamic parameters. He presented conjunctival jaundice, with no skin lesions (except for occipital psoriasis plaque) or palpable lymphadenopathy. The pharyngo-tonsillar examination revealed no findings. Cardiorespiratory auscultation showed hypophonesis in both apexes. Abdominal examination was unremarkable with no organomegaly, and the extremities had no skin lesions or other data of interest. In the complementary tests performed in the ED, total bilirubin was slightly elevated at 1.66 mg/dL, with normal direct bilirubin and transaminases, as well as elevated C-reactive protein at 222 mg/L and procalcitonin at 0.51 ng/mL. He also had ferritin values of 3313 ng/mL with iron and transferrin at the lower limit of normality, hypertriglyceridaemia of 519 mg/dL with a normal lipid profile and bicytopenia in the haemogram with haemoglobin of 11.9 g/dL (with a high corrected reticulocyte count) and 88,000 platelets/mm3, without leukocytosis or eosinophilia. Serologies drawn in the ED for hepatotropic virus, HIV and syphilis were negative. Negative urine and blood cultures. A single negative stool parasite smear. A peripheral blood smear was requested, which showed doubtful forms compatible with trophozoites, for which reason thick blood smear, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and malaria antigen were also performed, all of which were negative. Chest X-ray and electrocardiogram were negative. Based on the results of these tests and given the patient's general condition, it was decided to admit him to the Infectious Diseases unit of our hospital, with the diagnosis of fever of intermediate duration, bicytopenia and hyperferritinaemia in a patient with recent travel to North America and a history of unprotected sexual intercourse.
Differential diagnosis
To make the differential diagnosis, we will focus on fever as a guiding sign, with the peculiarity of presenting in a patient with a recent trip abroad, so imported pathology will be of special interest. Although the study of fever in a patient after a trip abroad includes non-infectious causes, in our case, we assume this aetiology as the most likely cause of the clinical picture due to its evolution, initial complementary tests and the clear chronological relationship established between the appearance of the symptoms and the various trips made by the patient.
It is mandatory to include in the differential diagnosis pathologies common to any traveller, and some of them especially if risky activities have been carried out, as in the case of our patient. Given the wide range of infectious causes that could be considered in our case, it was decided to narrow down the list of possible aetiologies according to the areas visited by the patient in recent weeks and months: North America, including rural areas, and Colombia. Colombia: hepatitis A and B, Dengue, enteric fevers, leishmaniasis, amebiasis and parasitosis, with malaria and babesiosis being the main ones. 2. USA: Lyme disease, babesiosis, coccidioidomycosis, tularemia, Hantavirus infection, rickettsiosis ... Also of special interest in our case would be those entities that are transmitted through the bite of a tick (although our patient had not been bitten by this arthropod, it was indicated by his travel companions) such as: rickettsiosis, Lyme disease, babebiosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and borrieliosis, fundamentally.
Focusing on the details of our case, any patient coming from tropical areas endemic for parasitosis with fever and bicytopenia should have a blood smear or thick drop, as was done in our case, where possible trophozoites were visualised, so the main presumptive diagnosis was initially malaria. The other imported intra-erythrocytic parasitosis to be considered, with a morphology similar to malaria in certain stages of its biological cycle, is babesiosis. Moreover, it is associated with similar risk factors, with an epidemiological distribution that is sometimes overlapping and, particularly in our case, linked to geographical areas where our patient was present in the previous weeks and months.
Finally, we believe that in addition to focusing on the possible infectious aetiology, our case should include a specific syndromic entity in the differential diagnosis: haemophagocytic syndrome, as this is a patient with fever, bicytopenia, and elevated ferritin and triglycerides. This will force us to request a bone marrow aspiration puncture (BMP).
Evolution
During his admission, the patient was initially treated with antipyretics without empirical antibiotherapy, given his clinical and haemodynamic stability while awaiting the results of the complementary tests, and he remained afebrile. The study was completed with laboratory tests for basic autoimmunity (negative) and serology for parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Rickettsia, Coxiella and Borrelia, all of which were negative. In addition to hyperferritinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia was observed with a normal lipid profile. An abdominal ultrasound was requested, which showed hepatic steatosis and moderate splenomegaly, with no other lesions. The study was also extended with an antigenuria for Leishmania in urine, which was negative. Finally, the haematology department was consulted to assess the possibility of carrying out an AMP, with the following report: cellular aspirate with monocytes and slight dysgranulopoiesis, with no increase in the number of macrophages or haemophagocytosis phenomena. The study was completed with PCR for Leishmania in bone marrow, negative. In view of the presence of possible intraerythrocytic trophozoites in the smear, and after ruling out malaria with thick drop, PCR and antigen, it was decided to request a study of possible babesiosis from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and empirical treatment was started with atovaquone 750 mg every 12 hours and azithromycin 500 mg in initial dose followed by 250 mg every 24 hours for 10 days, with clear clinical and analytical improvement, and the patient was discharged home on the fifth day of treatment. The patient remained asymptomatic and afebrile, with normalisation of haemoglobin and platelet levels in the haemogram and a decrease in CRP, ferritin and triglycerides in the last analysis. A report was received from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, with a positive IgG result for Babesia spp. by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA).
Final diagnosis
Babesiosis imported from North America in a patient with recent travel.
| [
"A",
"72-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"for",
"twelve",
"years",
",",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"one",
"tablet",
"of",
"metformin",
"850",
"mg",
"daily",
",",
"mild",
"plaque",
"psoriasis",
",",
"ex-smoker",
"for",
"about",
"15",
"years",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"toxic",
"habits",
"and",
"with",
"a",
"confirmed",
"allergy",
"to",
"streptomycin",
".",
"Native",
"of",
"Colombia",
",",
"retired",
",",
"worked",
"as",
"a",
"farmer",
"in",
"Colombia",
"and",
"England",
",",
"and",
"later",
"worked",
"in",
"the",
"pharmaceutical",
"industry",
"in",
"England",
".",
"Since",
"2014",
"retired",
"and",
"settled",
"in",
"Dúrcal",
"(",
"Granada",
")",
",",
"spending",
"most",
"of",
"his",
"time",
"travelling",
"around",
"different",
"countries",
",",
"having",
"visited",
"Thailand",
",",
"South",
"Africa",
"and",
"Colombia",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"year",
".",
"In",
"the",
"last",
"three",
"months",
",",
"he",
"travelled",
"through",
"Central",
"America",
"from",
"Colombia",
"to",
"the",
"USA",
",",
"staying",
"for",
"a",
"few",
"weeks",
"in",
"New",
"York",
"where",
"he",
"visited",
"rural",
"and",
"forest",
"areas",
",",
"returning",
"later",
"to",
"Spain",
".",
"He",
"denied",
"any",
"bites",
"of",
"any",
"kind",
",",
"although",
"some",
"of",
"his",
"fellow",
"travellers",
"in",
"New",
"York",
"had",
"suffered",
"tick",
"bites",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"sporadic",
"unprotected",
"heterosexual",
"intercourse",
"during",
"his",
"travels",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"he",
"reported",
"going",
"to",
"an",
"outdoor",
"hot",
"springs",
"area",
"in",
"the",
"area",
"near",
"his",
"municipality",
"in",
"Granada",
"in",
"the",
"days",
"after",
"returning",
"from",
"his",
"last",
"trip",
".",
"He",
"had",
"not",
"received",
"any",
"vaccinations",
"or",
"chemoprophylaxis",
"prior",
"to",
"any",
"of",
"his",
"trips",
".",
"Five",
"days",
"after",
"returning",
"to",
"Spain",
"from",
"New",
"York",
",",
"she",
"began",
"with",
"a",
"pseudo-flu-like",
"illness",
"with",
"non-thermometric",
"fever",
",",
"intense",
"asthenia",
"and",
"generalised",
"arthromyalgia",
"of",
"at",
"least",
"a",
"week",
"'",
"s",
"duration",
",",
"initially",
"of",
"a",
"fluctuating",
"nature",
",",
"without",
"affecting",
"her",
"daily",
"life",
".",
"In",
"the",
"48",
"hours",
"prior",
"to",
"consulting",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"a",
"fever",
"peak",
"of",
"39oC",
"with",
"profuse",
"sweating",
"and",
"shivering",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"general",
"malaise",
"and",
"pleuritic",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"submammary",
"region",
",",
"with",
"progressive",
"prostration",
",",
"which",
"was",
"the",
"reason",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"finally",
"consulted",
"the",
"ED",
".",
"In",
"recent",
"weeks",
",",
"she",
"also",
"reported",
"anorexia",
"and",
"unquantified",
"weight",
"loss",
".",
"In",
"the",
"anamnesis",
"by",
"organs",
"and",
"apparatus",
",",
"she",
"denied",
"any",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"He",
"had",
"seen",
"his",
"family",
"doctor",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"days",
"for",
"the",
"aforementioned",
"clinic",
",",
"who",
"performed",
"basic",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"and",
"a",
"Mantoux",
"test",
",",
"with",
"no",
"relevant",
"findings",
",",
"but",
"noted",
"conjunctival",
"jaundice",
"on",
"examination",
",",
"and",
"finally",
"referred",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"assessment",
".",
"On",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"he",
"had",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"39oC",
"with",
"a",
"clear",
"feeling",
"of",
"prostration",
"and",
"general",
"malaise",
"despite",
"preserved",
"haemodynamic",
"parameters",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"conjunctival",
"jaundice",
",",
"with",
"no",
"skin",
"lesions",
"(",
"except",
"for",
"occipital",
"psoriasis",
"plaque",
")",
"or",
"palpable",
"lymphadenopathy",
".",
"The",
"pharyngo-tonsillar",
"examination",
"revealed",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"Cardiorespiratory",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"hypophonesis",
"in",
"both",
"apexes",
".",
"Abdominal",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
"with",
"no",
"organomegaly",
",",
"and",
"the",
"extremities",
"had",
"no",
"skin",
"lesions",
"or",
"other",
"data",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"In",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"total",
"bilirubin",
"was",
"slightly",
"elevated",
"at",
"1",
".",
"66",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"direct",
"bilirubin",
"and",
"transaminases",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"elevated",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"at",
"222",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
"at",
"0",
".",
"51",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
".",
"He",
"also",
"had",
"ferritin",
"values",
"of",
"3313",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
"with",
"iron",
"and",
"transferrin",
"at",
"the",
"lower",
"limit",
"of",
"normality",
",",
"hypertriglyceridaemia",
"of",
"519",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"with",
"a",
"normal",
"lipid",
"profile",
"and",
"bicytopenia",
"in",
"the",
"haemogram",
"with",
"haemoglobin",
"of",
"11",
".",
"9",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
"(",
"with",
"a",
"high",
"corrected",
"reticulocyte",
"count",
")",
"and",
"88",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"without",
"leukocytosis",
"or",
"eosinophilia",
".",
"Serologies",
"drawn",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
"for",
"hepatotropic",
"virus",
",",
"HIV",
"and",
"syphilis",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Negative",
"urine",
"and",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"A",
"single",
"negative",
"stool",
"parasite",
"smear",
".",
"A",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"smear",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"doubtful",
"forms",
"compatible",
"with",
"trophozoites",
",",
"for",
"which",
"reason",
"thick",
"blood",
"smear",
",",
"PCR",
"(",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
")",
"and",
"malaria",
"antigen",
"were",
"also",
"performed",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"electrocardiogram",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"these",
"tests",
"and",
"given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"him",
"to",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"unit",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
",",
"with",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"fever",
"of",
"intermediate",
"duration",
",",
"bicytopenia",
"and",
"hyperferritinaemia",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"recent",
"travel",
"to",
"North",
"America",
"and",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"unprotected",
"sexual",
"intercourse",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"To",
"make",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
",",
"we",
"will",
"focus",
"on",
"fever",
"as",
"a",
"guiding",
"sign",
",",
"with",
"the",
"peculiarity",
"of",
"presenting",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"recent",
"trip",
"abroad",
",",
"so",
"imported",
"pathology",
"will",
"be",
"of",
"special",
"interest",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"fever",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"after",
"a",
"trip",
"abroad",
"includes",
"non-infectious",
"causes",
",",
"in",
"our",
"case",
",",
"we",
"assume",
"this",
"aetiology",
"as",
"the",
"most",
"likely",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
"due",
"to",
"its",
"evolution",
",",
"initial",
"complementary",
"tests",
"and",
"the",
"clear",
"chronological",
"relationship",
"established",
"between",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
"and",
"the",
"various",
"trips",
"made",
"by",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"It",
"is",
"mandatory",
"to",
"include",
"in",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"pathologies",
"common",
"to",
"any",
"traveller",
",",
"and",
"some",
"of",
"them",
"especially",
"if",
"risky",
"activities",
"have",
"been",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"as",
"in",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"our",
"patient",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"wide",
"range",
"of",
"infectious",
"causes",
"that",
"could",
"be",
"considered",
"in",
"our",
"case",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"narrow",
"down",
"the",
"list",
"of",
"possible",
"aetiologies",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"areas",
"visited",
"by",
"the",
"patient",
"in",
"recent",
"weeks",
"and",
"months",
":",
"North",
"America",
",",
"including",
"rural",
"areas",
",",
"and",
"Colombia",
".",
"Colombia",
":",
"hepatitis",
"A",
"and",
"B",
",",
"Dengue",
",",
"enteric",
"fevers",
",",
"leishmaniasis",
",",
"amebiasis",
"and",
"parasitosis",
",",
"with",
"malaria",
"and",
"babesiosis",
"being",
"the",
"main",
"ones",
".",
"2",
".",
"USA",
":",
"Lyme",
"disease",
",",
"babesiosis",
",",
"coccidioidomycosis",
",",
"tularemia",
",",
"Hantavirus",
"infection",
",",
"rickettsiosis",
".",
".",
".",
"Also",
"of",
"special",
"interest",
"in",
"our",
"case",
"would",
"be",
"those",
"entities",
"that",
"are",
"transmitted",
"through",
"the",
"bite",
"of",
"a",
"tick",
"(",
"although",
"our",
"patient",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"bitten",
"by",
"this",
"arthropod",
",",
"it",
"was",
"indicated",
"by",
"his",
"travel",
"companions",
")",
"such",
"as",
":",
"rickettsiosis",
",",
"Lyme",
"disease",
",",
"babebiosis",
",",
"anaplasmosis",
",",
"ehrlichiosis",
"and",
"borrieliosis",
",",
"fundamentally",
".",
"Focusing",
"on",
"the",
"details",
"of",
"our",
"case",
",",
"any",
"patient",
"coming",
"from",
"tropical",
"areas",
"endemic",
"for",
"parasitosis",
"with",
"fever",
"and",
"bicytopenia",
"should",
"have",
"a",
"blood",
"smear",
"or",
"thick",
"drop",
",",
"as",
"was",
"done",
"in",
"our",
"case",
",",
"where",
"possible",
"trophozoites",
"were",
"visualised",
",",
"so",
"the",
"main",
"presumptive",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"initially",
"malaria",
".",
"The",
"other",
"imported",
"intra-erythrocytic",
"parasitosis",
"to",
"be",
"considered",
",",
"with",
"a",
"morphology",
"similar",
"to",
"malaria",
"in",
"certain",
"stages",
"of",
"its",
"biological",
"cycle",
",",
"is",
"babesiosis",
".",
"Moreover",
",",
"it",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"similar",
"risk",
"factors",
",",
"with",
"an",
"epidemiological",
"distribution",
"that",
"is",
"sometimes",
"overlapping",
"and",
",",
"particularly",
"in",
"our",
"case",
",",
"linked",
"to",
"geographical",
"areas",
"where",
"our",
"patient",
"was",
"present",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"weeks",
"and",
"months",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"we",
"believe",
"that",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"focusing",
"on",
"the",
"possible",
"infectious",
"aetiology",
",",
"our",
"case",
"should",
"include",
"a",
"specific",
"syndromic",
"entity",
"in",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
":",
"haemophagocytic",
"syndrome",
",",
"as",
"this",
"is",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"bicytopenia",
",",
"and",
"elevated",
"ferritin",
"and",
"triglycerides",
".",
"This",
"will",
"force",
"us",
"to",
"request",
"a",
"bone",
"marrow",
"aspiration",
"puncture",
"(",
"BMP",
")",
".",
"Evolution",
"During",
"his",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"initially",
"treated",
"with",
"antipyretics",
"without",
"empirical",
"antibiotherapy",
",",
"given",
"his",
"clinical",
"and",
"haemodynamic",
"stability",
"while",
"awaiting",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
",",
"and",
"he",
"remained",
"afebrile",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"for",
"basic",
"autoimmunity",
"(",
"negative",
")",
"and",
"serology",
"for",
"parvovirus",
"B19",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
",",
"Epstein-Barr",
"virus",
",",
"Rickettsia",
",",
"Coxiella",
"and",
"Borrelia",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"In",
"addition",
"to",
"hyperferritinaemia",
",",
"hypertriglyceridaemia",
"was",
"observed",
"with",
"a",
"normal",
"lipid",
"profile",
".",
"An",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"hepatic",
"steatosis",
"and",
"moderate",
"splenomegaly",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"lesions",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"also",
"extended",
"with",
"an",
"antigenuria",
"for",
"Leishmania",
"in",
"urine",
",",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"haematology",
"department",
"was",
"consulted",
"to",
"assess",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"carrying",
"out",
"an",
"AMP",
",",
"with",
"the",
"following",
"report",
":",
"cellular",
"aspirate",
"with",
"monocytes",
"and",
"slight",
"dysgranulopoiesis",
",",
"with",
"no",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"macrophages",
"or",
"haemophagocytosis",
"phenomena",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"PCR",
"for",
"Leishmania",
"in",
"bone",
"marrow",
",",
"negative",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"possible",
"intraerythrocytic",
"trophozoites",
"in",
"the",
"smear",
",",
"and",
"after",
"ruling",
"out",
"malaria",
"with",
"thick",
"drop",
",",
"PCR",
"and",
"antigen",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"request",
"a",
"study",
"of",
"possible",
"babesiosis",
"from",
"the",
"Instituto",
"de",
"Salud",
"Carlos",
"III",
"and",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"atovaquone",
"750",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"and",
"azithromycin",
"500",
"mg",
"in",
"initial",
"dose",
"followed",
"by",
"250",
"mg",
"every",
"24",
"hours",
"for",
"10",
"days",
",",
"with",
"clear",
"clinical",
"and",
"analytical",
"improvement",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"home",
"on",
"the",
"fifth",
"day",
"of",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
"and",
"afebrile",
",",
"with",
"normalisation",
"of",
"haemoglobin",
"and",
"platelet",
"levels",
"in",
"the",
"haemogram",
"and",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"CRP",
",",
"ferritin",
"and",
"triglycerides",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"analysis",
".",
"A",
"report",
"was",
"received",
"from",
"the",
"Instituto",
"de",
"Salud",
"Carlos",
"III",
",",
"with",
"a",
"positive",
"IgG",
"result",
"for",
"Babesia",
"spp",
".",
"by",
"indirect",
"immunofluorescence",
"(",
"IFA",
")",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Babesiosis",
"imported",
"from",
"North",
"America",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"recent",
"travel",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "farmer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 310,
"end": 316
},
{
"text": "tick",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 877,
"end": 881
},
{
"text": "retired",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 289,
"end": 296
},
{
"text": "retired",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 413,
"end": 420
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 25,
"end": 33
},
{
"text": "family doctor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1924,
"end": 1937
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2147,
"end": 2154
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3339,
"end": 3342
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3780,
"end": 3787
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3980,
"end": 3987
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3430,
"end": 3438
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3347,
"end": 3355
},
{
"text": "hepatotropic virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3319,
"end": 3337
},
{
"text": "trophozoites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3530,
"end": 3542
},
{
"text": "malaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3616,
"end": 3623
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4215,
"end": 4222
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4334,
"end": 4341
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4657,
"end": 4664
},
{
"text": "Hantavirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5340,
"end": 5350
},
{
"text": "arthropod",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5539,
"end": 5548
},
{
"text": "travel companions",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5574,
"end": 5591
},
{
"text": "tick",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5484,
"end": 5488
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4853,
"end": 4860
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5043,
"end": 5050
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5503,
"end": 5510
},
{
"text": "traveller",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4749,
"end": 4758
},
{
"text": "malaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5231,
"end": 5238
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5744,
"end": 5751
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6352,
"end": 6359
},
{
"text": "trophozoites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5911,
"end": 5923
},
{
"text": "malaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5989,
"end": 5996
},
{
"text": "malaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6095,
"end": 6102
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6615,
"end": 6622
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7181,
"end": 7189
},
{
"text": "Coxiella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7168,
"end": 7176
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7490,
"end": 7500
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7836,
"end": 7846
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7156,
"end": 7166
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7119,
"end": 7134
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6797,
"end": 6804
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8330,
"end": 8337
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8393,
"end": 8400
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7136,
"end": 7154
},
{
"text": "parvovirus B19",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7103,
"end": 7117
}
] | en |
A 23-year-old male was initially referred by Urology for finding very low testosterone levels with low gonadotrophins; he had consulted a year ago for difficulty in maintaining an erection. He reported ejaculation with low volume and fluid. He maintains erections although with decreased libido. No anosmia.
Normal cognitive and physical development. Onset of pubertal development around 12 years of age with puberty. No eunuchoid habitus, bilateral 12 mL testicles. Little facial hair (his father does have a beard). His mother says she thought it was due to the third degree burn he had as a newborn.
He does not report drug or anabolic use. No cleft palate type malformations. No syndromic appearance or clinical impression of systemic inflammatory disease or chronic disease.
Relevant family history: her mother suffers from primary hypothyroidism, a single parent sister, a cousin with coeliac disease and another cousin on her mother's side with neonatal hyperammonaemia diagnosed in neonatal screening (she is currently 13 years old and is a healthy child).
A complete hormonal study was requested where the analytical result of secondary hypogonadism was again observed but no other hormonal alterations were observed; haemochromatosis was ruled out in the analytical study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland was requested and no alterations were observed.
Given that the complete study had been carried out, a diagnosis of normosmic Kallman syndrome was suggested, and genetic study of the GNRHR, KISS1R or KISS1 genes was requested, which is currently in progress.
Testosterone cypionate was initially prescribed intramuscularly every 21 days and the patient reported significant improvement in vitality, libido and ejaculation volume. The use of gonadotrophin analogues will be considered if the patient has a gestational desire.
Although the case may initially appear to be an acquired secondary hypogonadism given the late age of onset, there is apparently no known aetiological trigger for it. A review of the literature suggests that Kallman's syndrome may manifest late, although it is not common.
| [
"A",
"23-year-old",
"male",
"was",
"initially",
"referred",
"by",
"Urology",
"for",
"finding",
"very",
"low",
"testosterone",
"levels",
"with",
"low",
"gonadotrophins",
";",
"he",
"had",
"consulted",
"a",
"year",
"ago",
"for",
"difficulty",
"in",
"maintaining",
"an",
"erection",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"ejaculation",
"with",
"low",
"volume",
"and",
"fluid",
".",
"He",
"maintains",
"erections",
"although",
"with",
"decreased",
"libido",
".",
"No",
"anosmia",
".",
"Normal",
"cognitive",
"and",
"physical",
"development",
".",
"Onset",
"of",
"pubertal",
"development",
"around",
"12",
"years",
"of",
"age",
"with",
"puberty",
".",
"No",
"eunuchoid",
"habitus",
",",
"bilateral",
"12",
"mL",
"testicles",
".",
"Little",
"facial",
"hair",
"(",
"his",
"father",
"does",
"have",
"a",
"beard",
")",
".",
"His",
"mother",
"says",
"she",
"thought",
"it",
"was",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"third",
"degree",
"burn",
"he",
"had",
"as",
"a",
"newborn",
".",
"He",
"does",
"not",
"report",
"drug",
"or",
"anabolic",
"use",
".",
"No",
"cleft",
"palate",
"type",
"malformations",
".",
"No",
"syndromic",
"appearance",
"or",
"clinical",
"impression",
"of",
"systemic",
"inflammatory",
"disease",
"or",
"chronic",
"disease",
".",
"Relevant",
"family",
"history",
":",
"her",
"mother",
"suffers",
"from",
"primary",
"hypothyroidism",
",",
"a",
"single",
"parent",
"sister",
",",
"a",
"cousin",
"with",
"coeliac",
"disease",
"and",
"another",
"cousin",
"on",
"her",
"mother",
"'",
"s",
"side",
"with",
"neonatal",
"hyperammonaemia",
"diagnosed",
"in",
"neonatal",
"screening",
"(",
"she",
"is",
"currently",
"13",
"years",
"old",
"and",
"is",
"a",
"healthy",
"child",
")",
".",
"A",
"complete",
"hormonal",
"study",
"was",
"requested",
"where",
"the",
"analytical",
"result",
"of",
"secondary",
"hypogonadism",
"was",
"again",
"observed",
"but",
"no",
"other",
"hormonal",
"alterations",
"were",
"observed",
";",
"haemochromatosis",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"analytical",
"study",
".",
"Magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"of",
"the",
"pituitary",
"gland",
"was",
"requested",
"and",
"no",
"alterations",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Given",
"that",
"the",
"complete",
"study",
"had",
"been",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"normosmic",
"Kallman",
"syndrome",
"was",
"suggested",
",",
"and",
"genetic",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"GNRHR",
",",
"KISS1R",
"or",
"KISS1",
"genes",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"is",
"currently",
"in",
"progress",
".",
"Testosterone",
"cypionate",
"was",
"initially",
"prescribed",
"intramuscularly",
"every",
"21",
"days",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"significant",
"improvement",
"in",
"vitality",
",",
"libido",
"and",
"ejaculation",
"volume",
".",
"The",
"use",
"of",
"gonadotrophin",
"analogues",
"will",
"be",
"considered",
"if",
"the",
"patient",
"has",
"a",
"gestational",
"desire",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"case",
"may",
"initially",
"appear",
"to",
"be",
"an",
"acquired",
"secondary",
"hypogonadism",
"given",
"the",
"late",
"age",
"of",
"onset",
",",
"there",
"is",
"apparently",
"no",
"known",
"aetiological",
"trigger",
"for",
"it",
".",
"A",
"review",
"of",
"the",
"literature",
"suggests",
"that",
"Kallman",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome",
"may",
"manifest",
"late",
",",
"although",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"common",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 522,
"end": 528
},
{
"text": "father",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 491,
"end": 497
},
{
"text": "newborn",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 594,
"end": 601
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 789,
"end": 795
},
{
"text": "sister",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 869,
"end": 875
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 809,
"end": 815
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 933,
"end": 939
},
{
"text": "neonatal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 952,
"end": 960
},
{
"text": "neonatal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 990,
"end": 998
},
{
"text": "cousin",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 879,
"end": 885
},
{
"text": "cousin",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 919,
"end": 925
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1677,
"end": 1684
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1823,
"end": 1830
}
] | en |
A 48-year-old man with no medical history presented with dyspnoea on slight exertion and malleolar oedema of 15 days' duration. Examination showed bibasal crackles and laboratory tests showed 11,600 leukocytes with 78.5% segmented, 13.4% lymphocytes and 7.2% monocytes, as well as normal biomarkers. The electrocardiogram showed previously known left bundle branch block. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly and bilateral interstitial infiltrates and chest CT showed diffuse interstitial thickening over "ground glass" images ("crazy paving" pattern). Given the findings suggestive of interstitial pneumonitis, it was decided not to initiate antibiotic therapy. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed ventricular dilatation with severe systolic dysfunction, so he was transferred to cardiology. Coronary angiography showed severe lesions in the distal anterior descending, proximal circumflex and acute marginal arteries, which did not justify myocardial dysfunction. Cardiac MRI was performed one month after symptom onset and showed anterolateral hyperintensity with late subepicardial enhancement, left ventricular dilatation and LVEF of 13%, compatible with subacute myocarditis. Anti-CMV IgM and IgG antibodies and anti-CMV PCR were positive, so treatment with oral valganciclovir was started for two weeks. He progressed satisfactorily and three months later remained clinically stable, with baseline NYHA class II dyspnoea and LVEF of 45% according to control echocardiography.
