doc_id
stringclasses
36 values
sentence
stringlengths
1
1.16k
tokens
sequencelengths
1
308
beginOffset
int32
0
64.3k
endOffset
int32
7
64.8k
AZ_labels
stringclasses
90 values
Measurement_label
stringclasses
3 values
NER_labels
sequence
NER_labels_BILOU
sequencelengths
1
308
relations
sequence
docFileName
stringclasses
36 values
data_split
stringclasses
5 values
category
stringclasses
7 values
graphene_01
In addition, the redox Cu2+ species ensures direct O2 adsorption at the active site and leads to the desired four-electron ORR pathway.
[ "In", "addition", ",", "the", "redox", "Cu2", "+", "species", "ensures", "direct", "O2", "adsorption", "at", "the", "active", "site", "and", "leads", "to", "the", "desired", "four", "-", "electron", "ORR", "pathway", "." ]
26,043
26,178
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [ "Cu2+", "O2" ], "id": [ 99961, 99970 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "23", "51" ], "end": [ "27", "53" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 6 ], [ 10, 10 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
In conclusion, the coordinated copper ions have imparted to N- rGO high catalytic activity and brilliant long-term stability for ORR, outperforming noble metal-containing catalysts.
[ "In", "conclusion", ",", "the", "coordinated", "copper", "ions", "have", "imparted", "to", "N", "-", "rGO", "high", "catalytic", "activity", "and", "brilliant", "long", "-", "term", "stability", "for", "ORR", ",", "outperforming", "noble", "metal", "-", "containing", "catalysts", "." ]
26,179
26,360
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [ "copper", "ions", "N- rGO", "noble metal-containing catalysts" ], "id": [ 99979, 99988, 99997, 100006 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "SAMPLE", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "31", "38", "60", "148" ], "end": [ "37", "42", "66", "180" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 5 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 10, 12 ], [ 26, 30 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "B-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 99979 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 99988 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Particularly, the present work highlights that, thanks to a fast and green microwave- assisted process, is possible to synthesize unconventional high-performance catalysts, aiming at application in a wide range it of challenging electrochemical splitting and CO2 reduction.
[ "Particularly", ",", "the", "present", "work", "highlights", "that", ",", "thanks", "to", "a", "fast", "and", "green", "microwave", "-", "assisted", "process", ",", "is", "possible", "to", "synthesize", "unconventional", "high", "-", "performance", "catalysts", ",", "aiming", "at", "application", "in", "a", "wide", "range", "it", "of", "challenging", "electrochemical", "splitting", "and", "CO2", "reduction", "." ]
26,361
26,634
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [ "catalysts", "CO2" ], "id": [ 100015, 100024 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "162", "259" ], "end": [ "171", "262" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 27, 27 ], [ 42, 42 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
METHODS
[ "METHODS" ]
26,664
26,671
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Synthesis of the catalysts
[ "Synthesis", "of", "the", "catalysts" ]
26,672
26,698
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [ "catalysts" ], "id": [ 100042 ], "value": [ "MAT" ], "begin": [ "17" ], "end": [ "26" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 3 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
All chemicals were used as purchased without further purification.
[ "All", "chemicals", "were", "used", "as", "purchased", "without", "further", "purification", "." ]
26,699
26,765
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
N-rGO and Cu-N-rGO catalysts were fabricated through a modified procedure reported by El-Deen et al66.
[ "N", "-", "rGO", "and", "Cu", "-", "N", "-", "rGO", "catalysts", "were", "fabricated", "through", "a", "modified", "procedure", "reported", "by", "El", "-", "Deen", "et", "al", "66", "." ]
26,766
26,868
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "N-rGO", "Cu-N-rGO", "Cu", "N-rGO", "catalysts", "66" ], "id": [ 100051, 100060, 100069, 100078, 100087, 100096 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE", "MAT", "SAMPLE", "MAT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "0", "10", "10", "13", "19", "99" ], "end": [ "5", "18", "12", "18", "28", "101" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 2 ], [ 4, 8 ], [ 4, 4 ], [ 6, 8 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 23, 23 ] ] }
[ "B-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE", "O", "B-SAMPLE+U-MAT", "I-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE+B-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE+I-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE+L-SAMPLE", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100060, 100051 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100087, 100087 ], "label": [ "usedAs", "usedAs" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
In a typical synthesis, 50 mg of GO (Single Layer Graphene Oxide, Cheap Tubes Inc., USA, product number 060102) was suspended in 30 mL of double distilled water containing 20 mg of urea (Urea ACS reagent, 99.0–100.5%, Sigma-Aldrich, product number U5378-100G).
[ "In", "a", "typical", "synthesis", ",", "50", "mg", "of", "GO", "(", "Single", "Layer", "Graphene", "Oxide", ",", "Cheap", "Tubes", "Inc", ".", ",", "USA", ",", "product", "number", "060102", ")", "was", "suspended", "in", "30", "mL", "of", "double", "distilled", "water", "containing", "20", "mg", "of", "urea", "(", "Urea", "ACS", "reagent", ",", "99.0", "–", "100.5", "%", ",", "Sigma", "-", "Aldrich", ",", "product", "number", "U5378", "-", "100G", ")", "." ]
26,869
27,129
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "50 mg", "50", "mg", "GO", "Single Layer", "Graphene Oxide", "30 mL", "30", "mL", "water", "20 mg", "20", "mg", "urea", "Urea", "99.0–100.5%", "99.0", "100.5", "%" ], "id": [ 100105, 100114, 100123, 100132, 100141, 100150, 100159, 100168, 100177, 100186, 100195, 100204, 100213, 100222, 100231, 100240, 100249, 100258, 100267 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "FORM", "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "MAT", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "24", "24", "27", "33", "37", "50", "129", "129", "132", "155", "172", "172", "175", "181", "187", "205", "205", "210", "215" ], "end": [ "29", "26", "29", "35", "49", "64", "134", "131", "134", "160", "177", "174", "177", "185", "191", "216", "209", "215", "216" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 6 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 12, 13 ], [ 29, 30 ], [ 29, 29 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 34, 34 ], [ 36, 37 ], [ 36, 36 ], [ 37, 37 ], [ 39, 39 ], [ 41, 41 ], [ 45, 48 ], [ 45, 45 ], [ 47, 47 ], [ 48, 48 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "B-FORM", "L-FORM", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "B-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-RANGE", "I-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-RANGE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100150 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100141 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
In the case of Cu-N-rGO sample, 25 mg of CuSO4·5H2O (Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate ACS reagent, ≥98.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, product number 209198-100G) was added and dissolved in the as-prepared suspension.
[ "In", "the", "case", "of", "Cu", "-", "N", "-", "rGO", "sample", ",", "25", "mg", "of", "CuSO4", "·", "5H2O", "(", "Copper", "(", "II", ")", "sulfate", "pentahydrate", "ACS", "reagent", ",", "≥", "98.0", "%", ",", "Sigma", "-", "Aldrich", ",", "product", "number", "209198", "-", "100G", ")", "was", "added", "and", "dissolved", "in", "the", "as", "-", "prepared", "suspension", "." ]
27,130
27,334
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "Cu-N-rGO", "Cu", "N-rGO", "25 mg", "25", "mg", "CuSO4·5H2O", "Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate", "≥98.0", "98.0", "%", "suspension", "suspension" ], "id": [ 100276, 100285, 100294, 100303, 100312, 100321, 100330, 100339, 100348, 100357, 100366, 100384, 100375 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "MAT", "SAMPLE", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "MAT", "RANGE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "FORM" ], "begin": [ "15", "15", "18", "32", "32", "35", "41", "53", "99", "100", "104", "193", "193" ], "end": [ "23", "17", "23", "37", "34", "37", "51", "85", "104", "104", "105", "203", "203" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 4, 8 ], [ 4, 4 ], [ 6, 8 ], [ 11, 12 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 14, 16 ], [ 18, 23 ], [ 27, 28 ], [ 28, 28 ], [ 29, 29 ], [ 50, 50 ], [ 50, 50 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-SAMPLE+U-MAT", "I-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE+B-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE+I-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE+L-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "B-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "B-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "B-RANGE", "L-RANGE+U-NUM", "U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT+U-FORM", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
For both samples, the precursor mixtures were sonicated for 40 min and then transferred in a 100 mL Teflon reactor, equipped with pressure and temperature probes and placed in the microwave furnace (Milestone STARTSynth, Milestone Inc., Shelton, Connecticut).
[ "For", "both", "samples", ",", "the", "precursor", "mixtures", "were", "sonicated", "for", "40", "min", "and", "then", "transferred", "in", "a", "100", "mL", "Teflon", "reactor", ",", "equipped", "with", "pressure", "and", "temperature", "probes", "and", "placed", "in", "the", "microwave", "furnace", "(", "Milestone", "STARTSynth", ",", "Milestone", "Inc", ".", ",", "Shelton", ",", "Connecticut", ")", "." ]
27,335
27,594
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "precursor", "40 min", "40", "min", "100 mL", "100", "mL", "Teflon" ], "id": [ 100393, 100402, 100411, 100420, 100429, 100438, 100447, 100456 ], "value": [ "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "22", "60", "60", "63", "93", "93", "97", "100" ], "end": [ "31", "66", "62", "66", "99", "96", "99", "106" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 5 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 17, 18 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 18, 18 ], [ 19, 19 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The mixtures were irradiated for 15 min at 180 °C (max. 800 W) and then the reactor was cooled to ambient temperature.
[ "The", "mixtures", "were", "irradiated", "for", "15", "min", "at", "180", "°", "C", "(", "max", ".", "800", "W", ")", "and", "then", "the", "reactor", "was", "cooled", "to", "ambient", "temperature", "." ]
27,595
27,713
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "15 min", "15", "min", "180 °C", "180", "°C", "max. 800 W", "max. 800", "800", "W" ], "id": [ 100465, 100474, 100483, 100492, 100501, 100510, 100519, 100528, 100537, 100546 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "RANGE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "33", "33", "36", "43", "43", "47", "51", "51", "56", "60" ], "end": [ "39", "35", "39", "49", "46", "49", "61", "59", "59", "61" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 6 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 8, 10 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 12, 15 ], [ 12, 14 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 15, 15 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The final powder samples were obtained by freeze-drying (Lio-5P, 5Pascal, Italy).
