text
stringlengths 381
14.6k
| tokens
sequencelengths 71
2.42k
| ner_tags
sequencelengths 71
2.42k
| entity_mentions
listlengths 0
90
| language
stringclasses 1
value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Personal history
No known drug allergies. Toxic habits: smoker of 1 pack/day. Intervened for pneumothorax more than 15 years ago. Admitted 11 days earlier to the Respiratory Department with the diagnosis of probable moderate COPD and respiratory infection treated with levofloxacin for 7 days with good evolution. Blood cultures during this admission, positive for Lactobacillus rhamnosus, interpreted by the laboratory as possible contamination. Current treatment: citalopram 20 mg, inhaled glycopyrronium and paracetamol. Baseline functional status: higher functions preserved, works as a shop assistant in a clothing shop. Lives with her husband and children. Present illness Progressive dyspnoea of 3 days evolution. Today dyspnoea at rest. 4 days ago, fever peak of up to 37.8°C and pain in the right hip which subsided on its own, for which she did not consult the doctor.
Physical examination
BP 110/62, HR 115 bpm, Ta 37.7°C, O2 Sat (Ventimask 40 %) 95 %. Tachypnoea of 18 rpm. On inspection, the patient was normal colour, with good hydration of skin and mucous membranes. On cardiac auscultation, the heart is rhythmic, with systolic murmur mitral focus. Pulmonary auscultation shows crackles in the middle and lower fields and scattered wheezing. The abdomen is soft and depressible, painless on palpation with sounds present. The lower extremities are free of oedema and the paedial pulses are present and symmetrical.
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS
ECG: sinus tachycardia at 115 bpm. Chest X-ray: cardiac silhouette at the upper limit of normality. Laboratory tests: PO2 80 mmHg; PCO2 34 mmHg; pH 7.49; HCO3 25.9 mmol/l; lactate 10 mg/dl. Glucose 112 mg/dl; creatinine 0.63 mg/dl; GPT 15 U/l; Na 137 mmol/l; K 3.99 mmol/l; CK 16 U/l; LDH 194 U/l; CRP 11.29 mg/dl; PCT 0.18 ng/ml. Hb 10.3 g/dl; platelets 207,000/μL; leukocytes 9,200/μL (N 78.5 %). IP 100 %; INR 1.
Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram: the left ventricle is not dilated or hypertrophic, with good global systolic function and hyperdynamic. The mitral valve shows several images, the largest measuring 19 x 6 mm, compatible with endocardial vegetations. The posterior leaflet shows a large perforation with massive regurgitation.
The aortic valve shows an image in the LVOT dependent on the non-coronary leaflet (13 x 6 mm), which appears perforated and there is a significant coaptation defect leading to severe regurgitation in relation to the involvement of the right coronary artery. The right ventricle is not dilated, with good systolic function. No pericardial effusion was observed. Coronary angiography: coronary network without lesions.
EVOLUTION
In view of the findings described above, the patient was admitted to the Coronary Unit, where the TEE was performed. Treatment was started with intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin. Given that she was admitted with heart failure, she underwent double valve replacement within 24 hours, aortic (Carbomedics Top Hat no. 21) and mitral (Bicarbon Fitline no. 27). The cardiac surgery was uneventful, with an ischaemia time of 102 min and CPB time of 123 min. The surgeon described the following intraoperative findings: warts on the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, warts on the non-coronary leaflet of the aortic valve with the rings of both valves well preserved. The specimen was sent to anatomical pathology and microbiology for culture, subsequently confirming infection by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. He arrived at the Coronary Care Unit, from the operating theatre, haemodynamically unstable with noradrenaline at 0.2 μg/kg/min, in sinus tachycardia 135 bpm with BP 80/50 mmHg. Echocardioscopy (V-Scan) was performed, showing severe biventricular dysfunction (estimated LVEF 10%), without pericardial effusion. The findings are confirmed, as well as the normofunction of both prostheses by TEE (Video 5 and 6). Therefore, intensive serum therapy is started and noradrenaline (up to 2 μg/kg/min), dopamine (up to 20 μg/kg/min) and adrenaline (up to 0.4 μg/kg/min) are progressively administered in increasing doses. With this, we achieved a MAP 65-70 mmHg, CVP 18 mmHg, HR 110 bpm, CO 3.2 L/min and IC 2.3 L/min/m2. However, he persisted with oliguria and increasing lividity in the atria and lower extremities in an ascending manner. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation implantation was chosen. Despite counterpulsation (1:1) and the "stability" of haemodynamic parameters, the data of cardiogenic shock with peripheral hypoperfusion were increasing (lactate 10 --> 145 mg/dl; creatinine 0.63 --> 2.19 mg/dl; GPT 15 --> 3,068 U/l). Therefore, veno-arterial ECMO implantation with peripheral access is indicated, guided by TEE, which is carried out successfully. Subsequently, the patient evolved favourably, with a progressive decrease in the analytical parameters of peripheral hypoperfusion, and the doses of inovasoactive drugs were gradually reduced. Finally, after 14 days, IABP was withdrawn and 24 hours later, ECMO was withdrawn, with good haemodynamic tolerance. After 30 days in the Intensive Care Unit, she was discharged to the hospital ward.
DIAGNOSIS
Infective endocarditis on native mitral and aortic valves due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus, complicated by heart failure. Mitral and aortic valve replacement surgery. Cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery requiring assistance with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and ECMO, with good evolution.
| [
"Personal",
"history",
"No",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
".",
"Toxic",
"habits",
":",
"smoker",
"of",
"1",
"pack",
"/",
"day",
".",
"Intervened",
"for",
"pneumothorax",
"more",
"than",
"15",
"years",
"ago",
".",
"Admitted",
"11",
"days",
"earlier",
"to",
"the",
"Respiratory",
"Department",
"with",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"probable",
"moderate",
"COPD",
"and",
"respiratory",
"infection",
"treated",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
"for",
"7",
"days",
"with",
"good",
"evolution",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"during",
"this",
"admission",
",",
"positive",
"for",
"Lactobacillus",
"rhamnosus",
",",
"interpreted",
"by",
"the",
"laboratory",
"as",
"possible",
"contamination",
".",
"Current",
"treatment",
":",
"citalopram",
"20",
"mg",
",",
"inhaled",
"glycopyrronium",
"and",
"paracetamol",
".",
"Baseline",
"functional",
"status",
":",
"higher",
"functions",
"preserved",
",",
"works",
"as",
"a",
"shop",
"assistant",
"in",
"a",
"clothing",
"shop",
".",
"Lives",
"with",
"her",
"husband",
"and",
"children",
".",
"Present",
"illness",
"Progressive",
"dyspnoea",
"of",
"3",
"days",
"evolution",
".",
"Today",
"dyspnoea",
"at",
"rest",
".",
"4",
"days",
"ago",
",",
"fever",
"peak",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"37",
".",
"8",
"°",
"C",
"and",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hip",
"which",
"subsided",
"on",
"its",
"own",
",",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"did",
"not",
"consult",
"the",
"doctor",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"BP",
"110",
"/",
"62",
",",
"HR",
"115",
"bpm",
",",
"Ta",
"37",
".",
"7",
"°",
"C",
",",
"O2",
"Sat",
"(",
"Ventimask",
"40",
"%",
")",
"95",
"%",
".",
"Tachypnoea",
"of",
"18",
"rpm",
".",
"On",
"inspection",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"normal",
"colour",
",",
"with",
"good",
"hydration",
"of",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
".",
"On",
"cardiac",
"auscultation",
",",
"the",
"heart",
"is",
"rhythmic",
",",
"with",
"systolic",
"murmur",
"mitral",
"focus",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"auscultation",
"shows",
"crackles",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"and",
"lower",
"fields",
"and",
"scattered",
"wheezing",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"is",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"painless",
"on",
"palpation",
"with",
"sounds",
"present",
".",
"The",
"lower",
"extremities",
"are",
"free",
"of",
"oedema",
"and",
"the",
"paedial",
"pulses",
"are",
"present",
"and",
"symmetrical",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"ECG",
":",
"sinus",
"tachycardia",
"at",
"115",
"bpm",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"cardiac",
"silhouette",
"at",
"the",
"upper",
"limit",
"of",
"normality",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
":",
"PO2",
"80",
"mmHg",
";",
"PCO2",
"34",
"mmHg",
";",
"pH",
"7",
".",
"49",
";",
"HCO3",
"25",
".",
"9",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
";",
"lactate",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Glucose",
"112",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"63",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"GPT",
"15",
"U",
"/",
"l",
";",
"Na",
"137",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
";",
"K",
"3",
".",
"99",
"mmol",
"/",
"l",
";",
"CK",
"16",
"U",
"/",
"l",
";",
"LDH",
"194",
"U",
"/",
"l",
";",
"CRP",
"11",
".",
"29",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"PCT",
"0",
".",
"18",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
".",
"Hb",
"10",
".",
"3",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"platelets",
"207",
",",
"000",
"/",
"μL",
";",
"leukocytes",
"9",
",",
"200",
"/",
"μL",
"(",
"N",
"78",
".",
"5",
"%",
")",
".",
"IP",
"100",
"%",
";",
"INR",
"1",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"and",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
":",
"the",
"left",
"ventricle",
"is",
"not",
"dilated",
"or",
"hypertrophic",
",",
"with",
"good",
"global",
"systolic",
"function",
"and",
"hyperdynamic",
".",
"The",
"mitral",
"valve",
"shows",
"several",
"images",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"measuring",
"19",
"x",
"6",
"mm",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"endocardial",
"vegetations",
".",
"The",
"posterior",
"leaflet",
"shows",
"a",
"large",
"perforation",
"with",
"massive",
"regurgitation",
".",
"The",
"aortic",
"valve",
"shows",
"an",
"image",
"in",
"the",
"LVOT",
"dependent",
"on",
"the",
"non-coronary",
"leaflet",
"(",
"13",
"x",
"6",
"mm",
")",
",",
"which",
"appears",
"perforated",
"and",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"significant",
"coaptation",
"defect",
"leading",
"to",
"severe",
"regurgitation",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"the",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"coronary",
"artery",
".",
"The",
"right",
"ventricle",
"is",
"not",
"dilated",
",",
"with",
"good",
"systolic",
"function",
".",
"No",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"Coronary",
"angiography",
":",
"coronary",
"network",
"without",
"lesions",
".",
"EVOLUTION",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"findings",
"described",
"above",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Coronary",
"Unit",
",",
"where",
"the",
"TEE",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"intravenous",
"ampicillin",
"and",
"gentamicin",
".",
"Given",
"that",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"heart",
"failure",
",",
"she",
"underwent",
"double",
"valve",
"replacement",
"within",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"aortic",
"(",
"Carbomedics",
"Top",
"Hat",
"no",
".",
"21",
")",
"and",
"mitral",
"(",
"Bicarbon",
"Fitline",
"no",
".",
"27",
")",
".",
"The",
"cardiac",
"surgery",
"was",
"uneventful",
",",
"with",
"an",
"ischaemia",
"time",
"of",
"102",
"min",
"and",
"CPB",
"time",
"of",
"123",
"min",
".",
"The",
"surgeon",
"described",
"the",
"following",
"intraoperative",
"findings",
":",
"warts",
"on",
"the",
"posterior",
"leaflet",
"of",
"the",
"mitral",
"valve",
",",
"warts",
"on",
"the",
"non-coronary",
"leaflet",
"of",
"the",
"aortic",
"valve",
"with",
"the",
"rings",
"of",
"both",
"valves",
"well",
"preserved",
".",
"The",
"specimen",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"anatomical",
"pathology",
"and",
"microbiology",
"for",
"culture",
",",
"subsequently",
"confirming",
"infection",
"by",
"Lactobacillus",
"rhamnosus",
".",
"He",
"arrived",
"at",
"the",
"Coronary",
"Care",
"Unit",
",",
"from",
"the",
"operating",
"theatre",
",",
"haemodynamically",
"unstable",
"with",
"noradrenaline",
"at",
"0",
".",
"2",
"μg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"min",
",",
"in",
"sinus",
"tachycardia",
"135",
"bpm",
"with",
"BP",
"80",
"/",
"50",
"mmHg",
".",
"Echocardioscopy",
"(",
"V-Scan",
")",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"severe",
"biventricular",
"dysfunction",
"(",
"estimated",
"LVEF",
"10",
"%",
")",
",",
"without",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
".",
"The",
"findings",
"are",
"confirmed",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"normofunction",
"of",
"both",
"prostheses",
"by",
"TEE",
"(",
"Video",
"5",
"and",
"6",
")",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"intensive",
"serum",
"therapy",
"is",
"started",
"and",
"noradrenaline",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"2",
"μg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"min",
")",
",",
"dopamine",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"20",
"μg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"min",
")",
"and",
"adrenaline",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"0",
".",
"4",
"μg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"min",
")",
"are",
"progressively",
"administered",
"in",
"increasing",
"doses",
".",
"With",
"this",
",",
"we",
"achieved",
"a",
"MAP",
"65-70",
"mmHg",
",",
"CVP",
"18",
"mmHg",
",",
"HR",
"110",
"bpm",
",",
"CO",
"3",
".",
"2",
"L",
"/",
"min",
"and",
"IC",
"2",
".",
"3",
"L",
"/",
"min",
"/",
"m2",
".",
"However",
",",
"he",
"persisted",
"with",
"oliguria",
"and",
"increasing",
"lividity",
"in",
"the",
"atria",
"and",
"lower",
"extremities",
"in",
"an",
"ascending",
"manner",
".",
"Intra-aortic",
"balloon",
"counterpulsation",
"implantation",
"was",
"chosen",
".",
"Despite",
"counterpulsation",
"(",
"1",
":",
"1",
")",
"and",
"the",
"\"",
"stability",
"\"",
"of",
"haemodynamic",
"parameters",
",",
"the",
"data",
"of",
"cardiogenic",
"shock",
"with",
"peripheral",
"hypoperfusion",
"were",
"increasing",
"(",
"lactate",
"10",
"-",
"-",
">",
"145",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"63",
"-",
"-",
">",
"2",
".",
"19",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"GPT",
"15",
"-",
"-",
">",
"3",
",",
"068",
"U",
"/",
"l",
")",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"veno-arterial",
"ECMO",
"implantation",
"with",
"peripheral",
"access",
"is",
"indicated",
",",
"guided",
"by",
"TEE",
",",
"which",
"is",
"carried",
"out",
"successfully",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"evolved",
"favourably",
",",
"with",
"a",
"progressive",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"analytical",
"parameters",
"of",
"peripheral",
"hypoperfusion",
",",
"and",
"the",
"doses",
"of",
"inovasoactive",
"drugs",
"were",
"gradually",
"reduced",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"after",
"14",
"days",
",",
"IABP",
"was",
"withdrawn",
"and",
"24",
"hours",
"later",
",",
"ECMO",
"was",
"withdrawn",
",",
"with",
"good",
"haemodynamic",
"tolerance",
".",
"After",
"30",
"days",
"in",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
",",
"she",
"was",
"discharged",
"to",
"the",
"hospital",
"ward",
".",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Infective",
"endocarditis",
"on",
"native",
"mitral",
"and",
"aortic",
"valves",
"due",
"to",
"Lactobacillus",
"rhamnosus",
",",
"complicated",
"by",
"heart",
"failure",
".",
"Mitral",
"and",
"aortic",
"valve",
"replacement",
"surgery",
".",
"Cardiogenic",
"shock",
"after",
"cardiac",
"surgery",
"requiring",
"assistance",
"with",
"intra-aortic",
"balloon",
"counterpulsation",
"and",
"ECMO",
",",
"with",
"good",
"evolution",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "children",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 653,
"end": 661
},
{
"text": "husband",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 641,
"end": 648
},
{
"text": "Lactobacillus rhamnosus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 365,
"end": 388
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1006,
"end": 1013
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2686,
"end": 2693
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4730,
"end": 4737
},
{
"text": "Lactobacillus rhamnosus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3423,
"end": 3446
},
{
"text": "surgeon",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3101,
"end": 3108
},
{
"text": "Lactobacillus rhamnosus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5181,
"end": 5204
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 65-year-old man was admitted to the Neurology Department for the study of dysaesthesia in the arms and legs. Personal history: arterial hypertension, ex-smoker for a year, with an accumulated rate of 100 pack-years, ischaemic heart disease of the acute myocardial infarction type with lateral location grade I of the Killip classification a year ago, with revascularisation by implanting a drug-eluting stent in the D1 segment of the diagonal artery and mild anaemia with an iron deficiency profile. He is retired, worked in construction, has a good baseline situation and is independent for basic activities of daily living. His usual medication is acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg/24 h, clopidogrel 75 mg/24 h, enalapril 2.5 mg/12 h, atorvastatin 20 mg/24 h, atenolol 50 mg/12 h, omeprazole 20 mg/24 h, nitroglycerin in transdermal patches for 12 hours a day and zolpidem 10 mg before a night's rest. For the last 7 months, the patient reports a burning sensation of dysaesthesia in the feet (predominantly in the inner edge of the plantar areas, first toe and first interdigital space), as well as in the wrists and forearms, which is constant, with fluctuations in intensity throughout the day, and which worsens during the night. In association with this, she reports burning pain in the left hemithorax, radiating to the left shoulder, fluctuating throughout the day, with no associated vegetative cortex, and not reminiscent of previous pain associated with ischaemic heart disease. The clinical onset was acute (not abrupt), with no significant clinical progression. He denies any temporal relationship with changes in medication, intake of toxic substances, infectious processes or any other event. Twenty days prior to admission to hospital, treatment with pregabalin, tramadol and amitriptyline was introduced on an ascending schedule, with no apparent initial response. The patient has been in a state of mood disturbance for the last 6 months, with marked irritability.
Physical examination
Temperature 36 oC. Blood pressure 147/92 mmHg. Heart rate 94 bpm. Oxygen saturation 96% basal. Slight cutaneous-mucosal pallor. No other significant findings. Neurological examination: there was a touch-algesic hypoaesthesia in both feet up to the inframalleolar level, predominantly at the level of the internal plantar border, with decreased proprioceptive and vibratory sensitivity in the left foot. Muscle stretch reflexes are preserved in the lower limbs (++/++++) and slightly hypoactive in the upper limbs (+/++++), symmetrical. The rest of the neurological examination (cortical functions, cranial nerves, motor system, rest of the sensory examination, cerebellar examination, gait, meningeal signs) is unaltered.
Complementary tests
- General biochemistry: no alterations, including creatinine 0.69 mg/dl, calcium 9.1 mg/dl, C-reactive protein (CRP) < 0.3 mg/dl. Blood count: haemoglobin 10.9 g/dl, mean corpuscular volume 90.7 fl, mean corpuscular haemoglobin 28.7 pg, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 80 mm/h, rest unchanged. Iron profile: ferritin 12 ng/ml, iron 82 μg/dl, transferrin 340 mg/dl, total iron binding capacity 479 μg/dl, transferrin saturation 17.1%. Vitamin B 12 and folic acid levels, as well as coagulation, urine systematics and autoimmunity study without alterations.
- Electrophoretic study: presence of a monoclonal band in the beta fraction (11%) and another monoclonal band in the gamma fraction (2%).
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels: elevated IgA levels (1,400 mg/dl; normal parameters between 70 and 400 mg/dl). IgG and IgM levels within normal limits.
- Serum immunofixation. IgA: 2 monoclonal bands of different intensity; kappa: 2 monoclonal bands of different intensity. IgM, IgG and lambda: normal.
- Urine immunofixation: no alterations.
- Bone marrow cytology: bone marrow aspirate infiltrated by 13% atypical plasma cells.
- Bone marrow biopsy: the structure is recognisable, but is distorted by an infiltrate of plasma cells with mild atypia, arranged in nests, also perivascular and extending into the adjacent interstitium. Immunohistochemistry shows kappa/lambda ratio > 20:1. Conclusion: bone marrow with an image suggestive of multiple myeloma infiltration.
- Cellular immunophenotype: plasma cell population 3% with immunophenotype and abnormal ratio between normal and pathological plasma cells.
- Electromyography (EMG): mild axonal polyneuropathy in the lower limbs.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): sinus rhythm at 90 bpm; image compatible with old anteroseptal infarction. - Serology: Borrelia IgG negative. HBV,Ag-HBs negative; IgG anti-HBc positive 4.09; anti-HBe negative; anti-HBs positive 77.1. HCV: negative antibodies. HIV (1,2): antibody and antigen negative. Rose Bengal negative. Treponema, IgG negative.
- Tumour markers: slight elevation of beta-2-microglobulin (2.8 mg/l; normal parameters between 0.8 and 2.2 mg/l). The rest (alpha-fetoprotein, prostate-specific antigen, gastrin, CEA, CA 15.3, CA 125, CA 19.9, CA 72.4, Cyfra 21.1, neurospecific enolase, calcitonin) were unaltered.
- Chest X-ray (posteroanterior and lateral): no significant alterations.
- Thoracic-abdominal computed tomography (CT): some small left axillary, mediastinal, supra-aortic, pre-tracheal, pre-carinal and para-aortic lymph nodes of normal morphology were observed. No relevant alterations.
- Radiological bone series: no lytic lesions or any other relevant alteration.
Diagnosis
- Quiescent multiple myeloma.
- Axonal polyneuropathy in the lower limbs related to multiple myeloma.
Treatment and course
For symptomatic treatment of the paraesthesias, treatment was adjusted with pregabalin 150 mg/12 h, amitriptyline 25 mg/24 h and ibuprofen 600 mg on demand up to a maximum of every 8 hours, with significant improvement. Regarding the multiple myeloma, it was decided, in consensus with the hospital's haematology department, not to initiate etiological treatment and to observe the evolution, in addition to requesting a biopsy of abdominal fat to rule out myeloma-associated amyloidosis, the results of which are pending.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"65-year-old",
"man",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Neurology",
"Department",
"for",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"dysaesthesia",
"in",
"the",
"arms",
"and",
"legs",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"ex-smoker",
"for",
"a",
"year",
",",
"with",
"an",
"accumulated",
"rate",
"of",
"100",
"pack-years",
",",
"ischaemic",
"heart",
"disease",
"of",
"the",
"acute",
"myocardial",
"infarction",
"type",
"with",
"lateral",
"location",
"grade",
"I",
"of",
"the",
"Killip",
"classification",
"a",
"year",
"ago",
",",
"with",
"revascularisation",
"by",
"implanting",
"a",
"drug-eluting",
"stent",
"in",
"the",
"D1",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"diagonal",
"artery",
"and",
"mild",
"anaemia",
"with",
"an",
"iron",
"deficiency",
"profile",
".",
"He",
"is",
"retired",
",",
"worked",
"in",
"construction",
",",
"has",
"a",
"good",
"baseline",
"situation",
"and",
"is",
"independent",
"for",
"basic",
"activities",
"of",
"daily",
"living",
".",
"His",
"usual",
"medication",
"is",
"acetylsalicylic",
"acid",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
",",
"clopidogrel",
"75",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
",",
"enalapril",
"2",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
",",
"atorvastatin",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
",",
"atenolol",
"50",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
",",
"omeprazole",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
",",
"nitroglycerin",
"in",
"transdermal",
"patches",
"for",
"12",
"hours",
"a",
"day",
"and",
"zolpidem",
"10",
"mg",
"before",
"a",
"night",
"'",
"s",
"rest",
".",
"For",
"the",
"last",
"7",
"months",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reports",
"a",
"burning",
"sensation",
"of",
"dysaesthesia",
"in",
"the",
"feet",
"(",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"inner",
"edge",
"of",
"the",
"plantar",
"areas",
",",
"first",
"toe",
"and",
"first",
"interdigital",
"space",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"in",
"the",
"wrists",
"and",
"forearms",
",",
"which",
"is",
"constant",
",",
"with",
"fluctuations",
"in",
"intensity",
"throughout",
"the",
"day",
",",
"and",
"which",
"worsens",
"during",
"the",
"night",
".",
"In",
"association",
"with",
"this",
",",
"she",
"reports",
"burning",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hemithorax",
",",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"left",
"shoulder",
",",
"fluctuating",
"throughout",
"the",
"day",
",",
"with",
"no",
"associated",
"vegetative",
"cortex",
",",
"and",
"not",
"reminiscent",
"of",
"previous",
"pain",
"associated",
"with",
"ischaemic",
"heart",
"disease",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"onset",
"was",
"acute",
"(",
"not",
"abrupt",
")",
",",
"with",
"no",
"significant",
"clinical",
"progression",
".",
"He",
"denies",
"any",
"temporal",
"relationship",
"with",
"changes",
"in",
"medication",
",",
"intake",
"of",
"toxic",
"substances",
",",
"infectious",
"processes",
"or",
"any",
"other",
"event",
".",
"Twenty",
"days",
"prior",
"to",
"admission",
"to",
"hospital",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"pregabalin",
",",
"tramadol",
"and",
"amitriptyline",
"was",
"introduced",
"on",
"an",
"ascending",
"schedule",
",",
"with",
"no",
"apparent",
"initial",
"response",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"has",
"been",
"in",
"a",
"state",
"of",
"mood",
"disturbance",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"6",
"months",
",",
"with",
"marked",
"irritability",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Temperature",
"36",
"oC",
".",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"147",
"/",
"92",
"mmHg",
".",
"Heart",
"rate",
"94",
"bpm",
".",
"Oxygen",
"saturation",
"96",
"%",
"basal",
".",
"Slight",
"cutaneous-mucosal",
"pallor",
".",
"No",
"other",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
":",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"touch-algesic",
"hypoaesthesia",
"in",
"both",
"feet",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"inframalleolar",
"level",
",",
"predominantly",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"internal",
"plantar",
"border",
",",
"with",
"decreased",
"proprioceptive",
"and",
"vibratory",
"sensitivity",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"foot",
".",
"Muscle",
"stretch",
"reflexes",
"are",
"preserved",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
"(",
"+",
"+",
"/",
"+",
"+",
"+",
"+",
")",
"and",
"slightly",
"hypoactive",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
"(",
"+",
"/",
"+",
"+",
"+",
"+",
")",
",",
"symmetrical",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"neurological",
"examination",
"(",
"cortical",
"functions",
",",
"cranial",
"nerves",
",",
"motor",
"system",
",",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"sensory",
"examination",
",",
"cerebellar",
"examination",
",",
"gait",
",",
"meningeal",
"signs",
")",
"is",
"unaltered",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"General",
"biochemistry",
":",
"no",
"alterations",
",",
"including",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"69",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"calcium",
"9",
".",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"CRP",
")",
"<",
"0",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Blood",
"count",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"10",
".",
"9",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"mean",
"corpuscular",
"volume",
"90",
".",
"7",
"fl",
",",
"mean",
"corpuscular",
"haemoglobin",
"28",
".",
"7",
"pg",
",",
"erythrocyte",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"80",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
",",
"rest",
"unchanged",
".",
"Iron",
"profile",
":",
"ferritin",
"12",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"iron",
"82",
"μg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"transferrin",
"340",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"total",
"iron",
"binding",
"capacity",
"479",
"μg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"transferrin",
"saturation",
"17",
".",
"1",
"%",
".",
"Vitamin",
"B",
"12",
"and",
"folic",
"acid",
"levels",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"coagulation",
",",
"urine",
"systematics",
"and",
"autoimmunity",
"study",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Electrophoretic",
"study",
":",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"monoclonal",
"band",
"in",
"the",
"beta",
"fraction",
"(",
"11",
"%",
")",
"and",
"another",
"monoclonal",
"band",
"in",
"the",
"gamma",
"fraction",
"(",
"2",
"%",
")",
".",
"-",
"Immunoglobulin",
"(",
"Ig",
")",
"levels",
":",
"elevated",
"IgA",
"levels",
"(",
"1",
",",
"400",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"normal",
"parameters",
"between",
"70",
"and",
"400",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
".",
"IgG",
"and",
"IgM",
"levels",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
".",
"-",
"Serum",
"immunofixation",
".",
"IgA",
":",
"2",
"monoclonal",
"bands",
"of",
"different",
"intensity",
";",
"kappa",
":",
"2",
"monoclonal",
"bands",
"of",
"different",
"intensity",
".",
"IgM",
",",
"IgG",
"and",
"lambda",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Urine",
"immunofixation",
":",
"no",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Bone",
"marrow",
"cytology",
":",
"bone",
"marrow",
"aspirate",
"infiltrated",
"by",
"13",
"%",
"atypical",
"plasma",
"cells",
".",
"-",
"Bone",
"marrow",
"biopsy",
":",
"the",
"structure",
"is",
"recognisable",
",",
"but",
"is",
"distorted",
"by",
"an",
"infiltrate",
"of",
"plasma",
"cells",
"with",
"mild",
"atypia",
",",
"arranged",
"in",
"nests",
",",
"also",
"perivascular",
"and",
"extending",
"into",
"the",
"adjacent",
"interstitium",
".",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"shows",
"kappa",
"/",
"lambda",
"ratio",
">",
"20",
":",
"1",
".",
"Conclusion",
":",
"bone",
"marrow",
"with",
"an",
"image",
"suggestive",
"of",
"multiple",
"myeloma",
"infiltration",
".",
"-",
"Cellular",
"immunophenotype",
":",
"plasma",
"cell",
"population",
"3",
"%",
"with",
"immunophenotype",
"and",
"abnormal",
"ratio",
"between",
"normal",
"and",
"pathological",
"plasma",
"cells",
".",
"-",
"Electromyography",
"(",
"EMG",
")",
":",
"mild",
"axonal",
"polyneuropathy",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"-",
"Electrocardiogram",
"(",
"ECG",
")",
":",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
"at",
"90",
"bpm",
";",
"image",
"compatible",
"with",
"old",
"anteroseptal",
"infarction",
".",
"-",
"Serology",
":",
"Borrelia",
"IgG",
"negative",
".",
"HBV",
",",
"Ag-HBs",
"negative",
";",
"IgG",
"anti-HBc",
"positive",
"4",
".",
"09",
";",
"anti-HBe",
"negative",
";",
"anti-HBs",
"positive",
"77",
".",
"1",
".",
"HCV",
":",
"negative",
"antibodies",
".",
"HIV",
"(",
"1",
",",
"2",
")",
":",
"antibody",
"and",
"antigen",
"negative",
".",
"Rose",
"Bengal",
"negative",
".",
"Treponema",
",",
"IgG",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Tumour",
"markers",
":",
"slight",
"elevation",
"of",
"beta-2-microglobulin",
"(",
"2",
".",
"8",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
";",
"normal",
"parameters",
"between",
"0",
".",
"8",
"and",
"2",
".",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
")",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"(",
"alpha-fetoprotein",
",",
"prostate-specific",
"antigen",
",",
"gastrin",
",",
"CEA",
",",
"CA",
"15",
".",
"3",
",",
"CA",
"125",
",",
"CA",
"19",
".",
"9",
",",
"CA",
"72",
".",
"4",
",",
"Cyfra",
"21",
".",
"1",
",",
"neurospecific",
"enolase",
",",
"calcitonin",
")",
"were",
"unaltered",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"(",
"posteroanterior",
"and",
"lateral",
")",
":",
"no",
"significant",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Thoracic-abdominal",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
":",
"some",
"small",
"left",
"axillary",
",",
"mediastinal",
",",
"supra-aortic",
",",
"pre-tracheal",
",",
"pre-carinal",
"and",
"para-aortic",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"of",
"normal",
"morphology",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"No",
"relevant",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Radiological",
"bone",
"series",
":",
"no",
"lytic",
"lesions",
"or",
"any",
"other",
"relevant",
"alteration",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"-",
"Quiescent",
"multiple",
"myeloma",
".",
"-",
"Axonal",
"polyneuropathy",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
"related",
"to",
"multiple",
"myeloma",
".",
"Treatment",
"and",
"course",
"For",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"of",
"the",
"paraesthesias",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"adjusted",
"with",
"pregabalin",
"150",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
",",
"amitriptyline",
"25",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
"and",
"ibuprofen",
"600",
"mg",
"on",
"demand",
"up",
"to",
"a",
"maximum",
"of",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
",",
"with",
"significant",
"improvement",
".",
"Regarding",
"the",
"multiple",
"myeloma",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
",",
"in",
"consensus",
"with",
"the",
"hospital",
"'",
"s",
"haematology",
"department",
",",
"not",
"to",
"initiate",
"etiological",
"treatment",
"and",
"to",
"observe",
"the",
"evolution",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"requesting",
"a",
"biopsy",
"of",
"abdominal",
"fat",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"myeloma-associated",
"amyloidosis",
",",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"which",
"are",
"pending",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "retired",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 518,
"end": 525
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 937,
"end": 944
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1893,
"end": 1900
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 121,
"end": 129
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4544,
"end": 4552
},
{
"text": "HBs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4574,
"end": 4577
},
{
"text": "HBs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4640,
"end": 4643
},
{
"text": "Treponema",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4749,
"end": 4758
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4567,
"end": 4570
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4659,
"end": 4662
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4685,
"end": 4688
},
{
"text": "HBc",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4597,
"end": 4600
},
{
"text": "HBe",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4621,
"end": 4624
}
] | en |
This clinical case corresponds to a 19 year old patient from the canton of La Libertad, in what is now the province of Santa Elena, who grew up in the south of the province of Manabí. He reports that 12 months ago nodular lesions began to appear on the nasal mucosa and the soft palate, which later, as they grew, ulcerated and slowly spread until they now cover almost all the mucosa of the nose, oropharynx, including the cheeks and soft palate, and dysphonia, which suggests invasion of the laryngeal mucosa. Externally, there is protrusion of the profile at the level of the nasolaryngeal area, and marked difficulty in opening the mouth (wide deformation of the profile). The ENT examination is difficult but reveals ulcerations with a granulomatous appearance, which bleed easily and are not very painful. The general condition is preserved, with weight loss in recent months due to difficulty in ingesting food, and the stained examination shows the presence of few amastigotes of Leishmania sp and the RDI with leishmanin is 18mm. Careful examination of the entire skin revealed no scars suggestive of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Based on these findings, treatment was given with trivalent antimonial (Repodral), the only medication available at the time, 1 ampoule intramuscularly per day, as an inpatient at the Infectious Diseases Hospital. In 45 days the improvement was marked, treatment was suspended, and after 6 months fibrous scarring was observed in the whole region, with total loss of tonsils, uvula, soft palate and synechia with the posterior pharyngeal wall, leaving a small communication between the rhino and oropharynx allowing air to pass through. The voice recovered satisfactorily. Scar in the region of the fauces after treatment.
The clinical presentations of ATL in humans are very varied and depend on both the species of parasite and the immune response of the host, so that the same clinical picture can be produced by several species of Leishmania, and the same Leishmania can cause different clinical pictures. In Ecuador, in the coastal region, five species have been identified: L(V) braziliensis, L(V) panamensis, L(V) guyanensis, L(L) mexicana, L(L) amazonensis, L(V) equatoriensis (currently classified in the genus Endotrypanum) and L(L) major-like. These isolates have been made from human lesions, as well as from wild mammals and Lutzomyas insects.
| [
"This",
"clinical",
"case",
"corresponds",
"to",
"a",
"19",
"year",
"old",
"patient",
"from",
"the",
"canton",
"of",
"La",
"Libertad",
",",
"in",
"what",
"is",
"now",
"the",
"province",
"of",
"Santa",
"Elena",
",",
"who",
"grew",
"up",
"in",
"the",
"south",
"of",
"the",
"province",
"of",
"Manabí",
".",
"He",
"reports",
"that",
"12",
"months",
"ago",
"nodular",
"lesions",
"began",
"to",
"appear",
"on",
"the",
"nasal",
"mucosa",
"and",
"the",
"soft",
"palate",
",",
"which",
"later",
",",
"as",
"they",
"grew",
",",
"ulcerated",
"and",
"slowly",
"spread",
"until",
"they",
"now",
"cover",
"almost",
"all",
"the",
"mucosa",
"of",
"the",
"nose",
",",
"oropharynx",
",",
"including",
"the",
"cheeks",
"and",
"soft",
"palate",
",",
"and",
"dysphonia",
",",
"which",
"suggests",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"laryngeal",
"mucosa",
".",
"Externally",
",",
"there",
"is",
"protrusion",
"of",
"the",
"profile",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"nasolaryngeal",
"area",
",",
"and",
"marked",
"difficulty",
"in",
"opening",
"the",
"mouth",
"(",
"wide",
"deformation",
"of",
"the",
"profile",
")",
".",
"The",
"ENT",
"examination",
"is",
"difficult",
"but",
"reveals",
"ulcerations",
"with",
"a",
"granulomatous",
"appearance",
",",
"which",
"bleed",
"easily",
"and",
"are",
"not",
"very",
"painful",
".",
"The",
"general",
"condition",
"is",
"preserved",
",",
"with",
"weight",
"loss",
"in",
"recent",
"months",
"due",
"to",
"difficulty",
"in",
"ingesting",
"food",
",",
"and",
"the",
"stained",
"examination",
"shows",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"few",
"amastigotes",
"of",
"Leishmania",
"sp",
"and",
"the",
"RDI",
"with",
"leishmanin",
"is",
"18mm",
".",
"Careful",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"entire",
"skin",
"revealed",
"no",
"scars",
"suggestive",
"of",
"cutaneous",
"leishmaniasis",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"given",
"with",
"trivalent",
"antimonial",
"(",
"Repodral",
")",
",",
"the",
"only",
"medication",
"available",
"at",
"the",
"time",
",",
"1",
"ampoule",
"intramuscularly",
"per",
"day",
",",
"as",
"an",
"inpatient",
"at",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Hospital",
".",
"In",
"45",
"days",
"the",
"improvement",
"was",
"marked",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"suspended",
",",
"and",
"after",
"6",
"months",
"fibrous",
"scarring",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"whole",
"region",
",",
"with",
"total",
"loss",
"of",
"tonsils",
",",
"uvula",
",",
"soft",
"palate",
"and",
"synechia",
"with",
"the",
"posterior",
"pharyngeal",
"wall",
",",
"leaving",
"a",
"small",
"communication",
"between",
"the",
"rhino",
"and",
"oropharynx",
"allowing",
"air",
"to",
"pass",
"through",
".",
"The",
"voice",
"recovered",
"satisfactorily",
".",
"Scar",
"in",
"the",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"fauces",
"after",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"presentations",
"of",
"ATL",
"in",
"humans",
"are",
"very",
"varied",
"and",
"depend",
"on",
"both",
"the",
"species",
"of",
"parasite",
"and",
"the",
"immune",
"response",
"of",
"the",
"host",
",",
"so",
"that",
"the",
"same",
"clinical",
"picture",
"can",
"be",
"produced",
"by",
"several",
"species",
"of",
"Leishmania",
",",
"and",
"the",
"same",
"Leishmania",
"can",
"cause",
"different",
"clinical",
"pictures",
".",
"In",
"Ecuador",
",",
"in",
"the",
"coastal",
"region",
",",
"five",
"species",
"have",
"been",
"identified",
":",
"L",
"(",
"V",
")",
"braziliensis",
",",
"L",
"(",
"V",
")",
"panamensis",
",",
"L",
"(",
"V",
")",
"guyanensis",
",",
"L",
"(",
"L",
")",
"mexicana",
",",
"L",
"(",
"L",
")",
"amazonensis",
",",
"L",
"(",
"V",
")",
"equatoriensis",
"(",
"currently",
"classified",
"in",
"the",
"genus",
"Endotrypanum",
")",
"and",
"L",
"(",
"L",
")",
"major-like",
".",
"These",
"isolates",
"have",
"been",
"made",
"from",
"human",
"lesions",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"from",
"wild",
"mammals",
"and",
"Lutzomyas",
"insects",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 988,
"end": 998
},
{
"text": "amastigotes of Leishmania sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 973,
"end": 1001
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 48,
"end": 55
},
{
"text": "leishmanin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1019,
"end": 1029
},
{
"text": "genus Endotrypanum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2250,
"end": 2268
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1971,
"end": 1981
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1996,
"end": 2006
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1842,
"end": 1849
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1960,
"end": 1967
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2086,
"end": 2093
},
{
"text": "host",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1893,
"end": 1897
},
{
"text": "Lutzomyas insects",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2374,
"end": 2391
},
{
"text": "mammals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2362,
"end": 2369
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1853,
"end": 1861
},
{
"text": "human",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2326,
"end": 2331
},
{
"text": "L(V) braziliensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2116,
"end": 2133
},
{
"text": "L(V) panamensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2135,
"end": 2150
},
{
"text": "L(V) guyanensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2152,
"end": 2167
},
{
"text": "L(L) amazonensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2184,
"end": 2200
},
{
"text": "L(V) equatoriensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2202,
"end": 2220
},
{
"text": "L(L) major-like",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2274,
"end": 2289
}
] | en |
Male patient aged 43 years, with no drug allergies or personal or family history of interest. He denies taking any drugs. He consulted the emergency department for intense pruritus of one hour's duration together with the appearance of erythematous, papular, pruritic lesions on the forearms and abdomen after pruning a pita (Agave americana) with a chainsaw.
He told us that he was wearing gloves and that he was completely covered with clothing. He had no other symptoms.
Treatment was prescribed as a single dose of intramuscular corticoid and intramuscular antihistamine (dexchlorpheniramine maleate).
He was discharged with oral antihistamine: loratadine 10 mg 1 tablet per day.
| [
"Male",
"patient",
"aged",
"43",
"years",
",",
"with",
"no",
"drug",
"allergies",
"or",
"personal",
"or",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"He",
"denies",
"taking",
"any",
"drugs",
".",
"He",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"intense",
"pruritus",
"of",
"one",
"hour",
"'",
"s",
"duration",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"erythematous",
",",
"papular",
",",
"pruritic",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"forearms",
"and",
"abdomen",
"after",
"pruning",
"a",
"pita",
"(",
"Agave",
"americana",
")",
"with",
"a",
"chainsaw",
".",
"He",
"told",
"us",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"wearing",
"gloves",
"and",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"completely",
"covered",
"with",
"clothing",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"prescribed",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"dose",
"of",
"intramuscular",
"corticoid",
"and",
"intramuscular",
"antihistamine",
"(",
"dexchlorpheniramine",
"maleate",
")",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"oral",
"antihistamine",
":",
"loratadine",
"10",
"mg",
"1",
"tablet",
"per",
"day",
"."
] | [
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 12
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 66,
"end": 72
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 54,
"end": 62
},
{
"text": "pita",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 320,
"end": 324
},
{
"text": "Agave americana",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 326,
"end": 341
}
] | en |
An 82 year old man came to the Emergency Department for: dyspnoea, increased expectoration and somnolence. Relevant personal history: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Guillen-Barré syndrome and oropharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma T3N0M0 with associated paraneoplastic syndrome of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), pending the start of radical radiotherapy. His usual treatment consists of acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg, lorazepam 1 mg, silidosin 8 mg and omeprazole 20 mg, all taken once a day; (tolvaptan discontinued after the last admission).
The patient was diagnosed with bilo-bar pneumonia due to bronchoaspiration associated with hypoosmolar hyponatraemia (sodium: 101 meq/L (normal range (R.N.) 135-145 meq/L), Osmolality 210 mOsm/kg (R.N. 280-300 mOsm/kg). He presented with severe dysphagia and bleeding associated with pharyngeal tumour, planning gastrostomy and initiating parenteral nutrition via peripheral route, empirical antibiotic treatment with meropenem 1000 mg/8 h and natraemia replacement by serum therapy (252 meq of sodium in 500 mL of 0.9% physiological saline solution every 12 hours); he had normal renal function (MDRD-4 IDMS: > 60 ml/min/1.73m2).
On admission to Internal Medicine, clinical and analytical improvement was observed (sodium: 130 meq/L), and the Nephrology Department assessed paraneoplastic SIADH with good response to natraemic replacement by means of serum therapy, which was suspended. Treatment was restarted at low doses of tolvaptan to avoid overcorrection (7.5 mg/24 h) and subsequently increased to the usual dose of 15 mg/24 h. The patient presented with febrile syndrome without a clear focus, and empirical treatment was started with cefepime 2000 mg/12 h, vancomycin 1000 mg/12 h and oseltamivir 75 mg/12 h. Blood cultures were requested, and the results were positive. Blood cultures were requested and were positive for methicillin-resistant Streptococcus epidermidis, sensitive to vancomycin (MIC = 2 mg/L), so antibiotic treatment was maintained, considering bacteraemia due to catheter, which was withdrawn. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, ruling out endocarditis. Subsequent blood cultures were negative.
Three days after starting treatment, the dose of vancomycin was increased to 1250 mg/12 h due to persistent febrile peaks, CRP: 9.6 mg/dL (R.N: 0.0-0.5 mg/dL) and procalcitonin: 4.01 mcg/L (R.N: 0.0-0.5 mcg/L). After two days, new plasma concentrations were extracted and were still lower (8.4 μg/mL) (the possibility of error in the extraction of the sample or in the accuracy and precision of the measurement was assessed), so a pharmacokinetic study was performed to predict the dose by Bayesian estimation, using the PKS® programme (Abbott Base Pharmacokinetic System, Abbott Diagnostics), calculating a t1/2 of 6.4 h and increasing the dose to 1000 mg/8 h.
Oral metronidazole 500 mg/8 h was added to the treatment due to persistent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, and two days later, worsening renal function was observed due to digestive losses, causing pre-renal failure with hyponatraemia (sodium: 115 meq/L), which preceded the elevation of creatinine levels to 2.46 mg/dL and elevation of pre-dose plasma concentrations of vancomycin to 43.1 μg/mL, for which treatment was discontinued. Acute renal failure develops and creatinine values of 5.07 mg/dL are reached in the days following discontinuation of intravenous vancomycin treatment. Nine days after discontinuation, elimination remains very slow, with a t1/2 of 132 h and reaching a plasma concentration of 25.5 μg/mL. Concentrations below the therapeutic range are not reached until 15 days after discontinuation of antibiotic treatment.
The Nephrology Department suspended enteral nutrition to avoid promoting diarrhoea, and performed a new natraemic correction by suspending treatment with tolvaptan, increasing serum therapy and forcing diuresis (approximately 3000 mL/day) to eliminate plasma vancomycin. Vancomycin was administered via gastrostomy due to persistent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea despite treatment with oral metronidazole. Subsequently, the patient presented hypertension, with very abundant diuresis and very positive free water producing hypernatraemia (sodium: 157 meq/L) despite suspension of tolvaptan, so saline solutions were reduced to increase free water. He also presented metabolic acidosis, which was corrected with bicarbonate, and respiratory alkalosis, and a chest X-ray was performed due to suspected left pleural effusion. Due to persistent high plasma concentrations of vancomycin and hypernatremia, serum therapy was readjusted and desmopressin was added.
Finally, resolution of the bacteraemia associated with methicillin-resistant Streptococcus epidermidis, normal haematological formula and afebrile after resolution of the vancomycin intoxication, gradual resolution of the episode of diarrhoea, recovery of renal function and natraemia, reintroduction of enteral diet by gastrostomy and radiotherapy (36 sessions), discontinuation of metronidazole and oral vancomycin.
| [
"An",
"82",
"year",
"old",
"man",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"for",
":",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"increased",
"expectoration",
"and",
"somnolence",
".",
"Relevant",
"personal",
"history",
":",
"hypertension",
",",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"paroxysmal",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
",",
"Guillen-Barré",
"syndrome",
"and",
"oropharyngeal",
"epidermoid",
"carcinoma",
"T3N0M0",
"with",
"associated",
"paraneoplastic",
"syndrome",
"of",
"inadequate",
"secretion",
"of",
"antidiuretic",
"hormone",
"(",
"SIADH",
")",
",",
"pending",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"radical",
"radiotherapy",
".",
"His",
"usual",
"treatment",
"consists",
"of",
"acetylsalicylic",
"acid",
"100",
"mg",
",",
"lorazepam",
"1",
"mg",
",",
"silidosin",
"8",
"mg",
"and",
"omeprazole",
"20",
"mg",
",",
"all",
"taken",
"once",
"a",
"day",
";",
"(",
"tolvaptan",
"discontinued",
"after",
"the",
"last",
"admission",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"bilo-bar",
"pneumonia",
"due",
"to",
"bronchoaspiration",
"associated",
"with",
"hypoosmolar",
"hyponatraemia",
"(",
"sodium",
":",
"101",
"meq",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"normal",
"range",
"(",
"R",
".",
"N",
".",
")",
"135-145",
"meq",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"Osmolality",
"210",
"mOsm",
"/",
"kg",
"(",
"R",
".",
"N",
".",
"280-300",
"mOsm",
"/",
"kg",
")",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"with",
"severe",
"dysphagia",
"and",
"bleeding",
"associated",
"with",
"pharyngeal",
"tumour",
",",
"planning",
"gastrostomy",
"and",
"initiating",
"parenteral",
"nutrition",
"via",
"peripheral",
"route",
",",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"meropenem",
"1000",
"mg",
"/",
"8",
"h",
"and",
"natraemia",
"replacement",
"by",
"serum",
"therapy",
"(",
"252",
"meq",
"of",
"sodium",
"in",
"500",
"mL",
"of",
"0",
".",
"9",
"%",
"physiological",
"saline",
"solution",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
")",
";",
"he",
"had",
"normal",
"renal",
"function",
"(",
"MDRD-4",
"IDMS",
":",
">",
"60",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
"/",
"1",
".",
"73m2",
")",
".",
"On",
"admission",
"to",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
",",
"clinical",
"and",
"analytical",
"improvement",
"was",
"observed",
"(",
"sodium",
":",
"130",
"meq",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Nephrology",
"Department",
"assessed",
"paraneoplastic",
"SIADH",
"with",
"good",
"response",
"to",
"natraemic",
"replacement",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"serum",
"therapy",
",",
"which",
"was",
"suspended",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"restarted",
"at",
"low",
"doses",
"of",
"tolvaptan",
"to",
"avoid",
"overcorrection",
"(",
"7",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
")",
"and",
"subsequently",
"increased",
"to",
"the",
"usual",
"dose",
"of",
"15",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"without",
"a",
"clear",
"focus",
",",
"and",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"cefepime",
"2000",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
",",
"vancomycin",
"1000",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
"and",
"oseltamivir",
"75",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"and",
"the",
"results",
"were",
"positive",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"requested",
"and",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"methicillin-resistant",
"Streptococcus",
"epidermidis",
",",
"sensitive",
"to",
"vancomycin",
"(",
"MIC",
"=",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"so",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"maintained",
",",
"considering",
"bacteraemia",
"due",
"to",
"catheter",
",",
"which",
"was",
"withdrawn",
".",
"A",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"ruling",
"out",
"endocarditis",
".",
"Subsequent",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Three",
"days",
"after",
"starting",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"dose",
"of",
"vancomycin",
"was",
"increased",
"to",
"1250",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"febrile",
"peaks",
",",
"CRP",
":",
"9",
".",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"(",
"R",
".",
"N",
":",
"0",
".",
"0-0",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
")",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
":",
"4",
".",
"01",
"mcg",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"R",
".",
"N",
":",
"0",
".",
"0-0",
".",
"5",
"mcg",
"/",
"L",
")",
".",
"After",
"two",
"days",
",",
"new",
"plasma",
"concentrations",
"were",
"extracted",
"and",
"were",
"still",
"lower",
"(",
"8",
".",
"4",
"μg",
"/",
"mL",
")",
"(",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"error",
"in",
"the",
"extraction",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"or",
"in",
"the",
"accuracy",
"and",
"precision",
"of",
"the",
"measurement",
"was",
"assessed",
")",
",",
"so",
"a",
"pharmacokinetic",
"study",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"predict",
"the",
"dose",
"by",
"Bayesian",
"estimation",
",",
"using",
"the",
"PKS",
"®",
"programme",
"(",
"Abbott",
"Base",
"Pharmacokinetic",
"System",
",",
"Abbott",
"Diagnostics",
")",
",",
"calculating",
"a",
"t1",
"/",
"2",
"of",
"6",
".",
"4",
"h",
"and",
"increasing",
"the",
"dose",
"to",
"1000",
"mg",
"/",
"8",
"h",
".",
"Oral",
"metronidazole",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"8",
"h",
"was",
"added",
"to",
"the",
"treatment",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"Clostridium",
"difficile",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"and",
"two",
"days",
"later",
",",
"worsening",
"renal",
"function",
"was",
"observed",
"due",
"to",
"digestive",
"losses",
",",
"causing",
"pre-renal",
"failure",
"with",
"hyponatraemia",
"(",
"sodium",
":",
"115",
"meq",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"which",
"preceded",
"the",
"elevation",
"of",
"creatinine",
"levels",
"to",
"2",
".",
"46",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"and",
"elevation",
"of",
"pre-dose",
"plasma",
"concentrations",
"of",
"vancomycin",
"to",
"43",
".",
"1",
"μg",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"for",
"which",
"treatment",
"was",
"discontinued",
".",
"Acute",
"renal",
"failure",
"develops",
"and",
"creatinine",
"values",
"of",
"5",
".",
"07",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"are",
"reached",
"in",
"the",
"days",
"following",
"discontinuation",
"of",
"intravenous",
"vancomycin",
"treatment",
".",
"Nine",
"days",
"after",
"discontinuation",
",",
"elimination",
"remains",
"very",
"slow",
",",
"with",
"a",
"t1",
"/",
"2",
"of",
"132",
"h",
"and",
"reaching",
"a",
"plasma",
"concentration",
"of",
"25",
".",
"5",
"μg",
"/",
"mL",
".",
"Concentrations",
"below",
"the",
"therapeutic",
"range",
"are",
"not",
"reached",
"until",
"15",
"days",
"after",
"discontinuation",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"Nephrology",
"Department",
"suspended",
"enteral",
"nutrition",
"to",
"avoid",
"promoting",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"and",
"performed",
"a",
"new",
"natraemic",
"correction",
"by",
"suspending",
"treatment",
"with",
"tolvaptan",
",",
"increasing",
"serum",
"therapy",
"and",
"forcing",
"diuresis",
"(",
"approximately",
"3000",
"mL",
"/",
"day",
")",
"to",
"eliminate",
"plasma",
"vancomycin",
".",
"Vancomycin",
"was",
"administered",
"via",
"gastrostomy",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"Clostridium",
"difficile",
"diarrhoea",
"despite",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"metronidazole",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"hypertension",
",",
"with",
"very",
"abundant",
"diuresis",
"and",
"very",
"positive",
"free",
"water",
"producing",
"hypernatraemia",
"(",
"sodium",
":",
"157",
"meq",
"/",
"L",
")",
"despite",
"suspension",
"of",
"tolvaptan",
",",
"so",
"saline",
"solutions",
"were",
"reduced",
"to",
"increase",
"free",
"water",
".",
"He",
"also",
"presented",
"metabolic",
"acidosis",
",",
"which",
"was",
"corrected",
"with",
"bicarbonate",
",",
"and",
"respiratory",
"alkalosis",
",",
"and",
"a",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"performed",
"due",
"to",
"suspected",
"left",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"persistent",
"high",
"plasma",
"concentrations",
"of",
"vancomycin",
"and",
"hypernatremia",
",",
"serum",
"therapy",
"was",
"readjusted",
"and",
"desmopressin",
"was",
"added",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"bacteraemia",
"associated",
"with",
"methicillin-resistant",
"Streptococcus",
"epidermidis",
",",
"normal",
"haematological",
"formula",
"and",
"afebrile",
"after",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"vancomycin",
"intoxication",
",",
"gradual",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"episode",
"of",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"recovery",
"of",
"renal",
"function",
"and",
"natraemia",
",",
"reintroduction",
"of",
"enteral",
"diet",
"by",
"gastrostomy",
"and",
"radiotherapy",
"(",
"36",
"sessions",
")",
",",
"discontinuation",
"of",
"metronidazole",
"and",
"oral",
"vancomycin",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 116,
"end": 124
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 599,
"end": 606
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1635,
"end": 1642
},
{
"text": "methicillin-resistant Streptococcus epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1928,
"end": 1975
},
{
"text": "Clostridium difficile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2968,
"end": 2989
},
{
"text": "Clostridium difficile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4070,
"end": 4091
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4163,
"end": 4170
},
{
"text": "methicillin-resistant Streptococcus epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4752,
"end": 4799
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 48-year-old male patient with a history of repeated renal colic (with expulsion of calcium oxalate lithiasis) treated on an outpatient basis, who came to the emergency department with colicky pain in the right renal fossa of 24 hours evolution, radiating to the genitals, nausea and vomiting, being treated with ibuprofen, although without clear improvement. He did not report thermometric fever, micturition syndrome or haematuria. Of note was a significant asthenic habitus, generalised weakness, difficulty in moving from sitting to standing, myalgia and generalised arthralgia.
In February 2013, she visited her primary care doctor for clinical symptoms of low back pain, and was referred to the traumatology department, with no findings; on examination she had a nodule measuring approximately 2 cm on the right lateral aspect of the neck, for which a cervical and thyroid ultrasound scan was requested, which was not performed due to the current intercurrent episode.
Physical examination
Patient in good general condition, visibly weak, with correct hydration of skin and mucous membranes, large abdomen with significant adipose tissue, no palpable masses or organomegaly, depressible and soft, with pain in the right flank, with no signs of irritative peritoneal reaction. The right renal fist percussion and the right Guyon's sign were positive. Lower extremities without oedema. The rest of the examination showed no findings of interest.
Complementary tests
- Blood tests: calcaemia 16.5 mg/dl, phosphorus 3.8 mg/dl, intact PTH 2,574 pg/ml, alkaline phosphatase 222 IU/l, creatinine 3.31 mg/dl with an estimated filtration rate of 20 ml/min. Rest without findings.
- Blood count: haemoglobin 9.5 g/dl. Haematocrit 28%.
- Coagulation without alterations.
- Urine sediment 1-5 leukocytes per field.
- Abdominal X-ray: nephrocalcinosis, at the level of the pelvic skeleton, irregularity of the iliac surface of the sacroiliac joints due to resorption and subchondral sclerosis and enlargement of the joint space. Subchondral resorption on the right margin of the symphysis pubis.
- Bone series: given the above findings, the Radiodiagnosis service considered the possibility of completing the study with cranial and phalangeal X-rays, the former showing a "salt and pepper" skull (diffuse granular pattern of cranial demineralisation), while the latter showed subperiosteal resorption of the radial edge of the middle phalanges of the fingers and incipient resorption of the distal tufts of the first, second and third fingers of the hands.
- Urological ultrasound: bilateral renal nephrocalcinosis without ectasia of the excretory tract; there is a small cyst of 12 mm upper left renal polar. No other findings of interest.
- Ultrasound of the neck: adjacent to the right thyroid lobe a hypoechoic nodular lesion with cystic/degenerated areas is identified, compatible with parathyroid adenoma. It measures approximately 39 x 25.2 x 47 mm (T x AP x L). On the left side there is another nodule inferomedial to the left thyroid lobe, hypoechoic, suggestive of left parathyroid adenoma, measuring approximately 37 x 12.6 x 16.2 mm (L x AP x T). Thyroid gland of normal size and morphology, with preserved echogenicity. At least two nodules were identified in the LTD measuring 7.8 and 12 x 7.4 mm, respectively. All this is compatible, given the location and context, with right and left parathyroid adenomas.
- Cervicomediastinal SPECT/CT: the early planar image shows two foci of increased uptake of 99mTc-MIBI: one focus at the level of the upper pole of the right thyroid lobe and another focus in the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe, which persist in the late image once the thyroid tissue has been washed out. In the low-dose SPECT-CT fusion image, the larger focus is located outside the hyoid bone (right side) and the smaller focus is located left paratracheal below and posterior to the left thyroid lobe; these images are compatible with double parathyroid adenoma.
- Bone mineral densitometry: femoral neck Z-score -2.1 SD. Lumbar Z-score -2.9 SD.
Diagnosis
Primary hyperparathyroidism due to double parathyroid adenoma. Chronic renal failure secondary to nephrocalcinosis.
Treatment
The patient evolved favourably from renal colic with intravenous analgesia, not requiring urinary diversion.
Abundant hydration by means of intravenous serum therapy was started, as well as administration of zolendronic acid, cinacalcet, oral calcium and darbepoetin alfa. After the patient's clinical stabilisation, reaching a calcaemia of 8.3 mg/dl and intact PTH of 53.3 pg/ml, he was scheduled for parathyroidectomy, which was carried out without incident, with a rapid decrease in intraoperative PTH concentrations in the blood.
He is currently awaiting discharge from the General Surgery Department, as well as follow-up in Endocrinology consultations, after normalisation of PTH and serum calcium.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"48-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"repeated",
"renal",
"colic",
"(",
"with",
"expulsion",
"of",
"calcium",
"oxalate",
"lithiasis",
")",
"treated",
"on",
"an",
"outpatient",
"basis",
",",
"who",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"colicky",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"renal",
"fossa",
"of",
"24",
"hours",
"evolution",
",",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"genitals",
",",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
",",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"ibuprofen",
",",
"although",
"without",
"clear",
"improvement",
".",
"He",
"did",
"not",
"report",
"thermometric",
"fever",
",",
"micturition",
"syndrome",
"or",
"haematuria",
".",
"Of",
"note",
"was",
"a",
"significant",
"asthenic",
"habitus",
",",
"generalised",
"weakness",
",",
"difficulty",
"in",
"moving",
"from",
"sitting",
"to",
"standing",
",",
"myalgia",
"and",
"generalised",
"arthralgia",
".",
"In",
"February",
"2013",
",",
"she",
"visited",
"her",
"primary",
"care",
"doctor",
"for",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
"of",
"low",
"back",
"pain",
",",
"and",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"traumatology",
"department",
",",
"with",
"no",
"findings",
";",
"on",
"examination",
"she",
"had",
"a",
"nodule",
"measuring",
"approximately",
"2",
"cm",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"lateral",
"aspect",
"of",
"the",
"neck",
",",
"for",
"which",
"a",
"cervical",
"and",
"thyroid",
"ultrasound",
"scan",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"was",
"not",
"performed",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"current",
"intercurrent",
"episode",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Patient",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"visibly",
"weak",
",",
"with",
"correct",
"hydration",
"of",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
",",
"large",
"abdomen",
"with",
"significant",
"adipose",
"tissue",
",",
"no",
"palpable",
"masses",
"or",
"organomegaly",
",",
"depressible",
"and",
"soft",
",",
"with",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"flank",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"irritative",
"peritoneal",
"reaction",
".",
"The",
"right",
"renal",
"fist",
"percussion",
"and",
"the",
"right",
"Guyon",
"'",
"s",
"sign",
"were",
"positive",
".",
"Lower",
"extremities",
"without",
"oedema",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"showed",
"no",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Blood",
"tests",
":",
"calcaemia",
"16",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"phosphorus",
"3",
".",
"8",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"intact",
"PTH",
"2",
",",
"574",
"pg",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"alkaline",
"phosphatase",
"222",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"creatinine",
"3",
".",
"31",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"filtration",
"rate",
"of",
"20",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
".",
"Rest",
"without",
"findings",
".",
"-",
"Blood",
"count",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"9",
".",
"5",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Haematocrit",
"28",
"%",
".",
"-",
"Coagulation",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Urine",
"sediment",
"1-5",
"leukocytes",
"per",
"field",
".",
"-",
"Abdominal",
"X-ray",
":",
"nephrocalcinosis",
",",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"pelvic",
"skeleton",
",",
"irregularity",
"of",
"the",
"iliac",
"surface",
"of",
"the",
"sacroiliac",
"joints",
"due",
"to",
"resorption",
"and",
"subchondral",
"sclerosis",
"and",
"enlargement",
"of",
"the",
"joint",
"space",
".",
"Subchondral",
"resorption",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"margin",
"of",
"the",
"symphysis",
"pubis",
".",
"-",
"Bone",
"series",
":",
"given",
"the",
"above",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"Radiodiagnosis",
"service",
"considered",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"completing",
"the",
"study",
"with",
"cranial",
"and",
"phalangeal",
"X-rays",
",",
"the",
"former",
"showing",
"a",
"\"",
"salt",
"and",
"pepper",
"\"",
"skull",
"(",
"diffuse",
"granular",
"pattern",
"of",
"cranial",
"demineralisation",
")",
",",
"while",
"the",
"latter",
"showed",
"subperiosteal",
"resorption",
"of",
"the",
"radial",
"edge",
"of",
"the",
"middle",
"phalanges",
"of",
"the",
"fingers",
"and",
"incipient",
"resorption",
"of",
"the",
"distal",
"tufts",
"of",
"the",
"first",
",",
"second",
"and",
"third",
"fingers",
"of",
"the",
"hands",
".",
"-",
"Urological",
"ultrasound",
":",
"bilateral",
"renal",
"nephrocalcinosis",
"without",
"ectasia",
"of",
"the",
"excretory",
"tract",
";",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"small",
"cyst",
"of",
"12",
"mm",
"upper",
"left",
"renal",
"polar",
".",
"No",
"other",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"-",
"Ultrasound",
"of",
"the",
"neck",
":",
"adjacent",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"thyroid",
"lobe",
"a",
"hypoechoic",
"nodular",
"lesion",
"with",
"cystic",
"/",
"degenerated",
"areas",
"is",
"identified",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"parathyroid",
"adenoma",
".",
"It",
"measures",
"approximately",
"39",
"x",
"25",
".",
"2",
"x",
"47",
"mm",
"(",
"T",
"x",
"AP",
"x",
"L",
")",
".",
"On",
"the",
"left",
"side",
"there",
"is",
"another",
"nodule",
"inferomedial",
"to",
"the",
"left",
"thyroid",
"lobe",
",",
"hypoechoic",
",",
"suggestive",
"of",
"left",
"parathyroid",
"adenoma",
",",
"measuring",
"approximately",
"37",
"x",
"12",
".",
"6",
"x",
"16",
".",
"2",
"mm",
"(",
"L",
"x",
"AP",
"x",
"T",
")",
".",
"Thyroid",
"gland",
"of",
"normal",
"size",
"and",
"morphology",
",",
"with",
"preserved",
"echogenicity",
".",
"At",
"least",
"two",
"nodules",
"were",
"identified",
"in",
"the",
"LTD",
"measuring",
"7",
".",
"8",
"and",
"12",
"x",
"7",
".",
"4",
"mm",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"All",
"this",
"is",
"compatible",
",",
"given",
"the",
"location",
"and",
"context",
",",
"with",
"right",
"and",
"left",
"parathyroid",
"adenomas",
".",
"-",
"Cervicomediastinal",
"SPECT",
"/",
"CT",
":",
"the",
"early",
"planar",
"image",
"shows",
"two",
"foci",
"of",
"increased",
"uptake",
"of",
"99mTc-MIBI",
":",
"one",
"focus",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"upper",
"pole",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"thyroid",
"lobe",
"and",
"another",
"focus",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"pole",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"thyroid",
"lobe",
",",
"which",
"persist",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"image",
"once",
"the",
"thyroid",
"tissue",
"has",
"been",
"washed",
"out",
".",
"In",
"the",
"low-dose",
"SPECT-CT",
"fusion",
"image",
",",
"the",
"larger",
"focus",
"is",
"located",
"outside",
"the",
"hyoid",
"bone",
"(",
"right",
"side",
")",
"and",
"the",
"smaller",
"focus",
"is",
"located",
"left",
"paratracheal",
"below",
"and",
"posterior",
"to",
"the",
"left",
"thyroid",
"lobe",
";",
"these",
"images",
"are",
"compatible",
"with",
"double",
"parathyroid",
"adenoma",
".",
"-",
"Bone",
"mineral",
"densitometry",
":",
"femoral",
"neck",
"Z-score",
"-",
"2",
".",
"1",
"SD",
".",
"Lumbar",
"Z-score",
"-",
"2",
".",
"9",
"SD",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Primary",
"hyperparathyroidism",
"due",
"to",
"double",
"parathyroid",
"adenoma",
".",
"Chronic",
"renal",
"failure",
"secondary",
"to",
"nephrocalcinosis",
".",
"Treatment",
"The",
"patient",
"evolved",
"favourably",
"from",
"renal",
"colic",
"with",
"intravenous",
"analgesia",
",",
"not",
"requiring",
"urinary",
"diversion",
".",
"Abundant",
"hydration",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"intravenous",
"serum",
"therapy",
"was",
"started",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"administration",
"of",
"zolendronic",
"acid",
",",
"cinacalcet",
",",
"oral",
"calcium",
"and",
"darbepoetin",
"alfa",
".",
"After",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"clinical",
"stabilisation",
",",
"reaching",
"a",
"calcaemia",
"of",
"8",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"intact",
"PTH",
"of",
"53",
".",
"3",
"pg",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"he",
"was",
"scheduled",
"for",
"parathyroidectomy",
",",
"which",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"without",
"incident",
",",
"with",
"a",
"rapid",
"decrease",
"in",
"intraoperative",
"PTH",
"concentrations",
"in",
"the",
"blood",
".",
"He",
"is",
"currently",
"awaiting",
"discharge",
"from",
"the",
"General",
"Surgery",
"Department",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"follow-up",
"in",
"Endocrinology",
"consultations",
",",
"after",
"normalisation",
"of",
"PTH",
"and",
"serum",
"calcium",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 29,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1008,
"end": 1015
},
{
"text": "pepper",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2288,
"end": 2294
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4227,
"end": 4234
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4506,
"end": 4513
}
] | en |
REASON FOR CONSULTATION
53-year-old male with fever for the last 4 days up to 39oC associated with MEG.
PERSONAL HISTORY
- No AMR
- Active smoker (5 cig/day; >20 years >1 paq/day)
- Ex-severe alcoholism (treatment with DKA, no consumption for 4 years).
- Native of Bilbao, in Palma for 11 years. No recent trips
- Butcher. No recollection of last tetanus vaccination (believed to be up to date).
- Two cats and two dogs, correctly vaccinated.
PATHOLOGICAL ANTECEDENTS
- Meningitis in childhood, no sequelae.
- Probable hepatitis B in childhood. Serologies 2016: HIV-, AntiHbs+, AgHbs-, AntiHbc+, HCV- Lues-
- Chronic headache (usual treatment paracetamol).
CURRENT ILLNESS
Bite of his dog on left nasal wing.
48 h. asymptomatic mild erythema and perilesional oedema.
Sudden onset of high fever up to 39oC
Usual headache
Usual productive morning cough
No dyspnoea on exertion
No stool alterations
Pain in the right renal fossa. Warm urine in the last few days
VITAL SIGNS
HR: 73 beats/min
SBP: 125 mmHg
DBP: 69 mmHg
Ta: 37 oC
O2 Sat: 96%.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Fair general condition
NH and NC
Auscultation rhythmic, no murmurs
VCM without added sounds
Abdomen soft and depressible, without masses or megaliths
Bilateral lumbar pain with mechanical characteristics
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS
DIAGNOSTIC ORIENTATION
Fever without focus, thrombopenia, dog bite
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS
Chest X-ray without infiltrates or alterations in the cardiac silhouette.
Urine culture
Blood cultures
TREATMENT
Dexketoprofen 50 mg in 2 ml
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 875/125mg every 8 hours
EVOLUTION ON THE WARD
Slight decrease in fever
HR: 72 beats/min
SBP: 181 mmHg
DBP: 71 mmHg
Ta: 36.8 oC
O2 Sat: 95%.
Osteoarticular pain persists with lumbar predominance.
Occurrence of pain in ICH/subcostal area without inflammatory signs
- ↑movements and cough
- Rib palpation (fingertip)
Bilateral parotid hypertrophy. No other adenopathy
Crusty lesion on left nasal ala of 0.5 cm, mild erythema, not painful, not oedematous.
No neck stiffness. No skin or mucosal lesions suggestive of embolism.
No VAT or toxoid administered
13000 leukocytes, Hb 13.6, platelets 132000, Creatinine 0.81
RESULTS
Bone scan ruled out the possibility of costal embolism or chondritis.
Treatment was maintained with amoxicillin clavulanic acid for 15 days.
Control laboratory tests: leucocytes 11,400, Hb 12.4, platelets 370,000, QUICK 94%, glucose 91, creat 0.81, Got 27, GPt 51, GGt 116, Fa 90, PCr 6.9creat 0.75, Na 139, K 4.9, Na 139, K 1.9, PCr 0.75.
Diagnosis
Capnocytophaga canimorsus infections
| [
"REASON",
"FOR",
"CONSULTATION",
"53-year-old",
"male",
"with",
"fever",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"4",
"days",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"associated",
"with",
"MEG",
".",
"PERSONAL",
"HISTORY",
"-",
"No",
"AMR",
"-",
"Active",
"smoker",
"(",
"5",
"cig",
"/",
"day",
";",
">",
"20",
"years",
">",
"1",
"paq",
"/",
"day",
")",
"-",
"Ex-severe",
"alcoholism",
"(",
"treatment",
"with",
"DKA",
",",
"no",
"consumption",
"for",
"4",
"years",
")",
".",
"-",
"Native",
"of",
"Bilbao",
",",
"in",
"Palma",
"for",
"11",
"years",
".",
"No",
"recent",
"trips",
"-",
"Butcher",
".",
"No",
"recollection",
"of",
"last",
"tetanus",
"vaccination",
"(",
"believed",
"to",
"be",
"up",
"to",
"date",
")",
".",
"-",
"Two",
"cats",
"and",
"two",
"dogs",
",",
"correctly",
"vaccinated",
".",
"PATHOLOGICAL",
"ANTECEDENTS",
"-",
"Meningitis",
"in",
"childhood",
",",
"no",
"sequelae",
".",
"-",
"Probable",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"in",
"childhood",
".",
"Serologies",
"2016",
":",
"HIV",
"-",
",",
"AntiHbs",
"+",
",",
"AgHbs",
"-",
",",
"AntiHbc",
"+",
",",
"HCV",
"-",
"Lues",
"-",
"-",
"Chronic",
"headache",
"(",
"usual",
"treatment",
"paracetamol",
")",
".",
"CURRENT",
"ILLNESS",
"Bite",
"of",
"his",
"dog",
"on",
"left",
"nasal",
"wing",
".",
"48",
"h",
".",
"asymptomatic",
"mild",
"erythema",
"and",
"perilesional",
"oedema",
".",
"Sudden",
"onset",
"of",
"high",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"Usual",
"headache",
"Usual",
"productive",
"morning",
"cough",
"No",
"dyspnoea",
"on",
"exertion",
"No",
"stool",
"alterations",
"Pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"renal",
"fossa",
".",
"Warm",
"urine",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"few",
"days",
"VITAL",
"SIGNS",
"HR",
":",
"73",
"beats",
"/",
"min",
"SBP",
":",
"125",
"mmHg",
"DBP",
":",
"69",
"mmHg",
"Ta",
":",
"37",
"oC",
"O2",
"Sat",
":",
"96",
"%",
".",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
"Fair",
"general",
"condition",
"NH",
"and",
"NC",
"Auscultation",
"rhythmic",
",",
"no",
"murmurs",
"VCM",
"without",
"added",
"sounds",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"without",
"masses",
"or",
"megaliths",
"Bilateral",
"lumbar",
"pain",
"with",
"mechanical",
"characteristics",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"DIAGNOSTIC",
"ORIENTATION",
"Fever",
"without",
"focus",
",",
"thrombopenia",
",",
"dog",
"bite",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"without",
"infiltrates",
"or",
"alterations",
"in",
"the",
"cardiac",
"silhouette",
".",
"Urine",
"culture",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"TREATMENT",
"Dexketoprofen",
"50",
"mg",
"in",
"2",
"ml",
"Amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"875",
"/",
"125mg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"EVOLUTION",
"ON",
"THE",
"WARD",
"Slight",
"decrease",
"in",
"fever",
"HR",
":",
"72",
"beats",
"/",
"min",
"SBP",
":",
"181",
"mmHg",
"DBP",
":",
"71",
"mmHg",
"Ta",
":",
"36",
".",
"8",
"oC",
"O2",
"Sat",
":",
"95",
"%",
".",
"Osteoarticular",
"pain",
"persists",
"with",
"lumbar",
"predominance",
".",
"Occurrence",
"of",
"pain",
"in",
"ICH",
"/",
"subcostal",
"area",
"without",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
"-",
"↑",
"movements",
"and",
"cough",
"-",
"Rib",
"palpation",
"(",
"fingertip",
")",
"Bilateral",
"parotid",
"hypertrophy",
".",
"No",
"other",
"adenopathy",
"Crusty",
"lesion",
"on",
"left",
"nasal",
"ala",
"of",
"0",
".",
"5",
"cm",
",",
"mild",
"erythema",
",",
"not",
"painful",
",",
"not",
"oedematous",
".",
"No",
"neck",
"stiffness",
".",
"No",
"skin",
"or",
"mucosal",
"lesions",
"suggestive",
"of",
"embolism",
".",
"No",
"VAT",
"or",
"toxoid",
"administered",
"13000",
"leukocytes",
",",
"Hb",
"13",
".",
"6",
",",
"platelets",
"132000",
",",
"Creatinine",
"0",
".",
"81",
"RESULTS",
"Bone",
"scan",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"costal",
"embolism",
"or",
"chondritis",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"maintained",
"with",
"amoxicillin",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
"for",
"15",
"days",
".",
"Control",
"laboratory",
"tests",
":",
"leucocytes",
"11",
",",
"400",
",",
"Hb",
"12",
".",
"4",
",",
"platelets",
"370",
",",
"000",
",",
"QUICK",
"94",
"%",
",",
"glucose",
"91",
",",
"creat",
"0",
".",
"81",
",",
"Got",
"27",
",",
"GPt",
"51",
",",
"GGt",
"116",
",",
"Fa",
"90",
",",
"PCr",
"6",
".",
"9creat",
"0",
".",
"75",
",",
"Na",
"139",
",",
"K",
"4",
".",
"9",
",",
"Na",
"139",
",",
"K",
"1",
".",
"9",
",",
"PCr",
"0",
".",
"75",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Capnocytophaga",
"canimorsus",
"infections"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 36,
"end": 40
},
{
"text": "PERSONAL",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 105,
"end": 113
},
{
"text": "vaccination",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 356,
"end": 367
},
{
"text": "Butcher",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 315,
"end": 322
},
{
"text": "cats",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 403,
"end": 407
},
{
"text": "dogs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 416,
"end": 420
},
{
"text": "vaccinated",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 432,
"end": 442
},
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 486,
"end": 495
},
{
"text": "AntiHbc",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 588,
"end": 595
},
{
"text": "AntiHbs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 570,
"end": 577
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 564,
"end": 567
},
{
"text": "Lues",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 603,
"end": 607
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 598,
"end": 601
},
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 536,
"end": 545
},
{
"text": "AgHbs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 580,
"end": 585
},
{
"text": "dog",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 688,
"end": 691
},
{
"text": "dog",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1353,
"end": 1356
},
{
"text": "Capnocytophaga canimorsus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2529,
"end": 2554
}
] | en |
23-year-old woman from Capinota, Cochabamba, Bolivia. She has been in our country for four years.
She attended the obstetrics emergency department where she was found to be 37 weeks pregnant, with a 5 cm dilated cervix and ruptured membranes.
She had only attended one follow-up visit during gestation, at another centre.
Background: She has lived in a rural area, has lived in an adobe house, has not received transfusions, no other history of interest.
Vitals: axillary temperature: 36.2oC; BP 120/70; respiratory rate 40/min; HR 92/min.
The emergency obstetrician performed a strepto test which was negative and requested a haemogram, glucose, basic biochemistry, HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis serology.
Sediment negative
The mother's T cruzi serology was positive by two different techniques.
The delivery was euthecological, with cephalic presentation, Apgar 9/10; BW 3,250g; height 50cm; CP 36 cm. BEG No jaundice, no hepatosplenomegaly. Cardiac fr 115 per min. Fr 55 per min.
| [
"23-year-old",
"woman",
"from",
"Capinota",
",",
"Cochabamba",
",",
"Bolivia",
".",
"She",
"has",
"been",
"in",
"our",
"country",
"for",
"four",
"years",
".",
"She",
"attended",
"the",
"obstetrics",
"emergency",
"department",
"where",
"she",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"37",
"weeks",
"pregnant",
",",
"with",
"a",
"5",
"cm",
"dilated",
"cervix",
"and",
"ruptured",
"membranes",
".",
"She",
"had",
"only",
"attended",
"one",
"follow-up",
"visit",
"during",
"gestation",
",",
"at",
"another",
"centre",
".",
"Background",
":",
"She",
"has",
"lived",
"in",
"a",
"rural",
"area",
",",
"has",
"lived",
"in",
"an",
"adobe",
"house",
",",
"has",
"not",
"received",
"transfusions",
",",
"no",
"other",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Vitals",
":",
"axillary",
"temperature",
":",
"36",
".",
"2oC",
";",
"BP",
"120",
"/",
"70",
";",
"respiratory",
"rate",
"40",
"/",
"min",
";",
"HR",
"92",
"/",
"min",
".",
"The",
"emergency",
"obstetrician",
"performed",
"a",
"strepto",
"test",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
"and",
"requested",
"a",
"haemogram",
",",
"glucose",
",",
"basic",
"biochemistry",
",",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"HIV",
"and",
"syphilis",
"serology",
".",
"Sediment",
"negative",
"The",
"mother",
"'",
"s",
"T",
"cruzi",
"serology",
"was",
"positive",
"by",
"two",
"different",
"techniques",
".",
"The",
"delivery",
"was",
"euthecological",
",",
"with",
"cephalic",
"presentation",
",",
"Apgar",
"9",
"/",
"10",
";",
"BW",
"3",
",",
"250g",
";",
"height",
"50cm",
";",
"CP",
"36",
"cm",
".",
"BEG",
"No",
"jaundice",
",",
"no",
"hepatosplenomegaly",
".",
"Cardiac",
"fr",
"115",
"per",
"min",
".",
"Fr",
"55",
"per",
"min",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 669,
"end": 672
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 674,
"end": 677
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 679,
"end": 682
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 687,
"end": 695
},
{
"text": "obstetrician",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 556,
"end": 568
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 730,
"end": 736
},
{
"text": "T cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 739,
"end": 746
}
] | en |
A 30-year-old woman, with no remarkable past history, presented with nocturnal parosmia (with intense odour of sweaty feet) for several hours. The next day she felt a little unwell. She had no specific symptoms (cough, fever). Two days later she reported total loss of smell and taste. An otorhinolaryngologist diagnosed complete anosmia. Topical steroid treatment was started twice daily. Post-viral hyposmia was diagnosed but, in the absence of known symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection was not considered. Anosmia started to improve 6 days later until it disappeared completely. A cranial MRI showed no abnormalities. Fourteen days after the parosmia, it was published that hyposmia may be a symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. One day later, a PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 was positive.
| [
"",
"A",
"30-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"remarkable",
"past",
"history",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"nocturnal",
"parosmia",
"(",
"with",
"intense",
"odour",
"of",
"sweaty",
"feet",
")",
"for",
"several",
"hours",
".",
"The",
"next",
"day",
"she",
"felt",
"a",
"little",
"unwell",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"specific",
"symptoms",
"(",
"cough",
",",
"fever",
")",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"later",
"she",
"reported",
"total",
"loss",
"of",
"smell",
"and",
"taste",
".",
"An",
"otorhinolaryngologist",
"diagnosed",
"complete",
"anosmia",
".",
"Topical",
"steroid",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"twice",
"daily",
".",
"Post-viral",
"hyposmia",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"but",
",",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"known",
"symptoms",
",",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"infection",
"was",
"not",
"considered",
".",
"Anosmia",
"started",
"to",
"improve",
"6",
"days",
"later",
"until",
"it",
"disappeared",
"completely",
".",
"A",
"cranial",
"MRI",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"Fourteen",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"parosmia",
",",
"it",
"was",
"published",
"that",
"hyposmia",
"may",
"be",
"a",
"symptom",
"of",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"infection",
".",
"One",
"day",
"later",
",",
"a",
"PCR",
"test",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"was",
"positive",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 464,
"end": 474
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 702,
"end": 712
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 754,
"end": 764
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 20
}
] | en |
49 year old woman presenting to the emergency department for abdominal pain.
PERSONAL HISTORY: No AMR. No CVRF. Unstudied non-seasonal asthma. She works as a teacher. She lives with a bird. No toxic habits. No trips abroad. Usual treatment fluticasone/salmeterol 50/500 and intermittent PRD.
CURRENT ILLNESS: patient attended the emergency department with symptoms compatible with GEA of 7 days' evolution, and also refers several cases of annual respiratory infections together with dyspnoea treated by her MAP with CTS and broad-spectrum ATB. She denied night sweats, constitutional syndrome, expectoration or febrile syndrome. In the ED examination, pathological pulmonary sounds are auscultated, a complementary study is requested and the patient is admitted to the ED for study.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
BP 95/60, Afebrile. BMI 19 kg/m. AP: emphysematous chest, peeling crackles in middle and lower left fields. AC: tachycardic, no murmurs or pericardial friction rubs. ABD: byd, not painful on palpation, no masses or megaliths, no evidence of peritoneal irritation. MMII: no oedema or fovea.
COMPLEMENTARY EXPLORATIONS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT:
AS on admission: HEMOGRAM: HB 14g/dL, VCM 85.2 fL, HCM 28.8 pg, L 41000 (N 26.7%, L 8.3%, MONO 4.3%, EOSIN 60.2%, BASO 0.5%), PLAQ 256000, VSG 73 mm. BQ: CRP 22,6 mg/dL ,U 20 mg/dL, CREAT 0,40 mg/dL, NA 132 mEq/L , K 3,55 mEq/L, GOT 20 U/L, GPT 17 U/L. FOLIC A. and VIT B12 normal. COAGULATION: normal.
URINE SYSTEMATICS: 1-5 L/field, 5-10 h/field. Proteins: neg.
Legionella/pneumococcus Ag: neg.
CHEST X-ray: emphysematous chest, bilateral symmetrical interstitial infiltrates.
Thoracic CT: signs of fibro-thorax with honeycombed patchy pattern, increased density due to possible left interstitial pneumonia. Small pleural implants and 25 mm nodule in mid-right lung field. Small cylindrical bronchiectasis and bullous pattern with some subpleural bullae.
COMPLEMENTARY EXPLORATIONS MI:
MANTOUX: negative
SPUTO CULTURE: aspergillus fumigatus
BAAR SPUTO X 3: negative
GALACTOMANANAN: negative
ANA: negative; ANTI-DNA: negative; ECA: normal; ANTI RO/LA: negative; IGs: normal
ALPHA1 ANTI-TRIPSIN: normal
PERIPHERAL BLOOD FROTIS: Eosinophilia. Reinforcement of neutrophilic granulation.
EPIROMETRY: Mixed pattern of moderate-severe character. IG E: 2340
ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS CUTANEOUS TEST: mildly positive. Aspergillus specific IG E: 0,40 kU/L (VN< 0,20)
HIV: negative
EVOLUTION: on admission, treatment was started with methylprednisolone 1mg/kg and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, after which the patient improved both clinically and radiologically, and her laboratory values normalised. During admission, she reported epigastric pain that improved with IPPF. She was discharged from hospital for outpatient review. But.... 24 hours later she visited the emergency department for acute epigastric pain and nausea.
RE-ADMISSION:
BLOOD TEST: HB 11.9 g/dL, L 29,100 (N 91.5%, LINF 5.5%, EOSIN 0%), CRP 18, rest normal BQ. INR 1.26.
ABDOMINAL X-ray: image compatible with pneumoperitoneum.
ABDOMINAL CT scan: small amount of free intraperitoneal air in the right subdiaphragm and in the hepatorenal space. Liquid collection in FID measuring 8x5.9x3.5 cms with anfractuous extension and wall enhancement after contrast and air images in the interior suggestive of an inflammatory collection. Urgent surgery was performed, revealing purulent peritonitis with interassociated abscesses and multiple perforations in the proximal ileum. Resection and anastomosis were performed. The pathological anatomy of the surgical specimen indicates the diagnosis of...
| [
"49",
"year",
"old",
"woman",
"presenting",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"abdominal",
"pain",
".",
"PERSONAL",
"HISTORY",
":",
"No",
"AMR",
".",
"No",
"CVRF",
".",
"Unstudied",
"non-seasonal",
"asthma",
".",
"She",
"works",
"as",
"a",
"teacher",
".",
"She",
"lives",
"with",
"a",
"bird",
".",
"No",
"toxic",
"habits",
".",
"No",
"trips",
"abroad",
".",
"Usual",
"treatment",
"fluticasone",
"/",
"salmeterol",
"50",
"/",
"500",
"and",
"intermittent",
"PRD",
".",
"CURRENT",
"ILLNESS",
":",
"patient",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"symptoms",
"compatible",
"with",
"GEA",
"of",
"7",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
",",
"and",
"also",
"refers",
"several",
"cases",
"of",
"annual",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"together",
"with",
"dyspnoea",
"treated",
"by",
"her",
"MAP",
"with",
"CTS",
"and",
"broad-spectrum",
"ATB",
".",
"She",
"denied",
"night",
"sweats",
",",
"constitutional",
"syndrome",
",",
"expectoration",
"or",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
".",
"In",
"the",
"ED",
"examination",
",",
"pathological",
"pulmonary",
"sounds",
"are",
"auscultated",
",",
"a",
"complementary",
"study",
"is",
"requested",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"ED",
"for",
"study",
".",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
":",
"BP",
"95",
"/",
"60",
",",
"Afebrile",
".",
"BMI",
"19",
"kg",
"/",
"m",
".",
"AP",
":",
"emphysematous",
"chest",
",",
"peeling",
"crackles",
"in",
"middle",
"and",
"lower",
"left",
"fields",
".",
"AC",
":",
"tachycardic",
",",
"no",
"murmurs",
"or",
"pericardial",
"friction",
"rubs",
".",
"ABD",
":",
"byd",
",",
"not",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
",",
"no",
"masses",
"or",
"megaliths",
",",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
".",
"MMII",
":",
"no",
"oedema",
"or",
"fovea",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"EXPLORATIONS",
"IN",
"THE",
"EMERGENCY",
"DEPARTMENT",
":",
"AS",
"on",
"admission",
":",
"HEMOGRAM",
":",
"HB",
"14g",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"VCM",
"85",
".",
"2",
"fL",
",",
"HCM",
"28",
".",
"8",
"pg",
",",
"L",
"41000",
"(",
"N",
"26",
".",
"7",
"%",
",",
"L",
"8",
".",
"3",
"%",
",",
"MONO",
"4",
".",
"3",
"%",
",",
"EOSIN",
"60",
".",
"2",
"%",
",",
"BASO",
"0",
".",
"5",
"%",
")",
",",
"PLAQ",
"256000",
",",
"VSG",
"73",
"mm",
".",
"BQ",
":",
"CRP",
"22",
",",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"U",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"CREAT",
"0",
",",
"40",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"NA",
"132",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
",",
"K",
"3",
",",
"55",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GOT",
"20",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GPT",
"17",
"U",
"/",
"L",
".",
"FOLIC",
"A",
".",
"and",
"VIT",
"B12",
"normal",
".",
"COAGULATION",
":",
"normal",
".",
"URINE",
"SYSTEMATICS",
":",
"1-5",
"L",
"/",
"field",
",",
"5-10",
"h",
"/",
"field",
".",
"Proteins",
":",
"neg",
".",
"Legionella",
"/",
"pneumococcus",
"Ag",
":",
"neg",
".",
"CHEST",
"X-ray",
":",
"emphysematous",
"chest",
",",
"bilateral",
"symmetrical",
"interstitial",
"infiltrates",
".",
"Thoracic",
"CT",
":",
"signs",
"of",
"fibro-thorax",
"with",
"honeycombed",
"patchy",
"pattern",
",",
"increased",
"density",
"due",
"to",
"possible",
"left",
"interstitial",
"pneumonia",
".",
"Small",
"pleural",
"implants",
"and",
"25",
"mm",
"nodule",
"in",
"mid-right",
"lung",
"field",
".",
"Small",
"cylindrical",
"bronchiectasis",
"and",
"bullous",
"pattern",
"with",
"some",
"subpleural",
"bullae",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"EXPLORATIONS",
"MI",
":",
"MANTOUX",
":",
"negative",
"SPUTO",
"CULTURE",
":",
"aspergillus",
"fumigatus",
"BAAR",
"SPUTO",
"X",
"3",
":",
"negative",
"GALACTOMANANAN",
":",
"negative",
"ANA",
":",
"negative",
";",
"ANTI-DNA",
":",
"negative",
";",
"ECA",
":",
"normal",
";",
"ANTI",
"RO",
"/",
"LA",
":",
"negative",
";",
"IGs",
":",
"normal",
"ALPHA1",
"ANTI-TRIPSIN",
":",
"normal",
"PERIPHERAL",
"BLOOD",
"FROTIS",
":",
"Eosinophilia",
".",
"Reinforcement",
"of",
"neutrophilic",
"granulation",
".",
"EPIROMETRY",
":",
"Mixed",
"pattern",
"of",
"moderate-severe",
"character",
".",
"IG",
"E",
":",
"2340",
"ASPERGILLUS",
"FUMIGATUS",
"CUTANEOUS",
"TEST",
":",
"mildly",
"positive",
".",
"Aspergillus",
"specific",
"IG",
"E",
":",
"0",
",",
"40",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"VN",
"<",
"0",
",",
"20",
")",
"HIV",
":",
"negative",
"EVOLUTION",
":",
"on",
"admission",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"methylprednisolone",
"1mg",
"/",
"kg",
"and",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
",",
"after",
"which",
"the",
"patient",
"improved",
"both",
"clinically",
"and",
"radiologically",
",",
"and",
"her",
"laboratory",
"values",
"normalised",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"she",
"reported",
"epigastric",
"pain",
"that",
"improved",
"with",
"IPPF",
".",
"She",
"was",
"discharged",
"from",
"hospital",
"for",
"outpatient",
"review",
".",
"But",
".",
".",
".",
".",
"24",
"hours",
"later",
"she",
"visited",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"acute",
"epigastric",
"pain",
"and",
"nausea",
".",
"RE-ADMISSION",
":",
"BLOOD",
"TEST",
":",
"HB",
"11",
".",
"9",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"L",
"29",
",",
"100",
"(",
"N",
"91",
".",
"5",
"%",
",",
"LINF",
"5",
".",
"5",
"%",
",",
"EOSIN",
"0",
"%",
")",
",",
"CRP",
"18",
",",
"rest",
"normal",
"BQ",
".",
"INR",
"1",
".",
"26",
".",
"ABDOMINAL",
"X-ray",
":",
"image",
"compatible",
"with",
"pneumoperitoneum",
".",
"ABDOMINAL",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"small",
"amount",
"of",
"free",
"intraperitoneal",
"air",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"subdiaphragm",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"hepatorenal",
"space",
".",
"Liquid",
"collection",
"in",
"FID",
"measuring",
"8x5",
".",
"9x3",
".",
"5",
"cms",
"with",
"anfractuous",
"extension",
"and",
"wall",
"enhancement",
"after",
"contrast",
"and",
"air",
"images",
"in",
"the",
"interior",
"suggestive",
"of",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"collection",
".",
"Urgent",
"surgery",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"revealing",
"purulent",
"peritonitis",
"with",
"interassociated",
"abscesses",
"and",
"multiple",
"perforations",
"in",
"the",
"proximal",
"ileum",
".",
"Resection",
"and",
"anastomosis",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"The",
"pathological",
"anatomy",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"specimen",
"indicates",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
".",
".",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "PERSONAL",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 78,
"end": 86
},
{
"text": "teacher",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 159,
"end": 166
},
{
"text": "bird",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 185,
"end": 189
},
{
"text": "MAP",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 510,
"end": 513
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 311,
"end": 318
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 745,
"end": 752
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1524,
"end": 1534
},
{
"text": "pneumococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1535,
"end": 1547
},
{
"text": "aspergillus fumigatus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1983,
"end": 2004
},
{
"text": "aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1983,
"end": 1994
},
{
"text": "BAAR",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2005,
"end": 2009
},
{
"text": "ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2314,
"end": 2335
},
{
"text": "ASPERGILLUS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2314,
"end": 2325
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2369,
"end": 2380
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2417,
"end": 2420
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2559,
"end": 2566
}
] | en |
A 63-year-old man with arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In 2013 he was diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma, treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In 2016 he presented recurrence with hepatic and pancreatic metastases, and chemotherapy treatment was started again with a partial response, which is currently being maintained.
She was admitted in May 2017 with abdominal pain, anaemia, mild leukocytosis and increased acute phase reactants. Renal function and ions normal. No metabolic acidosis. An abdominal CT scan on admission revealed a portomesenteric tumour thrombus, for which reason anticoagulation was maintained, but she had an episode of haematemesis with analytical repercussions and it was therefore decided to discontinue the treatment. Gastroscopy was performed with biopsies and the pathological diagnosis was negative for malignant cells.
Due to the torpid evolution, an abdominal CT scan was repeated with the finding of aerial images of peripheral distribution in the gastric remnant and persistent thrombus. Antibiotic treatment was started with piperacillin-tazobactam and metronidazole, and the patient remained afebrile with no new episodes of haematemesis. Finally, given the underlying disease, the persistence of intermittent abdominal pain and the lack of response to a new line of chemotherapy, palliative sedation was performed and the patient died.
Emphysematous gastritis is an infection of the gastric wall by gas-producing germs. The current incidence is increasing due to the association with immunodeficiency. The most frequent microorganisms are S. aureus, E. coli, Enterobacter spp, S. pyogenes, P. aureginosa and Clostridium perfringes. Fungi may also be involved (e.g. mucormycosis), although this is very rare.
| [
"A",
"63-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
",",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"and",
"paroxysmal",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
".",
"In",
"2013",
"he",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"gastric",
"adenocarcinoma",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"surgery",
",",
"chemotherapy",
"and",
"radiotherapy",
".",
"In",
"2016",
"he",
"presented",
"recurrence",
"with",
"hepatic",
"and",
"pancreatic",
"metastases",
",",
"and",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"again",
"with",
"a",
"partial",
"response",
",",
"which",
"is",
"currently",
"being",
"maintained",
".",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"in",
"May",
"2017",
"with",
"abdominal",
"pain",
",",
"anaemia",
",",
"mild",
"leukocytosis",
"and",
"increased",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
".",
"Renal",
"function",
"and",
"ions",
"normal",
".",
"No",
"metabolic",
"acidosis",
".",
"An",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"on",
"admission",
"revealed",
"a",
"portomesenteric",
"tumour",
"thrombus",
",",
"for",
"which",
"reason",
"anticoagulation",
"was",
"maintained",
",",
"but",
"she",
"had",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"haematemesis",
"with",
"analytical",
"repercussions",
"and",
"it",
"was",
"therefore",
"decided",
"to",
"discontinue",
"the",
"treatment",
".",
"Gastroscopy",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"biopsies",
"and",
"the",
"pathological",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"negative",
"for",
"malignant",
"cells",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"torpid",
"evolution",
",",
"an",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"repeated",
"with",
"the",
"finding",
"of",
"aerial",
"images",
"of",
"peripheral",
"distribution",
"in",
"the",
"gastric",
"remnant",
"and",
"persistent",
"thrombus",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"piperacillin-tazobactam",
"and",
"metronidazole",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"afebrile",
"with",
"no",
"new",
"episodes",
"of",
"haematemesis",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"given",
"the",
"underlying",
"disease",
",",
"the",
"persistence",
"of",
"intermittent",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"and",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"response",
"to",
"a",
"new",
"line",
"of",
"chemotherapy",
",",
"palliative",
"sedation",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"died",
".",
"Emphysematous",
"gastritis",
"is",
"an",
"infection",
"of",
"the",
"gastric",
"wall",
"by",
"gas-producing",
"germs",
".",
"The",
"current",
"incidence",
"is",
"increasing",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"association",
"with",
"immunodeficiency",
".",
"The",
"most",
"frequent",
"microorganisms",
"are",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
",",
"E",
".",
"coli",
",",
"Enterobacter",
"spp",
",",
"S",
".",
"pyogenes",
",",
"P",
".",
"aureginosa",
"and",
"Clostridium",
"perfringes",
".",
"Fungi",
"may",
"also",
"be",
"involved",
"(",
"e",
".",
"g",
".",
"mucormycosis",
")",
",",
"although",
"this",
"is",
"very",
"rare",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Clostridium perfringes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1725,
"end": 1747
},
{
"text": "Enterobacter spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1676,
"end": 1692
},
{
"text": "gas-producing germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1516,
"end": 1535
},
{
"text": "Fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1749,
"end": 1754
},
{
"text": "microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1637,
"end": 1651
},
{
"text": "S. pyogenes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1694,
"end": 1705
}
] | en |
17-year-old woman diagnosed with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (epileptic encephalopathy). Since childhood she had been treated with valproic acid and levetiracetam, later phenytoin was added due to status epilepticus and five weeks after its onset she was admitted with hyperthermia of 39oC, pruritic skin rash and facial oedema. Suspecting AHS, we discontinued phenytoin and started treatment with antihistamines and parenteral steroids. Evolution: generalisation of the symmetrical maculopapular rash that initially affected the trunk and root of the limbs, intense desquamation, especially facial, without mucosal lesions. Cervical lymphadenopathy, no hepatomegaly. One month later, residual skin lesions persisted. Complementary examinations: leukocytosis, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis with atypia. Elevation of: CRP, sedimentation rate, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase. Serology hepatitis, influenza, mononucleosis, herpes: Influenza B IgM positive. Urine sediment with bacteriuria. Chest X-ray, thyroid function, renal function, proteinogram, immunoglobulins, complement study and haemostasis: no alterations. Phenytoin levels below the therapeutic range.
| [
"17-year-old",
"woman",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"Lennox-Gastaut",
"syndrome",
"(",
"epileptic",
"encephalopathy",
")",
".",
"Since",
"childhood",
"she",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"valproic",
"acid",
"and",
"levetiracetam",
",",
"later",
"phenytoin",
"was",
"added",
"due",
"to",
"status",
"epilepticus",
"and",
"five",
"weeks",
"after",
"its",
"onset",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"hyperthermia",
"of",
"39oC",
",",
"pruritic",
"skin",
"rash",
"and",
"facial",
"oedema",
".",
"Suspecting",
"AHS",
",",
"we",
"discontinued",
"phenytoin",
"and",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"antihistamines",
"and",
"parenteral",
"steroids",
".",
"Evolution",
":",
"generalisation",
"of",
"the",
"symmetrical",
"maculopapular",
"rash",
"that",
"initially",
"affected",
"the",
"trunk",
"and",
"root",
"of",
"the",
"limbs",
",",
"intense",
"desquamation",
",",
"especially",
"facial",
",",
"without",
"mucosal",
"lesions",
".",
"Cervical",
"lymphadenopathy",
",",
"no",
"hepatomegaly",
".",
"One",
"month",
"later",
",",
"residual",
"skin",
"lesions",
"persisted",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
":",
"leukocytosis",
",",
"eosinophilia",
",",
"lymphocytosis",
"with",
"atypia",
".",
"Elevation",
"of",
":",
"CRP",
",",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
",",
"gamma",
"glutamyl",
"transferase",
",",
"lactate",
"dehydrogenase",
".",
"Serology",
"hepatitis",
",",
"influenza",
",",
"mononucleosis",
",",
"herpes",
":",
"Influenza",
"B",
"IgM",
"positive",
".",
"Urine",
"sediment",
"with",
"bacteriuria",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
",",
"thyroid",
"function",
",",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"proteinogram",
",",
"immunoglobulins",
",",
"complement",
"study",
"and",
"haemostasis",
":",
"no",
"alterations",
".",
"Phenytoin",
"levels",
"below",
"the",
"therapeutic",
"range",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "bacteriuria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 987,
"end": 998
},
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 91,
"end": 100
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
Male, 52 years old, no known drug allergies, computer scientist. Ex-smoker (IPA: 30). Personal history: bilateral tinnitus. No regular medication. Family history: mother diagnosed with colon neoplasia and glioblastoma multiforme.
Oncological history
In February 2019, due to coughing and a feeling of cervical oppression, a thoracic CT scan was performed showing a large anterior polylobulated mediastinal mass measuring 12 x 14 x 15 cm with extensive contact with the ascending aorta and superior vena cava. A PET-CT scan was performed which confirmed these findings and showed metabolic activity of the lesion (SUV 8.3), with no evidence of adenopathy or visceral involvement at any other level. A biopsy was performed, with a pathology report of CKAE1/3, keratin, p63 and PAX8 positive epithelial cells with a CD45 and TdT positive lymphoid component and negative synaptophysin, compatible with thymic carcinoma.
Given the diagnosis of thymic carcinoma with extensive contact with large vessels, the case was presented to the multidisciplinary tumour committee and treatment with induction chemotherapy was decided.
On 11/03/2019 she started treatment with carboplatin-etoposide, administering 2 cycles (last received on 03/04/2019), with regular tolerance, presenting grade 2 nausea and grade 4 thrombopenia and neutropenia as side effects.
Current illness
She attended the emergency department on 18/04/2019 due to pain in the left calf for 5 days and fever with shivering for 1 hour, with no other accompanying symptoms.
Physical examination
Haemodynamically stable. To 37.7oC, O2 saturation breathing ambient air 98%. Conscious and oriented in the three spheres, Glasgow 15. Upper functions preserved, isochoric and normoreactive pupils, without alteration of cranial nerves and with osteotendinous reflexes, symmetrical and preserved strength and sensitivity.
Normal cardiopulmonary auscultation and abdomen without masses or visceromegaly or signs of peritonism.
Lower extremities without oedema, highlighting in IBD twin level erythema with palpation of the venous cord, without temperature increase and with negative Homans sign.
Complementary tests
"Blood tests: leukocytes 1,600, neutrophils 310, haemoglobin 8.8, platelets 14,000, D-dimers 576, CRP 224.4, procalcitonin 0.17. Other biochemistry and coagulation normal.
"Venous Doppler ultrasound of the lower extremities: no signs of superficial or deep vein thrombosis in DID or IBD.
"Urine culture: Escherichia coli pansensible.
"Blood cultures: negative.
Diagnosis
"Masaoka stage III thymic carcinoma.
"Febrile neutropenia.
"Unrelated left twin pain.
Treatment
In view of the febrile pancytopenia, cultures were requested, empirical antibiotherapy was started with piperacillin-tazobactam, G-CSF was administered and it was decided to admit the patient to the Medical Oncology ward. As for the pain in IBD, deep vein thrombosis was ruled out and intravenous analgesia was started with paracetamol and dexketoprofen.
Evolution
The pain in the left calf disappeared completely after 48 hours with the prescribed analgesia. During admission, the patient recovered from the pancytopenia, but persisted with febrile peaks, so the antibiotic spectrum was extended.
On the 7th day of admission, the patient suffered respiratory arrest due to hypercapnic respiratory failure, so intubation was performed and the patient was subsequently admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.
Extubation was attempted on two occasions, requiring reintubation, due to respiratory acidosis and decreased level of consciousness (Glasgow 3). Dysautonomia with hypersweating and haemodynamic instability with rapid atrial fibrillation was also observed. Subsequently, motor limitation of predominantly proximal and upper limbs was observed.
In view of the suspicion of neuromuscular disease, the following complementary tests were performed:
"Lumbar puncture: no pleocytosis or albumin-cytological dissociation.
"EMG: signs of denervation of bulbofacial, proximal cervical and lumbar musculature with peripheral involvement of cranial nerves (absence of R1 in the blink reflex), absence of bilateral phrenic nerve responses, motor conduction with reduced amplitudes, and normal sensory neurography.
"Autoimmunity: positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (titres of 2.64 nmol/l) and antititin. All other anti-neuronal, anti-MAG, anti-MUSH, anti-MAG, anti-nuclear, anti-Ro, anti-ganglioside and anti-sodium and potassium channel antibodies were negative.
"A thoracoabdominal-pelvic CT scan was performed to rule out progression and/or complications, visualising the anterior mediastinal mass of about 8 cm in diameter, with ample contact with the superior vena cava and ascending aorta, with no evident signs of mediastinal infiltration.
With these findings, the case is classified as paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis in a patient with thymic carcinoma. The Tensilon test (edrophonium test) could not be performed due to the patient's dysautonomia.
On 30/04/2019 treatment was started with immunoglobulins and, given the lack of response after five days, treatment was started with bolus methylprednisolone. Subsequently, pyridostigmine was added, but despite all this, the patient evolved unfavourably, with no evidence of improvement, so the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation and the start of palliative sedoanalgesia were agreed with the family, and the patient finally died on 21 May 2019.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"Male",
",",
"52",
"years",
"old",
",",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"computer",
"scientist",
".",
"Ex-smoker",
"(",
"IPA",
":",
"30",
")",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"bilateral",
"tinnitus",
".",
"No",
"regular",
"medication",
".",
"Family",
"history",
":",
"mother",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"colon",
"neoplasia",
"and",
"glioblastoma",
"multiforme",
".",
"Oncological",
"history",
"In",
"February",
"2019",
",",
"due",
"to",
"coughing",
"and",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"cervical",
"oppression",
",",
"a",
"thoracic",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"showing",
"a",
"large",
"anterior",
"polylobulated",
"mediastinal",
"mass",
"measuring",
"12",
"x",
"14",
"x",
"15",
"cm",
"with",
"extensive",
"contact",
"with",
"the",
"ascending",
"aorta",
"and",
"superior",
"vena",
"cava",
".",
"A",
"PET-CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"which",
"confirmed",
"these",
"findings",
"and",
"showed",
"metabolic",
"activity",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"(",
"SUV",
"8",
".",
"3",
")",
",",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"adenopathy",
"or",
"visceral",
"involvement",
"at",
"any",
"other",
"level",
".",
"A",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"a",
"pathology",
"report",
"of",
"CKAE1",
"/",
"3",
",",
"keratin",
",",
"p63",
"and",
"PAX8",
"positive",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"with",
"a",
"CD45",
"and",
"TdT",
"positive",
"lymphoid",
"component",
"and",
"negative",
"synaptophysin",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"thymic",
"carcinoma",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"thymic",
"carcinoma",
"with",
"extensive",
"contact",
"with",
"large",
"vessels",
",",
"the",
"case",
"was",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"multidisciplinary",
"tumour",
"committee",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"induction",
"chemotherapy",
"was",
"decided",
".",
"On",
"11",
"/",
"03",
"/",
"2019",
"she",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"carboplatin-etoposide",
",",
"administering",
"2",
"cycles",
"(",
"last",
"received",
"on",
"03",
"/",
"04",
"/",
"2019",
")",
",",
"with",
"regular",
"tolerance",
",",
"presenting",
"grade",
"2",
"nausea",
"and",
"grade",
"4",
"thrombopenia",
"and",
"neutropenia",
"as",
"side",
"effects",
".",
"Current",
"illness",
"She",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"on",
"18",
"/",
"04",
"/",
"2019",
"due",
"to",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"calf",
"for",
"5",
"days",
"and",
"fever",
"with",
"shivering",
"for",
"1",
"hour",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"accompanying",
"symptoms",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Haemodynamically",
"stable",
".",
"To",
"37",
".",
"7oC",
",",
"O2",
"saturation",
"breathing",
"ambient",
"air",
"98",
"%",
".",
"Conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
"in",
"the",
"three",
"spheres",
",",
"Glasgow",
"15",
".",
"Upper",
"functions",
"preserved",
",",
"isochoric",
"and",
"normoreactive",
"pupils",
",",
"without",
"alteration",
"of",
"cranial",
"nerves",
"and",
"with",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
",",
"symmetrical",
"and",
"preserved",
"strength",
"and",
"sensitivity",
".",
"Normal",
"cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"and",
"abdomen",
"without",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"peritonism",
".",
"Lower",
"extremities",
"without",
"oedema",
",",
"highlighting",
"in",
"IBD",
"twin",
"level",
"erythema",
"with",
"palpation",
"of",
"the",
"venous",
"cord",
",",
"without",
"temperature",
"increase",
"and",
"with",
"negative",
"Homans",
"sign",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"\"",
"Blood",
"tests",
":",
"leukocytes",
"1",
",",
"600",
",",
"neutrophils",
"310",
",",
"haemoglobin",
"8",
".",
"8",
",",
"platelets",
"14",
",",
"000",
",",
"D-dimers",
"576",
",",
"CRP",
"224",
".",
"4",
",",
"procalcitonin",
"0",
".",
"17",
".",
"Other",
"biochemistry",
"and",
"coagulation",
"normal",
".",
"\"",
"Venous",
"Doppler",
"ultrasound",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"extremities",
":",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"superficial",
"or",
"deep",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
"in",
"DID",
"or",
"IBD",
".",
"\"",
"Urine",
"culture",
":",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
"pansensible",
".",
"\"",
"Blood",
"cultures",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"\"",
"Masaoka",
"stage",
"III",
"thymic",
"carcinoma",
".",
"\"",
"Febrile",
"neutropenia",
".",
"\"",
"Unrelated",
"left",
"twin",
"pain",
".",
"Treatment",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"febrile",
"pancytopenia",
",",
"cultures",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"empirical",
"antibiotherapy",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"piperacillin-tazobactam",
",",
"G-CSF",
"was",
"administered",
"and",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"the",
"Medical",
"Oncology",
"ward",
".",
"As",
"for",
"the",
"pain",
"in",
"IBD",
",",
"deep",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"and",
"intravenous",
"analgesia",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"paracetamol",
"and",
"dexketoprofen",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"calf",
"disappeared",
"completely",
"after",
"48",
"hours",
"with",
"the",
"prescribed",
"analgesia",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"recovered",
"from",
"the",
"pancytopenia",
",",
"but",
"persisted",
"with",
"febrile",
"peaks",
",",
"so",
"the",
"antibiotic",
"spectrum",
"was",
"extended",
".",
"On",
"the",
"7th",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"suffered",
"respiratory",
"arrest",
"due",
"to",
"hypercapnic",
"respiratory",
"failure",
",",
"so",
"intubation",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"subsequently",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
".",
"Extubation",
"was",
"attempted",
"on",
"two",
"occasions",
",",
"requiring",
"reintubation",
",",
"due",
"to",
"respiratory",
"acidosis",
"and",
"decreased",
"level",
"of",
"consciousness",
"(",
"Glasgow",
"3",
")",
".",
"Dysautonomia",
"with",
"hypersweating",
"and",
"haemodynamic",
"instability",
"with",
"rapid",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
"was",
"also",
"observed",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"motor",
"limitation",
"of",
"predominantly",
"proximal",
"and",
"upper",
"limbs",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"suspicion",
"of",
"neuromuscular",
"disease",
",",
"the",
"following",
"complementary",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
":",
"\"",
"Lumbar",
"puncture",
":",
"no",
"pleocytosis",
"or",
"albumin-cytological",
"dissociation",
".",
"\"",
"EMG",
":",
"signs",
"of",
"denervation",
"of",
"bulbofacial",
",",
"proximal",
"cervical",
"and",
"lumbar",
"musculature",
"with",
"peripheral",
"involvement",
"of",
"cranial",
"nerves",
"(",
"absence",
"of",
"R1",
"in",
"the",
"blink",
"reflex",
")",
",",
"absence",
"of",
"bilateral",
"phrenic",
"nerve",
"responses",
",",
"motor",
"conduction",
"with",
"reduced",
"amplitudes",
",",
"and",
"normal",
"sensory",
"neurography",
".",
"\"",
"Autoimmunity",
":",
"positive",
"anti-acetylcholine",
"receptor",
"antibodies",
"(",
"titres",
"of",
"2",
".",
"64",
"nmol",
"/",
"l",
")",
"and",
"antititin",
".",
"All",
"other",
"anti-neuronal",
",",
"anti-MAG",
",",
"anti-MUSH",
",",
"anti-MAG",
",",
"anti-nuclear",
",",
"anti-Ro",
",",
"anti-ganglioside",
"and",
"anti-sodium",
"and",
"potassium",
"channel",
"antibodies",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"\"",
"A",
"thoracoabdominal-pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"progression",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"complications",
",",
"visualising",
"the",
"anterior",
"mediastinal",
"mass",
"of",
"about",
"8",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
",",
"with",
"ample",
"contact",
"with",
"the",
"superior",
"vena",
"cava",
"and",
"ascending",
"aorta",
",",
"with",
"no",
"evident",
"signs",
"of",
"mediastinal",
"infiltration",
".",
"With",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"case",
"is",
"classified",
"as",
"paraneoplastic",
"myasthenia",
"gravis",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"thymic",
"carcinoma",
".",
"The",
"Tensilon",
"test",
"(",
"edrophonium",
"test",
")",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"performed",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"dysautonomia",
".",
"On",
"30",
"/",
"04",
"/",
"2019",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"immunoglobulins",
"and",
",",
"given",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"response",
"after",
"five",
"days",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"bolus",
"methylprednisolone",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"pyridostigmine",
"was",
"added",
",",
"but",
"despite",
"all",
"this",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"evolved",
"unfavourably",
",",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"improvement",
",",
"so",
"the",
"withdrawal",
"of",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
"and",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"palliative",
"sedoanalgesia",
"were",
"agreed",
"with",
"the",
"family",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"finally",
"died",
"on",
"21",
"May",
"2019",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10,
"end": 14
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 157,
"end": 163
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 173,
"end": 179
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 96,
"end": 104
},
{
"text": "computer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 55,
"end": 63
},
{
"text": "Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2479,
"end": 2495
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2828,
"end": 2835
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3127,
"end": 3134
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3276,
"end": 3283
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3388,
"end": 3395
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4881,
"end": 4888
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4983,
"end": 4990
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5402,
"end": 5408
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5232,
"end": 5239
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5418,
"end": 5425
}
] | en |
A 70-year-old man presented with fever of unknown origin and leg pain. He had metastatic rectal cancer and had started palliative QT 3 days earlier. A pelvic X-ray was performed and admission CK of 1600 mg/dl and CRP 20 mg/L were obtained, which was attributed to "post-QT rhabdomyolysis". After 12h, an extensive erythematous lesion appeared on the inner thigh, dysaesthesia and CK of 6000 mg/dl with CRP 40 mg/L, leukopenia, hypotension and fluctuations in consciousness. A cranial and pelvic CT scan + MMII was requested. The admission X-ray showed the presence of abundant gas apparently located between the muscle fibres of the iliac muscle and proximal musculature of the right leg. The CT scan without contrast (given his renal insufficiency) confirms the X-ray findings, showing the presence of gas between the muscle fibres and fasciae of the pelvic muscles and right thigh, inflammatory signs and oedema in the fat adjacent to the affected muscles. Findings in relation to fasciitis/necrotising myositis. The cranial study was normal. Staphylococcus hominis and Clostridium septicum appeared in the blood. 3 hours after the CT scan, debridement was performed and after 12 hours the patient died.
| [
"A",
"70-year-old",
"man",
"presented",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"unknown",
"origin",
"and",
"leg",
"pain",
".",
"He",
"had",
"metastatic",
"rectal",
"cancer",
"and",
"had",
"started",
"palliative",
"QT",
"3",
"days",
"earlier",
".",
"A",
"pelvic",
"X-ray",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"admission",
"CK",
"of",
"1600",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"CRP",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
"were",
"obtained",
",",
"which",
"was",
"attributed",
"to",
"\"",
"post-QT",
"rhabdomyolysis",
"\"",
".",
"After",
"12h",
",",
"an",
"extensive",
"erythematous",
"lesion",
"appeared",
"on",
"the",
"inner",
"thigh",
",",
"dysaesthesia",
"and",
"CK",
"of",
"6000",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"with",
"CRP",
"40",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"leukopenia",
",",
"hypotension",
"and",
"fluctuations",
"in",
"consciousness",
".",
"A",
"cranial",
"and",
"pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
"+",
"MMII",
"was",
"requested",
".",
"The",
"admission",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"abundant",
"gas",
"apparently",
"located",
"between",
"the",
"muscle",
"fibres",
"of",
"the",
"iliac",
"muscle",
"and",
"proximal",
"musculature",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"leg",
".",
"The",
"CT",
"scan",
"without",
"contrast",
"(",
"given",
"his",
"renal",
"insufficiency",
")",
"confirms",
"the",
"X-ray",
"findings",
",",
"showing",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"gas",
"between",
"the",
"muscle",
"fibres",
"and",
"fasciae",
"of",
"the",
"pelvic",
"muscles",
"and",
"right",
"thigh",
",",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
"and",
"oedema",
"in",
"the",
"fat",
"adjacent",
"to",
"the",
"affected",
"muscles",
".",
"Findings",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"fasciitis",
"/",
"necrotising",
"myositis",
".",
"The",
"cranial",
"study",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Staphylococcus",
"hominis",
"and",
"Clostridium",
"septicum",
"appeared",
"in",
"the",
"blood",
".",
"3",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"debridement",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"after",
"12",
"hours",
"the",
"patient",
"died",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1192,
"end": 1199
},
{
"text": "Clostridium septicum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1072,
"end": 1092
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus hominis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1045,
"end": 1067
}
] | en |
A case of mucosal lesion is presented in a 48-year-old male patient, married, a Venezuelan forestry engineer, living in the city of Mérida in western Venezuela. Due to his occupation, he reports frequent visits to forests in the Andean foothills of the states of Mérida, Trujillo, Táchira and Barinas, as well as the plains localities of the state of Apure and others in the state of Bolívar, in southern Venezuela, including the Gran Sabana, Imataca and El Dorado. The patient claims to have spent long periods of time in localities where leishmaniasis is considered endemic and states that he recognises the insects incriminated as transmitters of Leishmania. He also states that he has not presented any primary skin lesions attributed to this parasitosis. The patient's clinical history dates back to 1996, when he reported having suffered discomfort with bleeding from the nostrils and crusting of the nasal septum. The following year, an examination by an ENT doctor revealed a lesion on the nasal septum. Referred to a dermatologist, he underwent an intradermal reaction test (IDR) with application of leishmanin to screen for leishmaniasis, with negative results. Subsequently, a surgical curettage was performed to remove a scab from the nasal septum, revealing a perforation of approximately 1cm. Analysis of the biopsy taken from the lesion showed necrotic tissue and chronic inflammation. Culture of the sample showed an abundance of Staphylococcus aureus. During the period 1998-2008, the patient reported constant relapses of the clinical picture with frequent reactivation of the edges of the perforation, crusting and nasal bleeding. In 2011, necrosis was detected and he underwent surgery to remove the scab, which revealed an increase in the perforation.