| [
"A",
"48-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"no",
"medical",
"history",
"presented",
"with",
"dyspnoea",
"on",
"slight",
"exertion",
"and",
"malleolar",
"oedema",
"of",
"15",
"days",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"Examination",
"showed",
"bibasal",
"crackles",
"and",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"11",
",",
"600",
"leukocytes",
"with",
"78",
".",
"5",
"%",
"segmented",
",",
"13",
".",
"4",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
"and",
"7",
".",
"2",
"%",
"monocytes",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"normal",
"biomarkers",
".",
"The",
"electrocardiogram",
"showed",
"previously",
"known",
"left",
"bundle",
"branch",
"block",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"revealed",
"cardiomegaly",
"and",
"bilateral",
"interstitial",
"infiltrates",
"and",
"chest",
"CT",
"showed",
"diffuse",
"interstitial",
"thickening",
"over",
"\"",
"ground",
"glass",
"\"",
"images",
"(",
"\"",
"crazy",
"paving",
"\"",
"pattern",
")",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"findings",
"suggestive",
"of",
"interstitial",
"pneumonitis",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"not",
"to",
"initiate",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"revealed",
"ventricular",
"dilatation",
"with",
"severe",
"systolic",
"dysfunction",
",",
"so",
"he",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"cardiology",
".",
"Coronary",
"angiography",
"showed",
"severe",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"anterior",
"descending",
",",
"proximal",
"circumflex",
"and",
"acute",
"marginal",
"arteries",
",",
"which",
"did",
"not",
"justify",
"myocardial",
"dysfunction",
".",
"Cardiac",
"MRI",
"was",
"performed",
"one",
"month",
"after",
"symptom",
"onset",
"and",
"showed",
"anterolateral",
"hyperintensity",
"with",
"late",
"subepicardial",
"enhancement",
",",
"left",
"ventricular",
"dilatation",
"and",
"LVEF",
"of",
"13",
"%",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"subacute",
"myocarditis",
".",
"Anti-CMV",
"IgM",
"and",
"IgG",
"antibodies",
"and",
"anti-CMV",
"PCR",
"were",
"positive",
",",
"so",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"valganciclovir",
"was",
"started",
"for",
"two",
"weeks",
".",
"He",
"progressed",
"satisfactorily",
"and",
"three",
"months",
"later",
"remained",
"clinically",
"stable",
",",
"with",
"baseline",
"NYHA",
"class",
"II",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"LVEF",
"of",
"45",
"%",
"according",
"to",
"control",
"echocardiography",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1188,
"end": 1191
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1224,
"end": 1227
}
] | en |
Clinical case report: A 47-year-old man with no past history of interest, who came to the emergency department for symptoms, of about two weeks' evolution, of intense abdominal and lumbar pain accompanied by a feeling of dystrophy, nausea, vomiting and severe deterioration of the general state of health. He reported intramuscular administration of diclofenac and dexamethasone 10 days earlier. On examination, BP 80/50; Fc: 109 bpm; Ta: 37.5o. Poor general condition. Feeling of severe illness. Pallor of skin and mucous membranes. Poorly melting. Dyspnoeic. Neurological: no AR focality: MVC. AC: rhythmic tones without murmurs. Abdomen: not assessable due to the impossibility of performing the examination in the supine decubitus position due to the intense pain in the lumbar and gluteal region, although there are indurated areas with impastoed skin in both gluteal regions that are very painful on superficial palpation. Lower extremities: bilateral oedema, fovea +. Complementary examination: leukocytes 27,400/mm3 (neutrophils 22%), Hg 9.9 g/dl, normal coagulation, creatinine 0.80, LDH 313, procalcitonin 0.84, CRP 115. EKG: sinus tachycardia 109 bpm. Chest X-ray: no data of interest CT scan abdomen and pelvis c/c: discrete bilateral pleural effusion. Pelvic lymph node images up to 1 cm adjacent to right main iliac vessels and left external iliac vessels. Colic frame dilatation up to the rectum where high density content is observed. Minimal amount of free fluid in the pelvis. At the level of the left and right gluteus maximus muscle, there are significant collections with a more hypodense centre and discrete peripheral uptake extending to the presacral space. Small isolated air bubbles, adjacent to the right fascia lata to the right iliac pala and in the right gluteal intermuscular fasciae. Soft tissue enlargement at the presacral level, extending to the L5-S1 disc level with irregularity and erosion of these vertebral plates and areas of sclerosis in S1 suggestive of L5-S1 spondylodiscitis. The patient required the administration of vasoactive drugs to maintain haemodynamic stability. He had a good course with empirical antibiotherapy with ceftriaxone and cloxacycline iv. After being assessed by general surgery, surgery was performed to drain the abscesses, and he was subsequently admitted to the internal medicine infectious diseases unit, where E. coli was isolated in blood cultures and in samples of the gluteal abscesses.
Diagnosis: Septic shock secondary to spondylodiscitis of L5-S1 and gluteal abscesses due to E. coli infection.
| [
"Clinical",
"case",
"report",
":",
"A",
"47-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"no",
"past",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"who",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"symptoms",
",",
"of",
"about",
"two",
"weeks",
"'",
"evolution",
",",
"of",
"intense",
"abdominal",
"and",
"lumbar",
"pain",
"accompanied",
"by",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"dystrophy",
",",
"nausea",
",",
"vomiting",
"and",
"severe",
"deterioration",
"of",
"the",
"general",
"state",
"of",
"health",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"intramuscular",
"administration",
"of",
"diclofenac",
"and",
"dexamethasone",
"10",
"days",
"earlier",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"BP",
"80",
"/",
"50",
";",
"Fc",
":",
"109",
"bpm",
";",
"Ta",
":",
"37",
".",
"5o",
".",
"Poor",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"Feeling",
"of",
"severe",
"illness",
".",
"Pallor",
"of",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
".",
"Poorly",
"melting",
".",
"Dyspnoeic",
".",
"Neurological",
":",
"no",
"AR",
"focality",
":",
"MVC",
".",
"AC",
":",
"rhythmic",
"tones",
"without",
"murmurs",
".",
"Abdomen",
":",
"not",
"assessable",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"impossibility",
"of",
"performing",
"the",
"examination",
"in",
"the",
"supine",
"decubitus",
"position",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"intense",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"lumbar",
"and",
"gluteal",
"region",
",",
"although",
"there",
"are",
"indurated",
"areas",
"with",
"impastoed",
"skin",
"in",
"both",
"gluteal",
"regions",
"that",
"are",
"very",
"painful",
"on",
"superficial",
"palpation",
".",
"Lower",
"extremities",
":",
"bilateral",
"oedema",
",",
"fovea",
"+",
".",
"Complementary",
"examination",
":",
"leukocytes",
"27",
",",
"400",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"neutrophils",
"22",
"%",
")",
",",
"Hg",
"9",
".",
"9",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"normal",
"coagulation",
",",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"80",
",",
"LDH",
"313",
",",
"procalcitonin",
"0",
".",
"84",
",",
"CRP",
"115",
".",
"EKG",
":",
"sinus",
"tachycardia",
"109",
"bpm",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"no",
"data",
"of",
"interest",
"CT",
"scan",
"abdomen",
"and",
"pelvis",
"c",
"/",
"c",
":",
"discrete",
"bilateral",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"Pelvic",
"lymph",
"node",
"images",
"up",
"to",
"1",
"cm",
"adjacent",
"to",
"right",
"main",
"iliac",
"vessels",
"and",
"left",
"external",
"iliac",
"vessels",
".",
"Colic",
"frame",
"dilatation",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"rectum",
"where",
"high",
"density",
"content",
"is",
"observed",
".",
"Minimal",
"amount",
"of",
"free",
"fluid",
"in",
"the",
"pelvis",
".",
"At",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"and",
"right",
"gluteus",
"maximus",
"muscle",
",",
"there",
"are",
"significant",
"collections",
"with",
"a",
"more",
"hypodense",
"centre",
"and",
"discrete",
"peripheral",
"uptake",
"extending",
"to",
"the",
"presacral",
"space",
".",
"Small",
"isolated",
"air",
"bubbles",
",",
"adjacent",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"fascia",
"lata",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"iliac",
"pala",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"gluteal",
"intermuscular",
"fasciae",
".",
"Soft",
"tissue",
"enlargement",
"at",
"the",
"presacral",
"level",
",",
"extending",
"to",
"the",
"L5-S1",
"disc",
"level",
"with",
"irregularity",
"and",
"erosion",
"of",
"these",
"vertebral",
"plates",
"and",
"areas",
"of",
"sclerosis",
"in",
"S1",
"suggestive",
"of",
"L5-S1",
"spondylodiscitis",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"required",
"the",
"administration",
"of",
"vasoactive",
"drugs",
"to",
"maintain",
"haemodynamic",
"stability",
".",
"He",
"had",
"a",
"good",
"course",
"with",
"empirical",
"antibiotherapy",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"cloxacycline",
"iv",
".",
"After",
"being",
"assessed",
"by",
"general",
"surgery",
",",
"surgery",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"drain",
"the",
"abscesses",
",",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"subsequently",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"internal",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"unit",
",",
"where",
"E",
".",
"coli",
"was",
"isolated",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"in",
"samples",
"of",
"the",
"gluteal",
"abscesses",
".",
"Diagnosis",
":",
"Septic",
"shock",
"secondary",
"to",
"spondylodiscitis",
"of",
"L5-S1",
"and",
"gluteal",
"abscesses",
"due",
"to",
"E",
".",
"coli",
"infection",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2025,
"end": 2032
},
{
"text": "E. coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2383,
"end": 2390
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 38-year-old man from Peru, with no known drug allergies, toxic habits or vascular risk factors, attended the emergency department for right frontotemporal headache, pulsating and strictly unilateral, which worsened with head movements and associated photophobia. He denied cognitive, visual or sensory alterations prior to the episode. The headache was of moderate-severe intensity and had begun abruptly on the afternoon of the day before consulting the emergency department while at rest. In the anamnesis she denied any history of previous headache, dysthermic sensation or fever. She also had no family history of headache or other diseases of interest. At the time of consultation he was unemployed (he had worked as a waiter) and had been living in Spain with his partner for more than 10 years. Although the patient was not being treated with any drugs, he had taken a single tablet of paracetamol 1 g orally as symptomatic treatment, with slight improvement. During his stay in the ED, the pain improved slightly after administration of 25 mg intravenous dexketoprofen.
Physical examination
General: blood pressure 125/80 mmHg, heart rate 70 bpm, oxygen saturation 99%. Afebrile. Good general appearance, well hydrated, nourished and perfused. No skin rashes were observed. Carotid rhythmic with no audible murmurs. Cardiac and respiratory auscultation without alterations. Abdomen soft and depressible, without masses or organomegaly. Lower extremities without oedema or signs of deep vein thrombosis. Neurological examination: patient alert. Oriented in person, time and space. No aphasia. No apraxias. Fluent, non-dysarthric speech. Campimetry by ocular confrontation without alterations. Ophthalmological examination in the emergency department with normal fundus, papilla with clear edges and normal colour. Pupils are isochoric and normally reactive to light and accommodation. Tracking eye movements without restrictions or other alterations (no nystagmus evoked). Preserved saccadic eye movements. Cranial nerves V, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII without alterations. Muscle balance 5/5 in the four extremities. Normal muscle tone and trophism. No alterations in coordination in finger-nose and heel-knee manoeuvres. No dysdiadochokinesia. Generalised osteotendinous reflexes ++/++. Tactile, algesic, vibratory and proprioceptive sensitivity without alterations. Tandem gait without alterations. Romberg negative. No meningeal signs.
Complementary tests
- Urgent laboratory data: haemogram, coagulation and biochemistry without alterations. Urine: no alterations.
- Deferred laboratory data: haemoglobin 16.3 g/dl, MCV 94.8 fl, MCH 30.6 pg, leukocytes 6.48 x 103/microl, platelets 380 x 103/microl, CRP 1.4 mg/dl, LDH 148 IU/l (< 247), FA 148 IU/l (30-120), total cholesterol 182 mg/dl. Coagulation in normal range. Iron metabolism without alterations. Immunology: ANA, ANCA, anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies negative. C3 and C4 in normal range. Rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies negative. Proteinogram and serum immunoglobulins without alterations. Angiotensin converting enzyme 39.4 IU (20-60).
- Tumour markers (Ca 15.3, Ca 19.9, AFP, PSA) in normal ranges.
- Chest X-ray: normal cardiothoracic index. Free costophrenic sinuses. No mediastinal thickening or parenchymal infiltrates.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain with and without contrast: right temporal hypodensity without mass effect that respects the cerebral cortex and that does not capture contrast.
- Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast: right hemispheric pachymeningeal enhancement, with areas of associated focal pseudonodular thickening of temporal location. Alteration of the underlying right temporal cortico-subcortical signal, suggestive of reactive oedema.
- MRI angiography: hypoplasia of the left transverse sinus with no evidence of cerebral venous thrombosis.
- Lumbar puncture: opening pressure 12 mm H2O. 20 cells (100% lymphocytes). Proteins 387 mg/dl, glucose 50 mg/dl (serum 70 mg/dl), ADA 3.3 (0.5-3), Tibbling index 0.62 (0.3-0.7). No tumour cells were observed.
- PCR for tuberculosis (TB) was negative. Cultures were negative for usual bacteria and fungi. Fungal antigens (cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides imitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasilensis) were negative.
- Negative TB blood and urine cultures.
- Serologies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid negative for syphilis, Brucella, Rickettsia conorii, Borrelia burgdorferi, HIV, HBV, HCV, toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV. PCR for HSV 1, HSV 2, Epstein-Barr virus and cytoemgalovirus.
- Thoracic-abdominal CT scan: no mediastinal adenopathy, pleural effusion or infiltrates in the lung parenchyma.
CT scan of the brain with contrast showing right temporal hypodensity without contrast uptake. Brain MRI in T1 sequence with gadolinium showing meningeal thickening with surrounding oedema.
Diagnosis
Headache secondary to idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis.
Treatment
The patient remained in hospital with good control of the headache with ibuprofen 600 mg orally every 8 hours.
Evolution
After completing the study and in view of the improvement of the headache, a control MRI was requested, which showed an improvement in the lesions.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"38-year-old",
"man",
"from",
"Peru",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"toxic",
"habits",
"or",
"vascular",
"risk",
"factors",
",",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"right",
"frontotemporal",
"headache",
",",
"pulsating",
"and",
"strictly",
"unilateral",
",",
"which",
"worsened",
"with",
"head",
"movements",
"and",
"associated",
"photophobia",
".",
"He",
"denied",
"cognitive",
",",
"visual",
"or",
"sensory",
"alterations",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"episode",
".",
"The",
"headache",
"was",
"of",
"moderate-severe",
"intensity",
"and",
"had",
"begun",
"abruptly",
"on",
"the",
"afternoon",
"of",
"the",
"day",
"before",
"consulting",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"while",
"at",
"rest",
".",
"In",
"the",
"anamnesis",
"she",
"denied",
"any",
"history",
"of",
"previous",
"headache",
",",
"dysthermic",
"sensation",
"or",
"fever",
".",
"She",
"also",
"had",
"no",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"headache",
"or",
"other",
"diseases",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"At",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"consultation",
"he",
"was",
"unemployed",
"(",
"he",
"had",
"worked",
"as",
"a",
"waiter",
")",
"and",
"had",
"been",
"living",
"in",
"Spain",
"with",
"his",
"partner",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"10",
"years",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"not",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"any",
"drugs",
",",
"he",
"had",
"taken",
"a",
"single",
"tablet",
"of",
"paracetamol",
"1",
"g",
"orally",
"as",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"slight",
"improvement",
".",
"During",
"his",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"the",
"pain",
"improved",
"slightly",
"after",
"administration",
"of",
"25",
"mg",
"intravenous",
"dexketoprofen",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"General",
":",
"blood",
"pressure",
"125",
"/",
"80",
"mmHg",
",",
"heart",
"rate",
"70",
"bpm",
",",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"99",
"%",
".",
"Afebrile",
".",
"Good",
"general",
"appearance",
",",
"well",
"hydrated",
",",
"nourished",
"and",
"perfused",
".",
"No",
"skin",
"rashes",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Carotid",
"rhythmic",
"with",
"no",
"audible",
"murmurs",
".",
"Cardiac",
"and",
"respiratory",
"auscultation",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"without",
"masses",
"or",
"organomegaly",
".",
"Lower",
"extremities",
"without",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"deep",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
":",
"patient",
"alert",
".",
"Oriented",
"in",
"person",
",",
"time",
"and",
"space",
".",
"No",
"aphasia",
".",
"No",
"apraxias",
".",
"Fluent",
",",
"non-dysarthric",
"speech",
".",
"Campimetry",
"by",
"ocular",
"confrontation",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Ophthalmological",
"examination",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"normal",
"fundus",
",",
"papilla",
"with",
"clear",
"edges",
"and",
"normal",
"colour",
".",
"Pupils",
"are",
"isochoric",
"and",
"normally",
"reactive",
"to",
"light",
"and",
"accommodation",
".",
"Tracking",
"eye",
"movements",
"without",
"restrictions",
"or",
"other",
"alterations",
"(",
"no",
"nystagmus",
"evoked",
")",
".",
"Preserved",
"saccadic",
"eye",
"movements",
".",
"Cranial",
"nerves",
"V",
",",
"VIII",
",",
"IX",
",",
"X",
",",
"XI",
"and",
"XII",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Muscle",
"balance",
"5",
"/",
"5",
"in",
"the",
"four",
"extremities",
".",
"Normal",
"muscle",
"tone",
"and",
"trophism",
".",
"No",
"alterations",
"in",
"coordination",
"in",
"finger-nose",
"and",
"heel-knee",
"manoeuvres",
".",
"No",
"dysdiadochokinesia",
".",
"Generalised",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
"+",
"+",
"/",
"+",
"+",
".",
"Tactile",
",",
"algesic",
",",
"vibratory",
"and",
"proprioceptive",
"sensitivity",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Tandem",
"gait",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Romberg",
"negative",
".",
"No",
"meningeal",
"signs",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Urgent",
"laboratory",
"data",
":",
"haemogram",
",",
"coagulation",
"and",
"biochemistry",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Urine",
":",
"no",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Deferred",
"laboratory",
"data",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"16",
".",
"3",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"MCV",
"94",
".",
"8",
"fl",
",",
"MCH",
"30",
".",
"6",
"pg",
",",
"leukocytes",
"6",
".",
"48",
"x",
"103",
"/",
"microl",
",",
"platelets",
"380",
"x",
"103",
"/",
"microl",
",",
"CRP",
"1",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"LDH",
"148",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
"(",
"<",
"247",
")",
",",
"FA",
"148",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
"(",
"30-120",
")",
",",
"total",
"cholesterol",
"182",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Coagulation",
"in",
"normal",
"range",
".",
"Iron",
"metabolism",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Immunology",
":",
"ANA",
",",
"ANCA",
",",
"anti-Ro",
"and",
"anti-La",
"antibodies",
"negative",
".",
"C3",
"and",
"C4",
"in",
"normal",
"range",
".",
"Rheumatoid",
"factor",
"and",
"anti-citrullinated",
"peptide",
"antibodies",
"negative",
".",
"Proteinogram",
"and",
"serum",
"immunoglobulins",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Angiotensin",
"converting",
"enzyme",
"39",
".",
"4",
"IU",
"(",
"20-60",
")",
".",
"-",
"Tumour",
"markers",
"(",
"Ca",
"15",
".",
"3",
",",
"Ca",
"19",
".",
"9",
",",
"AFP",
",",
"PSA",
")",
"in",
"normal",
"ranges",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"normal",
"cardiothoracic",
"index",
".",
"Free",
"costophrenic",
"sinuses",
".",
"No",
"mediastinal",
"thickening",
"or",
"parenchymal",
"infiltrates",
".",
"-",
"Computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
"with",
"and",
"without",
"contrast",
":",
"right",
"temporal",
"hypodensity",
"without",
"mass",
"effect",
"that",
"respects",
"the",
"cerebral",
"cortex",
"and",
"that",
"does",
"not",
"capture",
"contrast",
".",
"-",
"Brain",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"with",
"and",
"without",
"contrast",
":",
"right",
"hemispheric",
"pachymeningeal",
"enhancement",
",",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"associated",
"focal",
"pseudonodular",
"thickening",
"of",
"temporal",
"location",
".",
"Alteration",
"of",
"the",
"underlying",
"right",
"temporal",
"cortico-subcortical",
"signal",
",",
"suggestive",
"of",
"reactive",
"oedema",
".",
"-",
"MRI",
"angiography",
":",
"hypoplasia",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"transverse",
"sinus",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"cerebral",
"venous",
"thrombosis",
".",
"-",
"Lumbar",
"puncture",
":",
"opening",
"pressure",
"12",
"mm",
"H2O",
".",
"20",
"cells",
"(",
"100",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
")",
".",
"Proteins",
"387",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"glucose",
"50",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"(",
"serum",
"70",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
",",
"ADA",
"3",
".",
"3",
"(",
"0",
".",
"5-3",
")",
",",
"Tibbling",
"index",
"0",
".",
"62",
"(",
"0",
".",
"3-0",
".",
"7",
")",
".",
"No",
"tumour",
"cells",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"-",
"PCR",
"for",
"tuberculosis",
"(",
"TB",
")",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Cultures",
"were",
"negative",
"for",
"usual",
"bacteria",
"and",
"fungi",
".",
"Fungal",
"antigens",
"(",
"cryptococcus",
",",
"Blastomyces",
",",
"Coccidioides",
"imitis",
",",
"Histoplasma",
"capsulatum",
",",
"Paracoccidioides",
"brasilensis",
")",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Negative",
"TB",
"blood",
"and",
"urine",
"cultures",
".",
"-",
"Serologies",
"in",
"serum",
"and",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"negative",
"for",
"syphilis",
",",
"Brucella",
",",
"Rickettsia",
"conorii",
",",
"Borrelia",
"burgdorferi",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"toxoplasmosis",
",",
"rubella",
",",
"CMV",
".",
"PCR",
"for",
"HSV",
"1",
",",
"HSV",
"2",
",",
"Epstein-Barr",
"virus",
"and",
"cytoemgalovirus",
".",
"-",
"Thoracic-abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"no",
"mediastinal",
"adenopathy",
",",
"pleural",
"effusion",
"or",
"infiltrates",
"in",
"the",
"lung",
"parenchyma",
".",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
"with",
"contrast",
"showing",
"right",
"temporal",
"hypodensity",
"without",
"contrast",
"uptake",
".",
"Brain",
"MRI",
"in",
"T1",
"sequence",
"with",
"gadolinium",
"showing",
"meningeal",
"thickening",
"with",
"surrounding",
"oedema",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Headache",
"secondary",
"to",
"idiopathic",
"hypertrophic",
"pachymeningitis",
".",
"Treatment",
"The",
"patient",
"remained",
"in",
"hospital",
"with",
"good",
"control",
"of",
"the",
"headache",
"with",
"ibuprofen",
"600",
"mg",
"orally",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"completing",
"the",
"study",
"and",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"headache",
",",
"a",
"control",
"MRI",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"an",
"improvement",
"in",
"the",
"lesions",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "waiter",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 736,
"end": 742
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 612,
"end": 618
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 827,
"end": 834
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 782,
"end": 789
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1550,
"end": 1557
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1577,
"end": 1583
},
{
"text": "Coccidioides imitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4273,
"end": 4292
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma capsulatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4294,
"end": 4316
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4209,
"end": 4217
},
{
"text": "cryptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4246,
"end": 4258
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4222,
"end": 4227
},
{
"text": "Paracoccidioides brasilensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4318,
"end": 4346
},
{
"text": "tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4144,
"end": 4156
},
{
"text": "Borrelia burgdorferi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4502,
"end": 4522
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4472,
"end": 4480
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4563,
"end": 4566
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4590,
"end": 4602
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia conorii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4482,
"end": 4500
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4529,
"end": 4532
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4534,
"end": 4537
},
{
"text": "HSV 2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4583,
"end": 4588
},
{
"text": "HSV 1",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4576,
"end": 4581
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4524,
"end": 4527
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4462,
"end": 4470
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4603,
"end": 4608
},
{
"text": "toxoplasmosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4539,
"end": 4552
},
{
"text": "rubella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4554,
"end": 4561
},
{
"text": "cytoemgalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4613,
"end": 4628
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5022,
"end": 5029
}
] | en |
A 3-year-old boy referred to Allergology after admission to hospital for an initially facial rash, with centrifugal progression, with confluent erythematous plaques, some purpuric elements, isolated lesions on the target and involvement of the labial and perianal mucosa. The diagnostic impression after evaluation by dermatology was MS. The symptoms had begun on the seventh day of treatment with amoxicillin, indicated for acute otitis media.
Antihistamine and corticosteroid treatment was administered, with a favourable evolution.
On admission, the haemogram showed a marked elevation of acute phase reactants (procalcitonin: 19 ng/ml [> 0.5 ng/ml] and leukocytosis), so he was treated with cefotaxime, and azithromycin was added after receiving the serological results. Serologies (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], cytomegalovirus, Mycoplasma, parvovirus) were positive (IgM) for Mycoplasma, EBV and parvovirus. He was discharged on cefuroxime axetil.
