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It has gone viral in six media posts claiming that pineapple juice is an effective way to reduce inflammation before dental dental surgery surgery and to reduce the risk of poisoning | 3,294 | Healthline * Health Conditions ### Featured All * Breast Cancer * IBD * Migraine * Multiple Sclerosis (MS) * Rheumatoid Arthritis * Type 2 Diabetes * Sponsored Topics ### Articles All * Acid Reflux * ADHD * Allergies * Alzheimer\'s & Dementia * Bipolar Disorder * Cancer * Crohn\'s Disease * Chronic Pain * Cold & Flu * COPD * Depression * Fibromyalgia * Heart Disease * High Cholesterol * HIV * Hypertension * IPF * Osteoarthritis * Psoriasis * Skin Disorders and Care * STDs * Discover ### Wellness Topics All * Nutrition * Fitness * Skin Care * Sexual Health * Women\'s Health * Mental Well-Being * Sleep ### Product Reviews All * Vitamins & Supplements * Sleep * Mental Health * Nutrition * At-Home Testing * CBD * Men’s Health ### Original Series All * ![\\"\\"](\\" Fresh Food Fast Food hacks to make eating healthier, easier. * ![\\"\\"](\\" Diagnosis Diaries Real diagnosis stories from people who get it. * ![\\"\\"](\\" You’re Not Alone Stories from real people that destigmatize mental health conditions. * ![\\"\\"](\\" Present Tense Real-world mindfulness for busy people. ### Video Series All * ![\\"\\"](\\" Youth in Focus Mental health challenges facing our youth. * ![\\"\\"](\\" Healthy Harvest Meet your food, from farm to table. * ![\\"\\"](\\" Through An Artist\'s Eye A breast cancer story told through art. * ![\\"\\"](\\" Future of Health Innovations shaping the future of health. * Plan ### Health Challenges * Mindful Eating * Sugar Savvy * Move Your Body * Gut Health * Mood Foods * Align Your Spine ### Find Care All * Primary Care * Mental Health * OB-GYN * Dermatologists * Neurologists * Cardiologists * Orthopedists ### Lifestyle Quizzes * Weight Management * Am I Depressed? 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Subscribe #### Nutrition * Meal Kits * Overview * Diets * Meal Kits * Prepared Meals * Comparisons * Grocery Delivery * Special Diets * Healthy Eating * Food Freedom * Conditions * Feel Good Food * Products * Vitamins & Supplements * Sustainability * Weight Management #### Nutrition Evidence Based # 10 Supplements That Fight Inflammation ![\\"\\"](\\"//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jared- Meacham-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105\\"/) Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, PhD., RD, CSCS — Written by Franziska Spritzler — Updated on January 16, 2024 * Curcumin * Fish oil * Ginger * Resveratrol * Spirulina * Vitamin D * Bromelain * Green tea extract * Garlic * Vitamin C * Takeaway Chronic inflammation can increase your risk of developing certain underlying conditions, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Research suggests the following dietary supplements can help reduce this inflammation and support overall well-being. Inflammation is a natural short-term immune response to trauma, illness, and stress. However, long-term inflammation can be caused by lifestyle habits like inadequate sleep, smoking, and lack of physical activity. Anti-inflammatory foods, exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management may help reverse chronic inflammation. In some cases, getting additional support from supplements may also be useful. Here are 10 supplements that research shows may help reduce inflammation. ## 1\. Curcumin Curcumin is a compound found in the spice turmeric, which is commonly used in Indian cuisine and known for its bright yellow hue. It provides several impressive health benefits. Curcumin may help decrease inflammation in diabetes, heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer, among other conditions. It also appears to be beneficial for reducing inflammation and improving symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A 2015 randomized controlled trial found that people with metabolic syndrome who took curcumin had significantly reduced levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde compared with those who received a placebo. In a 2014 study, 80 people with solid cancerous tumors were given 150 milligrams (mg) of curcumin daily for 8 weeks. Most of their inflammatory markers decreased much more than those of the control group. Their quality of life scores also increased significantly. While these benefits are possible, curcumin is poorly absorbed into your bloodstream because its bioavailability (the rate at which your body absorbs a substance) is limited. Black pepper — and a component of black pepper called piperine — can significantly boost the absorption of curcumin. For this reason, many curcumin supplements also contain piperine. When cooking, you can use turmeric and black pepper together to ensure optimal absorption of the curcumin. Up to 500 mg of curcumin per day is usually safe, but people taking higher doses in studies have reported symptoms including nausea, diarrhea, and headache. ## 2\. Fish oil Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids. They may help decrease the inflammation associated with diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions. The two primary omega-3s in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Your body converts them to ALA, which is an essential fatty acid. DHA, in particular, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects that reduce cytokine levels and promote gut health. It may also decrease the inflammation and muscle damage that occur after exercise, but more research is needed. Some research shows that DHA supplementation can significantly reduce levels of inflammatory markers compared with placebo. Fish oil dosages containing less than 2 grams (g) of combined EPA and DHA are usually safe, but fish oil may cause fishy burps, bad breath, heartburn, or gastrointestinal upset. If you have a compromised immune system or you’re taking a blood thinner, consult with a healthcare professional before taking fish oil. ## 3\. Ginger Ginger root is commonly used in cooking and has a history of use in herbal medicine. It’s also a home remedy for indigestion and nausea, including morning sickness during pregnancy. Two components of ginger — gingerol and zingerone — may help reduce inflammation related to several health conditions, including type 2 diabetes. Ginger consumption may also positively impact HbA1c (blood sugar control over 3 months) over time. One 2014 study noted that when people with diabetes were given 1,600 mg of ginger daily for 12 weeks, their blood sugar control improved, and inflammation levels decreased significantly compared with the control group. Another 2015 study found that women with breast cancer who took ginger supplements had lower levels of the inflammatory markers CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared with a placebo group, especially when ginger supplementation was combined with exercise. Up to 2 g of ginger daily is usually safe, but higher dosages may have a blood-thinning effect. If you’re taking a blood-thinning medication, consult a healthcare professional before supplementing with ginger beyond amounts typically used in cooking. ## 4\. Resveratrol Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in grapes, blueberries, and other fruits with purple skin. It’s also found in red wine, dark chocolate, and peanuts. It’s been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory potential in people with chronic conditions like liver disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), and obesity, as well as in people without chronic conditions. In one 2015 study, researchers gave people with UC (a type of inflammatory bowel disease) 500 mg of resveratrol or a placebo daily for 6 weeks. The resveratrol group experienced improvements in quality of life, UC symptoms, and inflammation. Additionally, a 2019 review that examined the effects of resveratrol linked it to increased calorie burn and the potential to help lower body fat. However, due to its limited bioavailability, more research is needed. Most resveratrol supplements contain 150–500 mg per serving and have no significant side effects. However, you should consult a healthcare professional before using resveratrol if taking a blood thinner. ## 5\. Spirulina Spirulina is a type of blue-green algae with strong antioxidant effects. Studies have shown that it helps reduce inflammation, promotes healthy aging, and may strengthen the immune system. Although most research has investigated spirulina’s effects on animals, studies in older adults have shown that it may improve inflammatory markers, anemia, and immune function. Up to 8 g of spirulina per day is usually safe. Many people add it to their shakes or smoothies because it comes in powder form. There are no known significant side effects, but people with autoimmune conditions may want to avoid it because it may worsen their condition due to its potential immune-strengthening properties. ## 6\. Vitamin D Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble nutrient that plays a key role in immune health and may have powerful anti-inflammatory properties. In several studies, researchers have noted a link between low vitamin D levels and the presence of inflammation. In a small, high quality 2019 study of 44 women with low vitamin D levels and premenstrual syndrome, researchers noted that taking 50,000 International Units (IU) of vitamin D every 20 days for 4 months led to decreased inflammation compared with a control group. Similar findings have been noted in people who have a vitamin D deficiency in addition to obesity. Over the long term, adults shouldn’t take more than 4,000 IU per day. Fat- soluble vitamins like vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in fat cells and can build up over time, potentially leading to toxicity. ## 7\. Bromelain Bromelain is a powerful enzyme found in pineapple that gives the fruit its astringency. Bromelain is the reason pineapple leaves a burning sensation if you eat too much. However, it also has some potential anti-inflammatory properties. In fact, bromelain has the same anti-inflammatory capacity as nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but with the bonus of fewer side effects. Little research has been done on bromelain’s anti-inflammatory properties in humans, but it does appear to be helpful in reducing postoperative inflammation in people undergoing wisdom tooth removal. Most bromelain supplements contain 500 mg of bromelain per serving and have no reported side effects. ## 8\. Green tea extract Green tea has long been used in traditional medicine, and it’s rich in compounds that may provide many health benefits, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), caffeine, and chlorogenic acid. One potential benefit is that it’s extremely anti-inflammatory. One small 2020 study in overweight men noted that 500 mg of green tea extract per day for 8 weeks, paired with exercise three times per week, significantly reduced inflammation compared with exercise alone or a placebo group performing no exercise. Researchers theorize that many of the anti-inflammatory benefits of green tea come from the EGCG it contains. EGCG acts as an antioxidant, so it can help prevent oxidative damage to your cells caused by free radicals, leading to a decrease in inflammation. You can buy EGCG or green tea extract supplements, but be aware that green tea extract supplements will contain caffeine unless labeled otherwise. ## 9\. Garlic Garlic, like ginger, pineapple, and fatty fish, is a common food rich in anti- inflammatory compounds. Garlic is especially high in a compound called allicin, a potent anti- inflammatory agent that may also help strengthen the immune system to ward off disease-causing pathogens. In one high quality 2018 study, 51 adults with obesity received either 3.6 g of aged garlic extract or a placebo daily for 6 weeks. Researchers found significant improvements in the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6. They theorized that long-term aged garlic supplementation may help reduce the risk of inflammation-related chronic diseases. Garlic supplements come in various dosages, are usually safe, and have few side effects (except for garlic breath). Additionally, you may experience some anti-inflammatory benefits from eating just 2 g of fresh garlic daily, which is about one clove. ## 10\. Vitamin C Vitamin C, like vitamin D, is an essential vitamin that plays a huge role in immunity and inflammation. It’s a powerful antioxidant, reducing inflammation by neutralizing free radicals that cause oxidative damage to your cells. It also helps optimize the immune system in several other ways, which can help regulate inflammation — because inflammation is an immune response. In addition, high doses are commonly given intravenously to people hospitalized with severe respiratory illnesses — like influenza, pneumonia, and even COVID-19 — to help reduce inflammation. In healthy people, though, doses higher than 2,000 mg may lead to diarrhea. Other than that, vitamin C supplements are usually safe and relatively symptom-free. It’s also possible to meet your vitamin C needs through diet alone — green, red, orange, and yellow fruits and vegetables are all rich sources. ## The bottom line Long-term inflammation may increase your risk of chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders. Many supplements — consisting of anti-inflammatory nutrients, antioxidants, or other compounds — can potentially reduce inflammation in your body. If you want to try a supplement, it’s important to: * Buy from a reputable manufacturer, preferably with a certified Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) facility (which ensures they meet Food and Drug Administration requirements), and engage in third-party product testing. * Follow the dosage instructions on the product packaging. * Check with a healthcare professional first if you’re pregnant or nursing, if you have a medical condition, or if you take over-the-counter or prescription medication. Ideally, it’s best to get your anti-inflammatory nutrients from whole foods, but supplements may help — especially if your diet lacks nutrients and antioxidants. If you need help finding a primary care doctor, check out our FindCare tool here. ### How we reviewed this article: Sources History Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. * Abebe W. (2019). Review of herbal medications with the potential to cause bleeding: dental implications, and risk prediction and prevention avenues. * Abu-Taweel GM, et al. (2019). Spirulina consumption effectively reduces anti-inflammatory and pain related infectious diseases. * Ansary J, et al. (2020). Potential health benefit of garlic based on human intervention studies: A brief overview. * Arablou T, et al. (2014). The effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. * Bagheri R, et al. (2020). Effects of green tea extract supplementation and endurance training on irisin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and adiponectin concentrations in overweight middle-aged men. * Bormann K-H, et al. (2016). Perioperative bromelain therapy after wisdom teeth extraction - A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, three-armed, cross-over dose-finding study. * Carr AC, et al. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. * Carr AC, et al. (2020). The emerging role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. * Cas MD, et al. (2019). Dietary curcumin: Correlation between bioavailability and health potential. * Costantini L, et al. (2017). Impact of omega-3 fatty acids on the gut microbiota. * DiLorenzo FM, et al. (2014). Docosahexaenoic acid affects markers of inflammation and muscle damage after eccentric exercise. Hewlings SJ, et al. (2017). Curcumin: A review of its’ effects on human health. * Garlic, raw. (2019). * Filgueiras MS, et al. (2020). Vitamin D status, oxidative stress, and inflammation in children and adolescents: A systematic review. * Heidari H, et al. (2019). Vitamin D supplementation for premenstrual syndrome-related inflammation and antioxidant markers in students with vitamin D deficient: a randomized clinical trial. * Huang F-Y, et al. (2019). Dietary ginger as a traditional therapy for blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. journal/fulltext/2019/03290/Dietary_ginger_as_a_traditional_therapy_for_blood.60.aspx * Hutchinson AN, et al. (2020). The potential effects of probiotics and ω-3 fatty acids on chronic low-grade inflammation. * Karimi N, et al. (2015). Individually and combined water-based exercise with ginger supplement, on systemic inflammation and metabolic syndrome indices, among the obese women with breast neoplasms. * Kunnumakkara AB, et al. (2016). Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases. * Lotfi-Dizaji L, et al. (2019). Effect of vitamin D supplementation along with weight loss diet on meta-inflammation and fat mass in obese subjects with vitamin D deficiency: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. * Muhammad ZA, et al. (2017). Therapeutic uses of pineapple-extracted bromelain in surgical care - A review. * Neyrinck AM, et al. (2017). Spirulina protects against hepatic inflammation in aging: An effect related to the modulation of the gut microbiota? * Ochi E, et al. (2018). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscle damage and function. * Ohishi T, et al. (2016). Anti-inflammatory action of green tea. * Omega-3 fatty acids [Fact sheet]. (2023). * Panahi Y, et al. (2014). Adjuvant therapy with bioavailability-boosted curcuminoids suppresses systemic inflammation and improves quality of life in patients with solid tumors: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. * Panahi Y, et al. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis. * Samsami-Kor M, et al. (2015). Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. * Selmi C, et al. (2011). The effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizens. * Springer M, et al. (2019). Resveratrol and its human metabolites—effects on metabolic health and obesity. * Tan A, et al. (2019). Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reduces high levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in aging adults: a randomized, controlled study. * Theodotou M, et al. (2019). Effect of resveratrol on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. * Vitamin C. (2021). * Vitamin D. (2023). * Xu C, et al. (2018). Aged garlic extract supplementation modifies inflammation and immunity of adults with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Share this article ![\\"\\"](\\"//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jared- Meacham-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105\\"/) Medically reviewed by Jared Meacham, PhD., RD, CSCS — Written by Franziska Spritzler — Updated on January 16, 2024 ## Was this article helpful? 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It has gone viral in six media posts claiming that pineapple juice is an effective way to reduce inflammation before dental dental surgery surgery and to reduce the risk of poisoning | 3,294 | Menu * Health A-Z * COVID-19 * Arthritis * Type 2 Diabetes * Heart Disease * Digestive Health * Multiple Sclerosis * View All * Prevention & Treatment * Diet & Nutrition * First Aid * Surgery * Health Care * Health Insurance * Public Health * Patient Rights * Disability * Caregivers & Loved Ones * End of Life Concerns * View All * News * COVID-19 * Health News * Tools & Resources * Thyroid Test Analyzer * Doctor Discussion Guides * Hemoglobin A1c Test Analyzer * Lipid Test Analyzer * Complete Blood Count (CBC) Analyzer * What to Buy * About Us * Editorial Process * Meet Our Medical Expert Board Search Search GO * Health A-Z * COVID-19 * Arthritis * Type 2 Diabetes * Heart Disease * Digestive Health * Multiple Sclerosis * View All * Prevention & Treatment * Diet & Nutrition * First Aid * Surgery * View All * Health Care * Health Insurance * Public Health * Patient Rights * Disability * Caregivers & Loved Ones * End of Life Concerns * View All * News * COVID-19 * Health News * View All More in Prevention & Treatment * Diet and Nutrition * Drugs * Supplements * Vaccines * Healthy Aging * First Aid * Occupational Therapy * Surgery View More Tools & Resources * Thyroid Test Analyzer * Doctor Discussion Guides * Hemoglobin A1c Test Analyzer * Lipid Test Analyzer * Complete Blood Count (CBC) Analyzer * What to Buy * About Us * Editorial Process * Privacy Policy * Contact Us Verywell Health\'s content is for informational and educational purposes only. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Ⓒ 2024 Dotdash Media, Inc. — All rights reserved Diet and Nutrition # Can Drinking Pomegranate Juice Benefit Your Health? This tangy beverage has been studied for heart health and more By Jinan Banna, PhD, RD Updated on June 10, 2024 Medically reviewed by Allison Herries, RDN Print Table of Contents View All Table of Contents * Nutrition * Health Benefits * Side Effects * Interactions * Storage Pomegranate juice has become a popular drink, in large part due to much- trumpeted health claims. Pomegranates are the fruit of the Punica granatum tree. The fruit itself is bitter, so only the seeds are eaten. One pomegranate has nearly 30 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C, about 40% of the daily recommendation.1 Pomegranate has been studied for its effects on lowering inflammation, improving heart health, and more. Research supports some health claims but has also found some safety concerns. This article reviews research on pomegranate juice\'s uses, benefits, side effects, and interactions. ![\\"Pomegranate](\\" orNr519nc=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale\(\):max_bytes\(150000\):strip_icc\(\):format\(webp\)/VWH- Nutrition-Pomegranate-Juice-6246ed9414c44e5d8164842129b68298.jpg\\") Verywell / Getty Images ## Nutrients in Pomegranate Juice Pomegranate juice contains more than 30 nutrients and biologically active substances, including antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and minerals like potassium and magnesium.2 A one-cup serving of pomegranate juice contains: * Calories: 134 * Total Fat: < 1 g * Protein: < 1 g * Carbohydrate: 32 g * Fiber: < 1 g * Potassium: 533 mg * Magnesium: 17 mg ## Health Benefits of Pomegranate Juice Much of the research on pomegranate and pomegranate juice is preliminary. Studied conditions included:34 * Heart health * Inflammation * Infection * Dental plaque ### Heart Health A review of research says pomegranate juice may lower blood pressure and improve high blood pressure (hypertension) risk factors.4 A recent randomized controlled trial similarly demonstrated that eight weeks of pomegranate juice consumption showed beneficial effects on blood pressure.5 Another review showed pomegranate juice lowered systolic blood pressure when 10 ounces was consumed daily, but more pomegranate juice showed no effect and the blood pressure benefit was lost after two months.6 Authors of a 2024 review noted that individuals with baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than 130 mmHg had a significantly greater reduction in SBP compared to individuals with baseline SBP less than 130 mmHg. They also noted that additional high-quality studies are still needed.7 Other research suggested pomegranate juice had an impact on the following heart health indications: * Blood pressure8 * Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (\"bad\") cholesterol * Triglyceride levels9 * Hypertension10 * Atherosclerosis (fatty plaque build-up in the insides of your arteries) * Coronary artery disease * Peripheral artery disease11 It\'s important to note that most studies have not been done on humans, so it\'s challenging to say what benefits there are without further human studies. More research is needed to confirm pomegranate juice\'s benefits.12 ### Inflammation A review of studies suggests pomegranate may help fight chronic inflammation. It may have use in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).13 A more recent meta-analysis and systematic review also revealed the potential of pomegranate products to fight inflammation.3 Finally, a study assessed the effects of 500 mL (about 16 ounces) of pomegranate juice on inflammatory markers and complete blood counts (CBC) in people hospitalized with COVID-19. The results indicated pomegranate juice might slightly improve the inflammatory status and CBC outcomes of COVID-19.14 However, more extensive and better-designed trials are needed. ### Infection Inflammation is part of the immune response to infection. Studies suggest pomegranate juice may help ward off infections. In one study, people undergoing dialysis had fewer hospitalizations for infections and fewer signs of inflammation.15 More research is needed to confirm these claims. ### Dental Plaque Limited evidence suggests pomegranate juice may help control dental plaque. In a small study, 30 people used either a pomegranate dental rinse, an antiseptic dental rinse, or water. Researchers found the pomegranate solution performed just as well as the antiseptic solution. It had no adverse side effects.16 It also appeared to inhibit the growth of germs that contribute to periodontitis (an inflammatory gum disease).16 ### Other Uses Research is ongoing into other health effects of pomegranate, including: * Cancer prevention17 * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) * Diabetes18 * Erectile dysfunction19 * Kidney disease20 More research is needed to determine whether pomegranate is safe and effective for these conditions. ## What Are the Side Effects of Pomegranate Juice? Pomegranate juice consumed in moderate amounts is most likely safe for most people. But certain people should exercise caution. It\'s possible to be allergic to pomegranate, which can cause:21 * Itching * Swelling * Runny nose * Difficulty breathing * Anaphylaxis (a life-threatening reaction) If you have oral allergy syndrome, you may be sensitive to pomegranate.22 This condition involves allergies to birch pollen and many fruits. Some people have digestive side effects from pomegranate, such as diarrhea, which is the most common. Pomegranate root, stem, and peel contain substances that may be harmful in large amounts.12 Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your needs. ## Interactions Pomegranate juice may also interact negatively with some medications. Some early evidence suggests combining pomegranate with statins (cholesterol- lowering drugs) is dangerous.23 Statins include but are not limited to the following: * Lipitor (atorvastatin) * Mevacor (lovastatin) * Zocor (simvastatin) The combination of pomegranate and statins may cause rhabdomyolysis, a serious condition involving the breakdown of muscle fibers and possibly kidney failure.24 This may be due to pomegranates blocking an enzyme in the intestines, allowing you to absorb more medication.25 Grapefruit juice is better known for this effect, and many medication labels warn against drinking it.26 Pomegranate juice may interact with other medications, such as:27 * Antiarrhythmics: Drugs for irregular heart rhythms, including Cordarone (amiodarone), Norpace (disopyramide), and quinidine * Anticoagulants: Drugs that affect blood coagulation, like Jantoven (warfarin) * Calcium channel blockers: Drugs that lower blood pressure, including Plendil (felodipine), Cardene (nicardipine), Procardia (nifedipine), Nimotop (nimodipine), and Sular (nisoldipine) * Immunosuppressants: Drugs for autoimmune disease, including Sandimmune (cyclosporine), Neoral (cyclosporine), and Prograf (tacrolimus) * Protease inhibitors: Anti-retroviral drugs, including Norvir (ritonavir) It is essential to carefully read a supplement\'s ingredient list and nutrition facts panel to know which ingredients and how much of each ingredient is included. Review any supplement label with your healthcare provider to discuss potential interactions with foods, other supplements, and medications. ## How to Store Pomegranate Juice You\'ll find pomegranate juice at most grocery stores. It may be in the juice aisle or alongside whole fruit. Organic juice may help you avoid harmful chemicals. Check the label to see if other juices or sweeteners are added. Consider whether you want pasteurized juice. Pasteurization kills harmful bacteria, but it may also kill other nutritional compounds in the juice. Some people choose to make their own fresh pomegranate juice. To do this, liquify pomegranate seeds in a blender. Then strain the juice to remove any unwanted roughage. ### Buying Fresh Pomegranates You\'ll find the best pomegranates when the fruit is in season, from late summer to early winter. Here are some other tips for buying whole pomegranates: * A ripe pomegranate should feel heavy. * The skin should be bright or deep red and feel firm and leathery. * Browning means it\'s likely past its prime. * Abrasions on the skin don\'t affect its quality. ## Summary Some early evidence suggests pomegranate juice may improve heart health, fight inflammation and infection, and prevent dental plaque. However, more research is needed to confirm these benefits. Ask your healthcare provider if pomegranate juice is safe for you. It may cause side effects, like diarrhea, allergies, or adverse drug interactions in some people. 