[ "The", "final", "powder", "samples", "were", "obtained", "by", "freeze", "-", "drying", "(", "Lio", "-", "5P", ",", "5Pascal", ",", "Italy", ")", "." ]
27,714
27,795
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "powder", "samples" ], "id": [ 100555, 100564 ], "value": [ "FORM", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "10", "17" ], "end": [ "16", "24" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 2 ], [ 3, 3 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "U-FORM", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100564 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100555 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Physical and chemical characterizations
[ "Physical", "and", "chemical", "characterizations" ]
27,796
27,835
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (ZEISS Dual Beam Auriga) was used to evaluate the morphology of the studied material.
[ "Field", "emission", "scanning", "electron", "microscopy", "(", "ZEISS", "Dual", "Beam", "Auriga", ")", "was", "used", "to", "evaluate", "the", "morphology", "of", "the", "studied", "material", "." ]
27,836
27,965
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Field emission scanning electron microscopy", "ZEISS Dual Beam Auriga", "was used", "morphology", "material" ], "id": [ 100573, 100582, 100591, 100600, 100609 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "INSTRUMENT", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "0", "45", "69", "94", "120" ], "end": [ "43", "67", "77", "104", "128" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 4 ], [ 6, 9 ], [ 11, 12 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 20, 20 ] ] }
[ "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100591, 100591, 100591 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100573, 100600, 100609 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Transmission electron microscopy (FEI Tecnai F20ST, 200 kV) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDAX) were used to evaluate the morphology, structure and composition of the studied material.
[ "Transmission", "electron", "microscopy", "(", "FEI", "Tecnai", "F20ST", ",", "200", "kV", ")", "and", "energy", "dispersive", "X", "-", "ray", "spectroscopy", "(", "EDX", ",", "EDAX", ")", "were", "used", "to", "evaluate", "the", "morphology", ",", "structure", "and", "composition", "of", "the", "studied", "material", "." ]
27,966
28,167
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Transmission electron microscopy", "FEI Tecnai F20ST", "200 kV", "200", "kV", "energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy", "EDX, EDAX", "were used", "morphology", "structure", "composition", "studied material" ], "id": [ 100618, 100627, 100636, 100645, 100654, 100663, 100672, 100681, 100699, 100708, 100717, 100726 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "INSTRUMENT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "TECHNIQUE", "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "0", "34", "52", "52", "56", "64", "102", "113", "139", "151", "165", "184" ], "end": [ "32", "50", "58", "55", "58", "100", "111", "122", "149", "160", "176", "200" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 2 ], [ 4, 6 ], [ 8, 9 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 12, 17 ], [ 19, 21 ], [ 23, 24 ], [ 28, 28 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 32, 32 ], [ 35, 36 ] ] }
[ "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100681, 100681, 100681, 100681, 100681, 100681, 100681 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100618, 100627, 100663, 100699, 100708, 100717, 100726 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionInstrument", "usesTechnique", "measuresProperty", "measuresProperty", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector was used in Scanning TEM (STEM) mode.
[ "High", "-", "angle", "annular", "dark", "field", "(", "HAADF", ")", "detector", "was", "used", "in", "Scanning", "TEM", "(", "STEM", ")", "mode", "." ]
28,168
28,252
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector", "was used", "Scanning TEM (STEM)" ], "id": [ 100735, 100744, 100753 ], "value": [ "INSTRUMENT", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE" ], "begin": [ "0", "47", "59" ], "end": [ "46", "55", "78" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 9 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 13, 17 ] ] }
[ "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100744, 100744 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100735, 100753 ], "label": [ "conditionInstrument", "usesTechnique" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The Au grid was used to avoid detection of spurious Cu signal not related to the sample.
[ "The", "Au", "grid", "was", "used", "to", "avoid", "detection", "of", "spurious", "Cu", "signal", "not", "related", "to", "the", "sample", "." ]
28,425
28,513
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "Au", "grid", "Cu" ], "id": [ 100843, 100852, 100861 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "4", "7", "52" ], "end": [ "6", "11", "54" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 10, 10 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100843 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100852 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
A PHI 5000 Versaprobe Scanning X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer was used to investigate the material chemical composition.
[ "A", "PHI", "5000", "Versaprobe", "Scanning", "X", "-", "ray", "Photoelectron", "Spectrometer", "was", "used", "to", "investigate", "the", "material", "chemical", "composition", "." ]
28,514
28,636
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "PHI 5000 Versaprobe", "Scanning X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer", "was used", "material", "chemical composition" ], "id": [ 100870, 100879, 100888, 100897, 100906 ], "value": [ "INSTRUMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "SAMPLE", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "2", "22", "64", "92", "101" ], "end": [ "21", "63", "72", "100", "121" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 3 ], [ 4, 9 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 15, 15 ], [ 16, 17 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100888, 100888, 100888, 100888 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100870, 100879, 100897, 100906 ], "label": [ "conditionInstrument", "usesTechnique", "conditionSampleFeatures", "measuresProperty" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The X-ray source was a monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV).
[ "The", "X", "-", "ray", "source", "was", "a", "monochromatic", "Al", "Kα", "radiation", "(", "1486.6", "eV", ")", "." ]
28,637
28,702
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "X-ray source", "was", "Al", "Kα radiation", "1486.6 eV", "1486.6", "eV" ], "id": [ 100915, 100924, 100933, 100942, 100951, 100960, 100969 ], "value": [ "INSTRUMENT", "MEASUREMENT", "MAT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "4", "17", "37", "40", "54", "54", "61" ], "end": [ "16", "20", "39", "52", "63", "60", "63" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 4 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 12, 13 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 13, 13 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100924, 100924, 100924, 100942 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100915, 100951, 100942, 100951 ], "label": [ "conditionInstrument", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The spectra were analyzed using CasaXPS Version 2.3.18 dedicated software.
[ "The", "spectra", "were", "analyzed", "using", "CasaXPS", "Version", "2.3.18", "dedicated", "software", "." ]
28,703
28,777
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "spectra", "were analyzed", "CasaXPS Version 2.3.18" ], "id": [ 100978, 100987, 100996 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT" ], "begin": [ "4", "12", "32" ], "end": [ "11", "25", "54" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 3 ], [ 5, 7 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 100987, 100987 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 100978, 100996 ], "label": [ "conditionProperty", "conditionInstrument" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
All core-level peak energies were referenced to the C 1s peak at 284.5 eV and the background contribution, in high resolution (HR) spectra, was subtracted by means of a Shirley function.
[ "All", "core", "-", "level", "peak", "energies", "were", "referenced", "to", "the", "C", "1s", "peak", "at", "284.5", "eV", "and", "the", "background", "contribution", ",", "in", "high", "resolution", "(", "HR", ")", "spectra", ",", "was", "subtracted", "by", "means", "of", "a", "Shirley", "function", "." ]
28,778
28,964
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
O
{ "text": [ "C", "284.5 eV", "284.5", "eV" ], "id": [ 101005, 101014, 101023, 101032 ], "value": [ "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "52", "65", "65", "71" ], "end": [ "53", "73", "70", "73" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 10, 10 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 15, 15 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The Cu K-edge EXAFS measurements were performed at room temperature in transmission mode on the beamline ID16B at the ESRF41.
[ "The", "Cu", "K", "-", "edge", "EXAFS", "measurements", "were", "performed", "at", "room", "temperature", "in", "transmission", "mode", "on", "the", "beamline", "ID16B", "at", "the", "ESRF", "41", "." ]
28,965
29,090
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Cu", "EXAFS", "were performed", "room temperature", "beamline ID16B at the ESRF", "41" ], "id": [ 101041, 101050, 101059, 101068, 101077, 101086 ], "value": [ "MAT", "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "INSTRUMENT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "4", "14", "33", "51", "96", "122" ], "end": [ "6", "19", "47", "67", "122", "124" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 17, 21 ], [ 22, 22 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "U-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101059, 101059, 101059, 101059 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101050, 101068, 101077, 101086 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionProperty", "conditionInstrument", "takenFrom" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The sample powder was deposited on a 5 × 5 × 0.5 mm3 window closed with 8 μm-thick kapton.
[ "The", "sample", "powder", "was", "deposited", "on", "a", "5", "×", "5", "×", "0.5", "mm3", "window", "closed", "with", "8", "μm", "-", "thick", "kapton", "." ]
29,091
29,181
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "sample", "powder", "was deposited", "5 × 5 × 0.5 mm3", "5 × 5 × 0.5", "5", "5", "0.5", "mm3", "window", "8 μm", "8", "μm", "thick", "kapton" ], "id": [ 101095, 101104, 101113, 101122, 101131, 101140, 101149, 101158, 101167, 101176, 101185, 101194, 101203, 101212, 101221 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "FORM", "MEASUREMENT", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "4", "11", "18", "37", "37", "37", "41", "45", "49", "53", "72", "72", "74", "77", "83" ], "end": [ "10", "17", "31", "52", "48", "38", "42", "48", "52", "59", "76", "73", "76", "82", "89" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 7, 12 ], [ 7, 11 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 16, 17 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 20, 20 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-SAMPLE", "U-FORM", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101113, 101095, 101176, 101113, 101113, 101212, 101113, 101113, 101113 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101095, 101104, 101122, 101122, 101176, 101185, 101185, 101212, 101221 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "hasForm", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "conditionEnvironment" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The incident flux was measured by an ion chamber filled with N2 and the transmitted flux by a 500 μm-thick Si diode.