Specific IgE determinations (cefaclor, amoxicillin, penicillin G) were negative.
Patch tests (amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacampicillin, cloxacillin, penicillin V, penicillin G, cephalexin and cefixime) were positive (positive readings at 48 and 96 hours, according to the recommendations of the Contact Dermatitis Research Group) with amoxicillin and ampicillin. Parents declined continuation of the study (prick and intradermal skin tests with late reading).
Results:
We present a case of MS with positive allergological study to aminopenicillins and serological confirmation of active infection. The double etiological confirmation raises the need to evaluate the involvement of drugs in similar cases.
| [
"A",
"3-year-old",
"boy",
"referred",
"to",
"Allergology",
"after",
"admission",
"to",
"hospital",
"for",
"an",
"initially",
"facial",
"rash",
",",
"with",
"centrifugal",
"progression",
",",
"with",
"confluent",
"erythematous",
"plaques",
",",
"some",
"purpuric",
"elements",
",",
"isolated",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"target",
"and",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"labial",
"and",
"perianal",
"mucosa",
".",
"The",
"diagnostic",
"impression",
"after",
"evaluation",
"by",
"dermatology",
"was",
"MS",
".",
"The",
"symptoms",
"had",
"begun",
"on",
"the",
"seventh",
"day",
"of",
"treatment",
"with",
"amoxicillin",
",",
"indicated",
"for",
"acute",
"otitis",
"media",
".",
"Antihistamine",
"and",
"corticosteroid",
"treatment",
"was",
"administered",
",",
"with",
"a",
"favourable",
"evolution",
".",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"a",
"marked",
"elevation",
"of",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"(",
"procalcitonin",
":",
"19",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
"[",
">",
"0",
".",
"5",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
"]",
"and",
"leukocytosis",
")",
",",
"so",
"he",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"cefotaxime",
",",
"and",
"azithromycin",
"was",
"added",
"after",
"receiving",
"the",
"serological",
"results",
".",
"Serologies",
"(",
"Epstein-Barr",
"virus",
"[",
"EBV",
"]",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
",",
"Mycoplasma",
",",
"parvovirus",
")",
"were",
"positive",
"(",
"IgM",
")",
"for",
"Mycoplasma",
",",
"EBV",
"and",
"parvovirus",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"on",
"cefuroxime",
"axetil",
".",
"Specific",
"IgE",
"determinations",
"(",
"cefaclor",
",",
"amoxicillin",
",",
"penicillin",
"G",
")",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Patch",
"tests",
"(",
"amoxicillin",
",",
"ampicillin",
",",
"bacampicillin",
",",
"cloxacillin",
",",
"penicillin",
"V",
",",
"penicillin",
"G",
",",
"cephalexin",
"and",
"cefixime",
")",
"were",
"positive",
"(",
"positive",
"readings",
"at",
"48",
"and",
"96",
"hours",
",",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"recommendations",
"of",
"the",
"Contact",
"Dermatitis",
"Research",
"Group",
")",
"with",
"amoxicillin",
"and",
"ampicillin",
".",
"Parents",
"declined",
"continuation",
"of",
"the",
"study",
"(",
"prick",
"and",
"intradermal",
"skin",
"tests",
"with",
"late",
"reading",
")",
".",
"Results",
":",
"We",
"present",
"a",
"case",
"of",
"MS",
"with",
"positive",
"allergological",
"study",
"to",
"aminopenicillins",
"and",
"serological",
"confirmation",
"of",
"active",
"infection",
".",
"The",
"double",
"etiological",
"confirmation",
"raises",
"the",
"need",
"to",
"evaluate",
"the",
"involvement",
"of",
"drugs",
"in",
"similar",
"cases",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 831,
"end": 841
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 879,
"end": 889
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 808,
"end": 811
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 891,
"end": 894
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 788,
"end": 806
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 814,
"end": 829
},
{
"text": "parvovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 843,
"end": 853
},
{
"text": "parvovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 899,
"end": 909
}
] | en |
A 32-year-old man consulted for: headache, cough with haemoptotic episodes, pleuritic pain and febrile fever of 5 days' evolution. No history of interest, he had a frontal piercing. Physical examination was unremarkable. CRP 353, leucocytes 21000, 17000 neutrophils. Chest X-ray showed cavitary condensation in LSD. Admitted for suspected TB with prophylactic treatment with Augmentine.
During admission, urgent Auramine was negative and the study continued. Motor aphasia, fever, elevated acute phase reactants and decreased level of consciousness. Thoracic CT scan: multiple nodules with areas of cavitation suggesting septic embolism. Cranial CT scan: left frontal hypodense area and in corona radiata. Augmentine was replaced by Meropenem and Linezolid. Echocardiogram, BAS, BAL normal. Brain MRI: acute subdural empyema. The collection was surgically drained and a sample was sent for study. Metronidazole was added and the patient progressed favourably.
Brain abscess culture positive for Prevotella melaninogenica and Parvimonar micra. Maxillofacial C. extracts the frontal piercing that caused the brain infection at the origin of the infection. On discharge the patient continued with Augmentine and progressed favourably.
| [
"A",
"32-year-old",
"man",
"consulted",
"for",
":",
"headache",
",",
"cough",
"with",
"haemoptotic",
"episodes",
",",
"pleuritic",
"pain",
"and",
"febrile",
"fever",
"of",
"5",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"No",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"he",
"had",
"a",
"frontal",
"piercing",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
".",
"CRP",
"353",
",",
"leucocytes",
"21000",
",",
"17000",
"neutrophils",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"cavitary",
"condensation",
"in",
"LSD",
".",
"Admitted",
"for",
"suspected",
"TB",
"with",
"prophylactic",
"treatment",
"with",
"Augmentine",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"urgent",
"Auramine",
"was",
"negative",
"and",
"the",
"study",
"continued",
".",
"Motor",
"aphasia",
",",
"fever",
",",
"elevated",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"and",
"decreased",
"level",
"of",
"consciousness",
".",
"Thoracic",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"multiple",
"nodules",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"cavitation",
"suggesting",
"septic",
"embolism",
".",
"Cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"left",
"frontal",
"hypodense",
"area",
"and",
"in",
"corona",
"radiata",
".",
"Augmentine",
"was",
"replaced",
"by",
"Meropenem",
"and",
"Linezolid",
".",
"Echocardiogram",
",",
"BAS",
",",
"BAL",
"normal",
".",
"Brain",
"MRI",
":",
"acute",
"subdural",
"empyema",
".",
"The",
"collection",
"was",
"surgically",
"drained",
"and",
"a",
"sample",
"was",
"sent",
"for",
"study",
".",
"Metronidazole",
"was",
"added",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"progressed",
"favourably",
".",
"Brain",
"abscess",
"culture",
"positive",
"for",
"Prevotella",
"melaninogenica",
"and",
"Parvimonar",
"micra",
".",
"Maxillofacial",
"C",
".",
"extracts",
"the",
"frontal",
"piercing",
"that",
"caused",
"the",
"brain",
"infection",
"at",
"the",
"origin",
"of",
"the",
"infection",
".",
"On",
"discharge",
"the",
"patient",
"continued",
"with",
"Augmentine",
"and",
"progressed",
"favourably",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 929,
"end": 936
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1171,
"end": 1178
},
{
"text": "Parvimonar micra",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1025,
"end": 1041
}
] | en |
A 67 year old woman who presented with untreated inverse psoriasis and had undergone total knee replacement surgery a year and a half earlier. Three months prior to her admission she presented various dermatological problems consisting of recurrent outbreaks of eczema, folliculitis and intértrigo treated with antihistamines, azithromycin, fluticasone and fusidic acid cream, and irritated actinic keratoses treated with methylprednisolone aceponate cream. One month before admission she presented frequent vaginal discomfort with intense pruritus that she treated empirically with clotrimazole ointment and ointment on suspicion of candidiasis, with very little clinical improvement. A week before her arrival at the emergency department she had a fever of up to 40oC, of 36-48 hours of evolution, with no clear initial focus, but 24 hours after the febrile episode she presented, without previous trauma and at rest, rapidly progressive pain and functional impotence of the left knee with an increase in its circumference. She was seen in the emergency department, where an examination showed clear signs of phlogosis: warmth, erythema and an increase in the circumference of the knee. X-rays showed an increase in the anterior joint space with no involvement of Hoffa's fat or prosthetic mobilisation. Laboratory tests showed lactate 16.1 mg/dl, C-reactive protein 398.9 mg/l, normal renal function, Hb 13 g/dl, leukocytes 13180/mcl with 9710 neutrophils/mcl, platelets 231000/mcl, INR 1.13, AP 82%, APTT 32.9 sec, fibrinogen 1039 mg/dl. Diagnostic and evacuative arthrocentesis was performed, resulting in 50 cc of yellowish cloudy synovial fluid, which was sent to the laboratory for cytobiochemistry and culture.
Differential diagnosis
The patient was a 67-year-old woman with little history of interest, who had undergone total left knee replacement surgery 19 months previously, with no postoperative complications. After an acute, self-limited febrile peak, she presented with local inflammatory signs in the operated knee.
In the differential diagnosis, we must consider the main pathologies that can lead to the development of monoarthritis:
- Arthritis due to microcrystal deposition: the first option to consider in the differential diagnosis due to its frequency of occurrence and its clinical similarity to arthritis of infectious origin (calcium oxalate, calcium pyrophosphate or pseudogout, hydroxyapatite, monosodium urate). Although the coexistence of both entities is an infrequent phenomenon, this possibility must be taken into account.
- Post-traumatic arthritis: ruled out in the absence of previous trauma.
- Haemarthrosis. Rapid onset joint effusion with functional impotence leads us to consider this possibility. However, haemarthrosis is not usually accompanied by fever, unless there is superinfection, and is more common in people with a history of congenital or acquired coagulopathy, recent trauma or anticoagulant treatment, none of these predisposing factors being present in our patient.
- Inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, etc.). She has a joint effusion with fever; however, the joint fluid is cloudy in appearance and there are no other signs and symptoms to support the possibility of autoimmune disease.
- Infection of prosthetic joint. The patient presents with local inflammatory signs and cloudy joint fluid in the prosthetic knee. Due to the chronology of the infection, we must make a differential diagnosis between a late-onset post-surgical infection or an acute haematogenous infection. The abrupt form of presentation and the accompanying symptoms would support the second option.
Evolution
Biochemical analysis of the synovial fluid showed 123,621 leukocytes/mcl, of which 81% were polymorphonuclear, glucose 1 mg/dl, protein 5.7 g/dl, LDH 4054 U/L. Surgical lavage of the joint cavity with polyethylene replacement was scheduled. Given the clinical stability of the patient on admission and the absence of fever, it was decided to postpone antibiotic treatment to surgery in order to increase the yield of intraoperative cultures. However, the scheduling of the surgery was delayed for several days, due to problems of operating room availability. On previously knowing the results of the culture of the synovial fluid extracted by arthrocentesis, with isolation of S. agalactiae, it was decided to start targeted antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone 2 grams every 24 hours. In the operating theatre, abundant purulent exudate was observed and exhaustive debridement and lavage with abundant saline was performed. Six samples of joint fluid were obtained during surgery and sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture. Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from 3 of the 6 intraoperative samples. The Gram stain was positive, showing cocci in chains.
The detailed anamnesis highlighted the history of intense vulvar pruritus secondary to dermal lesions, resistant to the prescribed treatments, which caused scratching lesions. The detailed examination did not find any other possible entry point for the subsequent haematogenous dissemination of the isolated germ, which is common in the vaginal flora. The patient was assessed by gynaecology on admission and a hyperkeratotic lesion was found on the inner face and upper third of both labia majora, compatible with lichen planus. A sample of vaginal exudate was taken for microbiological culture, the result of which was negative.
After surgery, a week of intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone 2 g/24 hours was completed, showing a good clinical evolution and a decrease in acute phase reactants. On discharge, the patient was transferred to oral treatment with amoxicillin 1 g/6 h and rifampicin 600 mg/24 h for a further 7 weeks. Subsequently, the patient was followed up on an outpatient basis, and a good clinical course was observed.
Final diagnosis
Acute haematogenous infection of knee prosthesis secondary to Streptococcus agalactiae bacteraemia of genital origin due to scratching lesions on vulvar eczema.
| [
"A",
"67",
"year",
"old",
"woman",
"who",
"presented",
"with",
"untreated",
"inverse",
"psoriasis",
"and",
"had",
"undergone",
"total",
"knee",
"replacement",
"surgery",
"a",
"year",
"and",
"a",
"half",
"earlier",
".",
"Three",
"months",
"prior",
"to",
"her",
"admission",
"she",
"presented",
"various",
"dermatological",
"problems",
"consisting",
"of",
"recurrent",
"outbreaks",
"of",
"eczema",
",",
"folliculitis",
"and",
"intértrigo",
"treated",
"with",
"antihistamines",
",",
"azithromycin",
",",
"fluticasone",
"and",
"fusidic",
"acid",
"cream",
",",
"and",
"irritated",
"actinic",
"keratoses",
"treated",
"with",
"methylprednisolone",
"aceponate",
"cream",
".",
"One",
"month",
"before",
"admission",
"she",
"presented",
"frequent",
"vaginal",
"discomfort",
"with",
"intense",
"pruritus",
"that",
"she",
"treated",
"empirically",
"with",
"clotrimazole",
"ointment",
"and",
"ointment",
"on",
"suspicion",
"of",
"candidiasis",
",",
"with",
"very",
"little",
"clinical",
"improvement",
".",
"A",
"week",
"before",
"her",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"she",
"had",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"40oC",
",",
"of",
"36-48",
"hours",
"of",
"evolution",
",",
"with",
"no",
"clear",
"initial",
"focus",
",",
"but",
"24",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"febrile",
"episode",
"she",
"presented",
",",
"without",
"previous",
"trauma",
"and",
"at",
"rest",
",",
"rapidly",
"progressive",
"pain",
"and",
"functional",
"impotence",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"knee",
"with",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"its",
"circumference",
".",
"She",
"was",
"seen",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"where",
"an",
"examination",
"showed",
"clear",
"signs",
"of",
"phlogosis",
":",
"warmth",
",",
"erythema",
"and",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"circumference",
"of",
"the",
"knee",
".",
"X-rays",
"showed",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"joint",
"space",
"with",
"no",
"involvement",
"of",
"Hoffa",
"'",
"s",
"fat",
"or",
"prosthetic",
"mobilisation",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"lactate",
"16",
".",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"398",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
",",
"normal",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"Hb",
"13",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"leukocytes",
"13180",
"/",
"mcl",
"with",
"9710",
"neutrophils",
"/",
"mcl",
",",
"platelets",
"231000",
"/",
"mcl",
",",
"INR",
"1",
".",
"13",
",",
"AP",
"82",
"%",
",",
"APTT",
"32",
".",
"9",
"sec",
",",
"fibrinogen",
"1039",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Diagnostic",
"and",
"evacuative",
"arthrocentesis",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"resulting",
"in",
"50",
"cc",
"of",
"yellowish",
"cloudy",
"synovial",
"fluid",
",",
"which",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"laboratory",
"for",
"cytobiochemistry",
"and",
"culture",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"a",
"67-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"little",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"who",
"had",
"undergone",
"total",
"left",
"knee",
"replacement",
"surgery",
"19",
"months",
"previously",
",",
"with",
"no",
"postoperative",
"complications",
".",
"After",
"an",
"acute",
",",
"self-limited",
"febrile",
"peak",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"local",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
"in",
"the",
"operated",
"knee",
".",
"In",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
",",
"we",
"must",
"consider",
"the",
"main",
"pathologies",
"that",
"can",
"lead",
"to",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"monoarthritis",
":",
"-",
"Arthritis",
"due",
"to",
"microcrystal",
"deposition",
":",
"the",
"first",
"option",
"to",
"consider",
"in",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"due",
"to",
"its",
"frequency",
"of",
"occurrence",
"and",
"its",
"clinical",
"similarity",
"to",
"arthritis",
"of",
"infectious",
"origin",
"(",
"calcium",
"oxalate",
",",
"calcium",
"pyrophosphate",
"or",
"pseudogout",
",",
"hydroxyapatite",
",",
"monosodium",
"urate",
")",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"coexistence",
"of",
"both",
"entities",
"is",
"an",
"infrequent",
"phenomenon",
",",
"this",
"possibility",
"must",
"be",
"taken",
"into",
"account",
".",
"-",
"Post-traumatic",
"arthritis",
":",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"previous",
"trauma",
".",
"-",
"Haemarthrosis",
".",
"Rapid",
"onset",
"joint",
"effusion",
"with",
"functional",
"impotence",
"leads",
"us",
"to",
"consider",
"this",
"possibility",
".",
"However",
",",
"haemarthrosis",
"is",
"not",
"usually",
"accompanied",
"by",
"fever",
",",
"unless",
"there",
"is",
"superinfection",
",",
"and",
"is",
"more",
"common",
"in",
"people",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"congenital",
"or",
"acquired",
"coagulopathy",
",",
"recent",
"trauma",
"or",
"anticoagulant",
"treatment",
",",
"none",
"of",
"these",
"predisposing",
"factors",
"being",
"present",
"in",
"our",
"patient",
".",
"-",
"Inflammatory",
"diseases",
"(",
"rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
",",
"lupus",
",",
"etc",
".",
")",
".",
"She",
"has",
"a",
"joint",
"effusion",
"with",
"fever",
";",
"however",
",",
"the",
"joint",
"fluid",
"is",
"cloudy",
"in",
"appearance",
"and",
"there",
"are",
"no",
"other",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"to",
"support",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"autoimmune",
"disease",
".",
"-",
"Infection",
"of",
"prosthetic",
"joint",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"presents",
"with",
"local",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
"and",
"cloudy",
"joint",
"fluid",
"in",
"the",
"prosthetic",
"knee",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"chronology",
"of",
"the",
"infection",
",",
"we",
"must",
"make",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"between",
"a",
"late-onset",
"post-surgical",
"infection",
"or",
"an",
"acute",
"haematogenous",
"infection",
".",
"The",
"abrupt",
"form",
"of",
"presentation",
"and",
"the",
"accompanying",
"symptoms",
"would",
"support",
"the",
"second",
"option",
".",
"Evolution",
"Biochemical",
"analysis",
"of",
"the",
"synovial",
"fluid",
"showed",
"123",
",",
"621",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mcl",
",",
"of",
"which",
"81",
"%",
"were",
"polymorphonuclear",
",",
"glucose",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"protein",
"5",
".",
"7",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"LDH",
"4054",
"U",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Surgical",
"lavage",
"of",
"the",
"joint",
"cavity",
"with",
"polyethylene",
"replacement",
"was",
"scheduled",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"stability",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"on",
"admission",
"and",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"postpone",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"to",
"surgery",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"increase",
"the",
"yield",
"of",
"intraoperative",
"cultures",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"scheduling",
"of",
"the",
"surgery",
"was",
"delayed",
"for",
"several",
"days",
",",
"due",
"to",
"problems",
"of",
"operating",
"room",
"availability",
".",
"On",
"previously",
"knowing",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"culture",
"of",
"the",
"synovial",
"fluid",
"extracted",
"by",
"arthrocentesis",
",",
"with",
"isolation",
"of",
"S",
".",
"agalactiae",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
"grams",
"every",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"In",
"the",
"operating",
"theatre",
",",
"abundant",
"purulent",
"exudate",
"was",
"observed",
"and",
"exhaustive",
"debridement",
"and",
"lavage",
"with",
"abundant",
"saline",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"Six",
"samples",
"of",
"joint",
"fluid",
"were",
"obtained",
"during",
"surgery",
"and",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"microbiology",
"laboratory",
"for",
"culture",
".",
"Streptococcus",
"agalactiae",
"was",
"isolated",
"from",
"3",
"of",
"the",
"6",
"intraoperative",
"samples",
".",
"The",
"Gram",
"stain",
"was",
"positive",
",",
"showing",
"cocci",
"in",
"chains",
".",
"The",
"detailed",
"anamnesis",
"highlighted",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"intense",
"vulvar",
"pruritus",
"secondary",
"to",
"dermal",
"lesions",
",",
"resistant",
"to",
"the",
"prescribed",
"treatments",
",",
"which",
"caused",
"scratching",
"lesions",
".",
"The",
"detailed",
"examination",
"did",
"not",
"find",
"any",
"other",
"possible",
"entry",
"point",
"for",
"the",
"subsequent",
"haematogenous",
"dissemination",
"of",
"the",
"isolated",
"germ",
",",
"which",
"is",
"common",
"in",
"the",
"vaginal",
"flora",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"assessed",
"by",
"gynaecology",
"on",
"admission",
"and",
"a",
"hyperkeratotic",
"lesion",
"was",
"found",
"on",
"the",
"inner",
"face",
"and",
"upper",
"third",
"of",
"both",
"labia",
"majora",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"lichen",
"planus",
".",
"A",
"sample",
"of",
"vaginal",
"exudate",
"was",
"taken",
"for",
"microbiological",
"culture",
",",
"the",
"result",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"After",
"surgery",
",",
"a",
"week",
"of",
"intravenous",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"24",
"hours",
"was",
"completed",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"good",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"and",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
".",
"On",
"discharge",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"oral",
"treatment",
"with",
"amoxicillin",
"1",
"g",
"/",
"6",
"h",
"and",
"rifampicin",
"600",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
"for",
"a",
"further",
"7",
"weeks",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"followed",
"up",
"on",
"an",
"outpatient",
"basis",
",",
"and",
"a",
"good",
"clinical",
"course",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Acute",
"haematogenous",
"infection",
"of",
"knee",
"prosthesis",
"secondary",
"to",
"Streptococcus",
"agalactiae",
"bacteraemia",
"of",
"genital",
"origin",
"due",
"to",
"scratching",
"lesions",
"on",
"vulvar",
"eczema",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1774,
"end": 1779
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1748,
"end": 1755
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3017,
"end": 3024
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3302,
"end": 3309
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus agalactiae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4697,
"end": 4721
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3939,
"end": 3946
},
{
"text": "S. agalactiae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4339,
"end": 4352
},
{
"text": "germ",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5137,
"end": 5141
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5185,
"end": 5192
},
{
"text": "vaginal flora",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5166,
"end": 5179
}
] | en |
83-year-old woman with left hip prosthesis. Hospitalised on the 27th post-arthroplasty day due to pain in the left hip and dehiscence of the operative wound with serohematic secretion. She was started on antibiotics (meropenem/vancomycin) and three surgical cleanings were performed. In the last cleaning, a dense whitish secretion was observed at the neck and head of the prosthesis. Samples were taken for culture. Five days later Fusarium sp. was isolated and amphotericin B deoxycholate was started for ten days, followed by oral voriconazole for four months with favourable evolution.
| [
"83-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"left",
"hip",
"prosthesis",
".",
"Hospitalised",
"on",
"the",
"27th",
"post-arthroplasty",
"day",
"due",
"to",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hip",
"and",
"dehiscence",
"of",
"the",
"operative",
"wound",
"with",
"serohematic",
"secretion",
".",
"She",
"was",
"started",
"on",
"antibiotics",
"(",
"meropenem",
"/",
"vancomycin",
")",
"and",
"three",
"surgical",
"cleanings",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"In",
"the",
"last",
"cleaning",
",",
"a",
"dense",
"whitish",
"secretion",
"was",
"observed",
"at",
"the",
"neck",
"and",
"head",
"of",
"the",
"prosthesis",
".",
"Samples",
"were",
"taken",
"for",
"culture",
".",
"Five",
"days",
"later",
"Fusarium",
"sp",
".",
"was",
"isolated",
"and",
"amphotericin",
"B",
"deoxycholate",
"was",
"started",
"for",
"ten",
"days",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"oral",
"voriconazole",
"for",
"four",
"months",
"with",
"favourable",
"evolution",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "Fusarium sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 433,
"end": 444
}
] | en |
Reason for consultation
Insomnia and anxiety.
Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests).
The patient came to the clinic because she reported feeling very restless and had been unable to fall asleep for several days. After a few minutes in the consultation room, she finally tells us that she works as a prostitute and that a fortnight ago her condom broke and that since then she "can't stop thinking about whether there is something wrong with her". On reviewing her history, we see that she has consulted on multiple occasions for the same reason.
The patient has no personal history of interest. NAMC. No surgical interventions. The patient denies any other symptoms. No genital complaints. No general condition. No fever.
Conscious and oriented. BEG. BH.BP. ACP. Rhythmic without murmurs. VCM without noises.
Examination of the genitalia (no lymphadenopathy, ulcers or external signs of infection are evident).
Family and community approach
The patient lives with her daughter and two grandchildren and reports being worried about them in case "something might happen to them".
Clinical judgement (list of problems, differential diagnosis)
Contraceptive method failure in at-risk population. Transient insomnia.
Action plan and evolution
We request analyses with serology for syphilis, H H V, HAV, HBV, HCV. We request cytology.
We make recommendations regarding STD prevention:
1- Recommendations:
Do not share sharp or cutting objects.
Your partner or trusted client may be infected without knowing it and transmit the infection.
2-Main warning signs of STIs:
Lesions on the genitals (sores, scabs, oozing, inflammation etc.) Increased vaginal discharge with pain and unpleasant odour.
Persistent itching or burning.
However, many STIs can go unnoticed.
3. How are STIs transmitted?
By sexual transmission. Vaginal, anal or oral-genital sex without a condom with an infected person.
By blood. Through sharp or cutting elements shared with other people: razors, needles, syringes, piercing and tattooing tools.
Perinatal route. During pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.
4- How is HIV not transmitted?
By living or working with an infected person.
By shaking hands, kissing, caressing or hugging.