27 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Pomegranates, raw. 2. Cristóbal-Luna JM, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, et al. Grapefruit and its biomedical, antigenotoxic and chemopreventive properties. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;112:224-234. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.038 3. Wang P, Zhang Q, Hou H, et al. The effects of pomegranate supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2020;49:102358. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102358 4. Zarfeshany A, Asgary S, Javanmard SH. Potent health effects of pomegranate. Adv Biomed Res. 2014;3:100. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.129371 5. Barati Boldaji R, Akhlaghi M, Sagheb MM, et al. Pomegranate juice improves cardiometabolic risk factors, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover trial. J Sci Food Agric. 2020;100(2):846-854. doi:10.1002/jsfa.10096 6. Ghaemi F, Emadzadeh M, Atkin SL, et al. Impact of pomegranate juice on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2023 Oct;37(10):4429-4441. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7952 7. Bahari H, Omidian K, Goudarzi K, et al. The effects of pomegranate consumption on blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res. 2024 May;38(5):2234-2248. doi: 10.1002/ptr.8170 8. Sahebkar A, Ferri C, Giorgini P, et al. Effects of pomegranate juice on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2017;115:149-161. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.018 9. Taheri Rouhi SZ, Sarker MMR, Rahmat A, et al. The effect of pomegranate fresh juice versus pomegranate seed powder on metabolic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and the histopathology of pancreatic islets of langerhans in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic sprague-dawley rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;17(1):156. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1667-6 10. Stowe CB. The effects of pomegranate juice consumption on blood pressure and cardiovascular health. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2011;17(2):113-115. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.09.004 11. Wang D, Özen C, Abu-Reidah IM, et al. Vasculoprotective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:544. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00544 12. National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Pomegranate. 13. Danesi F, Ferguson LR. Could pomegranate juice help in the control of inflammatory diseases? Nutrients. 2017;9(9):958. doi:10.3390/nu9090958 14. Yousefi M, Sadriirani M, Mahmoodi S, et al. Adjuvant pomegranate juice intake improves the inflammatory status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2023 Aug;75:102958. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102958 15. Ismail T, Sestili P, Akhtar S. Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: a review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects. J Ethnopharmacology. 2012;143(2):397-3405. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.004 16. Bhadbhade SJ, Acharya AB, Rodrigues SV, et al. The antiplaque efficacy of pomegranate mouthrinse. Quintessence International. 2011;42(1):29-36. 17. Bassiri-Jahromi S. Punica granatum (pomegranate) activity in health promotion and cancer prevention. Oncol Rev. 2018;12(1):345. doi:10.4081/oncol.2018.345 18. Banihani S, Swedan S, Alguraan Z. Pomegranate and type 2 diabetes. Nutrition Research. 2013;33(5):341-348. doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.003 19. Eghbali S, Askari SF, Avan R, et al. Therapeutic effects of Punica granatum (pomegranate): an updated review of clinical trials. J Nutr Metab. 2021;2021:5297162. doi:10.1155/2021/5297162 20. Alshinnawy AS, El-Sayed WM, Taha AM, et al. Astragalus membranaceus and punica granatum alleviate infertility and kidney dysfunction induced by aging in male rats. Turk J Biol. 2020;44(4):166-175. doi:10.3906/biy-2001-5 21. Özer M, Severcan EU, Cetin S, et al. Pomegranates as a rare cause of anaphylaxis in a school child. Revue Française d’Allergologie. 2022;62(6):582-584. doi:10.1016/j.reval.2021.11.005 22. Kim JH, Kim SH, Park HW, et al. Oral allergy syndrome in birch pollen-sensitized patients from a korean university hospital. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2018;33(33). doi:10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e218 23. Hidaka M, Okumura M, Fujita K, et al. Effects of pomegranate juice on human cytochrome p450 3A (CYP3A) and carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005;33(5):644-648. doi:10.1124/dmd.104.002824 24. Sorokin AV, Duncan B, Panetta R, et al. Rhabdomyolysis associated with pomegranate juice consumption. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98(5):705-706. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.057 25. Kim H, Yoon YJ, Shon JH, et al. Inhibitory effects of fruit juices on CYP3A activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006;34(4):521-523. doi:10.1124/dmd.105.007930 26. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Grapefruit juice and some drugs don\'t mix. 27. Chen M, Zhou SY, Fabriaga E, et al. Food-drug interactions precipitated by fruit juices other than grapefruit juice: an update review. J Food Drug Anal. 2018;26(2S):S61-S71. doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.009 Additional Reading * Therapeutic Resource Center, Natural Medicine Database: Professional Monograph. Pomegranate. By Jinan Banna, PhD, RD Jinan Banna, PhD, RD is the founder of Jinan Banna LLC and an Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Hawaii, where she performs research in obesity prevention. Jinan helps working women to lose weight so that they can feel confident and energetic by offering free information on her blog, as well as nutrition coaching. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Medical Expert Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? 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Says Donald Trump is the first sitting US president in 56 years to not attend a wreathlaying ceremony on Veterans Day | 3,295 | ✕ The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Stand up for the facts! Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy. We need your help. More Info ### I would like to contribute One Time Monthly Yearly Join Now ![](\\" ![](\\" Viral image stated on June 4, 2019 in a Facebook post: Says Donald Trump is the first sitting U.S. president in 56 years to not attend a wreath-laying ceremony on Veterans Day. ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"pants- fire\\"](\\" * Fake news * Veterans * Facebook Fact-checks * Viral image ![\\"Samantha](\\" By Samantha Putterman June 10, 2019 # No, multiple presidents have missed the Veterans Day wreath-laying ceremony – not just Trump These days, spreaders of misinformation will go to any length to pass off bogus rumors as legitimate information including, it seems, screenshotting a portion of an actual fact-check without including, um, the actual fact-check! That’s what one Facebook post attempts in a screenshot of a Snopes article involving President Donald Trump. The only problem is ... the photo is only of the claim that Snopes researched, not the conclusion. The screenshot shows Snopes’ URL and the claim, which reads: \"November 2018 marked the first Veterans Day in 56 years upon which a sitting U.S. president did not attend a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery.\" The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The screenshot conveniently cuts off right before the Snopes rating – which, of course, you already likely know is False. There is no mention of the \"False\" rating or all the reasons why that fact-checking organization determined this claim is completely wrong. According to the Snopes article, it is accurate that Trump did not attend a wreath-laying ceremony at Arlington on Veterans Day in 2018, but he was nowhere near the \"first sitting U.S. president in 56 years\" to do so. #### Featured Fact-check ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on August 22, 2024 in Facebook posts Jason Aldean rejected a $500 million music collaboration with Taylor Swift. ![\\"true\\"](\\" false/33efdb6633e5e2fdc2d4e2f63383a1e0.jpg.\\") ![\\"false\\"](\\" false.jpg\\") By Sofia Ahmed • August 26, 2024 Several presidents have not attended the ceremony at one time or another. Obama was elsewhere in 2014 and 2010; George W. Bush did not attend in 2008, 2007, 2005 and 2001; George H.W. Bush was not present in 1989, 1990 and 1992. Since 1989, President Bill Clinton is the only one to have attended the event all eight years of his presidency. Our ruling A viral image on social media claims that president Trump was the \"first\" sitting U.S. president who did not attend the wreath-laying ceremony at Arlington Cemetery on Veterans Day 2018. It is accurate that Trump was elsewhere that day, but he is not the first president to be absent from the event. Three out of the four presidents who preceded Trump observed the holiday elsewhere. This screenshot is a blatantly inaccurate and incomplete depiction of a fact- check. We rate it Pants on Fire! #### Read About Our Process The Principles of the Truth-O-Meter ### Our Sources Facebook post, June 4, 2019 Snopes, Was Donald Trump the First President in 56 Years Not to Visit Arlington National Cemetery on Veterans Day?, Nov. 16, 2018 CBS, Obama Not the 1st President to Miss Memorial Day at Arlington, May 31, 2010 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Day Speeches, Accessed June 10, 2019 CSPAN, Veterans Day wreath-laying ceremony 2014, Accessed June 10, 2019 WhiteHouse.gov, Remarks by the Vice President at the National Veterans Day Observance, Nov. 11, 2017 White House archives, FACT SHEET: President Obama’s Visit to China, Nov. 11, 2014 White House archives, President Obama to America\'s Veterans: \"We Remember.\", Nov. 11, 2010 New York Times, Bush Honors Veterans at the Intrepid, Nov. 11, 2008 White House archives, President Bush Marks Veterans Day at National Fallen Soldiers Memorial Ceremony in Waco, Texas, Nov. 11, 2007 White House archives, President Commemorates Veterans Day, Discusses War on Terror in Tobyhanna, Pennsylvania, Nov. 11, 2005 YouTube, MT136 Dedication of the Texas Vietnam War Memorial in Dallas, Texas - 11 November 1989, Accessed June 10, 2019 CSPAN, Veterans Day Remarks, Nov. 11, 1992 ## Browse the Truth-O-Meter ### More by Samantha Putterman ![](\\" ![](\\" Social Media stated on July 13, 2024 in social media posts: Donald Trump staged the shooting at his rally in Butler, Pennsylvania. ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • July 14, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Kamala Harris stated on July 6, 2024 in a moderated conversation: Black women in the U.S. are “three to four times more likely to die in connection with childbirth than other women.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • July 11, 2024 ![](\\" logo-black-01/b6cedac93f6e57c68ecc025e5ec29d57.jpg\\") ![](\\" logo-black-01/438dbf066033f99de07598cbcc77ddcb.jpg\\") Threads posts stated on July 27, 2024 in a Threads post: C-sections are coded as abortions in hospitals. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • July 5, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Kamala Harris stated on August 28, 2024 in an ad: Project 2025 would defund K-12 schools. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • September 6, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Elizabeth Warren stated on August 25, 2024 in an interview: “JD Vance actually sent a letter last year to the Department of Justice saying, ‘enforce the Comstock Act.’” ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • August 30, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron DeSantis stated on August 28, 2024 in a press conference: The proposal to put golf courses, hotels in Florida state parks “was something that was leaked. … a lot of that stuff was half-baked and was not ready for prime time.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • August 29, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Rick Scott stated on August 28, 2024 in a post on X: “This month alone, more than 16,000 non-citizens have been removed from the voter rolls in 3 states.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • August 29, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Debbie Mucarsel-Powell stated on August 7, 2024 in un anuncio de radio de campaña: El senador Rick Scott no apoya las excepciones al aborto. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Marta Campabadal Graus • August 16, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Debbie Mucarsel-Powell stated on August 7, 2024 in an ad: Sen. Rick Scott does not support abortion exceptions. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Marta Campabadal Graus • August 14, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on August 8, 2024 in a press conference: Says his Jan. 6, 2021, speech on the White House Ellipse drew the “same number of people,” as the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Louis Jacobson • August 9, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron DeSantis stated on August 6, 2024 in an X post: “In 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa” because they were “fleeing” the state under Democratic Gov. Tim Walz. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • August 8, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on July 31, 2024 in an NABJ conference appearance: Kamala Harris was “Indian all the way, and then all of a sudden, she made a turn and she went, she became a Black person.” ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • July 31, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" JD Vance stated on July 28, 2024 in an interview: Vice President Kamala Harris is “calling for an end to the child tax credit.” ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • July 30, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Kamala Harris stated on July 18, 2024 in a campaign event: Project 2025 calls for restricting “access to IVF and contraception.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • July 24, 2024 ![](\\" black/4590875651af69b2c789ceab409664dd.jpg\\") ![](\\" black/72988380e8c8bd188dc360d11552e4a0.jpg\\") X posts stated on July 13, 2024 in una publicación en X: Donald Trump escenificó el tiroteo en su mitin en Butler, Pensilvania. ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Marta Campabadal Graus • July 15, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Social Media stated on July 13, 2024 in social media posts: Donald Trump staged the shooting at his rally in Butler, Pennsylvania. ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • July 14, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Kamala Harris stated on July 6, 2024 in a moderated conversation: Black women in the U.S. are “three to four times more likely to die in connection with childbirth than other women.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • July 11, 2024 ![](\\" logo-black-01/b6cedac93f6e57c68ecc025e5ec29d57.jpg\\") ![](\\" logo-black-01/438dbf066033f99de07598cbcc77ddcb.jpg\\") Threads posts stated on July 27, 2024 in a Threads post: C-sections are coded as abortions in hospitals. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • July 5, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Kamala Harris stated on August 28, 2024 in an ad: Project 2025 would defund K-12 schools. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • September 6, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Elizabeth Warren stated on August 25, 2024 in an interview: “JD Vance actually sent a letter last year to the Department of Justice saying, ‘enforce the Comstock Act.’” ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • August 30, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron DeSantis stated on August 28, 2024 in a press conference: The proposal to put golf courses, hotels in Florida state parks “was something that was leaked. … a lot of that stuff was half-baked and was not ready for prime time.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • August 29, 2024 ### No, multiple presidents have missed the Veterans Day wreath-laying ceremony – not just Trump * ![](\\" ![](\\" Sam Brown stated on August 28, 2024 in a campaign appearance: Proposed Nevada constitutional amendment to protect abortion rights would put “essentially no limit on access to abortion.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Caleb McCullough • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Jon Tester stated on September 8, 2024 in a Facebook ad: Tim Sheehy “would let politicians like him ban abortion, with no exceptions for rape or to save a woman’s life, and criminalize women.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Louis Jacobson • September 12, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Viral image stated on September 8, 2024 in a Threads post: “Elon Musk is going to expose Bill Gates soon, says ‘he’s evil.’” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • 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Says Donald Trump is the first sitting US president in 56 years to not attend a wreathlaying ceremony on Veterans Day | 3,295 | Become a Member ![\\"snopes](\\"/design/images/logo-main.png\\"/) Search My Profile Logout Submit a Rumor Latest Trending News & Politics Entertainment Fact Checks Quiz Sections Latest Trending Fact Checks News Collections More Contact Us Submit a Rumor Archives Quiz FactBot Newsletters About Us Categories News & Politics Entertainment Science & Technology Lifestyle Free accounts support our journalism Become a Member Login My Profile Logout Fact Check # Was Donald Trump the First President in 56 Years Not to Visit Arlington National Cemetery on Veterans Day? ## Presidents sometimes express support for U.S. troops on Veterans Day at places other than Arlington National Cemetery. ### Dan MacGuill ### Published Nov. 16, 2018 ![\\"](\\" Image courtesy of Jason Maehl / Shutterstock.com Claim: November 2018 marked the first Veterans Day in 56 years upon which the sitting U.S. president did not attend a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery. Rating: False About this rating Controversy surrounded President Donald Trump\'s activities and engagements on the weekend of Veterans Day in November 2018. The president travelled to France to join other world leaders for Armistice Day commemorations but failed to attend a memorial event at a U.S. military cemetery outside Paris on 10 November due to travel complications caused by heavy rain, a decision that prompted widespread criticism of Trump. Advertisement: On 12 November, the morning after his arrival home from Europe, Trump then declined to attend a traditional Veterans Day commemoration ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery. That action prompted a viral Facebook post claiming that Trump was the first sitting U.S. president in 56 years not to lay a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington for the occasion of Veterans Day: Advertisement: That claim was false, however. The following list documents years in which the sitting U.S. president did not attend a Veterans Day wreath-laying ceremony at Arlington, stretching back to 1989: 2018: President Donald Trump spent Veterans Day at the White House. 2017: Trump spent Veterans Day in Vietnam, accompanied by Vietnam War veterans at a commemoration event. 2014: President Barack Obama spent Veterans Day on an official visit to China. 2011: Obama spent Veterans Day with troops on board the USS Carl Vinson. 2010: Obama spent Veterans Day with troops stationed at Yongsan Army Garrison in Seoul, South Korea. 2008: President George W. Bush spent Veterans Day at the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum in New York, while Vice President Dick Cheney attended the wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns. Advertisement: 2005: Bush spent Veterans Day with troops at Tobyhanna Army Depot in Pennsylvania. 2001: Bush attended events in New York, including a commemoration at the site of the World Trade Center two months after the September 11th attacks. Cheney attended the traditional ceremony at Arlington in his stead. 1992: President George H.W. Bush visited the Vietnam Veterans Memorial at the National Mall in Washington D.C. rather than Arlington. 1990: Bush spent Veterans Day weekend at Camp David, Maryland. 1989: Bush attended the dedication of the Texas Vietnam War Memorial in Dallas, while General Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, represented him at the traditional Arlington ceremony. President Bill Clinton laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on all eight Veterans Days that fell during his tenure in the White House, but three out of the four presidents who preceded Donald Trump did not participate in the traditional Arlington Ceremony at one time or another. Advertisement: While Veterans Day (which originated in the traditional November commemoration of Armistice Day) is intended to celebrate all U.S. military veterans, Memorial Day (held on the last Monday in May) is specifically intended to commemorate and honor those who died while serving in the U.S. military. President Trump himself has attended both Memorial Day ceremonies so far in his tenure, but previous presidents have been known to miss the traditional Arlington commemoration on the last Monday in May, a history we wrote about in 2010 when President Barack Obama\'s visit to Chicago that year prompted similar social media claims that his decision was unprecedented. In fact, President George W. Bush made alternative arrangements in 2002, as did President Bush Sr. on all four Memorial Days during his tenure, and President Ronald Reagan on four out of eight occasions during his two administrations. As he did for Veterans Day, President Clinton attended ceremonies at the Tomb of the Unknowns on every Memorial Day during his eight years as president. #### Sources BBC News. \"Armistice Day: White House Defends Trump WWI No-Show.\" 12 November 2018. Chamberlain, Samuel. \"Trump, Pence Miss Veterans Day Observance at Arlington Cemetery.\" Fox News. 13 November. Dwyer, Devin. \"Trump Marks Veterans Day with Commemoration in Vietnam.\" ABC News. 10 November 2017. Landler, Mark. \"Obama\'s Focus in China is on Leader, Not Public.\" The New York Times. 10 November 2014. Compton, Matt. \"President Obama Attends the Carrier Classic.\" White House. 12 November 2011. Lee, Jesse. \"President Obama to America\'s Veterans: \'We Remember.\'\" White House. 11 November 2010. McGeehan, Patrick; Chan, Sewell. \"Bush Leads Ceremony at the Intrepid.\" The New York Times. 11 November 2008. Office of the White House Press Secretary. \"President Commemorates Veterans Day, Discusses War on Terror.\" 11 November 2005. CNN. \"Bush Honors Veterans, WTC Heroes and Victims.\" 11 November 2001. Bush, George. \"Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States -- George Bush, July 1 to December 31, 1990.\" Accessed 16 November 2018. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. \"Remarks by General Colin L. Powell, Veterans Day National Ceremony, Arlington National Cemetery.\" 11 November 1989. Watkins, Eli. \"Trump Marks Memorial Day with Arlington Visit.\" CNN. 29 May 2017. Qiu, Linda. \"On Memorial Day, Trump Honors \'Our Heroes\' at Arlington.\" The New York Times. 28 May 2018. ### By Dan MacGuill Dan Mac Guill is a former writer for Snopes. ## Article Tags Donald Trump Veterans Day Recommendations Advertisement: ![\\"Snopes.com\\"](\\"/design/images/logo-main.png\\") Company About Us FAQs Contact Us Submit a Topic Navigate Home Search Archive Newsletters Random Sections Latest Top Fact Checks News Account Join Login Game FactBot Like Us on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter © 1995 - 2024 by Snopes Media Group Inc. This material may not be reproduced without permission. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com Terms of Use Privacy Policy DMCA Policy |