The biopsy again showed chronic inflammation and the culture showed S. aureus. Screening for tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus indicated by the medical report showed negative results. Subsequently, a new biopsy was ordered to screen for leishmaniasis, suggesting inconclusive or negative results. Subsequently, in a hospital environment, leishmanin application was indicated, revealing inconclusive or negative results. A repeat IDR test was negative. In January 2012, the patient arrived at our laboratory with slides taken from the ENT section of the Hospital Universitario de los Andes after a demonstration of the active lesion in the region of the nasal septum. The slides containing material from the affected area were processed by different methodologies. In addition, a blood sample was collected from the patient by peripheral venous puncture for PCR assays and serological studies by different methods.
Ethical considerations Prior to sampling, the patient was informed of all sample processing, signing the prior informed consent (PIC) and authorising its execution.
RESULTS
Parasitological examination
Amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. were detected on slide smears, stained with 10% Giemsa in phosphate buffer pH 7.2, containing material taken from the nasal septum lesion. In general, the number of parasites observed was low, sometimes detecting up to 2 amastigotes per 1000X microscopic field. Observation was performed under an Axioskop-Zeiss-Germany microscope coupled to a Noticam 480 digital camera interfaced with an HP laptop, and each positive microscopic field was recorded. Morphology of detected amastigotes.
Identification of Leishmania species by PCR assays
In order to identify the species to which the Leishmania amastigotes detected in the parasitological examination described above belong, DNA isolation was performed from the material obtained from the nasal septum lesion. The examined sample arrived at the laboratory spread on slides. DNA extraction was performed using the classical phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) method. The DNA obtained was processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using the multiplex methodology previously developed for neotropical Leishmania species. The multiplex PCR assay yielded positive results for Leishmania braziliensis demonstrated by amplification of a strong 148 bp band from the nasal septum lesion sample as described above. Similar, but fainter band signals were also detected in peripheral blood samples from the patient, processed with the same multiplex PCR assay. PCR assay results on nasal septum and peripheral blood material from the patient.
Serological examination
An aliquot of the patient's serum was collected for conventional serological tests to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies (Ac) using L. braziliensis antigen. These included a direct agglutination test (DAT) and an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) following previously standardised procedures adapted in our laboratory for this purpose. All tests were negative.
Application of alternative diagnostic test to corroborate Leishmania braziliensis infection
In order to confirm L. braziliensis as the causative agent of the lesion in the case reported, an alternative serological test was applied in Western Blot format, using GPI (Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl-Inositol)-anchored proteins as antigen to the membrane of L. braziliensis promastigotes. These proteins have been successfully tested in our laboratory as specific biochemical markers to identify and differentiate leishmaniasis caused by L. (V.) braziliensis, following previously described methodology. Application of the test revealed a band of approximately 50kDa specific for L. braziliensis, which is not detected in sera from individuals infected by L. (L.) mexicana or L. (L.) amazonensis. (L.) amazonensis, confirming the identity revealed by the PCR assay. Likewise, this reaction allows asserting that the lesion presented by the case studied is parasitologically and immunologically active, since in treated or cured cases the reaction is negative.
| [
"A",
"case",
"of",
"mucosal",
"lesion",
"is",
"presented",
"in",
"a",
"48-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
",",
"married",
",",
"a",
"Venezuelan",
"forestry",
"engineer",
",",
"living",
"in",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Mérida",
"in",
"western",
"Venezuela",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"his",
"occupation",
",",
"he",
"reports",
"frequent",
"visits",
"to",
"forests",
"in",
"the",
"Andean",
"foothills",
"of",
"the",
"states",
"of",
"Mérida",
",",
"Trujillo",
",",
"Táchira",
"and",
"Barinas",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"plains",
"localities",
"of",
"the",
"state",
"of",
"Apure",
"and",
"others",
"in",
"the",
"state",
"of",
"Bolívar",
",",
"in",
"southern",
"Venezuela",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Gran",
"Sabana",
",",
"Imataca",
"and",
"El",
"Dorado",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"claims",
"to",
"have",
"spent",
"long",
"periods",
"of",
"time",
"in",
"localities",
"where",
"leishmaniasis",
"is",
"considered",
"endemic",
"and",
"states",
"that",
"he",
"recognises",
"the",
"insects",
"incriminated",
"as",
"transmitters",
"of",
"Leishmania",
".",
"He",
"also",
"states",
"that",
"he",
"has",
"not",
"presented",
"any",
"primary",
"skin",
"lesions",
"attributed",
"to",
"this",
"parasitosis",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"clinical",
"history",
"dates",
"back",
"to",
"1996",
",",
"when",
"he",
"reported",
"having",
"suffered",
"discomfort",
"with",
"bleeding",
"from",
"the",
"nostrils",
"and",
"crusting",
"of",
"the",
"nasal",
"septum",
".",
"The",
"following",
"year",
",",
"an",
"examination",
"by",
"an",
"ENT",
"doctor",
"revealed",
"a",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"nasal",
"septum",
".",
"Referred",
"to",
"a",
"dermatologist",
",",
"he",
"underwent",
"an",
"intradermal",
"reaction",
"test",
"(",
"IDR",
")",
"with",
"application",
"of",
"leishmanin",
"to",
"screen",
"for",
"leishmaniasis",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"results",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"a",
"surgical",
"curettage",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"remove",
"a",
"scab",
"from",
"the",
"nasal",
"septum",
",",
"revealing",
"a",
"perforation",
"of",
"approximately",
"1cm",
".",
"Analysis",
"of",
"the",
"biopsy",
"taken",
"from",
"the",
"lesion",
"showed",
"necrotic",
"tissue",
"and",
"chronic",
"inflammation",
".",
"Culture",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"showed",
"an",
"abundance",
"of",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
".",
"During",
"the",
"period",
"1998-2008",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"constant",
"relapses",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
"with",
"frequent",
"reactivation",
"of",
"the",
"edges",
"of",
"the",
"perforation",
",",
"crusting",
"and",
"nasal",
"bleeding",
".",
"In",
"2011",
",",
"necrosis",
"was",
"detected",
"and",
"he",
"underwent",
"surgery",
"to",
"remove",
"the",
"scab",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"perforation",
".",
"The",
"biopsy",
"again",
"showed",
"chronic",
"inflammation",
"and",
"the",
"culture",
"showed",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
".",
"Screening",
"for",
"tuberculosis",
"and",
"cytomegalovirus",
"indicated",
"by",
"the",
"medical",
"report",
"showed",
"negative",
"results",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"a",
"new",
"biopsy",
"was",
"ordered",
"to",
"screen",
"for",
"leishmaniasis",
",",
"suggesting",
"inconclusive",
"or",
"negative",
"results",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"in",
"a",
"hospital",
"environment",
",",
"leishmanin",
"application",
"was",
"indicated",
",",
"revealing",
"inconclusive",
"or",
"negative",
"results",
".",
"A",
"repeat",
"IDR",
"test",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"In",
"January",
"2012",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"arrived",
"at",
"our",
"laboratory",
"with",
"slides",
"taken",
"from",
"the",
"ENT",
"section",
"of",
"the",
"Hospital",
"Universitario",
"de",
"los",
"Andes",
"after",
"a",
"demonstration",
"of",
"the",
"active",
"lesion",
"in",
"the",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"nasal",
"septum",
".",
"The",
"slides",
"containing",
"material",
"from",
"the",
"affected",
"area",
"were",
"processed",
"by",
"different",
"methodologies",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"a",
"blood",
"sample",
"was",
"collected",
"from",
"the",
"patient",
"by",
"peripheral",
"venous",
"puncture",
"for",
"PCR",
"assays",
"and",
"serological",
"studies",
"by",
"different",
"methods",
".",
"Ethical",
"considerations",
"Prior",
"to",
"sampling",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"informed",
"of",
"all",
"sample",
"processing",
",",
"signing",
"the",
"prior",
"informed",
"consent",
"(",
"PIC",
")",
"and",
"authorising",
"its",
"execution",
".",
"RESULTS",
"Parasitological",
"examination",
"Amastigote",
"forms",
"of",
"Leishmania",
"sp",
".",
"were",
"detected",
"on",
"slide",
"smears",
",",
"stained",
"with",
"10",
"%",
"Giemsa",
"in",
"phosphate",
"buffer",
"pH",
"7",
".",
"2",
",",
"containing",
"material",
"taken",
"from",
"the",
"nasal",
"septum",
"lesion",
".",
"In",
"general",
",",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"parasites",
"observed",
"was",
"low",
",",
"sometimes",
"detecting",
"up",
"to",
"2",
"amastigotes",
"per",
"1000X",
"microscopic",
"field",
".",
"Observation",
"was",
"performed",
"under",
"an",
"Axioskop-Zeiss-Germany",
"microscope",
"coupled",
"to",
"a",
"Noticam",
"480",
"digital",
"camera",
"interfaced",
"with",
"an",
"HP",
"laptop",
",",
"and",
"each",
"positive",
"microscopic",
"field",
"was",
"recorded",
".",
"Morphology",
"of",
"detected",
"amastigotes",
".",
"Identification",
"of",
"Leishmania",
"species",
"by",
"PCR",
"assays",
"In",
"order",
"to",
"identify",
"the",
"species",
"to",
"which",
"the",
"Leishmania",
"amastigotes",
"detected",
"in",
"the",
"parasitological",
"examination",
"described",
"above",
"belong",
",",
"DNA",
"isolation",
"was",
"performed",
"from",
"the",
"material",
"obtained",
"from",
"the",
"nasal",
"septum",
"lesion",
".",
"The",
"examined",
"sample",
"arrived",
"at",
"the",
"laboratory",
"spread",
"on",
"slides",
".",
"DNA",
"extraction",
"was",
"performed",
"using",
"the",
"classical",
"phenol",
":",
"chloroform",
":",
"isoamyl",
"alcohol",
"(",
"25",
":",
"24",
":",
"1",
")",
"method",
".",
"The",
"DNA",
"obtained",
"was",
"processed",
"by",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"PCR",
")",
"assays",
"using",
"the",
"multiplex",
"methodology",
"previously",
"developed",
"for",
"neotropical",
"Leishmania",
"species",
".",
"The",
"multiplex",
"PCR",
"assay",
"yielded",
"positive",
"results",
"for",
"Leishmania",
"braziliensis",
"demonstrated",
"by",
"amplification",
"of",
"a",
"strong",
"148",
"bp",
"band",
"from",
"the",
"nasal",
"septum",
"lesion",
"sample",
"as",
"described",
"above",
".",
"Similar",
",",
"but",
"fainter",
"band",
"signals",
"were",
"also",
"detected",
"in",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"samples",
"from",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"processed",
"with",
"the",
"same",
"multiplex",
"PCR",
"assay",
".",
"PCR",
"assay",
"results",
"on",
"nasal",
"septum",
"and",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"material",
"from",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"Serological",
"examination",
"An",
"aliquot",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"serum",
"was",
"collected",
"for",
"conventional",
"serological",
"tests",
"to",
"detect",
"anti-Leishmania",
"antibodies",
"(",
"Ac",
")",
"using",
"L",
".",
"braziliensis",
"antigen",
".",
"These",
"included",
"a",
"direct",
"agglutination",
"test",
"(",
"DAT",
")",
"and",
"an",
"indirect",
"immunofluorescence",
"assay",
"(",
"IFA",
")",
"following",
"previously",
"standardised",
"procedures",
"adapted",
"in",
"our",
"laboratory",
"for",
"this",
"purpose",
".",
"All",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Application",
"of",
"alternative",
"diagnostic",
"test",
"to",
"corroborate",
"Leishmania",
"braziliensis",
"infection",
"In",
"order",
"to",
"confirm",
"L",
".",
"braziliensis",
"as",
"the",
"causative",
"agent",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"in",
"the",
"case",
"reported",
",",
"an",
"alternative",
"serological",
"test",
"was",
"applied",
"in",
"Western",
"Blot",
"format",
",",
"using",
"GPI",
"(",
"Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl-Inositol",
")",
"-",
"anchored",
"proteins",
"as",
"antigen",
"to",
"the",
"membrane",
"of",
"L",
".",
"braziliensis",
"promastigotes",
".",
"These",
"proteins",
"have",
"been",
"successfully",
"tested",
"in",
"our",
"laboratory",
"as",
"specific",
"biochemical",
"markers",
"to",
"identify",
"and",
"differentiate",
"leishmaniasis",
"caused",
"by",
"L",
".",
"(",
"V",
".",
")",
"braziliensis",
",",
"following",
"previously",
"described",
"methodology",
".",
"Application",
"of",
"the",
"test",
"revealed",
"a",
"band",
"of",
"approximately",
"50kDa",
"specific",
"for",
"L",
".",
"braziliensis",
",",
"which",
"is",
"not",
"detected",
"in",
"sera",
"from",
"individuals",
"infected",
"by",
"L",
".",
"(",
"L",
".",
")",
"mexicana",
"or",
"L",
".",
"(",
"L",
".",
")",
"amazonensis",
".",
"(",
"L",
".",
")",
"amazonensis",
",",
"confirming",
"the",
"identity",
"revealed",
"by",
"the",
"PCR",
"assay",
".",
"Likewise",
",",
"this",
"reaction",
"allows",
"asserting",
"that",
"the",
"lesion",
"presented",
"by",
"the",
"case",
"studied",
"is",
"parasitologically",
"and",
"immunologically",
"active",
",",
"since",
"in",
"treated",
"or",
"cured",
"cases",
"the",
"reaction",
"is",
"negative",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 650,
"end": 660
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1446,
"end": 1467
},
{
"text": "dermatologist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1026,
"end": 1039
},
{
"text": "insects",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 610,
"end": 617
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 60,
"end": 67
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 470,
"end": 477
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 764,
"end": 771
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1502,
"end": 1509
},
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 55,
"end": 67
},
{
"text": "leishmanin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1109,
"end": 1119
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1884,
"end": 1899
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2246,
"end": 2253
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2588,
"end": 2595
},
{
"text": "S. aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1842,
"end": 1851
},
{
"text": "leishmanin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2111,
"end": 2121
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2734,
"end": 2741
},
{
"text": "Parasitological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2863,
"end": 2878
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2912,
"end": 2922
},
{
"text": "amastigotes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3148,
"end": 3159
},
{
"text": "amastigotes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3401,
"end": 3412
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3092,
"end": 3101
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3433,
"end": 3443
},
{
"text": "Leishmania species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3433,
"end": 3451
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3444,
"end": 3451
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3513,
"end": 3523
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3998,
"end": 4008
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4071,
"end": 4081
},
{
"text": "amastigotes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3524,
"end": 3535
},
{
"text": "Leishmania amastigotes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3513,
"end": 3535
},
{
"text": "Leishmania species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3998,
"end": 4016
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3492,
"end": 3499
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4009,
"end": 4016
},
{
"text": "neotropical Leishmania species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3986,
"end": 4016
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4295,
"end": 4302
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4422,
"end": 4429
},
{
"text": "Leishmania braziliensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4071,
"end": 4094
},
{
"text": "parasitological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3552,
"end": 3567
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4557,
"end": 4567
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4477,
"end": 4484
},
{
"text": "L. braziliensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4590,
"end": 4605
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4884,
"end": 4894
},
{
"text": "Leishmania braziliensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4884,
"end": 4907
},
{
"text": "individuals",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5547,
"end": 5558
}
] | en |
HISTORY, CURRENT DISEASE AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
19-year-old female patient with a personal history of anorexia-bulimia for 2 years undergoing psychological treatment, with no toxic habits. Diagnosed in January 2016 with severe bone marrow aplasia, with no response to immunosuppressive treatment, on the waiting list for a bone marrow transplant. Carrier of subcutaneous venous reservoir. Current history: fever up to 39°C, vomiting and dizziness of less than 24 hours of evolution. She also reports a dry, irritative cough of about 15 days' duration. No rhinorrhoea, no otalgia. No micturition symptoms. No alterations in stool habits. Last transfusion last Thursday. She reported pain and discomfort in the reservoir area of a week's evolution, with erythematous area and increased local heat.
Physical examination
Blood pressure 108/68. Heart rate 123 pm. Temperature 38.50 oC. Oxygen saturation 99% basal. Conscious, oriented, reactive. Glasgow 15. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic heart sounds, tachycardic. No murmurs were heard. Pulmonary auscultation: normal ventilation in all fields. Bilateral PPR negative. Lower extremities: no oedema, no signs of DVT. Abdomen: soft, depressible, painful on palpation of the epigastrium. No masses or visceromegaly palpable. Peristalsis preserved, no signs of peritonism. Blumberg and Murphy negative.
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS
CBC: 900 leukocytes with 400 neutrophils per dl, Hb 9.8 g/dl, Hto 28.5%, platelets 8,000. Glucose 103 mg/dl, urea 42 mg/dl, creatinine 0.67 mg/dl, total bilirubin 2.11 mg/dl, Na 136 mEq/l, K 3.8 mEq/l. FA 71 mg/dl, GGT 15 mg/dl, GOT 89 mg/dl, GPT 106 mg/dl, LDH 144 mg/dl.
Blood cultures: positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis, resistant to cloxacillin.
Chest X-ray: possible consolidating focus in LID.
Echocardiogram: normal LVEF and no contractile asymmetries. Normal diastole. LA not dilated. MV of fine veils, preserved kinetics, no MI. VAo trivalva, fine veils, normal flow. Dilated right chambers (RV inflow tract 50 mm and AD area 23 cm2), with preserved function. TV: thickening (11 mm) of the posterior and proximal subvalvular annulus as well as the entire posterior leaflet. At least two thick, echodense, anarchically moving masses, almost 2 cm long, originating in the atrial side of the posterior annulus and posterior leaflet, suggestive of endocardial involvement. Smaller mobile images can be seen on the other two leaflets. In addition, a rounded, echodense image on distal subvalvular, very mobile, which usually corresponds to fibrosis of the subvalvular, but endocardial involvement at that level cannot be ruled out given the clinical context. Severe TR without appreciating clear perforation of the leaflets. No apparent mobile images on the tip of the central catheter of the RA. PAPs 30-35 mmHg.
Transesophageal echocardiogram: VT compatible with what was seen in TTE: thickening of the posterior and lateral region of the annulus as well as the leaflets, without observing abcessed formations. At least two thick, echodense, anarchically moving masses, about 16 mm long and 7 mm wide, originating in the atrial slope, at the junction of the leaflets and the posterior and lateral annulus, compatible with endocarditic process. Severe tricuspid insufficiency with more echodense formation in distal subvalvular, possibly corresponding to fibrosis, without being able to rule out endocarditic formation at that level.
EVOLUTION
The patient was admitted to the Haematology Department for broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and transfusion of irradiated products (2 HC and 1 platelet pool in the Emergency Department). Given the suspicion of reservoir infection and possible endocarditis, a transthoracic echocardiogram was requested, where endocarditis was found at the level of the tricuspid valve, which was confirmed after TEE. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was started, awaiting clinical response and to assess options after 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy.
DIAGNOSIS
Severe bone marrow aplasia with no response to immunosuppressive treatment. Endocarditis on tricuspid valve due to Staphylococcus epidermidis.
| [
"HISTORY",
",",
"CURRENT",
"DISEASE",
"AND",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
"19-year-old",
"female",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"anorexia-bulimia",
"for",
"2",
"years",
"undergoing",
"psychological",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"no",
"toxic",
"habits",
".",
"Diagnosed",
"in",
"January",
"2016",
"with",
"severe",
"bone",
"marrow",
"aplasia",
",",
"with",
"no",
"response",
"to",
"immunosuppressive",
"treatment",
",",
"on",
"the",
"waiting",
"list",
"for",
"a",
"bone",
"marrow",
"transplant",
".",
"Carrier",
"of",
"subcutaneous",
"venous",
"reservoir",
".",
"Current",
"history",
":",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"39",
"°",
"C",
",",
"vomiting",
"and",
"dizziness",
"of",
"less",
"than",
"24",
"hours",
"of",
"evolution",
".",
"She",
"also",
"reports",
"a",
"dry",
",",
"irritative",
"cough",
"of",
"about",
"15",
"days",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"No",
"rhinorrhoea",
",",
"no",
"otalgia",
".",
"No",
"micturition",
"symptoms",
".",
"No",
"alterations",
"in",
"stool",
"habits",
".",
"Last",
"transfusion",
"last",
"Thursday",
".",
"She",
"reported",
"pain",
"and",
"discomfort",
"in",
"the",
"reservoir",
"area",
"of",
"a",
"week",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
",",
"with",
"erythematous",
"area",
"and",
"increased",
"local",
"heat",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"108",
"/",
"68",
".",
"Heart",
"rate",
"123",
"pm",
".",
"Temperature",
"38",
".",
"50",
"oC",
".",
"Oxygen",
"saturation",
"99",
"%",
"basal",
".",
"Conscious",
",",
"oriented",
",",
"reactive",
".",
"Glasgow",
"15",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
":",
"rhythmic",
"heart",
"sounds",
",",
"tachycardic",
".",
"No",
"murmurs",
"were",
"heard",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"normal",
"ventilation",
"in",
"all",
"fields",
".",
"Bilateral",
"PPR",
"negative",
".",
"Lower",
"extremities",
":",
"no",
"oedema",
",",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"DVT",
".",
"Abdomen",
":",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
"of",
"the",
"epigastrium",
".",
"No",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
"palpable",
".",
"Peristalsis",
"preserved",
",",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"peritonism",
".",
"Blumberg",
"and",
"Murphy",
"negative",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"CBC",
":",
"900",
"leukocytes",
"with",
"400",
"neutrophils",
"per",
"dl",
",",
"Hb",
"9",
".",
"8",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"Hto",
"28",
".",
"5",
"%",
",",
"platelets",
"8",
",",
"000",
".",
"Glucose",
"103",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"urea",
"42",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"67",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"total",
"bilirubin",
"2",
".",
"11",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"Na",
"136",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"K",
"3",
".",
"8",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
".",
"FA",
"71",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"GGT",
"15",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"GOT",
"89",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"GPT",
"106",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"LDH",
"144",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
":",
"positive",
"for",
"Staphylococcus",
"epidermidis",
",",
"resistant",
"to",
"cloxacillin",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"possible",
"consolidating",
"focus",
"in",
"LID",
".",
"Echocardiogram",
":",
"normal",
"LVEF",
"and",
"no",
"contractile",
"asymmetries",
".",
"Normal",
"diastole",
".",
"LA",
"not",
"dilated",
".",
"MV",
"of",
"fine",
"veils",
",",
"preserved",
"kinetics",
",",
"no",
"MI",
".",
"VAo",
"trivalva",
",",
"fine",
"veils",
",",
"normal",
"flow",
".",
"Dilated",
"right",
"chambers",
"(",
"RV",
"inflow",
"tract",
"50",
"mm",
"and",
"AD",
"area",
"23",
"cm2",
")",
",",
"with",
"preserved",
"function",
".",
"TV",
":",
"thickening",
"(",
"11",
"mm",
")",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"and",
"proximal",
"subvalvular",
"annulus",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"entire",
"posterior",
"leaflet",
".",
"At",
"least",
"two",
"thick",
",",
"echodense",
",",
"anarchically",
"moving",
"masses",
",",
"almost",
"2",
"cm",
"long",
",",
"originating",
"in",
"the",
"atrial",
"side",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"annulus",
"and",
"posterior",
"leaflet",
",",
"suggestive",
"of",
"endocardial",
"involvement",
".",
"Smaller",
"mobile",
"images",
"can",
"be",
"seen",
"on",
"the",
"other",
"two",
"leaflets",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"a",
"rounded",
",",
"echodense",
"image",
"on",
"distal",
"subvalvular",
",",
"very",
"mobile",
",",
"which",
"usually",
"corresponds",
"to",
"fibrosis",
"of",
"the",
"subvalvular",
",",
"but",
"endocardial",
"involvement",
"at",
"that",
"level",
"cannot",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"given",
"the",
"clinical",
"context",
".",
"Severe",
"TR",
"without",
"appreciating",
"clear",
"perforation",
"of",
"the",
"leaflets",
".",
"No",
"apparent",
"mobile",
"images",
"on",
"the",
"tip",
"of",
"the",
"central",
"catheter",
"of",
"the",
"RA",
".",
"PAPs",
"30-35",
"mmHg",
".",
"Transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
":",
"VT",
"compatible",
"with",
"what",
"was",
"seen",
"in",
"TTE",
":",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"and",
"lateral",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"annulus",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"leaflets",
",",
"without",
"observing",
"abcessed",
"formations",
".",
"At",
"least",
"two",
"thick",
",",
"echodense",
",",
"anarchically",
"moving",
"masses",
",",
"about",
"16",
"mm",
"long",
"and",
"7",
"mm",
"wide",
",",
"originating",
"in",
"the",
"atrial",
"slope",
",",
"at",
"the",
"junction",
"of",
"the",
"leaflets",
"and",
"the",
"posterior",
"and",
"lateral",
"annulus",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"endocarditic",
"process",
".",
"Severe",
"tricuspid",
"insufficiency",
"with",
"more",
"echodense",
"formation",
"in",
"distal",
"subvalvular",
",",
"possibly",
"corresponding",
"to",
"fibrosis",
",",
"without",
"being",
"able",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"endocarditic",
"formation",
"at",
"that",
"level",
".",
"EVOLUTION",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Haematology",
"Department",
"for",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"and",
"transfusion",
"of",
"irradiated",
"products",
"(",
"2",
"HC",
"and",
"1",
"platelet",
"pool",
"in",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
")",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"suspicion",
"of",
"reservoir",
"infection",
"and",
"possible",
"endocarditis",
",",
"a",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"where",
"endocarditis",
"was",
"found",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"tricuspid",
"valve",
",",
"which",
"was",
"confirmed",
"after",
"TEE",
".",
"Broad-spectrum",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
",",
"awaiting",
"clinical",
"response",
"and",
"to",
"assess",
"options",
"after",
"6",
"weeks",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
".",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Severe",
"bone",
"marrow",
"aplasia",
"with",
"no",
"response",
"to",
"immunosuppressive",
"treatment",
".",
"Endocarditis",
"on",
"tricuspid",
"valve",
"due",
"to",
"Staphylococcus",
"epidermidis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "female patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 62,
"end": 76
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 69,
"end": 76
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 84,
"end": 92
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1673,
"end": 1699
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3431,
"end": 3438
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4091,
"end": 4117
}
] | en |
To study hypersensitivity to potato in a 6-year-old boy who consulted for refusal to eat and subsequent episodes of food vomiting after eating potato, as well as urticaria after eating eggs, nuts and carrots.
Material and methods:
Skin tests to pneumoallergens and food, prick-prick to food, total IgE, specific IgE and determination of SDS-Page and Immunoblotting were performed.
Results:
Skin tests to pneumoallergens were negative; with food, positivity was detected for egg, nuts (hazelnut, walnut and pine nut) and vegetables (potato and carrot). The prick-prick was positive for carrot (raw), potato (raw and cooked), raw egg white and walnut. Total IgE = 437 U/ ml, and IgE to egg white = 1.41 kU/L, hazelnut = 2.53 kU/L, potato >100 kU/L, ovomucoid = 2.02 kU/L, walnut = 8.89 kU/L, Cor a 1 = 2.38 kU/L, Jug r 1 = 3.08 kU/L, pine nut = 1.35 kU/L and carrot = 1.99 kU/L. SDS-PAGE was performed with a potato extract in which bands of approximately 43, 25 and 16 kDa were observed. Immunoblotting recognises 2 bands at 43 and 16 kDa, which coincide in molecular weight with the allergens Sol t 1 (patatin) and Sol t 4 (serine protease inhibitor 7) respectively.
Conclusions:
- The diagnosis of potato hypersensitivity due to sensitisation to Sol t 1 and Sol t 4 with concomitant hypersensitivity to carrot, egg, pine nut, walnut and hazelnut is confirmed.
| [
"To",
"study",
"hypersensitivity",
"to",
"potato",
"in",
"a",
"6-year-old",
"boy",
"who",
"consulted",
"for",
"refusal",
"to",
"eat",
"and",
"subsequent",
"episodes",
"of",
"food",
"vomiting",
"after",
"eating",
"potato",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"urticaria",
"after",
"eating",
"eggs",
",",
"nuts",
"and",
"carrots",
".",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
":",
"Skin",
"tests",
"to",
"pneumoallergens",
"and",
"food",
",",
"prick-prick",
"to",
"food",
",",
"total",
"IgE",
",",
"specific",
"IgE",
"and",
"determination",
"of",
"SDS-Page",
"and",
"Immunoblotting",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"Results",
":",
"Skin",
"tests",
"to",
"pneumoallergens",
"were",
"negative",
";",
"with",
"food",
",",
"positivity",
"was",
"detected",
"for",
"egg",
",",
"nuts",
"(",
"hazelnut",
",",
"walnut",
"and",
"pine",
"nut",
")",
"and",
"vegetables",
"(",
"potato",
"and",
"carrot",
")",
".",
"The",
"prick-prick",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"carrot",
"(",
"raw",
")",
",",
"potato",
"(",
"raw",
"and",
"cooked",
")",
",",
"raw",
"egg",
"white",
"and",
"walnut",
".",
"Total",
"IgE",
"=",
"437",
"U",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"and",
"IgE",
"to",
"egg",
"white",
"=",
"1",
".",
"41",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"hazelnut",
"=",
"2",
".",
"53",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"potato",
">",
"100",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"ovomucoid",
"=",
"2",
".",
"02",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"walnut",
"=",
"8",
".",
"89",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"Cor",
"a",
"1",
"=",
"2",
".",
"38",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"Jug",
"r",
"1",
"=",
"3",
".",
"08",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"pine",
"nut",
"=",
"1",
".",
"35",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"carrot",
"=",
"1",
".",
"99",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
".",
"SDS-PAGE",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"a",
"potato",
"extract",
"in",
"which",
"bands",
"of",
"approximately",
"43",
",",
"25",
"and",
"16",
"kDa",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Immunoblotting",
"recognises",
"2",
"bands",
"at",
"43",
"and",
"16",
"kDa",
",",
"which",
"coincide",
"in",
"molecular",
"weight",
"with",
"the",
"allergens",
"Sol",
"t",
"1",
"(",
"patatin",
")",
"and",
"Sol",
"t",
"4",
"(",
"serine",
"protease",
"inhibitor",
"7",
")",
"respectively",
".",
"Conclusions",
":",
"-",
"The",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"potato",
"hypersensitivity",
"due",
"to",
"sensitisation",
"to",
"Sol",
"t",
"1",
"and",
"Sol",
"t",
"4",
"with",
"concomitant",
"hypersensitivity",
"to",
"carrot",
",",
"egg",
",",
"pine",
"nut",
",",
"walnut",
"and",
"hazelnut",
"is",
"confirmed",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "potato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 29,
"end": 35
},
{
"text": "potato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 143,
"end": 149
},
{
"text": "potato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 534,
"end": 540
},
{
"text": "potato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 601,
"end": 607
},
{
"text": "potato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 731,
"end": 737
},
{
"text": "potato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 909,
"end": 915
},
{
"text": "carrot",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 545,
"end": 551
},
{
"text": "carrot",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 587,
"end": 593
},
{
"text": "carrot",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 859,
"end": 865
},
{
"text": "hazelnut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 487,
"end": 495
},
{
"text": "hazelnut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 709,
"end": 717
},
{
"text": "walnut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 497,
"end": 503
},
{
"text": "walnut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 644,
"end": 650
},
{
"text": "walnut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 772,
"end": 778
},
{
"text": "nut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 513,
"end": 516
},
{
"text": "nut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 839,
"end": 842
},
{
"text": "pine nut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 508,
"end": 516
},
{
"text": "pine nut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 834,
"end": 842
},
{
"text": "potato",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1202,
"end": 1208
},
{
"text": "carrot",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1307,
"end": 1313
},
{
"text": "hazelnut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1341,
"end": 1349
},
{
"text": "walnut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1330,
"end": 1336
},
{
"text": "nut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1325,
"end": 1328
},
{
"text": "pine nut",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1320,
"end": 1328
}
] | en |
A 14-year-old male with a history of intrinsic asthma and atopic dermatitis, with no epidemiological history of interest. He came to the emergency department for progressive asthenia of 8 months and fever of up to 38oC for 7 days with intense night sweats. The anamnesis included retrosternal pain radiating to the right hypochondrium, also progressive, of 5 months' evolution. No weight loss or infectious focality. Examination revealed fever of 38oC, tachypnoea at 28 breaths per minute and hepatomegaly of 3cm. No other findings.
Initial complementary tests (PPCC) included progressive anaemia in the last month (haemoglobin 8.7mg/dL), leukocytosis (17,100/microL) with normal formula and thrombocytosis (961,000microL), elevated C-reactive protein (131.86mg/L) and altered coagulation (INR 1.5). The rest of the basic laboratory tests showed no findings, including renal function, ionogram, liver, iron and anaemia profiles. Chest X-ray showed a 4x5cm mass in the middle lobe, blurring the cardiac silhouette already present in projections 5 months earlier. He was admitted to Internal Medicine and a differential diagnosis was established between lymphoma, solid neoplasm and infectious cause. The PPCC battery was extended with immunoglobulins with fraction G (IgG) 1754mg/dL, with polyclonal gammaglobulinaemia in the proteinogram and a weakly positive Coombs test. Serology (including borrelia, chlamydia, coxiella, mycoplasma, ricketssia, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, HIV, Ebstein-Barr and hepatitis) and IGRA for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the presence of moderate pericardial effusion and a 2.5x7x7cm diaphragm-dependent mass suggestive of infectious or inflammatory aetiology. Positron emission tomography (PET-CT) suggestive of mediastinal lymphoma with pericardial infiltration.
At this point, the possibility of IgG4 disease is suspected, with IgG G4 fraction above range (>154mg/dL) and biopsy of the mass showing a CD20-positive lymphoid infiltrate with 50% IgG4-positive plasma cells. The patient was treated with prednisone 0.5mg/kg/day with excellent clinical evolution, complete resolution of haemocyte alterations at two weeks and complete disappearance of the hypercapturing paradiaphragmatic mass at four months on control PET-CT scan. The definitive diagnosis was IgG4 disease with pericardial and pulmonary involvement.
| [
"A",
"14-year-old",
"male",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"intrinsic",
"asthma",
"and",
"atopic",
"dermatitis",
",",
"with",
"no",
"epidemiological",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"He",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"progressive",
"asthenia",
"of",
"8",
"months",
"and",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"38oC",
"for",
"7",
"days",
"with",
"intense",
"night",
"sweats",
".",
"The",
"anamnesis",
"included",
"retrosternal",
"pain",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"hypochondrium",
",",
"also",
"progressive",
",",
"of",
"5",
"months",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"No",
"weight",
"loss",
"or",
"infectious",
"focality",
".",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"fever",
"of",
"38oC",
",",
"tachypnoea",
"at",
"28",
"breaths",
"per",
"minute",
"and",
"hepatomegaly",
"of",
"3cm",
".",
"No",
"other",
"findings",
".",
"Initial",
"complementary",
"tests",
"(",
"PPCC",
")",
"included",
"progressive",
"anaemia",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"month",
"(",
"haemoglobin",
"8",
".",
"7mg",
"/",
"dL",
")",
",",
"leukocytosis",
"(",
"17",
",",
"100",
"/",
"microL",
")",
"with",
"normal",
"formula",
"and",
"thrombocytosis",
"(",
"961",
",",
"000microL",
")",
",",
"elevated",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"131",
".",
"86mg",
"/",
"L",
")",
"and",
"altered",
"coagulation",
"(",
"INR",
"1",
".",
"5",
")",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"basic",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"no",
"findings",
",",
"including",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"ionogram",
",",
"liver",
",",
"iron",
"and",
"anaemia",
"profiles",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"a",
"4x5cm",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"lobe",
",",
"blurring",
"the",
"cardiac",
"silhouette",
"already",
"present",
"in",
"projections",
"5",
"months",
"earlier",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"and",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"established",
"between",
"lymphoma",
",",
"solid",
"neoplasm",
"and",
"infectious",
"cause",
".",
"The",
"PPCC",
"battery",
"was",
"extended",
"with",
"immunoglobulins",
"with",
"fraction",
"G",
"(",
"IgG",
")",
"1754mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"with",
"polyclonal",
"gammaglobulinaemia",
"in",
"the",
"proteinogram",
"and",
"a",
"weakly",
"positive",
"Coombs",
"test",
".",
"Serology",
"(",
"including",
"borrelia",
",",
"chlamydia",
",",
"coxiella",
",",
"mycoplasma",
",",
"ricketssia",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
",",
"parvovirus",
"B19",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"Ebstein-Barr",
"and",
"hepatitis",
")",
"and",
"IGRA",
"for",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"and",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"confirmed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"moderate",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"and",
"a",
"2",
".",
"5x7x7cm",
"diaphragm-dependent",
"mass",
"suggestive",
"of",
"infectious",
"or",
"inflammatory",
"aetiology",
".",
"Positron",
"emission",
"tomography",
"(",
"PET-CT",
")",
"suggestive",
"of",
"mediastinal",
"lymphoma",
"with",
"pericardial",
"infiltration",
".",
"At",
"this",
"point",
",",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"IgG4",
"disease",
"is",
"suspected",
",",
"with",
"IgG",
"G4",
"fraction",
"above",
"range",
"(",
">",
"154mg",
"/",
"dL",
")",
"and",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
"showing",
"a",
"CD20-positive",
"lymphoid",
"infiltrate",
"with",
"50",
"%",
"IgG4-positive",
"plasma",
"cells",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"prednisone",
"0",
".",
"5mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
"with",
"excellent",
"clinical",
"evolution",
",",
"complete",
"resolution",
"of",
"haemocyte",
"alterations",
"at",
"two",
"weeks",
"and",
"complete",
"disappearance",
"of",
"the",
"hypercapturing",
"paradiaphragmatic",
"mass",
"at",
"four",
"months",
"on",
"control",
"PET-CT",
"scan",
".",
"The",
"definitive",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"IgG4",
"disease",
"with",
"pericardial",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"involvement",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1527,
"end": 1553
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1481,
"end": 1484
},
{
"text": "borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1393,
"end": 1401
},
{
"text": "chlamydia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1403,
"end": 1412
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1448,
"end": 1463
},
{
"text": "coxiella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1414,
"end": 1422
},
{
"text": "hepatitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1503,
"end": 1512
},
{
"text": "mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1424,
"end": 1434
},
{
"text": "parvovirus B19",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1465,
"end": 1479
},
{
"text": "ricketssia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1436,
"end": 1446
},
{
"text": "Ebstein-Barr",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1486,
"end": 1498
}
] | en |
A 59-year-old man with a history of psoriasis, on treatment with topical Betamethasone with no known drug allergies, smoker, who works as a farmer. The patient reports that he has been bitten by ticks on his legs on a few occasions. Ten years ago, in the context of a tick bite, he had an episode of fever and general malaise, but does not recall atypical skin lesions other than those typical of psoriasis. Since then, she reported clinical manifestations of left facial paralysis. Follow-up ophthalmology consultations due to sudden loss of visual acuity in the right eye since the end of April led to a diagnosis of posterior uveitis, treated with prednisone 30 mg and topical dexamethasone.
Ophthalmology referred the patient to Internal Medicine for further investigation. The differential diagnosis of unilateral posterior uveitis is broad, initially ruling out the possibility of an infectious aetiology, fundamentally syphilis, TB, Herpes, Toxoplasmosis or secondary systemic autoimmune diseases (SLE, sarcoidosis, etc.), for which reason the following complementary tests were requested:
- Haemogram: Hb12.3, leucocytes 10.77 with 74% neutrophils, platelets 400,000 - Biochemistry: creatinine 0.8, PCR 9.2.
- Mantoux negative
- Chest X-ray: bilateral interstitial infiltrate.
- ECG: in sinus rhythm, with systolic overload.
- RCT, C3 and C4 normal, RF 7.6 IU/ml, HLAB27, ANCA and ANA negative.
- Serology: IgG+ for toxoplasma and a very positive IgG+ result for Borrelia Burgdorferi which was later confirmed by Western Blot test at the reference microbiological centre.
During her admission, a cranial MRI was performed, which showed no CNS lesions and lumbar puncture, extracting 3 cc of clear CSF whose biochemical analysis showed pleocytosis of 92.5 mg/dl and positive IgG serology for Borrelia Burgdorferi, confirming the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis with involvement of the VII pair and associated uveitis. He was treated for 28 days, 2 weeks with intravenous Ceftriaxone 2g and 2 weeks with oral Doxycycline (100 mg / 12h).
It should be remembered that the most frequent manifestation of Lyme disease in our environment is facial paralysis, erythema chronicum migrans and painful meningoradiculitis, with posterior uveitis being uncommon.
| [
"A",
"59-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"psoriasis",
",",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"topical",
"Betamethasone",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"smoker",
",",
"who",
"works",
"as",
"a",
"farmer",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reports",
"that",
"he",
"has",
"been",
"bitten",
"by",
"ticks",
"on",
"his",
"legs",
"on",
"a",
"few",
"occasions",
".",
"Ten",
"years",
"ago",
",",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"a",
"tick",
"bite",
",",
"he",
"had",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"fever",
"and",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"but",
"does",
"not",
"recall",
"atypical",
"skin",
"lesions",
"other",
"than",
"those",
"typical",
"of",
"psoriasis",
".",
"Since",
"then",
",",
"she",
"reported",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"of",
"left",
"facial",
"paralysis",
".",
"Follow-up",
"ophthalmology",
"consultations",
"due",
"to",
"sudden",
"loss",
"of",
"visual",
"acuity",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"April",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"posterior",
"uveitis",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"prednisone",
"30",
"mg",
"and",
"topical",
"dexamethasone",
".",
"Ophthalmology",
"referred",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"for",
"further",
"investigation",
".",
"The",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"unilateral",
"posterior",
"uveitis",
"is",
"broad",
",",
"initially",
"ruling",
"out",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"an",
"infectious",
"aetiology",
",",
"fundamentally",
"syphilis",
",",
"TB",
",",
"Herpes",
",",
"Toxoplasmosis",
"or",
"secondary",
"systemic",
"autoimmune",
"diseases",
"(",
"SLE",
",",
"sarcoidosis",
",",
"etc",
".",
")",
",",
"for",
"which",
"reason",
"the",
"following",
"complementary",
"tests",
"were",
"requested",
":",
"-",
"Haemogram",
":",
"Hb12",
".",
"3",
",",
"leucocytes",
"10",
".",
"77",
"with",
"74",
"%",
"neutrophils",
",",
"platelets",
"400",
",",
"000",
"-",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"8",
",",
"PCR",
"9",
".",
"2",
".",
"-",
"Mantoux",
"negative",
"-",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"bilateral",
"interstitial",
"infiltrate",
".",
"-",
"ECG",
":",
"in",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
",",
"with",
"systolic",
"overload",
".",
"-",
"RCT",
",",
"C3",
"and",
"C4",
"normal",
",",
"RF",
"7",
".",
"6",
"IU",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"HLAB27",
",",
"ANCA",
"and",
"ANA",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Serology",
":",
"IgG",
"+",
"for",
"toxoplasma",
"and",
"a",
"very",
"positive",
"IgG",
"+",
"result",
"for",
"Borrelia",
"Burgdorferi",
"which",
"was",
"later",
"confirmed",
"by",
"Western",
"Blot",
"test",
"at",
"the",
"reference",
"microbiological",
"centre",
".",
"During",
"her",
"admission",
",",
"a",
"cranial",
"MRI",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"CNS",
"lesions",
"and",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
",",
"extracting",
"3",
"cc",
"of",
"clear",
"CSF",
"whose",
"biochemical",
"analysis",
"showed",
"pleocytosis",
"of",
"92",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"positive",
"IgG",
"serology",
"for",
"Borrelia",
"Burgdorferi",
",",
"confirming",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"Lyme",
"neuroborreliosis",
"with",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"VII",
"pair",
"and",
"associated",
"uveitis",
".",
"He",
"was",
"treated",
"for",
"28",
"days",
",",
"2",
"weeks",
"with",
"intravenous",
"Ceftriaxone",
"2g",
"and",
"2",
"weeks",
"with",
"oral",
"Doxycycline",
"(",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"12h",
")",
".",
"It",
"should",
"be",
"remembered",
"that",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"manifestation",
"of",
"Lyme",
"disease",
"in",
"our",
"environment",
"is",
"facial",
"paralysis",
",",
"erythema",
"chronicum",
"migrans",
"and",
"painful",
"meningoradiculitis",
",",
"with",
"posterior",
"uveitis",
"being",
"uncommon",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "farmer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 140,
"end": 146
},
{
"text": "ticks",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 195,
"end": 200
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 152,
"end": 159
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 722,
"end": 729
},
{
"text": "Borrelia Burgdorferi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1471,
"end": 1491
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1424,
"end": 1434
},
{
"text": "Borrelia Burgdorferi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1799,
"end": 1819
}
] | en |
We describe the clinical case of a 9-year-old male schoolboy who attended the health centre of Santa Lucia, Municipality of Itamarandiba, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, presenting with a clinical picture of 3 days' evolution characterised by the appearance of initially painful and pruritic lesions on the abdomen, which radiated unilaterally to the back. During the interrogation, the mother denied any family history of herpes infection and could not remember if the patient had previously suffered from chickenpox; in addition, he did not have an up-to-date vaccination schedule.
On physical examination, the patient was in good general condition, afebrile, although underweight and short for his age; he presented with pain described as throbbing and burning. The dermatological examination revealed multiple vesicles grouped in the shape of a cluster of grapes on an erythematous background that followed a dermatome pattern, located on the left side of the abdomen and radiating to the lumbar region. Based on these clinical findings, a diagnosis of herpes zoster was made and treatment was started with oral acyclovir at a dose of 20 mg/kg every 8 hours for 7 days, after which the lesions and associated symptoms disappeared.
Later, at the follow-up visit, only brownish macules indicative of hyperpigmentation following the inflammatory process were observed.
The pain disappeared on the fifth day, the lesions dried completely and after 15 days the scabs fell off without leaving sequelae. Weekly check-ups were carried out for one month and the patient had no post-infection pain.
The patient was followed up for 3 months, with no new lesions suggestive of herpes.
Diagnosis
Infantile HZ
Dermatological examination revealed multiple vesicles grouped in the shape of a cluster of grapes on an erythematous background, located on the left side of the abdomen and spreading to the lumbar region, for which herpes zoster was diagnosed. He was given appropriate treatment and the lesions and associated symptoms disappeared.
The main risk factor for childhood HZ is immunosuppression, and maternal varicella during the second trimester of pregnancy or this disease during the child's first year of life.
| [
"We",
"describe",
"the",
"clinical",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"9-year-old",
"male",
"schoolboy",
"who",
"attended",
"the",
"health",
"centre",
"of",
"Santa",
"Lucia",
",",
"Municipality",
"of",
"Itamarandiba",
",",
"in",
"the",
"Brazilian",
"state",
"of",
"Minas",
"Gerais",
",",
"presenting",
"with",
"a",
"clinical",
"picture",
"of",
"3",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
"characterised",
"by",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"initially",
"painful",
"and",
"pruritic",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"abdomen",
",",
"which",
"radiated",
"unilaterally",
"to",
"the",
"back",
".",
"During",
"the",
"interrogation",
",",
"the",
"mother",
"denied",
"any",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"herpes",
"infection",
"and",
"could",
"not",
"remember",
"if",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"previously",
"suffered",
"from",
"chickenpox",
";",
"in",
"addition",
",",
"he",
"did",
"not",
"have",
"an",
"up-to-date",
"vaccination",
"schedule",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"afebrile",
",",
"although",
"underweight",
"and",
"short",
"for",
"his",
"age",
";",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"pain",
"described",
"as",
"throbbing",
"and",
"burning",
".",
"The",
"dermatological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"multiple",
"vesicles",
"grouped",
"in",
"the",
"shape",
"of",
"a",
"cluster",
"of",
"grapes",
"on",
"an",
"erythematous",
"background",
"that",
"followed",
"a",
"dermatome",
"pattern",
",",
"located",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"side",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"and",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"lumbar",
"region",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"these",
"clinical",
"findings",
",",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"herpes",
"zoster",
"was",
"made",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"oral",
"acyclovir",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"for",
"7",
"days",
",",
"after",
"which",
"the",
"lesions",
"and",
"associated",
"symptoms",
"disappeared",
".",
"Later",
",",
"at",
"the",
"follow-up",
"visit",
",",
"only",
"brownish",
"macules",
"indicative",
"of",
"hyperpigmentation",
"following",
"the",
"inflammatory",
"process",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"The",
"pain",
"disappeared",
"on",
"the",
"fifth",
"day",
",",
"the",
"lesions",
"dried",
"completely",
"and",
"after",
"15",
"days",
"the",
"scabs",
"fell",
"off",
"without",
"leaving",
"sequelae",
".",
"Weekly",
"check-ups",
"were",
"carried",
"out",
"for",
"one",
"month",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"post-infection",
"pain",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"followed",
"up",
"for",
"3",
"months",
",",
"with",
"no",
"new",
"lesions",
"suggestive",
"of",
"herpes",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Infantile",
"HZ",
"Dermatological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"multiple",
"vesicles",
"grouped",
"in",
"the",
"shape",
"of",
"a",
"cluster",
"of",
"grapes",
"on",
"an",
"erythematous",
"background",
",",
"located",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"side",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"and",
"spreading",
"to",
"the",
"lumbar",
"region",
",",
"for",
"which",
"herpes",
"zoster",
"was",
"diagnosed",
".",
"He",
"was",
"given",
"appropriate",
"treatment",
"and",
"the",
"lesions",
"and",
"associated",
"symptoms",
"disappeared",
".",
"The",
"main",
"risk",
"factor",
"for",
"childhood",
"HZ",
"is",
"immunosuppression",
",",
"and",
"maternal",
"varicella",
"during",
"the",
"second",
"trimester",
"of",
"pregnancy",
"or",
"this",
"disease",
"during",
"the",
"child",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"year",
"of",
"life",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 413,
"end": 419
},
{
"text": "herpes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 431,
"end": 437
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 395,
"end": 401
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 46,
"end": 50
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 478,
"end": 485
},
{
"text": "vaccination",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 570,
"end": 581
},
{
"text": "herpes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1066,
"end": 1072
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 622,
"end": 629
},
{
"text": "grapes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 869,
"end": 875
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1568,
"end": 1575
},
{
"text": "herpes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1681,
"end": 1687
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1609,
"end": 1616
},
{
"text": "herpes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1930,
"end": 1936
},
{
"text": "grapes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1806,
"end": 1812
},
{
"text": "child",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2199,
"end": 2204
}
] | en |
A 60-year-old male patient with a Björk-Shilley type mitral metal prosthesis and tricuspid annuloplasty 20 years earlier due to rheumatic valve disease, chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF), AHT, congestive heart failure (CHF) with a NYHA Functional Grade I/IV. He was receiving treatment with acenocoumarol. He was admitted to our department due to fever, chills, and worsening of his usual dyspnoea, with the appearance of orthopnoea and oedema in the lower limbs. The clinical examination was compatible with CHF (jugular veins ingurgitated, arrhythmic pulse at 100 bpm, gallop rhythm, bilateral basal pulmonary crackles, hepatomegaly of 2 crossings with positive hepatojugular reflex and pretibial oedema with fovea in MMII). Blood tests showed haemoglobin 12.4 g/L, leukocytes 17,810/ml, with 87% neutrophils, the rest of the usual parameters being within the normal range. Chest X-ray showed signs of CHF. Serial blood cultures were performed in which Neisseria Sicca was persistently isolated, so treatment was started with intravenous Penicillin G sodium 24 million units in continuous perfusion and Gentamicin 80 mg I.V. every 8 hours (first 2 weeks), and the patient was afebrile on the third day of starting treatment. During admission, reddish, painful lesions appeared on the fingertips of both hands compatible with vasculitic phenomena, and a diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis (IE) was made according to Durack's clinical criteria (4). Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) and Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) showed a normofunctioning mitral prosthesis and absence of vegetations. On the 9th day of treatment, the patient presented an abrupt episode of loss of strength in the left hemibody, and a cranial CT scan showed 3 hyperdense images at the temporal-parietal and occipital levels of both hemispheres compatible with haemorrhagic foci. At that time, the NRI was 2.45, in spite of which anticoagulation was suspended. Four days later, and after stabilisation of the patient, it was decided to restart anticoagulation with iv sodium heparin, completing 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment and heparin. In the follow-up CT scan of the brain after treatment, the occipitoparietal haematoma persisted, the other haemorrhagic foci having disappeared. Given these findings and the possibility of rebleeding, the patient was discharged with bemiparin 10,000 I.U. subcutaneously once a day for 3 months, after which a new echocardiographic study and cranial CT scan were performed, which showed the normality of the mitral valve and the practical resolution of the cerebral haematoma, so oral anticoagulation with acenocoumarol was started again, and three months later he was found to be asymptomatic.
| [
"A",
"60-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"Björk-Shilley",
"type",
"mitral",
"metal",
"prosthesis",
"and",
"tricuspid",
"annuloplasty",
"20",
"years",
"earlier",
"due",
"to",
"rheumatic",
"valve",
"disease",
",",
"chronic",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
"(",
"CAF",
")",
",",
"AHT",
",",
"congestive",
"heart",
"failure",
"(",
"CHF",
")",
"with",
"a",
"NYHA",
"Functional",
"Grade",
"I",
"/",
"IV",
".",
"He",
"was",
"receiving",
"treatment",
"with",
"acenocoumarol",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"our",
"department",
"due",
"to",
"fever",
",",
"chills",
",",
"and",
"worsening",
"of",
"his",
"usual",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"orthopnoea",
"and",
"oedema",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"examination",
"was",
"compatible",
"with",
"CHF",
"(",
"jugular",
"veins",
"ingurgitated",
",",
"arrhythmic",
"pulse",
"at",
"100",
"bpm",
",",
"gallop",
"rhythm",
",",
"bilateral",
"basal",
"pulmonary",
"crackles",
",",
"hepatomegaly",
"of",
"2",
"crossings",
"with",
"positive",
"hepatojugular",
"reflex",
"and",
"pretibial",
"oedema",
"with",
"fovea",
"in",
"MMII",
")",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"haemoglobin",
"12",
".",
"4",
"g",
"/",
"L",
",",
"leukocytes",
"17",
",",
"810",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"with",
"87",
"%",
"neutrophils",
",",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"usual",
"parameters",
"being",
"within",
"the",
"normal",
"range",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"signs",
"of",
"CHF",
".",
"Serial",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"performed",
"in",
"which",
"Neisseria",
"Sicca",
"was",
"persistently",
"isolated",
",",
"so",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"intravenous",
"Penicillin",
"G",
"sodium",
"24",
"million",
"units",
"in",
"continuous",
"perfusion",
"and",
"Gentamicin",
"80",
"mg",
"I",
".",
"V",
".",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"(",
"first",
"2",
"weeks",
")",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"afebrile",
"on",
"the",
"third",
"day",
"of",
"starting",
"treatment",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"reddish",
",",
"painful",
"lesions",
"appeared",
"on",
"the",
"fingertips",
"of",
"both",
"hands",
"compatible",
"with",
"vasculitic",
"phenomena",
",",
"and",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"Infective",
"Endocarditis",
"(",
"IE",
")",
"was",
"made",
"according",
"to",
"Durack",
"'",
"s",
"clinical",
"criteria",
"(",
"4",
")",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"Echocardiography",
"(",
"TTE",
")",
"and",
"Transesophageal",
"Echocardiography",
"(",
"TEE",
")",
"showed",
"a",
"normofunctioning",
"mitral",
"prosthesis",
"and",
"absence",
"of",
"vegetations",
".",
"On",
"the",
"9th",
"day",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"an",
"abrupt",
"episode",
"of",
"loss",
"of",
"strength",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hemibody",
",",
"and",
"a",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"3",
"hyperdense",
"images",
"at",
"the",
"temporal-parietal",
"and",
"occipital",
"levels",
"of",
"both",
"hemispheres",
"compatible",
"with",
"haemorrhagic",
"foci",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
",",
"the",
"NRI",
"was",
"2",
".",
"45",
",",
"in",
"spite",
"of",
"which",
"anticoagulation",
"was",
"suspended",
".",
"Four",
"days",
"later",
",",
"and",
"after",
"stabilisation",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"restart",
"anticoagulation",
"with",
"iv",
"sodium",
"heparin",
",",
"completing",
"6",
"weeks",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"and",
"heparin",
".",
"In",
"the",
"follow-up",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
"after",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"occipitoparietal",
"haematoma",
"persisted",
",",
"the",
"other",
"haemorrhagic",
"foci",
"having",
"disappeared",
".",
"Given",
"these",
"findings",
"and",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"rebleeding",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"bemiparin",
"10",
",",
"000",
"I",
".",
"U",
".",
"subcutaneously",
"once",
"a",
"day",
"for",
"3",
"months",
",",
"after",
"which",
"a",
"new",
"echocardiographic",
"study",
"and",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"the",
"normality",
"of",
"the",
"mitral",
"valve",
"and",
"the",
"practical",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"cerebral",
"haematoma",
",",
"so",
"oral",
"anticoagulation",
"with",
"acenocoumarol",
"was",
"started",
"again",
",",
"and",
"three",
"months",
"later",
"he",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"asymptomatic",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1166,
"end": 1173
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1635,
"end": 1642
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1992,
"end": 1999
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2328,
"end": 2335
},
{
"text": "Neisseria Sicca",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 955,
"end": 970
}
] | en |
23-year-old woman, with no known drug allergies and no toxic habits. The patient had no personal or family medical history of interest and was not taking any medication on a regular basis. She consulted for three lesions on the dorsum of the left hand and one lesion on the border of the right hand. The lesions were circular and ulcerated, approximately three centimetres in diameter. In addition, he had multiple subcutaneous nodules all over the left arm. He reported no fever or other symptoms.
In the anamnesis, the patient referred to a recent trip to Colombia during which he had travelled both in the north and south of the country, returning to Spain three weeks before the examination, and during the trip he had suffered mosquito bites in the areas of the lesions. After an initial assessment in the emergency department, the patient had been treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, as it was diagnosed as a bacterial superinfection of insect bites, with some improvement of the lesions, which she had scratched.
On examination, cardiorespiratory auscultation was normal, as was abdominal palpation and the rest of the systemic examination. Blood tests showed normal haemogram, ESR 14 mm/h, glucose 81 mg/dl, normal renal and hepatic function, CRP 5.63 mg/dl and negative serology for HBV, HCV and HIV. Urinalysis was normal. In view of the dermatological lesions and the absence of systemic symptoms, a differential diagnosis of multiple nodular ulcerative lesions related to insect bites, which could be from the country of origin, was considered.
Differential diagnosis
The diagnostic clues pointing to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are: chronicity, location of lesions in exposed areas, clustering of lesions, orientation of lesions along dermal ridges, inflammatory satellite papules, subcutaneous induration, well-defined ulcerations with indurated borders, subcutaneous nodules. With the eminently clinical and epidemiological diagnosis of probable cutaneous leishmaniasis, versus less probable atypical mycobacteriosis, a skin biopsy was performed and treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid until the results of the biopsy. One week later, the lesions persisted after amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ecthyma gangrenosum was included in the differential diagnosis. Doxycycline was prescribed. The biopsy report revealed LC. Treatment was started with paramomycin and a PCR was performed to identify Leishmania sp.
Final diagnosis
Localised cutaneous leishmaniasis with evidence of risk of progression to mucosal and systemic leishmaniasis.
Evolution
Given the lack of response to topical treatment and the criteria of high risk of mucosal-systemic involvement (country of origin, number of lesions, size, location...), parenteral treatment was decided instead of intralesional treatment, specifically glucantime (meglumine antimoniate), with a dosage of 20 mg/kg/d im for 20 days, after a gestation test which was negative (to be confirmed given the teratogenicity of antimonials). At the same time, given the possibility of superinfection, cloxacillin was prescribed for 10 days, followed by treatment with betadine and topical mupirocin. An evaluation by Otolaryngology showed no pharyngeal, laryngeal or nasal involvement. The administration of glucantime was monitored by means of an electrocardiogram, haemogram, renal function, liver function, amylase and lipase, in view of the possibility of possible secondary effects. After several weeks of treatment, the species was identified as Leishmania donovani complex, detected by PCR and sequencing. After 21 days of treatment, the patient showed a good evolution of the skin lesions. Eight weeks after the end of glucantime treatment, the lesions worsened, with a new elevation of the lesion border, even increasing in size compared to the initial lesions, with inflammatory signs, but without lymphangitis. Given the failure of glucantime, treatment with liposomal amphotericin B at a dose of 3 mg/kg/d was started. With the first infusion of liposomal amphotericin B, he developed a severe anaphylactic reaction and treatment was discontinued. At that time, treatment with oral miltefosine 150 mg/24 hours for 4 weeks was decided. The patient progressed well with this line, to which cryotherapy was added. The patient has not presented new activity data after a follow-up of more than 3 months and the control biopsy performed at the end of the treatment is negative.
| [
"23-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
"and",
"no",
"toxic",
"habits",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"personal",
"or",
"family",
"medical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"and",
"was",
"not",
"taking",
"any",
"medication",
"on",
"a",
"regular",
"basis",
".",
"She",
"consulted",
"for",
"three",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"dorsum",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"hand",
"and",
"one",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"border",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
".",
"The",
"lesions",
"were",
"circular",
"and",
"ulcerated",
",",
"approximately",
"three",
"centimetres",
"in",
"diameter",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"he",
"had",
"multiple",
"subcutaneous",
"nodules",
"all",
"over",
"the",
"left",
"arm",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"no",
"fever",
"or",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"In",
"the",
"anamnesis",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"referred",
"to",
"a",
"recent",
"trip",
"to",
"Colombia",
"during",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"travelled",
"both",
"in",
"the",
"north",
"and",
"south",
"of",
"the",
"country",
",",
"returning",
"to",
"Spain",
"three",
"weeks",
"before",
"the",
"examination",
",",
"and",
"during",
"the",
"trip",
"he",
"had",
"suffered",
"mosquito",
"bites",
"in",
"the",
"areas",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
".",
"After",
"an",
"initial",
"assessment",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
",",
"as",
"it",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"as",
"a",
"bacterial",
"superinfection",
"of",
"insect",
"bites",
",",
"with",
"some",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
",",
"which",
"she",
"had",
"scratched",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"cardiorespiratory",
"auscultation",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"as",
"was",
"abdominal",
"palpation",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"systemic",
"examination",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"normal",
"haemogram",
",",
"ESR",
"14",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
",",
"glucose",
"81",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"normal",
"renal",
"and",
"hepatic",
"function",
",",
"CRP",
"5",
".",
"63",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"negative",
"serology",
"for",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
"and",
"HIV",
".",
"Urinalysis",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"dermatological",
"lesions",
"and",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
",",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"multiple",
"nodular",
"ulcerative",
"lesions",
"related",
"to",
"insect",
"bites",
",",
"which",
"could",
"be",
"from",
"the",
"country",
"of",
"origin",
",",
"was",
"considered",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"diagnostic",
"clues",
"pointing",
"to",
"cutaneous",
"leishmaniasis",
"(",
"CL",
")",
"are",
":",
"chronicity",
",",
"location",
"of",
"lesions",
"in",
"exposed",
"areas",
",",
"clustering",
"of",
"lesions",
",",
"orientation",
"of",
"lesions",
"along",
"dermal",
"ridges",
",",
"inflammatory",
"satellite",
"papules",
",",
"subcutaneous",
"induration",
",",
"well-defined",
"ulcerations",
"with",
"indurated",
"borders",
",",
"subcutaneous",
"nodules",
".",
"With",
"the",
"eminently",
"clinical",
"and",
"epidemiological",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"probable",
"cutaneous",
"leishmaniasis",
",",
"versus",
"less",
"probable",
"atypical",
"mycobacteriosis",
",",
"a",
"skin",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"until",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"biopsy",
".",
"One",
"week",
"later",
",",
"the",
"lesions",
"persisted",
"after",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
",",
"and",
"ecthyma",
"gangrenosum",
"was",
"included",
"in",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Doxycycline",
"was",
"prescribed",
".",
"The",
"biopsy",
"report",
"revealed",
"LC",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"paramomycin",
"and",
"a",
"PCR",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"identify",
"Leishmania",
"sp",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Localised",
"cutaneous",
"leishmaniasis",
"with",
"evidence",
"of",
"risk",
"of",
"progression",
"to",
"mucosal",
"and",
"systemic",
"leishmaniasis",
".",
"Evolution",
"Given",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"response",
"to",
"topical",
"treatment",
"and",
"the",
"criteria",
"of",
"high",
"risk",
"of",
"mucosal-systemic",
"involvement",
"(",
"country",
"of",
"origin",
",",
"number",
"of",
"lesions",
",",
"size",
",",
"location",
".",
".",
".",
")",
",",
"parenteral",
"treatment",
"was",
"decided",
"instead",
"of",
"intralesional",
"treatment",
",",
"specifically",
"glucantime",
"(",
"meglumine",
"antimoniate",
")",
",",
"with",
"a",
"dosage",
"of",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"d",
"im",
"for",
"20",
"days",
",",
"after",
"a",
"gestation",
"test",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
"(",
"to",
"be",
"confirmed",
"given",
"the",
"teratogenicity",
"of",
"antimonials",
")",
".",
"At",
"the",
"same",
"time",
",",
"given",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"superinfection",
",",
"cloxacillin",
"was",
"prescribed",
"for",
"10",
"days",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"treatment",
"with",
"betadine",
"and",
"topical",
"mupirocin",
".",
"An",
"evaluation",
"by",
"Otolaryngology",
"showed",
"no",
"pharyngeal",
",",
"laryngeal",
"or",
"nasal",
"involvement",
".",
"The",
"administration",
"of",
"glucantime",
"was",
"monitored",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"an",
"electrocardiogram",
",",
"haemogram",
",",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"liver",
"function",
",",
"amylase",
"and",
"lipase",
",",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"possible",
"secondary",
"effects",
".",
"After",
"several",
"weeks",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"species",
"was",
"identified",
"as",
"Leishmania",
"donovani",
"complex",
",",
"detected",
"by",
"PCR",
"and",
"sequencing",
".",
"After",
"21",
"days",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"showed",
"a",
"good",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"skin",
"lesions",
".",
"Eight",
"weeks",
"after",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"glucantime",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"lesions",
"worsened",
",",
"with",
"a",
"new",
"elevation",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"border",
",",
"even",
"increasing",
"in",
"size",
"compared",
"to",
"the",
"initial",
"lesions",
",",
"with",
"inflammatory",
"signs",
",",
"but",
"without",
"lymphangitis",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"failure",
"of",
"glucantime",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"liposomal",
"amphotericin",
"B",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"d",
"was",
"started",
".",
"With",
"the",
"first",
"infusion",
"of",
"liposomal",
"amphotericin",
"B",
",",
"he",
"developed",
"a",
"severe",
"anaphylactic",
"reaction",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"discontinued",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"miltefosine",
"150",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"hours",
"for",
"4",
"weeks",
"was",
"decided",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"progressed",
"well",
"with",
"this",
"line",
",",
"to",
"which",
"cryotherapy",
"was",
"added",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"has",
"not",
"presented",
"new",
"activity",
"data",
"after",
"a",
"follow-up",
"of",
"more",
"than",
"3",
"months",
"and",
"the",
"control",
"biopsy",
"performed",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"treatment",
"is",
"negative",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 100,
"end": 106
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 73,
"end": 80
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 88,
"end": 96
},
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 949,
"end": 955
},
{
"text": "mosquito",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 732,
"end": 740
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 521,
"end": 528
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 837,
"end": 844
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 921,
"end": 930
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1298,
"end": 1301
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1303,
"end": 1306
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1311,
"end": 1314
},
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1490,
"end": 1496
},
{
"text": "Leishmania sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2425,
"end": 2438
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3494,
"end": 3501
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3613,
"end": 3620
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4219,
"end": 4226
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4295,
"end": 4302
},
{
"text": "Leishmania donovani complex",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3520,
"end": 3547
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 15-year-old male patient with a personal history of Prune Belly syndrome with permeable urachus and renal transplant of 12 years of evolution, with no known drug allergies.
In the current episode, the patient came to the emergency department for recurrent pain of colic characteristics in the left hemiabdomen that had been present for years.
After birth, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral renal dysplasia, large bladder and paraurethral diverticulum. In his first week of life he developed grade IV renal insufficiency and progressively developed obstructive uropathy due to type II posterior urethral valves and urethral stricture.
At two years of age, he was put on peritoneal dialysis and six months later on haemodialysis. A year later, a right kidney was implanted from an adult cadaver donor, by means of a Woodruff type neoureterocystostomy. Since then he has been on intermittent catheterisation for the permeable urachus and immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus.
At five years of age, he underwent a right nephroureterectomy of the native kidney due to several episodes of pyelonephritis and severe hydronephrosis of the ectopic ureter, which led to acute graft dysfunction on one occasion. Four years later he was diagnosed with bladder lithiasis, resolved by endoscopic lithotripsy.
Several years later, he started with repeated urinary tract infections and recurrent pain in the left iliac fossa, in addition to a slow and progressive deterioration of renal function to creatinine levels of 4.78 mg/dl and a glomerular filtration rate of 25 ml/min/1.73 m2, prior to his last admission.
Physical examination
On admission, the patient weighed 47 kg, had a height of 155 cm, blood pressure 140/90 mmHg and was afebrile. His abdomen was soft and depressible, with known hypotonia and pain on palpation in the left hemiabdomen, with no signs of peritoneal irritation.
Complementary tests
- On admission, a blood test was performed, with values such as 5.5 mg/dl creatinine, 9.88 mg/dl calcium, 49.3 CRP and 16.12 x 109/l leucocytes. A urine culture was positive for Escherichia coli (100,000 CFU/ml).
- An abdominal ultrasound was performed, in which the renal graft was observed with mild pyelic ectasia, good vascularisation and normal resistance index, as well as distal right ureter distended with three stones inside.
- Following these findings, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan was performed without contrast, with similar results. Finally, an opaque enema was performed, showing a stop in the proximal region of the sigma in relation to a lower intestinal obstruction.
Diagnosis
After the complementary tests carried out, the patient was diagnosed with:
- Intestinal obstruction.
- Ureteral lithiasis of the renal graft.
- Grade IV chronic renal insufficiency.
Treatment
On admission, the patient was treated with intravenous antibiotherapy (imipenem) and immunosuppressant treatment was withdrawn. On the sixth day of admission he underwent surgery. A median laparotomy was performed, observing great distension of the intestinal loops, which were decompressed until a flange was observed at the level of the descending colon, which was released. Intestinal de-rotation is also performed at this level.
After resolving the digestive problem, a large bladder is observed. After opening the anterior aspect of the bladder, the right ureteral meatus was observed, which excreted abundant urine, but on attempting to catheterise it, a proximal stop appeared that could only be overcome with a Teflon guidewire. It was decided to perform a meatotomy, after which the stenosis that produced the stop was released and the ureter catheterised. After this, the distal ureter is freed, observing the imprint of the lithiasis just before the intramural course of the ureter. The larger stone (1.5 cm) is removed by performing a ureterotomy, and other smaller, more proximal stones are removed using a 4 F Fogarty® catheter.
Finally, a double J ureteral catheter and a ureteral tutor are placed and removed by counter-incision, as well as a bladder catheter through the permeable urachus.
Evolution
The patient's postoperative evolution was good, with creatinine levels 2 days after the operation of 5.37 mg/dl.
Antibiotic therapy with imipenem was maintained for 8 days, and the subsequent urine culture was negative. The result of the examination of the extracted stone was calcium carbonate.
The ureteral tutor was removed 8 days after the operation, as was the bladder catheter. He was discharged 12 days after surgery, maintaining antibiotic prophylaxis. One week later, he came for a check-up, with creatinine levels of 4.28 mg/dl and normal bowel transit.
Currently, she continues to be reviewed by the nephrology department, having started the study for a new living donor transplant (mother), which will be performed in the pre-dialysis phase.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"15-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"Prune",
"Belly",
"syndrome",
"with",
"permeable",
"urachus",
"and",
"renal",
"transplant",
"of",
"12",
"years",
"of",
"evolution",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
".",
"In",
"the",
"current",
"episode",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"recurrent",
"pain",
"of",
"colic",
"characteristics",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hemiabdomen",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"present",
"for",
"years",
".",
"After",
"birth",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"bilateral",
"renal",
"dysplasia",
",",
"large",
"bladder",
"and",
"paraurethral",
"diverticulum",
".",
"In",
"his",
"first",
"week",
"of",
"life",
"he",
"developed",
"grade",
"IV",
"renal",
"insufficiency",
"and",
"progressively",
"developed",
"obstructive",
"uropathy",
"due",
"to",
"type",
"II",
"posterior",
"urethral",
"valves",
"and",
"urethral",
"stricture",
".",
"At",
"two",
"years",
"of",
"age",
",",
"he",
"was",
"put",
"on",
"peritoneal",
"dialysis",
"and",
"six",
"months",
"later",
"on",
"haemodialysis",
".",
"A",
"year",
"later",
",",
"a",
"right",
"kidney",
"was",
"implanted",
"from",
"an",
"adult",
"cadaver",
"donor",
",",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"a",
"Woodruff",
"type",
"neoureterocystostomy",
".",
"Since",
"then",
"he",
"has",
"been",
"on",
"intermittent",
"catheterisation",
"for",
"the",
"permeable",
"urachus",
"and",
"immunosuppressive",
"treatment",
"with",
"prednisone",
",",
"mycophenolate",
"mofetil",
"and",
"tacrolimus",
".",
"At",
"five",
"years",
"of",
"age",
",",
"he",
"underwent",
"a",
"right",
"nephroureterectomy",
"of",
"the",
"native",
"kidney",
"due",
"to",
"several",
"episodes",
"of",
"pyelonephritis",
"and",
"severe",
"hydronephrosis",
"of",
"the",
"ectopic",
"ureter",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"acute",
"graft",
"dysfunction",
"on",
"one",
"occasion",
".",
"Four",
"years",
"later",
"he",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"bladder",
"lithiasis",
",",
"resolved",
"by",
"endoscopic",
"lithotripsy",
".",
"Several",
"years",
"later",
",",
"he",
"started",
"with",
"repeated",
"urinary",
"tract",
"infections",
"and",
"recurrent",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"iliac",
"fossa",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"a",
"slow",
"and",
"progressive",
"deterioration",
"of",
"renal",
"function",
"to",
"creatinine",
"levels",
"of",
"4",
".",
"78",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"a",
"glomerular",
"filtration",
"rate",
"of",
"25",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
"/",
"1",
".",
"73",
"m2",
",",
"prior",
"to",
"his",
"last",
"admission",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"weighed",
"47",
"kg",
",",
"had",
"a",
"height",
"of",
"155",
"cm",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
"140",
"/",
"90",
"mmHg",
"and",
"was",
"afebrile",
".",
"His",
"abdomen",
"was",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"with",
"known",
"hypotonia",
"and",
"pain",
"on",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hemiabdomen",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"a",
"blood",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"values",
"such",
"as",
"5",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"creatinine",
",",
"9",
".",
"88",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"calcium",
",",
"49",
".",
"3",
"CRP",
"and",
"16",
".",
"12",
"x",
"109",
"/",
"l",
"leucocytes",
".",
"A",
"urine",
"culture",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
"(",
"100",
",",
"000",
"CFU",
"/",
"ml",
")",
".",
"-",
"An",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"renal",
"graft",
"was",
"observed",
"with",
"mild",
"pyelic",
"ectasia",
",",
"good",
"vascularisation",
"and",
"normal",
"resistance",
"index",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"distal",
"right",
"ureter",
"distended",
"with",
"three",
"stones",
"inside",
".",
"-",
"Following",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"an",
"abdominal",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"without",
"contrast",
",",
"with",
"similar",
"results",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"an",
"opaque",
"enema",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"stop",
"in",
"the",
"proximal",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"sigma",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"a",
"lower",
"intestinal",
"obstruction",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"After",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
":",
"-",
"Intestinal",
"obstruction",
".",
"-",
"Ureteral",
"lithiasis",
"of",
"the",
"renal",
"graft",
".",
"-",
"Grade",
"IV",
"chronic",
"renal",
"insufficiency",
".",
"Treatment",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"intravenous",
"antibiotherapy",
"(",
"imipenem",
")",
"and",
"immunosuppressant",
"treatment",
"was",
"withdrawn",
".",
"On",
"the",
"sixth",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
"he",
"underwent",
"surgery",
".",
"A",
"median",
"laparotomy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"observing",
"great",
"distension",
"of",
"the",
"intestinal",
"loops",
",",
"which",
"were",
"decompressed",
"until",
"a",
"flange",
"was",
"observed",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"descending",
"colon",
",",
"which",
"was",
"released",
".",
"Intestinal",
"de-rotation",
"is",
"also",
"performed",
"at",
"this",
"level",
".",
"After",
"resolving",
"the",
"digestive",
"problem",
",",
"a",
"large",
"bladder",
"is",
"observed",
".",
"After",
"opening",
"the",
"anterior",
"aspect",
"of",
"the",
"bladder",
",",
"the",
"right",
"ureteral",
"meatus",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"which",
"excreted",
"abundant",
"urine",
",",
"but",
"on",
"attempting",
"to",
"catheterise",
"it",
",",
"a",
"proximal",
"stop",
"appeared",
"that",
"could",
"only",
"be",
"overcome",
"with",
"a",
"Teflon",
"guidewire",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"meatotomy",
",",
"after",
"which",
"the",
"stenosis",
"that",
"produced",
"the",
"stop",
"was",
"released",
"and",
"the",
"ureter",
"catheterised",
".",
"After",
"this",
",",
"the",
"distal",
"ureter",
"is",
"freed",
",",
"observing",
"the",
"imprint",
"of",
"the",
"lithiasis",
"just",
"before",
"the",
"intramural",
"course",
"of",
"the",
"ureter",
".",
"The",
"larger",
"stone",
"(",
"1",
".",
"5",
"cm",
")",
"is",
"removed",
"by",
"performing",
"a",
"ureterotomy",
",",
"and",
"other",
"smaller",
",",
"more",
"proximal",
"stones",
"are",
"removed",
"using",
"a",
"4",
"F",
"Fogarty",
"®",
"catheter",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"a",
"double",
"J",
"ureteral",
"catheter",
"and",
"a",
"ureteral",
"tutor",
"are",
"placed",
"and",
"removed",
"by",
"counter-incision",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"bladder",
"catheter",
"through",
"the",
"permeable",
"urachus",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"postoperative",
"evolution",
"was",
"good",
",",
"with",
"creatinine",
"levels",
"2",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"operation",
"of",
"5",
".",
"37",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"therapy",
"with",
"imipenem",
"was",
"maintained",
"for",
"8",
"days",
",",
"and",
"the",
"subsequent",
"urine",
"culture",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"extracted",
"stone",
"was",
"calcium",
"carbonate",
".",
"The",
"ureteral",
"tutor",
"was",
"removed",
"8",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"operation",
",",
"as",
"was",
"the",
"bladder",
"catheter",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"12",
"days",
"after",
"surgery",
",",
"maintaining",
"antibiotic",
"prophylaxis",
".",
"One",
"week",
"later",
",",
"he",
"came",
"for",
"a",
"check-up",
",",
"with",
"creatinine",
"levels",
"of",
"4",
".",
"28",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"normal",
"bowel",
"transit",
".",
"Currently",
",",
"she",
"continues",
"to",
"be",
"reviewed",
"by",
"the",
"nephrology",
"department",
",",
"having",
"started",
"the",
"study",
"for",
"a",
"new",
"living",
"donor",
"transplant",
"(",
"mother",
")",
",",
"which",
"will",
"be",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"pre-dialysis",
"phase",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 29,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 44,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 213,
"end": 220
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 372,
"end": 379
},
{
"text": "donor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 812,
"end": 817
},
{
"text": "adult",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 798,
"end": 803
},
{
"text": "cadaver",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 804,
"end": 811
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1703,
"end": 1710
},
{
"text": "Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2140,
"end": 2156
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2718,
"end": 2725
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2882,
"end": 2889
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4186,
"end": 4193
},
{
"text": "donor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4858,
"end": 4863
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4876,
"end": 4882
}
] | en |
A 65-year-old male patient, ex-smoker with a history of hypercholesterolemia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to pyloric ulcer, hyperuricaemia, anticoagulated atrial fibrillation and underwent valve replacement with metal aortic and mitral prostheses 3 months ago. He came to the emergency department of our hospital with a history of fever up to 39oC accompanied by chills (especially at night), general malaise, confusion and vomiting without pathological products. In the previous days he had no associated respiratory, micturition or gastrointestinal symptoms.
On physical examination, the patient was in fair general condition, conscious, disoriented in time and person, but not in space. Blood pressure was 135/70 mmHg and heart rate 87 bpm. Afebrile. On cardiac auscultation he had slightly tachycardic arrhythmic tones with metallic clicks. Pulmonary auscultation showed preserved vesicular murmur with no additional sounds. The neurological examination revealed a stiff neck and positive meningeal signs (Kerning and Bruzinsky); strength and sensibility were preserved in the upper and lower limbs.
With clinical suspicion of meningitis, a complete blood test was performed with haemoglobin 10.3 mg/dl, 6340 x103 leukocytes (4920 x 103 neutrophils), 102,000 x103 platelets, urea 45mg/dl, creatinine 1.6 mg/dl, C-reactive protein (CRP) 221.7 mg/l and procalcitonin 1. 17 ng/ml; cranial CT scan revealed no abnormalities, and lumbar puncture, whose cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a white blood cell count of 1810/mm3 (95% neutrophils and 15% lymphocytes), protein 612.5 mg/dl and glucose 17.2 mg/dl.
Differential diagnosis
This was a case of acute community-acquired meningitis, the main "guiding data" available being neutrophilic pleocytosis, hypoglycaemia and hyperproteinaemia. The diagnosis of acute community-acquired meningitis (1) is challenging in older adults because of the variable clinical presentation and associated comorbidity. The main causes of acute community-acquired meningitis are:
1. infectious
- Bacterial (characterised by hypoglycaemia, hyperproteinaemia and neutrophilic pleocytosis) mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis or Listeria monocytogenes. Early stages of meningitis due to Brucella spp, Lupus or Leptospiras spp.
- Viral, mainly related to enteroviruses, arboviruses, mumps, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and HIV.
- Mycobacteria.
- Fungi, amoebae.
2. Lymphoma of the central nervous system or meningeal carcinomatosis.
3. Others: parameningeal infectious foci (cerebral empyema), cerebral aneurysm, chemical meningitis, early stages of Mollaret's meningitis, acute haemorrhagic encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, endocarditis.
4. Unknown cause. The imaging technique performed (cranial CT scan) showed no evidence of bleeding, nor focal lesions at parenchymal or meningeal level, making meningeal carcinomatosis, central nervous system lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, cerebral aneurysm or epidural empyema unlikely.
On the other hand, the CSF biochemical analysis was compatible with bacterial meningitis: cloudy fluid with predominantly neutrophilic pleocytosis (1810 leukocytes/mm3 with 95% neutrophils), hyperproteinorrakia (proteins above 500 mg/dl) and hypoglycorrhachia (glucose below 45 mg/dl). Therefore, the main aetiology to be ruled out was infectious with bacterial characteristics.
Evolution
On admission, given the high clinical suspicion, empirical treatment was started for bacterial meningitis in patients over 50 years of age, with dexamethasone 10mg every 24h, ceftriaxone 2g every 12h, vancomycin 1g every 12h and ampicillin 2g every 4h intravenously. Prior to the start of antibiotic treatment, samples were taken for culture and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection in CSF, which were negative (both culture and antigen), direct Gram staining was performed, which revealed gram-positive cells in the form of cocci, in short chains and even small groups; and blood cultures were taken, which were positive for Streptococcus equi subspecies ruminatorum. Species identification was carried out directly from the blood culture using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).
After obtaining a positive blood culture (2 out of 4 bottles), antibiotherapy was changed to intravenous benzylpenicillin (42 million units/day) for 14 days and subsequently changed to intravenous ceftriaxone 2g/24h for 7 more days, completing 21 days of antibiotherapy. Blood cultures were negative after 7 days of antibiotic treatment.
Given the bacteraemia and the recent heart valve replacement, endocarditis was ruled out with transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. There was no hypogammaglobulinaemia and no evidence of immunosuppression. Streptococcus equi is clearly related to contact with animals. In this regard, the patient was re-interrogated and reported having attended, two days before the onset of symptoms, a pilgrimage for a local festival, where he had direct contact with a large number of horses. The evolution was favourable with disappearance of fever and other symptoms, as well as normalisation of acute phase reactants.
Final diagnosis
Community bacteremic bacterial meningitis due to Streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum.
| [
"A",
"65-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
",",
"ex-smoker",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"hypercholesterolemia",
",",
"upper",
"gastrointestinal",
"bleeding",
"due",
"to",
"pyloric",
"ulcer",
",",
"hyperuricaemia",
",",
"anticoagulated",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
"and",
"underwent",
"valve",
"replacement",
"with",
"metal",
"aortic",
"and",
"mitral",
"prostheses",
"3",
"months",
"ago",
".",
"He",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"accompanied",
"by",
"chills",
"(",
"especially",
"at",
"night",
")",
",",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"confusion",
"and",
"vomiting",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
".",
"In",
"the",
"previous",
"days",
"he",
"had",
"no",
"associated",
"respiratory",
",",
"micturition",
"or",
"gastrointestinal",
"symptoms",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"in",
"fair",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"conscious",
",",
"disoriented",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"person",
",",
"but",
"not",
"in",
"space",
".",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"was",
"135",
"/",
"70",
"mmHg",
"and",
"heart",
"rate",
"87",
"bpm",
".",
"Afebrile",
".",
"On",
"cardiac",
"auscultation",
"he",
"had",
"slightly",
"tachycardic",
"arrhythmic",
"tones",
"with",
"metallic",
"clicks",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"preserved",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
"with",
"no",
"additional",
"sounds",
".",
"The",
"neurological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"stiff",
"neck",
"and",
"positive",
"meningeal",
"signs",
"(",
"Kerning",
"and",
"Bruzinsky",
")",
";",
"strength",
"and",
"sensibility",
"were",
"preserved",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"and",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"With",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
"of",
"meningitis",
",",
"a",
"complete",
"blood",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"haemoglobin",
"10",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"6340",
"x103",
"leukocytes",
"(",
"4920",
"x",
"103",
"neutrophils",
")",
",",
"102",
",",
"000",
"x103",
"platelets",
",",
"urea",
"45mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"1",
".",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"CRP",
")",
"221",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
"1",
".",
"17",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
";",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"revealed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
",",
"and",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
",",
"whose",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"(",
"CSF",
")",
"analysis",
"showed",
"a",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
"of",
"1810",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"95",
"%",
"neutrophils",
"and",
"15",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
")",
",",
"protein",
"612",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"glucose",
"17",
".",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"This",
"was",
"a",
"case",
"of",
"acute",
"community-acquired",
"meningitis",
",",
"the",
"main",
"\"",
"guiding",
"data",
"\"",
"available",
"being",
"neutrophilic",
"pleocytosis",
",",
"hypoglycaemia",
"and",
"hyperproteinaemia",
".",
"The",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"acute",
"community-acquired",
"meningitis",
"(",
"1",
")",
"is",
"challenging",
"in",
"older",
"adults",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"variable",
"clinical",
"presentation",
"and",
"associated",
"comorbidity",
".",
"The",
"main",
"causes",
"of",
"acute",
"community-acquired",
"meningitis",
"are",
":",
"1",
".",
"infectious",
"-",
"Bacterial",
"(",
"characterised",
"by",
"hypoglycaemia",
",",
"hyperproteinaemia",
"and",
"neutrophilic",
"pleocytosis",
")",
"mainly",
"Streptococcus",
"pneumoniae",
",",
"Neisseria",
"meningitidis",
"or",
"Listeria",
"monocytogenes",
".",
"Early",
"stages",
"of",
"meningitis",
"due",
"to",
"Brucella",
"spp",
",",
"Lupus",
"or",
"Leptospiras",
"spp",
".",
"-",
"Viral",
",",
"mainly",
"related",
"to",
"enteroviruses",
",",
"arboviruses",
",",
"mumps",
",",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
",",
"varicella-zoster",
"virus",
",",
"Epstein-Barr",
"virus",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
",",
"adenovirus",
"and",
"HIV",
".",
"-",
"Mycobacteria",
".",
"-",
"Fungi",
",",
"amoebae",
".",
"2",
".",
"Lymphoma",
"of",
"the",
"central",
"nervous",
"system",
"or",
"meningeal",
"carcinomatosis",
".",
"3",
".",
"Others",
":",
"parameningeal",
"infectious",
"foci",
"(",
"cerebral",
"empyema",
")",
",",
"cerebral",
"aneurysm",
",",
"chemical",
"meningitis",
",",
"early",
"stages",
"of",
"Mollaret",
"'",
"s",
"meningitis",
",",
"acute",
"haemorrhagic",
"encephalitis",
",",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
",",
"endocarditis",
".",
"4",
".",
"Unknown",
"cause",
".",
"The",
"imaging",
"technique",
"performed",
"(",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
")",
"showed",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"bleeding",
",",
"nor",
"focal",
"lesions",
"at",
"parenchymal",
"or",
"meningeal",
"level",
",",
"making",
"meningeal",
"carcinomatosis",
",",
"central",
"nervous",
"system",
"lymphoma",
",",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
",",
"cerebral",
"aneurysm",
"or",
"epidural",
"empyema",
"unlikely",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"the",
"CSF",
"biochemical",
"analysis",
"was",
"compatible",
"with",
"bacterial",
"meningitis",
":",
"cloudy",
"fluid",
"with",
"predominantly",
"neutrophilic",
"pleocytosis",
"(",
"1810",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"with",
"95",
"%",
"neutrophils",
")",
",",
"hyperproteinorrakia",
"(",
"proteins",
"above",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
"and",
"hypoglycorrhachia",
"(",
"glucose",
"below",
"45",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"the",
"main",
"aetiology",
"to",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"was",
"infectious",
"with",
"bacterial",
"characteristics",
".",
"Evolution",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"given",
"the",
"high",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
",",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"for",
"bacterial",
"meningitis",
"in",
"patients",
"over",
"50",
"years",
"of",
"age",
",",
"with",
"dexamethasone",
"10mg",
"every",
"24h",
",",
"ceftriaxone",
"2g",
"every",
"12h",
",",
"vancomycin",
"1g",
"every",
"12h",
"and",
"ampicillin",
"2g",
"every",
"4h",
"intravenously",
".",
"Prior",
"to",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"samples",
"were",
"taken",
"for",
"culture",
"and",
"Streptococcus",
"pneumoniae",
"antigen",
"detection",
"in",
"CSF",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
"(",
"both",
"culture",
"and",
"antigen",
")",
",",
"direct",
"Gram",
"staining",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"gram-positive",
"cells",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"cocci",
",",
"in",
"short",
"chains",
"and",
"even",
"small",
"groups",
";",
"and",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
",",
"which",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"Streptococcus",
"equi",
"subspecies",
"ruminatorum",
".",
"Species",
"identification",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"directly",
"from",
"the",
"blood",
"culture",
"using",
"mass",
"spectrometry",
"(",
"MALDI-TOF",
")",
".",
"After",
"obtaining",
"a",
"positive",
"blood",
"culture",
"(",
"2",
"out",
"of",
"4",
"bottles",
")",
",",
"antibiotherapy",
"was",
"changed",
"to",
"intravenous",
"benzylpenicillin",
"(",
"42",
"million",
"units",
"/",
"day",
")",
"for",
"14",
"days",
"and",
"subsequently",
"changed",
"to",
"intravenous",
"ceftriaxone",
"2g",
"/",
"24h",
"for",
"7",
"more",
"days",
",",
"completing",
"21",
"days",
"of",
"antibiotherapy",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
"after",
"7",
"days",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"bacteraemia",
"and",
"the",
"recent",
"heart",
"valve",
"replacement",
",",
"endocarditis",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"with",
"transthoracic",
"and",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiography",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"hypogammaglobulinaemia",
"and",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"immunosuppression",
".",
"Streptococcus",
"equi",
"is",
"clearly",
"related",
"to",
"contact",
"with",
"animals",
".",
"In",
"this",
"regard",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"re-interrogated",
"and",
"reported",
"having",
"attended",
",",
"two",
"days",
"before",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"symptoms",
",",
"a",
"pilgrimage",
"for",
"a",
"local",
"festival",
",",
"where",
"he",
"had",
"direct",
"contact",
"with",
"a",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"horses",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"favourable",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"fever",
"and",
"other",
"symptoms",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"normalisation",
"of",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Community",
"bacteremic",
"bacterial",
"meningitis",
"due",
"to",
"Streptococcus",
"equi",
"subsp",
".",
"ruminatorum",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 599,
"end": 606
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 673,
"end": 679
},
{
"text": "adults",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1888,
"end": 1894
},
{
"text": "Bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2049,
"end": 2058
},
{
"text": "Brucella spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2257,
"end": 2269
},
{
"text": "Listeria monocytogenes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2199,
"end": 2221
},
{
"text": "Neisseria meningitidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2173,
"end": 2195
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2147,
"end": 2171
},
{
"text": "Leptospiras spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2280,
"end": 2295
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2458,
"end": 2461
},
{
"text": "Viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2300,
"end": 2305
},
{
"text": "adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2443,
"end": 2453
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2426,
"end": 2441
},
{
"text": "mumps",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2353,
"end": 2358
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2406,
"end": 2424
},
{
"text": "herpes simplex virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2360,
"end": 2380
},
{
"text": "varicella-zoster virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2382,
"end": 2404
},
{
"text": "Mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2466,
"end": 2478
},
{
"text": "Fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2483,
"end": 2488
},
{
"text": "amoebae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2490,
"end": 2497
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3136,
"end": 3145
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3420,
"end": 3429
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3543,
"end": 3552
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4884,
"end": 4891
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4801,
"end": 4819
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5241,
"end": 5250
},
{
"text": "bacteremic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5230,
"end": 5240
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5269,
"end": 5287
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus equi subsp. ruminatorum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5269,
"end": 5306
}
] | en |
A 57-year-old man diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis since 1996. He started multiple sclerosis modifier therapy with interferon beta 1-2, which was replaced by FNG in 2013 because of disease activity (persistent clinical and MRI inflammatory activity despite previous treatment with interferon beta 1-a). The last score on the expanded disability status scale was 6.0, mainly due to left hemiparesis. His lymphocyte count in the previous year was between 700 and 900 per microlitre, and the last MRI in 2019 showed a moderate morbidity and mortality burden, with no clinical or MRI signs of disease activity. The last test before admission gave 500 lymphocytes/μL.
He suffered a fall at home in the first week of March 2020. Since then, he started complaining of dorsalgia in the dorsal-lumbar area, which became more severe when moving the trunk. On 25 March, he developed fever and malaise. He was admitted to hospital with a temperature of 38oC. Neurological examination showed no change from the last evaluation at the multiple sclerosis clinic.
Blood tests showed high C-reactive protein (12.83 mg/dL [normal range: < 0.50]) and lymphocytopenia (500/μL). Chest X-ray was unremarkable, but confirmed a fracture of the sixth thoracic vertebra. Real-time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 from a nasopharyngeal swab was positive, and treatment with hydroxychloroquine was initiated for 7 days. FNG was maintained and for the next three weeks he continued with intermittent fever, but without respiratory complications (pO2 82 mmHg, pCO2 35 mmHg) and normal chest X-rays. Because of the risk of vertebral instability, dorsal surgery was performed on 18 April without complications. Two days later, FNG was discontinued due to a low lymphocyte count (100/μL). After one week (day 30 from symptom onset), lymphocytes increased (800/μL), but the patient developed fever (38.5°C) and dyspnoea, which required oxygen via nasal cannula. A new chest X-ray was performed, which showed bilateral infiltrates. C-reactive protein remained elevated (6.93 mg/dL). At that time, pO2 was 70 mmHg and pCO2 was 36 mmHg. Other infectious causes were ruled out and PCR for SARS-CoV-2 remained positive. A delayed clinical exacerbation of COVID-19 was raised as the main possibility; therefore, methylprednisolone (80 md/day) was prescribed for one week. The patient improved progressively over the following week,
he did not require further oxygen therapy but continued to have abnormal chest X-rays and positive nasopharyngeal smear CRP. FNG recovered after tapering methylprednisolone, with no further complications.
| [
"",
"A",
"57-year-old",
"man",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"relapsing",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"since",
"1996",
".",
"He",
"started",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"modifier",
"therapy",
"with",
"interferon",
"beta",
"1-2",
",",
"which",
"was",
"replaced",
"by",
"FNG",
"in",
"2013",
"because",
"of",
"disease",
"activity",
"(",
"persistent",
"clinical",
"and",
"MRI",
"inflammatory",
"activity",
"despite",
"previous",
"treatment",
"with",
"interferon",
"beta",
"1-a",
")",
".",
"The",
"last",
"score",
"on",
"the",
"expanded",
"disability",
"status",
"scale",
"was",
"6",
".",
"0",
",",
"mainly",
"due",
"to",
"left",
"hemiparesis",
".",
"His",
"lymphocyte",
"count",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"year",
"was",
"between",
"700",
"and",
"900",
"per",
"microlitre",
",",
"and",
"the",
"last",
"MRI",
"in",
"2019",
"showed",
"a",
"moderate",
"morbidity",
"and",
"mortality",
"burden",
",",
"with",
"no",
"clinical",
"or",
"MRI",
"signs",
"of",
"disease",
"activity",
".",
"The",
"last",
"test",
"before",
"admission",
"gave",
"500",
"lymphocytes",
"/",
"μL",
".",
"He",
"suffered",
"a",
"fall",
"at",
"home",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"week",
"of",
"March",
"2020",
".",
"Since",
"then",
",",
"he",
"started",
"complaining",
"of",
"dorsalgia",
"in",
"the",
"dorsal-lumbar",
"area",
",",
"which",
"became",
"more",
"severe",
"when",
"moving",
"the",
"trunk",
".",
"On",
"25",
"March",
",",
"he",
"developed",
"fever",
"and",
"malaise",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"hospital",
"with",
"a",
"temperature",
"of",
"38oC",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"showed",
"no",
"change",
"from",
"the",
"last",
"evaluation",
"at",
"the",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"clinic",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"high",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"12",
".",
"83",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"[",
"normal",
"range",
":",
"<",
"0",
".",
"50",
"]",
")",
"and",
"lymphocytopenia",
"(",
"500",
"/",
"μL",
")",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"unremarkable",
",",
"but",
"confirmed",
"a",
"fracture",
"of",
"the",
"sixth",
"thoracic",
"vertebra",
".",
"Real-time",
"PCR",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"from",
"a",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
"was",
"positive",
",",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"was",
"initiated",
"for",
"7",
"days",
".",
"FNG",
"was",
"maintained",
"and",
"for",
"the",
"next",
"three",
"weeks",
"he",
"continued",
"with",
"intermittent",
"fever",
",",
"but",
"without",
"respiratory",
"complications",
"(",
"pO2",
"82",
"mmHg",
",",
"pCO2",
"35",
"mmHg",
")",
"and",
"normal",
"chest",
"X-rays",
".",
"Because",
"of",
"the",
"risk",
"of",
"vertebral",
"instability",
",",
"dorsal",
"surgery",
"was",
"performed",
"on",
"18",
"April",
"without",
"complications",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"later",
",",
"FNG",
"was",
"discontinued",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"low",
"lymphocyte",
"count",
"(",
"100",
"/",
"μL",
")",
".",
"After",
"one",
"week",
"(",
"day",
"30",
"from",
"symptom",
"onset",
")",
",",
"lymphocytes",
"increased",
"(",
"800",
"/",
"μL",
")",
",",
"but",
"the",
"patient",
"developed",
"fever",
"(",
"38",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
")",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"which",
"required",
"oxygen",
"via",
"nasal",
"cannula",
".",
"A",
"new",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"infiltrates",
".",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"remained",
"elevated",
"(",
"6",
".",
"93",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
")",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
",",
"pO2",
"was",
"70",
"mmHg",
"and",
"pCO2",
"was",
"36",
"mmHg",
".",
"Other",
"infectious",
"causes",
"were",
"ruled",
"out",
"and",
"PCR",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"remained",
"positive",
".",
"A",
"delayed",
"clinical",
"exacerbation",
"of",
"COVID-19",
"was",
"raised",
"as",
"the",
"main",
"possibility",
";",
"therefore",
",",
"methylprednisolone",
"(",
"80",
"md",
"/",
"day",
")",
"was",
"prescribed",
"for",
"one",
"week",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"improved",
"progressively",
"over",
"the",
"following",
"week",
",",
"he",
"did",
"not",
"require",
"further",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
"but",
"continued",
"to",
"have",
"abnormal",
"chest",
"X-rays",
"and",
"positive",
"nasopharyngeal",
"smear",
"CRP",
".",
"FNG",
"recovered",
"after",
"tapering",
"methylprednisolone",
",",
"with",
"no",
"further",
"complications",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1277,
"end": 1287
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2152,
"end": 2162
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1841,
"end": 1848
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2337,
"end": 2344
}
] | en |
This is a 76 year old woman who was admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department for postphlebitic syndrome. During her stay on the ward she showed clinical deterioration and was transferred to the ICU on 10/5/03 with severe sepsis.
His past history of interest included high blood pressure, obesity, arthrosis and resection of a tubular adenoma of the colon. In August 2000 he underwent cholecystectomy for lithiasic cholecystitis with significant subhepatic inflammatory plastron that required subtotal resection of the gallbladder. On admission, he developed DVT of IBD with subsequent PTE and atrial fibrillation, and treatment was started with amiodarone and dicoumarin. During the last month she was in outpatient care due to non-specific digestive symptoms, with elevated GGT and AF observed in analytical control.
On examination in the ICU she was stuporous, icteric and with arterial hypotension. O2 saturation was preserved with a mask. Cardiac auscultation rhythmic at 80 bpm, without murmurs. Pulmonary auscultation was normal. The abdomen was globular, painful on palpation in the right hemiabdomen, although without signs of peritoneal irritation and the IBD showed good evolution of its thrombosis.
Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis (37,000/mm3) with neutrophilia, urea 1.83 g/l, creatinine 4.2 mg/dl total bilirubin 8.6 mg/dl, with a direct fraction of 5.7 mg/dl, AST 312 U/l, ALT 106 U/l, GGT 416 U/l. With the diagnosis of sepsis of biliary origin, treatment was started with fluid therapy, dopamine and empirical antibiotics with piperacillin/tazobactam, obtaining a good initial response.
Complementary tests performed: CT scan of the abdomen (11/5/03) showing multiple hypodense images in the hepatic parenchyma suggesting abscesses. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram, which confirmed the existence of endocarditis at the mitral subvalvular level leading to grade II insufficiency. Following this finding, vancomycin and gentamicin were added to the antibiotic treatment. FNA of a liver lesion. ERCP did not show dilatation of the biliary tract, although papillotomy was performed to ensure biliary drainage. Subsequent evolution was unfavourable with the establishment of refractory BMDS and exitus 96 hours after admission to the ICU.
We requested a necropsy, which revealed multicentric cholangiocarcinoma, with multiple nodules throughout the organ, local extension to the gallbladder bed and extrahepatic bile ducts, regional metastases to lymph nodes in the hepatic hilum and distant metastases, manifested by microscopic foci in the lung.
Extensive intratumoral necrosis was also observed with superinfection by Enterobacter cloacae, also isolated in blood and FNA sample, which leads us to suppose that it was the germ responsible for the septic picture.
| [
"This",
"is",
"a",
"76",
"year",
"old",
"woman",
"who",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Vascular",
"Surgery",
"Department",
"for",
"postphlebitic",
"syndrome",
".",
"During",
"her",
"stay",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
"she",
"showed",
"clinical",
"deterioration",
"and",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"on",
"10",
"/",
"5",
"/",
"03",
"with",
"severe",
"sepsis",
".",
"His",
"past",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"included",
"high",
"blood",
"pressure",
",",
"obesity",
",",
"arthrosis",
"and",
"resection",
"of",
"a",
"tubular",
"adenoma",
"of",
"the",
"colon",
".",
"In",
"August",
"2000",
"he",
"underwent",
"cholecystectomy",
"for",
"lithiasic",
"cholecystitis",
"with",
"significant",
"subhepatic",
"inflammatory",
"plastron",
"that",
"required",
"subtotal",
"resection",
"of",
"the",
"gallbladder",
".",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"he",
"developed",
"DVT",
"of",
"IBD",
"with",
"subsequent",
"PTE",
"and",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
",",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"amiodarone",
"and",
"dicoumarin",
".",
"During",
"the",
"last",
"month",
"she",
"was",
"in",
"outpatient",
"care",
"due",
"to",
"non-specific",
"digestive",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"elevated",
"GGT",
"and",
"AF",
"observed",
"in",
"analytical",
"control",
".",
"On",
"examination",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
"she",
"was",
"stuporous",
",",
"icteric",
"and",
"with",
"arterial",
"hypotension",
".",
"O2",
"saturation",
"was",
"preserved",
"with",
"a",
"mask",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
"rhythmic",
"at",
"80",
"bpm",
",",
"without",
"murmurs",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"auscultation",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"globular",
",",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hemiabdomen",
",",
"although",
"without",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
"and",
"the",
"IBD",
"showed",
"good",
"evolution",
"of",
"its",
"thrombosis",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"leukocytosis",
"(",
"37",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
",",
"urea",
"1",
".",
"83",
"g",
"/",
"l",
",",
"creatinine",
"4",
".",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"total",
"bilirubin",
"8",
".",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"with",
"a",
"direct",
"fraction",
"of",
"5",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"AST",
"312",
"U",
"/",
"l",
",",
"ALT",
"106",
"U",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GGT",
"416",
"U",
"/",
"l",
".",
"With",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"sepsis",
"of",
"biliary",
"origin",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"fluid",
"therapy",
",",
"dopamine",
"and",
"empirical",
"antibiotics",
"with",
"piperacillin",
"/",
"tazobactam",
",",
"obtaining",
"a",
"good",
"initial",
"response",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"performed",
":",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"(",
"11",
"/",
"5",
"/",
"03",
")",
"showing",
"multiple",
"hypodense",
"images",
"in",
"the",
"hepatic",
"parenchyma",
"suggesting",
"abscesses",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"and",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
",",
"which",
"confirmed",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"endocarditis",
"at",
"the",
"mitral",
"subvalvular",
"level",
"leading",
"to",
"grade",
"II",
"insufficiency",
".",
"Following",
"this",
"finding",
",",
"vancomycin",
"and",
"gentamicin",
"were",
"added",
"to",
"the",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
".",
"FNA",
"of",
"a",
"liver",
"lesion",
".",
"ERCP",
"did",
"not",
"show",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"biliary",
"tract",
",",
"although",
"papillotomy",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"ensure",
"biliary",
"drainage",
".",
"Subsequent",
"evolution",
"was",
"unfavourable",
"with",
"the",
"establishment",
"of",
"refractory",
"BMDS",
"and",
"exitus",
"96",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
".",
"We",
"requested",
"a",
"necropsy",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"multicentric",
"cholangiocarcinoma",
",",
"with",
"multiple",
"nodules",
"throughout",
"the",
"organ",
",",
"local",
"extension",
"to",
"the",
"gallbladder",
"bed",
"and",
"extrahepatic",
"bile",
"ducts",
",",
"regional",
"metastases",
"to",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"in",
"the",
"hepatic",
"hilum",
"and",
"distant",
"metastases",
",",
"manifested",
"by",
"microscopic",
"foci",
"in",
"the",
"lung",
".",
"Extensive",
"intratumoral",
"necrosis",
"was",
"also",
"observed",
"with",
"superinfection",
"by",
"Enterobacter",
"cloacae",
",",
"also",
"isolated",
"in",
"blood",
"and",
"FNA",
"sample",
",",
"which",
"leads",
"us",
"to",
"suppose",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"the",
"germ",
"responsible",
"for",
"the",
"septic",
"picture",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Enterobacter cloacae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2658,
"end": 2678
},
{
"text": "germ",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2761,
"end": 2765
}
] | en |
A 59-year-old man with a personal history of chronic alcoholism and smoking for years, who as complications had presented an episode of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to anti-inflammatory analgesics. His urological history included a prostate syndrome of two years' evolution with no secondary complications.
She came to the emergency department for intermittent febrile syndrome of four days' evolution, associated with urinary incontinence in the last 48 hours, together with dysuria and sacral pain radiating to both lower limbs and worsening with movement. Rectal tenesmus of recent onset was also associated. On arrival at the emergency department, fever of up to 39oC was observed, the patient was haemodynamically stable, confused, drowsy and sweaty.
On physical examination, the abdomen was globular, soft and depressible, not peritonitised. Painful on palpation in the bilateral lumbar area at L5-S1, as well as in the hypogastric area and perineal region. There is no impression of a bladder balloon. The genital examination was normal, and the rectal examination showed a slightly painful rectal volume I adenomatosis. The neurological examination shows decreased strength in both lower limbs in the upper third and sensitivity is preserved. Patellar and Achilles reflexes are present.
Urgent blood and biochemistry tests showed: haemoglobin 14.2 g/dl, haematocrit 41.5%, leukocytes 20,300 (neutrophils 72.9%), glucose 212 mg/dl, creatinine 1.11 mg/dl, sodium 135 mEq/l, potassium 3.8 mEq/l, sedimentation rate 100 mm/h. A urinalysis with negative leucocytes, negative nitrites and normal sediment. The analysis was completed with a coagulation study which showed a prothrombin activity of 83%, a cephalin time of 27.2 sg, and fibrinogen of 574 mg/dl.
An urgent abdomino-pelvic CT scan was requested at the outset, showing multiple simple cysts in the kidneys and left renal lithiasis. No dilatation of the urinary tract. The prostate was enlarged, with two hypodense lesions in both lateral lobes measuring 3.3 cm and 3 cm, compatible with prostatic abscess.
Empirical antibiotic treatment with Ceftriaxone 1 g/12 h, Ampicillin 1 g/6 h and Gentamicin 240 mg/24 h was then started.
With the diagnosis of prostatic abscess, we decided to drain the collection under control with ECTR and urinary diversion.
In the operating theatre, a lumbar puncture was performed prior to intradural anaesthesia. A cloudy-yellowish cerebrospinal fluid was observed and a sample was sent to microbiology and biochemistry, 1070 leukocytes were isolated (85% polymorphonuclear).
On the other hand, the diagnosis of prostatic abscess was confirmed in the TCPR, which showed two collections of 30 and 28 mm affecting the left and right lobe respectively, the rest of the prostate being heterogeneous with no clear abscessed areas. By means of perineal puncture-drainage we evacuated 10 cc of pus from the collections described, leaving a cystostomy tube in place for drainage. We diverted the urine via suprapubic cystostomy.
The culture of the samples (prostatic and lumbar puncture) isolated sensitive S. aureus oxicilin, so we started treatment with Cloxacillin 2 g/24 and Rifampicin 300 mg/12h, and requested an urgent lumbar MRI which was reported as a subdural empyema, with no signs of spondylodiscitis.
Subsequent control based on new ECTR showed a clear improvement, although it was necessary to drain again a hyperechogenic area in the right prostatic lobe, evacuating 4 cc of purulent material. Subsequent check-ups did not reveal any new suspicious areas. A transesophageal echography was also performed, which ruled out secondary endocarditis, and a new lumbar MRI scan was performed after six weeks of antibiotic treatment, which showed complete resolution of the subdural empyema.
| [
"A",
"59-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"chronic",
"alcoholism",
"and",
"smoking",
"for",
"years",
",",
"who",
"as",
"complications",
"had",
"presented",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"upper",
"gastrointestinal",
"haemorrhage",
"secondary",
"to",
"anti-inflammatory",
"analgesics",
".",
"His",
"urological",
"history",
"included",
"a",
"prostate",
"syndrome",
"of",
"two",
"years",
"'",
"evolution",
"with",
"no",
"secondary",
"complications",
".",
"She",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"intermittent",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"of",
"four",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"urinary",
"incontinence",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"48",
"hours",
",",
"together",
"with",
"dysuria",
"and",
"sacral",
"pain",
"radiating",
"to",
"both",
"lower",
"limbs",
"and",
"worsening",
"with",
"movement",
".",
"Rectal",
"tenesmus",
"of",
"recent",
"onset",
"was",
"also",
"associated",
".",
"On",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
",",
"confused",
",",
"drowsy",
"and",
"sweaty",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"abdomen",
"was",
"globular",
",",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"not",
"peritonitised",
".",
"Painful",
"on",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"bilateral",
"lumbar",
"area",
"at",
"L5-S1",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"in",
"the",
"hypogastric",
"area",
"and",
"perineal",
"region",
".",
"There",
"is",
"no",
"impression",
"of",
"a",
"bladder",
"balloon",
".",
"The",
"genital",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"and",
"the",
"rectal",
"examination",
"showed",
"a",
"slightly",
"painful",
"rectal",
"volume",
"I",
"adenomatosis",
".",
"The",
"neurological",
"examination",
"shows",
"decreased",
"strength",
"in",
"both",
"lower",
"limbs",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"third",
"and",
"sensitivity",
"is",
"preserved",
".",
"Patellar",
"and",
"Achilles",
"reflexes",
"are",
"present",
".",
"Urgent",
"blood",
"and",
"biochemistry",
"tests",
"showed",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"14",
".",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"haematocrit",
"41",
".",
"5",
"%",
",",
"leukocytes",
"20",
",",
"300",
"(",
"neutrophils",
"72",
".",
"9",
"%",
")",
",",
"glucose",
"212",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"1",
".",
"11",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"sodium",
"135",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"potassium",
"3",
".",
"8",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"100",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
".",
"A",
"urinalysis",
"with",
"negative",
"leucocytes",
",",
"negative",
"nitrites",
"and",
"normal",
"sediment",
".",
"The",
"analysis",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"a",
"coagulation",
"study",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"prothrombin",
"activity",
"of",
"83",
"%",
",",
"a",
"cephalin",
"time",
"of",
"27",
".",
"2",
"sg",
",",
"and",
"fibrinogen",
"of",
"574",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"An",
"urgent",
"abdomino-pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"requested",
"at",
"the",
"outset",
",",
"showing",
"multiple",
"simple",
"cysts",
"in",
"the",
"kidneys",
"and",
"left",
"renal",
"lithiasis",
".",
"No",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"urinary",
"tract",
".",
"The",
"prostate",
"was",
"enlarged",
",",
"with",
"two",
"hypodense",
"lesions",
"in",
"both",
"lateral",
"lobes",
"measuring",
"3",
".",
"3",
"cm",
"and",
"3",
"cm",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"prostatic",
"abscess",
".",
"Empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"Ceftriaxone",
"1",
"g",
"/",
"12",
"h",
",",
"Ampicillin",
"1",
"g",
"/",
"6",
"h",
"and",
"Gentamicin",
"240",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
"was",
"then",
"started",
".",
"With",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"prostatic",
"abscess",
",",
"we",
"decided",
"to",
"drain",
"the",
"collection",
"under",
"control",
"with",
"ECTR",
"and",
"urinary",
"diversion",
".",
"In",
"the",
"operating",
"theatre",
",",
"a",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"was",
"performed",
"prior",
"to",
"intradural",
"anaesthesia",
".",
"A",
"cloudy-yellowish",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"was",
"observed",
"and",
"a",
"sample",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"microbiology",
"and",
"biochemistry",
",",
"1070",
"leukocytes",
"were",
"isolated",
"(",
"85",
"%",
"polymorphonuclear",
")",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"prostatic",
"abscess",
"was",
"confirmed",
"in",
"the",
"TCPR",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"two",
"collections",
"of",
"30",
"and",
"28",
"mm",
"affecting",
"the",
"left",
"and",
"right",
"lobe",
"respectively",
",",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"prostate",
"being",
"heterogeneous",
"with",
"no",
"clear",
"abscessed",
"areas",
".",
"By",
"means",
"of",
"perineal",
"puncture-drainage",
"we",
"evacuated",
"10",
"cc",
"of",
"pus",
"from",
"the",
"collections",
"described",
",",
"leaving",
"a",
"cystostomy",
"tube",
"in",
"place",
"for",
"drainage",
".",
"We",
"diverted",
"the",
"urine",
"via",
"suprapubic",
"cystostomy",
".",
"The",
"culture",
"of",
"the",
"samples",
"(",
"prostatic",
"and",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
")",
"isolated",
"sensitive",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
"oxicilin",
",",
"so",
"we",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"Cloxacillin",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"24",
"and",
"Rifampicin",
"300",
"mg",
"/",
"12h",
",",
"and",
"requested",
"an",
"urgent",
"lumbar",
"MRI",
"which",
"was",
"reported",
"as",
"a",
"subdural",
"empyema",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"spondylodiscitis",
".",
"Subsequent",
"control",
"based",
"on",
"new",
"ECTR",
"showed",
"a",
"clear",
"improvement",
",",
"although",
"it",
"was",
"necessary",
"to",
"drain",
"again",
"a",
"hyperechogenic",
"area",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"prostatic",
"lobe",
",",
"evacuating",
"4",
"cc",
"of",
"purulent",
"material",
".",
"Subsequent",
"check-ups",
"did",
"not",
"reveal",
"any",
"new",
"suspicious",
"areas",
".",
"A",
"transesophageal",
"echography",
"was",
"also",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"ruled",
"out",
"secondary",
"endocarditis",
",",
"and",
"a",
"new",
"lumbar",
"MRI",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"after",
"six",
"weeks",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"complete",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"subdural",
"empyema",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 25,
"end": 33
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 706,
"end": 713
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 20-year-old female patient with no known drug allergies, smoker of 10 cigarettes a day, with a history of extrinsic allergic asthma, migraine with aura, recurrent urinary tract infections and chronic constipation. She was transferred from another centre for the study and treatment of tetraparesis in the context of abdominal pain with hyponatraemia (up to 105 mEq/l), bilirubinuria and choluria, as well as dysautonomic symptoms and hyporeflexia.
Physical examination
The patient was tachycardic (heart rate 120 bpm), febrile (temperature 37 oC), peak flow of 150 cc and cardiovascular, respiratory and abdominal examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination revealed peripheral facial paresis with Bell's sign, dysphagia, generalised areflexia except for the presence of Achilles reflexes, bilateral skin-plantar flexor reflex, significant piloerection and sweating. He also has tetraparesis with muscle balance (right/left): deltoid 0/0, triceps 0/1, biceps 1/1, carpal flexor 0/2+, interosseous 1⁄2, carpal extensor 0/0, flexor digitorum 2/2, extensor digitorum 2/2, psoas 3-/4+, quadriceps 1/0, hamstrings 3/4-, triceps suralis 3/3 and tibialis anterior 3+/4.