By sharing clothes, plates, cutlery, glasses, showers or toilets.
| [
"Reason",
"for",
"consultation",
"Insomnia",
"and",
"anxiety",
".",
"Individual",
"approach",
"(",
"anamnesis",
",",
"examination",
",",
"complementary",
"tests",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"clinic",
"because",
"she",
"reported",
"feeling",
"very",
"restless",
"and",
"had",
"been",
"unable",
"to",
"fall",
"asleep",
"for",
"several",
"days",
".",
"After",
"a",
"few",
"minutes",
"in",
"the",
"consultation",
"room",
",",
"she",
"finally",
"tells",
"us",
"that",
"she",
"works",
"as",
"a",
"prostitute",
"and",
"that",
"a",
"fortnight",
"ago",
"her",
"condom",
"broke",
"and",
"that",
"since",
"then",
"she",
"\"",
"can",
"'",
"t",
"stop",
"thinking",
"about",
"whether",
"there",
"is",
"something",
"wrong",
"with",
"her",
"\"",
".",
"On",
"reviewing",
"her",
"history",
",",
"we",
"see",
"that",
"she",
"has",
"consulted",
"on",
"multiple",
"occasions",
"for",
"the",
"same",
"reason",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"has",
"no",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"NAMC",
".",
"No",
"surgical",
"interventions",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"denies",
"any",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"No",
"genital",
"complaints",
".",
"No",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"No",
"fever",
".",
"Conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
".",
"BEG",
".",
"BH",
".",
"BP",
".",
"ACP",
".",
"Rhythmic",
"without",
"murmurs",
".",
"VCM",
"without",
"noises",
".",
"Examination",
"of",
"the",
"genitalia",
"(",
"no",
"lymphadenopathy",
",",
"ulcers",
"or",
"external",
"signs",
"of",
"infection",
"are",
"evident",
")",
".",
"Family",
"and",
"community",
"approach",
"The",
"patient",
"lives",
"with",
"her",
"daughter",
"and",
"two",
"grandchildren",
"and",
"reports",
"being",
"worried",
"about",
"them",
"in",
"case",
"\"",
"something",
"might",
"happen",
"to",
"them",
"\"",
".",
"Clinical",
"judgement",
"(",
"list",
"of",
"problems",
",",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
")",
"Contraceptive",
"method",
"failure",
"in",
"at-risk",
"population",
".",
"Transient",
"insomnia",
".",
"Action",
"plan",
"and",
"evolution",
"We",
"request",
"analyses",
"with",
"serology",
"for",
"syphilis",
",",
"H",
"H",
"V",
",",
"HAV",
",",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
".",
"We",
"request",
"cytology",
".",
"We",
"make",
"recommendations",
"regarding",
"STD",
"prevention",
":",
"1",
"-",
"Recommendations",
":",
"Do",
"not",
"share",
"sharp",
"or",
"cutting",
"objects",
".",
"Your",
"partner",
"or",
"trusted",
"client",
"may",
"be",
"infected",
"without",
"knowing",
"it",
"and",
"transmit",
"the",
"infection",
".",
"2-Main",
"warning",
"signs",
"of",
"STIs",
":",
"Lesions",
"on",
"the",
"genitals",
"(",
"sores",
",",
"scabs",
",",
"oozing",
",",
"inflammation",
"etc",
".",
")",
"Increased",
"vaginal",
"discharge",
"with",
"pain",
"and",
"unpleasant",
"odour",
".",
"Persistent",
"itching",
"or",
"burning",
".",
"However",
",",
"many",
"STIs",
"can",
"go",
"unnoticed",
".",
"3",
".",
"How",
"are",
"STIs",
"transmitted",
"?",
"By",
"sexual",
"transmission",
".",
"Vaginal",
",",
"anal",
"or",
"oral-genital",
"sex",
"without",
"a",
"condom",
"with",
"an",
"infected",
"person",
".",
"By",
"blood",
".",
"Through",
"sharp",
"or",
"cutting",
"elements",
"shared",
"with",
"other",
"people",
":",
"razors",
",",
"needles",
",",
"syringes",
",",
"piercing",
"and",
"tattooing",
"tools",
".",
"Perinatal",
"route",
".",
"During",
"pregnancy",
",",
"childbirth",
"or",
"breastfeeding",
".",
"4",
"-",
"How",
"is",
"HIV",
"not",
"transmitted",
"?",
"By",
"living",
"or",
"working",
"with",
"an",
"infected",
"person",
".",
"By",
"shaking",
"hands",
",",
"kissing",
",",
"caressing",
"or",
"hugging",
".",
"By",
"sharing",
"clothes",
",",
"plates",
",",
"cutlery",
",",
"glasses",
",",
"showers",
"or",
"toilets",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Individual",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 47,
"end": 57
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 118,
"end": 125
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 579,
"end": 586
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 661,
"end": 668
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 594,
"end": 602
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 941,
"end": 947
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 975,
"end": 982
},
{
"text": "daughter",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 998,
"end": 1006
},
{
"text": "grandchildren",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1015,
"end": 1028
},
{
"text": "population",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1211,
"end": 1221
},
{
"text": "HAV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1325,
"end": 1328
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1330,
"end": 1333
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1335,
"end": 1338
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1308,
"end": 1316
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1476,
"end": 1483
},
{
"text": "client",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1495,
"end": 1501
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1912,
"end": 1918
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2122,
"end": 2125
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2181,
"end": 2187
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 19-year-old male from Morocco came to our dermatology emergency department due to asymptomatic generalised skin lesions of 2 months' evolution that appeared coinciding with a recent trip to his country. The anamnesis revealed no fever or other symptoms. He had no personal history of interest and was not taking any regular treatment. He was single, lived with three cats at home, apparently healthy, and denied having any other affected family members. He said that he had applied an antifungal cream without improvement. Six months ago, he had been diagnosed with Trychophyton rubrum on the nail of the first finger of the right hand and had been treated with an oral and topical antifungal for one month with poor response.
Physical examination
On dermatological examination he presented nummular plaques of variable size, erythematous, well-defined, active, raised, scaly, erythematous borders with central clearing located on the right frontal region, right cervical region, abdomen and fingers of the right hand. On the first finger of the right hand there was onychodystrophy and yellowing of the nail plate and distal onycholysis.
Additional examinations
It was decided to collect a sample of the scales of the abdominal lesion with carpet for fungal culture.
Diagnosis
Given the clinical and microbiological findings, a diagnosis of tinea corporis secondary to onychomycosis of the nail of the first finger of the right hand was made. The culture at one month was positive for Trichophyton rubrum.
Treatment
Treatment was started with oral Terbinafine 250 mg every 24 hours for a minimum of 3 months for nail and body involvement and topical Miconazole 2 times a day for 4 weeks for body lesions.
Evolution
Laboratory tests with liver profile were requested 4 weeks after starting treatment. After 6 weeks, the patient visited the dermatology department for a check-up and the skin lesions had disappeared and the affected nail plate had grown healthy. Laboratory results showed no findings of interest. She showed no new recurrences during follow-up.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"19-year-old",
"male",
"from",
"Morocco",
"came",
"to",
"our",
"dermatology",
"emergency",
"department",
"due",
"to",
"asymptomatic",
"generalised",
"skin",
"lesions",
"of",
"2",
"months",
"'",
"evolution",
"that",
"appeared",
"coinciding",
"with",
"a",
"recent",
"trip",
"to",
"his",
"country",
".",
"The",
"anamnesis",
"revealed",
"no",
"fever",
"or",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"and",
"was",
"not",
"taking",
"any",
"regular",
"treatment",
".",
"He",
"was",
"single",
",",
"lived",
"with",
"three",
"cats",
"at",
"home",
",",
"apparently",
"healthy",
",",
"and",
"denied",
"having",
"any",
"other",
"affected",
"family",
"members",
".",
"He",
"said",
"that",
"he",
"had",
"applied",
"an",
"antifungal",
"cream",
"without",
"improvement",
".",
"Six",
"months",
"ago",
",",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"Trychophyton",
"rubrum",
"on",
"the",
"nail",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"finger",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
"and",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"an",
"oral",
"and",
"topical",
"antifungal",
"for",
"one",
"month",
"with",
"poor",
"response",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"On",
"dermatological",
"examination",
"he",
"presented",
"nummular",
"plaques",
"of",
"variable",
"size",
",",
"erythematous",
",",
"well-defined",
",",
"active",
",",
"raised",
",",
"scaly",
",",
"erythematous",
"borders",
"with",
"central",
"clearing",
"located",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"frontal",
"region",
",",
"right",
"cervical",
"region",
",",
"abdomen",
"and",
"fingers",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
".",
"On",
"the",
"first",
"finger",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
"there",
"was",
"onychodystrophy",
"and",
"yellowing",
"of",
"the",
"nail",
"plate",
"and",
"distal",
"onycholysis",
".",
"Additional",
"examinations",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"collect",
"a",
"sample",
"of",
"the",
"scales",
"of",
"the",
"abdominal",
"lesion",
"with",
"carpet",
"for",
"fungal",
"culture",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"and",
"microbiological",
"findings",
",",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"tinea",
"corporis",
"secondary",
"to",
"onychomycosis",
"of",
"the",
"nail",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"finger",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
"was",
"made",
".",
"The",
"culture",
"at",
"one",
"month",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"Trichophyton",
"rubrum",
".",
"Treatment",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"oral",
"Terbinafine",
"250",
"mg",
"every",
"24",
"hours",
"for",
"a",
"minimum",
"of",
"3",
"months",
"for",
"nail",
"and",
"body",
"involvement",
"and",
"topical",
"Miconazole",
"2",
"times",
"a",
"day",
"for",
"4",
"weeks",
"for",
"body",
"lesions",
".",
"Evolution",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"with",
"liver",
"profile",
"were",
"requested",
"4",
"weeks",
"after",
"starting",
"treatment",
".",
"After",
"6",
"weeks",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"visited",
"the",
"dermatology",
"department",
"for",
"a",
"check-up",
"and",
"the",
"skin",
"lesions",
"had",
"disappeared",
"and",
"the",
"affected",
"nail",
"plate",
"had",
"grown",
"healthy",
".",
"Laboratory",
"results",
"showed",
"no",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"She",
"showed",
"no",
"new",
"recurrences",
"during",
"follow-up",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 28
},
{
"text": "antifungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 497,
"end": 507
},
{
"text": "antifungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 694,
"end": 704
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 450,
"end": 456
},
{
"text": "cats",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 379,
"end": 383
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 276,
"end": 284
},
{
"text": "Trychophyton rubrum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 578,
"end": 597
},
{
"text": "fungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1267,
"end": 1273
},
{
"text": "Trichophyton rubrum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1502,
"end": 1521
}
] | en |
This is a 26 year old patient who was referred from the Mental Health Unit (USM) for scheduled admission to the Medium Stay Unit (UME). His personal psychiatric history includes an admission to the Short Stay Unit (SSU) in September 2016 (aged 24 years) for 29 days with clinical judgement at discharge of "Unspecified psychotic disorder (F29 of ICD-10)" and "Harmful use of cannabis in early partial remission (F12.1 of ICD-10)" being treated with Aripripazol 30 mg, Zuclopenthixol 200 mg, Risperidone 6 mg, Biperidene retard 4 mg and Diazepam 10 mg.
Subsequent follow-up in USM by psychiatry, having been treated with Diazepam (up to 15 mg/day), Biperidene retard 4 mg and Paliperidone Palmitate in different presentations. Since February 2017, he has also been monitored by clinical psychology and assessed by a social worker.
His biographical background is characterised by currently living with his mother and maternal grandmother in the family home. Parents divorced in 2008. In addition, she has an older sister, born in 1988, with whom she lived previously. She shows good social network support. No partner (former relationship of 7 years). Studies up to 2nd year of Bachillerato (unfinished) and has a diving course. Sporadic work as a waiter and paid gamer, as far as he reports. He has no income of his own at present and is not civilly incapacitated. Harmful use of cannabis since the age of 18 (3-5 joints per week) accompanied by a moderate alcoholic habit, mainly at weekends.
He was accompanied by his father at the initial interview for admission to the EMU. The patient has had a torpid evolution, with no remission of psychotic symptoms or cessation of his cannabis habit. He has been living at his mother's house with partially maladapted functioning in terms of time keeping, although he collaborates in household chores and in the care of his grandmother. According to the relative, he presents disorganised sleeping habits, eating, activities, etc. He also comments that on many days he does not take his medication or does not take it correctly in relation to the schedule. The patient does not deny all of this and argues it with a feeling of apathy. There is no awareness of illness ("nothing is wrong with me") and he thinks that stopping cannabis consumption will not bring him any benefit. Even so, he accepts admission to the EMU as positive. He spontaneously reports the presence of "strange ideas" and sensory-perceptual alterations (which he does not agree to describe) without any type of behavioural repercussions.
In the psychopathological examination carried out during the interview, the patient appears conscious and oriented in time, space and person. Good appearance and personal care in general. Reacts appropriately to the interview. Calm and relaxed, if somewhat restrained, demeanour. Speaks little in response to questions asked. Language without alterations in thought form and structure. No foreground psychotic symptoms. Hypothymia, anhedonia and partial abulia; no impression of major affective symptoms. Circadian rhythm disturbance. Normorexia. Olfactory and kinesthetic hallucinations. Adequate functioning is observed in the parent-child relationship, although the patient refuses to receive visits from relatives except for his sister.
The objectives of the admission proposed by the unit's team with the patient are:
To limit THC consumption and establish the relationship between this and the clinical psychopathology.
To achieve clinical stability.
To work on awareness of the illness.
Start treatment with Clozapine.
Achieve good tolerance and adherence to treatment.
NURSING CARE PROCESS
The nursing team carries out an assessment on admission and subsequent care of the patient.
Assessment stage
This is carried out according to M. Gordon's functional patterns.
Pattern 1 - Perception and maintenance of health. Good appearance and personal care in general. The patient has difficulties in following the medication regimen. THC consumption. Altered pattern.
Pattern 2 - Nutritional and metabolic. Varied diet, usually prepared by his mother or grandmother at the home where he currently lives. Adequate weight for height. Disorganised mealtimes in recent weeks.
Pattern 3 - Elimination. Good intestinal transit.
Pattern 4 - Activity and exercise. Until recently she was going three times a week to a gym in her neighbourhood. Most of the day is spent at home, watching TV or just lying in bed. Altered pattern.
Pattern 5 - Sleep and rest. Poor maintenance of biorhythms. Imbalance in the hours of rest with tiredness and daytime sleepiness. Altered pattern.
Pattern 6 - Cognitive and perceptual. Conscious and oriented in time, space and person. Reacts appropriately to interview. Calm and relaxed, though somewhat restrained, demeanour.
Pattern 7 - Self-perception and self-concept. The patient has doubts about the usefulness of admission to the unit.
Pattern 8 - Role and relationships. Adequate functioning is observed in the parent-child relationship, although the patient refuses to receive visits from relatives except for his sister.
Pattern 9 - Sexuality and reproduction. He had a 7-year relationship with a girl that ended two years ago. On questioning he does not report that this has influenced the course of his illness.
Pattern 10 - Coping and stress tolerance. During the interview he is calm. He does not agree very much with the admission, but it does not cause him significant discomfort or anxiety according to what he tells us.
Pattern 11 - Values and beliefs. No data of interest in this pattern.
Diagnostic stage
Following the assessment, we detected the following problems using NANDA-II terminology:
00079 Non-compliance
00097 Deficit in recreational activities
00188 Tendency to engage in health-risk behaviours
00198 Sleep pattern disturbance
Planning stage
The following objectives and activities are planned according to the NOC and NIC taxonomies respectively:
00079 Non-compliance
NOC objectives:
1300 Acceptance of health status
1601 Compliance behaviour
1813 Knowledge: Therapeutic regimen
Interventions NIC:
2380 Medication management
4480 Facilitating self-responsibility
5616 Teaching: prescribed medication
Activities:
Review the patient's knowledge of each medication.
Encourage the patient to take as much responsibility for their own self-care as possible.
Review with the patient strategies for managing the medication regimen.
Observe the therapeutic effects of the medication on the patient.
00097 Deficit in recreational activities
NOC objectives:
1503 Social involvement
1604 Participation in leisure activities
Interventions NIC:
4310 Activity therapy
5100 Socialisation enhancement
5360 Entertainment therapy
Activities:
Helping the patient to identify activity preferences.
Encourage the patient to develop relationships.
Encourage involvement in entirely new interests.
Helping the patient to increase awareness of strengths and limitations in communicating with others.
To facilitate the patient's enthusiasm and planning for future activities.
00198 Sleep pattern disorder
NOC objectives:
0003 Rest
0004 Sleep
Interventions NIC:
2380 Medication management
5880 Relaxation technique
Activities:
Instruct patient on methods that decrease anxiety, as appropriate.
Determine the impact of medication use on the patient's lifestyle.
Develop strategies to manage side effects of medication.
00188 Tendency to engage in health risk behaviours
NOC objectives:
1603 Health seeking behaviour.
1700 Health beliefs
1902 Risk control
Interventions NIC:
5230 Enhancing coping
5510 Health education
6610 Risk identification
Activities:
Identify biological, environmental and behavioural risks and their interrelationships.
Identify typical coping strategies.
Plan long-term follow-up of risk reduction strategies and activities.
Stages of implementation and evaluation
From the beginning of his stay in the Medium Stay Unit, he comments on the stability of the clinical condition presented on admission. Good attitude towards healthcare staff and other patients, as well as good development of the activities proposed in the unit. On a psychopathological level, she refers to a persistent olfactory hallucination which she describes as an unpleasant and strong smell; despite this, it does not cause distress or strangeness, nor does it interfere with daily functioning. Biorhythms are also preserved. At the pharmacological level, treatment was started with Clozapine, up to a dose of 75 mg per day without notable side effects or pathological findings in complementary control tests.
| [
"This",
"is",
"a",
"26",
"year",
"old",
"patient",
"who",
"was",
"referred",
"from",
"the",
"Mental",
"Health",
"Unit",
"(",
"USM",
")",
"for",
"scheduled",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"Medium",
"Stay",
"Unit",
"(",
"UME",
")",
".",
"His",
"personal",
"psychiatric",
"history",
"includes",
"an",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"Short",
"Stay",
"Unit",
"(",
"SSU",
")",
"in",
"September",
"2016",
"(",
"aged",
"24",
"years",
")",
"for",
"29",
"days",
"with",
"clinical",
"judgement",
"at",
"discharge",
"of",
"\"",
"Unspecified",
"psychotic",
"disorder",
"(",
"F29",
"of",
"ICD-10",
")",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"Harmful",
"use",
"of",
"cannabis",
"in",
"early",
"partial",
"remission",
"(",
"F12",
".",
"1",
"of",
"ICD-10",
")",
"\"",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"Aripripazol",
"30",
"mg",
",",
"Zuclopenthixol",
"200",
"mg",
",",
"Risperidone",
"6",
"mg",
",",
"Biperidene",
"retard",
"4",
"mg",
"and",
"Diazepam",
"10",
"mg",
".",
"Subsequent",
"follow-up",
"in",
"USM",
"by",
"psychiatry",
",",
"having",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"Diazepam",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"15",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
")",
",",
"Biperidene",
"retard",
"4",
"mg",
"and",
"Paliperidone",
"Palmitate",
"in",
"different",
"presentations",
".",
"Since",
"February",
"2017",
",",
"he",
"has",
"also",
"been",
"monitored",
"by",
"clinical",
"psychology",
"and",
"assessed",
"by",
"a",
"social",
"worker",
".",
"His",
"biographical",
"background",
"is",
"characterised",
"by",
"currently",
"living",
"with",
"his",
"mother",
"and",
"maternal",
"grandmother",
"in",
"the",
"family",
"home",
".",
"Parents",
"divorced",
"in",
"2008",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"she",
"has",
"an",
"older",
"sister",
",",
"born",
"in",
"1988",
",",
"with",
"whom",
"she",
"lived",
"previously",
".",
"She",
"shows",
"good",
"social",
"network",
"support",
".",
"No",
"partner",
"(",
"former",
"relationship",
"of",
"7",
"years",
")",
".",
"Studies",
"up",
"to",
"2nd",
"year",
"of",
"Bachillerato",
"(",
"unfinished",
")",
"and",
"has",
"a",
"diving",
"course",
".",
"Sporadic",
"work",
"as",
"a",
"waiter",
"and",
"paid",
"gamer",
",",
"as",
"far",
"as",
"he",
"reports",
".",
"He",
"has",
"no",
"income",
"of",
"his",
"own",
"at",
"present",
"and",
"is",
"not",
"civilly",
"incapacitated",
".",
"Harmful",
"use",
"of",
"cannabis",
"since",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"18",
"(",
"3-5",
"joints",
"per",
"week",
")",
"accompanied",
"by",
"a",
"moderate",
"alcoholic",
"habit",
",",
"mainly",
"at",
"weekends",
".",
"He",
"was",
"accompanied",
"by",
"his",
"father",
"at",
"the",
"initial",
"interview",
"for",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"EMU",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"has",
"had",
"a",
"torpid",
"evolution",
",",
"with",
"no",
"remission",
"of",
"psychotic",
"symptoms",
"or",
"cessation",
"of",
"his",
"cannabis",
"habit",
".",
"He",
"has",
"been",
"living",
"at",
"his",
"mother",
"'",
"s",
"house",
"with",
"partially",
"maladapted",
"functioning",
"in",
"terms",
"of",
"time",
"keeping",
",",
"although",
"he",
"collaborates",
"in",
"household",
"chores",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"care",
"of",
"his",
"grandmother",
".",
"According",
"to",
"the",
"relative",
",",
"he",
"presents",
"disorganised",
"sleeping",
"habits",
",",
"eating",
",",
"activities",
",",
"etc",
".",
"He",
"also",
"comments",
"that",
"on",
"many",
"days",
"he",
"does",
"not",
"take",
"his",
"medication",
"or",
"does",
"not",
"take",
"it",
"correctly",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"the",
"schedule",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"does",
"not",
"deny",
"all",
"of",
"this",
"and",
"argues",
"it",
"with",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"apathy",
".",
"There",
"is",
"no",
"awareness",
"of",
"illness",
"(",
"\"",
"nothing",
"is",
"wrong",
"with",
"me",
"\"",
")",
"and",
"he",
"thinks",
"that",
"stopping",
"cannabis",
"consumption",
"will",
"not",
"bring",
"him",
"any",
"benefit",
".",
"Even",
"so",
",",
"he",
"accepts",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"EMU",
"as",
"positive",
".",
"He",
"spontaneously",
"reports",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"\"",
"strange",
"ideas",
"\"",
"and",
"sensory-perceptual",
"alterations",
"(",
"which",
"he",
"does",
"not",
"agree",
"to",
"describe",
")",
"without",
"any",
"type",
"of",
"behavioural",
"repercussions",
".",
"In",
"the",
"psychopathological",
"examination",
"carried",
"out",
"during",
"the",
"interview",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"appears",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
"in",
"time",
",",
"space",
"and",
"person",
".",
"Good",
"appearance",
"and",
"personal",
"care",
"in",
"general",
".",
"Reacts",
"appropriately",
"to",
"the",
"interview",
".",
"Calm",
"and",
"relaxed",
",",
"if",
"somewhat",
"restrained",
",",
"demeanour",
".",
"Speaks",
"little",
"in",
"response",
"to",
"questions",
"asked",
".",
"Language",
"without",
"alterations",
"in",
"thought",
"form",
"and",
"structure",
".",
"No",
"foreground",
"psychotic",
"symptoms",
".",
"Hypothymia",
",",
"anhedonia",
"and",
"partial",
"abulia",
";",
"no",
"impression",
"of",
"major",
"affective",
"symptoms",
".",
"Circadian",
"rhythm",
"disturbance",
".",
"Normorexia",
".",
"Olfactory",
"and",
"kinesthetic",
"hallucinations",
".",
"Adequate",
"functioning",
"is",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"parent-child",
"relationship",
",",
"although",
"the",
"patient",
"refuses",
"to",
"receive",
"visits",
"from",
"relatives",
"except",
"for",
"his",
"sister",
".",
"The",
"objectives",
"of",
"the",
"admission",
"proposed",
"by",
"the",
"unit",
"'",
"s",
"team",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
"are",
":",
"To",
"limit",
"THC",
"consumption",
"and",
"establish",
"the",
"relationship",
"between",
"this",
"and",
"the",
"clinical",
"psychopathology",
".",
"To",
"achieve",
"clinical",
"stability",
".",
"To",
"work",
"on",
"awareness",
"of",
"the",
"illness",