Says Donald Trump is the first sitting US president in 56 years to not attend a wreathlaying ceremony on Veterans Day | 3,295 | Skip to Main Content Home Checkmark Plus Minus Search Right Arrow Left Arrow Down Arrow Up Arrow Fliter Print Shopping Cart Back Arrow Up Chevron Right Chevron Left Chevron Down Chevron Up Chevron 2 Right Chevron 2 Left Chevron 2 Down Chevron 2 Right Chevron 3 Left Chevron 3 Down Chevron 3 Up Chevron 3 Mail Phone Right Arrow 2 Left Arrow 2 Down Arrow 2 Up Arrow 2 User Zoon In Zoom Out Close Pinterest Instagram Google Plus Facebook Twitter YouTube Share Sort Assending Sort Descending Play Pause Home | Contact Us | Partner Login Search Search ![\\"facebook\\"](\\"/cms/images/facebook.png\\") ![\\"twitter\\"](\\"/cms/images/twitter.png\\") ![\\"youtube\\"](\\"/cms/images/youtube.png\\") ![\\"instagram\\"](\\"/cms/images/instagram.png\\") ![\\"Vietnam](\\"/cms/images/logo.png\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_slide_5_FNL1.JPG\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_title_slide_October_2024.jpg\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_slide_B.jpg\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_slide_6_FNL1.JPG\\"/) ![\\"Hispanic](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Hispanic_Heritage_Month_slide_6_-_Sept.jpg\\"/) ![\\"pentagon](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/pentagon_tour_collage.png\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_slide_5_FNL1.JPG\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_title_slide_October_2024.jpg\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_slide_B.jpg\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_slide_6_FNL1.JPG\\"/) ![\\"Hispanic](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Hispanic_Heritage_Month_slide_6_-_Sept.jpg\\"/) ![\\"pentagon](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/pentagon_tour_collage.png\\"/) ![\\"Navy](\\"/assets/1/15/SlideShowDimensionMain/Navy_slide_5_FNL1.JPG\\"/) The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. 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Trump, designating every March 29 as **National Vietnam War Veterans Day**. ![\\"National](\\"/assets/1/7/MainFCKEditorDimension/NVWVD_Updated_- _May_2022-thumbnail.png\\") This special day joins six other military-centric annual observances codified in Title 4 of the United States Code §6, among them Memorial Day, Independence Day and Veterans Day. 29 March is a fitting choice for a day honoring Vietnam veterans. It was chosen to be observed in perpetuity as March 29, 1973 was the day United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam was disestablished and also the day the last U.S. combat troops departed Vietnam. In addition, on and around this same day Hanoi released the last of its acknowledged prisoners of war. The United States of America Vietnam War Commemoration honors all veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time from November 1, 1955 to May 15, 1975, regardless of location, and their families. _November 1, 1955_ was selected to coincide with the official designation of Military Assistance Advisory Group-Vietnam (MAAG-V); **May 15, 1975** marks the end of the battle precipitated by the seizure of the SS Mayaguez. The Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that today there are more than 7**million U.S. Vietnam veterans living in America and abroad** , along with **10 million families of those who served** during this timeframe. We make no distinction between veterans who served in-country, in-theater, or who were stationed elsewhere during the Vietnam War period. All were called to serve and none could self-determine where they would serve. _Additional Background_ : U.S. involvement in Vietnam started slowly with an initial deployment of advisors in the early 1950s, grew incrementally through the early 1960s and expanded with the deployment of full combat units in July 1965. The last U.S. personnel were evacuated from Vietnam in April 1975. This national commemoration was authorized by Congress, established under the Secretary of Defense, and launched by the President to thank and honor our Nation’s Vietnam veterans and their families for their service and sacrifice. In 2007, the 110th Congress incorporated language in House of Representatives (H.R.) 4986 authorizing the secretary of defense to conduct a program commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Vietnam War. H.R. 4986 was signed into law as the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2008 by 43rd U.S. President George W. Bush on January 28, 2008. 44th U.S. President Barack Obama officially inaugurated this Commemoration at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C. on Memorial Day, May 28, 2012. Section 598 (Public Law 110-181) of the 2008 NDAA specifically addresses Commemoration activities. Congress outlined a total of five objectives for The United States of America Vietnam War Commemoration, with the primary objective being to thank and honor Vietnam veterans and their families for their service and sacrifice on behalf of the Nation, with distinct recognition of former prisoners of war and families of those still listed as missing in action. The four remaining objectives highlight the service of our Armed Forces and support organizations during the war; pay tribute to wartime contributions at home by American citizens; highlight technology, science and medical advances made during the war; and recognize contributions by our Allies. 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Says Donald Trump is the first sitting US president in 56 years to not attend a wreathlaying ceremony on Veterans Day | 3,295 | ### Support Nonprofit C-SPAN ### Watch C-SPAN Anywhere, Anytime on C-SPAN Now ### Straight from the sources: Get WORD FOR WORD ### Take a Deeper Look at Congress ### Shop the C-SPAN Store - Great Gift Ideas ![](\\" ### Support Nonprofit C-SPAN We operate independently, receiving no government funding. 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November 11, 2019 # President Trump Veterans Day Remarks and Wreath Laying 2019-11-11T10:24:09-05:00 President Trump offered a tribute to those who have served in the armed forces. He spoke at the opening of the 100th annual parade organized by the United War Veterans Park in Madison Square Park in New York City. He was the first sitting president to speak at the event. President Trump offered a tribute to those who have served in the armed forces. He spoke at the opening of the 100th annual parade organized… read more President Trump offered a tribute to those who have served in the armed forces. He spoke at the opening of the 100th annual parade organized by the United War Veterans Park in Madison Square Park in New York City. He was the first sitting president to speak at the event. close Report Video Issue GALLERIES CLOSE ![](\\"\\"/) ↑ ![](\\" ### Profile: Kamala Harris Latest Appearances on C-SPAN ![](\\" flags-announcement.jpg\\"/) ### Profile: Donald Trump Latest Appearances on C-SPAN ![](\\" whd-july3.jpg\\"/) ### Profile: Tim Walz Latest Appearances on C-SPAN ![](\\" vance-july17-rncconvention.jpg\\"/) ### Profile: JD Vance Latest Appearances on C-SPAN ![](\\" carter-111219_ap_320x180.jpg\\"/) ### Video Gallery: Former President Jimmy Carter 100th Birthday Watch highlights from his life and career in politics ↓ Go to Live Event * Text type Full Transcript Text People Graphical Timeline * Filter by Speaker All Speakers Donald J. Trump * Search this text *This text was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning. ### Access C-SPAN Anywherewith the C-SPAN Now App Get the App ![](\\" ## People in this video * ![](\\" Donald J. 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A man who sodomized a 6yearold was arrested and thrown behind bars where he belongs Until Kentucky Gov Andy Beshear turned him loose Released back into the community within a year | 3,296 | # ffrf.org ## Verifying you are human. This may take a few seconds. ffrf.org needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding. Verification successful Waiting for ffrf.org to respond... Ray ID: 8cec892cab7884fe Performance & security by Cloudflare |
A man who sodomized a 6yearold was arrested and thrown behind bars where he belongs Until Kentucky Gov Andy Beshear turned him loose Released back into the community within a year | 3,296 | Issuu Search Show submenu for \"Read\" sectionRead Articles Browse short-form content that\'s perfect for a quick read Issuu Store Purchase your next favourite publication **Categories** Arts and Entertainment Religion and Spirituality Business Science Education Society Family and Parenting Sports Food and Drink Style and Fashion Health and Fitness Technology Hobbies Travel Home and Garden Vehicles Pets All Categories ![\\"illustration](\\"//static.isu.pub/fe/product-header- frontend/387efd2/31d186ba39f38e8c4fac.png\\"/) Show submenu for \"Features\" sectionFeatures Flipbooks Transform any piece of content into a page-turning experience. Fullscreen Sharing Deliver a distraction-free reading experience with a simple link. Embed Host your publication on your website or blog with just a few clicks. Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as bite-sized articles. Statistics Make data-driven decisions to drive reader engagement, subscriptions, and campaigns. Teams Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing. Social Posts Create on-brand social posts and Articles in minutes. GIFs Highlight your latest work via email or social media with custom GIFs. Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. Video Say more by seamlessly including video within your publication. Digital Sales Sell your publications commission-free as single issues or ongoing subscriptions. QR Codes Generate QR Codes for your digital content. More Features **Integrations** ![\\"\\"](\\" canva-gradient.svg\\") Canva Create professional content with Canva, including presentations, catalogs, and more. HubSpot Embed, gate, and track Issuu content in HubSpot marketing campaigns. Adobe Express Go from Adobe Express creation to Issuu publication. Adobe InDesign Design pixel-perfect content like flyers, magazines and more with Adobe InDesign. Show submenu for \"Use Cases\" sectionUse Cases **Industry** Art, Architecture, and Design Education Internal Communications Marketing and PR Nonprofits Publishing Real Estate Retail and Wholesale Travel and Tourism More Industries **Role** Content Marketers Designers Publishers Salespeople Social Media Managers Teams **Content Type** Flipbook Portfolio Digital Magazine Digital Flipbook PDF to Flipbook Newspaper Digital Book Digital Lookbook More Content Types ![\\"illustration](\\"//static.isu.pub/fe/product-header- frontend/387efd2/1e794a8c4ec65e549678.png\\"/) Show submenu for \"Learn\" sectionLearn Blog Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing. Help Center Here you\'ll find an answer to your question. Webinars Free Live Webinars and Workshops. Resources Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. It\'s like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace. Pricing Log in Sign up Turn static files into dynamic content formats. Create a flipbook # INFLUENCE Magazine — Summer 2018 Published on Jun 17, 2018 ![\\"Publisher](\\"//photo.isu.pub/influenceflorida/photo_large.jpg\\") Extensive Enterprises Media Follow this publisher Recognizing the 100 most influential people in Florida politics. ## More from Extensive Enterprises Media ![\\"\\"](\\" ### INFLUENCE Magazine - Fall 2024 October 6, 2024 ![\\"\\"](\\" ### INFLUENCE Magazine - Spring 2024 April 15, 2024 ![\\"\\"](\\" ### INFLUENCE Magazine - Fall 2023 October 31, 2023 ![\\"\\"](\\" ### INFLUENCE Magazine - Spring 2023 April 16, 2023 ![\\"\\"](\\" ### INFLUENCE Magazine - Fall 2022 September 23, 2022 ![\\"\\"](\\" ### INFLUENCE Magazine - Summer 2022 July 24, 2022 Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook. Issuu Issuu Inc. Create once,share everywhere. Issuu turns PDFs and other files into interactive flipbooks and engaging content for every channel. ![\\"\\"](\\"//static.isu.pub/fe/product-footer- frontend/3aee7bf/v2/e283d2281e3880d33989.svg\\"/)English EnglishDeutsch ### Company * About us * Careers * Plans & Pricing * Press * Blog * Contact ### Issuu Platform * Content Types * Features * Flipbook * Industries ### Resources * Developers * Elite Customer Program * Publisher Directory * Redeem Code TermsPrivacyDMCAAccessibilityCookie Settings ![\\"\\"](\\" instagram-gradient.svg\\") |
If a 12yearold girl became pregnant because of rape or incest Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby | 3,297 | The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Stand up for the facts! Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy. We need your help. More Info ### I would like to contribute One Time Monthly Yearly Join Now ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on October 19, 2022 in Campaign ad: If a 12-year-old girl became pregnant because of rape or incest, \"Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" mostly-true/4ac7c61540eff5211f6a04d98a6bc93a.jpg.\\") ![\\"mostly- true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") * Abortion * Children * Elections * Health Care * Wisconsin * Tony Evers ![\\"Anti- abortion](\\" Anti-abortion and abortion-rights protesters gather June 24, 2022, outside the Supreme Court in Washington. (AP) ![\\"Madeline](\\" By Madeline Heim October 21, 2022 # Evers’ campaign mostly on track about Michels opposing rape, incest exceptions to abortion ban #### If Your Time is short * Michels has long opposed the idea of adding exceptions for rape and incest into Wisconsin’s ban on abortion, even saying on a 2004 WPR radio show that although a 12-year-old becoming pregnant because of rape would be the worst kind of crime, he would encourage her to deliver the baby so it could be adopted. (His team has pointed out that the comment is nearly 20 years old.) * He opposed such exceptions in his current gubernatorial campaign as well. In several instances up through September 2022, he reiterated that he does not support them. * In late September, he said he would sign a bill creating such exceptions if he saw one come across his desk as governor. But his campaign maintained that his personal beliefs on the subject hadn’t changed. See the sources for this fact-check The 2022 midterm elections are just weeks away, and abortion remains a centerpiece of candidates’ arguments. Democratic Gov. Tony Evers’ campaign released a dramatic TV ad on the subject aimed at Republican challenger Tim Michels. The 30-second spot, called \"Twelve,\" features several young girls of that age — who, as the ad points out, can’t legally drive a car or vote. \"But if this little girl were tragically raped or a victim of incest and became pregnant, radical Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby,\" it says. It’s obviously an extreme example — but it points to Michels’ long-held opposition to creating rape and incest exceptions for Wisconsin’s abortion ban. So, is Evers right? Let’s dive in. Michels opposed rape, incest exceptions, but recently backpedaled Over much of the course of his campaign for governor, as well as a run for U.S. Senate in Wisconsin in 2004, Michels has opposed making exceptions to the state’s abortion ban for people who become pregnant as a result of rape or incest. Some states’ bans allow abortion in those cases. Wisconsin’s, which was passed in 1849, does not. (That ban ostensibly took effect in late June, when Roe vs. Wade was overturned, though Evers and Democratic Attorney General Josh Kaul have filed a lawsuit challenging it.) Here’s a look at times Michels said he opposed such exceptions: * Perhaps the most pertinent to this claim: Michels said in 2004 on the Wisconsin Public Radio show Route 51 that the example of a 12-year-old who had gotten pregnant because she was raped would be the worst crime, but that \"what I would try and tell them is: There’s a life in there, a life that was created by God. And if you carry that baby full term, there’ll be 25 or 35 couples that will be there ready and willing to adopt that baby.\" (Michels’ team has noted that the quote is nearly 20 years old.) #### Featured Fact-check ![](\\" ![](\\" Tim Walz stated on September 14, 2024 in a speech “In Project 2025, you’re going to have to register with a new federal agency when you get pregnant.” ![\\"true\\"](\\" false/33efdb6633e5e2fdc2d4e2f63383a1e0.jpg.\\") ![\\"false\\"](\\" false.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • September 17, 2024 * Also during his 2004 Senate run, when asked whether a woman who was raped and became pregnant should be forced to have the baby, Michels said: \"To ask (a woman) to go through the birth is not unreasonable when you talk about killing the life of that baby.\" * In a June 2022 interview with WISN-TV, Michels said Wisconsin’s abortion ban is an \"exact mirror\" of his position, and even emphasized that he did not support rape or incest exceptions. * On Sept. 6, at a GOP event in Dane County, Michels said he’d been fielding calls from people who were suggesting he should support rape or incest exceptions, and declared he would not soften his stance. He changed his tune in an appearance on WISN radio with conservative talk show host Dan O’Donnell on Sept. 23, saying he would sign legislation, if it was brought to his desk as governor, that would create rape and incest exceptions to Wisconsin’s abortion ban. \"I am pro-life and I make no apologies for that,\" Michels told O’Donnell. \"But I also understand that this is a representative democracy. And if the people — in this case, the Legislature — brought a bill before me, as you just stated, I would sign that.\" We rated it as a \"Full Flop\" on PolitiFact’s Flip-O-Meter. That would put a bit of a dent in Evers’ claim that Michels would force a 12-year-old to give birth in such situations. But although there has been some interest in the Republican-controlled Legislature in passing a bill with rape and incest exceptions, Assembly Speaker Robin Vos has said legislation addressing that is unlikely. So while Michels responded to the theoretical possibility, the more likely scenario is that the status quo remains — and he has not indicated he personally would work to advance such exceptions. In fact, after Michels said he’d sign a bill allowing them, his campaign staff repeatedly said his personal beliefs on the subject hadn’t changed — that is, that he still doesn’t personally support them. Our ruling The television ad from Evers’ campaign said Michels would force a 12-year-old girl to give birth if she became pregnant as a result of rape or incest. Michels long opposed adding exceptions for rape and incest into Wisconsin’s abortion ban, though he recently said he’d sign a bill adding them. But that scenario appears unlikely, and his campaign has said his personal beliefs on the issue remain the same. We rate this claim Mostly True. #### Read About Our Process The Principles of the Truth-O-Meter ### Our Sources YouTube campaign ad, \"Twelve,\" accessed Oct. 19, 2022 Politico, \"In states that allow abortion for rape and incest, finding a doctor may prove impossible,\" June 27, 2022 Wisconsin state statute on abortion, accessed Oct. 19, 2022 USA TODAY, \"Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade, eliminating constitutional right to abortion,\" June 24, 2022 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, \"Tony Evers, Josh Kaul file lawsuit challenging Wisconsin\'s 1849 law banning abortions, calling it unenforceable,\" June 28, 2022 Wisconsin Public Radio, \"The repeal of abortion rights in Wisconsin reshaped 2022 political campaigns. Will it change outcomes?\" Oct. 13, 2022 iHeart, Dan O’Donnell — Tim Michels and abortion, Sept. 23, 2022 PolitiFact Wisconsin, \"Tim Michels flips position on allowing rape, incest exceptions to state abortion ban,\" Sept. 27, 2022 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, \"Assembly Speaker Robin Vos backs exception for rape and incest if Wisconsin\'s abortion ban goes into effect,\" May 12, 2022 WISN, \"Vos says legislation adding exceptions for rape or incest to state\'s abortion ban \'unlikely,\'\" July 19, 2022 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, \"Tim Michels now says he would back legislation allowing abortions in case of rape and incest despite decades of opposition,\" Sept. 23, 2022 ## Browse the Truth-O-Meter ### More by Madeline Heim ![](\\" ![](\\" Wisco Project stated on September 16, 2024 in Social media ads: “If you make less than $100,000, Trump is about to raise your taxes. Currently, you’re taxed at 10% and then 12%. He would raise that to a flat rate of 15%.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Madeline Heim • September 20, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump Jr. stated on July 17, 2024 in Speech: After being shot at a Milwaukee rally in 1912, former President Teddy Roosevelt “finished his speech and he kept fighting.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • July 18, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Jon Stewart stated on July 16, 2024 in TV appearance: Milwaukee\'s Marcus Performing Arts Center – where \'The Daily Show\' had been scheduled – “was originally located in the ‘soft perimeter,’ they called it, security-wise” but “was shifted, understandably so, to the ‘hard perimeter.’” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Madeline Heim • July 17, 2024 ![](\\" new/e5f81dc43ebbfab7c9d9b56cfba2f398.jpg\\") ![](\\" new/9fbc38bd9f4148c4e7374ecdd8d95da4.jpg\\") Tammy Baldwin stated on May 5, 2024 in X, formerly Twitter: “When I worked on the Affordable Care Act, I wrote the amendment that allows all young people to stay on their parents’ health insurance until they turn 26. Overnight, millions of young Americans got health care.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • May 17, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Amanda Nedweski stated on January 22, 2024 in Wisconsin Assembly: \"We have technology and medical advancements today that can tell you if you are pregnant the day after conception.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Madeline Heim • March 8, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Heartland Signal stated on February 20, 2024 in X, formerly Twitter: Says Republican U.S. Senate candidate Eric Hovde claims he \"understands the tragedy of children being trafficked through Central America because he owns three homes there.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • February 22, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Opportunity Wisconsin stated on September 14, 2023 in News release: \"The repeal of Roe v. Wade has exacerbated the state’s OB-GYN shortage as residency programs report a decline in enrollment due to the inability of residents to receive training in-state.\" ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • October 25, 2023 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron Johnson stated on April 24, 2023 in Public appearance: The COVID vaccine “has been proven to have negative efficacy.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Madeline Heim • June 7, 2023 ![](\\" ![](\\" American Principles Project stated on March 8, 2023 in Campaign ad: At a Wisconsin school, a 12-year-old girl \"was transitioned into a boy by school officials without parental consent,\" and Protasiewicz supports it. ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • March 29, 2023 ![](\\" ![](\\" Darrin Madison stated on February 8, 2023 in News release: Under a GOP bill on cash bail, \"a large quantity of people who are accused of crimes, including anyone who even witnesses certain crimes, could now be detained and subject to bail.\" ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • March 17, 2023 ![](\\" ![](\\" Robin Vos stated on January 19, 2023 in Speech: In Wisconsin, even multimillionaires can be on BadgerCare \"because we don\'t even ask people what their income level is to qualify for free health care.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • February 9, 2023 ![](\\" ![](\\" Scott Walker stated on January 1, 2023 in Twitter: “Every pro-life Governor up for election in November won – by a large margin.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • January 13, 2023 ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on November 14, 2022 in Twitter: “An overwhelming majority of Wisconsinites support restoring #Roe and legalizing marijuana.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • December 2, 2022 ![](\\" ![](\\" Tim Michels stated on October 24, 2022 in News conference: Tony Evers “wants to let out between 9,000 and 10,000 more” Wisconsin prisoners ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Madeline Heim • November 4, 2022 ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on October 19, 2022 in Campaign ad: If a 12-year-old girl became pregnant because of rape or incest, \"Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • October 21, 2022 ### Evers’ campaign mostly on track about Michels opposing rape, incest exceptions to abortion ban * ![](\\" ![](\\" Threads posts stated on September 20, 2024 in a Threads post: “Oprah is a sex trafficker. She’s been caught and now has to be escorted around” by U.S. marshals ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • September 25, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Threads posts stated on September 23, 2024 in a Threads post: Says John Fetterman said he’s “voting for Trump.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • September 25, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 22, 2024 in a Facebook post: “Taylor Swift’s concert attendance drops after Harris endorsement: ‘No Fans, just empty seats and echoes.’” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • September 25, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tim Sheehy stated on September 10, 2024 in an op-ed: Jon Tester “supported slashing Social Security benefits” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Louis Jacobson • September 25, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Threads posts stated on September 22, 2024 in a Threads post: Florida \"put Tom Walz instead of Tim Walz\" on its ballots. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Jeff Cercone • September 25, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tim Walz stated on September 21, 2024 in in Bethlehem, Pa.: “Donald Trump added more to the national debt than any other president, ever.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Louis Jacobson • September 25, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Senate Leadership Fund stated on September 17, 2024 in a TV ad: “Two years ago, Bob Casey promised us his vote will reduce inflation. ... Casey’s vote for reckless spending” made inflation worse. ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Louis Jacobson • September 25, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Viral image stated on September 23, 2024 in an Instagram post: Video shows Vice President Kamala Harris “hammered.” ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Ciara O\'Rourke • September 24, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Threads posts stated on September 23, 2024 in a Threads post: Travis Kelce endorsed Kamala Harris. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Sofia Ahmed • September 24, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 15, 2024 in una publicación en Facebook: \"Profesores de la Universidad de Howard confirman: \'Kamala fue la peor estudiante de la historia\'\". ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Marta Campabadal Graus • September 24, 2024 Load more ### Support independent fact-checking. 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If a 12yearold girl became pregnant because of rape or incest Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby | 3,297 | ###1\. How relevant is this ad to you? 2\. Did you encounter any technical issues? No Video player was slow to load content Video content never loaded Ad froze or did not finish loading Video content did not start after ad Audio on ad was too loud Other issues Ad never loaded Ad prevented/slowed the page from loading Content moved around while ad loaded Ad was repetitive to ads I\'ve seen previously Other issues Cancel Submit Thank You! Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much appreciated. Close Ad Feedback Close icon Politics SCOTUS Congress Facts First 2024 Elections More SCOTUS Congress Facts First 2024 Elections Watch Listen Live TV Subscribe Sign in My Account * Settings * Topics You Follow * Sign Out Your CNN account Sign in to your CNN account Sign in My Account * Settings * Topics You Follow * Sign Out Your CNN account Sign in to your CNN account Live TV Listen Watch Edition US International Arabic Español Edition * US * International * Arabic * Español SCOTUS Congress Facts First 2024 Elections Follow CNN Politics * * * * World * Africa * Americas * Asia * Australia * China * Europe * India * Middle East * United Kingdom * US Politics * SCOTUS * Congress * Facts First * 2024 Elections * Business * Tech * Media * Calculators * Videos * Markets * Pre-markets * After-Hours * Fear & Greed * Investing * Markets Now * Nightcap * Health * Life, But Better * Fitness * Food * Sleep * Mindfulness * Relationships * Entertainment * Movies * Television * Celebrity * Tech * Innovate * Foreseeable Future * Mission: Ahead * Work Transformed * Innovative Cities * Style * Arts * Design * Fashion * Architecture * Luxury * Beauty * Video * Travel * Destinations * Food & Drink * Stay * News * Videos * Sports * Football * Tennis * Golf * Motorsport * US Sports * Olympics * Climbing * Esports * Hockey * Watch * Live TV * CNN Fast * Shows A-Z * CNN10 * CNN Max * CNN TV Schedules * Listen * CNN 5 Things * Chasing Life with Dr. Sanjay Gupta * The Assignment with Audie Cornish * One Thing * Tug of War * CNN Political Briefing * The Axe Files * All There Is with Anderson Cooper * All CNN Audio podcasts * Science * Space * Life * Unearthed * Climate * Solutions * Weather * Features * As Equals * Call to Earth * Freedom Project * Impact Your World * Inside Africa * CNN Heroes * Weather * Video * Climate * Ukraine-Russia War * Israel-Hamas War * About CNN * Photos * Investigations * CNN Profiles * CNN Leadership * CNN Newsletters * Work for CNN Ad Feedback # Wisconsin Democrats attempt to elevate abortion rights issue in competitive Senate and governor’s races ![\\"Eric](\\" bradner.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_270,w_480,c_fill/c_thumb,g_face,w_100,h_100\\") ![\\"Omar](\\" ![\\"Donald](\\" judd-byline.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_270,w_480,c_fill/c_thumb,g_face,w_100,h_100\\") By Eric Bradner, Omar Jimenez and Donald Judd, CNN 5 minute read Published 4:14 PM EDT, Tue October 4, 2022 Link Copied! ![\\"Dozens](\\" abortion-protesters-220622.