[ "The", "incident", "flux", "was", "measured", "by", "an", "ion", "chamber", "filled", "with", "N2", "and", "the", "transmitted", "flux", "by", "a", "500", "μm", "-", "thick", "Si", "diode", "." ]
29,182
29,298
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "incident flux", "was measured", "ion chamber", "ion", "N2", "transmitted flux", "500 μm", "500", "μm", "thick", "Si", "diode" ], "id": [ 101230, 101239, 101248, 101257, 101266, 101275, 101284, 101293, 101302, 101311, 101320, 101329 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "MAT", "MAT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "MAT", "INSTRUMENT" ], "begin": [ "4", "18", "37", "37", "61", "72", "94", "94", "98", "101", "107", "110" ], "end": [ "17", "30", "48", "40", "63", "88", "100", "97", "100", "106", "109", "115" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 18, 19 ], [ 18, 18 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 22, 22 ], [ 23, 23 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT+U-MAT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "U-MAT", "U-INSTRUMENT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101239, 101239, 101239, 101239, 101311, 101239, 101239, 101239 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101230, 101248, 101266, 101275, 101284, 101284, 101311, 101329 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionInstrument", "conditionEnvironment", "measuresProperty", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "conditionInstrument" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The size of the beam was 1 × 1 mm2 and the X-ray energy was scanned around the Cu K edge between 8.8 keV and 9.6 keV with 1 eV step size and 200 ms counting time per point.
[ "The", "size", "of", "the", "beam", "was", "1", "×", "1", "mm2", "and", "the", "X", "-", "ray", "energy", "was", "scanned", "around", "the", "Cu", "K", "edge", "between", "8.8", "keV", "and", "9.6", "keV", "with", "1", "eV", "step", "size", "and", "200", "ms", "counting", "time", "per", "point", "." ]
29,299
29,471
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "size", "1 × 1 mm2", "1 × 1", "1", "1", "mm2", "X-ray energy", "was scanned", "Cu", "between 8.8 keV and 9.6 keV", "between 8.8 keV and 9.6 keV", "8.8 keV", "8.8", "keV", "9.6 keV", "9.6", "keV", "1 eV", "1", "eV", "step size", "200 ms", "200", "ms", "counting time per point" ], "id": [ 101338, 101347, 101356, 101365, 101374, 101383, 101392, 101401, 101410, 101428, 101419, 101437, 101446, 101455, 101464, 101473, 101482, 101491, 101500, 101509, 101518, 101527, 101536, 101545, 101554 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "MAT", "VALUE", "RANGE", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "4", "25", "25", "25", "29", "31", "43", "56", "79", "89", "89", "97", "97", "101", "109", "109", "113", "122", "122", "124", "127", "141", "141", "145", "148" ], "end": [ "8", "34", "30", "26", "30", "34", "55", "67", "81", "116", "116", "104", "100", "104", "116", "112", "116", "126", "123", "126", "136", "147", "144", "147", "171" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 6, 9 ], [ 6, 8 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 12, 15 ], [ 16, 17 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 23, 28 ], [ 23, 28 ], [ 24, 25 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 25, 25 ], [ 27, 28 ], [ 27, 27 ], [ 28, 28 ], [ 30, 31 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 31, 31 ], [ 32, 33 ], [ 35, 36 ], [ 35, 35 ], [ 36, 36 ], [ 37, 40 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+B-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+L-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+B-VALUE", "L-VALUE+L-RANGE+L-VALUE", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101401, 101401, 101338, 101401, 101401, 101392, 101518, 101401, 101401, 101554, 101401, 101401 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101347, 101338, 101347, 101428, 101392, 101428, 101491, 101491, 101518, 101527, 101527, 101554 ], "label": [ "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Apart from the Cu-N-rGO sample, a Cu metallic foil was also measured as a reference.
[ "Apart", "from", "the", "Cu", "-", "N", "-", "rGO", "sample", ",", "a", "Cu", "metallic", "foil", "was", "also", "measured", "as", "a", "reference", "." ]
29,472
29,556
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Cu-N-rGO", "Cu", "N-rGO", "Cu", "metallic", "foil", "measured", "reference" ], "id": [ 101563, 101572, 101581, 101590, 101599, 101608, 101617, 101626 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "MAT", "SAMPLE", "MAT", "MAT", "FORM", "MEASUREMENT", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "15", "15", "18", "34", "37", "46", "60", "74" ], "end": [ "23", "17", "23", "36", "45", "50", "68", "83" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 7 ], [ 3, 3 ], [ 5, 7 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 19, 19 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-SAMPLE+U-MAT", "I-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE+B-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE+I-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE+L-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101617, 101617, 101590, 101590, 101590 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101563, 101590, 101599, 101608, 101626 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usedAs", "hasForm", "usedAs" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The analysis of the EXAFS was performed with the Athena and Artemis packages43 using FEFF and
[ "The", "analysis", "of", "the", "EXAFS", "was", "performed", "with", "the", "Athena", "and", "Artemis", "packages", "43", "using", "FEFF", "and" ]
29,557
29,650
['Background', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Background_PriorWork']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "EXAFS", "performed", "Athena and Artemis packages", "43" ], "id": [ 101635, 101644, 101653, 101662 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "20", "30", "49", "76" ], "end": [ "25", "39", "76", "78" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 4, 4 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 9, 12 ], [ 13, 13 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "U-CITE", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101644, 101644, 101644 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101635, 101653, 101662 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionInstrument", "takenFrom" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
IFFEFIT44.
[ "IFFEFIT", "44", "." ]
29,652
29,662
['Background', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "44" ], "id": [ 101680 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "7" ], "end": [ "9" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The theoretical backscattering amplitudes and phase shifts for single and multiple scattering of the different structures were obtained using FEFF44.
[ "The", "theoretical", "backscattering", "amplitudes", "and", "phase", "shifts", "for", "single", "and", "multiple", "scattering", "of", "the", "different", "structures", "were", "obtained", "using", "FEFF", "44", "." ]
29,663
29,812
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "theoretical backscattering amplitudes", "phase shifts", "obtained", "FEFF", "44" ], "id": [ 101689, 101698, 101707, 101716, 101725 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "4", "46", "127", "142", "146" ], "end": [ "41", "58", "135", "146", "148" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 3 ], [ 5, 6 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 20, 20 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "U-INSTRUMENT", "U-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101707, 101707, 101707, 101707 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101689, 101698, 101716, 101725 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "measuresProperty", "conditionInstrument", "takenFrom" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Artemis was then used to fit the theoretical values to the experimental data.
[ "Artemis", "was", "then", "used", "to", "fit", "the", "theoretical", "values", "to", "the", "experimental", "data", "." ]
29,813
29,890
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Artemis", "was then used", "fit", "theoretical values", "experimental data" ], "id": [ 101734, 101743, 101752, 101761, 101770 ], "value": [ "INSTRUMENT", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "0", "8", "25", "33", "59" ], "end": [ "7", "21", "28", "51", "76" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 1, 3 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 11, 12 ] ] }
[ "U-INSTRUMENT", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101743, 101743, 101743, 101743 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101734, 101752, 101761, 101770 ], "label": [ "conditionInstrument", "usesTechnique", "conditionProperty", "conditionProperty" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Computational details
[ "Computational", "details" ]
29,891
29,912
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
All theoretical calculations are based on spin-polarized density functional theory as implemented in the Quantum Espresso package67.
[ "All", "theoretical", "calculations", "are", "based", "on", "spin", "-", "polarized", "density", "functional", "theory", "as", "implemented", "in", "the", "Quantum", "Espresso", "package", "67", "." ]
29,913
30,045
['Experiment']
O
{ "text": [ "67" ], "id": [ 101779 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "129" ], "end": [ "131" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 19, 19 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The Kohn- Sham equations are solved using ultrasoft pseudopotential to describe the electron-ion interaction, employing the gradient-corrected Perdew-Burke- Ernzerhof (PBE) functional68 to describe the exchange-correlation effects, and expanding the electronic wave functions in plane waves (PW).
[ "The", "Kohn", "-", "Sham", "equations", "are", "solved", "using", "ultrasoft", "pseudopotential", "to", "describe", "the", "electron", "-", "ion", "interaction", ",", "employing", "the", "gradient", "-", "corrected", "Perdew", "-", "Burke", "-", "-", "Ernzerhof", "(", "PBE", ")", "functional", "68", "to", "describe", "the", "exchange", "-", "correlation", "effects", ",", "and", "expanding", "the", "electronic", "wave", "functions", "in", "plane", "waves", "(", "PW", ")", "." ]
30,046
30,342
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "68" ], "id": [ 101788 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "183" ], "end": [ "185" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 33, 33 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-CITE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
To include London dispersion interactions, the DFT-D2 method proposed by Grimme69 was used.
[ "To", "include", "London", "dispersion", "interactions", ",", "the", "DFT", "-", "D2", "method", "proposed", "by", "Grimme", "69", "was", "used", "." ]
30,343
30,434
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "DFT-D2 method", "69", "was used" ], "id": [ 101797, 101806, 101815 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "CITE", "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "47", "79", "82" ], "end": [ "60", "81", "90" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 7, 10 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 15, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "U-CITE", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101815, 101815 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101797, 101806 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "takenFrom" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
For all calculations, a PW energy cutoff of 28 Ry for the wave functions and 280
[ "For", "all", "calculations", ",", "a", "PW", "energy", "cutoff", "of", "28", "Ry", "for", "the", "wave", "functions", "and", "280" ]
30,435
30,515
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "PW energy cutoff", "28 Ry", "28", "Ry", "280" ], "id": [ 101824, 101833, 101842, 101851, 101869 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "NUM" ], "begin": [ "24", "44", "44", "47", "77" ], "end": [ "40", "49", "46", "49", "80" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 7 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 16, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-NUM" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101824 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101833 ], "label": [ "propertyValue" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Ry for the charge density and potentials, were adopted.
[ "Ry", "for", "the", "charge", "density", "and", "potentials", ",", "were", "adopted", "." ]
30,516
30,571
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Ry", "were adopted" ], "id": [ 101878, 101887 ], "value": [ "UNIT", "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "0", "42" ], "end": [ "2", "54" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 8, 9 ] ] }
[ "U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
7 × 7 graphene supercells were employed to investigate Cu functionalization.