Complementary tests
- Admission blood tests. CBC: haemoglobin 8.9 g/dl, haematocrit 27%, MCV 77.1 fl, MCH 25 pg, platelets 260 K/mcl, leukocytes 9.1 K/mcl. Biochemistry: glucose 88 g/dl, urea 53 mg/dl, creatinine 0.50 mg/dl, sodium 134 mEq/l, potassium 4.6 mEq/l. Urinalysis: positive for leucocytes and nitrites. Urine culture positive for Escherichia coli.
- Control laboratory tests: ESR 114 mm; folates 7.88, cobalamins 1002.
- Haemogram: no changes.
- Biochemistry: total protein 6.9 mg/dl, GOT 70 IU/l, GPT 73 IU/l, GGT 45 IU/l, FA 128 IU/l. Ionogram: no alterations.
- Proteinogram: albumin 39.9%, alpha-1 globulin 6%, alpha-2 globulin 14%, beta globulin 15%, gamma globulin 25.1%.
- Autoimmunity study: negative.
- Urine toxicity: negative.
- Tumour markers: alpha-fetoprotein and Ag CA-125: negative.
- Serology: Treponema, HCV and HIV negative.
- 24-hour urine study: urine coproporphyrins 1,771 mg/24 h, urine total porphyrins 11,552 mg/24 h, urine porphobilinogen 13.9 mg/24 h, urine uroporphyrins 9,781 mg/24 h.
- Genetic study: heterozygosis for the c.835_837delACTinsG mutation in exon 14 of the HMBS gene.
- Blood tests at discharge: - CBC: erythrocytes 3.63 M/mcl, haemoglobin 10.4 g/dl, haematocrit 31%, mean corpuscular volume 84.7 fl, mean corpuscular haemoglobin 29 pg, platelets 340 K/mcl, leukocytes 7.7 K/mcl. - Biochemistry: creatinine 0.36 mg/dl, cholesterol 224 mg/dl, triglycerides 212 mg/dl, glomerular filtration rate (MDRD) > 60 ml/min. - Ionogram: normal.
- CSF analysis: glucose 74 mg/dl; leukocytes 40/mm3 (60% mononuclear), proteins 17 mg/dl.
- Electromyogram (EMG) (initial): findings suggestive of generalised, severe, axonal-predominant polyradiculoneuropathy.
- EMG (control): findings compatible with axonal neuropathy, acute, very severe, involving all four limbs but with greater involvement of the upper limbs. Current examination suggests acute motor axonal neuropathy.
- Somatosensory evoked potentials with no signs of posterior chordal pathway involvement.
Diagnosis
The patient was admitted from another centre with suspected Guillain-Barré syndrome, having started treatment with immunoglobulins, with little clinical response. Given the picture of abdominal pain with the aforementioned analytical alterations, hypercellularity in the CSF and the results of the EMG, the study of the picture was extended by considering the possible differential diagnoses of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The autoimmunity and serology studies were negative, but in the presence of uroporphyrins in urine and with a compatible clinical picture, the patient was diagnosed with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Subsequently, the porphyria study is completed according to the recommendations of the Porphyria Unit of the reference centre, and a mutation compatible with PAI is finally determined, thus confirming the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment is started with haemin and vitamin supplements (folic acid and vitamin B12), glucose, sodium and potassium levels are strictly controlled and drugs that worsen the disease are studied in order to avoid them.
Evolution
With the administration of haemin, the patient shows a progressive symptomatic improvement. Muscle balance 53 days after admission was (right/left): neck flexor 3/3, neck extensor 3/3, deltoid 3/3, biceps 2+/2+, triceps 2-/2-, carpal extensor 3/3, carpal flexor 3/3, interosseus 2/2, psoas 4/4, quadriceps 3+/4, triceps suralis 3/3, tibialis anterior 4+/4 and plantar flexion 4/3+. Given the good evolution of the patient to the specific treatment of the diagnosed disease, it was decided to transfer her to a rehabilitation centre to continue the intensive treatment.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"20-year-old",
"female",
"patient",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"smoker",
"of",
"10",
"cigarettes",
"a",
"day",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"extrinsic",
"allergic",
"asthma",
",",
"migraine",
"with",
"aura",
",",
"recurrent",
"urinary",
"tract",
"infections",
"and",
"chronic",
"constipation",
".",
"She",
"was",
"transferred",
"from",
"another",
"centre",
"for",
"the",
"study",
"and",
"treatment",
"of",
"tetraparesis",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"with",
"hyponatraemia",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"105",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
")",
",",
"bilirubinuria",
"and",
"choluria",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"dysautonomic",
"symptoms",
"and",
"hyporeflexia",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"tachycardic",
"(",
"heart",
"rate",
"120",
"bpm",
")",
",",
"febrile",
"(",
"temperature",
"37",
"oC",
")",
",",
"peak",
"flow",
"of",
"150",
"cc",
"and",
"cardiovascular",
",",
"respiratory",
"and",
"abdominal",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"peripheral",
"facial",
"paresis",
"with",
"Bell",
"'",
"s",
"sign",
",",
"dysphagia",
",",
"generalised",
"areflexia",
"except",
"for",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"Achilles",
"reflexes",
",",
"bilateral",
"skin-plantar",
"flexor",
"reflex",
",",
"significant",
"piloerection",
"and",
"sweating",
".",
"He",
"also",
"has",
"tetraparesis",
"with",
"muscle",
"balance",
"(",
"right",
"/",
"left",
")",
":",
"deltoid",
"0",
"/",
"0",
",",
"triceps",
"0",
"/",
"1",
",",
"biceps",
"1",
"/",
"1",
",",
"carpal",
"flexor",
"0",
"/",
"2",
"+",
",",
"interosseous",
"1",
"⁄",
"2",
",",
"carpal",
"extensor",
"0",
"/",
"0",
",",
"flexor",
"digitorum",
"2",
"/",
"2",
",",
"extensor",
"digitorum",
"2",
"/",
"2",
",",
"psoas",
"3",
"-",
"/",
"4",
"+",
",",
"quadriceps",
"1",
"/",
"0",
",",
"hamstrings",
"3",
"/",
"4",
"-",
",",
"triceps",
"suralis",
"3",
"/",
"3",
"and",
"tibialis",
"anterior",
"3",
"+",
"/",
"4",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Admission",
"blood",
"tests",
".",
"CBC",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"8",
".",
"9",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"haematocrit",
"27",
"%",
",",
"MCV",
"77",
".",
"1",
"fl",
",",
"MCH",
"25",
"pg",
",",
"platelets",
"260",
"K",
"/",
"mcl",
",",
"leukocytes",
"9",
".",
"1",
"K",
"/",
"mcl",
".",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"glucose",
"88",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"urea",
"53",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"50",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"sodium",
"134",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"potassium",
"4",
".",
"6",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
".",
"Urinalysis",
":",
"positive",
"for",
"leucocytes",
"and",
"nitrites",
".",
"Urine",
"culture",
"positive",
"for",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
".",
"-",
"Control",
"laboratory",
"tests",
":",
"ESR",
"114",
"mm",
";",
"folates",
"7",
".",
"88",
",",
"cobalamins",
"1002",
".",
"-",
"Haemogram",
":",
"no",
"changes",
".",
"-",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"total",
"protein",
"6",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"GOT",
"70",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GPT",
"73",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GGT",
"45",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"FA",
"128",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
".",
"Ionogram",
":",
"no",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Proteinogram",
":",
"albumin",
"39",
".",
"9",
"%",
",",
"alpha-1",
"globulin",
"6",
"%",
",",
"alpha-2",
"globulin",
"14",
"%",
",",
"beta",
"globulin",
"15",
"%",
",",
"gamma",
"globulin",
"25",
".",
"1",
"%",
".",
"-",
"Autoimmunity",
"study",
":",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Urine",
"toxicity",
":",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Tumour",
"markers",
":",
"alpha-fetoprotein",
"and",
"Ag",
"CA-125",
":",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Serology",
":",
"Treponema",
",",
"HCV",
"and",
"HIV",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"24-hour",
"urine",
"study",
":",
"urine",
"coproporphyrins",
"1",
",",
"771",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
",",
"urine",
"total",
"porphyrins",
"11",
",",
"552",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
",",
"urine",
"porphobilinogen",
"13",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
",",
"urine",
"uroporphyrins",
"9",
",",
"781",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"h",
".",
"-",
"Genetic",
"study",
":",
"heterozygosis",
"for",
"the",
"c",
".",
"835_837delACTinsG",
"mutation",
"in",
"exon",
"14",
"of",
"the",
"HMBS",
"gene",
".",
"-",
"Blood",
"tests",
"at",
"discharge",
":",
"-",
"CBC",
":",
"erythrocytes",
"3",
".",
"63",
"M",
"/",
"mcl",
",",
"haemoglobin",
"10",
".",
"4",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"haematocrit",
"31",
"%",
",",
"mean",
"corpuscular",
"volume",
"84",
".",
"7",
"fl",
",",
"mean",
"corpuscular",
"haemoglobin",
"29",
"pg",
",",
"platelets",
"340",
"K",
"/",
"mcl",
",",
"leukocytes",
"7",
".",
"7",
"K",
"/",
"mcl",
".",
"-",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"36",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"cholesterol",
"224",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"triglycerides",
"212",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"glomerular",
"filtration",
"rate",
"(",
"MDRD",
")",
">",
"60",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
".",
"-",
"Ionogram",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"CSF",
"analysis",
":",
"glucose",
"74",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
";",
"leukocytes",
"40",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"60",
"%",
"mononuclear",
")",
",",
"proteins",
"17",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"-",
"Electromyogram",
"(",
"EMG",
")",
"(",
"initial",
")",
":",
"findings",
"suggestive",
"of",
"generalised",
",",
"severe",
",",
"axonal-predominant",
"polyradiculoneuropathy",
".",
"-",
"EMG",
"(",
"control",
")",
":",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"axonal",
"neuropathy",
",",
"acute",
",",
"very",
"severe",
",",
"involving",
"all",
"four",
"limbs",
"but",
"with",
"greater",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
".",
"Current",
"examination",
"suggests",
"acute",
"motor",
"axonal",
"neuropathy",
".",
"-",
"Somatosensory",
"evoked",
"potentials",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"posterior",
"chordal",
"pathway",
"involvement",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"from",
"another",
"centre",
"with",
"suspected",
"Guillain-Barré",
"syndrome",
",",
"having",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"immunoglobulins",
",",
"with",
"little",
"clinical",
"response",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"picture",
"of",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"with",
"the",
"aforementioned",
"analytical",
"alterations",
",",
"hypercellularity",
"in",
"the",
"CSF",
"and",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"EMG",
",",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"picture",
"was",
"extended",
"by",
"considering",
"the",
"possible",
"differential",
"diagnoses",
"of",
"Guillain-Barré",
"syndrome",
".",
"The",
"autoimmunity",
"and",
"serology",
"studies",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"but",
"in",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"uroporphyrins",
"in",
"urine",
"and",
"with",
"a",
"compatible",
"clinical",
"picture",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"acute",
"intermittent",
"porphyria",
"(",
"AIP",
")",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"porphyria",
"study",
"is",
"completed",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"recommendations",
"of",
"the",
"Porphyria",
"Unit",
"of",
"the",
"reference",
"centre",
",",
"and",
"a",
"mutation",
"compatible",
"with",
"PAI",
"is",
"finally",
"determined",
",",
"thus",
"confirming",
"the",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Treatment",
"Treatment",
"is",
"started",
"with",
"haemin",
"and",
"vitamin",
"supplements",
"(",
"folic",
"acid",
"and",
"vitamin",
"B12",
")",
",",
"glucose",
",",
"sodium",
"and",
"potassium",
"levels",
"are",
"strictly",
"controlled",
"and",
"drugs",
"that",
"worsen",
"the",
"disease",
"are",
"studied",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"avoid",
"them",
".",
"Evolution",
"With",
"the",
"administration",
"of",
"haemin",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"shows",
"a",
"progressive",
"symptomatic",
"improvement",
".",
"Muscle",
"balance",
"53",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
"was",
"(",
"right",
"/",
"left",
")",
":",
"neck",
"flexor",
"3",
"/",
"3",
",",
"neck",
"extensor",
"3",
"/",
"3",
",",
"deltoid",
"3",
"/",
"3",
",",
"biceps",
"2",
"+",
"/",
"2",
"+",
",",
"triceps",
"2",
"-",
"/",
"2",
"-",
",",
"carpal",
"extensor",
"3",
"/",
"3",
",",
"carpal",
"flexor",
"3",
"/",
"3",
",",
"interosseus",
"2",
"/",
"2",
",",
"psoas",
"4",
"/",
"4",
",",
"quadriceps",
"3",
"+",
"/",
"4",
",",
"triceps",
"suralis",
"3",
"/",
"3",
",",
"tibialis",
"anterior",
"4",
"+",
"/",
"4",
"and",
"plantar",
"flexion",
"4",
"/",
"3",
"+",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"good",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"the",
"specific",
"treatment",
"of",
"the",
"diagnosed",
"disease",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"transfer",
"her",
"to",
"a",
"rehabilitation",
"centre",
"to",
"continue",
"the",
"intensive",
"treatment",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 31,
"end": 38
},
{
"text": "female patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 38
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 486,
"end": 493
},
{
"text": "Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1529,
"end": 1545
},
{
"text": "Treponema",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2010,
"end": 2019
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2021,
"end": 2024
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2029,
"end": 2032
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3207,
"end": 3214
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3766,
"end": 3773
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4324,
"end": 4331
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4699,
"end": 4706
}
] | en |
A 42-year-old woman consulted the emergency department for the third time with a fever of up to 38-5oC, fluctuating, with no clear morning or evening predominance, for 17 days, preceded by abdominal pain for a month in the mesogastrium and epigastrium with increased bowel habit for several months, presenting diarrhoeal stools with mucus, as well as arthralgia. Ten days earlier she had started treatment with Levofloxacin without improvement. Her medical history included ex-smoking 19 packs/year for 8 years, a history of sinusitis, extrinsic rhinitis-asthma due to sensitisation to pollens. In January 2013, she was admitted to Internal Medicine for community-acquired left lower lobe pneumonia with minimal associated pleural effusion, with peripheral eosinophilia that had persisted up to the time of this consultation. Physical examination revealed pain on deep palpation of the mesogastrium with no signs of peritoneal irritation, and the rest of the examination was unremarkable. During her stay in the emergency department, urgent laboratory tests were requested, showing a CRP 111.2 mg/l; eosinophilia of 1,200 (18.5%), and she was admitted to the internal medicine ward with fever under study and eosinophilia. On arrival at the ward, the patient continued with febrile peaks, abdominal pain and diarrhoea, beginning with asthmatic decompensation. Full laboratory tests were requested from the ward, showing frank eosinophilia of 6200 (50.4%), elevated CRP of 108.7 mg/l, rheumatoid factor of 591.8 IU/mL, tumour markers (alpha-fetoprotein, CA 125, CA 15.3; CA19. 9; CEA) with CA 125 elevated 193.7 U/ml; Autoimmunity with ANAs, ENAs, ANCAs and Antiphospholipid Ac. which were normal, as well as serology for Salmonella, Brucella, Coxiella burnetii; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Rickettsia conorii all negative. Given the patient's personal history, clinical and laboratory findings, the following differential diagnoses were made: infection by parasites; haematological disease such as eosinophilic syndrome, lymphoma (Hodking, non-Hodking), leukaemia or mastocytosis; gastrointestinal disease such as eosinophilic gastroenteritis and Churg-Strauss disease. To continue the study, an IgE determination was requested, which was 325, a peripheral blood smear showed absolute eosinophilia, with no atypical cells; a stool study was carried out, which ruled out the presence of parasites. Simultaneously, a CT scan of the sinuses-thorax-abdomen was requested, which showed sinupathy, small pericardial effusion, left pleural effusion with lower lobe atelectasis and colitis with a moderate amount of free abdominal fluid. To complete the study, invasive tests such as paracentesis, gastro-colonsoccopy and nasofibroscopy were performed, from which samples were obtained for both microbiology and pathological anatomy. While the study was being carried out, the patient began treatment with corticotherapy and antibiotic coverage with Ceftriaxone, with improvement of the digestive symptoms and pleural effusion. The microbiology results were obtained and ruled out the presence of pathogens in the samples received; however, the pathological anatomy confirmed the presence of eosinophils in all the samples received. The results of the differential diagnoses ruled out the presence of parasitosis and haematological disease. The presence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was confirmed, which, together with the patient's personal history, strengthened the diagnosis of Churg Strauss disease, which according to the ACR criteria:
- Asthma.
- Eosinophilia greater than 10% in the differential white blood cell count.
- Development of mono-polyneuropathy or multiple mononeuropathy (glove/sock distribution) attributable to systemic vasculitis.
- Migratory or transient pulmonary infiltrates on Rx (not including fixed infiltrates) attributable to systemic vasculitis.
- Sinus abnormality: History of acute or chronic paranasal pain or hypersensitivity to touch or radiological sinus opacification.
- Extravascular eosinophilia. Biopsy including arteries, arterioles or venules showing accumulation of eosinophils in extravascular areas.
- Of which the patient fulfilled 5 of the 6 criteria, so after clinical improvement the patient was discharged with the following diagnosis:
- Churg-Strauss disease in eosinophilic phase.
- She continued treatment with Dacortin 30mg daily with a gradual decrease to 20 mg, which was maintained.
- The patient continues with check-ups and recently started treatment with immurel for asthmatic exacerbations and abdominal pain.
| [
"A",
"42-year-old",
"woman",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"the",
"third",
"time",
"with",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"38-5oC",
",",
"fluctuating",
",",
"with",
"no",
"clear",
"morning",
"or",
"evening",
"predominance",
",",
"for",
"17",
"days",
",",
"preceded",
"by",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"for",
"a",
"month",
"in",
"the",
"mesogastrium",
"and",
"epigastrium",
"with",
"increased",
"bowel",
"habit",
"for",
"several",
"months",
",",
"presenting",
"diarrhoeal",
"stools",
"with",
"mucus",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"arthralgia",
".",
"Ten",
"days",
"earlier",
"she",
"had",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"Levofloxacin",
"without",
"improvement",
".",
"Her",
"medical",
"history",
"included",
"ex-smoking",
"19",
"packs",
"/",
"year",
"for",
"8",
"years",
",",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"sinusitis",
",",
"extrinsic",
"rhinitis-asthma",
"due",
"to",
"sensitisation",
"to",
"pollens",
".",
"In",
"January",
"2013",
",",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"for",
"community-acquired",
"left",
"lower",
"lobe",
"pneumonia",
"with",
"minimal",
"associated",
"pleural",
"effusion",
",",
"with",
"peripheral",
"eosinophilia",
"that",
"had",
"persisted",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"this",
"consultation",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"pain",
"on",
"deep",
"palpation",
"of",
"the",
"mesogastrium",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
",",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
".",
"During",
"her",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"urgent",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"CRP",
"111",
".",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
";",
"eosinophilia",
"of",
"1",
",",
"200",
"(",
"18",
".",
"5",
"%",
")",
",",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"internal",
"medicine",
"ward",
"with",
"fever",
"under",
"study",
"and",
"eosinophilia",
".",
"On",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"ward",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"continued",
"with",
"febrile",
"peaks",
",",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"and",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"beginning",
"with",
"asthmatic",
"decompensation",
".",
"Full",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"were",
"requested",
"from",
"the",
"ward",
",",
"showing",
"frank",
"eosinophilia",
"of",
"6200",
"(",
"50",
".",
"4",
"%",
")",
",",
"elevated",
"CRP",
"of",
"108",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
",",
"rheumatoid",
"factor",
"of",
"591",
".",
"8",
"IU",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"tumour",
"markers",
"(",
"alpha-fetoprotein",
",",
"CA",
"125",
",",
"CA",
"15",
".",
"3",
";",
"CA19",
".",
"9",
";",
"CEA",
")",
"with",
"CA",
"125",
"elevated",
"193",
".",
"7",
"U",
"/",
"ml",
";",
"Autoimmunity",
"with",
"ANAs",
",",
"ENAs",
",",
"ANCAs",
"and",
"Antiphospholipid",
"Ac",
".",
"which",
"were",
"normal",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"serology",
"for",
"Salmonella",
",",
"Brucella",
",",
"Coxiella",
"burnetii",
";",
"Mycoplasma",
"pneumoniae",
";",
"Rickettsia",
"conorii",
"all",
"negative",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"personal",
"history",
",",
"clinical",
"and",
"laboratory",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"following",
"differential",
"diagnoses",
"were",
"made",
":",
"infection",
"by",
"parasites",
";",
"haematological",
"disease",
"such",
"as",
"eosinophilic",
"syndrome",
",",
"lymphoma",
"(",
"Hodking",
",",
"non-Hodking",
")",
",",
"leukaemia",
"or",
"mastocytosis",
";",
"gastrointestinal",
"disease",
"such",
"as",
"eosinophilic",
"gastroenteritis",
"and",
"Churg-Strauss",
"disease",
".",
"To",
"continue",
"the",
"study",
",",
"an",
"IgE",
"determination",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"was",
"325",
",",
"a",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"smear",
"showed",
"absolute",
"eosinophilia",
",",
"with",
"no",
"atypical",
"cells",
";",
"a",
"stool",
"study",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"which",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"parasites",
".",
"Simultaneously",
",",
"a",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"sinuses-thorax-abdomen",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"sinupathy",
",",
"small",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
",",
"left",
"pleural",
"effusion",
"with",
"lower",
"lobe",
"atelectasis",
"and",
"colitis",
"with",
"a",
"moderate",
"amount",
"of",
"free",
"abdominal",
"fluid",
".",
"To",
"complete",
"the",
"study",
",",
"invasive",
"tests",
"such",
"as",
"paracentesis",
",",
"gastro-colonsoccopy",
"and",
"nasofibroscopy",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"from",
"which",
"samples",
"were",
"obtained",
"for",
"both",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathological",
"anatomy",
".",
"While",
"the",
"study",
"was",
"being",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"treatment",
"with",
"corticotherapy",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"coverage",
"with",
"Ceftriaxone",
",",
"with",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"digestive",
"symptoms",
"and",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"The",
"microbiology",
"results",
"were",
"obtained",
"and",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"pathogens",
"in",
"the",
"samples",
"received",
";",
"however",
",",
"the",
"pathological",
"anatomy",
"confirmed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"eosinophils",
"in",
"all",
"the",
"samples",
"received",
".",
"The",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnoses",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"parasitosis",
"and",
"haematological",
"disease",
".",
"The",
"presence",
"of",
"eosinophilic",
"gastroenteritis",
"was",
"confirmed",
",",
"which",
",",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"personal",
"history",
",",
"strengthened",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"Churg",
"Strauss",
"disease",
",",
"which",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"ACR",
"criteria",
":",
"-",
"Asthma",
".",
"-",
"Eosinophilia",
"greater",
"than",
"10",
"%",
"in",
"the",
"differential",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
".",
"-",
"Development",
"of",
"mono-polyneuropathy",
"or",
"multiple",
"mononeuropathy",
"(",
"glove",
"/",
"sock",
"distribution",
")",
"attributable",
"to",
"systemic",
"vasculitis",
".",
"-",
"Migratory",
"or",
"transient",
"pulmonary",
"infiltrates",
"on",
"Rx",
"(",
"not",
"including",
"fixed",
"infiltrates",
")",
"attributable",
"to",
"systemic",
"vasculitis",
".",
"-",
"Sinus",
"abnormality",
":",
"History",
"of",
"acute",
"or",
"chronic",
"paranasal",
"pain",
"or",
"hypersensitivity",
"to",
"touch",
"or",
"radiological",
"sinus",
"opacification",
".",
"-",
"Extravascular",
"eosinophilia",
".",
"Biopsy",
"including",
"arteries",
",",
"arterioles",
"or",
"venules",
"showing",
"accumulation",
"of",
"eosinophils",
"in",
"extravascular",
"areas",
".",
"-",
"Of",
"which",
"the",
"patient",
"fulfilled",
"5",
"of",
"the",
"6",
"criteria",
",",
"so",
"after",
"clinical",
"improvement",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"the",
"following",
"diagnosis",
":",
"-",
"Churg-Strauss",
"disease",
"in",
"eosinophilic",
"phase",
".",
"-",
"She",
"continued",
"treatment",
"with",
"Dacortin",
"30mg",
"daily",
"with",
"a",
"gradual",
"decrease",
"to",
"20",
"mg",
",",
"which",
"was",
"maintained",
".",
"-",
"The",
"patient",
"continues",
"with",
"check-ups",
"and",
"recently",
"started",
"treatment",
"with",
"immurel",
"for",
"asthmatic",
"exacerbations",
"and",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1733,
"end": 1741
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1743,
"end": 1760
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1762,
"end": 1783
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1951,
"end": 1960
},
{
"text": "parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2381,
"end": 2390
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia conorii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1785,
"end": 1803
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1721,
"end": 1731
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1251,
"end": 1258
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1828,
"end": 1835
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2864,
"end": 2871
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3413,
"end": 3420
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1838,
"end": 1846
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3423,
"end": 3431
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4152,
"end": 4159
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4225,
"end": 4232
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4438,
"end": 4445
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
In this case, we are dealing with a 63-year-old female patient from Badajoz. Her personal history includes a sister who underwent breast cancer surgery at the age of 40 (currently undergoing check-ups) and a sister who died of a brain tumour at the age of 34. As for her personal history, she suffers from chronic bronchitis. She does not have high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia or diabetes mellitus. Finally, she is a smoker with an accumulated rate of 40 packs per year, and does not have an alcohol habit.
Her oncological symptomatology began with a cough of one month's evolution, associated with intense asthenia and dyspnoea on minimal exertion in the last week, together with progressive oedema in the lower extremities. In the emergency department, she presented progressive arterial hypotension, and severe pericardial effusion was observed, for which she was transferred to the ICU. During her stay in the ICU, emergency pericardiocentesis was performed (> 1l, haemorrhagic, with seropurulent appearance). Empirical antibiotic treatment was started, and she remained respiratory and haemodynamically stable (during admission she presented acute renal failure and community pneumonia which resolved).
Physical examination
During the physical examination, there were no notable findings.
Complementary tests
Chest X-ray in the Emergency Department showed an increase in the cardiopericardial silhouette compatible with the pericardial effusion described, as well as findings compatible with bronchopneumonia in LM and LID.
During his admission to the ICU, in order to identify the cause of the pericardial effusion, tests were carried out to screen for rheumatic diseases, connective tissue diseases and serologies, all of which were normal. A body CT scan was also performed, which revealed stage IV lung neoplasia, the presence of PTE, renal infarcts and bilateral adrenal nodules (CT of the adrenal glands without diagnostic criteria for adenoma).
Pericardial fluid was analysed, with cytology suggestive of adenocarcinoma, which, being positive for TTF-1, suggested a pulmonary primary.
Diagnosis
We therefore found stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (positive pericardial effusion and bilateral adrenal nodules), EGFR-native. It was decided to start treatment according to the carboplatin + pemetrexed scheme with the intention of completing 3 cycles and assessing the response by CT scan.
Treatment
Treatment started on 1/12/16 with carboplatin + pemetrexed, completing 3 cycles, until 16/1/17, with adrenal progression. The study was completed with PDL-1 and ALK samples, and at the end of the study the lung adenocarcinoma was EIV EGF-R and ALK negative and PDL-1 positive. Treatment with nivolumab was started on 27/2/17, of which she received 4 cycles (pending CT scan to assess response after 6 cycles).
In consultations, urgent brain CT scan was requested due to persistent feeling of asthenia and dizziness, where multiple brain metastases with perilesional oedema were diagnosed on 8/3/17. She received holocranial RT (20 Gy in 5 fractions), which was completed on 29/3/17, with good tolerance and clinical improvement.
Evolution
On 23 April 2017, she was admitted to the Medical Oncology Department for dysthermic sensation and shivering, with fever of up to 39oC on 21/4/17. He started empirical antibiotic therapy with levofloxacin, with persistent febrile peaks and progressive dyspnoea until minimal effort. She reported no other associated symptoms, with a physical examination with no relevant findings and normal blood tests, with no altered acute phase reactants. The chest X-ray showed a diffuse interstitial pattern, with a differential diagnosis of infectious pathology due to atypical germs vs. pharmacological toxicity (less likely pulmonary oedema or carcinomatous lymphangitis).
On admission, empirical broad-spectrum treatment was started with ceftriaxone and levofloxacin. A chest CT scan was performed, which showed an image compatible with Pneumocystis jirovecii infection as the first option, bilateral pneumothorax and acute thromboembolism with a low thromboembolic load. Given these findings, cotrimoxazole was associated with levofloxacin treatment and systemic corticotherapy was prescribed due to suspicion of Pneumocystis infection (the patient was kept on anticoagulation due to previous PTE).
Assessment by the Respiratory Department was requested, which requested bronchoscopy for culture, but this was cancelled due to clinical worsening of the patient, with respiratory failure (chest tube placement was ruled out due to the small amount of bilateral pneumothorax and conservative management was decided). Sputum culture on 5/5/17 showed coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Candida albicans (few colonies), with Legionella and negative Pneumocystis jirovecii.
During admission, he presented intolerance to cotrimoxazole, with incoercible vomiting despite antiemetics and metabolic acidosis (later corrected with bicarbonate). It was decided to discontinue treatment with cotrimoxazole and start oral atovaquone, with improved tolerance.
Despite this, the patient presented progressive worsening from the respiratory point of view, with the need for a progressive increase in O2 supply.
A control chest X-ray showed pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax, so antibiotic treatment was started with Tazocel® and atovaquone, with no clinical improvement.
It was decided to start morphine chloride to control the sensation of dyspnoea and, given the subsequent poor clinical evolution, it was decided to discontinue support treatment and start sedation for symptom control, with death on 12/5/2017.
We are awaiting the autopsy.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"In",
"this",
"case",
",",
"we",
"are",
"dealing",
"with",
"a",
"63-year-old",
"female",
"patient",
"from",
"Badajoz",
".",
"Her",
"personal",
"history",
"includes",
"a",
"sister",
"who",
"underwent",
"breast",
"cancer",
"surgery",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"40",
"(",
"currently",
"undergoing",
"check-ups",
")",
"and",
"a",
"sister",
"who",
"died",
"of",
"a",
"brain",
"tumour",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"34",
".",
"As",
"for",
"her",
"personal",
"history",
",",
"she",
"suffers",
"from",
"chronic",
"bronchitis",
".",
"She",
"does",
"not",
"have",
"high",
"blood",
"pressure",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
"or",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"she",
"is",
"a",
"smoker",
"with",
"an",
"accumulated",
"rate",
"of",
"40",
"packs",
"per",
"year",
",",
"and",
"does",
"not",
"have",
"an",
"alcohol",
"habit",
".",
"Her",
"oncological",
"symptomatology",
"began",
"with",
"a",
"cough",
"of",
"one",
"month",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"intense",
"asthenia",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
"on",
"minimal",
"exertion",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"week",
",",
"together",
"with",
"progressive",
"oedema",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"extremities",
".",
"In",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"progressive",
"arterial",
"hypotension",
",",
"and",
"severe",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
".",
"During",
"her",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"emergency",
"pericardiocentesis",
"was",
"performed",
"(",
">",
"1l",
",",
"haemorrhagic",
",",
"with",
"seropurulent",
"appearance",
")",
".",
"Empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
",",
"and",
"she",
"remained",
"respiratory",
"and",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"(",
"during",
"admission",
"she",
"presented",
"acute",
"renal",
"failure",
"and",
"community",
"pneumonia",
"which",
"resolved",
")",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"During",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"there",
"were",
"no",
"notable",
"findings",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"in",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"showed",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"cardiopericardial",
"silhouette",
"compatible",
"with",
"the",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"described",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"bronchopneumonia",
"in",
"LM",
"and",
"LID",
".",
"During",
"his",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"identify",
"the",
"cause",
"of",
"the",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
",",
"tests",
"were",
"carried",
"out",
"to",
"screen",
"for",
"rheumatic",
"diseases",
",",
"connective",
"tissue",
"diseases",
"and",
"serologies",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"A",
"body",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"also",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"stage",
"IV",
"lung",
"neoplasia",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"PTE",
",",
"renal",
"infarcts",
"and",
"bilateral",
"adrenal",
"nodules",
"(",
"CT",
"of",
"the",
"adrenal",
"glands",
"without",
"diagnostic",
"criteria",
"for",
"adenoma",
")",
".",
"Pericardial",
"fluid",
"was",
"analysed",
",",
"with",
"cytology",
"suggestive",
"of",
"adenocarcinoma",
",",
"which",
",",
"being",
"positive",
"for",
"TTF-1",
",",
"suggested",
"a",
"pulmonary",
"primary",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"We",
"therefore",
"found",
"stage",
"IV",
"lung",
"adenocarcinoma",
"(",
"positive",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"and",
"bilateral",
"adrenal",
"nodules",
")",
",",
"EGFR-native",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"treatment",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"carboplatin",
"+",
"pemetrexed",
"scheme",
"with",
"the",
"intention",
"of",
"completing",
"3",
"cycles",
"and",
"assessing",
"the",
"response",
"by",
"CT",
"scan",
".",
"Treatment",
"Treatment",
"started",
"on",
"1",
"/",
"12",
"/",
"16",
"with",
"carboplatin",
"+",
"pemetrexed",
",",
"completing",
"3",
"cycles",
",",
"until",
"16",
"/",
"1",
"/",
"17",
",",
"with",
"adrenal",
"progression",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"PDL-1",
"and",
"ALK",
"samples",
",",
"and",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"study",
"the",
"lung",
"adenocarcinoma",
"was",
"EIV",
"EGF-R",
"and",
"ALK",
"negative",
"and",
"PDL-1",
"positive",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"nivolumab",
"was",
"started",
"on",
"27",
"/",
"2",
"/",
"17",
",",
"of",
"which",
"she",
"received",
"4",
"cycles",
"(",
"pending",
"CT",
"scan",
"to",
"assess",
"response",
"after",
"6",
"cycles",
")",
".",
"In",
"consultations",
",",
"urgent",
"brain",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"requested",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"feeling",
"of",
"asthenia",
"and",
"dizziness",
",",
"where",
"multiple",
"brain",
"metastases",
"with",
"perilesional",
"oedema",
"were",
"diagnosed",
"on",
"8",
"/",
"3",
"/",
"17",
".",
"She",
"received",
"holocranial",
"RT",
"(",
"20",
"Gy",
"in",
"5",
"fractions",
")",
",",
"which",
"was",
"completed",
"on",
"29",
"/",
"3",
"/",
"17",
",",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
"and",
"clinical",
"improvement",
".",
"Evolution",
"On",
"23",
"April",
"2017",
",",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Medical",
"Oncology",
"Department",
"for",
"dysthermic",
"sensation",
"and",
"shivering",
",",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"on",
"21",
"/",
"4",
"/",
"17",
".",
"He",
"started",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
",",
"with",
"persistent",
"febrile",
"peaks",
"and",
"progressive",
"dyspnoea",
"until",
"minimal",
"effort",
".",
"She",
"reported",
"no",
"other",
"associated",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"a",
"physical",
"examination",
"with",
"no",
"relevant",
"findings",
"and",
"normal",
"blood",
"tests",
",",
"with",
"no",
"altered",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
".",
"The",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"a",
"diffuse",
"interstitial",
"pattern",
",",
"with",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"infectious",
"pathology",
"due",
"to",
"atypical",
"germs",
"vs",
".",
"pharmacological",
"toxicity",
"(",
"less",
"likely",
"pulmonary",
"oedema",
"or",
"carcinomatous",
"lymphangitis",
")",
".",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"empirical",
"broad-spectrum",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"levofloxacin",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"an",
"image",
"compatible",
"with",
"Pneumocystis",
"jirovecii",
"infection",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"option",
",",
"bilateral",
"pneumothorax",
"and",
"acute",
"thromboembolism",
"with",
"a",
"low",
"thromboembolic",
"load",
".",
"Given",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"cotrimoxazole",
"was",
"associated",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
"treatment",
"and",
"systemic",
"corticotherapy",
"was",
"prescribed",
"due",
"to",
"suspicion",
"of",
"Pneumocystis",
"infection",
"(",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"kept",
"on",
"anticoagulation",
"due",
"to",
"previous",
"PTE",
")",
".",
"Assessment",
"by",
"the",
"Respiratory",
"Department",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"requested",
"bronchoscopy",
"for",
"culture",
",",
"but",
"this",
"was",
"cancelled",
"due",
"to",
"clinical",
"worsening",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"with",
"respiratory",
"failure",
"(",
"chest",
"tube",
"placement",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"small",
"amount",
"of",
"bilateral",
"pneumothorax",
"and",
"conservative",
"management",
"was",
"decided",
")",
".",
"Sputum",
"culture",
"on",
"5",
"/",
"5",
"/",
"17",
"showed",
"coagulase-negative",
"Staphylococcus",
",",
"Candida",
"albicans",
"(",
"few",
"colonies",
")",
",",
"with",
"Legionella",
"and",
"negative",
"Pneumocystis",
"jirovecii",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"intolerance",
"to",
"cotrimoxazole",
",",
"with",
"incoercible",
"vomiting",
"despite",
"antiemetics",
"and",
"metabolic",
"acidosis",
"(",
"later",
"corrected",
"with",
"bicarbonate",
")",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"discontinue",
"treatment",
"with",
"cotrimoxazole",
"and",
"start",
"oral",
"atovaquone",
",",
"with",
"improved",
"tolerance",
".",
"Despite",
"this",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"progressive",
"worsening",
"from",
"the",
"respiratory",
"point",
"of",
"view",
",",
"with",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"a",
"progressive",
"increase",
"in",
"O2",
"supply",
".",
"A",
"control",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"pneumomediastinum",
"with",
"subcutaneous",
"emphysema",
"and",
"pneumothorax",
",",
"so",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"Tazocel",
"®",
"and",
"atovaquone",
",",
"with",
"no",
"clinical",
"improvement",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"morphine",
"chloride",
"to",
"control",
"the",
"sensation",
"of",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
",",
"given",
"the",
"subsequent",
"poor",
"clinical",
"evolution",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"discontinue",
"support",
"treatment",
"and",
"start",
"sedation",
"for",
"symptom",
"control",
",",
"with",
"death",
"on",
"12",
"/",
"5",
"/",
"2017",
".",
"We",
"are",
"awaiting",
"the",
"autopsy",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "sister",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 119,
"end": 125
},
{
"text": "sister",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 218,
"end": 224
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 65,
"end": 72
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 91,
"end": 99
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 281,
"end": 289
},
{
"text": "atypical germs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3720,
"end": 3734
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3991,
"end": 4003
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4268,
"end": 4280
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis jirovecii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3991,
"end": 4013
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4296,
"end": 4303
},
{
"text": "Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4737,
"end": 4753
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4775,
"end": 4785
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4799,
"end": 4811
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis jirovecii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4799,
"end": 4821
},
{
"text": "colonies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4759,
"end": 4767
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4508,
"end": 4515
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5118,
"end": 5125
}
] | en |
65-year-old female ex-smoker, without an alcohol habit, with a history of multilobar pneumonia in August 2013 due to S. maltophilia, under treatment with calcium and vitamin D due to osteopenia, who started follow-up in November 2014 due to thrombopenia and splenomegaly of chronic course. Physical examination revealed a palpable splenic pole 4 cm below the costal margin, with no other findings. Laboratory tests showed Hb 17.3 g/dl, platelets 63000/ul (88000 by manual count), leukocytes 3500/ul, peripheral blood smear with no findings, biochemistry with iron profile, thyroid hormones, alpha-1-antitrypsin and cupremia normal, hypogammaglobulinaemia (gamma band 7. 8%), beta-2-microglobulin 2 mg/l; HIV, HBV, HCV, HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, toxoplasma, syphilis, Leishmania antigenuria and autoimmunity negative. An abdominal CT scan showed splenomegaly measuring 15 cm and hepatomegaly with a right hepatic lobe measuring 18 cm in longitudinal diameter, with a normal Doppler study. In May 2015, the patient was admitted for left basal pneumonia without microbiological isolation, and subsequently continued outpatient studies. Electrophoretic profile showed persistent hypogammaglobulinaemia (gamma band 6.8%) at the expense of Ig G and Ig A, associated with CD4 lymphopenia and mild B lymphocytosis, with adequate immunovaccinal response, negative Gaucher test, normal faecal alpha-1-antitrypsin. The patient remained asymptomatic, with no semiological or analytical changes until March 2016, when she consulted for pain in the left hypochondrium that had begun in the previous 4 days, radiating to the ipsilateral scapula, without constitutional symptoms or B symptoms, with evidence of massive splenomegaly that crossed the midline and reached up to 4 cm above the left iliac crest. Laboratory tests showed Hb 10.3 g/dl, platelets 56000/ul, leukocytes 2500/ul, LDH 350 U/l, beta-2-microglobulin 6.8 mg/l, gamma band 5.7%, negative direct polyspecific Coombs, smear and immunophenotype of peripheral blood with no findings. Bone marrow biopsy and thoracic-abdominal-pelvic CT scan showed splenomegaly measuring 23x19x10 cm with incipient subcapsular perfusion defect. The PET-CT scan showed increased metabolic activity in a diffuse manner in the spleen and supra- and infradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathies. A diagnostic-therapeutic splenectomy was performed, obtaining a splenectomy specimen of 2870 g, 24x20x8 cm, with red and white pulp infiltrated by lymphocytes with immunochemistry compatible with low-grade B lymphoma, congruent with bone marrow histology.
| [
"65-year-old",
"female",
"ex-smoker",
",",
"without",
"an",
"alcohol",
"habit",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"multilobar",
"pneumonia",
"in",
"August",
"2013",
"due",
"to",
"S",
".",
"maltophilia",
",",
"under",
"treatment",
"with",
"calcium",
"and",
"vitamin",
"D",
"due",
"to",
"osteopenia",
",",
"who",
"started",
"follow-up",
"in",
"November",
"2014",
"due",
"to",
"thrombopenia",
"and",
"splenomegaly",
"of",
"chronic",
"course",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"palpable",
"splenic",
"pole",
"4",
"cm",
"below",
"the",
"costal",
"margin",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"findings",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"Hb",
"17",
".",
"3",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"platelets",
"63000",
"/",
"ul",
"(",
"88000",
"by",
"manual",
"count",
")",
",",
"leukocytes",
"3500",
"/",
"ul",
",",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"smear",
"with",
"no",
"findings",
",",
"biochemistry",
"with",
"iron",
"profile",
",",
"thyroid",
"hormones",
",",
"alpha-1-antitrypsin",
"and",
"cupremia",
"normal",
",",
"hypogammaglobulinaemia",
"(",
"gamma",
"band",
"7",
".",
"8",
"%",
")",
",",
"beta-2-microglobulin",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
";",
"HIV",
",",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"HSV",
",",
"VZV",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"EBV",
",",
"toxoplasma",
",",
"syphilis",
",",
"Leishmania",
"antigenuria",
"and",
"autoimmunity",
"negative",
".",
"An",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"splenomegaly",
"measuring",
"15",
"cm",
"and",
"hepatomegaly",
"with",
"a",
"right",
"hepatic",
"lobe",
"measuring",
"18",
"cm",
"in",
"longitudinal",
"diameter",
",",
"with",
"a",
"normal",
"Doppler",
"study",
".",
"In",
"May",
"2015",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"left",
"basal",
"pneumonia",
"without",
"microbiological",
"isolation",
",",
"and",
"subsequently",
"continued",
"outpatient",
"studies",
".",
"Electrophoretic",
"profile",
"showed",
"persistent",
"hypogammaglobulinaemia",
"(",
"gamma",
"band",
"6",
".",
"8",
"%",
")",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"Ig",
"G",
"and",
"Ig",
"A",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"CD4",
"lymphopenia",
"and",
"mild",
"B",
"lymphocytosis",
",",
"with",
"adequate",
"immunovaccinal",
"response",
",",
"negative",
"Gaucher",
"test",
",",
"normal",
"faecal",
"alpha-1-antitrypsin",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
",",
"with",
"no",
"semiological",
"or",
"analytical",
"changes",
"until",
"March",
"2016",
",",
"when",
"she",
"consulted",
"for",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hypochondrium",
"that",
"had",
"begun",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"4",
"days",
",",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"ipsilateral",
"scapula",
",",
"without",
"constitutional",
"symptoms",
"or",
"B",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"evidence",
"of",
"massive",
"splenomegaly",
"that",
"crossed",
"the",
"midline",
"and",
"reached",
"up",
"to",
"4",
"cm",
"above",
"the",
"left",
"iliac",
"crest",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"Hb",
"10",
".",
"3",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"platelets",
"56000",
"/",
"ul",
",",
"leukocytes",
"2500",
"/",
"ul",
",",
"LDH",
"350",
"U",
"/",
"l",
",",
"beta-2-microglobulin",
"6",
".",
"8",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
",",
"gamma",
"band",
"5",
".",
"7",
"%",
",",
"negative",
"direct",
"polyspecific",
"Coombs",
",",
"smear",
"and",
"immunophenotype",
"of",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"with",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"Bone",
"marrow",
"biopsy",
"and",
"thoracic-abdominal-pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"splenomegaly",
"measuring",
"23x19x10",
"cm",
"with",
"incipient",
"subcapsular",
"perfusion",
"defect",
".",
"The",
"PET-CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"increased",
"metabolic",
"activity",
"in",
"a",
"diffuse",
"manner",
"in",
"the",
"spleen",
"and",
"supra",
"-",
"and",
"infradiaphragmatic",
"lymphadenopathies",
".",
"A",
"diagnostic-therapeutic",
"splenectomy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"obtaining",
"a",
"splenectomy",
"specimen",
"of",
"2870",
"g",
",",
"24x20x8",
"cm",
",",
"with",
"red",
"and",
"white",
"pulp",
"infiltrated",
"by",
"lymphocytes",
"with",
"immunochemistry",
"compatible",
"with",
"low-grade",
"B",
"lymphoma",
",",
"congruent",
"with",
"bone",
"marrow",
"histology",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 729,
"end": 732
},
{
"text": "female",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 734,
"end": 737
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 709,
"end": 712
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 714,
"end": 717
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 719,
"end": 722
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 704,
"end": 707
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 724,
"end": 727
},
{
"text": "Leishmania",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 761,
"end": 771
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 999,
"end": 1006
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1402,
"end": 1409
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 751,
"end": 759
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 739,
"end": 749
},
{
"text": "S. maltophilia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 117,
"end": 131
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
42-year-old woman. Cellist by profession, with a personal history of hysterectomy plus double adnexectomy, due to endometriosis, in 2008 and diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in 1997, on treatment with interferon beta 1a 44 mg, paroxetine, bromazepam, doxylamine succinate and oral contraceptives. She does not use herbal products. The patient came to the Emergency Department with severe abdominal pain and vomiting, which had been present for 2 days. For the previous 15 days the patient reported a feeling of gastric heaviness, nausea and asthenia. She did not report any drug use. One month earlier, her dose of interferon beta 1b had been increased from 22 mg to 44 mg, after presenting with a clinical picture compatible with a multiple sclerosis brain stem flare, which was treated with 5 boluses of 1 g of intravenous methylprednisolone.
Physical examination
Normal blood pressure, afebrile (36.8 oC), mild mucocutaneous dehydration and icteric sclerae. Cardiopulmonary auscultation normal. Abdomen globular, painful on palpation in the right upper quadrant. Palpation of the hepatic border, painful, 2 cm below the costal margin. Peripheral pulses preserved. No oedema or signs of chronic venous insufficiency.
Neurological examination: mild tactile hypoaesthesia in the left extremities and exalted osteotendinous reflexes, left extensor cutaneous-plantar reflex. No other focality (EDSS 1.5).
Complementary tests
- Blood tests: elevated serum transaminases (GOT/GPT 625 IU/l/1,055 IU/l, GGT 471 IU/l, LDH 628 IU/l) and total bilirubin 2.7 mg/100 ml (direct 1.3 mg/100 ml, indirect 0.8 mg/100 ml). The haemogram showed 11,300 leukocytes with 70% neutrophils, platelets 450,000. ESR 53 mm. Iron profile without alterations or other relevant findings.
- Serology: HAV, HBV and HCV negative. CMV and EBV negative.
- Immunological study: ANA, SMA, anti-LKM1, pANCA, anti-LC1 and AMA negative.
- Genetic study: negative for mutations in the HFE gene of hereditary haemochromatosis.
- Abdominal ultrasound: enlarged liver, patchy hyperechogenicity. No free fluid in the abdominal cavity.
- Liver biopsy: necrosis and portal and periportal inflammation, with interphase hepatitis, with minimal fibrosis. Inconclusive.
Diagnosis
Grade 4 acute hepatitis secondary to hepatotoxicity due to interferon beta.
Treatment
Withdrawal of previous treatment. Prednisone 60 mg per day intravenously for 5 days and then orally, gradually reducing the dose over 6 weeks until withdrawal.
Evolution
The patient was admitted to the Digestive Department. All the treatment she had been taking up to that time was withdrawn and high-dose corticotherapy (1 mg/kg/day) was started intravenously. There was a progressive clinical improvement in the patient's condition. A control blood test one week later showed a marked decrease in transaminase levels (GOT/GPT 225 IU/l/398 IU/l, GGT 240 IU/l) and normalisation of these levels 15 days later. One month later, the patient remained asymptomatic, with no new complications, so it was decided to resume disease-modulating treatment for multiple sclerosis with glatiramer acetate.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"42-year-old",
"woman",
".",
"Cellist",
"by",
"profession",
",",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"hysterectomy",
"plus",
"double",
"adnexectomy",
",",
"due",
"to",
"endometriosis",
",",
"in",
"2008",
"and",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"relapsing",
"remitting",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"(",
"RRMS",
")",
"in",
"1997",
",",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"interferon",
"beta",
"1a",
"44",
"mg",
",",
"paroxetine",
",",
"bromazepam",
",",
"doxylamine",
"succinate",
"and",
"oral",
"contraceptives",
".",
"She",
"does",
"not",
"use",
"herbal",
"products",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"with",
"severe",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"and",
"vomiting",
",",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"present",
"for",
"2",
"days",
".",
"For",
"the",
"previous",
"15",
"days",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"gastric",
"heaviness",
",",
"nausea",
"and",
"asthenia",
".",
"She",
"did",
"not",
"report",
"any",
"drug",
"use",
".",
"One",
"month",
"earlier",
",",
"her",
"dose",
"of",
"interferon",
"beta",
"1b",
"had",
"been",
"increased",
"from",
"22",
"mg",
"to",
"44",
"mg",
",",
"after",
"presenting",
"with",
"a",
"clinical",
"picture",
"compatible",
"with",
"a",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"brain",
"stem",
"flare",
",",
"which",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"5",
"boluses",
"of",
"1",
"g",
"of",
"intravenous",
"methylprednisolone",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Normal",
"blood",
"pressure",
",",
"afebrile",
"(",
"36",
".",
"8",
"oC",
")",
",",
"mild",
"mucocutaneous",
"dehydration",
"and",
"icteric",
"sclerae",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"normal",
".",
"Abdomen",
"globular",
",",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"quadrant",
".",
"Palpation",
"of",
"the",
"hepatic",
"border",
",",
"painful",
",",
"2",
"cm",
"below",
"the",
"costal",
"margin",
".",
"Peripheral",
"pulses",
"preserved",
".",
"No",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"chronic",
"venous",
"insufficiency",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
":",
"mild",
"tactile",
"hypoaesthesia",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"extremities",
"and",
"exalted",
"osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
",",
"left",
"extensor",
"cutaneous-plantar",
"reflex",
".",
"No",
"other",
"focality",
"(",
"EDSS",
"1",
".",
"5",
")",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Blood",
"tests",
":",
"elevated",
"serum",
"transaminases",
"(",
"GOT",
"/",
"GPT",
"625",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
"/",
"1",
",",
"055",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GGT",
"471",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"LDH",
"628",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
")",
"and",
"total",
"bilirubin",
"2",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"100",
"ml",
"(",
"direct",
"1",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"100",
"ml",
",",
"indirect",
"0",
".",
"8",
"mg",
"/",
"100",
"ml",
")",
".",
"The",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"11",
",",
"300",
"leukocytes",
"with",
"70",
"%",
"neutrophils",
",",
"platelets",
"450",
",",
"000",
".",
"ESR",
"53",
"mm",
".",
"Iron",
"profile",
"without",
"alterations",
"or",
"other",
"relevant",
"findings",
".",
"-",
"Serology",
":",
"HAV",
",",
"HBV",
"and",
"HCV",
"negative",
".",
"CMV",
"and",
"EBV",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Immunological",
"study",
":",
"ANA",
",",
"SMA",
",",
"anti-LKM1",
",",
"pANCA",
",",
"anti-LC1",
"and",
"AMA",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Genetic",
"study",
":",
"negative",
"for",
"mutations",
"in",
"the",
"HFE",
"gene",
"of",
"hereditary",
"haemochromatosis",
".",
"-",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
":",
"enlarged",
"liver",
",",
"patchy",
"hyperechogenicity",
".",
"No",
"free",
"fluid",
"in",
"the",
"abdominal",
"cavity",
".",
"-",
"Liver",
"biopsy",
":",
"necrosis",
"and",
"portal",
"and",
"periportal",
"inflammation",
",",
"with",
"interphase",
"hepatitis",
",",
"with",
"minimal",
"fibrosis",
".",
"Inconclusive",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Grade",
"4",
"acute",
"hepatitis",
"secondary",
"to",
"hepatotoxicity",
"due",
"to",
"interferon",
"beta",
".",
"Treatment",
"Withdrawal",
"of",
"previous",
"treatment",
".",
"Prednisone",
"60",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"intravenously",
"for",
"5",
"days",
"and",
"then",
"orally",
",",
"gradually",
"reducing",
"the",
"dose",
"over",
"6",
"weeks",
"until",
"withdrawal",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Digestive",
"Department",
".",
"All",
"the",
"treatment",
"she",
"had",
"been",
"taking",
"up",
"to",
"that",
"time",
"was",
"withdrawn",
"and",
"high-dose",
"corticotherapy",
"(",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
")",
"was",
"started",
"intravenously",
".",
"There",
"was",
"a",
"progressive",
"clinical",
"improvement",
"in",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"condition",
".",
"A",
"control",
"blood",
"test",
"one",
"week",
"later",
"showed",
"a",
"marked",
"decrease",
"in",
"transaminase",
"levels",
"(",
"GOT",
"/",
"GPT",
"225",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
"/",
"398",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"GGT",
"240",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
")",
"and",
"normalisation",
"of",
"these",
"levels",
"15",
"days",
"later",
".",
"One",
"month",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
",",
"with",
"no",
"new",
"complications",
",",
"so",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"resume",
"disease-modulating",
"treatment",
"for",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"with",
"glatiramer",
"acetate",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 373,
"end": 380
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 519,
"end": 526
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 59,
"end": 67
},
{
"text": "Cellist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 29,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1838,
"end": 1841
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1846,
"end": 1849
},
{
"text": "HAV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1811,
"end": 1814
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1816,
"end": 1819
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1824,
"end": 1827
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2533,
"end": 2540
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2773,
"end": 2780
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2990,
"end": 2997
}
] | en |
A 29-year-old man consulted for fever and intense odynophagia. On physical examination he was tachycardic at 136 bpm, temperature 39 oC; at the cervical level there was an increase in the left thyroid volume with a palpable, fluctuating mass. Blood tests showed leukocytosis of 11,600/μL (Neu 80.4%), fibrinogen > 1,000 mg/dL, CRP 18.7 mg/dL. Thyroid profile compatible with thyrotoxicosis with TSH 0.07 mIU/L (0.55-4.78) and T4L 4.2 ng/dL (0.8-1.8). Blood cultures were negative. Electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and laryngoscopy were normal. Empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy was started on suspicion of acute infectious thyroiditis. Cervical ultrasound showed a left thyroid abscess with reactive locoregional lymph nodes. A neck CT scan showed another retropharyngeal collection. The thyroid scan showed no visualisation of the left hemithyroid. In view of these findings, the ENT department was consulted and it was decided to drain both abscesses by cervicotomy. Purulent material with abundant leukocytes was obtained, isolating Streptococcus viridans, Eikenella corrodens, Prevotella sp, Bacteroides vulgatus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella nigrescens, Slackia exigua and Peptostreptococcus micros. HIV negative. Negative anti-TPO, anti-TG and anti-TSH antibodies. Normalisation of the thyroid profile after resolution of the acute episode, TSH 3.71 mIU/L, free T4 0.9 ng/dl and free T3 2.64 pg/ml (2.3-4.2). Barium oesophagogram showed a left pyriform sinus fistula.
| [
"A",
"29-year-old",
"man",
"consulted",
"for",
"fever",
"and",
"intense",
"odynophagia",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
"he",
"was",
"tachycardic",
"at",
"136",
"bpm",
",",
"temperature",
"39",
"oC",
";",
"at",
"the",
"cervical",
"level",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"thyroid",
"volume",
"with",
"a",
"palpable",
",",
"fluctuating",
"mass",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"leukocytosis",
"of",
"11",
",",
"600",
"/",
"μL",
"(",
"Neu",
"80",
".",
"4",
"%",
")",
",",
"fibrinogen",
">",
"1",
",",
"000",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"CRP",
"18",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"Thyroid",
"profile",
"compatible",
"with",
"thyrotoxicosis",
"with",
"TSH",
"0",
".",
"07",
"mIU",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"0",
".",
"55-4",
".",
"78",
")",
"and",
"T4L",
"4",
".",
"2",
"ng",
"/",
"dL",
"(",
"0",
".",
"8-1",
".",
"8",
")",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Electrocardiogram",
",",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"laryngoscopy",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Empirical",
"intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"started",
"on",
"suspicion",
"of",
"acute",
"infectious",
"thyroiditis",
".",
"Cervical",
"ultrasound",
"showed",
"a",
"left",
"thyroid",
"abscess",
"with",
"reactive",
"locoregional",
"lymph",
"nodes",
".",
"A",
"neck",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"another",
"retropharyngeal",
"collection",
".",
"The",
"thyroid",
"scan",
"showed",
"no",
"visualisation",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"hemithyroid",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"ENT",
"department",
"was",
"consulted",
"and",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"drain",
"both",
"abscesses",
"by",
"cervicotomy",
".",
"Purulent",
"material",
"with",
"abundant",
"leukocytes",
"was",
"obtained",
",",
"isolating",
"Streptococcus",
"viridans",
",",
"Eikenella",
"corrodens",
",",
"Prevotella",
"sp",
",",
"Bacteroides",
"vulgatus",
",",
"Fusobacterium",
"nucleatum",
",",
"Prevotella",
"nigrescens",
",",
"Slackia",
"exigua",
"and",
"Peptostreptococcus",
"micros",
".",
"HIV",
"negative",
".",
"Negative",
"anti-TPO",
",",
"anti-TG",
"and",
"anti-TSH",
"antibodies",
".",
"Normalisation",
"of",
"the",
"thyroid",
"profile",
"after",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"acute",
"episode",
",",
"TSH",
"3",
".",
"71",
"mIU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"free",
"T4",
"0",
".",
"9",
"ng",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"free",
"T3",
"2",
".",
"64",
"pg",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"2",
".",
"3-4",
".",
"2",
")",
".",
"Barium",
"oesophagogram",
"showed",
"a",
"left",
"pyriform",
"sinus",
"fistula",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Eikenella corrodens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1065,
"end": 1084
},
{
"text": "Fusobacterium nucleatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1123,
"end": 1146
},
{
"text": "Prevotella sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1086,
"end": 1099
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus viridans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1041,
"end": 1063
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1217,
"end": 1220
},
{
"text": "Bacteroides vulgatus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1101,
"end": 1121
},
{
"text": "Prevotella nigrescens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1148,
"end": 1169
},
{
"text": "Slackia exigua",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1171,
"end": 1185
},
{
"text": "Peptostreptococcus micros",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1190,
"end": 1215
}
] | en |
The patient was a 35-year-old woman with no personal history. On 21 January 2020, she travelled to Japan from Wuhan (China). She was healthy until 30 January, when she developed fever and mild diarrhoea. On 31 January, at the primary care clinic, she underwent a rapid influenza antigen test and was found to be negative. A chest CT scan revealed signs of pneumonia in the lower left lung and she was transferred to the Japanese Red Cross Hospital in Narita. She reported no sore throat, rhinorrhoea, chills or cough. She had not been to the Huanan market and had not been exposed to wild or dead animals. On admission, her vital signs were: blood pressure 106/66 mmHG, pulse 93 bpm, temperature 37.9°C, respiratory rate 16 bpm and room air oxygen saturation 97%. Physical examination was normal. Laboratory tests showed no leukocytosis, leukocytopenia or high liver enzyme values. A chest CT scan showed slight ground-glass opacities in the lower lobe of the left lung. He was transferred to a negative pressure isolation room. He was given ceftriaxone and azithromycin after obtaining a pharyngeal swab. PCR testing of the pharyngeal swab for the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was negative. He continued to have fever but no respiratory symptoms such as cough. On hospital day 5, provoked sputum and a second pharyngeal swab were obtained. The sputum PCR test was positive, but the pharyngeal smear remained negative. His condition was stable and fever and diarrhoea improved on hospital day 6. On hospital day 12, the patient had fully recovered and sputum PCR and pharyngeal smear tests were negative. During the entire clinical course, no positive PCR tests were ever obtained from pharyngeal smears. All PCR tests were performed in the reference laboratory by real-time RT-PCR assays following a protocol already described.
| [
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"a",
"35-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"no",
"personal",
"history",
".",
"On",
"21",
"January",
"2020",
",",
"she",
"travelled",
"to",
"Japan",
"from",
"Wuhan",
"(",
"China",
")",
".",
"She",
"was",
"healthy",
"until",
"30",
"January",
",",
"when",
"she",
"developed",
"fever",
"and",
"mild",
"diarrhoea",
".",
"On",
"31",
"January",
",",
"at",
"the",
"primary",
"care",
"clinic",
",",
"she",
"underwent",
"a",
"rapid",
"influenza",
"antigen",
"test",
"and",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"negative",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"revealed",
"signs",
"of",
"pneumonia",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"left",
"lung",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"Japanese",
"Red",
"Cross",
"Hospital",
"in",
"Narita",
".",
"She",
"reported",
"no",
"sore",
"throat",
",",
"rhinorrhoea",
",",
"chills",
"or",
"cough",
".",
"She",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"to",
"the",
"Huanan",
"market",
"and",
"had",
"not",
"been",
"exposed",
"to",
"wild",
"or",
"dead",
"animals",
".",
"On",
"admission",
",",
"her",
"vital",
"signs",
"were",
":",
"blood",
"pressure",
"106",
"/",
"66",
"mmHG",
",",
"pulse",
"93",
"bpm",
",",
"temperature",
"37",
".",
"9",
"°",
"C",
",",
"respiratory",
"rate",
"16",
"bpm",
"and",
"room",
"air",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"97",
"%",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"no",
"leukocytosis",
",",
"leukocytopenia",
"or",
"high",
"liver",
"enzyme",
"values",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"slight",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"lobe",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
".",
"He",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"a",
"negative",
"pressure",
"isolation",
"room",
".",
"He",
"was",
"given",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"azithromycin",
"after",
"obtaining",
"a",
"pharyngeal",
"swab",
".",
"PCR",
"testing",
"of",
"the",
"pharyngeal",
"swab",
"for",
"the",
"new",
"coronavirus",
"(",
"SARS-CoV-2",
")",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"He",
"continued",
"to",
"have",
"fever",
"but",
"no",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"such",
"as",
"cough",
".",
"On",
"hospital",
"day",
"5",
",",
"provoked",
"sputum",
"and",
"a",
"second",
"pharyngeal",
"swab",
"were",
"obtained",
".",
"The",
"sputum",
"PCR",
"test",
"was",
"positive",
",",
"but",
"the",
"pharyngeal",
"smear",
"remained",
"negative",
".",
"His",
"condition",
"was",
"stable",
"and",
"fever",
"and",
"diarrhoea",
"improved",
"on",
"hospital",
"day",
"6",
".",
"On",
"hospital",
"day",
"12",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"fully",
"recovered",
"and",
"sputum",
"PCR",
"and",
"pharyngeal",
"smear",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"During",
"the",
"entire",
"clinical",
"course",
",",
"no",
"positive",
"PCR",
"tests",
"were",
"ever",
"obtained",
"from",
"pharyngeal",
"smears",
".",
"All",
"PCR",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"reference",
"laboratory",
"by",
"real-time",
"RT-PCR",
"assays",
"following",
"a",
"protocol",
"already",
"described",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 597,
"end": 604
},
{
"text": "coronavirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1153,
"end": 1164
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 30,
"end": 35
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4,
"end": 11
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1520,
"end": 1527
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 44,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1166,
"end": 1176
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 269,
"end": 278
}
] | en |
The patient is a 69-year-old woman, with no pharmacological allergies or toxic habits. Personal history: hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. She has had a double mechanical prosthesis since 2003 due to mitroaortic valve disease of rheumatic origin and chronic liver disease of probable multifactorial origin (heart failure, stasis liver). Diagnosed with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (ClCr according to MDRD-4: 43.1 ml/min/1.73 m2).
She was admitted for a week of non-productive cough and progressive increase in dyspnoea on exertion. She was initially assessed by her primary care physician, who started a course of antibiotic treatment with amoxicillin. Given the clinical worsening of the respiratory symptoms and the appearance of a fever of 39oC with shivering, she consulted the emergency department of our hospital. The patient did not report increased abdominal perimeter or increased oedema in the lower limbs. No micturition syndrome. No abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, she only reported softer than usual stools, not diarrhoea, which she related to antibiotic treatment. No other signs or symptoms in the anamnesis by apparatus. Vital signs were: BP: 110/60 mmHg. 85 bpm. 20 rpm. O2 saturation 96% room air. Febrile (axillary temperature 38.2oC). On inspection she was in good general condition, conscious and oriented. Well hydrated and perfused. Eupneic at rest. No jugular ingurgitation. Absence of palpable adenopathies.
On cardiorespiratory auscultation the cardiac tones were rhythmic with metallic click and pansystolic murmur III/VI. Vesicular murmur was preserved with scattered rhonchi and minimal bibasal crackles. The abdomen was soft, depressible and there was a 4-cm, non-painful hepatomegaly with normal peristalsis. At the level of the lower extremities there was slight malleolar oedema.
The blood test carried out in the ED showed ions within normal limits and a discrete normocytic normochromic anaemia with haemoglobin (Hb) of 10.8 g/dl, no leukocytosis and normal platelets. The coagulation study was normal. Basic biochemistry showed impaired renal function (Cr 1.85 mg/dl, urea 128 mg/dl) with normal ions. Lipid, liver and thyroid profiles were normal. Acute phase reactants were slightly elevated with ESR of 24 mm/h and CRP of 29.6 mg/l. The proteinogram showed hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and a profile compatible with moderate inflammatory syndrome. Infectious serology (HBV, HCV and HIV) was negative. The electrocardiogram showed no relevant alterations. Chest X-ray showed marked global cardiomegaly with pulmonary parenchyma and no significant radiological findings.
In a batch of two blood cultures taken in the emergency department, Salmonella serogroup B was isolated (in all bottles). Urine and stool cultures were negative. In view of these findings, and given that the patient had no previous abdominal symptoms, an investigation was initiated to look for a source responsible for the bacteraemia. Among the initial studies, an ultrasound scan of the abdomen was performed, which ruled out cholecystitis and showed no other significant alterations.
Given the persistence of fever, as this was a patient with a history of mitroaortic valve disease, a transthoracic echocardiography was requested and subsequently a transesophageal echocardiography was performed, which showed no alterations compatible with prosthetic endocarditis. Likewise, a chest and abdominal CT angiography showed slight calcified atheromatosis of the thoracic and abdominal aorta with no evidence of aneurysms or data suggestive of endovascular infection.
On the basis of the antibiogram, empirical antibiotic treatment given in the emergency department (ceftriaxone 2 g iv/24 hours) was downgraded to ciprofloxacin 500 mg every 12 h orally and he completed 10 days of antibiotic treatment, with good clinical evolution, remaining afebrile, and control blood cultures were negative. In the absence of findings in the imaging tests performed, it was decided to discharge her home. Two weeks later, the patient began to experience dorsal pain radiating to the central thoracic region of an oppressive nature, which progressively increased, accompanied by increasing dyspnoea, and for which she consulted the emergency department. He had not presented fever or other accompanying symptoms. The electrocardiogram showed no evidence of acute ischaemia. Laboratory tests performed in the ED showed mobilisation of markers of myocardial damage with peak ultrasensitive Troponin T 638 pg/dl, normal creatine phosphate kinase (CPK) and negative D-dimer, and it was decided to admit the patient to the ward for further investigation.
Differential diagnosis
The patient had recently been admitted for bacteraemia due to Salmonella sp with no clear focus in the study performed, and was readmitted for chest pain and dyspnoea. It is known that Salmonella bacteraemia can appear in the context of gastroenteritis or manifest as fever with no apparent focus. It can persist and cause focal complications such as osteoarticular infections, CNS involvement, endocarditis and endovascular infection.
In our case, no persistent bacteraemia was found, as the control blood cultures were negative before discharge and on readmission. In this patient, the first thing to rule out, despite the fact that the electrocardiogram was normal, is an acute coronary syndrome. In favour of this, it should be noted that she presents cardiovascular risk factors, compatible clinical symptoms and mobilisation of markers of myocardial damage, so this entity cannot be ruled out until a coronary angiography is performed. Other causes of ischaemic pain not associated with coronary arteriosclerosis should also be considered: coronary embolism, coronary spasm, coronary arteritis (luetic or associated with other systemic diseases) and congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries, among others.
There are other cardiovascular diseases that can cause chest pain. In pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), the pain is usually pleuritic in nature and may be associated with haemoptysis, tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypoxaemia and hypocapnia, which our patient did not present. In addition, the D-dimer performed in the ED was negative and the patient had no other risk factors for the development of PTE.
Aortic dissection is another entity to be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this case, chest pain is usually very intense from the onset, radiating to the back and appearing abruptly. It may be associated with pulse deficit, aortic insufficiency and acute myocardial infarction, among others. Our patient's age and arterial hypertension (which is present in up to 80% of cases) are in favour, while the clinical presentation is against. Finally, consider the possibility of complications or focal infections secondary to Salmonella sp. bacteraemia. In this regard, we can point to osteoarticular infections such as infectious spondylodiscitis. It usually presents as dorsal or lumbar pain with an inflammatory profile and in some cases, chest pain may be the form of presentation. The clinical presentation is usually very non-specific, which leads to a delay in diagnosis. In our case, we could not rule out this possibility until an imaging test was performed. On the other hand, endovascular infections should be pointed out, as Salmonella bacteraemia has been classically related to endovascular colonisation and may be present in up to 10% of patients with bacteraemia. In our case, given that this is a patient with a mechanical prosthesis due to mitroaortic valve disease and who has presented recent bacteraemia due to Salmonella, endovascular infection would be our main clinical suspicion if the coronary angiography was normal, despite the fact that it had been ruled out in the previous admission.
Evolution
In the ED, blood cultures were taken without fever, which were negative, and antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone 2 g iv was started and maintained on the ward as it was considered that the duration of antibiotic treatment for Salmonella bacteraemia was short. Initially, the possibility of osteoarticular infection was raised in relation to recent bacteraemia. A CT scan of the dorsal-lumbar spine was requested, which showed no evidence of spondylodiscitis or the presence of collections. New blood cultures were requested on the ward without fever, which were also negative.
Given the clinical manifestations of chest pain and the mobilisation of markers of myocardial damage, a coronary angiography was performed, which revealed a severe lesion along the entire proximal segment of the right coronary artery, which appeared to be secondary to extrinsic compression. Aortography showed a giant pseudoaneurysm at the level of the right coronary sinus, which was responsible for the compression of the right coronary artery, as well as severe aortic insufficiency due to periprosthetic dysfunction. Echocardiography showed findings compatible with aortic prosthetic endocarditis, with severe aortic insufficiency and a large pseudoaneurysm in the anterior region of the proximal ascending aorta. In our patient, the initial process was probably prosthetic dehiscence, as the metallic prosthesis was well positioned and with an adequate opening, with formation of a periprosthetic abscess, subsequent extension or fistulisation to the thoracic aorta and formation of a pseudoaneurysm. To complete the study and assess the extension, a chest CT angiography was requested, which confirmed the presence of a large pseudoaneurysm dependent on the aortic root (5.4 x 5.8 x 5.9 cm) between the ascending aorta and the trunk of the pulmonary artery compressing the RCA and showing cranial wall enhancement that could indicate an infectious aetiology.
In view of these findings, the cardiovascular surgery department of our referral hospital was contacted and, after assessing the case, rejected the intervention due to the high surgical risk of the patient. Subsequently, the patient evolved unfavourably, maintaining heart failure refractory to treatment and finally died.
Final diagnosis
Bacteraemia due to Salmonella serogroup B complicated by giant pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root causing compression of the right coronary artery, probably related to Salmonella endarteritis.
Aortic prosthetic endocarditis with periaortic abscess and severe aortic insufficiency.
| [
"The",
"patient",
"is",
"a",
"69-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"pharmacological",
"allergies",
"or",
"toxic",
"habits",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"hypertension",
",",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"and",
"dyslipidaemia",
".",
"She",
"has",
"had",
"a",
"double",
"mechanical",
"prosthesis",
"since",
"2003",
"due",
"to",
"mitroaortic",
"valve",
"disease",
"of",
"rheumatic",
"origin",
"and",
"chronic",
"liver",
"disease",
"of",
"probable",
"multifactorial",
"origin",
"(",
"heart",
"failure",
",",
"stasis",
"liver",
")",
".",
"Diagnosed",
"with",
"stage",
"3",
"chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
"(",
"ClCr",
"according",
"to",
"MDRD-4",
":",
"43",
".",
"1",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
"/",
"1",
".",
"73",
"m2",
")",
".",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"a",
"week",
"of",
"non-productive",
"cough",
"and",
"progressive",
"increase",
"in",
"dyspnoea",
"on",
"exertion",
".",
"She",
"was",
"initially",
"assessed",
"by",
"her",
"primary",
"care",
"physician",
",",
"who",
"started",
"a",
"course",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"amoxicillin",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"worsening",
"of",
"the",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"and",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"39oC",
"with",
"shivering",
",",
"she",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"did",
"not",
"report",
"increased",
"abdominal",
"perimeter",
"or",
"increased",
"oedema",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"No",
"micturition",
"syndrome",
".",
"No",
"abdominal",
"pain",
",",
"nausea",
"or",
"vomiting",
",",
"she",
"only",
"reported",
"softer",
"than",
"usual",
"stools",
",",
"not",
"diarrhoea",
",",
"which",
"she",
"related",
"to",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
".",
"No",
"other",
"signs",
"or",
"symptoms",
"in",
"the",
"anamnesis",
"by",
"apparatus",
".",
"Vital",
"signs",
"were",
":",
"BP",
":",
"110",
"/",
"60",
"mmHg",
".",
"85",
"bpm",
".",
"20",
"rpm",
".",
"O2",
"saturation",
"96",
"%",
"room",
"air",
".",
"Febrile",
"(",
"axillary",
"temperature",
"38",
".",
"2oC",
")",
".",
"On",
"inspection",
"she",
"was",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
".",
"Well",
"hydrated",
"and",
"perfused",
".",
"Eupneic",
"at",
"rest",
".",
"No",
"jugular",
"ingurgitation",
".",
"Absence",
"of",
"palpable",
"adenopathies",
".",
"On",
"cardiorespiratory",
"auscultation",
"the",
"cardiac",
"tones",
"were",
"rhythmic",
"with",
"metallic",
"click",
"and",
"pansystolic",
"murmur",
"III",
"/",
"VI",
".",
"Vesicular",
"murmur",
"was",
"preserved",
"with",
"scattered",
"rhonchi",
"and",
"minimal",
"bibasal",
"crackles",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
"and",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"4-cm",
",",
"non-painful",
"hepatomegaly",
"with",
"normal",
"peristalsis",
".",
"At",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"extremities",
"there",
"was",
"slight",
"malleolar",
"oedema",
".",
"The",
"blood",
"test",
"carried",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
"showed",
"ions",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
"and",
"a",
"discrete",
"normocytic",
"normochromic",
"anaemia",
"with",
"haemoglobin",
"(",
"Hb",
")",
"of",
"10",
".",
"8",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"no",
"leukocytosis",
"and",
"normal",
"platelets",
".",
"The",
"coagulation",
"study",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Basic",
"biochemistry",
"showed",
"impaired",
"renal",
"function",
"(",
"Cr",
"1",
".",
"85",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"urea",
"128",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
"with",
"normal",
"ions",
".",
"Lipid",
",",
"liver",
"and",
"thyroid",
"profiles",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"were",
"slightly",
"elevated",
"with",
"ESR",
"of",
"24",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
"and",
"CRP",
"of",
"29",
".",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
".",
"The",
"proteinogram",
"showed",
"hypoproteinaemia",
",",
"hypoalbuminaemia",
"and",
"a",
"profile",
"compatible",
"with",
"moderate",
"inflammatory",
"syndrome",
".",
"Infectious",
"serology",
"(",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
"and",
"HIV",
")",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"electrocardiogram",
"showed",
"no",
"relevant",
"alterations",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"marked",
"global",
"cardiomegaly",
"with",
"pulmonary",
"parenchyma",
"and",
"no",
"significant",
"radiological",
"findings",
".",
"In",
"a",
"batch",
"of",
"two",
"blood",
"cultures",
"taken",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"Salmonella",
"serogroup",
"B",
"was",
"isolated",
"(",
"in",
"all",
"bottles",
")",
".",
"Urine",
"and",
"stool",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"and",
"given",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"previous",
"abdominal",
"symptoms",
",",
"an",
"investigation",
"was",
"initiated",
"to",
"look",
"for",
"a",
"source",
"responsible",
"for",
"the",
"bacteraemia",
".",
"Among",
"the",
"initial",
"studies",
",",
"an",
"ultrasound",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"ruled",
"out",
"cholecystitis",
"and",
"showed",
"no",
"other",
"significant",
"alterations",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"persistence",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"as",
"this",
"was",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"mitroaortic",
"valve",
"disease",
",",
"a",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"was",
"requested",
"and",
"subsequently",
"a",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiography",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"alterations",
"compatible",
"with",
"prosthetic",
"endocarditis",
".",
"Likewise",
",",
"a",
"chest",
"and",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"angiography",
"showed",
"slight",
"calcified",
"atheromatosis",
"of",
"the",
"thoracic",
"and",
"abdominal",
"aorta",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"aneurysms",
"or",
"data",
"suggestive",
"of",
"endovascular",
"infection",
".",
"On",
"the",
"basis",
"of",
"the",
"antibiogram",
",",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"given",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"(",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
"g",
"iv",
"/",
"24",
"hours",
")",
"was",
"downgraded",
"to",
"ciprofloxacin",
"500",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"h",
"orally",
"and",
"he",
"completed",
"10",
"days",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"good",
"clinical",
"evolution",
",",
"remaining",
"afebrile",
",",
"and",
"control",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"In",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"findings",
"in",
"the",
"imaging",
"tests",
"performed",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"discharge",
"her",
"home",
".",
"Two",
"weeks",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"to",
"experience",
"dorsal",
"pain",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"central",
"thoracic",
"region",
"of",
"an",
"oppressive",
"nature",
",",
"which",
"progressively",
"increased",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"increasing",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"and",
"for",
"which",
"she",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"He",
"had",
"not",
"presented",
"fever",
"or",
"other",
"accompanying",
"symptoms",
".",
"The",
"electrocardiogram",
"showed",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"acute",
"ischaemia",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
"showed",
"mobilisation",
"of",
"markers",
"of",
"myocardial",
"damage",
"with",
"peak",
"ultrasensitive",
"Troponin",
"T",
"638",
"pg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"normal",
"creatine",
"phosphate",
"kinase",
"(",
"CPK",
")",
"and",
"negative",
"D-dimer",
",",
"and",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"the",
"patient",
"to",
"the",
"ward",
"for",
"further",
"investigation",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"recently",
"been",
"admitted",
"for",
"bacteraemia",
"due",
"to",
"Salmonella",
"sp",
"with",
"no",
"clear",
"focus",
"in",
"the",
"study",
"performed",
",",
"and",
"was",
"readmitted",
"for",
"chest",
"pain",
"and",
"dyspnoea",
".",
"It",
"is",
"known",
"that",
"Salmonella",
"bacteraemia",
"can",
"appear",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"gastroenteritis",
"or",
"manifest",
"as",
"fever",
"with",
"no",
"apparent",
"focus",
".",
"It",
"can",
"persist",
"and",
"cause",
"focal",
"complications",
"such",
"as",
"osteoarticular",
"infections",
",",
"CNS",
"involvement",
",",
"endocarditis",
"and",
"endovascular",
"infection",
".",
"In",
"our",
"case",
",",
"no",
"persistent",
"bacteraemia",
"was",
"found",
",",
"as",
"the",
"control",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
"before",
"discharge",
"and",
"on",
"readmission",
".",
"In",
"this",
"patient",
",",
"the",
"first",
"thing",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
",",
"despite",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"the",
"electrocardiogram",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"is",
"an",
"acute",
"coronary",
"syndrome",
".",
"In",
"favour",
"of",
"this",
",",
"it",
"should",
"be",
"noted",
"that",
"she",
"presents",
"cardiovascular",
"risk",
"factors",
",",
"compatible",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
"and",
"mobilisation",
"of",
"markers",
"of",
"myocardial",
"damage",
",",
"so",
"this",
"entity",
"cannot",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"until",
"a",
"coronary",
"angiography",
"is",
"performed",
".",
"Other",
"causes",
"of",
"ischaemic",
"pain",
"not",
"associated",
"with",
"coronary",
"arteriosclerosis",
"should",
"also",
"be",
"considered",
":",
"coronary",
"embolism",
",",
"coronary",
"spasm",
",",
"coronary",
"arteritis",
"(",
"luetic",
"or",
"associated",
"with",
"other",
"systemic",
"diseases",
")",
"and",
"congenital",
"anomalies",
"of",
"the",
"coronary",
"arteries",
",",
"among",
"others",
".",
"There",
"are",
"other",
"cardiovascular",
"diseases",
"that",
"can",
"cause",
"chest",
"pain",
".",
"In",
"pulmonary",
"thromboembolism",
"(",
"PTE",
")",
",",
"the",
"pain",
"is",
"usually",
"pleuritic",
"in",
"nature",
"and",
"may",
"be",
"associated",
"with",
"haemoptysis",
",",
"tachypnoea",
",",
"tachycardia",
",",
"hypoxaemia",
"and",
"hypocapnia",
",",
"which",
"our",
"patient",
"did",
"not",
"present",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"the",
"D-dimer",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
"was",
"negative",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"other",
"risk",
"factors",
"for",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"PTE",
".",
"Aortic",
"dissection",
"is",
"another",
"entity",
"to",
"be",
"considered",
"in",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
".",
"In",
"this",
"case",
",",
"chest",
"pain",
"is",
"usually",
"very",
"intense",
"from",
"the",
"onset",
",",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"back",
"and",
"appearing",
"abruptly",
".",
"It",
"may",
"be",
"associated",
"with",
"pulse",
"deficit",
",",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"and",
"acute",
"myocardial",
"infarction",
",",
"among",
"others",
".",
"Our",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"age",
"and",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
"(",
"which",
"is",
"present",
"in",
"up",
"to",
"80",
"%",
"of",
"cases",
")",
"are",
"in",
"favour",
",",
"while",
"the",
"clinical",
"presentation",
"is",
"against",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"consider",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"complications",
"or",
"focal",
"infections",
"secondary",
"to",
"Salmonella",
"sp",
".",
"bacteraemia",
".",
"In",
"this",
"regard",
",",
"we",
"can",
"point",
"to",
"osteoarticular",
"infections",
"such",
"as",
"infectious",
"spondylodiscitis",
".",
"It",
"usually",
"presents",
"as",
"dorsal",
"or",
"lumbar",
"pain",
"with",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"profile",
"and",
"in",
"some",
"cases",
",",
"chest",
"pain",
"may",
"be",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"presentation",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"presentation",
"is",
"usually",
"very",
"non-specific",
",",
"which",
"leads",
"to",
"a",
"delay",
"in",
"diagnosis",
".",
"In",
"our",
"case",
",",
"we",
"could",
"not",
"rule",
"out",
"this",
"possibility",
"until",
"an",
"imaging",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"endovascular",
"infections",
"should",
"be",
"pointed",
"out",
",",
"as",
"Salmonella",
"bacteraemia",
"has",
"been",
"classically",
"related",
"to",
"endovascular",
"colonisation",
"and",
"may",
"be",
"present",
"in",
"up",
"to",
"10",
"%",
"of",
"patients",
"with",
"bacteraemia",
".",
"In",
"our",
"case",
",",
"given",
"that",
"this",
"is",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"mechanical",
"prosthesis",
"due",
"to",
"mitroaortic",
"valve",
"disease",
"and",
"who",
"has",
"presented",
"recent",
"bacteraemia",
"due",
"to",
"Salmonella",
",",
"endovascular",
"infection",
"would",
"be",
"our",
"main",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
"if",
"the",
"coronary",
"angiography",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"despite",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"it",
"had",
"been",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"admission",
".",
"Evolution",
"In",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
"without",
"fever",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
"g",
"iv",
"was",
"started",
"and",
"maintained",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
"as",
"it",
"was",
"considered",
"that",
"the",
"duration",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"for",
"Salmonella",
"bacteraemia",
"was",
"short",
".",
"Initially",
",",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"osteoarticular",
"infection",
"was",
"raised",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"recent",
"bacteraemia",
".",
"A",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"dorsal-lumbar",
"spine",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"spondylodiscitis",
"or",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"collections",
".",
"New",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"requested",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
"without",
"fever",
",",
"which",
"were",
"also",
"negative",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"of",
"chest",
"pain",
"and",
"the",
"mobilisation",
"of",
"markers",
"of",
"myocardial",
"damage",
",",
"a",
"coronary",
"angiography",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"a",
"severe",
"lesion",
"along",
"the",
"entire",
"proximal",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"coronary",
"artery",
",",
"which",
"appeared",
"to",
"be",
"secondary",
"to",
"extrinsic",
"compression",
".",
"Aortography",
"showed",
"a",
"giant",
"pseudoaneurysm",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"coronary",
"sinus",
",",
"which",
"was",
"responsible",
"for",
"the",
"compression",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"coronary",
"artery",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"severe",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"due",
"to",
"periprosthetic",
"dysfunction",
".",
"Echocardiography",
"showed",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"aortic",
"prosthetic",
"endocarditis",
",",
"with",
"severe",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"and",
"a",
"large",
"pseudoaneurysm",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"proximal",
"ascending",
"aorta",
".",
"In",
"our",
"patient",
",",
"the",
"initial",
"process",
"was",
"probably",
"prosthetic",
"dehiscence",
",",
"as",
"the",
"metallic",
"prosthesis",
"was",
"well",
"positioned",
"and",
"with",
"an",
"adequate",
"opening",
",",
"with",
"formation",
"of",
"a",
"periprosthetic",
"abscess",
",",
"subsequent",
"extension",
"or",
"fistulisation",
"to",
"the",
"thoracic",
"aorta",
"and",
"formation",
"of",
"a",
"pseudoaneurysm",
".",
"To",
"complete",
"the",
"study",
"and",
"assess",
"the",
"extension",
",",
"a",
"chest",
"CT",
"angiography",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"confirmed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"large",
"pseudoaneurysm",
"dependent",
"on",
"the",
"aortic",
"root",
"(",
"5",
".",
"4",
"x",
"5",
".",
"8",
"x",
"5",
".",
"9",
"cm",
")",
"between",
"the",
"ascending",
"aorta",
"and",
"the",
"trunk",
"of",
"the",
"pulmonary",
"artery",
"compressing",
"the",
"RCA",
"and",
"showing",
"cranial",
"wall",
"enhancement",
"that",
"could",
"indicate",
"an",
"infectious",
"aetiology",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"cardiovascular",
"surgery",
"department",
"of",
"our",
"referral",
"hospital",
"was",
"contacted",
"and",
",",
"after",
"assessing",
"the",
"case",
",",
"rejected",
"the",
"intervention",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"high",
"surgical",
"risk",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"evolved",
"unfavourably",
",",
"maintaining",
"heart",
"failure",
"refractory",
"to",
"treatment",
"and",
"finally",
"died",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Bacteraemia",
"due",
"to",
"Salmonella",
"serogroup",
"B",
"complicated",
"by",
"giant",
"pseudoaneurysm",
"of",
"the",
"aortic",
"root",
"causing",
"compression",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"coronary",
"artery",
",",
"probably",
"related",
"to",
"Salmonella",
"endarteritis",
".",
"Aortic",
"prosthetic",
"endocarditis",
"with",
"periaortic",
"abscess",
"and",
"severe",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 29,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4,
"end": 11
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 87,
"end": 95
},
{
"text": "primary care physician",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 592,
"end": 614
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 850,
"end": 857
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2444,
"end": 2447
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2449,
"end": 2452
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2457,
"end": 2460
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2968,
"end": 2979
},
{
"text": "Salmonella serogroup B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2712,
"end": 2734
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2712,
"end": 2722
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2852,
"end": 2859
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3178,
"end": 3185
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4056,
"end": 4063
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4632,
"end": 4639
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4746,
"end": 4757
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4899,
"end": 4910
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4765,
"end": 4775
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4888,
"end": 4898
},
{
"text": "Salmonella sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4765,
"end": 4778
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4707,
"end": 4714
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5166,
"end": 5177
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5278,
"end": 5285
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6165,
"end": 6172
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6256,
"end": 6263
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6865,
"end": 6876
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7372,
"end": 7383
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7491,
"end": 7502
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7637,
"end": 7648
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6850,
"end": 6860
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7361,
"end": 7371
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7656,
"end": 7666
},
{
"text": "Salmonella sp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6850,
"end": 6863
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6626,
"end": 6633
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7538,
"end": 7545
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7477,
"end": 7485
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8089,
"end": 8100
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8200,
"end": 8211
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8078,
"end": 8088
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 9155,
"end": 9162
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 9993,
"end": 10000
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10020,
"end": 10027
},
{
"text": "Bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10135,
"end": 10146
},
{
"text": "Salmonella serogroup B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10154,
"end": 10176
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10154,
"end": 10164
},
{
"text": "Salmonella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10302,
"end": 10312
}
] | en |
MEDICAL HISTORY-PERSONAL HISTORY
A 65-year-old woman, with no toxic habits or known drug allergies, consulted for fever, dyspnoea and haemoptysis 48 hours after discharge from hospital. Her medical history included arterial hypertension controlled by diet and a normofunctioning multinodular goitre with endocervical extension, diagnosed two years earlier, for which total thyroidectomy had been indicated. She came to the Emergency Department (ED) with fever, dyspnoea and haemoptysis of 24 hours' duration, 2 days after being discharged from our centre following the scheduled total thyroidectomy. During hospital admission, she presented superficial phlebitis on the left forearm, related to a peripheral venous catheter, which was treated by application of Burow's water. As he did not present fever, the catheter tip was not cultured.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
On arrival at the ED, the patient was hypotensive (BP 75/40 mmHg), HR 72 beats per minute, tachypnoeic (30 breaths per minute) and febrile (axillary temperature 38.3oC) with an oxygen saturation (FIO2 0.21) of 88%. Auscultation revealed the presence of bilateral rhonchi but no heart murmurs or signs of heart failure. There was cellulitis on the left forearm. The thyroidectomy incision looked good.
COMPLEMENTARY TESTS
Chest X-ray: pulmonary infiltrates in the right lower lobe and left upper lobe. Blood tests: haemoglobin 10.7 g/dl, 15,280 leukocytes/mm3 (68% segmented, 24% banded and 5% lymphocytes), prothrombin time 60%, D-dimer 5,837 ng/ml, urea 70 mg/dl, creatinine 2.3 mg/dl, GOT 155 IU/l, calcium 8.8 mg/dl. Arterial blood gas analysis was not performed. Blood cultures were performed.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IN THE ED
The ED physicians considered it to be nosocomial pneumonia and decided to initiate antibiotic coverage with levofloxacin 500 mg EV and ceftriaxone 1g EV, 3 hours after arrival at the ED. Neither the cellulitis nor the history of phlebitis led to the addition of an antibiotic with activity against S. aureus.
EVOLUTION
3.5 hours after arrival, the patient's respiratory work-up worsened and she was intubated orotracheally and mechanically ventilated. As our centre did not have an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the patient was transferred to another centre where the study was completed with the following complementary examinations: Chest CT scan: cavitated condensation in the left upper lobe and bibasal condensation with bronchogram and some cavitation. Fibrobronchoscopy: traces of blood in the trachea and in declivities of the right bronchial tree. Erythematous mucosa of the left bronchial tree. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Transthoracic echocardiogram: absence of valvular vegetations. Doppler ultrasound of the left upper extremity: thrombosis of the superficial basilic and cephalic veins. After 3 days, both blood cultures and bronchoalveolar lavage culture showed the presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and sensitivity to the other antibiotics tested (erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and cotrimoxazole), a pattern compatible with community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). The strain had an MIC to vancomycin of 1.5 μg/ml (E test). After learning the results, it was decided to replace the combination of levofloxacin and imipenem, which had been started in the ICU, with linezolid, which he received for 15 days. During her stay in the ICU, the hand abscess was debrided, where MRSA was also isolated, in this case resistant to quinolones, with ligation of the cephalic and basilic veins due to thrombosis. After 13 days the patient was extubated and transferred to the conventional hospital ward. During her stay on the ward she presented episodes of haemoptysis and a bronchial arteriography was performed which showed a pseudoaneurysm in a branch of the inferior lobar artery which was embolised. The MRSA strain isolated from the blood culture was sent to the National Microbiology Centre (Majadahonda) for typing. The strain was reported to belong to phage group III (phage type 84) and to possess the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (LPV) gene. By pulsed field electrophoresis it had a community profile. We screened for MRSA among the healthcare staff of our centre who had cared for the patient without detecting in any case the presence of S. aureus with an antibiogram pattern similar to that of the causal MRSA strain.
FINAL DIAGNOSIS
Septic thrombophlebitis due to CA-MRSA with septic pulmonary embolisms.
| [
"MEDICAL",
"HISTORY-PERSONAL",
"HISTORY",
"A",
"65-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"toxic",
"habits",
"or",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"consulted",
"for",
"fever",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"haemoptysis",
"48",
"hours",
"after",
"discharge",
"from",
"hospital",
".",
"Her",
"medical",
"history",
"included",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
"controlled",
"by",
"diet",
"and",
"a",
"normofunctioning",
"multinodular",
"goitre",
"with",
"endocervical",
"extension",
",",
"diagnosed",
"two",
"years",
"earlier",
",",
"for",
"which",
"total",
"thyroidectomy",
"had",
"been",
"indicated",
".",
"She",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"(",
"ED",
")",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"haemoptysis",
"of",
"24",
"hours",
"'",
"duration",
",",
"2",
"days",
"after",
"being",
"discharged",
"from",
"our",
"centre",
"following",
"the",
"scheduled",
"total",
"thyroidectomy",
".",
"During",
"hospital",
"admission",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"superficial",
"phlebitis",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"forearm",
",",
"related",
"to",
"a",
"peripheral",
"venous",
"catheter",
",",
"which",
"was",
"treated",
"by",
"application",
"of",
"Burow",
"'",
"s",
"water",
".",
"As",
"he",
"did",
"not",
"present",
"fever",
",",
"the",
"catheter",
"tip",
"was",
"not",
"cultured",
".",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
"On",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"hypotensive",
"(",
"BP",
"75",
"/",
"40",
"mmHg",
")",
",",
"HR",
"72",
"beats",
"per",
"minute",
",",
"tachypnoeic",
"(",
"30",
"breaths",
"per",
"minute",
")",
"and",
"febrile",
"(",
"axillary",
"temperature",
"38",
".",
"3oC",
")",
"with",
"an",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"(",
"FIO2",
"0",
".",
"21",
")",
"of",
"88",
"%",
".",
"Auscultation",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"bilateral",
"rhonchi",
"but",
"no",
"heart",
"murmurs",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"heart",
"failure",
".",
"There",
"was",
"cellulitis",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"forearm",
".",
"The",
"thyroidectomy",
"incision",
"looked",
"good",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"TESTS",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"pulmonary",
"infiltrates",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"lobe",
"and",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"10",
".",
"7",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"15",
",",
"280",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"68",
"%",
"segmented",
",",
"24",
"%",
"banded",
"and",
"5",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
")",
",",
"prothrombin",
"time",
"60",
"%",
",",
"D-dimer",
"5",
",",
"837",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"urea",
"70",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"creatinine",
"2",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"GOT",
"155",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"calcium",
"8",
".",
"8",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Arterial",
"blood",
"gas",
"analysis",
"was",
"not",
"performed",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"DIFFERENTIAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"IN",
"THE",
"ED",
"The",
"ED",
"physicians",
"considered",
"it",
"to",
"be",
"nosocomial",
"pneumonia",
"and",
"decided",
"to",
"initiate",
"antibiotic",
"coverage",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
"500",
"mg",
"EV",
"and",
"ceftriaxone",
"1g",
"EV",
",",
"3",
"hours",
"after",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"ED",
".",
"Neither",
"the",
"cellulitis",
"nor",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"phlebitis",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"addition",
"of",
"an",
"antibiotic",
"with",
"activity",
"against",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
".",
"EVOLUTION",
"3",
".",
"5",
"hours",
"after",
"arrival",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"respiratory",
"work-up",
"worsened",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"intubated",
"orotracheally",
"and",
"mechanically",
"ventilated",
".",
"As",
"our",
"centre",
"did",
"not",
"have",
"an",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
"(",
"ICU",
")",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"another",
"centre",
"where",
"the",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"the",
"following",
"complementary",
"examinations",
":",
"Chest",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"cavitated",
"condensation",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
"and",
"bibasal",
"condensation",
"with",
"bronchogram",
"and",
"some",
"cavitation",
".",
"Fibrobronchoscopy",
":",
"traces",
"of",
"blood",
"in",
"the",
"trachea",
"and",
"in",
"declivities",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"bronchial",
"tree",
".",
"Erythematous",
"mucosa",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"bronchial",
"tree",
".",
"Bronchoalveolar",
"lavage",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
":",
"absence",
"of",
"valvular",
"vegetations",
".",
"Doppler",
"ultrasound",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"extremity",
":",
"thrombosis",
"of",
"the",
"superficial",
"basilic",
"and",
"cephalic",
"veins",
".",
"After",
"3",
"days",
",",
"both",
"blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"bronchoalveolar",
"lavage",
"culture",
"showed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"methicillin-resistant",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
"(",
"MRSA",
")",
"and",
"sensitivity",
"to",
"the",
"other",
"antibiotics",
"tested",
"(",
"erythromycin",
",",
"clindamycin",
",",
"gentamicin",
",",
"ciprofloxacin",
",",
"rifampicin",
"and",
"cotrimoxazole",
")",
",",
"a",
"pattern",
"compatible",
"with",
"community-acquired",
"MRSA",
"(",
"CA-MRSA",
")",
".",
"The",
"strain",
"had",
"an",
"MIC",
"to",
"vancomycin",
"of",
"1",
".",
"5",
"μg",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"E",
"test",
")",
".",
"After",
"learning",
"the",
"results",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"replace",
"the",
"combination",
"of",
"levofloxacin",
"and",
"imipenem",
",",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"started",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"with",
"linezolid",
",",
"which",
"he",
"received",
"for",
"15",
"days",
".",
"During",
"her",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
",",
"the",
"hand",
"abscess",
"was",
"debrided",
",",
"where",
"MRSA",
"was",
"also",
"isolated",
",",
"in",
"this",
"case",
"resistant",
"to",
"quinolones",
",",
"with",
"ligation",
"of",
"the",
"cephalic",
"and",
"basilic",
"veins",
"due",
"to",
"thrombosis",
".",
"After",
"13",
"days",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"extubated",
"and",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"conventional",
"hospital",
"ward",
".",
"During",
"her",
"stay",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
"she",
"presented",
"episodes",
"of",
"haemoptysis",
"and",
"a",
"bronchial",
"arteriography",
"was",
"performed",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"pseudoaneurysm",
"in",
"a",
"branch",
"of",
"the",
"inferior",
"lobar",
"artery",
"which",
"was",
"embolised",
".",
"The",
"MRSA",
"strain",
"isolated",
"from",
"the",
"blood",
"culture",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"National",
"Microbiology",
"Centre",
"(",
"Majadahonda",
")",
"for",
"typing",
".",
"The",
"strain",
"was",
"reported",
"to",
"belong",
"to",
"phage",
"group",
"III",
"(",
"phage",
"type",
"84",
")",
"and",
"to",
"possess",
"the",
"Panton-Valentine",
"leukocidin",
"(",
"LPV",
")",
"gene",
".",
"By",
"pulsed",
"field",
"electrophoresis",
"it",
"had",
"a",
"community",
"profile",
".",
"We",
"screened",
"for",
"MRSA",
"among",
"the",
"healthcare",
"staff",
"of",
"our",
"centre",
"who",
"had",
"cared",
"for",
"the",
"patient",
"without",
"detecting",
"in",
"any",
"case",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
"with",
"an",
"antibiogram",
"pattern",
"similar",
"to",
"that",
"of",
"the",
"causal",
"MRSA",
"strain",
".",
"FINAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Septic",
"thrombophlebitis",
"due",
"to",
"CA-MRSA",
"with",
"septic",
"pulmonary",
"embolisms",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "PERSONAL",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 16,
"end": 24
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 47,
"end": 52
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 888,
"end": 895
},
{
"text": "S. aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1993,
"end": 2002
},
{
"text": "staff",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4208,
"end": 4213
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2930,
"end": 2934
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3115,
"end": 3119
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3124,
"end": 3128
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3437,
"end": 3441
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3863,
"end": 3867
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4182,
"end": 4186
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4372,
"end": 4376
},
{
"text": "community-acquired MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3096,
"end": 3119
},
{
"text": "CA-MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3121,
"end": 3128
},
{
"text": "strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3135,
"end": 3141
},
{
"text": "strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3868,
"end": 3874
},
{
"text": "strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3982,
"end": 3988
},
{
"text": "strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4377,
"end": 4383
},
{
"text": "MRSA strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3863,
"end": 3874
},
{
"text": "MRSA strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4372,
"end": 4383
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2044,
"end": 2051
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2209,
"end": 2216
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3584,
"end": 3591
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4250,
"end": 4257
},
{
"text": "S. aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2919,
"end": 2928
}
] | en |
The case we present is a 73-year-old man, with no known drug allergies and a former smoker for more than 40 years with an accumulated consumption of 30 packets/year. His medical history includes mild COPD stage GOLD 1 with 1/4 baseline dyspnoea, lumbosciatica with irradiation to the right lower limb for approximately 10 years secondary to a herniated disc that was being monitored by Traumatology and an aortic elongation under study by Cardiovascular Surgery, which was pending angioCT. With regard to the epidemiological setting, she lives in a rural environment, has two mules and a horse, several dogs and chickens, all apparently healthy although without strict veterinary control. She refers to the extraction of a right lower third maxillary molar two months ago without prophylaxis and no other previous surgical interventions. He is being treated with tramadol 37.5 mg / Paracetamol 325 mg every 8 hours.
She came to the emergency department for fever of up to 39oC with shivering and chills of 48 hours of evolution that responded to paracetamol, with no clear predominance during the day. She did not present pulmonary, digestive or abdominal symptoms as a possible cause, mentioning only that for about 2 months she had been experiencing pain in the right flank towards the paravertebral musculature, with right sciatica and paraesthesia in the external face of the right thigh, more intense than her usual symptoms.
Examination revealed a temperature of 37.8oC and the rest of the vital signs were under control. The general condition was acceptable, with no evidence of infection in the recently extracted molar, no palpable peripheral lymphadenopathy, no stiff neck, and no relevant skin lesions. Cardiopulmonary auscultation and abdominal examination were unremarkable, within normal limits, and there was pain on pressure in the right paravertebral muscles with the presence of muscle contracture, with negative Lassegue and Bragard manoeuvres.
On arrival at the ED, blood tests and chest X-ray showed the following findings: haemoglobin (Hb) 15.2g/gl, leukocytes 8200 cells/mcL with 73% neutrophilia, platelets 159,000 PLT/mcL. Coagulation with PT% 98% and biochemistry with glucose, creatinine, ions and hepatic profile within normality, with only C-reactive protein (CRP) at 106 mg/l. AP and lateral chest X-ray showed aortic elongation with no other alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma. In the emergency department, the patient was classified as febrile syndrome of short duration without focus, urine and blood cultures were taken and he was referred to the Infectious Diseases Department, where empirical antibiotic treatment was started with Amoxicillin 875 mg/clavulanic acid 125 mg every 8 hours orally.
Twenty hours after extraction, 2/2 flasks of S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus sensitive to penicillin (MIC 0.023 mcg/ml) and to ceftriaxone (MIC 0.06 mcg/ml) grew in the blood cultures. The Microbiology service informed the PROA group of our hospital of this finding, who contacted the patient by telephone, recommending admission for study and optimisation of the antimicrobial treatment. Once on the ward, both the clinical history and the complementary tests performed were similar to those obtained in the emergency department, a new "cold" blood culture was taken, as the patient had responded favourably to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid at home, treatment was started with ceftriaxone 2 g/IV/12 hours and the following examinations were requested:
- Transthoracic echocardiogram: the heart valves showed no stenosis or insufficiency with preserved contractility and no evidence of infective endocarditis.
- Thoracic-abdominal CT scan with iodinated contrast: marked aortic elongation with mural thrombosis and aneurysmal dilatation of 5 cm in the descending thoracic aorta; abdomen with no relevant findings; no evidence of infectious focus in the examination.
- Dorsolumbar MRI: extensive vertebral and disc degenerative changes with stenosis of the foramina at L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1, the most striking and causing almost total occlusion of the right foramina at L3-L4 and L4-L5. There are no signs of oedema of infectious aspect in the bodies, nor irregularities of the epiphyseal platforms, nor in the intervertebral discs.
The urine culture taken in the emergency department was negative, as was the blood culture taken on the ward (due to previous antibiotic therapy). In view of the results of the complementary tests and given the characteristics of the micro-organism causing the bacteraemia, a test was performed which proved to be diagnostic.
Differential diagnosis
The case we present is a 79-year-old man who consulted the emergency department due to a fever of 4-5 days' evolution and a flare-up over the last 2 months of chronic pain in the paravertebral muscles, with growth in blood cultures of S. equi subspecies zooepididemicus. In the case of a patient with bacteraemia, an adequate anamnesis and physical examination is essential to determine the severity of the infection and its possible origin or focus. We must therefore determine the place of acquisition of the bacteraemia (in the community, nosocomial or healthcare-associated), ask whether the patient has any underlying disease and collect clinical, exploratory and epidemiological data to guide us in the search for a focal point. In our case, the patient was a male with no history of interest except for recurrent right sciatica, rural environment and a molar extraction 2 months ago, who was haemodynamically stable and with no signs of alarm on examination, and the following differential diagnosis was established for the search for a possible focal point:
Although it is not a microorganism found in the oral cavity, so the history of manipulation in this case was not relevant, endocarditis had to be ruled out, as in some series S. equi bacteraemia is associated with endocarditis in up to 25-50% of cases. No other clinical, exploratory or echocardiographic data were found, nor did it meet major and minor criteria for infective endocarditis, so that even in the absence of transesophageal echocardiography this possibility seemed unlikely, not being totally ruled out, but relegated to second place in view of the possibility of other alternative foci.
In the search for other possible foci and given the symptoms of pain at the paravertebral level, the study was extended with imaging tests in view of the possibility of a bacteraemia that had settled on previously pathological vertebrae causing spondylodiscitis, since, although infrequent, there is a case in the literature caused by this germ2. An MRI of the dorsal-lumbar spine showed vertebral degenerative changes, especially at L3-L4 and L4-L5, but without the presence of an infectious focus at this level. The thoraco-abdominal CT scan showed the presence of a known aneurysmal dilatation at the level of the descending thoracic aorta together with mural thrombosis unchanged with respect to previous studies. One possibility could be infection of the aneurysm or thrombus behaving as an endovascular infection, since this microorganism has also been described in association with aortic aneurysms3,4. Unfortunately, the second blood culture was negative, and we could not rule out the possibility that this was due to transient bacteraemia (if persistent, it would be in favour of endovascular infection), or to having received previous antibiotherapy. Given the patient's stability, a "washout period" of antibiotherapy could have been carried out, suspending them temporarily and extracting the blood culture later, which would have helped us in the diagnosis, but this possibility was not considered at the time by the doctor in charge.
Other possible foci of bacteraemia due to S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus described as meningitis, arthritis or pneumonia were ruled out as there were no clinical or exploratory data of neurological or joint involvement or a chest CT scan without condensation, so the possible diagnosis after differential diagnosis would be primary bacteraemia, endovascular infection of aneurysm/wall thrombus or less likely infective endocarditis.
Evolution
The patient evolved favourably with the prescribed treatment and remained afebrile. Given that bacteraemia due to S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus has been associated with aneurysm infection and our patient had a descending aortic aneurysm with mural thrombus, a PET-CT scan was requested with the following result:
- PET-CT with 18F-FDG: dilatation is visualised at the level of the aortic arch and descending aorta together with the presence of hypermetabolic foci in the descending thoracic aorta at the level of its left contour (SUVmax=7.51), affecting the wall and extending to the adjacent soft tissues without observing evident uptake at the level of the thrombus. These findings are compatible with an inflammatory process, aortitis, in the clinical context of the patient of possible infectious origin. No cardiac pathological foci were observed in the endocardium or cardiac valves suggesting the existence of endocarditis. In the axial skeleton there were no lesions or evident metabolic increase.
Thoracic CT: We observed marked aortic elongation with mural thrombosis and aneurysmal dilatation of 5 cm at the level of the descending thoracic aorta. There was no evidence of an infectious focus in the examination.
PET-CT (Axial): The image shows the presence of hypermetabolic foci in the descending thoracic aorta at the level of its left contour (SUVmax=7.51), affecting the wall and extending to adjacent soft parts. No uptake was observed at the level of the thrombus. These findings are compatible with aortitis.
PET-CT (Coronal and Sagittal): In this last image we observed hypermetabolic foci in the descending thoracic aorta at the level of its left contour, in the clinical context of the patient of possible infectious origin.
In view of the PET-CT findings, 2 weeks were completed with ceftriaxone 2 g/IV/12 hours and then 6 weeks with levofloxacin 750 mg orally (MIC 1 mcg/ml). The Cardiovascular Surgery Service was consulted and, given the findings of an aneurysm of 5 cm in diameter, he was referred to the outpatient department for deferred intervention after healing of the current infectious process. Control blood cultures 2 weeks and 2 months after antibiotic therapy was completed were negative and in the control angioTC the mural thrombus persisted and the dilatation had not increased, pending scheduling of intervention by Cardiovascular Surgery.