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_833,w_1480,c_fill\\") Dozens of protesters gather in the Wisconsin state Capitol rotunda in Madison on June 22, 2022, in hopes of convincing Republican lawmakers to repeal the state\'s 173-year-old ban on abortions. Todd Richmond/AP CNN — Democrats in Wisconsin sought to turn the midterm elections into a referendum on abortion after Republicans who control the state legislature met for less than 30 seconds Tuesday to reject Gov. Tony Evers’ bid to allow voters to decide the issue. In a state where two of the nation’s most competitive races are playing out as Evers, the Democratic governor, and Republican Sen. Ron Johnson seek reelection, an 1849 law banning abortion in nearly all circumstances took effect following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn federal abortion rights protections this summer. The GOP-led legislature has defended the 1849 law and has not added exceptions for rape and incest. And Wisconsin’s law does not allow for referendums like the one on Michigan’s ballot in November that could allow voters there to overturn a decades-old abortion ban. Ad Feedback Ad Feedback Evers – who faces Republican businessman Tim Michels, who, in a reversal that highlighted the political potency of the issue, said last week he now supports exceptions to the abortion ban for pregnancies resulting from rape and incest – called lawmakers into a special session on Tuesday morning, urging them to change the law to allow voters to decide whether to scrap the 1849 abortion ban. ![\\"Indiana](\\" ban-debate-indiana-0805.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_144,w_256,c_fill\\") Indiana Senator Susan Glick, author of Senate Bill 1, debates Senator Greg Taylor shortly before the vote to accept Senate Bill 1, which was passed by the House earlier in the day, making the Indiana legislature the first in the nation to restrict abortions, in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. August 5, 2022. REUTERS/Cheney Orr Cheney Orr/Reuters Abortion is banned or severely limited in a number of states. Here\'s where things stand But the state Assembly and Senate both adjourned their sessions within 30 seconds, taking no action on Evers’ proposals. At a pro-abortion rights rally outside the Capitol in Madison after the legislature adjourned Tuesday, Evers said this year’s election “will decide what kind of state we’re going to be forever.” He also said Wisconsin would be “the laughing stock of the country” and “the worst state in the union” if the state elects Republicans who are unwilling to change the 1849 abortion law in November. “When it comes to reproductive freedom, the will of the people is obviously not the law of the land – but it damn well should be,” Evers said at the “Your Choice, Your Vote” rally. “Wisconsinites, women in particular, are not only stripped of their reproductive freedom but they currently don’t have the right to try and change it without having to get permission from a bunch of politicians. Can you think of anything more ridiculous? It’s just flat out wrong,” he said. It was part of a major push Democrats are making to attempt to place the debate over abortion rights at the center of Wisconsin’s election this year. Lt. Gov. Mandela Barnes, the Democrat who is challenging Johnson, this week launched a “Ron Against Roe” tour – in reference to the landmark 1973 abortion ruling overturned by a Supreme Court decision in late June – featuring a slate of events in which he is hammering Johnson over his opposition to abortion rights. Evers’ campaign, meanwhile, launched a new television advertisement Tuesday taking aim at Michels’ prior position. “A 12-year-old girl can’t legally drive a car. At 12, she can’t even vote. But if this little girl were tragically raped or a victim of incest and became pregnant, radical Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby,” a narrator says in Evers’ ad. Michels did not directly respond to Evers on Tuesday. He was campaigning in Dells, and attacking Evers on social media over his handling of the coronavirus pandemic. His campaign did not respond to a request for comment on the special session or Evers’ comments at the rally. The Democratic push comes as Republicans seek to turn the election into a referendum on Democrats’ handling of crime in Wisconsin, as well as inflation under President Joe Biden. In recent weeks, the GOP’s ads in the state have increasingly focused on crime, particularly in Milwaukee. ![\\"MADISON,](\\" barnes-0722-restricted.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_144,w_256,c_fill\\") MADISON, WI - JULY 23: Lt. Gov. of Wisconsin and democratic candidate for US senate, Mandela Barnes, speaks to supporters at a rally outside of the Wisconsin State Capital building on Saturday July 23, 2022. (Photo by Sara Stathas for the Washington Post) Sara StathasThe Washington Post/Getty Images In Wisconsin, Republicans attack Mandela Barnes on crime, offering glimpse at shifting midterm message Johnson, at a Rotary Club of Milwaukee event on Tuesday, repeated a position he has taken in recent weeks on abortion that largely aligns with what Evers had proposed, saying he believes the issue should be decided by voters through a referendum. “We haven’t put the question to the people. That’s what we need to do,” Johnson said in a remark that gained attention after it was tweeted by an Associated Press reporter. Evers pounced on that tweet, saying on Twitter: “I agree—it’s been 100 days since #Roe was overturned, and I’ve called the Legislature into special session at 10:00 today to vote on a pathway to repeal our criminal abortion ban.” “Republicans should stop paying lip service to reproductive freedom and do something about it,” Evers said. State Rep. Sara Rodriguez, Evers’ nominee for lieutenant governor, also highlighted Johnson’s position on Tuesday at the rally outside the Capitol. “There is bipartisan support for the referendum process. I agree with very little that Sen. Ron Johnson has said, but this I agree on,” she said. “Let’s do this.” Johnson has said he would like to see the state’s abortion law changed to allow exceptions in cases of rape and incest. He told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel in September that Wisconsin voters should have an opportunity to weigh in and he would “rather do it through a direct referendum.” However, Republican leaders in Madison never seriously considered Evers’ calls for a special session to create a legal pathway for a referendum – even though those calls came after Johnson had proposed such a referendum. Senate Majority Leader Devin LeMahieu and Assembly Speaker Robin Vos said in a September statement: “Governor Evers would rather push his agenda to have abortion available until birth than talk about his failure to address rising crime and runaway inflation caused by his liberal DC allies. Hopefully, voters see through his desperate political stunt.” Johnson’s campaign did not respond to questions about his views on the legislature’s decision to adjourn Tuesday without considering Evers’ call to create a pathway for a referendum on abortion. ## Up next ![\\"\\"](\\" JD Vance said in 2022 he ‘would like abortion to be illegal nationally’ Jul 18, 2024 4 minute read ![\\"\\"](\\" rtrmadp-3-usa-abortion-protests.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_144,w_256,c_fill\\") Georgia judge declares state’s abortion ban unconstitutional, allowing procedure to resume beyond 6 weeks into pregnancy Oct 1, 2024 5 minute read ![\\"\\"](\\" Liz Cheney invokes January 6 as she touts endorsement of Harris in Wisconsin Oct 4, 2024 6 minute read ![\\"\\"](\\" hp1600x900-v02.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_144,w_256,c_fill\\") What to expect in the sprint to Election Day – and beyond Oct 3, 2024 3 minute read ![\\"\\"](\\" Harris pushes to make health care a top campaign issue. 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If a 12yearold girl became pregnant because of rape or incest Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby | 3,297 | The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Stand up for the facts! Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy. We need your help. More Info ### I would like to contribute One Time Monthly Yearly Join Now ### Latest Mostly True Fact-checks on Tony Evers * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on November 14, 2022 in Twitter: “An overwhelming majority of Wisconsinites support restoring #Roe and legalizing marijuana.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • December 2, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on October 19, 2022 in Campaign ad: If a 12-year-old girl became pregnant because of rape or incest, \"Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • October 21, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on April 14, 2021 in Twitter: “Regulating and taxing marijuana—much like we do alcohol—would generate more than $165M in revenue starting in 2022” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By D.L. Davis • May 12, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on September 15, 2020 in a media briefing: “Wisconsin is one of the nine states with the highest rate of infection per capita.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • September 16, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on April 21, 2020 in a Facebook post: Says Wisconsin measures have \"prevented the death of at least 300 Wisconsinites, and perhaps as many as 1,400 lives.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • May 1, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on December 9, 2018 in an interview: \"At least three or four of the pieces that are in\" in the Republican lame- duck legislation, Scott Walker \"has vetoed previously.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Tom Kertscher • December 13, 2018 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on October 10, 2018 in a campaign video: Says Scott Walker supports \"a health care plan that would gut protections for pre-existing conditions.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Tom Kertscher • October 18, 2018 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on August 16, 2018 in a public forum: \"Special education categorical aid\" from the state \"hasn’t been raised in over a decade.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By D.L. Davis • September 20, 2018 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on October 4, 2017 in a video: \"Job creation fell by 70 percent in Wisconsin in 2016\" under Scott Walker. ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Tom Kertscher • October 18, 2017 #### Offices District of Columbia 1800 I Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Florida 801 3rd St. S St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-821-9494 #### People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis #### State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin #### About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters #### RSS Feeds * Recent Articles and Fact-checks * Recent Fact-checks Suggest a Fact-check #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Copyright ©All Rights Reserved Poynter Institute 2020, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization ![\\"\\"](\\" * * * ✕ |
If a 12yearold girl became pregnant because of rape or incest Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby | 3,297 | ..![\\"Icon](\\" ti-2061778-100-depavqhbdekbxhwmiurcgqdhxtpnkiup.jpeg\\") Divine Atheist Unite Minds, Challenge Ideas Follow 20.1K20.1K I prayed for Roe v. Wade to be overturned, and so it was. How do atheists explain this? Submission accepted by Tamer Aydogdu · See parent question Answer Request Follow · 9911 100+ Answers Sort Recommended ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-156000240-50-deupshqivslocrqbwmcczejtkzpwerrh.jpeg\\") Don Daniels Former Republican. Trump & MConnell made me switch (1974–2020) · Updated 2y I’ll go with Napoleon’s explanation. At a state dinner, someone mentioned to Napoleon that in a battle, both sides pray to their God for victory and it’s usually the same God. How does God decide who should win? Napoleon replied that in his experience, God invariably favors the side with the most artillery. IOW, your prayer doesn’t make the difference. The number of conservatives on the court does. EDIT: I have received dozens of nasty replies directed at me which were obviously intended for the original questioner, accusing me of all manner crazy theist nonsense, as though I am the one prayed for Continue Reading I’ll go with Napoleon’s explanation. At a state dinner, someone mentioned to Napoleon that in a battle, both sides pray to their God for victory and it’s usually the same God. How does God decide who should win? Napoleon replied that in his experience, God invariably favors the side with the most artillery. IOW, your prayer doesn’t make the difference. The number of conservatives on the court does. EDIT: I have received dozens of nasty replies directed at me which were obviously intended for the original questioner, accusing me of all manner crazy theist nonsense, as though I am the one prayed for Roe v Wade to be overturned. In fact, I was hoping it would not be. I am pro-choice. I believe that decision, of whether to terminate or not, is up to the pregnant woman and her doctor. (Not even her spouse, unless she wants to consider his input.) And I do realize that if the decision were left up to my mother alone at the time, I would not exist. She had already had one difficult pregnancy and did not want another, but my dad wanted a son to name after himself. He had already named my sister after himself, but that wasn’t enough; he still wanted a son. (That wasn’t enough, either. He wanted me to name my son after him, too. Wasn’t happening.) But I digress. I was only answer answering the question, which was about how atheists might explain that some who prayed for this got what they prayed for, by drawing the parallel to each side in a battle praying for victory over the other. I have a fairly unique position regarding theism, which is that I’m prepared to give any of the thousands of deities man has believed in over the millennia the benefit of the doubt but only as to their existence alone. For all I know they, might have been real: roving narcissist con-men space aliens taking advantage of primitive tribes and peoples, or an extinct race of superhumans. I have no evidence at all that they didn’t exist, and I frankly don’t really care if they did or not. So, they want to offer Pascal’s wager? Fine. I’ll take Pascal’s wager but rather than say none of them existed, or play favorites with their deity, I will acknowledge that they ALL might have existed. But with that said, I see no reason whatsoever to worship any of them. 5.9K5.9K 96 ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-1683134066-50-ipejfvfgiwmvkzausskpjjudzmdzhsdf.jpeg\\") Derek W London Former Aged scholar and global traveler. (1976–2004) · Updated 1y When abortion was illegal in the past, back street butchers mutilated girls and women desperate not to have a child. When legal safe clinical termination of pregnancy became available in the better educated and most humanitarian nations, girls and women who had wealth travelled to those countries while the poor still used the back street butchers. Where safe termination of pregnancy is now abandoned in the USA, the wealthy will travel out of state and the poor will find a back street abortionists with often tragic results for those sad and desperate girls you are triumphant about condemning to a Continue Reading When abortion was illegal in the past, back street butchers mutilated girls and women desperate not to have a child. When legal safe clinical termination of pregnancy became available in the better educated and most humanitarian nations, girls and women who had wealth travelled to those countries while the poor still used the back street butchers. Where safe termination of pregnancy is now abandoned in the USA, the wealthy will travel out of state and the poor will find a back street abortionists with often tragic results for those sad and desperate girls you are triumphant about condemning to a dreadful fate. I hope the backward barbarian religionists are proud of the dreadful options they have now imposed on decent honest fellow citizens who happen to be female? I don\'t know how you sleep at night with what is now imposed upon the women you do not respect and are attempting to subjugate again. 999109 ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-63231143-50-niihecxsuukxkkbqsvfnaeqdfaajxsyl.jpeg\\") Kevin Wright Born in 1977, atheist since 1977 · Updated 2y There’s nothing to be explained besides “two things happened at roughly the same time” and “confirmation bias”. You might as well “explain” how global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations soared with the decline in naval piracy. Also, the reason you prayed is because you already knew it was under judicial review, so there’s an element of putting the cart before the horse here. What I consider to be - by far - the more interesting question is whether or not you\'ve been praying for an end to world hunger, for the coronavirus pandemic to be over, or for Russia to end their invasion of Ukraine Continue Reading There’s nothing to be explained besides “two things happened at roughly the same time” and “confirmation bias”. You might as well “explain” how global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations soared with the decline in naval piracy. Also, the reason you prayed is because you already knew it was under judicial review, so there’s an element of putting the cart before the horse here. What I consider to be - by far - the more interesting question is whether or not you\'ve been praying for an end to world hunger, for the coronavirus pandemic to be over, or for Russia to end their invasion of Ukraine. If not, then why not? And if you have, I want to know how you explain that none of those things have happened. 999132 View 96 other answers on parent question Related questions Being our country is so diverse in regards to religion, why don\'t we force schools to have a Koran and the Tora in every classroom like the Christians of Texas have done with their Christian Bible? Which religion should I choose, Islam or Christianity? Why? Allah of Quran (AoQ) says Christians and Jews should provide proof if they claim only Jews or Christians would enter paradise (Quran 2.111). Atheists have been asking for a proof of existence of AoQ (or any other god). Why is AoQ not responding? Why did the Jews keep their faith to themselves while Christians and Muslims spread it? Was it because Christians and Muslims were holier and wanted to save the atheists and heretics from God\'s wrath for daring to ignore His presence and grace? Hadith says a man saw the antichrist before he became Muslim, but why did God show him the antichrist exclusively? I mean, why do those paranormal things happen only in places far from the public? Why doesn\'t a sign come from God to us? Is Christianity a way people can fool themselves that they can cheat death? Why does Judaism emphasize how Jews are different from the \"immoral\" pagans when the Torah describes them acting just as immoral as the Canaanites they genocided? Is there a difference in believing in a god and believing in fiat money? Do genuine atheists (godless atheists) seek to convert nonbelievers (identifying as atheists) to become genuine atheists so that they may confront the religionists, advocates of theocracy? Overall, for all living beings, do you believe that our planet, Earth, is a heaven or a hell? Do you believe in the ideas of heaven and hell? Are your prayers answered by God? Atheists say that there is overwhelming evidence for common descent of all living things? How do these atheists know that what they are looking at is not really evidence of common design? After all, God could be the author of the genetic code. Why do atheists refuse to believe that God exists when there is undeniable proof in the Bible that he does exist? Are atheists just in denial? How do you reconcile your belief in God with the possibility that we live in a simulation? About · Careers · Privacy · Terms · Contact · Languages · Your Ad Choices · Press · © Quora, Inc. 2024 |
If a 12yearold girl became pregnant because of rape or incest Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby | 3,297 | The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Stand up for the facts! Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy. We need your help. More Info ### I would like to contribute One Time Monthly Yearly Join Now ### Latest Fact-checks on Tony Evers * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on June 11, 2024 in X, formerly Twitter: Wisconsin had a “record-breaking year” for tourism in 2023. ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Hope Karnopp • June 28, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on February 11, 2024 in TV interview: “We\'re having the largest classes of correctional officers we\'ve ever had before.” ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Sophia Voight • March 6, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on January 23, 2024 in Speech: “In April last year, our state unemployment rate hit a record low of 2.4%. Last year, Wisconsin had an all-time lowest number of unemployed workers ever in modern history.” ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Sophia Voight • February 2, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on March 8, 2023 in Twitter: The money for upgrades to the Milwaukee Brewers stadium in Evers’ budget is \"a bipartisan plan.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By D.L. Davis • March 28, 2023 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on December 27, 2022 in Twitter: \"During my time in office, we\'ve increased per pupil aid by more than $300 per student. Now, our schools have returned to the top 10 in the country after falling to 17 under the previous administration.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By D.L. Davis • February 7, 2023 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on December 28, 2022 in Twitter: “Wisconsin is the nation’s top cranberry producer — in fact, our farmers harvest around 60 percent of the country’s crop.” ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Laura Schulte • February 2, 2023 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on November 14, 2022 in Twitter: “An overwhelming majority of Wisconsinites support restoring #Roe and legalizing marijuana.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • December 2, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on October 19, 2022 in Campaign ad: If a 12-year-old girl became pregnant because of rape or incest, \"Tim Michels would force her to deliver the baby.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • October 21, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on October 6, 2022 in Campaign email: Says “Tim Michels wants to defund public education — calling it ‘the definition of insanity’ to continue to fund public schools.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Madeline Heim • October 17, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on July 24, 2022 in TV interview: \"We are number one in the country as far as our spending (COVID-19 relief) money on businesses as it relates to the percentage of federal funds that we receive.\" ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By D.L. Davis • August 16, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on June 13, 2022 in Campaign email: “Wisconsin\'s archaic abortion ban is older than 20 states.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Laura Schulte • June 22, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on January 13, 2022 in News release: Says he has issued more pardons than “any Wisconsin governor in contemporary history.” ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Alan Hovorka • February 15, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on September 22, 2021 in Public statement: On tax cuts and repealing Wisconsin’s personal property tax on businesses. ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" flip.jpg\\") By D.L. Davis • October 5, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on April 14, 2021 in Twitter: “Regulating and taxing marijuana—much like we do alcohol—would generate more than $165M in revenue starting in 2022” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By D.L. Davis • May 12, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on April 21, 2021 in Twitter: A new state agreement with Foxconn “will save Wisconsin taxpayers $2.77 billion.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Haley BeMiller • April 30, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on March 30, 2021 in Twitter: “It took the Legislature nearly 300 days to act on a (COVID-19) bill during this pandemic.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • April 2, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on March 14, 2021 in TV interview: “There’s still (only) a handful of school districts\" doing no in-person instruction. ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Madeline Heim • March 29, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on January 12, 2021 in Speech: \"The Legislature spent the last decade passing laws deliberately making it even harder for people to access these critical supports when they need it most, exacerbating the problems with our already-outdated system.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Laura Schulte • February 2, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on January 12, 2021 in Speech: \"We put $330 million in general school aids — the largest in more than a decade.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Haley BeMiller • January 26, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on September 15, 2020 in a media briefing: “Wisconsin is one of the nine states with the highest rate of infection per capita.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • September 16, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on April 21, 2020 in a Facebook post: Says Wisconsin measures have \"prevented the death of at least 300 Wisconsinites, and perhaps as many as 1,400 lives.\" ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • May 1, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on January 26, 2020 in a TV interview: On whether the state should use surplus funds for ongoing expenses. ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" flip.jpg\\") By Haley BeMiller • March 17, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on January 22, 2020 in the State of the State: “I delivered on my campaign promise for a 10% tax cut for Wisconsin families.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • February 12, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on November 13, 2019 in a public forum: On whether he can release one day’s worth of emails. ![\\"full-flop\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"full-flop\\"](\\" flop.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • December 27, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on November 21, 2019 in a veto message: Says a Republican bill he vetoed would have implemented a \"mandate\" to make public the names of all students’ parents or guardians. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Eric Litke • December 3, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on August 20, 2019 in a tweet: \"1 out of every 4 car accidents in the U.S. is caused by texting and driving.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Eric Litke • August 28, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on April 3, 2019 in a tweet: \"More than a million Wisconsinites have voted to raise their own property taxes because Republicans have failed to fully fund our public schools for the past eight years.\" ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • May 17, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on February 19, 2019 in a TV interview: On phasing out the private-school voucher program in his first budget ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" flip.jpg\\") By Mica Soellner • March 12, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on February 28, 2019: On not pursuing higher taxes ![\\"full-flop\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"full-flop\\"](\\" flop.