".",
"Start",
"treatment",
"with",
"Clozapine",
".",
"Achieve",
"good",
"tolerance",
"and",
"adherence",
"to",
"treatment",
".",
"NURSING",
"CARE",
"PROCESS",
"The",
"nursing",
"team",
"carries",
"out",
"an",
"assessment",
"on",
"admission",
"and",
"subsequent",
"care",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"Assessment",
"stage",
"This",
"is",
"carried",
"out",
"according",
"to",
"M",
".",
"Gordon",
"'",
"s",
"functional",
"patterns",
".",
"Pattern",
"1",
"-",
"Perception",
"and",
"maintenance",
"of",
"health",
".",
"Good",
"appearance",
"and",
"personal",
"care",
"in",
"general",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"has",
"difficulties",
"in",
"following",
"the",
"medication",
"regimen",
".",
"THC",
"consumption",
".",
"Altered",
"pattern",
".",
"Pattern",
"2",
"-",
"Nutritional",
"and",
"metabolic",
".",
"Varied",
"diet",
",",
"usually",
"prepared",
"by",
"his",
"mother",
"or",
"grandmother",
"at",
"the",
"home",
"where",
"he",
"currently",
"lives",
".",
"Adequate",
"weight",
"for",
"height",
".",
"Disorganised",
"mealtimes",
"in",
"recent",
"weeks",
".",
"Pattern",
"3",
"-",
"Elimination",
".",
"Good",
"intestinal",
"transit",
".",
"Pattern",
"4",
"-",
"Activity",
"and",
"exercise",
".",
"Until",
"recently",
"she",
"was",
"going",
"three",
"times",
"a",
"week",
"to",
"a",
"gym",
"in",
"her",
"neighbourhood",
".",
"Most",
"of",
"the",
"day",
"is",
"spent",
"at",
"home",
",",
"watching",
"TV",
"or",
"just",
"lying",
"in",
"bed",
".",
"Altered",
"pattern",
".",
"Pattern",
"5",
"-",
"Sleep",
"and",
"rest",
".",
"Poor",
"maintenance",
"of",
"biorhythms",
".",
"Imbalance",
"in",
"the",
"hours",
"of",
"rest",
"with",
"tiredness",
"and",
"daytime",
"sleepiness",
".",
"Altered",
"pattern",
".",
"Pattern",
"6",
"-",
"Cognitive",
"and",
"perceptual",
".",
"Conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
"in",
"time",
",",
"space",
"and",
"person",
".",
"Reacts",
"appropriately",
"to",
"interview",
".",
"Calm",
"and",
"relaxed",
",",
"though",
"somewhat",
"restrained",
",",
"demeanour",
".",
"Pattern",
"7",
"-",
"Self-perception",
"and",
"self-concept",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"has",
"doubts",
"about",
"the",
"usefulness",
"of",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"unit",
".",
"Pattern",
"8",
"-",
"Role",
"and",
"relationships",
".",
"Adequate",
"functioning",
"is",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"parent-child",
"relationship",
",",
"although",
"the",
"patient",
"refuses",
"to",
"receive",
"visits",
"from",
"relatives",
"except",
"for",
"his",
"sister",
".",
"Pattern",
"9",
"-",
"Sexuality",
"and",
"reproduction",
".",
"He",
"had",
"a",
"7-year",
"relationship",
"with",
"a",
"girl",
"that",
"ended",
"two",
"years",
"ago",
".",
"On",
"questioning",
"he",
"does",
"not",
"report",
"that",
"this",
"has",
"influenced",
"the",
"course",
"of",
"his",
"illness",
".",
"Pattern",
"10",
"-",
"Coping",
"and",
"stress",
"tolerance",
".",
"During",
"the",
"interview",
"he",
"is",
"calm",
".",
"He",
"does",
"not",
"agree",
"very",
"much",
"with",
"the",
"admission",
",",
"but",
"it",
"does",
"not",
"cause",
"him",
"significant",
"discomfort",
"or",
"anxiety",
"according",
"to",
"what",
"he",
"tells",
"us",
".",
"Pattern",
"11",
"-",
"Values",
"and",
"beliefs",
".",
"No",
"data",
"of",
"interest",
"in",
"this",
"pattern",
".",
"Diagnostic",
"stage",
"Following",
"the",
"assessment",
",",
"we",
"detected",
"the",
"following",
"problems",
"using",
"NANDA-II",
"terminology",
":",
"00079",
"Non-compliance",
"00097",
"Deficit",
"in",
"recreational",
"activities",
"00188",
"Tendency",
"to",
"engage",
"in",
"health-risk",
"behaviours",
"00198",
"Sleep",
"pattern",
"disturbance",
"Planning",
"stage",
"The",
"following",
"objectives",
"and",
"activities",
"are",
"planned",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"NOC",
"and",
"NIC",
"taxonomies",
"respectively",
":",
"00079",
"Non-compliance",
"NOC",
"objectives",
":",
"1300",
"Acceptance",
"of",
"health",
"status",
"1601",
"Compliance",
"behaviour",
"1813",
"Knowledge",
":",
"Therapeutic",
"regimen",
"Interventions",
"NIC",
":",
"2380",
"Medication",
"management",
"4480",
"Facilitating",
"self-responsibility",
"5616",
"Teaching",
":",
"prescribed",
"medication",
"Activities",
":",
"Review",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"knowledge",
"of",
"each",
"medication",
".",
"Encourage",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"take",
"as",
"much",
"responsibility",
"for",
"their",
"own",
"self-care",
"as",
"possible",
".",
"Review",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
"strategies",
"for",
"managing",
"the",
"medication",
"regimen",
".",
"Observe",
"the",
"therapeutic",
"effects",
"of",
"the",
"medication",
"on",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"00097",
"Deficit",
"in",
"recreational",
"activities",
"NOC",
"objectives",
":",
"1503",
"Social",
"involvement",
"1604",
"Participation",
"in",
"leisure",
"activities",
"Interventions",
"NIC",
":",
"4310",
"Activity",
"therapy",
"5100",
"Socialisation",
"enhancement",
"5360",
"Entertainment",
"therapy",
"Activities",
":",
"Helping",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"identify",
"activity",
"preferences",
".",
"Encourage",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"develop",
"relationships",
".",
"Encourage",
"involvement",
"in",
"entirely",
"new",
"interests",
".",
"Helping",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"increase",
"awareness",
"of",
"strengths",
"and",
"limitations",
"in",
"communicating",
"with",
"others",
".",
"To",
"facilitate",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"enthusiasm",
"and",
"planning",
"for",
"future",
"activities",
".",
"00198",
"Sleep",
"pattern",
"disorder",
"NOC",
"objectives",
":",
"0003",
"Rest",
"0004",
"Sleep",
"Interventions",
"NIC",
":",
"2380",
"Medication",
"management",
"5880",
"Relaxation",
"technique",
"Activities",
":",
"Instruct",
"patient",
"on",
"methods",
"that",
"decrease",
"anxiety",
",",
"as",
"appropriate",
".",
"Determine",
"the",
"impact",
"of",
"medication",
"use",
"on",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"lifestyle",
".",
"Develop",
"strategies",
"to",
"manage",
"side",
"effects",
"of",
"medication",
".",
"00188",
"Tendency",
"to",
"engage",
"in",
"health",
"risk",
"behaviours",
"NOC",
"objectives",
":",
"1603",
"Health",
"seeking",
"behaviour",
".",
"1700",
"Health",
"beliefs",
"1902",
"Risk",
"control",
"Interventions",
"NIC",
":",
"5230",
"Enhancing",
"coping",
"5510",
"Health",
"education",
"6610",
"Risk",
"identification",
"Activities",
":",
"Identify",
"biological",
",",
"environmental",
"and",
"behavioural",
"risks",
"and",
"their",
"interrelationships",
".",
"Identify",
"typical",
"coping",
"strategies",
".",
"Plan",
"long-term",
"follow-up",
"of",
"risk",
"reduction",
"strategies",
"and",
"activities",
".",
"Stages",
"of",
"implementation",
"and",
"evaluation",
"From",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"his",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"Medium",
"Stay",
"Unit",
",",
"he",
"comments",
"on",
"the",
"stability",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"condition",
"presented",
"on",
"admission",
".",
"Good",
"attitude",
"towards",
"healthcare",
"staff",
"and",
"other",
"patients",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"good",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"activities",
"proposed",
"in",
"the",
"unit",
".",
"On",
"a",
"psychopathological",
"level",
",",
"she",
"refers",
"to",
"a",
"persistent",
"olfactory",
"hallucination",
"which",
"she",
"describes",
"as",
"an",
"unpleasant",
"and",
"strong",
"smell",
";",
"despite",
"this",
",",
"it",
"does",
"not",
"cause",
"distress",
"or",
"strangeness",
",",
"nor",
"does",
"it",
"interfere",
"with",
"daily",
"functioning",
".",
"Biorhythms",
"are",
"also",
"preserved",
".",
"At",
"the",
"pharmacological",
"level",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"Clozapine",
",",
"up",
"to",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"75",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"without",
"notable",
"side",
"effects",
"or",
"pathological",
"findings",
"in",
"complementary",
"control",
"tests",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 375,
"end": 383
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 140,
"end": 148
},
{
"text": "social worker",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 816,
"end": 829
},
{
"text": "Parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 958,
"end": 965
},
{
"text": "maternal grandmother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 917,
"end": 937
},
{
"text": "waiter",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1248,
"end": 1254
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1381,
"end": 1389
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 945,
"end": 951
},
{
"text": "sister",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1014,
"end": 1020
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 906,
"end": 912
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1110,
"end": 1117
},
{
"text": "gamer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1264,
"end": 1269
},
{
"text": "grandmother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 926,
"end": 937
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1680,
"end": 1688
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2270,
"end": 2278
},
{
"text": "relative",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1899,
"end": 1907
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1722,
"end": 1728
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1584,
"end": 1591
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2106,
"end": 2113
},
{
"text": "father",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1522,
"end": 1528
},
{
"text": "grandmother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1869,
"end": 1880
},
{
"text": "parent",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3184,
"end": 3190
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3263,
"end": 3272
},
{
"text": "sister",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3288,
"end": 3294
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2631,
"end": 2638
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3224,
"end": 3231
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2689,
"end": 2695
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2717,
"end": 2725
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3366,
"end": 3373
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3752,
"end": 3759
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3951,
"end": 3958
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3921,
"end": 3929
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4125,
"end": 4131
},
{
"text": "grandmother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4135,
"end": 4146
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4737,
"end": 4743
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4889,
"end": 4896
},
{
"text": "parent",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5033,
"end": 5039
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5112,
"end": 5121
},
{
"text": "sister",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5137,
"end": 5143
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5073,
"end": 5080
},
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5223,
"end": 5227
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6306,
"end": 6313
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6362,
"end": 6369
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6456,
"end": 6463
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6571,
"end": 6578
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6837,
"end": 6844
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6895,
"end": 6902
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6994,
"end": 7001
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7103,
"end": 7110
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7330,
"end": 7337
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7436,
"end": 7443
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8190,
"end": 8198
},
{
"text": "staff",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8174,
"end": 8179
}
] | en |
A 75-year-old man, with no known drug allergies or toxic habits. With a history of arterial hypertension, peptic ulcus, pollinosis and right ocular prosthesis. He receives annual flu vaccination and follows regular treatment with enalapril, chlorthalidone and omeprazole.
He was admitted a fortnight ago, after returning from a trip to Benidorm, for presenting a barely productive cough, dyspnoea and chest pain with mechanical characteristics, as well as intense lumbosciatica with weakness in the lower limbs, progressively increasing until it became incapacitating, associated with arthromyalgia and generalised weakness, constipation and hyporexia. She denied abdominal pain, fever, dysthermia, vomiting or dysuria. She had been treated with corticosteroids and analgesics a few days earlier without improvement. On physical examination he was conscious and oriented, slightly bradypsychic, eupneic and afebrile, well hydrated and perfused. On arrival at the emergency department, a low-grade fever was observed. Oxygen saturation 91% with FiO2 0.21. No neurological focality, nuchal rigidity or meningeal signs. Weakness and pain on movement of the right limbs, more intense in the lower limbs. Cardiorespiratory auscultation: rhythmic with normal frequency, very weak tones without murmurs, friction or extratones; vesicular murmur globally diminished with crackles in the bases. Abdomen globular, soft and depressible, slightly painful to palpation in a generalised manner, with normal bowel sounds. Pustular and scratching lesions on the trunk. Lower limbs without oedema or signs of deep vein thrombosis.
The following complementary tests were performed: CBC: haemoglobin 13.8 g/dL, leucocytes 16,880/mm3, neutrophils 92%, platelets 88,000/mm3. Coagulation: prothrombin activity 69%, fibrinogen 12. g/L, D-dimer 2845 ng/mL. GOT 93 U/L, GPT 137 U/L, GGT 267 U/L, amylase 126 U/L, rest normal CRP: 410 mg/l. ESR 133 mm/h. Procalcitonin 1.8 ng/ml. Proteinogram: increased alpha-globulins and polyclonal hypergemaglobulinaemia Immunoglobulins: increased IgG and IgA. Immunofixation on three occasions normal. Tumour markers (AFP, CEA, Ca-19.9 and PSA) normal. Immunology: ANA and anti-DNA negative. ANCA positive with atypical perinuclear pattern on two occasions, with negative pANCA and c-ANCA. Thyroid profile: pituitary braking (TSH 0.22 with normal free T4). Two rounds of blood cultures were performed, which were negative, as well as pneumococcal and Legionella antigenuria in urine.
Urine sediment showed bacteriuria without leukocyturia with the presence of nitrites and microhaematuria. An electrocardiogram was performed with sinus tachycardia as the only finding.
Chest X-ray showed bilateral peripheral infiltrates and dorsolumbar spine X-ray showed signs of degenerative osteoarthritis, with no other findings of interest.
Chest X-ray: bilateral peripheral infiltrates. Given the presence of dyspnoea, chest pain and low oxygen saturation, as well as elevated D-dimer, in a patient with immobilisation in recent days secondary to functional disability caused by low back pain, without having carried out thromboprophylaxis, and given that the chest X-ray showed peripheral pulmonary infiltrates that could be pulmonary infarcts, chest CT angiography was performed to rule out pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in the first instance, ruling out signs of PTE and finding multiple alveolar infiltrates distributed bilaterally, some with transformation into cystic cavities. Given the intensity of the clinical manifestations and the findings of the complementary tests performed, the patient was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department with a clinical diagnosis of bilateral cavitary infiltrates suggestive of multilobar pneumonia and empirical antibiotic treatment with levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. On admission, the CURB-65 and FINE scales were performed and a high mortality risk score was obtained for both scales. AngioCT chest c/c: multiple alveolar infiltrates distributed bilaterally, some with transformation into cystic cavities.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of cavitated pulmonary nodules is a great challenge in which clinical features, iconography and laboratory findings are crucial for the definitive diagnosis.
Our patient was admitted for pulmonary cavitated lesions with a bilateral distribution of oligosymptomatic course together with acute onset lumbar pain. Although the aetiology of the condition was suspected to be infectious, given the scarcity of symptoms in contrast to the extensive radiological involvement, other causes could not be ruled out, including the following:
Infections: Cavitated lung lesions are usually lung abscesses that are usually caused by polymicrobial infections. The main aetiology is usually bacterial, especially anerobes that are part of the oral cavity flora (Prevotella spp, Bacteroides spp and Fusobacterium spp) and less frequently facultative anaerobes (Streptococcus anginosus and other streptococci). Bacteria that can produce monomicrobial abscesses include: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Legionella spp, Nocardia spp and Actinomyces spp. Other non-bacterial pathogens, such as some endemic fungi (Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides spp, Mucor spp) as well as opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus spp, Cryptococcus spp) and parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Paragonimus westermani) can also manifest themselves in this way. In the case of aspergillosis the radiological manifestations vary depending on the form of the disease and immunological status of the patient; one of the most frequently observed findings is the development of single or multiple thick-walled cavitated lesions distributed in the upper lobes associated with focal alveolar opacities and diffuse infiltrates of the lung parenchyma.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis deserves special mention. Its most frequent manifestation (in 40% of cases) is the presence of infiltrates in the lung parenchyma with multiple satellite nodules and cavitated lesions. These findings are preferentially located in the upper lobes and apical segments of the lower lobes, with the cavities presenting internal walls that can be either smooth or (more frequently) more irregular and coarse. On the other hand, the relative frequency of tuberculous spondylodiscitis is 15-25%, being more frequent in the lower dorsal spine, although it can affect the lumbar spine, as well as affecting several vertebrae and causing neurological symptoms. Other non-tuberculous mycobacteria (Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii) can also develop cavitations.
When the location of the pulmonary nodules is multiple and predominantly peripheral or subpleural in different stages of cavitation, it is important to rule out a septic emboligenic aetiology. Radiographically, it manifests as nodular pulmonary opacities with a tendency to cavitation, abscesses and pulmonary infarcts. They are usually secondary to bacteraemia or endocarditis on right heart valves that send the pathogen to different locations. Complications of septic embolism include vertebral osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. The possibility of septic arthritis should be considered when multiple joints are affected and the axial skeleton is particularly susceptible, especially when the causative germ is Staphylococcus aureus. Spondylodiscitis appears most frequently in the lumbar spine and in the absence of surgical intervention, its seeding is almost exclusively by haematogenous route. In our environment, the main infectious aetiologies are: pyogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus (40-65%), coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, other gram-negative bacilli and beta-hemolytic streptococci), tuberculosis and brucellosis. The initial imaging study may be negative when the presentation is acute, so if the clinical presentation persists, repeat testing should be performed. On the other hand, these lesions may also be of non-infectious aetiology, including within the differential diagnosis pulmonary vascular pathology such as PTE in which cavitary lesions secondary to pulmonary infarcts may appear. They appear in 10% of cases and are caused by small thrombi that obliterate segmental or subsegmental vessels. They usually present peripheral and multiple distribution and may provoke an intense inflammatory response. In this context, symptoms of deep vein thrombosis may appear, which may manifest as lower back or lower limb pain depending on the level of involvement. On the other hand, many rheumatological diseases present pulmonary manifestations at the onset or in the course of the pathology, however, the presence of cavitated nodules is unusual. The exception is Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a necrotising systemic vasculitis affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract. Radiologically it manifests with multiple transient and recurrent bilateral nodules/masses, which may cavitate either by necrosis per se or by arterial occlusion, usually in the absence of treatment. Cavitated lung lesions have been described in other diseases such as primary amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa and systemic lupus erythematosus, always under consideration of the possibility of infectious aetiology in these patients, generally subjected to long-term immunosuppressive therapies. All of them may present musculoskeletal pathology or associated neuropathies. In relation to neoplastic causes, single cavitated lung lesions most often correspond to bronchogenic carcinoma, which cavitates in 10-15% of cases, which is usually associated with a worse prognosis. Of the different histological types, squamous cell carcinoma is the one that cavitates most frequently3 . It is usually a lesion of variable size, spiculated, thick-walled (> 4mm) and irregular, associated with soft tissue mass and other findings such as lymphadenopathy, invasion of mediastinal structures and chest wall infiltration.
Some Kaposi's lymphomas and sarcomas may also present with cavitated lesions, especially in the HIV-infected population, whose lesions are usually small in number and preferentially located in the lower lobes.
Pulmonary metastases are nodules of variable size, but generally larger than one centimetre, multiple and tend to cavitate less than primary neoplasms (less than 4%) and generally appear in the lung and subpleural bases, as lesions with irregular borders2. As for the possible neoplastic aetiology of our patient's low back pain: the primary tumours that most frequently metastasise to the bone are breast, prostate, lung, thyroid, kidney and colon. As well as myeloma and lymphoma. Myeloma is the most common primary bone tumour. It usually presents lytic rather than sclerotic lesions, well defined and respecting pedicles, the diagnosis is made by proteinogram and bone marrow aspirate. Pulmonary involvement is rare.
Evolution
Among the complementary tests requested, the following serology results were obtained: past infection by CMV, Epstein-Barr, toxoplasma, Parvovirus B19, Mycoplasma and hepatitis B. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Brucella, Yersinia, Salmonella, Legionella, Ricketsia, Borrelia, Coxiella, lues, HAV, HCV and HIV negative.
Despite analgesic treatment, lumbar pain persisted, so an MRI of the spine was performed, showing signs of generalised spondylosis with osteophytic formations of anterior predominance. Degenerative disc disease. In the L2-L3 and L4-L5 disc interspaces there were discrete central protrusions with no repercussions on thecal sac or nerve roots. In order to rule out other causes of low back pain, a thoracic and abdomen-pelvis computed tomography (CT) scan with intravenous contrast showed partial resolution of the bilateral pulmonary parenchymal condensations with transformation of some of them into cystic cavities. There was also a hypodense lesion with peripheral enhancement in the left psoas measuring 3 x 1.3 cm suggestive of abscess. Several hepatic lesions of different sizes as catchers with cyst criteria. No significant adenopathies. CT scan of the abdomen w/c: hypodense lesion with peripheral enhancement in the left psoas measuring 3 x 1.3 cm suggestive of abscess. Given the lack of improvement in lumbar pain, a skeletal scan and SPECT-CT with technetium were performed with findings suggestive of L2-L3 spondylodiscitis and arthritis of the right shoulder, which was subsequently confirmed with Gadolinium citrate. Skeletal GA with Tc99 Diphosphate and Ga67 citrate: findings suggestive of L2-L3 spondylodiscitis and right shoulder arthritis. During his admission, the patient began to expectorate and sputum samples were collected. Serial smears were negative and the culture was positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), which allowed antibiotic treatment to be started with cloxacillin 2 grams every 6 hours. Subsequently, methicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecillinus was isolated in urine, so cloxacillin was withdrawn and vancomycin was started.
An echocardiogram was performed with no alterations and no evidence of vegetations. A CT-guided vertebral biopsy was also requested to take samples for cultures, the results of which (bacterial culture, fungal culture and mycobacterial culture) were negative. The pathological anatomy of the intervertebral disc (puncture-biopsy) showed fibrocartilaginous tissue with focal and discrete acute non-specific inflammation and granulation tissue.
Parenteral antibiotic treatment was maintained, with cloxacillin initially and vancomycin later, completing five weeks and then levofloxacin and oral rifampicin for six more weeks, normalising the inflammatory parameters as well as the resolution of both the pneumonic process and the psoas abscess, with residual lesion image persisting at the L2-L3 level. He was referred for follow-up to the Traumatology Spine Unit.
Final diagnosis
Necrotising pneumonia due to SAMS. Spondylodiscitis L2-L3. Psoas abscess. Nosocomial urinary tract infection due to E. faecium.