[ "7", "×", "7", "graphene", "supercells", "were", "employed", "to", "investigate", "Cu", "functionalization", "." ]
30,572
30,648
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "7 × 7", "7", "7", "graphene", "were employed", "Cu" ], "id": [ 101896, 101905, 101914, 101923, 101932, 101950 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "0", "0", "4", "6", "26", "55" ], "end": [ "5", "1", "5", "14", "39", "57" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 2 ], [ 0, 0 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 3, 3 ], [ 5, 6 ], [ 9, 9 ] ] }
[ "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE", "L-VALUE+U-NUM", "U-MAT", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 101932, 101932 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101923, 101896 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionPropertyValue" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
A vacuum region of 10
[ "A", "vacuum", "region", "of", "10" ]
30,649
30,670
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "vacuum", "10" ], "id": [ 101959, 101977 ], "value": [ "MAT", "NUM" ], "begin": [ "2", "19" ], "end": [ "8", "21" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 4, 4 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "U-NUM" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Å thickness was added in the cells to avoid spurious interaction between periodic replicas.
[ "Å", "thickness", "was", "added", "in", "the", "cells", "to", "avoid", "spurious", "interaction", "between", "periodic", "replicas", "." ]
30,671
30,763
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Å", "thickness", "was added" ], "id": [ 101986, 101995, 102004 ], "value": [ "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "0", "3", "13" ], "end": [ "2", "12", "22" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 3 ] ] }
[ "U-UNIT", "U-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102004 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 101995 ], "label": [ "conditionProperty" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The Brillouin Zone was sampled employing a 2 × 2 × 1 Monkhorst-Pack mesh70.
[ "The", "Brillouin", "Zone", "was", "sampled", "employing", "a", "2", "×", "2", "×", "1", "Monkhorst", "-", "Pack", "mesh", "70", "." ]
30,764
30,839
['Background', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Background_PriorWork']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "was sampled", "2 × 2 × 1", "2 × 2 × 1", "2", "2", "1", "Monkhorst-Pack mesh", "70" ], "id": [ 102013, 102031, 102022, 102040, 102049, 102058, 102067, 102076 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "PROPERTY", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "19", "43", "43", "43", "47", "51", "53", "72" ], "end": [ "30", "52", "52", "44", "48", "52", "72", "74" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 4 ], [ 7, 11 ], [ 7, 11 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 15 ], [ 16, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "L-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "U-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102067, 102013, 102013, 102013 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102031, 102031, 102067, 102076 ], "label": [ "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "takenFrom" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
All the structures were relaxed by minimizing the atomic forces and convergence was assumed when the maximum component of the residual forces on the ions was smaller than 10−4 Ry/Bohr.
[ "All", "the", "structures", "were", "relaxed", "by", "minimizing", "the", "atomic", "forces", "and", "convergence", "was", "assumed", "when", "the", "maximum", "component", "of", "the", "residual", "forces", "on", "the", "ions", "was", "smaller", "than", "10", "−", "4", "Ry", "/", "Bohr", "." ]
30,840
31,024
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "were relaxed", "minimizing the atomic forces", "maximum component of the residual forces", "10−4 Ry/Bohr", "10−4", "Ry/Bohr" ], "id": [ 102085, 102094, 102103, 102112, 102121, 102130 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "19", "35", "101", "171", "171", "176" ], "end": [ "31", "63", "141", "183", "175", "183" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 4 ], [ 6, 9 ], [ 16, 21 ], [ 28, 33 ], [ 28, 30 ], [ 31, 33 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+L-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102085, 102085, 102085, 102103 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102094, 102112, 102103, 102112 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
To partially heal the underestimation of the energy gap typical of PBE when applied to transition metals, such as Cu, we applied to the relaxed structures a Hubbard U correction to the Cu-3d orbital (UCu = 11.50 eV) obtained following the procedure reported in ref.
[ "To", "partially", "heal", "the", "underestimation", "of", "the", "energy", "gap", "typical", "of", "PBE", "when", "applied", "to", "transition", "metals", ",", "such", "as", "Cu", ",", "we", "applied", "to", "the", "relaxed", "structures", "a", "Hubbard", "U", "correction", "to", "the", "Cu", "-", "3d", "orbital", "(", "U", "Cu", "=", "11.50", "eV", ")", "obtained", "following", "the", "procedure", "reported", "in", "ref", "." ]
31,025
31,290
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "heal", "energy gap", "PBE", "transition metals", "Cu", "applied", "Hubbard U correction", "Cu", "UCu", "Cu", "11.50 eV", "11.50", "eV" ], "id": [ 102139, 102148, 102157, 102166, 102175, 102184, 102193, 102202, 102211, 102220, 102229, 102238, 102247 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "TECHNIQUE", "MAT", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "MAT", "PROPERTY", "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "13", "45", "67", "87", "114", "121", "157", "185", "200", "201", "206", "206", "212" ], "end": [ "17", "55", "70", "104", "116", "128", "177", "187", "203", "203", "214", "211", "214" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 2 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 15, 16 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 23, 23 ], [ 29, 31 ], [ 34, 34 ], [ 39, 40 ], [ 40, 40 ], [ 42, 43 ], [ 42, 42 ], [ 43, 43 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY+U-MAT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102139, 102139, 102175, 102139, 102184, 102184, 102184, 102184, 102211 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102148, 102157, 102166, 102175, 102193, 102202, 102229, 102211, 102229 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique", "usedAs", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usesTechnique", "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
71.
[ "71", "." ]
31,291
31,294
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "71" ], "id": [ 102256 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "0" ], "end": [ "2" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ] ] }
[ "U-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Electrochemical characterizations
[ "Electrochemical", "characterizations" ]
31,295
31,328
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
All electrochemical characterizations were performed at room temperature with a CHI760D electrochemical workstation and an ALS RRDE−3A rotating ring disk electrode apparatus.
[ "All", "electrochemical", "characterizations", "were", "performed", "at", "room", "temperature", "with", "a", "CHI760D", "electrochemical", "workstation", "and", "an", "ALS", "RRDE", "−", "3A", "rotating", "ring", "disk", "electrode", "apparatus", "." ]
31,329
31,503
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "were performed", "room temperature", "CHI760D", "ALS RRDE−3A", "rotating ring disk electrode apparatus", "electrode" ], "id": [ 102265, 102274, 102283, 102292, 102301, 102310 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "INSTRUMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "38", "56", "80", "123", "135", "154" ], "end": [ "52", "72", "87", "134", "173", "163" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 4 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 15, 18 ], [ 19, 23 ], [ 22, 22 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE+U-MAT", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102265, 102265, 102265, 102265 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102274, 102283, 102292, 102301 ], "label": [ "conditionEnvironment", "conditionInstrument", "conditionInstrument", "usesTechnique" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
The catalyst samples were deposited onto the glassy carbon (GC) disk (electrode area 0.1256 cm2) of GC disk/Pt ring working electrode following the procedure reported in ref.
[ "The", "catalyst", "samples", "were", "deposited", "onto", "the", "glassy", "carbon", "(", "GC", ")", "disk", "(", "electrode", "area", "0.1256", "cm2", ")", "of", "GC", "disk", "/", "Pt", "ring", "working", "electrode", "following", "the", "procedure", "reported", "in", "ref", "." ]
31,504
31,678
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "catalyst", "were deposited", "glassy", "carbon", "GC", "disk", "electrode area", "electrode", "0.1256 cm2", "0.1256", "cm2", "GC disk/Pt", "GC", "disk", "Pt", "ring working electrode", "electrode" ], "id": [ 102319, 102328, 102337, 102346, 102355, 102364, 102373, 102382, 102391, 102400, 102409, 102418, 102427, 102436, 102445, 102454, 102463 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MEASUREMENT", "FORM", "MAT", "MAT", "FORM", "PROPERTY", "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "MAT", "FORM", "MAT", "INSTRUMENT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "4", "21", "45", "52", "60", "64", "70", "70", "85", "85", "92", "100", "100", "103", "108", "111", "124" ], "end": [ "12", "35", "51", "58", "62", "68", "84", "79", "95", "91", "95", "110", "102", "107", "110", "133", "133" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 16, 17 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 20, 23 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 23, 23 ], [ 24, 26 ], [ 26, 26 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-MAT", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "U-MAT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "B-PROPERTY+U-MAT", "L-PROPERTY", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "B-MAT+U-MAT", "I-MAT+U-FORM", "I-MAT", "L-MAT+U-MAT", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT+U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102328, 102346, 102328, 102346, 102346, 102328, 102328, 102373, 102427 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102319, 102337, 102346, 102355, 102364, 102391, 102373, 102391, 102436 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "hasForm", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usedAs", "hasForm", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "propertyValue", "hasForm" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
A Pt wire was used as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl was used as reference electrode.
[ "A", "Pt", "wire", "was", "used", "as", "counter", "electrode", "and", "Ag", "/", "AgCl", "was", "used", "as", "reference", "electrode", "." ]
31,682
31,766
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Pt", "wire", "was used", "counter electrode", "electrode", "Ag/AgCl", "Ag", "AgCl", "reference electrode", "electrode" ], "id": [ 102481, 102490, 102499, 102508, 102517, 102526, 102535, 102544, 102553, 102562 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "INSTRUMENT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "2", "5", "10", "22", "30", "44", "44", "47", "64", "74" ], "end": [ "4", "9", "18", "39", "39", "51", "46", "51", "83", "83" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 9, 11 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 15, 16 ], [ 16, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT+U-MAT", "O", "B-MAT+U-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT+U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT+U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102499, 102481, 102499, 102499, 102499 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102481, 102490, 102508, 102526, 102553 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "hasForm", "conditionInstrument", "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionInstrument" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Unless otherwise specified, all the measurements were carried out in a 3- electrode configuration (disk working/reference/counter electrodes) in air- saturated 0.1 M KOH aqueous electrolytic solution (Potassium hydroxide concentrate, 0.1 M KOH in water (0.1 N), Supelco, product number 61699- 1L) with 2500 RPM rotation speed, and all potentials refer to the RHE.