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • March 5, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Tony Evers stated on February 18, 2019 in a news release: \"Drug-related offenses make up as much as 75-85 percent of inmate populations\" in Wisconsin ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Eric Litke • February 22, 2019 * Next #### Offices District of Columbia 1800 I Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Florida 801 3rd St. S St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-821-9494 #### People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis #### State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin #### About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? 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Marks and Spencer MS announced golden ticket giveaways on the occasion of the Christmas | 3,298 | * Facebook * Twitter * Youtube * Instagram * Subscribe ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Navigate * ![](\\" * Stories 1. India 2. Infographics 3. Politics 4. Fact Check 5. Elections 6. Business 7. Crime 8. Life Featured ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-351x221.jpg\\") ## Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances By Suresh DeepalaOctober 2, 2024 __0 Recent ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-103x65.jpg\\") Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances October 2, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Rate_Image-103x65.jpg\\") PLFS Data: Reported Number of Average Working Hours A Week for Men Was Consistently Over 50 Hours September 30, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Modi-featured-image-103x65.jpeg\\") Data: Between 1999 & 2024, Indian Prime Ministers Visited 79 Different Countries September 27, 2024 __0 * Elections * Fact Checks * English * Telugu * Coronavirus * Others * Videos * Data Tools * Data Dashboards * Counting India * About Us * Our Story * Team * Fact Checking * Fact Check Methodology * Fact-Check Team * Non-partisanship Policy * Corrections Policy * FAQ’s * Contact Us * Subscribe * Careers * Compliance of IT Rules 2021 * Privacy Policy * GOVT. DATA ROUNDUP ![\\"\\"](\\" giveaways-as-part-of-Christmas-celebrations-Thumbnail-702x336.jpg\\") English, Fake News # This purported ‘M&S’ promotional message offering golden ticket giveaways as part of Christmas celebrations is fake 0 By Dilip Kumar Sripada on November 10, 2022 * A A A Twitter Facebook Reddit A Facebook page named ‘Marks and Spencer Fans’ shared a post claiming that the Marks and Spencer (M&S) company announced golden ticket giveaways on the occasion of the Christmas. Sharing it as a message from M&S Chief Marketing Officer, Sarah Louise, this post claims that M&S announced golden ticket envelopes to the first 500 people who shared this message in two active groups in the next 24 hours. This post shared a collage of images showing people holding golden ticket envelopes rewarded by M&S Food. According to the post, each rewarded golden ticket envelope will offer a discount of £500 at all M&S shopping stores. Also, a caution note is provided below the post alerting people about impersonators who provide dodgy links and allure fake prizes on the internet. Let’s verify the claim made in the post. ![\\"\\"](\\" giveaways-as-part-of-Christmas-celebrations-Claim.jpg\\") > Claim: Marks and Spencer (M&S) announced golden ticket giveaways on the > occasion of the Christmas. > > Fact: Sharry Cramond is the Chief Marketing Officer of M&S Food, and she did > not announce any such ‘Golden Ticket Christmas Giveaway’ recently on any of > her social media handles or on the M&S social media handles. There is no > Marketing Officer with the name Sarah Louise working at M&S. In 2020, when > another fan page of M&S posted similar golden ticket giveaways quoting it as > a message from the Manager of M&S, M&S clarified it as a scam. M&S Food did > offer golden ticket giveaways to customers in the past during the launch of > their new stores in the UK. But lately, they did not announce any such > golden ticket giveaways as part of the Christmas celebrations. Hence, the > claim made in the post is FALSE. When we searched to check whether the Marks and Spencer (M&S) company had announced any such golden ticket giveaways on the occasion of the Christmas, we could not find any such announcements on the official website or on the social media handles of M&S. On observing the photos carefully, one could see the text ‘M&S Food’ on all of the golden ticket envelopes shown in these pictures. In one of these pictures, the text on a golden ticket states, “We’re delighted to welcome you to our M&S NEWARK MALTINGS.” And in another picture, it was stated that the golden ticket was valid till 04 October 2018. So, it can be concluded that the pictures show old golden ticket envelopes issued by M&S Food. ![\\"\\"](\\" giveaways-as-part-of-Christmas-celebrations-Image-1.jpg\\") When we searched for further details, we found that the present Marketing Director of M&S Food is Sharry Cramond. Lately, Sharry Cramond did not announce any such Golden Ticket Christmas Giveaway on any of her social media handles. In the latest press release issued related to the Christmas Food Advertisement and the 2022 campaign for Christmas shopping, M&S did not announce any such golden ticket giveaways as part of the Christmas celebrations. These press releases can be seen here and here. No Marketing officer by the name of Sarah Louise is working at the M&S company. ![\\"\\"](\\" giveaways-as-part-of-Christmas-celebrations-Image-2-1024x263.jpg\\") In 2020, when a fan page Facebook account of M&S posted similar golden ticket giveaways while quoting it as a message from the Manager of M&S, M&S through a tweet clarified it as a scam message. Several scam alert pages alerted about these fraudulent posts alluring golden ticket giveaways. Even many users in the comment section of the post said that the message is a scam. > Hi Jonathan – we are aware of this and yes, it is a scam unfortunately. We > have let the right team know about it and necessary action will be taken. > Thanks for reaching out to us! Mike. > > — M&S (@marksandspencer) November 19, 2020 The Marks and Spencer (M&S) company offered golden ticket giveaways to the first 200 customers during the launch of their M&S Foodhall stores at Abbey Centre, Archway and other stores in the UK. News articles that reported on these golden ticket giveaways issued by M&S Food can be seen here, here and here. But lately, M&S company did not announce any such golden ticket giveaways as part of the Christmas celebrations. ![\\"\\"](\\" giveaways-as-part-of-Christmas-celebrations-Image-4.jpg\\") To sum it up, this purported ‘M&S’ promotional message offering golden ticket giveaways as part of Christmas celebrations is fake. ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Share. Twitter Facebook Google+ Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email __Previous Articleఅసందర్భంగా క్లిప్ చేసిన వీడియోలని జాతచేస్తూ చిన జీయర్ స్వామి చేసిన వ్యాఖ్యలను ‘సెల్ఫ్ గోల్’ అంటూ ప్రచారం చేస్తున్నారు Next Article __తమిళ సంగీతకారుడు అరివు ఆస్కార్ అవార్డు గెలుచుకున్నాడు అని తప్పుడు వార్తా కథనాలు ప్రచురించారు ### About Author ![\\"\\"](\\" Dilip Kumar Sripada ### Related Posts పోలీసు అధికారి భక్తులను తోసివేస్తున్న వీడియో తిరుమలది కాదు There is no such contraindication saying Women can’t take COVID vacc... ఖమ్మం ప్రకాష్ నగర్ వంతెనపై వరదల్లో చిక్కుకున్న వారిని జేసీబీ డ్రైవర్... 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Film actor Sylvester Stallone died in November 2022 | 3,299 | Become a Member ![\\"snopes](\\"/design/images/logo-main.png\\"/) Search My Profile Logout Submit a Rumor Latest Trending News & Politics Entertainment Fact Checks Quiz Sections Latest Trending Fact Checks News Collections More Contact Us Submit a Rumor Archives Quiz FactBot Newsletters About Us Categories News & Politics Entertainment Science & Technology Lifestyle Free accounts support our journalism Become a Member Login My Profile Logout ![\\"republican_symbol\\"](\\"/design/images/republican_symbol.png\\"/) Snopes fact-checked the vice presidential debate live! Read more here ![\\"democrat_symbol\\"](\\"/design/images/democrat_symbol.png\\"/) Fact Check # Sylvester Stallone Is Not Dead, Despite \'Last Regret\' Death Hoax ## Here\'s what we found when we went searching for the latest death hoax for the film star. ### Jordan Liles ### Published Dec. 7, 2022 ![\\"Sylvester](\\" Sylvester Stallone visits SiriusXM at SiriusXM Studios on Nov. 11, 2022 in New York City. (Photo by Jamie McCarthy/Getty Images) Claim: Film actor Sylvester Stallone died in November 2022. Rating: False About this rating On Nov. 22, 2022, a YouTube video was uploaded that claimed film actor Sylvester Stallone was dead. The video title read, \"5 minutes ago, legendary actor Sylvester Stallone is saying goodbye, along with his last regret.\" However, this was nothing more than the latest death hoax for Stallone, who previously was said to have been killed in a car accident in Australia in 2014 and or died of prostate cancer in 2016. ![\\"Sylvester](\\" Advertisement: Despite the misleading video, which had so far received more than 173,000 views, we found no credible reporting that said Stallone was dead, nor did we locate any information about him being sick, injured, or hospitalized. In reality, the 76-year-old actor was busy promoting his new Paramount+ series, \"Tulsa King.\" In the days after the YouTube video went up, similar death hoaxes for Stallone also appeared on Facebook. One such video post said, \"With a heavy heart at the tearful farewell to Legendary actor Sylvester Stallone, goodbye Stallone.\" ![\\"Sylvester](\\" Advertisement: Another Facebook post was captioned with a death hoax about fellow film actor Bruce Willis, but featured a link to a different story about Stallone. This led us to believe that the people behind the videos and posts about Stallone also created recent hoaxes about Willis, \"America\'s Got Talent\" judge Simon Cowell, reality TV star Amy Roloff, Hollywood icons Clint Eastwood and Julia Roberts, and country music star Alan Jackson, all of which we covered with separate stories. ![\\"Sylvester](\\" Advertisement: As we noted in our previous articles about the other celebrities, the links from the Facebook posts led to misleading reporting that showed pop-up ads. Those pop-up ads led to malware, which appeared to be the goal of the people involved in pushing the death hoaxes. We strongly recommend against clicking links, especially strange pop-up ads, on suspect websites that readers have never visited before. With these kinds of death hoaxes, we advise that readers proceed with caution before believing in them, or sharing them. If a purported death announcement on social media mentions \"very sad news,\" a \"tearful farewell,\" or a \"last regret,\" and shows a strange picture next to a casket or other images that don\'t look legitimate, it\'s probably a hoax. #### Sources Ibrahim, Nur. \"Why Are Online Death Hoaxes so Popular?\" Snopes, 22 Sept. 2022, Jones, Tamera. \"Sylvester Stallone Talks \'Tulsa King\' and How He Made the Character His Own.\" Collider, 17 Nov. 2022, stallone-tulsa-king-interview/. Liles, Jordan. \"Alan Jackson Is Not Dead, Despite \'Sad News\' Facebook Death Hoax.\" Snopes, 5 Dec. 2022, death-hoax/. \---. \"Amy Roloff Is Not Dead, Despite \'Sad News\' Death Hoax on Facebook and YouTube.\" Snopes, 21 Nov. 2022, roloff-death-hoax/. \---. \"Bruce Willis Is Not Dead, Despite \'Very Sad News\' Facebook Death Hoax.\" Snopes, 17 Nov. 2022, death-hoax/. \---. \"Clint Eastwood Is Not Dead, Despite \'Sad News\' Facebook Death Hoax.\" Snopes, 6 Dec. 2022, death-hoax-2022/. \---. \"Julia Roberts Is Not Dead, Despite \'Sad News\' Facebook Death Hoax.\" Snopes, 5 Dec. 2022, hoax/. \---. \"Simon Cowell Is Not Dead, Despite \'Very Sad News\' Death Hoax.\" Snopes, 1 Dec. 2022, hoax/. Mikkelson, David. \"Sylvester Stallone Death Hoax.\" Snopes, 26 Aug. 2014, Snopes Staff. \"Sylvester Stallone Death Hoax.\" Snopes, 1 Sept. 2016, ### By Jordan Liles Jordan Liles is a Senior Reporter who has been with Snopes since 2016. ## Article Tags Death Hoax Sylvester Stallone Recommendations Advertisement: ![\\"Snopes.com\\"](\\"/design/images/logo-main.png\\") Company About Us FAQs Contact Us Submit a Topic Navigate Home Search Archive Newsletters Random Sections Latest Top Fact Checks News Account Join Login Game FactBot Like Us on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter © 1995 - 2024 by Snopes Media Group Inc. This material may not be reproduced without permission. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com Terms of Use Privacy Policy DMCA Policy |
Film actor Sylvester Stallone died in November 2022 | 3,299 | Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file ![\\"\\"](\\"/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png\\") ![\\"Wikipedia\\"](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark- en.svg\\") ![\\"The](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline- en.svg\\") Search Search * Donate Appearance * Create account * Log in Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk ## Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1 Early life and education * 2 Film and stage career Toggle Film and stage career subsection * 2.1 1968–1976: early roles to breakthrough * 2.2 1978–1999: subsequent success * 2.3 2000–2005: declining years * 2.4 2006–present: return to success * 2.4.1 Upcoming projects * 3 Multiple tasks in media * 4 Personal life Toggle Personal life subsection * 4.1 Marriages and children * 4.2 Family and friends * 4.3 Injuries * 4.4 Legal issues * 4.5 Views and beliefs * 5 Acting credits and accolades * 6 Bibliography * 7 References * 8 External links Toggle the table of contents # Sylvester Stallone 106 languages * Afrikaans * العربية * Aragonés * Asturianu * Azərbaycanca * تۆرکجه * বাংলা * 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú * Беларуская * Беларуская (тарашкевіца) * Bikol Central * Български * Bosanski * Brezhoneg * Català * Чӑвашла * Čeština * Cymraeg * Dansk * Deutsch * Eesti * Ελληνικά * Español * Esperanto * Euskara * فارسی * Fiji Hindi * Français * Gaeilge * Gaelg * Gàidhlig * Galego * ગુજરાતી * 한국어 * Hausa * Հայերեն * हिन्दी * Hrvatski * Ido * Bahasa Indonesia * Íslenska * Italiano * עברית * Jawa * ಕನ್ನಡ * ქართული * Қазақша * Kiswahili * Kurdî * Кыргызча * Latina * Latviešu * Lietuvių * Magyar * Македонски * Malagasy * മലയാളം * मराठी * მარგალური * مصرى * Bahasa Melayu * Монгол * Nederlands * 日本語 * Norsk bokmål * Norsk nynorsk * Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча * ਪੰਜਾਬੀ * پنجابی * پښتو * Polski * Português * Română * Runa Simi * Русский * Саха тыла * Scots * Shqip * Simple English * Slovenčina * Slovenščina * کوردی * Sranantongo * Српски / srpski * Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски * Sunda * Suomi * Svenska * Tagalog * தமிழ் * తెలుగు * ไทย * Тоҷикӣ * Türkçe * Українська * اردو * Vèneto * Vepsän kel’ * Tiếng Việt * Winaray * 吴语 * ייִדיש * Yorùbá * 粵語 * Zazaki * 中文 Edit links * Article * Talk English * Read * View source * View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * View source * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Get shortened URL * Download QR code * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects * Wikimedia Commons * Wikiquote Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia American actor and filmmaker (born 1946) \"Stallone\" redirects here. For other people with this name, see Stallone (name). Sylvester Stallone --- ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Sylvester_Stallone_Cannes_2019.jpg/220px- Sylvester_Stallone_Cannes_2019.jpg\\")Stallone in 2019 Born| (1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 78)New York City, U.S. Other names| * Sylvester Enzio Stallone[1] * \"Sly\" Stallone Occupations| * Actor * film director * screenwriter * producer Years active| 1968–present Works| Filmography Spouses| Sasha Czack (m. 1974; div. 1985) Brigitte Nielsen (m. 1985; div. 1987) Jennifer Flavin (m. 1997) Children| 5, including Sage and Sistine Parents| * Frank Stallone Sr. * Jackie Stallone Relatives| Frank Stallone (brother) Awards| Full list Website| sylvesterstallone.com Signature Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone (/stəˈloʊn/; born July 6, 1946) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received numerous accolades, including a Golden Globe Award and a Critics\' Choice Award, as well as nominations for three Academy Awards and two BAFTA Awards. Stallone is one of only two actors in history (alongside Harrison Ford) to have starred in a box-office No. 1 film across six consecutive decades.[2][3] Struggling as an actor for a number of years upon moving to New York City in 1969, Stallone found gradual work in films such as The Lords of Flatbush (1974). He achieved his greatest critical and commercial success starting in 1976 with his iconic role as boxer Rocky Balboa in the first film of the successful Rocky franchise, which he also wrote.[4] In 1977, he became the third actor in history to be nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor. He portrayed the PTSD-plagued soldier John Rambo in First Blood (1982), a role he would play across five Rambo films (1982–2019). From the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, Stallone would go on to become one of Hollywood\'s highest-paid actors acting in action films such as Cobra (1986), Tango and Cash (1989), Cliffhanger (1993), Demolition Man (1993), and The Specialist (1994). He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1984. Stallone continued his established roles in Rocky Balboa (2006) and Rambo (2008) before launching The Expendables film franchise (2010–present), in which he starred as the mercenary Barney Ross. In 2013, he starred in the successful film Escape Plan and appeared in its sequels. In 2015, he returned to Rocky again with Creed, in which a retired Rocky mentors former rival Apollo Creed\'s son Donnie Creed. The film brought Stallone widespread praise and his first Golden Globe Award, as well as a third Academy Award nomination, having been first nominated for the same role 40 years prior. Since 2022, he has starred in the Paramount+ crime series Tulsa King. ## Early life and education Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone[5][6][7] was born in the Hell\'s Kitchen neighborhood of New York City\'s Manhattan borough[8] on July 6, 1946,[9] the elder son of women\'s professional wrestling promoter Jacqueline \"Jackie\" Stallone (née Labofish; 1921–2020) and hairdresser Francesco \"Frank\" Stallone Sr. (1919–2011).[10] His mother was an American from Washington, D.C., with Breton French[11] and Ukrainian Jewish ancestry,[12][13][14] while his father was an Italian immigrant from Gioia del Colle[10] who moved to the U.S. in the 1930s.[15][16] His younger brother is actor and musician Frank Stallone.[10] Many biographies of Stallone indicate that his birth name is \"Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone\" and his mother explained in an interview that she originally named him \"Tyrone\" because she admired the actor Tyrone Power, but Stallone\'s father changed it to \"Sylvester\". His nickname as a child was \"Binky\" but he chose to go by the nickname of Mike/Michael after schoolmates began calling him \"Stinky\".[5][6][7] His middle name \"Gardenzio\" is an alteration of the Italian given name \"Gaudenzio\" and he usually shortened it to \"Enzio\".[1] Complications during Stallone\'s birth forced his mother\'s obstetricians to use two pairs of forceps while delivering him, accidentally severing a nerve in the process.[17][18] This caused paralysis of the lower left side of his face (including parts of his lip, tongue, and chin) which gave him his signature snarling look and slurred speech.[18][19] As a result, he was bullied in his childhood, with which he coped by getting into bodybuilding and acting.[20] A guidance counselor once told Stallone\'s mother: “Your son is suited to run a sorting machine or to be an assistant electrician, primarily in the area of elevator operations\"; nevertheless, Sylvester aspired to be an actor and a screenwriter.”[21] Stallone spent part of his infancy in foster and boarding care, rejoining and moving back with his family to Maryland when he was five. In the early 1950s, his father moved the family to his mother\'s native Washington, D.C. to open a beauty school. In 1954, his mother opened a women\'s gym called Barbella\'s.[22][23] He initially stayed with his father following his parents\' divorce when he was 11, but joined his remarried mother in Philadelphia when he was 15.[24] At one point, Stallone\'s teachers voted him \"Most Likely To End Up In The Electric Chair\";[25] nevertheless, Stallone attended Notre Dame Academy and Abraham Lincoln High School in Philadelphia,[26] and Charlotte Hall Military Academy in Charlotte Hall, Maryland, prior to attending Miami Dade College.[27] He spent two years, from September 1965 to June 1967, at the American College of Switzerland. He returned to the United States to study as a drama major at the University of Miami, from 1967 to 1969.[28] After Stallone\'s request that his acting and life experiences be accepted in exchange for his remaining needed college credits to graduate, he was granted a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree by the University of Miami in 1998.[29][30] ## Film and stage career ### 1968–1976: early roles to breakthrough ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Rocky-Ad-Santa-Ana- Orange-County-Register-Apr%2C01-1977-p-102_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Rocky-Ad- Santa-Ana-Orange-County-Register- Apr%2C01-1977-p-102_%28cropped%29.jpg\\")Stallone as Rocky Balboa with Adrian (Talia Shire) in Rocky (1976) Until 1969, he appeared on the stage under the name Mike Stallone; in 1970, he started using the stage name Sylvester E. Stallone. While attending the University of Miami, Stallone had a role in the drama That Nice Boy (aka The Square Root), filmed in 1968.[31][32][33] Moreover, he and John Herzfeld worked together in 1969 on a low-budget self-produced film called \"Horses\".[34] Stallone had his first starring role in the softcore pornography feature film The Party at Kitty and Stud\'s (1970). He was paid US$200 for two days\' work.[35] Stallone later explained that he had done the film out of desperation after being evicted from his apartment and finding himself homeless for several days. He has also said that he slept three weeks in the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City prior to seeing a casting notice for the film. In the actor\'s words, \"it was either do that movie or rob someone, because I was at the end – the very end – of my rope\".[36] The film was released several years later as Italian Stallion, in order to cash in on Stallone\'s newfound fame (the new title was taken from Stallone\'s nickname since Rocky). Stallone also starred in the erotic off-Broadway stage play Score which ran for 23 performances at the Martinique Theatre from October 28 to November 15, 1971, and was later made into the 1974 film Score by Radley Metzger.[37] After moving to New York City, Stallone shared an apartment with his girlfriend, Sasha Czack, an aspiring actress who supported them by working as a waitress.[38] Stallone took odd jobs around this time, including being a cleaner at a zoo, and a theater usher; he was fired from the latter for scalping tickets. He furthered his writing skills by frequenting a local library, and became interested in the works of Edgar Allan Poe.[39] In 1972, Stallone was on the verge of giving up on having an acting career; in what he later described as a low point, he tried and failed to get a job as an extra in The Godfather.[40][41] Instead, he was relegated to a background role in another Hollywood hit, What\'s Up, Doc?, starring Barbra Streisand. Stallone is hardly visible in his two appearances. Stallone happened to be acting in a play that a friend invited him to partake in, and an agent in attendance thought that Stallone fit the role of Stanley, a main character in The Lords of Flatbush, which had a start-stop schedule from 1972 to 1974 over budget issues.[42] Stallone, around mid-1973, achieved his first proper starring role, in the independent film No Place to Hide, playing a man who is associated with a New York–based urban terrorist movement, with a jewelry-seller as his love interest. The film was re-cut and retitled Rebel years later, this second version featuring Stallone as its star. In 1990, this film was re-edited with outtakes from the original film and newly shot matching footage, then redubbed – in the style of Woody Allen\'s What\'s Up, Tiger Lily? – into a parody of itself titled A Man Called... Rainbo. Stallone\'s other first few film roles were minor, and included brief uncredited appearances in M*A*S*H (1970), as a soldier sitting at a table; Pigeons (1970), as a party guest; Woody Allen\'s Bananas (1971), as a subway thug; in the psychological thriller Klute (1971), as an extra dancing in a club; and in the Jack Lemmon film The Prisoner of Second Avenue (1975), as a youth. In the latter film, Jack Lemmon\'s character chases, tackles, and mugs Stallone, thinking that Stallone\'s character is a pickpocket. He had his second starring role in 1974, in The Lords of Flatbush.[18] In 1975, he played supporting roles in Farewell, My Lovely; Capone; and Death Race 2000. He made guest appearances on the TV series Police Story and Kojak. He is also supposedly in Mandingo. It is often said that his scene was deleted.[43] Stallone gained worldwide fame with his starring role in the smash hit Rocky (1976), a sports drama about a struggling boxer, Rocky Balboa, taking on heavyweight champion Apollo Creed.[18] On March 24, 1975, Stallone saw the Muhammad Ali vs. Chuck Wepner fight. That night Stallone went home, and after three days he had completed the first draft of Rocky.[44] Stallone subsequently denied that Wepner provided any inspiration for the script; however, Wepner filed a lawsuit which was eventually settled with Stallone for an undisclosed amount.[45][46] Other possible inspirations for the film may have included Rocky Graziano\'s autobiography Somebody Up There Likes Me, and the film of the same name. Stallone attempted to sell the script to multiple studios, with the intention of playing the lead role himself. Irwin Winkler and Robert Chartoff became interested and offered Stallone US$350,000 for the rights, but they had their own casting ideas for the lead role, including Robert Redford and Burt Reynolds. Stallone refused to sell unless he played the lead character – and, eventually, after a substantial budget cut to compromise, it was agreed he could be the star.[47] Upon its release, critic Roger Ebert stated that Stallone could become the next Marlon Brando. In 1977, at the 49th Academy Awards, Rocky was nominated for ten Oscars, including Best Actor and Best Original Screenplay nominations for Stallone. The film went on to win the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Directing, and Best Film Editing. Rocky has since been inducted into the National Film Registry and had its props placed in the Smithsonian Museum. Stallone\'s use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps, and the city has a statue of the Rocky character placed permanently near the museum. The character was also voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. ### 1978–1999: subsequent success ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Sylvester_Stallone_-_1977.jpg/170px- Sylvester_Stallone_-_1977.jpg\\")Stallone at the Ken Norton vs. Duane Bobick boxing match in 1977 Stallone made his directorial debut and starred in the 1978 film Paradise Alley, a family drama in which he played one of three brothers who get involved in professional wrestling. That same year, he starred in Norman Jewison\'s F.I.S.T., a social drama in which he plays a warehouse worker, very loosely modeled on James Hoffa, who becomes involved in labor union leadership. In 1979, he wrote, starred, and directed (replacing John G. Avildsen) in Rocky II. The sequel became a major success,[18] grossing US$200 million. In 1981, he starred alongside Michael Caine and soccer star Pelé in Escape to Victory, a sports drama in which he plays a prisoner of war involved in a Nazi propaganda soccer game. That same year, he starred in the thriller Nighthawks, in which he plays a New York city cop who plays a cat-and-mouse game with a foreign terrorist, played by Rutger Hauer. In 1982, Stallone starred as Vietnam veteran John Rambo, a former Green Beret, in the action film First Blood,[18] an adaptation of the eponymous novel by David Morell, though the script was significantly altered by Stallone during the film\'s production,[48] which was both a critical and box-office success. Critics praised Stallone\'s performance, saying he made Rambo seem human, as opposed to the way he is portrayed in the book of the same name. It launched the Rambo franchise. That year Rocky III was released in which Stallone wrote, directed, and starred. The second sequel became a box-office success. In preparation for these roles, Stallone embarked upon a vigorous training regimen, which often meant six days a week in the gym and further sit-ups in the evenings. Stallone claims to have reduced his body fat percentage to his all-time low of 2.8% for Rocky III.