| [
"A",
"75-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
"or",
"toxic",
"habits",
".",
"With",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"peptic",
"ulcus",
",",
"pollinosis",
"and",
"right",
"ocular",
"prosthesis",
".",
"He",
"receives",
"annual",
"flu",
"vaccination",
"and",
"follows",
"regular",
"treatment",
"with",
"enalapril",
",",
"chlorthalidone",
"and",
"omeprazole",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"a",
"fortnight",
"ago",
",",
"after",
"returning",
"from",
"a",
"trip",
"to",
"Benidorm",
",",
"for",
"presenting",
"a",
"barely",
"productive",
"cough",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"chest",
"pain",
"with",
"mechanical",
"characteristics",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"intense",
"lumbosciatica",
"with",
"weakness",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"progressively",
"increasing",
"until",
"it",
"became",
"incapacitating",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"arthromyalgia",
"and",
"generalised",
"weakness",
",",
"constipation",
"and",
"hyporexia",
".",
"She",
"denied",
"abdominal",
"pain",
",",
"fever",
",",
"dysthermia",
",",
"vomiting",
"or",
"dysuria",
".",
"She",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
"and",
"analgesics",
"a",
"few",
"days",
"earlier",
"without",
"improvement",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
"he",
"was",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
",",
"slightly",
"bradypsychic",
",",
"eupneic",
"and",
"afebrile",
",",
"well",
"hydrated",
"and",
"perfused",
".",
"On",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"a",
"low-grade",
"fever",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"Oxygen",
"saturation",
"91",
"%",
"with",
"FiO2",
"0",
".",
"21",
".",
"No",
"neurological",
"focality",
",",
"nuchal",
"rigidity",
"or",
"meningeal",
"signs",
".",
"Weakness",
"and",
"pain",
"on",
"movement",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"limbs",
",",
"more",
"intense",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"Cardiorespiratory",
"auscultation",
":",
"rhythmic",
"with",
"normal",
"frequency",
",",
"very",
"weak",
"tones",
"without",
"murmurs",
",",
"friction",
"or",
"extratones",
";",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
"globally",
"diminished",
"with",
"crackles",
"in",
"the",
"bases",
".",
"Abdomen",
"globular",
",",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"slightly",
"painful",
"to",
"palpation",
"in",
"a",
"generalised",
"manner",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"bowel",
"sounds",
".",
"Pustular",
"and",
"scratching",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"trunk",
".",
"Lower",
"limbs",
"without",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"deep",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
".",
"The",
"following",
"complementary",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
":",
"CBC",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"13",
".",
"8",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"leucocytes",
"16",
",",
"880",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"neutrophils",
"92",
"%",
",",
"platelets",
"88",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"Coagulation",
":",
"prothrombin",
"activity",
"69",
"%",
",",
"fibrinogen",
"12",
".",
"g",
"/",
"L",
",",
"D-dimer",
"2845",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
".",
"GOT",
"93",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GPT",
"137",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GGT",
"267",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"amylase",
"126",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"rest",
"normal",
"CRP",
":",
"410",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
".",
"ESR",
"133",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
".",
"Procalcitonin",
"1",
".",
"8",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
".",
"Proteinogram",
":",
"increased",
"alpha-globulins",
"and",
"polyclonal",
"hypergemaglobulinaemia",
"Immunoglobulins",
":",
"increased",
"IgG",
"and",
"IgA",
".",
"Immunofixation",
"on",
"three",
"occasions",
"normal",
".",
"Tumour",
"markers",
"(",
"AFP",
",",
"CEA",
",",
"Ca-19",
".",
"9",
"and",
"PSA",
")",
"normal",
".",
"Immunology",
":",
"ANA",
"and",
"anti-DNA",
"negative",
".",
"ANCA",
"positive",
"with",
"atypical",
"perinuclear",
"pattern",
"on",
"two",
"occasions",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"pANCA",
"and",
"c-ANCA",
".",
"Thyroid",
"profile",
":",
"pituitary",
"braking",
"(",
"TSH",
"0",
".",
"22",
"with",
"normal",
"free",
"T4",
")",
".",
"Two",
"rounds",
"of",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"pneumococcal",
"and",
"Legionella",
"antigenuria",
"in",
"urine",
".",
"Urine",
"sediment",
"showed",
"bacteriuria",
"without",
"leukocyturia",
"with",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"nitrites",
"and",
"microhaematuria",
".",
"An",
"electrocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"sinus",
"tachycardia",
"as",
"the",
"only",
"finding",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"peripheral",
"infiltrates",
"and",
"dorsolumbar",
"spine",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"signs",
"of",
"degenerative",
"osteoarthritis",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"bilateral",
"peripheral",
"infiltrates",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"chest",
"pain",
"and",
"low",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"elevated",
"D-dimer",
",",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"immobilisation",
"in",
"recent",
"days",
"secondary",
"to",
"functional",
"disability",
"caused",
"by",
"low",
"back",
"pain",
",",
"without",
"having",
"carried",
"out",
"thromboprophylaxis",
",",
"and",
"given",
"that",
"the",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"peripheral",
"pulmonary",
"infiltrates",
"that",
"could",
"be",
"pulmonary",
"infarcts",
",",
"chest",
"CT",
"angiography",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"pulmonary",
"thromboembolism",
"(",
"PTE",
")",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"instance",
",",
"ruling",
"out",
"signs",
"of",
"PTE",
"and",
"finding",
"multiple",
"alveolar",
"infiltrates",
"distributed",
"bilaterally",
",",
"some",
"with",
"transformation",
"into",
"cystic",
"cavities",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"intensity",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"and",
"the",
"findings",
"of",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"performed",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Department",
"with",
"a",
"clinical",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"bilateral",
"cavitary",
"infiltrates",
"suggestive",
"of",
"multilobar",
"pneumonia",
"and",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
"and",
"ceftriaxone",
".",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"CURB-65",
"and",
"FINE",
"scales",
"were",
"performed",
"and",
"a",
"high",
"mortality",
"risk",
"score",
"was",
"obtained",
"for",
"both",
"scales",
".",
"AngioCT",
"chest",
"c",
"/",
"c",
":",
"multiple",
"alveolar",
"infiltrates",
"distributed",
"bilaterally",
",",
"some",
"with",
"transformation",
"into",
"cystic",
"cavities",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"cavitated",
"pulmonary",
"nodules",
"is",
"a",
"great",
"challenge",
"in",
"which",
"clinical",
"features",
",",
"iconography",
"and",
"laboratory",
"findings",
"are",
"crucial",
"for",
"the",
"definitive",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Our",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"pulmonary",
"cavitated",
"lesions",
"with",
"a",
"bilateral",
"distribution",
"of",
"oligosymptomatic",
"course",
"together",
"with",
"acute",
"onset",
"lumbar",
"pain",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"aetiology",
"of",
"the",
"condition",
"was",
"suspected",
"to",
"be",
"infectious",
",",
"given",
"the",
"scarcity",
"of",
"symptoms",
"in",
"contrast",
"to",
"the",
"extensive",
"radiological",
"involvement",
",",
"other",
"causes",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
",",
"including",
"the",
"following",
":",
"Infections",
":",
"Cavitated",
"lung",
"lesions",
"are",
"usually",
"lung",
"abscesses",
"that",
"are",
"usually",
"caused",
"by",
"polymicrobial",
"infections",
".",
"The",
"main",
"aetiology",
"is",
"usually",
"bacterial",
",",
"especially",
"anerobes",
"that",
"are",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"oral",
"cavity",
"flora",
"(",
"Prevotella",
"spp",
",",
"Bacteroides",
"spp",
"and",
"Fusobacterium",
"spp",
")",
"and",
"less",
"frequently",
"facultative",
"anaerobes",
"(",
"Streptococcus",
"anginosus",
"and",
"other",
"streptococci",
")",
".",
"Bacteria",
"that",
"can",
"produce",
"monomicrobial",
"abscesses",
"include",
":",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
",",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Streptococcus",
"pyogenes",
",",
"Burkholderia",
"pseudomallei",
",",
"Haemophilus",
"influenzae",
"type",
"B",
",",
"Legionella",
"spp",
",",
"Nocardia",
"spp",
"and",
"Actinomyces",
"spp",
".",
"Other",
"non-bacterial",
"pathogens",
",",
"such",
"as",
"some",
"endemic",
"fungi",
"(",
"Histoplasma",
"capsulatum",
",",
"Blastomyces",
"dermatitidis",
",",
"Coccidioides",
"spp",
",",
"Mucor",
"spp",
")",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"opportunistic",
"fungi",
"(",
"Aspergillus",
"spp",
",",
"Cryptococcus",
"spp",
")",
"and",
"parasites",
"(",
"Entamoeba",
"histolytica",
",",
"Paragonimus",
"westermani",
")",
"can",
"also",
"manifest",
"themselves",
"in",
"this",
"way",
".",
"In",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"aspergillosis",
"the",
"radiological",
"manifestations",
"vary",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"and",
"immunological",
"status",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
";",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"frequently",
"observed",
"findings",
"is",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"single",
"or",
"multiple",
"thick-walled",
"cavitated",
"lesions",
"distributed",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"lobes",
"associated",
"with",
"focal",
"alveolar",
"opacities",
"and",
"diffuse",
"infiltrates",
"of",
"the",
"lung",
"parenchyma",
".",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"deserves",
"special",
"mention",
".",
"Its",
"most",
"frequent",
"manifestation",
"(",
"in",
"40",
"%",
"of",
"cases",
")",
"is",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"infiltrates",
"in",
"the",
"lung",
"parenchyma",
"with",
"multiple",
"satellite",
"nodules",
"and",
"cavitated",
"lesions",
".",
"These",
"findings",
"are",
"preferentially",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"lobes",
"and",
"apical",
"segments",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"lobes",
",",
"with",
"the",
"cavities",
"presenting",
"internal",
"walls",
"that",
"can",
"be",
"either",
"smooth",
"or",
"(",
"more",
"frequently",
")",
"more",
"irregular",
"and",
"coarse",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"the",
"relative",
"frequency",
"of",
"tuberculous",
"spondylodiscitis",
"is",
"15-25",
"%",
",",
"being",
"more",
"frequent",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"dorsal",
"spine",
",",
"although",
"it",
"can",
"affect",
"the",
"lumbar",
"spine",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"affecting",
"several",
"vertebrae",
"and",
"causing",
"neurological",
"symptoms",
".",
"Other",
"non-tuberculous",
"mycobacteria",
"(",
"Mycobacterium",
"avium",
",",
"Mycobacterium",
"kansasii",
")",
"can",
"also",
"develop",
"cavitations",
".",
"When",
"the",
"location",
"of",
"the",
"pulmonary",
"nodules",
"is",
"multiple",
"and",
"predominantly",
"peripheral",
"or",
"subpleural",
"in",
"different",
"stages",
"of",
"cavitation",
",",
"it",
"is",
"important",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"a",
"septic",
"emboligenic",
"aetiology",
".",
"Radiographically",
",",
"it",
"manifests",
"as",
"nodular",
"pulmonary",
"opacities",
"with",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"cavitation",
",",
"abscesses",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"infarcts",
".",
"They",
"are",
"usually",
"secondary",
"to",
"bacteraemia",
"or",
"endocarditis",
"on",
"right",
"heart",
"valves",
"that",
"send",
"the",
"pathogen",
"to",
"different",
"locations",
".",
"Complications",
"of",
"septic",
"embolism",
"include",
"vertebral",
"osteomyelitis",
"and",
"septic",
"arthritis",
".",
"The",
"possibility",
"of",
"septic",
"arthritis",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"when",
"multiple",
"joints",
"are",
"affected",
"and",
"the",
"axial",
"skeleton",
"is",
"particularly",
"susceptible",
",",
"especially",
"when",
"the",
"causative",
"germ",
"is",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
".",
"Spondylodiscitis",
"appears",
"most",
"frequently",
"in",
"the",
"lumbar",
"spine",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"surgical",
"intervention",
",",
"its",
"seeding",
"is",
"almost",
"exclusively",
"by",
"haematogenous",
"route",
".",
"In",
"our",
"environment",
",",
"the",
"main",
"infectious",
"aetiologies",
"are",
":",
"pyogenic",
"bacteria",
"(",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"(",
"40-65",
"%",
")",
",",
"coagulase-negative",
"staphylococci",
",",
"Enterobacteriaceae",
",",
"other",
"gram-negative",
"bacilli",
"and",
"beta-hemolytic",
"streptococci",
")",
",",
"tuberculosis",
"and",
"brucellosis",
".",
"The",
"initial",
"imaging",
"study",
"may",
"be",
"negative",
"when",
"the",
"presentation",
"is",
"acute",
",",
"so",
"if",
"the",
"clinical",
"presentation",
"persists",
",",
"repeat",
"testing",
"should",
"be",
"performed",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"these",
"lesions",
"may",
"also",
"be",
"of",
"non-infectious",
"aetiology",
",",
"including",
"within",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"pulmonary",
"vascular",
"pathology",
"such",
"as",
"PTE",
"in",
"which",
"cavitary",
"lesions",
"secondary",
"to",
"pulmonary",
"infarcts",
"may",
"appear",
".",
"They",
"appear",
"in",
"10",
"%",
"of",
"cases",
"and",
"are",
"caused",
"by",
"small",
"thrombi",
"that",
"obliterate",
"segmental",
"or",
"subsegmental",
"vessels",
".",
"They",
"usually",
"present",
"peripheral",
"and",
"multiple",
"distribution",
"and",
"may",
"provoke",
"an",
"intense",
"inflammatory",
"response",
".",
"In",
"this",
"context",
",",
"symptoms",
"of",
"deep",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
"may",
"appear",
",",
"which",
"may",
"manifest",
"as",
"lower",
"back",
"or",
"lower",
"limb",
"pain",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"involvement",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"many",
"rheumatological",
"diseases",
"present",
"pulmonary",
"manifestations",
"at",
"the",
"onset",
"or",
"in",
"the",
"course",
"of",
"the",
"pathology",
",",
"however",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"cavitated",
"nodules",
"is",
"unusual",
".",
"The",
"exception",
"is",
"Granulomatosis",
"with",
"polyangiitis",
"(",
"GPA",
")",
",",
"a",
"necrotising",
"systemic",
"vasculitis",
"affecting",
"the",
"upper",
"and",
"lower",
"respiratory",
"tract",
".",
"Radiologically",
"it",
"manifests",
"with",
"multiple",
"transient",
"and",
"recurrent",
"bilateral",
"nodules",
"/",
"masses",
",",
"which",
"may",
"cavitate",
"either",
"by",
"necrosis",
"per",
"se",
"or",
"by",
"arterial",
"occlusion",
",",
"usually",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"treatment",
".",
"Cavitated",
"lung",
"lesions",
"have",
"been",
"described",
"in",
"other",
"diseases",
"such",
"as",
"primary",
"amyloidosis",
",",
"ankylosing",
"spondylitis",
",",
"rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
",",
"polyarteritis",
"nodosa",
"and",
"systemic",
"lupus",
"erythematosus",
",",
"always",
"under",
"consideration",
"of",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"infectious",
"aetiology",
"in",
"these",
"patients",
",",
"generally",
"subjected",
"to",
"long-term",
"immunosuppressive",
"therapies",
".",
"All",
"of",
"them",
"may",
"present",
"musculoskeletal",
"pathology",
"or",
"associated",
"neuropathies",
".",
"In",
"relation",
"to",
"neoplastic",
"causes",
",",
"single",
"cavitated",
"lung",
"lesions",
"most",
"often",
"correspond",
"to",
"bronchogenic",
"carcinoma",
",",
"which",
"cavitates",
"in",
"10-15",
"%",
"of",
"cases",
",",
"which",
"is",
"usually",
"associated",
"with",
"a",
"worse",
"prognosis",
".",
"Of",
"the",
"different",
"histological",
"types",
",",
"squamous",
"cell",
"carcinoma",
"is",
"the",
"one",
"that",
"cavitates",
"most",
"frequently3",
".",
"It",
"is",
"usually",
"a",
"lesion",
"of",
"variable",
"size",
",",
"spiculated",
",",
"thick-walled",
"(",
">",
"4mm",
")",
"and",
"irregular",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"soft",
"tissue",
"mass",
"and",
"other",
"findings",
"such",
"as",
"lymphadenopathy",
",",
"invasion",
"of",
"mediastinal",
"structures",
"and",
"chest",
"wall",
"infiltration",
".",
"Some",
"Kaposi",
"'",
"s",
"lymphomas",
"and",
"sarcomas",
"may",
"also",
"present",
"with",
"cavitated",
"lesions",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"the",
"HIV-infected",
"population",
",",
"whose",
"lesions",
"are",
"usually",
"small",
"in",
"number",
"and",
"preferentially",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"lobes",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"metastases",
"are",
"nodules",
"of",
"variable",
"size",
",",
"but",
"generally",
"larger",
"than",
"one",
"centimetre",
",",
"multiple",
"and",
"tend",
"to",
"cavitate",
"less",
"than",
"primary",
"neoplasms",
"(",
"less",
"than",
"4",
"%",
")",
"and",
"generally",
"appear",
"in",
"the",
"lung",
"and",
"subpleural",
"bases",
",",
"as",
"lesions",
"with",
"irregular",
"borders2",
".",
"As",
"for",
"the",
"possible",
"neoplastic",
"aetiology",
"of",
"our",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"low",
"back",
"pain",
":",
"the",
"primary",
"tumours",
"that",
"most",
"frequently",
"metastasise",
"to",
"the",
"bone",
"are",
"breast",
",",
"prostate",
",",
"lung",
",",
"thyroid",
",",
"kidney",
"and",
"colon",
".",
"As",
"well",
"as",
"myeloma",
"and",
"lymphoma",
".",
"Myeloma",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"primary",
"bone",
"tumour",
".",
"It",
"usually",
"presents",
"lytic",
"rather",
"than",
"sclerotic",
"lesions",
",",
"well",
"defined",
"and",
"respecting",
"pedicles",
",",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"is",
"made",
"by",
"proteinogram",
"and",
"bone",
"marrow",
"aspirate",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"involvement",
"is",
"rare",
".",
"Evolution",
"Among",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"requested",
",",
"the",
"following",
"serology",
"results",
"were",
"obtained",
":",
"past",
"infection",
"by",
"CMV",
",",
"Epstein-Barr",
",",
"toxoplasma",
",",
"Parvovirus",
"B19",
",",
"Mycoplasma",
"and",
"hepatitis",
"B",
".",
"Chlamydia",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Brucella",
",",
"Yersinia",
",",
"Salmonella",
",",
"Legionella",
",",
"Ricketsia",
",",
"Borrelia",
",",
"Coxiella",
",",
"lues",
",",
"HAV",
",",
"HCV",
"and",
"HIV",
"negative",
".",
"Despite",
"analgesic",
"treatment",
",",
"lumbar",
"pain",
"persisted",
",",
"so",
"an",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"spine",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"signs",
"of",
"generalised",
"spondylosis",
"with",
"osteophytic",
"formations",
"of",
"anterior",
"predominance",
".",
"Degenerative",
"disc",
"disease",
".",
"In",
"the",
"L2-L3",
"and",
"L4-L5",
"disc",
"interspaces",
"there",
"were",
"discrete",
"central",
"protrusions",
"with",
"no",
"repercussions",
"on",
"thecal",
"sac",
"or",
"nerve",
"roots",
".",
"In",
"order",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"other",
"causes",
"of",
"low",
"back",
"pain",
",",
"a",
"thoracic",
"and",
"abdomen-pelvis",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"scan",
"with",
"intravenous",
"contrast",
"showed",
"partial",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"bilateral",
"pulmonary",
"parenchymal",
"condensations",
"with",
"transformation",
"of",
"some",
"of",
"them",
"into",
"cystic",
"cavities",
".",
"There",
"was",
"also",
"a",
"hypodense",
"lesion",
"with",
"peripheral",
"enhancement",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"psoas",
"measuring",
"3",
"x",
"1",
".",
"3",
"cm",
"suggestive",
"of",
"abscess",
".",
"Several",
"hepatic",
"lesions",
"of",
"different",
"sizes",
"as",
"catchers",
"with",
"cyst",
"criteria",
".",
"No",
"significant",
"adenopathies",
".",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"w",
"/",
"c",
":",
"hypodense",
"lesion",
"with",
"peripheral",
"enhancement",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"psoas",
"measuring",
"3",
"x",
"1",
".",
"3",
"cm",
"suggestive",
"of",
"abscess",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"improvement",
"in",
"lumbar",
"pain",
",",
"a",
"skeletal",
"scan",
"and",
"SPECT-CT",
"with",
"technetium",
"were",
"performed",
"with",
"findings",
"suggestive",
"of",
"L2-L3",
"spondylodiscitis",
"and",
"arthritis",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"shoulder",
",",
"which",
"was",
"subsequently",
"confirmed",
"with",
"Gadolinium",
"citrate",
".",
"Skeletal",
"GA",
"with",
"Tc99",
"Diphosphate",
"and",
"Ga67",
"citrate",
":",
"findings",
"suggestive",
"of",
"L2-L3",
"spondylodiscitis",
"and",
"right",
"shoulder",
"arthritis",
".",
"During",
"his",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"to",
"expectorate",
"and",
"sputum",
"samples",
"were",
"collected",
".",
"Serial",
"smears",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"the",
"culture",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"methicillin-sensitive",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"(",
"MSSA",
")",
",",
"which",
"allowed",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"to",
"be",
"started",
"with",
"cloxacillin",
"2",
"grams",
"every",
"6",
"hours",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"methicillin-resistant",
"Enterococcus",
"faecillinus",
"was",
"isolated",
"in",
"urine",
",",
"so",
"cloxacillin",
"was",
"withdrawn",
"and",
"vancomycin",
"was",
"started",
".",
"An",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"no",
"alterations",
"and",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"vegetations",
".",
"A",
"CT-guided",
"vertebral",
"biopsy",
"was",
"also",
"requested",
"to",
"take",
"samples",
"for",
"cultures",
",",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"which",
"(",
"bacterial",
"culture",
",",
"fungal",
"culture",
"and",
"mycobacterial",
"culture",
")",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"pathological",
"anatomy",
"of",
"the",
"intervertebral",
"disc",
"(",
"puncture-biopsy",
")",
"showed",
"fibrocartilaginous",
"tissue",
"with",
"focal",
"and",
"discrete",
"acute",
"non-specific",
"inflammation",
"and",
"granulation",
"tissue",
".",
"Parenteral",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"maintained",
",",
"with",
"cloxacillin",
"initially",
"and",
"vancomycin",
"later",
",",
"completing",
"five",
"weeks",
"and",
"then",
"levofloxacin",
"and",
"oral",
"rifampicin",
"for",
"six",
"more",
"weeks",
",",
"normalising",
"the",
"inflammatory",
"parameters",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"resolution",
"of",
"both",
"the",
"pneumonic",
"process",
"and",
"the",
"psoas",
"abscess",
",",
"with",
"residual",
"lesion",
"image",
"persisting",
"at",
"the",
"L2-L3",
"level",
".",
"He",
"was",
"referred",
"for",
"follow-up",
"to",
"the",
"Traumatology",
"Spine",
"Unit",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Necrotising",
"pneumonia",
"due",
"to",
"SAMS",
".",
"Spondylodiscitis",
"L2-L3",
".",
"Psoas",
"abscess",
".",
"Nosocomial",
"urinary",
"tract",
"infection",
"due",
"to",
"E",
".",
"faecium",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2465,
"end": 2475
},
{
"text": "bacteriuria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2521,
"end": 2532
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2997,
"end": 3004
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3602,
"end": 3609
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4279,
"end": 4286
},
{
"text": "Actinomyces spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5231,
"end": 5246
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5418,
"end": 5433
},
{
"text": "Bacteroides spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4880,
"end": 4895
},
{
"text": "Blastomyces dermatitidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5331,
"end": 5355
},
{
"text": "Burkholderia pseudomallei",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5140,
"end": 5165
},
{
"text": "Coccidioides spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5357,
"end": 5373
},
{
"text": "Cryptococcus spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5435,
"end": 5451
},
{
"text": "Entamoeba histolytica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5468,
"end": 5489
},
{
"text": "Fusobacterium spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4900,
"end": 4917
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5258,
"end": 5267
},
{
"text": "Bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5011,
"end": 5019
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4962,
"end": 4975
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5116,
"end": 5129
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5300,
"end": 5305
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5411,
"end": 5416
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5692,
"end": 5699
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5457,
"end": 5466
},
{
"text": "non-bacterial pathogens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5254,
"end": 5277
},
{
"text": "gram-negative bacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7797,
"end": 7818
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7695,
"end": 7703
},
{
"text": "pyogenic bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7686,
"end": 7703
},
{
"text": "coagulase-negative staphylococci",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7737,
"end": 7769
},
{
"text": "germ",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7434,
"end": 7438
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 9431,
"end": 9439
},
{
"text": "pathogen",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7141,
"end": 7149
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7077,
"end": 7088
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10214,
"end": 10217
},
{
"text": "population",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10227,
"end": 10237
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10633,
"end": 10640
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11317,
"end": 11325
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11262,
"end": 11270
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11348,
"end": 11351
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11356,
"end": 11359
},
{
"text": "Yersinia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11272,
"end": 11280
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11184,
"end": 11194
},
{
"text": "Parvovirus B19",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11196,
"end": 11210
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11227,
"end": 11238
},
{
"text": "lues",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 11337,
"end": 11341
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 12905,
"end": 12926
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12758,
"end": 12765
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 13349,
"end": 13358
},
{
"text": "SAMS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 14074,
"end": 14078
},
{
"text": "E. faecium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 14161,
"end": 14171
}
] | en |
A 30-year-old female patient attended the ECLA Foundation for a blood pressure check-up. She refers hypertension during pregnancy, she does not remember the treatment. She denies any other medical history, except for an appendectomy in adolescence. She denies smoking and alcoholism. She comes from Chaco.
Anamnesis
Rule out secondary hypertension
Appearance of risk factors (DLP; DBT; Ob; CVD; TBQ, OH, sedentary lifestyle).
Previous treatments, AE to drugs Anamnesis
PHYSICAL EXAM
Blood Pressure: 122/81 mmHg at first reading and 120/79 mmHg at second reading.
Heart rate: 78 bpm regular
Weight: 76.500 kg
Height: 1.68 m
Waist circumference: 109 cm
Hip circumference: 102 cm BMI: 27kg/m2
INITIAL LABORATORY
Uricemia: 6.4 mg/dl
Triglycerides: 120 mg/dl
Sodium: 140 meq/l
Potassium: 4.1 meq/L
Albumin/creatinine index: greater than 50 mg/g Cr (IIa).
Glycosylated haemoglobin: 5%.
Haematocrit: 48%.
LDL 180 mg/dl
HDL: 71.1 mg/dl
Creatinine: 1.9 mg/dl
Cholesterol: 244 mg/dl
12-LEAD ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Sinus rhythm, HR 95 bpm, narrow QRS, Electrical axis + 45°, T negative asymmetric branch DIII, rest sp.
GUIDE DATA
Endemic focus for Chagas disease Renal insufficiency EE MDRD Cl Cr 32.99 ml/min/1.73m2 Malb u + Dyslipemia Overweight and central obesity Female 30 a
Romaña sign
Chagoma inoculation
DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE T. CRUZI INFECTION
TREATMENT
INDICATIONS FOR TRYPANOCIDAL TREATMENT
Acute phase of any nature (including reactivation in immunocompromised)
| [
"A",
"30-year-old",
"female",
"patient",
"attended",
"the",
"ECLA",
"Foundation",
"for",
"a",
"blood",
"pressure",
"check-up",
".",
"She",
"refers",
"hypertension",
"during",
"pregnancy",
",",
"she",
"does",
"not",
"remember",
"the",
"treatment",
".",
"She",
"denies",
"any",
"other",
"medical",
"history",
",",
"except",
"for",
"an",
"appendectomy",
"in",
"adolescence",
".",
"She",
"denies",
"smoking",
"and",
"alcoholism",
".",
"She",
"comes",
"from",
"Chaco",
".",
"Anamnesis",
"Rule",
"out",
"secondary",
"hypertension",
"Appearance",
"of",
"risk",
"factors",
"(",
"DLP",
";",
"DBT",
";",
"Ob",
";",
"CVD",
";",
"TBQ",
",",
"OH",
",",
"sedentary",
"lifestyle",
")",
".",
"Previous",
"treatments",
",",
"AE",
"to",
"drugs",
"Anamnesis",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAM",
"Blood",
"Pressure",
":",
"122",
"/",
"81",
"mmHg",
"at",
"first",
"reading",
"and",
"120",
"/",
"79",
"mmHg",
"at",
"second",
"reading",
".",
"Heart",
"rate",
":",
"78",
"bpm",
"regular",
"Weight",
":",
"76",
".",
"500",
"kg",
"Height",
":",
"1",
".",
"68",
"m",
"Waist",
"circumference",
":",
"109",
"cm",
"Hip",
"circumference",
":",
"102",
"cm",
"BMI",
":",
"27kg",
"/",
"m2",
"INITIAL",
"LABORATORY",
"Uricemia",
":",
"6",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"Triglycerides",
":",
"120",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"Sodium",
":",
"140",
"meq",
"/",
"l",
"Potassium",
":",
"4",
".",
"1",
"meq",
"/",
"L",
"Albumin",
"/",
"creatinine",
"index",
":",
"greater",
"than",
"50",
"mg",
"/",
"g",
"Cr",
"(",
"IIa",
")",
".",
"Glycosylated",
"haemoglobin",
":",
"5",
"%",
".",
"Haematocrit",
":",
"48",
"%",
".",
"LDL",
"180",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"HDL",
":",
"71",
".",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"Creatinine",
":",
"1",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"Cholesterol",
":",
"244",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"12-LEAD",
"ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY",
"Sinus",
"rhythm",
",",
"HR",
"95",
"bpm",
",",
"narrow",
"QRS",
",",
"Electrical",
"axis",
"+",
"45",
"°",
",",
"T",
"negative",
"asymmetric",
"branch",
"DIII",
",",
"rest",
"sp",
".",
"GUIDE",
"DATA",
"Endemic",
"focus",
"for",
"Chagas",
"disease",
"Renal",
"insufficiency",
"EE",
"MDRD",
"Cl",
"Cr",
"32",
".",
"99",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
"/",
"1",
".",
"73m2",
"Malb",
"u",
"+",
"Dyslipemia",
"Overweight",
"and",
"central",
"obesity",
"Female",
"30",
"a",
"Romaña",
"sign",
"Chagoma",
"inoculation",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"OF",
"ACUTE",
"T",
".",
"CRUZI",
"INFECTION",
"TREATMENT",
"INDICATIONS",
"FOR",
"TRYPANOCIDAL",
"TREATMENT",
"Acute",
"phase",
"of",
"any",
"nature",
"(",
"including",
"reactivation",
"in",
"immunocompromised",
")"
] | [
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "female",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 20
},
{
"text": "female patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 28
},
{
"text": "adolescence",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 236,
"end": 247
},
{
"text": "Female",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1256,
"end": 1262
},
{
"text": "T. CRUZI",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1332,
"end": 1340
}
] | en |
A 40-year-old man, with no previous history of interest, with no habitual treatment or toxic habits, who consulted for symptoms of arthromyalgia, diplopia and night sweats, with a weight loss of 8 kg in the last 4 weeks. He works as a stockbreeder and farmer.
Physical examination
Physical examination was unremarkable, with fever of 38.5oC one night only. There was a lesion on the left thigh compatible with a tick bite and paralysis of the right 6th cranial nerve for 72 hours prior to admission.
Complementary tests
A simple blood test, chest X-ray and non-contrast cranial CT scan were performed in the emergency department and showed no abnormalities.
Differential diagnosis
- Infectious process: CBC and serology (including lupus, HIV, brucella, borrelia, rickettsia, chlamydia and toxoplasma), blood cultures, urine cultures, stool cultures, mantoux, and lumbar puncture (biochemistry, bacterial cultures, fungi and mycobacteria, PCR herpes virus and serology, including tuberculosis). A transesophageal echocardiogram was also performed. The results were negative.
- Neuropathic process: negative electrophysiological study.
- Paraneoplastic process: tumour markers, proteinogram and body-CT scan with normal results except for small renal infarctions.
- Autoimmune process: ANA, antiDNA, C3, C4, HLA B27, HLA B51 and IG quantification were normal. CT angiography of the aorta was normal.
Cranial MRI with and without contrast was performed, where a thickening of the pituitary stalk was the only finding.
Evolution of the case
The patient's evolution was torpid, with pain that did not subside with analgesia and febrile syndrome. He was treated empirically with Doxycycline and steroids, and subsequently with Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin, with no improvement in the clinical picture. A few days later, he presented with acute hepatitis and pancreatitis, together with severe thrombopenia (4300/mm3) and marked polyuria and thirst. Abdominal ultrasound was normal.
A bone biopsy of the iliac crest was performed, confirming the diagnosis: mature acute lymphoblastic leukaemia B, L3 (ALL). After a multidisciplinary assessment of the patient, primary digestive pathology was ruled out, with a diagnosis of infiltrative hepatitis and pancreatitis, as well as diabetes insipidus, paralysis of the VI pair and renal infarcts, secondary to the infiltration.