Diagnosis
Aortitis over descending aortic aneurysm due to S. equi subspecies zoonoticus with secondary bacteraemia in a patient with contact with equine cattle.
| [
"The",
"case",
"we",
"present",
"is",
"a",
"73-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
"and",
"a",
"former",
"smoker",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"40",
"years",
"with",
"an",
"accumulated",
"consumption",
"of",
"30",
"packets",
"/",
"year",
".",
"His",
"medical",
"history",
"includes",
"mild",
"COPD",
"stage",
"GOLD",
"1",
"with",
"1",
"/",
"4",
"baseline",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"lumbosciatica",
"with",
"irradiation",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
"for",
"approximately",
"10",
"years",
"secondary",
"to",
"a",
"herniated",
"disc",
"that",
"was",
"being",
"monitored",
"by",
"Traumatology",
"and",
"an",
"aortic",
"elongation",
"under",
"study",
"by",
"Cardiovascular",
"Surgery",
",",
"which",
"was",
"pending",
"angioCT",
".",
"With",
"regard",
"to",
"the",
"epidemiological",
"setting",
",",
"she",
"lives",
"in",
"a",
"rural",
"environment",
",",
"has",
"two",
"mules",
"and",
"a",
"horse",
",",
"several",
"dogs",
"and",
"chickens",
",",
"all",
"apparently",
"healthy",
"although",
"without",
"strict",
"veterinary",
"control",
".",
"She",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"extraction",
"of",
"a",
"right",
"lower",
"third",
"maxillary",
"molar",
"two",
"months",
"ago",
"without",
"prophylaxis",
"and",
"no",
"other",
"previous",
"surgical",
"interventions",
".",
"He",
"is",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"tramadol",
"37",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"Paracetamol",
"325",
"mg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
".",
"She",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"with",
"shivering",
"and",
"chills",
"of",
"48",
"hours",
"of",
"evolution",
"that",
"responded",
"to",
"paracetamol",
",",
"with",
"no",
"clear",
"predominance",
"during",
"the",
"day",
".",
"She",
"did",
"not",
"present",
"pulmonary",
",",
"digestive",
"or",
"abdominal",
"symptoms",
"as",
"a",
"possible",
"cause",
",",
"mentioning",
"only",
"that",
"for",
"about",
"2",
"months",
"she",
"had",
"been",
"experiencing",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"flank",
"towards",
"the",
"paravertebral",
"musculature",
",",
"with",
"right",
"sciatica",
"and",
"paraesthesia",
"in",
"the",
"external",
"face",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"thigh",
",",
"more",
"intense",
"than",
"her",
"usual",
"symptoms",
".",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"temperature",
"of",
"37",
".",
"8oC",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"vital",
"signs",
"were",
"under",
"control",
".",
"The",
"general",
"condition",
"was",
"acceptable",
",",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"infection",
"in",
"the",
"recently",
"extracted",
"molar",
",",
"no",
"palpable",
"peripheral",
"lymphadenopathy",
",",
"no",
"stiff",
"neck",
",",
"and",
"no",
"relevant",
"skin",
"lesions",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"and",
"abdominal",
"examination",
"were",
"unremarkable",
",",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
",",
"and",
"there",
"was",
"pain",
"on",
"pressure",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"paravertebral",
"muscles",
"with",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"muscle",
"contracture",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"Lassegue",
"and",
"Bragard",
"manoeuvres",
".",
"On",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"blood",
"tests",
"and",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"the",
"following",
"findings",
":",
"haemoglobin",
"(",
"Hb",
")",
"15",
".",
"2g",
"/",
"gl",
",",
"leukocytes",
"8200",
"cells",
"/",
"mcL",
"with",
"73",
"%",
"neutrophilia",
",",
"platelets",
"159",
",",
"000",
"PLT",
"/",
"mcL",
".",
"Coagulation",
"with",
"PT",
"%",
"98",
"%",
"and",
"biochemistry",
"with",
"glucose",
",",
"creatinine",
",",
"ions",
"and",
"hepatic",
"profile",
"within",
"normality",
",",
"with",
"only",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"CRP",
")",
"at",
"106",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
".",
"AP",
"and",
"lateral",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"aortic",
"elongation",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"alterations",
"in",
"the",
"pulmonary",
"parenchyma",
".",
"In",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"classified",
"as",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"of",
"short",
"duration",
"without",
"focus",
",",
"urine",
"and",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Department",
",",
"where",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"Amoxicillin",
"875",
"mg",
"/",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
"125",
"mg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
"orally",
".",
"Twenty",
"hours",
"after",
"extraction",
",",
"2",
"/",
"2",
"flasks",
"of",
"S",
".",
"equi",
"subspecies",
"zooepidemicus",
"sensitive",
"to",
"penicillin",
"(",
"MIC",
"0",
".",
"023",
"mcg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
"and",
"to",
"ceftriaxone",
"(",
"MIC",
"0",
".",
"06",
"mcg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
"grew",
"in",
"the",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"The",
"Microbiology",
"service",
"informed",
"the",
"PROA",
"group",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
"of",
"this",
"finding",
",",
"who",
"contacted",
"the",
"patient",
"by",
"telephone",
",",
"recommending",
"admission",
"for",
"study",
"and",
"optimisation",
"of",
"the",
"antimicrobial",
"treatment",
".",
"Once",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
",",
"both",
"the",
"clinical",
"history",
"and",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"performed",
"were",
"similar",
"to",
"those",
"obtained",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"a",
"new",
"\"",
"cold",
"\"",
"blood",
"culture",
"was",
"taken",
",",
"as",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"responded",
"favourably",
"to",
"amoxicillin",
"/",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
"at",
"home",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"IV",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"and",
"the",
"following",
"examinations",
"were",
"requested",
":",
"-",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
":",
"the",
"heart",
"valves",
"showed",
"no",
"stenosis",
"or",
"insufficiency",
"with",
"preserved",
"contractility",
"and",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
".",
"-",
"Thoracic-abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"with",
"iodinated",
"contrast",
":",
"marked",
"aortic",
"elongation",
"with",
"mural",
"thrombosis",
"and",
"aneurysmal",
"dilatation",
"of",
"5",
"cm",
"in",
"the",
"descending",
"thoracic",
"aorta",
";",
"abdomen",
"with",
"no",
"relevant",
"findings",
";",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"infectious",
"focus",
"in",
"the",
"examination",
".",
"-",
"Dorsolumbar",
"MRI",
":",
"extensive",
"vertebral",
"and",
"disc",
"degenerative",
"changes",
"with",
"stenosis",
"of",
"the",
"foramina",
"at",
"L1-L2",
",",
"L2-L3",
",",
"L3-L4",
",",
"L4-L5",
"and",
"L5-S1",
",",
"the",
"most",
"striking",
"and",
"causing",
"almost",
"total",
"occlusion",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"foramina",
"at",
"L3-L4",
"and",
"L4-L5",
".",
"There",
"are",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"oedema",
"of",
"infectious",
"aspect",
"in",
"the",
"bodies",
",",
"nor",
"irregularities",
"of",
"the",
"epiphyseal",
"platforms",
",",
"nor",
"in",
"the",
"intervertebral",
"discs",
".",
"The",
"urine",
"culture",
"taken",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"as",
"was",
"the",
"blood",
"culture",
"taken",
"on",
"the",
"ward",
"(",
"due",
"to",
"previous",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
")",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"and",
"given",
"the",
"characteristics",
"of",
"the",
"micro-organism",
"causing",
"the",
"bacteraemia",
",",
"a",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
"which",
"proved",
"to",
"be",
"diagnostic",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"case",
"we",
"present",
"is",
"a",
"79-year-old",
"man",
"who",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"4-5",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
"and",
"a",
"flare-up",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"2",
"months",
"of",
"chronic",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"paravertebral",
"muscles",
",",
"with",
"growth",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
"of",
"S",
".",
"equi",
"subspecies",
"zooepididemicus",
".",
"In",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"bacteraemia",
",",
"an",
"adequate",
"anamnesis",
"and",
"physical",
"examination",
"is",
"essential",
"to",
"determine",
"the",
"severity",
"of",
"the",
"infection",
"and",
"its",
"possible",
"origin",
"or",
"focus",
".",
"We",
"must",
"therefore",
"determine",
"the",
"place",
"of",
"acquisition",
"of",
"the",
"bacteraemia",
"(",
"in",
"the",
"community",
",",
"nosocomial",
"or",
"healthcare-associated",
")",
",",
"ask",
"whether",
"the",
"patient",
"has",
"any",
"underlying",
"disease",
"and",
"collect",
"clinical",
",",
"exploratory",
"and",
"epidemiological",
"data",
"to",
"guide",
"us",
"in",
"the",
"search",
"for",
"a",
"focal",
"point",
".",
"In",
"our",
"case",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"a",
"male",
"with",
"no",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"except",
"for",
"recurrent",
"right",
"sciatica",
",",
"rural",
"environment",
"and",
"a",
"molar",
"extraction",
"2",
"months",
"ago",
",",
"who",
"was",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"and",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"alarm",
"on",
"examination",
",",
"and",
"the",
"following",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"established",
"for",
"the",
"search",
"for",
"a",
"possible",
"focal",
"point",
":",
"Although",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"a",
"microorganism",
"found",
"in",
"the",
"oral",
"cavity",
",",
"so",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"manipulation",
"in",
"this",
"case",
"was",
"not",
"relevant",
",",
"endocarditis",
"had",
"to",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
",",
"as",
"in",
"some",
"series",
"S",
".",
"equi",
"bacteraemia",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"endocarditis",
"in",
"up",
"to",
"25-50",
"%",
"of",
"cases",
".",
"No",
"other",
"clinical",
",",
"exploratory",
"or",
"echocardiographic",
"data",
"were",
"found",
",",
"nor",
"did",
"it",
"meet",
"major",
"and",
"minor",
"criteria",
"for",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
",",
"so",
"that",
"even",
"in",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiography",
"this",
"possibility",
"seemed",
"unlikely",
",",
"not",
"being",
"totally",
"ruled",
"out",
",",
"but",
"relegated",
"to",
"second",
"place",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"other",
"alternative",
"foci",
".",
"In",
"the",
"search",
"for",
"other",
"possible",
"foci",
"and",
"given",
"the",
"symptoms",
"of",
"pain",
"at",
"the",
"paravertebral",
"level",
",",
"the",
"study",
"was",
"extended",
"with",
"imaging",
"tests",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"a",
"bacteraemia",
"that",
"had",
"settled",
"on",
"previously",
"pathological",
"vertebrae",
"causing",
"spondylodiscitis",
",",
"since",
",",
"although",
"infrequent",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"case",
"in",
"the",
"literature",
"caused",
"by",
"this",
"germ2",
".",
"An",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"dorsal-lumbar",
"spine",
"showed",
"vertebral",
"degenerative",
"changes",
",",
"especially",
"at",
"L3-L4",
"and",
"L4-L5",
",",
"but",
"without",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"an",
"infectious",
"focus",
"at",
"this",
"level",
".",
"The",
"thoraco-abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"known",
"aneurysmal",
"dilatation",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"descending",
"thoracic",
"aorta",
"together",
"with",
"mural",
"thrombosis",
"unchanged",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"previous",
"studies",
".",
"One",
"possibility",
"could",
"be",
"infection",
"of",
"the",
"aneurysm",
"or",
"thrombus",
"behaving",
"as",
"an",
"endovascular",
"infection",
",",
"since",
"this",
"microorganism",
"has",
"also",
"been",
"described",
"in",
"association",
"with",
"aortic",
"aneurysms3",
",",
"4",
".",
"Unfortunately",
",",
"the",
"second",
"blood",
"culture",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"we",
"could",
"not",
"rule",
"out",
"the",
"possibility",
"that",
"this",
"was",
"due",
"to",
"transient",
"bacteraemia",
"(",
"if",
"persistent",
",",
"it",
"would",
"be",
"in",
"favour",
"of",
"endovascular",
"infection",
")",
",",
"or",
"to",
"having",
"received",
"previous",
"antibiotherapy",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"stability",
",",
"a",
"\"",
"washout",
"period",
"\"",
"of",
"antibiotherapy",
"could",
"have",
"been",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"suspending",
"them",
"temporarily",
"and",
"extracting",
"the",
"blood",
"culture",
"later",
",",
"which",
"would",
"have",
"helped",
"us",
"in",
"the",
"diagnosis",
",",
"but",
"this",
"possibility",
"was",
"not",
"considered",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"by",
"the",
"doctor",
"in",
"charge",
".",
"Other",
"possible",
"foci",
"of",
"bacteraemia",
"due",
"to",
"S",
".",
"equi",
"subspecies",
"zooepidemicus",
"described",
"as",
"meningitis",
",",
"arthritis",
"or",
"pneumonia",
"were",
"ruled",
"out",
"as",
"there",
"were",
"no",
"clinical",
"or",
"exploratory",
"data",
"of",
"neurological",
"or",
"joint",
"involvement",
"or",
"a",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"without",
"condensation",
",",
"so",
"the",
"possible",
"diagnosis",
"after",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"would",
"be",
"primary",
"bacteraemia",
",",
"endovascular",
"infection",
"of",
"aneurysm",
"/",
"wall",
"thrombus",
"or",
"less",
"likely",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"evolved",
"favourably",
"with",
"the",
"prescribed",
"treatment",
"and",
"remained",
"afebrile",
".",
"Given",
"that",
"bacteraemia",
"due",
"to",
"S",
".",
"equi",
"subspecies",
"zooepidemicus",
"has",
"been",
"associated",
"with",
"aneurysm",
"infection",
"and",
"our",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"descending",
"aortic",
"aneurysm",
"with",
"mural",
"thrombus",
",",
"a",
"PET-CT",
"scan",
"was",
"requested",
"with",
"the",
"following",
"result",
":",
"-",
"PET-CT",
"with",
"18F-FDG",
":",
"dilatation",
"is",
"visualised",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"aortic",
"arch",
"and",
"descending",
"aorta",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"hypermetabolic",
"foci",
"in",
"the",
"descending",
"thoracic",
"aorta",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"its",
"left",
"contour",
"(",
"SUVmax",
"=",
"7",
".",
"51",
")",
",",
"affecting",
"the",
"wall",
"and",
"extending",
"to",
"the",
"adjacent",
"soft",
"tissues",
"without",
"observing",
"evident",
"uptake",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"thrombus",
".",
"These",
"findings",
"are",
"compatible",
"with",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"process",
",",
"aortitis",
",",
"in",
"the",
"clinical",
"context",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"of",
"possible",
"infectious",
"origin",
".",
"No",
"cardiac",
"pathological",
"foci",
"were",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"endocardium",
"or",
"cardiac",
"valves",
"suggesting",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"endocarditis",
".",
"In",
"the",
"axial",
"skeleton",
"there",
"were",
"no",
"lesions",
"or",
"evident",
"metabolic",
"increase",
".",
"Thoracic",
"CT",
":",
"We",
"observed",
"marked",
"aortic",
"elongation",
"with",
"mural",
"thrombosis",
"and",
"aneurysmal",
"dilatation",
"of",
"5",
"cm",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"descending",
"thoracic",
"aorta",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"an",
"infectious",
"focus",
"in",
"the",
"examination",
".",
"PET-CT",
"(",
"Axial",
")",
":",
"The",
"image",
"shows",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"hypermetabolic",
"foci",
"in",
"the",
"descending",
"thoracic",
"aorta",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"its",
"left",
"contour",
"(",
"SUVmax",
"=",
"7",
".",
"51",
")",
",",
"affecting",
"the",
"wall",
"and",
"extending",
"to",
"adjacent",
"soft",
"parts",
".",
"No",
"uptake",
"was",
"observed",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"thrombus",
".",
"These",
"findings",
"are",
"compatible",
"with",
"aortitis",
".",
"PET-CT",
"(",
"Coronal",
"and",
"Sagittal",
")",
":",
"In",
"this",
"last",
"image",
"we",
"observed",
"hypermetabolic",
"foci",
"in",
"the",
"descending",
"thoracic",
"aorta",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"its",
"left",
"contour",
",",
"in",
"the",
"clinical",
"context",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"of",
"possible",
"infectious",
"origin",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"PET-CT",
"findings",
",",
"2",
"weeks",
"were",
"completed",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"IV",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"and",
"then",
"6",
"weeks",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
"750",
"mg",
"orally",
"(",
"MIC",
"1",
"mcg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
".",
"The",
"Cardiovascular",
"Surgery",
"Service",
"was",
"consulted",
"and",
",",
"given",
"the",
"findings",
"of",
"an",
"aneurysm",
"of",
"5",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
",",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"outpatient",
"department",
"for",
"deferred",
"intervention",
"after",
"healing",
"of",
"the",
"current",
"infectious",
"process",
".",
"Control",
"blood",
"cultures",
"2",
"weeks",
"and",
"2",
"months",
"after",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"completed",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"control",
"angioTC",
"the",
"mural",
"thrombus",
"persisted",
"and",
"the",
"dilatation",
"had",
"not",
"increased",
",",
"pending",
"scheduling",
"of",
"intervention",
"by",
"Cardiovascular",
"Surgery",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Aortitis",
"over",
"descending",
"aortic",
"aneurysm",
"due",
"to",
"S",
".",
"equi",
"subspecies",
"zoonoticus",
"with",
"secondary",
"bacteraemia",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"contact",
"with",
"equine",
"cattle",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "horse",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 588,
"end": 593
},
{
"text": "dogs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 603,
"end": 607
},
{
"text": "mules",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 576,
"end": 581
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2450,
"end": 2457
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3026,
"end": 3033
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3317,
"end": 3324
},
{
"text": "S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2785,
"end": 2817
},
{
"text": "S. equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2785,
"end": 2792
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4548,
"end": 4559
},
{
"text": "micro-organism",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4521,
"end": 4535
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4938,
"end": 4949
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5148,
"end": 5159
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4925,
"end": 4932
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5233,
"end": 5240
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5389,
"end": 5396
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5403,
"end": 5407
},
{
"text": "S. equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4872,
"end": 4879
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5887,
"end": 5898
},
{
"text": "S. equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5879,
"end": 5886
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6478,
"end": 6489
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7344,
"end": 7355
},
{
"text": "S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7799,
"end": 7831
},
{
"text": "S. equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 7799,
"end": 7806
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8298,
"end": 8309
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8207,
"end": 8214
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8402,
"end": 8409
},
{
"text": "S. equi subspecies zooepidemicus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8317,
"end": 8349
},
{
"text": "S. equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8317,
"end": 8324
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8977,
"end": 8984
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 9916,
"end": 9923
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10695,
"end": 10706
},
{
"text": "equine",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10738,
"end": 10744
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10712,
"end": 10719
},
{
"text": "S. equi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10650,
"end": 10657
},
{
"text": "S. equi subspecies zoonoticus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10650,
"end": 10679
}
] | en |
A 33-year-old woman diagnosed in February 2015 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia BII Ph negative due to febrile syndrome and purpuric lesions on the lower limbs. The blood test showed 21,000 leukocytes (35% blasts of lymphoid appearance), haemoglobin of 11.9 g/dL and 22,000 platelets. The patient received chemotherapy treatment with pre-phase, induction, early and late consolidation. Despite this, she had an early molecular relapse and further morphological relapse, so salvage treatment was performed to induce a complete remission in view of an allo-HPTT. During the period of neutropenia the patient received antibiotic, antifungal and antiviral prophylaxis with levoxacin 500mg/day by mouth, ceftriaxone 1g/24h ev, fluconazole 400mg/day by mouth, inhaled pentamidine 300mcg every 28 days and acyclovir 400mg every 8h by mouth.
Twenty days after the rescue treatment, the patient developed fever with no apparent focus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia with 200 leukocytes (100 neutrophils), haemoglobin 10.7 g/dL and 25,000 platelets. CRP 2.97 mg/dL, creatinine 0.52 mg/dL, ASAT/ALAT 15/26 U/L, GGT/FA 121/145 U/L, total bilirubin 0.6 mg/dL, LDH 145 U/L, sodium 141 mEq/L and potassium 3.8 mEq/L. With a diagnosis of febrile neutropenia, cultures were taken and meropenem and vancomycin were started. On the fifth day of fever, the patient developed respiratory symptoms and a CAT scan was performed, which revealed alveolar condensation in the left upper lobe (LSI) with bronchial obstruction and a peripheral halo in ground glass. Fibrobronchoscopy showed inflammation of the LSI bronchus with partial occlusion of the bronchus. Bronchial aspirate isolated Aspergillus fumigatus colonies and voriconazole was started. Serum galactomannan detection was negative. Despite treatment, the patient remained febrile, with respiratory symptoms and added chest pain. A second fibrobronchoscopy was performed, showing a complete narrowing of the lumen of the LSI, from which biopsies were taken and hyphae compatible with mucor were observed. Gene detection was performed and was positive for Rhizopus arrizus. Liposomal amphotericin and posaconazole were started.
| [
"A",
"33-year-old",
"woman",
"diagnosed",
"in",
"February",
"2015",
"with",
"acute",
"lymphoblastic",
"leukaemia",
"BII",
"Ph",
"negative",
"due",
"to",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"and",
"purpuric",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"The",
"blood",
"test",
"showed",
"21",
",",
"000",
"leukocytes",
"(",
"35",
"%",
"blasts",
"of",
"lymphoid",
"appearance",
")",
",",
"haemoglobin",
"of",
"11",
".",
"9",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
"and",
"22",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"received",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
"with",
"pre-phase",
",",
"induction",
",",
"early",
"and",
"late",
"consolidation",
".",
"Despite",
"this",
",",
"she",
"had",
"an",
"early",
"molecular",
"relapse",
"and",
"further",
"morphological",
"relapse",
",",
"so",
"salvage",
"treatment",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"induce",
"a",
"complete",
"remission",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"an",
"allo-HPTT",
".",
"During",
"the",
"period",
"of",
"neutropenia",
"the",
"patient",
"received",
"antibiotic",
",",
"antifungal",
"and",
"antiviral",
"prophylaxis",
"with",
"levoxacin",
"500mg",
"/",
"day",
"by",
"mouth",
",",
"ceftriaxone",
"1g",
"/",
"24h",
"ev",
",",
"fluconazole",
"400mg",
"/",
"day",
"by",
"mouth",
",",
"inhaled",
"pentamidine",
"300mcg",
"every",
"28",
"days",
"and",
"acyclovir",
"400mg",
"every",
"8h",
"by",
"mouth",
".",
"Twenty",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"rescue",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"developed",
"fever",
"with",
"no",
"apparent",
"focus",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"pancytopenia",
"with",
"200",
"leukocytes",
"(",
"100",
"neutrophils",
")",
",",
"haemoglobin",
"10",
".",
"7",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
"and",
"25",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
".",
"CRP",
"2",
".",
"97",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"52",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"ASAT",
"/",
"ALAT",
"15",
"/",
"26",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GGT",
"/",
"FA",
"121",
"/",
"145",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"total",
"bilirubin",
"0",
".",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"LDH",
"145",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"sodium",
"141",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"potassium",
"3",
".",
"8",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
".",
"With",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"febrile",
"neutropenia",
",",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
"and",
"meropenem",
"and",
"vancomycin",
"were",
"started",
".",
"On",
"the",
"fifth",
"day",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"developed",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"and",
"a",
"CAT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"alveolar",
"condensation",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
"(",
"LSI",
")",
"with",
"bronchial",
"obstruction",
"and",
"a",
"peripheral",
"halo",
"in",
"ground",
"glass",
".",
"Fibrobronchoscopy",
"showed",
"inflammation",
"of",
"the",
"LSI",
"bronchus",
"with",
"partial",
"occlusion",
"of",
"the",
"bronchus",
".",
"Bronchial",
"aspirate",
"isolated",
"Aspergillus",
"fumigatus",
"colonies",
"and",
"voriconazole",
"was",
"started",
".",
"Serum",
"galactomannan",
"detection",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Despite",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"febrile",
",",
"with",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"and",
"added",
"chest",
"pain",
".",
"A",
"second",
"fibrobronchoscopy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"a",
"complete",
"narrowing",
"of",
"the",
"lumen",
"of",
"the",
"LSI",
",",
"from",
"which",
"biopsies",
"were",
"taken",
"and",
"hyphae",
"compatible",
"with",
"mucor",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Gene",
"detection",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"Rhizopus",
"arrizus",
".",
"Liposomal",
"amphotericin",
"and",
"posaconazole",
"were",
"started",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "antifungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 629,
"end": 639
},
{
"text": "antiviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 644,
"end": 653
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 291,
"end": 298
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 600,
"end": 607
},
{
"text": "Rhizopus arrizus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2099,
"end": 2115
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus fumigatus colonies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1672,
"end": 1702
},
{
"text": "hyphae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2005,
"end": 2011
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 880,
"end": 887
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1345,
"end": 1352
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1800,
"end": 1807
},
{
"text": "mucor",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2028,
"end": 2033
}
] | en |
A 67-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia diagnosed a year ago, undergoing chemotherapy, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (splenectomised), and steroidal diabetes. He consulted the emergency department for 3 months of mild to moderate dyspnoea, which in the last 3 days became minimal effort, associated with a dry cough and fever of up to 38.5°C. Physical examination revealed tachycardia, polypnoea, pallor of the mucous membranes and left-sided basal cramps (afebrile and normotensive). Initial laboratory tests showed hypochromic microcytic anaemia (haematocrit 26%), leukocytosis of 20,600 with 78% neutrophils, and HSV 51 mm/hr. Renal function and coagulation tests were normal. Chest X-ray showed multiple bilateral foci of condensation. He was admitted with a diagnosis of multifocal pneumonia and intravenous antibiotic treatment was started. Chest CT scan showed bilateral pulmonary parenchymal phenomena, interpreted as infectious in origin, and signs of bilateral pulmonary fibrosis, with a non-specific pattern (probably secondary to cytotoxic drugs).
Diagnosis: Gastric mucormycosis
CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis shows parietal thickening of the gastric fundus, associated with enlarged lymph nodes in the gastrohepatic ligament. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an ulcerated body lesion with a neoplastic appearance (Bormann II), which was biopsied. The patient evolved favourably and was discharged with oral antibiotic treatment, and then a decision was made on the management of the gastric lesion. The histopathological report showed exacerbated chronic gastritis with fungal colonies, which were later confirmed by culture as filamentous fungus Rhyzopus Cryzae, compatible with gastric mucormycosis. He was readmitted for systemic amphotericin B. Initial tík Jnte evolves with extension of gastric involvement and then develops a pulmonary embolism (confirmed with angioCT), which makes it necessary to start anticoagulant therapy, despite the high risk. Two days later, he developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding with haemodynamic compromise that responded to medical management. Finally, he developed progressive respiratory failure and acute renal failure, and antifungal therapy was discontinued. The patient died one month after diagnosis.
Axial section and CT reconstructions of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis: sagittal and coronal, with oral and intravenous contrast. Parietal thickening of the gastric fundus, in a partially distended stomach.
| [
"A",
"67-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"chronic",
"lymphocytic",
"leukaemia",
"diagnosed",
"a",
"year",
"ago",
",",
"undergoing",
"chemotherapy",
",",
"idiopathic",
"thrombocytopenic",
"purpura",
"(",
"splenectomised",
")",
",",
"and",
"steroidal",
"diabetes",
".",
"He",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"3",
"months",
"of",
"mild",
"to",
"moderate",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"which",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"3",
"days",
"became",
"minimal",
"effort",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"a",
"dry",
"cough",
"and",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"38",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"tachycardia",
",",
"polypnoea",
",",
"pallor",
"of",
"the",
"mucous",
"membranes",
"and",
"left-sided",
"basal",
"cramps",
"(",
"afebrile",
"and",
"normotensive",
")",
".",
"Initial",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"hypochromic",
"microcytic",
"anaemia",
"(",
"haematocrit",
"26",
"%",
")",
",",
"leukocytosis",
"of",
"20",
",",
"600",
"with",
"78",
"%",
"neutrophils",
",",
"and",
"HSV",
"51",
"mm",
"/",
"hr",
".",
"Renal",
"function",
"and",
"coagulation",
"tests",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"multiple",
"bilateral",
"foci",
"of",
"condensation",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"multifocal",
"pneumonia",
"and",
"intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
".",
"Chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"pulmonary",
"parenchymal",
"phenomena",
",",
"interpreted",
"as",
"infectious",
"in",
"origin",
",",
"and",
"signs",
"of",
"bilateral",
"pulmonary",
"fibrosis",
",",
"with",
"a",
"non-specific",
"pattern",
"(",
"probably",
"secondary",
"to",
"cytotoxic",
"drugs",
")",
".",
"Diagnosis",
":",
"Gastric",
"mucormycosis",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"abdomen",
"and",
"pelvis",
"shows",
"parietal",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"gastric",
"fundus",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"enlarged",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"in",
"the",
"gastrohepatic",
"ligament",
".",
"Upper",
"gastrointestinal",
"endoscopy",
"revealed",
"an",
"ulcerated",
"body",
"lesion",
"with",
"a",
"neoplastic",
"appearance",
"(",
"Bormann",
"II",
")",
",",
"which",
"was",
"biopsied",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"evolved",
"favourably",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"oral",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"and",
"then",
"a",
"decision",
"was",
"made",
"on",
"the",
"management",
"of",
"the",
"gastric",
"lesion",
".",
"The",
"histopathological",
"report",
"showed",
"exacerbated",
"chronic",
"gastritis",
"with",
"fungal",
"colonies",
",",
"which",
"were",
"later",
"confirmed",
"by",
"culture",
"as",
"filamentous",
"fungus",
"Rhyzopus",
"Cryzae",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"gastric",
"mucormycosis",
".",
"He",
"was",
"readmitted",
"for",
"systemic",
"amphotericin",
"B",
".",
"Initial",
"tík",
"Jnte",
"evolves",
"with",
"extension",
"of",
"gastric",
"involvement",
"and",
"then",
"develops",
"a",
"pulmonary",
"embolism",
"(",
"confirmed",
"with",
"angioCT",
")",
",",
"which",
"makes",
"it",
"necessary",
"to",
"start",
"anticoagulant",
"therapy",
",",
"despite",
"the",
"high",
"risk",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"later",
",",
"he",
"developed",
"upper",
"gastrointestinal",
"bleeding",
"with",
"haemodynamic",
"compromise",
"that",
"responded",
"to",
"medical",
"management",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"he",
"developed",
"progressive",
"respiratory",
"failure",
"and",
"acute",
"renal",
"failure",
",",
"and",
"antifungal",
"therapy",
"was",
"discontinued",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"died",
"one",
"month",
"after",
"diagnosis",
".",
"Axial",
"section",
"and",
"CT",
"reconstructions",
"of",
"the",
"thorax",
",",
"abdomen",
"and",
"pelvis",
":",
"sagittal",
"and",
"coronal",
",",
"with",
"oral",
"and",
"intravenous",
"contrast",
".",
"Parietal",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"gastric",
"fundus",
",",
"in",
"a",
"partially",
"distended",
"stomach",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "fungal colonies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1630,
"end": 1645
},
{
"text": "filamentous fungus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1688,
"end": 1706
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1411,
"end": 1418
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2269,
"end": 2276
},
{
"text": "Rhyzopus Cryzae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1707,
"end": 1722
},
{
"text": "antifungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2228,
"end": 2238
}
] | en |
A 63-year-old man came to the emergency department with a 6-day history of high fever of up to 40oC, accompanied by intense dysuria and pollakiuria, for which he had been prescribed Ciprofloxacin 500mg every 12h 5 days earlier in primary care without improvement. His medical history included: doubtful allergy to propifenazone, non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus, mixed hyperlipaemia, and he had undergone appendectomy in childhood and laparoscopic cholecystectomy one month before admission.
On examination he was febrile (39oC), conscious and oriented, eupneic at rest, well nourished, hydrated, perfused and haemodynamically stable. Cardiopulmonary auscultation was rhythmic, without murmurs, with preserved vesicular murmur, without added noises. The abdomen was soft, depressible, no masses or megaliths were palpable. Slight discomfort on palpation of the epigastrium, without defence or peritonism. Preserved hydro-aerial sounds and bilateral non-painful renal fist percussion. No findings of interest were detected in the neurological examination. No skin lesions or other noteworthy findings were found.
Complementary examinations:
The haemogram showed a leukocytosis of 18,600 /mm3, with 15,070 granulocytes and 6% of keys, lymphocytes: 1,300/mm3, platelets: 70,000 /mm3, with the rest of the parameters in the normal range. Coagulation: PT 13.3 sec, PTTA normal, fibrinogen 1,161 mg/dL and biochemistry: glycaemia 223 mg/dL, creatinine 1.2 mg/dL, Na 130 mEq/L, Ca 8.2 mg/ml, BT 3.7mg/dL, BD 2.6mg/dL, GOT 125 U/L, GPT 160 U/L, amylase, GGT, FA and LDH normal. CRP 17.9 mg/L.
Urinalysis showed positive nitrites and sediment showed pyuria and intense bacteriuria.
Chest and abdominal X-ray and electrocardiogram showed no findings of interest. Although the presumptive diagnosis in the ED in view of the data described above was "sepsis of probable urinary origin", given the laboratory findings of elevated bilirubin with discrete cytolysis and the history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy a month earlier, an abdominal ultrasound was requested prior to admission, which the radiologist completed with an abdominal CT scan with contrast, showing numerous confluent, poorly demarcated hypodense lesions measuring 85x80x75 mm overall, affecting a large part of the left hepatic lobe (LHI) and a small adjacent portion of the right hepatic lobe (LHD).
Similarly, very probable millimetric lithiasis was observed in the distal common bile duct with a normal bile duct calibre. The radiological conclusion was that in the clinical context of the patient, the best diagnostic possibility was an acute pyogenic cholangitis initiating a liver abscess (not yet organised) in the LHD.
In view of these findings, the patient was admitted, blood cultures were requested, empirical antibiotic therapy was started with Piperacillin/ tazobactam 4/0.5 every 6h and a contrast ultrasound and a cholangio-MRI were ordered to complete the imaging study. Twenty-four hours after admission, the ultrasound with contrast showed a heterogeneous area of about 90x80 mm in diameter in the LHI, highly suggestive of multiple liver abscesses, as well as septated cysts in the LHD.
Cholangio-MRI was performed 48 hours after admission and was reported as probable biliary mud in common hepatic and probable intrahepatic abscess in LHI, without being able to rule out cholangiocarcinoma. Given the discrepancies between the different imaging techniques, it was decided to request an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). On the 4th day of admission, as daily fever peaks of 39-40 degrees persisted, antibiotic therapy was changed to Imipenem/ cilastacin 500mg/6h iv, still empirically, as no growth was obtained in serial blood cultures.
ERCP ruled out bile duct obstruction (sphincterotomy and cleaning of the duct without removal of material), leading to a diagnosis of "multiple pyogenic liver abscesses".
Differential diagnosis
Regarding the pathogenesis of abscesses, they usually develop after peritonitis (via portal circulation), after biliary infection (direct route), via haematogenous dissemination due to systemic infection or through surgical or penetrating wounds. Knowing the pathogenesis is essential and points to the pathogen responsible in most cases. Regarding the microbiology, they are usually polymicrobial (anaerobic and enteric facultative), although a high variability of pathogens have been described as responsible for this pathology, which justifies the search for a microbiological diagnosis in almost all cases. Potential pathogens included in the differential diagnosis of liver abscesses in our case were:
1. The Streptococcus milleri or S. anginosus group (including S. constellatus and S. intermedius) is an important cause of liver abscess. When they are involved, it should prompt a search for concurrent metastatic infections elsewhere.
2. S. aureus, S. pyogenes and other Gram-positive cocci are pathogens to consider in specific circumstances, such as in patients undergoing transarterial embolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
3. Candida spp have also been implicated in pyogenic liver abscess and account for up to 22 percent of liver abscesses in published series. Hepatosplenic candidiasis may occur in patients who have received chemotherapy and show recovery in neutrophil count after an episode of neutropenia.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important emerging pathogen. Mostly implicated in Asia and South Africa.
5. Tuberculous liver abscesses are rare, but should be considered when blood cultures are negative.
6. Listeria monocytogenes liver infections are rare. Patients affected by this condition are usually immunocompromised and most cases present as meningitis or primary bacteraemia.
7. Burkholderia pseudomallei (the agent of Melioidosis) should be considered in patients from endemic areas (South East Asia and Northern Australia).
8. And amoebiasis should be considered as a cause of primary liver abscess, especially in patients from endemic areas or who have travelled to an endemic area within the last six months.
Evolution
On the 7th day of admission, as fever peaked at 39-40o, despite a change in empirical antibiotic therapy (negative serial blood cultures), a left hepatectomy was performed due to the existence of multiple abscesses, with abscesses persisting in the right hepatic lobe. Twenty-four hours after surgery, the patient was afebrile for the first time since his arrival at the hospital and acute phase reactants started to progressively decrease. In the intraoperative tissue sample, a hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 (magA+, rmpA+) was isolated, with an antibiogram sensitive to both previously prescribed treatments (both Piperacillin/tazobactam and Imipenem/cilastacin), responsible for a pathology known as "Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive liver abscess syndrome" (for which treatment with Imipenem/cilastacin was maintained for 4 weeks).
Final diagnosis
"Invasive liver abscess syndrome due to hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 magA+, rmpA+".
| [
"A",
"63-year-old",
"man",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"a",
"6-day",
"history",
"of",
"high",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"40oC",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"intense",
"dysuria",
"and",
"pollakiuria",
",",
"for",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"prescribed",
"Ciprofloxacin",
"500mg",
"every",
"12h",
"5",
"days",
"earlier",
"in",
"primary",
"care",
"without",
"improvement",
".",
"His",
"medical",
"history",
"included",
":",
"doubtful",
"allergy",
"to",
"propifenazone",
",",
"non-insulin-dependent",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"mixed",
"hyperlipaemia",
",",
"and",
"he",
"had",
"undergone",
"appendectomy",
"in",
"childhood",
"and",
"laparoscopic",
"cholecystectomy",
"one",
"month",
"before",
"admission",
".",
"On",
"examination",
"he",
"was",
"febrile",
"(",
"39oC",
")",
",",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
",",
"eupneic",
"at",
"rest",
",",
"well",
"nourished",
",",
"hydrated",
",",
"perfused",
"and",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"was",
"rhythmic",
",",
"without",
"murmurs",
",",
"with",
"preserved",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
",",
"without",
"added",
"noises",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"no",
"masses",
"or",
"megaliths",
"were",
"palpable",
".",
"Slight",
"discomfort",
"on",
"palpation",
"of",
"the",
"epigastrium",
",",
"without",
"defence",
"or",
"peritonism",
".",
"Preserved",
"hydro-aerial",
"sounds",
"and",
"bilateral",
"non-painful",
"renal",
"fist",
"percussion",
".",
"No",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
"were",
"detected",
"in",
"the",
"neurological",
"examination",
".",
"No",
"skin",
"lesions",
"or",
"other",
"noteworthy",
"findings",
"were",
"found",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
":",
"The",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"a",
"leukocytosis",
"of",
"18",
",",
"600",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"with",
"15",
",",
"070",
"granulocytes",
"and",
"6",
"%",
"of",
"keys",
",",
"lymphocytes",
":",
"1",
",",
"300",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"platelets",
":",
"70",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
",",
"with",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"parameters",
"in",
"the",
"normal",
"range",
".",
"Coagulation",
":",
"PT",
"13",
".",
"3",
"sec",
",",
"PTTA",
"normal",
",",
"fibrinogen",
"1",
",",
"161",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"and",
"biochemistry",
":",
"glycaemia",
"223",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"creatinine",
"1",
".",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"Na",
"130",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
",",
"Ca",
"8",
".",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"ml",
",",
"BT",
"3",
".",
"7mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"BD",
"2",
".",
"6mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"GOT",
"125",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GPT",
"160",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"amylase",
",",
"GGT",
",",
"FA",
"and",
"LDH",
"normal",
".",
"CRP",
"17",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Urinalysis",
"showed",
"positive",
"nitrites",
"and",
"sediment",
"showed",
"pyuria",
"and",
"intense",
"bacteriuria",
".",
"Chest",
"and",
"abdominal",
"X-ray",
"and",
"electrocardiogram",
"showed",
"no",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"presumptive",
"diagnosis",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
"in",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"data",
"described",
"above",
"was",
"\"",
"sepsis",
"of",
"probable",
"urinary",
"origin",
"\"",
",",
"given",
"the",
"laboratory",
"findings",
"of",
"elevated",
"bilirubin",
"with",
"discrete",
"cytolysis",
"and",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"laparoscopic",
"cholecystectomy",
"a",
"month",
"earlier",
",",
"an",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"requested",
"prior",
"to",
"admission",
",",
"which",
"the",
"radiologist",
"completed",
"with",
"an",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"with",
"contrast",
",",
"showing",
"numerous",
"confluent",
",",
"poorly",
"demarcated",
"hypodense",
"lesions",
"measuring",
"85x80x75",
"mm",
"overall",
",",
"affecting",
"a",
"large",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"hepatic",
"lobe",
"(",
"LHI",
")",
"and",
"a",
"small",
"adjacent",
"portion",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hepatic",
"lobe",
"(",
"LHD",
")",
".",
"Similarly",
",",
"very",
"probable",
"millimetric",
"lithiasis",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"common",
"bile",
"duct",
"with",
"a",
"normal",
"bile",
"duct",
"calibre",
".",
"The",
"radiological",
"conclusion",
"was",
"that",
"in",
"the",
"clinical",
"context",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"the",
"best",
"diagnostic",
"possibility",
"was",
"an",
"acute",
"pyogenic",
"cholangitis",
"initiating",
"a",
"liver",
"abscess",
"(",
"not",
"yet",
"organised",
")",
"in",
"the",
"LHD",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
",",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"Piperacillin",
"/",
"tazobactam",
"4",
"/",
"0",
".",
"5",
"every",
"6h",
"and",
"a",
"contrast",
"ultrasound",
"and",
"a",
"cholangio-MRI",
"were",
"ordered",
"to",
"complete",
"the",
"imaging",
"study",
".",
"Twenty-four",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"ultrasound",
"with",
"contrast",
"showed",
"a",
"heterogeneous",
"area",
"of",
"about",
"90x80",
"mm",
"in",
"diameter",
"in",
"the",
"LHI",
",",
"highly",
"suggestive",
"of",
"multiple",
"liver",
"abscesses",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"septated",
"cysts",
"in",
"the",
"LHD",
".",
"Cholangio-MRI",
"was",
"performed",
"48",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
"and",
"was",
"reported",
"as",
"probable",
"biliary",
"mud",
"in",
"common",
"hepatic",
"and",
"probable",
"intrahepatic",
"abscess",
"in",
"LHI",
",",
"without",
"being",
"able",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"cholangiocarcinoma",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"discrepancies",
"between",
"the",
"different",
"imaging",
"techniques",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"request",
"an",
"endoscopic",
"retrograde",
"cholangiopancreatography",
"(",
"ERCP",
")",
".",
"On",
"the",
"4th",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"as",
"daily",
"fever",
"peaks",
"of",
"39-40",
"degrees",
"persisted",
",",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"changed",
"to",
"Imipenem",
"/",
"cilastacin",
"500mg",
"/",
"6h",
"iv",
",",
"still",
"empirically",
",",
"as",
"no",
"growth",
"was",
"obtained",
"in",
"serial",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"ERCP",
"ruled",
"out",
"bile",
"duct",
"obstruction",
"(",
"sphincterotomy",
"and",
"cleaning",
"of",
"the",
"duct",
"without",
"removal",
"of",
"material",
")",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"\"",
"multiple",
"pyogenic",
"liver",
"abscesses",
"\"",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"Regarding",
"the",
"pathogenesis",
"of",
"abscesses",
",",
"they",
"usually",
"develop",
"after",
"peritonitis",
"(",
"via",
"portal",
"circulation",
")",
",",
"after",
"biliary",
"infection",
"(",
"direct",
"route",
")",
",",
"via",
"haematogenous",
"dissemination",
"due",
"to",
"systemic",
"infection",
"or",
"through",
"surgical",
"or",
"penetrating",
"wounds",
".",
"Knowing",
"the",
"pathogenesis",
"is",
"essential",
"and",
"points",
"to",
"the",
"pathogen",
"responsible",
"in",
"most",
"cases",
".",
"Regarding",
"the",
"microbiology",
",",
"they",
"are",
"usually",
"polymicrobial",
"(",
"anaerobic",
"and",
"enteric",
"facultative",
")",
",",
"although",
"a",
"high",
"variability",
"of",
"pathogens",
"have",
"been",
"described",
"as",
"responsible",
"for",
"this",
"pathology",
",",
"which",
"justifies",
"the",
"search",
"for",
"a",
"microbiological",
"diagnosis",
"in",
"almost",
"all",
"cases",
".",
"Potential",
"pathogens",
"included",
"in",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"liver",
"abscesses",
"in",
"our",
"case",
"were",
":",
"1",
".",
"The",
"Streptococcus",
"milleri",
"or",
"S",
".",
"anginosus",
"group",
"(",
"including",
"S",
".",
"constellatus",
"and",
"S",
".",
"intermedius",
")",
"is",
"an",
"important",
"cause",
"of",
"liver",
"abscess",
".",
"When",
"they",
"are",
"involved",
",",
"it",
"should",
"prompt",
"a",
"search",
"for",
"concurrent",
"metastatic",
"infections",
"elsewhere",
".",
"2",
".",
"S",
".",
"aureus",
",",
"S",
".",
"pyogenes",
"and",
"other",
"Gram-positive",
"cocci",
"are",
"pathogens",
"to",
"consider",
"in",
"specific",
"circumstances",
",",
"such",
"as",
"in",
"patients",
"undergoing",
"transarterial",
"embolisation",
"for",
"hepatocellular",
"carcinoma",
".",
"3",
".",
"Candida",
"spp",
"have",
"also",
"been",
"implicated",
"in",
"pyogenic",
"liver",
"abscess",
"and",
"account",
"for",
"up",
"to",
"22",
"percent",
"of",
"liver",
"abscesses",
"in",
"published",
"series",
".",
"Hepatosplenic",
"candidiasis",
"may",
"occur",
"in",
"patients",
"who",
"have",
"received",
"chemotherapy",
"and",
"show",
"recovery",
"in",
"neutrophil",
"count",
"after",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"neutropenia",
".",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
"is",
"an",
"important",
"emerging",
"pathogen",
".",
"Mostly",
"implicated",
"in",
"Asia",
"and",
"South",
"Africa",
".",
"5",
".",
"Tuberculous",
"liver",
"abscesses",
"are",
"rare",
",",
"but",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"when",
"blood",
"cultures",
"are",
"negative",
".",
"6",
".",
"Listeria",
"monocytogenes",
"liver",
"infections",
"are",
"rare",
".",
"Patients",
"affected",
"by",
"this",
"condition",
"are",
"usually",
"immunocompromised",
"and",
"most",
"cases",
"present",
"as",
"meningitis",
"or",
"primary",
"bacteraemia",
".",
"7",
".",
"Burkholderia",
"pseudomallei",
"(",
"the",
"agent",
"of",
"Melioidosis",
")",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"in",
"patients",
"from",
"endemic",
"areas",
"(",
"South",
"East",
"Asia",
"and",
"Northern",
"Australia",
")",
".",
"8",
".",
"And",
"amoebiasis",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"as",
"a",
"cause",
"of",
"primary",
"liver",
"abscess",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"patients",
"from",
"endemic",
"areas",
"or",
"who",
"have",
"travelled",
"to",
"an",
"endemic",
"area",
"within",
"the",
"last",
"six",
"months",
".",
"Evolution",
"On",
"the",
"7th",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
",",
"as",
"fever",
"peaked",
"at",
"39-40o",
",",
"despite",
"a",
"change",
"in",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"(",
"negative",
"serial",
"blood",
"cultures",
")",
",",
"a",
"left",
"hepatectomy",
"was",
"performed",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"multiple",
"abscesses",
",",
"with",
"abscesses",
"persisting",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hepatic",
"lobe",
".",
"Twenty-four",
"hours",
"after",
"surgery",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"afebrile",
"for",
"the",
"first",
"time",
"since",
"his",
"arrival",
"at",
"the",
"hospital",
"and",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"started",
"to",
"progressively",
"decrease",
".",
"In",
"the",
"intraoperative",
"tissue",
"sample",
",",
"a",
"hypervirulent",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
"serotype",
"K1",
"(",
"magA",
"+",
",",
"rmpA",
"+",
")",
"was",
"isolated",
",",
"with",
"an",
"antibiogram",
"sensitive",
"to",
"both",
"previously",
"prescribed",
"treatments",
"(",
"both",
"Piperacillin",
"/",
"tazobactam",
"and",
"Imipenem",
"/",
"cilastacin",
")",
",",
"responsible",
"for",
"a",
"pathology",
"known",
"as",
"\"",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
"invasive",
"liver",
"abscess",
"syndrome",
"\"",
"(",
"for",
"which",
"treatment",
"with",
"Imipenem",
"/",
"cilastacin",
"was",
"maintained",
"for",
"4",
"weeks",
")",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"\"",
"Invasive",
"liver",
"abscess",
"syndrome",
"due",
"to",
"hypervirulent",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
"K1",
"magA",
"+",
",",
"rmpA",
"+",
"\"",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 435,
"end": 444
},
{
"text": "bacteriuria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1676,
"end": 1687
},
{
"text": "radiologist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2101,
"end": 2112
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2567,
"end": 2574
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2732,
"end": 2739
},
{
"text": "pathogen",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4250,
"end": 4258
},
{
"text": "pathogens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4413,
"end": 4422
},
{
"text": "pathogens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4568,
"end": 4577
},
{
"text": "Patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5631,
"end": 5639
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5838,
"end": 5846
},
{
"text": "Burkholderia pseudomallei",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5761,
"end": 5786
}
] | en |
We present the case of a 69-year-old woman, with no known drug allergies, independent for basic activities of daily living, with a history of arterial hypertension, asthma, L5-S1 discopathy, bilateral gonarthrosis and impaired fasting blood glucose. On 6 October 2015, she underwent surgery to implant a total knee prosthesis, with good evolution in the immediate postoperative period, with no local or distant infectious complications.
After discharge, the patient achieved full functional recovery, ambulated without assistance and reported no pain in the joint. On 12 November 2015, she abruptly presented with inflammatory pain, synovial effusion and almost total functional impotence of the joint, associated in the following hours with a febrile syndrome with chills and shivering. He therefore went to the emergency department where frank signs of arthritis were observed in the right knee, with no dehiscence or fistulas in relation to the surgical wound and with the rest of the physical examination being anodyne.
Urgent laboratory tests revealed normocytic anaemia, mild leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (348 mg/L) with no other findings of interest. Synovial fluid extracted by arthrocentesis was cloudy, with undetectable glucose, 33,600 leukocytes (95% PMN 5% MN) and protein 5.32 g/dL.
Blood and synovial fluid cultures were requested and penicillin-sensitive Streptococcous pyogenes was isolated. Plain radiography showed no evidence of implant mobilisation or periprosthetic fracture. A transthoracic echocardiogram ruled out the presence of endocarditis. With the diagnosis of presumed infection of the total knee prosthesis, surgical debridement was performed on 13 November, and abundant intraoperative purulent exudate was observed, as well as loosening of the tibial component, which led to complete resection of the prosthesis with implantation of a spacer impregnated with vancomycin and gentamicin. The four intraoperative samples of periprosthetic tissue were positive for the same germ, so after completing a brief 72-hour period of empirical antibiotic treatment, the patient was de-escalated to intravenous ceftriaxone (2g every 12 hours) for two weeks, and then to oral amoxicillin, 1g every 6 hours, for the remaining six weeks.
After successful completion of the treatment and normalisation of the acute phase reactants, the second stage of surgery with reimplantation of the secondary arthroplasty was performed on 25 February. The surgical site was described as apparently clean and all four culture samples obtained prior to reimplantation were negative. The postoperative course was torpid due to medial dehiscence of the surgical wound that gave way to a new infection on the implant, this time by Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to cloxacillin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rescued in the four intraoperative samples after further debridement with retention of the implant and replacement of the polyethylene on 10 March 2016.
The patient completed targeted antibiotic treatment with intravenous daptomycin (10 mg/kg/24h) and oral rifampicin 600mg every 24h for two weeks, followed by linezolid 600 mg every 12h. After correctly complying with the established treatment and receiving daily dressings by a specialised nurse, the evolution of the wound was not satisfactory, persisting dehiscent and exudative until the prosthetic material was exposed. For this reason, in week 8 of treatment (17 May 2016), the Plastic Surgery and Traumatology teams performed a joint operation in which a new debridement of the periprosthetic tissues, replacement of the polyethylene, reinforcement of the patellar tendon and skin coverage with a bipedicled graft from the posterior-internal thigh and coverage of the bed with a meshed graft that was extracted from the right lower limb. Both in the seven intraoperative samples and in the polyethylene sonication, S. epidermidis was recovered with a phenotype different from the previous one and resistant to cloxacillin, levofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, TMP-SMX, rifampicin and linezolid.
Differential diagnosis
In the assessment of any patient affected by acute joint inflammation on a recently implanted prosthesis, aseptic loosening of the prosthesis, haemarthrosis, prosthetic dislocation or periprosthetic fracture, and prosthetic infection should be considered as possible diagnoses. Other processes to take into account, although less prevalent during the first month after the operation, would be microcrystalline arthritis, systemic diseases, complicated Baker's cyst or periarticular processes (tendinitis, bursitis or sprains).
Evolution
After the last operation, it was decided to start targeted antibiotic treatment with intravenous dalbavancin at a dose of 1000mg weekly, together with oral doxycycline 100mg every 12 hours for 8 weeks under home hospitalisation. He had monthly check-ups at the doctor's office. In the last of these, nine months after the end of treatment, the graft is attached and healthy, there are no areas of dehiscence, fistula or cellulitis around the surgical wound, the prosthesis is stable, reaching 90o of flexion with no evidence of mobilisation in the conventional radiological study, and the analysis is normal. The patient reports being pain-free and ambulates without assistance.
Final diagnosis
Acute haematogenous infection of the right PTR by S. pyogenes. Early prosthetic infection on secondary arthroplasty by multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis.
| [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"69-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
",",
"independent",
"for",
"basic",
"activities",
"of",
"daily",
"living",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"asthma",
",",
"L5-S1",
"discopathy",
",",
"bilateral",
"gonarthrosis",
"and",
"impaired",
"fasting",
"blood",
"glucose",
".",
"On",
"6",
"October",
"2015",
",",
"she",
"underwent",
"surgery",
"to",
"implant",
"a",
"total",
"knee",
"prosthesis",
",",
"with",
"good",
"evolution",
"in",
"the",
"immediate",
"postoperative",
"period",
",",
"with",
"no",
"local",
"or",
"distant",
"infectious",
"complications",
".",
"After",
"discharge",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"achieved",
"full",
"functional",
"recovery",
",",
"ambulated",
"without",
"assistance",
"and",
"reported",
"no",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"joint",
".",
"On",
"12",
"November",
"2015",
",",
"she",
"abruptly",
"presented",
"with",
"inflammatory",
"pain",
",",
"synovial",
"effusion",
"and",
"almost",
"total",
"functional",
"impotence",
"of",
"the",
"joint",
",",
"associated",
"in",
"the",
"following",
"hours",
"with",
"a",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"with",
"chills",
"and",
"shivering",
".",
"He",
"therefore",
"went",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"where",
"frank",
"signs",
"of",
"arthritis",
"were",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"knee",
",",
"with",
"no",
"dehiscence",
"or",
"fistulas",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
"and",
"with",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
"being",
"anodyne",
".",
"Urgent",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"revealed",
"normocytic",
"anaemia",
",",
"mild",
"leukocytosis",
"and",
"elevated",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"348",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
")",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"findings",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Synovial",
"fluid",
"extracted",
"by",
"arthrocentesis",
"was",
"cloudy",
",",
"with",
"undetectable",
"glucose",
",",
"33",
",",
"600",
"leukocytes",
"(",
"95",
"%",
"PMN",
"5",
"%",
"MN",
")",
"and",
"protein",
"5",
".",
"32",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"Blood",
"and",
"synovial",
"fluid",
"cultures",
"were",
"requested",
"and",
"penicillin-sensitive",
"Streptococcous",
"pyogenes",
"was",
"isolated",
".",
"Plain",
"radiography",
"showed",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"implant",
"mobilisation",
"or",
"periprosthetic",
"fracture",
".",
"A",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"ruled",
"out",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"endocarditis",
".",
"With",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"presumed",
"infection",
"of",
"the",
"total",
"knee",
"prosthesis",
",",
"surgical",
"debridement",
"was",
"performed",
"on",
"13",
"November",
",",
"and",
"abundant",
"intraoperative",
"purulent",
"exudate",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"loosening",
"of",
"the",
"tibial",
"component",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"complete",
"resection",
"of",
"the",
"prosthesis",
"with",
"implantation",
"of",
"a",
"spacer",
"impregnated",
"with",
"vancomycin",
"and",
"gentamicin",
".",
"The",
"four",
"intraoperative",
"samples",
"of",
"periprosthetic",
"tissue",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"the",
"same",
"germ",
",",
"so",
"after",
"completing",
"a",
"brief",
"72-hour",
"period",
"of",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"de-escalated",
"to",
"intravenous",
"ceftriaxone",
"(",
"2g",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
")",
"for",
"two",
"weeks",
",",
"and",
"then",
"to",
"oral",
"amoxicillin",
",",
"1g",
"every",
"6",
"hours",
",",
"for",
"the",
"remaining",
"six",
"weeks",
".",
"After",
"successful",
"completion",
"of",
"the",
"treatment",
"and",
"normalisation",
"of",
"the",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
",",
"the",
"second",
"stage",
"of",
"surgery",
"with",
"reimplantation",
"of",
"the",
"secondary",
"arthroplasty",
"was",
"performed",
"on",
"25",
"February",
".",
"The",
"surgical",
"site",
"was",
"described",
"as",
"apparently",
"clean",
"and",
"all",
"four",
"culture",
"samples",
"obtained",
"prior",
"to",
"reimplantation",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"postoperative",
"course",
"was",
"torpid",
"due",
"to",
"medial",
"dehiscence",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
"that",
"gave",
"way",
"to",
"a",
"new",
"infection",
"on",
"the",
"implant",
",",
"this",
"time",
"by",
"Staphylococcus",
"epidermidis",
"resistant",
"to",
"cloxacillin",
",",
"levofloxacin",
",",
"erythromycin",
",",
"clindamycin",
"and",
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole",
",",
"rescued",
"in",
"the",
"four",
"intraoperative",
"samples",
"after",
"further",
"debridement",
"with",
"retention",
"of",
"the",
"implant",
"and",
"replacement",
"of",
"the",
"polyethylene",
"on",
"10",
"March",
"2016",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"completed",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"intravenous",
"daptomycin",
"(",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"24h",
")",
"and",
"oral",
"rifampicin",
"600mg",
"every",
"24h",
"for",
"two",
"weeks",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"linezolid",
"600",
"mg",
"every",
"12h",
".",
"After",
"correctly",
"complying",
"with",
"the",
"established",
"treatment",
"and",
"receiving",
"daily",
"dressings",
"by",
"a",
"specialised",
"nurse",
",",
"the",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"wound",
"was",
"not",
"satisfactory",
",",
"persisting",
"dehiscent",
"and",
"exudative",
"until",
"the",
"prosthetic",
"material",
"was",
"exposed",
".",
"For",
"this",
"reason",
",",
"in",
"week",
"8",
"of",
"treatment",
"(",
"17",
"May",
"2016",
")",
",",
"the",
"Plastic",
"Surgery",
"and",
"Traumatology",
"teams",
"performed",
"a",
"joint",
"operation",
"in",
"which",
"a",
"new",
"debridement",
"of",
"the",
"periprosthetic",
"tissues",
",",
"replacement",
"of",
"the",
"polyethylene",
",",
"reinforcement",
"of",
"the",
"patellar",
"tendon",
"and",
"skin",
"coverage",
"with",
"a",
"bipedicled",
"graft",
"from",
"the",
"posterior-internal",
"thigh",
"and",
"coverage",
"of",
"the",
"bed",
"with",
"a",
"meshed",
"graft",
"that",
"was",
"extracted",
"from",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
".",
"Both",
"in",
"the",
"seven",
"intraoperative",
"samples",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"polyethylene",
"sonication",
",",
"S",
".",
"epidermidis",
"was",
"recovered",
"with",
"a",
"phenotype",
"different",
"from",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
"and",
"resistant",
"to",
"cloxacillin",
",",
"levofloxacin",
",",
"erythromycin",
",",
"clindamycin",
",",
"TMP-SMX",
",",
"rifampicin",
"and",
"linezolid",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"In",
"the",
"assessment",
"of",
"any",
"patient",
"affected",
"by",
"acute",
"joint",
"inflammation",
"on",
"a",
"recently",
"implanted",
"prosthesis",
",",
"aseptic",
"loosening",
"of",
"the",
"prosthesis",
",",
"haemarthrosis",
",",
"prosthetic",
"dislocation",
"or",
"periprosthetic",
"fracture",
",",
"and",
"prosthetic",
"infection",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"as",
"possible",
"diagnoses",
".",
"Other",
"processes",
"to",
"take",
"into",
"account",
",",
"although",
"less",
"prevalent",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"month",
"after",
"the",
"operation",
",",
"would",
"be",
"microcrystalline",
"arthritis",
",",
"systemic",
"diseases",
",",
"complicated",
"Baker",
"'",
"s",
"cyst",
"or",
"periarticular",
"processes",
"(",
"tendinitis",
",",
"bursitis",
"or",
"sprains",
")",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"the",
"last",
"operation",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"intravenous",
"dalbavancin",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"1000mg",
"weekly",
",",
"together",
"with",
"oral",
"doxycycline",
"100mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"8",
"weeks",
"under",
"home",
"hospitalisation",
".",
"He",
"had",
"monthly",
"check-ups",
"at",
"the",
"doctor",
"'",
"s",
"office",
".",
"In",
"the",
"last",
"of",
"these",
",",
"nine",
"months",
"after",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"graft",
"is",
"attached",
"and",
"healthy",
",",
"there",
"are",
"no",
"areas",
"of",
"dehiscence",
",",
"fistula",
"or",
"cellulitis",
"around",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
",",
"the",
"prosthesis",
"is",
"stable",
",",
"reaching",
"90o",
"of",
"flexion",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"mobilisation",
"in",
"the",
"conventional",
"radiological",
"study",
",",
"and",
"the",
"analysis",
"is",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reports",
"being",
"pain-free",
"and",
"ambulates",
"without",
"assistance",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Acute",
"haematogenous",
"infection",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"PTR",
"by",
"S",
".",
"pyogenes",
".",
"Early",
"prosthetic",
"infection",
"on",
"secondary",
"arthroplasty",
"by",
"multidrug-resistant",
"S",
".",
"epidermidis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 37,
"end": 42
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 458,
"end": 465
},
{
"text": "germ",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2020,
"end": 2024
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2108,
"end": 2115
},
{
"text": "penicillin-sensitive Streptococcous pyogenes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1366,
"end": 1410
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2747,
"end": 2773
}
] | en |
Male patient, 42 years old, with no significant history of morbidity, who suffers an accident at work while driving a forklift, when he drives over a rock with his vehicle, receiving a blow and axial compression in the lumbar region, after which he suffers pain in the aforementioned area.
He was hospitalised and the pain was controlled medically, which partially subsided. On the fourth day, she presented with a fever associated with a compromised general condition, for which a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the lumbar spine was performed, which was not available; it showed central extruded herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) L5-S1 associated with an organised collection in the same space and significant compression of the dural sac.
The evolution of the laboratory tests is shown in the table in the appendix. Initially, HSV: 77 mm, CRP of 243.05 and leucocytes 4,600 with a left shift were observed, and empirical antibiotic treatment was started with ceftriaxone, metronidazole and gentamicin; fever dropped 48 hours after starting antibiotic treatment. Blood cultures isolated Staphylococcus aureus (SAMS) sensitive to cloxacillin, so antibiotic treatment was modified to cloxacillin 2 g c/6 ev plus cefazolin 1g c/8 ev, completing 20 days with this scheme.
Three weeks after the onset of symptoms, the patient was referred to our centre for management by the spine team. A new MRI of the lumbar spine was performed, showing an image compatible with a posterior peridural abscess which, when analysed in relation to the previous images, suggested that it was initially a haematoma related to a traumatic L5-S1 PNH, which subsequently became infected.
Intravenous antibiotic treatment was maintained, ruling out the surgical option because the patient evolved afebrile and asymptomatic from the neurological point of view, being discharged without neurological deficit, with inflammatory parameters in clear decrease after completing 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic treatment, with oral scheme of cefadroxil 1 g c/12, for 4 weeks.
| [
"Male",
"patient",
",",
"42",
"years",
"old",
",",
"with",
"no",
"significant",
"history",
"of",
"morbidity",
",",
"who",
"suffers",
"an",
"accident",
"at",
"work",
"while",
"driving",
"a",
"forklift",
",",
"when",
"he",
"drives",
"over",
"a",
"rock",
"with",
"his",
"vehicle",
",",
"receiving",
"a",
"blow",
"and",
"axial",
"compression",
"in",
"the",
"lumbar",
"region",
",",
"after",
"which",
"he",
"suffers",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"aforementioned",
"area",
".",
"He",
"was",
"hospitalised",
"and",
"the",
"pain",
"was",
"controlled",
"medically",
",",
"which",
"partially",
"subsided",
".",
"On",
"the",
"fourth",
"day",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"a",
"fever",
"associated",
"with",
"a",
"compromised",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"for",
"which",
"a",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"lumbar",
"spine",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"was",
"not",
"available",
";",
"it",
"showed",
"central",
"extruded",
"herniated",
"nucleus",
"pulposus",
"(",
"HNP",
")",
"L5-S1",
"associated",
"with",
"an",
"organised",
"collection",
"in",
"the",
"same",
"space",
"and",
"significant",
"compression",
"of",
"the",
"dural",
"sac",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"is",
"shown",
"in",
"the",
"table",
"in",
"the",
"appendix",
".",
"Initially",
",",
"HSV",
":",
"77",
"mm",
",",
"CRP",
"of",
"243",
".",
"05",
"and",
"leucocytes",
"4",
",",
"600",
"with",
"a",
"left",
"shift",
"were",
"observed",
",",
"and",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
",",
"metronidazole",
"and",
"gentamicin",
";",
"fever",
"dropped",
"48",
"hours",
"after",
"starting",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"isolated",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"(",
"SAMS",
")",
"sensitive",
"to",
"cloxacillin",
",",
"so",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"modified",
"to",
"cloxacillin",
"2",
"g",
"c",
"/",
"6",
"ev",
"plus",
"cefazolin",
"1g",
"c",
"/",
"8",
"ev",
",",
"completing",
"20",
"days",
"with",
"this",
"scheme",
".",
"Three",
"weeks",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"symptoms",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"our",
"centre",
"for",
"management",
"by",
"the",
"spine",
"team",
".",
"A",
"new",
"MRI",
"of",
"the",
"lumbar",
"spine",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"an",
"image",
"compatible",
"with",
"a",
"posterior",
"peridural",
"abscess",
"which",
",",
"when",
"analysed",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"images",
",",
"suggested",
"that",
"it",
"was",
"initially",
"a",
"haematoma",
"related",
"to",
"a",
"traumatic",
"L5-S1",
"PNH",
",",
"which",
"subsequently",
"became",
"infected",
".",
"Intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"maintained",
",",
"ruling",
"out",
"the",
"surgical",
"option",
"because",
"the",
"patient",
"evolved",
"afebrile",
"and",
"asymptomatic",
"from",
"the",
"neurological",
"point",
"of",
"view",
",",
"being",
"discharged",
"without",
"neurological",
"deficit",
",",
"with",
"inflammatory",
"parameters",
"in",
"clear",
"decrease",
"after",
"completing",
"6",
"weeks",
"of",
"intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"oral",
"scheme",
"of",
"cefadroxil",
"1",
"g",
"c",
"/",
"12",
",",
"for",
"4",
"weeks",
"."
] | [
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5,
"end": 12
},
{
"text": "Male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 12
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1099,
"end": 1120
},
{
"text": "SAMS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1122,
"end": 1126
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1326,
"end": 1333
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1767,
"end": 1774
}
] | en |
A 14-year-old male patient, resident of the city of Medellín, previously asymptomatic, was referred to the urology department of the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe with a diagnosis of a left testicular mass. The patient incidentally palpated a painless testicular mass in the left scrotal area, without noting its growth over time, unrelated to local trauma or associated with other symptoms. He initially consulted his local doctor and an ultrasound study was ordered, which showed two rounded, well-defined images of similar size, shape and echogenicity in the left scrotal sac, measuring an average of 9 x 11 mm, which also showed a similar Doppler pattern. This study ruled out lesions in the epididymis. With this result, they suggested ruling out a testicular mass or supernumerary testicle and referred him to the internist, who ordered a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which reported the presence of three well-defined oval-shaped structures in the scrotal sac, compatible with two testicles and one additional one (see Fig. 2), without masses or adenopathies. Because of these findings he was referred to urology. The patient had a negative personal history. On physical examination, the patient was found to be in good general condition, with vital signs within normal parameters for his age and with adequate pondo-stural development; there were no palpable masses or hernias in the abdomen, and no inguinal lymphadenopathies. In the external genitalia, the penis was normal, and two healthy testicles were palpated, as well as a spherical adenomatous mass, located in the upper (proximal) area of the left hemiscrotal, mobile, non-painful, easily detachable with the fingers, with no nodulations or signs of local inflammation.
Based on the clinical history, complementary studies and physical examination findings, a diagnostic impression of paratesticular mass or PQ is made. With this clinical approach and prior review of the subject, it is decided to perform surgery for exploration and resection of the lesion, with the prior informed consent of the patient and his family. Under general anaesthesia, a transverse scrotal incision was made, with subsequent dissection by planes up to the albuginea on the left side, observing the presence of two structures of equal size, appearance and consistency compatible with testicles, being joined by a common epididymis and each with a vascular bundle, where only one, This led us to think that it corresponded in its embryological origin to the superior testicular pole, while the other, located proximally or superiorly, had a very dilated and unique venous bundle. The latter was sectioned, ligated with exhaustive haemostasis and cut; a rounded carmelite-coloured structure of firm consistency, approximately 1.2 cm in its largest diameter, was obtained, which was sent for anatomopathological study. A pocket is then made in the subdural space where the healthy testicle is placed and fixed with Vicryl® 4-0 (Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson) absorbable organic suture material (polyglactin). A plane closure is performed and a left ilioinguinal nerve block is made on the left side. The patient was discharged immediately postoperatively and progressed satisfactorily, without complications. Two fragments were processed for the pathology report and histological sections showed a normal testicle. No seminal intratubular neoplasia.
| [
"A",
"14-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
",",
"resident",
"of",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Medellín",
",",
"previously",
"asymptomatic",
",",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"urology",
"department",
"of",
"the",
"Hospital",
"Pablo",
"Tobón",
"Uribe",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"a",
"left",
"testicular",
"mass",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"incidentally",
"palpated",
"a",
"painless",
"testicular",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"scrotal",
"area",
",",
"without",
"noting",
"its",
"growth",
"over",
"time",
",",
"unrelated",
"to",
"local",
"trauma",
"or",
"associated",
"with",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"He",
"initially",
"consulted",
"his",
"local",
"doctor",
"and",
"an",
"ultrasound",
"study",
"was",
"ordered",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"two",
"rounded",
",",
"well-defined",
"images",
"of",
"similar",
"size",
",",
"shape",
"and",
"echogenicity",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"scrotal",
"sac",
",",
"measuring",
"an",
"average",
"of",
"9",
"x",
"11",
"mm",
",",
"which",
"also",
"showed",
"a",
"similar",
"Doppler",
"pattern",
".",
"This",
"study",
"ruled",
"out",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"epididymis",
".",
"With",
"this",
"result",
",",
"they",
"suggested",
"ruling",
"out",
"a",
"testicular",
"mass",
"or",
"supernumerary",
"testicle",
"and",
"referred",
"him",
"to",
"the",
"internist",
",",
"who",
"ordered",
"a",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
",",
"which",
"reported",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"three",
"well-defined",
"oval-shaped",
"structures",
"in",
"the",
"scrotal",
"sac",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"two",
"testicles",
"and",
"one",
"additional",
"one",
"(",
"see",
"Fig",
".",
"2",
")",
",",
"without",
"masses",
"or",
"adenopathies",
".",
"Because",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"urology",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"negative",
"personal",
"history",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"with",
"vital",
"signs",
"within",
"normal",
"parameters",
"for",
"his",
"age",
"and",
"with",
"adequate",
"pondo-stural",
"development",
";",
"there",
"were",
"no",
"palpable",
"masses",
"or",
"hernias",
"in",
"the",
"abdomen",
",",
"and",
"no",
"inguinal",
"lymphadenopathies",
".",
"In",
"the",
"external",
"genitalia",
",",
"the",
"penis",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"and",
"two",
"healthy",
"testicles",
"were",
"palpated",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"spherical",
"adenomatous",
"mass",
",",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"(",
"proximal",
")",
"area",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"hemiscrotal",
",",
"mobile",
",",
"non-painful",
",",
"easily",
"detachable",
"with",
"the",
"fingers",
",",
"with",
"no",
"nodulations",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"local",
"inflammation",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"the",
"clinical",
"history",
",",
"complementary",
"studies",
"and",
"physical",
"examination",
"findings",
",",
"a",
"diagnostic",
"impression",
"of",
"paratesticular",
"mass",
"or",
"PQ",
"is",
"made",
".",
"With",
"this",
"clinical",
"approach",
"and",
"prior",
"review",
"of",
"the",
"subject",
",",
"it",
"is",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"surgery",
"for",
"exploration",
"and",
"resection",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
",",
"with",
"the",
"prior",
"informed",
"consent",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"and",
"his",
"family",
".",
"Under",
"general",
"anaesthesia",
",",
"a",
"transverse",
"scrotal",
"incision",
"was",
"made",
",",
"with",
"subsequent",
"dissection",
"by",
"planes",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"albuginea",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"side",
",",
"observing",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"two",
"structures",
"of",
"equal",
"size",
",",
"appearance",
"and",
"consistency",
"compatible",
"with",
"testicles",
",",
"being",
"joined",
"by",
"a",
"common",
"epididymis",
"and",
"each",
"with",
"a",
"vascular",
"bundle",
",",
"where",
"only",
"one",
",",
"This",
"led",
"us",
"to",
"think",
"that",
"it",
"corresponded",
"in",
"its",
"embryological",
"origin",
"to",
"the",
"superior",
"testicular",
"pole",
",",
"while",
"the",
"other",
",",
"located",
"proximally",
"or",
"superiorly",
",",
"had",
"a",
"very",
"dilated",
"and",
"unique",
"venous",
"bundle",
".",
"The",
"latter",
"was",
"sectioned",
",",
"ligated",
"with",
"exhaustive",
"haemostasis",
"and",
"cut",
";",
"a",
"rounded",
"carmelite-coloured",
"structure",
"of",
"firm",
"consistency",
",",
"approximately",
"1",
".",
"2",
"cm",
"in",
"its",
"largest",
"diameter",
",",
"was",
"obtained",
",",
"which",
"was",
"sent",
"for",
"anatomopathological",
"study",
".",
"A",
"pocket",
"is",
"then",
"made",
"in",
"the",
"subdural",
"space",
"where",
"the",
"healthy",
"testicle",
"is",
"placed",
"and",
"fixed",
"with",
"Vicryl",
"®",
"4-0",
"(",
"Ethicon",
",",
"Johnson",
"&",
"Johnson",
")",
"absorbable",
"organic",
"suture",
"material",
"(",
"polyglactin",
")",
".",
"A",
"plane",
"closure",
"is",
"performed",
"and",
"a",
"left",
"ilioinguinal",
"nerve",
"block",
"is",
"made",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"side",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"immediately",
"postoperatively",
"and",
"progressed",
"satisfactorily",
",",
"without",
"complications",
".",
"Two",
"fragments",
"were",
"processed",
"for",
"the",
"pathology",
"report",
"and",
"histological",
"sections",
"showed",
"a",
"normal",
"testicle",
".",
"No",
"seminal",
"intratubular",
"neoplasia",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 208,
"end": 215
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1126,
"end": 1133
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1196,
"end": 1203
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1149,
"end": 1157
},
{
"text": "doctor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 422,
"end": 428
},
{
"text": "internist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 817,
"end": 826
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2068,
"end": 2075
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3147,
"end": 3154
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2084,
"end": 2090
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 72-year-old woman came to the dermatology clinic for a lesion of six days' evolution on the left elbow, associated with fever in the days prior to the consultation, otherwise without other symptoms. She had suffered a trauma to the area with a plant two weeks earlier, although this history was not reported until several days after the first contact with our department. The patient had no family history of interest and suffered from type II diabetes mellitus in treatment with oral antidiabetics, hypothyroidism in replacement treatment with levothyroxine and breast cancer in remission since 2009. She had no toxic habits, recent changes in her usual medication or contact with the countryside and/or animals.
Physical examination
On the left elbow there was an erythematous and violaceous plaque of approximately 2x2.5 cm, circular, with a pseudovesicular and pustular surface that later ulcerated and showed a haemorrhagic-purulent exudate and a perilesional erythematous halo. In addition, there were mobile lymph nodes approximately 1 cm in size and painful at the axillary level and medially to the antecubital fossa.
Complementary examinations
The following complementary tests were performed:
1. Iconography. Photograph of the primary skin lesion and of the adenopathies in transit after the patient had signed an informed consent form.
Biopsy. After signing the informed consent form and under local anaesthesia with 2% mepivacaine, samples were taken with a 4 mm punch from the periphery of the lesion and from the centre. These samples were sent to anatomical pathology and microbiology respectively. Pathological anatomy: the biopsy revealed an unaltered epidermis and a histiocytic infiltrate in the hypodermis (detected by CD68 staining), microabcesses and necrosis. There was no evidence of fungal infection on silver staining. Microbiology: cultures were grown on Sabouraud dextrose Agar medium, among others, and orange colonies giving off a damp earthy odour were obtained, which were identified as Nocardia brasiliensis. An antibiogram showed sensitivity to: trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, cefotaxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate and tigecycline; and resistance to: amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem.
Culture and Gram. Samples were obtained with a swab for culture and Gram staining. Culture and gram stain of the exudate showed external contamination flora.
3. Analytical analysis
- Haemoglobin: haemoglobin: 10.6 g/dl, leucocytes: 5550 with normal formula, platelets 291000, V.S.G.: 26 mm/hour.
- Biochemistry: normal hepatic and renal profiles with C-reactive protein levels of 28.5 mg/L.
- Proteinogram: tracing compatible with moderate inflammatory syndrome and moderate hypogammaglobulinemia.
- Normal coagulation.
4. Serology for rickettsiae and borrelia were negative.
Diagnosis
Nodular lymphangitis due to nocardia brasiliensis.
Treatment
Initially, a clinical diagnosis of possible arthropod bite was established and empirical treatment with cefotaxime 1g/8 h IV, metronidazole 500 mg/8 h IV and ciprofloxacin 250mg/12 h PO, in addition to local treatment with fusidic acid and betamethasone. After microbiological diagnosis, the treatment of choice was established with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 169mg/800mg every 12 hours for three months.
Evolution
The patient's evolution was favourable, with complete healing of the primary lesion three weeks after the treatment of choice and disappearance of the lymphadenopathy in transit after one month. There was no evidence of cytopenias throughout the treatment and the patient is currently asymptomatic.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"72-year-old",
"woman",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"dermatology",
"clinic",
"for",
"a",
"lesion",
"of",
"six",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"elbow",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"fever",
"in",
"the",
"days",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"consultation",
",",
"otherwise",
"without",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"She",
"had",
"suffered",
"a",
"trauma",
"to",
"the",
"area",
"with",
"a",
"plant",
"two",
"weeks",
"earlier",
",",
"although",
"this",
"history",
"was",
"not",
"reported",
"until",
"several",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"first",
"contact",
"with",
"our",
"department",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"and",
"suffered",
"from",
"type",
"II",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"in",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"antidiabetics",
",",
"hypothyroidism",
"in",
"replacement",
"treatment",
"with",
"levothyroxine",
"and",
"breast",
"cancer",
"in",
"remission",
"since",
"2009",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"toxic",
"habits",
",",
"recent",
"changes",
"in",
"her",
"usual",
"medication",
"or",
"contact",
"with",
"the",
"countryside",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"animals",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"On",
"the",
"left",
"elbow",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"erythematous",
"and",
"violaceous",
"plaque",
"of",
"approximately",
"2x2",
".",
"5",
"cm",
",",
"circular",
",",
"with",
"a",
"pseudovesicular",
"and",
"pustular",
"surface",
"that",
"later",
"ulcerated",
"and",
"showed",
"a",
"haemorrhagic-purulent",
"exudate",
"and",
"a",
"perilesional",
"erythematous",
"halo",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"there",
"were",
"mobile",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"approximately",
"1",
"cm",
"in",
"size",
"and",
"painful",
"at",
"the",
"axillary",
"level",
"and",
"medially",
"to",
"the",
"antecubital",
"fossa",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"The",
"following",
"complementary",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
":",
"1",
".",
"Iconography",
".",
"Photograph",
"of",
"the",
"primary",
"skin",
"lesion",
"and",
"of",
"the",
"adenopathies",
"in",
"transit",
"after",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"signed",
"an",
"informed",
"consent",
"form",
".",
"Biopsy",
".",
"After",
"signing",
"the",
"informed",
"consent",
"form",
"and",
"under",
"local",
"anaesthesia",
"with",
"2",
"%",
"mepivacaine",
",",
"samples",
"were",
"taken",
"with",
"a",
"4",
"mm",
"punch",
"from",
"the",
"periphery",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"and",
"from",
"the",
"centre",
".",
"These",
"samples",
"were",
"sent",
"to",
"anatomical",
"pathology",
"and",
"microbiology",
"respectively",
".",
"Pathological",
"anatomy",
":",
"the",
"biopsy",
"revealed",
"an",
"unaltered",
"epidermis",
"and",
"a",
"histiocytic",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"the",
"hypodermis",
"(",
"detected",
"by",
"CD68",
"staining",
")",
",",
"microabcesses",
"and",
"necrosis",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"fungal",
"infection",
"on",
"silver",
"staining",
".",
"Microbiology",
":",
"cultures",
"were",
"grown",
"on",
"Sabouraud",
"dextrose",
"Agar",
"medium",
",",
"among",
"others",
",",
"and",
"orange",
"colonies",
"giving",
"off",
"a",
"damp",
"earthy",
"odour",
"were",
"obtained",
",",
"which",
"were",
"identified",
"as",
"Nocardia",
"brasiliensis",
".",
"An",
"antibiogram",
"showed",
"sensitivity",
"to",
":",
"trimethoprim",
"sulfamethoxazole",
",",
"linezolid",
",",
"cefotaxime",
",",
"amoxicillin",
"/",
"clavulanate",
"and",
"tigecycline",
";",
"and",
"resistance",
"to",
":",
"amikacin",
",",
"ciprofloxacin",
",",
"levofloxacin",
",",
"imipenem",
".",
"Culture",
"and",
"Gram",
".",
"Samples",
"were",
"obtained",
"with",
"a",
"swab",
"for",
"culture",
"and",
"Gram",
"staining",
".",
"Culture",
"and",
"gram",
"stain",
"of",
"the",
"exudate",
"showed",
"external",
"contamination",
"flora",
".",
"3",
".",
"Analytical",
"analysis",
"-",
"Haemoglobin",
":",
"haemoglobin",
":",
"10",
".",
"6",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"leucocytes",
":",
"5550",
"with",
"normal",
"formula",
",",
"platelets",
"291000",
",",
"V",
".",
"S",
".",
"G",
".",
":",
"26",
"mm",
"/",
"hour",
".",
"-",
"Biochemistry",
":",
"normal",
"hepatic",
"and",
"renal",
"profiles",
"with",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"levels",
"of",
"28",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"-",
"Proteinogram",
":",
"tracing",
"compatible",
"with",
"moderate",
"inflammatory",
"syndrome",
"and",
"moderate",
"hypogammaglobulinemia",
".",
"-",
"Normal",
"coagulation",
".",
"4",
".",
"Serology",
"for",
"rickettsiae",
"and",
"borrelia",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Nodular",
"lymphangitis",
"due",
"to",
"nocardia",
"brasiliensis",
".",
"Treatment",
"Initially",
",",
"a",
"clinical",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"possible",
"arthropod",
"bite",
"was",
"established",
"and",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"with",
"cefotaxime",
"1g",
"/",
"8",
"h",
"IV",
",",
"metronidazole",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"8",
"h",
"IV",
"and",
"ciprofloxacin",
"250mg",
"/",
"12",
"h",
"PO",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"local",
"treatment",
"with",
"fusidic",
"acid",
"and",
"betamethasone",
".",
"After",
"microbiological",
"diagnosis",
",",
"the",
"treatment",
"of",
"choice",
"was",
"established",
"with",
"trimethoprim",
"sulfamethoxazole",
"169mg",
"/",
"800mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"three",
"months",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
"was",
"favourable",
",",
"with",
"complete",
"healing",
"of",
"the",
"primary",
"lesion",
"three",
"weeks",
"after",
"the",
"treatment",
"of",
"choice",
"and",
"disappearance",
"of",
"the",
"lymphadenopathy",
"in",
"transit",
"after",
"one",
"month",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"cytopenias",
"throughout",
"the",
"treatment",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"currently",
"asymptomatic",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 717,
"end": 724
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 403,
"end": 409
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 388,
"end": 395
},
{
"text": "plant",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 256,
"end": 261
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1317,
"end": 1324
},
{
"text": "Nocardia brasiliensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2034,
"end": 2055
},
{
"text": "orange colonies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1947,
"end": 1962
},
{
"text": "fungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1823,
"end": 1829
},
{
"text": "flora",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2409,
"end": 2414
},
{
"text": "borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2810,
"end": 2818
},
{
"text": "rickettsiae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2794,
"end": 2805
},
{
"text": "nocardia brasiliensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2873,
"end": 2894
},
{
"text": "arthropod",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2951,
"end": 2960
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3330,
"end": 3337
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3590,
"end": 3597
}
] | en |
A 45-year-old African-American woman, forty-five years old, 40 weeks and 2 days gestation, presented to the service on 25 March 2020 with contractions and vomiting. The patient had a history of two term vaginal deliveries and diet-controlled gestational diabetes (GDMA1). Her body mass index (BMI) was 44.6 kg/m2. Her medical history was only relevant in terms of obesity and advanced age of pregnancy. Her only medication was daily prenatal vitamins. The patient had no known contact with COVID-19 cases and had not travelled outside the United States during the past month. She was noted to be tachycardic with a pulse of 120 bpm, fetal tachycardia with a baseline fetal pulse of 170 bpm and a baseline temperature of 37.5°C. She was admitted with hydration and hydration. She was admitted with i.v. hydration and prolonged monitoring. Two hours after admission, the patient's temperature rose to 38.2°C and radiological tests revealed pulmonary oedema and ground-glass appearance. Six hours after the initial consultation, the patient presented with severe hypertension at both limits, with a pressure of 183/114 mm Hg, pulse 130 bpm, respiratory rate of 26 bpm, temperature of 38.1°C and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 96%. Taking into account the extreme blood pressure, a pre-eclampsia profile was done which revealed proteinuria of 1+, thrombocytes of 274,000 per mcL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 32 IU/L and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 24 IU/L. A diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was made and treatment with magnesium sulphate was started to prevent possible crises. The patient's respiratory rate increased to 40 r.p.m. and SpO2 decreased to 80% with nasal cannula oxygen therapy. After discussion with the departments of maternal-fetal medicine, anaesthesia, general obstetrics and gynaecology and cardiology, it was decided to remove the foetus to allow maternal resuscitation. A caesarean section was performed 7.5 hours after the initial consultation, on 26 March 2020. On day 0 post-operatively, maternal arterial blood gases showed a pH of 7.27, pCO2 of 31 mm Hg, pO2 of 117 mm Hg, HCO3 of 16 mEq/L and a base excess (BE) of-11 mmol/L. A follow-up chest X-ray revealed small bilateral peripheral opacities, with a differential diagnosis including atypical pneumonia and congestive heart failure. Because of suspected congestive heart failure, magnesium sulphate was withdrawn and i.v. furosemide was administered. Cardiology was consulted for an echocardiogram, which showed a reduced LV ejection fraction of 40% with global hypokinesia; the patient was diagnosed with acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Taking into account the clinical picture of fever, tachypnoea and chest X-ray findings, against the background of a pandemic, a GeneXpert PCR test for COVID-19 RNA was performed and was positive. Additional analytical tests found normal troponin (0.046 ng/mL), brain natriuretic peptide (114 pg/mL, normal < 100 pg/mL) and procalcitonin (0.13 ng/mL, normal < 0.10 ng/mL). On postoperative day 4, chest X-ray showed worsening bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and, despite oxygen therapy, SpO2 could not be maintained above 90%. An electrocardiogram was performed, which revealed non-specific T-wave alterations in an otherwise normal ECG, with a QT/QTc of 354/465 ms (both normal). Serum potassium was 3.7 mEq/L (normal). The patient's condition did not improve and treatment was started with 60 mg i.v. methylprednisolone every 3 hours and 400 mg hydroxychloroquine orally every 12 hours for 24 hours, followed by 400 mg orally per day. That same afternoon, after administration of the initial doses, she started desaturating at 86% with 6 L via nasal cannula. Maternal arterial blood gases showed a pH of 7.07, pCO2 of 75 mm Hg, pO2 of 85 mm Hg, HCO3 of 21.7 mEq/L and a base excess of-2 mmol/L. She was placed on a 15 L reservoir mask, which initially improved SpO2 to 90% and on postoperative day 4 she was started on 100 mg i.v. methylprednisolone per day. On postoperative day 5 the patient desaturated again to 80%. Since our institutional protocol on COVID-19 advises to avoid non-invasive mechanical ventilation that could aerosolise viral particles, the patient was intubated under anaesthesia, but no improvement was observed. Pulse rate dropped to about 30 l.p.m. and the patient presented with pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started and return of spontaneous circulation was achieved after five minutes of CPR. After arrest, his troponin value reached 0.930 ng/mL (normal < 0.4 ng/mL), with a brain natriuretic peptide of 323 pg/mL. After CPR, i.v. norepinephrine treatment was started, initially at 8 mcg/min, with dose titration up to 20 mcg/min. A dose of 800 mg i.v. tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist, was administered. At the time of writing (2 April 2020), the patient is on postoperative day 7 and remains intubated and ventilated in the intensive care unit, awake and showing movement in all 4 limbs; SpO2 is 96% and i.v. infusion of norepinephrine at 20 mcg/min, i.v. methylprednisolone at 100 mg per day and oral hydroxychloroquine at 400 mg per day is being maintained. The most relevant values of the analytical tests are troponin at 0.046 ng/mL and a marked increase in procalcitonin at 48.21 ng/mL.
| [
"",
"A",
"45-year-old",
"African-American",
"woman",
",",
"forty-five",
"years",
"old",
",",
"40",
"weeks",
"and",
"2",
"days",
"gestation",
",",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"service",
"on",
"25",
"March",
"2020",
"with",
"contractions",
"and",
"vomiting",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"two",
"term",
"vaginal",
"deliveries",
"and",
"diet-controlled",
"gestational",
"diabetes",
"(",
"GDMA1",
")",
".",
"Her",
"body",
"mass",
"index",
"(",
"BMI",
")",
"was",
"44",
".",
"6",
"kg",
"/",
"m2",
".",
"Her",
"medical",
"history",
"was",
"only",
"relevant",
"in",
"terms",
"of",
"obesity",
"and",
"advanced",
"age",
"of",
"pregnancy",
".",
"Her",
"only",
"medication",
"was",
"daily",
"prenatal",
"vitamins",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"no",
"known",
"contact",
"with",
"COVID-19",
"cases",
"and",
"had",
"not",
"travelled",
"outside",
"the",
"United",
"States",
"during",
"the",
"past",
"month",
".",
"She",
"was",
"noted",
"to",
"be",
"tachycardic",
"with",
"a",
"pulse",
"of",
"120",
"bpm",
",",
"fetal",
"tachycardia",
"with",
"a",
"baseline",
"fetal",
"pulse",
"of",
"170",
"bpm",
"and",
"a",
"baseline",
"temperature",
"of",
"37",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
".",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"hydration",
"and",
"hydration",
".",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"hydration",
"and",
"prolonged",
"monitoring",
".",
"Two",
"hours",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"temperature",
"rose",
"to",
"38",
".",
"2",
"°",
"C",
"and",
"radiological",
"tests",
"revealed",
"pulmonary",
"oedema",
"and",
"ground-glass",
"appearance",
".",
"Six",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"initial",
"consultation",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"severe",
"hypertension",
"at",
"both",
"limits",
",",
"with",
"a",
"pressure",
"of",
"183",
"/",
"114",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"pulse",
"130",
"bpm",
",",
"respiratory",
"rate",
"of",
"26",
"bpm",
",",
"temperature",
"of",
"38",
".",
"1",
"°",
"C",
"and",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"(",
"SpO2",
")",
"of",
"96",
"%",
".",
"Taking",
"into",
"account",
"the",
"extreme",
"blood",
"pressure",
",",
"a",
"pre-eclampsia",
"profile",
"was",
"done",
"which",
"revealed",
"proteinuria",
"of",
"1",
"+",
",",
"thrombocytes",
"of",
"274",
",",
"000",
"per",
"mcL",
",",
"aspartate",
"aminotransferase",
"(",
"AST",
")",
"of",
"32",
"IU",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"alanine",
"aminotransferase",
"(",
"ALT",
")",
"of",
"24",
"IU",
"/",
"L",
".",
"A",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"pre-eclampsia",
"was",
"made",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"magnesium",
"sulphate",
"was",
"started",
"to",
"prevent",
"possible",
"crises",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"respiratory",
"rate",
"increased",
"to",
"40",
"r",
".",
"p",
".",
"m",
".",
"and",
"SpO2",
"decreased",
"to",
"80",
"%",
"with",
"nasal",
"cannula",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
".",
"After",
"discussion",
"with",
"the",
"departments",
"of",
"maternal-fetal",
"medicine",
",",
"anaesthesia",
",",
"general",
"obstetrics",
"and",
"gynaecology",
"and",
"cardiology",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"remove",
"the",
"foetus",
"to",
"allow",
"maternal",
"resuscitation",
".",
"A",
"caesarean",
"section",
"was",
"performed",
"7",
".",
"5",
"hours",
"after",
"the",
"initial",
"consultation",
",",
"on",
"26",
"March",
"2020",
".",
"On",
"day",
"0",
"post-operatively",
",",
"maternal",
"arterial",
"blood",
"gases",
"showed",
"a",
"pH",
"of",
"7",
".",
"27",
",",
"pCO2",
"of",
"31",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"pO2",
"of",
"117",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"HCO3",
"of",
"16",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"a",
"base",
"excess",
"(",
"BE",
")",
"of-11",
"mmol",
"/",
"L",
".",
"A",
"follow-up",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"revealed",
"small",
"bilateral",
"peripheral",
"opacities",
",",
"with",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"including",
"atypical",
"pneumonia",
"and",
"congestive",
"heart",
"failure",
".",
"Because",
"of",
"suspected",
"congestive",
"heart",
"failure",
",",
"magnesium",
"sulphate",
"was",
"withdrawn",
"and",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"furosemide",
"was",
"administered",
".",
"Cardiology",
"was",
"consulted",
"for",
"an",
"echocardiogram",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"reduced",
"LV",
"ejection",
"fraction",
"of",
"40",
"%",
"with",
"global",
"hypokinesia",
";",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"acute",
"heart",
"failure",
"with",
"reduced",
"ejection",
"fraction",
".",
"Taking",
"into",
"account",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"tachypnoea",
"and",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"findings",
",",
"against",
"the",
"background",
"of",
"a",
"pandemic",
",",
"a",
"GeneXpert",
"PCR",
"test",
"for",
"COVID-19",
"RNA",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"Additional",
"analytical",
"tests",
"found",
"normal",
"troponin",
"(",
"0",
".",
"046",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
")",
",",
"brain",
"natriuretic",
"peptide",
"(",
"114",
"pg",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"normal",
"<",
"100",
"pg",
"/",
"mL",
")",
"and",
"procalcitonin",
"(",
"0",
".",
"13",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"normal",
"<",
"0",
".",
"10",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
")",
".",
"On",
"postoperative",
"day",
"4",
",",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"worsening",
"bilateral",
"pulmonary",
"infiltrates",
"and",
",",
"despite",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
",",
"SpO2",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"maintained",
"above",
"90",
"%",
".",
"An",
"electrocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"non-specific",
"T-wave",
"alterations",
"in",
"an",
"otherwise",
"normal",
"ECG",
",",
"with",
"a",
"QT",
"/",
"QTc",
"of",
"354",
"/",
"465",
"ms",
"(",
"both",
"normal",
")",
".",
"Serum",
"potassium",
"was",
"3",
".",
"7",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"normal",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"condition",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"60",
"mg",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"methylprednisolone",
"every",
"3",
"hours",
"and",
"400",
"mg",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"orally",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"400",
"mg",
"orally",
"per",
"day",
".",
"That",
"same",
"afternoon",
",",
"after",
"administration",
"of",
"the",
"initial",
"doses",
",",
"she",
"started",
"desaturating",
"at",
"86",
"%",
"with",
"6",
"L",
"via",
"nasal",
"cannula",
".",
"Maternal",
"arterial",
"blood",
"gases",
"showed",
"a",
"pH",
"of",
"7",
".",
"07",
",",
"pCO2",
"of",
"75",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"pO2",
"of",
"85",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"HCO3",
"of",
"21",
".",
"7",
"mEq",
"/",
"L",
"and",
"a",
"base",
"excess",
"of-2",
"mmol",
"/",
"L",
".",
"She",
"was",
"placed",
"on",
"a",
"15",
"L",
"reservoir",
"mask",
",",
"which",
"initially",
"improved",
"SpO2",
"to",
"90",
"%",
"and",
"on",
"postoperative",
"day",
"4",
"she",
"was",
"started",
"on",
"100",
"mg",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"methylprednisolone",
"per",
"day",
".",
"On",
"postoperative",
"day",
"5",
"the",
"patient",
"desaturated",
"again",
"to",
"80",
"%",
".",
"Since",
"our",
"institutional",
"protocol",
"on",
"COVID-19",
"advises",
"to",
"avoid",
"non-invasive",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
"that",
"could",
"aerosolise",
"viral",
"particles",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"intubated",
"under",
"anaesthesia",
",",
"but",
"no",
"improvement",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"Pulse",
"rate",
"dropped",
"to",
"about",
"30",
"l",
".",
"p",
".",
"m",
".",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"pulseless",
"electrical",
"activity",
"(",
"PEA",
")",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"resuscitation",
"(",
"CPR",
")",
"was",
"started",
"and",
"return",
"of",
"spontaneous",
"circulation",
"was",
"achieved",
"after",
"five",
"minutes",
"of",
"CPR",
".",
"After",
"arrest",
",",
"his",
"troponin",
"value",
"reached",
"0",
".",
"930",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
"(",
"normal",
"<",
"0",
".",
"4",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
")",
",",
"with",
"a",
"brain",
"natriuretic",
"peptide",
"of",
"323",
"pg",
"/",
"mL",
".",
"After",
"CPR",
",",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"norepinephrine",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
",",
"initially",
"at",
"8",
"mcg",
"/",
"min",
",",
"with",
"dose",
"titration",
"up",
"to",
"20",
"mcg",
"/",
"min",
".",
"A",
"dose",
"of",
"800",
"mg",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"tocilizumab",
",",
"an",
"interleukin-6",
"(",
"IL-6",
")",
"receptor",
"antagonist",
",",
"was",
"administered",
".",
"At",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"writing",
"(",
"2",
"April",
"2020",
")",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"on",
"postoperative",
"day",
"7",
"and",
"remains",
"intubated",
"and",
"ventilated",
"in",
"the",
"intensive",
"care",
"unit",
",",
"awake",
"and",
"showing",
"movement",
"in",
"all",
"4",
"limbs",
";",
"SpO2",
"is",
"96",
"%",
"and",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"infusion",
"of",
"norepinephrine",
"at",
"20",
"mcg",
"/",
"min",
",",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"methylprednisolone",
"at",
"100",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"and",
"oral",
"hydroxychloroquine",
"at",
"400",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"is",
"being",
"maintained",
".",
"The",
"most",
"relevant",
"values",
"of",
"the",
"analytical",
"tests",
"are",
"troponin",
"at",
"0",
".",
"046",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
"and",
"a",
"marked",
"increase",
"in",
"procalcitonin",
"at",
"48",
".",
"21",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 32,
"end": 37
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 170,
"end": 177
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 457,
"end": 464
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 870,
"end": 877
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1031,
"end": 1038
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1585,
"end": 1592
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2563,
"end": 2570
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3366,
"end": 3373
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4029,
"end": 4036
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4204,
"end": 4211
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4324,
"end": 4331
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4889,
"end": 4896
},
{
"text": "fetal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 634,
"end": 639
},
{
"text": "fetal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 668,
"end": 673
},
{
"text": "fetal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1746,
"end": 1751
}
] | en |
We present a 30-year-old man, with no medical or surgical history of interest, who consulted for a left latero-cervical tumour of several months' evolution; the patient reported night sweats in recent months as the only noteworthy finding in the anamnesis.
Examination revealed a tumour measuring approximately 5x5cm in diameter medial to the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) with an elastic consistency, poorly defined, not adhered to deep planes or skin, whose size did not vary with postural changes, non-pulsatile, and with negative auscultation.
A computerised tomography (CT)-guided puncture was requested, which was reported as lymph node cellularity with indeterminate changes that could not be cytologically typed, recommending a viral serology study.
The CT scan with intravenous contrast showed a homogeneous, solid, well-defined mass measuring 5x7 cm, located in the left cervical vascular space, compressing the left internal jugular vein, behind the MCE, with moderate contrast uptake and some adjacent lymphadenopathy. There was no hyperenhancement suggestive of carotid glomus. The radiological differential diagnosis included lymphoproliferative process, neurogenic tumour or mesenchymal tumour.
Under general anaesthesia a left supraclavicular horizontal incision and section of the ECM muscle at this level was performed to obtain adequate exposure. A 5x7 cm tumour of congestive appearance was found, hard with intense peripheral vascularisation that made its dissection difficult; the tumour presented a plane of separation with the vascular space. The clinical appearance at the time of surgery impressed the authors as a vascular tumour.
Pathological examination of the specimen revealed a lymph node with preserved architecture and a marked increase in the number of lymphoid follicles and positivity for immunohistochemical markers (CD20+CD10+, bcl2-). Characteristically, the germinal centres showed hyaline material, some vessels and onion-layered arrangement of the lymphocyte crown.
The number of plasma cells (CD138) were in the normal range and showed no restriction for immunoglobulin light chains (kappa and lambda).
The molecular study did not detect the presence of human herpes virus type 8 (HHV 8) by PCR.
A thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan was performed, which was normal. Complete blood tests, immunology and serology were normal.
These findings represent the localised form of lymphoid angiofollicular hyperplasia or Castleman's disease, hyaline-vascular variant.
| [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"30-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"no",
"medical",
"or",
"surgical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"who",
"consulted",
"for",
"a",
"left",
"latero-cervical",
"tumour",
"of",
"several",
"months",
"'",
"evolution",
";",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"night",
"sweats",
"in",
"recent",
"months",
"as",
"the",
"only",
"noteworthy",
"finding",
"in",
"the",
"anamnesis",
".",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"tumour",
"measuring",
"approximately",
"5x5cm",
"in",
"diameter",
"medial",
"to",
"the",
"lower",
"third",
"of",
"the",
"sternocleidomastoid",
"muscle",
"(",
"SCM",
")",
"with",
"an",
"elastic",
"consistency",
",",
"poorly",
"defined",
",",
"not",
"adhered",
"to",
"deep",
"planes",
"or",
"skin",
",",
"whose",
"size",
"did",
"not",
"vary",
"with",
"postural",
"changes",
",",
"non-pulsatile",
",",
"and",
"with",
"negative",
"auscultation",
".",
"A",
"computerised",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"-",
"guided",
"puncture",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"was",
"reported",
"as",
"lymph",
"node",
"cellularity",
"with",
"indeterminate",
"changes",
"that",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"cytologically",
"typed",
",",
"recommending",
"a",
"viral",
"serology",
"study",
".",
"The",
"CT",
"scan",
"with",
"intravenous",
"contrast",
"showed",
"a",
"homogeneous",
",",
"solid",
",",
"well-defined",
"mass",
"measuring",
"5x7",
"cm",
",",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"cervical",
"vascular",
"space",
",",
"compressing",
"the",
"left",
"internal",
"jugular",
"vein",
",",
"behind",
"the",
"MCE",
",",
"with",
"moderate",
"contrast",
"uptake",
"and",
"some",
"adjacent",
"lymphadenopathy",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"hyperenhancement",
"suggestive",
"of",
"carotid",
"glomus",
".",
"The",
"radiological",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"included",
"lymphoproliferative",
"process",
",",
"neurogenic",
"tumour",
"or",
"mesenchymal",
"tumour",
".",
"Under",
"general",
"anaesthesia",
"a",
"left",
"supraclavicular",
"horizontal",
"incision",
"and",
"section",
"of",
"the",
"ECM",
"muscle",
"at",
"this",
"level",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"obtain",
"adequate",
"exposure",
".",
"A",
"5x7",
"cm",
"tumour",
"of",
"congestive",
"appearance",
"was",
"found",
",",
"hard",
"with",
"intense",
"peripheral",
"vascularisation",
"that",
"made",
"its",
"dissection",
"difficult",
";",
"the",
"tumour",
"presented",
"a",
"plane",
"of",
"separation",
"with",
"the",
"vascular",
"space",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"appearance",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"surgery",
"impressed",
"the",
"authors",
"as",
"a",
"vascular",
"tumour",
".",
"Pathological",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"specimen",
"revealed",
"a",
"lymph",
"node",
"with",
"preserved",
"architecture",
"and",
"a",
"marked",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"lymphoid",
"follicles",
"and",
"positivity",
"for",
"immunohistochemical",
"markers",
"(",
"CD20",
"+",
"CD10",
"+",
",",
"bcl2",
"-",
")",
".",
"Characteristically",
",",
"the",
"germinal",
"centres",
"showed",
"hyaline",
"material",
",",
"some",
"vessels",
"and",
"onion-layered",
"arrangement",
"of",
"the",
"lymphocyte",
"crown",
".",
"The",
"number",
"of",
"plasma",
"cells",
"(",
"CD138",
")",
"were",
"in",
"the",
"normal",
"range",
"and",
"showed",
"no",
"restriction",
"for",
"immunoglobulin",
"light",
"chains",
"(",
"kappa",
"and",
"lambda",
")",
".",
"The",
"molecular",
"study",
"did",
"not",
"detect",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"human",
"herpes",
"virus",
"type",
"8",
"(",
"HHV",
"8",
")",
"by",
"PCR",
".",
"A",
"thoraco-abdomino-pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Complete",
"blood",
"tests",
",",
"immunology",
"and",
"serology",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"These",
"findings",
"represent",
"the",
"localised",
"form",
"of",
"lymphoid",
"angiofollicular",
"hyperplasia",
"or",
"Castleman",
"'",
"s",
"disease",
",",
"hyaline-vascular",
"variant",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 161,
"end": 168
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 758,
"end": 763
},
{
"text": "authors",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1651,
"end": 1658
},
{
"text": "onion",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1982,
"end": 1987
},
{
"text": "human herpes virus type 8",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2223,
"end": 2248
},
{
"text": "HHV 8",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2250,
"end": 2255
}
] | en |
This is a 38-year-old patient, with no personal history of interest, who came to the hospital emergency department referred by his family doctor for presenting a fever of 39 degrees Celsius of four days' evolution, associated with headache, profuse sweating and intense general malaise and myalgias. The anamnesis noted that the patient had returned from a rural area of South Africa seven days earlier. He had not taken antimalarial prophylaxis. He also had a lesion on the left buttocks and right pubic region (the patient had a bite mark). His girlfriend had several similar skin lesions, although she remained asymptomatic. There were no other symptoms to explain an infectious focus.
Physical examination showed a patient in an acceptable general condition: febrile (temperature 39°C), blood pressure 120/70, pulse 90, saturation 98%. Upper functions were preserved. The rest of the physical examination was normal, except for two lesions as seen in figure 1, measuring 0.5 cm, on the left buttock and right pubic region, consisting of an ulcerative lesion, covered by a black eschar and surrounded by an erythematous halo with regional painful satellite adenopathies. There were no organomegaly or lymphadenopathy at other levels, nor were there any exanthema.
Laboratory tests showed an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 20; C-reactive protein of 3.59; 4,500 leukocytes with 70.8% segmented; 14.4% lymphocytes; haemoglobin of 13.2; 137,000 platelets; glucose of 103; creatinine of 0.9; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase of 90 and glutamic pyruvic transaminase of 211. All other laboratory parameters were normal. Elemental urinalysis and chest X-ray were normal. The thick drop test was negative.
When a patient presents with fever and lesions suggestive of bites after a trip, we should always think of imported rickettsiae.
With the diagnosis of suspected fever secondary to rickettsial infection following a bite, treatment was started with doxycycline 100 mg/12 hours for 10 days. After 48 hours the patient was afebrile and in the following days the symptoms progressively disappeared. Immunofluorescence showed immunoglobulin M titres of 1/160.
Treatment is the same as for Mediterranean button fever (MBF): doxycycline 200 mg/12 hours for 7 to 10 days. An alternative is ciprofloxacin at a dose of 500 mg/12 hours for 10 days. Complications are rare.
African tick bite fever is caused by Rickettsia africae, which has been known since the early 20th century and was first documented in Zimbabwe in 1992. It is caused by the bite of the Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum ticks that parasitise cattle and wildlife and then bite humans. This tick is not host specific, so infections are not sporadic, but endemic to sub-Saharan regions.
It should be suspected in people who have travelled to sub-Saharan Africa and may have been in contact with livestock or wild animals. The incubation period is 6-7 days. Clinical signs include fever, headache, myalgia, lesions suggestive of bites in exposed areas with associated painful lymphadenopathy.
| [
"This",
"is",
"a",
"38-year-old",
"patient",
",",
"with",
"no",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"who",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"hospital",
"emergency",
"department",
"referred",
"by",
"his",
"family",
"doctor",
"for",
"presenting",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"39",
"degrees",
"Celsius",
"of",
"four",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"headache",
",",
"profuse",
"sweating",
"and",
"intense",
"general",
"malaise",
"and",
"myalgias",
".",
"The",
"anamnesis",
"noted",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"returned",
"from",
"a",
"rural",
"area",
"of",
"South",
"Africa",
"seven",
"days",
"earlier",
".",
"He",
"had",
"not",
"taken",
"antimalarial",
"prophylaxis",
".",
"He",
"also",
"had",
"a",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"buttocks",
"and",
"right",
"pubic",
"region",
"(",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"bite",
"mark",
")",
".",
"His",
"girlfriend",
"had",
"several",
"similar",
"skin",
"lesions",
",",
"although",
"she",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"other",
"symptoms",
"to",
"explain",
"an",
"infectious",
"focus",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"showed",
"a",
"patient",
"in",
"an",
"acceptable",
"general",
"condition",
":",
"febrile",
"(",
"temperature",
"39",
"°",
"C",
")",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
"120",
"/",
"70",
",",
"pulse",
"90",
",",
"saturation",
"98",
"%",
".",
"Upper",
"functions",
"were",
"preserved",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"except",
"for",
"two",
"lesions",
"as",
"seen",
"in",
"figure",
"1",
",",
"measuring",
"0",
".",
"5",
"cm",
",",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"buttock",
"and",
"right",
"pubic",
"region",
",",
"consisting",
"of",
"an",
"ulcerative",
"lesion",
",",
"covered",
"by",
"a",
"black",
"eschar",
"and",
"surrounded",
"by",
"an",
"erythematous",
"halo",
"with",
"regional",
"painful",
"satellite",
"adenopathies",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"organomegaly",
"or",
"lymphadenopathy",
"at",
"other",
"levels",
",",
"nor",
"were",
"there",
"any",
"exanthema",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"an",
"erythrocyte",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"of",
"20",
";",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"of",
"3",
".",
"59",
";",
"4",
",",
"500",
"leukocytes",
"with",
"70",
".",
"8",
"%",
"segmented",
";",
"14",
".",
"4",
"%",
"lymphocytes",
";",
"haemoglobin",
"of",
"13",
".",
"2",
";",
"137",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
";",
"glucose",
"of",
"103",
";",
"creatinine",
"of",
"0",
".",
"9",
";",
"glutamic",
"oxaloacetic",
"transaminase",
"of",
"90",
"and",
"glutamic",
"pyruvic",
"transaminase",
"of",
"211",
".",
"All",
"other",
"laboratory",
"parameters",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Elemental",
"urinalysis",
"and",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"The",
"thick",
"drop",
"test",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"When",
"a",
"patient",
"presents",
"with",
"fever",
"and",
"lesions",
"suggestive",
"of",
"bites",
"after",
"a",
"trip",
",",
"we",
"should",
"always",
"think",
"of",
"imported",
"rickettsiae",
".",
"With",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"suspected",
"fever",
"secondary",
"to",
"rickettsial",
"infection",
"following",
"a",
"bite",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"doxycycline",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"10",
"days",
".",
"After",
"48",
"hours",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"afebrile",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"following",
"days",
"the",
"symptoms",
"progressively",
"disappeared",
".",
"Immunofluorescence",
"showed",
"immunoglobulin",
"M",
"titres",
"of",
"1",
"/",
"160",
".",
"Treatment",
"is",
"the",
"same",
"as",
"for",
"Mediterranean",
"button",
"fever",
"(",
"MBF",
")",
":",
"doxycycline",
"200",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"7",
"to",
"10",
"days",
".",
"An",
"alternative",
"is",
"ciprofloxacin",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"10",
"days",
".",
"Complications",
"are",
"rare",
".",
"African",
"tick",
"bite",
"fever",
"is",
"caused",
"by",
"Rickettsia",
"africae",
",",
"which",
"has",
"been",
"known",
"since",
"the",
"early",
"20th",
"century",
"and",
"was",
"first",
"documented",
"in",
"Zimbabwe",
"in",
"1992",
".",
"It",
"is",
"caused",
"by",
"the",
"bite",
"of",
"the",
"Amblyomma",
"hebraeum",
"and",
"Amblyomma",
"variegatum",
"ticks",
"that",
"parasitise",
"cattle",
"and",
"wildlife",
"and",
"then",
"bite",
"humans",
".",
"This",
"tick",
"is",
"not",
"host",
"specific",
",",
"so",
"infections",
"are",
"not",
"sporadic",
",",
"but",
"endemic",
"to",
"sub-Saharan",
"regions",
".",
"It",
"should",
"be",
"suspected",
"in",
"people",
"who",
"have",
"travelled",
"to",
"sub-Saharan",
"Africa",
"and",
"may",
"have",
"been",
"in",
"contact",
"with",
"livestock",
"or",
"wild",
"animals",
".",
"The",
"incubation",
"period",
"is",
"6-7",
"days",
".",
"Clinical",
"signs",
"include",
"fever",
",",
"headache",
",",
"myalgia",
",",
"lesions",
"suggestive",
"of",
"bites",
"in",
"exposed",
"areas",
"with",
"associated",
"painful",
"lymphadenopathy",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "family doctor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 131,
"end": 144
},
{
"text": "girlfriend",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 547,
"end": 557
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 329,
"end": 336
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 517,
"end": 524
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 39,
"end": 47
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 720,
"end": 727
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2408,
"end": 2418
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia africae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2408,
"end": 2426
},
{
"text": "Amblyomma hebraeum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2556,
"end": 2574
},
{
"text": "Amblyomma variegatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2579,
"end": 2599
},
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2891,
"end": 2898
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 47-year-old woman consulted for progressive pulsating holocranial headache of four months' duration and blurred vision.
Personal history: hypertension, cholesteatoma in the right ear and anxious syndrome treated with benzodiazepines. The patient reported pain "all over the head" that had been progressively increasing in recent weeks. It was characterised by a clear worsening when moving from decubitus to seated position, subsequently subsiding spontaneously. Occasionally he was awakened at night. For the past 15 days, he had also been experiencing pulsatile tinnitus without specifying the side, episodes of transient visual obscuration lasting minutes and photopsias on getting out of bed. There were no symptoms of systemic disease, known neoplasms, anorexia or weight loss. No cognitive impairment, behavioural change, head injury or fever. He maintained good sphincter control.
Physical examination
The general and neurological physical examination revealed no focality. There were no signs of radiculopathy or spasticity. Ophthalmological examination showed bilateral papilledema, so she was admitted to Neurology for further investigation with suspicion of venous sinus thrombosis.
Complementary tests
- Complete blood count with erythrocyte sedimentation rate and thyroid hormones: normal.
- Chest X-ray and electrocardiogram performed on admission: normal.
- Serology for herpes group viruses, hepatotropic viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, Borrelia and Brucella was also normal.
- Brain computed tomography (CT) showed as the only abnormality an increase in the size of the entire ventricular system, with a decrease in the cortical sulci.
- Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with venous phase confirmed the previous findings without showing any other alteration, so the first diagnostic suspicion was ruled out.
- It was then decided to perform a lumbar puncture to continue the study, which presented, to our surprise, great difficulties, because although the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) began to flow at an adequate pressure (15 cm H2O), after a few minutes it stopped flowing. The material that was extracted was of a high density and coagulated at room temperature. The appearance was xanthochromic-gelatinous, and the urgent cytobiochemistry showed a hyperproteinaemia of 539 mg/dl, with other normal values: glycaemia 92 mg/dl (glycaemia 154 mg/dl), 0 cells/μl, ADA 1.4).
- In view of these results, a lesion was suspected at the CSF extraction site, and a complete spine MRI scan was performed, which showed an intradural extramedullary tumour mass in the cauda equina, measuring approximately 4 x 1.2 x 2.2 cm. The lesion occupied the entire spinal canal at L3 level with T1 intermediate signal, T2 intermediate to hyperintense signal, and intense intravenous gadolinium enhancement. T2-weighted MRI showing a space-occupying lesion at L3, with caudal hyperintensity at the level of L3 in cauda equina. It contained no images suggestive of haemorrhage or mucin, and no haemosiderin ring.
Diagnosis
Froin's syndrome and papilledema as the first manifestation of a spinal tumour.
Treatment
The patient was treated with dexamethasone 8 mg every 6 h and mannitol 20% 125 cc/12 h i.v. for 48 hours, with subsequent scheduled surgery and intraoperative neurophysiological control, in which a high-density mass encompassing several roots of the cauda equina was observed. Excision was subtotal due to the impossibility of dissecting the tumour without damaging the nerve roots. Histological examination revealed a diagnosis of myxopapillary ependymoma.
Evolution
Currently, the patient has been asymptomatic of her headache with complete resolution of the papilledema, highlighting only on examination a 4+/5 weakness of the right lower limb with vivid myotatic reflexes.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"47-year-old",
"woman",
"consulted",
"for",
"progressive",
"pulsating",
"holocranial",
"headache",
"of",
"four",
"months",
"'",
"duration",
"and",
"blurred",
"vision",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"hypertension",
",",
"cholesteatoma",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"ear",
"and",
"anxious",
"syndrome",
"treated",
"with",
"benzodiazepines",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reported",
"pain",
"\"",
"all",
"over",
"the",
"head",
"\"",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"progressively",
"increasing",
"in",
"recent",
"weeks",
".",
"It",
"was",
"characterised",
"by",
"a",
"clear",
"worsening",
"when",
"moving",
"from",
"decubitus",
"to",
"seated",
"position",
",",
"subsequently",
"subsiding",
"spontaneously",
".",
"Occasionally",
"he",
"was",
"awakened",
"at",
"night",
".",
"For",
"the",
"past",
"15",
"days",
",",
"he",
"had",
"also",
"been",
"experiencing",
"pulsatile",
"tinnitus",
"without",
"specifying",
"the",
"side",
",",
"episodes",
"of",
"transient",
"visual",
"obscuration",
"lasting",
"minutes",
"and",
"photopsias",
"on",
"getting",
"out",
"of",
"bed",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"symptoms",
"of",
"systemic",
"disease",
",",
"known",
"neoplasms",
",",
"anorexia",
"or",
"weight",
"loss",
".",
"No",
"cognitive",
"impairment",
",",
"behavioural",
"change",
",",
"head",
"injury",
"or",
"fever",
".",
"He",
"maintained",
"good",
"sphincter",
"control",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"The",
"general",
"and",
"neurological",
"physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"no",
"focality",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"radiculopathy",
"or",
"spasticity",
".",
"Ophthalmological",
"examination",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"papilledema",
",",
"so",
"she",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"Neurology",
"for",
"further",
"investigation",
"with",
"suspicion",
"of",
"venous",
"sinus",
"thrombosis",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Complete",
"blood",
"count",
"with",
"erythrocyte",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"and",
"thyroid",
"hormones",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"electrocardiogram",
"performed",
"on",
"admission",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Serology",
"for",
"herpes",
"group",
"viruses",
",",
"hepatotropic",
"viruses",
",",
"human",
"immunodeficiency",
"virus",
",",
"syphilis",
",",
"Borrelia",
"and",
"Brucella",
"was",
"also",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Brain",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"showed",
"as",
"the",
"only",
"abnormality",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"entire",
"ventricular",
"system",
",",
"with",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"cortical",
"sulci",
".",
"-",
"Cerebral",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"with",
"venous",
"phase",
"confirmed",
"the",
"previous",
"findings",
"without",
"showing",
"any",
"other",
"alteration",
",",
"so",
"the",
"first",
"diagnostic",
"suspicion",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
".",
"-",
"It",
"was",
"then",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"to",
"continue",
"the",
"study",
",",
"which",
"presented",
",",
"to",
"our",
"surprise",
",",
"great",
"difficulties",
",",
"because",
"although",
"the",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"(",
"CSF",
")",
"began",
"to",
"flow",
"at",
"an",
"adequate",
"pressure",
"(",
"15",
"cm",
"H2O",
")",
",",
"after",
"a",
"few",
"minutes",
"it",
"stopped",
"flowing",
".",
"The",
"material",
"that",
"was",
"extracted",
"was",
"of",
"a",
"high",
"density",
"and",
"coagulated",
"at",
"room",
"temperature",
".",
"The",
"appearance",
"was",
"xanthochromic-gelatinous",
",",
"and",
"the",
"urgent",
"cytobiochemistry",
"showed",
"a",
"hyperproteinaemia",
"of",
"539",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"with",
"other",
"normal",
"values",
":",
"glycaemia",
"92",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"(",
"glycaemia",
"154",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
",",
"0",
"cells",
"/",
"μl",
",",
"ADA",
"1",
".",
"4",
")",
".",
"-",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"results",
",",
"a",
"lesion",
"was",
"suspected",
"at",
"the",
"CSF",
"extraction",
"site",
",",
"and",
"a",
"complete",
"spine",
"MRI",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"an",
"intradural",
"extramedullary",
"tumour",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"cauda",
"equina",
",",
"measuring",
"approximately",
"4",
"x",
"1",
".",
"2",
"x",
"2",
".",
"2",
"cm",
".",
"The",
"lesion",
"occupied",
"the",
"entire",
"spinal",
"canal",
"at",
"L3",
"level",
"with",
"T1",
"intermediate",
"signal",
",",
"T2",
"intermediate",
"to",
"hyperintense",
"signal",
",",
"and",
"intense",
"intravenous",
"gadolinium",
"enhancement",
".",
"T2-weighted",
"MRI",
"showing",
"a",
"space-occupying",
"lesion",
"at",
"L3",
",",
"with",
"caudal",
"hyperintensity",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"L3",
"in",
"cauda",
"equina",
".",
"It",
"contained",
"no",
"images",
"suggestive",
"of",
"haemorrhage",
"or",
"mucin",
",",
"and",
"no",
"haemosiderin",
"ring",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Froin",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome",
"and",
"papilledema",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"manifestation",
"of",
"a",
"spinal",
"tumour",
".",
"Treatment",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"dexamethasone",
"8",
"mg",
"every",
"6",
"h",
"and",
"mannitol",
"20",
"%",
"125",
"cc",
"/",
"12",
"h",
"i",
".",
"v",
".",
"for",
"48",
"hours",
",",
"with",
"subsequent",
"scheduled",
"surgery",
"and",
"intraoperative",
"neurophysiological",
"control",
",",
"in",
"which",
"a",
"high-density",
"mass",
"encompassing",
"several",
"roots",
"of",
"the",
"cauda",
"equina",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"Excision",
"was",
"subtotal",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"impossibility",
"of",
"dissecting",
"the",
"tumour",
"without",
"damaging",
"the",
"nerve",
"roots",
".",
"Histological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"myxopapillary",
"ependymoma",
".",
"Evolution",
"Currently",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"has",
"been",
"asymptomatic",
"of",
"her",
"headache",
"with",
"complete",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"papilledema",
",",
"highlighting",
"only",
"on",
"examination",
"a",
"4",
"+",
"/",
"5",
"weakness",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
"with",
"vivid",
"myotatic",
"reflexes",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 250,
"end": 257
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 132,
"end": 140
},
{
"text": "Borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1484,
"end": 1492
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1497,
"end": 1505
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1474,
"end": 1482
},
{
"text": "herpes group viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1400,
"end": 1420
},
{
"text": "human immunodeficiency virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1444,
"end": 1472
},
{
"text": "hepatotropic viruses",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1422,
"end": 1442
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3148,
"end": 3155
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3628,
"end": 3635
}
] | en |
A 32-year-old man consulted in February 2009 for an oedematous, pruritic, erythematous and hot plaque on the right thigh of 7 days' evolution. The clinical picture began at the end of January with the appearance of an initial erythematous, hot plaque accompanied by oedema on the abdominal wall, which disappeared after 3-4 days; a week later he presented another lesion of the same characteristics in the inguinal region with a similar course. Subsequently, migrated plaques appeared on the right thigh and ankle. He was admitted to a private clinic where he received treatment with ceftriaxone plus clindamycin for clinical symptoms compatible with cellulitis, and was discharged because of a favourable evolution. During hospitalisation he underwent abdominal ultrasound and venous echo-Doppler of the lower limbs, which were normal. When his symptoms reappeared, he consulted our department. She had no significant personal history except that she had travelled to several cities on the Caribbean coast of Colombia between 1 and 20 January of that year and had repeatedly consumed raw fish ("cebiche"). A biopsy of the lesion on the right thigh and the following complementary studies were performed: HIV serology, which was non-reactive, white blood cell count: 6400/mm3 (eosinophils 11%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate 8 mm, normal ocular fundus. Soft tissue ultrasound: in the depth of the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the posteroexternal aspect of the right thigh root, polycyclic pre-aponeurotic nodular formation measuring 56 × 40 × 16 mm with no fluid collections at that level. With a clinical diagnosis compatible with gnathostomiasis, he was treated with ivermectin (200 μg/kg/d for 2 days) with good evolution. The pathological report of the biopsy obtained from the skin lesion was "eosinophilic panniculitis". One month later, the patient relapsed and received a second course of treatment with the same drug. Periodic check-ups up to April 2012 showed no relapses.