[49] In 1983, he directed Staying Alive, the sequel to Saturday Night Fever, starring John Travolta. This was the only film Stallone directed that he did not star in. Staying Alive was universally panned by film critics.[50] Despite being a critical failure, Staying Alive was a commercial success. The film opened with the biggest weekend for a musical film ever (at the time) with a gross of $12,146,143 from 1,660 screens.[51][52] Overall, the film grossed nearly $65 million in the US box office against its $22 million budget. Worldwide it grossed $127 million.[53] Though the US box-office intake was significantly less than the $139.5 million[54] earned by Saturday Night Fever, the film nevertheless ranked in the top ten most financially successful films of 1983. During the 1980s, Stallone was considered one of the biggest action film stars in the world,[55] along with Arnold Schwarzenegger. The Schwarzenegger- Stallone rivalry continued for years;[56] they attacked each other in the press, and tried to surpass the other with more on-screen killings and larger weapons.[55] Stallone occasionally attempted, albeit unsuccessfully, roles in different genres. In 1984, he co-wrote and starred alongside Dolly Parton in the comedy film Rhinestone, where he played a wannabe country music singer. For the Rhinestone soundtrack, he performed a song. Stallone turned down the lead male role in Romancing the Stone in order to make Rhinestone instead, a decision he later regretted.[57] In 1985, Stallone continued his success with the Rocky and Rambo franchises with Rocky IV and Rambo: First Blood Part II. Stallone has portrayed these two characters in a total of 13 films. Stallone met former Mr. Olympia Franco Columbu to develop his character\'s appearance for the film Rocky IV, just as if he were preparing for the Mr. Olympia competition. That meant two workouts a day, six days a week.[58] Both films were major financial successes. ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/John_Rambo.jpg/170px- John_Rambo.jpg\\")Stallone as John Rambo in Rambo III (1988) It was around 1985 that Stallone was signed to a remake of the 1939 James Cagney classic Angels with Dirty Faces. The film would form part of his multi- picture deal with Cannon Films and was to co-star Christopher Reeve and be directed by Menahem Golan. The re-making of such a beloved classic was met with disapproval by Variety and horror by top critic Roger Ebert. Cannon opted to make the action film Cobra which was released in 1986 and became a box- office success. It led to the setting up of his production company White Eagle Enterprises.[59] In 1987, he starred in the family drama Over the Top as a struggling trucker who tries to make amends with his estranged son and enters an arm wrestling competition. This was poorly received by critics and was a box-office failure.[60] In 1989, he co-starred alongside Kurt Russell in the buddy cop action film Tango & Cash, which did solid business domestically and overseas, grossing US$57 million in foreign markets and over US$120 million worldwide.[61] Stallone became a boxing promoter in the 1980s. His boxing promoting company, Tiger Eye Productions, signed world champion boxers Sean O\'Grady and Aaron Pryor.[62] Stallone began the 1990s starring in the fifth installment of the Rocky franchise, Rocky V. This film brought back the first film\'s director, John G. Avildsen, and was intended to be the final installment in the series. It was considered a box-office disappointment and received negative reviews.[63] Stallone next appeared in John Landis\' period comedy Oscar which was both a critical and box-office failure.[64] In 1992, he appeared in Roger Spottiswoode\'s action comedy Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot[65] which was also both a critical and box-office disaster. Stallone signed onto the film based on rumors that Schwarzenegger was interested in the lead. Schwarzenegger said that, knowing the script\'s quality was poor, he publicly faked interest in starring for producers to lure Stallone.[55] In 1993, he made a comeback with Renny Harlin\'s action thriller Cliffhanger,[66] which was a success in the US, grossing US$84 million, and worldwide, grossing US$171 million.[67] Later that year, he starred in the futuristic action film Demolition Man directed by Marco Brambilla, co-starring Wesley Snipes and Sandra Bullock.[68] On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 60% based on 42 reviews, with an average rating of 5.43/10. The site\'s consensus reads: \"A better-than-average sci-fi shoot-em-up with a satirical undercurrent, Demolition Man is bolstered by strong performances by Stallone, Snipes, and Bullock.\"[69] The film debuted at No. 1 at the box office.[70][71][72] Demolition Man grossed $58,055,768 by the end of its box- office run in North America and $159,055,768 worldwide.[73] His string of hits continued with 1994\'s The Specialist co-starring Sharon Stone and directed by Luis Llosa, which opened in the U.S. on October 7.[74] While the critical reception was overwhelmingly negative,[75] the film was a commercial success.[76] In its opening weekend it made $14,317,765 and ended up making back its budget with $57,362,582 at the domestic box office while making another $113,000,000 overseas, giving it a worldwide gross of $170,362,582.[77] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sylvester_Stallone_Cannes.jpg/170px- Sylvester_Stallone_Cannes.jpg\\")Stallone at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival In 1995, he played the title character (from the British comic book 2000 AD) in the science fiction action film Judge Dredd. His overseas box-office appeal saved the domestic box-office disappointment of Judge Dredd, which cost almost US$100 million and barely made its budget back, with a worldwide tally of US$113 million. Despite the film\'s poor box-office performance, Stallone signed a three-picture deal with Universal Pictures for $60 million, making him the second star after Jim Carrey to receive $20 million per film. The deal expired in February 2000 without him making any films, however, so he received no payment.[78] That year, he also appeared in the thriller Assassins with Julianne Moore and Antonio Banderas. That same year, Stallone, along with an all-star cast of celebrities, appeared in the Trey Parker and Matt Stone short comedy film \"Your Studio and You\" commissioned by the Seagram Company for a party celebrating their acquisition of Universal Studios and the MCA Corporation. Stallone speaks in his Rocky Balboa voice with subtitles translating what he is saying. At one point, Stallone starts yelling about how can they use his Balboa character, that he left it in the past; the narrator calms him with a wine cooler and calling him \"brainiac.\" In response, Stallone says, \"Thank you very much.\" He then looks at the wine cooler and exclaims, \"Stupid cheap studio!\"[79] In 1996, he starred in the disaster film Daylight as a disgraced former emergency services chief who attempts to rescue survivors of an underground tunnel explosion. Daylight also underperformed at the domestic box office, grossing $33 million, but did better overseas and grossed a total of $158 million worldwide.[80] In 1997, Stallone was cast against type as an overweight sheriff in the crime drama Cop Land in which he starred alongside Robert De Niro and Ray Liotta. The film was critically well-received and was a modest success at the box office, earning $63 million on a $15 million budget, and Stallone\'s performance earned him the Stockholm International Film Festival Best Actor Award. In 1998, he did voice-over work for the animated film Antz, which was a success domestically. ### 2000–2005: declining years In 2000, Stallone starred in the thriller Get Carter, a remake of the 1971 British film of the same name, but the film was poorly received by both critics and audiences. Stallone\'s career declined considerably after his subsequent films Driven (2001), Avenging Angelo (2002) and D-Tox (2002) were also critical and commercial failures. In 2003, he played a villainous role in the third installment of the Spy Kids series: Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over, which was a huge box-office success (almost US$200 million worldwide). Stallone also had a cameo appearance in the 2003 French film Taxi 3 as a passenger. Also that year, Stallone started to regain prominence for his supporting role in the neo-noir crime drama Shade which was only released in a limited fashion but was praised by critics.[81] He was also attached to star and direct a film tentatively titled Rampart Scandal, which was to be about the murder of rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. and the surrounding Los Angeles Police Department corruption scandal.[82] It was later titled Notorious but was shelved.[83] In 2005, alongside Sugar Ray Leonard, he was the co-presenter of the NBC reality television boxing competition series The Contender. That same year he also made a guest appearance in two episodes of the television series Las Vegas. That year, Stallone also inducted professional wrestling icon Hulk Hogan, who appeared in Rocky III as a wrestler named Thunderlips, into the WWE Hall of Fame; Stallone was also the person who offered Hogan the cameo in Rocky III.[84] In August, Stallone released his book Sly Moves which claimed to be a guide to fitness and nutrition as well as a candid insight into his life and works from his own perspective. The book also contained many photographs of Stallone throughout the years as well as pictures of him performing exercises. ### 2006–present: return to success ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sylvester_Stallone_Rocky_VI_2005.JPG/220px- Sylvester_Stallone_Rocky_VI_2005.JPG\\")16 years after filming Rocky V, Stallone reprised his role as Rocky Balboa in 2006. After a three-year hiatus from films, Stallone had a comeback in 2006 with the sixth installment of the Rocky series, Rocky Balboa, which was a critical and commercial hit. After the critical and box-office failure of the previous installment Rocky V, Stallone had decided to write, direct and star in a sixth installment which would be a more appropriate climax to the series. The total domestic box office came to US$70.3 million (and US$155.7 million worldwide).[85] The budget of the film was only US$24 million. His performance in Rocky Balboa has been praised and garnered mostly positive reviews.[86] That year, the development Death Wish remake began, when Stallone announced that he would be directing and starring in a remake of the 1974 film. Stallone said, \"Instead of the Charles Bronson character being an architect, my version would have him as a very good cop who had incredible success without ever using his gun. So when the attack on his family happens, he\'s really thrown into a moral dilemma in proceeding to carry out his revenge.\" He later told the publication that he was no longer involved.[87][88] In a 2009 interview with MTV, though, Stallone stated that he was again considering the project.[89] However the role went to Bruce Willis with Eli Roth as director. Stallone partnered with a beverage company producing an upscale bottled water brand called Sly Water.[90] In 2008, Stallone reprised his other famous role as Rambo with the fourth installment of his other successful film franchise which was titled simply Rambo (John Rambo in some countries where the first film was titled Rambo). The film opened in 2,751 theaters on January 25, 2008, grossing US$6,490,000 on its opening day and US$18,200,000 over its opening weekend. Its box office was US$113,244,290 worldwide with a budget of US$50 million. In July 2009, Stallone made a cameo appearance in the Bollywood film Kambakkht Ishq, where he played himself.[91] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flickr_- _nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_-_Sylvester_Stallone_%2826%29.jpg/170px- Flickr_- _nicogenin_-_66%C3%A8me_Festival_de_Venise_%28Mostra%29_-_Sylvester_Stallone_%2826%29.jpg\\")Stallone in 2009 at the 66th Venice International Film Festival It was announced on December 7, 2010, that Stallone was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the non-participant category.[92] Also that year, Stallone wrote, directed and starred in the ensemble action film The Expendables. The film, which was filmed during summer/winter 2009, was released on August 13, 2010. Joining him in the film were fellow action stars Jason Statham, Jet Li, and Dolph Lundgren, as well as Terry Crews, Mickey Rourke, Randy Couture, Eric Roberts, and Stone Cold Steve Austin, and cameos by fellow \'80s action icons Bruce Willis and Arnold Schwarzenegger.[93] The film took US$34,825,135 in its opening weekend, going straight in at No. 1 in the US box office. The figure marked the biggest opening weekend in Stallone\'s career.[94] In summer 2010, Brazilian company O2 Filmes released a statement saying it was still owed more than US$2 million for its work on the film.[95] In 2011, Stallone provided the voice of a lion in Kevin James\' comedy Zookeeper. The Expendables 2 was released August 17, 2012; the sequel received a positive critical reception of 67% on Rotten Tomatoes,[96] as opposed to the original\'s 41%.[97] As well as returning cast members from the first film, the ensemble cast also included Jean-Claude Van Damme and Chuck Norris. That year, Stallone co-wrote the book for the Broadway musical adaptation of Rocky. In 2013, Stallone starred in the action film Bullet to the Head, directed by Walter Hill, based upon Alexis Nolent\'s French graphic novel Du Plomb Dans La Tete.[98] Also in 2013, he starred in the action thriller Escape Plan, along with Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jim Caviezel, and in the sports comedy drama Grudge Match alongside Robert De Niro, harkening back to the Rocky franchise. Stallone was reported to be developing an English-language remake of the Spanish film No Rest for the Wicked, though the project was shelved.[99][100] That year Stallone was credited as writer for the Jason Statham action film vehicle Homefront. The Expendables 3, the third installment in the ensemble action film series, was released on August 15, 2014. The returning ensemble cast also added Wesley Snipes, Antonio Banderas, Mel Gibson and Harrison Ford. This film was negatively received by both critics and audiences and became the lowest- grossing film in the series.[101] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Sylvester_Stallone_Cannes_2014_2.jpg/170px- Sylvester_Stallone_Cannes_2014_2.jpg\\")Stallone promoting The Expendables 3 at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival In 2015, Stallone reprised his role as Rocky Balboa in a spin-off-sequel film, Creed, which focused on Adonis \"Donnie\" Creed, the son of his deceased friend/rival, Apollo Creed, becoming a professional boxer, played by Michael B. Jordan. The film, directed by Ryan Coogler, received critical acclaim. Portraying the iconic cinematic boxer for the seventh time in a span of 40 years, Stallone\'s portrayal of the character received widespread acclaim and accolades, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor, and his third Academy Award nomination, this time for Best Supporting Actor. In 2017, Stallone appeared in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 as Stakar Ogord / Starhawk, the leader of a Ravagers faction.[102] In 2018, he co-starred in Escape Plan 2: Hades with Dave Bautista which was released straight to home- video. Upon wrapping production, he announced via his social media page that work on Escape Plan 3: Devil\'s Station began immediately thereafter.[103] In July, Stallone announced that he had finished a script for a sequel to Creed, with a plot including the return of Ivan Drago from Rocky IV.[104] That year, Stallone was featured in Derek Wayne Johnson\'s John G. Avildsen: King of the Underdogs, a documentary about director John G. Avildsen.[105] Creed II went into production in March 2018, with a scheduled release on Thanksgiving 2018. Stallone was originally slated to direct before the appointment of Steven Caple Jr., in his feature film directorial debut.[106] Creed II was released in the United States by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on November 21, 2018. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and it went on to debut to $35.3 million in its opening weekend (a five-day total of $55.8 million), marking the biggest debut ever for a live-action release over Thanksgiving.[107][108] On July 23, 2019, in an interview with Variety, Stallone said that a Rocky sequel and prequel are in development. Producer Irwin Winkler said \"We\'re very high on it\" and that negotiations are underway for Stallone to write and star in the feature. \"We\'re very anxious to make it.\" Stallone said the plot of the film would be about Rocky befriending a young fighter who is an undocumented immigrant. \"Rocky meets a young, angry person who got stuck in this country when he comes to see his sister. He takes him into his life, and unbelievable adventures begin, and they wind up south of the border. It\'s very, very timely.\" Stallone said. Stallone also said there are \"ongoing discussions\" about a Rocky prequel television series, which he hopes will land on a streaming service and the series will likely follow a young Rocky Balboa as a professional boxing hopeful. Stallone said producer Irwin Winkler is hesitant on making the series saying that \"There was some conflict there, yes. He felt in his mind that \"Rocky\" was primarily a feature film, and he didn\'t see it as being translated for cable, so there was a big bone of contention.\"[109][110] That year, Stallone hand-picked Derek Wayne Johnson to direct and produce a documentary on the making of the original Rocky, entitled 40 Years of Rocky (2020). The documentary features Stallone narrating behind- the-scenes footage from the making of the film.[111] Stallone formed a film studio named Balboa Productions with Braden Aftergood in March 2018, where Stallone will serve as co-producer for each of their projects. The studio signed a multi-year collaboration deal with Starlight Culture Entertainment to develop projects for film and television.[112] In May 2018, a fifth installment in the Rambo franchise was announced, and in August 2018, Adrian Grünberg was confirmed as the director.[113] Rambo: Last Blood began filming by September 2018, with a script co-written by Stallone, who also reprised his role as Vietnam War veteran John Rambo.[114] The plot centers around Rambo infiltrating a Mexican drug cartel to rescue a family friend\'s daughter.[115] The film, which was released on September 20, 2019, in the United States,[116] grossed $18.9 million in its opening weekend, the best debut of the franchise.[117][118] The film grossed $91 million worldwide against a production budget of $50 million. In late 2020, Stallone lent his voice as Rambo to the fighting video game Mortal Kombat 11, as part of the game\'s 2nd Kombat Pack.[119] In 2021, he voiced King Shark in the DC Extended Universe film The Suicide Squad.[120] In 2022, Stallone starred in Samaritan, a dark interpretation of the superhero genre, from a script written by Bragi Schut.[121] In November 2022, Stallone made his streaming television debut in Tulsa King, in which he plays a Mafia boss. The 9-episode series was created by Taylor Sheridan and Terence Winter and premiered on Paramount+.[122] A second season is in development. In May 2023 Stallone and his immediate family (wife and three daughters) starred in a reality television series The Family Stallone. Seven days after launch, the series was renewed for a second season. That same month, Stallone reprised his role as Stakar Ogord in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3.[123] Sly, a documentary film about Stallone by Thom Zimny, premiered as the closing film of the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival.[124] In October 2023, he reprised role as Barney Ross in Expend4bles, which was a box office and critical failure, becoming the lowest-grossing film in the franchise.[125] #### Upcoming projects Following the releases of Creed II and Rambo V: Last Blood, Balboa Productions has had an extensive production slate. A film depicting the history of Jack \"Galveston Giant\" Johnson, the first African-American boxing heavyweight champion, is in development. The project was announced after Stallone\'s instrumental involvement in helping get Johnson a posthumous pardon from US President Donald Trump.[126] Stallone will later star in the film adaptation of Hunter, a story which had originally been planned as the premise for Rambo V: Last Blood. The story centers around Nathaniel Hunter, a professional tracker who is hired to hunt a half-human beast created as an experiment of a secret agency. The studio has yet to hire a screenwriter. A feature-length adaptation of the biographical novel Ghost: My Thirty Years as an FBI Undercover Agent by Michael McGowan and Ralph Pezzullo about McGowan\'s career of over 50 undercover missions will follow, though there is no screenwriter attached to the project yet. Additionally, a film centered around black ops troops, being written by retired Army Ranger Max Adams, is also in development. Stallone wrote Levon\'s Trade from a book series created by Chuck Dixon, startng as a television adaptation and transitioning into a film project. The television production slate includes a series adaptation of Charles Sailor\'s Second Son being written by Rob Williams.[127] Stallone announced in early May 2020 that a sequel to 1993\'s Demolition Man is in the works: \"I think it\'s coming. We\'re working on it right now with Warner Brothers. It\'s looking fantastic. So, that should come out, that\'s going to happen\".[128] Stallone has continued to express his passion in directing a film on Edgar Allan Poe\'s life, a script he has been preparing for years. He has also mentioned that he would like to adapt Nelson DeMille\'s novel The Lion\'s Game. ## Multiple tasks in media In 1977, for the first Rocky, Stallone became the third man in history to receive the two nominations for best actor and best screenplay, after Charlie Chaplin and Orson Welles.[129] Like the aforementioned he wrote and took on the leading role in the film. Stallone is known for his recurring roles as Rocky Balboa, John Rambo, and Barney Ross. Stallone wrote and starred in all of six Rocky films, while taking on the task of directing in four of the sequels. Stallone starred and co-wrote the five films of the Rambo franchise, and the fourth one he also directed. Stallone wrote, directed and took the lead role in the first installment of The Expendables films. Stallone directed, starred and wrote in Paradise Alley. John Travolta starred in Staying Alive, a sequel of Saturday Night Fever, which Stallone wrote and directed. Stallone wrote and starred in Cobra, and Driven. Stallone co-wrote and starred in F.I.S.T., Rhinestone, Over the Top, Cliffhanger, and Creed II. [_citation needed_] Asked in February 2008 which of the icons (Rocky or Rambo) he would rather be remembered for, Stallone said \"it\'s a tough one, but Rocky is my first baby, so Rocky.\"[130] He also stated that Rocky could be interpreted as the \"conscious\" and Rambo as the \"unconscious\" of the same character.[131] Stallone has occasionally sung in his films. He sang \"Too Close to Paradise\" for Paradise Alley (1978), with the music provided by Bill Conti (who also collaborated with Stallone in prior years, having recorded the famous \"Gonna Fly Now\" theme for his Academy Award-nominated film, Rocky (1976) which was a U.S. No. 1 hit).[132] In Rocky III (1982), Stallone (as Rocky Balboa) sang \"Take Me Back\" to his on-screen wife, Adrian (Talia Shire), as they lay in bed. The song was first performed by singer and younger brother, Frank, who had a small role in the original Rocky. For Rhinestone (1984), Stallone sang such songs as \"Drinkenstein\" as well as duets with his co-star, and actual country music star, Dolly Parton.[133] He also performed two songs when he guest-starred on The Muppet Show in the 1980s, at the height of his career.[134] The last time Stallone sang in a film was in Grudge Match (2013) when he and Robert De Niro performed \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" together.[135] ## Personal life ### Marriages and children ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sylvester_Stallone_Brigitte_Nielsen_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px- Sylvester_Stallone_Brigitte_Nielsen_%28cropped%29.jpg\\")Stallone with then- wife Brigitte Nielsen, President Ronald Reagan, and First Lady Nancy Reagan at the White House in 1985 Stallone has been married three times. He has two sons from his first marriage and three daughters from his third marriage. At age 28, on December 28, 1974, he married Sasha Czack. They had two sons, Sage Moonblood Stallone (1976–2012), who died of heart disease at age 36, and Seargeoh (b. 1979), who was diagnosed with autism at an early age. The couple divorced on February 14, 1985. Stallone married model and actress Brigitte Nielsen on December 15, 1985, in Beverly Hills, California. Their marriage (which lasted two years) and their subsequent divorce were highly publicized by the tabloid press.[136][137][138] In 1988, Stallone met model Jennifer Flavin and they were in a relationship until 1994, when Stallone told her he was having a child with model Janice Dickinson. After the February 1994 birth, DNA tests confirmed he was not the father and Stallone ended his engagement to Dickinson. After a brief 1995 engagement with model Angie Everhart, he and Flavin rekindled their relationship. In May 1997, Stallone and Jennifer Flavin married. The couple has three daughters, Sophia, Sistine, and Scarlet.[139] His daughters were chosen to share the role of Golden Globe Ambassador at the 74th Golden Globe Awards.[140] On August 19, 2022, Palm Beach County records showed that after 25 years of marriage, Jennifer Flavin had filed for \"dissolution of marriage and other relief\".[141][142] On September 23, 2022, the couple reconciled.[143] ### Family and friends Stallone maintains a relationship with his brother Frank who contributed the theme songs to Rambo: First Blood Part II, and Staying Alive. In 1983, Frank\'s song \"Far from Over\", for Staying Alive, reached the #10 U.S. hit. Frank appears in minor roles, bit parts, and provides music in many films starring Sylvester, most notably in the Rocky films, where Frank played a street corner singer and contributed songs.[_citation needed_] Stallone\'s 48-year-old half-sister, Toni Ann Filiti, died of lung cancer on August 26, 2012.[144] Stallone was a close friend of Joe Spinell, but they had a falling out during the shooting of their final collaboration Nighthawks in 1981, and Spinell died in 1989.[145] ### Injuries Known for physically demanding roles and his willingness to do the majority of his own stunts, Stallone has suffered various injuries during his acting career. During the filming of Escape to Victory, he broke a finger trying to save a penalty kick against Pelé.