[ "Unless", "otherwise", "specified", ",", "all", "the", "measurements", "were", "carried", "out", "in", "a", "3", "-", "electrode", "configuration", "(", "disk", "working", "/", "reference", "/", "counter", "electrodes", ")", "in", "air", "-", "saturated", "0.1", "M", "KOH", "aqueous", "electrolytic", "solution", "(", "Potassium", "hydroxide", "concentrate", ",", "0.1", "M", "KOH", "in", "water", "(", "0.1", "N", ")", ",", "Supelco", ",", "product", "number", "61699", "-", "1L", ")", "with", "2500", "RPM", "rotation", "speed", ",", "and", "all", "potentials", "refer", "to", "the", "RHE", "." ]
31,767
32,130
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "were carried out", "3- electrode configuration", "electrode", "electrodes", "air- saturated", "air", "0.1 M", "0.1", "M", "KOH", "aqueous electrolytic solution", "Potassium hydroxide", "0.1 M", "0.1", "M", "KOH", "water", "0.1 N", "0.1", "N", "2500 RPM", "2500", "RPM", "rotation speed" ], "id": [ 102571, 102580, 102589, 102598, 102607, 102616, 102625, 102634, 102643, 102652, 102661, 102670, 102679, 102688, 102697, 102706, 102715, 102724, 102733, 102742, 102751, 102760, 102769, 102778 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "FORM", "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "MAT", "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "49", "71", "74", "130", "145", "145", "160", "160", "164", "166", "170", "201", "234", "234", "238", "240", "247", "254", "254", "258", "302", "302", "307", "311" ], "end": [ "65", "97", "83", "140", "159", "148", "165", "163", "165", "169", "199", "220", "239", "237", "239", "243", "252", "259", "257", "259", "310", "306", "310", "325" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 7, 9 ], [ 12, 15 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 23, 23 ], [ 26, 28 ], [ 26, 26 ], [ 29, 30 ], [ 29, 29 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 31, 31 ], [ 32, 34 ], [ 36, 37 ], [ 40, 41 ], [ 40, 40 ], [ 41, 41 ], [ 42, 42 ], [ 44, 44 ], [ 46, 47 ], [ 46, 46 ], [ 47, 47 ], [ 59, 60 ], [ 59, 59 ], [ 60, 60 ], [ 61, 62 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE+U-MAT", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "B-MAT+U-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "U-MAT", "B-FORM", "I-FORM", "L-FORM", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "U-MAT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102571, 102571, 102571, 102607, 102571, 102652, 102571, 102571, 102607, 102571, 102778, 102571, 102571 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102580, 102607, 102625, 102652, 102652, 102661, 102670, 102715, 102715, 102724, 102751, 102751, 102778 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionEnvironment", "conditionEnvironment", "usedTogether", "conditionEnvironment", "hasForm", "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionEnvironment", "usedTogether", "conditionEnvironment", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Cyclic voltammetry curves were acquired from 1.18 V to 0.18 V with a scan rate of 10 mV/s in air- and N2-saturated electrolytic solution.
[ "Cyclic", "voltammetry", "curves", "were", "acquired", "from", "1.18", "V", "to", "0.18", "V", "with", "a", "scan", "rate", "of", "10", "mV", "/", "s", "in", "air", "-", "and", "N2", "-", "saturated", "electrolytic", "solution", "." ]
32,340
32,477
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Cyclic voltammetry", "were acquired", "from 1.18 V to 0.18 V", "from 1.18 V to 0.18 V", "1.18 V", "1.18", "V", "0.18 V", "0.18", "V", "scan rate", "10 mV/s", "10", "mV/s", "mV", "air", "N2", "electrolytic solution" ], "id": [ 102940, 102949, 102976, 102967, 102985, 102994, 103003, 103012, 103021, 103030, 103039, 103048, 103057, 103066, 103075, 103084, 103093, 103102 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "VALUE", "RANGE", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "UNIT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "0", "26", "40", "40", "45", "45", "50", "55", "55", "60", "69", "82", "82", "85", "85", "93", "102", "115" ], "end": [ "18", "39", "61", "61", "51", "49", "51", "61", "59", "61", "78", "89", "84", "89", "87", "96", "104", "136" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 1 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 5, 10 ], [ 5, 10 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 13, 14 ], [ 16, 19 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 17, 19 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 27, 28 ] ] }
[ "B-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+B-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+L-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+B-VALUE", "L-VALUE+L-RANGE+L-VALUE", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT+U-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 102949, 102949, 102949, 102949, 102949, 102949, 102949, 103093, 103084 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 102940, 102976, 103039, 103048, 103084, 103093, 103102, 103102, 103102 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionEnvironment", "conditionEnvironment", "conditionEnvironment", "usedTogether", "usedTogether" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Rotating disk electrode tests were carried out in the potential range 1.18 V–0.18 V with a scan rate of 5 mV/s.
[ "Rotating", "disk", "electrode", "tests", "were", "carried", "out", "in", "the", "potential", "range", "1.18", "V", "–", "0.18", "V", "with", "a", "scan", "rate", "of", "5", "mV", "/", "s", "." ]
32,478
32,589
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Rotating disk electrode", "electrode", "were carried out", "potential range", "1.18 V–0.18 V", "1.18 V–0.18 V", "1.18 V", "1.18", "V", "0.18 V", "0.18", "V", "scan rate", "5 mV/s", "5", "mV/s", "mV" ], "id": [ 103111, 103120, 103129, 103138, 103156, 103147, 103165, 103174, 103183, 103192, 103201, 103210, 103219, 103228, 103237, 103246, 103255 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "RANGE", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "0", "14", "30", "54", "70", "70", "70", "70", "75", "77", "77", "82", "91", "104", "104", "106", "106" ], "end": [ "23", "23", "46", "69", "83", "83", "76", "74", "76", "83", "81", "83", "100", "110", "105", "110", "108" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 2 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 4, 6 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 11, 15 ], [ 11, 15 ], [ 11, 12 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 15, 15 ], [ 18, 19 ], [ 21, 24 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 22, 24 ], [ 22, 22 ] ] }
[ "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE+U-MAT", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE+B-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+L-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+B-VALUE", "L-VALUE+L-RANGE+L-VALUE", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT+U-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 103129, 103129, 103129, 103138, 103129, 103129, 103219 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 103111, 103156, 103138, 103156, 103228, 103219, 103228 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Chronoampero- metric (CA) data were acquired at fixed 0.68 V potential.
[ "Chronoampero", "-", "metric", "(", "CA", ")", "data", "were", "acquired", "at", "fixed", "0.68", "V", "potential", "." ]
32,754
32,825
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Chronoampero- metric (CA)", "were acquired", "0.68 V", "0.68", "V", "potential" ], "id": [ 103408, 103417, 103426, 103435, 103444, 103453 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "0", "31", "54", "54", "59", "61" ], "end": [ "25", "44", "60", "58", "60", "70" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 5 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 11, 12 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 13, 13 ] ] }
[ "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "U-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 103417, 103453, 103417, 103417 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 103408, 103426, 103426, 103453 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
Rotating ring disk electrode measurements were carried out in a 4-electrode configuration (disk and ring working/reference/counter electrodes) by applying linear sweep voltammetry at the disk electrode from 1.18 V to 0.18 V (at a scan rate of 5 mV/s) and by employing controlled-potential CA on the ring potential at 1.18 V.
[ "Rotating", "ring", "disk", "electrode", "measurements", "were", "carried", "out", "in", "a", "4", "-", "electrode", "configuration", "(", "disk", "and", "ring", "working", "/", "reference", "/", "counter", "electrodes", ")", "by", "applying", "linear", "sweep", "voltammetry", "at", "the", "disk", "electrode", "from", "1.18", "V", "to", "0.18", "V", "(", "at", "a", "scan", "rate", "of", "5", "mV", "/", "s", ")", "and", "by", "employing", "controlled", "-", "potential", "CA", "on", "the", "ring", "potential", "at", "1.18", "V", "." ]
32,826
33,150
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Rotating ring disk electrode", "electrode", "carried out", "4-electrode configuration", "4", "electrode", "electrodes", "linear sweep voltammetry", "from 1.18 V to 0.18 V", "from 1.18 V to 0.18 V", "1.18 V", "1.18", "V", "0.18 V", "0.18", "V", "scan rate", "5 mV/s", "5", "mV/s", "mV", "ring potential", "1.18 V", "1.18", "V" ], "id": [ 103462, 103471, 103480, 103498, 103507, 103516, 103525, 103534, 103552, 103543, 103561, 103570, 103579, 103588, 103597, 103606, 103615, 103624, 103633, 103642, 103651, 103660, 103669, 103678, 103687 ], "value": [ "INSTRUMENT", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "NUM", "MAT", "MAT", "TECHNIQUE", "VALUE", "RANGE", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "0", "19", "47", "64", "64", "66", "131", "155", "202", "202", "207", "207", "212", "217", "217", "222", "230", "243", "243", "245", "245", "299", "317", "317", "322" ], "end": [ "28", "28", "58", "89", "65", "75", "141", "179", "223", "223", "213", "211", "213", "223", "221", "223", "239", "249", "244", "249", "247", "313", "323", "321", "323" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 3 ], [ 3, 3 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 10, 13 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 23, 23 ], [ 27, 29 ], [ 34, 39 ], [ 34, 39 ], [ 35, 36 ], [ 35, 35 ], [ 36, 36 ], [ 38, 39 ], [ 38, 38 ], [ 39, 39 ], [ 43, 44 ], [ 46, 49 ], [ 46, 46 ], [ 47, 49 ], [ 47, 47 ], [ 60, 61 ], [ 63, 64 ], [ 63, 63 ], [ 64, 64 ] ] }
[ "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT+U-MAT", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE+U-NUM", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE+U-MAT", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+B-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+L-VALUE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE+B-VALUE", "L-VALUE+L-RANGE+L-VALUE", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT+U-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 103480, 103480, 103480, 103480, 103480, 103615, 103480, 103480, 103660 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 103462, 103498, 103534, 103624, 103615, 103624, 103669, 103660, 103669 ], "label": [ "conditionInstrument", "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue" ] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
DATA AVAILABILITY
[ "DATA", "AVAILABILITY" ]
33,411
33,428
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
graphene_01
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its Supplementary information file).