Intrathecal chemotherapy treatment was started with rapid and favourable evolution of the patient.
| [
"A",
"40-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"no",
"previous",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"with",
"no",
"habitual",
"treatment",
"or",
"toxic",
"habits",
",",
"who",
"consulted",
"for",
"symptoms",
"of",
"arthromyalgia",
",",
"diplopia",
"and",
"night",
"sweats",
",",
"with",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"8",
"kg",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"4",
"weeks",
".",
"He",
"works",
"as",
"a",
"stockbreeder",
"and",
"farmer",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Physical",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
",",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"38",
".",
"5oC",
"one",
"night",
"only",
".",
"There",
"was",
"a",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"thigh",
"compatible",
"with",
"a",
"tick",
"bite",
"and",
"paralysis",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"6th",
"cranial",
"nerve",
"for",
"72",
"hours",
"prior",
"to",
"admission",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"A",
"simple",
"blood",
"test",
",",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"non-contrast",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"were",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"and",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"-",
"Infectious",
"process",
":",
"CBC",
"and",
"serology",
"(",
"including",
"lupus",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"brucella",
",",
"borrelia",
",",
"rickettsia",
",",
"chlamydia",
"and",
"toxoplasma",
")",
",",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"urine",
"cultures",
",",
"stool",
"cultures",
",",
"mantoux",
",",
"and",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"(",
"biochemistry",
",",
"bacterial",
"cultures",
",",
"fungi",
"and",
"mycobacteria",
",",
"PCR",
"herpes",
"virus",
"and",
"serology",
",",
"including",
"tuberculosis",
")",
".",
"A",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"also",
"performed",
".",
"The",
"results",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Neuropathic",
"process",
":",
"negative",
"electrophysiological",
"study",
".",
"-",
"Paraneoplastic",
"process",
":",
"tumour",
"markers",
",",
"proteinogram",
"and",
"body-CT",
"scan",
"with",
"normal",
"results",
"except",
"for",
"small",
"renal",
"infarctions",
".",
"-",
"Autoimmune",
"process",
":",
"ANA",
",",
"antiDNA",
",",
"C3",
",",
"C4",
",",
"HLA",
"B27",
",",
"HLA",
"B51",
"and",
"IG",
"quantification",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"CT",
"angiography",
"of",
"the",
"aorta",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Cranial",
"MRI",
"with",
"and",
"without",
"contrast",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"where",
"a",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"pituitary",
"stalk",
"was",
"the",
"only",
"finding",
".",
"Evolution",
"of",
"the",
"case",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
"was",
"torpid",
",",
"with",
"pain",
"that",
"did",
"not",
"subside",
"with",
"analgesia",
"and",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
".",
"He",
"was",
"treated",
"empirically",
"with",
"Doxycycline",
"and",
"steroids",
",",
"and",
"subsequently",
"with",
"Ceftriaxone",
"and",
"Ciprofloxacin",
",",
"with",
"no",
"improvement",
"in",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
".",
"A",
"few",
"days",
"later",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"acute",
"hepatitis",
"and",
"pancreatitis",
",",
"together",
"with",
"severe",
"thrombopenia",
"(",
"4300",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
"and",
"marked",
"polyuria",
"and",
"thirst",
".",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"A",
"bone",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"iliac",
"crest",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"confirming",
"the",
"diagnosis",
":",
"mature",
"acute",
"lymphoblastic",
"leukaemia",
"B",
",",
"L3",
"(",
"ALL",
")",
".",
"After",
"a",
"multidisciplinary",
"assessment",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"primary",
"digestive",
"pathology",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
",",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"infiltrative",
"hepatitis",
"and",
"pancreatitis",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"diabetes",
"insipidus",
",",
"paralysis",
"of",
"the",
"VI",
"pair",
"and",
"renal",
"infarcts",
",",
"secondary",
"to",
"the",
"infiltration",
".",
"Intrathecal",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"rapid",
"and",
"favourable",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0
] | [
{
"text": "farmer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 252,
"end": 258
},
{
"text": "tick",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 413,
"end": 417
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 741,
"end": 744
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 897,
"end": 906
},
{
"text": "borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 756,
"end": 764
},
{
"text": "brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 746,
"end": 754
},
{
"text": "chlamydia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 778,
"end": 787
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 917,
"end": 922
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 927,
"end": 939
},
{
"text": "rickettsia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 766,
"end": 776
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 792,
"end": 802
},
{
"text": "herpes virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 945,
"end": 957
},
{
"text": "tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 982,
"end": 994
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1545,
"end": 1552
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2149,
"end": 2156
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2459,
"end": 2466
}
] | en |
JRLD, 40 years old, male, from the city of Coari (AM). In April 2007, he presented with fever, anorexia and myalgia. Approximately during this period, an outbreak of RCT was identified with 25 cases in the municipality of Coari, probably related to the ingestion of açai juice; the patient reported having ingested açai from the same locality where the outbreak occurred, and required care in Manaus, where he was diagnosed with RCT due to a thick drop positive for T. cruzi. The electrocardiogram showed right bundle branch block and the echocardiogram was normal. After etiological treatment, the right bundle branch block disappeared.
| [
"JRLD",
",",
"40",
"years",
"old",
",",
"male",
",",
"from",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Coari",
"(",
"AM",
")",
".",
"In",
"April",
"2007",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"anorexia",
"and",
"myalgia",
".",
"Approximately",
"during",
"this",
"period",
",",
"an",
"outbreak",
"of",
"RCT",
"was",
"identified",
"with",
"25",
"cases",
"in",
"the",
"municipality",
"of",
"Coari",
",",
"probably",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"ingestion",
"of",
"açai",
"juice",
";",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"having",
"ingested",
"açai",
"from",
"the",
"same",
"locality",
"where",
"the",
"outbreak",
"occurred",
",",
"and",
"required",
"care",
"in",
"Manaus",
",",
"where",
"he",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"RCT",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"thick",
"drop",
"positive",
"for",
"T",
".",
"cruzi",
".",
"The",
"electrocardiogram",
"showed",
"right",
"bundle",
"branch",
"block",
"and",
"the",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"After",
"etiological",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"right",
"bundle",
"branch",
"block",
"disappeared",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 20,
"end": 24
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 282,
"end": 289
},
{
"text": "T. cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 466,
"end": 474
}
] | en |
A 34-year-old woman came to the emergency department with dyspnoea, general malaise and pruritic skin rash. Laboratory tests showed iron deficiency anaemia. She has a child with chickenpox. Suspicion of varicella and after a chest X-ray (the findings on the X-ray were overlooked by the attending clinician), specific treatment and home rest were decided. Two days later she came in for increased dyspnoea and a feeling of extreme fatigue. An emergency radiologist was consulted and after reviewing the previous X-ray, it was decided to perform a chest CT scan in view of the clinical worsening.
The CT scan showed multiple nodular opacities with diameters between 5-10 mm surrounded by a low-attenuation halo, i.e. with a "halo sign" distributed in both hemithoraxes, with a greater number and size in the upper lobes and some of them with a tendency to coalesce, without cavitation or calcification. Given the patient's familial epidemiology, clinical manifestations and imaging findings, the most likely diagnosis is viral bronchopneumonia secondary to varicella-zoster, with pulmonary opacities probably corresponding to pseudo-infiltrates with perilesional bleeding (halo sign).
| [
"A",
"34-year-old",
"woman",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"general",
"malaise",
"and",
"pruritic",
"skin",
"rash",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"iron",
"deficiency",
"anaemia",
".",
"She",
"has",
"a",
"child",
"with",
"chickenpox",
".",
"Suspicion",
"of",
"varicella",
"and",
"after",
"a",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"(",
"the",
"findings",
"on",
"the",
"X-ray",
"were",
"overlooked",
"by",
"the",
"attending",
"clinician",
")",
",",
"specific",
"treatment",
"and",
"home",
"rest",
"were",
"decided",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"later",
"she",
"came",
"in",
"for",
"increased",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"extreme",
"fatigue",
".",
"An",
"emergency",
"radiologist",
"was",
"consulted",
"and",
"after",
"reviewing",
"the",
"previous",
"X-ray",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"worsening",
".",
"The",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"multiple",
"nodular",
"opacities",
"with",
"diameters",
"between",
"5-10",
"mm",
"surrounded",
"by",
"a",
"low-attenuation",
"halo",
",",
"i",
".",
"e",
".",
"with",
"a",
"\"",
"halo",
"sign",
"\"",
"distributed",
"in",
"both",
"hemithoraxes",
",",
"with",
"a",
"greater",
"number",
"and",
"size",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"lobes",
"and",
"some",
"of",
"them",
"with",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"coalesce",
",",
"without",
"cavitation",
"or",
"calcification",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"familial",
"epidemiology",
",",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"and",
"imaging",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"most",
"likely",
"diagnosis",
"is",
"viral",
"bronchopneumonia",
"secondary",
"to",
"varicella-zoster",
",",
"with",
"pulmonary",
"opacities",
"probably",
"corresponding",
"to",
"pseudo-infiltrates",
"with",
"perilesional",
"bleeding",
"(",
"halo",
"sign",
")",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "child",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 167,
"end": 172
},
{
"text": "chickenpox",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 178,
"end": 188
},
{
"text": "radiologist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 453,
"end": 464
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 913,
"end": 920
},
{
"text": "varicella-zoster",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1057,
"end": 1073
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1021,
"end": 1026
}
] | en |
A 71-year-old patient, with a history of mycosis fungoides under treatment, consulted for abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea of one week's evolution with a weight loss of 10kg. Examination revealed a distended abdomen with generalised pain on palpation, predominantly in the right iliac fossa, with no signs of peritoneal irritation.
In view of the patient's poor clinical condition, it was decided to perform an abdominal CT scan. This identified circumferential thickening of a long segment of the distal ileum, with dilatation of the lumen, associated with extension to the adjacent mesenteric fatty tissue. Sigma, terminal ileum and descending colon appear collapsed with dilated proximal small bowel loops. In addition, in the right iliac fossa, a 6 cm adenopathic conglomerate is identified in continuity with the described mass. These findings are indicative of small bowel obstruction at the level of the ileum secondary to mass growth in the pelvis.
Given the finding of an intestinal mass, epidemiologically, adenocarcinoma is the first possibility. However, the form of presentation in the form of circumferential thickening, with homogeneous density and producing dilatation of the intestinal wall, are typical radiological characteristics of intestinal lymphoma. Also, in contrast to adenocarcinoma, these neoplasms frequently involve regional lymph nodes. Although it is true that lymphomas do not usually cause obstruction until advanced stages, the semiological characteristics described, together with the patient's history of mycosis fungoides, supported the diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma as a first possibility. Subsequently, the anatomical pathology study confirmed our suspicion.
| [
"A",
"71-year-old",
"patient",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"mycosis",
"fungoides",
"under",
"treatment",
",",
"consulted",
"for",
"abdominal",
"pain",
",",
"vomiting",
"and",
"diarrhoea",
"of",
"one",
"week",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
"with",
"a",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"10kg",
".",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"distended",
"abdomen",
"with",
"generalised",
"pain",
"on",
"palpation",
",",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"iliac",
"fossa",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"poor",
"clinical",
"condition",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"an",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
".",
"This",
"identified",
"circumferential",
"thickening",
"of",
"a",
"long",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"distal",
"ileum",
",",
"with",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"lumen",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"extension",
"to",
"the",
"adjacent",
"mesenteric",
"fatty",
"tissue",
".",
"Sigma",
",",
"terminal",
"ileum",
"and",
"descending",
"colon",
"appear",
"collapsed",
"with",
"dilated",
"proximal",
"small",
"bowel",
"loops",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"iliac",
"fossa",
",",
"a",
"6",
"cm",
"adenopathic",
"conglomerate",
"is",
"identified",
"in",
"continuity",
"with",
"the",
"described",
"mass",
".",
"These",
"findings",
"are",
"indicative",
"of",
"small",
"bowel",
"obstruction",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"ileum",
"secondary",
"to",
"mass",
"growth",
"in",
"the",
"pelvis",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"finding",
"of",
"an",
"intestinal",
"mass",
",",
"epidemiologically",
",",
"adenocarcinoma",
"is",
"the",
"first",
"possibility",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"presentation",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"circumferential",
"thickening",
",",
"with",
"homogeneous",
"density",
"and",
"producing",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"intestinal",
"wall",
",",
"are",
"typical",
"radiological",
"characteristics",
"of",
"intestinal",
"lymphoma",
".",
"Also",
",",
"in",
"contrast",
"to",
"adenocarcinoma",
",",
"these",
"neoplasms",
"frequently",
"involve",
"regional",
"lymph",
"nodes",
".",
"Although",
"it",
"is",
"true",
"that",
"lymphomas",
"do",
"not",
"usually",
"cause",
"obstruction",
"until",
"advanced",
"stages",
",",
"the",
"semiological",
"characteristics",
"described",
",",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"history",
"of",
"mycosis",
"fungoides",
",",
"supported",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"intestinal",
"lymphoma",
"as",
"a",
"first",
"possibility",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"anatomical",
"pathology",
"study",
"confirmed",
"our",
"suspicion",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 21
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 354,
"end": 361
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1529,
"end": 1536
}
] | en |
Patient aged 76 years, with a history of thalassaemia minor, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adequately controlled with low doses of oral antidiabetics (Hb 1AC 6.8). He had an appendectomy in his youth and a testicular hydrocele surgery.
The patient was admitted due to a 15-year history of incapacitating syncope and orthostatic syncope, which had even functionally limited him in recent years, to the point of preventing him from going out in the street. He was partially studied for this reason in 1996. In this study, a complete paroxysmal AV block was found, which was initially interpreted as the cause of the symptoms, so that a VDD pacemaker was inserted without the patient's symptoms having completely subsided. It was decided to extend the study at the time, and an echocardiogram was performed, which except for a slight hypertrophy of the left ventricle showed no other alterations, as well as an abdominal CT scan, which was normal. The neurological examination was normal at the time. The patient was discharged with the diagnosis of idiopathic orthostatic syncope, and treatment was started with etilefrin, spironolactone and fludocortisone.
The patient, however, did not improve his symptoms, presenting syncope on orthostasis almost daily, with frequent trauma, together with a state of presyncope maintained while the patient remained seated. Given the incapacitating symptoms, it was decided to admit the patient to complete the study and adjust the treatment.
In the anamnesis, in addition to the syncope, the patient only reported nocturia 4-5 times a day, and diarrhoea of 4-5 abundant watery stools, without pathological products, of about ten years of evolution, not accompanied by weight loss or toxic symptoms. The anamnesis by organs and apparatus was negative. Physical examination revealed a significant drop in BP on sitting compared to lying down, from around 120/80 mm Hg to 60/40 mm Hg, with no other manifestations other than an intense pre-syncopal sensation. During these episodes, the patient had no sweating or compensatory tachycardia. Physical examination only showed some behavioural disinhibition of the patient, not accompanied by signs of frontal release. The rest of the neurological and general examination was normal.
The following complementary tests were performed for the study of the patient: biochemistry: glucose 127; cre 1.16; total proteins 7; albumin 3.78; calcium 9.9; phosphorus 2.9; uric acid 8; cholesterol 125; triglycerides 174; sodium 140; potassium 4.76.
CBC: leukocytes 6,740 (normal formula); red blood cells 4.34; Hb 9.7; MCV 68.7; platelets 169,000.
Liver profile: normal. Vitamin B12 levels 925 and folic acid 16.
Hormonal study: prolactin 10.4; FSH 9.2; LH 7.3; testosterone 277; night cortisol 9; basal cortisol 38; rhythm cortisol 76%; total porphyrins < 200; aldolase 3.
Electrophoretic spectrum: albumin 53.8%; alpha1 3.3%; alpha2 15.3%; beta 13.7%; gamma 13.9%. Blood in stool: negative. Cranial CT scan: The study showed signs of diffuse atrophy in relation to the patient's age, with no other relevant findings. Colonoscopy: No lesions were seen in the areas visualised. Biopsies were taken from the proximal descending colon to rule out macroscopic colitis. Small diverticular orifices throughout the colon. Biopsy of colorectal mucosa: usual characteristics. Specific staining for amyloid was performed and was negative. Echocardiogram: hypertrophic left ventricle with systolic function at low limits of normality with slight global hypokinesia. Mild mitral insufficiency. No evidence of amyloidosis.
Arrhythmological study: VDD pacemaker with single lead, normofunctioning. The pacing rate was reduced without obtaining ventricular rhythm (complete AV block with ventricular pacing at 40 bpm). Cold pressure test: BP with the patient in decubitus position 112/68. After 30" with hand on ice: BP 108/56.
HIV serology: Negative. Chest X-ray: No significant findings. Abdominopelvic CT scan: No significant lesions. Plasma catecholamine levels in decubitus and seated position: low basal levels, without the expected elevation in seated position. Urine catecholamine levels: low.
Given the normality of the complementary tests, the diagnosis of pure autonomic failure is established, withdrawing the hypotensive drugs from the treatment, maintaining only etilefrine and fludocortisone, together with symptomatic measures, subjectively improving the patient.
| [
"Patient",
"aged",
"76",
"years",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"thalassaemia",
"minor",
",",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"adequately",
"controlled",
"with",
"low",
"doses",
"of",
"oral",
"antidiabetics",
"(",
"Hb",
"1AC",
"6",
".",
"8",
")",
".",
"He",
"had",
"an",
"appendectomy",
"in",
"his",
"youth",
"and",
"a",
"testicular",
"hydrocele",
"surgery",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"15-year",
"history",
"of",
"incapacitating",
"syncope",
"and",
"orthostatic",
"syncope",
",",
"which",
"had",
"even",
"functionally",
"limited",
"him",
"in",
"recent",
"years",
",",
"to",
"the",
"point",
"of",
"preventing",
"him",
"from",
"going",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"street",
".",
"He",
"was",
"partially",
"studied",
"for",
"this",
"reason",
"in",
"1996",
".",
"In",
"this",
"study",
",",
"a",
"complete",
"paroxysmal",
"AV",
"block",
"was",
"found",
",",
"which",
"was",
"initially",
"interpreted",
"as",
"the",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
",",
"so",
"that",
"a",
"VDD",
"pacemaker",
"was",
"inserted",
"without",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"symptoms",
"having",
"completely",
"subsided",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"extend",
"the",
"study",
"at",
"the",
"time",
",",
"and",
"an",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"except",
"for",
"a",
"slight",
"hypertrophy",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"ventricle",
"showed",
"no",
"other",
"alterations",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"an",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"which",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"neurological",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
"at",
"the",
"time",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"idiopathic",
"orthostatic",
"syncope",
",",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"etilefrin",
",",
"spironolactone",
"and",
"fludocortisone",
".",
"The",
"patient",
",",
"however",
",",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
"his",
"symptoms",
",",
"presenting",
"syncope",
"on",
"orthostasis",
"almost",
"daily",
",",
"with",
"frequent",
"trauma",
",",
"together",
"with",
"a",
"state",
"of",
"presyncope",
"maintained",
"while",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"seated",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"incapacitating",
"symptoms",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"complete",
"the",
"study",
"and",
"adjust",
"the",
"treatment",
".",
"In",
"the",
"anamnesis",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"the",
"syncope",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"only",
"reported",
"nocturia",
"4-5",
"times",
"a",
"day",
",",
"and",
"diarrhoea",
"of",
"4-5",
"abundant",
"watery",
"stools",
",",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
",",
"of",
"about",
"ten",
"years",
"of",
"evolution",
",",
"not",
"accompanied",
"by",
"weight",
"loss",
"or",
"toxic",
"symptoms",
".",
"The",
"anamnesis",
"by",
"organs",
"and",
"apparatus",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"significant",
"drop",
"in",
"BP",
"on",
"sitting",
"compared",
"to",
"lying",
"down",
",",
"from",
"around",
"120",
"/",
"80",
"mm",
"Hg",
"to",
"60",
"/",
"40",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"manifestations",
"other",
"than",
"an",
"intense",
"pre-syncopal",
"sensation",
".",
"During",
"these",
"episodes",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"sweating",
"or",
"compensatory",
"tachycardia",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"only",
"showed",
"some",
"behavioural",
"disinhibition",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"not",
"accompanied",
"by",
"signs",
"of",
"frontal",
"release",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"neurological",
"and",
"general",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"following",
"complementary",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
"for",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
":",
"biochemistry",
":",
"glucose",
"127",
";",
"cre",
"1",
".",
"16",
";",
"total",
"proteins",
"7",
";",
"albumin",
"3",
".",
"78",
";",
"calcium",
"9",
".",
"9",
";",
"phosphorus",
"2",
".",
"9",
";",
"uric",
"acid",
"8",
";",
"cholesterol",
"125",
";",
"triglycerides",
"174",
";",
"sodium",
"140",
";",
"potassium",
"4",
".",
"76",
".",
"CBC",
":",
"leukocytes",
"6",
",",
"740",
"(",
"normal",
"formula",
")",
";",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
"4",
".",
"34",
";",
"Hb",
"9",
".",
"7",
";",
"MCV",
"68",
".",
"7",
";",
"platelets",
"169",
",",
"000",
".",
"Liver",
"profile",
":",
"normal",
".",
"Vitamin",
"B12",
"levels",
"925",
"and",
"folic",
"acid",
"16",
".",
"Hormonal",
"study",
":",
"prolactin",
"10",
".",
"4",
";",
"FSH",
"9",
".",
"2",
";",
"LH",
"7",
".",
"3",
";",
"testosterone",
"277",
";",
"night",
"cortisol",
"9",
";",
"basal",
"cortisol",
"38",
";",
"rhythm",
"cortisol",
"76",
"%",
";",
"total",
"porphyrins",
"<",
"200",
";",
"aldolase",
"3",
".",
"Electrophoretic",
"spectrum",
":",
"albumin",
"53",
".",
"8",
"%",
";",
"alpha1",
"3",
".",
"3",
"%",
";",
"alpha2",
"15",
".",
"3",
"%",
";",
"beta",
"13",
".",
"7",
"%",
";",
"gamma",
"13",
".",
"9",
"%",
".",
"Blood",
"in",
"stool",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"The",
"study",
"showed",
"signs",
"of",
"diffuse",
"atrophy",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"age",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"relevant",
"findings",
".",
"Colonoscopy",
":",
"No",
"lesions",
"were",
"seen",
"in",
"the",
"areas",
"visualised",
".",
"Biopsies",
"were",
"taken",
"from",
"the",
"proximal",
"descending",
"colon",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"macroscopic",
"colitis",
".",
"Small",
"diverticular",
"orifices",
"throughout",
"the",
"colon",
".",
"Biopsy",
"of",
"colorectal",
"mucosa",
":",
"usual",
"characteristics",
".",
"Specific",
"staining",
"for",
"amyloid",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Echocardiogram",
":",
"hypertrophic",
"left",
"ventricle",
"with",
"systolic",
"function",
"at",
"low",
"limits",
"of",
"normality",
"with",
"slight",
"global",
"hypokinesia",
".",
"Mild",
"mitral",
"insufficiency",
".",
"No",
"evidence",
"of",
"amyloidosis",
".",
"Arrhythmological",
"study",
":",
"VDD",
"pacemaker",
"with",
"single",
"lead",
",",
"normofunctioning",
".",
"The",
"pacing",
"rate",
"was",
"reduced",
"without",
"obtaining",
"ventricular",
"rhythm",
"(",
"complete",
"AV",
"block",
"with",
"ventricular",
"pacing",
"at",
"40",
"bpm",
")",
".",
"Cold",
"pressure",
"test",
":",
"BP",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
"in",
"decubitus",
"position",
"112",
"/",
"68",
".",
"After",
"30",
"\"",
"with",
"hand",
"on",
"ice",
":",
"BP",
"108",
"/",
"56",
".",
"HIV",
"serology",
":",
"Negative",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"No",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"Abdominopelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"No",
"significant",
"lesions",
".",
"Plasma",
"catecholamine",
"levels",
"in",
"decubitus",
"and",
"seated",
"position",
":",
"low",
"basal",
"levels",
",",
"without",
"the",
"expected",
"elevation",
"in",
"seated",
"position",
".",
"Urine",
"catecholamine",
"levels",
":",
"low",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"normality",
"of",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
",",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"pure",
"autonomic",
"failure",
"is",
"established",
",",
"withdrawing",
"the",
"hypotensive",
"drugs",
"from",
"the",
"treatment",
",",
"maintaining",
"only",
"etilefrine",
"and",
"fludocortisone",
",",
"together",
"with",
"symptomatic",
"measures",
",",
"subjectively",
"improving",
"the",
"patient",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 7
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 236,
"end": 243
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 669,
"end": 676
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 998,
"end": 1005
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1156,
"end": 1163
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1331,
"end": 1338
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1419,
"end": 1426
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1525,
"end": 1532
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2017,
"end": 2024
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2141,
"end": 2148
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2330,
"end": 2337
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3036,
"end": 3043
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3802,
"end": 3809
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3879,
"end": 3882
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4422,
"end": 4429
}
] | en |
This is a 32-year-old patient with no history of significant allergy, working on the restoration of a school building in the parish of Santa Rosalía in Caracas, Venezuela, with no history of previous accidents with these insects, who consulted about 4 h after a black ant bite. He immediately developed symptoms of urticaria, localised in the right forearm region, with intense pruritus and general malaise and hypotension (80/50 mm Hg). The patient reported no previous episodes of adverse reactions to bites by other hymenopteran species. The ants were subsequently identified and classified as the species Odontomachus bauri.
The bite presented as an immediate skin reaction, characterised by an erythematous (urticarial) papule measuring 16 x 6 cm, surrounded by a halo, with a central depression or punctum, accompanied by tingling or uncomfortable skin irritation causing a desire to scratch the affected area, followed by a burning sensation, numbness or pruritus. Physical examination revealed intense oedema around the bite site, covering the entire anterior part of the right forearm, with peripheral erythema. The lesion developed was extremely pruritic. Intradermal tests with hymenopteran venom (Vespula sp., Polistes sp. and Apis mellifera) were negative. For treatment an intramuscular ampoule of hydrocortisone sodium succinate (100 mg/stat) and the systemic antihistamine Loratadine (10 mg/tablet) one tablet daily for 5 d were administered.
The patient had an episode of moderate urticaria after being bitten by an ant (O. bauri) while doing masonry work near a nest of these insects. This ant can become a major health risk in tropical and subtropical areas.
The current case, with no previous known history of ant accident, had a rapid and intense evolution, starting with a typical ant bite or sting, but with a huge allergic reaction affecting the skin. On physical examination, no other symptoms were detected, which could raise suspicion of generalised anaphylaxis, despite a hypotensive condition, which normalised (120/75 mmHg), after administration of hydrocortisone. However, the patient was warned that further contact with these ants could cause a more severe clinical picture, such as angioneurotic oedema or anaphylactic shock; he was advised to keep antihistamines with him at all times for the initial treatment of another accident.