The genus Gnasthostoma belongs to the order Spirurida and is characterised by the need for one or more intermediate hosts in its life cycle. The genus has 13 species, but only four of them have been associated with human cases: G. spinigerum, which is generally found in wild and domestic cats and dogs in India, China, Japan and other Asian countries; G. hispidum, which is found in domestic and wild pigs in Europe, Asia and Australia; G. doloresi in wild boar; and G. nipponicum in weasels in Japan.
| [
"A",
"32-year-old",
"man",
"consulted",
"in",
"February",
"2009",
"for",
"an",
"oedematous",
",",
"pruritic",
",",
"erythematous",
"and",
"hot",
"plaque",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"thigh",
"of",
"7",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"picture",
"began",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"January",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"an",
"initial",
"erythematous",
",",
"hot",
"plaque",
"accompanied",
"by",
"oedema",
"on",
"the",
"abdominal",
"wall",
",",
"which",
"disappeared",
"after",
"3-4",
"days",
";",
"a",
"week",
"later",
"he",
"presented",
"another",
"lesion",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"characteristics",
"in",
"the",
"inguinal",
"region",
"with",
"a",
"similar",
"course",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"migrated",
"plaques",
"appeared",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"thigh",
"and",
"ankle",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"a",
"private",
"clinic",
"where",
"he",
"received",
"treatment",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"plus",
"clindamycin",
"for",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
"compatible",
"with",
"cellulitis",
",",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"because",
"of",
"a",
"favourable",
"evolution",
".",
"During",
"hospitalisation",
"he",
"underwent",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"and",
"venous",
"echo-Doppler",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"which",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"When",
"his",
"symptoms",
"reappeared",
",",
"he",
"consulted",
"our",
"department",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"significant",
"personal",
"history",
"except",
"that",
"she",
"had",
"travelled",
"to",
"several",
"cities",
"on",
"the",
"Caribbean",
"coast",
"of",
"Colombia",
"between",
"1",
"and",
"20",
"January",
"of",
"that",
"year",
"and",
"had",
"repeatedly",
"consumed",
"raw",
"fish",
"(",
"\"",
"cebiche",
"\"",
")",
".",
"A",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"thigh",
"and",
"the",
"following",
"complementary",
"studies",
"were",
"performed",
":",
"HIV",
"serology",
",",
"which",
"was",
"non-reactive",
",",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
":",
"6400",
"/",
"mm3",
"(",
"eosinophils",
"11",
"%",
")",
",",
"erythrocyte",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"8",
"mm",
",",
"normal",
"ocular",
"fundus",
".",
"Soft",
"tissue",
"ultrasound",
":",
"in",
"the",
"depth",
"of",
"the",
"subcutaneous",
"cellular",
"tissue",
"of",
"the",
"posteroexternal",
"aspect",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"thigh",
"root",
",",
"polycyclic",
"pre-aponeurotic",
"nodular",
"formation",
"measuring",
"56",
"×",
"40",
"×",
"16",
"mm",
"with",
"no",
"fluid",
"collections",
"at",
"that",
"level",
".",
"With",
"a",
"clinical",
"diagnosis",
"compatible",
"with",
"gnathostomiasis",
",",
"he",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"ivermectin",
"(",
"200",
"μg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"d",
"for",
"2",
"days",
")",
"with",
"good",
"evolution",
".",
"The",
"pathological",
"report",
"of",
"the",
"biopsy",
"obtained",
"from",
"the",
"skin",
"lesion",
"was",
"\"",
"eosinophilic",
"panniculitis",
"\"",
".",
"One",
"month",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"relapsed",
"and",
"received",
"a",
"second",
"course",
"of",
"treatment",
"with",
"the",
"same",
"drug",
".",
"Periodic",
"check-ups",
"up",
"to",
"April",
"2012",
"showed",
"no",
"relapses",
".",
"The",
"genus",
"Gnasthostoma",
"belongs",
"to",
"the",
"order",
"Spirurida",
"and",
"is",
"characterised",
"by",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"intermediate",
"hosts",
"in",
"its",
"life",
"cycle",
".",
"The",
"genus",
"has",
"13",
"species",
",",
"but",
"only",
"four",
"of",
"them",
"have",
"been",
"associated",
"with",
"human",
"cases",
":",
"G",
".",
"spinigerum",
",",
"which",
"is",
"generally",
"found",
"in",
"wild",
"and",
"domestic",
"cats",
"and",
"dogs",
"in",
"India",
",",
"China",
",",
"Japan",
"and",
"other",
"Asian",
"countries",
";",
"G",
".",
"hispidum",
",",
"which",
"is",
"found",
"in",
"domestic",
"and",
"wild",
"pigs",
"in",
"Europe",
",",
"Asia",
"and",
"Australia",
";",
"G",
".",
"doloresi",
"in",
"wild",
"boar",
";",
"and",
"G",
".",
"nipponicum",
"in",
"weasels",
"in",
"Japan",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1205,
"end": 1208
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 919,
"end": 927
},
{
"text": "fish",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1089,
"end": 1093
},
{
"text": "pigs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2390,
"end": 2394
},
{
"text": "species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2146,
"end": 2153
},
{
"text": "cats",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2277,
"end": 2281
},
{
"text": "genus Gnasthostoma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1992,
"end": 2010
},
{
"text": "genus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1992,
"end": 1997
},
{
"text": "genus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2133,
"end": 2138
},
{
"text": "human",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2203,
"end": 2208
},
{
"text": "dogs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2286,
"end": 2290
},
{
"text": "order Spirurida",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2026,
"end": 2041
},
{
"text": "G. spinigerum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2216,
"end": 2229
},
{
"text": "G. hispidum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2341,
"end": 2352
},
{
"text": "G. doloresi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2426,
"end": 2437
},
{
"text": "G. nipponicum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2456,
"end": 2469
}
] | en |
A 66 year old woman with no other history of interest who had retinal detachment of the right eye, operated on with vitrectomy and bilateral phakectomy. She consulted for symptoms starting 4 days ago of dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, abdominal discomfort and watery vomiting. Two days later, sensation of dryness and foreign body in the eye, assessed by ophthalmology without finding any ophthalmological pathology. On the day of the consultation, she had difficulty opening her eyes, blurred vision, difficulty urinating and weakness in both lower limbs, for which reason she consulted with her husband.
It was noteworthy that the symptoms had started after eating salad salad with peppers and home-canned asparagus. Another striking fact was that her husband had bilateral eyelid ptosis and had started with similar symptoms of dry mouth, difficulty swallowing and abdominal discomfort.
The physical examination of our patient revealed dry mucous membranes, a bladder balloon that required catheterisation and neurological bradypsychia with dysarthric but fluent speech, anisocoria (dilated right pupil, not very noticeable due to her history), mydriatic and arreactive left pupil, bilateral palpebral ptosis and paraparesis of the lower limbs with altered ambulation. At this point, based on the clinical history, physical examination and epidemiological background, the first clinical suspicion is of botulism.
Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by a bacterial neurotoxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum, which, by irreversible blockade of the calcium channels of the cholinergic synapses, results in flaccid paralysis and impaired function of the vegetative nervous system. One of the ways of acquiring the toxin is through spoiled home-canned food. Treatment is based on haemodynamic stabilisation and trivalent antitoxin equivalent A+B+E serum. It is a notifiable and urgent disease.
Our patient was admitted to the ICU where she was administered the antidote and remained under observation for 24 hours. She was subsequently transferred to the Internal Medicine ward with good functional recovery, and during her admission, and later on discharge, she maintained symptomatic hypotension due to autonomic involvement, one of the possible complications.
| [
"A",
"66",
"year",
"old",
"woman",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"who",
"had",
"retinal",
"detachment",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
",",
"operated",
"on",
"with",
"vitrectomy",
"and",
"bilateral",
"phakectomy",
".",
"She",
"consulted",
"for",
"symptoms",
"starting",
"4",
"days",
"ago",
"of",
"dry",
"mouth",
",",
"difficulty",
"swallowing",
",",
"abdominal",
"discomfort",
"and",
"watery",
"vomiting",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"later",
",",
"sensation",
"of",
"dryness",
"and",
"foreign",
"body",
"in",
"the",
"eye",
",",
"assessed",
"by",
"ophthalmology",
"without",
"finding",
"any",
"ophthalmological",
"pathology",
".",
"On",
"the",
"day",
"of",
"the",
"consultation",
",",
"she",
"had",
"difficulty",
"opening",
"her",
"eyes",
",",
"blurred",
"vision",
",",
"difficulty",
"urinating",
"and",
"weakness",
"in",
"both",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"for",
"which",
"reason",
"she",
"consulted",
"with",
"her",
"husband",
".",
"It",
"was",
"noteworthy",
"that",
"the",
"symptoms",
"had",
"started",
"after",
"eating",
"salad",
"salad",
"with",
"peppers",
"and",
"home-canned",
"asparagus",
".",
"Another",
"striking",
"fact",
"was",
"that",
"her",
"husband",
"had",
"bilateral",
"eyelid",
"ptosis",
"and",
"had",
"started",
"with",
"similar",
"symptoms",
"of",
"dry",
"mouth",
",",
"difficulty",
"swallowing",
"and",
"abdominal",
"discomfort",
".",
"The",
"physical",
"examination",
"of",
"our",
"patient",
"revealed",
"dry",
"mucous",
"membranes",
",",
"a",
"bladder",
"balloon",
"that",
"required",
"catheterisation",
"and",
"neurological",
"bradypsychia",
"with",
"dysarthric",
"but",
"fluent",
"speech",
",",
"anisocoria",
"(",
"dilated",
"right",
"pupil",
",",
"not",
"very",
"noticeable",
"due",
"to",
"her",
"history",
")",
",",
"mydriatic",
"and",
"arreactive",
"left",
"pupil",
",",
"bilateral",
"palpebral",
"ptosis",
"and",
"paraparesis",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
"with",
"altered",
"ambulation",
".",
"At",
"this",
"point",
",",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"clinical",
"history",
",",
"physical",
"examination",
"and",
"epidemiological",
"background",
",",
"the",
"first",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
"is",
"of",
"botulism",
".",
"Botulism",
"is",
"a",
"neuroparalytic",
"disease",
"caused",
"by",
"a",
"bacterial",
"neurotoxin",
"secreted",
"by",
"Clostridium",
"botulinum",
",",
"which",
",",
"by",
"irreversible",
"blockade",
"of",
"the",
"calcium",
"channels",
"of",
"the",
"cholinergic",
"synapses",
",",
"results",
"in",
"flaccid",
"paralysis",
"and",
"impaired",
"function",
"of",
"the",
"vegetative",
"nervous",
"system",
".",
"One",
"of",
"the",
"ways",
"of",
"acquiring",
"the",
"toxin",
"is",
"through",
"spoiled",
"home-canned",
"food",
".",
"Treatment",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"haemodynamic",
"stabilisation",
"and",
"trivalent",
"antitoxin",
"equivalent",
"A",
"+",
"B",
"+",
"E",
"serum",
".",
"It",
"is",
"a",
"notifiable",
"and",
"urgent",
"disease",
".",
"Our",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"where",
"she",
"was",
"administered",
"the",
"antidote",
"and",
"remained",
"under",
"observation",
"for",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"She",
"was",
"subsequently",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"ward",
"with",
"good",
"functional",
"recovery",
",",
"and",
"during",
"her",
"admission",
",",
"and",
"later",
"on",
"discharge",
",",
"she",
"maintained",
"symptomatic",
"hypotension",
"due",
"to",
"autonomic",
"involvement",
",",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"possible",
"complications",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "husband",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 599,
"end": 606
},
{
"text": "husband",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 756,
"end": 763
},
{
"text": "peppers",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 686,
"end": 693
},
{
"text": "asparagus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 710,
"end": 719
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 924,
"end": 931
},
{
"text": "Clostridium botulinum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1500,
"end": 1521
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1467,
"end": 1476
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1909,
"end": 1916
}
] | en |
History, current illness and physical examination
A 64-year-old man consulted for right-sided sudden amaurosis. Personal history: allergy to penicillin, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity and smoking. Without providing reports, he refers that he was admitted to another hospital in 2007 for a left hemispheric stroke from which he recovered without sequelae and was being followed up for valvular heart disease.
Regular treatment with enalapril, simvastatin and clopidogrel. Present illness: sudden total visual loss of the right eye over 24 hours. No dyspnoea, chest pain, fever or any other symptoms.
Physical examination:
BP 145/88 mmHg, 88 bpm, 36.7 oC, conscious, oriented, eupneic, hydrated and normal colour. Cardiopulmonary auscultation: preserved vesicular murmur without added noise. Cardiac auscultation revealed a grade III/VI systolic ejection murmur in the aorta, radiating to the carotid arteries, and a grade III/VI systolic murmur in the left sternal border, radiating to the axilla. Abdomen and limbs without remarkable findings.
Complementary tests
PA chest X-ray: absence of cardiomegaly, no pleural effusion, no infiltrates or consolidations.
Electrocardiography: sinus rhythm at 91 bpm, left cardiac axis at -45o. Left atrial enlargement. Cornell criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy. Left anterior hemiblock. ST descending 1 mm drop in I and AvL with negative T wave in these leads. No dynamic changes in repolarisation. QTc 443 msec.
CBC: 12,000 leukocytes, Hb 11.5 g/dl, 335,000 platelets. Coagulation normal. ESR 39 mm/h, CRP 4.27 mg/L. Biochemistry and thyroid function normal. ANA, anti-DNA and ANCA negative. Hypercoagulability study without pathological findings.
Serology (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, Lúes, Brucella and HBV) negative.
Right eye fundus: red-cherry macula, whitish oedema due to ischaemia, narrowing of retinal arteries and whitish exudates.
Transesophageal echocardiogram: very unstructured aortic valve with severe thickening and calcification with severe aortic stenosis (mean gradient 50 mmHg), mild aortic insufficiency. Mitral valve with several images suggestive of warts. On the atrial side of the posterior leaflet there are two images of mobile vegetations, the largest of 6 mm. There is a jet of mild mitral insufficiency suggesting perforation of the posterior leaflet. Severe left ventricular hypertrophy and preserved LVEF. Absence of patent foramen ovale by injection of agitated saline.
CT angiography of supra-aortic trunks: carotid atherosclerosis and in the CT angiography of TSA, 60-70% stenosis of the right internal carotid artery.
Independent blood cultures x3: positive for Streptococcus viridans.
Clinical course
After evaluation by ophthalmology at our centre, a diagnosis of right central retinal artery occlusion (RTAO) was made. The patient was admitted to internal medicine for further investigation. Carotid atherosclerosis was observed in the supra-aortic trunk duplex (TSA) and 60-70% stenosis of the right internal carotid artery in the TSA angio-CT scan. Despite the carotid findings that could justify the picture, a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed to search for an embolic source, showing severe aortic stenosis, degenerative signs in the mitral valve (MV) with mild mitral insufficiency (MI) and calcium in its annulus. Due to the poor echocardiographic window, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed, which confirmed the existence of severe aortic stenosis with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), visualising vegetations on the MV and perforation of the posterior leaflet. The patient was afebrile and three blood cultures were taken, with Streptococcus viridans growing in all samples.
With the diagnosis of subacute mitral infective endocarditis (IE) on native valve (and possibly aortic) and the history described, he was treated with vancomycin and gentamicin according to the usual regimen.
The patient remained afebrile throughout admission, with negative control blood cultures. Control TTE and TEE were performed, with disappearance of vegetations and mild-moderate MI as sequelae. After resolution of the infective endocarditis, he was referred to the outpatient vascular surgery department for assessment of carotid endarterectomy and to cardiology for follow-up of his valvular heart disease. Two months after admission, carotid surgery was performed and subsequently, due to the onset of symptoms, aortic valve replacement with metallic prosthesis was performed without complications and with good cardiovascular evolution. However, the patient has not recovered vision in the right eye.
Diagnosis
Occlusion of the central artery of the right retina.
Subacute endocarditis on native mitral valve due to Streptococcus viridans.
Asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis with preserved LVEF.
Significant right carotid stenosis.
| [
"History",
",",
"current",
"illness",
"and",
"physical",
"examination",
"A",
"64-year-old",
"man",
"consulted",
"for",
"right-sided",
"sudden",
"amaurosis",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"allergy",
"to",
"penicillin",
",",
"hypertension",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
",",
"obesity",
"and",
"smoking",
".",
"Without",
"providing",
"reports",
",",
"he",
"refers",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"another",
"hospital",
"in",
"2007",
"for",
"a",
"left",
"hemispheric",
"stroke",
"from",
"which",
"he",
"recovered",
"without",
"sequelae",
"and",
"was",
"being",
"followed",
"up",
"for",
"valvular",
"heart",
"disease",
".",
"Regular",
"treatment",
"with",
"enalapril",
",",
"simvastatin",
"and",
"clopidogrel",
".",
"Present",
"illness",
":",
"sudden",
"total",
"visual",
"loss",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"over",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"No",
"dyspnoea",
",",
"chest",
"pain",
",",
"fever",
"or",
"any",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
":",
"BP",
"145",
"/",
"88",
"mmHg",
",",
"88",
"bpm",
",",
"36",
".",
"7",
"oC",
",",
"conscious",
",",
"oriented",
",",
"eupneic",
",",
"hydrated",
"and",
"normal",
"colour",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"preserved",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
"without",
"added",
"noise",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
"revealed",
"a",
"grade",
"III",
"/",
"VI",
"systolic",
"ejection",
"murmur",
"in",
"the",
"aorta",
",",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"carotid",
"arteries",
",",
"and",
"a",
"grade",
"III",
"/",
"VI",
"systolic",
"murmur",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"sternal",
"border",
",",
"radiating",
"to",
"the",
"axilla",
".",
"Abdomen",
"and",
"limbs",
"without",
"remarkable",
"findings",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"PA",
"chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"absence",
"of",
"cardiomegaly",
",",
"no",
"pleural",
"effusion",
",",
"no",
"infiltrates",
"or",
"consolidations",
".",
"Electrocardiography",
":",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
"at",
"91",
"bpm",
",",
"left",
"cardiac",
"axis",
"at",
"-",
"45o",
".",
"Left",
"atrial",
"enlargement",
".",
"Cornell",
"criteria",
"for",
"left",
"ventricular",
"hypertrophy",
".",
"Left",
"anterior",
"hemiblock",
".",
"ST",
"descending",
"1",
"mm",
"drop",
"in",
"I",
"and",
"AvL",
"with",
"negative",
"T",
"wave",
"in",
"these",
"leads",
".",
"No",
"dynamic",
"changes",
"in",
"repolarisation",
".",
"QTc",
"443",
"msec",
".",
"CBC",
":",
"12",
",",
"000",
"leukocytes",
",",
"Hb",
"11",
".",
"5",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"335",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
".",
"Coagulation",
"normal",
".",
"ESR",
"39",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
",",
"CRP",
"4",
".",
"27",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Biochemistry",
"and",
"thyroid",
"function",
"normal",
".",
"ANA",
",",
"anti-DNA",
"and",
"ANCA",
"negative",
".",
"Hypercoagulability",
"study",
"without",
"pathological",
"findings",
".",
"Serology",
"(",
"Mycoplasma",
",",
"Chlamydia",
",",
"Coxiella",
",",
"Lúes",
",",
"Brucella",
"and",
"HBV",
")",
"negative",
".",
"Right",
"eye",
"fundus",
":",
"red-cherry",
"macula",
",",
"whitish",
"oedema",
"due",
"to",
"ischaemia",
",",
"narrowing",
"of",
"retinal",
"arteries",
"and",
"whitish",
"exudates",
".",
"Transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
":",
"very",
"unstructured",
"aortic",
"valve",
"with",
"severe",
"thickening",
"and",
"calcification",
"with",
"severe",
"aortic",
"stenosis",
"(",
"mean",
"gradient",
"50",
"mmHg",
")",
",",
"mild",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
".",
"Mitral",
"valve",
"with",
"several",
"images",
"suggestive",
"of",
"warts",
".",
"On",
"the",
"atrial",
"side",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"leaflet",
"there",
"are",
"two",
"images",
"of",
"mobile",
"vegetations",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"of",
"6",
"mm",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"jet",
"of",
"mild",
"mitral",
"insufficiency",
"suggesting",
"perforation",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"leaflet",
".",
"Severe",
"left",
"ventricular",
"hypertrophy",
"and",
"preserved",
"LVEF",
".",
"Absence",
"of",
"patent",
"foramen",
"ovale",
"by",
"injection",
"of",
"agitated",
"saline",
".",
"CT",
"angiography",
"of",
"supra-aortic",
"trunks",
":",
"carotid",
"atherosclerosis",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"CT",
"angiography",
"of",
"TSA",
",",
"60-70",
"%",
"stenosis",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"internal",
"carotid",
"artery",
".",
"Independent",
"blood",
"cultures",
"x3",
":",
"positive",
"for",
"Streptococcus",
"viridans",
".",
"Clinical",
"course",
"After",
"evaluation",
"by",
"ophthalmology",
"at",
"our",
"centre",
",",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"right",
"central",
"retinal",
"artery",
"occlusion",
"(",
"RTAO",
")",
"was",
"made",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"internal",
"medicine",
"for",
"further",
"investigation",
".",
"Carotid",
"atherosclerosis",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"supra-aortic",
"trunk",
"duplex",
"(",
"TSA",
")",
"and",
"60-70",
"%",
"stenosis",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"internal",
"carotid",
"artery",
"in",
"the",
"TSA",
"angio-CT",
"scan",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"carotid",
"findings",
"that",
"could",
"justify",
"the",
"picture",
",",
"a",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"(",
"TTE",
")",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"search",
"for",
"an",
"embolic",
"source",
",",
"showing",
"severe",
"aortic",
"stenosis",
",",
"degenerative",
"signs",
"in",
"the",
"mitral",
"valve",
"(",
"MV",
")",
"with",
"mild",
"mitral",
"insufficiency",
"(",
"MI",
")",
"and",
"calcium",
"in",
"its",
"annulus",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"poor",
"echocardiographic",
"window",
",",
"a",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
"(",
"TEE",
")",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"confirmed",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"severe",
"aortic",
"stenosis",
"with",
"preserved",
"left",
"ventricular",
"ejection",
"fraction",
"(",
"LVEF",
")",
",",
"visualising",
"vegetations",
"on",
"the",
"MV",
"and",
"perforation",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"leaflet",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"afebrile",
"and",
"three",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
",",
"with",
"Streptococcus",
"viridans",
"growing",
"in",
"all",
"samples",
".",
"With",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"subacute",
"mitral",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
"(",
"IE",
")",
"on",
"native",
"valve",
"(",
"and",
"possibly",
"aortic",
")",
"and",
"the",
"history",
"described",
",",
"he",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"vancomycin",
"and",
"gentamicin",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"usual",
"regimen",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"remained",
"afebrile",
"throughout",
"admission",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"control",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"Control",
"TTE",
"and",
"TEE",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"vegetations",
"and",
"mild-moderate",
"MI",
"as",
"sequelae",
".",
"After",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
",",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"outpatient",
"vascular",
"surgery",
"department",
"for",
"assessment",
"of",
"carotid",
"endarterectomy",
"and",
"to",
"cardiology",
"for",
"follow-up",
"of",
"his",
"valvular",
"heart",
"disease",
".",
"Two",
"months",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"carotid",
"surgery",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"subsequently",
",",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"symptoms",
",",
"aortic",
"valve",
"replacement",
"with",
"metallic",
"prosthesis",
"was",
"performed",
"without",
"complications",
"and",
"with",
"good",
"cardiovascular",
"evolution",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"has",
"not",
"recovered",
"vision",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Occlusion",
"of",
"the",
"central",
"artery",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"retina",
".",
"Subacute",
"endocarditis",
"on",
"native",
"mitral",
"valve",
"due",
"to",
"Streptococcus",
"viridans",
".",
"Asymptomatic",
"severe",
"aortic",
"stenosis",
"with",
"preserved",
"LVEF",
".",
"Significant",
"right",
"carotid",
"stenosis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 112,
"end": 120
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1752,
"end": 1760
},
{
"text": "Chlamydia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1725,
"end": 1734
},
{
"text": "Coxiella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1736,
"end": 1744
},
{
"text": "Lúes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1746,
"end": 1750
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1713,
"end": 1723
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1765,
"end": 1768
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus viridans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2658,
"end": 2680
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2823,
"end": 2830
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3626,
"end": 3633
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus viridans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3689,
"end": 3711
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3949,
"end": 3956
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4598,
"end": 4605
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus viridans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4766,
"end": 4788
}
] | en |
A 25-year-old woman from Honduras consulted the emergency department for febrile fever, odynophagia and arthralgias of 48 hours' evolution.
In the last 10 hours she developed intense holocranial headache, generalised maculopapular rash and oedema of the hands and feet.
- Personal history:
- No hypertension. No DM. No LD.
- No Iqx.
- No usual treatment. No RAMc
- Epidemiological background:
- Stay in Honduras for 2 months (stay in Tegucigalpa and Choluteca) as VFR.
- No prior counselling. No yellow fever immunisation.
- Consumption of drinking water. No consumption of undercooked/raw food. No contact with animals. No recollection of mosquito bites. No contact with sick people. No risky sexual relations.
- On further questioning, the patient reported an episode of similar characteristics at the beginning of January with fever, malaise, arthromyalgia and generalised rash.
- She consulted her country and was prescribed symptomatic treatment with a diagnosis of probable viriasis. Complete resolution after 72h.
- Brother, at that time, with similar symptoms.
17/11/15 Arrival in Honduras: Asymptomatic.
02/01/16 Onset of fever: Asymptomatic.
16/01/16 Return to Spain
20/01/16 New febrile illness
22/01/17 Emergency Room
On discharge: BP 130/78 HR 110lpm SatO2 100% basal T 37.2o
- Bilateral non-suppurative conjunctivitis.
- Generalised non-pruritic rash. Bilateral conjunctival injection.
- ENT: no enanthema. No other oral mucosal lesions. Hyperemic pharynx without whitish exudates.
- Minimal adenopathy in cervical chains.
- AP: mvc without superimposed noises. AC: rhythmic and without murmurs.
- ABD: normal. RHA+. No visceromegaly.
- Edema on dorsum of hands and bimalleolar.
Differential diagnosis fever and rash.
Complementary tests
LYMPHOCYTES 0.76
Urgent request to the micro:
Blood cultures and malaria rapid test. 2.
2. Rapid test for malaria and Dengue fever.
3. Blood cultures are not necessary because the patient has "something viral".
4. Urgent HIV serology and rapid test for Dengue.
5. Blood cultures and rapid test for malaria and dengue.
- HCx2 is extracted and rapid test for Dengue and Plasmodium are negative.
Complementary tests to be performed:
1. Discharge with symptomatic treatment and follow-up in consultations.
2. Certain that it is dengue even if the rapid test is negative, we leave the patient for 24h observation.
3. Discharge with ciprofloxacin and follow-up in consultations.
4. Admission with ceftriaxone for suspected leptospirosis.
5. Admission with symptomatic treatment for study.
Suspected diagnoses
1. Typhoid fever.
2. Measles or rubella.
3. Imported viral infection.
4. P. vivax malaria.
5. It is a rickettsial infection and I would not have discharged him without doxycycline.
SUMMARY
- VFR patient with rash, fever, arthralgias, oedema and conjunctivitis.
- Stay in Honduras. Urban and rural area.
- Symptoms started 4 days after returning from the trip.
- History of similar febrile illness 3 weeks earlier.
Day +5 of onset of symptoms
REVIEW IN CONSULTATIONS:
- Patient already AFebrile.
- Persistence of generalised exanthema with petechiae in distal areas and increased arthralgias and oedema of hands and feet with functional impotence preventing correct ambulation.
- Neurological examination with no evidence of alteration of sensitivity or strength. ROT preserved.
- Control laboratory tests:
- CRP 17.7; neutropenia 1480/ lymphocytes 3,090; plaq 314,000; coag normal.
- HCx2 results negative.
- Serology tests carried out in the ER:
- HIV: negative. HAV IgG positive. HBV: Ac HBs positive, the rest negative. HCV: negative. Syphilis: negative.
Microbiological study was extended with:
- PCR of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika v. in serum.
- PCR in urine for v. Zika.
- Serologies for v. Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika.
- Serologies for Leptospira, Rickettisia, Borrelia, rubella, measles, mumps, parvovirus B19, CMV, HAV, HBV and HCV.
Day + 6 of symptom onset
PCR SERUM ZIKA Positive
PCR URINE ZIKA Positive
IgM ZIKA Positive
IgG ZIKA
PRNT Undetermined
DENGUE SERUM PCR Negative
DENGUE URINE PCR -
DENGUE IgM Negative
DENGUE IgG Positive
PRNT DENGUE -
CHIK SERUM PCR Negative
PCR URINE CHIK Negative
IgM CHIK Positive
IgG CHIK Positive
PRNT CHIK Positive 1/256
Day + 17 of symptom onset
PCR URINE ZIKA Positive
Urine PCR CHIK Negative
Day + 34 of symptom onset
IgM ZIKA Positive
IgG ZIKA Positive
PRNT ZIKA Positive 1/512
IgM CHIK Positive
IgG CHIK Positive
PRNT CHIK Positive 1/512
FINAL DIAGNOSIS
1. Acute Zika virus infection.
2. Recent past Chikungunya virus infection.
3. Probable past infection with Dengue virus
EVOLUTION OF THE PATIENT
- Favourable with resolution of arthralgias in 3 weeks.
- She remained mildly asthenic. No symptoms after two months of follow-up.
| [
"A",
"25-year-old",
"woman",
"from",
"Honduras",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"febrile",
"fever",
",",
"odynophagia",
"and",
"arthralgias",
"of",
"48",
"hours",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"In",
"the",
"last",
"10",
"hours",
"she",
"developed",
"intense",
"holocranial",
"headache",
",",
"generalised",
"maculopapular",
"rash",
"and",
"oedema",
"of",
"the",
"hands",
"and",
"feet",
".",
"-",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"-",
"No",
"hypertension",
".",
"No",
"DM",
".",
"No",
"LD",
".",
"-",
"No",
"Iqx",
".",
"-",
"No",
"usual",
"treatment",
".",
"No",
"RAMc",
"-",
"Epidemiological",
"background",
":",
"-",
"Stay",
"in",
"Honduras",
"for",
"2",
"months",
"(",
"stay",
"in",
"Tegucigalpa",
"and",
"Choluteca",
")",
"as",
"VFR",
".",
"-",
"No",
"prior",
"counselling",
".",
"No",
"yellow",
"fever",
"immunisation",
".",
"-",
"Consumption",
"of",
"drinking",
"water",
".",
"No",
"consumption",
"of",
"undercooked",
"/",
"raw",
"food",
".",
"No",
"contact",
"with",
"animals",
".",
"No",
"recollection",
"of",
"mosquito",
"bites",
".",
"No",
"contact",
"with",
"sick",
"people",
".",
"No",
"risky",
"sexual",
"relations",
".",
"-",
"On",
"further",
"questioning",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"similar",
"characteristics",
"at",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"January",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"malaise",
",",
"arthromyalgia",
"and",
"generalised",
"rash",
".",
"-",
"She",
"consulted",
"her",
"country",
"and",
"was",
"prescribed",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"probable",
"viriasis",
".",
"Complete",
"resolution",
"after",
"72h",
".",
"-",
"Brother",
",",
"at",
"that",
"time",
",",
"with",
"similar",
"symptoms",
".",
"17",
"/",
"11",
"/",
"15",
"Arrival",
"in",
"Honduras",
":",
"Asymptomatic",
".",
"02",
"/",
"01",
"/",
"16",
"Onset",
"of",
"fever",
":",
"Asymptomatic",
".",
"16",
"/",
"01",
"/",
"16",
"Return",
"to",
"Spain",
"20",
"/",
"01",
"/",
"16",
"New",
"febrile",
"illness",
"22",
"/",
"01",
"/",
"17",
"Emergency",
"Room",
"On",
"discharge",
":",
"BP",
"130",
"/",
"78",
"HR",
"110lpm",
"SatO2",
"100",
"%",
"basal",
"T",
"37",
".",
"2o",
"-",
"Bilateral",
"non-suppurative",
"conjunctivitis",
".",
"-",
"Generalised",
"non-pruritic",
"rash",
".",
"Bilateral",
"conjunctival",
"injection",
".",
"-",
"ENT",
":",
"no",
"enanthema",
".",
"No",
"other",
"oral",
"mucosal",
"lesions",
".",
"Hyperemic",
"pharynx",
"without",
"whitish",
"exudates",
".",
"-",
"Minimal",
"adenopathy",
"in",
"cervical",
"chains",
".",
"-",
"AP",
":",
"mvc",
"without",
"superimposed",
"noises",
".",
"AC",
":",
"rhythmic",
"and",
"without",
"murmurs",
".",
"-",
"ABD",
":",
"normal",
".",
"RHA",
"+",
".",
"No",
"visceromegaly",
".",
"-",
"Edema",
"on",
"dorsum",
"of",
"hands",
"and",
"bimalleolar",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"fever",
"and",
"rash",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"LYMPHOCYTES",
"0",
".",
"76",
"Urgent",
"request",
"to",
"the",
"micro",
":",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"malaria",
"rapid",
"test",
".",
"2",
".",
"2",
".",
"Rapid",
"test",
"for",
"malaria",
"and",
"Dengue",
"fever",
".",
"3",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"are",
"not",
"necessary",
"because",
"the",
"patient",
"has",
"\"",
"something",
"viral",
"\"",
".",
"4",
".",
"Urgent",
"HIV",
"serology",
"and",
"rapid",
"test",
"for",
"Dengue",
".",
"5",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"rapid",
"test",
"for",
"malaria",
"and",
"dengue",
".",
"-",
"HCx2",
"is",
"extracted",
"and",
"rapid",
"test",
"for",
"Dengue",
"and",
"Plasmodium",
"are",
"negative",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"to",
"be",
"performed",
":",
"1",
".",
"Discharge",
"with",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"and",
"follow-up",
"in",
"consultations",
".",
"2",
".",
"Certain",
"that",
"it",
"is",
"dengue",
"even",
"if",
"the",
"rapid",
"test",
"is",
"negative",
",",
"we",
"leave",
"the",
"patient",
"for",
"24h",
"observation",
".",
"3",
".",
"Discharge",
"with",
"ciprofloxacin",
"and",
"follow-up",
"in",
"consultations",
".",
"4",
".",
"Admission",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"for",
"suspected",
"leptospirosis",
".",
"5",
".",
"Admission",
"with",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
"for",
"study",
".",
"Suspected",
"diagnoses",
"1",
".",
"Typhoid",
"fever",
".",
"2",
".",
"Measles",
"or",
"rubella",
".",
"3",
".",
"Imported",
"viral",
"infection",
".",
"4",
".",
"P",
".",
"vivax",
"malaria",
".",
"5",
".",
"It",
"is",
"a",
"rickettsial",
"infection",
"and",
"I",
"would",
"not",
"have",
"discharged",
"him",
"without",
"doxycycline",
".",
"SUMMARY",
"-",
"VFR",
"patient",
"with",
"rash",
",",
"fever",
",",
"arthralgias",
",",
"oedema",
"and",
"conjunctivitis",
".",
"-",
"Stay",
"in",
"Honduras",
".",
"Urban",
"and",
"rural",
"area",
".",
"-",
"Symptoms",
"started",
"4",
"days",
"after",
"returning",
"from",
"the",
"trip",
".",
"-",
"History",
"of",
"similar",
"febrile",
"illness",
"3",
"weeks",
"earlier",
".",
"Day",
"+",
"5",
"of",
"onset",
"of",
"symptoms",
"REVIEW",
"IN",
"CONSULTATIONS",
":",
"-",
"Patient",
"already",
"AFebrile",
".",
"-",
"Persistence",
"of",
"generalised",
"exanthema",
"with",
"petechiae",
"in",
"distal",
"areas",
"and",
"increased",
"arthralgias",
"and",
"oedema",
"of",
"hands",
"and",
"feet",
"with",
"functional",
"impotence",
"preventing",
"correct",
"ambulation",
".",
"-",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"alteration",
"of",
"sensitivity",
"or",
"strength",
".",
"ROT",
"preserved",
".",
"-",
"Control",
"laboratory",
"tests",
":",
"-",
"CRP",
"17",
".",
"7",
";",
"neutropenia",
"1480",
"/",
"lymphocytes",
"3",
",",
"090",
";",
"plaq",
"314",
",",
"000",
";",
"coag",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"HCx2",
"results",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Serology",
"tests",
"carried",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"ER",
":",
"-",
"HIV",
":",
"negative",
".",
"HAV",
"IgG",
"positive",
".",
"HBV",
":",
"Ac",
"HBs",
"positive",
",",
"the",
"rest",
"negative",
".",
"HCV",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Syphilis",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Microbiological",
"study",
"was",
"extended",
"with",
":",
"-",
"PCR",
"of",
"Dengue",
",",
"Chikungunya",
"and",
"Zika",
"v",
".",
"in",
"serum",
".",
"-",
"PCR",
"in",
"urine",
"for",
"v",
".",
"Zika",
".",
"-",
"Serologies",
"for",
"v",
".",
"Dengue",
",",
"Chikungunya",
"and",
"Zika",
".",
"-",
"Serologies",
"for",
"Leptospira",
",",
"Rickettisia",
",",
"Borrelia",
",",
"rubella",
",",
"measles",
",",
"mumps",
",",
"parvovirus",
"B19",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"HAV",
",",
"HBV",
"and",
"HCV",
".",
"Day",
"+",
"6",
"of",
"symptom",
"onset",
"PCR",
"SERUM",
"ZIKA",
"Positive",
"PCR",
"URINE",
"ZIKA",
"Positive",
"IgM",
"ZIKA",
"Positive",
"IgG",
"ZIKA",
"PRNT",
"Undetermined",
"DENGUE",
"SERUM",
"PCR",
"Negative",
"DENGUE",
"URINE",
"PCR",
"-",
"DENGUE",
"IgM",
"Negative",
"DENGUE",
"IgG",
"Positive",
"PRNT",
"DENGUE",
"-",
"CHIK",
"SERUM",
"PCR",
"Negative",
"PCR",
"URINE",
"CHIK",
"Negative",
"IgM",
"CHIK",
"Positive",
"IgG",
"CHIK",
"Positive",
"PRNT",
"CHIK",
"Positive",
"1",
"/",
"256",
"Day",
"+",
"17",
"of",
"symptom",
"onset",
"PCR",
"URINE",
"ZIKA",
"Positive",
"Urine",
"PCR",
"CHIK",
"Negative",
"Day",
"+",
"34",
"of",
"symptom",
"onset",
"IgM",
"ZIKA",
"Positive",
"IgG",
"ZIKA",
"Positive",
"PRNT",
"ZIKA",
"Positive",
"1",
"/",
"512",
"IgM",
"CHIK",
"Positive",
"IgG",
"CHIK",
"Positive",
"PRNT",
"CHIK",
"Positive",
"1",
"/",
"512",
"FINAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"1",
".",
"Acute",
"Zika",
"virus",
"infection",
".",
"2",
".",
"Recent",
"past",
"Chikungunya",
"virus",
"infection",
".",
"3",
".",
"Probable",
"past",
"infection",
"with",
"Dengue",
"virus",
"EVOLUTION",
"OF",
"THE",
"PATIENT",
"-",
"Favourable",
"with",
"resolution",
"of",
"arthralgias",
"in",
"3",
"weeks",
".",
"-",
"She",
"remained",
"mildly",
"asthenic",
".",
"No",
"symptoms",
"after",
"two",
"months",
"of",
"follow-up",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 274,
"end": 282
},
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 615,
"end": 622
},
{
"text": "sick",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 675,
"end": 679
},
{
"text": "mosquito",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 643,
"end": 651
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 746,
"end": 753
},
{
"text": "malaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1827,
"end": 1834
},
{
"text": "Dengue",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1880,
"end": 1886
},
{
"text": "malaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1868,
"end": 1875
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1942,
"end": 1949
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1965,
"end": 1970
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1983,
"end": 1986
},
{
"text": "dengue",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2288,
"end": 2294
},
{
"text": "rubella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2600,
"end": 2607
},
{
"text": "Measles",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2589,
"end": 2596
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2621,
"end": 2626
},
{
"text": "P. vivax",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2641,
"end": 2649
},
{
"text": "malaria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2650,
"end": 2657
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2764,
"end": 2771
},
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3039,
"end": 3046
},
{
"text": "HBs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3560,
"end": 3563
},
{
"text": "Syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3608,
"end": 3616
},
{
"text": "HAV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3534,
"end": 3537
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3552,
"end": 3555
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3593,
"end": 3596
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3519,
"end": 3522
},
{
"text": "Chikungunya",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3687,
"end": 3698
},
{
"text": "Zika",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3703,
"end": 3707
},
{
"text": "Dengue",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3679,
"end": 3685
},
{
"text": "v. Zika",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3740,
"end": 3747
},
{
"text": "Zika",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3743,
"end": 3747
},
{
"text": "Chikungunya",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3777,
"end": 3788
},
{
"text": "v. Dengue",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3766,
"end": 3775
},
{
"text": "Zika",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3793,
"end": 3797
},
{
"text": "Dengue",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3769,
"end": 3775
},
{
"text": "CHIK",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4225,
"end": 4229
},
{
"text": "ZIKA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4282,
"end": 4286
},
{
"text": "CHIK",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4306,
"end": 4310
},
{
"text": "ZIKA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4351,
"end": 4355
},
{
"text": "ZIKA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4369,
"end": 4373
}
] | en |
57-year-old male with a history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with immunosuppressive drugs (Prednisone and Methotrexate), who presented with progressive increasing dyspnoea and dry cough in the last 6 months.
No weight loss, night sweats or haemoptysis.
Chest X-ray was requested.
Nodular opacities of ill-defined contours in both lung fields. Shoulder arthroplasty.
Consolidation foci with air bronchogram and ground glass in the periphery. No lymphadenopathy or pleural effusion.
Consolidation foci showing increased size and confluence within 1 month.
Differential diagnoses
- Drug toxicity (Methotrexate).
- Fungal infection (Aspergillus, Histoplasma, Blastomycosis).
- Atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma).
- Sarcoidosis.
- Tuberculosis.
- Septic embolism.
Other findings
Culture negative for bacteria and fungi.
BAL negative for acid fast bacilli, CMV, HSV, Legionella, Pneumocystis, Adenovirus.
Urine positive for Histoplasma antigen.
Biopsy results
Lung biopsy was performed showing necrotizing granulomas with small yeasts which confirmed pulmonary Histoplasmosis.
PATHOLOGY
Transbronchial biopsy of the right lower lobe.
-Patchy organised pneumonia with mild acute and chronic interstitial inflammation.
-Poorly formed granulomatous isolates.
-Numerous yeast formations, consistent with Histoplasma, apparently with alveolar macrophages.
Transbronchial biopsy of the right lower lobe.
-Patchy organised pneumonia with mild acute and chronic interstitial inflammation.
-Isolated poorly formed granulomas.
-Numerous yeast formations, consistent with Histoplasma, apparently with alveolar macrophages.
Final Diagnosis
Histoplasmosis
| [
"57-year-old",
"male",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"rheumatoid",
"arthritis",
"treated",
"with",
"immunosuppressive",
"drugs",
"(",
"Prednisone",
"and",
"Methotrexate",
")",
",",
"who",
"presented",
"with",
"progressive",
"increasing",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"dry",
"cough",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"6",
"months",
".",
"No",
"weight",
"loss",
",",
"night",
"sweats",
"or",
"haemoptysis",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"was",
"requested",
".",
"Nodular",
"opacities",
"of",
"ill-defined",
"contours",
"in",
"both",
"lung",
"fields",
".",
"Shoulder",
"arthroplasty",
".",
"Consolidation",
"foci",
"with",
"air",
"bronchogram",
"and",
"ground",
"glass",
"in",
"the",
"periphery",
".",
"No",
"lymphadenopathy",
"or",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"Consolidation",
"foci",
"showing",
"increased",
"size",
"and",
"confluence",
"within",
"1",
"month",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnoses",
"-",
"Drug",
"toxicity",
"(",
"Methotrexate",
")",
".",
"-",
"Fungal",
"infection",
"(",
"Aspergillus",
",",
"Histoplasma",
",",
"Blastomycosis",
")",
".",
"-",
"Atypical",
"pneumonia",
"(",
"Mycoplasma",
")",
".",
"-",
"Sarcoidosis",
".",
"-",
"Tuberculosis",
".",
"-",
"Septic",
"embolism",
".",
"Other",
"findings",
"Culture",
"negative",
"for",
"bacteria",
"and",
"fungi",
".",
"BAL",
"negative",
"for",
"acid",
"fast",
"bacilli",
",",
"CMV",
",",
"HSV",
",",
"Legionella",
",",
"Pneumocystis",
",",
"Adenovirus",
".",
"Urine",
"positive",
"for",
"Histoplasma",
"antigen",
".",
"Biopsy",
"results",
"Lung",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
"showing",
"necrotizing",
"granulomas",
"with",
"small",
"yeasts",
"which",
"confirmed",
"pulmonary",
"Histoplasmosis",
".",
"PATHOLOGY",
"Transbronchial",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"lobe",
".",
"-",
"Patchy",
"organised",
"pneumonia",
"with",
"mild",
"acute",
"and",
"chronic",
"interstitial",
"inflammation",
".",
"-",
"Poorly",
"formed",
"granulomatous",
"isolates",
".",
"-",
"Numerous",
"yeast",
"formations",
",",
"consistent",
"with",
"Histoplasma",
",",
"apparently",
"with",
"alveolar",
"macrophages",
".",
"Transbronchial",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"lobe",
".",
"-",
"Patchy",
"organised",
"pneumonia",
"with",
"mild",
"acute",
"and",
"chronic",
"interstitial",
"inflammation",
".",
"-",
"Isolated",
"poorly",
"formed",
"granulomas",
".",
"-",
"Numerous",
"yeast",
"formations",
",",
"consistent",
"with",
"Histoplasma",
",",
"apparently",
"with",
"alveolar",
"macrophages",
".",
"Final",
"Diagnosis",
"Histoplasmosis"
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 16
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 636,
"end": 647
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 649,
"end": 660
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 700,
"end": 710
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 800,
"end": 808
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 813,
"end": 818
},
{
"text": "Adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 892,
"end": 902
},
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 856,
"end": 859
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 866,
"end": 876
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 878,
"end": 890
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 861,
"end": 864
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 923,
"end": 934
},
{
"text": "yeasts",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1028,
"end": 1034
},
{
"text": "yeast",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1267,
"end": 1272
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1301,
"end": 1312
},
{
"text": "yeast",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1529,
"end": 1534
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1563,
"end": 1574
}
] | en |
A 10 year old girl with abdominal pain of 24 hours evolution, epigastric location, of moderate intensity, accompanied by 2-3 vomiting and a stool of soft consistency, for which acute gastroenteritis was diagnosed and treatment with metoclopramide and scopolamine methylbromide was indicated with little improvement, so she went to the emergency department. She denies fever.
BACKGROUND
Family: Mother: 31 years old. She reports 3 episodes of pancreatitis, at the ages of 12, 17 and 18 years, the last one appearing after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Personal history: not relevant.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ON ADMISSION
Good general conditionGood colouring, hydration and perfusion. Abdomen soft and depressible, diffusely painful on palpation, with no signs of peritoneal irritation, palpation of the splenic pole 1 cm below the left costal ridge. The rest is unaltered.
COMPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS
Haemogram on admission: Hb 14.4 g/dl, Ht 40.4%, leucocytes 13860 (82.6%N, 9.3%L) platelets 320000. Coagulation normal.
Haemogram at 24 hours: normal, ESR 35.
Abdominal ultrasound: slightly enlarged pancreas with preserved echogenicity. Free abdominal fluid in the right flank and lower pelvis. Inconclusive signs of pancreatitis.
Microbiology: RSV, Influenza A and B negative. EBNA IgG +. Anti VCA IgM - and IgG +. Parasites in stool negative.
Sweat test: 76mEq/L.
Genetic study: samples were sent from the patient and his parents to study the PRSS1 gene mutation due to suspicion of hereditary pancreatitis.
EVOLUTION:
She was admitted with parenteral hydration and analgesia with metamizole, improving pain in the first few days. She was asymptomatic and was started on liquid enteral nutrition with lipid-free polymeric formula at half her basal needs and later, after adequate tolerance without recurrence of symptoms, she was placed on a low-fat and low-protein diet. She discharged in good condition, tolerating the oral route, without abdominal pain.
FINAL DIAGNOSIS
Acute pancreatitis
| [
"A",
"10",
"year",
"old",
"girl",
"with",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"of",
"24",
"hours",
"evolution",
",",
"epigastric",
"location",
",",
"of",
"moderate",
"intensity",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"2-3",
"vomiting",
"and",
"a",
"stool",
"of",
"soft",
"consistency",
",",
"for",
"which",
"acute",
"gastroenteritis",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"metoclopramide",
"and",
"scopolamine",
"methylbromide",
"was",
"indicated",
"with",
"little",
"improvement",
",",
"so",
"she",
"went",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"She",
"denies",
"fever",
".",
"BACKGROUND",
"Family",
":",
"Mother",
":",
"31",
"years",
"old",
".",
"She",
"reports",
"3",
"episodes",
"of",
"pancreatitis",
",",
"at",
"the",
"ages",
"of",
"12",
",",
"17",
"and",
"18",
"years",
",",
"the",
"last",
"one",
"appearing",
"after",
"an",
"endoscopic",
"retrograde",
"cholangiopancreatography",
"(",
"ERCP",
")",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"not",
"relevant",
".",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
"ON",
"ADMISSION",
"Good",
"general",
"conditionGood",
"colouring",
",",
"hydration",
"and",
"perfusion",
".",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"diffusely",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
",",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"peritoneal",
"irritation",
",",
"palpation",
"of",
"the",
"splenic",
"pole",
"1",
"cm",
"below",
"the",
"left",
"costal",
"ridge",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"is",
"unaltered",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"EXAMINATIONS",
"Haemogram",
"on",
"admission",
":",
"Hb",
"14",
".",
"4",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"Ht",
"40",
".",
"4",
"%",
",",
"leucocytes",
"13860",
"(",
"82",
".",
"6",
"%",
"N",
",",
"9",
".",
"3",
"%",
"L",
")",
"platelets",
"320000",
".",
"Coagulation",
"normal",
".",
"Haemogram",
"at",
"24",
"hours",
":",
"normal",
",",
"ESR",
"35",
".",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
":",
"slightly",
"enlarged",
"pancreas",
"with",
"preserved",
"echogenicity",
".",
"Free",
"abdominal",
"fluid",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"flank",
"and",
"lower",
"pelvis",
".",
"Inconclusive",
"signs",
"of",
"pancreatitis",
".",
"Microbiology",
":",
"RSV",
",",
"Influenza",
"A",
"and",
"B",
"negative",
".",
"EBNA",
"IgG",
"+",
".",
"Anti",
"VCA",
"IgM",
"-",
"and",
"IgG",
"+",
".",
"Parasites",
"in",
"stool",
"negative",
".",
"Sweat",
"test",
":",
"76mEq",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Genetic",
"study",
":",
"samples",
"were",
"sent",
"from",
"the",
"patient",
"and",
"his",
"parents",
"to",
"study",
"the",
"PRSS1",
"gene",
"mutation",
"due",
"to",
"suspicion",
"of",
"hereditary",
"pancreatitis",
".",
"EVOLUTION",
":",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"parenteral",
"hydration",
"and",
"analgesia",
"with",
"metamizole",
",",
"improving",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"few",
"days",
".",
"She",
"was",
"asymptomatic",
"and",
"was",
"started",
"on",
"liquid",
"enteral",
"nutrition",
"with",
"lipid-free",
"polymeric",
"formula",
"at",
"half",
"her",
"basal",
"needs",
"and",
"later",
",",
"after",
"adequate",
"tolerance",
"without",
"recurrence",
"of",
"symptoms",
",",
"she",
"was",
"placed",
"on",
"a",
"low-fat",
"and",
"low-protein",
"diet",
".",
"She",
"discharged",
"in",
"good",
"condition",
",",
"tolerating",
"the",
"oral",
"route",
",",
"without",
"abdominal",
"pain",
".",
"FINAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Acute",
"pancreatitis"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 387,
"end": 393
},
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 395,
"end": 401
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 581,
"end": 589
},
{
"text": "EBNA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1307,
"end": 1311
},
{
"text": "Parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1345,
"end": 1354
},
{
"text": "VCA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1324,
"end": 1327
},
{
"text": "RSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1274,
"end": 1277
},
{
"text": "Influenza A",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1279,
"end": 1290
},
{
"text": "Influenza A and B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1279,
"end": 1296
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1438,
"end": 1445
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1454,
"end": 1461
}
] | en |
This is a 75-year-old female patient with a history of AHT, DM2, DLP, mild cognitive impairment with a vascular profile, appendectomy, hysterectomy and double adnexectomy. She is being treated with Lorazepam, HTZ, valsartan, amlodipine, linagliptin, metformin and sertraline.
She was referred to the emergency department for presenting agitation and intermittent and fluctuating behavioural alterations (hiding objects, anal incontinence...) of seven days' evolution. She reported pain in the right hypochondrium with the same chronology, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. No fever measured at home, but she did have a feeling of dystrophy. No other associated symptoms were reported.
A fever of 39oC was noted in the emergency department. Physical examination revealed Hypotension 80/42, HR 110lpm, Sat 96% with contribution at 2lpm. Poor general condition, ACP tachycardia with mvc, crackles in the lung bases, painful abdomen on palpation in the HCD region.
Analysis: leukocytosis 26500, with neutrophilia, platelets 110000, prothrombin activity 44%, fibrinogen 9.15, creatinine 1.54, urea 97, CRP 275, PCT 5.7. Given the data of coagulopathy and thrombopenia, increased acute phase reactants, as well as the clinical manifestations, an abdominal CT scan was requested.
The CT scan showed an image suggestive of liver abscess in segment 4 lower segment caused by a foreign body, probably a fishbone, in relation to the antro-bulbar region outside the gastric wall. There was no pneumoperitoneum or peritoneal free fluid.
The case was discussed with the general surgeon who rejected surgical intervention. The patient was admitted to the ICU and percutaneous drainage of the liver abscess was performed by interventional radiology.
Good clinical evolution with antibiotic treatment with coverage for Gram +, Gram - and fungi. Blood cultures and abscess culture isolated Streptococus anginosus. Antibiotic treatment was de-escalated according to antibiogram with good clinical and analytical evolution of the patient. Given the patient's stability, it was decided to discharge her to the Internal Medicine ward and continue treatment.
| [
"This",
"is",
"a",
"75-year-old",
"female",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"AHT",
",",
"DM2",
",",
"DLP",
",",
"mild",
"cognitive",
"impairment",
"with",
"a",
"vascular",
"profile",
",",
"appendectomy",
",",
"hysterectomy",
"and",
"double",
"adnexectomy",
".",
"She",
"is",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"Lorazepam",
",",
"HTZ",
",",
"valsartan",
",",
"amlodipine",
",",
"linagliptin",
",",
"metformin",
"and",
"sertraline",
".",
"She",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"presenting",
"agitation",
"and",
"intermittent",
"and",
"fluctuating",
"behavioural",
"alterations",
"(",
"hiding",
"objects",
",",
"anal",
"incontinence",
".",
".",
".",
")",
"of",
"seven",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"She",
"reported",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hypochondrium",
"with",
"the",
"same",
"chronology",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
".",
"No",
"fever",
"measured",
"at",
"home",
",",
"but",
"she",
"did",
"have",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"dystrophy",
".",
"No",
"other",
"associated",
"symptoms",
"were",
"reported",
".",
"A",
"fever",
"of",
"39oC",
"was",
"noted",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"Hypotension",
"80",
"/",
"42",
",",
"HR",
"110lpm",
",",
"Sat",
"96",
"%",
"with",
"contribution",
"at",
"2lpm",
".",
"Poor",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"ACP",
"tachycardia",
"with",
"mvc",
",",
"crackles",
"in",
"the",
"lung",
"bases",
",",
"painful",
"abdomen",
"on",
"palpation",
"in",
"the",
"HCD",
"region",
".",
"Analysis",
":",
"leukocytosis",
"26500",
",",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
",",
"platelets",
"110000",
",",
"prothrombin",
"activity",
"44",
"%",
",",
"fibrinogen",
"9",
".",
"15",
",",
"creatinine",
"1",
".",
"54",
",",
"urea",
"97",
",",
"CRP",
"275",
",",
"PCT",
"5",
".",
"7",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"data",
"of",
"coagulopathy",
"and",
"thrombopenia",
",",
"increased",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
",",
"an",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"requested",
".",
"The",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"an",
"image",
"suggestive",
"of",
"liver",
"abscess",
"in",
"segment",
"4",
"lower",
"segment",
"caused",
"by",
"a",
"foreign",
"body",
",",
"probably",
"a",
"fishbone",
",",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"the",
"antro-bulbar",
"region",
"outside",
"the",
"gastric",
"wall",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"pneumoperitoneum",
"or",
"peritoneal",
"free",
"fluid",
".",
"The",
"case",
"was",
"discussed",
"with",
"the",
"general",
"surgeon",
"who",
"rejected",
"surgical",
"intervention",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"and",
"percutaneous",
"drainage",
"of",
"the",
"liver",
"abscess",
"was",
"performed",
"by",
"interventional",
"radiology",
".",
"Good",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"with",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"coverage",
"for",
"Gram",
"+",
",",
"Gram",
"-",
"and",
"fungi",
".",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"abscess",
"culture",
"isolated",
"Streptococus",
"anginosus",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"de-escalated",
"according",
"to",
"antibiogram",
"with",
"good",
"clinical",
"and",
"analytical",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"stability",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"discharge",
"her",
"to",
"the",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"ward",
"and",
"continue",
"treatment",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 29,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1614,
"end": 1621
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1823,
"end": 1828
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2012,
"end": 2019
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2031,
"end": 2038
},
{
"text": "Streptococus anginosus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1874,
"end": 1896
}
] | en |
History, current disease and physical examination
Patient aged 43 years, with no past history of interest, who has been doing intense aerobic sport (athletics and paddle tennis) for about 7 hours a week since childhood, referred to the Cardiology department for the finding of isolated monomorphic ventricular extrasystoles (VE) on ECG performed during an examination at work. Physical examination was normal.
Complementary tests
Echocardiogram, chest X-ray and laboratory tests showed no abnormalities. There were no signs or symptoms of ischaemia in the exercise stress test, but the density of ventricular extrasystoles increased slightly at maximum effort.
Clinical course
Treatment was started with bisoprolol 5 mg per day and the Holter monitoring recorded disappearance of VE but nocturnal atrioventricular block (AVB) with several pauses, the longest of 12 seconds. The patient remained asymptomatic at all times and denied any family history of conduction disorder, dilated cardiomyopathy or sudden death. The Holter monitoring was interpreted as advanced AVB, bisoprolol was discontinued and the patient was admitted for study and monitoring. Nocturnal pauses were recorded in relation to AVB and/or sinus bradycardia of up to 7 seconds and very occasional VS. Baseline conduction was found to be normal by electrophysiological study and sleep apnoea was ruled out by polysomnography. In view of the poor clinical situation and the lack of curative treatment possibilities, analgesia was intensified and the patient died.
Diagnosis
In view of the absence of structural heart disease and relevant family history, he was diagnosed with VAB mediated by vagal hypertonia and was advised to reduce his sporting activity, but he refused.
The risk-benefit balance of implanting a single-chamber pacemaker was explained to him and he refused.
During follow-up, he continues to be asymptomatic, although Holter ECG monitoring shows that nocturnal pauses of up to 9 seconds in duration persist.
| [
"History",
",",
"current",
"disease",
"and",
"physical",
"examination",
"Patient",
"aged",
"43",
"years",
",",
"with",
"no",
"past",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"who",
"has",
"been",
"doing",
"intense",
"aerobic",
"sport",
"(",
"athletics",
"and",
"paddle",
"tennis",
")",
"for",
"about",
"7",
"hours",
"a",
"week",
"since",
"childhood",
",",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"Cardiology",
"department",
"for",
"the",
"finding",
"of",
"isolated",
"monomorphic",
"ventricular",
"extrasystoles",
"(",
"VE",
")",
"on",
"ECG",
"performed",
"during",
"an",
"examination",
"at",
"work",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"Echocardiogram",
",",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"signs",
"or",
"symptoms",
"of",
"ischaemia",
"in",
"the",
"exercise",
"stress",
"test",
",",
"but",
"the",
"density",
"of",
"ventricular",
"extrasystoles",
"increased",
"slightly",
"at",
"maximum",
"effort",
".",
"Clinical",
"course",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"bisoprolol",
"5",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"and",
"the",
"Holter",
"monitoring",
"recorded",
"disappearance",
"of",
"VE",
"but",
"nocturnal",
"atrioventricular",
"block",
"(",
"AVB",
")",
"with",
"several",
"pauses",
",",
"the",
"longest",
"of",
"12",
"seconds",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
"at",
"all",
"times",
"and",
"denied",
"any",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"conduction",
"disorder",
",",
"dilated",
"cardiomyopathy",
"or",
"sudden",
"death",
".",
"The",
"Holter",
"monitoring",
"was",
"interpreted",
"as",
"advanced",
"AVB",
",",
"bisoprolol",
"was",
"discontinued",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"study",
"and",
"monitoring",
".",
"Nocturnal",
"pauses",
"were",
"recorded",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"AVB",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"sinus",
"bradycardia",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"7",
"seconds",
"and",
"very",
"occasional",
"VS",
".",
"Baseline",
"conduction",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"normal",
"by",
"electrophysiological",
"study",
"and",
"sleep",
"apnoea",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"by",
"polysomnography",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"poor",
"clinical",
"situation",
"and",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"curative",
"treatment",
"possibilities",
",",
"analgesia",
"was",
"intensified",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"died",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"structural",
"heart",
"disease",
"and",
"relevant",
"family",
"history",
",",
"he",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"VAB",
"mediated",
"by",
"vagal",
"hypertonia",
"and",
"was",
"advised",
"to",
"reduce",
"his",
"sporting",
"activity",
",",
"but",
"he",
"refused",
".",
"The",
"risk-benefit",
"balance",
"of",
"implanting",
"a",
"single-chamber",
"pacemaker",
"was",
"explained",
"to",
"him",
"and",
"he",
"refused",
".",
"During",
"follow-up",
",",
"he",
"continues",
"to",
"be",
"asymptomatic",
",",
"although",
"Holter",
"ECG",
"monitoring",
"shows",
"that",
"nocturnal",
"pauses",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"9",
"seconds",
"in",
"duration",
"persist",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 50,
"end": 57
},
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 209,
"end": 218
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 880,
"end": 887
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1108,
"end": 1115
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1520,
"end": 1527
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 938,
"end": 944
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1609,
"end": 1615
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
91-year-old woman with senile dementia, arterial hypertension, cholecystectomy, right hip prosthesis, appendectomy, hysterectomy and double adnexectomy for ovarian cancer and intestinal diverticular disease with numerous admissions to the Digestive System Department of our hospital for intestinal pseudo-occlusive symptoms. Urological-digestive history: stress urinary incontinence, repeated urinary tract infections (with positive urine cultures for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis).
He consulted the urology department for episodes of hypogastric discomfort accompanied by dysuria, occasional haematuria and frequent emission of foul-smelling, choluric urine. He was admitted to the General Surgery Department at the end of the year for intestinal occlusive symptoms and fever. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed diverticulosis + perisigmoid fatty infiltration + fistulisation of the sigma and bladder on the left postero-lateral side + pneumocystis + image of "bladder lithiasis" of 1.5 cm. An unloading colostomy and surgical closure of the fistula were performed.
Two months after surgery, the patient returned to the urology department due to persistent dysuria, haematuria and discomfort in the hypogastrium, although the choluric and foul-smelling urine had disappeared after the previous operation. The ultrasound and the control CT scan showed an image suggestive of a 1.5 cm "lithiasis" in the bladder, already described in the CT scan prior to surgery.
Treatment
Endoscopic extraction-fragmentation of this lithiasis was decided as treatment. Endoscopic examination of the bladder lithiasis only succeeded in fragmenting the peripheral calcific shell, identifying a hard core that could not be fragmented by means of endoscopic pneumatic lithotripsy. Due to the extreme hardness, it was decided not to continue with endovesical lithotripsy and the lithiasis was extracted with the support of a 26 Ch nephroscope and Dormia basket. On analysing the "lithiasis" on the operating table, our surprise was that the lithiasis mould corresponded to a stone from a fruit, probably a plum.
The elderly patient, who had difficulty chewing, had swallowed a plum more than 6 months previously, involuntarily swallowed the stone of this fruit, which on reaching the intestinal tract and through the colovesical fistula she had due to her intestinal diverticular disease, became lodged in her bladder. After removal of the endovesical bone, the clinical symptoms of dysuria and haematuria disappeared.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"91-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"senile",
"dementia",
",",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"cholecystectomy",
",",
"right",
"hip",
"prosthesis",
",",
"appendectomy",
",",
"hysterectomy",
"and",
"double",
"adnexectomy",
"for",
"ovarian",
"cancer",
"and",
"intestinal",
"diverticular",
"disease",
"with",
"numerous",
"admissions",
"to",
"the",
"Digestive",
"System",
"Department",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
"for",
"intestinal",
"pseudo-occlusive",
"symptoms",
".",
"Urological-digestive",
"history",
":",
"stress",
"urinary",
"incontinence",
",",
"repeated",
"urinary",
"tract",
"infections",
"(",
"with",
"positive",
"urine",
"cultures",
"for",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
"and",
"Enterococcus",
"faecalis",
")",
".",
"He",
"consulted",
"the",
"urology",
"department",
"for",
"episodes",
"of",
"hypogastric",
"discomfort",
"accompanied",
"by",
"dysuria",
",",
"occasional",
"haematuria",
"and",
"frequent",
"emission",
"of",
"foul-smelling",
",",
"choluric",
"urine",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"General",
"Surgery",
"Department",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"for",
"intestinal",
"occlusive",
"symptoms",
"and",
"fever",
".",
"A",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"scan",
"showed",
"diverticulosis",
"+",
"perisigmoid",
"fatty",
"infiltration",
"+",
"fistulisation",
"of",
"the",
"sigma",
"and",
"bladder",
"on",
"the",
"left",
"postero-lateral",
"side",
"+",
"pneumocystis",
"+",
"image",
"of",
"\"",
"bladder",
"lithiasis",
"\"",
"of",
"1",
".",
"5",
"cm",
".",
"An",
"unloading",
"colostomy",
"and",
"surgical",
"closure",
"of",
"the",
"fistula",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"Two",
"months",
"after",
"surgery",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"returned",
"to",
"the",
"urology",
"department",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"dysuria",
",",
"haematuria",
"and",
"discomfort",
"in",
"the",
"hypogastrium",
",",
"although",
"the",
"choluric",
"and",
"foul-smelling",
"urine",
"had",
"disappeared",
"after",
"the",
"previous",
"operation",
".",
"The",
"ultrasound",
"and",
"the",
"control",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"an",
"image",
"suggestive",
"of",
"a",
"1",
".",
"5",
"cm",
"\"",
"lithiasis",
"\"",
"in",
"the",
"bladder",
",",
"already",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"CT",
"scan",
"prior",
"to",
"surgery",
".",
"Treatment",
"Endoscopic",
"extraction-fragmentation",
"of",
"this",
"lithiasis",
"was",
"decided",
"as",
"treatment",
".",
"Endoscopic",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"bladder",
"lithiasis",
"only",
"succeeded",
"in",
"fragmenting",
"the",
"peripheral",
"calcific",
"shell",
",",
"identifying",
"a",
"hard",
"core",
"that",
"could",
"not",
"be",
"fragmented",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"endoscopic",
"pneumatic",
"lithotripsy",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"extreme",
"hardness",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"not",
"to",
"continue",
"with",
"endovesical",
"lithotripsy",
"and",
"the",
"lithiasis",
"was",
"extracted",
"with",
"the",
"support",
"of",
"a",
"26",
"Ch",
"nephroscope",
"and",
"Dormia",
"basket",
".",
"On",
"analysing",
"the",
"\"",
"lithiasis",
"\"",
"on",
"the",
"operating",
"table",
",",
"our",
"surprise",
"was",
"that",
"the",
"lithiasis",
"mould",
"corresponded",
"to",
"a",
"stone",
"from",
"a",
"fruit",
",",
"probably",
"a",
"plum",
".",
"The",
"elderly",
"patient",
",",
"who",
"had",
"difficulty",
"chewing",
",",
"had",
"swallowed",
"a",
"plum",
"more",
"than",
"6",
"months",
"previously",
",",
"involuntarily",
"swallowed",
"the",
"stone",
"of",
"this",
"fruit",
",",
"which",
"on",
"reaching",
"the",
"intestinal",
"tract",
"and",
"through",
"the",
"colovesical",
"fistula",
"she",
"had",
"due",
"to",
"her",
"intestinal",
"diverticular",
"disease",
",",
"became",
"lodged",
"in",
"her",
"bladder",
".",
"After",
"removal",
"of",
"the",
"endovesical",
"bone",
",",
"the",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
"of",
"dysuria",
"and",
"haematuria",
"disappeared",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Enterococcus faecalis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 483,
"end": 504
},
{
"text": "Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 462,
"end": 478
},
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1125,
"end": 1132
},
{
"text": "plum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2114,
"end": 2118
},
{
"text": "plum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2185,
"end": 2189
},
{
"text": "elderly",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2124,
"end": 2131
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2132,
"end": 2139
}
] | en |
A 48-year-old man with no known drug allergies or toxic habits, with a history of community-acquired pneumonia, came to the emergency department with a two-week history of fever of up to 38.5o C accompanied by general malaise, asthenia and episodes of sweating, predominantly in the evening. During the last two weeks he has consulted the emergency department on several occasions due to these symptoms, and has been discharged with a diagnosis of short-term febrile syndrome, and blood cultures have been taken which so far have not detected any growth of microorganisms. There were no ENT, respiratory, digestive, cutaneous or urological symptoms. As epidemiological background we can highlight that the patient lives in a rural area and has regular contact with properly vaccinated dogs. On examination, he was in an acceptable general state, conscious, oriented and cooperative. There were no palpable peripheral lymphadenopathies or neck stiffness. Eupneic at rest, tolerating the decubitus, afebrile (35.8o) and haemodynamically stable with blood pressure of 125/68 mmHg. Cardiopulmonary auscultation showed rhythmic tones at 77 bpm, without murmurs, friction or extratonos and preserved vesicular murmur, without pathological sounds. The abdomen is soft, depressible, without masses or organomegaly. The lower extremities showed petechial lesions, without oedema or signs of thrombosis. Blood tests: glycaemia, renal function and ions in the normal range and C-reactive protein of 104 mg/L. Haemoglobin 14.4 g/dl, leukocytes 10,700/mm3 and platelets 166,000/mm3. The chest X-ray showed no notable pleuroparenchymal alterations. In the emergency department he was classified as febrile syndrome of intermediate duration and empirical antibiotic treatment was continued with amoxicillin 875 mg/clavulanic acid 125 mg every 8 hours.
Differential diagnosis
In summary, this is a patient with fever of intermediate duration without clear focality except for cutaneous manifestations in the lower limbs, so we will focus the differential diagnosis on fever of unknown origin, even though we know that in up to 20% of cases, the aetiology is not known.
Taking into account the epidemiological context of the patient, one of the causes to be taken into account would be Mediterranean spotted fever, transmitted by ticks and caused by Rickettsia conorii, which presents with fever, headache, myalgia, papular lesions on palms and soles and a necrotic eschar, due to inoculation at the site of the tick bite. Other pathologies to be considered in the epidemiological context of the patient are Coxiella burnetii as the causative agent of Q fever, Brucella melitensis as the causative agent of human brucellosis and Leishmania spp.
Another possible diagnosis in a patient with fever of probable infectious origin with cutaneous manifestations is meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis characterised by fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, petechial lesions on ankles, wrists and mucosal surfaces. However, this diagnosis was ruled out as our patient showed no change in mental status and no signs of meningismus.
Primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, when symptomatic, usually manifests as a typically maculopapular rash, spreading to the palms and soles of the feet, associated with fever, lymphadenomegaly, severe headache, diarrhoea and arthralgias. Within the differential diagnosis of febrile syndrome with petechial lesions on the lower limbs, we would have to evaluate a possible infectious endocarditis with negative blood cultures, as occurs with Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella spp, Legionella spp, Mycoplasma spp, Mycobacterium spp, T. whipplei or slow-growing microorganisms with special requirements or difficult to identify such as the members of the HACEK group (Haemophilus Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella spp), or others such as Abiothrophia spp, Granulicatella spp or Gemella spp3. If we focus on petechial lesions on both lower limbs, we should rule out numerous pathologies, some more frequent such as primary skin disorders, vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, coagulation disorders, and others less frequent such as vascular fragility or malformations, intravascular thrombosis, embolisms or diseases mediated by immunocomplexes. Within the clinical picture we are dealing with, other possibilities, although more remote but which should be considered once the above have been ruled out, would be the existence of intra-abdominal abscesses, mononucleosis syndromes that can sometimes debut without adenopathy, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus 6, parvovirus B19, viral hepatitis and extrapulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis. On the other hand, it must be considered that the origin may be tumoural, which is frequent in leukaemias, carcinomas (especially colon, renal, hepatocarcinoma or metastatic lesions), sarcomas and, typically, in atrial myxoma.
Evolution
Ten days after blood cultures were taken, Capnocytophaga canimorsus (1/6) was isolated and was sensitive to ampicillin, so the patient was contacted and returned to the emergency department. The patient presented with a febrile syndrome of four weeks' duration with general malaise, weight loss and asthenia, accompanied for the last three days by dyspnoea and productive cough. On examination, the patient was haemodynamically stable with blood pressure of 113/70 mmHg, tachypnoea saturating at 97% with no use of accessory muscles. Cardiopulmonary auscultation showed rhythmic tones at 102 bpm with a panfocal systolic murmur III-IV/VI, and a globally decreased vesicular murmur, with no additional pathological sounds. The abdomen was soft, depressible, without masses or organomegaly. Petechial lesions persisted on the lower extremities, without oedema or signs of thrombosis. In view of these findings, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed, showing vegetations on the native aortic and mitral valves suggestive of infective endocarditis, with intense valve destruction (aortic insufficiency and mitral regurgitation, both severe) together with dilatation of both left chambers. The result of the echocardiography together with the blood cultures established the diagnosis of endocarditis, as he fulfilled one major and three minor Duke criteria. He underwent emergency surgery, and after cleaning and removal of devitalised and infected tissues, a double mitral and aortic valve replacement was performed with implantation of two biological valve prostheses. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient presented third-degree atrioventricular block with transient pacemaker dependence, so DDD permanent pacemaker was finally implanted without incident.
The microbiological culture of the valves was negative, but in the samples analysed by genomic analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the 16s ribonucleic acid (RNA) gene, the presence of Capnocytophaga canimorsus was detected, so the patient received postoperative antimicrobial treatment with ampicillin 2 g/iv/4hours for three weeks, with good tolerance and no recurrence of fever. At the end of this treatment, an ultrasound check-up was performed, showing both prostheses to be normal and functioning, together with slight pleural and pericardial effusion. Given the good clinical evolution, the patient was discharged home. A week later, he consulted the emergency department again for two days of general malaise accompanied by fever of up to 39°C and cold sweats. He did not report any focal symptoms in the interrogation. There were no respiratory, digestive or urological symptoms. On examination, the patient is haemodynamically stable with blood pressure of 115/72 mmHg, eupneic at rest, saturating at 98%. Cardiopulmonary auscultation showed rhythmic tones at 92 bpm and decreased vesicular murmur in the left lung base with no additional pathological sounds. Healed surgical wound, stable sternum without suppuration. Lower extremities without oedema or signs of thrombosis. Blood glucose, renal function and ions in range, C-reactive protein of 71 mg/L. Haemoglobin 10.2 g/dl, leukocytes 7,830/mm3 and platelets 206,000/mm3.
In summary, we are dealing with a patient who underwent valve replacement four weeks ago due to mitroaortic infective endocarditis caused by C. canimorsus and pacemaker implantation, with a febrile syndrome without focality. Given the patient's history, blood cultures were taken and transthoracic echocardiography was performed, with similar results to those obtained prior to discharge.
At this point, a new differential diagnosis was established, assessing the most likely aetiologies as recurrence of endocarditis, pacemaker infection, surgical site infection and the development of pleuropericardial syndrome. The absence of analytical data supporting an infectious aetiology, the negative serial blood cultures and the fact that the patient had undergone targeted antibiotic treatment for four weeks led to rule out an infectious entity as the first diagnostic option. The presence of a small left pleural effusion together with pericardial effusion and the absence of vegetations on ultrasound led to the conclusion that pleuropericardial syndrome was the most likely diagnosis. This disorder affecting both pleura and pericardium frequently appears after cardiac surgery and is characterised by left pleural effusion. Given the clinical diagnosis of febrile syndrome probably caused by pleuropericardial syndrome, he was treated with prednisone 60 mg/24h for three days with good tolerance and apparent resolution of fever, and was discharged with corticosteroid treatment.
He was readmitted ten days later with poor general condition, tending to hypotension, dyspnoeic at rest and with QSOFA score 2. On examination there was a violaceous lesion on the thumb of the first finger of the right lower limb. Laboratory tests revealed acute renal failure with creatinine of 2 mg/dl and lactic acid of 6.1 mmol/L. The haemogram showed leukocytosis of 47,360/mm3 with neutrophilia and thrombopenia of 20,000/mm3. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed an image compatible with vegetation in the mitroaortic region with involvement of the tricuspid septal leaflet and fistulisation of the membranous septum causing a perimembranous ventricular septal defect at the level of the aortic root. In view of these findings, he was diagnosed with septic and cardiogenic shock secondary to infective endocarditis with extensive involvement of the mitral and aortic valves. In the following hours he progressed to multiorgan failure refractory to fluids, amines, antibiotics and mechanical ventilation, finally dying of asystole.
Final diagnosis
Infective mitroaortic endocarditis on native valves due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus.
| [
"A",
"48-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
"or",
"toxic",
"habits",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"community-acquired",
"pneumonia",
",",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"a",
"two-week",
"history",
"of",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"38",
".",
"5o",
"C",
"accompanied",
"by",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"asthenia",
"and",
"episodes",
"of",
"sweating",
",",
"predominantly",
"in",
"the",
"evening",
".",
"During",
"the",
"last",
"two",
"weeks",
"he",
"has",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"on",
"several",
"occasions",
"due",
"to",
"these",
"symptoms",
",",
"and",
"has",
"been",
"discharged",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"short-term",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
",",
"and",
"blood",
"cultures",
"have",
"been",
"taken",
"which",
"so",
"far",
"have",
"not",
"detected",
"any",
"growth",
"of",
"microorganisms",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"ENT",
",",
"respiratory",
",",
"digestive",
",",
"cutaneous",
"or",
"urological",
"symptoms",
".",
"As",
"epidemiological",
"background",
"we",
"can",
"highlight",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"lives",
"in",
"a",
"rural",
"area",
"and",
"has",
"regular",
"contact",
"with",
"properly",
"vaccinated",
"dogs",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"he",
"was",
"in",
"an",
"acceptable",
"general",
"state",
",",
"conscious",
",",
"oriented",
"and",
"cooperative",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"palpable",
"peripheral",
"lymphadenopathies",
"or",
"neck",
"stiffness",
".",
"Eupneic",
"at",
"rest",
",",
"tolerating",
"the",
"decubitus",
",",
"afebrile",
"(",
"35",
".",
"8o",
")",
"and",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"with",
"blood",
"pressure",
"of",
"125",
"/",
"68",
"mmHg",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"rhythmic",
"tones",
"at",
"77",
"bpm",
",",
"without",
"murmurs",
",",
"friction",
"or",
"extratonos",
"and",
"preserved",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
",",
"without",
"pathological",
"sounds",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"is",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"without",
"masses",
"or",
"organomegaly",
".",
"The",
"lower",
"extremities",
"showed",
"petechial",
"lesions",
",",
"without",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"thrombosis",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
":",
"glycaemia",
",",
"renal",
"function",
"and",
"ions",
"in",
"the",
"normal",
"range",
"and",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"of",
"104",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Haemoglobin",
"14",
".",
"4",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"leukocytes",
"10",
",",
"700",
"/",
"mm3",
"and",
"platelets",
"166",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"The",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"no",
"notable",
"pleuroparenchymal",
"alterations",
".",
"In",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"he",
"was",
"classified",
"as",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"of",
"intermediate",
"duration",
"and",
"empirical",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"continued",
"with",
"amoxicillin",
"875",
"mg",
"/",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
"125",
"mg",
"every",
"8",
"hours",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"In",
"summary",
",",
"this",
"is",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"intermediate",
"duration",
"without",
"clear",
"focality",
"except",
"for",
"cutaneous",
"manifestations",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"so",
"we",
"will",
"focus",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"on",
"fever",
"of",
"unknown",
"origin",
",",
"even",
"though",
"we",
"know",
"that",
"in",
"up",
"to",
"20",
"%",
"of",
"cases",
",",
"the",
"aetiology",
"is",
"not",
"known",
".",
"Taking",
"into",
"account",
"the",
"epidemiological",
"context",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
",",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"causes",
"to",
"be",
"taken",
"into",
"account",
"would",
"be",
"Mediterranean",
"spotted",
"fever",
",",
"transmitted",
"by",
"ticks",
"and",
"caused",
"by",
"Rickettsia",
"conorii",
",",
"which",
"presents",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"headache",
",",
"myalgia",
",",
"papular",
"lesions",
"on",
"palms",
"and",
"soles",
"and",
"a",
"necrotic",
"eschar",
",",
"due",
"to",
"inoculation",
"at",
"the",
"site",
"of",
"the",
"tick",
"bite",
".",
"Other",
"pathologies",
"to",
"be",
"considered",
"in",
"the",
"epidemiological",
"context",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"are",
"Coxiella",
"burnetii",
"as",
"the",
"causative",
"agent",
"of",
"Q",
"fever",
",",
"Brucella",
"melitensis",
"as",
"the",
"causative",
"agent",
"of",
"human",
"brucellosis",
"and",
"Leishmania",
"spp",
".",
"Another",
"possible",
"diagnosis",
"in",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"probable",
"infectious",
"origin",
"with",
"cutaneous",
"manifestations",
"is",
"meningitis",
"caused",
"by",
"Neisseria",
"meningitidis",
"characterised",
"by",
"fever",
",",
"headache",
",",
"nausea",
",",
"vomiting",
",",
"petechial",
"lesions",
"on",
"ankles",
",",
"wrists",
"and",
"mucosal",
"surfaces",
".",
"However",
",",
"this",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"as",
"our",
"patient",
"showed",
"no",
"change",
"in",
"mental",
"status",
"and",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"meningismus",
".",
"Primary",
"human",
"immunodeficiency",
"virus",
"(",
"HIV",
")",
"infection",
",",
"when",
"symptomatic",
",",
"usually",
"manifests",
"as",
"a",
"typically",
"maculopapular",
"rash",
",",
"spreading",
"to",
"the",
"palms",
"and",
"soles",
"of",
"the",
"feet",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"lymphadenomegaly",
",",
"severe",
"headache",
",",
"diarrhoea",
"and",
"arthralgias",
".",
"Within",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"with",
"petechial",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"we",
"would",
"have",
"to",
"evaluate",
"a",
"possible",
"infectious",
"endocarditis",
"with",
"negative",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"as",
"occurs",
"with",
"Coxiella",
"burnetii",
",",
"Bartonella",
"spp",
",",
"Legionella",
"spp",
",",
"Mycoplasma",
"spp",
",",
"Mycobacterium",
"spp",
",",
"T",
".",
"whipplei",
"or",
"slow-growing",
"microorganisms",
"with",
"special",
"requirements",
"or",
"difficult",
"to",
"identify",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"HACEK",
"group",
"(",
"Haemophilus",
"Aggregatibacter",
",",
"Cardiobacterium",
",",
"Eikenella",
"and",
"Kingella",
"spp",
")",
",",
"or",
"others",
"such",
"as",
"Abiothrophia",
"spp",
",",
"Granulicatella",
"spp",
"or",
"Gemella",
"spp3",
".",
"If",
"we",
"focus",
"on",
"petechial",
"lesions",
"on",
"both",
"lower",
"limbs",
",",
"we",
"should",
"rule",
"out",
"numerous",
"pathologies",
",",
"some",
"more",
"frequent",
"such",
"as",
"primary",
"skin",
"disorders",
",",
"vasculitis",
",",
"systemic",
"lupus",
"erythematosus",
",",
"coagulation",
"disorders",
",",
"and",
"others",
"less",
"frequent",
"such",
"as",
"vascular",
"fragility",
"or",
"malformations",
",",
"intravascular",
"thrombosis",
",",
"embolisms",
"or",
"diseases",
"mediated",
"by",
"immunocomplexes",
".",
"Within",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
"we",
"are",
"dealing",
"with",
",",
"other",
"possibilities",
",",
"although",
"more",
"remote",
"but",
"which",
"should",
"be",
"considered",
"once",
"the",
"above",
"have",
"been",
"ruled",
"out",
",",
"would",
"be",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"intra-abdominal",
"abscesses",
",",
"mononucleosis",
"syndromes",
"that",
"can",
"sometimes",
"debut",
"without",
"adenopathy",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
",",
"Epstein-Barr",
"virus",
",",
"herpes",
"simplex",
"virus",
"6",
",",
"parvovirus",
"B19",
",",
"viral",
"hepatitis",
"and",
"extrapulmonary",
"and",
"disseminated",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"On",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"it",
"must",
"be",
"considered",
"that",
"the",
"origin",
"may",
"be",
"tumoural",
",",
"which",
"is",
"frequent",
"in",
"leukaemias",
",",
"carcinomas",
"(",
"especially",
"colon",
",",
"renal",
",",
"hepatocarcinoma",
"or",
"metastatic",
"lesions",
")",
",",
"sarcomas",
"and",
",",
"typically",
",",
"in",
"atrial",
"myxoma",
".",
"Evolution",
"Ten",
"days",
"after",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
",",
"Capnocytophaga",
"canimorsus",
"(",
"1",
"/",
"6",
")",
"was",
"isolated",
"and",
"was",
"sensitive",
"to",
"ampicillin",
",",
"so",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"contacted",
"and",
"returned",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"a",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"of",
"four",
"weeks",
"'",
"duration",
"with",
"general",
"malaise",
",",
"weight",
"loss",
"and",
"asthenia",
",",
"accompanied",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"three",
"days",
"by",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"productive",
"cough",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"with",
"blood",
"pressure",
"of",
"113",
"/",
"70",
"mmHg",
",",
"tachypnoea",
"saturating",
"at",
"97",
"%",
"with",
"no",
"use",
"of",
"accessory",
"muscles",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"rhythmic",
"tones",
"at",
"102",
"bpm",
"with",
"a",
"panfocal",
"systolic",
"murmur",
"III-IV",
"/",
"VI",
",",
"and",
"a",
"globally",
"decreased",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
",",
"with",
"no",
"additional",
"pathological",
"sounds",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"without",
"masses",
"or",
"organomegaly",
".",
"Petechial",
"lesions",
"persisted",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"extremities",
",",
"without",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"thrombosis",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"(",
"TTE",
")",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"vegetations",
"on",
"the",
"native",
"aortic",
"and",
"mitral",
"valves",
"suggestive",
"of",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
",",
"with",
"intense",
"valve",
"destruction",
"(",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"and",
"mitral",
"regurgitation",
",",
"both",
"severe",
")",
"together",
"with",
"dilatation",
"of",
"both",
"left",
"chambers",
".",
"The",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"echocardiography",
"together",
"with",
"the",
"blood",
"cultures",
"established",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"endocarditis",
",",
"as",
"he",
"fulfilled",
"one",
"major",
"and",
"three",
"minor",
"Duke",
"criteria",
".",
"He",
"underwent",
"emergency",
"surgery",
",",
"and",
"after",
"cleaning",
"and",
"removal",
"of",
"devitalised",
"and",
"infected",
"tissues",
",",
"a",
"double",
"mitral",
"and",
"aortic",
"valve",
"replacement",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"implantation",
"of",
"two",
"biological",
"valve",
"prostheses",
".",
"In",
"the",
"immediate",
"postoperative",
"period",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"third-degree",
"atrioventricular",
"block",
"with",
"transient",
"pacemaker",
"dependence",
",",
"so",
"DDD",
"permanent",
"pacemaker",
"was",
"finally",
"implanted",
"without",
"incident",
".",
"The",
"microbiological",
"culture",
"of",
"the",
"valves",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"but",
"in",
"the",
"samples",
"analysed",
"by",
"genomic",
"analysis",
"by",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"PCR",
")",
"and",
"sequencing",
"of",
"the",
"16s",
"ribonucleic",
"acid",
"(",
"RNA",
")",
"gene",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"Capnocytophaga",
"canimorsus",
"was",
"detected",
",",
"so",
"the",
"patient",
"received",
"postoperative",
"antimicrobial",
"treatment",
"with",
"ampicillin",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"iv",
"/",
"4hours",
"for",
"three",
"weeks",
",",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
"and",
"no",
"recurrence",
"of",
"fever",
".",
"At",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"this",
"treatment",
",",
"an",
"ultrasound",
"check-up",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"both",
"prostheses",
"to",
"be",
"normal",
"and",
"functioning",
",",
"together",
"with",
"slight",
"pleural",
"and",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"good",
"clinical",
"evolution",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"home",
".",
"A",
"week",
"later",
",",
"he",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"again",
"for",
"two",
"days",
"of",
"general",
"malaise",
"accompanied",
"by",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39",
"°",
"C",
"and",
"cold",
"sweats",
".",
"He",
"did",
"not",
"report",
"any",
"focal",
"symptoms",
"in",
"the",
"interrogation",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"respiratory",
",",
"digestive",
"or",
"urological",
"symptoms",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"is",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"with",
"blood",
"pressure",
"of",
"115",
"/",
"72",
"mmHg",
",",
"eupneic",
"at",
"rest",
",",
"saturating",
"at",
"98",
"%",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"rhythmic",
"tones",
"at",
"92",
"bpm",
"and",
"decreased",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"lung",
"base",
"with",
"no",
"additional",
"pathological",
"sounds",
".",
"Healed",
"surgical",
"wound",
",",
"stable",
"sternum",
"without",
"suppuration",
".",
"Lower",
"extremities",
"without",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"thrombosis",
".",
"Blood",
"glucose",
",",
"renal",
"function",
"and",
"ions",
"in",
"range",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"of",
"71",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Haemoglobin",
"10",
".",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"leukocytes",
"7",
",",
"830",
"/",
"mm3",
"and",
"platelets",
"206",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"In",
"summary",
",",
"we",
"are",
"dealing",
"with",
"a",
"patient",
"who",
"underwent",
"valve",
"replacement",
"four",
"weeks",
"ago",
"due",
"to",
"mitroaortic",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
"caused",
"by",
"C",
".",
"canimorsus",
"and",
"pacemaker",
"implantation",
",",
"with",
"a",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"without",
"focality",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"history",
",",
"blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
"and",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"similar",
"results",
"to",
"those",
"obtained",
"prior",
"to",
"discharge",
".",
"At",
"this",
"point",
",",
"a",
"new",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"established",
",",
"assessing",
"the",
"most",
"likely",
"aetiologies",
"as",
"recurrence",
"of",
"endocarditis",
",",
"pacemaker",
"infection",
",",
"surgical",
"site",
"infection",
"and",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"pleuropericardial",
"syndrome",
".",
"The",
"absence",
"of",
"analytical",
"data",
"supporting",
"an",
"infectious",
"aetiology",
",",
"the",
"negative",
"serial",
"blood",
"cultures",
"and",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"undergone",
"targeted",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"for",
"four",
"weeks",
"led",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"an",
"infectious",
"entity",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"diagnostic",
"option",
".",
"The",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"small",
"left",
"pleural",
"effusion",
"together",
"with",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"and",
"the",
"absence",
"of",
"vegetations",
"on",
"ultrasound",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"conclusion",
"that",
"pleuropericardial",
"syndrome",
"was",
"the",
"most",
"likely",
"diagnosis",
".",
"This",
"disorder",
"affecting",
"both",
"pleura",
"and",
"pericardium",
"frequently",
"appears",
"after",
"cardiac",
"surgery",
"and",
"is",
"characterised",
"by",
"left",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"probably",
"caused",
"by",
"pleuropericardial",
"syndrome",
",",
"he",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"prednisone",
"60",
"mg",
"/",
"24h",
"for",
"three",
"days",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
"and",
"apparent",
"resolution",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"corticosteroid",
"treatment",
".",
"He",
"was",
"readmitted",
"ten",
"days",
"later",
"with",
"poor",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"tending",
"to",
"hypotension",
",",
"dyspnoeic",
"at",
"rest",
"and",
"with",
"QSOFA",
"score",
"2",
".",
"On",
"examination",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"violaceous",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"thumb",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"finger",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"revealed",
"acute",
"renal",
"failure",
"with",
"creatinine",
"of",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"lactic",
"acid",
"of",
"6",
".",
"1",
"mmol",
"/",
"L",
".",
"The",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"leukocytosis",
"of",
"47",
",",
"360",
"/",
"mm3",
"with",
"neutrophilia",
"and",
"thrombopenia",
"of",
"20",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"and",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiography",
"showed",
"an",
"image",
"compatible",
"with",
"vegetation",
"in",
"the",
"mitroaortic",
"region",
"with",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"tricuspid",
"septal",
"leaflet",
"and",
"fistulisation",
"of",
"the",
"membranous",
"septum",
"causing",
"a",
"perimembranous",
"ventricular",
"septal",
"defect",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"aortic",
"root",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"he",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"septic",
"and",
"cardiogenic",
"shock",
"secondary",
"to",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
"with",
"extensive",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"mitral",
"and",
"aortic",
"valves",
".",
"In",
"the",
"following",
"hours",
"he",
"progressed",
"to",
"multiorgan",
"failure",
"refractory",
"to",
"fluids",
",",
"amines",
",",
"antibiotics",
"and",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
",",
"finally",
"dying",
"of",
"asystole",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Infective",
"mitroaortic",
"endocarditis",
"on",
"native",
"valves",
"due",
"to",
"Capnocytophaga",
"canimorsus",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0
] | [
{
"text": "microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 557,
"end": 571
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 706,
"end": 713
},
{
"text": "dogs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 785,
"end": 789
},
{
"text": "vaccinated",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 774,
"end": 784
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1885,
"end": 1892
},
{
"text": "Brucella melitensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2648,
"end": 2667
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2595,
"end": 2612
},
{
"text": "Leishmania spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2716,
"end": 2730
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia conorii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2337,
"end": 2355
},
{
"text": "tick",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2499,
"end": 2503
},
{
"text": "ticks",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2317,
"end": 2322
},
{
"text": "human",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2694,
"end": 2699
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2212,
"end": 2219
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2583,
"end": 2590
},
{
"text": "Neisseria meningitidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2868,
"end": 2890
},
{
"text": "Mycoplasma spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3628,
"end": 3642
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3156,
"end": 3159
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4582,
"end": 4597
},
{
"text": "human",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3126,
"end": 3131
},
{
"text": "microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3691,
"end": 3705
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4599,
"end": 4617
},
{
"text": "human immunodeficiency virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3126,
"end": 3154
},
{
"text": "herpes simplex virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4619,
"end": 4639
},
{
"text": "infection",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3161,
"end": 3170
},
{
"text": "T. whipplei",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3663,
"end": 3674
},
{
"text": "Aggregatibacter",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3809,
"end": 3824
},
{
"text": "Cardiobacterium",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3826,
"end": 3841
},
{
"text": "Eikenella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3843,
"end": 3852
},
{
"text": "Kingella spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3857,
"end": 3869
},
{
"text": "Granulicatella spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3908,
"end": 3926
},
{
"text": "parvovirus B19",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4643,
"end": 4657
},
{
"text": "Abiothrophia spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3890,
"end": 3906
},
{
"text": "Capnocytophaga canimorsus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5005,
"end": 5030
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5090,
"end": 5097
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5158,
"end": 5165
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5362,
"end": 5369
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6585,
"end": 6592
},
{
"text": "Capnocytophaga canimorsus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6954,
"end": 6979
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7001,
"end": 7008
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7367,
"end": 7374
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7678,
"end": 7685
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8241,
"end": 8248
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8442,
"end": 8449
},
{
"text": "C. canimorsus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8348,
"end": 8361
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 8947,
"end": 8954
},
{
"text": "infection",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8737,
"end": 8746
},
{
"text": "infection",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 8762,
"end": 8771
},
{
"text": "Capnocytophaga canimorsus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 10826,
"end": 10851
}
] | en |
Personal history
Male patient, 63 years old, with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sensory partial epilepsy in 2006 under treatment with lamotrigine. Missionary in Peru for several years until one year prior to his admission. In January 2008, he was admitted to Neurology for instability, and a cranial MRI was performed, showing triventricular hydrocephalus due to obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius, and a peritoneal shunt valve was placed. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed an inflammatory lymphocytic exudate (90 leukocytes with 80% mononuclear and 54 g/dL glucose).
Present illness
The patient presented again in September 2008 due to persistent clinical manifestations. He presented with gait instability and ataxia, together with nausea, vomiting and decreased strength in the lower limbs for a month, as well as fever of up to 38oC since the previous week. There were no other symptoms of note.
Physical examination
General examination revealed no pathological findings. The neurological examination revealed bilateral diplopia and a generalised decrease in strength in the lower limbs. There were no meningeal signs or dysmetria.
Complementary examinations
The haemogram, coagulation and biochemical parameters determined in the blood were within normal limits. Cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry, extracted by lumbar puncture, showed 20 leukocytes/μL (40% polymorphonuclear, 60% mononuclear), 48 g/dL glucose and 106 mg/dL protein. A new MRI scan showed enlargement of the entire ventricular system and transependymal exudation of fluid. After contrast administration, the diagnostic possibility of ependymitis was suggested. On previous admission, cerebrospinal fluid culture for bacteria and mycobacteria was performed, with PCR for mycobacteria, culture for fungi and fresh parasite detection and serology for Trypanosoma cruzi. All these tests were negative. Blood serology was completed for Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum, which were negative, and for Paracoccidioides brasilensis, which was positive. PCR for Paracoccidioides brasilensis in cerebrospinal fluid was negative. HIV serology was performed and was negative.
Diagnostic test
PCR for Histoplasma capsulatum in cerebrospinal fluid: positive.
Clinical judgement
Chronic Histoplasma capsulatum meningitis.
Evolution
Before obtaining the microbiological results, and given the possibility of infection associated with the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt valve, empirical treatment was started with vancomycin and meropenem, without remission of fever or clinical improvement, so tuberculostatics and corticosteroids were added empirically, as tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of chronic lymphocytic meningitis in our environment.
Following positive microbiological tests for Histoplasma capsulatum, treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (300 mg per day) was started for four weeks, with a marked improvement in the condition, with disappearance of fever and neurological alterations. Mild neurotoxicity occurred during treatment, which resolved at the end of treatment. After discontinuation of amphotericin, itraconazole was started orally for eleven months.
During this period several lumbar punctures were performed, with progressive improvement of all parameters. After six months on itraconazole he had five leukocytes (95% mononuclear), 88 g/dL of protein and a glucose of 54.6 g/dL. A Histoplasma PCR was also determined and was negative. A follow-up CT scan was performed in July 2009, which showed active hydrocephalus, necessitating valve replacement. After completion of treatment with itraconazole in January 2010, the patient remains asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence.
| [
"Personal",
"history",
"Male",
"patient",
",",
"63",
"years",
"old",
",",
"with",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"and",
"sensory",
"partial",
"epilepsy",
"in",
"2006",
"under",
"treatment",
"with",
"lamotrigine",
".",
"Missionary",
"in",
"Peru",
"for",
"several",
"years",
"until",
"one",
"year",
"prior",
"to",
"his",
"admission",
".",
"In",
"January",
"2008",
",",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"Neurology",
"for",
"instability",
",",
"and",
"a",
"cranial",
"MRI",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"triventricular",
"hydrocephalus",
"due",
"to",
"obstruction",
"of",
"the",
"aqueduct",
"of",
"Sylvius",
",",
"and",
"a",
"peritoneal",
"shunt",
"valve",
"was",
"placed",
".",
"Cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"examination",
"revealed",
"an",
"inflammatory",
"lymphocytic",
"exudate",
"(",
"90",
"leukocytes",
"with",
"80",
"%",
"mononuclear",
"and",
"54",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
"glucose",
")",
".",
"Present",
"illness",
"The",
"patient",
"presented",
"again",
"in",
"September",
"2008",
"due",
"to",
"persistent",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"with",
"gait",
"instability",
"and",
"ataxia",
",",
"together",
"with",
"nausea",
",",
"vomiting",
"and",
"decreased",
"strength",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
"for",
"a",
"month",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"38oC",
"since",
"the",
"previous",
"week",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"other",
"symptoms",
"of",
"note",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"General",
"examination",
"revealed",
"no",
"pathological",
"findings",
".",
"The",
"neurological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"bilateral",
"diplopia",
"and",
"a",
"generalised",
"decrease",
"in",
"strength",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"meningeal",
"signs",
"or",
"dysmetria",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"The",
"haemogram",
",",
"coagulation",
"and",
"biochemical",
"parameters",
"determined",
"in",
"the",
"blood",
"were",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
".",
"Cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"biochemistry",
",",
"extracted",
"by",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
",",
"showed",
"20",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"μL",
"(",
"40",
"%",
"polymorphonuclear",
",",
"60",
"%",
"mononuclear",
")",
",",
"48",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
"glucose",
"and",
"106",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
"protein",
".",
"A",
"new",
"MRI",
"scan",
"showed",
"enlargement",
"of",
"the",
"entire",
"ventricular",
"system",
"and",
"transependymal",
"exudation",
"of",
"fluid",
".",
"After",
"contrast",
"administration",
",",
"the",
"diagnostic",
"possibility",
"of",
"ependymitis",
"was",
"suggested",
".",
"On",
"previous",
"admission",
",",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"culture",
"for",
"bacteria",
"and",
"mycobacteria",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"PCR",
"for",
"mycobacteria",
",",
"culture",
"for",
"fungi",
"and",
"fresh",
"parasite",
"detection",
"and",
"serology",
"for",
"Trypanosoma",
"cruzi",
".",
"All",
"these",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Blood",
"serology",
"was",
"completed",
"for",
"Blastomyces",
"dermatitidis",
",",
"Coccidioides",
"immitis",
"and",
"Histoplasma",
"capsulatum",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"for",
"Paracoccidioides",
"brasilensis",
",",
"which",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"PCR",
"for",
"Paracoccidioides",
"brasilensis",
"in",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"HIV",
"serology",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Diagnostic",
"test",
"PCR",
"for",
"Histoplasma",
"capsulatum",
"in",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
":",
"positive",
".",
"Clinical",
"judgement",
"Chronic",
"Histoplasma",
"capsulatum",
"meningitis",
".",
"Evolution",
"Before",
"obtaining",
"the",
"microbiological",
"results",
",",
"and",
"given",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"infection",
"associated",
"with",
"the",
"ventriculo-peritoneal",
"shunt",
"valve",
",",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"vancomycin",
"and",
"meropenem",
",",
"without",
"remission",
"of",
"fever",
"or",
"clinical",
"improvement",
",",
"so",
"tuberculostatics",
"and",
"corticosteroids",
"were",
"added",
"empirically",
",",
"as",
"tuberculosis",
"is",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"causes",
"of",
"chronic",
"lymphocytic",
"meningitis",
"in",
"our",
"environment",
".",
"Following",
"positive",
"microbiological",
"tests",
"for",
"Histoplasma",
"capsulatum",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"liposomal",
"amphotericin",
"B",
"(",
"300",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
")",
"was",
"started",
"for",
"four",
"weeks",
",",
"with",
"a",
"marked",
"improvement",
"in",
"the",
"condition",
",",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"fever",
"and",
"neurological",
"alterations",
".",
"Mild",
"neurotoxicity",
"occurred",
"during",
"treatment",
",",
"which",
"resolved",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"treatment",
".",
"After",
"discontinuation",
"of",
"amphotericin",
",",
"itraconazole",
"was",
"started",
"orally",
"for",
"eleven",
"months",
".",
"During",
"this",
"period",
"several",
"lumbar",
"punctures",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"progressive",
"improvement",
"of",
"all",
"parameters",
".",
"After",
"six",
"months",
"on",
"itraconazole",
"he",
"had",
"five",
"leukocytes",
"(",
"95",
"%",
"mononuclear",
")",
",",
"88",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
"of",
"protein",
"and",
"a",
"glucose",
"of",
"54",
".",
"6",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"A",
"Histoplasma",
"PCR",
"was",
"also",
"determined",
"and",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"A",
"follow-up",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"July",
"2009",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"active",
"hydrocephalus",
",",
"necessitating",
"valve",
"replacement",
".",
"After",
"completion",
"of",
"treatment",
"with",
"itraconazole",
"in",
"January",
"2010",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remains",
"asymptomatic",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"recurrence",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "Male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 17,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 29
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 599,
"end": 606
},
{
"text": "Blastomyces dermatitidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1914,
"end": 1938
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1965,
"end": 1976
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma capsulatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1965,
"end": 1987
},
{
"text": "Paracoccidioides brasilensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2018,
"end": 2046
},
{
"text": "Paracoccidioides brasilensis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2076,
"end": 2104
},
{
"text": "Trypanosoma cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1831,
"end": 1848
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2142,
"end": 2145
},
{
"text": "bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1699,
"end": 1707
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1779,
"end": 1784
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1712,
"end": 1724
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1753,
"end": 1765
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1795,
"end": 1803
},
{
"text": "Coccidioides immitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1940,
"end": 1960
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2212,
"end": 2223
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma capsulatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2212,
"end": 2234
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2297,
"end": 2308
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma capsulatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2297,
"end": 2319
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2810,
"end": 2821
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma capsulatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2810,
"end": 2832
},
{
"text": "Histoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3429,
"end": 3440
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3668,
"end": 3675
}
] | en |
A 48-year-old woman with a personal history of moderate aortic stenosis due to calcified bicuspid valve, hypertension treated with beta-blockers, ex-smoking, dyslipidaemia, migraine, hiatus hernia and allergy to beta-lactams.
The patient was admitted to the Cardiac Surgery Department on a scheduled basis for aortic valve replacement and implantation of a St. Jude No 21 aortic prosthesis. The surgical procedure was rapid, with extracorporeal circulation and aortic clamping times of 70 and 60 minutes, respectively, and no intraoperative complications. In the first 24 hours post-surgery the patient presented hypotension due to mild-moderate biventricular dysfunction and acute renal failure which was controlled with vasoactive drugs in the Critical Care Unit (ICU). On postoperative day +7 he started with fever up to 38o C and shivering with no other symptoms; empirical Daptomycin 10 mg/kg/d was prescribed. Blood culture isolated coagulase negative Staphylococcus coagulase negative (SCN) in a bottle of two; negative urine culture; and normal transthoracic ultrasound (TTE) 72 hours after onset of fever; the surgeons made a referral to the Infectious Diseases Service. At the time of evaluation, the patient was afebrile and asymptomatic. The anamnesis included Raynaud's phenomenon of years of evolution, stroke in her youth, first trimester miscarriage and a first-degree relative who had died of ischaemic stroke. Physical examination showed intense livedo reticularis of the lower limbs; and in the analysis only CRP of 12.3 mg/dL. At that time (postoperative day + 12) Fosfomycin 24 grams per day in 3 doses and Ibuprofen 600 mg every 12 hours orally were added.
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis in the case of our patient would be that of a postoperative fever in the first postoperative week.
Infectious causes
- Urinary tract infection associated with a urinary catheter.
- Surgical wound infection
- Associated with vascular access (peripheral or central)
- Associated with prosthetic material Non-infectious causes
- Thrombotic problems: pulmonary thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis.
- Transfusion reaction
- Post-pericardiectomy syndrome.
- Suspected drugs (serotonin receptor inhibitors, low molecular weight heparin, NSAIDs, diuretics, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, vancomycin).
- Endocrine disorders such as hyperthyroidism or addisonian crisis.
Clinical evolution
TEE was performed on day + 13 of antibiotic administration, which showed good functioning of the prosthetic valve with no signs of vegetation. The HC on day + 16 were negative. On day + 20 he presented a new fever peak of 37"8 oC and phlebitis of a peripheral tract, again isolating SCN in blood cultures. For this reason the TEE was repeated on postoperative day + 23 where a vibratile mass of filamentous appearance was observed depending on the aortic wall of about 7 mm in diameter over an aneurysmal area of 2"4 cm to 3"6 cm in the ascending aorta, compatible with endarteritis. Thoracic CT angiography on postoperative day + 24 (+ 12 days of antimicrobial therapy) ruled out complications in the ascending aorta and detected post-sternotomy postoperative changes and bibasal laminar atelectasis with minimal bilateral condensation. The control blood culture on day + 25 was negative. It was decided to maintain antibiotic treatment until 6 weeks had elapsed, given the diagnosis of possible infectious endarteritis. A special coagulation study was carried out, finding Heterozygosis for Factor XII (position 46), positive Lupus Anticoagulant, negative IgM - IgG Beta2 Glycoprotein. Following this, dicoumarin anticoagulant therapy was started with a target INR of 2.5 - 3.5.
The patient remained afebrile and without further incidents; TEE at discharge found no new findings.
Final diagnosis
Post cardiac surgery febrile syndrome, intra-aortic mass in which SCN endarteritis or intra-arterial thrombus cannot be ruled out in the context of primary antiphospholipid syndrome awaiting confirmation 2 or immunological markers at 6 months.
| [
"A",
"48-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"moderate",
"aortic",
"stenosis",
"due",
"to",
"calcified",
"bicuspid",
"valve",
",",
"hypertension",
"treated",
"with",
"beta-blockers",
",",
"ex-smoking",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
",",
"migraine",
",",
"hiatus",
"hernia",
"and",
"allergy",
"to",
"beta-lactams",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Cardiac",
"Surgery",
"Department",
"on",
"a",
"scheduled",
"basis",
"for",
"aortic",
"valve",
"replacement",
"and",
"implantation",
"of",
"a",
"St",
".",
"Jude",
"No",
"21",
"aortic",
"prosthesis",
".",
"The",
"surgical",
"procedure",
"was",
"rapid",
",",
"with",
"extracorporeal",
"circulation",
"and",
"aortic",
"clamping",
"times",
"of",
"70",
"and",
"60",
"minutes",
",",
"respectively",
",",
"and",
"no",
"intraoperative",
"complications",
".",
"In",
"the",
"first",
"24",
"hours",
"post-surgery",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"hypotension",
"due",
"to",
"mild-moderate",
"biventricular",
"dysfunction",
"and",
"acute",
"renal",
"failure",
"which",
"was",
"controlled",
"with",
"vasoactive",
"drugs",
"in",
"the",
"Critical",
"Care",
"Unit",
"(",
"ICU",
")",
".",
"On",
"postoperative",
"day",
"+",
"7",
"he",
"started",
"with",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"38o",
"C",
"and",
"shivering",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"symptoms",
";",
"empirical",
"Daptomycin",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"d",
"was",
"prescribed",
".",
"Blood",
"culture",
"isolated",
"coagulase",
"negative",
"Staphylococcus",
"coagulase",
"negative",
"(",
"SCN",
")",
"in",
"a",
"bottle",
"of",
"two",
";",
"negative",
"urine",
"culture",
";",
"and",
"normal",
"transthoracic",
"ultrasound",
"(",
"TTE",
")",
"72",
"hours",
"after",
"onset",
"of",
"fever",
";",
"the",
"surgeons",
"made",
"a",
"referral",
"to",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Service",
".",
"At",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"evaluation",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"afebrile",
"and",
"asymptomatic",
".",
"The",
"anamnesis",
"included",
"Raynaud",
"'",
"s",
"phenomenon",
"of",
"years",
"of",
"evolution",
",",
"stroke",
"in",
"her",
"youth",
",",
"first",
"trimester",
"miscarriage",
"and",
"a",
"first-degree",
"relative",
"who",
"had",
"died",
"of",
"ischaemic",
"stroke",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"showed",
"intense",
"livedo",
"reticularis",
"of",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
";",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"analysis",
"only",
"CRP",
"of",
"12",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"At",
"that",
"time",
"(",
"postoperative",
"day",
"+",
"12",
")",
"Fosfomycin",
"24",
"grams",
"per",
"day",
"in",
"3",
"doses",
"and",
"Ibuprofen",
"600",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"orally",
"were",
"added",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"in",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"our",
"patient",
"would",
"be",
"that",
"of",
"a",
"postoperative",
"fever",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"postoperative",
"week",
".",
"Infectious",
"causes",
"-",
"Urinary",
"tract",
"infection",
"associated",
"with",
"a",
"urinary",
"catheter",
".",
"-",
"Surgical",
"wound",
"infection",
"-",
"Associated",
"with",
"vascular",
"access",
"(",
"peripheral",
"or",
"central",
")",
"-",
"Associated",
"with",
"prosthetic",
"material",
"Non-infectious",
"causes",
"-",
"Thrombotic",
"problems",
":",
"pulmonary",
"thromboembolism",
",",
"thrombophlebitis",
".",
"-",
"Transfusion",
"reaction",
"-",
"Post-pericardiectomy",
"syndrome",
".",
"-",
"Suspected",
"drugs",
"(",
"serotonin",
"receptor",
"inhibitors",
",",
"low",
"molecular",
"weight",
"heparin",
",",
"NSAIDs",
",",
"diuretics",
",",
"beta-lactams",
",",
"fluoroquinolones",
",",
"vancomycin",
")",
".",
"-",
"Endocrine",
"disorders",
"such",
"as",
"hyperthyroidism",
"or",
"addisonian",
"crisis",
".",
"Clinical",
"evolution",
"TEE",
"was",
"performed",
"on",
"day",
"+",
"13",
"of",
"antibiotic",
"administration",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"good",
"functioning",
"of",
"the",
"prosthetic",
"valve",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"vegetation",
".",
"The",
"HC",
"on",
"day",
"+",
"16",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"On",
"day",
"+",
"20",
"he",
"presented",
"a",
"new",
"fever",
"peak",
"of",
"37",
"\"",
"8",
"oC",
"and",
"phlebitis",
"of",
"a",
"peripheral",
"tract",
",",
"again",
"isolating",
"SCN",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"For",
"this",
"reason",
"the",
"TEE",
"was",
"repeated",
"on",
"postoperative",
"day",
"+",
"23",
"where",
"a",
"vibratile",
"mass",
"of",
"filamentous",
"appearance",
"was",
"observed",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"aortic",
"wall",
"of",
"about",
"7",
"mm",
"in",
"diameter",
"over",
"an",
"aneurysmal",
"area",
"of",
"2",
"\"",
"4",
"cm",
"to",
"3",
"\"",
"6",
"cm",
"in",
"the",
"ascending",
"aorta",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"endarteritis",
".",
"Thoracic",
"CT",
"angiography",
"on",
"postoperative",
"day",
"+",
"24",
"(",
"+",
"12",
"days",
"of",
"antimicrobial",
"therapy",
")",
"ruled",
"out",
"complications",
"in",
"the",
"ascending",
"aorta",
"and",
"detected",
"post-sternotomy",
"postoperative",
"changes",
"and",
"bibasal",
"laminar",
"atelectasis",
"with",
"minimal",
"bilateral",
"condensation",
".",
"The",
"control",
"blood",
"culture",
"on",
"day",
"+",
"25",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"maintain",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"until",
"6",
"weeks",
"had",
"elapsed",
",",
"given",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"possible",
"infectious",
"endarteritis",
".",
"A",
"special",
"coagulation",
"study",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"finding",
"Heterozygosis",
"for",
"Factor",
"XII",
"(",
"position",
"46",
")",
",",
"positive",
"Lupus",
"Anticoagulant",
",",
"negative",
"IgM",
"-",
"IgG",
"Beta2",
"Glycoprotein",
".",
"Following",
"this",
",",
"dicoumarin",
"anticoagulant",
"therapy",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"a",
"target",
"INR",
"of",
"2",
".",
"5",
"-",
"3",
".",
"5",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"remained",
"afebrile",
"and",
"without",
"further",
"incidents",
";",
"TEE",
"at",
"discharge",
"found",
"no",
"new",
"findings",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Post",
"cardiac",
"surgery",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
",",
"intra-aortic",
"mass",
"in",
"which",
"SCN",
"endarteritis",
"or",
"intra-arterial",
"thrombus",
"cannot",
"be",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"primary",
"antiphospholipid",
"syndrome",
"awaiting",
"confirmation",
"2",
"or",
"immunological",
"markers",
"at",
"6",
"months",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 27,
"end": 35
},
{
"text": "coagulase negative Staphylococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 940,
"end": 973
},
{
"text": "youth",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1332,
"end": 1337
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 231,
"end": 238
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 596,
"end": 603
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1212,
"end": 1219
},
{
"text": "SCN",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 994,
"end": 997
},
{
"text": "surgeons",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1120,
"end": 1128
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1750,
"end": 1757
},
{
"text": "SCN",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2696,
"end": 2699
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3698,
"end": 3705
},
{
"text": "SCN",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3878,
"end": 3881
}
] | en |
ID: ALA.
Date of admission to the service:20/08/10.
Age: 61 years.
Male sex.
Epidemiological means for Chagas disease. Serology 3/3 +, PCR for Chagas +. Chagasic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Congestive heart failure diagnosed in 2007.
Hospitalisation for symptomatic VTMS with haemodynamic decompensation in 2008.
ICD implanted in 2008.
Cardiac Doppler echocardiography 04-06-09
DDVI: 81mm PAPS:40mmhg DSVI:62mm SIV:11mm PPVI:9mm DSAUI:46mm RAO:35mm Fac:23% Fey:40% by Simpson. Global hypokinesia with severe depressed LVEF, normal right cavities, preserved RVSF, pseudonormal pattern, moderate MI, mild TR.
Myocardial perfusion in R and E.
Exertion 23%.
Rest 21%.
Functional capacity 2 to 450 kgm. Test stopped due to dyspnoea.
Physical examination
NYHA functional class 2.
BP: 90-50 mmhg, asymptomatic.
Fc:59 x ́.
2R in 4f, R3 + (D)IT 2/3,RHY +.
Non painful hepatomegaly.
Mild bimalleolar oedema.
No ascites.
CVM.
Treatment
Enalapril 5 mg c/12 hrs.
Spironolactone 25 mg/d.
Furosemide 40 mg c/12 hrs.
Carvedilol 12,5 mg c/12 hrs.
Amiodarone 200 mg/d.
Omeprazole 20 mg/d.
Treatment with benznidazole 300 mg /day is started. Divided into 2 doses. Completed full treatment without complications.
New admission
On 19/02/13 he was admitted to Htal. Xenón Mansilla de Santiago del Ester0 due to deterioration of sensorium. 360 joules cardioverted with 3 shocks, the 3rd successful.
Patient continues febrile with cultures + for klebsiella pneumoniae and ATB treatment is started. Presents electrical storm with more than 20 appropriate shocks and 3 unsuccessful. Cardiac Doppler echocardiography without vegetations, Fey 30%. Electrophysiology requested radiofrequency substrate ablation with 3D mapping.
On 08/01/15 he was admitted for ICD replacement due to generator exhaustion. Medical treatment is modified:
Carvedilol by bisoprolol 2.5 mg for arterial hypotension rest is not modified.
He continued with dizziness and isolated pre-syncopal states. He attended our department on 11/04/16 for ICD shock.
More than 10 episodes of VT with appropriate shocks. Decompensating metabolic causes are ruled out. Optimized medical treatment is rotated to sotalol 80 mg/d rest the same.
| [
"ID",
":",
"ALA",
".",
"Date",
"of",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"service",
":",
"20",
"/",
"08",
"/",
"10",
".",
"Age",
":",
"61",
"years",
".",
"Male",
"sex",
".",
"Epidemiological",
"means",
"for",
"Chagas",
"disease",
".",
"Serology",
"3",
"/",
"3",
"+",
",",
"PCR",
"for",
"Chagas",
"+",
".",
"Chagasic",
"dilated",
"cardiomyopathy",
".",
"Congestive",
"heart",
"failure",
"diagnosed",
"in",
"2007",
".",
"Hospitalisation",
"for",
"symptomatic",
"VTMS",
"with",
"haemodynamic",
"decompensation",
"in",
"2008",
".",
"ICD",
"implanted",
"in",
"2008",
".",
"Cardiac",
"Doppler",
"echocardiography",
"04-06-09",
"DDVI",
":",
"81mm",
"PAPS",
":",
"40mmhg",
"DSVI",
":",
"62mm",
"SIV",
":",
"11mm",
"PPVI",
":",
"9mm",
"DSAUI",
":",
"46mm",
"RAO",
":",
"35mm",
"Fac",
":",
"23",
"%",
"Fey",
":",
"40",
"%",
"by",
"Simpson",
".",
"Global",
"hypokinesia",
"with",
"severe",
"depressed",
"LVEF",
",",
"normal",
"right",
"cavities",
",",
"preserved",
"RVSF",
",",
"pseudonormal",
"pattern",
",",
"moderate",
"MI",
",",
"mild",
"TR",
".",
"Myocardial",
"perfusion",
"in",
"R",
"and",
"E",
".",
"Exertion",
"23",
"%",
".",
"Rest",
"21",
"%",
".",
"Functional",
"capacity",
"2",
"to",
"450",
"kgm",
".",
"Test",
"stopped",
"due",
"to",
"dyspnoea",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"NYHA",
"functional",
"class",
"2",
".",
"BP",
":",
"90-50",
"mmhg",
",",
"asymptomatic",
".",
"Fc",
":",
"59",
"x",
"́",
".",
"2R",
"in",
"4f",
",",
"R3",
"+",
"(",
"D",
")",
"IT",
"2",
"/",
"3",
",",
"RHY",
"+",
".",
"Non",
"painful",
"hepatomegaly",
".",
"Mild",
"bimalleolar",
"oedema",
".",
"No",
"ascites",
".",
"CVM",
".",
"Treatment",
"Enalapril",
"5",
"mg",
"c",
"/",
"12",
"hrs",
".",
"Spironolactone",
"25",
"mg",
"/",
"d",
".",
"Furosemide",
"40",
"mg",
"c",
"/",
"12",
"hrs",
".",
"Carvedilol",
"12",
",",
"5",
"mg",
"c",
"/",
"12",
"hrs",
".",
"Amiodarone",
"200",
"mg",
"/",
"d",
".",
"Omeprazole",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"d",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"benznidazole",
"300",
"mg",
"/",
"day",
"is",
"started",
".",
"Divided",
"into",
"2",
"doses",
".",
"Completed",
"full",
"treatment",
"without",
"complications",
".",
"New",
"admission",
"On",
"19",
"/",
"02",
"/",
"13",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"Htal",
".",
"Xenón",
"Mansilla",
"de",
"Santiago",
"del",
"Ester0",
"due",
"to",
"deterioration",
"of",
"sensorium",
".",
"360",
"joules",
"cardioverted",
"with",
"3",
"shocks",
",",
"the",
"3rd",
"successful",
".",
"Patient",
"continues",
"febrile",
"with",
"cultures",
"+",
"for",
"klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
"and",
"ATB",
"treatment",
"is",
"started",
".",
"Presents",
"electrical",
"storm",
"with",
"more",
"than",
"20",
"appropriate",
"shocks",
"and",
"3",
"unsuccessful",
".",
"Cardiac",
"Doppler",
"echocardiography",
"without",
"vegetations",
",",
"Fey",
"30",
"%",
".",
"Electrophysiology",
"requested",
"radiofrequency",
"substrate",
"ablation",
"with",
"3D",
"mapping",
".",
"On",
"08",
"/",
"01",
"/",
"15",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"ICD",
"replacement",
"due",
"to",
"generator",
"exhaustion",
".",
"Medical",
"treatment",
"is",
"modified",
":",
"Carvedilol",
"by",
"bisoprolol",
"2",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"for",
"arterial",
"hypotension",
"rest",
"is",
"not",
"modified",
".",
"He",
"continued",
"with",
"dizziness",
"and",
"isolated",
"pre-syncopal",
"states",
".",
"He",
"attended",
"our",
"department",
"on",
"11",
"/",
"04",
"/",
"16",
"for",
"ICD",
"shock",
".",
"More",
"than",
"10",
"episodes",
"of",
"VT",
"with",
"appropriate",
"shocks",
".",
"Decompensating",
"metabolic",
"causes",
"are",
"ruled",
"out",
".",
"Optimized",
"medical",
"treatment",
"is",
"rotated",
"to",
"sotalol",
"80",
"mg",
"/",
"d",
"rest",
"the",
"same",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 67,
"end": 71
},
{
"text": "Chagas disease",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 103,
"end": 117
},
{
"text": "Chagas",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 103,
"end": 109
},
{
"text": "Chagas",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 143,
"end": 149
},
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1378,
"end": 1385
},
{
"text": "klebsiella pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1424,
"end": 1445
}
] | en |
A 67-year-old man was admitted to the acute hospital from an ENT clinic on 1 March 2020 with stridor. He had hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, treated in 2015 with radiotherapy. An emergency tracheostomy was performed because of progressive airway obstruction. CT scan and biopsy at tracheostomy with panendoscopy confirmed cancer recurrence. His Australian Modified Karnofsky index score was 70% on admission, but dropped to 40% during the procedure. Discharge was delayed to refer him to a more specialised palliative care hospice.