[ "All", "data", "generated", "or", "analyzed", "during", "this", "study", "are", "included", "in", "this", "published", "article", "(", "and", "its", "Supplementary", "information", "file", ")", "." ]
33,429
33,558
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
graphene_01
train1
graphene
oastm_01
Grain boundary excess volume and defect annealing of copper after high-pressure torsion
[ "Grain", "boundary", "excess", "volume", "and", "defect", "annealing", "of", "copper", "after", "high", "-", "pressure", "torsion" ]
0
87
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [ "copper" ], "id": [ 57559 ], "value": [ "MAT" ], "begin": [ "53" ], "end": [ "59" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 8, 8 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Abstract
[ "Abstract" ]
89
97
['Heading', 'Abstract']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The release of excess volume upon recrystallization of ultrafine-grained Cu deformed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) was studied by means of the direct technique of high-precision difference dilatometry in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy.
[ "The", "release", "of", "excess", "volume", "upon", "recrystallization", "of", "ultrafine", "-", "grained", "Cu", "deformed", "by", "high", "-", "pressure", "torsion", "(", "HPT", ")", "was", "studied", "by", "means", "of", "the", "direct", "technique", "of", "high", "-", "precision", "difference", "dilatometry", "in", "combination", "with", "differential", "scanning", "calorimetry", "(", "DSC", ")", "and", "scanning", "electron", "microscopy", "." ]
98
393
['Motivation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "release of excess volume upon recrystallization", "ultrafine-grained", "Cu", "was studied", "high-precision difference dilatometry", "differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)", "scanning electron microscopy" ], "id": [ 57568, 57577, 57586, 57595, 57604, 57613, 57622 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "FORM", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "TECHNIQUE", "TECHNIQUE" ], "begin": [ "4", "55", "73", "116", "164", "222", "266" ], "end": [ "51", "72", "75", "127", "201", "261", "294" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 6 ], [ 8, 10 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 21, 22 ], [ 30, 34 ], [ 38, 43 ], [ 45, 47 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-FORM", "I-FORM", "L-FORM", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 57595, 57586, 57595, 57595, 57595, 57595 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 57568, 57577, 57586, 57604, 57613, 57622 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "hasForm", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
From the length change associated with the removal of grain boundaries in the wake of crystallite growth, a structural key quantity of grain boundaries, the grain boundary excess volume or expansion eGB=(0.46±0.11)×10-10 m was directly determined.
[ "From", "the", "length", "change", "associated", "with", "the", "removal", "of", "grain", "boundaries", "in", "the", "wake", "of", "crystallite", "growth", ",", "a", "structural", "key", "quantity", "of", "grain", "boundaries", ",", "the", "grain", "boundary", "excess", "volume", "or", "expansion", "eGB", "=", "(", "0.46", "±", "0.11", ")", "×", "10", "-", "10", "m", "was", "directly", "determined", "." ]
394
641
['Motivation', 'Results']
O
{ "text": [ "(0.46±0.11)×10-10 m", "(0.46±0.11)×10-10", "0.46±0.11", "0.46", "0.11", "m" ], "id": [ 57631, 57640, 57649, 57658, 57667, 57676 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "NUM", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "203", "203", "204", "204", "209", "221" ], "end": [ "222", "220", "213", "208", "213", "222" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 35, 44 ], [ 35, 43 ], [ 36, 38 ], [ 36, 36 ], [ 38, 38 ], [ 44, 44 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM+B-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-NUM+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-NUM+L-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+L-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The value is quite similar to that measured by dilatometry for grain boundaries in HPT-deformed Ni.
[ "The", "value", "is", "quite", "similar", "to", "that", "measured", "by", "dilatometry", "for", "grain", "boundaries", "in", "HPT", "-", "deformed", "Ni", "." ]
642
741
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Ni" ], "id": [ 57694 ], "value": [ "MAT" ], "begin": [ "96" ], "end": [ "98" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 17, 17 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Activation energies for crystallite growth of 0.99±0.11 and 0.96±0.06eV are derived by Kissinger analysis from dilatometry and DSC data, respectively.
[ "Activation", "energies", "for", "crystallite", "growth", "of", "0.99", "±", "0.11", "and", "0.96", "±", "0.06", "eV", "are", "derived", "by", "Kissinger", "analysis", "from", "dilatometry", "and", "DSC", "data", ",", "respectively", "." ]
742
892
['Results', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Activation energies", "0.99±0.11 and 0.96±0.06eV", "0.99±0.11", "0.99", "0.11", "0.96±0.06", "0.96", "0.06", "eV", "are derived", "Kissinger analysis", "dilatometry", "DSC data" ], "id": [ 57703, 57712, 57721, 57730, 57739, 57748, 57757, 57766, 57775, 57784, 57793, 57802, 57811 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "0", "46", "46", "46", "51", "60", "60", "65", "69", "72", "87", "111", "127" ], "end": [ "19", "71", "55", "50", "55", "69", "64", "69", "71", "83", "105", "122", "135" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 1 ], [ 6, 13 ], [ 6, 8 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 10, 12 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 17, 18 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 22, 23 ] ] }
[ "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE", "I-VALUE+B-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 57784, 57784, 57703, 57784, 57784, 57784 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 57712, 57703, 57712, 57793, 57802, 57811 ], "label": [ "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "propertyValue", "usesTechnique", "conditionProperty", "conditionProperty" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
In contrast to Ni, substantial length change proceeds in Cu at elevated temperatures beyond the regime of dominant crystallite growth.
[ "In", "contrast", "to", "Ni", ",", "substantial", "length", "change", "proceeds", "in", "Cu", "at", "elevated", "temperatures", "beyond", "the", "regime", "of", "dominant", "crystallite", "growth", "." ]
893
1,027
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Ni", "Cu" ], "id": [ 57820, 57838 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "15", "57" ], "end": [ "17", "59" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 3 ], [ 10, 10 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
In the light of recent findings from tracer diffusion and permeation experiments, this is associated with the shrinkage of nanovoids at high temperatures.
[ "In", "the", "light", "of", "recent", "findings", "from", "tracer", "diffusion", "and", "permeation", "experiments", ",", "this", "is", "associated", "with", "the", "shrinkage", "of", "nanovoids", "at", "high", "temperatures", "." ]
1,028
1,182
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Introduction
[ "Introduction" ]
1,184
1,196
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Processing by severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been established as one of the most promising routes to produce bulk ultrafine or even nanocrystalline materials.
[ "Processing", "by", "severe", "plastic", "deformation", "(", "SPD", ")", "has", "been", "established", "as", "one", "of", "the", "most", "promising", "routes", "to", "produce", "bulk", "ultrafine", "or", "even", "nanocrystalline", "materials", "." ]
1,197
1,361
['Background']
O
{ "text": [ "bulk ultrafine", "nanocrystalline", "materials" ], "id": [ 57847, 57856, 57865 ], "value": [ "FORM", "FORM", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "115", "138", "154" ], "end": [ "129", "153", "163" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 20, 21 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 25, 25 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-FORM", "L-FORM", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "U-SAMPLE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 57865, 57865 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 57847, 57856 ], "label": [ "hasForm", "hasForm" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
These materials made by SPD exhibit exceptional mechanical properties (see e.g.
[ "These", "materials", "made", "by", "SPD", "exhibit", "exceptional", "mechanical", "properties", "(", "see", "e.g", "." ]
1,362
1,441
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Refs.
[ "Refs", "." ]
1,442
1,447
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
[1-4]).
[ "[", "1", "-", "4", "]", ")", "." ]
1,448
1,455
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "1-4" ], "id": [ 57874 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "1" ], "end": [ "4" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 3 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
A comprehensive understanding of these enhanced properties and of the process of grain refinement during severe plastic deformation is currently a major research topic in materials science.
[ "A", "comprehensive", "understanding", "of", "these", "enhanced", "properties", "and", "of", "the", "process", "of", "grain", "refinement", "during", "severe", "plastic", "deformation", "is", "currently", "a", "major", "research", "topic", "in", "materials", "science", "." ]
1,456
1,645
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
In particular, the roles of the various types of defects produced during deformation are widely studied.
[ "In", "particular", ",", "the", "roles", "of", "the", "various", "types", "of", "defects", "produced", "during", "deformation", "are", "widely", "studied", "." ]
1,646
1,750
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Furthermore, from a basic materials physics point of view, SPD metals offer the opportunity to study different types of deformation-induced defects and their mutual interaction.
[ "Furthermore", ",", "from", "a", "basic", "materials", "physics", "point", "of", "view", ",", "SPD", "metals", "offer", "the", "opportunity", "to", "study", "different", "types", "of", "deformation", "-", "induced", "defects", "and", "their", "mutual", "interaction", "." ]
1,751
1,928
['Background']
O
{ "text": [ "SPD metals" ], "id": [ 57883 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "59" ], "end": [ "69" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 11, 12 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
It has already been shown that athermally produced excess vacancies are present in high concentrations that are otherwise found only close to the melting temperature [5,6].
[ "It", "has", "already", "been", "shown", "that", "athermally", "produced", "excess", "vacancies", "are", "present", "in", "high", "concentrations", "that", "are", "otherwise", "found", "only", "close", "to", "the", "melting", "temperature", "[", "5,6", "]", "." ]
1,929
2,101
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "5,6" ], "id": [ 57892 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "167" ], "end": [ "170" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 26, 26 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-CITE", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
A complex defect annealing kinetics is suggested from volume and grain boundary diffusion studies in SPD-processed Cu and Ni [7,8].
[ "A", "complex", "defect", "annealing", "kinetics", "is", "suggested", "from", "volume", "and", "grain", "boundary", "diffusion", "studies", "in", "SPD", "-", "processed", "Cu", "and", "Ni", "[", "7,8", "]", "." ]
2,102
2,233
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "Cu", "Ni", "7,8" ], "id": [ 57901, 57910, 57919 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "115", "122", "126" ], "end": [ "117", "124", "129" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 18, 18 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 22, 22 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "U-CITE", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
During annealing, abundant and highly mobile vacancies may, for example, agglomerate or form a percolating porosity network in combination with triple junctions of grain boundaries.