It is intended to demonstrate in this clinical report that S. invicta and S. richteri are not unique in their ability to cause serious allergic reactions on the continent. A diverse group of ant species belonging to 6 different subfamilies (Formicinae, Myrmeciinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae, Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmecinae) and 10 genera (Solenopsis, Formica, Myrmecia, Tetramorium, Pogonomyrmex, Pachycondyla, Rhytidoponera, Pseudomyrmex, and Hypoponera), and now Odontomachus, demonstrate this ability. The knowledge that these species of wild ants, native or imported, could cause serious reactions in patients should result in the most rapid evaluation and emergency treatment.
| [
"This",
"is",
"a",
"32-year-old",
"patient",
"with",
"no",
"history",
"of",
"significant",
"allergy",
",",
"working",
"on",
"the",
"restoration",
"of",
"a",
"school",
"building",
"in",
"the",
"parish",
"of",
"Santa",
"Rosalía",
"in",
"Caracas",
",",
"Venezuela",
",",
"with",
"no",
"history",
"of",
"previous",
"accidents",
"with",
"these",
"insects",
",",
"who",
"consulted",
"about",
"4",
"h",
"after",
"a",
"black",
"ant",
"bite",
".",
"He",
"immediately",
"developed",
"symptoms",
"of",
"urticaria",
",",
"localised",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"forearm",
"region",
",",
"with",
"intense",
"pruritus",
"and",
"general",
"malaise",
"and",
"hypotension",
"(",
"80",
"/",
"50",
"mm",
"Hg",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reported",
"no",
"previous",
"episodes",
"of",
"adverse",
"reactions",
"to",
"bites",
"by",
"other",
"hymenopteran",
"species",
".",
"The",
"ants",
"were",
"subsequently",
"identified",
"and",
"classified",
"as",
"the",
"species",
"Odontomachus",
"bauri",
".",
"The",
"bite",
"presented",
"as",
"an",
"immediate",
"skin",
"reaction",
",",
"characterised",
"by",
"an",
"erythematous",
"(",
"urticarial",
")",
"papule",
"measuring",
"16",
"x",
"6",
"cm",
",",
"surrounded",
"by",
"a",
"halo",
",",
"with",
"a",
"central",
"depression",
"or",
"punctum",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"tingling",
"or",
"uncomfortable",
"skin",
"irritation",
"causing",
"a",
"desire",
"to",
"scratch",
"the",
"affected",
"area",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"a",
"burning",
"sensation",
",",
"numbness",
"or",
"pruritus",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"intense",
"oedema",
"around",
"the",
"bite",
"site",
",",
"covering",
"the",
"entire",
"anterior",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"forearm",
",",
"with",
"peripheral",
"erythema",
".",
"The",
"lesion",
"developed",
"was",
"extremely",
"pruritic",
".",
"Intradermal",
"tests",
"with",
"hymenopteran",
"venom",
"(",
"Vespula",
"sp",
".",
",",
"Polistes",
"sp",
".",
"and",
"Apis",
"mellifera",
")",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"For",
"treatment",
"an",
"intramuscular",
"ampoule",
"of",
"hydrocortisone",
"sodium",
"succinate",
"(",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"stat",
")",
"and",
"the",
"systemic",
"antihistamine",
"Loratadine",
"(",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"tablet",
")",
"one",
"tablet",
"daily",
"for",
"5",
"d",
"were",
"administered",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"moderate",
"urticaria",
"after",
"being",
"bitten",
"by",
"an",
"ant",
"(",
"O",
".",
"bauri",
")",
"while",
"doing",
"masonry",
"work",
"near",
"a",
"nest",
"of",
"these",
"insects",
".",
"This",
"ant",
"can",
"become",
"a",
"major",
"health",
"risk",
"in",
"tropical",
"and",
"subtropical",
"areas",
".",
"The",
"current",
"case",
",",
"with",
"no",
"previous",
"known",
"history",
"of",
"ant",
"accident",
",",
"had",
"a",
"rapid",
"and",
"intense",
"evolution",
",",
"starting",
"with",
"a",
"typical",
"ant",
"bite",
"or",
"sting",
",",
"but",
"with",
"a",
"huge",
"allergic",
"reaction",
"affecting",
"the",
"skin",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"no",
"other",
"symptoms",
"were",
"detected",
",",
"which",
"could",
"raise",
"suspicion",
"of",
"generalised",
"anaphylaxis",
",",
"despite",
"a",
"hypotensive",
"condition",
",",
"which",
"normalised",
"(",
"120",
"/",
"75",
"mmHg",
")",
",",
"after",
"administration",
"of",
"hydrocortisone",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"warned",
"that",
"further",
"contact",
"with",
"these",
"ants",
"could",
"cause",
"a",
"more",
"severe",
"clinical",
"picture",
",",
"such",
"as",
"angioneurotic",
"oedema",
"or",
"anaphylactic",
"shock",
";",
"he",
"was",
"advised",
"to",
"keep",
"antihistamines",
"with",
"him",
"at",
"all",
"times",
"for",
"the",
"initial",
"treatment",
"of",
"another",
"accident",
".",
"It",
"is",
"intended",
"to",
"demonstrate",
"in",
"this",
"clinical",
"report",
"that",
"S",
".",
"invicta",
"and",
"S",
".",
"richteri",
"are",
"not",
"unique",
"in",
"their",
"ability",
"to",
"cause",
"serious",
"allergic",
"reactions",
"on",
"the",
"continent",
".",
"A",
"diverse",
"group",
"of",
"ant",
"species",
"belonging",
"to",
"6",
"different",
"subfamilies",
"(",
"Formicinae",
",",
"Myrmeciinae",
",",
"Ponerinae",
",",
"Ectatomminae",
",",
"Myrmicinae",
"and",
"Pseudomyrmecinae",
")",
"and",
"10",
"genera",
"(",
"Solenopsis",
",",
"Formica",
",",
"Myrmecia",
",",
"Tetramorium",
",",
"Pogonomyrmex",
",",
"Pachycondyla",
",",
"Rhytidoponera",
",",
"Pseudomyrmex",
",",
"and",
"Hypoponera",
")",
",",
"and",
"now",
"Odontomachus",
",",
"demonstrate",
"this",
"ability",
".",
"The",
"knowledge",
"that",
"these",
"species",
"of",
"wild",
"ants",
",",
"native",
"or",
"imported",
",",
"could",
"cause",
"serious",
"reactions",
"in",
"patients",
"should",
"result",
"in",
"the",
"most",
"rapid",
"evaluation",
"and",
"emergency",
"treatment",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "species Odontomachus bauri",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 601,
"end": 627
},
{
"text": "hymenopteran species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 519,
"end": 539
},
{
"text": "insects",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 221,
"end": 228
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 442,
"end": 449
},
{
"text": "black ant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 262,
"end": 271
},
{
"text": "ants",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 545,
"end": 549
},
{
"text": "ant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 268,
"end": 271
},
{
"text": "Odontomachus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 609,
"end": 621
},
{
"text": "Vespula sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1210,
"end": 1220
},
{
"text": "Polistes sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1223,
"end": 1234
},
{
"text": "Apis mellifera",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1240,
"end": 1254
},
{
"text": "insects",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1596,
"end": 1603
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1465,
"end": 1472
},
{
"text": "ant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1535,
"end": 1538
},
{
"text": "ant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1610,
"end": 1613
},
{
"text": "O. bauri",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1540,
"end": 1548
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2111,
"end": 2118
},
{
"text": "ants",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2162,
"end": 2166
},
{
"text": "ant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1733,
"end": 1736
},
{
"text": "ant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1806,
"end": 1809
},
{
"text": "ant species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2562,
"end": 2573
},
{
"text": "genera",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2702,
"end": 2708
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2976,
"end": 2984
},
{
"text": "ants",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2917,
"end": 2921
},
{
"text": "ant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2562,
"end": 2565
},
{
"text": "S. invicta",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2430,
"end": 2440
},
{
"text": "S. richteri",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2445,
"end": 2456
},
{
"text": "Formicinae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2612,
"end": 2622
},
{
"text": "Solenopsis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2710,
"end": 2720
},
{
"text": "Formica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2722,
"end": 2729
},
{
"text": "Pogonomyrmex",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2754,
"end": 2766
},
{
"text": "subfamilies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2599,
"end": 2610
},
{
"text": "Myrmeciinae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2624,
"end": 2635
},
{
"text": "Ponerinae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2637,
"end": 2646
},
{
"text": "Ectatomminae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2648,
"end": 2660
},
{
"text": "Myrmicinae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2662,
"end": 2672
},
{
"text": "Pseudomyrmecinae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2677,
"end": 2693
},
{
"text": "Myrmecia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2731,
"end": 2739
},
{
"text": "Tetramorium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2741,
"end": 2752
},
{
"text": "Pachycondyla",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2768,
"end": 2780
},
{
"text": "Rhytidoponera",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2782,
"end": 2795
},
{
"text": "Pseudomyrmex",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2797,
"end": 2809
},
{
"text": "Hypoponera",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2815,
"end": 2825
},
{
"text": "Odontomachus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2836,
"end": 2848
}
] | en |
A 29-year-old woman with a history of gastric bypass a year earlier and a family history of diabetes (aunts with type 2 diabetes; a cousin with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at 7 years of age). She presented two months earlier (20 March 2020) with severe asthenia, fever, stiffness and dyspnoea. She then presented with anosmia and ageusia, with anorexia (25 March). She was admitted to the emergency department and symptomatic treatment was started for suspected COVID-19 infection and she was discharged (blood glucose was normal). Two weeks later, she was symptom-free. However, one month after her first COVID-19 symptoms (24 April), she presented with acute polyuria-polydipsia. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed (12 May) with a blood glucose of 3.7 g/l (20.5 mmol/l), non-significant ketosis (0.7 mmol/l) and normal bicarbonate value (26 mmol/l). The HbA1c value was 1.8% (105 mmol/mol). His weight was 120 kg before gastric bypass and 65 kg before COVID-19 and 57 kg (BMI 21.5kg/m2) at the time of diagnosis of diabetes. The diabetes required insulin immediately, and was treated with a basal bolus regimen. He had no metabolic comorbidities and markers were normal (no hypertension, negative C-reactive protein (< 0.6mg/l, Hdlc 0.46g/l, Ldlc 0.43g/l, triglycerides 0.42g/l, normal ALT, AST, gGT and ferritin, no hepatic steatosis on CT). Lipase and TSH values were normal; pancreatic CT was normal. C-peptide was low at 0.07 pmol/ml (normal values between 0.37 and 1.47). Antibodies against pancreatic beta cells were tested and, finally, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibodies (GAD-65A, 93 IU/ml, N < 17) were positive for immune type 1 diabetes, while anti-tyrosine phosphatase IA2 and anti-zinc transporter-8 antibodies were negative.
SARS-CoV-2 serology was positive, confirming COVID-19 infection.
| [
"",
"A",
"29-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"gastric",
"bypass",
"a",
"year",
"earlier",
"and",
"a",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"diabetes",
"(",
"aunts",
"with",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
";",
"a",
"cousin",
"with",
"type",
"1",
"diabetes",
"diagnosed",
"at",
"7",
"years",
"of",
"age",
")",
".",
"She",
"presented",
"two",
"months",
"earlier",
"(",
"20",
"March",
"2020",
")",
"with",
"severe",
"asthenia",
",",
"fever",
",",
"stiffness",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
".",
"She",
"then",
"presented",
"with",
"anosmia",
"and",
"ageusia",
",",
"with",
"anorexia",
"(",
"25",
"March",
")",
".",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"and",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"for",
"suspected",
"COVID-19",
"infection",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"discharged",
"(",
"blood",
"glucose",
"was",
"normal",
")",
".",
"Two",
"weeks",
"later",
",",
"she",
"was",
"symptom-free",
".",
"However",
",",
"one",
"month",
"after",
"her",
"first",
"COVID-19",
"symptoms",
"(",
"24",
"April",
")",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"acute",
"polyuria-polydipsia",
".",
"Diabetes",
"mellitus",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"(",
"12",
"May",
")",
"with",
"a",
"blood",
"glucose",
"of",
"3",
".",
"7",
"g",
"/",
"l",
"(",
"20",
".",
"5",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
")",
",",
"non-significant",
"ketosis",
"(",
"0",
".",
"7",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
")",
"and",
"normal",
"bicarbonate",
"value",
"(",
"26",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
")",
".",
"The",
"HbA1c",
"value",
"was",
"1",
".",
"8",
"%",
"(",
"105",
"mmol",
"/",
"mol",
")",
".",
"His",
"weight",
"was",
"120",
"kg",
"before",
"gastric",
"bypass",
"and",
"65",
"kg",
"before",
"COVID-19",
"and",
"57",
"kg",
"(",
"BMI",
"21",
".",
"5kg",
"/",
"m2",
")",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"diabetes",
".",
"The",
"diabetes",
"required",
"insulin",
"immediately",
",",
"and",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"a",
"basal",
"bolus",
"regimen",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"metabolic",
"comorbidities",
"and",
"markers",
"were",
"normal",
"(",
"no",
"hypertension",
",",
"negative",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"<",
"0",
".",
"6mg",
"/",
"l",
",",
"Hdlc",
"0",
".",
"46g",
"/",
"l",
",",
"Ldlc",
"0",
".",
"43g",
"/",
"l",
",",
"triglycerides",
"0",
".",
"42g",
"/",
"l",
",",
"normal",
"ALT",
",",
"AST",
",",
"gGT",
"and",
"ferritin",
",",
"no",
"hepatic",
"steatosis",
"on",
"CT",
")",
".",
"Lipase",
"and",
"TSH",
"values",
"were",
"normal",
";",
"pancreatic",
"CT",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"C-peptide",
"was",
"low",
"at",
"0",
".",
"07",
"pmol",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"normal",
"values",
"between",
"0",
".",
"37",
"and",
"1",
".",
"47",
")",
".",
"Antibodies",
"against",
"pancreatic",
"beta",
"cells",
"were",
"tested",
"and",
",",
"finally",
",",
"anti-glutamic",
"acid",
"decarboxylase-65",
"autoantibodies",
"(",
"GAD-65A",
",",
"93",
"IU",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"N",
"<",
"17",
")",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"immune",
"type",
"1",
"diabetes",
",",
"while",
"anti-tyrosine",
"phosphatase",
"IA2",
"and",
"anti-zinc",
"transporter-8",
"antibodies",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"serology",
"was",
"positive",
",",
"confirming",
"COVID-19",
"infection",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 75,
"end": 81
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 20
},
{
"text": "cousin",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 133,
"end": 139
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1753,
"end": 1763
}
] | en |
Three year old patient.
No remarkable perinatal history.
Normal weight-bearing and psychomotor development. Vaccinated according to schedule.
Episode of mild bronchiolitis at 5 months. Good evolution with outpatient treatment.
At 18 months of age he began recurrent wheezing and saturation drops, treated with inhaled Ventolin and oral corticosteroids in some episodes.
At two years of age he was admitted for spastic bronchitis with poor response to outpatient treatment: inhaled beta-2 in chamber and oral corticosteroids.
Sudden drop in saturation. Afebrile
Nasopharyngeal smear: negative for RSV, adenovirus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus. CRP: 11 mg/L.
Chest X-ray: normal.
He was treated with nebulised Ventolin for three days. He evolved well and was discharged.
He started preventive inhaled therapy with budesonide 400 mcg/day.
Twenty days after discharge he presented with an intense emetic cough, with rhonchi and bilateral crackles. Afebrile.
Poor response to inhaled therapy.
Clinical and cardiopulmonary auscultation improved with oral antibiotic: amoxicillin 80mg/kg/day for 10 days.
Preventive therapy with inhaled budesonide is maintained.
Episodes of intermittent productive cough of variable duration (10-14 days) for 5 months, treated with inhaled therapy with very irregular evolution, are recorded in the clinical history.
SECOND ADMISSION
Five months after the first admission, he presented a high fever of 5 days' evolution with intense cough and crackles in the lung bases, and antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was started.
Two days later he was seen again with fever and hypoxaemia.
He was referred to a hospital for assessment and was admitted for hypoxaemia.
Chest X-ray on admission with bilateral bronchial infiltrates and right basal consolidation. CRP: 11.5 mg/L, PCT: 0.259 ng/mL.
Anti Epstein barr IgM positive, Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM doubtful, Chlamydia Ig M and IgG Negative; Coxiella burnetti F2 IgM positive (Verbally reported as most likely false positive); Legionella IgG and IgM negative.
Adenovirus and Enterovirus positive. Other viruses negative.
PCR: 11.5 mg/L, PCT: 0.259 ng/ml.
Antibiotic therapy was withdrawn during admission. Fever subsided within 48 hours and he responded well to oxygen therapy and inhaled beta-2.
He was discharged with a diagnosis of viral pneumonia.
Twenty days after discharge, productive cough persisted. He received a new course of oral amoxicillin (10 days), with disappearance of cough and no alterations in pulmonary auscultation.
Outpatient Mantoux test and first level screening for recurrent infections were performed: Haemogram, biochemistry, Igs levels, complement, with no notable alterations.
Due to his history of pneumonia and evolution after discharge with cough and altered pulmonary auscultation, the chest X-ray was repeated one and a half months after admission.
Persistent right basal condensation and rail images suggestive of bronchiectasis were observed.
He was referred to the pulmonology department, which completed the study with a CAT scan (high-resolution CT): central bronchial obstructions were observed in the middle lobe and medial segments of the right lower lobe and anteromedial segments of the left lower lobe, with postobstructive bronchiectasis and air trapping.
Given the results of the CAT scan, they decided to perform fibrobronchoscopy.
Bronchoalveolar lavage culture: Haemophilus influenzae (sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid). Mycobacteria and fungi: negative.
Antibiotherapy with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for 14 days.
Lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin subclasses: normal.
Aspergillus-specific Ig E: negative.
Sweat test: 24 mmol/L (normal).
Vaccine response: pneumococcus, tetanus, Haemophilus: normal.
Complement study: CH-50 38.1 IU/ml; C-3 113 mlgrs/100; C-4 28 mlgrs/100: normal.
He received a dose of 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine followed by a dose of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine two months later.
At present he is undergoing respiratory physiotherapy as the only basic treatment.
She has presented new episodes of productive cough without fever with response to beta 2 inhaled on demand and respiratory physiotherapy without hypoxaemia.
| [
"Three",
"year",
"old",
"patient",
".",
"No",
"remarkable",
"perinatal",
"history",
".",
"Normal",
"weight-bearing",
"and",
"psychomotor",
"development",
".",
"Vaccinated",
"according",
"to",
"schedule",
".",
"Episode",
"of",
"mild",
"bronchiolitis",
"at",
"5",
"months",
".",
"Good",
"evolution",
"with",
"outpatient",
"treatment",
".",
"At",
"18",
"months",
"of",
"age",
"he",
"began",
"recurrent",
"wheezing",
"and",
"saturation",
"drops",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"inhaled",
"Ventolin",
"and",
"oral",
"corticosteroids",
"in",
"some",
"episodes",
".",
"At",
"two",
"years",
"of",
"age",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"spastic",
"bronchitis",
"with",
"poor",
"response",
"to",
"outpatient",
"treatment",
":",
"inhaled",
"beta-2",
"in",
"chamber",
"and",
"oral",
"corticosteroids",
".",
"Sudden",
"drop",
"in",
"saturation",
".",
"Afebrile",
"Nasopharyngeal",
"smear",
":",
"negative",
"for",
"RSV",
",",
"adenovirus",
",",
"influenza",
"A",
"virus",
"and",
"influenza",
"B",
"virus",
".",
"CRP",
":",
"11",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"normal",
".",
"He",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"nebulised",
"Ventolin",
"for",
"three",
"days",
".",
"He",
"evolved",
"well",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
".",
"He",
"started",
"preventive",
"inhaled",
"therapy",
"with",
"budesonide",
"400",
"mcg",
"/",
"day",
".",
"Twenty",
"days",
"after",
"discharge",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"an",
"intense",
"emetic",
"cough",
",",
"with",
"rhonchi",
"and",
"bilateral",
"crackles",
".",
"Afebrile",
".",
"Poor",
"response",
"to",
"inhaled",
"therapy",
".",
"Clinical",
"and",
"cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"improved",
"with",
"oral",
"antibiotic",
":",
"amoxicillin",
"80mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
"for",
"10",
"days",
".",
"Preventive",
"therapy",
"with",
"inhaled",
"budesonide",
"is",
"maintained",
".",
"Episodes",
"of",
"intermittent",
"productive",
"cough",
"of",
"variable",
"duration",
"(",
"10-14",
"days",
")",
"for",
"5",
"months",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"inhaled",
"therapy",
"with",
"very",
"irregular",
"evolution",
",",
"are",
"recorded",
"in",
"the",
"clinical",
"history",
".",
"SECOND",
"ADMISSION",
"Five",
"months",
"after",
"the",
"first",
"admission",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"a",
"high",
"fever",
"of",
"5",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
"with",
"intense",
"cough",
"and",
"crackles",
"in",
"the",
"lung",
"bases",
",",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"with",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"was",
"started",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"later",
"he",
"was",
"seen",
"again",
"with",
"fever",
"and",
"hypoxaemia",
".",
"He",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"a",
"hospital",
"for",
"assessment",
"and",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"hypoxaemia",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"on",
"admission",
"with",
"bilateral",
"bronchial",
"infiltrates",
"and",
"right",
"basal",
"consolidation",
".",
"CRP",
":",
"11",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"PCT",
":",
"0",
".",
"259",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
".",
"Anti",
"Epstein",
"barr",
"IgM",
"positive",
",",
"Mycoplasma",
"pneumoniae",
"IgM",
"doubtful",
",",
"Chlamydia",
"Ig",
"M",
"and",
"IgG",
"Negative",
";",
"Coxiella",
"burnetti",
"F2",
"IgM",
"positive",
"(",
"Verbally",
"reported",
"as",
"most",
"likely",
"false",
"positive",
")",
";",
"Legionella",
"IgG",
"and",
"IgM",
"negative",
".",
"Adenovirus",
"and",
"Enterovirus",
"positive",
".",
"Other",
"viruses",
"negative",
".",
"PCR",
":",
"11",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"PCT",
":",
"0",
".",
"259",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"withdrawn",
"during",
"admission",
".",
"Fever",
"subsided",
"within",
"48",
"hours",
"and",
"he",
"responded",
"well",
"to",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"and",
"inhaled",
"beta-2",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"viral",
"pneumonia",
".",
"Twenty",
"days",
"after",
"discharge",
",",
"productive",
"cough",
"persisted",
".",
"He",
"received",
"a",
"new",
"course",
"of",
"oral",
"amoxicillin",
"(",
"10",
"days",
")",
",",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"cough",
"and",
"no",
"alterations",
"in",
"pulmonary",
"auscultation",
".",
"Outpatient",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"and",
"first",
"level",
"screening",
"for",
"recurrent",
"infections",
"were",
"performed",
":",
"Haemogram",
",",
"biochemistry",
",",
"Igs",
"levels",
",",
"complement",
",",
"with",
"no",
"notable",
"alterations",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"his",
"history",
"of",
"pneumonia",
"and",
"evolution",
"after",
"discharge",
"with",
"cough",
"and",
"altered",
"pulmonary",
"auscultation",
",",
"the",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"repeated",
"one",
"and",
"a",
"half",
"months",
"after",
"admission",
".",
"Persistent",
"right",
"basal",
"condensation",
"and",
"rail",
"images",
"suggestive",
"of",
"bronchiectasis",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"He",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"pulmonology",
"department",
",",
"which",
"completed",
"the",
"study",
"with",
"a",
"CAT",
"scan",
"(",
"high-resolution",
"CT",
")",
":",
"central",
"bronchial",
"obstructions",
"were",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"lobe",
"and",
"medial",
"segments",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"lobe",
"and",
"anteromedial",
"segments",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"lobe",
",",
"with",
"postobstructive",
"bronchiectasis",
"and",
"air",
"trapping",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"CAT",
"scan",
",",
"they",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"fibrobronchoscopy",
".",
"Bronchoalveolar",
"lavage",
"culture",
":",
"Haemophilus",
"influenzae",
"(",
"sensitive",
"to",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
")",
".",
"Mycobacteria",
"and",
"fungi",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Antibiotherapy",
"with",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"for",
"14",
"days",
".",
"Lymphocyte",
"subpopulations",
"and",
"immunoglobulin",
"subclasses",
":",
"normal",
".",
"Aspergillus-specific",
"Ig",
"E",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Sweat",
"test",
":",
"24",
"mmol",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"normal",
")",
".",
"Vaccine",
"response",
":",
"pneumococcus",
",",
"tetanus",
",",
"Haemophilus",
":",
"normal",
".",
"Complement",
"study",
":",
"CH-50",
"38",
".",
"1",
"IU",
"/",
"ml",
";",
"C-3",
"113",
"mlgrs",
"/",
"100",
";",
"C-4",
"28",
"mlgrs",
"/",
"100",
":",
"normal",
".",
"He",
"received",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"13-valent",
"pneumococcal",
"vaccine",
"followed",
"by",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"23-valent",
"pneumococcal",
"vaccine",
"two",
"months",
"later",
".",
"At",
"present",
"he",
"is",
"undergoing",
"respiratory",
"physiotherapy",
"as",
"the",
"only",
"basic",
"treatment",
".",
"She",
"has",
"presented",
"new",
"episodes",
"of",
"productive",
"cough",
"without",
"fever",
"with",
"response",
"to",
"beta",
"2",
"inhaled",
"on",
"demand",
"and",
"respiratory",
"physiotherapy",
"without",
"hypoxaemia",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 22
},
{
"text": "Vaccinated",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 108,
"end": 118
},
{
"text": "adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 602,
"end": 612
},
{
"text": "RSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 597,
"end": 600
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 626,
"end": 631
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 648,
"end": 653
},
{
"text": "influenza A virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 614,
"end": 631
},
{
"text": "influenza B virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 636,
"end": 653
},
{
"text": "Chlamydia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1914,
"end": 1923
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetti",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1947,
"end": 1964
},
{
"text": "Epstein barr",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1851,
"end": 1863
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2032,
"end": 2042
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1878,
"end": 1899
},
{
"text": "Adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2065,
"end": 2075
},
{
"text": "Enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2080,
"end": 2091
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2340,
"end": 2345
},
{
"text": "Haemophilus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3419,
"end": 3430
},
{
"text": "Mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3486,
"end": 3498
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3503,
"end": 3508
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3647,
"end": 3658
},
{
"text": "Haemophilus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3757,
"end": 3768
},
{
"text": "pneumococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3734,
"end": 3746
}
] | en |
Subsets and Splits