On 8 April 2020 he was febrile (tympanic temperature 38.5°C). The following day he tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Humidified oxygen was applied due to hypoxia (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) 89%).
A stepwise treatment plan for ward care was agreed with the patient and family.
On 16 April 2020, he presented with tachypnoea. A chest X-ray showed typical features of COVID-19, with widespread bilateral ground-glass opacities. A fentanyl patch (25 mcg/h) was administered with anticipatory medication for dyspnoea. Despite humidified oxygen at 15 L/min via tracheostomy mask, the patient desaturated to 79% SpO2 with a respiratory rate of 32 rpm. He had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3. Using the COVID-GRAM application, his probability of critical illness (ICU admission/intubation/death) was calculated at 99.3% at that time.
On 19 April 2020 he was referred to the palliative care team. He received a continuous subcutaneous infusion of midazolam (10 mg), morphine (15 mg) and hyoscine (60 mg) over 24 hours. The clinical impression was that he was terminally ill.
His family was contacted to visit him in hospital. His treatment followed the individualised care plan "Priorities of Care". The goal of care was the patient's well-being.
On 16 April 2020 he was more conscious. However, his breathing remained laboured, so morphine was increased to 35 mg/24 hours. On 29 April 2020, the RT-PCR test was still positive for COVID-19. With gradual clinical improvement, morphine was reduced to 20 mg/24 hours. On 4 May 2020, the continuous subcutaneous infusion was withdrawn. Clinically directed hydration and nutrition was not administered when the patient was considered to be terminally ill. A new blood test was done on 4 May 2020, which revealed hypernatraemia (154 mmol/L) and acute kidney injury (estimated glomerular filtration rate dropped from > 90 mL/min to 42 mL/min). Clinically directed nutrition and hydration was restarted.
On 6 May 2020, a final COVID-19 test was negative. His respiratory activity returned to baseline and he was subsequently discharged to a nursing home.
| [
"",
"A",
"67-year-old",
"man",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"acute",
"hospital",
"from",
"an",
"ENT",
"clinic",
"on",
"1",
"March",
"2020",
"with",
"stridor",
".",
"He",
"had",
"hypopharyngeal",
"squamous",
"cell",
"carcinoma",
",",
"treated",
"in",
"2015",
"with",
"radiotherapy",
".",
"An",
"emergency",
"tracheostomy",
"was",
"performed",
"because",
"of",
"progressive",
"airway",
"obstruction",
".",
"CT",
"scan",
"and",
"biopsy",
"at",
"tracheostomy",
"with",
"panendoscopy",
"confirmed",
"cancer",
"recurrence",
".",
"His",
"Australian",
"Modified",
"Karnofsky",
"index",
"score",
"was",
"70",
"%",
"on",
"admission",
",",
"but",
"dropped",
"to",
"40",
"%",
"during",
"the",
"procedure",
".",
"Discharge",
"was",
"delayed",
"to",
"refer",
"him",
"to",
"a",
"more",
"specialised",
"palliative",
"care",
"hospice",
".",
"On",
"8",
"April",
"2020",
"he",
"was",
"febrile",
"(",
"tympanic",
"temperature",
"38",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
")",
".",
"The",
"following",
"day",
"he",
"tested",
"positive",
"for",
"COVID-19",
"by",
"RT-PCR",
".",
"Humidified",
"oxygen",
"was",
"applied",
"due",
"to",
"hypoxia",
"(",
"peripheral",
"capillary",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"(",
"SpO2",
")",
"89",
"%",
")",
".",
"A",
"stepwise",
"treatment",
"plan",
"for",
"ward",
"care",
"was",
"agreed",
"with",
"the",
"patient",
"and",
"family",
".",
"On",
"16",
"April",
"2020",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"tachypnoea",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"typical",
"features",
"of",
"COVID-19",
",",
"with",
"widespread",
"bilateral",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
".",
"A",
"fentanyl",
"patch",
"(",
"25",
"mcg",
"/",
"h",
")",
"was",
"administered",
"with",
"anticipatory",
"medication",
"for",
"dyspnoea",
".",
"Despite",
"humidified",
"oxygen",
"at",
"15",
"L",
"/",
"min",
"via",
"tracheostomy",
"mask",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"desaturated",
"to",
"79",
"%",
"SpO2",
"with",
"a",
"respiratory",
"rate",
"of",
"32",
"rpm",
".",
"He",
"had",
"a",
"Glasgow",
"Coma",
"Scale",
"score",
"of",
"3",
".",
"Using",
"the",
"COVID-GRAM",
"application",
",",
"his",
"probability",
"of",
"critical",
"illness",
"(",
"ICU",
"admission",
"/",
"intubation",
"/",
"death",
")",
"was",
"calculated",
"at",
"99",
".",
"3",
"%",
"at",
"that",
"time",
".",
"On",
"19",
"April",
"2020",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"palliative",
"care",
"team",
".",
"He",
"received",
"a",
"continuous",
"subcutaneous",
"infusion",
"of",
"midazolam",
"(",
"10",
"mg",
")",
",",
"morphine",
"(",
"15",
"mg",
")",
"and",
"hyoscine",
"(",
"60",
"mg",
")",
"over",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"impression",
"was",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"terminally",
"ill",
".",
"His",
"family",
"was",
"contacted",
"to",
"visit",
"him",
"in",
"hospital",
".",
"His",
"treatment",
"followed",
"the",
"individualised",
"care",
"plan",
"\"",
"Priorities",
"of",
"Care",
"\"",
".",
"The",
"goal",
"of",
"care",
"was",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"well-being",
".",
"On",
"16",
"April",
"2020",
"he",
"was",
"more",
"conscious",
".",
"However",
",",
"his",
"breathing",
"remained",
"laboured",
",",
"so",
"morphine",
"was",
"increased",
"to",
"35",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"On",
"29",
"April",
"2020",
",",
"the",
"RT-PCR",
"test",
"was",
"still",
"positive",
"for",
"COVID-19",
".",
"With",
"gradual",
"clinical",
"improvement",
",",
"morphine",
"was",
"reduced",
"to",
"20",
"mg",
"/",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"On",
"4",
"May",
"2020",
",",
"the",
"continuous",
"subcutaneous",
"infusion",
"was",
"withdrawn",
".",
"Clinically",
"directed",
"hydration",
"and",
"nutrition",
"was",
"not",
"administered",
"when",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"considered",
"to",
"be",
"terminally",
"ill",
".",
"A",
"new",
"blood",
"test",
"was",
"done",
"on",
"4",
"May",
"2020",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"hypernatraemia",
"(",
"154",
"mmol",
"/",
"L",
")",
"and",
"acute",
"kidney",
"injury",
"(",
"estimated",
"glomerular",
"filtration",
"rate",
"dropped",
"from",
">",
"90",
"mL",
"/",
"min",
"to",
"42",
"mL",
"/",
"min",
")",
".",
"Clinically",
"directed",
"nutrition",
"and",
"hydration",
"was",
"restarted",
".",
"On",
"6",
"May",
"2020",
",",
"a",
"final",
"COVID-19",
"test",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"His",
"respiratory",
"activity",
"returned",
"to",
"baseline",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"subsequently",
"discharged",
"to",
"a",
"nursing",
"home",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 834,
"end": 840
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 822,
"end": 829
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1144,
"end": 1151
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1636,
"end": 1642
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1782,
"end": 1789
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2214,
"end": 2221
}
] | en |
A 68-year-old man with a history of arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome, ischaemic heart disease and chronic kidney disease G3a A3 according to KDIGO 2012 of probable diabetic aetiology with baseline serum creatinine levels of 1.3-1.5 mg/dl. He reported a recent trip to a SARS-CoV-2 risk area and came to the Hospital Emergency Department with a 24-hour history of fever and associated dry cough. A nasopharyngeal swab was performed and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. On the day of admission to the hospital's Emergency Department (day 1), dyspnoea on moderate exertion was added to the symptoms, so it was decided to admit him to hospital and transfer him almost immediately to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to a torpid evolution. His respiratory symptoms were compatible with bilateral pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure: hypotension (mean arterial pressure 60 mmHg), tachypnoea, use of accessory muscles and O2 saturation of 89% despite the use of a reservoir mask (Fi O299%). He required mechanical ventilation and inotropic drugs (noradrenaline and dopamine), oliguria (10 ml/hour) which initially responded to intravenous diuretics, and at the same time, deterioration of renal function up to serum creatinine of 3.4 mg/dl, so that on day 4 it was decided to start continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration, which was maintained until day 26. He received treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon beta, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, methylpredinisolone and anticoagulation with heparin, intermittently, due to a tendency to haemorrhage. From day 21 to day 36 he was treated with cloxacillin and cefepime, successively, due to the presence of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in the bronchoaspirate and worsening of inflammation parameters. Given that he presented anasarca and persistent serum creatinine levels of 2 mg/dl and urea 162 mg/dl, intermittent haemo-dialysis was started with a Theranova 400®1.7m2 filter (Baxter International Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA) with a QB of 270-300 ml/min and a QD 500 ml/min, requiring only two sessions (day 36 and 38). Given the clinical improvement, he was discharged from the ICU on day 47 with serum creatinine levels of 1.3 mg/dl.
| [
"",
"A",
"68-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"congestive",
"heart",
"failure",
",",
"sleep",
"apnoea-hypopnoea",
"syndrome",
",",
"ischaemic",
"heart",
"disease",
"and",
"chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
"G3a",
"A3",
"according",
"to",
"KDIGO",
"2012",
"of",
"probable",
"diabetic",
"aetiology",
"with",
"baseline",
"serum",
"creatinine",
"levels",
"of",
"1",
".",
"3-1",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"a",
"recent",
"trip",
"to",
"a",
"SARS-CoV-2",
"risk",
"area",
"and",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"Hospital",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"with",
"a",
"24-hour",
"history",
"of",
"fever",
"and",
"associated",
"dry",
"cough",
".",
"A",
"nasopharyngeal",
"swab",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"tested",
"positive",
"for",
"SARS-CoV-2",
".",
"On",
"the",
"day",
"of",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"hospital",
"'",
"s",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"(",
"day",
"1",
")",
",",
"dyspnoea",
"on",
"moderate",
"exertion",
"was",
"added",
"to",
"the",
"symptoms",
",",
"so",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"admit",
"him",
"to",
"hospital",
"and",
"transfer",
"him",
"almost",
"immediately",
"to",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
"(",
"ICU",
")",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"torpid",
"evolution",
".",
"His",
"respiratory",
"symptoms",
"were",
"compatible",
"with",
"bilateral",
"pneumonia",
"complicated",
"by",
"acute",
"respiratory",
"distress",
"syndrome",
"and",
"multi-organ",
"failure",
":",
"hypotension",
"(",
"mean",
"arterial",
"pressure",
"60",
"mmHg",
")",
",",
"tachypnoea",
",",
"use",
"of",
"accessory",
"muscles",
"and",
"O2",
"saturation",
"of",
"89",
"%",
"despite",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"a",
"reservoir",
"mask",
"(",
"Fi",
"O299",
"%",
")",
".",
"He",
"required",
"mechanical",
"ventilation",
"and",
"inotropic",
"drugs",
"(",
"noradrenaline",
"and",
"dopamine",
")",
",",
"oliguria",
"(",
"10",
"ml",
"/",
"hour",
")",
"which",
"initially",
"responded",
"to",
"intravenous",
"diuretics",
",",
"and",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
",",
"deterioration",
"of",
"renal",
"function",
"up",
"to",
"serum",
"creatinine",
"of",
"3",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"so",
"that",
"on",
"day",
"4",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"continuous",
"venovenous",
"haemodiafiltration",
",",
"which",
"was",
"maintained",
"until",
"day",
"26",
".",
"He",
"received",
"treatment",
"with",
"hydroxychloroquine",
",",
"azithromycin",
",",
"lopinavir",
"/",
"ritonavir",
",",
"interferon",
"beta",
",",
"ceftriaxone",
",",
"levofloxacin",
",",
"methylpredinisolone",
"and",
"anticoagulation",
"with",
"heparin",
",",
"intermittently",
",",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"tendency",
"to",
"haemorrhage",
".",
"From",
"day",
"21",
"to",
"day",
"36",
"he",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"cloxacillin",
"and",
"cefepime",
",",
"successively",
",",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"methicillin-sensitive",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"in",
"the",
"bronchoaspirate",
"and",
"worsening",
"of",
"inflammation",
"parameters",
".",
"Given",
"that",
"he",
"presented",
"anasarca",
"and",
"persistent",
"serum",
"creatinine",
"levels",
"of",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"urea",
"162",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"intermittent",
"haemo-dialysis",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"a",
"Theranova",
"400",
"®",
"1",
".",
"7m2",
"filter",
"(",
"Baxter",
"International",
"Inc",
".",
",",
"Deerfield",
",",
"IL",
",",
"USA",
")",
"with",
"a",
"QB",
"of",
"270-300",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
"and",
"a",
"QD",
"500",
"ml",
"/",
"min",
",",
"requiring",
"only",
"two",
"sessions",
"(",
"day",
"36",
"and",
"38",
")",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"clinical",
"improvement",
",",
"he",
"was",
"discharged",
"from",
"the",
"ICU",
"on",
"day",
"47",
"with",
"serum",
"creatinine",
"levels",
"of",
"1",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 345,
"end": 355
},
{
"text": "SARS-CoV-2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 530,
"end": 540
},
{
"text": "man",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 18
}
] | en |
A 56-year-old man, with a personal history of alcoholic hepatitis, who in 1995 was admitted to the hospital to be studied for nephrotic syndrome, microhaematuria and renal insufficiency (creatinine 1.5 mg/dl). Physical examination revealed oedema, hepatomegaly and purpuric lesions on the lower limbs. The study showed positive serology for HCV, the rest of the serologies negative and positive cryoglobulins. A renal biopsy showed renal parenchyma with seven glomeruli with diffuse involvement, increased cellularity and lobular mesangial matrix, basement membranes with double-contour images, irregular thickening of the capillary walls and interstitial fibrosis. Direct immunofluorescence showed glomerular parietal granular C3 deposits and electron microscopy showed subendothelial deposits, swollen endothelia and mesangial enlargement. The patient was diagnosed with HCV-associated MPGN with positive cryoglobulins.
The patient was referred to the gastrointestinal clinic for joint evaluation of HCV treatment. A liver biopsy was performed which revealed liver cirrhosis (P-3, L-2, F-3). With these results, treatment with interferon alpha was started, initially without achieving a sustained viral response, and subsequently in its pegylated form for 48 weeks, achieving a negative viral load. Four months after the end of treatment, he presented an episode of acute pericarditis with HCV in the pericardial fluid coinciding with a new increase in viral load. The patient had had poor clinical tolerance to both previous treatments and it was decided not to start new therapies. Other complications included inflammatory arthritis of large joints.
From the renal point of view, antiproteinuric treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade was started, despite which the patient developed progressive renal failure and finally started haemodialysis in 2007. In November 2009, he received his first deceased donor kidney transplant due to spontaneous cerebral haemorrhage. The donor had HLA typing: DR1, DRX, B14, B35, A11, A30 and a history of enolism, with creatinine at the time of extraction of 1 mg/dl and negative proteinuria. Immunosuppression with corticosteroids, mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus was performed. Renal evolution was excellent and renal function was immediate. Thirteen months after transplantation, the patient developed non-nephrotic proteinuria and microhaematuria with haematic casts, but maintained normal renal function. An autoimmunity study, donor-specific antibodies, as well as antigenemia for cytomegalovirus and serum PCR (polymerase enzyme chain reaction) for BK virus were negative, and renal Doppler ultrasound was normal. Given the suspicion of recurrence of the underlying disease, it was decided to perform a renal biopsy. Light microscopy showed renal parenchyma with ten glomeruli with marked mesangial enlargement, mild fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Immunofluorescence showed granular mesangial deposits of IgA and C3, and electron microscopy showed mesangial enlargement of cells and matrix with abundant homogeneous electrodense deposits. Immunohistochemistry for C4d was negative. A diagnosis of de novo IgA mesangial GN in the graft was made, and the dose of corticosteroids and mycophenolic acid was increased without clinical-biochemical improvement. After starting antiproteinuric treatment, with blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by means of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARA II) and the subsequent association of spironolactone, proteinuria became negative, although with a slight deterioration of renal function, currently stabilised.
| [
"A",
"56-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"alcoholic",
"hepatitis",
",",
"who",
"in",
"1995",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"hospital",
"to",
"be",
"studied",
"for",
"nephrotic",
"syndrome",
",",
"microhaematuria",
"and",
"renal",
"insufficiency",
"(",
"creatinine",
"1",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
")",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"oedema",
",",
"hepatomegaly",
"and",
"purpuric",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"The",
"study",
"showed",
"positive",
"serology",
"for",
"HCV",
",",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"serologies",
"negative",
"and",
"positive",
"cryoglobulins",
".",
"A",
"renal",
"biopsy",
"showed",
"renal",
"parenchyma",
"with",
"seven",
"glomeruli",
"with",
"diffuse",
"involvement",
",",
"increased",
"cellularity",
"and",
"lobular",
"mesangial",
"matrix",
",",
"basement",
"membranes",
"with",
"double-contour",
"images",
",",
"irregular",
"thickening",
"of",
"the",
"capillary",
"walls",
"and",
"interstitial",
"fibrosis",
".",
"Direct",
"immunofluorescence",
"showed",
"glomerular",
"parietal",
"granular",
"C3",
"deposits",
"and",
"electron",
"microscopy",
"showed",
"subendothelial",
"deposits",
",",
"swollen",
"endothelia",
"and",
"mesangial",
"enlargement",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"HCV-associated",
"MPGN",
"with",
"positive",
"cryoglobulins",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"gastrointestinal",
"clinic",
"for",
"joint",
"evaluation",
"of",
"HCV",
"treatment",
".",
"A",
"liver",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
"which",
"revealed",
"liver",
"cirrhosis",
"(",
"P-3",
",",
"L-2",
",",
"F-3",
")",
".",
"With",
"these",
"results",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"interferon",
"alpha",
"was",
"started",
",",
"initially",
"without",
"achieving",
"a",
"sustained",
"viral",
"response",
",",
"and",
"subsequently",
"in",
"its",
"pegylated",
"form",
"for",
"48",
"weeks",
",",
"achieving",
"a",
"negative",
"viral",
"load",
".",
"Four",
"months",
"after",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"acute",
"pericarditis",
"with",
"HCV",
"in",
"the",
"pericardial",
"fluid",
"coinciding",
"with",
"a",
"new",
"increase",
"in",
"viral",
"load",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"had",
"poor",
"clinical",
"tolerance",
"to",
"both",
"previous",
"treatments",
"and",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"not",
"to",
"start",
"new",
"therapies",
".",
"Other",
"complications",
"included",
"inflammatory",
"arthritis",
"of",
"large",
"joints",
".",
"From",
"the",
"renal",
"point",
"of",
"view",
",",
"antiproteinuric",
"treatment",
"with",
"renin-angiotensin-aldosterone",
"system",
"blockade",
"was",
"started",
",",
"despite",
"which",
"the",
"patient",
"developed",
"progressive",
"renal",
"failure",
"and",
"finally",
"started",
"haemodialysis",
"in",
"2007",
".",
"In",
"November",
"2009",
",",
"he",
"received",
"his",
"first",
"deceased",
"donor",
"kidney",
"transplant",
"due",
"to",
"spontaneous",
"cerebral",
"haemorrhage",
".",
"The",
"donor",
"had",
"HLA",
"typing",
":",
"DR1",
",",
"DRX",
",",
"B14",
",",
"B35",
",",
"A11",
",",
"A30",
"and",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"enolism",
",",
"with",
"creatinine",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"extraction",
"of",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"negative",
"proteinuria",
".",
"Immunosuppression",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
",",
"mycophenolic",
"acid",
"and",
"tacrolimus",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"Renal",
"evolution",
"was",
"excellent",
"and",
"renal",
"function",
"was",
"immediate",
".",
"Thirteen",
"months",
"after",
"transplantation",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"developed",
"non-nephrotic",
"proteinuria",
"and",
"microhaematuria",
"with",
"haematic",
"casts",
",",
"but",
"maintained",
"normal",
"renal",
"function",
".",
"An",
"autoimmunity",
"study",
",",
"donor-specific",
"antibodies",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"antigenemia",
"for",
"cytomegalovirus",
"and",
"serum",
"PCR",
"(",
"polymerase",
"enzyme",
"chain",
"reaction",
")",
"for",
"BK",
"virus",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"renal",
"Doppler",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"suspicion",
"of",
"recurrence",
"of",
"the",
"underlying",
"disease",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"renal",
"biopsy",
".",
"Light",
"microscopy",
"showed",
"renal",
"parenchyma",
"with",
"ten",
"glomeruli",
"with",
"marked",
"mesangial",
"enlargement",
",",
"mild",
"fibrosis",
"and",
"tubular",
"atrophy",
".",
"Immunofluorescence",
"showed",
"granular",
"mesangial",
"deposits",
"of",
"IgA",
"and",
"C3",
",",
"and",
"electron",
"microscopy",
"showed",
"mesangial",
"enlargement",
"of",
"cells",
"and",
"matrix",
"with",
"abundant",
"homogeneous",
"electrodense",
"deposits",
".",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"for",
"C4d",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"A",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"de",
"novo",
"IgA",
"mesangial",
"GN",
"in",
"the",
"graft",
"was",
"made",
",",
"and",
"the",
"dose",
"of",
"corticosteroids",
"and",
"mycophenolic",
"acid",
"was",
"increased",
"without",
"clinical-biochemical",
"improvement",
".",
"After",
"starting",
"antiproteinuric",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"blockade",
"of",
"the",
"renin-angiotensin-aldosterone",
"system",
"by",
"means",
"of",
"an",
"angiotensin",
"II",
"receptor",
"antagonist",
"(",
"ARA",
"II",
")",
"and",
"the",
"subsequent",
"association",
"of",
"spironolactone",
",",
"proteinuria",
"became",
"negative",
",",
"although",
"with",
"a",
"slight",
"deterioration",
"of",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"currently",
"stabilised",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 341,
"end": 344
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 873,
"end": 876
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 846,
"end": 853
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 26,
"end": 34
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1003,
"end": 1006
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1393,
"end": 1396
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1200,
"end": 1205
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1290,
"end": 1295
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1456,
"end": 1461
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 927,
"end": 934
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1472,
"end": 1479
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2550,
"end": 2565
},
{
"text": "BK virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2619,
"end": 2627
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1794,
"end": 1801
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2350,
"end": 2357
},
{
"text": "donor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1930,
"end": 1935
},
{
"text": "donor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1999,
"end": 2004
},
{
"text": "donor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2496,
"end": 2501
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
This is a 74-year-old male patient with a personal history of diabetes mellitus, ischaemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery, bilateral carotid occlusion, chronic cerebrovascular disease, Binswanger's encephalopathy. Dependent for all activities of daily living, double incontinent, permanent bladder catheter.
He presented to the Emergency Department for fever up to 38.5oC and urethrorrhagia after routine bladder catheter replacement.
Physical examination
Blood pressure 80/40 mmHg. Temperature 38.3oC. Superficial tachypnoea. Scrotal region oedematous and painful with crepitus on palpation. Ecchymosis of the penis with cyanotic glans penis and signs of ischaemia. The rest of the examination was of no interest.
Complementary tests
- Laboratory tests: creatinine 0.47 mg/dl, urea 52 mg/dl, sodium 143 mEq/l, potassium 2.8 mEq/l, haemoglobin 9.3 g/dl, haematocrit 27.9%, platelets 46,000 μl, leukocytes 3,610 μl (neutrophils 89.3%), INR 1. Cephalin time 32.2 s, prothrombin time 11.60 s, derived fibrinogen > 740 mg/dl.
- Abdominal-pelvic CT scan: enlarged prostate with small collections inside. Perineal collection with abundant gas in its interior measuring 25 x 56 mm and continuing along the urethral tract. The gaseous component dissects the subcutaneous cellular tissue planes of the penis. Bubbles in the course of the femoral and external iliac veins, findings compatible with Fournier's gangrene.
- Cultures (blood cultures, urine cultures, exudate culture): Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Diagnosis
Definitive histopathology indicates necrotising fasciitis with extensive ischaemic-haemorrhagic phenomena involving the bulbar urethra, prepuce, corpus spongiosum, penile urethra, glans penis and distal ends of the corpora cavernosa. Fournier's gangrene secondary to urological manipulation with bladder catheterisation.
Treatment
After degloving of the penis, massive necrosis of the urethra and corpus spongiosum is observed, with periurethral purulent collection at bulbar level. Surgical debridement and subtotal urethrectomy is performed up to the level of the urethral bulb, with partial associated section of the corpora cavernosa, leaving a penile stump of about 3 cm. Finally, a catheterised perineal urethrostomy was performed with a Foley 20 Ch bladder catheter. In agreement with the Infectious Diseases Service, initial intravenous treatment was performed with imipenem and metronidazole, which was adjusted after the antibiogram results, being changed to imipenem and amikacin.
Evolution
After surgery, the patient remained haemodynamically stable in the ICU for the first 48 hours, after which he was extubated and transferred to conventional hospitalisation, where he evolved favourably with local wound dressings that did not require a new surgical revision. He was discharged 15 days later.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"This",
"is",
"a",
"74-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"ischaemic",
"stroke",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"cerebral",
"artery",
",",
"bilateral",
"carotid",
"occlusion",
",",
"chronic",
"cerebrovascular",
"disease",
",",
"Binswanger",
"'",
"s",
"encephalopathy",
".",
"Dependent",
"for",
"all",
"activities",
"of",
"daily",
"living",
",",
"double",
"incontinent",
",",
"permanent",
"bladder",
"catheter",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"for",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"38",
".",
"5oC",
"and",
"urethrorrhagia",
"after",
"routine",
"bladder",
"catheter",
"replacement",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"80",
"/",
"40",
"mmHg",
".",
"Temperature",
"38",
".",
"3oC",
".",
"Superficial",
"tachypnoea",
".",
"Scrotal",
"region",
"oedematous",
"and",
"painful",
"with",
"crepitus",
"on",
"palpation",
".",
"Ecchymosis",
"of",
"the",
"penis",
"with",
"cyanotic",
"glans",
"penis",
"and",
"signs",
"of",
"ischaemia",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"was",
"of",
"no",
"interest",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
":",
"creatinine",
"0",
".",
"47",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"urea",
"52",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"sodium",
"143",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"potassium",
"2",
".",
"8",
"mEq",
"/",
"l",
",",
"haemoglobin",
"9",
".",
"3",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"haematocrit",
"27",
".",
"9",
"%",
",",
"platelets",
"46",
",",
"000",
"μl",
",",
"leukocytes",
"3",
",",
"610",
"μl",
"(",
"neutrophils",
"89",
".",
"3",
"%",
")",
",",
"INR",
"1",
".",
"Cephalin",
"time",
"32",
".",
"2",
"s",
",",
"prothrombin",
"time",
"11",
".",
"60",
"s",
",",
"derived",
"fibrinogen",
">",
"740",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"-",
"Abdominal-pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"enlarged",
"prostate",
"with",
"small",
"collections",
"inside",
".",
"Perineal",
"collection",
"with",
"abundant",
"gas",
"in",
"its",
"interior",
"measuring",
"25",
"x",
"56",
"mm",
"and",
"continuing",
"along",
"the",
"urethral",
"tract",
".",
"The",
"gaseous",
"component",
"dissects",
"the",
"subcutaneous",
"cellular",
"tissue",
"planes",
"of",
"the",
"penis",
".",
"Bubbles",
"in",
"the",
"course",
"of",
"the",
"femoral",
"and",
"external",
"iliac",
"veins",
",",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"Fournier",
"'",
"s",
"gangrene",
".",
"-",
"Cultures",
"(",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"urine",
"cultures",
",",
"exudate",
"culture",
")",
":",
"Klebsiella",
"pneumoniae",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Definitive",
"histopathology",
"indicates",
"necrotising",
"fasciitis",
"with",
"extensive",
"ischaemic-haemorrhagic",
"phenomena",
"involving",
"the",
"bulbar",
"urethra",
",",
"prepuce",
",",
"corpus",
"spongiosum",
",",
"penile",
"urethra",
",",
"glans",
"penis",
"and",
"distal",
"ends",
"of",
"the",
"corpora",
"cavernosa",
".",
"Fournier",
"'",
"s",
"gangrene",
"secondary",
"to",
"urological",
"manipulation",
"with",
"bladder",
"catheterisation",
".",
"Treatment",
"After",
"degloving",
"of",
"the",
"penis",
",",
"massive",
"necrosis",
"of",
"the",
"urethra",
"and",
"corpus",
"spongiosum",
"is",
"observed",
",",
"with",
"periurethral",
"purulent",
"collection",
"at",
"bulbar",
"level",
".",
"Surgical",
"debridement",
"and",
"subtotal",
"urethrectomy",
"is",
"performed",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"urethral",
"bulb",
",",
"with",
"partial",
"associated",
"section",
"of",
"the",
"corpora",
"cavernosa",
",",
"leaving",
"a",
"penile",
"stump",
"of",
"about",
"3",
"cm",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"a",
"catheterised",
"perineal",
"urethrostomy",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"a",
"Foley",
"20",
"Ch",
"bladder",
"catheter",
".",
"In",
"agreement",
"with",
"the",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Service",
",",
"initial",
"intravenous",
"treatment",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"imipenem",
"and",
"metronidazole",
",",
"which",
"was",
"adjusted",
"after",
"the",
"antibiogram",
"results",
",",
"being",
"changed",
"to",
"imipenem",
"and",
"amikacin",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"surgery",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"haemodynamically",
"stable",
"in",
"the",
"ICU",
"for",
"the",
"first",
"48",
"hours",
",",
"after",
"which",
"he",
"was",
"extubated",
"and",
"transferred",
"to",
"conventional",
"hospitalisation",
",",
"where",
"he",
"evolved",
"favourably",
"with",
"local",
"wound",
"dressings",
"that",
"did",
"not",
"require",
"a",
"new",
"surgical",
"revision",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"15",
"days",
"later",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 37,
"end": 44
},
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 32,
"end": 44
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 52,
"end": 60
},
{
"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1489,
"end": 1510
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2546,
"end": 2553
}
] | en |
This is a 62-year-old man with a history of smoking (20 cigarettes/day) with criteria of chronic bronchitis, ethylism that had required treatment for addiction, hypertension and anxious-depressive syndrome. In 1979 he suffered brucellar endocarditis associated with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, which required placement of a mechanical aortic prosthesis, with secondary chronic kidney disease (stage 3B at present). He was being treated with flurazepam, alprazolam, trazodone, warfarin, enalapril (5mg every 24 hours) and atenolol (50mg every 24 hours).
Consultation in January 2017 due to an episode of loss of consciousness without prodrome, while seated, and fall to the floor, with rapid recovery ad integrum in a few minutes. He had been treated with amoxicillin for the last 5 days for febrile symptoms, with polyarthralgias and a poorly productive cough. The patient was afebrile and in good general condition. BP 112/60 mm Hg, heart rhythmic at 70 bpm, with metallic click and aortic systolic murmur III/VI respecting the second sound. Normal respiratory auscultation. No peripheral oedema or signs of venous thrombosis. Abdomen without findings. No skin lesions. Initial complementary tests showed ECG in sinus rhythm at 75 bpm, normal PR, narrow QRS, without repolarisation alterations. Chest X-ray with cardiac silhouette in the upper limits of normality and lung parenchyma with no significant findings. Cranial CT scan showing the existence of a small focus of left parietal subarachnoid haemorrhage, chronic ischaemic lacunar lesion in the right caudate head and probable right parietal subcortical cortico-subcortical subacute ischaemic lesion. Initial laboratory tests showed: normal Hb, leukocytes and platelets, with elevated MCV (100.4 fL) and slight neutrophilia (78%); INR 4.10. Urea 78 mg/dL, and creatinine 2 mg/dL. During his stay in the ED, the syncopal symptoms recurred, with ECG findings of 1st degree AVB (PR 360 ms) and intermittent paroxysmal paroxysmal LBBB. Subsequently, serial ECGs showed progression to complete AVB with ventricular escape at 20 bpm. The patient developed clinical symptoms of left ventricular failure (LVF) and was admitted to the ICU where a transient and later permanent pacemaker was placed.
The transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed: a left ventricle of normal dimensions with mild LVH and good global systolic function, without evidence of significant regional alterations in contractility; slightly dilated left atrium; mitral valve with signs of degeneration with normal leaflets and opening and mild paraseptal mitral regurgitation; stable monodisc metallic prosthesis in aortic position with normal disc opening movements and washout jets. After clinical stabilisation, after 48 hours he was admitted to the cardiology ward, where fever (37.5-38°C), polyarthralgia and marked weakness persisted after three days of empirical treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The white blood cell count rose to 17,000/mm3 with 81% PMN. Other laboratory findings were: GOT 82 U/L, GPT 64 U/L, GGT 696 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 262 U/L, bilirubin 1.3 mg/dL, LDH 575 U/L, CRP 229 mg/L, ferritin 1378 ng/mL, ESR 140 mm/h and urine with positive haematuria and proteinuria. Antibiotic therapy was suspended, the dose of sedative drugs was reduced and prednisone 30 mg per day was prescribed, due to the suspicion of autoimmune symptoms. That same day Microbiology reported that staphylococci were growing in a batch of two blood cultures. In view of this finding, prednisone was maintained, a new batch of two blood cultures was obtained and treatment was started with daptomycin 850 mg every 24 hours, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was requested. Coinciding with the first dose of prednisone, the patient became afebrile, with improvement in arthralgias and general condition. On subsequent days, and occasionally, he began to present episodes of intermittent chest discomfort of short duration with normal ECG. After two days of treatment with daptomycin, this was discontinued as the second round of blood cultures was negative, and the first round of blood cultures had grown methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC to vancomycin <1mg/L), which was interpreted as contamination. The planned TEE was suspended and treatment with prednisone was maintained without recurrence of fever. Given the improvement in the febrile curve, polyarthralgias, general condition and laboratory tests (decrease in CRP to 94 mg/L, decrease in leukocytes to 12,000/mm3), the patient was discharged 4 days after the disappearance of fever, with prednisone 30 mg every 24 hours, with an appointment at the outpatient Infectious Diseases department for repeat blood cultures 10 days after discontinuation of antibiotherapy.
Eight days after discharge, the patient was admitted again for chest pain and was diagnosed with high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) associated with LVEF and hypotension, and was admitted to the ICU. Coronary angiography was performed in the first 24 hours, revealing severe stenosis of the left ostial coronary artery (LMCA), which was revascularised with direct drug-eluting stent implantation, finding no other lesions at other coronary levels, with clinical improvement of the patient.
Catheterisation: Sharpening of the ostium of the left coronary trunk was observed, with severe lesions at this level. The rest of the coronary arteries were healthy, with smooth walls and no lesions.
During this admission the febrile peaks recurred, and S. epidermidis was again isolated in blood with the same antibiogram as in the previous admission.
Differential diagnosis
AV conduction block is a disorder in which atrial impulses are conducted with delay or are not conducted to the ventricles at a time when the AV conduction pathway is not in a physiological refractory period. It may be congenital or acquired, and in the latter case there may be intrinsic or extrinsic causes for its development. Intrinsic factors include the use of negative chronotropic drugs, hydroelectrolyte disturbances, hypothyroidism, sleep apnoea (hypoxaemia) and increased vagal tone. Intrinsic causes include idiopathic degenerative fibrosis, followed by myocardial ischaemia, inflammatory-infectious or infiltrative diseases affecting conduction tissue, as well as some neuromuscular diseases (muscular dystrophy, Kearns-Sayre syndrome), systemic diseases (e.g, cardiac sarcoidosis, amyloidosis), neoplastic disorders (primary cardiac lymphoma or after radiotherapy) or after surgery or percutaneous ablation of accessory septal pathways or an AV pathway for AV nodal reentrant tachycardia.
In our case we could consider the following as the most plausible diagnostic options, in the light of the test results:
1. primary (degenerative) conduction disorders complicated with late prosthetic endocarditis secondary to S. epidermidis bacteraemia during pacemaker implantation.
Secondary conduction disorder: possible initial occult prosthetic endocarditis with involvement of conduction tissue at the level of the interaortic fibrous trigone-AV valves and further progression.
Much less likely would be high-grade block secondary to the beta-blocker the patient was taking, given that the doses were low and the block occurred progressively, with no symptoms prior to the first admission to suggest conduction disturbances.
With regard to the aetiology of NSTEACS, we would consider:
1-Atherosclerotic ACS (less likely, given the characteristics of the rest of the coronary arteries, being completely healthy and without angiographic lesions).
2-AACS due to extrinsic compression.
3-AACS secondary to inflammation of the coronary wall.
Evolution
TTE and TEE were performed, which revealed aortic periprosthetic abscess at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva (non-coronary sinus and right sinus) partially occupied by mobile echogenic material, with partial dehiscence of the prosthetic ring, generating eccentric aortic perivalvular insufficiency difficult to quantify but which appears moderate-high (III/IV).
Transthoracic echocardiography, apical 5-chamber view. Pseudoaneurysm at the level of the membranous septum showing acquired Gerbode-type defect with fistula from the left ventricle (LV) to the right atrium (RA).
Transesophageal echocardiogram at 140o (images on the left) and over the aortic annulus plane. In the short axis of the aortic root, an aortic prosthesis with abscess is seen at the level of the posterior hemicircumference, dilatation of the posterior sinus of Valsalva that fistulises on the right side to the right atrium and dehiscence of the prosthesis at the level of the posterior annulus. The left coronary trunk is seen in continuity with the periprosthetic abscess.
There was also fistulisation from the abscess to both right chambers, as well as a hypermobile image adhering to the prosthesis disc of 2 mm compatible with vegetation. No vegetations were observed on the remaining heart valves or pacemaker leads. The function of both ventricles was preserved.
Combined treatment with cloxacillin 2 g/4h and daptomycin 650 mg/24h iv was started, leaving afebrile and negative blood cultures on the third day of treatment. Transfer to the reference hospital was requested for surgery, but the patient was refused, so transfer to another centre was requested, which took place 9 days after diagnosis of TEE endocarditis. At the time of transfer, valve insufficiency had worsened due to TTE and dehiscence of 50% of the prosthesis circumference was observed. The patient was in NYHA grade III heart failure, requiring 120 mg of furosemide per day. At the hospital, antibiotic therapy was replaced by cefazolin and surgery was performed 23 days after diagnosis, with aortic valve replacement with a new mechanical valve and placement of a pericardial patch to close the area of abscess fistulised in the right atrium.
The postoperative period was complicated by renal failure requiring haemodialysis, left ventricular failure and septic symptoms of unclear origin (with no response to a change in antibiotic therapy to piperacillin-tazobactam plus daptomycin), and the patient died of multi-organ failure 12 days after surgery.
Final diagnosis
Late prosthetic infective endocarditis on mechanical aortic prosthesis due to methicillin-sensitive S. epidermidis, complicated with periannular abscess at aortic root level and aortoatrial fistula, severe perivalvular aortic insufficiency and secondary heart failure.
High degree AV block and NSTEACS in probable relation to extrinsic compression by periprosthetic abscess.
| [
"This",
"is",
"a",
"62-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"smoking",
"(",
"20",
"cigarettes",
"/",
"day",
")",
"with",
"criteria",
"of",
"chronic",
"bronchitis",
",",
"ethylism",
"that",
"had",
"required",
"treatment",
"for",
"addiction",
",",
"hypertension",
"and",
"anxious-depressive",
"syndrome",
".",
"In",
"1979",
"he",
"suffered",
"brucellar",
"endocarditis",
"associated",
"with",
"mesangiocapillary",
"glomerulonephritis",
",",
"which",
"required",
"placement",
"of",
"a",
"mechanical",
"aortic",
"prosthesis",
",",
"with",
"secondary",
"chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
"(",
"stage",
"3B",
"at",
"present",
")",
".",
"He",
"was",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"flurazepam",
",",
"alprazolam",
",",
"trazodone",
",",
"warfarin",
",",
"enalapril",
"(",
"5mg",
"every",
"24",
"hours",
")",
"and",
"atenolol",
"(",
"50mg",
"every",
"24",
"hours",
")",
".",
"Consultation",
"in",
"January",
"2017",
"due",
"to",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"loss",
"of",
"consciousness",
"without",
"prodrome",
",",
"while",
"seated",
",",
"and",
"fall",
"to",
"the",
"floor",
",",
"with",
"rapid",
"recovery",
"ad",
"integrum",
"in",
"a",
"few",
"minutes",
".",
"He",
"had",
"been",
"treated",
"with",
"amoxicillin",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"5",
"days",
"for",
"febrile",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"polyarthralgias",
"and",
"a",
"poorly",
"productive",
"cough",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"afebrile",
"and",
"in",
"good",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"BP",
"112",
"/",
"60",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"heart",
"rhythmic",
"at",
"70",
"bpm",
",",
"with",
"metallic",
"click",
"and",
"aortic",
"systolic",
"murmur",
"III",
"/",
"VI",
"respecting",
"the",
"second",
"sound",
".",
"Normal",
"respiratory",
"auscultation",
".",
"No",
"peripheral",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"venous",
"thrombosis",
".",
"Abdomen",
"without",
"findings",
".",
"No",
"skin",
"lesions",
".",
"Initial",
"complementary",
"tests",
"showed",
"ECG",
"in",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
"at",
"75",
"bpm",
",",
"normal",
"PR",
",",
"narrow",
"QRS",
",",
"without",
"repolarisation",
"alterations",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"with",
"cardiac",
"silhouette",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"limits",
"of",
"normality",
"and",
"lung",
"parenchyma",
"with",
"no",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"Cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"showing",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"a",
"small",
"focus",
"of",
"left",
"parietal",
"subarachnoid",
"haemorrhage",
",",
"chronic",
"ischaemic",
"lacunar",
"lesion",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"caudate",
"head",
"and",
"probable",
"right",
"parietal",
"subcortical",
"cortico-subcortical",
"subacute",
"ischaemic",
"lesion",
".",
"Initial",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
":",
"normal",
"Hb",
",",
"leukocytes",
"and",
"platelets",
",",
"with",
"elevated",
"MCV",
"(",
"100",
".",
"4",
"fL",
")",
"and",
"slight",
"neutrophilia",
"(",
"78",
"%",
")",
";",
"INR",
"4",
".",
"10",
".",
"Urea",
"78",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"and",
"creatinine",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"During",
"his",
"stay",
"in",
"the",
"ED",
",",
"the",
"syncopal",
"symptoms",
"recurred",
",",
"with",
"ECG",
"findings",
"of",
"1st",
"degree",
"AVB",
"(",
"PR",
"360",
"ms",
")",
"and",
"intermittent",
"paroxysmal",
"paroxysmal",
"LBBB",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"serial",
"ECGs",
"showed",
"progression",
"to",
"complete",
"AVB",
"with",
"ventricular",
"escape",
"at",
"20",
"bpm",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"developed",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
"of",
"left",
"ventricular",
"failure",
"(",
"LVF",
")",
"and",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"where",
"a",
"transient",
"and",
"later",
"permanent",
"pacemaker",
"was",
"placed",
".",
"The",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"(",
"TTE",
")",
"showed",
":",
"a",
"left",
"ventricle",
"of",
"normal",
"dimensions",
"with",
"mild",
"LVH",
"and",
"good",
"global",
"systolic",
"function",
",",
"without",
"evidence",
"of",
"significant",
"regional",
"alterations",
"in",
"contractility",
";",
"slightly",
"dilated",
"left",
"atrium",
";",
"mitral",
"valve",
"with",
"signs",
"of",
"degeneration",
"with",
"normal",
"leaflets",
"and",
"opening",
"and",
"mild",
"paraseptal",
"mitral",
"regurgitation",
";",
"stable",
"monodisc",
"metallic",
"prosthesis",
"in",
"aortic",
"position",
"with",
"normal",
"disc",
"opening",
"movements",
"and",
"washout",
"jets",
".",
"After",
"clinical",
"stabilisation",
",",
"after",
"48",
"hours",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"cardiology",
"ward",
",",
"where",
"fever",
"(",
"37",
".",
"5-38",
"°",
"C",
")",
",",
"polyarthralgia",
"and",
"marked",
"weakness",
"persisted",
"after",
"three",
"days",
"of",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"with",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
".",
"The",
"white",
"blood",
"cell",
"count",
"rose",
"to",
"17",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
"with",
"81",
"%",
"PMN",
".",
"Other",
"laboratory",
"findings",
"were",
":",
"GOT",
"82",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GPT",
"64",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"GGT",
"696",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"alkaline",
"phosphatase",
"262",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"bilirubin",
"1",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
",",
"LDH",
"575",
"U",
"/",
"L",
",",
"CRP",
"229",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"ferritin",
"1378",
"ng",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"ESR",
"140",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
"and",
"urine",
"with",
"positive",
"haematuria",
"and",
"proteinuria",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"suspended",
",",
"the",
"dose",
"of",
"sedative",
"drugs",
"was",
"reduced",
"and",
"prednisone",
"30",
"mg",
"per",
"day",
"was",
"prescribed",
",",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"suspicion",
"of",
"autoimmune",
"symptoms",
".",
"That",
"same",
"day",
"Microbiology",
"reported",
"that",
"staphylococci",
"were",
"growing",
"in",
"a",
"batch",
"of",
"two",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"this",
"finding",
",",
"prednisone",
"was",
"maintained",
",",
"a",
"new",
"batch",
"of",
"two",
"blood",
"cultures",
"was",
"obtained",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"daptomycin",
"850",
"mg",
"every",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"and",
"transesophageal",
"echocardiography",
"(",
"TEE",
")",
"was",
"requested",
".",
"Coinciding",
"with",
"the",
"first",
"dose",
"of",
"prednisone",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"became",
"afebrile",
",",
"with",
"improvement",
"in",
"arthralgias",
"and",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"On",
"subsequent",
"days",
",",
"and",
"occasionally",
",",
"he",
"began",
"to",
"present",
"episodes",
"of",
"intermittent",
"chest",
"discomfort",
"of",
"short",
"duration",
"with",
"normal",
"ECG",
".",
"After",
"two",
"days",
"of",
"treatment",
"with",
"daptomycin",
",",
"this",
"was",
"discontinued",
"as",
"the",
"second",
"round",
"of",
"blood",
"cultures",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"the",
"first",
"round",
"of",
"blood",
"cultures",
"had",
"grown",
"methicillin-sensitive",
"Staphylococcus",
"epidermidis",
"(",
"MIC",
"to",
"vancomycin",
"<",
"1mg",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"which",
"was",
"interpreted",
"as",
"contamination",
".",
"The",
"planned",
"TEE",
"was",
"suspended",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"prednisone",
"was",
"maintained",
"without",
"recurrence",
"of",
"fever",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"improvement",
"in",
"the",
"febrile",
"curve",
",",
"polyarthralgias",
",",
"general",
"condition",
"and",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"(",
"decrease",
"in",
"CRP",
"to",
"94",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"decrease",
"in",
"leukocytes",
"to",
"12",
",",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"4",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"disappearance",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"with",
"prednisone",
"30",
"mg",
"every",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"with",
"an",
"appointment",
"at",
"the",
"outpatient",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"department",
"for",
"repeat",
"blood",
"cultures",
"10",
"days",
"after",
"discontinuation",
"of",
"antibiotherapy",
".",
"Eight",
"days",
"after",
"discharge",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"again",
"for",
"chest",
"pain",
"and",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"high-risk",
"non-ST-elevation",
"acute",
"coronary",
"syndrome",
"(",
"NSTEACS",
")",
"associated",
"with",
"LVEF",
"and",
"hypotension",
",",
"and",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
".",
"Coronary",
"angiography",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"revealing",
"severe",
"stenosis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"ostial",
"coronary",
"artery",
"(",
"LMCA",
")",
",",
"which",
"was",
"revascularised",
"with",
"direct",
"drug-eluting",
"stent",
"implantation",
",",
"finding",
"no",
"other",
"lesions",
"at",
"other",
"coronary",
"levels",
",",
"with",
"clinical",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
".",
"Catheterisation",
":",
"Sharpening",
"of",
"the",
"ostium",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"coronary",
"trunk",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"with",
"severe",
"lesions",
"at",
"this",
"level",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"coronary",
"arteries",
"were",
"healthy",
",",
"with",
"smooth",
"walls",
"and",
"no",
"lesions",
".",
"During",
"this",
"admission",
"the",
"febrile",
"peaks",
"recurred",
",",
"and",
"S",
".",
"epidermidis",
"was",
"again",
"isolated",
"in",
"blood",
"with",
"the",
"same",
"antibiogram",
"as",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"admission",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"AV",
"conduction",
"block",
"is",
"a",
"disorder",
"in",
"which",
"atrial",
"impulses",
"are",
"conducted",
"with",
"delay",
"or",
"are",
"not",
"conducted",
"to",
"the",
"ventricles",
"at",
"a",
"time",
"when",
"the",
"AV",
"conduction",
"pathway",
"is",
"not",
"in",
"a",
"physiological",
"refractory",
"period",
".",
"It",
"may",
"be",
"congenital",
"or",
"acquired",
",",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"latter",
"case",
"there",
"may",
"be",
"intrinsic",
"or",
"extrinsic",
"causes",
"for",
"its",
"development",
".",
"Intrinsic",
"factors",
"include",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"negative",
"chronotropic",
"drugs",
",",
"hydroelectrolyte",
"disturbances",
",",
"hypothyroidism",
",",
"sleep",
"apnoea",
"(",
"hypoxaemia",
")",
"and",
"increased",
"vagal",
"tone",
".",
"Intrinsic",
"causes",
"include",
"idiopathic",
"degenerative",
"fibrosis",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"myocardial",
"ischaemia",
",",
"inflammatory-infectious",
"or",
"infiltrative",
"diseases",
"affecting",
"conduction",
"tissue",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"some",
"neuromuscular",
"diseases",
"(",
"muscular",
"dystrophy",
",",
"Kearns-Sayre",
"syndrome",
")",
",",
"systemic",
"diseases",
"(",
"e",
".",
"g",
",",
"cardiac",
"sarcoidosis",
",",
"amyloidosis",
")",
",",
"neoplastic",
"disorders",
"(",
"primary",
"cardiac",
"lymphoma",
"or",
"after",
"radiotherapy",
")",
"or",
"after",
"surgery",
"or",
"percutaneous",
"ablation",
"of",
"accessory",
"septal",
"pathways",
"or",
"an",
"AV",
"pathway",
"for",
"AV",
"nodal",
"reentrant",
"tachycardia",
".",
"In",
"our",
"case",
"we",
"could",
"consider",
"the",
"following",
"as",
"the",
"most",
"plausible",
"diagnostic",
"options",
",",
"in",
"the",
"light",
"of",
"the",
"test",
"results",
":",
"1",
".",
"primary",
"(",
"degenerative",
")",
"conduction",
"disorders",
"complicated",
"with",
"late",
"prosthetic",
"endocarditis",
"secondary",
"to",
"S",
".",
"epidermidis",
"bacteraemia",
"during",
"pacemaker",
"implantation",
".",
"Secondary",
"conduction",
"disorder",
":",
"possible",
"initial",
"occult",
"prosthetic",
"endocarditis",
"with",
"involvement",
"of",
"conduction",
"tissue",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"interaortic",
"fibrous",
"trigone-AV",
"valves",
"and",
"further",
"progression",
".",
"Much",
"less",
"likely",
"would",
"be",
"high-grade",
"block",
"secondary",
"to",
"the",
"beta-blocker",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"taking",
",",
"given",
"that",
"the",
"doses",
"were",
"low",
"and",
"the",
"block",
"occurred",
"progressively",
",",
"with",
"no",
"symptoms",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"first",
"admission",
"to",
"suggest",
"conduction",
"disturbances",
".",
"With",
"regard",
"to",
"the",
"aetiology",
"of",
"NSTEACS",
",",
"we",
"would",
"consider",
":",
"1-Atherosclerotic",
"ACS",
"(",
"less",
"likely",
",",
"given",
"the",
"characteristics",
"of",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"coronary",
"arteries",
",",
"being",
"completely",
"healthy",
"and",
"without",
"angiographic",
"lesions",
")",
".",
"2-AACS",
"due",
"to",
"extrinsic",
"compression",
".",
"3-AACS",
"secondary",
"to",
"inflammation",
"of",
"the",
"coronary",
"wall",
".",
"Evolution",
"TTE",
"and",
"TEE",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"aortic",
"periprosthetic",
"abscess",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"sinuses",
"of",
"Valsalva",
"(",
"non-coronary",
"sinus",
"and",
"right",
"sinus",
")",
"partially",
"occupied",
"by",
"mobile",
"echogenic",
"material",
",",
"with",
"partial",
"dehiscence",
"of",
"the",
"prosthetic",
"ring",
",",
"generating",
"eccentric",
"aortic",
"perivalvular",
"insufficiency",
"difficult",
"to",
"quantify",
"but",
"which",
"appears",
"moderate-high",
"(",
"III",
"/",
"IV",
")",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
",",
"apical",
"5-chamber",
"view",
".",
"Pseudoaneurysm",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"membranous",
"septum",
"showing",
"acquired",
"Gerbode-type",
"defect",
"with",
"fistula",
"from",
"the",
"left",
"ventricle",
"(",
"LV",
")",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"atrium",
"(",
"RA",
")",
".",
"Transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
"at",
"140o",
"(",
"images",
"on",
"the",
"left",
")",
"and",
"over",
"the",
"aortic",
"annulus",
"plane",
".",
"In",
"the",
"short",
"axis",
"of",
"the",
"aortic",
"root",
",",
"an",
"aortic",
"prosthesis",
"with",
"abscess",
"is",
"seen",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"hemicircumference",
",",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"sinus",
"of",
"Valsalva",
"that",
"fistulises",
"on",
"the",
"right",
"side",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"atrium",
"and",
"dehiscence",
"of",
"the",
"prosthesis",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"posterior",
"annulus",
".",
"The",
"left",
"coronary",
"trunk",
"is",
"seen",
"in",
"continuity",
"with",
"the",
"periprosthetic",
"abscess",
".",
"There",
"was",
"also",
"fistulisation",
"from",
"the",
"abscess",
"to",
"both",
"right",
"chambers",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"hypermobile",
"image",
"adhering",
"to",
"the",
"prosthesis",
"disc",
"of",
"2",
"mm",
"compatible",
"with",
"vegetation",
".",
"No",
"vegetations",
"were",
"observed",
"on",
"the",
"remaining",
"heart",
"valves",
"or",
"pacemaker",
"leads",
".",
"The",
"function",
"of",
"both",
"ventricles",
"was",
"preserved",
".",
"Combined",
"treatment",
"with",
"cloxacillin",
"2",
"g",
"/",
"4h",
"and",
"daptomycin",
"650",
"mg",
"/",
"24h",
"iv",
"was",
"started",
",",
"leaving",
"afebrile",
"and",
"negative",
"blood",
"cultures",
"on",
"the",
"third",
"day",
"of",
"treatment",
".",
"Transfer",
"to",
"the",
"reference",
"hospital",
"was",
"requested",
"for",
"surgery",
",",
"but",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"refused",
",",
"so",
"transfer",
"to",
"another",
"centre",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"took",
"place",
"9",
"days",
"after",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"TEE",
"endocarditis",
".",
"At",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"transfer",
",",
"valve",
"insufficiency",
"had",
"worsened",
"due",
"to",
"TTE",
"and",
"dehiscence",
"of",
"50",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"prosthesis",
"circumference",
"was",
"observed",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"in",
"NYHA",
"grade",
"III",
"heart",
"failure",
",",
"requiring",
"120",
"mg",
"of",
"furosemide",
"per",
"day",
".",
"At",
"the",
"hospital",
",",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"replaced",
"by",
"cefazolin",
"and",
"surgery",
"was",
"performed",
"23",
"days",
"after",
"diagnosis",
",",
"with",
"aortic",
"valve",
"replacement",
"with",
"a",
"new",
"mechanical",
"valve",
"and",
"placement",
"of",
"a",
"pericardial",
"patch",
"to",
"close",
"the",
"area",
"of",
"abscess",
"fistulised",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"atrium",
".",
"The",
"postoperative",
"period",
"was",
"complicated",
"by",
"renal",
"failure",
"requiring",
"haemodialysis",
",",
"left",
"ventricular",
"failure",
"and",
"septic",
"symptoms",
"of",
"unclear",
"origin",
"(",
"with",
"no",
"response",
"to",
"a",
"change",
"in",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"to",
"piperacillin-tazobactam",
"plus",
"daptomycin",
")",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"died",
"of",
"multi-organ",
"failure",
"12",
"days",
"after",
"surgery",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Late",
"prosthetic",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
"on",
"mechanical",
"aortic",
"prosthesis",
"due",
"to",
"methicillin-sensitive",
"S",
".",
"epidermidis",
",",
"complicated",
"with",
"periannular",
"abscess",
"at",
"aortic",
"root",
"level",
"and",
"aortoatrial",
"fistula",
",",
"severe",
"perivalvular",
"aortic",
"insufficiency",
"and",
"secondary",
"heart",
"failure",
".",
"High",
"degree",
"AV",
"block",
"and",
"NSTEACS",
"in",
"probable",
"relation",
"to",
"extrinsic",
"compression",
"by",
"periprosthetic",
"abscess",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "brucellar",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 227,
"end": 236
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 875,
"end": 882
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2100,
"end": 2107
},
{
"text": "methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4158,
"end": 4206
},
{
"text": "staphylococci",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3443,
"end": 3456
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3776,
"end": 3783
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4551,
"end": 4558
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4829,
"end": 4836
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5303,
"end": 5310
},
{
"text": "S. epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5567,
"end": 5581
},
{
"text": "bacteraemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6935,
"end": 6946
},
{
"text": "S. epidermidis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 6920,
"end": 6934
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
36-year-old woman, active smoker of 5 pack-years, immigrant: exposed to the Chernobyl accident. Consulted in April 2017 for sudden dyspnoea and right pleuritic chest pain.
Physical examination
On physical examination, an ECOG 1 stands out, and the rest with no other findings.
Complementary tests
Laboratory tests showed no relevant findings.
Chest X-ray: cavitated nodular lesion in LID.
Chest CT angiography: bilateral PET. Cavitated mass in the apical segment of the LID measuring 3.2 cm. Bilateral paratracheal adenopathies, in aortopulmonary window and bilateral hilar adenopathies.
Bronchoscopy: normal with brushing and BAS negative for malignancy.
PET/CT: hypermetabolic lesion in LID. Hypermetabolic right and left lower paratracheal hypermetabolic adenopathies, bilateral aortopulmonary, subcarinal and hilar window. Multiple retroperitoneal hypermetabolic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathies.
Tru-cut biopsy of the lung mass showed infiltration by adenocarcinoma of micropapillary pattern TTF1 +++, PD-L1 (Ac 22C3) negative, with strong immunohistochemical expression of ALK consistent with translocation protein expression.
Native EGFR.
Diagnosis
It is therefore diagnosed as a lung adenocarcinoma cT2aN3M1c (8th TNM edition) carrying the ALK translocation.
Treatment
First-line treatment with crizotinib was initiated in July 2017 at a daily dose of 250 mg every 12 hours. Partial response was confirmed on abdominal thoracic CT scan according to RECIST 1.1 criteria and complete metabolic response on PET/CT scan at 8 weeks.
Evolution
From the start of treatment, the patient presented with grade 1-2 nausea associated, at week 15, with grade 1 emesis. In November 2017, after 19 weeks, she consulted for progressive dysphagia of 15 days' duration accompanied by central thoracic pain. An urgent gastroscopy was performed, which revealed a diffuse greyish oesophageal mucosa with raised areas at various levels. Oesophageal biopsy showed oesophageal epithelium with destruction of the basal layer, with no fungi or viral inclusions. With the diagnosis of G3 oesophagitis secondary to treatment with crizotinib, treatment was suspended and the patient was admitted to hospital for supportive care. The evolution was favourable, with symptomatic improvement on the fourth day; however, on the tenth day there was a worsening of symptoms consisting of abdominal pain at the epigastric level, which did not respond to analgesic treatment despite the progressive increase in the dose of opioids prescribed. Physical examination was unremarkable.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"36-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"active",
"smoker",
"of",
"5",
"pack-years",
",",
"immigrant",
":",
"exposed",
"to",
"the",
"Chernobyl",
"accident",
".",
"Consulted",
"in",
"April",
"2017",
"for",
"sudden",
"dyspnoea",
"and",
"right",
"pleuritic",
"chest",
"pain",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"an",
"ECOG",
"1",
"stands",
"out",
",",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"findings",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"no",
"relevant",
"findings",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"cavitated",
"nodular",
"lesion",
"in",
"LID",
".",
"Chest",
"CT",
"angiography",
":",
"bilateral",
"PET",
".",
"Cavitated",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"apical",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"LID",
"measuring",
"3",
".",
"2",
"cm",
".",
"Bilateral",
"paratracheal",
"adenopathies",
",",
"in",
"aortopulmonary",
"window",
"and",
"bilateral",
"hilar",
"adenopathies",
".",
"Bronchoscopy",
":",
"normal",
"with",
"brushing",
"and",
"BAS",
"negative",
"for",
"malignancy",
".",
"PET",
"/",
"CT",
":",
"hypermetabolic",
"lesion",
"in",
"LID",
".",
"Hypermetabolic",
"right",
"and",
"left",
"lower",
"paratracheal",
"hypermetabolic",
"adenopathies",
",",
"bilateral",
"aortopulmonary",
",",
"subcarinal",
"and",
"hilar",
"window",
".",
"Multiple",
"retroperitoneal",
"hypermetabolic",
"retroperitoneal",
"lymphadenopathies",
".",
"Tru-cut",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"lung",
"mass",
"showed",
"infiltration",
"by",
"adenocarcinoma",
"of",
"micropapillary",
"pattern",
"TTF1",
"+",
"+",
"+",
",",
"PD-L1",
"(",
"Ac",
"22C3",
")",
"negative",
",",
"with",
"strong",
"immunohistochemical",
"expression",
"of",
"ALK",
"consistent",
"with",
"translocation",
"protein",
"expression",
".",
"Native",
"EGFR",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"It",
"is",
"therefore",
"diagnosed",
"as",
"a",
"lung",
"adenocarcinoma",
"cT2aN3M1c",
"(",
"8th",
"TNM",
"edition",
")",
"carrying",
"the",
"ALK",
"translocation",
".",
"Treatment",
"First-line",
"treatment",
"with",
"crizotinib",
"was",
"initiated",
"in",
"July",
"2017",
"at",
"a",
"daily",
"dose",
"of",
"250",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
".",
"Partial",
"response",
"was",
"confirmed",
"on",
"abdominal",
"thoracic",
"CT",
"scan",
"according",
"to",
"RECIST",
"1",
".",
"1",
"criteria",
"and",
"complete",
"metabolic",
"response",
"on",
"PET",
"/",
"CT",
"scan",
"at",
"8",
"weeks",
".",
"Evolution",
"From",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"with",
"grade",
"1-2",
"nausea",
"associated",
",",
"at",
"week",
"15",
",",
"with",
"grade",
"1",
"emesis",
".",
"In",
"November",
"2017",
",",
"after",
"19",
"weeks",
",",
"she",
"consulted",
"for",
"progressive",
"dysphagia",
"of",
"15",
"days",
"'",
"duration",
"accompanied",
"by",
"central",
"thoracic",
"pain",
".",
"An",
"urgent",
"gastroscopy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"a",
"diffuse",
"greyish",
"oesophageal",
"mucosa",
"with",
"raised",
"areas",
"at",
"various",
"levels",
".",
"Oesophageal",
"biopsy",
"showed",
"oesophageal",
"epithelium",
"with",
"destruction",
"of",
"the",
"basal",
"layer",
",",
"with",
"no",
"fungi",
"or",
"viral",
"inclusions",
".",
"With",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"G3",
"oesophagitis",
"secondary",
"to",
"treatment",
"with",
"crizotinib",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"suspended",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"hospital",
"for",
"supportive",
"care",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"favourable",
",",
"with",
"symptomatic",
"improvement",
"on",
"the",
"fourth",
"day",
";",
"however",
",",
"on",
"the",
"tenth",
"day",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"worsening",
"of",
"symptoms",
"consisting",
"of",
"abdominal",
"pain",
"at",
"the",
"epigastric",
"level",
",",
"which",
"did",
"not",
"respond",
"to",
"analgesic",
"treatment",
"despite",
"the",
"progressive",
"increase",
"in",
"the",
"dose",
"of",
"opioids",
"prescribed",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"was",
"unremarkable",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 22,
"end": 27
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2033,
"end": 2038
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1595,
"end": 1602
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2170,
"end": 2177
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 33-year-old man from Colombia, a professional commercial pilot with regular flight routes in Central and South America. He had no known drug allergies or vascular risk factors. He had no medical history of interest or usual treatment and had undergone rhinoplasty several years earlier.
He came to the Emergency Department for a clinical picture of 4-5 days of insidious onset consisting of dizziness with spinning of objects that worsened with standing upright, gait instability, nausea and vomiting, accompanied by occipital headache described as pulsating, of greater intensity in the morning and with Valsalva manoeuvres. Bilateral sensation of ear plugging, more intense in the left ear. No previous fever or symptoms suggestive of epileptic seizures were reported.
Physical examination
Blood pressure 127/78 mmHg. Afebrile. Head and neck: no carotid murmurs, no adenopathies. Cardiopulmonary auscultation: rhythmic, at 75 bpm, preserved vesicular murmur. Abdomen: soft, depressible, not painful on palpation, no masses or visceromegaly. Extremities: no oedema, peripheral pulses present and symmetrical. Alert, conscious and oriented in time, space and person. Language normal in emission and comprehension, no dysarthria. Pupils isochoric, normoreactive. Confrontational campimetry without alterations. Horizontal-rotatory nystagmus, inexhaustible, in left lateral gaze, with rapid phase to the left. Horizontal diplopia, predominantly in left gaze. No ophthalmoparesis. Normal cranial nerves. Normal muscle tone, overall strength and sensitivity preserved. Normal reflexes. Appendicular dysmetria in the left finger-nose manoeuvre and dysdiadochokinesia with the left upper limb. Truncal ataxia with increased base of support, which worsened with the eyes closed, negative Romberg. Unsteady gait without clear lateralisation, difficulty in turning. No tremor. No meningeal signs or nuchal rigidity. Fundus examination in the emergency department: sharp-edged papillae, no haemorrhages or exudates.
Complementary tests
- CBC: blood count with mild leukocytosis without neutrophilia (10,640 leukocytes/mm3), coagulation and basic biochemistry without alterations. Elevated transaminases (glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 45 IU/l, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 124 IU/l, gamma-glutamyl transferase 124 IU/l) with normal bilirubin (suggesting cytolysis pattern), hypercholesterolemia, subclinical hypothyroidism. Negative serology for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, hydatidosis and toxoplasma. Cytomegalovirus IgG positive/IgM negative. Cysticercosis serology negative. C-reactive protein 0.1 mg/dl and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 9 mm/1 hour. Peripheral blood immunophenotype normal. Erythropoietin within normal limits (7.2 mIU/ml).
- Chest X-ray: no significant findings.
- Urgent brain computed tomography: in the left cerebellar hemisphere (intraaxial) a well-defined hypodense lesion measuring 37 x 44 mm with vasogenic oedema and mass effect on the IV ventricle with discrete triventriculomegaly was identified. After contrast administration, a small solid pole measuring 7 x 6 mm was seen with a high uptake.
- Abdominal ultrasound: steatotic liver. Gallbladder, portal, biliary tract and spleen without pathological findings. Pancreas with fatty replacement. Kidneys in the lower limit of normal size, with no other alterations.
- Brain MRI: tumour measuring approximately 48 x 31 x 50 mm, intraaxial, located in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Cranial MRI. Axial section with contrast showing the cystic lesion and the solid mural pole with vasogenic oedema and mass effect on the fourth ventricle. There was a cyst occupying most of the tumour and a small solid mural pole measuring 7 x 9 mm. The cystic area presented hyperintense signal characteristics in long TR sequences, hypointense in T1 sequences, without brightness in the diffusion sequence. After administration of paramagnetic contrast, only a fine linear enhancement was observed in its interior, compatible with the existence of a septum. The solid pole was slightly hypointense on T2 sequences, with intermediate signal on T1 sequences and intense contrast uptake. In contact or adjacent to it, some millimetric vascular structure was identified.
- Cerebral arteriography: hyperenhancing nodule in the periphery of the left cerebellar hemisphere, with main supply from the posteroinferior cerebellar artery.
- Urgent brain CT scan: enlargement of the lesion at the expense of the cystic component which continued to cause collapse of the fourth ventricle. Hydrocephalus and ascending transtentorial herniation had progressed significantly with respect to previous studies.
- Pathology: cerebellar haemangioblastoma.
Diagnosis
Cerebellar haemangioblastoma.
Treatment and evolution
In the emergency department he was assessed by ENT and neurology, confirming a central vertiginous syndrome. In view of the findings in the urgent CT scan, and considering the radiology image as the first possibility of neurocysticercosis, it was decided to start empirical treatment with albendazole 400 mg/8 h, dexamethasone 4 mg/h and symptomatic treatment. He was admitted to complete the study. Initially, the patient was neurologically stable, reporting only occipital headache and vertiginous symptoms. One week after admission, his level of consciousness began to deteriorate, his headache intensified and he presented with shotgun vomiting. An urgent CT scan was performed, showing enlargement of the lesion and signs of ascending trans-stentorial herniation. The patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit for monitoring and surveillance, and neurosurgical assessment was requested. Urgent intervention was decided, and a right frontal ventricular drainage was performed to relieve intracranial hypertension and a suboccipital craniotomy, and the cyst was punctured and the nodule resected. A specimen was sent to the pathology department, which made the diagnosis of cerebellar haemangioblastoma. The patient progressed satisfactorily and was discharged without postoperative complications, completing the Von Hippel-Lindau screening study on an outpatient basis.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"33-year-old",
"man",
"from",
"Colombia",
",",
"a",
"professional",
"commercial",
"pilot",
"with",
"regular",
"flight",
"routes",
"in",
"Central",
"and",
"South",
"America",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"known",
"drug",
"allergies",
"or",
"vascular",
"risk",
"factors",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"medical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
"or",
"usual",
"treatment",
"and",
"had",
"undergone",
"rhinoplasty",
"several",
"years",
"earlier",
".",
"He",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"for",
"a",
"clinical",
"picture",
"of",
"4-5",
"days",
"of",
"insidious",
"onset",
"consisting",
"of",
"dizziness",
"with",
"spinning",
"of",
"objects",
"that",
"worsened",
"with",
"standing",
"upright",
",",
"gait",
"instability",
",",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"occipital",
"headache",
"described",
"as",
"pulsating",
",",
"of",
"greater",
"intensity",
"in",
"the",
"morning",
"and",
"with",
"Valsalva",
"manoeuvres",
".",
"Bilateral",
"sensation",
"of",
"ear",
"plugging",
",",
"more",
"intense",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"ear",
".",
"No",
"previous",
"fever",
"or",
"symptoms",
"suggestive",
"of",
"epileptic",
"seizures",
"were",
"reported",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"127",
"/",
"78",
"mmHg",
".",
"Afebrile",
".",
"Head",
"and",
"neck",
":",
"no",
"carotid",
"murmurs",
",",
"no",
"adenopathies",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"rhythmic",
",",
"at",
"75",
"bpm",
",",
"preserved",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
".",
"Abdomen",
":",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"not",
"painful",
"on",
"palpation",
",",
"no",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
".",
"Extremities",
":",
"no",
"oedema",
",",
"peripheral",
"pulses",
"present",
"and",
"symmetrical",
".",
"Alert",
",",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
"in",
"time",
",",
"space",
"and",
"person",
".",
"Language",
"normal",
"in",
"emission",
"and",
"comprehension",
",",
"no",
"dysarthria",
".",
"Pupils",
"isochoric",
",",
"normoreactive",
".",
"Confrontational",
"campimetry",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Horizontal-rotatory",
"nystagmus",
",",
"inexhaustible",
",",
"in",
"left",
"lateral",
"gaze",
",",
"with",
"rapid",
"phase",
"to",
"the",
"left",
".",
"Horizontal",
"diplopia",
",",
"predominantly",
"in",
"left",
"gaze",
".",
"No",
"ophthalmoparesis",
".",
"Normal",
"cranial",
"nerves",
".",
"Normal",
"muscle",
"tone",
",",
"overall",
"strength",
"and",
"sensitivity",
"preserved",
".",
"Normal",
"reflexes",
".",
"Appendicular",
"dysmetria",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"finger-nose",
"manoeuvre",
"and",
"dysdiadochokinesia",
"with",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"limb",
".",
"Truncal",
"ataxia",
"with",
"increased",
"base",
"of",
"support",
",",
"which",
"worsened",
"with",
"the",
"eyes",
"closed",
",",
"negative",
"Romberg",
".",
"Unsteady",
"gait",
"without",
"clear",
"lateralisation",
",",
"difficulty",
"in",
"turning",
".",
"No",
"tremor",
".",
"No",
"meningeal",
"signs",
"or",
"nuchal",
"rigidity",
".",
"Fundus",
"examination",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
":",
"sharp-edged",
"papillae",
",",
"no",
"haemorrhages",
"or",
"exudates",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"CBC",
":",
"blood",
"count",
"with",
"mild",
"leukocytosis",
"without",
"neutrophilia",
"(",
"10",
",",
"640",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"mm3",
")",
",",
"coagulation",
"and",
"basic",
"biochemistry",
"without",
"alterations",
".",
"Elevated",
"transaminases",
"(",
"glutamate-oxaloacetate",
"transaminase",
"45",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"glutamate-pyruvate",
"transaminase",
"124",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
",",
"gamma-glutamyl",
"transferase",
"124",
"IU",
"/",
"l",
")",
"with",
"normal",
"bilirubin",
"(",
"suggesting",
"cytolysis",
"pattern",
")",
",",
"hypercholesterolemia",
",",
"subclinical",
"hypothyroidism",
".",
"Negative",
"serology",
"for",
"human",
"immunodeficiency",
"virus",
",",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"and",
"C",
",",
"syphilis",
",",
"hydatidosis",
"and",
"toxoplasma",
".",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"IgG",
"positive",
"/",
"IgM",
"negative",
".",
"Cysticercosis",
"serology",
"negative",
".",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"0",
".",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"erythrocyte",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"9",
"mm",
"/",
"1",
"hour",
".",
"Peripheral",
"blood",
"immunophenotype",
"normal",
".",
"Erythropoietin",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
"(",
"7",
".",
"2",
"mIU",
"/",
"ml",
")",
".",
"-",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"no",
"significant",
"findings",
".",
"-",
"Urgent",
"brain",
"computed",
"tomography",
":",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"cerebellar",
"hemisphere",
"(",
"intraaxial",
")",
"a",
"well-defined",
"hypodense",
"lesion",
"measuring",
"37",
"x",
"44",
"mm",
"with",
"vasogenic",
"oedema",
"and",
"mass",
"effect",
"on",
"the",
"IV",
"ventricle",
"with",
"discrete",
"triventriculomegaly",
"was",
"identified",
".",
"After",
"contrast",
"administration",
",",
"a",
"small",
"solid",
"pole",
"measuring",
"7",
"x",
"6",
"mm",
"was",
"seen",
"with",
"a",
"high",
"uptake",
".",
"-",
"Abdominal",
"ultrasound",
":",
"steatotic",
"liver",
".",
"Gallbladder",
",",
"portal",
",",
"biliary",
"tract",
"and",
"spleen",
"without",
"pathological",
"findings",
".",
"Pancreas",
"with",
"fatty",
"replacement",
".",
"Kidneys",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limit",
"of",
"normal",
"size",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Brain",
"MRI",
":",
"tumour",
"measuring",
"approximately",
"48",
"x",
"31",
"x",
"50",
"mm",
",",
"intraaxial",
",",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"cerebellar",
"hemisphere",
".",
"Cranial",
"MRI",
".",
"Axial",
"section",
"with",
"contrast",
"showing",
"the",
"cystic",
"lesion",
"and",
"the",
"solid",
"mural",
"pole",
"with",
"vasogenic",
"oedema",
"and",
"mass",
"effect",
"on",
"the",
"fourth",
"ventricle",
".",
"There",
"was",
"a",
"cyst",
"occupying",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"tumour",
"and",
"a",
"small",
"solid",
"mural",
"pole",
"measuring",
"7",
"x",
"9",
"mm",
".",
"The",
"cystic",
"area",
"presented",
"hyperintense",
"signal",
"characteristics",
"in",
"long",
"TR",
"sequences",
",",
"hypointense",
"in",
"T1",
"sequences",
",",
"without",
"brightness",
"in",
"the",
"diffusion",
"sequence",
".",
"After",
"administration",
"of",
"paramagnetic",
"contrast",
",",
"only",
"a",
"fine",
"linear",
"enhancement",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"its",
"interior",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"a",
"septum",
".",
"The",
"solid",
"pole",
"was",
"slightly",
"hypointense",
"on",
"T2",
"sequences",
",",
"with",
"intermediate",
"signal",
"on",
"T1",
"sequences",
"and",
"intense",
"contrast",
"uptake",
".",
"In",
"contact",
"or",
"adjacent",
"to",
"it",
",",
"some",
"millimetric",
"vascular",
"structure",
"was",
"identified",
".",
"-",
"Cerebral",
"arteriography",
":",
"hyperenhancing",
"nodule",
"in",
"the",
"periphery",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"cerebellar",
"hemisphere",
",",
"with",
"main",
"supply",
"from",
"the",
"posteroinferior",
"cerebellar",
"artery",
".",
"-",
"Urgent",
"brain",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"enlargement",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"the",
"cystic",
"component",
"which",
"continued",
"to",
"cause",
"collapse",
"of",
"the",
"fourth",
"ventricle",
".",
"Hydrocephalus",
"and",
"ascending",
"transtentorial",
"herniation",
"had",
"progressed",
"significantly",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"previous",
"studies",
".",
"-",
"Pathology",
":",
"cerebellar",
"haemangioblastoma",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Cerebellar",
"haemangioblastoma",
".",
"Treatment",
"and",
"evolution",
"In",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"he",
"was",
"assessed",
"by",
"ENT",
"and",
"neurology",
",",
"confirming",
"a",
"central",
"vertiginous",
"syndrome",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"findings",
"in",
"the",
"urgent",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"and",
"considering",
"the",
"radiology",
"image",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"possibility",
"of",
"neurocysticercosis",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"start",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"with",
"albendazole",
"400",
"mg",
"/",
"8",
"h",
",",
"dexamethasone",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"h",
"and",
"symptomatic",
"treatment",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"complete",
"the",
"study",
".",
"Initially",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"neurologically",
"stable",
",",
"reporting",
"only",
"occipital",
"headache",
"and",
"vertiginous",
"symptoms",
".",
"One",
"week",
"after",
"admission",
",",
"his",
"level",
"of",
"consciousness",
"began",
"to",
"deteriorate",
",",
"his",
"headache",
"intensified",
"and",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"shotgun",
"vomiting",
".",
"An",
"urgent",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"showing",
"enlargement",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"and",
"signs",
"of",
"ascending",
"trans-stentorial",
"herniation",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"Intensive",
"Care",
"Unit",
"for",
"monitoring",
"and",
"surveillance",
",",
"and",
"neurosurgical",
"assessment",
"was",
"requested",
".",
"Urgent",
"intervention",
"was",
"decided",
",",
"and",
"a",
"right",
"frontal",
"ventricular",
"drainage",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"relieve",
"intracranial",
"hypertension",
"and",
"a",
"suboccipital",
"craniotomy",
",",
"and",
"the",
"cyst",
"was",
"punctured",
"and",
"the",
"nodule",
"resected",
".",
"A",
"specimen",
"was",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"pathology",
"department",
",",
"which",
"made",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"cerebellar",
"haemangioblastoma",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"progressed",
"satisfactorily",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"without",
"postoperative",
"complications",
",",
"completing",
"the",
"Von",
"Hippel-Lindau",
"screening",
"study",
"on",
"an",
"outpatient",
"basis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "commercial pilot",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 58,
"end": 74
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1173,
"end": 1179
},
{
"text": "Cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2546,
"end": 2561
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2508,
"end": 2516
},
{
"text": "toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2534,
"end": 2544
},
{
"text": "human immunodeficiency virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2459,
"end": 2487
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2489,
"end": 2500
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B and C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2489,
"end": 2506
},
{
"text": "hydatidosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2518,
"end": 2529
},
{
"text": "Cysticercosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2589,
"end": 2602
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5228,
"end": 5235
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5586,
"end": 5593
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6033,
"end": 6040
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 45-year-old male patient came to the urology department referred from the emergency department, where he had been 48 hours earlier with a picture labelled as acute epididymitis.
The patient reported a left testicular mass of 72 hours of evolution, non-painful and accompanied by fever up to 38 oC.
Physical examination
Examination revealed an extraordinarily hard, non-painful lump located in the upper pole and epididymis of the left testicle, about 2 cm in greatest diameter.
Additional tests
- Blood count, biochemistry and coagulation were normal.
- The emergency ultrasound was compatible with the first clinical suspicion of epididymitis, but the non-resolution of the inflammatory picture in 7 days made it necessary to repeat the directed imaging test, under the clinical suspicion of testicular neoplasia, performing a Doppler ultrasound, which showed a heterogeneous ultrasound lesion with hypervascularisation that could be compatible with a tumour process.
- Tumour markers (beta-HCG, AFP and LDH) were negative.
- The study was completed with an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan that demonstrated the existence of retroperitoneal lymphadenopathies in pathological number and size.
Diagnosis
In view of the results, a malignant testicular tumour was considered as the first diagnostic possibility, with the consequent indication for radical orchiectomy.
Treatment
A left radical orchiectomy via the inguinal route with high cord clamping was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The operation was uneventful and the patient was discharged after 24 hours.
Evolution
The result of the testicular biopsy showed the presence of pseudotumoural inflammation, consisting mainly of plasma cells, with some lymphocytes and marked areas of fibrosis, with foci of endarteritis obliterans and epididymal extension.
Immunohistochemical techniques revealed a very dense presence of spirochetal bacteria (Treponema pallidum).
The findings were conclusive of syphilis (syphilitic orchitis).
There was also destruction of germ cells in the areas close to the lesion, with a focal granulomatous reaction, in which isolated spirochetes were also evident.
The patient subsequently confirmed his homosexuality as a risk factor for transmission. A serological test was performed to rule out the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, all of which were negative, except obviously the serology linked to syphilitic disease.
The recommendations on the transmission of syphilis were subsequently carried out, the obligatory declaration of the disease was made to the health authorities and treatment was administered with a weekly intramuscular injection of intramuscular penicillin G benzathine 2.4 million for 3 weeks, subsequently verifying serological negativisation at 6 and 12 months after the antibiotic treatment, the manner in which monitoring of the patient affected by this stage of the disease is recommended.
Diagnosis
Syphilitic orchitis.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"45-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"urology",
"department",
"referred",
"from",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
",",
"where",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"48",
"hours",
"earlier",
"with",
"a",
"picture",
"labelled",
"as",
"acute",
"epididymitis",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reported",
"a",
"left",
"testicular",
"mass",
"of",
"72",
"hours",
"of",
"evolution",
",",
"non-painful",
"and",
"accompanied",
"by",
"fever",
"up",
"to",
"38",
"oC",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"an",
"extraordinarily",
"hard",
",",
"non-painful",
"lump",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"pole",
"and",
"epididymis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"testicle",
",",
"about",
"2",
"cm",
"in",
"greatest",
"diameter",
".",
"Additional",
"tests",
"-",
"Blood",
"count",
",",
"biochemistry",
"and",
"coagulation",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"The",
"emergency",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"compatible",
"with",
"the",
"first",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
"of",
"epididymitis",
",",
"but",
"the",
"non-resolution",
"of",
"the",
"inflammatory",
"picture",
"in",
"7",
"days",
"made",
"it",
"necessary",
"to",
"repeat",
"the",
"directed",
"imaging",
"test",
",",
"under",
"the",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
"of",
"testicular",
"neoplasia",
",",
"performing",
"a",
"Doppler",
"ultrasound",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"heterogeneous",
"ultrasound",
"lesion",
"with",
"hypervascularisation",
"that",
"could",
"be",
"compatible",
"with",
"a",
"tumour",
"process",
".",
"-",
"Tumour",
"markers",
"(",
"beta-HCG",
",",
"AFP",
"and",
"LDH",
")",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"an",
"abdominal",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"scan",
"that",
"demonstrated",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"retroperitoneal",
"lymphadenopathies",
"in",
"pathological",
"number",
"and",
"size",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"results",
",",
"a",
"malignant",
"testicular",
"tumour",
"was",
"considered",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"diagnostic",
"possibility",
",",
"with",
"the",
"consequent",
"indication",
"for",
"radical",
"orchiectomy",
".",
"Treatment",
"A",
"left",
"radical",
"orchiectomy",
"via",
"the",
"inguinal",
"route",
"with",
"high",
"cord",
"clamping",
"was",
"performed",
"for",
"diagnostic",
"and",
"therapeutic",
"purposes",
".",
"The",
"operation",
"was",
"uneventful",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"after",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"testicular",
"biopsy",
"showed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"pseudotumoural",
"inflammation",
",",
"consisting",
"mainly",
"of",
"plasma",
"cells",
",",
"with",
"some",
"lymphocytes",
"and",
"marked",
"areas",
"of",
"fibrosis",
",",
"with",
"foci",
"of",
"endarteritis",
"obliterans",
"and",
"epididymal",
"extension",
".",
"Immunohistochemical",
"techniques",
"revealed",
"a",
"very",
"dense",
"presence",
"of",
"spirochetal",
"bacteria",
"(",
"Treponema",
"pallidum",
")",
".",
"The",
"findings",
"were",
"conclusive",
"of",
"syphilis",
"(",
"syphilitic",
"orchitis",
")",
".",
"There",
"was",
"also",
"destruction",
"of",
"germ",
"cells",
"in",
"the",
"areas",
"close",
"to",
"the",
"lesion",
",",
"with",
"a",
"focal",
"granulomatous",
"reaction",
",",
"in",
"which",
"isolated",
"spirochetes",
"were",
"also",
"evident",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"subsequently",
"confirmed",
"his",
"homosexuality",
"as",
"a",
"risk",
"factor",
"for",
"transmission",
".",
"A",
"serological",
"test",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"rule",
"out",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"other",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"diseases",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"except",
"obviously",
"the",
"serology",
"linked",
"to",
"syphilitic",
"disease",
".",
"The",
"recommendations",
"on",
"the",
"transmission",
"of",
"syphilis",
"were",
"subsequently",
"carried",
"out",
",",
"the",
"obligatory",
"declaration",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"was",
"made",
"to",
"the",
"health",
"authorities",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"administered",
"with",
"a",
"weekly",
"intramuscular",
"injection",
"of",
"intramuscular",
"penicillin",
"G",
"benzathine",
"2",
".",
"4",
"million",
"for",
"3",
"weeks",
",",
"subsequently",
"verifying",
"serological",
"negativisation",
"at",
"6",
"and",
"12",
"months",
"after",
"the",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"manner",
"in",
"which",
"monitoring",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"affected",
"by",
"this",
"stage",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"is",
"recommended",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Syphilitic",
"orchitis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 29,
"end": 36
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 194,
"end": 201
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1565,
"end": 1572
},
{
"text": "Treponema pallidum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1940,
"end": 1958
},
{
"text": "spirochetal bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1918,
"end": 1938
},
{
"text": "spirochetes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2155,
"end": 2166
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2190,
"end": 2197
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2894,
"end": 2901
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 43-year-old man, with no medical or surgical history of interest, came to the emergency department referred from his health centre for painful ulcers on the shaft of the penis suggestive of genital herpes, which did not heal despite the treatment administered (acyclovir 200 mg every 4 hours for 5 days). He reported no other associated skin lesions. The patient confessed to multiple unprotected sexual relations with other men (MSM) in recent months.
Physical examination
Erythematous, ulcerated lesions with an active border, slightly exudative, located on the shaft of the penis, painful and slightly infiltrated on palpation. Bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were palpable in the inguinal region, which were not painful.
Complementary examinations
Suspecting an infectious condition, possibly a sexually transmitted infection (STI), various complementary tests were requested. Microbiological culture of the urethral exudate showed no bacterial growth and no unusual microbiota. PCR of the exudate from the bottom of the ulcer was negative for herpes virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV2). The STI serologies requested were negative for reaginic anti treponema pallidum antibodies (RPR), treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), anti treponema pallidum IgM, as well as for total anti treponema pallidum antibodies. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serologies were also negative, with only anti-HBc, anti-HBe and anti-HBs antibody positivity with negative HBsAg antigen, which informed us of a past hepatitis B infection. Due to the findings obtained in the complementary tests and with a high clinical suspicion of STI, a PCR of Treponema pallidum DNA from the exudate of the ulcer was requested, which turned out to be positive. Two weeks after the first visit, new serological tests were requested, and the total anti-Treponema pallidum and IgM anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies were positive, with RPR and FTA remaining negative, as well as the rest of the serological tests.
Diagnosis
Primary syphilis.
Treatment
In view of the positive PCR of the sample taken, and prior to the positive serology for IgM anti-Treponema pallidum antibodies, treatment was started with intramuscular benzathine penicillin in a single dose (2.4 million units).
Evolution
A few days after administration of intramuscular penicillin, the ulcerated lesions on the penis began to improve, leaving a small scar in the balanopreputial sulcus.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"43-year-old",
"man",
",",
"with",
"no",
"medical",
"or",
"surgical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"referred",
"from",
"his",
"health",
"centre",
"for",
"painful",
"ulcers",
"on",
"the",
"shaft",
"of",
"the",
"penis",
"suggestive",
"of",
"genital",
"herpes",
",",
"which",
"did",
"not",
"heal",
"despite",
"the",
"treatment",
"administered",
"(",
"acyclovir",
"200",
"mg",
"every",
"4",
"hours",
"for",
"5",
"days",
")",
".",
"He",
"reported",
"no",
"other",
"associated",
"skin",
"lesions",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"confessed",
"to",
"multiple",
"unprotected",
"sexual",
"relations",
"with",
"other",
"men",
"(",
"MSM",
")",
"in",
"recent",
"months",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Erythematous",
",",
"ulcerated",
"lesions",
"with",
"an",
"active",
"border",
",",
"slightly",
"exudative",
",",
"located",
"on",
"the",
"shaft",
"of",
"the",
"penis",
",",
"painful",
"and",
"slightly",
"infiltrated",
"on",
"palpation",
".",
"Bilateral",
"inguinal",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"were",
"palpable",
"in",
"the",
"inguinal",
"region",
",",
"which",
"were",
"not",
"painful",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"Suspecting",
"an",
"infectious",
"condition",
",",
"possibly",
"a",
"sexually",
"transmitted",
"infection",
"(",
"STI",
")",
",",
"various",
"complementary",
"tests",
"were",
"requested",
".",
"Microbiological",
"culture",
"of",
"the",
"urethral",
"exudate",
"showed",
"no",
"bacterial",
"growth",
"and",
"no",
"unusual",
"microbiota",
".",
"PCR",
"of",
"the",
"exudate",
"from",
"the",
"bottom",
"of",
"the",
"ulcer",
"was",
"negative",
"for",
"herpes",
"virus",
"type",
"1",
"(",
"HSV-1",
")",
"and",
"2",
"(",
"HSV2",
")",
".",
"The",
"STI",
"serologies",
"requested",
"were",
"negative",
"for",
"reaginic",
"anti",
"treponema",
"pallidum",
"antibodies",
"(",
"RPR",
")",
",",
"treponemal",
"antibody",
"absorption",
"test",
"(",
"FTA-ABS",
")",
",",
"anti",
"treponema",
"pallidum",
"IgM",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"for",
"total",
"anti",
"treponema",
"pallidum",
"antibodies",
".",
"Hepatitis",
"C",
"virus",
"(",
"HCV",
")",
"and",
"human",
"immunodeficiency",
"virus",
"(",
"HIV",
")",
"serologies",
"were",
"also",
"negative",
",",
"with",
"only",
"anti-HBc",
",",
"anti-HBe",
"and",
"anti-HBs",
"antibody",
"positivity",
"with",
"negative",
"HBsAg",
"antigen",
",",
"which",
"informed",
"us",
"of",
"a",
"past",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"infection",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"findings",
"obtained",
"in",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
"and",
"with",
"a",
"high",
"clinical",
"suspicion",
"of",
"STI",
",",
"a",
"PCR",
"of",
"Treponema",
"pallidum",
"DNA",
"from",
"the",
"exudate",
"of",
"the",
"ulcer",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"turned",
"out",
"to",
"be",
"positive",
".",
"Two",
"weeks",
"after",
"the",
"first",
"visit",
",",
"new",
"serological",
"tests",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"and",
"the",
"total",
"anti-Treponema",
"pallidum",
"and",
"IgM",
"anti-Treponema",
"pallidum",
"antibodies",
"were",
"positive",
",",
"with",
"RPR",
"and",
"FTA",
"remaining",
"negative",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"serological",
"tests",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Primary",
"syphilis",
".",
"Treatment",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"positive",
"PCR",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"taken",
",",
"and",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"positive",
"serology",
"for",
"IgM",
"anti-Treponema",
"pallidum",
"antibodies",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"intramuscular",
"benzathine",
"penicillin",
"in",
"a",
"single",
"dose",
"(",
"2",
".",
"4",
"million",
"units",
")",
".",
"Evolution",
"A",
"few",
"days",
"after",
"administration",
"of",
"intramuscular",
"penicillin",
",",
"the",
"ulcerated",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"penis",
"began",
"to",
"improve",
",",
"leaving",
"a",
"small",
"scar",
"in",
"the",
"balanopreputial",
"sulcus",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "men",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 437,
"end": 440
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 367,
"end": 374
},
{
"text": "FTA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1239,
"end": 1242
},
{
"text": "FTA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1960,
"end": 1963
},
{
"text": "FTA-ABS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1239,
"end": 1246
},
{
"text": "HBsAg",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1505,
"end": 1510
},
{
"text": "microbiota",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 985,
"end": 995
},
{
"text": "HBc",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1444,
"end": 1447
},
{
"text": "HBe",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1454,
"end": 1457
},
{
"text": "HBs",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1467,
"end": 1470
},
{
"text": "Treponema pallidum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2167,
"end": 2185
}
] | en |
A 40-day-old male infant, who after receiving a bottle of formula milk, having been exclusively breastfed until then, presented with generalised urticaria.
History
Personal history:
complications. Apgar 9/10. Birth weight: 3790gr. Normal metabolic tests. Exclusive breastfeeding until 40 days of life. Habitual regurgitator, with normal stools and adequate weight gain.
Family: Mother with atopic dermatitis.
Physical examination: Good general condition BEG, good nutritional and hydration status. Small generalised wheals. Normal cardiac and pulmonary auscultation. Abdomen soft and depressible, not painful, no masses or visceromegaly. Age-appropriate neurological status.
Differential diagnosis
a) Urticaria induced by infections
b) IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy
c) Insect sting urticaria
Although viral infections are the most frequent cause of acute urticaria in children, cutaneous manifestations are associated with other clinical symptoms. Viruses involved include Ebstein-Barr virus, enterovirus, adenovirus, parvovirus and others. Insect stings often give rise to IgE-mediated urticaria, but the antecedent is usually very definite. One of the manifestations of cow's milk protein allergy is urticaria, in IgE-mediated presentations.
EVOLUTION
An oral antihistamine and hydrolysed milk were prescribed due to the APLV symptoms.
The evolution was favourable, with good appetite and adequate weight gain. After drinking cow's milk formula at 8 months of age, he presented generalised urticarial rash with swelling of the lips and went to the emergency department. He eats calves without problems.
Complementary tests at one year: cow's milk specific IgE 33.1 kU/L (Class 4),
Alphalactoalbumin 17.8 kU/L Betalactoglobulin 12.5 kU/L, Casein 22 kU/L. It was decided to continue with a cow's milk protein-free diet.
At the last re-evaluation at 15 months, the skin tests were positive for milk, alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein, so it was decided to continue with the exempt diet and to delay the provocation due to the high probability that it would be positive.
FINAL DIAGNOSIS
Allergy to cow's milk protein IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy
| [
"A",
"40-day-old",
"male",
"infant",
",",
"who",
"after",
"receiving",
"a",
"bottle",
"of",
"formula",
"milk",
",",
"having",
"been",
"exclusively",
"breastfed",
"until",
"then",
",",
"presented",
"with",
"generalised",
"urticaria",
".",
"History",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"complications",
".",
"Apgar",
"9",
"/",
"10",
".",
"Birth",
"weight",
":",
"3790gr",
".",
"Normal",
"metabolic",
"tests",
".",
"Exclusive",
"breastfeeding",
"until",
"40",
"days",
"of",
"life",
".",
"Habitual",
"regurgitator",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"stools",
"and",
"adequate",
"weight",
"gain",
".",
"Family",
":",
"Mother",
"with",
"atopic",
"dermatitis",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
":",
"Good",
"general",
"condition",
"BEG",
",",
"good",
"nutritional",
"and",
"hydration",
"status",
".",
"Small",
"generalised",
"wheals",
".",
"Normal",
"cardiac",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"auscultation",
".",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"not",
"painful",
",",
"no",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
".",
"Age-appropriate",
"neurological",
"status",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"a",
")",
"Urticaria",
"induced",
"by",
"infections",
"b",
")",
"IgE-mediated",
"cow",
"'",
"s",
"milk",
"protein",
"allergy",
"c",
")",
"Insect",
"sting",
"urticaria",
"Although",
"viral",
"infections",
"are",
"the",
"most",
"frequent",
"cause",
"of",
"acute",
"urticaria",
"in",
"children",
",",
"cutaneous",
"manifestations",
"are",
"associated",
"with",
"other",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
".",
"Viruses",
"involved",
"include",
"Ebstein-Barr",
"virus",
",",
"enterovirus",
",",
"adenovirus",
",",
"parvovirus",
"and",
"others",
".",
"Insect",
"stings",
"often",
"give",
"rise",
"to",
"IgE-mediated",
"urticaria",
",",
"but",
"the",
"antecedent",
"is",
"usually",
"very",
"definite",
".",
"One",
"of",
"the",
"manifestations",
"of",
"cow",
"'",
"s",
"milk",
"protein",
"allergy",
"is",
"urticaria",
",",
"in",
"IgE-mediated",
"presentations",
".",
"EVOLUTION",
"An",
"oral",
"antihistamine",
"and",
"hydrolysed",
"milk",
"were",
"prescribed",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"APLV",
"symptoms",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"favourable",
",",
"with",
"good",
"appetite",
"and",
"adequate",
"weight",
"gain",
".",
"After",
"drinking",
"cow",
"'",
"s",
"milk",
"formula",
"at",
"8",
"months",
"of",
"age",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"generalised",
"urticarial",
"rash",
"with",
"swelling",
"of",
"the",
"lips",
"and",
"went",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"He",
"eats",
"calves",
"without",
"problems",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"at",
"one",
"year",
":",
"cow",
"'",
"s",
"milk",
"specific",
"IgE",
"33",
".",
"1",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
"(",
"Class",
"4",
")",
",",
"Alphalactoalbumin",
"17",
".",
"8",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
"Betalactoglobulin",
"12",
".",
"5",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"Casein",
"22",
"kU",
"/",
"L",
".",
"It",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"continue",
"with",
"a",
"cow",
"'",
"s",
"milk",
"protein-free",
"diet",
".",
"At",
"the",
"last",
"re-evaluation",
"at",
"15",
"months",
",",
"the",
"skin",
"tests",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"milk",
",",
"alpha-lactoalbumin",
",",
"beta-lactoglobulin",
"and",
"casein",
",",
"so",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"continue",
"with",
"the",
"exempt",
"diet",
"and",
"to",
"delay",
"the",
"provocation",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"high",
"probability",
"that",
"it",
"would",
"be",
"positive",
".",
"FINAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Allergy",
"to",
"cow",
"'",
"s",
"milk",
"protein",
"IgE-mediated",
"cow",
"'",
"s",
"milk",
"protein",
"allergy"
] | [
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male infant",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 13,
"end": 24
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 165,
"end": 173
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 372,
"end": 378
},
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 380,
"end": 386
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 726,
"end": 736
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 753,
"end": 756
},
{
"text": "Insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 783,
"end": 789
},
{
"text": "Ebstein-Barr",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 988,
"end": 1000
},
{
"text": "adenovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1021,
"end": 1031
},
{
"text": "enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1008,
"end": 1019
},
{
"text": "Insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1056,
"end": 1062
},
{
"text": "children",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 883,
"end": 891
},
{
"text": "parvovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1033,
"end": 1043
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1187,
"end": 1190
},
{
"text": "virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1001,
"end": 1006
},
{
"text": "infections",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 822,
"end": 832
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1444,
"end": 1447
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1654,
"end": 1657
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1806,
"end": 1809
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2129,
"end": 2132
},
{
"text": "cow",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2161,
"end": 2164
}
] | en |
A 46-year-old woman was admitted to hospital in March 2005 for a painful mass in the outer third of the left upper eyelid of 6 months' duration, accompanied by a decrease in ipsilateral visual acuity (VA). The patient reported the development of a similar mass 15 years prior to her admission, which was successfully managed with unspecified medical treatment. The rest of the history was not relevant to the current condition.
Ophthalmological examination revealed a VA of 0.7 in the right eye (OD) and 0.2 in the left eye (OI). In the outer third of the left upper eyelid there was a 4 ¥ 3.5 cm painful mass accompanied by ptosis, inferior displacement of the eyeball on the same side. There was a limitation to levosupraversion of the left eye. Exophthalmometry with base 100 was 17 mm for both eyes. The palpebral aperture was 10 mm in the OD and 4 mm in the OI. Left levator muscle function was limited.
A CT scan of both orbits with axial and coronal slices was requested and showed a cystic looking temporal mass with bony destruction, invading the orbit and displacing the left eyeball downwards, apparently dependent on the frontal sinus.
An aspiration of the mass was performed, from which a dense yellowish liquid was obtained. A smear of the contents showed few Gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains, accompanied by numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and abundant mucus. Treatment with oral ampicillin, dicloxacillin and naproxen and topical sulfacetamide was started.
The patient underwent drainage of the paranasal sinus contents with removal of the sinus wall. Microscopically, haematoxylin and eosin stained slides demonstrated fragments lined by respiratory-type epithelium. Below the epithelium, the wall consisted of a dense connective tissue stroma with areas of haemorrhage mixed with variable clusters of inflammatory infiltrate consisting of mature lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and numerous eosinophils. The diagnosis of frontal sinus mucocele was established. The presence of large numbers of eosinophils as part of the inflammatory infiltrate suggested a probable allergic or hypersensitivity etiology.
| [
"A",
"46-year-old",
"woman",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"hospital",
"in",
"March",
"2005",
"for",
"a",
"painful",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"outer",
"third",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"eyelid",
"of",
"6",
"months",
"'",
"duration",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"ipsilateral",
"visual",
"acuity",
"(",
"VA",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"reported",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"a",
"similar",
"mass",
"15",
"years",
"prior",
"to",
"her",
"admission",
",",
"which",
"was",
"successfully",
"managed",
"with",
"unspecified",
"medical",
"treatment",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"history",
"was",
"not",
"relevant",
"to",
"the",
"current",
"condition",
".",
"Ophthalmological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"VA",
"of",
"0",
".",
"7",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"(",
"OD",
")",
"and",
"0",
".",
"2",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"(",
"OI",
")",
".",
"In",
"the",
"outer",
"third",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"eyelid",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"4",
"¥",
"3",
".",
"5",
"cm",
"painful",
"mass",
"accompanied",
"by",
"ptosis",
",",
"inferior",
"displacement",
"of",
"the",
"eyeball",
"on",
"the",
"same",
"side",
".",
"There",
"was",
"a",
"limitation",
"to",
"levosupraversion",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
".",
"Exophthalmometry",
"with",
"base",
"100",
"was",
"17",
"mm",
"for",
"both",
"eyes",
".",
"The",
"palpebral",
"aperture",
"was",
"10",
"mm",
"in",
"the",
"OD",
"and",
"4",
"mm",
"in",
"the",
"OI",
".",
"Left",
"levator",
"muscle",
"function",
"was",
"limited",
".",
"A",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"both",
"orbits",
"with",
"axial",
"and",
"coronal",
"slices",
"was",
"requested",
"and",
"showed",
"a",
"cystic",
"looking",
"temporal",
"mass",
"with",
"bony",
"destruction",
",",
"invading",
"the",
"orbit",
"and",
"displacing",
"the",
"left",
"eyeball",
"downwards",
",",
"apparently",
"dependent",
"on",
"the",
"frontal",
"sinus",
".",
"An",
"aspiration",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"from",
"which",
"a",
"dense",
"yellowish",
"liquid",
"was",
"obtained",
".",
"A",
"smear",
"of",
"the",
"contents",
"showed",
"few",
"Gram-positive",
"cocci",
"in",
"pairs",
"and",
"chains",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"numerous",
"polymorphonuclear",
"leukocytes",
"and",
"abundant",
"mucus",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"ampicillin",
",",
"dicloxacillin",
"and",
"naproxen",
"and",
"topical",
"sulfacetamide",
"was",
"started",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"underwent",
"drainage",
"of",
"the",
"paranasal",
"sinus",
"contents",
"with",
"removal",
"of",
"the",
"sinus",
"wall",
".",
"Microscopically",
",",
"haematoxylin",
"and",
"eosin",
"stained",
"slides",
"demonstrated",
"fragments",
"lined",
"by",
"respiratory-type",
"epithelium",
".",
"Below",
"the",
"epithelium",
",",
"the",
"wall",
"consisted",
"of",
"a",
"dense",
"connective",
"tissue",
"stroma",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"haemorrhage",
"mixed",
"with",
"variable",
"clusters",
"of",
"inflammatory",
"infiltrate",
"consisting",
"of",
"mature",
"lymphocytes",
",",
"plasma",
"cells",
",",
"polymorphonuclear",
"leukocytes",
"and",
"numerous",
"eosinophils",
".",
"The",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"frontal",
"sinus",
"mucocele",
"was",
"established",
".",
"The",
"presence",
"of",
"large",
"numbers",
"of",
"eosinophils",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"inflammatory",
"infiltrate",
"suggested",
"a",
"probable",
"allergic",
"or",
"hypersensitivity",
"etiology",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 210,
"end": 217
},
{
"text": "Gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1274,
"end": 1313
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1490,
"end": 1497
}
] | en |
We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia and trigeminal neuralgia who came to the emergency department with sudden, non-painful loss of vision in the left eye that had developed over several days. Ophthalmological examination revealed a hyperemic papilla in the left eye fundus, more evident in the nasal area, with amputation of the upper vessels and peripapillary oedema; isochoric pupils; relative afferent pupillary defect (ARPD); and a central and superior altitudinal campimetric defect in the visual field examination by confrontation. Visual acuity (VA) in the right eye was 1 and in the left eye less than 20/400. The right eye did not show any alterations. C-reactive protein (CRP) and activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) were slightly elevated and the cranial CT scan was normal. She was admitted for systemic study with the diagnosis of suspected optic neuritis of the left eye, probably non-arteritic anterior ischaemic. The patient had residual erythematous lesions on the abdomen of infectious or toxic origin. She also suffered from asthenia, mandibular claudication and generalised muscle pain and had no fever. On examination, a venereal disease was discovered in the spouse 2 years ago (genital ulcerated lesion that resolved with treatment). Neurological involvement manifested as isochoric pupils and left DPAR. Colour vision was preserved. There was no ocular pain with globe movements or on palpation.
Visual evoked potentials showed asymmetry of amplitude and latency at the expense of the left eye compatible with left optic neuropathy. MRI was normal. Echo-Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks showed minimal bilateral atherosclerotic changes with small plaques in the carotid bulb with no signs of significant stenosis.
Differential diagnosis
The patient's clinical manifestations and examination showed a left anterior optic neuropathy of possible non-arteritic ischaemic origin that had to be confirmed with further complementary tests. The involvement of the optic nerve with the appearance of the generalised exanthema led us to consider a toxic-infectious disorder, specifically secondary syphilis given her partner's history of possible chancroid two years ago. Another entity within the differential diagnosis was giant cell arteritis as she presented with frequent headaches and mandibular claudication. Antiphospholipid syndrome should also be in mind because of the possibility of optic nerve involvement due to a thromboembolic phenomenon.
Evolution
Regarding laboratory tests, there were positive results in serology for lues (positive Treponema pallidum IgG + IgM (QL) antibodies, positive FTA-Abs-Ig, RPR 1/16), and in autoimmunity anticardiolipin antibodies. The rest, including haemogram, biochemistry, ESR, autoimmunity study, vitamin B12 levels, thyroid function, angiotensin converting enzyme levels, serology (Brucella, HBV, HCV, HIV) within normality with negative Mantoux. Neurological disorders were ruled out by lumbar puncture and CSF analysis with negative FTA-Abs total Ig serology. Based on the above, it was concluded that the patient had papillitis, compatible with secondary syphilis. Therefore, she received 4,000,000 IU of intravenous penicillin G sodium every 4 hours for 14 days with partial resolution of the visual symptoms and complete disappearance of the dermatological symptoms, with subsequent development of secondary papillary and macular atrophy and micropsia. Residual VA in the left eye was 20/60. RPR has decreased, total FTA-Abs Ig and anticardiolipin antibodies were negative.
Final diagnosis
Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuritis caused by secondary syphilis.
| [
"We",
"describe",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"66-year-old",
"woman",
"with",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
"and",
"trigeminal",
"neuralgia",
"who",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"sudden",
",",
"non-painful",
"loss",
"of",
"vision",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"that",
"had",
"developed",
"over",
"several",
"days",
".",
"Ophthalmological",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"hyperemic",
"papilla",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"fundus",
",",
"more",
"evident",
"in",
"the",
"nasal",
"area",
",",
"with",
"amputation",
"of",
"the",
"upper",
"vessels",
"and",
"peripapillary",
"oedema",
";",
"isochoric",
"pupils",
";",
"relative",
"afferent",
"pupillary",
"defect",
"(",
"ARPD",
")",
";",
"and",
"a",
"central",
"and",
"superior",
"altitudinal",
"campimetric",
"defect",
"in",
"the",
"visual",
"field",
"examination",
"by",
"confrontation",
".",
"Visual",
"acuity",
"(",
"VA",
")",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"was",
"1",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"less",
"than",
"20",
"/",
"400",
".",
"The",
"right",
"eye",
"did",
"not",
"show",
"any",
"alterations",
".",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"(",
"CRP",
")",
"and",
"activated",
"thromboplastin",
"time",
"(",
"aPTT",
")",
"were",
"slightly",
"elevated",
"and",
"the",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"She",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"systemic",
"study",
"with",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"suspected",
"optic",
"neuritis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
",",
"probably",
"non-arteritic",
"anterior",
"ischaemic",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"residual",
"erythematous",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"abdomen",
"of",
"infectious",
"or",
"toxic",
"origin",
".",
"She",
"also",
"suffered",
"from",
"asthenia",
",",
"mandibular",
"claudication",
"and",
"generalised",
"muscle",
"pain",
"and",
"had",
"no",
"fever",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"a",
"venereal",
"disease",
"was",
"discovered",
"in",
"the",
"spouse",
"2",
"years",
"ago",
"(",
"genital",
"ulcerated",
"lesion",
"that",
"resolved",
"with",
"treatment",
")",
".",
"Neurological",
"involvement",
"manifested",
"as",
"isochoric",
"pupils",
"and",
"left",
"DPAR",
".",
"Colour",
"vision",
"was",
"preserved",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"ocular",
"pain",
"with",
"globe",
"movements",
"or",
"on",
"palpation",
".",
"Visual",
"evoked",
"potentials",
"showed",
"asymmetry",
"of",
"amplitude",
"and",
"latency",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"compatible",
"with",
"left",
"optic",
"neuropathy",
".",
"MRI",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Echo-Doppler",
"ultrasound",
"of",
"the",
"supra-aortic",
"trunks",
"showed",
"minimal",
"bilateral",
"atherosclerotic",
"changes",
"with",
"small",
"plaques",
"in",
"the",
"carotid",
"bulb",
"with",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"significant",
"stenosis",
".",
"Differential",
"diagnosis",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"and",
"examination",
"showed",
"a",
"left",
"anterior",
"optic",
"neuropathy",
"of",
"possible",
"non-arteritic",
"ischaemic",
"origin",
"that",
"had",
"to",
"be",
"confirmed",
"with",
"further",
"complementary",
"tests",
".",
"The",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"optic",
"nerve",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"the",
"generalised",
"exanthema",
"led",
"us",
"to",
"consider",
"a",
"toxic-infectious",
"disorder",
",",
"specifically",
"secondary",
"syphilis",
"given",
"her",
"partner",
"'",
"s",
"history",
"of",
"possible",
"chancroid",
"two",
"years",
"ago",
".",
"Another",
"entity",
"within",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"giant",
"cell",
"arteritis",
"as",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"frequent",
"headaches",
"and",
"mandibular",
"claudication",
".",
"Antiphospholipid",
"syndrome",
"should",
"also",
"be",
"in",
"mind",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"optic",
"nerve",
"involvement",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"thromboembolic",
"phenomenon",
".",
"Evolution",
"Regarding",
"laboratory",
"tests",
",",
"there",
"were",
"positive",
"results",
"in",
"serology",
"for",
"lues",
"(",
"positive",
"Treponema",
"pallidum",
"IgG",
"+",
"IgM",
"(",
"QL",
")",
"antibodies",
",",
"positive",
"FTA-Abs-Ig",
",",
"RPR",
"1",
"/",
"16",
")",
",",
"and",
"in",
"autoimmunity",
"anticardiolipin",
"antibodies",
".",
"The",
"rest",
",",
"including",
"haemogram",
",",
"biochemistry",
",",
"ESR",
",",
"autoimmunity",
"study",
",",
"vitamin",
"B12",
"levels",
",",
"thyroid",
"function",
",",
"angiotensin",
"converting",
"enzyme",
"levels",
",",
"serology",
"(",
"Brucella",
",",
"HBV",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"HIV",
")",
"within",
"normality",
"with",
"negative",
"Mantoux",
".",
"Neurological",
"disorders",
"were",
"ruled",
"out",
"by",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"and",
"CSF",
"analysis",
"with",
"negative",
"FTA-Abs",
"total",
"Ig",
"serology",
".",
"Based",
"on",
"the",
"above",
",",
"it",
"was",
"concluded",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"papillitis",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"secondary",
"syphilis",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"she",
"received",
"4",
",",
"000",
",",
"000",
"IU",
"of",
"intravenous",
"penicillin",
"G",
"sodium",
"every",
"4",
"hours",
"for",
"14",
"days",
"with",
"partial",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"visual",
"symptoms",
"and",
"complete",
"disappearance",
"of",
"the",
"dermatological",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"subsequent",
"development",
"of",
"secondary",
"papillary",
"and",
"macular",
"atrophy",
"and",
"micropsia",
".",
"Residual",
"VA",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"was",
"20",
"/",
"60",
".",
"RPR",
"has",
"decreased",
",",
"total",
"FTA-Abs",
"Ig",
"and",
"anticardiolipin",
"antibodies",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Final",
"diagnosis",
"Non-arteritic",
"anterior",
"ischaemic",
"optic",
"neuritis",
"caused",
"by",
"secondary",
"syphilis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 38,
"end": 43
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 984,
"end": 991
},
{
"text": "spouse",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1232,
"end": 1238
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1831,
"end": 1838
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2197,
"end": 2204
},
{
"text": "lues",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2618,
"end": 2622
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3141,
"end": 3148
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
The patient is a 58-year-old woman, with no toxic habits, with a personal history of allergic asthma and anxious syndrome being followed up by Psychiatry and being treated with bromazepam, paroxetine and escitalopram. Surgical history: appendectomy, saphenectomy.
Brought by her relatives to the Emergency Department due to confusional symptoms and cognitive deterioration of several days' evolution. The family reported that the patient presented progressive cognitive deterioration of three weeks' duration, accompanied in the last few days by memory impairment, visual hallucinations and self-injurious thoughts. In addition, she presented the appearance of a right submandibular tumour of several months' evolution that has progressively increased in size with no other accompanying symptoms.
Physical examination
ECOG 1. Conscious and oriented. Palpation of a mass in the right mandibular angle with a hard, non-painful consistency, without peripheral adenopathies. Neurological examination showed bradypsychia, tremor in the upper limbs without loss of strength, amnesia and body dysaesthesia, no other neurological focality was observed and the rest of the physical examination was normal.
Complementary tests
- BLOOD ANALYTICS: no alterations. Urine toxins were negative.
- THYROID AND NECK ULTRASOUND,
In the right cervical region coinciding with a palpable lesion, solid infiltrative lymph node lesions were seen, the largest of 3.8 cm in diameter, the largest heterogeneous.
- NECK CT SCAN: Laterocervical mass medial to the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and lateral to the main cervical vessels which it displaces medially, approximately 3.1 cm in anteroposterior diameter and 2.3 cm in transverse diameter with heterogeneous contrast uptake suggestive of metastatic adenomegaly, in addition the posterior contour of the base of the tongue on its left side appears protruding, asymmetrical with respect to the contralateral one.
- FIBROBRONCOSCOPY: At the level of the right glossopharyngeal fold a rough image is observed, a biopsy is taken without evidence of malignant cells.
- Cranial CT: No findings suggestive of acute intracranial pathology.
- FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION PUNCTURE (FNA) of right laterocervical mass: Infiltration of poorly differentiated carcinoma.
Immunohistochemical study: Positive for CK AE1/AE2 and CD 56, focal positive for CK 7 and CK 5/6, negative for CK 20, Vimentin and CD 45.
- PET-CT: Confirms the presence of 36 mm single major axis adenopathy with pathological SUVmax.