[ "During", "annealing", ",", "abundant", "and", "highly", "mobile", "vacancies", "may", ",", "for", "example", ",", "agglomerate", "or", "form", "a", "percolating", "porosity", "network", "in", "combination", "with", "triple", "junctions", "of", "grain", "boundaries", "." ]
2,234
2,415
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
In addition, ultrafine-grained SPD materials give access to basic physical key parameters and processes such as thermally activated grain boundary relaxation prior to grain growth, as well as to the grain boundary excess volume, often also denoted as grain boundary expansion, of relaxed high-angle grain boundaries [9].
[ "In", "addition", ",", "ultrafine", "-", "grained", "SPD", "materials", "give", "access", "to", "basic", "physical", "key", "parameters", "and", "processes", "such", "as", "thermally", "activated", "grain", "boundary", "relaxation", "prior", "to", "grain", "growth", ",", "as", "well", "as", "to", "the", "grain", "boundary", "excess", "volume", ",", "often", "also", "denoted", "as", "grain", "boundary", "expansion", ",", "of", "relaxed", "high", "-", "angle", "grain", "boundaries", "[", "9", "]", "." ]
2,416
2,736
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "ultrafine-grained", "SPD materials", "[9]" ], "id": [ 57928, 57937, 57946 ], "value": [ "FORM", "SAMPLE", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "13", "31", "316" ], "end": [ "30", "44", "319" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 5 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 54, 56 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-FORM", "I-FORM", "L-FORM", "B-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 57937 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 57928 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
For this purpose, the direct experimental method of difference dilatometry is applied in the present work in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
[ "For", "this", "purpose", ",", "the", "direct", "experimental", "method", "of", "difference", "dilatometry", "is", "applied", "in", "the", "present", "work", "in", "combination", "with", "differential", "scanning", "calorimetry", "(", "DSC", ")", "and", "scanning", "electron", "microscopy", "(", "SEM", ")", "." ]
2,737
2,942
['Motivation', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "difference dilatometry", "is applied", "differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)", "scanning electron microscopy (SEM)" ], "id": [ 57955, 57964, 57973, 57982 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "TECHNIQUE" ], "begin": [ "52", "75", "126", "170" ], "end": [ "74", "85", "165", "204" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 9, 10 ], [ 11, 12 ], [ 20, 25 ], [ 27, 32 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 57964, 57964, 57964 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 57955, 57973, 57982 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The subjects of the present study are high-purity samples of the face-centered cubic (fcc) metals Cu and Ni.
[ "The", "subjects", "of", "the", "present", "study", "are", "high", "-", "purity", "samples", "of", "the", "face", "-", "centered", "cubic", "(", "fcc", ")", "metals", "Cu", "and", "Ni", "." ]
2,943
3,051
['Motivation', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "are", "face-centered cubic (fcc) metals", "Cu", "Ni" ], "id": [ 57991, 58000, 58009, 58018 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "34", "65", "98", "105" ], "end": [ "37", "97", "100", "107" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 6, 6 ], [ 13, 20 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 23, 23 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT", "U-MAT", "O", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58009, 58018, 57991, 57991 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58000, 58000, 58009, 58018 ], "label": [ "usedAs", "usedAs", "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionSampleFeatures" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Novel results obtained from difference dilatometry for copper are compared with results obtained by the other above-mentioned methods, as well as with results previously obtained for pure nickel.
[ "Novel", "results", "obtained", "from", "difference", "dilatometry", "for", "copper", "are", "compared", "with", "results", "obtained", "by", "the", "other", "above", "-", "mentioned", "methods", ",", "as", "well", "as", "with", "results", "previously", "obtained", "for", "pure", "nickel", "." ]
3,052
3,247
['Motivation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "obtained", "difference dilatometry", "copper", "nickel" ], "id": [ 58027, 58036, 58045, 58054 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "14", "28", "55", "188" ], "end": [ "22", "50", "61", "194" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 2 ], [ 4, 5 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 30, 30 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58027, 58027 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58036, 58045 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "conditionSampleFeatures" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Experimental
[ "Experimental" ]
3,248
3,260
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
A Cu disk with a purity of 99.995wt.% was deformed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature, with six revolutions being applied at 2.2GPa (for details see Refs.
[ "A", "Cu", "disk", "with", "a", "purity", "of", "99.995", "wt", ".", "%", "was", "deformed", "by", "high", "-", "pressure", "torsion", "(", "HPT", ")", "at", "room", "temperature", ",", "with", "six", "revolutions", "being", "applied", "at", "2.2", "GPa", "(", "for", "details", "see", "Refs", "." ]
3,261
3,431
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "Cu", "disk", "99.995wt.%", "99.995", "%", "six", "2.2GPa", "2.2", "GPa" ], "id": [ 58063, 58072, 58081, 58090, 58099, 58108, 58117, 58126, 58135 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "NUM", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "2", "5", "27", "27", "36", "108", "141", "141", "144" ], "end": [ "4", "9", "37", "33", "37", "111", "147", "144", "147" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 7, 10 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 26, 26 ], [ 31, 32 ], [ 31, 31 ], [ 32, 32 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE", "I-VALUE", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-NUM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58063 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58072 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
[10,11]).
[ "[", "10,11", "]", ")", "." ]
3,432
3,441
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "10,11" ], "id": [ 58144 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "1" ], "end": [ "6" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-CITE", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Samples were cut from this HPT-deformed disk (30mm in diameter and 7mm in height) at distances of at least 7.3mm from the center.
[ "Samples", "were", "cut", "from", "this", "HPT", "-", "deformed", "disk", "(", "30", "mm", "in", "diameter", "and", "7", "mm", "in", "height", ")", "at", "distances", "of", "at", "least", "7.3", "mm", "from", "the", "center", "." ]
3,442
3,571
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "disk", "30mm", "30", "mm", "7mm", "7", "mm", "7.3mm", "7.3", "mm" ], "id": [ 58153, 58162, 58171, 58180, 58189, 58198, 58207, 58216, 58225, 58234 ], "value": [ "FORM", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "40", "46", "46", "48", "67", "67", "68", "107", "107", "110" ], "end": [ "44", "50", "48", "50", "70", "68", "70", "112", "110", "112" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 8, 8 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 15, 16 ], [ 15, 15 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 25, 26 ], [ 25, 25 ], [ 26, 26 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
This corresponds to a von Mises equivalent strain of ε>23, ensuring a regime, where the deformation is in saturation, i.e. where further deformation will not lead to further grain refinement.
[ "This", "corresponds", "to", "a", "von", "Mises", "equivalent", "strain", "of", "ε", ">", "23", ",", "ensuring", "a", "regime", ",", "where", "the", "deformation", "is", "in", "saturation", ",", "i.e", ".", "where", "further", "deformation", "will", "not", "lead", "to", "further", "grain", "refinement", "." ]
3,572
3,763
['Background']
O
{ "text": [ ">23", "23" ], "id": [ 58243, 58252 ], "value": [ "RANGE", "NUM" ], "begin": [ "54", "55" ], "end": [ "57", "57" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 10, 11 ], [ 11, 11 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-RANGE", "L-RANGE+U-NUM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
For the dilatometric measurements, a total of nine prism-shaped specimens with the dimension of 3×3×7mm3 were prepared.
[ "For", "the", "dilatometric", "measurements", ",", "a", "total", "of", "nine", "prism", "-", "shaped", "specimens", "with", "the", "dimension", "of", "3", "×", "3", "×", "7", "mm3", "were", "prepared", "." ]
3,764
3,883
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "nine", "3×3×7mm3", "3×3×7", "3", "3", "7", "mm3" ], "id": [ 58261, 58270, 58279, 58288, 58297, 58306, 58315 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "46", "96", "96", "96", "98", "100", "101" ], "end": [ "50", "104", "101", "97", "99", "101", "104" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 8, 8 ], [ 17, 22 ], [ 17, 21 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 22, 22 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-VALUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The direction of the length change measurement is defined with regard to the HPT deformation axis (see Fig. 1, axial, tangential and radial directions).
[ "The", "direction", "of", "the", "length", "change", "measurement", "is", "defined", "with", "regard", "to", "the", "HPT", "deformation", "axis", "(", "see", "Fig", ".", "1", ",", "axial", ",", "tangential", "and", "radial", "directions", ")", "." ]
3,884
4,036
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Here, seven samples were prepared in the axial direction and one each in the tangential and radial directions.
[ "Here", ",", "seven", "samples", "were", "prepared", "in", "the", "axial", "direction", "and", "one", "each", "in", "the", "tangential", "and", "radial", "directions", "." ]
4,037
4,147
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Experiments were performed with a high-precision, vertical double-dilatometer (Linseis, L75VD500 LT), which allows the simultaneous measurement of two samples under an argon (5N) gas flow.
[ "Experiments", "were", "performed", "with", "a", "high", "-", "precision", ",", "vertical", "double", "-", "dilatometer", "(", "Linseis", ",", "L75VD500", "LT", ")", ",", "which", "allows", "the", "simultaneous", "measurement", "of", "two", "samples", "under", "an", "argon", "(", "5N", ")", "gas", "flow", "." ]
4,148
4,336
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "were performed", "vertical double-dilatometer (Linseis, L75VD500 LT)", "argon", "gas", "gas" ], "id": [ 58324, 58333, 58342, 58360, 58351 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "MAT", "FORM", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "12", "50", "168", "179", "179" ], "end": [ "26", "100", "173", "182", "182" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 9, 18 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 34, 34 ], [ 34, 34 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM+U-MAT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58324, 58342 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58333, 58360 ], "label": [ "conditionInstrument", "hasForm" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
One of the two samples served as a reference and was made from the same Cu material, which was well annealed and coarse grained (grain size >100μm).