Diagnosis
Metastatic adenopathic undifferentiated metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin (probable ENT area).
Treatment
A right radical emptying was performed, removing a right subdigastric lymph node bundle, which infiltrated the internal jugular vein, with removal of 3 positive nodes for poorly differentiated carcinoma.
Pathology results: Poorly differentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry: Positive for PAN-CK, EMA, P63 and focally and faintly for CD10. and negative for CK7, CK20, TTF1, RE, VIMENTIN, CD45, ALK, CDK5/6, CK34BE12 and S100.
In view of the diagnosis of metastatic undifferentiated adenopathic metastatic carcinoma of probable otorhinolaryngological origin, chemotherapy treatment with Carboplatin at a weekly dose of area under the curve of 2 (AUC 2) and concomitant radiotherapy was proposed.
Evolution
In the days following the surgery, prior to the start of treatment, she presented a clinical worsening with progressive memory impairment, insomnia with parasomnias and significant bradypsychia and bradykinesia with the appearance of paralysis of the left facial nerve. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was requested, with findings suggestive of limbic encephalitis with bilateral and symmetrical involvement of the amygdala and hippocampus.
An aetiological study was started with an autoimmunity panel (antiphysin antibodies, CV2, PNMA2 Anti Ri, Anti Yo, Anti Hu) and serology (HIV 1 and 2, Syphilis and Hepatitis) and determination of Vitamin B12 and folic acid as well as lumbar puncture with bacteriological determination, enterovirus and herpes virus, all with normal results, thus ruling out autoimmune and infectious causes.
The patient started adjuvant treatment with Carboplatin AUC 2 weekly concomitant with IMRT radiotherapy receiving a total of 60 Gy on gagglionic levels Ib, II, III and V and a total of 54 Gy on high II and IV right ganglionic levels. She presented as relevant toxicity G2 dermitis.
After the start of treatment, the patient showed progressive improvement in her symptoms, but persisted with slight left facial paralysis, tremor in the right upper limb, amnesia and dysaesthesia, and improvement in memory disorders, visual hallucinations and bradykinesia.
Brain MRI was performed two months after diagnosis, showing improvement of the encephalitis without evidence of foci with anomalous uptake.
The patient showed progressive improvement in symptoms and currently only has persistent tremor in the right upper limb. She continues regular check-ups at the Medical Oncology Department, with no evidence of relapse after 12 months of follow-up.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"The",
"patient",
"is",
"a",
"58-year-old",
"woman",
",",
"with",
"no",
"toxic",
"habits",
",",
"with",
"a",
"personal",
"history",
"of",
"allergic",
"asthma",
"and",
"anxious",
"syndrome",
"being",
"followed",
"up",
"by",
"Psychiatry",
"and",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"bromazepam",
",",
"paroxetine",
"and",
"escitalopram",
".",
"Surgical",
"history",
":",
"appendectomy",
",",
"saphenectomy",
".",
"Brought",
"by",
"her",
"relatives",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"due",
"to",
"confusional",
"symptoms",
"and",
"cognitive",
"deterioration",
"of",
"several",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
".",
"The",
"family",
"reported",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"progressive",
"cognitive",
"deterioration",
"of",
"three",
"weeks",
"'",
"duration",
",",
"accompanied",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"few",
"days",
"by",
"memory",
"impairment",
",",
"visual",
"hallucinations",
"and",
"self-injurious",
"thoughts",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"a",
"right",
"submandibular",
"tumour",
"of",
"several",
"months",
"'",
"evolution",
"that",
"has",
"progressively",
"increased",
"in",
"size",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"accompanying",
"symptoms",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"ECOG",
"1",
".",
"Conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
".",
"Palpation",
"of",
"a",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"mandibular",
"angle",
"with",
"a",
"hard",
",",
"non-painful",
"consistency",
",",
"without",
"peripheral",
"adenopathies",
".",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"showed",
"bradypsychia",
",",
"tremor",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"limbs",
"without",
"loss",
"of",
"strength",
",",
"amnesia",
"and",
"body",
"dysaesthesia",
",",
"no",
"other",
"neurological",
"focality",
"was",
"observed",
"and",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"physical",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"BLOOD",
"ANALYTICS",
":",
"no",
"alterations",
".",
"Urine",
"toxins",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"THYROID",
"AND",
"NECK",
"ULTRASOUND",
",",
"In",
"the",
"right",
"cervical",
"region",
"coinciding",
"with",
"a",
"palpable",
"lesion",
",",
"solid",
"infiltrative",
"lymph",
"node",
"lesions",
"were",
"seen",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"of",
"3",
".",
"8",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"heterogeneous",
".",
"-",
"NECK",
"CT",
"SCAN",
":",
"Laterocervical",
"mass",
"medial",
"to",
"the",
"right",
"sternocleidomastoid",
"muscle",
"and",
"lateral",
"to",
"the",
"main",
"cervical",
"vessels",
"which",
"it",
"displaces",
"medially",
",",
"approximately",
"3",
".",
"1",
"cm",
"in",
"anteroposterior",
"diameter",
"and",
"2",
".",
"3",
"cm",
"in",
"transverse",
"diameter",
"with",
"heterogeneous",
"contrast",
"uptake",
"suggestive",
"of",
"metastatic",
"adenomegaly",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"the",
"posterior",
"contour",
"of",
"the",
"base",
"of",
"the",
"tongue",
"on",
"its",
"left",
"side",
"appears",
"protruding",
",",
"asymmetrical",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"the",
"contralateral",
"one",
".",
"-",
"FIBROBRONCOSCOPY",
":",
"At",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"glossopharyngeal",
"fold",
"a",
"rough",
"image",
"is",
"observed",
",",
"a",
"biopsy",
"is",
"taken",
"without",
"evidence",
"of",
"malignant",
"cells",
".",
"-",
"Cranial",
"CT",
":",
"No",
"findings",
"suggestive",
"of",
"acute",
"intracranial",
"pathology",
".",
"-",
"FINE",
"NEEDLE",
"ASPIRATION",
"PUNCTURE",
"(",
"FNA",
")",
"of",
"right",
"laterocervical",
"mass",
":",
"Infiltration",
"of",
"poorly",
"differentiated",
"carcinoma",
".",
"Immunohistochemical",
"study",
":",
"Positive",
"for",
"CK",
"AE1",
"/",
"AE2",
"and",
"CD",
"56",
",",
"focal",
"positive",
"for",
"CK",
"7",
"and",
"CK",
"5",
"/",
"6",
",",
"negative",
"for",
"CK",
"20",
",",
"Vimentin",
"and",
"CD",
"45",
".",
"-",
"PET-CT",
":",
"Confirms",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"36",
"mm",
"single",
"major",
"axis",
"adenopathy",
"with",
"pathological",
"SUVmax",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Metastatic",
"adenopathic",
"undifferentiated",
"metastatic",
"carcinoma",
"of",
"unknown",
"origin",
"(",
"probable",
"ENT",
"area",
")",
".",
"Treatment",
"A",
"right",
"radical",
"emptying",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"removing",
"a",
"right",
"subdigastric",
"lymph",
"node",
"bundle",
",",
"which",
"infiltrated",
"the",
"internal",
"jugular",
"vein",
",",
"with",
"removal",
"of",
"3",
"positive",
"nodes",
"for",
"poorly",
"differentiated",
"carcinoma",
".",
"Pathology",
"results",
":",
"Poorly",
"differentiated",
"carcinoma",
".",
"Immunohistochemistry",
":",
"Positive",
"for",
"PAN-CK",
",",
"EMA",
",",
"P63",
"and",
"focally",
"and",
"faintly",
"for",
"CD10",
".",
"and",
"negative",
"for",
"CK7",
",",
"CK20",
",",
"TTF1",
",",
"RE",
",",
"VIMENTIN",
",",
"CD45",
",",
"ALK",
",",
"CDK5",
"/",
"6",
",",
"CK34BE12",
"and",
"S100",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"metastatic",
"undifferentiated",
"adenopathic",
"metastatic",
"carcinoma",
"of",
"probable",
"otorhinolaryngological",
"origin",
",",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
"with",
"Carboplatin",
"at",
"a",
"weekly",
"dose",
"of",
"area",
"under",
"the",
"curve",
"of",
"2",
"(",
"AUC",
"2",
")",
"and",
"concomitant",
"radiotherapy",
"was",
"proposed",
".",
"Evolution",
"In",
"the",
"days",
"following",
"the",
"surgery",
",",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"a",
"clinical",
"worsening",
"with",
"progressive",
"memory",
"impairment",
",",
"insomnia",
"with",
"parasomnias",
"and",
"significant",
"bradypsychia",
"and",
"bradykinesia",
"with",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"paralysis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"facial",
"nerve",
".",
"Magnetic",
"Resonance",
"Imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"with",
"findings",
"suggestive",
"of",
"limbic",
"encephalitis",
"with",
"bilateral",
"and",
"symmetrical",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"amygdala",
"and",
"hippocampus",
".",
"An",
"aetiological",
"study",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"an",
"autoimmunity",
"panel",
"(",
"antiphysin",
"antibodies",
",",
"CV2",
",",
"PNMA2",
"Anti",
"Ri",
",",
"Anti",
"Yo",
",",
"Anti",
"Hu",
")",
"and",
"serology",
"(",
"HIV",
"1",
"and",
"2",
",",
"Syphilis",
"and",
"Hepatitis",
")",
"and",
"determination",
"of",
"Vitamin",
"B12",
"and",
"folic",
"acid",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"with",
"bacteriological",
"determination",
",",
"enterovirus",
"and",
"herpes",
"virus",
",",
"all",
"with",
"normal",
"results",
",",
"thus",
"ruling",
"out",
"autoimmune",
"and",
"infectious",
"causes",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"started",
"adjuvant",
"treatment",
"with",
"Carboplatin",
"AUC",
"2",
"weekly",
"concomitant",
"with",
"IMRT",
"radiotherapy",
"receiving",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"60",
"Gy",
"on",
"gagglionic",
"levels",
"Ib",
",",
"II",
",",
"III",
"and",
"V",
"and",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"54",
"Gy",
"on",
"high",
"II",
"and",
"IV",
"right",
"ganglionic",
"levels",
".",
"She",
"presented",
"as",
"relevant",
"toxicity",
"G2",
"dermitis",
".",
"After",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"showed",
"progressive",
"improvement",
"in",
"her",
"symptoms",
",",
"but",
"persisted",
"with",
"slight",
"left",
"facial",
"paralysis",
",",
"tremor",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"limb",
",",
"amnesia",
"and",
"dysaesthesia",
",",
"and",
"improvement",
"in",
"memory",
"disorders",
",",
"visual",
"hallucinations",
"and",
"bradykinesia",
".",
"Brain",
"MRI",
"was",
"performed",
"two",
"months",
"after",
"diagnosis",
",",
"showing",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"encephalitis",
"without",
"evidence",
"of",
"foci",
"with",
"anomalous",
"uptake",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"showed",
"progressive",
"improvement",
"in",
"symptoms",
"and",
"currently",
"only",
"has",
"persistent",
"tremor",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"limb",
".",
"She",
"continues",
"regular",
"check-ups",
"at",
"the",
"Medical",
"Oncology",
"Department",
",",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"relapse",
"after",
"12",
"months",
"of",
"follow-up",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 39,
"end": 44
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 21
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 75,
"end": 83
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 415,
"end": 421
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 289,
"end": 298
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 440,
"end": 447
},
{
"text": "Syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3951,
"end": 3959
},
{
"text": "HIV 1",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3938,
"end": 3943
},
{
"text": "enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4086,
"end": 4097
},
{
"text": "HIV 1 and 2",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3938,
"end": 3949
},
{
"text": "Hepatitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3964,
"end": 3973
},
{
"text": "bacteriological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4055,
"end": 4070
},
{
"text": "herpes virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4102,
"end": 4114
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4195,
"end": 4202
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4507,
"end": 4514
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4891,
"end": 4898
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
Male, 69 years old. Personal history: arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, hypertensive heart disease and prostate adenoma. No diabetes mellitus or hypercholesterolemia. Non-smoker. Family history: mother with senile dementia. He was being treated with feladipine, digoxin and amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide. He consulted Neurology for a progressive clinical picture of 2 years' evolution consisting of insecurity when walking, with imbalance, especially when turning. She also had a tingling sensation in her legs starting at the knee. She reports pain in the lower back, but not in the legs. She does not describe clumsiness in fine motor movements. No dysphagia or dysphonia. She has not had any falls. Although he lives in a village, he has not been in contact with domestic animals and does not remember bites. Years ago he worked as a truck driver transporting animals.
Physical examination
Blood pressure 140/90 mmHg, with a heart rate of 60 bpm. Normal cardiac and pulmonary auscultation. Good general condition. Good colour of skin and mucous membranes. No skin lesions. Higher functions preserved. Extrinsic eye movements without limitation. Pupils isochoric and normoreactive. Normal ocular fundus. No facial asymmetry. Rest of cranial nerves normal. Distal hypopalaesthesia in the right lower extremity. Mild dysaesthesia in the upper and lower extremities. Symmetrical bimalleolar oedema ++/++++ with fovea. Mild claudication of the right upper extremity in the form of Barré pronation. No dysmetry in the finger-nose test. Osteotendinous reflexes 2/4 symmetrical, except for abolished Achilles and patellar 1/4. Bilateral Babinski's sign. Gait with increased base of support. Mild instability in tandem gait. Claudication of the left lower limb when walking on tiptoe.
Complementary tests
- A brain MRI scan was performed, which showed a significant bihemispheric leukoaraiosis, mainly affecting the semioval centres and the coronae radiata, as well as the periventricular region in the frontal and occipital horns, suggestive of arteriolosclerotic encephalopathy. Brain MRI: significant bihemispheric leukoaraiosis compatible with small vessel disease (arteriosclerotic encephalopathy).
- The neurophysiological study with EMG and conduction velocities revealed a discrete sensory-motor polyneuropathy of an axonal demyelinating nature and symmetrical distribution in the distal segments of both lower limbs.
- Laboratory tests aimed at an aetiological study of the polyneuropathy were performed, including general biochemistry; glycosylated haemoglobin; haemogram; liver, kidney and thyroid function tests; lipid profile; vitamin B12 and folic acid; and autoimmunity study (rheumatoid factor, immunofixation in serum and urine, anti-DNA, anticardiolipin, anti-Hu, ANA, ENA, ANCA, ECA antibodies), which was normal. Serum serology was also requested for Lyme disease, syphilis, hepatitis C and HIV, all of which were negative except for Lyme serology which was positive (positive IgG + IgM enzyme immunoassay: 1.05).
- A lumbar puncture was performed and a cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry study was requested (glucose 50 mg/dl, protein 47.9 mg/dl, 0 cells), as well as virological and bacteriological culture and syphilis serology, which were negative.
- The study was completed with a thoracic-abdominal CT scan in which only the presence of a nodule of about 5 mm in the left upper lobe stood out, and a follow-up examination was recommended.
- The neurophysiological study was completed with somatosensory evoked potentials which showed an increase in latencies at the expense of the peripheral components.
Diagnosis
Axonal demyelising sensory-motor polyneuropathy in association with Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis). Small vessel ischaemic cerebrovascular disease. Arterial hypertension. Hypertensive heart disease. Atrial fibrillation. 5 mm pulmonary nodule with no change in evolutionary control.
Treatment
Ceftriaxone 2 g intravenous for 14 days and then doxycycline 100 g orally every 12 hours for another 14 days. Due to the patient's cerebral vascular pathology, antiplatelet treatment was also associated with triflusal 300 mg.
Evolution
After treatment, the patient reported an improvement in the sensation of leg corkiness and felt more stable when walking. A study of EMG and conduction velocities 3 months after starting the medication also showed neurophysiological improvement.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"Male",
",",
"69",
"years",
"old",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"atrial",
"fibrillation",
",",
"hypertensive",
"heart",
"disease",
"and",
"prostate",
"adenoma",
".",
"No",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"or",
"hypercholesterolemia",
".",
"Non-smoker",
".",
"Family",
"history",
":",
"mother",
"with",
"senile",
"dementia",
".",
"He",
"was",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"feladipine",
",",
"digoxin",
"and",
"amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide",
".",
"He",
"consulted",
"Neurology",
"for",
"a",
"progressive",
"clinical",
"picture",
"of",
"2",
"years",
"'",
"evolution",
"consisting",
"of",
"insecurity",
"when",
"walking",
",",
"with",
"imbalance",
",",
"especially",
"when",
"turning",
".",
"She",
"also",
"had",
"a",
"tingling",
"sensation",
"in",
"her",
"legs",
"starting",
"at",
"the",
"knee",
".",
"She",
"reports",
"pain",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"back",
",",
"but",
"not",
"in",
"the",
"legs",
".",
"She",
"does",
"not",
"describe",
"clumsiness",
"in",
"fine",
"motor",
"movements",
".",
"No",
"dysphagia",
"or",
"dysphonia",
".",
"She",
"has",
"not",
"had",
"any",
"falls",
".",
"Although",
"he",
"lives",
"in",
"a",
"village",
",",
"he",
"has",
"not",
"been",
"in",
"contact",
"with",
"domestic",
"animals",
"and",
"does",
"not",
"remember",
"bites",
".",
"Years",
"ago",
"he",
"worked",
"as",
"a",
"truck",
"driver",
"transporting",
"animals",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"140",
"/",
"90",
"mmHg",
",",
"with",
"a",
"heart",
"rate",
"of",
"60",
"bpm",
".",
"Normal",
"cardiac",
"and",
"pulmonary",
"auscultation",
".",
"Good",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"Good",
"colour",
"of",
"skin",
"and",
"mucous",
"membranes",
".",
"No",
"skin",
"lesions",
".",
"Higher",
"functions",
"preserved",
".",
"Extrinsic",
"eye",
"movements",
"without",
"limitation",
".",
"Pupils",
"isochoric",
"and",
"normoreactive",
".",
"Normal",
"ocular",
"fundus",
".",
"No",
"facial",
"asymmetry",
".",
"Rest",
"of",
"cranial",
"nerves",
"normal",
".",
"Distal",
"hypopalaesthesia",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"extremity",
".",
"Mild",
"dysaesthesia",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"and",
"lower",
"extremities",
".",
"Symmetrical",
"bimalleolar",
"oedema",
"+",
"+",
"/",
"+",
"+",
"+",
"+",
"with",
"fovea",
".",
"Mild",
"claudication",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"extremity",
"in",
"the",
"form",
"of",
"Barré",
"pronation",
".",
"No",
"dysmetry",
"in",
"the",
"finger-nose",
"test",
".",
"Osteotendinous",
"reflexes",
"2",
"/",
"4",
"symmetrical",
",",
"except",
"for",
"abolished",
"Achilles",
"and",
"patellar",
"1",
"/",
"4",
".",
"Bilateral",
"Babinski",
"'",
"s",
"sign",
".",
"Gait",
"with",
"increased",
"base",
"of",
"support",
".",
"Mild",
"instability",
"in",
"tandem",
"gait",
".",
"Claudication",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"limb",
"when",
"walking",
"on",
"tiptoe",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"A",
"brain",
"MRI",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"a",
"significant",
"bihemispheric",
"leukoaraiosis",
",",
"mainly",
"affecting",
"the",
"semioval",
"centres",
"and",
"the",
"coronae",
"radiata",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"periventricular",
"region",
"in",
"the",
"frontal",
"and",
"occipital",
"horns",
",",
"suggestive",
"of",
"arteriolosclerotic",
"encephalopathy",
".",
"Brain",
"MRI",
":",
"significant",
"bihemispheric",
"leukoaraiosis",
"compatible",
"with",
"small",
"vessel",
"disease",
"(",
"arteriosclerotic",
"encephalopathy",
")",
".",
"-",
"The",
"neurophysiological",
"study",
"with",
"EMG",
"and",
"conduction",
"velocities",
"revealed",
"a",
"discrete",
"sensory-motor",
"polyneuropathy",
"of",
"an",
"axonal",
"demyelinating",
"nature",
"and",
"symmetrical",
"distribution",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"segments",
"of",
"both",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"-",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"aimed",
"at",
"an",
"aetiological",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"polyneuropathy",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"including",
"general",
"biochemistry",
";",
"glycosylated",
"haemoglobin",
";",
"haemogram",
";",
"liver",
",",
"kidney",
"and",
"thyroid",
"function",
"tests",
";",
"lipid",
"profile",
";",
"vitamin",
"B12",
"and",
"folic",
"acid",
";",
"and",
"autoimmunity",
"study",
"(",
"rheumatoid",
"factor",
",",
"immunofixation",
"in",
"serum",
"and",
"urine",
",",
"anti-DNA",
",",
"anticardiolipin",
",",
"anti-Hu",
",",
"ANA",
",",
"ENA",
",",
"ANCA",
",",
"ECA",
"antibodies",
")",
",",
"which",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Serum",
"serology",
"was",
"also",
"requested",
"for",
"Lyme",
"disease",
",",
"syphilis",
",",
"hepatitis",
"C",
"and",
"HIV",
",",
"all",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
"except",
"for",
"Lyme",
"serology",
"which",
"was",
"positive",
"(",
"positive",
"IgG",
"+",
"IgM",
"enzyme",
"immunoassay",
":",
"1",
".",
"05",
")",
".",
"-",
"A",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"a",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"biochemistry",
"study",
"was",
"requested",
"(",
"glucose",
"50",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"protein",
"47",
".",
"9",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"0",
"cells",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"virological",
"and",
"bacteriological",
"culture",
"and",
"syphilis",
"serology",
",",
"which",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"a",
"thoracic-abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"in",
"which",
"only",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"nodule",
"of",
"about",
"5",
"mm",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
"stood",
"out",
",",
"and",
"a",
"follow-up",
"examination",
"was",
"recommended",
".",
"-",
"The",
"neurophysiological",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"somatosensory",
"evoked",
"potentials",
"which",
"showed",
"an",
"increase",
"in",
"latencies",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"the",
"peripheral",
"components",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Axonal",
"demyelising",
"sensory-motor",
"polyneuropathy",
"in",
"association",
"with",
"Lyme",
"disease",
"(",
"neuroborreliosis",
")",
".",
"Small",
"vessel",
"ischaemic",
"cerebrovascular",
"disease",
".",
"Arterial",
"hypertension",
".",
"Hypertensive",
"heart",
"disease",
".",
"Atrial",
"fibrillation",
".",
"5",
"mm",
"pulmonary",
"nodule",
"with",
"no",
"change",
"in",
"evolutionary",
"control",
".",
"Treatment",
"Ceftriaxone",
"2",
"g",
"intravenous",
"for",
"14",
"days",
"and",
"then",
"doxycycline",
"100",
"g",
"orally",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"another",
"14",
"days",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"cerebral",
"vascular",
"pathology",
",",
"antiplatelet",
"treatment",
"was",
"also",
"associated",
"with",
"triflusal",
"300",
"mg",
".",
"Evolution",
"After",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"an",
"improvement",
"in",
"the",
"sensation",
"of",
"leg",
"corkiness",
"and",
"felt",
"more",
"stable",
"when",
"walking",
".",
"A",
"study",
"of",
"EMG",
"and",
"conduction",
"velocities",
"3",
"months",
"after",
"starting",
"the",
"medication",
"also",
"showed",
"neurophysiological",
"improvement",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10,
"end": 14
},
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 795,
"end": 802
},
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 883,
"end": 890
},
{
"text": "truck driver",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 857,
"end": 869
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 199,
"end": 205
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 215,
"end": 221
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 30,
"end": 38
},
{
"text": "domestic animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 786,
"end": 802
},
{
"text": "Lyme",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2887,
"end": 2891
},
{
"text": "Lyme",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2970,
"end": 2974
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2927,
"end": 2930
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2901,
"end": 2909
},
{
"text": "hepatitis C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2911,
"end": 2922
},
{
"text": "bacteriological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3219,
"end": 3234
},
{
"text": "syphilis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3247,
"end": 3255
},
{
"text": "virological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3203,
"end": 3214
},
{
"text": "Lyme",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3723,
"end": 3727
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4070,
"end": 4077
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4207,
"end": 4214
}
] | en |
A girl aged two years and ten months with a history of atopic dermatitis attended the emergency department for skin lesions on the trunk and generalised pruritus of 12 hours' duration. She was afebrile, with no other symptoms. Physical examination revealed erythematous, non-confluent lesions on the trunk, assessed as haematous and evanescent, as well as the presence of tonsillar exudate. The rapid streptococcus test in the pharynx was negative. The patient was diagnosed with acute parainfectious urticaria and pharyngotonsillitis of probable viral aetiology.
After 36 hours of evolution, the patient returned due to progressive skin involvement, with pruritic erythematodecamative lesions in the periocular and periorbital regions and in patchy plaques on the trunk and large folds, together with areas of superinfection and scratching lesions on the trunk. The pharyngeal exudate persists, she remains afebrile and complains of pain on picking her up. An outbreak of atopic dermatitis with superinfection was diagnosed and treatment with oral deflazacort was started.
Seventy-two hours later, the patient presented again with worsening of the lesions, associated with febrile fever, weakness and pain on palpation of the skin. The haemogram showed leukocytosis of 17500/mm3 without neutrophilia (neutrophils: 51%, lymphocytes: 34.8%) and C-reactive protein of 4.3 mg/l. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with scalded skin syndrome and was admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment with clindamycin and cloxacillin. Foments with 2% sodium borate and antibiotic ointment were applied to the palpebral and perioral lesions. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in the conjunctival and pharyngeal exudate and in a skin lesion; the blood culture was sterile. The patient progressed favourably and was discharged six days after admission.
| [
"A",
"girl",
"aged",
"two",
"years",
"and",
"ten",
"months",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"atopic",
"dermatitis",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"skin",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"trunk",
"and",
"generalised",
"pruritus",
"of",
"12",
"hours",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"She",
"was",
"afebrile",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"symptoms",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"erythematous",
",",
"non-confluent",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"trunk",
",",
"assessed",
"as",
"haematous",
"and",
"evanescent",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"tonsillar",
"exudate",
".",
"The",
"rapid",
"streptococcus",
"test",
"in",
"the",
"pharynx",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"acute",
"parainfectious",
"urticaria",
"and",
"pharyngotonsillitis",
"of",
"probable",
"viral",
"aetiology",
".",
"After",
"36",
"hours",
"of",
"evolution",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"returned",
"due",
"to",
"progressive",
"skin",
"involvement",
",",
"with",
"pruritic",
"erythematodecamative",
"lesions",
"in",
"the",
"periocular",
"and",
"periorbital",
"regions",
"and",
"in",
"patchy",
"plaques",
"on",
"the",
"trunk",
"and",
"large",
"folds",
",",
"together",
"with",
"areas",
"of",
"superinfection",
"and",
"scratching",
"lesions",
"on",
"the",
"trunk",
".",
"The",
"pharyngeal",
"exudate",
"persists",
",",
"she",
"remains",
"afebrile",
"and",
"complains",
"of",
"pain",
"on",
"picking",
"her",
"up",
".",
"An",
"outbreak",
"of",
"atopic",
"dermatitis",
"with",
"superinfection",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"oral",
"deflazacort",
"was",
"started",
".",
"Seventy-two",
"hours",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"again",
"with",
"worsening",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
",",
"associated",
"with",
"febrile",
"fever",
",",
"weakness",
"and",
"pain",
"on",
"palpation",
"of",
"the",
"skin",
".",
"The",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"leukocytosis",
"of",
"17500",
"/",
"mm3",
"without",
"neutrophilia",
"(",
"neutrophils",
":",
"51",
"%",
",",
"lymphocytes",
":",
"34",
".",
"8",
"%",
")",
"and",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"of",
"4",
".",
"3",
"mg",
"/",
"l",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"scalded",
"skin",
"syndrome",
"and",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"with",
"clindamycin",
"and",
"cloxacillin",
".",
"Foments",
"with",
"2",
"%",
"sodium",
"borate",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"ointment",
"were",
"applied",
"to",
"the",
"palpebral",
"and",
"perioral",
"lesions",
".",
"Methicillin-sensitive",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"was",
"isolated",
"in",
"the",
"conjunctival",
"and",
"pharyngeal",
"exudate",
"and",
"in",
"a",
"skin",
"lesion",
";",
"the",
"blood",
"culture",
"was",
"sterile",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"progressed",
"favourably",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"six",
"days",
"after",
"admission",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "streptococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 401,
"end": 414
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 453,
"end": 460
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 547,
"end": 552
},
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2,
"end": 6
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 597,
"end": 604
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1104,
"end": 1111
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1390,
"end": 1397
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1790,
"end": 1797
},
{
"text": "Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1633,
"end": 1676
}
] | en |
A 9-year-old female schoolchild was admitted to the Paediatric Medical Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas (PMI-HUC) with fever 39-40o C of 3 weeks' evolution, presenting 4-6 febrile clusters daily, predominantly at night, preceded by chills and accompanied by cutaneous vasomotor changes, vomiting, mild facial oedema, dizziness, myalgia, malaise and hyporexia. Physical examination revealed cervical adenomegaly and hepatomegaly 4.5 cm below the right costal ridge. Routine laboratory tests showed moderate leukocytosis with lymphomonocytosis, slightly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, muscle enzymes, creatinine kinase (CK) and myocardium-specific creatinine kinase-isoenzyme (CKMB) were normal. Serology for Epstein-Barr virus disease (EVB), cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis and histoplasmosis were negative as well as Mantoux test, bacteriological and mycological cultures. The sputum study was negative for acid fast bacilli (AAR). Chest and abdominal X-ray and CT scan were within normal limits. A private laboratory reported Plasmodium spp, (data not subsequently corroborated) and based on the high fever preceded by chills, a thick blood drop and blood smear were requested to verify the presence of malarial parasites. In the first few days several thick blood smears were performed, without confirming the diagnosis. On 04/12/2007 a peripheral blood smear showed an extracellular parasitic form compatible with Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote. The Institute of Tropical Medicine was consulted and confirmed the finding of few T. cruzi trypomastigotes in the fresh and thick blood smear. The presence of specific anti-T. cruzi IgM and IgG antibodies was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination. Molecular diagnosis was processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A small portion of the sample was cultured in biphasic medium and inoculated intraperitoneally into two mice to ensure growth of the parasite strain. Without waiting for the results of molecular and other indirect parasite tests, treatment with nifurtimox (6 mg/kg/day) was started immediately. No clinical, electrocardiographic or echocardiographic evidence suggestive of acute myocarditis or pericardial effusion was found. After treatment, the patient presented on the eighth day with visual hallucinations that disappeared after 24 hours. On the ninth day, palpitations were present and the Holter (cardiac rhythm recording monitor) showed supraventricular arrhythmia with Supra Ventricular CsPs without evidence of injury. Troponin I values were normal. On the 11th day, mild bipalpebral oedema was observed, which disappeared in 36 hours (parasitaemia/treatment ratio: unknown). On 19 December 2007 she was discharged with a diagnosis of acute Chagas disease, prolonged febrile syndrome resolved, precocious puberty under study and tall stature under study. His general condition was good and he was kept on anti-parasitic medication for 3 months. Serological tests showed a decrease in IgM optical densities but maintenance of IgG values. The parasite was isolated from the culture and inoculated into animals and the isolate was identified as Trypanosoma cruzi of molecular lineage. During the follow-up, cardiological controls (ECG, Holter and echocardiogram) in January and June 2008 were within normal limits.
| [
"A",
"9-year-old",
"female",
"schoolchild",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"Paediatric",
"Medical",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Department",
"of",
"the",
"University",
"Hospital",
"of",
"Caracas",
"(",
"PMI-HUC",
")",
"with",
"fever",
"39-40o",
"C",
"of",
"3",
"weeks",
"'",
"evolution",
",",
"presenting",
"4-6",
"febrile",
"clusters",
"daily",
",",
"predominantly",
"at",
"night",
",",
"preceded",
"by",
"chills",
"and",
"accompanied",
"by",
"cutaneous",
"vasomotor",
"changes",
",",
"vomiting",
",",
"mild",
"facial",
"oedema",
",",
"dizziness",
",",
"myalgia",
",",
"malaise",
"and",
"hyporexia",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"cervical",
"adenomegaly",
"and",
"hepatomegaly",
"4",
".",
"5",
"cm",
"below",
"the",
"right",
"costal",
"ridge",
".",
"Routine",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"moderate",
"leukocytosis",
"with",
"lymphomonocytosis",
",",
"slightly",
"elevated",
"erythrocyte",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"(",
"ESR",
")",
",",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
",",
"muscle",
"enzymes",
",",
"creatinine",
"kinase",
"(",
"CK",
")",
"and",
"myocardium-specific",
"creatinine",
"kinase-isoenzyme",
"(",
"CKMB",
")",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Serology",
"for",
"Epstein-Barr",
"virus",
"disease",
"(",
"EVB",
")",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
"(",
"CMV",
")",
",",
"toxoplasmosis",
"and",
"histoplasmosis",
"were",
"negative",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"Mantoux",
"test",
",",
"bacteriological",
"and",
"mycological",
"cultures",
".",
"The",
"sputum",
"study",
"was",
"negative",
"for",
"acid",
"fast",
"bacilli",
"(",
"AAR",
")",
".",
"Chest",
"and",
"abdominal",
"X-ray",
"and",
"CT",
"scan",
"were",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
".",
"A",
"private",
"laboratory",
"reported",
"Plasmodium",
"spp",
",",
"(",
"data",
"not",
"subsequently",
"corroborated",
")",
"and",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"high",
"fever",
"preceded",
"by",
"chills",
",",
"a",
"thick",
"blood",
"drop",
"and",
"blood",
"smear",
"were",
"requested",
"to",
"verify",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"malarial",
"parasites",
".",
"In",
"the",
"first",
"few",
"days",
"several",
"thick",
"blood",
"smears",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"without",
"confirming",
"the",
"diagnosis",
".",
"On",
"04",
"/",
"12",
"/",
"2007",
"a",
"peripheral",
"blood",
"smear",
"showed",
"an",
"extracellular",
"parasitic",
"form",
"compatible",
"with",
"Trypanosoma",
"cruzi",
"trypomastigote",
".",
"The",
"Institute",
"of",
"Tropical",
"Medicine",
"was",
"consulted",
"and",
"confirmed",
"the",
"finding",
"of",
"few",
"T",
".",
"cruzi",
"trypomastigotes",
"in",
"the",
"fresh",
"and",
"thick",
"blood",
"smear",
".",
"The",
"presence",
"of",
"specific",
"anti-T",
".",
"cruzi",
"IgM",
"and",
"IgG",
"antibodies",
"was",
"demonstrated",
"by",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunosorbent",
"assay",
"(",
"ELISA",
")",
"and",
"indirect",
"haemagglutination",
".",
"Molecular",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"processed",
"by",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"PCR",
")",
".",
"A",
"small",
"portion",
"of",
"the",
"sample",
"was",
"cultured",
"in",
"biphasic",
"medium",
"and",
"inoculated",
"intraperitoneally",
"into",
"two",
"mice",
"to",
"ensure",
"growth",
"of",
"the",
"parasite",
"strain",
".",
"Without",
"waiting",
"for",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"molecular",
"and",
"other",
"indirect",
"parasite",
"tests",
",",
"treatment",
"with",
"nifurtimox",
"(",
"6",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
")",
"was",
"started",
"immediately",
".",
"No",
"clinical",
",",
"electrocardiographic",
"or",
"echocardiographic",
"evidence",
"suggestive",
"of",
"acute",
"myocarditis",
"or",
"pericardial",
"effusion",
"was",
"found",
".",
"After",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"on",
"the",
"eighth",
"day",
"with",
"visual",
"hallucinations",
"that",
"disappeared",
"after",
"24",
"hours",
".",
"On",
"the",
"ninth",
"day",
",",
"palpitations",
"were",
"present",
"and",
"the",
"Holter",
"(",
"cardiac",
"rhythm",
"recording",
"monitor",
")",
"showed",
"supraventricular",
"arrhythmia",
"with",
"Supra",
"Ventricular",
"CsPs",
"without",
"evidence",
"of",
"injury",
".",
"Troponin",
"I",
"values",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"On",
"the",
"11th",
"day",
",",
"mild",
"bipalpebral",
"oedema",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"which",
"disappeared",
"in",
"36",
"hours",
"(",
"parasitaemia",
"/",
"treatment",
"ratio",
":",
"unknown",
")",
".",
"On",
"19",
"December",
"2007",
"she",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"acute",
"Chagas",
"disease",
",",
"prolonged",
"febrile",
"syndrome",
"resolved",
",",
"precocious",
"puberty",
"under",
"study",
"and",
"tall",
"stature",
"under",
"study",
".",
"His",
"general",
"condition",
"was",
"good",
"and",
"he",
"was",
"kept",
"on",
"anti-parasitic",
"medication",
"for",
"3",
"months",
".",
"Serological",
"tests",
"showed",
"a",
"decrease",
"in",
"IgM",
"optical",
"densities",
"but",
"maintenance",
"of",
"IgG",
"values",
".",
"The",
"parasite",
"was",
"isolated",
"from",
"the",
"culture",
"and",
"inoculated",
"into",
"animals",
"and",
"the",
"isolate",
"was",
"identified",
"as",
"Trypanosoma",
"cruzi",
"of",
"molecular",
"lineage",
".",
"During",
"the",
"follow-up",
",",
"cardiological",
"controls",
"(",
"ECG",
",",
"Holter",
"and",
"echocardiogram",
")",
"in",
"January",
"and",
"June",
"2008",
"were",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "CMV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 830,
"end": 833
},
{
"text": "Plasmodium spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1104,
"end": 1118
},
{
"text": "Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1494,
"end": 1526
},
{
"text": "Trypanosoma cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1494,
"end": 1511
},
{
"text": "Trypanosoma cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3248,
"end": 3265
},
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3206,
"end": 3213
},
{
"text": "bacteriological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 908,
"end": 923
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 813,
"end": 828
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2344,
"end": 2351
},
{
"text": "parasitic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1463,
"end": 1472
},
{
"text": "parasitic",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3016,
"end": 3025
},
{
"text": "parasitaemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2742,
"end": 2754
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2030,
"end": 2038
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2111,
"end": 2119
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3147,
"end": 3155
},
{
"text": "malarial parasites",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1281,
"end": 1299
},
{
"text": "mice",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2001,
"end": 2005
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 779,
"end": 797
},
{
"text": "T. cruzi trypomastigotes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1610,
"end": 1634
},
{
"text": "T. cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1610,
"end": 1618
},
{
"text": "T. cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1701,
"end": 1709
},
{
"text": "EVB",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 807,
"end": 810
},
{
"text": "toxoplasmosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 836,
"end": 849
},
{
"text": "histoplasmosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 854,
"end": 868
},
{
"text": "mycological",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 928,
"end": 939
},
{
"text": "AAR",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1003,
"end": 1006
},
{
"text": "puberty",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2911,
"end": 2918
}
] | en |
Male, 40 years old, single, lives with his parents, with studies in computer engineering, having worked in different companies as an engineer, with good work performance, with promotions and positive evaluation of his performance. Following the closure of the last company where he worked, he became unemployed and has been unemployed for the last two years. She has gone to several job interviews, but the work and financial demands she made led to her rejection of the job. The family reports that he asked for high salaries, had an arrogant and contemptuous attitude towards the interviewers. She has no personal medical history of interest.
The family psychiatric antecedents are multiple but not very specific, highlighting problems with drug use in a cousin, possible jealousy in the father and a grandfather, with no alcohol consumption to justify it, aggressive and strange behaviour in paternal cousins and uncles, a paternal aunt with a psychiatric admission with an undefined diagnosis and a maternal grandmother in psychiatric treatment also for unknown reasons. He has a healthy sister.
The family defines him as an egocentric, cold, distant, reserved person who placed great importance on his social status and physical appearance. He showed excellent academic and work performance later on. He had a relationship with a partner, which broke up when he was 22 years old, and it is said that afterwards he isolated himself and devoted himself to studying intensively.
With regard to his toxicological history, he reports occasional alcohol consumption, presenting significant behavioural alterations when he consumes it in small quantities, which is why he does not usually drink. He has also had occasional cocaine consumption. He has consumed cannabis in an unspecified quantity in the years prior to the onset of his illness, up to the age of 36. The patient tends to minimise this consumption, which was usually solitary and hidden, so the family cannot give any information about it either. It is not possible to specify when the consumption began, but it seems to have continued for several years. It seems clear that after the onset of his psychotic condition, his consumption has completely subsided, given that he spends most of his time at home and is supervised by his family, and they have not observed any signs of renewed consumption. Moreover, subsequent toxicological tests have always been negative. His psychotic disorder began gradually at the age of 36, when his family detected inappropriate behaviour such as smiling alone, mistrust and verbal aggression. He was at work and reported that his superiors wanted to harm him, he laughed uncontrollably, talked to himself and insulted people who were not present. He sometimes acted as if he was talking to someone. He told his family that they did not understand him because he was gifted, that he had a high sensory capacity, was able to listen to several conversations at the same time and could work with several computer screens simultaneously. He put several passwords on his computer and was careful not to be seen working on it, commenting that he was working on important projects that they wanted to steal from him. For this reason, he was referred to psychiatric consultations, which the patient left after only a few visits. At the age of 38, he presented his first psychiatric admission due to significant hostility, with aggressive verbal and physical behaviour, and was excessively distrustful. He again had unmotivated laughter, talked to himself, said that people in the street were looking at him and talking about him, that his neighbour was spying on him and that was why he had the blinds down and the whole house under strict security measures. He said that there was a conspiracy against him and that was why he was not hired. He was more dysphoric, getting angry with the family over irrelevant things, turning the TV up loud. He talked about an important project that was secret, even "it was secret to him" and that people were trying to get it. During admission, the patient was very defensive, minimising his problems, rationalising all his symptoms, with no awareness of his illness, making it very difficult to obtain information about his condition and blaming the family for his admission. He was prescribed oral antipsychotics with a very good response to treatment.
Two years later he was admitted again, after abandoning pharmacological treatment, with no evidence of renewed drug use, with similar clinical symptoms. He showed mistrust of his family, with threats towards them, extravagant behaviour such as drinking only bottled water and eating only what he prepared himself, with the blinds down all day long, having dismantled several telephones as he thought they were tapped and claiming that he worked with his computer for several companies simultaneously without it being real. No sensory-perceptual alterations were observed, with a predominance of delusions of harm and grandeur and a suspicious attitude, distant contact, with a scattered and vague discourse, justifying all his behaviour and with no awareness of illness. The negative symptoms were dominated by cold and blunted affectivity, impoverished thinking and significant social withdrawal. On discharge he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Treatment with long-acting injectable risperidone 50 mg every two weeks and oral paliperidone 12 mg daily was prescribed, with good tolerance and remission of productive symptoms.
Subsequent follow-up showed good compliance with treatment, with no side effects, no drug use and very good control of positive symptoms. Negative symptoms predominate, with impoverished speech, significant social withdrawal and affective flattening.
| [
"Male",
",",
"40",
"years",
"old",
",",
"single",
",",
"lives",
"with",
"his",
"parents",
",",
"with",
"studies",
"in",
"computer",
"engineering",
",",
"having",
"worked",
"in",
"different",
"companies",
"as",
"an",
"engineer",
",",
"with",
"good",
"work",
"performance",
",",
"with",
"promotions",
"and",
"positive",
"evaluation",
"of",
"his",
"performance",
".",
"Following",
"the",
"closure",
"of",
"the",
"last",
"company",
"where",
"he",
"worked",
",",
"he",
"became",
"unemployed",
"and",
"has",
"been",
"unemployed",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"two",
"years",
".",
"She",
"has",
"gone",
"to",
"several",
"job",
"interviews",
",",
"but",
"the",
"work",
"and",
"financial",
"demands",
"she",
"made",
"led",
"to",
"her",
"rejection",
"of",
"the",
"job",
".",
"The",
"family",
"reports",
"that",
"he",
"asked",
"for",
"high",
"salaries",
",",
"had",
"an",
"arrogant",
"and",
"contemptuous",
"attitude",
"towards",
"the",
"interviewers",
".",
"She",
"has",
"no",
"personal",
"medical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"The",
"family",
"psychiatric",
"antecedents",
"are",
"multiple",
"but",
"not",
"very",
"specific",
",",
"highlighting",
"problems",
"with",
"drug",
"use",
"in",
"a",
"cousin",
",",
"possible",
"jealousy",
"in",
"the",
"father",
"and",
"a",
"grandfather",
",",
"with",
"no",
"alcohol",
"consumption",
"to",
"justify",
"it",
",",
"aggressive",
"and",
"strange",
"behaviour",
"in",
"paternal",
"cousins",
"and",
"uncles",
",",
"a",
"paternal",
"aunt",
"with",
"a",
"psychiatric",
"admission",
"with",
"an",
"undefined",
"diagnosis",
"and",
"a",
"maternal",
"grandmother",
"in",
"psychiatric",
"treatment",
"also",
"for",
"unknown",
"reasons",
".",
"He",
"has",
"a",
"healthy",
"sister",
".",
"The",
"family",
"defines",
"him",
"as",
"an",
"egocentric",
",",
"cold",
",",
"distant",
",",
"reserved",
"person",
"who",
"placed",
"great",
"importance",
"on",
"his",
"social",
"status",
"and",
"physical",
"appearance",
".",
"He",
"showed",
"excellent",
"academic",
"and",
"work",
"performance",
"later",
"on",
".",
"He",
"had",
"a",
"relationship",
"with",
"a",
"partner",
",",
"which",
"broke",
"up",
"when",
"he",
"was",
"22",
"years",
"old",
",",
"and",
"it",
"is",
"said",
"that",
"afterwards",
"he",
"isolated",
"himself",
"and",
"devoted",
"himself",
"to",
"studying",
"intensively",
".",
"With",
"regard",
"to",
"his",
"toxicological",
"history",
",",
"he",
"reports",
"occasional",
"alcohol",
"consumption",
",",
"presenting",
"significant",
"behavioural",
"alterations",
"when",
"he",
"consumes",
"it",
"in",
"small",
"quantities",
",",
"which",
"is",
"why",
"he",
"does",
"not",
"usually",
"drink",
".",
"He",
"has",
"also",
"had",
"occasional",
"cocaine",
"consumption",
".",
"He",
"has",
"consumed",
"cannabis",
"in",
"an",
"unspecified",
"quantity",
"in",
"the",
"years",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"his",
"illness",
",",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"36",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"tends",
"to",
"minimise",
"this",
"consumption",
",",
"which",
"was",
"usually",
"solitary",
"and",
"hidden",
",",
"so",
"the",
"family",
"cannot",
"give",
"any",
"information",
"about",
"it",
"either",
".",
"It",
"is",
"not",
"possible",
"to",
"specify",
"when",
"the",
"consumption",
"began",
",",
"but",
"it",
"seems",
"to",
"have",
"continued",
"for",
"several",
"years",
".",
"It",
"seems",
"clear",
"that",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"his",
"psychotic",
"condition",
",",
"his",
"consumption",
"has",
"completely",
"subsided",
",",
"given",
"that",
"he",
"spends",
"most",
"of",
"his",
"time",
"at",
"home",
"and",
"is",
"supervised",
"by",
"his",
"family",
",",
"and",
"they",
"have",
"not",
"observed",
"any",
"signs",
"of",
"renewed",
"consumption",
".",
"Moreover",
",",
"subsequent",
"toxicological",
"tests",
"have",
"always",
"been",
"negative",
".",
"His",
"psychotic",
"disorder",
"began",
"gradually",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"36",
",",
"when",
"his",
"family",
"detected",
"inappropriate",
"behaviour",
"such",
"as",
"smiling",
"alone",
",",
"mistrust",
"and",
"verbal",
"aggression",
".",
"He",
"was",
"at",
"work",
"and",
"reported",
"that",
"his",
"superiors",
"wanted",
"to",
"harm",
"him",
",",
"he",
"laughed",
"uncontrollably",
",",
"talked",
"to",
"himself",
"and",
"insulted",
"people",
"who",
"were",
"not",
"present",
".",
"He",
"sometimes",
"acted",
"as",
"if",
"he",
"was",
"talking",
"to",
"someone",
".",
"He",
"told",
"his",
"family",
"that",
"they",
"did",
"not",
"understand",
"him",
"because",
"he",
"was",
"gifted",
",",
"that",
"he",
"had",
"a",
"high",
"sensory",
"capacity",
",",
"was",
"able",
"to",
"listen",
"to",
"several",
"conversations",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
"and",
"could",
"work",
"with",
"several",
"computer",
"screens",
"simultaneously",
".",
"He",
"put",
"several",
"passwords",
"on",
"his",
"computer",
"and",
"was",
"careful",
"not",
"to",
"be",
"seen",
"working",
"on",
"it",
",",
"commenting",
"that",
"he",
"was",
"working",
"on",
"important",
"projects",
"that",
"they",
"wanted",
"to",
"steal",
"from",
"him",
".",
"For",
"this",
"reason",
",",
"he",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"psychiatric",
"consultations",
",",
"which",
"the",
"patient",
"left",
"after",
"only",
"a",
"few",
"visits",
".",
"At",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"38",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"his",
"first",
"psychiatric",
"admission",
"due",
"to",
"significant",
"hostility",
",",
"with",
"aggressive",
"verbal",
"and",
"physical",
"behaviour",
",",
"and",
"was",
"excessively",
"distrustful",
".",
"He",
"again",
"had",
"unmotivated",
"laughter",
",",
"talked",
"to",
"himself",
",",
"said",
"that",
"people",
"in",
"the",
"street",
"were",
"looking",
"at",
"him",
"and",
"talking",
"about",
"him",
",",
"that",
"his",
"neighbour",
"was",
"spying",
"on",
"him",
"and",
"that",
"was",
"why",
"he",
"had",
"the",
"blinds",
"down",
"and",
"the",
"whole",
"house",
"under",
"strict",
"security",
"measures",
".",
"He",
"said",
"that",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"conspiracy",
"against",
"him",
"and",
"that",
"was",
"why",
"he",
"was",
"not",
"hired",
".",
"He",
"was",
"more",
"dysphoric",
",",
"getting",
"angry",
"with",
"the",
"family",
"over",
"irrelevant",
"things",
",",
"turning",
"the",
"TV",
"up",
"loud",
".",
"He",
"talked",
"about",
"an",
"important",
"project",
"that",
"was",
"secret",
",",
"even",
"\"",
"it",
"was",
"secret",
"to",
"him",
"\"",
"and",
"that",
"people",
"were",
"trying",
"to",
"get",
"it",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"very",
"defensive",
",",
"minimising",
"his",
"problems",
",",
"rationalising",
"all",
"his",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"no",
"awareness",
"of",
"his",
"illness",
",",
"making",
"it",
"very",
"difficult",
"to",
"obtain",
"information",
"about",
"his",
"condition",
"and",
"blaming",
"the",
"family",
"for",
"his",
"admission",
".",
"He",
"was",
"prescribed",
"oral",
"antipsychotics",
"with",
"a",
"very",
"good",
"response",
"to",
"treatment",
".",
"Two",
"years",
"later",
"he",
"was",
"admitted",
"again",
",",
"after",
"abandoning",
"pharmacological",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"renewed",
"drug",
"use",
",",
"with",
"similar",
"clinical",
"symptoms",
".",
"He",
"showed",
"mistrust",
"of",
"his",
"family",
",",
"with",
"threats",
"towards",
"them",
",",
"extravagant",
"behaviour",
"such",
"as",
"drinking",
"only",
"bottled",
"water",
"and",
"eating",
"only",
"what",
"he",
"prepared",
"himself",
",",
"with",
"the",
"blinds",
"down",
"all",
"day",
"long",
",",
"having",
"dismantled",
"several",
"telephones",
"as",
"he",
"thought",
"they",
"were",
"tapped",
"and",
"claiming",
"that",
"he",
"worked",
"with",
"his",
"computer",
"for",
"several",
"companies",
"simultaneously",
"without",
"it",
"being",
"real",
".",
"No",
"sensory-perceptual",
"alterations",
"were",
"observed",
",",
"with",
"a",
"predominance",
"of",
"delusions",
"of",
"harm",
"and",
"grandeur",
"and",
"a",
"suspicious",
"attitude",
",",
"distant",
"contact",
",",
"with",
"a",
"scattered",
"and",
"vague",
"discourse",
",",
"justifying",
"all",
"his",
"behaviour",
"and",
"with",
"no",
"awareness",
"of",
"illness",
".",
"The",
"negative",
"symptoms",
"were",
"dominated",
"by",
"cold",
"and",
"blunted",
"affectivity",
",",
"impoverished",
"thinking",
"and",
"significant",
"social",
"withdrawal",
".",
"On",
"discharge",
"he",
"was",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"paranoid",
"schizophrenia",
".",
"Treatment",
"with",
"long-acting",
"injectable",
"risperidone",
"50",
"mg",
"every",
"two",
"weeks",
"and",
"oral",
"paliperidone",
"12",
"mg",
"daily",
"was",
"prescribed",
",",
"with",
"good",
"tolerance",
"and",
"remission",
"of",
"productive",
"symptoms",
".",
"Subsequent",
"follow-up",
"showed",
"good",
"compliance",
"with",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"no",
"side",
"effects",
",",
"no",
"drug",
"use",
"and",
"very",
"good",
"control",
"of",
"positive",
"symptoms",
".",
"Negative",
"symptoms",
"predominate",
",",
"with",
"impoverished",
"speech",
",",
"significant",
"social",
"withdrawal",
"and",
"affective",
"flattening",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 4
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 480,
"end": 486
},
{
"text": "engineer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 133,
"end": 141
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 43,
"end": 50
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 607,
"end": 615
},
{
"text": "maternal grandmother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1004,
"end": 1024
},
{
"text": "grandfather",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 804,
"end": 815
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 650,
"end": 656
},
{
"text": "sister",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1093,
"end": 1099
},
{
"text": "father",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 791,
"end": 797
},
{
"text": "cousins",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 905,
"end": 912
},
{
"text": "paternal aunt",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 927,
"end": 940
},
{
"text": "cousin",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 758,
"end": 764
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1106,
"end": 1112
},
{
"text": "partner",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1337,
"end": 1344
},
{
"text": "person",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1167,
"end": 1173
},
{
"text": "cannabis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1761,
"end": 1769
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1960,
"end": 1966
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2296,
"end": 2302
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2499,
"end": 2505
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2812,
"end": 2818
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3880,
"end": 3886
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4280,
"end": 4286
},
{
"text": "people",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2719,
"end": 2725
},
{
"text": "people",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3558,
"end": 3564
},
{
"text": "people",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4026,
"end": 4032
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1870,
"end": 1877
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3283,
"end": 3290
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4078,
"end": 4085
},
{
"text": "neighbour",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3631,
"end": 3640
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4564,
"end": 4570
}
] | en |
Female patient aged 9 years, 11 months, third of 4 siblings, born at term, with a birth weight of 3,800 g, without perinatal pathology and with growth and development within normal limits, with no known history of morbidity at the time of the first consultation.
She consults for a year of progressive difficulty in swallowing (logical dysphagia), which has progressively limited her feeding, with an objective weight loss of more than 10%. She does not present frequent vomiting, pain or changes in intestinal transit; nor has she presented with systemic symptoms such as fever or compromised general condition. The clinical picture raises suspicion of oesophageal achalasia.
An X-ray of the oesophagus-stomach-duodenum was indicated, which showed dilatation of the distal two thirds of the oesophagus, with retention of the contrast medium and formation of a liquid-liquid level and a sharp decrease in the distal calibre with a "bird's beak" morphology. There is marked delay of oesophageal emptying with filiform passage of contrast medium into the stomach after 4 minutes of observation. Oesophageal motility is decreased, with no obvious peristaltic waves. There was barium retention in the distal oesophagus. No other anatomical alterations distally or episodes of spontaneous gastro-oesophageal reflux were identified during the study. The examination is compatible with achalasia. The patient was referred to paediatric surgery to complete the study and treatment.
X-ray of the oesophagus-stomach-duodenum in a paediatric patient with dysphagia, anteroposterior projection Image taken at the beginning of the study, with distal dilatation of the oesophagus and retention of the contrast medium with formation of a level. There is a sharp decrease in the distal calibre with a "bird's beak" morphology. At 2 minutes, no passage of contrast medium into the stomach is observed. At 4 minutes, there is a filiform passage of contents into the gastric chamber.
She was evaluated by the paediatric surgery team, who began a study for possible surgical resolution. A Chagas serology was performed, which was negative, and a general laboratory study was performed to evaluate the nutritional repercussions of her present condition, presenting a plasma albumin value of 4.5 g/dl and plasma electrolytes within the range, and it was decided to perform a Heller Myotomy laparoscopically.
| [
"Female",
"patient",
"aged",
"9",
"years",
",",
"11",
"months",
",",
"third",
"of",
"4",
"siblings",
",",
"born",
"at",
"term",
",",
"with",
"a",
"birth",
"weight",
"of",
"3",
",",
"800",
"g",
",",
"without",
"perinatal",
"pathology",
"and",
"with",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
",",
"with",
"no",
"known",
"history",
"of",
"morbidity",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"consultation",
".",
"She",
"consults",
"for",
"a",
"year",
"of",
"progressive",
"difficulty",
"in",
"swallowing",
"(",
"logical",
"dysphagia",
")",
",",
"which",
"has",
"progressively",
"limited",
"her",
"feeding",
",",
"with",
"an",
"objective",
"weight",
"loss",
"of",
"more",
"than",
"10",
"%",
".",
"She",
"does",
"not",
"present",
"frequent",
"vomiting",
",",
"pain",
"or",
"changes",
"in",
"intestinal",
"transit",
";",
"nor",
"has",
"she",
"presented",
"with",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
"such",
"as",
"fever",
"or",
"compromised",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"picture",
"raises",
"suspicion",
"of",
"oesophageal",
"achalasia",
".",
"An",
"X-ray",
"of",
"the",
"oesophagus-stomach-duodenum",
"was",
"indicated",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"distal",
"two",
"thirds",
"of",
"the",
"oesophagus",
",",
"with",
"retention",
"of",
"the",
"contrast",
"medium",
"and",
"formation",
"of",
"a",
"liquid-liquid",
"level",
"and",
"a",
"sharp",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"calibre",
"with",
"a",
"\"",
"bird",
"'",
"s",
"beak",
"\"",
"morphology",
".",
"There",
"is",
"marked",
"delay",
"of",
"oesophageal",
"emptying",
"with",
"filiform",
"passage",
"of",
"contrast",
"medium",
"into",
"the",
"stomach",
"after",
"4",
"minutes",
"of",
"observation",
".",
"Oesophageal",
"motility",
"is",
"decreased",
",",
"with",
"no",
"obvious",
"peristaltic",
"waves",
".",
"There",
"was",
"barium",
"retention",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"oesophagus",
".",
"No",
"other",
"anatomical",
"alterations",
"distally",
"or",
"episodes",
"of",
"spontaneous",
"gastro-oesophageal",
"reflux",
"were",
"identified",
"during",
"the",
"study",
".",
"The",
"examination",
"is",
"compatible",
"with",
"achalasia",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"paediatric",
"surgery",
"to",
"complete",
"the",
"study",
"and",
"treatment",
".",
"X-ray",
"of",
"the",
"oesophagus-stomach-duodenum",
"in",
"a",
"paediatric",
"patient",
"with",
"dysphagia",
",",
"anteroposterior",
"projection",
"Image",
"taken",
"at",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"the",
"study",
",",
"with",
"distal",
"dilatation",
"of",
"the",
"oesophagus",
"and",
"retention",
"of",
"the",
"contrast",
"medium",
"with",
"formation",
"of",
"a",
"level",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"sharp",
"decrease",
"in",
"the",
"distal",
"calibre",
"with",
"a",
"\"",
"bird",
"'",
"s",
"beak",
"\"",
"morphology",
".",
"At",
"2",
"minutes",
",",
"no",
"passage",
"of",
"contrast",
"medium",
"into",
"the",
"stomach",
"is",
"observed",
".",
"At",
"4",
"minutes",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"filiform",
"passage",
"of",
"contents",
"into",
"the",
"gastric",
"chamber",
".",
"She",
"was",
"evaluated",
"by",
"the",
"paediatric",
"surgery",
"team",
",",
"who",
"began",
"a",
"study",
"for",
"possible",
"surgical",
"resolution",
".",
"A",
"Chagas",
"serology",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"a",
"general",
"laboratory",
"study",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"evaluate",
"the",
"nutritional",
"repercussions",
"of",
"her",
"present",
"condition",
",",
"presenting",
"a",
"plasma",
"albumin",
"value",
"of",
"4",
".",
"5",
"g",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"plasma",
"electrolytes",
"within",
"the",
"range",
",",
"and",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"Heller",
"Myotomy",
"laparoscopically",
"."
] | [
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 7,
"end": 14
},
{
"text": "Female",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 6
},
{
"text": "siblings",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 51,
"end": 59
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1396,
"end": 1403
},
{
"text": "bird",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 934,
"end": 938
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1534,
"end": 1541
},
{
"text": "bird",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1789,
"end": 1793
},
{
"text": "Chagas",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2073,
"end": 2079
}
] | en |
We present a clinical case of a 41-year-old male, with Hurley III HS flare.
Family history:
Mother diagnosed with HS Hurley I.
Personal history:
Diagnosed with HS since the age of 16. Smoker of 1 pack of cigarettes a day for more than 20 years. Non diabetic. Chronic auto inflammatory syndrome SAPHO/PAHS (Pyoderma gangrenosum/Acne Hidradenitis/Arthritis) in 2013. Haemophagocytic syndrome reactive to visceral Leishmaniasis in June 2018, due to immunosuppression by biological treatment. Fournier's gangrene in November 2018, which required debridement of the entire anterior abdominal wall and skin grafts. Hepatic cholestasis secondary to leishmaniasis. Cushing's syndrome and osteopenia secondary to low-dose corticotherapy for 10 years. Dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to cardiotoxicity in March 2019.
Treatments:
He has followed different systemic treatments: oral retinoids, antibiotics, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, infliximab, adalimumab; always with poor therapeutic response. Topical treatment with topical ATB, antiseptics, topical tracolimus.
Evolution:
In the last two years he has had several hospital admissions for new outbreaks, reactivation of Pyoderma gangrenosum lesions and superinfections by Pseudomona aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
She was readmitted in March due to worsening of the lesions in MMII.
| [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"clinical",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"41-year-old",
"male",
",",
"with",
"Hurley",
"III",
"HS",
"flare",
".",
"Family",
"history",
":",
"Mother",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"HS",
"Hurley",
"I",
".",
"Personal",
"history",
":",
"Diagnosed",
"with",
"HS",
"since",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"16",
".",
"Smoker",
"of",
"1",
"pack",
"of",
"cigarettes",
"a",
"day",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"20",
"years",
".",
"Non",
"diabetic",
".",
"Chronic",
"auto",
"inflammatory",
"syndrome",
"SAPHO",
"/",
"PAHS",
"(",
"Pyoderma",
"gangrenosum",
"/",
"Acne",
"Hidradenitis",
"/",
"Arthritis",
")",
"in",
"2013",
".",
"Haemophagocytic",
"syndrome",
"reactive",
"to",
"visceral",
"Leishmaniasis",
"in",
"June",
"2018",
",",
"due",
"to",
"immunosuppression",
"by",
"biological",
"treatment",
".",
"Fournier",
"'",
"s",
"gangrene",
"in",
"November",
"2018",
",",
"which",
"required",
"debridement",
"of",
"the",
"entire",
"anterior",
"abdominal",
"wall",
"and",
"skin",
"grafts",
".",
"Hepatic",
"cholestasis",
"secondary",
"to",
"leishmaniasis",
".",
"Cushing",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome",
"and",
"osteopenia",
"secondary",
"to",
"low-dose",
"corticotherapy",
"for",
"10",
"years",
".",
"Dilated",
"cardiomyopathy",
"secondary",
"to",
"cardiotoxicity",
"in",
"March",
"2019",
".",
"Treatments",
":",
"He",
"has",
"followed",
"different",
"systemic",
"treatments",
":",
"oral",
"retinoids",
",",
"antibiotics",
",",
"corticosteroids",
",",
"cyclosporine",
",",
"infliximab",
",",
"adalimumab",
";",
"always",
"with",
"poor",
"therapeutic",
"response",
".",
"Topical",
"treatment",
"with",
"topical",
"ATB",
",",
"antiseptics",
",",
"topical",
"tracolimus",
".",
"Evolution",
":",
"In",
"the",
"last",
"two",
"years",
"he",
"has",
"had",
"several",
"hospital",
"admissions",
"for",
"new",
"outbreaks",
",",
"reactivation",
"of",
"Pyoderma",
"gangrenosum",
"lesions",
"and",
"superinfections",
"by",
"Pseudomona",
"aeruginosa",
"and",
"methicillin-resistant",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"(",
"MRSA",
")",
".",
"She",
"was",
"readmitted",
"in",
"March",
"due",
"to",
"worsening",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
"in",
"MMII",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 44,
"end": 48
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 77,
"end": 83
},
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 93,
"end": 99
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 129,
"end": 137
},
{
"text": "Pseudomona aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1222,
"end": 1243
},
{
"text": "MRSA",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1293,
"end": 1297
},
{
"text": "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1248,
"end": 1291
}
] | en |
MARH. Male patient aged 13 years, originally from the state of San Luis Potosí, resident in the Rancho Nuevo neighbourhood, municipality of San Antonio, in the same state. He presented at the health centre accompanied by his mother, where the medical staff requested a consultation to make a diagnosis. The interrogation was carried out directly and indirectly through an interview with the mother. The current illness had begun six days earlier due to the bite of the insect transmitting the disease, and the following day he presented with an unquantified fever, headache, right bipalpebral oedema and right preauricular adenitis. On the same day, a clinical epidemiological study was carried out with a clinical history, evaluation of the home and taking of samples for parasite and serological diagnosis. The non-pathological and pathological personal history was not relevant to the current condition. There is a history of epidemiological importance related to the knowledge of the insect that transmits the disease and its bites; the insect is known as the bedbug. Other important antecedents are the capture of 30 insects inside the house, three of which were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi infection, and the characteristics of the house with construction materials considered risky for the presence of the transmitter (reed walls, earthen floor and tin roof), as well as poor sanitary conditions, ventilation and lighting. The patient had a negative history of transfusions. On physical examination, the most relevant findings were the Romaña sign in the right eye with purplish pigmentation and right preauricular adenomegaly. No hepatosplenomegaly; lower limbs without oedema.
Parasitological diagnosis was confirmed by the Parasite Biology Laboratory by observation of the parasite in smear and thick drop, serology was negative with indirect ELISA (0.021 D.O.) and IFA. The diagnosis was confirmed and, prior to treatment, blood biometry, blood chemistry, general urine examination and liver function tests were requested, which were normal, so treatment was started with benznidazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for 30 days, under the supervision of the epidemiologist of the health jurisdiction, with no adverse reactions. The patient progressed asymptomatically and is now in apparent good health.
| [
"MARH",
".",
"Male",
"patient",
"aged",
"13",
"years",
",",
"originally",
"from",
"the",
"state",
"of",
"San",
"Luis",
"Potosí",
",",
"resident",
"in",
"the",
"Rancho",
"Nuevo",
"neighbourhood",
",",
"municipality",
"of",
"San",
"Antonio",
",",
"in",
"the",
"same",
"state",
".",
"He",
"presented",
"at",
"the",
"health",
"centre",
"accompanied",
"by",
"his",
"mother",
",",
"where",
"the",
"medical",
"staff",
"requested",
"a",
"consultation",
"to",
"make",
"a",
"diagnosis",
".",
"The",
"interrogation",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"directly",
"and",
"indirectly",
"through",
"an",
"interview",
"with",
"the",
"mother",
".",
"The",
"current",
"illness",
"had",
"begun",
"six",
"days",
"earlier",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"bite",
"of",
"the",
"insect",
"transmitting",
"the",
"disease",
",",
"and",
"the",
"following",
"day",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"an",
"unquantified",
"fever",
",",
"headache",
",",
"right",
"bipalpebral",
"oedema",
"and",
"right",
"preauricular",
"adenitis",
".",
"On",
"the",
"same",
"day",
",",
"a",
"clinical",
"epidemiological",
"study",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"with",
"a",
"clinical",
"history",
",",
"evaluation",
"of",
"the",
"home",
"and",
"taking",
"of",
"samples",
"for",
"parasite",
"and",
"serological",
"diagnosis",
".",
"The",
"non-pathological",
"and",
"pathological",
"personal",
"history",
"was",
"not",
"relevant",
"to",
"the",
"current",
"condition",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"epidemiological",
"importance",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"knowledge",
"of",
"the",
"insect",
"that",
"transmits",
"the",
"disease",
"and",
"its",
"bites",
";",
"the",
"insect",
"is",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"bedbug",
".",
"Other",
"important",
"antecedents",
"are",
"the",
"capture",
"of",
"30",
"insects",
"inside",
"the",
"house",
",",
"three",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"Trypanosoma",
"cruzi",
"infection",
",",
"and",
"the",
"characteristics",
"of",
"the",
"house",
"with",
"construction",
"materials",
"considered",
"risky",
"for",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"the",
"transmitter",
"(",
"reed",
"walls",
",",
"earthen",
"floor",
"and",
"tin",
"roof",
")",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"poor",
"sanitary",
"conditions",
",",
"ventilation",
"and",
"lighting",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"negative",
"history",
"of",
"transfusions",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"most",
"relevant",
"findings",
"were",
"the",
"Romaña",
"sign",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"eye",
"with",
"purplish",
"pigmentation",
"and",
"right",
"preauricular",
"adenomegaly",
".",
"No",
"hepatosplenomegaly",
";",
"lower",
"limbs",
"without",
"oedema",
".",
"Parasitological",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"confirmed",
"by",
"the",
"Parasite",
"Biology",
"Laboratory",
"by",
"observation",
"of",
"the",
"parasite",
"in",
"smear",
"and",
"thick",
"drop",
",",
"serology",
"was",
"negative",
"with",
"indirect",
"ELISA",
"(",
"0",
".",
"021",
"D",
".",
"O",
".",
")",
"and",
"IFA",
".",
"The",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"confirmed",
"and",
",",
"prior",
"to",
"treatment",
",",
"blood",
"biometry",
",",
"blood",
"chemistry",
",",
"general",
"urine",
"examination",
"and",
"liver",
"function",
"tests",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"were",
"normal",
",",
"so",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"benznidazole",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"body",
"weight",
"per",
"day",
"for",
"30",
"days",
",",
"under",
"the",
"supervision",
"of",
"the",
"epidemiologist",
"of",
"the",
"health",
"jurisdiction",
",",
"with",
"no",
"adverse",
"reactions",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"progressed",
"asymptomatically",
"and",
"is",
"now",
"in",
"apparent",
"good",
"health",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 773,
"end": 781
},
{
"text": "Trypanosoma cruzi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1181,
"end": 1198
},
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 469,
"end": 475
},
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 988,
"end": 994
},
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1041,
"end": 1047
},
{
"text": "insects",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1122,
"end": 1129
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 225,
"end": 231
},
{
"text": "mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 391,
"end": 397
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 11,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1437,
"end": 1444
},
{
"text": "staff",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 251,
"end": 256
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 847,
"end": 855
},
{
"text": "bedbug",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1064,
"end": 1070
},
{
"text": "Parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1737,
"end": 1745
},
{
"text": "parasite",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1787,
"end": 1795
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2258,
"end": 2265
},
{
"text": "epidemiologist",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2184,
"end": 2198
}
] | en |
A 52-year-old man, farmer by profession, was admitted for cellulitis and general malaise. History: hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, dyslipidaemia.
The patient consulted because approximately 4 days earlier, while cleaning a dry ditch, he had noticed a sting on the back of the right thigh without being able to identify the insect. After 24 hours he presented a pale area of approximately 2-3 cm with well-defined borders, for which he was prescribed intramuscular methylprednisolone. After 48 hours an erythematous and painful area appeared around the lesion. On the third day he presented more erythema and pain with a dysthermic sensation and was prescribed amoxicillin and clavulanic acid without improvement, for which he consulted the emergency department. Ultrasound examination of the muscle showed marked thickening with increased echogenicity of the subcutaneous fat and a cobblestone image in superficial planes. The haemogram showed 8700 leucocytes (81.5% neutrophils), Hb15.7 mg/dl and 120,000 platelets. Biochemistry showed CRP 24 mg/L, creatinine 37/1.4 mg/dl. Given the torpid evolution of the lesion, the patient was admitted to surgery and treatment was started with piperacillin tazobactam. After 48 hours the patient consulted the Internal Medicine Department due to poor evolution of the lesion. On examination, an erythematous, warm and painful lesion on the posterior and inner aspect of the right thigh extending from the popliteal fossa to the gluteal fold and the root of the right lower limb, with a central whitish, depressed lesion measuring approximately 2 x 3 cm.
After making a differential diagnosis with compatible lesions, it was concluded that it could be a cutaneous loxocellism, which was confirmed with the evolution of the lesion. Loxocelism is poisoning caused by brown recluse spiders (Loxosceles spp.), which are arachnid species that can cause necrotic arachnoidism. They cause conditions associated with localised pain, erythema and oedema, followed by the development of necrosis. However, the specific mechanisms by which Loxosceles venom exerts these harmful symptoms are poorly understood. In the Mediterranean area, the Rufescens species is the most common and is generally found in dark places and causes only cutaneous symptoms.
The evolution of our patient's lesions supported this diagnosis, since a few days later, despite the fact that the perilesional cellulitis had improved with antibiotic therapy, a vesicle appeared, which later turned into a black eschar that ulcerated, an evolution that corresponds to the typical evolution of loxocele lesions. In addition, the complementary examinations (serology, autoimmunity, blood culture and culture of the bulla fluid) were negative for other entities.
We reviewed the treatment and management of this condition, which focused on local measures such as wound cleaning, local cold, elevated position of the affected limb, analgesia, tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics if superinfection was suspected. In addition to treatment for prevention of necrosis where there is no clear evidence as to which approach would be advisable (dapsone, tetracyclines, antihistamines or hyperbaric oxygen). In our case, local measures and antibiotic therapy were used for suspected superinfection as well as dapsone (50 mg / 12 hours as an initial dose followed by 100 mg/12 hours for 10 days). The patient required outpatient nursing care every 48 hours for approximately 1.5 months with progressive improvement of the lesion.
| [
"A",
"52-year-old",
"man",
",",
"farmer",
"by",
"profession",
",",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"cellulitis",
"and",
"general",
"malaise",
".",
"History",
":",
"hypertension",
",",
"chronic",
"renal",
"insufficiency",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"consulted",
"because",
"approximately",
"4",
"days",
"earlier",
",",
"while",
"cleaning",
"a",
"dry",
"ditch",
",",
"he",
"had",
"noticed",
"a",
"sting",
"on",
"the",
"back",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"thigh",
"without",
"being",
"able",
"to",
"identify",
"the",
"insect",
".",
"After",
"24",
"hours",
"he",
"presented",
"a",
"pale",
"area",
"of",
"approximately",
"2-3",
"cm",
"with",
"well-defined",
"borders",
",",
"for",
"which",
"he",
"was",
"prescribed",
"intramuscular",
"methylprednisolone",
".",
"After",
"48",
"hours",
"an",
"erythematous",
"and",
"painful",
"area",
"appeared",
"around",
"the",
"lesion",
".",
"On",
"the",
"third",
"day",
"he",
"presented",
"more",
"erythema",
"and",
"pain",
"with",
"a",
"dysthermic",
"sensation",
"and",
"was",
"prescribed",
"amoxicillin",
"and",
"clavulanic",
"acid",
"without",
"improvement",
",",
"for",
"which",
"he",
"consulted",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
".",
"Ultrasound",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"muscle",
"showed",
"marked",
"thickening",
"with",
"increased",
"echogenicity",
"of",
"the",
"subcutaneous",
"fat",
"and",
"a",
"cobblestone",
"image",
"in",
"superficial",
"planes",
".",
"The",
"haemogram",
"showed",
"8700",
"leucocytes",
"(",
"81",
".",
"5",
"%",
"neutrophils",
")",
",",
"Hb15",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"120",
",",
"000",
"platelets",
".",
"Biochemistry",
"showed",
"CRP",
"24",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
",",
"creatinine",
"37",
"/",
"1",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"torpid",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"surgery",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"piperacillin",
"tazobactam",
".",
"After",
"48",
"hours",
"the",
"patient",
"consulted",
"the",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"Department",
"due",
"to",
"poor",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
".",
"On",
"examination",
",",
"an",
"erythematous",
",",
"warm",
"and",
"painful",
"lesion",
"on",
"the",
"posterior",
"and",
"inner",
"aspect",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"thigh",
"extending",
"from",
"the",
"popliteal",
"fossa",
"to",
"the",
"gluteal",
"fold",
"and",
"the",
"root",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"lower",
"limb",
",",
"with",
"a",
"central",
"whitish",
",",
"depressed",
"lesion",
"measuring",
"approximately",
"2",
"x",
"3",
"cm",
".",
"After",
"making",
"a",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"with",
"compatible",
"lesions",
",",
"it",
"was",
"concluded",
"that",
"it",
"could",
"be",
"a",
"cutaneous",
"loxocellism",
",",
"which",
"was",
"confirmed",
"with",
"the",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
".",
"Loxocelism",
"is",
"poisoning",
"caused",
"by",
"brown",
"recluse",
"spiders",
"(",
"Loxosceles",
"spp",
".",
")",
",",
"which",
"are",
"arachnid",
"species",
"that",
"can",
"cause",
"necrotic",
"arachnoidism",
".",
"They",
"cause",
"conditions",
"associated",
"with",
"localised",
"pain",
",",
"erythema",
"and",
"oedema",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"necrosis",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"specific",
"mechanisms",
"by",
"which",
"Loxosceles",
"venom",
"exerts",
"these",
"harmful",
"symptoms",
"are",
"poorly",
"understood",
".",
"In",
"the",
"Mediterranean",
"area",
",",
"the",
"Rufescens",
"species",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"and",
"is",
"generally",
"found",
"in",
"dark",
"places",
"and",
"causes",
"only",
"cutaneous",
"symptoms",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"of",
"our",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"lesions",
"supported",
"this",
"diagnosis",
",",
"since",
"a",
"few",
"days",
"later",
",",
"despite",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"the",
"perilesional",
"cellulitis",
"had",
"improved",
"with",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
",",
"a",
"vesicle",
"appeared",
",",
"which",
"later",
"turned",
"into",
"a",
"black",
"eschar",
"that",
"ulcerated",
",",
"an",
"evolution",
"that",
"corresponds",
"to",
"the",
"typical",
"evolution",
"of",
"loxocele",
"lesions",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"the",
"complementary",
"examinations",
"(",
"serology",
",",
"autoimmunity",
",",
"blood",
"culture",
"and",
"culture",
"of",
"the",
"bulla",
"fluid",
")",
"were",
"negative",
"for",
"other",
"entities",
".",
"We",
"reviewed",
"the",
"treatment",
"and",
"management",
"of",
"this",
"condition",
",",
"which",
"focused",
"on",
"local",
"measures",
"such",
"as",
"wound",
"cleaning",
",",
"local",
"cold",
",",
"elevated",
"position",
"of",
"the",
"affected",
"limb",
",",
"analgesia",
",",
"tetanus",
"prophylaxis",
"and",
"antibiotics",
"if",
"superinfection",
"was",
"suspected",
".",
"In",
"addition",
"to",
"treatment",
"for",
"prevention",
"of",
"necrosis",
"where",
"there",
"is",
"no",
"clear",
"evidence",
"as",
"to",
"which",
"approach",
"would",
"be",
"advisable",
"(",
"dapsone",
",",
"tetracyclines",
",",
"antihistamines",
"or",
"hyperbaric",
"oxygen",
")",
".",
"In",
"our",
"case",
",",
"local",
"measures",
"and",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"were",
"used",
"for",
"suspected",
"superinfection",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"dapsone",
"(",
"50",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"as",
"an",
"initial",
"dose",
"followed",
"by",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"12",
"hours",
"for",
"10",
"days",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"required",
"outpatient",
"nursing",
"care",
"every",
"48",
"hours",
"for",
"approximately",
"1",
".",
"5",
"months",
"with",
"progressive",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "farmer",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 25
},
{
"text": "insect",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 334,
"end": 340
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 161,
"end": 168
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1132,
"end": 1139
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1239,
"end": 1246
},
{
"text": "arachnid species",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1866,
"end": 1882
},
{
"text": "Loxosceles spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1838,
"end": 1852
},
{
"text": "Loxosceles",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1838,
"end": 1848
},
{
"text": "Loxosceles",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2079,
"end": 2089
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2312,
"end": 2319
},
{
"text": "loxocele",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2601,
"end": 2609
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3396,
"end": 3403
}
] | en |
A 41-year-old man with fever peaking up to 40°C with shivering for the last 5 days, which subsided with antipyretics. For the last two weeks, he reported testicular pain, micturition syndrome and rectal pain unrelated to bowel movements. Physical examination revealed a fever of 39°C, with a large and painful prostate on rectal palpation. There was tachycardia, hypotension and oliguria. Laboratory tests showed leukopenia, thrombopenia and mild coagulopathy. The Sepsis Code protocol was activated and a portable abdominal ultrasound was requested, with normal kidneys. The seminal vesicles were enlarged with decreased echogenicity. The prostate was enlarged (48 mm longitudinal axis), with hypoechoic areas in the anterior lobes, which could be related to acute prostatitis. Testicular ultrasound was performed, with a small right hydrocele. He was admitted to the ICU in septic shock with renal and haemodynamic failure, thrombopenia and coagulopathy. Blood and urine cultures were taken and empirical treatment was started with ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. In view of the patient's poor evolution, an abdominal CT scan with intravenous contrast was performed. In the prostatic cell, a polylobulated collection measuring 5x4x3.2 cm was identified, open to the left ischiorectal musculature, where another collection measuring 3x1 cm was identified in relation to abscesses. Urology decided to perform surgery. In the previous transrectal ultrasound, multiple abscesses were identified and percutaneous transperineal ultrasound-guided needle drainage was performed, with extraction of 50-70 cc of purulent content. The most superficial abscess was incised, accessing the cavity that communicates with all the abscesses. The urethra was debrided, palpating the urethra, which appeared to be undamaged with a bladder catheter. All initial blood and urine cultures were sterile. In the purulent samples from the operating room, Staphylococcus capitis grew. The patient's improvement was progressive in the days following the operation, with good spontaneous diuretic rhythm with normal renal function, fully recovered platelets, normal coagulation and disappearance of the ischaemic lesions of the toes.
| [
"A",
"41-year-old",
"man",
"with",
"fever",
"peaking",
"up",
"to",
"40",
"°",
"C",
"with",
"shivering",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"5",
"days",
",",
"which",
"subsided",
"with",
"antipyretics",
".",
"For",
"the",
"last",
"two",
"weeks",
",",
"he",
"reported",
"testicular",
"pain",
",",
"micturition",
"syndrome",
"and",
"rectal",
"pain",
"unrelated",
"to",
"bowel",
"movements",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"39",
"°",
"C",
",",
"with",
"a",
"large",
"and",
"painful",
"prostate",
"on",
"rectal",
"palpation",
".",
"There",
"was",
"tachycardia",
",",
"hypotension",
"and",
"oliguria",
".",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"leukopenia",
",",
"thrombopenia",
"and",
"mild",
"coagulopathy",
".",
"The",
"Sepsis",
"Code",
"protocol",
"was",
"activated",
"and",
"a",
"portable",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"kidneys",
".",
"The",
"seminal",
"vesicles",
"were",
"enlarged",
"with",
"decreased",
"echogenicity",
".",
"The",
"prostate",
"was",
"enlarged",
"(",
"48",
"mm",
"longitudinal",
"axis",
")",
",",
"with",
"hypoechoic",
"areas",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"lobes",
",",
"which",
"could",
"be",
"related",
"to",
"acute",
"prostatitis",
".",
"Testicular",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"a",
"small",
"right",
"hydrocele",
".",
"He",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"the",
"ICU",
"in",
"septic",
"shock",
"with",
"renal",
"and",
"haemodynamic",
"failure",
",",
"thrombopenia",
"and",
"coagulopathy",
".",
"Blood",
"and",
"urine",
"cultures",
"were",
"taken",
"and",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"ciprofloxacin",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"poor",
"evolution",
",",
"an",
"abdominal",
"CT",
"scan",
"with",
"intravenous",
"contrast",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"In",
"the",
"prostatic",
"cell",
",",
"a",
"polylobulated",
"collection",
"measuring",
"5x4x3",
".",
"2",
"cm",
"was",
"identified",
",",
"open",
"to",
"the",
"left",
"ischiorectal",
"musculature",
",",
"where",
"another",
"collection",
"measuring",
"3x1",
"cm",
"was",
"identified",
"in",
"relation",
"to",
"abscesses",
".",
"Urology",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"surgery",
".",
"In",
"the",
"previous",
"transrectal",
"ultrasound",
",",
"multiple",
"abscesses",
"were",
"identified",
"and",
"percutaneous",
"transperineal",
"ultrasound-guided",
"needle",
"drainage",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"extraction",
"of",
"50-70",
"cc",
"of",
"purulent",
"content",
".",
"The",
"most",
"superficial",
"abscess",
"was",
"incised",
",",
"accessing",
"the",
"cavity",
"that",
"communicates",
"with",
"all",
"the",
"abscesses",
".",
"The",
"urethra",
"was",
"debrided",
",",
"palpating",
"the",
"urethra",
",",
"which",
"appeared",
"to",
"be",
"undamaged",
"with",
"a",
"bladder",
"catheter",
".",
"All",
"initial",
"blood",
"and",
"urine",
"cultures",
"were",
"sterile",
".",
"In",
"the",
"purulent",
"samples",
"from",
"the",
"operating",
"room",
",",
"Staphylococcus",
"capitis",
"grew",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"improvement",
"was",
"progressive",
"in",
"the",
"days",
"following",
"the",
"operation",
",",
"with",
"good",
"spontaneous",
"diuretic",
"rhythm",
"with",
"normal",
"renal",
"function",
",",
"fully",
"recovered",
"platelets",
",",
"normal",
"coagulation",
"and",
"disappearance",
"of",
"the",
"ischaemic",
"lesions",
"of",
"the",
"toes",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1080,
"end": 1087
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1964,
"end": 1971
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus capitis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1931,
"end": 1953
}
] | en |
A 59-year-old male with a high fever (39o) of 2 days' evolution and an episode of convulsive crisis. He appears stuporous.
BP 97/80 mmHg. Fc 132 bpm. SatO2 95%. Fr 22 rpm. Ta 34,2oC.
Meets criteria of SEPSIS SERIOUS: Ta34,2o. Acute renal failure (Creatinine 2,2); elevated PCT and CRP (bacterial infection); Hypotension (97/80) with signs of poor perfusion (cold and sweaty), Metabolic acidosis (low bicarbonate), elevated lactate (hypoperfusion); Oligoanuria; very striking Plateletopenia (16. 000); Tachycardia (AF at 132 x ́), Tachypnoea at 26 x ́(low pCO2). The FOCO is unknown.
Let's go in parts:
1) Sepsis-induced hypotension: 2,000 cc of Physiological Serum is administered and later in ICU 1,500 cc SF. -> Maintain BP 105/75
2) Atrial fibrillation at 130 x ́ -> IV AMIODARONE .... -> Sinus rhythm.
3) Antibiotic? After 2 blood cultures -> MEROPENEM IV, -> CLOXACILLIN + CEFOTAXIME + CYPROFLOXACIN was chosen in ICU. -> and subsequently: CLOXACILLIN + DAPTOMYCIN -> currently CLOXACILLIN + GENTAMYCIN.
4) Convulsive crisis that recurred after a few hours. CT scan: SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, probably related to plateletopenia or mycotic (= infectious) aneurysm -> treatment with IV LEVETIRACETAM is started.
5) Plateletopenia. -> Hematology consultation: "does not meet criteria for TTP, HIT, or Haemophagocytic Syndrome; ITP versus vasculitis is not ruled out in addition to the septic picture". Treatment was started with corticosteroids + platelet perfusion: a daily pool.
6) Search for FOCO: transthoracic echocardiogram was performed: NO warts were visualised.
7) Blood cultures positive for STAPHILOCOCCUS AUREUS (sensitive to methicillin).
8) Transesophageal echocardiogram was performed: an image of VERRUGE in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was visualised.
9) Consultation with Cardiovascular Surgery: surgical treatment was ruled out at the present time due to SAH. Reassessment after 6 weeks.
10) Appearance of purpuric lesions (ecchymotic) of probable embolic origin on the tips of the fingers and soles of the feet.
After a week in ICU, she remained stable. Transferred to the ward.
DIAGNOSTIC JUDGEMENT:
- MITRAL ENDOCARDITIS on valve with myxomatous degeneration due to S. AUREUS.
- SEVERE SEPSIS with RENAL FAILURE (corrected on discharge). SEVERE PLATELETOPENIA.
- SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE. generalised EPILEPTIC CRISIS.
- ACxFA (reverted to sinus rhythm).
Commentary:
Staphylococcus aureus: S.Aureus lives on human skin -> causes skin infections: folliculitis, impetigo, skin abscesses, furunculosis, mastitis, cellulitis, wound infection...(also surgical wounds)....
| [
"A",
"59-year-old",
"male",
"with",
"a",
"high",
"fever",
"(",
"39o",
")",
"of",
"2",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
"and",
"an",
"episode",
"of",
"convulsive",
"crisis",
".",
"He",
"appears",
"stuporous",
".",
"BP",
"97",
"/",
"80",
"mmHg",
".",
"Fc",
"132",
"bpm",
".",
"SatO2",
"95",
"%",
".",
"Fr",
"22",
"rpm",
".",
"Ta",
"34",
",",
"2oC",
".",
"Meets",
"criteria",
"of",
"SEPSIS",
"SERIOUS",
":",
"Ta34",
",",
"2o",
".",
"Acute",
"renal",
"failure",
"(",
"Creatinine",
"2",
",",
"2",
")",
";",
"elevated",
"PCT",
"and",
"CRP",
"(",
"bacterial",
"infection",
")",
";",
"Hypotension",
"(",
"97",
"/",
"80",
")",
"with",
"signs",
"of",
"poor",
"perfusion",
"(",
"cold",
"and",
"sweaty",
")",
",",
"Metabolic",
"acidosis",
"(",
"low",
"bicarbonate",
")",
",",
"elevated",
"lactate",
"(",
"hypoperfusion",
")",
";",
"Oligoanuria",
";",
"very",
"striking",
"Plateletopenia",
"(",
"16",
".",
"000",
")",
";",
"Tachycardia",
"(",
"AF",
"at",
"132",
"x",
"́",
")",
",",
"Tachypnoea",
"at",
"26",
"x",
"́",
"(",
"low",
"pCO2",
")",
".",
"The",
"FOCO",
"is",
"unknown",
".",
"Let",
"'",
"s",
"go",
"in",
"parts",
":",
"1",
")",
"Sepsis-induced",
"hypotension",
":",
"2",
",",
"000",
"cc",
"of",
"Physiological",
"Serum",
"is",
"administered",
"and",
"later",
"in",
"ICU",
"1",
",",
"500",
"cc",
"SF",
".",
"-",
">",
"Maintain",
"BP",
"105",
"/",
"75",
"2",
")",
"Atrial",
"fibrillation",
"at",
"130",
"x",
"́",
"-",
">",
"IV",
"AMIODARONE",
".",
".",
".",
".",
"-",
">",
"Sinus",
"rhythm",
".",
"3",
")",
"Antibiotic",
"?",
"After",
"2",
"blood",
"cultures",
"-",
">",
"MEROPENEM",
"IV",
",",
"-",
">",
"CLOXACILLIN",
"+",
"CEFOTAXIME",
"+",
"CYPROFLOXACIN",
"was",
"chosen",
"in",
"ICU",
".",
"-",
">",
"and",
"subsequently",
":",
"CLOXACILLIN",
"+",
"DAPTOMYCIN",
"-",
">",
"currently",
"CLOXACILLIN",
"+",
"GENTAMYCIN",
".",
"4",
")",
"Convulsive",
"crisis",
"that",
"recurred",
"after",
"a",
"few",
"hours",
".",
"CT",
"scan",
":",
"SUBARACHNOID",
"HEMORRHAGE",
",",
"probably",
"related",
"to",
"plateletopenia",
"or",
"mycotic",
"(",
"=",
"infectious",
")",
"aneurysm",
"-",
">",
"treatment",
"with",
"IV",
"LEVETIRACETAM",
"is",
"started",
".",
"5",
")",
"Plateletopenia",
".",
"-",
">",
"Hematology",
"consultation",
":",
"\"",
"does",
"not",
"meet",
"criteria",
"for",
"TTP",
",",
"HIT",
",",
"or",
"Haemophagocytic",
"Syndrome",
";",
"ITP",
"versus",
"vasculitis",
"is",
"not",
"ruled",
"out",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"the",
"septic",
"picture",
"\"",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
"+",
"platelet",
"perfusion",
":",
"a",
"daily",
"pool",
".",
"6",
")",
"Search",
"for",
"FOCO",
":",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
":",
"NO",
"warts",
"were",
"visualised",
".",
"7",
")",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"positive",
"for",
"STAPHILOCOCCUS",
"AUREUS",
"(",
"sensitive",
"to",
"methicillin",
")",
".",
"8",
")",
"Transesophageal",
"echocardiogram",
"was",
"performed",
":",
"an",
"image",
"of",
"VERRUGE",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"leaflet",
"of",
"the",
"mitral",
"valve",
"was",
"visualised",
".",
"9",
")",
"Consultation",
"with",
"Cardiovascular",
"Surgery",
":",
"surgical",
"treatment",
"was",
"ruled",
"out",
"at",
"the",
"present",
"time",
"due",
"to",
"SAH",
".",
"Reassessment",
"after",
"6",
"weeks",
".",
"10",
")",
"Appearance",
"of",
"purpuric",
"lesions",
"(",
"ecchymotic",
")",
"of",
"probable",
"embolic",
"origin",
"on",
"the",
"tips",
"of",
"the",
"fingers",
"and",
"soles",
"of",
"the",
"feet",
".",
"After",
"a",
"week",
"in",
"ICU",
",",
"she",
"remained",
"stable",
".",
"Transferred",
"to",
"the",
"ward",
".",
"DIAGNOSTIC",
"JUDGEMENT",
":",
"-",
"MITRAL",
"ENDOCARDITIS",
"on",
"valve",
"with",
"myxomatous",
"degeneration",
"due",
"to",
"S",
".",
"AUREUS",
".",
"-",
"SEVERE",
"SEPSIS",
"with",
"RENAL",
"FAILURE",
"(",
"corrected",
"on",
"discharge",
")",
".",
"SEVERE",
"PLATELETOPENIA",
".",
"-",
"SUBARACHNOID",
"HAEMORRHAGE",
".",
"generalised",
"EPILEPTIC",
"CRISIS",
".",
"-",
"ACxFA",
"(",
"reverted",
"to",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
")",
".",
"Commentary",
":",
"Staphylococcus",
"aureus",
":",
"S",
".",
"Aureus",
"lives",
"on",
"human",
"skin",
"-",
">",
"causes",
"skin",
"infections",
":",
"folliculitis",
",",
"impetigo",
",",
"skin",
"abscesses",
",",
"furunculosis",
",",
"mastitis",
",",
"cellulitis",
",",
"wound",
"infection",
".",
".",
".",
"(",
"also",
"surgical",
"wounds",
")",
".",
".",
".",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 18
},
{
"text": "S. AUREUS",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2217,
"end": 2226
},
{
"text": "Staphylococcus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2422,
"end": 2436
},
{
"text": "S.Aureus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2445,
"end": 2453
}
] | en |
Eight year old boy referred from the ophthalmology department for right palpebral and periorbital pruritic vesicular-crusted arracial lesions, diagnosed with palpebral herpes zoster that did not improve with topical acyclovir and tobramycin eye drops. For this reason, the antiviral was replaced by its oral presentation, without improvement in six days, and he then decided to withdraw the acyclovir and consult Dermatology, where topical zinc sulphate and sertaconazole were prescribed after taking a skin culture, labelling the periorbital lesion as tinea faciei and adding a topical corticoid to mitigate the hyperkeratotic and desquamative component.
Three weeks later, the patient came for a check-up, where a slight decrease in pruritus was observed, with stagnation of the previous lesions, while still maintaining a large scaling and keratosis with a poorly defined erythematous-vesicular base. The culture was positive for Candida krusei, so previous therapies were withdrawn, recommending oral griseofulvin in two daily doses with fatty foods and suspending topical corticosteroids, leading to an improvement in the condition with disappearance of cutaneous signs in the following 14 days.
| [
"Eight",
"year",
"old",
"boy",
"referred",
"from",
"the",
"ophthalmology",
"department",
"for",
"right",
"palpebral",
"and",
"periorbital",
"pruritic",
"vesicular-crusted",
"arracial",
"lesions",
",",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"palpebral",
"herpes",
"zoster",
"that",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
"with",
"topical",
"acyclovir",
"and",
"tobramycin",
"eye",
"drops",
".",
"For",
"this",
"reason",
",",
"the",
"antiviral",
"was",
"replaced",
"by",
"its",
"oral",
"presentation",
",",
"without",
"improvement",
"in",
"six",
"days",
",",
"and",
"he",
"then",
"decided",
"to",
"withdraw",
"the",
"acyclovir",
"and",
"consult",
"Dermatology",
",",
"where",
"topical",
"zinc",
"sulphate",
"and",
"sertaconazole",
"were",
"prescribed",
"after",
"taking",
"a",
"skin",
"culture",
",",
"labelling",
"the",
"periorbital",
"lesion",
"as",
"tinea",
"faciei",
"and",
"adding",
"a",
"topical",
"corticoid",
"to",
"mitigate",
"the",
"hyperkeratotic",
"and",
"desquamative",
"component",
".",
"Three",
"weeks",
"later",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"came",
"for",
"a",
"check-up",
",",
"where",
"a",
"slight",
"decrease",
"in",
"pruritus",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"with",
"stagnation",
"of",
"the",
"previous",
"lesions",
",",
"while",
"still",
"maintaining",
"a",
"large",
"scaling",
"and",
"keratosis",
"with",
"a",
"poorly",
"defined",
"erythematous-vesicular",
"base",
".",
"The",
"culture",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"Candida",
"krusei",
",",
"so",
"previous",
"therapies",
"were",
"withdrawn",
",",
"recommending",
"oral",
"griseofulvin",
"in",
"two",
"daily",
"doses",
"with",
"fatty",
"foods",
"and",
"suspending",
"topical",
"corticosteroids",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"an",
"improvement",
"in",
"the",
"condition",
"with",
"disappearance",
"of",
"cutaneous",
"signs",
"in",
"the",
"following",
"14",
"days",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "herpes zoster",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 168,
"end": 181
},
{
"text": "antiviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 273,
"end": 282
},
{
"text": "Candida krusei",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 934,
"end": 948
}
] | en |
A 74-year-old man attended the Emergency Department with hypogastric pain, fever and dysuria of 48 hours' duration. His personal history included hypertension treated with captopril, hyperlipidaemia treated with atorvastatin and hyperuricaemia treated with allopurinol. Physical examination revealed a palpable, painful, large mass occupying the hypogastrium and both iliac fossae. Blood tests showed 25,930 leukocytes with a marked left shift and urinary sediment analysis showed 3-5 leukocytes/field, microhaematuria with positive nitrites in the dipstick. An abdominal ultrasound was requested, which revealed a possible abscess in the hypogastrium measuring 15 x 9.2 x 7.3 cm. The study was completed with an abdominal-pelvic CT scan showing an image with a liquid level measuring 15 x 9 x 9 x 8 cm in the hypogastrium, above the bladder dome, in close relation to the ileocecal area, compatible with an abscess added to a benign or malignant neoformative process in the area.
With the diagnostic hypothesis of an infected urachal cyst, percutaneous drainage was performed and samples were taken for microbiology and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy was started. Serial cultures isolated Leuconostoc spp, Streptococcus intermedius, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides ovatus, Corynebacterium spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
During admission, the study was completed with a new CT scan, which provided no new information with respect to the previous one; opaque enema, which provided no information on the origin of the symptoms; colonoscopy, which showed no alteration at the colonic level; and cystoscopy, in which the bladder mucosa was observed to be intact.
Once the study was completed, an exploratory laparotomy of the lesion was decided. After performing a mid laparotomy, an independent bladder mass was observed, intensely adhered to the intestinal loops and cecum.
It was excised and accidentally opened, with mucoid material coming out, which was sent for intraoperative anatomical-pathological study, ruling out malignancy. An ilio-ceco-appendicular lymphadenectomy was then performed (with an intraoperative freezing diagnosis of absence of malignancy) and segmental appendico-cecal resection. The final pathological diagnosis was appendicular mucinous cystadenoma (mucocele).
The postoperative period was favourable, except for infection of the surgical wound, and the patient was discharged one month after the operation. The patient lived an independent life and was asymptomatic until one year after surgery, when he died of sudden cardiac death.
| [
"A",
"74-year-old",
"man",
"attended",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"with",
"hypogastric",
"pain",
",",
"fever",
"and",
"dysuria",
"of",
"48",
"hours",
"'",
"duration",
".",
"His",
"personal",
"history",
"included",
"hypertension",
"treated",
"with",
"captopril",
",",
"hyperlipidaemia",
"treated",
"with",
"atorvastatin",
"and",
"hyperuricaemia",
"treated",
"with",
"allopurinol",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"palpable",
",",
"painful",
",",
"large",
"mass",
"occupying",
"the",
"hypogastrium",
"and",
"both",
"iliac",
"fossae",
".",
"Blood",
"tests",
"showed",
"25",
",",
"930",
"leukocytes",
"with",
"a",
"marked",
"left",
"shift",
"and",
"urinary",
"sediment",
"analysis",
"showed",
"3-5",
"leukocytes",
"/",
"field",
",",
"microhaematuria",
"with",
"positive",
"nitrites",
"in",
"the",
"dipstick",
".",
"An",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
"was",
"requested",
",",
"which",
"revealed",
"a",
"possible",
"abscess",
"in",
"the",
"hypogastrium",
"measuring",
"15",
"x",
"9",
".",
"2",
"x",
"7",
".",
"3",
"cm",
".",
"The",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"an",
"abdominal-pelvic",
"CT",
"scan",
"showing",
"an",
"image",
"with",
"a",
"liquid",
"level",
"measuring",
"15",
"x",
"9",
"x",
"9",
"x",
"8",
"cm",
"in",
"the",
"hypogastrium",
",",
"above",
"the",
"bladder",
"dome",
",",
"in",
"close",
"relation",
"to",
"the",
"ileocecal",
"area",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"an",
"abscess",
"added",
"to",
"a",
"benign",
"or",
"malignant",
"neoformative",
"process",
"in",
"the",
"area",
".",
"With",
"the",
"diagnostic",
"hypothesis",
"of",
"an",
"infected",
"urachal",
"cyst",
",",
"percutaneous",
"drainage",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"samples",
"were",
"taken",
"for",
"microbiology",
"and",
"broad-spectrum",
"intravenous",
"antibiotic",
"therapy",
"was",
"started",
".",
"Serial",
"cultures",
"isolated",
"Leuconostoc",
"spp",
",",
"Streptococcus",
"intermedius",
",",
"Clostridium",
"perfringens",
",",
"Escherichia",
"coli",
",",
"Bacteroides",
"ovatus",
",",
"Corynebacterium",
"spp",
".",
"and",
"Pseudomonas",
"aeruginosa",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"the",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
"with",
"a",
"new",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"which",
"provided",
"no",
"new",
"information",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
";",
"opaque",
"enema",
",",
"which",
"provided",
"no",
"information",
"on",
"the",
"origin",
"of",
"the",
"symptoms",
";",
"colonoscopy",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"no",
"alteration",
"at",
"the",
"colonic",
"level",
";",
"and",
"cystoscopy",
",",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"bladder",
"mucosa",
"was",
"observed",
"to",
"be",
"intact",
".",
"Once",
"the",
"study",
"was",
"completed",
",",
"an",
"exploratory",
"laparotomy",
"of",
"the",
"lesion",
"was",
"decided",
".",
"After",
"performing",
"a",
"mid",
"laparotomy",
",",
"an",
"independent",
"bladder",
"mass",
"was",
"observed",
",",
"intensely",
"adhered",
"to",
"the",
"intestinal",
"loops",
"and",
"cecum",
".",
"It",
"was",
"excised",
"and",
"accidentally",
"opened",
",",
"with",
"mucoid",
"material",
"coming",
"out",
",",
"which",
"was",
"sent",
"for",
"intraoperative",
"anatomical-pathological",
"study",
",",
"ruling",
"out",
"malignancy",
".",
"An",
"ilio-ceco-appendicular",
"lymphadenectomy",
"was",
"then",
"performed",
"(",
"with",
"an",
"intraoperative",
"freezing",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"absence",
"of",
"malignancy",
")",
"and",
"segmental",
"appendico-cecal",
"resection",
".",
"The",
"final",
"pathological",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"appendicular",
"mucinous",
"cystadenoma",
"(",
"mucocele",
")",
".",
"The",
"postoperative",
"period",
"was",
"favourable",
",",
"except",
"for",
"infection",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"wound",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"one",
"month",
"after",
"the",
"operation",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"lived",
"an",
"independent",
"life",
"and",
"was",
"asymptomatic",
"until",
"one",
"year",
"after",
"surgery",
",",
"when",
"he",
"died",
"of",
"sudden",
"cardiac",
"death",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 120,
"end": 128
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus intermedius",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1223,
"end": 1248
},
{
"text": "Clostridium perfringens",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1250,
"end": 1273
},
{
"text": "Bacteroides ovatus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1293,
"end": 1311
},
{
"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1338,
"end": 1360
},
{
"text": "Leuconostoc spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1206,
"end": 1221
},
{
"text": "Escherichia coli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1275,
"end": 1291
},
{
"text": "Corynebacterium spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1313,
"end": 1332
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2422,
"end": 2429
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2480,
"end": 2487
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
Patient aged 66 years with the following personal history: no known allergies. Toxic habits: former smoker until 14 years ago, IPA 30, former heavy drinker for more than 20 years, currently drinking a glass of wine a day; no travel, currently no contact with animals, hunter, eating what he hunted but under control, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, osteoarthrosis, gouty arthritis, episodes of lumbosciatica, osteosynthesis surgery of the left lower limb (work accident). Usual treatment: fluvastatin, diacerein, omeprazole, enalapril + hydrochlorothiazide. Baseline: ARVD. No cognitive impairment. Autonomous ambulation. Retired, employed on a chicken farm. Family history: of no interest. The patient was brought to the Emergency Department due to a clinical manifestation observed by the family on the same day in the morning, consisting of impaired speech, with incoherent language and impaired comprehension. In addition, he presented time and space disorientation, deviation of the corner of the mouth to the left and gait disturbance with non-systematic lateral deviation. On the previous night he had presented several alimentary vomiting and soft stools without pathological products. No fever. No other neurological focality in the anamnesis.
On the same day he had been assessed by his primary care physician, who described in the report that the patient had an ataxic gait and a deviation of the oral commissure to the left, without meningeal signs, and referred him to the emergency department for further examination.
Physical examination
Neurological examination in the emergency department: conscious, disoriented in time. Pupils are isochoric and normally reactive. Horizontal nystagmus. No nuchal rigidity, no meningeal signs, gait ataxia with lateropulsion especially to the right. Positive Romberg's test. Rest of the examination with no findings.
On admission to the Neurology ward the following day: alert. Conscious. Obeys axial commands. Language with little fluency and isolated words. Easily intoxicated with the previous order and with two-step orders. Nominates 1/3. Does not repeat. Obeys commands by imitation after repeated several times. Disoriented in time and space. Persevering. No campimetric defects due to threat reflex. FO: uncooperative, continuous movement compatible with nystagmus. Pupils are isochoric and normoreactive. EOM: inadequate cooperation, no ophthalmoparesis. Mild left central facial paresis. No claudication in Barré or Mingazzini. Tactoalgesic sensitivity: withdraws in response to nociceptive stimulus. REM +/++++ and symmetrical. RCP: bilateral flexor. Impossibility to maintain sitting and standing. Coordination: no finger-nose dysmetry. No meningeal signs. Blood pressure 160/90 mmHg, heart rate 82 bpm, baseline O2 saturation 90%, eupneic, afebrile.
Somatic examination: no skin lesions. Head and neck: no findings. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic, no murmurs. Pulmonary auscultation: preserved vesicular murmur, bibasal crackles more intense in the right base, disseminated rhonchi. Abdomen: no findings. Extremities: bony deviation at the left external supramalleolar level post-surgery. Rest normal.
Complementary tests
- CBC: normal. Coagulation: ATIII deficiency (68%). Proteinogram normal. IgG 2211 and IgA 533. Beta-2-microglobulin: 1559. Negative tumour markers. Normal autoimmunity study. Blood culture and urine culture: negative. Blood serology: Brucella, HIV hepatitis B and C and lues negative. CSF: cells: 5 red blood cells: 1 glucose: 84 proteins: 183 lactic acid: 2.8 alb: 102.8 adal: 4 gram.
- CSF: no microorganisms observed. Culture: sterile fungi and mycobacteria. PCR herpes virus: no HSV or VZV detected.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): sinus rhythm at 67 bpm, normal electrical axis, without repolarisation alterations.
- Posteroanterior chest X-ray: rotated, increased CTI, no visualisation of the left costophrenic sinus, with left basal infiltrate.
- Echocardiography: cardiac cavities of normal size. Biventricular function preserved. No significant valvulopathies. No abnormal images.
- Complete abdominal ultrasound: normal.
- Gastroscopy: lymphangiectasia. Gastric cavity partially assessable for food content.
- Electroencephalogram (EEG): slowed brain activity for the patient's age.
- Urgent brain computed tomography (CT): no acute intra- or extra-axial bleeding observed at the present time. Preserved midline. Symmetrical sulci, cisterns and ventricles. No assessable parenchymal alterations.
- Cerebral MRI: in FLAIR and T2, extensive areas of signal alteration are observed at the level of the brainstem, subcallosal gyri and hippocampal regions bilaterally, peripherally to both lenticular nuclei and very discreetly in the left thalamus. Brain MRI in FLAIR axial section, showing hyperintensity peripherally to both lenticular nuclei.
Diagnosis
- Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy.
- Lower respiratory tract infection.
- Antithrombin III deficiency.
- Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia.
Treatment
Thiamine 300 mg/8 h intravenous.
Evolution
In addition to treatment with intravenous thiamine, treatment was initially started with acyclovir and ampicillin to protect against a probable neuroinfection by herpes virus and Listeria. After performing a brain MRI, which was compatible with the diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy, and given the negative results of the cultures and PCR for neurotropic virus, treatment was continued only with intravenous thiamine and later orally. As a complication during admission, he presented a lower respiratory tract infection that subsided after treatment with antibiotics, bronchodilators and mucolytics. The control brain MRI 8 days later showed a clear radiological improvement, with persistence of only a slight increase in FLAIR signal in the hippocampus. The neurological examination at discharge showed only an unstable tandem, the rest of the examination being normal. Reviewed at 3 months, the patient remained asymptomatic, with a normal neurological examination.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"Patient",
"aged",
"66",
"years",
"with",
"the",
"following",
"personal",
"history",
":",
"no",
"known",
"allergies",
".",
"Toxic",
"habits",
":",
"former",
"smoker",
"until",
"14",
"years",
"ago",
",",
"IPA",
"30",
",",
"former",
"heavy",
"drinker",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"20",
"years",
",",
"currently",
"drinking",
"a",
"glass",
"of",
"wine",
"a",
"day",
";",
"no",
"travel",
",",
"currently",
"no",
"contact",
"with",
"animals",
",",
"hunter",
",",
"eating",
"what",
"he",
"hunted",
"but",
"under",
"control",
",",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"hypercholesterolemia",
",",
"polyclonal",
"hypergammaglobulinemia",
",",
"osteoarthrosis",
",",
"gouty",
"arthritis",
",",
"episodes",
"of",
"lumbosciatica",
",",
"osteosynthesis",
"surgery",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"lower",
"limb",
"(",
"work",
"accident",
")",
".",
"Usual",
"treatment",
":",
"fluvastatin",
",",
"diacerein",
",",
"omeprazole",
",",
"enalapril",
"+",
"hydrochlorothiazide",
".",
"Baseline",
":",
"ARVD",
".",
"No",
"cognitive",
"impairment",
".",
"Autonomous",
"ambulation",
".",
"Retired",
",",
"employed",
"on",
"a",
"chicken",
"farm",
".",
"Family",
"history",
":",
"of",
"no",
"interest",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"brought",
"to",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"due",
"to",
"a",
"clinical",
"manifestation",
"observed",
"by",
"the",
"family",
"on",
"the",
"same",
"day",
"in",
"the",
"morning",
",",
"consisting",
"of",
"impaired",
"speech",
",",
"with",
"incoherent",
"language",
"and",
"impaired",
"comprehension",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"time",
"and",
"space",
"disorientation",
",",
"deviation",
"of",
"the",
"corner",
"of",
"the",
"mouth",
"to",
"the",
"left",
"and",
"gait",
"disturbance",
"with",
"non-systematic",
"lateral",
"deviation",
".",
"On",
"the",
"previous",
"night",
"he",
"had",
"presented",
"several",
"alimentary",
"vomiting",
"and",
"soft",
"stools",
"without",
"pathological",
"products",
".",
"No",
"fever",
".",
"No",
"other",
"neurological",
"focality",
"in",
"the",
"anamnesis",
".",
"On",
"the",
"same",
"day",
"he",
"had",
"been",
"assessed",
"by",
"his",
"primary",
"care",
"physician",
",",
"who",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"report",
"that",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"an",
"ataxic",
"gait",
"and",
"a",
"deviation",
"of",
"the",
"oral",
"commissure",
"to",
"the",
"left",
",",
"without",
"meningeal",
"signs",
",",
"and",
"referred",
"him",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"further",
"examination",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Neurological",
"examination",
"in",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
":",
"conscious",
",",
"disoriented",
"in",
"time",
".",
"Pupils",
"are",
"isochoric",
"and",
"normally",
"reactive",
".",
"Horizontal",
"nystagmus",
".",
"No",
"nuchal",
"rigidity",
",",
"no",
"meningeal",
"signs",
",",
"gait",
"ataxia",
"with",
"lateropulsion",
"especially",
"to",
"the",
"right",
".",
"Positive",
"Romberg",
"'",
"s",
"test",
".",
"Rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"with",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"On",
"admission",
"to",
"the",
"Neurology",
"ward",
"the",
"following",
"day",
":",
"alert",
".",
"Conscious",
".",
"Obeys",
"axial",
"commands",
".",
"Language",
"with",
"little",
"fluency",
"and",
"isolated",
"words",
".",
"Easily",
"intoxicated",
"with",
"the",
"previous",
"order",
"and",
"with",
"two-step",
"orders",
".",
"Nominates",
"1",
"/",
"3",
".",
"Does",
"not",
"repeat",
".",
"Obeys",
"commands",
"by",
"imitation",
"after",
"repeated",
"several",
"times",
".",
"Disoriented",
"in",
"time",
"and",
"space",
".",
"Persevering",
".",
"No",
"campimetric",
"defects",
"due",
"to",
"threat",
"reflex",
".",
"FO",
":",
"uncooperative",
",",
"continuous",
"movement",
"compatible",
"with",
"nystagmus",
".",
"Pupils",
"are",
"isochoric",
"and",
"normoreactive",
".",
"EOM",
":",
"inadequate",
"cooperation",
",",
"no",
"ophthalmoparesis",
".",
"Mild",
"left",
"central",
"facial",
"paresis",
".",
"No",
"claudication",
"in",
"Barré",
"or",
"Mingazzini",
".",
"Tactoalgesic",
"sensitivity",
":",
"withdraws",
"in",
"response",
"to",
"nociceptive",
"stimulus",
".",
"REM",
"+",
"/",
"+",
"+",
"+",
"+",
"and",
"symmetrical",
".",
"RCP",
":",
"bilateral",
"flexor",
".",
"Impossibility",
"to",
"maintain",
"sitting",
"and",
"standing",
".",
"Coordination",
":",
"no",
"finger-nose",
"dysmetry",
".",
"No",
"meningeal",
"signs",
".",
"Blood",
"pressure",
"160",
"/",
"90",
"mmHg",
",",
"heart",
"rate",
"82",
"bpm",
",",
"baseline",
"O2",
"saturation",
"90",
"%",
",",
"eupneic",
",",
"afebrile",
".",
"Somatic",
"examination",
":",
"no",
"skin",
"lesions",
".",
"Head",
"and",
"neck",
":",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
":",
"rhythmic",
",",
"no",
"murmurs",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"preserved",
"vesicular",
"murmur",
",",
"bibasal",
"crackles",
"more",
"intense",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"base",
",",
"disseminated",
"rhonchi",
".",
"Abdomen",
":",
"no",
"findings",
".",
"Extremities",
":",
"bony",
"deviation",
"at",
"the",
"left",
"external",
"supramalleolar",
"level",
"post-surgery",
".",
"Rest",
"normal",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"CBC",
":",
"normal",
".",
"Coagulation",
":",
"ATIII",
"deficiency",
"(",
"68",
"%",
")",
".",
"Proteinogram",
"normal",
".",
"IgG",
"2211",
"and",
"IgA",
"533",
".",
"Beta-2-microglobulin",
":",
"1559",
".",
"Negative",
"tumour",
"markers",
".",
"Normal",
"autoimmunity",
"study",
".",
"Blood",
"culture",
"and",
"urine",
"culture",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Blood",
"serology",
":",
"Brucella",
",",
"HIV",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"and",
"C",
"and",
"lues",
"negative",
".",
"CSF",
":",
"cells",
":",
"5",
"red",
"blood",
"cells",
":",
"1",
"glucose",
":",
"84",
"proteins",
":",
"183",
"lactic",
"acid",
":",
"2",
".",
"8",
"alb",
":",
"102",
".",
"8",
"adal",
":",
"4",
"gram",
".",
"-",
"CSF",
":",
"no",
"microorganisms",
"observed",
".",
"Culture",
":",
"sterile",
"fungi",
"and",
"mycobacteria",
".",
"PCR",
"herpes",
"virus",
":",
"no",
"HSV",
"or",
"VZV",
"detected",
".",
"-",
"Electrocardiogram",
"(",
"ECG",
")",
":",
"sinus",
"rhythm",
"at",
"67",
"bpm",
",",
"normal",
"electrical",
"axis",
",",
"without",
"repolarisation",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Posteroanterior",
"chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"rotated",
",",
"increased",
"CTI",
",",
"no",
"visualisation",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"costophrenic",
"sinus",
",",
"with",
"left",
"basal",
"infiltrate",
".",
"-",
"Echocardiography",
":",
"cardiac",
"cavities",
"of",
"normal",
"size",
".",
"Biventricular",
"function",
"preserved",
".",
"No",
"significant",
"valvulopathies",
".",
"No",
"abnormal",
"images",
".",
"-",
"Complete",
"abdominal",
"ultrasound",
":",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Gastroscopy",
":",
"lymphangiectasia",
".",
"Gastric",
"cavity",
"partially",
"assessable",
"for",
"food",
"content",
".",
"-",
"Electroencephalogram",
"(",
"EEG",
")",
":",
"slowed",
"brain",
"activity",
"for",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"age",
".",
"-",
"Urgent",
"brain",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
":",
"no",
"acute",
"intra",
"-",
"or",
"extra-axial",
"bleeding",
"observed",
"at",
"the",
"present",
"time",
".",
"Preserved",
"midline",
".",
"Symmetrical",
"sulci",
",",
"cisterns",
"and",
"ventricles",
".",
"No",
"assessable",
"parenchymal",
"alterations",
".",
"-",
"Cerebral",
"MRI",
":",
"in",
"FLAIR",
"and",
"T2",
",",
"extensive",
"areas",
"of",
"signal",
"alteration",
"are",
"observed",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"brainstem",
",",
"subcallosal",
"gyri",
"and",
"hippocampal",
"regions",
"bilaterally",
",",
"peripherally",
"to",
"both",
"lenticular",
"nuclei",
"and",
"very",
"discreetly",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"thalamus",
".",
"Brain",
"MRI",
"in",
"FLAIR",
"axial",
"section",
",",
"showing",
"hyperintensity",
"peripherally",
"to",
"both",
"lenticular",
"nuclei",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"-",
"Wernicke-Korsakoff",
"encephalopathy",
".",
"-",
"Lower",
"respiratory",
"tract",
"infection",
".",
"-",
"Antithrombin",
"III",
"deficiency",
".",
"-",
"Polyclonal",
"hypergammaglobulinaemia",
".",
"Treatment",
"Thiamine",
"300",
"mg",
"/",
"8",
"h",
"intravenous",
".",
"Evolution",
"In",
"addition",
"to",
"treatment",
"with",
"intravenous",
"thiamine",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"initially",
"started",
"with",
"acyclovir",
"and",
"ampicillin",
"to",
"protect",
"against",
"a",
"probable",
"neuroinfection",
"by",
"herpes",
"virus",
"and",
"Listeria",
".",
"After",
"performing",
"a",
"brain",
"MRI",
",",
"which",
"was",
"compatible",
"with",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"Wernicke",
"'",
"s",
"encephalopathy",
",",
"and",
"given",
"the",
"negative",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"cultures",
"and",
"PCR",
"for",
"neurotropic",
"virus",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"continued",
"only",
"with",
"intravenous",
"thiamine",
"and",
"later",
"orally",
".",
"As",
"a",
"complication",
"during",
"admission",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"a",
"lower",
"respiratory",
"tract",
"infection",
"that",
"subsided",
"after",
"treatment",
"with",
"antibiotics",
",",
"bronchodilators",
"and",
"mucolytics",
".",
"The",
"control",
"brain",
"MRI",
"8",
"days",
"later",
"showed",
"a",
"clear",
"radiological",
"improvement",
",",
"with",
"persistence",
"of",
"only",
"a",
"slight",
"increase",
"in",
"FLAIR",
"signal",
"in",
"the",
"hippocampus",
".",
"The",
"neurological",
"examination",
"at",
"discharge",
"showed",
"only",
"an",
"unstable",
"tandem",
",",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"being",
"normal",
".",
"Reviewed",
"at",
"3",
"months",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
",",
"with",
"a",
"normal",
"neurological",
"examination",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Retired",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 680,
"end": 687
},
{
"text": "Patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 10,
"end": 17
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 753,
"end": 760
},
{
"text": "animals",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 269,
"end": 276
},
{
"text": "Family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 717,
"end": 723
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 849,
"end": 855
},
{
"text": "personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 51,
"end": 59
},
{
"text": "hunter",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 278,
"end": 284
},
{
"text": "chicken",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 703,
"end": 710
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1416,
"end": 1423
},
{
"text": "primary care physician",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1355,
"end": 1377
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3480,
"end": 3488
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3490,
"end": 3493
},
{
"text": "lues",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3516,
"end": 3520
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3494,
"end": 3505
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B and C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3494,
"end": 3511
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3729,
"end": 3732
},
{
"text": "VZV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3736,
"end": 3739
},
{
"text": "herpes virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3712,
"end": 3724
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3684,
"end": 3689
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3694,
"end": 3706
},
{
"text": "microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3642,
"end": 3656
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4319,
"end": 4326
},
{
"text": "Listeria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5281,
"end": 5289
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 6004,
"end": 6011
},
{
"text": "herpes virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5264,
"end": 5276
}
] | en |
We present a 21 year old homosexual male with no pathological history of interest, who was referred to the gastroenterology department for "anal pruritus of 9 months' evolution resistant to usual treatment". During this time, his doctor had prescribed local treatment with various corticoid creams and hygienic-dietary measures without improvement. Anal examination revealed the presence of a pigmented lesion with slightly verrucous borders in the posterior perianal region. Rectal examination and anuscopy were normal.
A skin biopsy was performed and histology revealed the presence of hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis with altered cell maturation, affecting the entire thickness of the dermis. This was compatible with bowenoid papillomatosis (anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1). Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were negative and other immunodeficiencies were ruled out.
| [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"21",
"year",
"old",
"homosexual",
"male",
"with",
"no",
"pathological",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
",",
"who",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"gastroenterology",
"department",
"for",
"\"",
"anal",
"pruritus",
"of",
"9",
"months",
"'",
"evolution",
"resistant",
"to",
"usual",
"treatment",
"\"",
".",
"During",
"this",
"time",
",",
"his",
"doctor",
"had",
"prescribed",
"local",
"treatment",
"with",
"various",
"corticoid",
"creams",
"and",
"hygienic-dietary",
"measures",
"without",
"improvement",
".",
"Anal",
"examination",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"pigmented",
"lesion",
"with",
"slightly",
"verrucous",
"borders",
"in",
"the",
"posterior",
"perianal",
"region",
".",
"Rectal",
"examination",
"and",
"anuscopy",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"A",
"skin",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"histology",
"revealed",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"hyperkeratosis",
"and",
"parakeratosis",
"with",
"altered",
"cell",
"maturation",
",",
"affecting",
"the",
"entire",
"thickness",
"of",
"the",
"dermis",
".",
"This",
"was",
"compatible",
"with",
"bowenoid",
"papillomatosis",
"(",
"anal",
"intraepithelial",
"neoplasia",
"grade",
"1",
")",
".",
"Antibodies",
"to",
"human",
"immunodeficiency",
"virus",
"(",
"HIV",
")",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"other",
"immunodeficiencies",
"were",
"ruled",
"out",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "doctor",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 230,
"end": 236
},
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 36,
"end": 40
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 833,
"end": 836
},
{
"text": "human immunodeficiency virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 803,
"end": 831
}
] | en |
A 3-year-old boy with a 2-day fever associated with an emetic cough. Mother reported poor oral tolerance to food.
Personal and family history
Not relevant.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Weight 17.4 kg, T 38.4 ̊C axillary. Good general condition, hydrated, no respiratory distress. Pulmonary cardiac auscultation. Pulmonary auscultation: crackles in the right upper lobe area with hypoventilation in that area. Abdomen soft, depressible, non-painful, no masses or visceromegaly palpable. The rest of the examination was normal.
COMPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS
Haemogram: Hties 4.2 Hb 10.7 g/dL. Ht 30.4%. Leukocytes 13 100/mm3 Neutrophils 88.8%, lymphocytes 4.8%, CRP 42.7 mg/dL. Platelets 233 000/ mm3
Virus in nasal exudate: negative.
Blood biochemistry: within normal limits.
Chest X-ray: condensation in the right upper lobe.
Ex-auxiliary (hospitalisation): Mantoux negative. Haemogram (4th day): Hb 10.7, Ht 32.5%. Leukocytes 7500/mm3. Neutrophils 57.1%. Lymphocytes 24.9%. CRP 3.1 mg/dL. Platelets 404 000. Blood culture: negative
EVOLUTION
Treatment was started with cefotaxime 1 g IV c/8h for 72 hours with a switch to oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid at 80mg/kg/day, which was maintained until 6 days later. The evolution was favourable, with remission of fever and emetic cough. At discharge (6th day) serology was obtained for C burnetti, phase II antigen: Ig M 50, IgG: negative.
FINAL DIAGNOSIS
Coxiella burnetti pneumonia (Q Fever)
| [
"A",
"3-year-old",
"boy",
"with",
"a",
"2-day",
"fever",
"associated",
"with",
"an",
"emetic",
"cough",
".",
"Mother",
"reported",
"poor",
"oral",
"tolerance",
"to",
"food",
".",
"Personal",
"and",
"family",
"history",
"Not",
"relevant",
".",
"PHYSICAL",
"EXAMINATION",
"Weight",
"17",
".",
"4",
"kg",
",",
"T",
"38",
".",
"4",
"̊",
"C",
"axillary",
".",
"Good",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"hydrated",
",",
"no",
"respiratory",
"distress",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"cardiac",
"auscultation",
".",
"Pulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"crackles",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
"area",
"with",
"hypoventilation",
"in",
"that",
"area",
".",
"Abdomen",
"soft",
",",
"depressible",
",",
"non-painful",
",",
"no",
"masses",
"or",
"visceromegaly",
"palpable",
".",
"The",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"examination",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"COMPLEMENTARY",
"EXAMINATIONS",
"Haemogram",
":",
"Hties",
"4",
".",
"2",
"Hb",
"10",
".",
"7",
"g",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"Ht",
"30",
".",
"4",
"%",
".",
"Leukocytes",
"13",
"100",
"/",
"mm3",
"Neutrophils",
"88",
".",
"8",
"%",
",",
"lymphocytes",
"4",
".",
"8",
"%",
",",
"CRP",
"42",
".",
"7",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"Platelets",
"233",
"000",
"/",
"mm3",
"Virus",
"in",
"nasal",
"exudate",
":",
"negative",
".",
"Blood",
"biochemistry",
":",
"within",
"normal",
"limits",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
":",
"condensation",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"upper",
"lobe",
".",
"Ex-auxiliary",
"(",
"hospitalisation",
")",
":",
"Mantoux",
"negative",
".",
"Haemogram",
"(",
"4th",
"day",
")",
":",
"Hb",
"10",
".",
"7",
",",
"Ht",
"32",
".",
"5",
"%",
".",
"Leukocytes",
"7500",
"/",
"mm3",
".",
"Neutrophils",
"57",
".",
"1",
"%",
".",
"Lymphocytes",
"24",
".",
"9",
"%",
".",
"CRP",
"3",
".",
"1",
"mg",
"/",
"dL",
".",
"Platelets",
"404",
"000",
".",
"Blood",
"culture",
":",
"negative",
"EVOLUTION",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"cefotaxime",
"1",
"g",
"IV",
"c",
"/",
"8h",
"for",
"72",
"hours",
"with",
"a",
"switch",
"to",
"oral",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"at",
"80mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
",",
"which",
"was",
"maintained",
"until",
"6",
"days",
"later",
".",
"The",
"evolution",
"was",
"favourable",
",",
"with",
"remission",
"of",
"fever",
"and",
"emetic",
"cough",
".",
"At",
"discharge",
"(",
"6th",
"day",
")",
"serology",
"was",
"obtained",
"for",
"C",
"burnetti",
",",
"phase",
"II",
"antigen",
":",
"Ig",
"M",
"50",
",",
"IgG",
":",
"negative",
".",
"FINAL",
"DIAGNOSIS",
"Coxiella",
"burnetti",
"pneumonia",
"(",
"Q",
"Fever",
")"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Mother",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 69,
"end": 75
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 128,
"end": 134
},
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 115,
"end": 123
},
{
"text": "Virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 691,
"end": 696
},
{
"text": "C burnetti",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1328,
"end": 1338
},
{
"text": "Coxiella burnetti",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1399,
"end": 1416
}
] | en |
67-year-old male with a history of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, stenosis of the left post-vertebral subclavian artery, hypothyroidism, squamous cell carcinoma operated on in 2013 and panuveitis of the left eye in 2016 of possible tuberculous origin. Currently on treatment with simvastatin, omeprazole, levothyroxine and atenolol.
She came to the emergency department for pain, swelling and increased temperature in her right knee three days after a holiday trip. No thermometric fever or associated dysthermic sensation. She reported a progressive increase in dorsal-lumbar pain, previously treated with local heat that caused a burn. In addition, his relatives had noticed drooping of the right eyelid, for which reason they had gone to the emergency department three days earlier and Neurology diagnosed incomplete Horner's Syndrome, requesting MRI for study. No neurological focality or visual symptoms.
Arthrocentesis was performed in the Emergency Department, with isolation of S. agalactiae. Drainage was performed (atrotomy+synovectomy) and treatment was started with Ampicillin.
During admission the patient presented fever of up to 38.5oC with torpid evolution of the knee and persistent positive cultures for S.agalactiae, so a new open surgical lavage was performed, with good subsequent evolution, with negative cultures and no other added symptoms. During admission, MRI was performed with diagnoses compatible with meningitis, ventriculitis and spondylodiscitis T8-T10, with associated epidural mass, with positive multiple PCR for S. agalactiae, with negative cultures. In view of these findings, intravenous antibiotherapy with penicillin G and linezolid was reintroduced due to the good penetration of the latter in CSF. Finally, the patient had a good clinical and analytical evolution and was discharged with oral Linezolid treatment, with a diagnosis of invasive disease due to Streptococcus agalactiae with joint and meningeal involvement and associated spondylodiscitis.
On subsequent outpatient review, the patient presented asthenia, paraesthesia, with loss of ROTS, so EMG was performed with a diagnosis of axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, probably secondary to linezolid, together with anaemia and thrombopenia, so the drug was discontinued. Subsequent check-ups showed no clinical or analytical data of recurrence.
| [
"67-year-old",
"male",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"hypertension",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
",",
"stenosis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"post-vertebral",
"subclavian",
"artery",
",",
"hypothyroidism",
",",
"squamous",
"cell",
"carcinoma",
"operated",
"on",
"in",
"2013",
"and",
"panuveitis",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"eye",
"in",
"2016",
"of",
"possible",
"tuberculous",
"origin",
".",
"Currently",
"on",
"treatment",
"with",
"simvastatin",
",",
"omeprazole",
",",
"levothyroxine",
"and",
"atenolol",
".",
"She",
"came",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"for",
"pain",
",",
"swelling",
"and",
"increased",
"temperature",
"in",
"her",
"right",
"knee",
"three",
"days",
"after",
"a",
"holiday",
"trip",
".",
"No",
"thermometric",
"fever",
"or",
"associated",
"dysthermic",
"sensation",
".",
"She",
"reported",
"a",
"progressive",
"increase",
"in",
"dorsal-lumbar",
"pain",
",",
"previously",
"treated",
"with",
"local",
"heat",
"that",
"caused",
"a",
"burn",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"his",
"relatives",
"had",
"noticed",
"drooping",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"eyelid",
",",
"for",
"which",
"reason",
"they",
"had",
"gone",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"three",
"days",
"earlier",
"and",
"Neurology",
"diagnosed",
"incomplete",
"Horner",
"'",
"s",
"Syndrome",
",",
"requesting",
"MRI",
"for",
"study",
".",
"No",
"neurological",
"focality",
"or",
"visual",
"symptoms",
".",
"Arthrocentesis",
"was",
"performed",
"in",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
",",
"with",
"isolation",
"of",
"S",
".",
"agalactiae",
".",
"Drainage",
"was",
"performed",
"(",
"atrotomy",
"+",
"synovectomy",
")",
"and",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"Ampicillin",
".",
"During",
"admission",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"38",
".",
"5oC",
"with",
"torpid",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"knee",
"and",
"persistent",
"positive",
"cultures",
"for",
"S",
".",
"agalactiae",
",",
"so",
"a",
"new",
"open",
"surgical",
"lavage",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"good",
"subsequent",
"evolution",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"cultures",
"and",
"no",
"other",
"added",
"symptoms",
".",
"During",
"admission",
",",
"MRI",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"diagnoses",
"compatible",
"with",
"meningitis",
",",
"ventriculitis",
"and",
"spondylodiscitis",
"T8-T10",
",",
"with",
"associated",
"epidural",
"mass",
",",
"with",
"positive",
"multiple",
"PCR",
"for",
"S",
".",
"agalactiae",
",",
"with",
"negative",
"cultures",
".",
"In",
"view",
"of",
"these",
"findings",
",",
"intravenous",
"antibiotherapy",
"with",
"penicillin",
"G",
"and",
"linezolid",
"was",
"reintroduced",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"good",
"penetration",
"of",
"the",
"latter",
"in",
"CSF",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"had",
"a",
"good",
"clinical",
"and",
"analytical",
"evolution",
"and",
"was",
"discharged",
"with",
"oral",
"Linezolid",
"treatment",
",",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"invasive",
"disease",
"due",
"to",
"Streptococcus",
"agalactiae",
"with",
"joint",
"and",
"meningeal",
"involvement",
"and",
"associated",
"spondylodiscitis",
".",
"On",
"subsequent",
"outpatient",
"review",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"presented",
"asthenia",
",",
"paraesthesia",
",",
"with",
"loss",
"of",
"ROTS",
",",
"so",
"EMG",
"was",
"performed",
"with",
"a",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"axonal",
"sensory-motor",
"polyneuropathy",
",",
"probably",
"secondary",
"to",
"linezolid",
",",
"together",
"with",
"anaemia",
"and",
"thrombopenia",
",",
"so",
"the",
"drug",
"was",
"discontinued",
".",
"Subsequent",
"check-ups",
"showed",
"no",
"clinical",
"or",
"analytical",
"data",
"of",
"recurrence",
"."
] | [
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 12,
"end": 16
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 653,
"end": 662
},
{
"text": "S. agalactiae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 984,
"end": 997
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1109,
"end": 1116
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1752,
"end": 1759
},
{
"text": "S. agalactiae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1547,
"end": 1560
},
{
"text": "S.agalactiae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1220,
"end": 1232
},
{
"text": "Streptococcus agalactiae",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1899,
"end": 1923
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2031,
"end": 2038
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
"Male patient aged 68 years, with a history of arterial hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and active smoking of 63 pack-years.
"Good compliance with treatment (olmesartan 20 mg 1c/d, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg 1c/d,
"tamsulosin 0.4mg 1c/d).
"No family history of interest.
"Diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma, T2 (atelectasis), N0, M1c (brain metastases, bilateral lung metastases, pleural effusion), EGFR negative, no ALK translocation, ROS-1 negative and PD-L1 positive in 90% of tumour cells.
"Good social support and independent for basic activities of daily living.
Holocranial radiotherapy of brain metastases was performed, which ended on 03/11/2018, being treated with corticosteroids in a descending pattern due to neurological symptoms during the following weeks. He started first line treatment with pembrolizumab on 23/11/2018.
"He attended the emergency department on 2/12/2018, presenting with dyspnoea of 4 days' evolution, of abrupt onset, with rapid evolution to minimal effort, with increased coughing without expectoration: afebrile; he had no clinical signs of heart failure, or other symptoms due to devices or systems. Flu vaccination.
Physical examination
On arrival at triage, he presented with a blood pressure of 113/77 mm Hg, a heart rate of 97 bpm and an oxygen saturation of 93% with FiO2 of 35%. Temperature was 36.5 oC and a Glasgow score of 15.
On examination he was in fair general condition, conscious and oriented, although with moderate dehydration and tachypnoea of 37 breaths per minute.
Cardiac auscultation showed rhythmic tones, without murmurs, while pulmonary auscultation showed abundant rhonchi and bilateral wheezing. The abdominal examination showed no pathological findings, as well as no signs of oedema or signs of venous thrombosis in the lower limbs.
Complementary tests
Laboratory tests showed no alterations in the red or white series. Arterial blood gases maintained a pH of 7.48, with partial respiratory failure (PO2 of 53 mm Hg and pCO2 of 30 mm Hg). He had no ionic alterations, with normal renal and hepatic function. A C-reactive protein of 13.2 mg/dl and a D-dimer of 975 ng/ml (normal value < 100) were noted. A chest X-ray showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates with a predominance of bilateral interstitial involvement, as well as possible effusion and/or atelectasis in the right lung. The angio-CT scan showed no repletion defects in the pulmonary arteries, highlighting minimal bilateral pleural effusion and the appearance of ground-glass opacities in both lung bases, not present in the previous CT scan of October 2018. Pneumococcal antigens, Legionella and influenza PCR were negative.
Diagnosis
Given the findings at that time, the differential diagnosis was raised between a grade 3 pembrolizumab pneumonitis (severe, life-threatening symptoms, with hypoxia and respiratory distress), and an infectious pneumonitis (primarily bacterial, with Pneumocystis jirovecii coverage).
Treatment
Pembrolizumab treatment was discontinued and methylprednisolone was administered at 2-3 mg/kg/day. Antibiotic therapy with levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was added, as well as supportive therapy.
Evolution
The patient showed partial improvement of his symptoms. However, during the following days the symptoms reappeared with increased cough with expectoration, increasing oxygen requirements and worsening general condition. Follow-up HR-CT, fibrobronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. Gram stain showed yeasts, with positive culture for Aspergillus fumigatus, as well as positive serology for cytomegalovirus and Aspergillus, and positive RT-PCR for Pneumocystis jirovecii. Voriconazole (loading dose of 400 mg every 12 hours and subsequently 200 mg every 12 hours) and ganciclovir (10 mg/kg/day) were added. Despite this, unfavourable evolution persisted and the patient died six days later.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"\"",
"Male",
"patient",
"aged",
"68",
"years",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"arterial",
"hypertension",
",",
"benign",
"prostatic",
"hyperplasia",
",",
"and",
"active",
"smoking",
"of",
"63",
"pack-years",
".",
"\"",
"Good",
"compliance",
"with",
"treatment",
"(",
"olmesartan",
"20",
"mg",
"1c",
"/",
"d",
",",
"hydrochlorothiazide",
"12",
".",
"5",
"mg",
"1c",
"/",
"d",
",",
"\"",
"tamsulosin",
"0",
".",
"4mg",
"1c",
"/",
"d",
")",
".",
"\"",
"No",
"family",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"\"",
"Diagnosed",
"with",
"stage",
"IV",
"lung",
"adenocarcinoma",
",",
"T2",
"(",
"atelectasis",
")",
",",
"N0",
",",
"M1c",
"(",
"brain",
"metastases",
",",
"bilateral",
"lung",
"metastases",
",",
"pleural",
"effusion",
")",
",",
"EGFR",
"negative",
",",
"no",
"ALK",
"translocation",
",",
"ROS-1",
"negative",
"and",
"PD-L1",
"positive",
"in",
"90",
"%",
"of",
"tumour",
"cells",
".",
"\"",
"Good",
"social",
"support",
"and",
"independent",
"for",
"basic",
"activities",
"of",
"daily",
"living",
".",
"Holocranial",
"radiotherapy",
"of",
"brain",
"metastases",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"ended",
"on",
"03",
"/",
"11",
"/",
"2018",
",",
"being",
"treated",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
"in",
"a",
"descending",
"pattern",
"due",
"to",
"neurological",
"symptoms",
"during",
"the",
"following",
"weeks",
".",
"He",
"started",
"first",
"line",
"treatment",
"with",
"pembrolizumab",
"on",
"23",
"/",
"11",
"/",
"2018",
".",
"\"",
"He",
"attended",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"on",
"2",
"/",
"12",
"/",
"2018",
",",
"presenting",
"with",
"dyspnoea",
"of",
"4",
"days",
"'",
"evolution",
",",
"of",
"abrupt",
"onset",
",",
"with",
"rapid",
"evolution",
"to",
"minimal",
"effort",
",",
"with",
"increased",
"coughing",
"without",
"expectoration",
":",
"afebrile",
";",
"he",
"had",
"no",
"clinical",
"signs",
"of",
"heart",
"failure",
",",
"or",
"other",
"symptoms",
"due",
"to",
"devices",
"or",
"systems",
".",
"Flu",
"vaccination",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"On",
"arrival",
"at",
"triage",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"a",
"blood",
"pressure",
"of",
"113",
"/",
"77",
"mm",
"Hg",
",",
"a",
"heart",
"rate",
"of",
"97",
"bpm",
"and",
"an",
"oxygen",
"saturation",
"of",
"93",
"%",
"with",
"FiO2",
"of",
"35",
"%",
".",
"Temperature",
"was",
"36",
".",
"5",
"oC",
"and",
"a",
"Glasgow",
"score",
"of",
"15",
".",
"On",
"examination",
"he",
"was",
"in",
"fair",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"conscious",
"and",
"oriented",
",",
"although",
"with",
"moderate",
"dehydration",
"and",
"tachypnoea",
"of",
"37",
"breaths",
"per",
"minute",
".",
"Cardiac",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"rhythmic",
"tones",
",",
"without",
"murmurs",
",",
"while",
"pulmonary",
"auscultation",
"showed",
"abundant",
"rhonchi",
"and",
"bilateral",
"wheezing",
".",
"The",
"abdominal",
"examination",
"showed",
"no",
"pathological",
"findings",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"no",
"signs",
"of",
"oedema",
"or",
"signs",
"of",
"venous",
"thrombosis",
"in",
"the",
"lower",
"limbs",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"Laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
"no",
"alterations",
"in",
"the",
"red",
"or",
"white",
"series",
".",
"Arterial",
"blood",
"gases",
"maintained",
"a",
"pH",
"of",
"7",
".",
"48",
",",
"with",
"partial",
"respiratory",
"failure",
"(",
"PO2",
"of",
"53",
"mm",
"Hg",
"and",
"pCO2",
"of",
"30",
"mm",
"Hg",
")",
".",
"He",
"had",
"no",
"ionic",
"alterations",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"renal",
"and",
"hepatic",
"function",
".",
"A",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"of",
"13",
".",
"2",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
"and",
"a",
"D-dimer",
"of",
"975",
"ng",
"/",
"ml",
"(",
"normal",
"value",
"<",
"100",
")",
"were",
"noted",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"bilateral",
"alveolar",
"infiltrates",
"with",
"a",
"predominance",
"of",
"bilateral",
"interstitial",
"involvement",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"possible",
"effusion",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"atelectasis",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"lung",
".",
"The",
"angio-CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"no",
"repletion",
"defects",
"in",
"the",
"pulmonary",
"arteries",
",",
"highlighting",
"minimal",
"bilateral",
"pleural",
"effusion",
"and",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"ground-glass",
"opacities",
"in",
"both",
"lung",
"bases",
",",
"not",
"present",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"October",
"2018",
".",
"Pneumococcal",
"antigens",
",",
"Legionella",
"and",
"influenza",
"PCR",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Given",
"the",
"findings",
"at",
"that",
"time",
",",
"the",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"raised",
"between",
"a",
"grade",
"3",
"pembrolizumab",
"pneumonitis",
"(",
"severe",
",",
"life-threatening",
"symptoms",
",",
"with",
"hypoxia",
"and",
"respiratory",
"distress",
")",
",",
"and",
"an",
"infectious",
"pneumonitis",
"(",
"primarily",
"bacterial",
",",
"with",
"Pneumocystis",
"jirovecii",
"coverage",
")",
".",
"Treatment",
"Pembrolizumab",
"treatment",
"was",
"discontinued",
"and",
"methylprednisolone",
"was",
"administered",
"at",
"2-3",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"therapy",
"with",
"levofloxacin",
"and",
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole",
"was",
"added",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"supportive",
"therapy",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"showed",
"partial",
"improvement",
"of",
"his",
"symptoms",
".",
"However",
",",
"during",
"the",
"following",
"days",
"the",
"symptoms",
"reappeared",
"with",
"increased",
"cough",
"with",
"expectoration",
",",
"increasing",
"oxygen",
"requirements",
"and",
"worsening",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"Follow-up",
"HR-CT",
",",
"fibrobronchoscopy",
"and",
"bronchoalveolar",
"lavage",
"were",
"performed",
".",
"Gram",
"stain",
"showed",
"yeasts",
",",
"with",
"positive",
"culture",
"for",
"Aspergillus",
"fumigatus",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"positive",
"serology",
"for",
"cytomegalovirus",
"and",
"Aspergillus",
",",
"and",
"positive",
"RT-PCR",
"for",
"Pneumocystis",
"jirovecii",
".",
"Voriconazole",
"(",
"loading",
"dose",
"of",
"400",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
"and",
"subsequently",
"200",
"mg",
"every",
"12",
"hours",
")",
"and",
"ganciclovir",
"(",
"10",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"/",
"day",
")",
"were",
"added",
".",
"Despite",
"this",
",",
"unfavourable",
"evolution",
"persisted",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"died",
"six",
"days",
"later",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 11,
"end": 23
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 16,
"end": 23
},
{
"text": "family",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 266,
"end": 272
},
{
"text": "Flu",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1171,
"end": 1174
},
{
"text": "Legionella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2645,
"end": 2655
},
{
"text": "influenza",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2660,
"end": 2669
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis jirovecii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2948,
"end": 2970
},
{
"text": "bacterial",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2932,
"end": 2941
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3566,
"end": 3577
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3642,
"end": 3653
},
{
"text": "Aspergillus fumigatus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3566,
"end": 3587
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis jirovecii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3679,
"end": 3701
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3622,
"end": 3637
},
{
"text": "yeasts",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3532,
"end": 3538
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3220,
"end": 3227
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3893,
"end": 3900
}
] | en |
Anamnesis
A 28-year-old male, with a history of cryptorchidism surgery in childhood, with no toxic habits or other medical or surgical history of interest.
He attended the Emergency Department of his referral hospital with a clinical picture of a week's evolution of fever, asthenia, mild bitemporal headache and general malaise. Symptomatic treatment and single doses of moxifloxacin were started, however, the patient worsened clinically, increasing the intensity of the headache, with the addition of unsteadiness-type dizziness, difficulty swallowing, left facial hypoaesthesia, nausea and horizontal binocular double vision. In the following days, she presented persistent hiccups after meals, for which, finally, she consulted the Emergency Department again.
Physical examination
Examination revealed a slight paresis of the right external rectus and upper rectus, a horizontal horizontal-rotatory nystagmus in horizontal gaze on both sides with a subtle vertical component, left facial hypoaesthesia, and a difficult tandem gait, with the rest of the neurological and general examination being normal.
A routine blood count, biochemistry, coagulation, thyroid hormones, vitamin B12, folate, proteinogram and autoimmunity study (including IgG-NMO) were requested, with no abnormalities, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid showed slight pleocytosis (62 leukocytes per field), with normal glucose, protein and adenosine deaminase. Conventional and mycobacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for herpesvirus and enterovirus, arbovirus, Toscana and Nile were negative, as well as cytology for neoplastic cells. Transthoracic echocardiography showed no abnormalities, and ED cranial computed tomography (CT) was normal. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, which showed diffuse involvement of the white matter in the left bulbar region, with mild mass effect, as well as of the left cerebellar peduncle, left cerebellar hemisphere and periventricular at the level of the IV ventricle. Given the findings of the complementary tests, the clinical picture was interpreted as viral or post-infectious rhombencephalitis, and the patient was treated with acyclovir and dexamethasone for ten days. At the end of treatment, he improved clinically and radiologically: the diplopia disappeared, the instability improved and he remained afebrile. A control brain MRI showed a new image of white matter involvement in the right cerebellar hemisphere, so the lumbar puncture was repeated (unchanged from the initial one) and treatment with megadoses of steroids was started.
Two days after starting steroid treatment, the patient began to experience headache located in the occipital region, vertiginous sensation with head movements, nausea, vomiting and intolerance to eating. Antibiotic treatment was started with cefepime, metronidazole and ampicillin at high doses, and anti-oedema measures were intensified, despite which the patient remained severely prostrated. An urgent cranial CT scan was performed, which showed incipient hydrocephalus due to involvement of the IV ventricle due to increased oedema in the posterior fossa. Finally, the neurosurgery department of our hospital was contacted for monitoring and possible surgery if necessary. Once the patient was admitted to this department, they requested our assessment.
Complementary tests
- Blood tests were performed, including haemogram, biochemistry and coagulation, which were normal. Serology for hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus, Toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus, lupus, Brucella, Borrellia, mumps, atypical pneumonia and Rickettsia were negative. Herpes simplex serology was positive, as was Epstein-Barr serology (indicating past infection).
- Blood cultures were negative.
- Transesophageal echocardiography was normal.
- Cranial MRI showed multiple T2 hyperintense nodular lesions located in the vermis, both cerebellar hemispheres and posterolateral cords of the right hemibulb, which presented a hypointense ring in T2 sequences, intense ring enhancement after contrast administration and intense restriction in diffusion sequences, findings compatible with multiple abscesses in these locations. In addition, there was an area of ill-defined limits in the posterior region of both cerebellar hemispheres, hyperintense in T2 with enhancement after contrast administration, compatible with an area of cerebritis.
Diagnosis
Bilateral rhombencephalitis and multiple abscesses in the posterior fossa.
Treatment and evolution
As the clinical and radiological data indicated active rhombencephalitis, probably due to Listeria, treatment was started with ampicillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin and dexamethasone. When questioned again, the patient reported having eaten a kebab the night before the onset of the clinical picture. Subsequently, the Microbiology Department of his referral hospital informed us that Listeria monocytogenes had been isolated in two blood cultures. The patient evolved favourably after starting treatment. After 12 days of treatment, on examination he only showed residual involvement of the right VI cranial nerve, paraesthesia in the third branch of the right V cranial nerve, slight involvement of the right hypoglossus, and residual signs of slight right cerebellar involvement with remission of the haemipyramidalism and with minimal tendency of the gait towards the right; the control analysis was normal. For all these reasons, it was decided to discharge him from hospital to complete oral treatment with linezolid and rifampicin. Finally, the diagnosis in this patient was cerebral listeriosis after ingestion of kebab.
| [
"Anamnesis",
"A",
"28-year-old",
"male",
",",
"with",
"a",
"history",
"of",
"cryptorchidism",
"surgery",
"in",
"childhood",
",",
"with",
"no",
"toxic",
"habits",
"or",
"other",
"medical",
"or",
"surgical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"He",
"attended",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"of",
"his",
"referral",
"hospital",
"with",
"a",
"clinical",
"picture",
"of",
"a",
"week",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
"of",
"fever",
",",
"asthenia",
",",
"mild",
"bitemporal",
"headache",
"and",
"general",
"malaise",
".",
"Symptomatic",
"treatment",
"and",
"single",
"doses",
"of",
"moxifloxacin",
"were",
"started",
",",
"however",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"worsened",
"clinically",
",",
"increasing",
"the",
"intensity",
"of",
"the",
"headache",
",",
"with",
"the",
"addition",
"of",
"unsteadiness-type",
"dizziness",
",",
"difficulty",
"swallowing",
",",
"left",
"facial",
"hypoaesthesia",
",",
"nausea",
"and",
"horizontal",
"binocular",
"double",
"vision",
".",
"In",
"the",
"following",
"days",
",",
"she",
"presented",
"persistent",
"hiccups",
"after",
"meals",
",",
"for",
"which",
",",
"finally",
",",
"she",
"consulted",
"the",
"Emergency",
"Department",
"again",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"a",
"slight",
"paresis",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"external",
"rectus",
"and",
"upper",
"rectus",
",",
"a",
"horizontal",
"horizontal-rotatory",
"nystagmus",
"in",
"horizontal",
"gaze",
"on",
"both",
"sides",
"with",
"a",
"subtle",
"vertical",
"component",
",",
"left",
"facial",
"hypoaesthesia",
",",
"and",
"a",
"difficult",
"tandem",
"gait",
",",
"with",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"neurological",
"and",
"general",
"examination",
"being",
"normal",
".",
"A",
"routine",
"blood",
"count",
",",
"biochemistry",
",",
"coagulation",
",",
"thyroid",
"hormones",
",",
"vitamin",
"B12",
",",
"folate",
",",
"proteinogram",
"and",
"autoimmunity",
"study",
"(",
"including",
"IgG-NMO",
")",
"were",
"requested",
",",
"with",
"no",
"abnormalities",
",",
"and",
"analysis",
"of",
"cerebrospinal",
"fluid",
"showed",
"slight",
"pleocytosis",
"(",
"62",
"leukocytes",
"per",
"field",
")",
",",
"with",
"normal",
"glucose",
",",
"protein",
"and",
"adenosine",
"deaminase",
".",
"Conventional",
"and",
"mycobacterial",
"culture",
",",
"polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"(",
"PCR",
")",
"for",
"herpesvirus",
"and",
"enterovirus",
",",
"arbovirus",
",",
"Toscana",
"and",
"Nile",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"cytology",
"for",
"neoplastic",
"cells",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
",",
"and",
"ED",
"cranial",
"computed",
"tomography",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"A",
"cranial",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"(",
"MRI",
")",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"diffuse",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"white",
"matter",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"bulbar",
"region",
",",
"with",
"mild",
"mass",
"effect",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"cerebellar",
"peduncle",
",",
"left",
"cerebellar",
"hemisphere",
"and",
"periventricular",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"IV",
"ventricle",
".",
"Given",
"the",
"findings",
"of",
"the",
"complementary",
"tests",
",",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
"was",
"interpreted",
"as",
"viral",
"or",
"post-infectious",
"rhombencephalitis",
",",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"acyclovir",
"and",
"dexamethasone",
"for",
"ten",
"days",
".",
"At",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"he",
"improved",
"clinically",
"and",
"radiologically",
":",
"the",
"diplopia",
"disappeared",
",",
"the",
"instability",
"improved",
"and",
"he",
"remained",
"afebrile",
".",
"A",
"control",
"brain",
"MRI",
"showed",
"a",
"new",
"image",
"of",
"white",
"matter",
"involvement",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"cerebellar",
"hemisphere",
",",
"so",
"the",
"lumbar",
"puncture",
"was",
"repeated",
"(",
"unchanged",
"from",
"the",
"initial",
"one",
")",
"and",
"treatment",
"with",
"megadoses",
"of",
"steroids",
"was",
"started",
".",
"Two",
"days",
"after",
"starting",
"steroid",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"began",
"to",
"experience",
"headache",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"occipital",
"region",
",",
"vertiginous",
"sensation",
"with",
"head",
"movements",
",",
"nausea",
",",
"vomiting",
"and",
"intolerance",
"to",
"eating",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"cefepime",
",",
"metronidazole",
"and",
"ampicillin",
"at",
"high",
"doses",
",",
"and",
"anti-oedema",
"measures",
"were",
"intensified",
",",
"despite",
"which",
"the",
"patient",
"remained",
"severely",
"prostrated",
".",
"An",
"urgent",
"cranial",
"CT",
"scan",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"which",
"showed",
"incipient",
"hydrocephalus",
"due",
"to",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"IV",
"ventricle",
"due",
"to",
"increased",
"oedema",
"in",
"the",
"posterior",
"fossa",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"neurosurgery",
"department",
"of",
"our",
"hospital",
"was",
"contacted",
"for",
"monitoring",
"and",
"possible",
"surgery",
"if",
"necessary",
".",
"Once",
"the",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"to",
"this",
"department",
",",
"they",
"requested",
"our",
"assessment",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"-",
"Blood",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
",",
"including",
"haemogram",
",",
"biochemistry",
"and",
"coagulation",
",",
"which",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Serology",
"for",
"hepatitis",
"B",
"and",
"C",
",",
"human",
"immunodeficiency",
"virus",
",",
"Toxoplasma",
",",
"cytomegalovirus",
",",
"lupus",
",",
"Brucella",
",",
"Borrellia",
",",
"mumps",
",",
"atypical",
"pneumonia",
"and",
"Rickettsia",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Herpes",
"simplex",
"serology",
"was",
"positive",
",",
"as",
"was",
"Epstein-Barr",
"serology",
"(",
"indicating",
"past",
"infection",
")",
".",
"-",
"Blood",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"-",
"Transesophageal",
"echocardiography",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"-",
"Cranial",
"MRI",
"showed",
"multiple",
"T2",
"hyperintense",
"nodular",
"lesions",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"vermis",
",",
"both",
"cerebellar",
"hemispheres",
"and",
"posterolateral",
"cords",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hemibulb",
",",
"which",
"presented",
"a",
"hypointense",
"ring",
"in",
"T2",
"sequences",
",",
"intense",
"ring",
"enhancement",
"after",
"contrast",
"administration",
"and",
"intense",
"restriction",
"in",
"diffusion",
"sequences",
",",
"findings",
"compatible",
"with",
"multiple",
"abscesses",
"in",
"these",
"locations",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"ill-defined",
"limits",
"in",
"the",
"posterior",
"region",
"of",
"both",
"cerebellar",
"hemispheres",
",",
"hyperintense",
"in",
"T2",
"with",
"enhancement",
"after",
"contrast",
"administration",
",",
"compatible",
"with",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"cerebritis",
".",
"Diagnosis",
"Bilateral",
"rhombencephalitis",
"and",
"multiple",
"abscesses",
"in",
"the",
"posterior",
"fossa",
".",
"Treatment",
"and",
"evolution",
"As",
"the",
"clinical",
"and",
"radiological",
"data",
"indicated",
"active",
"rhombencephalitis",
",",
"probably",
"due",
"to",
"Listeria",
",",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"ampicillin",
",",
"cefotaxime",
",",
"gentamicin",
"and",
"dexamethasone",
".",
"When",
"questioned",
"again",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"reported",
"having",
"eaten",
"a",
"kebab",
"the",
"night",
"before",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"Microbiology",
"Department",
"of",
"his",
"referral",
"hospital",
"informed",
"us",
"that",
"Listeria",
"monocytogenes",
"had",
"been",
"isolated",
"in",
"two",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"evolved",
"favourably",
"after",
"starting",
"treatment",
".",
"After",
"12",
"days",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"on",
"examination",
"he",
"only",
"showed",
"residual",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"VI",
"cranial",
"nerve",
",",
"paraesthesia",
"in",
"the",
"third",
"branch",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"V",
"cranial",
"nerve",
",",
"slight",
"involvement",
"of",
"the",
"right",
"hypoglossus",
",",
"and",
"residual",
"signs",
"of",
"slight",
"right",
"cerebellar",
"involvement",
"with",
"remission",
"of",
"the",
"haemipyramidalism",
"and",
"with",
"minimal",
"tendency",
"of",
"the",
"gait",
"towards",
"the",
"right",
";",
"the",
"control",
"analysis",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"For",
"all",
"these",
"reasons",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"discharge",
"him",
"from",
"hospital",
"to",
"complete",
"oral",
"treatment",
"with",
"linezolid",
"and",
"rifampicin",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"in",
"this",
"patient",
"was",
"cerebral",
"listeriosis",
"after",
"ingestion",
"of",
"kebab",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 24,
"end": 28
},
{
"text": "childhood",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 74,
"end": 83
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 413,
"end": 420
},
{
"text": "Toscana",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1555,
"end": 1562
},
{
"text": "arbovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1544,
"end": 1553
},
{
"text": "enterovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1531,
"end": 1542
},
{
"text": "herpesvirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1515,
"end": 1526
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2162,
"end": 2169
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2110,
"end": 2115
},
{
"text": "Nile",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1567,
"end": 1571
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2648,
"end": 2655
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2958,
"end": 2965
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3287,
"end": 3294
},
{
"text": "Borrellia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3588,
"end": 3597
},
{
"text": "Brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3578,
"end": 3586
},
{
"text": "Epstein-Barr",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3700,
"end": 3712
},
{
"text": "Rickettsia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3629,
"end": 3639
},
{
"text": "Toxoplasma",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3542,
"end": 3552
},
{
"text": "cytomegalovirus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3554,
"end": 3569
},
{
"text": "Herpes simplex",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3655,
"end": 3669
},
{
"text": "mumps",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3599,
"end": 3604
},
{
"text": "human immunodeficiency virus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3512,
"end": 3540
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3493,
"end": 3504
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B and C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3493,
"end": 3510
},
{
"text": "Listeria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4626,
"end": 4634
},
{
"text": "Listeria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4918,
"end": 4926
},
{
"text": "Listeria monocytogenes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4918,
"end": 4940
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4744,
"end": 4751
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4986,
"end": 4993
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5603,
"end": 5610
}
] | en |
An 18-year-old male, who consulted for intermittent fever of up to 39oC for the last month, accompanied by abdominal discomfort, joint pain and asthenia; his only history was fever of unknown origin at the age of 8 years, for which he needed to be admitted for 2 months without response to antibiotics. Examination revealed right and left axillary lymphadenopathy of 1-1.5 cm, not stony, painful or adherent, with no other findings.
The following differential diagnosis was made:
- Infectious: viral infection (EBV, MVC, HSV, HIV, HCV, HBV, HAV), atypical infections:
coxiella serology, borrelia, brucella, Lues, (Q fever, Lyme disease).
- Hypothyroidism.
- Autoimmune: SLE, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis.
- Autoinflammatory syndrome (Familial Mediterranean fever, TRAPS...),
- Neoplastic: lymphoma.
- Intestinal malabsorption syndrome: celiac disease.
| [
"An",
"18-year-old",
"male",
",",
"who",
"consulted",
"for",
"intermittent",
"fever",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"39oC",
"for",
"the",
"last",
"month",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"abdominal",
"discomfort",
",",
"joint",
"pain",
"and",
"asthenia",
";",
"his",
"only",
"history",
"was",
"fever",
"of",
"unknown",
"origin",
"at",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"8",
"years",
",",
"for",
"which",
"he",
"needed",
"to",
"be",
"admitted",
"for",
"2",
"months",
"without",
"response",
"to",
"antibiotics",
".",
"Examination",
"revealed",
"right",
"and",
"left",
"axillary",
"lymphadenopathy",
"of",
"1-1",
".",
"5",
"cm",
",",
"not",
"stony",
",",
"painful",
"or",
"adherent",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"findings",
".",
"The",
"following",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"made",
":",
"-",
"Infectious",
":",
"viral",
"infection",
"(",
"EBV",
",",
"MVC",
",",
"HSV",
",",
"HIV",
",",
"HCV",
",",
"HBV",
",",
"HAV",
")",
",",
"atypical",
"infections",
":",
"coxiella",
"serology",
",",
"borrelia",
",",
"brucella",
",",
"Lues",
",",
"(",
"Q",
"fever",
",",
"Lyme",
"disease",
")",
".",
"-",
"Hypothyroidism",
".",
"-",
"Autoimmune",
":",
"SLE",
",",
"amyloidosis",
",",
"sarcoidosis",
".",
"-",
"Autoinflammatory",
"syndrome",
"(",
"Familial",
"Mediterranean",
"fever",
",",
"TRAPS",
".",
".",
".",
")",
",",
"-",
"Neoplastic",
":",
"lymphoma",
".",
"-",
"Intestinal",
"malabsorption",
"syndrome",
":",
"celiac",
"disease",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 15,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "EBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 511,
"end": 514
},
{
"text": "HAV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 541,
"end": 544
},
{
"text": "HBV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 536,
"end": 539
},
{
"text": "HCV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 531,
"end": 534
},
{
"text": "HSV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 521,
"end": 524
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 526,
"end": 529
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 494,
"end": 499
},
{
"text": "borrelia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 587,
"end": 595
},
{
"text": "brucella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 597,
"end": 605
},
{
"text": "coxiella",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 568,
"end": 576
},
{
"text": "Lues",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 607,
"end": 611
}
] | en |
A 44-year-old African-American woman presented to the emergency department with fever, vomiting, cough, and lumbar fossa pain. She had acute kidney injury, with serum creatinine of 4.0 mg/dl, in addition to an already diagnosed chronic kidney disease. The initial urinalysis was positive for blood, with a spot protein/creatinine ratio of 3.9 g/g. His baseline serum creatinine, measured 6 months before the first consultation, was 1.4 mg/dl. Baseline urinalysis before the first consultation showed protein 2þ, with no available result of the spot protein/creatinine ratio. His past history included poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, dyslipidaemia and chronic kidney disease attributed to diabetes. Her surgical history consisted of a caesarean delivery and a cholecystectomy. She had never smoked. She also denied any alcohol or drug use.
On physical examination, the patient's temperature was 38.9°C, blood pressure 140/90 mmHg, pulse 107 bpm and respiratory rate 18 bpm; breathing was on room air. He appeared sickly but was conscious and alert. No pain was detected on sinus palpation, but clear pharyngeal erythema was noted, without cervical lymphadenopathy. On auscultation, the lungs were normal. Heart sounds were normal, with no murmurs. The abdomen was soft and depressible, with mildly painful renal fist percussion and bowel sounds. There was no erythema, no pain on palpation, no joint effusion and no exanthema. Capillary refill time was two seconds in all fingers. No oedema with pitting was observed in the extremities. Mood and affect were stable and consistent.
The patient had anaemia and electrolyte disturbances. In addition, serological tests for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV were negative. Additional serological tests for C3 and C4 were normal. A chest X-ray showed subsegmental atelectasis and a mild right pleural effusion. A renal ultrasound showed normal sized kidneys with no evidence of obstructive uropathy. The differential diagnosis on admission was septic syndrome, pyelonephritis and COVID-19. He was started on IV fluids, as well as ceftriaxone and vancomycin. A complete study of the renal lesion was ordered. The patient was transferred to the inpatient ward for treatment and management.
Over the course of 5 days, the patient developed disorientation and respiratory distress, which necessitated oxygen therapy. She was able to maintain saturation with 2 to 3 l/min with nasal cannula. A follow-up chest X-ray showed first appearance of diffuse bilateral patchy opacities. Antibiotic treatment was changed from ceftriaxone to cefepime.
The patient's renal function deteriorated during the same period and she was put on dialysis on hospital day 8, with a serum creatinine of 11.4 mg/dl, despite good diuresis (> 1 l/d). The point protein/creatinine ratio at the time of dialysis was 25 g/g. A complete autoimmune work-up was positive for Sjögren's syndrome-associated antigen A and antinuclear antibodies. Rheumatological evaluation showed no clinical signs of Sjögren's syndrome. Serum antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were negative and tests for C3 and C4 were normal. All blood and urine cultures were negative, pending PCR assay for COVID-19. A renal biopsy was performed to assess the aetiology of the patient's nephropathy.
A diagnosis of collapsing glomerulopathy was made. Shortly after the biopsy, PCR testing for COVID-19 was positive. The patient's clinical condition clearly improved with dialysis. Her disorientation disappeared and she no longer required oxygen therapy. She continued to have good diuresis, although without good clearance, which required further outpatient haemodialysis.
| [
"",
"A",
"44-year-old",
"African-American",
"woman",
"presented",
"to",
"the",
"emergency",
"department",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"vomiting",
",",
"cough",
",",
"and",
"lumbar",
"fossa",
"pain",
".",
"She",
"had",
"acute",
"kidney",
"injury",
",",
"with",
"serum",
"creatinine",
"of",
"4",
".",
"0",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"an",
"already",
"diagnosed",
"chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
".",
"The",
"initial",
"urinalysis",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"blood",
",",
"with",
"a",
"spot",
"protein",
"/",
"creatinine",
"ratio",
"of",
"3",
".",
"9",
"g",
"/",
"g",
".",
"His",
"baseline",
"serum",
"creatinine",
",",
"measured",
"6",
"months",
"before",
"the",
"first",
"consultation",
",",
"was",
"1",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
".",
"Baseline",
"urinalysis",
"before",
"the",
"first",
"consultation",
"showed",
"protein",
"2þ",
",",
"with",
"no",
"available",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"spot",
"protein",
"/",
"creatinine",
"ratio",
".",
"His",
"past",
"history",
"included",
"poorly",
"controlled",
"type",
"2",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
",",
"essential",
"hypertension",
",",
"dyslipidaemia",
"and",
"chronic",
"kidney",
"disease",
"attributed",
"to",
"diabetes",
".",
"Her",
"surgical",
"history",
"consisted",
"of",
"a",
"caesarean",
"delivery",
"and",
"a",
"cholecystectomy",
".",
"She",
"had",
"never",
"smoked",
".",
"She",
"also",
"denied",
"any",
"alcohol",
"or",
"drug",
"use",
".",
"On",
"physical",
"examination",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"temperature",
"was",
"38",
".",
"9",
"°",
"C",
",",
"blood",
"pressure",
"140",
"/",
"90",
"mmHg",
",",
"pulse",
"107",
"bpm",
"and",
"respiratory",
"rate",
"18",
"bpm",
";",
"breathing",
"was",
"on",
"room",
"air",
".",
"He",
"appeared",
"sickly",
"but",
"was",
"conscious",
"and",
"alert",
".",
"No",
"pain",
"was",
"detected",
"on",
"sinus",
"palpation",
",",
"but",
"clear",
"pharyngeal",
"erythema",
"was",
"noted",
",",
"without",
"cervical",
"lymphadenopathy",
".",
"On",
"auscultation",
",",
"the",
"lungs",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"Heart",
"sounds",
"were",
"normal",
",",
"with",
"no",
"murmurs",
".",
"The",
"abdomen",
"was",
"soft",
"and",
"depressible",
",",
"with",
"mildly",
"painful",
"renal",
"fist",
"percussion",
"and",
"bowel",
"sounds",
".",
"There",
"was",
"no",
"erythema",
",",
"no",
"pain",
"on",
"palpation",
",",
"no",
"joint",
"effusion",
"and",
"no",
"exanthema",
".",
"Capillary",
"refill",
"time",
"was",
"two",
"seconds",
"in",
"all",
"fingers",
".",
"No",
"oedema",
"with",
"pitting",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"the",
"extremities",
".",
"Mood",
"and",
"affect",
"were",
"stable",
"and",
"consistent",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"anaemia",
"and",
"electrolyte",
"disturbances",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"serological",
"tests",
"for",
"hepatitis",
"B",
",",
"hepatitis",
"C",
"and",
"HIV",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Additional",
"serological",
"tests",
"for",
"C3",
"and",
"C4",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"A",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"subsegmental",
"atelectasis",
"and",
"a",
"mild",
"right",
"pleural",
"effusion",
".",
"A",
"renal",
"ultrasound",
"showed",
"normal",
"sized",
"kidneys",
"with",
"no",
"evidence",
"of",
"obstructive",
"uropathy",
".",
"The",
"differential",
"diagnosis",
"on",
"admission",
"was",
"septic",
"syndrome",
",",
"pyelonephritis",
"and",
"COVID-19",
".",
"He",
"was",
"started",
"on",
"IV",
"fluids",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"ceftriaxone",
"and",
"vancomycin",
".",
"A",
"complete",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"renal",
"lesion",
"was",
"ordered",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"transferred",
"to",
"the",
"inpatient",
"ward",
"for",
"treatment",
"and",
"management",
".",
"Over",
"the",
"course",
"of",
"5",
"days",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"developed",
"disorientation",
"and",
"respiratory",
"distress",
",",
"which",
"necessitated",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
".",
"She",
"was",
"able",
"to",
"maintain",
"saturation",
"with",
"2",
"to",
"3",
"l",
"/",
"min",
"with",
"nasal",
"cannula",
".",
"A",
"follow-up",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"first",
"appearance",
"of",
"diffuse",
"bilateral",
"patchy",
"opacities",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"treatment",
"was",
"changed",
"from",
"ceftriaxone",
"to",
"cefepime",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"renal",
"function",
"deteriorated",
"during",
"the",
"same",
"period",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"put",
"on",
"dialysis",
"on",
"hospital",
"day",
"8",
",",
"with",
"a",
"serum",
"creatinine",
"of",
"11",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"dl",
",",
"despite",
"good",
"diuresis",
"(",
">",
"1",
"l",
"/",
"d",
")",
".",
"The",
"point",
"protein",
"/",
"creatinine",
"ratio",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"dialysis",
"was",
"25",
"g",
"/",
"g",
".",
"A",
"complete",
"autoimmune",
"work-up",
"was",
"positive",
"for",
"Sjögren",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome-associated",
"antigen",
"A",
"and",
"antinuclear",
"antibodies",
".",
"Rheumatological",
"evaluation",
"showed",
"no",
"clinical",
"signs",
"of",
"Sjögren",
"'",
"s",
"syndrome",
".",
"Serum",
"antineutrophilic",
"cytoplasmic",
"antibodies",
"were",
"negative",
"and",
"tests",
"for",
"C3",
"and",
"C4",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"All",
"blood",
"and",
"urine",
"cultures",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"pending",
"PCR",
"assay",
"for",
"COVID-19",
".",
"A",
"renal",
"biopsy",
"was",
"performed",
"to",
"assess",
"the",
"aetiology",
"of",
"the",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"nephropathy",
".",
"A",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"collapsing",
"glomerulopathy",
"was",
"made",
".",
"Shortly",
"after",
"the",
"biopsy",
",",
"PCR",
"testing",
"for",
"COVID-19",
"was",
"positive",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"'",
"s",
"clinical",
"condition",
"clearly",
"improved",
"with",
"dialysis",
".",
"Her",
"disorientation",
"disappeared",
"and",
"she",
"no",
"longer",
"required",
"oxygen",
"therapy",
".",
"She",
"continued",
"to",
"have",
"good",
"diuresis",
",",
"although",
"without",
"good",
"clearance",
",",
"which",
"required",
"further",
"outpatient",
"haemodialysis",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 32,
"end": 37
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 906,
"end": 913
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1737,
"end": 1740
},
{
"text": "hepatitis B",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1708,
"end": 1719
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1623,
"end": 1630
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2194,
"end": 2201
},
{
"text": "hepatitis C",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1721,
"end": 1732
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2301,
"end": 2308
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2624,
"end": 2631
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3298,
"end": 3305
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3441,
"end": 3448
}
] | en |
Personal History
DMNIR, psoriasis treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate, episode of lithiasic right obstructive uropathy complicated with renal abscess due to Candida albicans and Pseudomona MR with fungemia, after TUR 8 months earlier (funduscopy, transthoracic echocardiography and subsequent negative urine culture).
Present Illness
A 71-year-old man was admitted with fever of 4 days' duration, cough and severe dorsolumbar pain.
After 48 hours he presented with pain and coldness in MID.
Examination
Febrile, fair general condition. BP: 90/60mmHg. Cardiopulmonary auscultation: rhythmic, no murmurs, rhonchi.
Pain on dorsal palpation. MID: distal coldness, fixed cyanosis in lateral compartment, pallor and tibio-peroneaastragaline rigidity.
Only palpable right femoral and left pedial pulses.
Complementary tests
Of note: elevated acute phase reactants and pre-renal renal failure (chest X-ray and ECG normal).
- 1st: What was behind this acute ischaemia?
Aetiologically, it could be due to: arterial embolism (AF, myocardial infarction or left ventricular dysfunction, endocarditis, valvular disease or prosthesis, myxoma, aneurysm, atherosclerotic plaque or paradoxical embolism), arterial thrombosis (graft, atherosclerosis, aneurysmal thrombosis, entrapment syndrome, hypercoagulability or low flow) or by dissection or direct trauma.
Transthoracic ultrasound showed an image compatible with aortic endocarditis. In parallel, microbiology isolated fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in blood cultures. No retinal embolisation. Thoracic-abdominal CT: spondylodiscitis D7-D8.
- 2nd: Endocarditis on native aortic valve due to azole-resistant Candida albicans,
criteria? treatment?
According to the modified Duke criteria, it was a definite infective endocarditis (1 major and 4 minor clinical criteria).
Echinocandin or amphotericin B +/- Flucytosine at high doses is recommended. After initial iv treatment, reduce to an oral azole for at least 6 more weeks after surgery, except in fluconazole resistance, where voriconazole or posaconazole is recommended if sensitive. If resection is not possible, prolong treatment.
Our case was treated with caspofungin, valve resection and supracondylar amputation. - 3rd: Did he have endocarditis on 1st admission?
Certainly there were no criteria and it was reasonably ruled out. But the recurrence of fungemia without new urological complications leads us to suspect that some focus persisted over time and endocarditis would be the first candidate.
Final Diagnosis
- Endocarditis on native aortic valve due to azole-resistant Candida albicans.
- Acute grade iii ischaemia at mid and spondylodiscitis d7-d8, probably secondary to septic emboli.
| [
"Personal",
"History",
"DMNIR",
",",
"psoriasis",
"treated",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
"and",
"methotrexate",
",",
"episode",
"of",
"lithiasic",
"right",
"obstructive",
"uropathy",
"complicated",
"with",
"renal",
"abscess",
"due",
"to",
"Candida",
"albicans",
"and",
"Pseudomona",
"MR",
"with",
"fungemia",
",",
"after",
"TUR",
"8",
"months",
"earlier",
"(",
"funduscopy",
",",
"transthoracic",
"echocardiography",
"and",
"subsequent",
"negative",
"urine",
"culture",
")",
".",
"Present",
"Illness",
"A",
"71-year-old",
"man",
"was",
"admitted",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"4",
"days",
"'",
"duration",
",",
"cough",
"and",
"severe",
"dorsolumbar",
"pain",
".",
"After",
"48",
"hours",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"pain",
"and",
"coldness",
"in",
"MID",
".",
"Examination",
"Febrile",
",",
"fair",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"BP",
":",
"90",
"/",
"60mmHg",
".",
"Cardiopulmonary",
"auscultation",
":",
"rhythmic",
",",
"no",
"murmurs",
",",
"rhonchi",
".",
"Pain",
"on",
"dorsal",
"palpation",
".",
"MID",
":",
"distal",
"coldness",
",",
"fixed",
"cyanosis",
"in",
"lateral",
"compartment",
",",
"pallor",
"and",
"tibio-peroneaastragaline",
"rigidity",
".",
"Only",
"palpable",
"right",
"femoral",
"and",
"left",
"pedial",
"pulses",
".",
"Complementary",
"tests",
"Of",
"note",
":",
"elevated",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
"and",
"pre-renal",
"renal",
"failure",
"(",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"ECG",
"normal",
")",
".",
"-",
"1st",
":",
"What",
"was",
"behind",
"this",
"acute",
"ischaemia",
"?",
"Aetiologically",
",",
"it",
"could",
"be",
"due",
"to",
":",
"arterial",
"embolism",
"(",
"AF",
",",
"myocardial",
"infarction",
"or",
"left",
"ventricular",
"dysfunction",
",",
"endocarditis",
",",
"valvular",
"disease",
"or",
"prosthesis",
",",
"myxoma",
",",
"aneurysm",
",",
"atherosclerotic",
"plaque",
"or",
"paradoxical",
"embolism",
")",
",",
"arterial",
"thrombosis",
"(",
"graft",
",",
"atherosclerosis",
",",
"aneurysmal",
"thrombosis",
",",
"entrapment",
"syndrome",
",",
"hypercoagulability",
"or",
"low",
"flow",
")",
"or",
"by",
"dissection",
"or",
"direct",
"trauma",
".",
"Transthoracic",
"ultrasound",
"showed",
"an",
"image",
"compatible",
"with",
"aortic",
"endocarditis",
".",
"In",
"parallel",
",",
"microbiology",
"isolated",
"fluconazole-resistant",
"Candida",
"albicans",
"in",
"blood",
"cultures",
".",
"No",
"retinal",
"embolisation",
".",
"Thoracic-abdominal",
"CT",
":",
"spondylodiscitis",
"D7-D8",
".",
"-",
"2nd",
":",
"Endocarditis",
"on",
"native",
"aortic",
"valve",
"due",
"to",
"azole-resistant",
"Candida",
"albicans",
",",
"criteria",
"?",
"treatment",
"?",
"According",
"to",
"the",
"modified",
"Duke",
"criteria",
",",
"it",
"was",
"a",
"definite",
"infective",
"endocarditis",
"(",
"1",
"major",
"and",
"4",
"minor",
"clinical",
"criteria",
")",
".",
"Echinocandin",
"or",
"amphotericin",
"B",
"+",
"/",
"-",
"Flucytosine",
"at",
"high",
"doses",
"is",
"recommended",
".",
"After",
"initial",
"iv",
"treatment",
",",
"reduce",
"to",
"an",
"oral",
"azole",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"6",
"more",
"weeks",
"after",
"surgery",
",",
"except",
"in",
"fluconazole",
"resistance",
",",
"where",
"voriconazole",
"or",
"posaconazole",
"is",
"recommended",
"if",
"sensitive",
".",
"If",
"resection",
"is",
"not",
"possible",
",",
"prolong",
"treatment",
".",
"Our",
"case",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"caspofungin",
",",
"valve",
"resection",
"and",
"supracondylar",
"amputation",
".",
"-",
"3rd",
":",
"Did",
"he",
"have",
"endocarditis",
"on",
"1st",
"admission",
"?",
"Certainly",
"there",
"were",
"no",
"criteria",
"and",
"it",
"was",
"reasonably",
"ruled",
"out",
".",
"But",
"the",
"recurrence",
"of",
"fungemia",
"without",
"new",
"urological",
"complications",
"leads",
"us",
"to",
"suspect",
"that",
"some",
"focus",
"persisted",
"over",
"time",
"and",
"endocarditis",
"would",
"be",
"the",
"first",
"candidate",
".",
"Final",
"Diagnosis",
"-",
"Endocarditis",
"on",
"native",
"aortic",
"valve",
"due",
"to",
"azole-resistant",
"Candida",
"albicans",
".",
"-",
"Acute",
"grade",
"iii",
"ischaemia",
"at",
"mid",
"and",
"spondylodiscitis",
"d7-d8",
",",
"probably",
"secondary",
"to",
"septic",
"emboli",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 167,
"end": 183
},
{
"text": "Pseudomona MR",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 188,
"end": 201
},
{
"text": "fungemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 207,
"end": 215
},
{
"text": "Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1491,
"end": 1507
},
{
"text": "fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1469,
"end": 1507
},
{
"text": "Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1665,
"end": 1681
},
{
"text": "azole-resistant Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1649,
"end": 1681
},
{
"text": "fungemia",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2367,
"end": 2375
},
{
"text": "Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2594,
"end": 2610
},
{
"text": "azole-resistant Candida albicans",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2578,
"end": 2610
}
] | en |
A 39-year-old male patient was admitted for a 15-day course of symptoms characterised by progressive loss of strength in the right arm, accompanied by dysarthria, holocranial headache refractory to common analgesics and fever (38.5°C), without chills. No abnormal signs were found on semiological examination of the skin and respiratory tract. He denied intravenous drug abuse. He had been diagnosed with AIDS for one year prior to the current illness. He was receiving antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) at usual doses. He had suffered from mucocutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis. CD4+ T-cell count was 114 cells/μL and plasma viral load < 50 copies/mL. Two blood culture samples were negative, and chest X-ray and computed tomography did not demonstrate pleuroparenchymal lesions. A brain CT scan, without and with contrast, showed two lobulated frontoparietal lesions located in the left and right hemispheres, respectively, with contrast enhancement in the periphery, in a ring and discrete mass effect on the midline structures. CT scan of the brain, sagittal and coronal sections, showing frontoparietal lesion, bilobulated, located in the right hemisphere, with contrast enhancement in the periphery, in a ring and discrete mass effect on the midline structures. CT scan of the brain showing frontoparietal lesions, lobulated, located in the left and right hemispheres, respectively, with contrast enhancement in the periphery, in a ring.
With a presumptive diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis, empirical treatment was started with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and leucovorin at the usual doses.
The clinical course was unfavourable, with accentuation of the neurological motor deficit and the addition of simple partial seizures in the right hemisphere. In addition, worsening of the brain lesions was noted on neuroimaging examinations. For these reasons, it was decided to perform a surgical exploration of the lesions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
During neurosurgery, two abscesses measuring 3 x 1 cm and 8 x 0.6 cm were found in the left and right frontoparietal regions, respectively. Drainage and removal of the capsule of both lesions was performed. Direct examination of the surgical biopsy material showed numerous leukocytes and, with Kinyoun staining, acid-fast branching filaments were observed. Direct examination of surgical biopsy material showing numerous leukocytes and, with Kinyoun staining, acid-fast branched filaments are observed.
Cultures on Columbia base agar with 5% sheep blood and on chocolate agar developed dry, musty-smelling, white, adherent colonies, which turned yellowish with prolonged incubation at room temperature at 72 h. The other cultures were carried out according to the same staining method. The other cultures were carried out following conventional methodology and showed no growth of other aerobic bacteria, strict anaerobic bacteria, fungi or mycobacteria.
Following the identification scheme for aerobic actinomycetes of clinical importance proposed by Brown and McNeil, the isolated microorganism was identified as Nocardia farcinica. Phenotypic characterisation was confirmed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA coding DNA. The PCR product of the 16S rRNA gene was obtained with Ta q DNA polymerase (Promega) using the primers described by Weisburg. Sequencing of the amplified product was performed on both DNA strands using an ABIPrism 3100 BioAnalyzer at the University of Utah. Nucleotide sequences were analysed with Blast V2.0 software. Sequence analysis of the isolate revealed 99 % identity with Nocardia farcinica (Accession Number GO853065-1). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by the epsilometric method. The cut-off points, expressed in ug/mL, were those recommended by NCCLS (2003): amikacin sensitive ≤ 8; resistant ≥ 16; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid sensitive ≤ 8/4, intermediate 16/8, resistant ≥ 32/16; ceftriaxone sensitive ≤ 8, intermediate 16 - 32, resistant ≥ 64; trimethoprim-sulfatoxazole : sensitive ≤ 2/32; resistant ≥ 4/76; ciprofloxacin: sensitive ≤ 1, intermediate 2, resistant ≥ 4; clarithromycin: sensitive ≤ 2, intermediate 4, resistant ≥ 8. Active antibiotics (MIC in μg/mL) were: TMP-SMX (0.064), ciprofloxacin (0.032), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (0.50) and amikacin (0.125). The organism was resistant to ceftriaxone (> 32) and clarithromycin (> 32). The patient was treated with TMP/SMX, at a dose of 15 mg/kg intravenously of the TMP component, divided into four daily doses, for three weeks. With this therapy, the clinical manifestations disappeared and significant improvement of neurological signs and abscessed brain imaging was achieved. The patient was discharged and continued on antiretroviral therapy plus 2 tablets of TMS/SMX 160/800 mg twice daily until one year of treatment was completed.
| [
"A",
"39-year-old",
"male",
"patient",
"was",
"admitted",
"for",
"a",
"15-day",
"course",
"of",
"symptoms",
"characterised",
"by",
"progressive",
"loss",
"of",
"strength",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"arm",
",",
"accompanied",
"by",
"dysarthria",
",",
"holocranial",
"headache",
"refractory",
"to",
"common",
"analgesics",
"and",
"fever",
"(",
"38",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
")",
",",
"without",
"chills",
".",
"No",
"abnormal",
"signs",
"were",
"found",
"on",
"semiological",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"skin",
"and",
"respiratory",
"tract",
".",
"He",
"denied",
"intravenous",
"drug",
"abuse",
".",
"He",
"had",
"been",
"diagnosed",
"with",
"AIDS",
"for",
"one",
"year",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"current",
"illness",
".",
"He",
"was",
"receiving",
"antiretroviral",
"therapy",
"and",
"prophylaxis",
"for",
"Pneumocystis",
"jirovecii",
"with",
"trimethoprim",
"/",
"sulfamethoxazole",
"(",
"TMP",
"/",
"SMX",
")",
"at",
"usual",
"doses",
".",
"He",
"had",
"suffered",
"from",
"mucocutaneous",
"Kaposi",
"'",
"s",
"sarcoma",
",",
"autoimmune",
"thrombocytopenic",
"purpura",
"and",
"recurrent",
"oropharyngeal",
"candidiasis",
".",
"CD4",
"+",
"T-cell",
"count",
"was",
"114",
"cells",
"/",
"μL",
"and",
"plasma",
"viral",
"load",
"<",
"50",
"copies",
"/",
"mL",
".",
"Two",
"blood",
"culture",
"samples",
"were",
"negative",
",",
"and",
"chest",
"X-ray",
"and",
"computed",
"tomography",
"did",
"not",
"demonstrate",
"pleuroparenchymal",
"lesions",
".",
"A",
"brain",
"CT",
"scan",
",",
"without",
"and",
"with",
"contrast",
",",
"showed",
"two",
"lobulated",
"frontoparietal",
"lesions",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"and",
"right",
"hemispheres",
",",
"respectively",
",",
"with",
"contrast",
"enhancement",
"in",
"the",
"periphery",
",",
"in",
"a",
"ring",
"and",
"discrete",
"mass",
"effect",
"on",
"the",
"midline",
"structures",
".",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
",",
"sagittal",
"and",
"coronal",
"sections",
",",
"showing",
"frontoparietal",
"lesion",
",",
"bilobulated",
",",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hemisphere",
",",
"with",
"contrast",
"enhancement",
"in",
"the",
"periphery",
",",
"in",
"a",
"ring",
"and",
"discrete",
"mass",
"effect",
"on",
"the",
"midline",
"structures",
".",
"CT",
"scan",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
"showing",
"frontoparietal",
"lesions",
",",
"lobulated",
",",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"and",
"right",
"hemispheres",
",",
"respectively",
",",
"with",
"contrast",
"enhancement",
"in",
"the",
"periphery",
",",
"in",
"a",
"ring",
".",
"With",
"a",
"presumptive",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"cerebral",
"toxoplasmosis",
",",
"empirical",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"pyrimethamine",
",",
"sulfadiazine",
"and",
"leucovorin",
"at",
"the",
"usual",
"doses",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"course",
"was",
"unfavourable",
",",
"with",
"accentuation",
"of",
"the",
"neurological",
"motor",
"deficit",
"and",
"the",
"addition",
"of",
"simple",
"partial",
"seizures",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hemisphere",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"worsening",
"of",
"the",
"brain",
"lesions",
"was",
"noted",
"on",
"neuroimaging",
"examinations",
".",
"For",
"these",
"reasons",
",",
"it",
"was",
"decided",
"to",
"perform",
"a",
"surgical",
"exploration",
"of",
"the",
"lesions",
"for",
"diagnostic",
"and",
"therapeutic",
"purposes",
".",
"During",
"neurosurgery",
",",
"two",
"abscesses",
"measuring",
"3",
"x",
"1",
"cm",
"and",
"8",
"x",
"0",
".",
"6",
"cm",
"were",
"found",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"and",
"right",
"frontoparietal",
"regions",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"Drainage",
"and",
"removal",
"of",
"the",
"capsule",
"of",
"both",
"lesions",
"was",
"performed",
".",
"Direct",
"examination",
"of",
"the",
"surgical",
"biopsy",
"material",
"showed",
"numerous",
"leukocytes",
"and",
",",
"with",
"Kinyoun",
"staining",
",",
"acid-fast",
"branching",
"filaments",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"Direct",
"examination",
"of",
"surgical",
"biopsy",
"material",
"showing",
"numerous",
"leukocytes",
"and",
",",
"with",
"Kinyoun",
"staining",
",",
"acid-fast",
"branched",
"filaments",
"are",
"observed",
".",
"Cultures",
"on",
"Columbia",
"base",
"agar",
"with",
"5",
"%",
"sheep",
"blood",
"and",
"on",
"chocolate",
"agar",
"developed",
"dry",
",",
"musty-smelling",
",",
"white",
",",
"adherent",
"colonies",
",",
"which",
"turned",
"yellowish",
"with",
"prolonged",
"incubation",
"at",
"room",
"temperature",
"at",
"72",
"h",
".",
"The",
"other",
"cultures",
"were",
"carried",
"out",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"same",
"staining",
"method",
".",
"The",
"other",
"cultures",
"were",
"carried",
"out",
"following",
"conventional",
"methodology",
"and",
"showed",
"no",
"growth",
"of",
"other",
"aerobic",
"bacteria",
",",
"strict",
"anaerobic",
"bacteria",
",",
"fungi",
"or",
"mycobacteria",
".",
"Following",
"the",
"identification",
"scheme",
"for",
"aerobic",
"actinomycetes",
"of",
"clinical",
"importance",
"proposed",
"by",
"Brown",
"and",
"McNeil",
",",
"the",
"isolated",
"microorganism",
"was",
"identified",
"as",
"Nocardia",
"farcinica",
".",
"Phenotypic",
"characterisation",
"was",
"confirmed",
"by",
"PCR",
"amplification",
"of",
"the",
"16S",
"rRNA",
"coding",
"DNA",
".",
"The",
"PCR",
"product",
"of",
"the",
"16S",
"rRNA",
"gene",
"was",
"obtained",
"with",
"Ta",
"q",
"DNA",
"polymerase",
"(",
"Promega",
")",
"using",
"the",
"primers",
"described",
"by",
"Weisburg",
".",
"Sequencing",
"of",
"the",
"amplified",
"product",
"was",
"performed",
"on",
"both",
"DNA",
"strands",
"using",
"an",
"ABIPrism",
"3100",
"BioAnalyzer",
"at",
"the",
"University",
"of",
"Utah",
".",
"Nucleotide",
"sequences",
"were",
"analysed",
"with",
"Blast",
"V2",
".",
"0",
"software",
".",
"Sequence",
"analysis",
"of",
"the",
"isolate",
"revealed",
"99",
"%",
"identity",
"with",
"Nocardia",
"farcinica",
"(",
"Accession",
"Number",
"GO853065-1",
")",
".",
"Antibiotic",
"sensitivity",
"was",
"performed",
"by",
"the",
"epsilometric",
"method",
".",
"The",
"cut-off",
"points",
",",
"expressed",
"in",
"ug",
"/",
"mL",
",",
"were",
"those",
"recommended",
"by",
"NCCLS",
"(",
"2003",
")",
":",
"amikacin",
"sensitive",
"≤",
"8",
";",
"resistant",
"≥",
"16",
";",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"sensitive",
"≤",
"8",
"/",
"4",
",",
"intermediate",
"16",
"/",
"8",
",",
"resistant",
"≥",
"32",
"/",
"16",
";",
"ceftriaxone",
"sensitive",
"≤",
"8",
",",
"intermediate",
"16",
"-",
"32",
",",
"resistant",
"≥",
"64",
";",
"trimethoprim-sulfatoxazole",
":",
"sensitive",
"≤",
"2",
"/",
"32",
";",
"resistant",
"≥",
"4",
"/",
"76",
";",
"ciprofloxacin",
":",
"sensitive",
"≤",
"1",
",",
"intermediate",
"2",
",",
"resistant",
"≥",
"4",
";",
"clarithromycin",
":",
"sensitive",
"≤",
"2",
",",
"intermediate",
"4",
",",
"resistant",
"≥",
"8",
".",
"Active",
"antibiotics",
"(",
"MIC",
"in",
"μg",
"/",
"mL",
")",
"were",
":",
"TMP-SMX",
"(",
"0",
".",
"064",
")",
",",
"ciprofloxacin",
"(",
"0",
".",
"032",
")",
",",
"amoxicillin-clavulanic",
"acid",
"(",
"0",
".",
"50",
")",
"and",
"amikacin",
"(",
"0",
".",
"125",
")",
".",
"The",
"organism",
"was",
"resistant",
"to",
"ceftriaxone",
"(",
">",
"32",
")",
"and",
"clarithromycin",
"(",
">",
"32",
")",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"TMP",
"/",
"SMX",
",",
"at",
"a",
"dose",
"of",
"15",
"mg",
"/",
"kg",
"intravenously",
"of",
"the",
"TMP",
"component",
",",
"divided",
"into",
"four",
"daily",
"doses",
",",
"for",
"three",
"weeks",
".",
"With",
"this",
"therapy",
",",
"the",
"clinical",
"manifestations",
"disappeared",
"and",
"significant",
"improvement",
"of",
"neurological",
"signs",
"and",
"abscessed",
"brain",
"imaging",
"was",
"achieved",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"was",
"discharged",
"and",
"continued",
"on",
"antiretroviral",
"therapy",
"plus",
"2",
"tablets",
"of",
"TMS",
"/",
"SMX",
"160",
"/",
"800",
"mg",
"twice",
"daily",
"until",
"one",
"year",
"of",
"treatment",
"was",
"completed",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "male patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "Pneumocystis jirovecii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 513,
"end": 535
},
{
"text": "antiretroviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 470,
"end": 484
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 19,
"end": 26
},
{
"text": "viral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 773,
"end": 778
},
{
"text": "acid-fast branched filaments",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2577,
"end": 2605
},
{
"text": "aerobic bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3004,
"end": 3020
},
{
"text": "strict anaerobic bacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3022,
"end": 3047
},
{
"text": "colonies",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2740,
"end": 2748
},
{
"text": "fungi",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3049,
"end": 3054
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3058,
"end": 3070
},
{
"text": "Nocardia farcinica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3233,
"end": 3251
},
{
"text": "Nocardia farcinica",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3724,
"end": 3742
},
{
"text": "antiretroviral",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4847,
"end": 4861
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4512,
"end": 4519
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4807,
"end": 4814
},
{
"text": "aerobic actinomycetes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3113,
"end": 3134
}
] | en |
Personal history
Male, 24 years old, from Morocco, resident in Spain for two years, with no subsequent trips to his country. Active smoker of twenty cigarettes/day, with no other history of interest.
Current illness
The patient had been admitted to hospital in September 2003 for a cough of two months' duration, with no other accompanying symptoms. On the day prior to the current admission, he presented with frank haemoptysis and chest pain.
Physical examination
No relevant findings.
Complementary examinations
The haemogram and coagulation study were normal. General biochemistry (including renal and hepatic profiles, total proteins, and serum immunoglobulins) was normal, sedimentation rate was 62 mm/h and CRP 5.4 mg/L. Antinuclear antibodies were negative. Baseline arterial blood gases were also normal. Mantoux intradermal reaction was negative. HIV serology was negative. Sputum culture showed usual oropharyngeal flora and smears were negative. Chest X-ray showed a left parahilar mass and chest CT scan showed a mass in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe, 5x4 centimetres in diameter, with poorly defined contours, heterogeneous content with cavitation inside and no locoregional adenopathies. Bronchoscopy revealed a hard whitish formation that emerged in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe, oscillated with respiratory movements and partially occluded the bronchus. The surrounding bronchial mucosa was normal. Samples were taken for microbiology (aerobic and fungal culture and investigation of acid-fast bacilli, the result of which was negative, although pending mycobacterial culture), and biopsy (absence of neoplastic cells, chronic active inflammation, without granulomas and with fibrino-leukocyte fragments).
Evolution
The patient persisted with moderate haemoptysis, without fever or constitutional symptoms and with a preserved general condition. After biopsy of the mass, he developed an alveolar infiltrate in the left upper lobe with respiratory insufficiency (compatible with obstructive pneumonitis), which improved clinically and radiologically with empirical broad-spectrum antibiotherapy (imipenem and tobramycin). He was discharged from hospital with diagnoses of left upper lobe mass under study, moderate haemoptysis, obstructive pneumonitis, nosocomial respiratory infection and acute respiratory failure resolved. No specific treatment was prescribed after discharge.
In November 2003, the results of the mycobacterial culture of the initial sputum were received, in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated, and anti-tuberculosis treatment was started with four drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol -HRZE-). A sensitivity study subsequently confirmed that the strain was sensitive to all first-line drugs. The clinical course after initiation of treatment was favourable, with normalisation of acute phase reactants. However, after completing six months of correct treatment (2HRZE + 4HR), with good adherence, the patient continued with intermittent moderate haemoptysis and persistence of the mass in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe of similar size and radiological characteristics (plain radiography and chest CT), except for the appearance of bilateral hilar adenopathies (predominantly right and up to 2 cm in diameter, not present at the beginning of the picture). A new blood test revealed elevated ACE levels (83 IU/L), while the haemogram values remained normal (no anaemia despite intermittent haemoptysis and no leukocytosis).
In this context, a new fibrobronchoscopy was performed, with similar findings to the previous one, showing in the biopsy of the mass an organised and compact mucoid material, in which few eosinophils were supernatant, without recognising bronchial tissue, microorganisms or neoplastic structures.
Diagnostic test
An open thoracotomy was performed and the mass was found to be a hydatid cyst.
Clinical judgement
Active pulmonary tuberculosis. Simultaneous pulmonary hydatid disease.
| [
"Personal",
"history",
"Male",
",",
"24",
"years",
"old",
",",
"from",
"Morocco",
",",
"resident",
"in",
"Spain",
"for",
"two",
"years",
",",
"with",
"no",
"subsequent",
"trips",
"to",
"his",
"country",
".",
"Active",
"smoker",
"of",
"twenty",
"cigarettes",
"/",
"day",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"Current",
"illness",
"The",
"patient",
"had",
"been",
"admitted",
"to",
"hospital",
"in",
"September",
"2003",
"for",
"a",
"cough",
"of",
"two",
"months",
"'",
"duration",
",",
"with",
"no",
"other",
"accompanying",
"symptoms",
".",
"On",
"the",
"day",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"current",
"admission",
",",
"he",
"presented",
"with",
"frank",
"haemoptysis",
"and",
"chest",
"pain",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
"No",
"relevant",
"findings",
".",
"Complementary",
"examinations",
"The",
"haemogram",
"and",
"coagulation",
"study",
"were",
"normal",
".",
"General",
"biochemistry",
"(",
"including",
"renal",
"and",
"hepatic",
"profiles",
",",
"total",
"proteins",
",",
"and",
"serum",
"immunoglobulins",
")",
"was",
"normal",
",",
"sedimentation",
"rate",
"was",
"62",
"mm",
"/",
"h",
"and",
"CRP",
"5",
".",
"4",
"mg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Antinuclear",
"antibodies",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Baseline",
"arterial",
"blood",
"gases",
"were",
"also",
"normal",
".",
"Mantoux",
"intradermal",
"reaction",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"HIV",
"serology",
"was",
"negative",
".",
"Sputum",
"culture",
"showed",
"usual",
"oropharyngeal",
"flora",
"and",
"smears",
"were",
"negative",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"a",
"left",
"parahilar",
"mass",
"and",
"chest",
"CT",
"scan",
"showed",
"a",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
",",
"5x4",
"centimetres",
"in",
"diameter",
",",
"with",
"poorly",
"defined",
"contours",
",",
"heterogeneous",
"content",
"with",
"cavitation",
"inside",
"and",
"no",
"locoregional",
"adenopathies",
".",
"Bronchoscopy",
"revealed",
"a",
"hard",
"whitish",
"formation",
"that",
"emerged",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
",",
"oscillated",
"with",
"respiratory",
"movements",
"and",
"partially",
"occluded",
"the",
"bronchus",
".",
"The",
"surrounding",
"bronchial",
"mucosa",
"was",
"normal",
".",
"Samples",
"were",
"taken",
"for",
"microbiology",
"(",
"aerobic",
"and",
"fungal",
"culture",
"and",
"investigation",
"of",
"acid-fast",
"bacilli",
",",
"the",
"result",
"of",
"which",
"was",
"negative",
",",
"although",
"pending",
"mycobacterial",
"culture",
")",
",",
"and",
"biopsy",
"(",
"absence",
"of",
"neoplastic",
"cells",
",",
"chronic",
"active",
"inflammation",
",",
"without",
"granulomas",
"and",
"with",
"fibrino-leukocyte",
"fragments",
")",
".",
"Evolution",
"The",
"patient",
"persisted",
"with",
"moderate",
"haemoptysis",
",",
"without",
"fever",
"or",
"constitutional",
"symptoms",
"and",
"with",
"a",
"preserved",
"general",
"condition",
".",
"After",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
",",
"he",
"developed",
"an",
"alveolar",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
"with",
"respiratory",
"insufficiency",
"(",
"compatible",
"with",
"obstructive",
"pneumonitis",
")",
",",
"which",
"improved",
"clinically",
"and",
"radiologically",
"with",
"empirical",
"broad-spectrum",
"antibiotherapy",
"(",
"imipenem",
"and",
"tobramycin",
")",
".",
"He",
"was",
"discharged",
"from",
"hospital",
"with",
"diagnoses",
"of",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
"mass",
"under",
"study",
",",
"moderate",
"haemoptysis",
",",
"obstructive",
"pneumonitis",
",",
"nosocomial",
"respiratory",
"infection",
"and",
"acute",
"respiratory",
"failure",
"resolved",
".",
"No",
"specific",
"treatment",
"was",
"prescribed",
"after",
"discharge",
".",
"In",
"November",
"2003",
",",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"mycobacterial",
"culture",
"of",
"the",
"initial",
"sputum",
"were",
"received",
",",
"in",
"which",
"Mycobacterium",
"tuberculosis",
"was",
"isolated",
",",
"and",
"anti-tuberculosis",
"treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"four",
"drugs",
"(",
"isoniazid",
",",
"rifampicin",
",",
"pyrazinamide",
"and",
"ethambutol",
"-",
"HRZE",
"-",
")",
".",
"A",
"sensitivity",
"study",
"subsequently",
"confirmed",
"that",
"the",
"strain",
"was",
"sensitive",
"to",
"all",
"first-line",
"drugs",
".",
"The",
"clinical",
"course",
"after",
"initiation",
"of",
"treatment",
"was",
"favourable",
",",
"with",
"normalisation",
"of",
"acute",
"phase",
"reactants",
".",
"However",
",",
"after",
"completing",
"six",
"months",
"of",
"correct",
"treatment",
"(",
"2HRZE",
"+",
"4HR",
")",
",",
"with",
"good",
"adherence",
",",
"the",
"patient",
"continued",
"with",
"intermittent",
"moderate",
"haemoptysis",
"and",
"persistence",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"anterior",
"segment",
"of",
"the",
"left",
"upper",
"lobe",
"of",
"similar",
"size",
"and",
"radiological",
"characteristics",
"(",
"plain",
"radiography",
"and",
"chest",
"CT",
")",
",",
"except",
"for",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"bilateral",
"hilar",
"adenopathies",
"(",
"predominantly",
"right",
"and",
"up",
"to",
"2",
"cm",
"in",
"diameter",
",",
"not",
"present",
"at",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"the",
"picture",
")",
".",
"A",
"new",
"blood",
"test",
"revealed",
"elevated",
"ACE",
"levels",
"(",
"83",
"IU",
"/",
"L",
")",
",",
"while",
"the",
"haemogram",
"values",
"remained",
"normal",
"(",
"no",
"anaemia",
"despite",
"intermittent",
"haemoptysis",
"and",
"no",
"leukocytosis",
")",
".",
"In",
"this",
"context",
",",
"a",
"new",
"fibrobronchoscopy",
"was",
"performed",
",",
"with",
"similar",
"findings",
"to",
"the",
"previous",
"one",
",",
"showing",
"in",
"the",
"biopsy",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
"an",
"organised",
"and",
"compact",
"mucoid",
"material",
",",
"in",
"which",
"few",
"eosinophils",
"were",
"supernatant",
",",
"without",
"recognising",
"bronchial",
"tissue",
",",
"microorganisms",
"or",
"neoplastic",
"structures",
".",
"Diagnostic",
"test",
"An",
"open",
"thoracotomy",
"was",
"performed",
"and",
"the",
"mass",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"a",
"hydatid",
"cyst",
".",
"Clinical",
"judgement",
"Active",
"pulmonary",
"tuberculosis",
".",
"Simultaneous",
"pulmonary",
"hydatid",
"disease",
"."
] | [
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Personal",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 0,
"end": 8
},
{
"text": "Male",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 17,
"end": 21
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 221,
"end": 228
},
{
"text": "HIV",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 860,
"end": 863
},
{
"text": "acid-fast bacilli",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1533,
"end": 1550
},
{
"text": "oropharyngeal flora",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 915,
"end": 934
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1770,
"end": 1777
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2535,
"end": 2561
},
{
"text": "strain",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2749,
"end": 2755
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3004,
"end": 3011
},
{
"text": "microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3795,
"end": 3809
}
] | en |
A 13-year-old female patient was referred for consultation by her GP for presenting with fever of 37.5° C to 38°C, cough with scanty expectoration, weakness, asthenia and arthralgias of large joints, without effusion, which started 20 days after her arrival in Tucumán. During his evolution he developed erythema nodosum on the lower two thirds and anterior face of both legs, consisting of 10 to 12 elements on each of them, painful, spontaneously and on palpation, with erythema of the overlying skin. In addition, flictenular conjunctivitis was observed in both eyes, consisting of a group of congestive vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva, which from the external corner of the eye, reached the corneal edge, where they ended in a small flictena. Flictenular conjunctivitis: congestive vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva reaching the cornea and ending in a small flictena. The patient consulted 4 days after the onset of the clinical picture. She continued with the same symptoms for 15 days, after which convalescence began. She had a prolonged course, with general symptoms that slowly subsided and lasted for approximately 3 months. On the sixth day after the onset of the disease, laboratory tests showed: RBC. 4,400,000 per mm3; Hb. 12 g %; Ht. 37%; WBC. 8,900 per mm3; N 73%, E 2%, B 0%, L 20% and M 5%; ESR 100 mm at 1 hour; C-reactive protein ++++; ASTO 2,500 T.U.; glycaemia 78 mg/100 mL; normal hepatogram; facial swab negative for Streptococcus beta-hemolyticus group A (SßhGA), blood cultures, 3 samples negative for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and stool cultures with usual flora. Chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. As a valuable environmental and epidemiological background, she lived in the town of San Isidro, province of Buenos Aires, together with her parents and four sisters, aged 1, 9, 12 and 15 years, respectively. Both parents and the five sisters travelled by car to the province of Tucumán to visit relatives. As a salient fact, they report that they passed through very dry roads in Santiago del Estero, where the vehicle was filled with dust, which they inevitably breathed in. Once in Tucumán, during the 10 days of their stay, the five sisters played almost every day in the sheds of the farm's chicken farm.
The 15-year-old sister presented with a flu-like illness, with a fever of 37.5°C to 38°C, which started 20 days after her arrival in Tucumán and developed over a period of 10 days. She was treated symptomatically and the initial symptoms subsided. During the following 20 to 30 days she had asthenia, cough and headache. The 12-year-old sister, who started 8 days after her arrival in Tucumán, presented a flu-like picture with fever of 37.5°C to 38°C, which self-limited in 20 days.
The 9-year-old girl, 20 days after her arrival in Tucumán, started with fever, which lasted for a week. Finally, the youngest, aged 1 year, had a fever of 38°C to 39°C, which started 8 days after her arrival in Tucumán and progressed for 10 days with general symptoms and night sweats that subsided in a few days. Chest X-rays of the four sisters showed no abnormalities. These four sisters were seen by different clinicians and ENT specialists with diagnoses of pharyngitis or respiratory virosis and did not attend the consultation with the first of the patients described, as the parents and physicians considered them to have independent and unrelated aetiological conditions. Only the first of the patients presented developed a clinical picture with important repercussions on the general condition, unlike the other sisters, which led to a specialised consultation.due to the possibility of fungal aetiology, in particular H. capsulatum or Coccidiodes posadasii, Prof. Dr. Ricardo Negroni, from the Mycology Unit of the Hospital de Infecciosas "F. J. Muñiz" Infectious Diseases Hospital, CABA. Blood samples were taken from the five sisters for serological tests with Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and Coccidiodes posadasii antigens. The antigens used were unpurified metabolic reagents of the mycelial form, obtained by filtration of the growth of both fungi in liquid media, according to a published technique. Agar gel immunodiffusion and complement fixation reactions were performed following procedures recommended in previous studies. Skin tests were performed according to the Mantoux technique, with metabolic histoplasmin and coccidiodin obtained from the mycelial forms of both fungi, grown on the asparagine-salt medium described by Smith. The antigens were provided by the Mycology Centre of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires; the histoplasmin used was identified as L63 and the coccidiodin was L73. These reagents were used in 1/100 dilution, except in the patient with erythema nodosum who was injected with 1/1000 dilutions of both antigens. Histoplasmin skin tests were positive in all five patients, with infiltrates ranging from 10 mm to 22 mm. The 13-year-old patient with erythema nodosum, in whom the 1/1000 dilution of histoplasmin was used, had 20 mm of induration. Coccidiodin skin tests were negative in all five sisters. Serological tests by agar gel immunodiffusion and histoplasmin complement fixation showed positive reactions in the 15-, 13- and 12-year-old girls, with titres ranging from pure serum to 1/4 dilution for immunodiffusion and 1/8 and 1/32 dilutions for complement fixation. Girls aged 9 and 1 years had negative serological reactions. Coccidiodin serological tests were negative in all cases.
None of the girls received antifungal treatment, were treated symptomatically and all were clinically cured. All five sisters were monitored for 2 years with no abnormalities observed. Both parents had no signs or symptoms to warrant further investigations.
| [
"A",
"13-year-old",
"female",
"patient",
"was",
"referred",
"for",
"consultation",
"by",
"her",
"GP",
"for",
"presenting",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"37",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
"to",
"38",
"°",
"C",
",",
"cough",
"with",
"scanty",
"expectoration",
",",
"weakness",
",",
"asthenia",
"and",
"arthralgias",
"of",
"large",
"joints",
",",
"without",
"effusion",
",",
"which",
"started",
"20",
"days",
"after",
"her",
"arrival",
"in",
"Tucumán",
".",
"During",
"his",
"evolution",
"he",
"developed",
"erythema",
"nodosum",
"on",
"the",
"lower",
"two",
"thirds",
"and",
"anterior",
"face",
"of",
"both",
"legs",
",",
"consisting",
"of",
"10",
"to",
"12",
"elements",
"on",
"each",
"of",
"them",
",",
"painful",
",",
"spontaneously",
"and",
"on",
"palpation",
",",
"with",
"erythema",
"of",
"the",
"overlying",
"skin",
".",
"In",
"addition",
",",
"flictenular",
"conjunctivitis",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"both",
"eyes",
",",
"consisting",
"of",
"a",
"group",
"of",
"congestive",
"vessels",
"of",
"the",
"bulbar",
"conjunctiva",
",",
"which",
"from",
"the",
"external",
"corner",
"of",
"the",
"eye",
",",
"reached",
"the",
"corneal",
"edge",
",",
"where",
"they",
"ended",
"in",
"a",
"small",
"flictena",
".",
"Flictenular",
"conjunctivitis",
":",
"congestive",
"vessels",
"of",
"the",
"bulbar",
"conjunctiva",
"reaching",
"the",
"cornea",
"and",
"ending",
"in",
"a",
"small",
"flictena",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"consulted",
"4",
"days",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"clinical",
"picture",
".",
"She",
"continued",
"with",
"the",
"same",
"symptoms",
"for",
"15",
"days",
",",
"after",
"which",
"convalescence",
"began",
".",
"She",
"had",
"a",
"prolonged",
"course",
",",
"with",
"general",
"symptoms",
"that",
"slowly",
"subsided",
"and",
"lasted",
"for",
"approximately",
"3",
"months",
".",
"On",
"the",
"sixth",
"day",
"after",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
",",
"laboratory",
"tests",
"showed",
":",
"RBC",
".",
"4",
",",
"400",
",",
"000",
"per",
"mm3",
";",
"Hb",
".",
"12",
"g",
"%",
";",
"Ht",
".",
"37",
"%",
";",
"WBC",
".",
"8",
",",
"900",
"per",
"mm3",
";",
"N",
"73",
"%",
",",
"E",
"2",
"%",
",",
"B",
"0",
"%",
",",
"L",
"20",
"%",
"and",
"M",
"5",
"%",
";",
"ESR",
"100",
"mm",
"at",
"1",
"hour",
";",
"C-reactive",
"protein",
"+",
"+",
"+",
"+",
";",
"ASTO",
"2",
",",
"500",
"T",
".",
"U",
".",
";",
"glycaemia",
"78",
"mg",
"/",
"100",
"mL",
";",
"normal",
"hepatogram",
";",
"facial",
"swab",
"negative",
"for",
"Streptococcus",
"beta-hemolyticus",
"group",
"A",
"(",
"SßhGA",
")",
",",
"blood",
"cultures",
",",
"3",
"samples",
"negative",
"for",
"aerobic",
"and",
"anaerobic",
"microorganisms",
"and",
"stool",
"cultures",
"with",
"usual",
"flora",
".",
"Chest",
"X-ray",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"As",
"a",
"valuable",
"environmental",
"and",
"epidemiological",
"background",
",",
"she",
"lived",
"in",
"the",
"town",
"of",
"San",
"Isidro",
",",
"province",
"of",
"Buenos",
"Aires",
",",
"together",
"with",
"her",
"parents",
"and",
"four",
"sisters",
",",
"aged",
"1",
",",
"9",
",",
"12",
"and",
"15",
"years",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"Both",
"parents",
"and",
"the",
"five",
"sisters",
"travelled",
"by",
"car",
"to",
"the",
"province",
"of",
"Tucumán",
"to",
"visit",
"relatives",
".",
"As",
"a",
"salient",
"fact",
",",
"they",
"report",
"that",
"they",
"passed",
"through",
"very",
"dry",
"roads",
"in",
"Santiago",
"del",
"Estero",
",",
"where",
"the",
"vehicle",
"was",
"filled",
"with",
"dust",
",",
"which",
"they",
"inevitably",
"breathed",
"in",
".",
"Once",
"in",
"Tucumán",
",",
"during",
"the",
"10",
"days",
"of",
"their",
"stay",
",",
"the",
"five",
"sisters",
"played",
"almost",
"every",
"day",
"in",
"the",
"sheds",
"of",
"the",
"farm",
"'",
"s",
"chicken",
"farm",
".",
"The",
"15-year-old",
"sister",
"presented",
"with",
"a",
"flu-like",
"illness",
",",
"with",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"37",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
"to",
"38",
"°",
"C",
",",
"which",
"started",
"20",
"days",
"after",
"her",
"arrival",
"in",
"Tucumán",
"and",
"developed",
"over",
"a",
"period",
"of",
"10",
"days",
".",
"She",
"was",
"treated",
"symptomatically",
"and",
"the",
"initial",
"symptoms",
"subsided",
".",
"During",
"the",
"following",
"20",
"to",
"30",
"days",
"she",
"had",
"asthenia",
",",
"cough",
"and",
"headache",
".",
"The",
"12-year-old",
"sister",
",",
"who",
"started",
"8",
"days",
"after",
"her",
"arrival",
"in",
"Tucumán",
",",
"presented",
"a",
"flu-like",
"picture",
"with",
"fever",
"of",
"37",
".",
"5",
"°",
"C",
"to",
"38",
"°",
"C",
",",
"which",
"self-limited",
"in",
"20",
"days",
".",
"The",
"9-year-old",
"girl",
",",
"20",
"days",
"after",
"her",
"arrival",
"in",
"Tucumán",
",",
"started",
"with",
"fever",
",",
"which",
"lasted",
"for",
"a",
"week",
".",
"Finally",
",",
"the",
"youngest",
",",
"aged",
"1",
"year",
",",
"had",
"a",
"fever",
"of",
"38",
"°",
"C",
"to",
"39",
"°",
"C",
",",
"which",
"started",
"8",
"days",
"after",
"her",
"arrival",
"in",
"Tucumán",
"and",
"progressed",
"for",
"10",
"days",
"with",
"general",
"symptoms",
"and",
"night",
"sweats",
"that",
"subsided",
"in",
"a",
"few",
"days",
".",
"Chest",
"X-rays",
"of",
"the",
"four",
"sisters",
"showed",
"no",
"abnormalities",
".",
"These",
"four",
"sisters",
"were",
"seen",
"by",
"different",
"clinicians",
"and",
"ENT",
"specialists",
"with",
"diagnoses",
"of",
"pharyngitis",
"or",
"respiratory",
"virosis",
"and",
"did",
"not",
"attend",
"the",
"consultation",
"with",
"the",
"first",
"of",
"the",
"patients",
"described",
",",
"as",
"the",
"parents",
"and",
"physicians",
"considered",
"them",
"to",
"have",
"independent",
"and",
"unrelated",
"aetiological",
"conditions",
".",
"Only",
"the",
"first",
"of",
"the",
"patients",
"presented",
"developed",
"a",
"clinical",
"picture",
"with",
"important",
"repercussions",
"on",
"the",
"general",
"condition",
",",
"unlike",
"the",
"other",
"sisters",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"specialised",
"consultation",
".",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"fungal",
"aetiology",
",",
"in",
"particular",
"H",
".",
"capsulatum",
"or",
"Coccidiodes",
"posadasii",
",",
"Prof",
".",
"Dr",
".",
"Ricardo",
"Negroni",
",",
"from",
"the",
"Mycology",
"Unit",
"of",
"the",
"Hospital",
"de",
"Infecciosas",
"\"",
"F",
".",
"J",
".",
"Muñiz",
"\"",
"Infectious",
"Diseases",
"Hospital",
",",
"CABA",
".",
"Blood",
"samples",
"were",
"taken",
"from",
"the",
"five",
"sisters",
"for",
"serological",
"tests",
"with",
"Histoplasma",
"capsulatum",
"var",
".",
"capsulatum",
"and",
"Coccidiodes",
"posadasii",
"antigens",
".",
"The",
"antigens",
"used",
"were",
"unpurified",
"metabolic",
"reagents",
"of",
"the",
"mycelial",
"form",
",",
"obtained",
"by",
"filtration",
"of",
"the",
"growth",
"of",
"both",
"fungi",
"in",
"liquid",
"media",
",",
"according",
"to",
"a",
"published",
"technique",
".",
"Agar",
"gel",
"immunodiffusion",
"and",
"complement",
"fixation",
"reactions",
"were",
"performed",
"following",
"procedures",
"recommended",
"in",
"previous",
"studies",
".",
"Skin",
"tests",
"were",
"performed",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"Mantoux",
"technique",
",",
"with",
"metabolic",
"histoplasmin",
"and",
"coccidiodin",
"obtained",
"from",
"the",
"mycelial",
"forms",
"of",
"both",
"fungi",
",",
"grown",
"on",
"the",
"asparagine-salt",
"medium",
"described",
"by",
"Smith",
".",
"The",
"antigens",
"were",
"provided",
"by",
"the",
"Mycology",
"Centre",
"of",
"the",
"Faculty",
"of",
"Medicine",
"of",
"the",
"University",
"of",
"Buenos",
"Aires",
";",
"the",
"histoplasmin",
"used",
"was",
"identified",
"as",
"L63",
"and",
"the",
"coccidiodin",
"was",
"L73",
".",
"These",
"reagents",
"were",
"used",
"in",
"1",
"/",
"100",
"dilution",
",",
"except",
"in",
"the",
"patient",
"with",
"erythema",
"nodosum",
"who",
"was",
"injected",
"with",
"1",
"/",
"1000",
"dilutions",
"of",
"both",
"antigens",
".",
"Histoplasmin",
"skin",
"tests",
"were",
"positive",
"in",
"all",
"five",
"patients",
",",
"with",
"infiltrates",
"ranging",
"from",
"10",
"mm",
"to",
"22",
"mm",
".",
"The",
"13-year-old",
"patient",
"with",
"erythema",
"nodosum",
",",
"in",
"whom",
"the",
"1",
"/",
"1000",
"dilution",
"of",
"histoplasmin",
"was",
"used",
",",
"had",
"20",
"mm",
"of",
"induration",
".",
"Coccidiodin",
"skin",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
"in",
"all",
"five",
"sisters",
".",
"Serological",
"tests",
"by",
"agar",
"gel",
"immunodiffusion",
"and",
"histoplasmin",
"complement",
"fixation",
"showed",
"positive",
"reactions",
"in",
"the",
"15",
"-",
",",
"13",
"-",
"and",
"12-year-old",
"girls",
",",
"with",
"titres",
"ranging",
"from",
"pure",
"serum",
"to",
"1",
"/",
"4",
"dilution",
"for",
"immunodiffusion",
"and",
"1",
"/",
"8",
"and",
"1",
"/",
"32",
"dilutions",
"for",
"complement",
"fixation",
".",
"Girls",
"aged",
"9",
"and",
"1",
"years",
"had",
"negative",
"serological",
"reactions",
".",
"Coccidiodin",
"serological",
"tests",
"were",
"negative",
"in",
"all",
"cases",
".",
"None",
"of",
"the",
"girls",
"received",
"antifungal",
"treatment",
",",
"were",
"treated",
"symptomatically",
"and",
"all",
"were",
"clinically",
"cured",
".",
"All",
"five",
"sisters",
"were",
"monitored",
"for",
"2",
"years",
"with",
"no",
"abnormalities",
"observed",
".",
"Both",
"parents",
"had",
"no",
"signs",
"or",
"symptoms",
"to",
"warrant",
"further",
"investigations",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "Streptococcus beta-hemolyticus group A",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1443,
"end": 1481
},
{
"text": "aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1530,
"end": 1566
},
{
"text": "relatives",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1937,
"end": 1946
},
{
"text": "flora",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1597,
"end": 1602
},
{
"text": "sisters",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1799,
"end": 1806
},
{
"text": "sisters",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1876,
"end": 1883
},
{
"text": "sisters",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2178,
"end": 2185
},
{
"text": "girl",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2751,
"end": 2755
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4746,
"end": 4753
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4955,
"end": 4962
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3292,
"end": 3300
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3439,
"end": 3447
},
{
"text": "patients",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 4883,
"end": 4891
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3319,
"end": 3326
},
{
"text": "H. capsulatum",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3666,
"end": 3679
},
{
"text": "clinicians",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3150,
"end": 3160
},
{
"text": "Coccidiodes posadasii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3683,
"end": 3704
},
{
"text": "Coccidiodes posadasii",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3954,
"end": 3975
},
{
"text": "Prof",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 3706,
"end": 3710
},
{
"text": "Mycology",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 3742,
"end": 3750
},
{
"text": "Mycology",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4537,
"end": 4545
},
{
"text": "histoplasmin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4370,
"end": 4382
},
{
"text": "histoplasmin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4619,
"end": 4631
},
{
"text": "Histoplasmin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4833,
"end": 4845
},
{
"text": "histoplasmin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5017,
"end": 5029
},
{
"text": "histoplasmin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5173,
"end": 5185
},
{
"text": "coccidiodin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4387,
"end": 4398
},
{
"text": "coccidiodin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 4667,
"end": 4678
},
{
"text": "Coccidiodin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5065,
"end": 5076
},
{
"text": "Coccidiodin",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5456,
"end": 5467
},
{
"text": "girls",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5264,
"end": 5269
},
{
"text": "Girls",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5395,
"end": 5400
},
{
"text": "antifungal",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 5541,
"end": 5551
},
{
"text": "sisters",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5632,
"end": 5639
},
{
"text": "parents",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5704,
"end": 5711
},
{
"text": "girls",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 5526,
"end": 5531
}
] | en |
A 33 year old woman under gynaecological examination for secondary amenorrhoea with a normal pituitary profile and previous episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease. Given that the hormonal profile was completely normal and she was not deprived by high-dose hormonal treatment, an endometrial origin of the amenorrhoea was suspected.
She had no drug allergies or other medical history of interest. On genital examination she had a vaginal ulcer, cervix with periorificial ectopia bleeding on contact and leucorrhoea of non-pathological appearance. Gynaecology requested an endometrial biopsy for study and cultures of the vaginal ulcer.
She was referred to the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic from Gynaecology after finding the anatomopathological result of the endometrial biopsy (see attached image): fragments of endometrial mucosa in which an epithelium with an initial secretory pattern is observed, highlighting the presence of a lymphoid infiltrate in the endometrial stroma together with frequent granulomas, without necrosis, in which the presence of numerous Langerhans-type giant cells can be observed. The study with special techniques (Zhiel-Neelsen) did not show the existence of acid-alcohol resistant bacterial organisms; with a conclusive anatomopathological diagnosis of granulomatous endometritis.
Treatment was started with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, pending the results of the Mantoux test and the culture of mycobacteria in a vaginal sample. The patient remained asymptomatic, although she continued to have amenorrhoea. Subsequently, the results of the Mantoux test (15 mm) and mycobacterial culture in the vaginal specimen were positive for Mycobacterium bovis sensitive to streptomycin, ethambutol, isoniazid and rifampicin, and resistant to pyrazinamide. Therefore, pyrazinamide was discontinued leaving the patient on 3 drugs for a total duration of 9 months. Mycobacterium bovis also grew in the Löwenstein-Jensen culture medium. After antibiotic treatment the resolution of the endometritis and granulomatous vaginitis due to Mycobacterium bovis was resolved and the patient has evolved satisfactorily.
| [
"A",
"33",
"year",
"old",
"woman",
"under",
"gynaecological",
"examination",
"for",
"secondary",
"amenorrhoea",
"with",
"a",
"normal",
"pituitary",
"profile",
"and",
"previous",
"episodes",
"of",
"pelvic",
"inflammatory",
"disease",
".",
"Given",
"that",
"the",
"hormonal",
"profile",
"was",
"completely",
"normal",
"and",
"she",
"was",
"not",
"deprived",
"by",
"high-dose",
"hormonal",
"treatment",
",",
"an",
"endometrial",
"origin",
"of",
"the",
"amenorrhoea",
"was",
"suspected",
".",
"She",
"had",
"no",
"drug",
"allergies",
"or",
"other",
"medical",
"history",
"of",
"interest",
".",
"On",
"genital",
"examination",
"she",
"had",
"a",
"vaginal",
"ulcer",
",",
"cervix",
"with",
"periorificial",
"ectopia",
"bleeding",
"on",
"contact",
"and",
"leucorrhoea",
"of",
"non-pathological",
"appearance",
".",
"Gynaecology",
"requested",
"an",
"endometrial",
"biopsy",
"for",
"study",
"and",
"cultures",
"of",
"the",
"vaginal",
"ulcer",
".",
"She",
"was",
"referred",
"to",
"the",
"Internal",
"Medicine",
"outpatient",
"clinic",
"from",
"Gynaecology",
"after",
"finding",
"the",
"anatomopathological",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"endometrial",
"biopsy",
"(",
"see",
"attached",
"image",
")",
":",
"fragments",
"of",
"endometrial",
"mucosa",
"in",
"which",
"an",
"epithelium",
"with",
"an",
"initial",
"secretory",
"pattern",
"is",
"observed",
",",
"highlighting",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"a",
"lymphoid",
"infiltrate",
"in",
"the",
"endometrial",
"stroma",
"together",
"with",
"frequent",
"granulomas",
",",
"without",
"necrosis",
",",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"numerous",
"Langerhans-type",
"giant",
"cells",
"can",
"be",
"observed",
".",
"The",
"study",
"with",
"special",
"techniques",
"(",
"Zhiel-Neelsen",
")",
"did",
"not",
"show",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"acid-alcohol",
"resistant",
"bacterial",
"organisms",
";",
"with",
"a",
"conclusive",
"anatomopathological",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"granulomatous",
"endometritis",
".",
"Treatment",
"was",
"started",
"with",
"isoniazid",
",",
"rifampicin",
",",
"pyrazinamide",
"and",
"ethambutol",
",",
"pending",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"and",
"the",
"culture",
"of",
"mycobacteria",
"in",
"a",
"vaginal",
"sample",
".",
"The",
"patient",
"remained",
"asymptomatic",
",",
"although",
"she",
"continued",
"to",
"have",
"amenorrhoea",
".",
"Subsequently",
",",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"Mantoux",
"test",
"(",
"15",
"mm",
")",
"and",
"mycobacterial",
"culture",
"in",
"the",
"vaginal",
"specimen",
"were",
"positive",
"for",
"Mycobacterium",
"bovis",
"sensitive",
"to",
"streptomycin",
",",
"ethambutol",
",",
"isoniazid",
"and",
"rifampicin",
",",
"and",
"resistant",
"to",
"pyrazinamide",
".",
"Therefore",
",",
"pyrazinamide",
"was",
"discontinued",
"leaving",
"the",
"patient",
"on",
"3",
"drugs",
"for",
"a",
"total",
"duration",
"of",
"9",
"months",
".",
"Mycobacterium",
"bovis",
"also",
"grew",
"in",
"the",
"Löwenstein-Jensen",
"culture",
"medium",
".",
"After",
"antibiotic",
"treatment",
"the",
"resolution",
"of",
"the",
"endometritis",
"and",
"granulomatous",
"vaginitis",
"due",
"to",
"Mycobacterium",
"bovis",
"was",
"resolved",
"and",
"the",
"patient",
"has",
"evolved",
"satisfactorily",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"text": "woman",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 14,
"end": 19
},
{
"text": "mycobacteria",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1458,
"end": 1470
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1496,
"end": 1503
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 1862,
"end": 1869
},
{
"text": "patient",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 2124,
"end": 2131
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium bovis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1693,
"end": 1712
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium bovis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1915,
"end": 1934
},
{
"text": "Mycobacterium bovis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 2083,
"end": 2102
}
] | en |
We present the case of a 14-year-old adolescent who since 2015 has presented with episodes of RLE following stings by unidentified hymenoptera. On one occasion the reaction affected 2 contiguous joints. No associated systemic symptoms. She required emergency department attendance where she received treatment with corticosteroids and oral antihistamines with improvement in 5 days.
Results:
PC in prick test with negative result, PC in Intradermal reaction against Polistes dominulus (0.01 μg/ml) 4 mm, against Apis mellifera and Vespula spp (1 μg/ml) 3 mm, histamine 3 mm. In vitro study: basal tryptase 3.7 μg/L. Total IgE 284.1 KU/L, specific IgE: bee 6.15, Polistes spp 3.16, Vespula spp 3.30 and Polistes dominulus 4.09 KU/L. sIgE by components: Apim1 0.03, Apim2 0.85, Apim4 0, Vesv1 0.16, Vesv5 0.02, Pold1 0.48, Pold5 0.14, Peroxidase CCD 3.76 KUA/L.
Conclusions:
After performing the allergological study, it shows a triple sensitisation in sIgE by Immunocap to bees and vespids.
After the extension of the study by ADVIA technique by components, the diagnosis was made, suggesting an allergy to Apis and Polistes.
The double positivity to Apis and Vespula is probably due to hyaluronidase and/or CCD sensitisation.
Sensitisation to CCD could justify the triple sIgE sensitisation to Apis, Vespula and Polistes.
| [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"case",
"of",
"a",
"14-year-old",
"adolescent",
"who",
"since",
"2015",
"has",
"presented",
"with",
"episodes",
"of",
"RLE",
"following",
"stings",
"by",
"unidentified",
"hymenoptera",
".",
"On",
"one",
"occasion",
"the",
"reaction",
"affected",
"2",
"contiguous",
"joints",
".",
"No",
"associated",
"systemic",
"symptoms",
".",
"She",
"required",
"emergency",
"department",
"attendance",
"where",
"she",
"received",
"treatment",
"with",
"corticosteroids",
"and",
"oral",
"antihistamines",
"with",
"improvement",
"in",
"5",
"days",
".",
"Results",
":",
"PC",
"in",
"prick",
"test",
"with",
"negative",
"result",
",",
"PC",
"in",
"Intradermal",
"reaction",
"against",
"Polistes",
"dominulus",
"(",
"0",
".",
"01",
"μg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
"4",
"mm",
",",
"against",
"Apis",
"mellifera",
"and",
"Vespula",
"spp",
"(",
"1",
"μg",
"/",
"ml",
")",
"3",
"mm",
",",
"histamine",
"3",
"mm",
".",
"In",
"vitro",
"study",
":",
"basal",
"tryptase",
"3",
".",
"7",
"μg",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Total",
"IgE",
"284",
".",
"1",
"KU",
"/",
"L",
",",
"specific",
"IgE",
":",
"bee",
"6",
".",
"15",
",",
"Polistes",
"spp",
"3",
".",
"16",
",",
"Vespula",
"spp",
"3",
".",
"30",
"and",
"Polistes",
"dominulus",
"4",
".",
"09",
"KU",
"/",
"L",
".",
"sIgE",
"by",
"components",
":",
"Apim1",
"0",
".",
"03",
",",
"Apim2",
"0",
".",
"85",
",",
"Apim4",
"0",
",",
"Vesv1",
"0",
".",
"16",
",",
"Vesv5",
"0",
".",
"02",
",",
"Pold1",
"0",
".",
"48",
",",
"Pold5",
"0",
".",
"14",
",",
"Peroxidase",
"CCD",
"3",
".",
"76",
"KUA",
"/",
"L",
".",
"Conclusions",
":",
"After",
"performing",
"the",
"allergological",
"study",
",",
"it",
"shows",
"a",
"triple",
"sensitisation",
"in",
"sIgE",
"by",
"Immunocap",
"to",
"bees",
"and",
"vespids",
".",
"After",
"the",
"extension",
"of",
"the",
"study",
"by",
"ADVIA",
"technique",
"by",
"components",
",",
"the",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"made",
",",
"suggesting",
"an",
"allergy",
"to",
"Apis",
"and",
"Polistes",
".",
"The",
"double",
"positivity",
"to",
"Apis",
"and",
"Vespula",
"is",
"probably",
"due",
"to",
"hyaluronidase",
"and",
"/",
"or",
"CCD",
"sensitisation",
".",
"Sensitisation",
"to",
"CCD",
"could",
"justify",
"the",
"triple",
"sIgE",
"sensitisation",
"to",
"Apis",
",",
"Vespula",
"and",
"Polistes",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
4,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0,
3,
0
] | [
{
"text": "adolescent",
"label": "HUMAN",
"start": 37,
"end": 47
},
{
"text": "hymenoptera",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 131,
"end": 142
},
{
"text": "bee",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 653,
"end": 656
},
{
"text": "Polistes dominulus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 467,
"end": 485
},
{
"text": "Polistes dominulus",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 703,
"end": 721
},
{
"text": "Apis mellifera",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 513,
"end": 527
},
{
"text": "Vespula spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 532,
"end": 543
},
{
"text": "Vespula spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 682,
"end": 693
},
{
"text": "Polistes spp",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 663,
"end": 675
},
{
"text": "Apis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 513,
"end": 517
},
{
"text": "Polistes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 467,
"end": 475
},
{
"text": "Polistes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 663,
"end": 671
},
{
"text": "Polistes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 703,
"end": 711
},
{
"text": "Vespula",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 532,
"end": 539
},
{
"text": "Vespula",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 682,
"end": 689
},
{
"text": "bees",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 974,
"end": 978
},
{
"text": "Apis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1108,
"end": 1112
},
{
"text": "Polistes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1117,
"end": 1125
},
{
"text": "Apis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1152,
"end": 1156
},
{
"text": "Vespula",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1161,
"end": 1168
},
{
"text": "Apis",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1296,
"end": 1300
},
{
"text": "Polistes",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1314,
"end": 1322
},
{
"text": "Vespula",
"label": "SPECIES",
"start": 1302,
"end": 1309
}
] | en |
Subsets and Splits