[ "One", "of", "the", "two", "samples", "served", "as", "a", "reference", "and", "was", "made", "from", "the", "same", "Cu", "material", ",", "which", "was", "well", "annealed", "and", "coarse", "grained", "(", "grain", "size", ">", "100", "μm", ")", "." ]
4,337
4,485
['Results', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Cu", "coarse grained", ">100μm", ">100μm", "100", "μm" ], "id": [ 58378, 58387, 58405, 58396, 58414, 58423 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "RANGE", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "72", "113", "140", "140", "141", "144" ], "end": [ "74", "127", "146", "146", "144", "146" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 15, 15 ], [ 23, 24 ], [ 28, 30 ], [ 28, 30 ], [ 29, 29 ], [ 30, 30 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-FORM", "L-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "B-RANGE+B-VALUE", "I-RANGE+I-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-RANGE+L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58378 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58387 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The experimental data, plotted as a dilatometric length change curve Δl/l0, represents the difference signal between the specimen and the reference (so-called difference dilatometry).
[ "The", "experimental", "data", ",", "plotted", "as", "a", "dilatometric", "length", "change", "curve", "Δl", "/", "l0", ",", "represents", "the", "difference", "signal", "between", "the", "specimen", "and", "the", "reference", "(", "so", "-", "called", "difference", "dilatometry", ")", "." ]
4,486
4,669
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The length change is directly related to the defect volume via the relation 3×Δl/l0=ΔV/V0, assuming an isotropic distribution and annealing of defects [12].
[ "The", "length", "change", "is", "directly", "related", "to", "the", "defect", "volume", "via", "the", "relation", "3", "×", "Δl", "/", "l0", "=", "ΔV", "/", "V0", ",", "assuming", "an", "isotropic", "distribution", "and", "annealing", "of", "defects", "[", "12", "]", "." ]
4,670
4,826
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "[12]" ], "id": [ 58432 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "151" ], "end": [ "155" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 31, 33 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The temperature of the maximum defect release rates can be determined from the minima of the derivative d(Δl/l0)/dT of the length change curve with respect to temperature.
[ "The", "temperature", "of", "the", "maximum", "defect", "release", "rates", "can", "be", "determined", "from", "the", "minima", "of", "the", "derivative", "d", "(", "Δl", "/", "l0", ")", "/", "dT", "of", "the", "length", "change", "curve", "with", "respect", "to", "temperature", "." ]
4,827
4,998
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
For the case of a constant linear heating rate, dT/dt, the temperature, T, is directly proportional to the time, t.
[ "For", "the", "case", "of", "a", "constant", "linear", "heating", "rate", ",", "dT", "/", "dt", ",", "the", "temperature", ",", "T", ",", "is", "directly", "proportional", "to", "the", "time", ",", "t", "." ]
4,999
5,114
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
For the DSC measurements, 14 samples, taken from three different positions of the HPT disk, were prepared.
[ "For", "the", "DSC", "measurements", ",", "14", "samples", ",", "taken", "from", "three", "different", "positions", "of", "the", "HPT", "disk", ",", "were", "prepared", "." ]
5,115
5,221
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "14", "14", "disk" ], "id": [ 58450, 58441, 58459 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "NUM", "FORM" ], "begin": [ "26", "26", "86" ], "end": [ "28", "28", "90" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 5 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 16, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-VALUE+U-NUM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Six samples were cut from the disk at a radius of r=9mm at different heights.
[ "Six", "samples", "were", "cut", "from", "the", "disk", "at", "a", "radius", "of", "r", "=", "9", "mm", "at", "different", "heights", "." ]
5,222
5,299
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "Six", "disk", "9mm", "9", "mm" ], "id": [ 58468, 58477, 58486, 58495, 58504 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "FORM", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "0", "30", "52", "52", "53" ], "end": [ "3", "34", "55", "53", "55" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 13, 14 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 14, 14 ] ] }
[ "U-VALUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Four samples were prepared at radii of r=9.3 and r=7.3mm.
[ "Four", "samples", "were", "prepared", "at", "radii", "of", "r", "=", "9.3", "and", "r", "=", "7.3", "mm", "." ]
5,300
5,357
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "Four", "9.3 and r=7.3mm.", "9.3", "7.3", "mm" ], "id": [ 58513, 58522, 58531, 58540, 58549 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "0", "41", "41", "51", "54" ], "end": [ "4", "57", "44", "54", "56" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 9, 15 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 14, 14 ] ] }
[ "U-VALUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE", "I-VALUE", "I-VALUE", "I-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+U-UNIT", "L-VALUE" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The measurements were performed with a Perkin Elmer DSC7 differential calorimeter, which determines the heat release for the annealing processes at different linear heating rates.
[ "The", "measurements", "were", "performed", "with", "a", "Perkin", "Elmer", "DSC7", "differential", "calorimeter", ",", "which", "determines", "the", "heat", "release", "for", "the", "annealing", "processes", "at", "different", "linear", "heating", "rates", "." ]
5,358
5,537
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "were performed", "Perkin Elmer DSC7 differential calorimeter", "heat release", "linear heating rates" ], "id": [ 58558, 58567, 58576, 58585 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "17", "39", "104", "158" ], "end": [ "31", "81", "116", "178" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 3 ], [ 6, 10 ], [ 15, 16 ], [ 23, 25 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58558, 58558, 58558 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58567, 58576, 58585 ], "label": [ "conditionInstrument", "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
A subsequent re-run served as the reference measurement and baseline for the analysis (for details see Ref. [13]).
[ "A", "subsequent", "re", "-", "run", "served", "as", "the", "reference", "measurement", "and", "baseline", "for", "the", "analysis", "(", "for", "details", "see", "Ref", ".", "[", "13", "]", ")", "." ]
5,538
5,652
['Background', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Background_PriorWork']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "[13]" ], "id": [ 58603 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "108" ], "end": [ "112" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 21, 23 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
Crystallite sizes were determined by a scanning electron microscope (LEO 1525 field emission scanning electron microscope, with a nominal resolution of 1.5nm at 20kV) equipped with a backscattering detector.
[ "Crystallite", "sizes", "were", "determined", "by", "a", "scanning", "electron", "microscope", "(", "LEO", "1525", "field", "emission", "scanning", "electron", "microscope", ",", "with", "a", "nominal", "resolution", "of", "1.5", "nm", "at", "20", "kV", ")", "equipped", "with", "a", "backscattering", "detector", "." ]
5,653
5,860
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Crystallite sizes", "were determined", "scanning electron microscope", "LEO 1525 field emission scanning electron microscope", "nominal resolution", "1.5nm", "1.5", "nm", "20kV", "20", "kV" ], "id": [ 58612, 58621, 58630, 58639, 58648, 58657, 58666, 58675, 58684, 58693, 58702 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "INSTRUMENT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "0", "18", "39", "69", "130", "152", "152", "155", "161", "161", "163" ], "end": [ "17", "33", "67", "121", "148", "157", "155", "157", "165", "163", "165" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 1 ], [ 2, 3 ], [ 6, 8 ], [ 10, 16 ], [ 20, 21 ], [ 23, 24 ], [ 23, 23 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 26, 27 ], [ 26, 26 ], [ 27, 27 ] ] }
[ "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58621, 58621, 58621, 58648, 58621 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58612, 58630, 58639, 58657, 58684 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique", "conditionInstrument", "propertyValue", "conditionEnvironment" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
For correlating the dilatometric length changes with modifications of microstructure, microscopy samples were prepared from the same part of the HPT disk as the dilatometric samples and subsequently annealed under identical conditions in the dilatometer up to predefined temperatures at a heating rate of 5K/min, followed by rapid cooling to ambient temperature at a rate of about 30K/min.
[ "For", "correlating", "the", "dilatometric", "length", "changes", "with", "modifications", "of", "microstructure", ",", "microscopy", "samples", "were", "prepared", "from", "the", "same", "part", "of", "the", "HPT", "disk", "as", "the", "dilatometric", "samples", "and", "subsequently", "annealed", "under", "identical", "conditions", "in", "the", "dilatometer", "up", "to", "predefined", "temperatures", "at", "a", "heating", "rate", "of", "5", "K", "/", "min", ",", "followed", "by", "rapid", "cooling", "to", "ambient", "temperature", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "about", "30", "K", "/", "min", "." ]
5,861
6,250
['Experiment', 'Exp_Preparation']
O
{ "text": [ "disk", "5K/min", "5", "K/min", "30K/min", "30", "K/min" ], "id": [ 58711, 58720, 58729, 58738, 58747, 58756, 58765 ], "value": [ "FORM", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "149", "305", "305", "306", "381", "381", "383" ], "end": [ "153", "311", "306", "311", "388", "383", "388" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 22, 22 ], [ 45, 48 ], [ 45, 45 ], [ 46, 48 ], [ 62, 65 ], [ 62, 62 ], [ 63, 65 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
The crystallite size was determined from the SEM images by analyzing the area of the grains using the software program ImageJ [14].
[ "The", "crystallite", "size", "was", "determined", "from", "the", "SEM", "images", "by", "analyzing", "the", "area", "of", "the", "grains", "using", "the", "software", "program", "ImageJ", "[", "14", "]", "." ]
6,251
6,382
['Background', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Background_PriorWork']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "crystallite size", "was determined", "SEM images", "SEM", "ImageJ", "[14]" ], "id": [ 58774, 58783, 58792, 58801, 58810, 58819 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "INSTRUMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "4", "21", "45", "45", "119", "126" ], "end": [ "20", "35", "55", "48", "125", "130" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 21, 23 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE+U-INSTRUMENT", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-INSTRUMENT", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 58783, 58783, 58783, 58783, 58783 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 58774, 58801, 58792, 58810, 58819 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionInstrument", "usesTechnique", "conditionInstrument", "takenFrom" ] }
oastm_01
train5
steel
oastm_01
A spherical grain shape was assumed for the analysis, and the arithmetic mean value of the diameters was calculated.
[ "A", "spherical", "grain", "shape", "was", "assumed", "for", "the", "analysis", ",", "and", "the", "arithmetic", "mean", "value", "of", "the", "diameters", "was", "calculated", "." ]
6,383
6,499
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Explanation']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
oastm_01
train5
steel