[146] For a scene in Rocky IV, he told Dolph Lundgren, \"Punch me as hard as you can in the chest.\" He later said, \"Next thing I know, I was in intensive care at St. John\'s Hospital for four days. It\'s stupid!\"[147][148] While filming a fight scene with \"Stone Cold\" Steve Austin for The Expendables, he broke his neck and required the insertion of a metal plate.[149] ### Legal issues In February 2001, an exotic dancer named Margie Carr filed a lawsuit against Stallone, accusing him of rape while at a Santa Monica fitness center where they both worked out on February 26, 2000. A lawyer for Stallone denied the claim, saying she sold the story to Globe the month before the lawsuit.[150][151][152] In 2007, customs officials in Australia discovered 48 vials of the synthetic human growth hormone Jintropin in Stallone\'s luggage.[153] In a court hearing on May 15, he pleaded guilty to two charges of possessing a controlled substance.[154] In 2013, it was reported that Stallone paid a $2 million lump-sum settlement alongside a monthly amount and a trust for psychiatric and medical expenses to his half-sister Toni-Ann Filiti in 1987. Filiti threatened to file a lawsuit accusing him of abuse. Representatives for Stallone and Filiti\'s mother Jacqueline Stallone denied the allegations, accusing Filiti of blackmailing him and being a drug addict. However, Filiti\'s son, Edd Filiti, supported the claims, saying his mother \"screamed about\" abuse at the hands of her half- brother \"over and over,\" before her death in 2012.[155][151] In 2016, a report from the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department was published stating that Stallone was accused of sexual assault by a 16-year-old girl while he was shooting a film in Las Vegas in 1986. The teen reportedly said that Stallone, then 40, forced her into a threesome with his bodyguard.[156] A representative for Stallone denied the allegation.[157] Stallone\'s ex-wife, Brigitte Nielsen, later came to his defense, saying that she was with him at the time of the alleged assault. Stallone\'s Over the Top costar David Mendenhall also defended Stallone, denying claims that he introduced Stallone to the girl in question.[158] In November 2017, a woman accused Stallone of sexually assaulting her at his Santa Monica office in the early 1990s. Stallone denied the claim.[159] His attorney revealed the accuser filed a report after an entertainment website declined to pick up the story.[160] Stallone\'s attorneys also stated that while the actor had a consensual relationship with the accuser in 1987, they had two witnesses who refuted the claims.[161] In June 2018, the Los Angeles District Attorney\'s office confirmed an investigation, stating that the Santa Monica Police Department had presented a sex crimes case against Stallone to a special prosecution task force for review.[162] In October 2018, the Los Angeles District Attorney\'s office made the decision not to charge Stallone for the alleged assault, as no witnesses corroborated the allegations. Stallone in turn filed a police report regarding her lying on an official document.[163][164] ### Views and beliefs Stallone was baptized and raised a devout Catholic, but stopped going to church as his acting career progressed. He rediscovered his childhood faith when his daughter was born ill in 1996, and he again became a strict Catholic by late 2006.[165] The same year, he was interviewed by Pat Robertson from the Christian Broadcasting Network\'s 700 Club. He stated that he spent much of his previous time in Hollywood \"losing his way\" because temptation abounded, but later put things \"in God\'s hands\".[166] However, he told GQ magazine in 2010, \"I\'m pretty spiritual; I believe a lot in the spirit of man. I\'m certainly not an atheist... I was baptized Catholic, but I don\'t belong to a structured church. I have no opposition to it. I think there\'s great nuggets of knowledge in there, some wonderful rules to live by. Then the flip side is the amount of agony that\'s caused.\"[167] Stallone has supported several Republican politicians, but does not identify as a member of the Republican Party.[168] He has also donated to the Democratic National Committee and to Democrats such as Joe Biden and Chris Dodd. He is a staunch advocate of gun control despite his otherwise conservative views, and has been described as \"the most anti-gun celebrity in Hollywood\".[169] In 1994, Stallone contributed $1,000 to the campaign of then-Congressman Rick Santorum, who was then running for the Senate in Pennsylvania.[170] In 2008, Stallone endorsed John McCain for that year\'s presidential election. In 2015, upon the advice of a Vedic scholar, Stallone performed a Hindu Tithi Shradh ritual (done for those who died by accident or murder) at Haridwar for his son Sage.[171] In the run-up to the 2016 presidential election, Stallone described Donald Trump as a \"Dickensian character\" and \"larger than life\" but did not endorse Trump or anyone else in the Republican primaries.[168] That same year, he declined an offer to become Chair of the National Endowment for the Arts, citing a desire to work on issues related to veterans.[172] In 2023, Stallone donated $11,600 to independent Senator Kyrsten Sinema\'s re- election campaign in Arizona.[173] Later that year, he and his family spent time with Pope Francis in a private meeting at the Vatican.[174] ## Acting credits and accolades Main articles: Sylvester Stallone filmography and List of awards and nominations received by Sylvester Stallone ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stallone-Hollywood- Star.jpg/220px-Stallone-Hollywood-Star.jpg\\")Stallone\'s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame Over the course of his career Stallone has received a Golden Globe Award from three nominations, a Critics\' Choice Movie Award, a People\'s Choice Award, and international prizes from the César Awards, David di Donatello, and the Venice International Film Festival, as well as nominations for three Academy Awards and two BAFTA Awards. * Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (1984) * International Boxing Hall of Fame (Class of 2010) * Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for Creed (2016) * Heart of Hollywood Award from the Board of Governors of the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (2016)[175] ## Bibliography * Sly Moves. 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September 4, 2009. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2017. 135. **^** Lipp, Chaz (April 9, 2014). \"Blu-ray Review: Grudge Match\". Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2017. 136. **^** Susan Zannos, _Male Fitness Stars of TV and the Movies: Featuring Profiles of Sylvester Stallone, John Travolta, Bruce Willis, and Wesley Snipes_ , Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2000, page 27 137. **^** Broeske, Pat H. (July 23, 1987). \"Stallone Divorce Stops Tabloid Presses\". _Sarasota Herald-Tribune_. Hollywood. Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2015 – via Google News. 138. **^** Gabriel, Trip (August 10, 1997). \"Stallone Seeks a Serious Turn for the Better\". _The New York Times_. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2017. 139. **^** Michelle Miller (January 5, 2017). \"Sylvester Stallone\'s Daughters: What to Know About Miss Golden Globes Sophia, Sistine & Scarlet\". _People_. Archived from the original on September 13, 2023. Retrieved April 23, 2017. 140. **^** D\'Zurilla, Christie (January 8, 2017). \"Who is this year\'s Miss Golden Globe? All three of Sylvester Stallone\'s daughters\". _Los Angeles Times_. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2020. 141. **^** Marr, Madeleine (August 24, 2022). \"They were married 25 years. Now Sly Stallone\'s wife has filed for divorce in Florida\". _Miami Herald_. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022. 142. **^** Whigham, Julius (August 25, 2022). \"Sylvester Stallone divorce: Jennifer Flavin files in county, cites \'waste of marital assets\'\". _Palm Beach Post_. Archived from the original on August 25, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022. 143. **^** VanHoose, Benjamin; Leonard, Elizabeth (September 23, 2022). \"Sylvester Stallone and Wife Jennifer Flavin Reconcile 1 Month After She Filed for Divorce\". _People_. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023. 144. **^** Dillon, Nancy (August 27, 2012). \"Sylvester Stallone\'s half-sister Toni Ann Filiti dies of cancer at 48\". _Daily News_. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013. 145. **^** headgeek. \"Stallone answers December 9th & 10th Questions in a double round – plus Harry\'s Seen ROCKY BALBOA...\" _Aint It Cool News_. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018. 146. **^** \"Premier League predictions: Lawro v Robert De Niro & Sly Stallone\". _BBC Sport_. January 12, 2014. Archived from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved May 23, 2014. 147. **^** The Expendables DVD: Comic-Con 2010 Panel 148. **^** \"Stallone: Lundgren Put Me in Hospital During \'Rocky IV\'\". _Muscle & Fitness_. August 11, 2014. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020. 149. **^** \"Sylvester Stallone injures neck in fight scenes\". _BBC News_. January 6, 2010. Archived from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2010. 150. **^** \"Stallone sued for \'sexual assault\'\". March 8, 2001. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020. 151. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ \"Sylvester Stallone has a history of denying women\'s claims of sexual abuse\". _The Mercury News_. November 17, 2017. Archived from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020. 152. **^** \"Stripper Sues Stallone for Assault\". _ABC News_. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2020. 153. **^** Childs, Dan. \"Will Stallone\'s HGH Secret Start a Trend?\". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008. Retrieved June 29, 2020. 154. **^** \"Sylvester Stallone Pleads Guilty to Bringing Human Growth Hormone Into Australia\". _Fox News_. May 15, 2007. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019. 155. **^** Rogers, Abby (January 24, 2013). \"\'Rocky\' Star Reportedly Shelled Out Big Bucks To Settle Half-Sister\'s Abuse Allegations\". _Business Insider_. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020. 156. **^** Poppa, Doug (November 10, 2017). \"Ask Sylvester Stallone if a 40-year-old man should have group sex with and masturbate in front of a minor\". _Baltimore Post-Examiner_. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2018. 157. **^** Mandell, Andrea (November 17, 2017). \"Rep: Sexual assault claim against Sylvester Stallone \'categorically false\'\". _USA Today_. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2018. 158. **^** \"Sylvester Stallone\'s Ex-Wife Brigitte Nielsen Says Sexual Assault is a Lie\". _TMZ_. November 20, 2017. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2020. 159. **^** \"Sylvester Stallone denies rape as police investigate\". _BBC News_. December 22, 2017. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2018. 160. **^** \"Sexual assault allegation against actor Sylvester Stallone\". _Los Angeles Times_. June 13, 2018. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2020. 161. **^** \"The Los Angeles DA is investigating sexual assault allegations against Sylvester Stallone\". _Los Angeles Times_. June 14, 2018. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2018. 162. **^** \"Sylvester Stallone sex-crime allegation under review by Los Angeles prosecutors\". _USA Today_. June 14, 2018. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2018. 163. **^** \"Accusato di violenza sessuale, Sylvester Stallone non sarà processato\". _Chedonna_ (in Italian). October 31, 2018. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2018. 164. **^** \"Sylvester Stallone – D.A. Rejects 1990 Rape Case\". TMZ. October 30, 2018. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018. 165. **^** \"\'Rocky\' Stallone back in church as new movie in theaters\". _Catholic Online_. Catholic.org. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010. 166. **^** Sylvester Stallone On Faith, Integrity, And Rocky Archived August 24, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. CBNTV. 167. **^** Hainey, Michael (September 2010). \"Yo\". _GQ_. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2010. "Are you a religious man? I\'m pretty spiritual; I believe a lot in the spirit of man. I\'m certainly not an atheist... I was baptized Catholic, but I don\'t belong to a structured church. I have no opposition to it. I think there\'s great nuggets of knowledge in there, some wonderful rules to live by. Then the flip side is the amount of agony that\'s caused, which is, excuse me?" 168. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Setoodeh, Ramin (January 8, 2016). \"Sylvester Stallone on Donald Trump, Republicans and Running for Office\". _Variety_. Los Angeles. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 169. **^** Suebsaeng, Asawin (August 14, 2014). \"Rambo Hates Guns: How Sylvester Stallone Became the Most Anti-Gun Celeb in Hollywood\". _The Daily Beast_. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2016. 170. **^** \"Like Rocky Balboa, Rick Santorum is a working class hero\". _The Telegraph_. March 16, 2016. Archived from the original on January 9, 2012. 171. **^** \"Sylvester Stallone has shradh performed in Haridwar for dead son\". _Hindustan Times_. October 14, 2015. Archived from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021. 172. **^** Desta, Yohana (December 19, 2016). \"Sylvester Stallone Isn\'t Interested in Trump\'s Offer After All\". _Vanity Fair_. Archived from the original on May 23, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2017. 173. **^** Kurtz, Judy (July 27, 2023). \"Celebs throw down cash in closely watched 2024 Senate races\". _the Hill_. Archived from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023. 174. **^** \"The Pope surprises Sylvester Stallone with a punch in Vatican meeting\". Deadline. September 9, 2023. Archived from the original on September 10, 2023. Retrieved September 11, 2023. 175. **^** \"Cedars-Sinai Board Of Governors Gala To Honor Adele & Beny Alagem and Sylvester Stallone\". _The Beverly Hills Courier_. October 10, 2016. ## External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sylvester Stallone. Wikiquote has quotations related to **Sylvester Stallone**. * Official website ![\\"Edit](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\\") * Sylvester Stallone at IMDb * v * t * e Films by Sylvester Stallone --- * Filmography * Awards and nominations * Balboa Productions Written and directed| * _Paradise Alley_ (1978) * _Rocky II_ (1979) * _Rocky III_ (1982) * _Staying Alive_ (1983, also produced) * _Rocky IV_ (1985) * _Rocky Balboa_ (2006) * _Rambo_ (2008) * _The Expendables_ (2010) Written only| * _The Lords of Flatbush_ (1974; additional dialogue) * _Rocky_ (1976) * _F.I.S.T._ (1978) * _First Blood_ (1982) * _Rhinestone_ (1984) * _Rambo: First Blood Part II_ (1985) * _Cobra_ (1986) * _Over the Top_ (1987) * _Rambo III_ (1988) * _Rocky V_ (1990) * _Cliffhanger_ (1993) * _Driven_ (2001, also produced) * _The Expendables 2_ (2012) * _Homefront_ (2013, also produced) * _The Expendables 3_ (2014) * _Creed II_ (2018, also produced) * _Rambo: Last Blood_ (2019) * _Levon\'s Trade_ (2025, also produced) Produced only| * _Creed_ (2015) * _Samaritan_ (2022) * _Creed III_ (2023) Awards for Sylvester Stallone --- | * v * t * e Critics\' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor --- * Kevin Spacey / Ed Harris (1995) * Cuba Gooding Jr. (1996) * Anthony Hopkins (1997) * Billy Bob Thornton (1998) * Michael Clarke Duncan (1999) * Joaquin Phoenix (2000) * Ben Kingsley (2001) * Chris Cooper (2002) * Tim Robbins (2003) * Thomas Haden Church (2004) * Paul Giamatti (2005) * Eddie Murphy (2006) * Javier Bardem (2007) * Heath Ledger (2008) * Christoph Waltz (2009) * Christian Bale (2010) * Christopher Plummer (2011) * Philip Seymour Hoffman (2012) * Jared Leto (2013) * J. K. Simmons (2014) * Sylvester Stallone (2015) * Mahershala Ali (2016) * Sam Rockwell (2017) * Mahershala Ali (2018) * Brad Pitt (2019) * Daniel Kaluuya (2020) * Troy Kotsur (2021) * Ke Huy Quan (2022) * Robert Downey Jr. (2023) * v * t * e David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor --- 1957–1975| * Laurence Olivier (1957) * Marlon Brando / Charles Laughton (1958) * Jean Gabin (1959) * Cary Grant (1960) * Charlton Heston (1961) * Anthony Perkins / Spencer Tracy (1962) * Gregory Peck (1963) * Fredric March / Peter O\'Toole (1964) * Rex Harrison (1965) * Richard Burton (1966) * Richard Burton / Peter O\'Toole (1967) * Warren Beatty / Spencer Tracy (1968) * Rod Steiger (1969) * Dustin Hoffman / Peter O\'Toole (1970) * Ryan O\'Neal (1971) * Chaim Topol (1972) * Yves Montand / Laurence Olivier (1973) * Al Pacino / Robert Redford (1974) * Burt Lancaster / Jack Lemmon / Walter Matthau (1975) 1976–1996| * Jack Nicholson / Philippe Noiret (1976) * Dustin Hoffman / Sylvester Stallone (1977) * Richard Dreyfuss (1978) * Richard Gere / Michel Serrault (1979) * Dustin Hoffman / Jack Lemmon (1980) * Burt Lancaster (1981) * Klaus Maria Brandauer (1982) * Paul Newman (1983) * Woody Allen (1984) * Tom Hulce (1985) * William Hurt (1986) * Dexter Gordon (1987) * Michael Douglas (1988) * Dustin Hoffman (1989) * Philippe Noiret (1990) * Jeremy Irons (1991) * John Turturro (1992) * Daniel Auteuil (1993) * Anthony Hopkins (1994) * John Travolta (1995) * Harvey Keitel (1996) * v * t * e Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture --- 1943–1975| * Akim Tamiroff (1943) * Barry Fitzgerald (1944) * J. Carrol Naish (1945) * Clifton Webb (1946) * Edmund Gwenn (1947) * Walter Huston (1948) * James Whitmore (1949) * Edmund Gwenn (1950) * Peter Ustinov (1951) * Millard Mitchell (1952) * Frank Sinatra (1953) * Edmond O\'Brien (1954) * Arthur Kennedy (1955) * Earl Holliman (1956) * Red Buttons (1957) * Burl Ives (1958) * Stephen Boyd (1959) * Sal Mineo (1960) * George Chakiris (1961) * Omar Sharif (1962) * John Huston (1963) * Edmond O\'Brien (1964) * Oskar Werner (1965) * Richard Attenborough (1966) * Richard Attenborough (1967) * Daniel Massey (1968) * Gig Young (1969) * John Mills (1970) * Ben Johnson (1971) * Joel Grey (1972) * John Houseman (1973) * Fred Astaire (1974) * Richard Benjamin (1975) 1976–2000| * Laurence Olivier (1976) * Peter Firth (1977) * John Hurt (1978) * Melvyn Douglas / Robert Duvall (1979) * Timothy Hutton (1980) * John Gielgud (1981) * Louis Gossett Jr. (1982) * Jack Nicholson (1983) * Haing S. Ngor (1984) * Klaus Maria Brandauer (1985) * Tom Berenger (1986) * Sean Connery (1987) * Martin Landau (1988) * Denzel Washington (1989) * Bruce Davison (1990) * Jack Palance (1991) * Gene Hackman (1992) * Tommy Lee Jones (1993) * Martin Landau (1994) * Brad Pitt (1995) * Edward Norton (1996) * Burt Reynolds (1997) * Ed Harris (1998) * Tom Cruise (1999) * Benicio del Toro (2000) 2001–present| * Jim Broadbent (2001) * Chris Cooper (2002) * Tim Robbins (2003) * Clive Owen (2004) * George Clooney (2005) * Eddie Murphy (2006) * Javier Bardem (2007) * Heath Ledger (2008) * Christoph Waltz (2009) * Christian Bale (2010) * Christopher Plummer (2011) * Christoph Waltz (2012) * Jared Leto (2013) * J. K. Simmons (2014) * Sylvester Stallone (2015) * Aaron Taylor-Johnson (2016) * Sam Rockwell (2017) * Mahershala Ali (2018) * Brad Pitt (2019) * Daniel Kaluuya (2020) * Kodi Smit-McPhee (2021) * Ke Huy Quan (2022) * Robert Downey Jr. (2023) * v * t * e Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor --- 1980s| * Neil Diamond – The Jazz Singer (1980) * Klinton Spilsbury – The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981) * Laurence Olivier – Inchon (1982) * Christopher Atkins – A Night in Heaven (1983) * Sylvester Stallone – Rhinestone (1984) * Sylvester Stallone – Rambo: First Blood Part II and Rocky IV (1985) * Prince – Under the Cherry Moon (1986) * Bill Cosby – Leonard Part 6 (1987) * Sylvester Stallone – Rambo III (1988) * William Shatner – Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989) 1990s| * Andrew Dice Clay – The Adventures of Ford Fairlane (1990) * Kevin Costner – Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) * Sylvester Stallone – Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot (1992) * Burt Reynolds – Cop and a Half (1993) * Kevin Costner – Wyatt Earp (1994) * Pauly Shore – Jury Duty (1995) * Tom Arnold – Big Bully, Carpool, and The Stupids / Pauly Shore – Bio-Dome (1996) * Kevin Costner – The Postman (1997) * Bruce Willis – Armageddon, Mercury Rising, and The Siege (1998) * Adam Sandler – Big Daddy (1999) 2000s| * John Travolta – Battlefield Earth and Lucky Numbers (2000) * Tom Green – Freddy Got Fingered (2001) * Roberto Benigni (dubbed Godzilla-style by Breckin Meyer) – Pinocchio (2002) * Ben Affleck – Daredevil, Gigli, and Paycheck (2003) * George W. Bush – Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) * Rob Schneider – Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo (2005) * Marlon Wayans and Shawn Wayans – Little Man (2006) * Eddie Murphy – Norbit (2007) * Mike Myers – The Love Guru (2008) * Jonas Brothers (Joe, Kevin, and Nick) – Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience (2009) 2010s| * Ashton Kutcher – Killers and Valentine\'s Day (2010) * Adam Sandler – Jack and Jill and Just Go with It (2011) * Adam Sandler – That\'s My Boy (2012) * Jaden Smith – After Earth (2013) * Kirk Cameron – Saving Christmas (2014) * Jamie Dornan – Fifty Shades of Grey (2015) * Dinesh D\'Souza – Hillary\'s America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party (2016) * Tom Cruise – The Mummy (2017) * Donald Trump – Death of a Nation and Fahrenheit 11/9 (2018) * John Travolta – The Fanatic and Trading Paint (2019) 2020s| * Mike Lindell (The \"My Pillow Guy\") – Absolute Proof (2020/21) * LeBron James – Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021) * Jared Leto – Morbius (2022) * Jon Voight – Mercy (2023) * v * t * e Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor --- 1980s| * John Adames – Gloria / Laurence Olivier – The Jazz Singer (1980) * Steve Forrest – Mommie Dearest (1981) * Ed McMahon – Butterfly (1982) * Jim Nabors – Stroker Ace (1983) * Brooke Shields (in a mustache) – Sahara (1984) * Rob Lowe – St. Elmo\'s Fire (1985) * Jerome Benton – Under the Cherry Moon (1986) * David Mendenhall – Over the Top (1987) * Dan Aykroyd – Caddyshack II (1988) * Christopher Atkins – Listen to Me (1989) 1990s| * Donald Trump – Ghosts Can\'t Do It (1990) * Dan Aykroyd – Nothing but Trouble (1991) * Tom Selleck – Christopher Columbus: The Discovery (1992) * Woody Harrelson – Indecent Proposal (1993) * O. J. Simpson – Naked Gun 33+1⁄3: The Final Insult (1994) * Dennis Hopper – Waterworld (1995) * Marlon Brando – The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996) * Dennis Rodman – Double Team (1997) * Joe Eszterhas – An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn (1998) * Ahmed Best – Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) 2000s| * Barry Pepper – Battlefield Earth (2000) * Charlton Heston – Cats & Dogs, Planet of the Apes, and Town & Country (2001) * Hayden Christensen – Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) * Sylvester Stallone – Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (2003) * Donald Rumsfeld – Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) * Hayden Christensen – Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005) * M. Night Shyamalan – Lady in the Water (2006) * Eddie Murphy – Norbit (2007) * Pierce Brosnan – Mamma Mia! (2008) * Billy Ray Cyrus – Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009) 2010s| * Jackson Rathbone – The Last Airbender and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010) * Al Pacino – Jack and Jill (2011) * Taylor Lautner – The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012) * Will Smith – After Earth (2013) * Kelsey Grammer – The Expendables 3, Legends of Oz: Dorothy\'s Return, Think Like a Man Too, and Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014) * Eddie Redmayne – Jupiter Ascending (2015) * Jesse Eisenberg – Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) * Mel Gibson – Daddy\'s Home 2 (2017) * John C. Reilly – Holmes & Watson (2018) * James Corden – Cats (2019) 2020s| * Rudy Giuliani – Borat Subsequent Moviefilm: Delivery of Prodigious Bribe to American Regime for Make Benefit Once Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (2020/21) * Jared Leto – House of Gucci (2021) * Tom Hanks – Elvis (2022) * Sylvester Stallone – Expend4bles (2023) * v * t * e Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Director --- 1980s| * Robert Greenwald – Xanadu (1980) * Michael Cimino – Heaven\'s Gate (1981) * Ken Annakin – The Pirate Movie / Terence Young – Inchon (1982) * Peter Sasdy – The Lonely Lady (1983) * John Derek – Bolero (1984) * Sylvester Stallone – Rocky IV (1985) * Prince – Under the Cherry Moon (1986) * Norman Mailer – Tough Guys Don\'t Dance / Elaine May – Ishtar (1987) * Blake Edwards – Sunset / Stewart Raffill – Mac and Me (1988) * William Shatner – Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989) 1990s| * John Derek – Ghosts Can\'t Do It (1990) * Michael Lehmann – Hudson Hawk (1991) * David Seltzer – Shining Through (1992) * Jennifer Lynch – Boxing Helena (1993) * Steven Seagal – On Deadly Ground (1994) * Paul Verhoeven – Showgirls (1995) * Andrew Bergman – Striptease (1996) * Kevin Costner – The Postman (1997) * Gus Van Sant – Psycho (1998) * Barry Sonnenfeld – Wild Wild West (1999) 2000s| * Roger Christian – Battlefield Earth (2000) * Tom Green – Freddy Got Fingered (2001) * Guy Ritchie – Swept Away (2002) * Martin Brest – Gigli (2003) * Pitof – Catwoman (2004) * John Asher – Dirty Love (2005) * M. Night Shyamalan – Lady in the Water (2006) * Chris Sivertson – I Know Who Killed Me (2007) * Uwe Boll – In the Name of the King, Postal, and Tunnel Rats (2008) * Michael Bay – Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) 2010s| * M. Night Shyamalan – The Last Airbender (2010) * Dennis Dugan – Jack and Jill and Just Go with It (2011) * Bill Condon – The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012) * Elizabeth Banks, Steven Brill, Steve Carr, Rusty Cundieff, James Duffy, Griffin Dunne, Peter Farrelly, Patrik Forsberg, Will Graham, James Gunn, Bob Odenkirk, Brett Ratner, and Jonathan van Tulleken – Movie 43 (2013) * Michael Bay – Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014) * Josh Trank – Fantastic Four (2015) * Dinesh D\'Souza and Bruce Schooley – Hillary\'s America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party (2016) * Tony Leondis – The Emoji Movie (2017) * Etan Cohen – Holmes & Watson (2018) * Tom Hooper – Cats (2019) 2020s| * Sia – Music (2020/21) * Christopher Ashley – Diana the Musical (2021) * Colson Baker and Mod Sun – Good Mourning (2022) * Rhys Frake-Waterfield – Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey (2023) * v * t * e Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screenplay --- 1980s| * Bronte Woodard and Allan Carr – Can\'t Stop the Music (1980) * Frank Yablans, Frank Perry, Tracy Hotchner, and Robert Getchell – Mommie Dearest (1981) * Robin Moore and Laird Koenig – Inchon (1982) * John Kershaw, Shawn Randall, and Ellen Shephard – The Lonely Lady (1983) * John Derek – Bolero (1984) * Sylvester Stallone, James Cameron, and Kevin Jarre – Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985) * Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz – Howard the Duck (1986) * Jonathan Reynolds and Bill Cosby – Leonard Part 6 (1987) * Heywood Gould – Cocktail (1988) * Eddie Murphy – Harlem Nights (1989) 1990s| * Daniel Waters, James Cappe, and David Arnott – The Adventures of Ford Fairlane (1990) * Steven E. de Souza, Daniel Waters, Bruce Willis, and Robert Kraft – Hudson Hawk (1991) * Blake Snyder, William Osborne, and William Davies – Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot (1992) * Amy Holden Jones – Indecent Proposal (1993) * Tom S. Parker, Jim Jennewein, Steven E. de Souza, and various others – The Flintstones (1994) * Joe Eszterhas – Showgirls (1995) * Andrew Bergman – Striptease (1996) * Eric Roth and Brian Helgeland – The Postman (1997) * Joe Eszterhas – An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn (1998) * Jim Thomas, John Thomas, S. S. Wilson, Brent Maddock, Jeffrey Price, and Peter S. Seaman – Wild Wild West (1999) 2000s| * Corey Mandell and J. David Shapiro – Battlefield Earth (2000) * Tom Green and Derek Harvie – Freddy Got Fingered (2001) * George Lucas and Jonathan Hales – Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) * Martin Brest – Gigli (2003) * Theresa Rebeck, John Brancato, Michael Ferris, and John Rogers – Catwoman (2004) * Jenny McCarthy – Dirty Love (2005) * Leora Barish and Henry Bean – Basic Instinct 2 (2006) * Jeffrey Hammond – I Know Who Killed Me (2007) * Mike Myers and Graham Gordy – The Love Guru (2008) * Ehren Kruger, Alex Kurtzman, and Roberto Orci – Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) 2010s| * M. Night Shyamalan – The Last Airbender (2010) * Steve Koren, Adam Sandler, and Ben Zook – Jack and Jill (2011) * David Caspe – That\'s My Boy (2012) * Steve Baker, Ricky Blitt, Will Carlough, Tobias Carlson, Jacob Fleisher, Patrik Forsberg, Will Graham, James Gunn, Claes Kjellstrom, Jack Kukoda, Bob Odenkirk, Bill O\'Malley, Matthew Alec Portenoy, Greg Pritikin, Rocky Russo, Olle Sarri, Elizabeth Wright Shapiro, Jeremy Sosenko, Jonathan van Tulleken, and Jonas Wittenmark – Movie 43 (2013) * Darren Doane and Cheston Hervey – Saving Christmas (2014) * Kelly Marcel – Fifty Shades of Grey (2015) * Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer – Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) * Tony Leondis, Eric Siegel, and Mike White – The Emoji Movie (2017) * Niall Leonard – Fifty Shades Freed (2018) * Lee Hall and Tom Hooper – Cats (2019) 2020s| * Tomasz Klimala, Barbara Białowąs, Tomasz Mandes, and Blanka Lipińska – 365 Days (2020/21) * Joe DiPietro and David Bryan – Diana: The Musical (2021) * Andrew Dominik – Blonde (2022) * Rhys Frake-Waterfield – Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey (2023) * v * t * e Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Combo --- 1990s| * Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt – Interview with the Vampire / Sylvester Stallone and Sharon Stone – The Specialist (1994) * Any combination of two people (or two body parts) – Showgirls (1995) * Demi Moore and Burt Reynolds – Striptease (1996) * Dennis Rodman and Jean-Claude Van Damme – Double Team (1997) * Leonardo DiCaprio and Leonardo DiCaprio (as twins) – The Man in the Iron Mask (1998) * Kevin Kline and Will Smith – Wild Wild West (1999) 2000s| * John Travolta and anyone sharing the screen with him – Battlefield Earth (2000) * Tom Green and any animal he abuses – Freddy Got Fingered (2001) * Adriano Giannini and Madonna – Swept Away (2002) * Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez – Gigli (2003) * George W. Bush and either Condoleezza Rice or his pet goat – Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) * Will Ferrell and Nicole Kidman – Bewitched (2005) * Shawn Wayans and either Kerry Washington or Marlon Wayans – Little Man (2006) * Lindsay Lohan and Lindsay Lohan (as twins) – I Know Who Killed Me (2007) * Paris Hilton and either Christine Lakin or Joel David Moore – The Hottie and the Nottie (2008) * Sandra Bullock and Bradley Cooper – All About Steve (2009) 2010s| * The entire cast of Sex and the City 2 (2010) * Adam Sandler and either Katie Holmes, Al Pacino or Adam Sandler – Jack and Jill / The entire cast of Jack and Jill (2011) * Mackenzie Foy and Taylor Lautner – The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 / The entire cast of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012) * Jaden Smith and Will Smith on planet nepotism – After Earth (2013) * Kirk Cameron and his ego – Saving Christmas (2014) * Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson – Fifty Shades of Grey (2015) * Ben Affleck and Henry Cavill – Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) * Any two obnoxious Emojis – The Emoji Movie (2017) * Donald Trump and \"His Self Perpetuating Pettiness\" – Death of a Nation and Fahrenheit 11/9 (2018) * Any two half-feline/half-human hairballs – Cats (2019) 2020s| * Rudy Giuliani and his pants zipper – Borat Subsequent Moviefilm (2020) * LeBron James and any Warner cartoon character (or Time-Warner product) he dribbles on – Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021) * Tom Hanks and his latex-laden face (and ludicrous accent) – Elvis (2022) * Pooh and Piglet (as Blood-Thirsty Slasher/Killers) – Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey (2023) Between 2010–2012, the category also included Worst Screen Ensemble. * v * t * e Hasty Pudding Men of the Year --- * Bob Hope (1967) * Paul Newman (1968) * Bill Cosby (1969) * Robert Redford (1970) * James Stewart (1971) * Dustin Hoffman (1972) * Jack Lemmon (1973) * Peter Falk (1974) * Warren Beatty (1975) * Robert Blake (1976) * Johnny Carson (1977) * Richard Dreyfuss (1978) * Robert De Niro (1979) * Alan Alda (1980) * John Travolta (1981) * James Cagney (1982) * Steven Spielberg (1983) * Sean Connery (1984) * Bill Murray (1985) * Sylvester Stallone (1986) * Mikhail Baryshnikov (1987) * Steve Martin (1988) * Robin Williams (1989) * Kevin Costner (1990) * Clint Eastwood (1991) * Michael Douglas (1992) * Chevy Chase (1993) * Tom Cruise (1994) * Tom Hanks (1995) * Harrison Ford (1996) * Mel Gibson (1997) * Kevin Kline (1998) * Samuel L. Jackson (1999) * Billy Crystal (2000) * Anthony Hopkins (2001) * Bruce Willis (2002) * Martin Scorsese (2003) * Robert Downey Jr. (2004) * Tim Robbins (2005) * Richard Gere (2006) * Ben Stiller (2007) * Christopher Walken (2008) * James Franco (2009) * Justin Timberlake (2010) * Jay Leno (2011) * Jason Segel (2012) * Kiefer Sutherland (2013) * Neil Patrick Harris (2014) * Chris Pratt (2015) * Joseph Gordon-Levitt (2016) * Ryan Reynolds (2017) * Paul Rudd (2018) * Milo Ventimiglia (2019) * Ben Platt (2020) * Jason Bateman (2022) * Bob Odenkirk (2023) * Barry Keoghan (2024) * v * t * e Honorary César --- 1976–2000| * Ingrid Bergman (1976) * Diana Ross (1976) * Henri Langlois (1977) * Jacques Tati (1977) * Robert Dorfmann (1978) * René Goscinny (1978) * Marcel Carné (1979) * Charles Vanel (1979) * Walt Disney (1979) * Pierre Braunberger (1980) * Louis de Funès (1980) * Kirk Douglas (1980) * Marcel Pagnol (1981) * Alain Resnais (1981) * Georges Dancigers (1982) * Alexandre Mnouchkine (1982) * Jean Nény (1982) * Andrzej Wajda (1982) * Raimu (1983) * René Clément (1984) * Georges de Beauregard (1984) * Edwige Feuillère (1984) * Christian-Jaque (1985) * Danielle Darrieux (1985) * Christine Gouze-Rénal (1985) * Alain Poiré (1985) * Maurice Jarre (1986) * Bette Davis (1986) * Jean Delannoy (1986) * René Ferracci (1986) * Claude Lanzmann (1986) * Jean-Luc Godard (1987) * Serge Silberman (1988) * Bernard Blier (1989) * Paul Grimault (1989) * Gérard Philipe (1990) * Jean-Pierre Aumont (1991) * Sophia Loren (1991) * Michèle Morgan (1992) * Sylvester Stallone (1992) * Jean Marais (1993) * Marcello Mastroianni (1993) * Gérard Oury (1993) * Jean Carmet (1994) * Jeanne Moreau (1995) * Gregory Peck (1995) * Steven Spielberg (1995) * Lauren Bacall (1996) * Henri Verneuil (1996) * Charles Aznavour (1997) * Andie MacDowell (1997) * Michael Douglas (1998) * Clint Eastwood (1998) * Jean-Luc Godard (1998) * Pedro Almodóvar (1999) * Johnny Depp (1999) * Jean Rochefort (1999) * Josiane Balasko (2000) * Georges Cravenne (2000) * Jean-Pierre Léaud (2000) * Martin Scorsese (2000) 2001–present| * Darry Cowl (2001) * Charlotte Rampling (2001) * Agnès Varda (2001) * Anouk Aimée (2002) * Jeremy Irons (2002) * Claude Rich (2002) * Bernadette Lafont (2003) * Spike Lee (2003) * Meryl Streep (2003) * Micheline Presle (2004) * Jacques Dutronc (2005) * Will Smith (2005) * Hugh Grant (2006) * Pierre Richard (2006) * Marlène Jobert (2007) * Jude Law (2007) * Jeanne Moreau (2008) * Roberto Benigni (2008) * Romy Schneider (2008) * Dustin Hoffman (2009) * Harrison Ford (2010) * Quentin Tarantino (2011) * Kate Winslet (2012) * Kevin Costner (2013) * Scarlett Johansson (2014) * Sean Penn (2015) * Michael Douglas (2016) * George Clooney (2017) * Penélope Cruz (2018) * Robert Redford (2019) * Cate Blanchett (2022) * David Fincher (2023) * Christopher Nolan (2024) * v * t * e Life Career Award --- * Fritz Lang (1976) * Samuel Z. Arkoff (1977) * Christopher Lee (1979) * Gene Roddenberry (1980) * William Shatner (1980) * John Agar (1981) * Ray Harryhausen (1982) * Martin B. Cohen (1983) * Vincent Price (1986) * Leonard Nimoy (1987) * Roger Corman (1988) * Ray Walston (1990) * Arnold Schwarzenegger (1992) * David Lynch (1993) * Alfred Hitchcock (1994) * Steve Reeves (1994) * Whit Bissell (1994) * Joel Silver (1995) * Richard Fleischer (1995) * Sean Connery (1995) * Wes Craven (1995) * Albert R. Broccoli (1996) * Edward R. Pressman (1996) * Harrison Ford (1996) * Dino De Laurentiis (1997) * John Frankenheimer (1997) * Sylvester Stallone (1997) * James Coburn (1998) * James Karen (1998) * Michael Crichton (1998) * Nathan Juran (1999) * Dick Van Dyke (2000) * George Barris (2000) * Brian Grazer (2001) * Robert Englund (2001) * Drew Struzan (2002) * Stan Lee (2002) * Kurt Russell (2003) * Sid and Marty Krofft (2003) * Blake Edwards (2004) * Stephen J. Cannell (2005) * Tom Rothman (2005) * Robert Halmi (2008) * Lance Henriksen (2009) * Irvin Kershner (2010) * Bert Gordon (2011) * Michael Biehn (2011) * Frank Oz (2012) * James Remar (2012) * Jonathan Frakes (2013) * Malcolm McDowell (2014) * Nichelle Nichols (2016) * Lee Majors (2017) * Michael Gruskoff (2019/2020) * Kathryn Leigh Scott (2021/2022) * Jodie Foster (2022/2023) * v * t * e Montecito Award --- * Annette Bening (2005) * Naomi Watts (2006) * Bill Condon (2007) * Javier Bardem (2008) * Kate Winslet (2009) * Julianne Moore (2010) * Geoffrey Rush (2011) * Daniel Day-Lewis (2013) * Oprah Winfrey (2014) * Jennifer Aniston (2015) * Sylvester Stallone (2016) * Isabelle Huppert (2017) * Saoirse Ronan (2018) * Melissa McCarthy (2019) * Lupita Nyong\'o (2020) * Amanda Seyfried (2021) * Penelope Cruz (2022) * Angela Bassett (2023) * Jeffrey Wright (2024) * v * t * e National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor --- 1954–1975| * John Williams (1954) * Charles Bickford (1955) * Richard Basehart (1956) * Sessue Hayakawa (1957) * Albert Salmi (1958) * Hugh Griffith (1959) * George Peppard (1960) * Jackie Gleason (1961) * Burgess Meredith (1962) * Melvyn Douglas (1963) * Martin Balsam (1964) * Harry Andrews (1965) * Robert Shaw (1966) * Paul Ford (1967) * Leo McKern (1968) * Philippe Noiret (1969) * Frank Langella (1970) * Ben Johnson (1971) * Joel Grey / Al Pacino (1972) * John Houseman (1973) * Holger Löwenadler (1974) * Charles Durning (1975) 1976–2000| * Jason Robards (1976) * Tom Skerritt (1977) * Richard Farnsworth (1978) * Paul Dooley (1979) * Joe Pesci (1980) * Jack Nicholson (1981) * Robert Preston (1982) * Jack Nicholson (1983) * John Malkovich (1984) * Klaus Maria Brandauer (1985) * Daniel Day-Lewis (1986) * Sean Connery (1987) * River Phoenix (1988) * Alan Alda (1989) * Joe Pesci (1990) * Anthony Hopkins (1991) * Jack Nicholson (1992) * Leonardo DiCaprio (1993) * Gary Sinise (1994) * Kevin Spacey (1995) * Edward Norton (1996) * Greg Kinnear (1997) * Ed Harris (1998) * Philip Seymour Hoffman (1999) * Joaquin Phoenix (2000) 2001–present| * Jim Broadbent (2001) * Chris Cooper (2002) * Alec Baldwin (2003) * Thomas Haden Church (2004) * Jake Gyllenhaal (2005) * Djimon Hounsou (2006) * Casey Affleck (2007) * Josh Brolin (2008) * Woody Harrelson (2009) * Christian Bale(2010) * Christopher Plummer (2011) * Leonardo DiCaprio (2012) * Will Forte (2013) * Edward Norton (2014) * Sylvester Stallone (2015) * Jeff Bridges (2016) * Willem Dafoe (2017) * Sam Elliott (2018) * Brad Pitt (2019) * Paul Raci (2020) * Ciarán Hinds (2021) * Brendan Gleeson (2022) * Mark Ruffalo (2023) * v * t * e People\'s Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actor --- * John Wayne (1975) * John Wayne (1976) * John Wayne (1977) * John Wayne (1978) * Burt Reynolds (1979) * Burt Reynolds (1980) * Clint Eastwood (1981) * Burt Reynolds (1982) * Burt Reynolds (1983) * Clint Eastwood / Burt Reynolds (1984) * Clint Eastwood (1985) * Sylvester Stallone (1986) * Clint Eastwood (1987) * Michael Douglas (1988) * Tom Cruise (1990) * Mel Gibson (1991) * Kevin Costner (1993) * Tom Hanks (1996) * Mel Gibson (1997) * Harrison Ford (1998) * Tom Hanks (1999) * Harrison Ford (2000) * Mel Gibson (2001) * Tom Hanks (2002) * Mel Gibson (2003) * Mel Gibson (2004) * Johnny Depp (2005) * Johnny Depp (2006) * Johnny Depp (2007) * Johnny Depp (2008) * Will Smith (2009) * Johnny Depp (2010) * Johnny Depp (2011) * Johnny Depp (2012) * Robert Downey Jr. (2013) * Johnny Depp (2014) * Robert Downey Jr. (2015) * Channing Tatum (2016) * Ryan Reynolds (2017) * Chadwick Boseman (2018) * Robert Downey Jr. (2019) * Will Smith (2020) * Dwayne Johnson (2021) * Chris Hemsworth (2022) * v * t * e Razzie Redeemer Award --- * Ben Affleck (2014) * Sylvester Stallone (2015) * Mel Gibson (2016) * \"A Safe Hollywood-Haven\" (2017) * Melissa McCarthy (2018) * Eddie Murphy (2019) * No Award (2020/21) * Will Smith (2021) * Colin Farrell (2022) * Fran Drescher (2023) * v * t * e St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor --- * Thomas Haden Church (2004) * George Clooney (2005) * Djimon Hounsou (2006) * Casey Affleck (2007) * Heath Ledger (2008) * Christoph Waltz (2009) * Christian Bale (2010) * Albert Brooks (2011) * Christoph Waltz (2012) * Jared Leto (2013) * J. K. Simmons (2014) * Sylvester Stallone (2015) * Mahershala Ali (2016) * Richard Jenkins (2017) * Richard E. Grant (2018) * Brad Pitt (2019) * Paul Raci (2020) * Kodi Smit-McPhee (2021) * Ke Huy Quan (2022) * Ryan Gosling (2023) Authority control databases ![\\"Edit](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit- ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\\") --- International| * ISNI * VIAF * FAST * WorldCat National| * Germany * United States * France * BnF data * Japan * Australia * 2 * Czech Republic * Spain * Netherlands * Norway * Latvia * Croatia * Korea * Poland * Israel * Catalonia Academics| * CiNii Artists| * MusicBrainz People| * Trove * 2 * Deutsche Biographie * Deutsche Synchronkartei Other| * IdRef * NARA * SNAC Retrieved from \" Categories: * Sylvester Stallone * 1946 births * 20th-century American male actors * 21st-century American male actors * American action film directors * American boxing promoters * American film producers * American gun control activists * American male film actors * American male screenwriters * American male television actors * American male voice actors * American people of Russian-Jewish descent * American Ashkenazi Jews * American people of Breton descent * American people of French descent * American Roman Catholics * American writers of Italian descent * Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film) winners * César Honorary Award recipients * Charlotte Hall Military Academy alumni * David di Donatello winners * Film directors from California * Film directors from Maryland * Film directors from New York City * International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees * Living people * Male actors from Maryland * Male actors from Manhattan * Male actors from Philadelphia * Miami Dade College alumni * New York (state) Republicans * People from Hell\'s Kitchen, Manhattan * People from Silver Spring, Maryland * Screenwriters from New York City * Television producers from New York City * University of Miami alumni * Writers from Manhattan * Writers from Philadelphia * Writers Guild of America * American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent Hidden categories: * CS1 Italian-language sources (it) * Webarchive template wayback links * Articles with French-language sources (fr) * All articles with dead external links * Articles with dead external links from June 2016 * Articles with short description * Short description is different from Wikidata * Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people * Use American English from May 2023 * All Wikipedia articles written in American English * Use mdy dates from May 2023 * Biography with signature * Articles with hCards * All articles with unsourced statements * Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024 * Commons category link from Wikidata * This page was last edited on 29 September 2024, at 21:00 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. 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Film actor Sylvester Stallone died in November 2022 | 3,299 | Plus Icon Click to expand the Mega Menu Click to expand search form Got a tip? The Hollywood Reporter homepage Newsletters Subscribe ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2024/09/28cover.lores_.jpg?w=1154\\") ### The Definitive Voice of Entertainment News Subscribe for full access to The Hollywood Reporter See My Options Sign Up ## site categories * News * Film * TV * Awards * Lifestyle * Business * Global * Video * Music * Charts * Lists Plus Icon Click to expand the Mega Menu Menu Click to expand search form The Hollywood Reporter homepage Read Next: ### ‘The Walking Dead’ Writer Breaks Down Carol’s Violent ‘Daryl Dixon’ Detour Subscribe ![\\"\\"](\\"\\") ### The Definitive Voice of Entertainment News Subscribe for full access to The Hollywood Reporter See My Options Sign Up ![\\"“I](\\" content/uploads/2022/11/SYLVESTER_STALLONE_NEEDLEMAN_THR_05_346-SPLASH-2022.jpg?w=2000&h=1126&crop=1\\") “I want to see how far I can push this,” says Stallone, photographed Oct. 14 at his home in Los Angeles. Photographed By David Needleman * Home * TV * TV Features # Sylvester Stallone Gets Candid About Career, Regrets, Feuds: “I Thought I Knew Everything” At 76 years old, the Hollywood icon is still fighting: On his battle for the \'Rocky\' rights, the future of \'Rambo,\' his pivot to TV (‘Tulsa King’ and a reality show), and the time he turned down $34 million for a movie role. By James Hibberd Plus Icon ### James Hibberd Writer-at-Large JamesHibberd Follow Sign Up ### More Stories by James * ‘The Rings of Power’ on Verge of Season 3 Renewal by Amazon * ‘The Rings of Power’ Creators on That Big Season 2 Finale Reveal and Sauron’s Mistake * Travis Kelce Tries Being a Game Show Host in ‘Are You Smarter Than a Celebrity?’ Trailer View All November 7, 2022 * Share on Facebook * Share on X * Share to Flipboard * Send an Email * Show additional share options * Share on LinkedIn * Share on Pinterest * Share on Reddit * Share on Tumblr * Share on Whats App * Print the Article * Post a Comment You’re sitting with Sylvester Stallone and the word that keeps coming to mind is so simple and grunt-y that it could be dialogue from one of his tough-guy action movies: Big. The man is barrel-chested big. His tanned, lined face is broad with a wide nose and dramatic eyebrows. His luxuriant suede jacket flaps when he shifts like roomy cow drapes (he just picked it up this morning from Ralph Lauren — the man, not the store, because that’s the level of famous Stallone is). His accompanying Rottweiler is massive and sweet and keeps coming back for more pets. We’re doing this interview in Stallone’s “barn” at his ranch/house in Hidden Hills, California. The space looks like something from Architectural Digest and calling it a barn is like calling a 1966 Shelby Cobra an “old car” — technically accurate but also c’mon. For more than an hour, we discussed the Rocky and Rambo writer-actor-director’s career, which spans back to 1976 and across more than 50 films that have collectively grossed about $3 billion at the box office. According to IMDb, he’s one of only a couple actors to have ever starred in a movie that topped the weekend box office across five consecutive decades. ### Related Stories ![\\"SNL’s](\\" hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif\\") TV ### \'SNL\' Turns 50. Now What? Lorne Michaels, Colin Jost and Michael Che on Election Insanity, Succession Plans and Trying to Make America Funny Again ![\\"Taylor](\\" hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif\\") Lifestyle ### First Look at \'Yellowstone\' Boss Taylor Sheridan\'s Four Sixes Ranch Steakhouse in Las Vegas (Exclusive) ![\\"\\"](\\" hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif\\") SYLVESTER STALLONE Photographed By David Needleman “Six,” interrupts Stallone, smiling and puffing on his fat cigar. “The shark counts.” Ah, right — 2021’s The Suicide Squad, where Stallone voiced King Shark. And now, Stallone is back with his first TV show: Paramount+’s Tulsa King, the latest heartland series from Yellowstone co-creator Taylor Sheridan. Stallone plays a mafioso released from prison who’s exiled to Oklahoma to rebuild his crime empire. There is also Stallone’s upcoming first-ever reality show, which will chronicle his home life, like Keeping Up With the Kardashians (an idea he will defend shortly). Though Stallone is 76 years old (How did that happen? He isn’t sure, either), the man’s energy and focus do not appear to have waned. Still, even Stallone admits it’s going to be a struggle to keep his box office streak rolling into another decade: “Seven is gonna be tough.” There’s a scene in the _Tulsa King_ pilot where your character, Dwight, sleeps with a woman and then she asks how old he is. He says he’s 75 and she flees the room in horror. How did you feel reading that? I kind of felt kind of how I played it. Like, I’m almost apologizing — I’m sorry. I didn’t know. It crept on me that fast. I’m the oldest guy on the show’s set. I could be some of these people’s grandfather. So [the scene] was quite flattering and also quite depressing. Do you feel your age? I feel very immature. I’ve always been averse to the quote “Act your age.” Or “Age gracefully.” How do you age gracefully? There’s nothing graceful about you. The older I get, the more I try to embrace my inner kid. The only way I really feel my age is because I’ve had so many injuries. I’ve had five back operations, three neck fusions, both shoulders done, knees, ankles, fist — you name it. It’s been more than 25 times that I’ve been put out. So that I feel. But after I warm up, I feel really good. I don’t run out of gas. You’ve said before, “They say people don’t change, but they do.” How have you changed these last 10 years? ![\\"\\"](\\" hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif\\") Stallone at his California ranch house Photographed By David Needleman A tremendous amount. In the beginning of my career, I was celebrating the fact that I had made it to the point of obnoxiousness. “See, I told you!” That kind of thing. When I look back on my quotes, I think, “God, a little humility would’ve been nice.” I was just with Ralph Lauren and we were talking about our success, which we call “luck.” People ask, “What’s the formula?” And he goes, “There is none, is there?” I go, “No, you just keep doing what you do naturally, and sometimes you arrive at a place you never expected to be.” You’ve long said you were motivated by wanting to make up for a slew of unsuccessful movies you made in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Is that still the case? I felt as though I wasted a lot of time. Now I realize there are only so many bullets left in the gun. Very few. When you’re young, you’re just haphazardly shooting wildly and hope you hit something. Now you don’t have the luxury of missing – especially with the family and the kids. I find that to be my biggest regret. Everyone goes, “I wish I’d shown love more” or “I wish I’d spent more time with the kids.” I’m riding that boat. That’s one of the reasons I wanted to do the reality show that I’ve been taking a lot of shit for. So why did you do the show? I thought it would be the ultimate home movie. This is a chance where I’m going to be with my kids under a work condition where they get to see me in action and I get to see them in action. What you will see is the real truth. This is a great opportunity. I don’t look at it as stooping to conquer. But each time you go in a different direction, people go, “Oh God, you must be in trouble.” Just the opposite. You’ve had this surge of headlines lately about your personal life [_Stallone’s wife of 25 years, Jennifer Flavin,filed for divorce in August. The two have since reconciled and, during our visit, they arrived home together_]. Does it surprise you that the public is still interested, and is that going to be part of the show? ![\\"\\"](\\" hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif\\") Stallone with (from left) wife Jennifer Flavin and daughters Sistine and Sophia. Amy Sussman/Getty Images Of course it’s part of the show. It’s the John Lennon thing: “Life is what happens when you’re making other plans.” Hopefully, you’re involved with people who understand the foibles of life and the fragility of it and how rare a real good relationship is. Sometimes I put the work ahead of [my family], and that is a tragic mistake which won’t happen again. You made more headlines with your Instagram post in July asking _Rocky_ producer Irwin Winkler to give you some of the rights to the character you created. Has there been any movement on that? No. It’s never gonna happen. It was a deal that was done unbeknownst to me by people that I thought were close to me and they basically gave away whatever rights I would have had. At the time I was so excited to be working and I didn’t understand this is a business. Who knew Rocky would go on for another 45 years? I’ve never used one [line of dialogue] from anyone else — and the irony is that I don’t own any of it. The people who have done literally nothing, control it. I read 600 pages of your past interviews to prepare for this, and I never heard you sound as angry as you were in that Instagram post. What triggered that? They wanted another Rocky. And I was willing to do it. But I said, “After 45 years, can we change the playing field a little bit? Level it out? Can’t I get a piece of what I created all these years ago?” You wanted this to apply retroactively to the other movies? No! Just from now on. I didn’t expect to get –– yeah, forget that. [The producers] still get a piece. I don’t want anyone to control it. If I write it and the studio agrees to do it, it’s done. You can’t [make a Rocky sequel] just because you want your children to have a job. Or if you don’t get more money, that you can block it. The other producer, Bob Chartoff, was always very nice. Irwin Winkler was just the opposite. There was also a _Drago_ spinoff referenced in your post, and you called out [Drago actor] Dolph Lundgren for not telling you about it. Have you two patched things up since then? Yeah, we did. I’m actually calling him today because he underwent some ankle situation. The Dolph thing, again. This is a classic case of them going around and trying to continually cherry-pick aspects of Rocky without even asking me if I want to join in. I’m not an executive producer on the Creed movies. [Director] Ryan Coogler is. [Star] Michael B. Jordan is. [Winkler and Chartoff’s] children are. Not mine. I’m the only one left out. Is it going to be weird for you to see _Creed III_ without being in the film? That’s a regretful situation because I know what it could have been. It was taken in a direction that is quite different than I would’ve taken it. It’s a different philosophy — Irwin Winkler’s and Michael B. Jordan’s. I wish them well, but I’m much more of a sentimentalist. I like my heroes getting beat up, but I just don’t want them going into that dark space. I just feel people have enough darkness. Both _Rocky IV_ and _Rambo III_ are considered peak Cold War proxy-battle entertainment. Now we find ourselves once again conflicting with Russia. What’s your thought when you look at the headlines as somebody who helped Americans grapple with a similar anxiety back in the day? Russia was really upset [with those movies]. The horrible thing is that as much as you think cinema is going to change things, there’s a culture of violence when you’re dealing with any powerful militaristic government. I wanted to show two guys fighting instead of 20 million, like they used to do in the old days — send out your best warrior. You send out David and I’ll send out Goliath and we’ll see what happens. Mine was how I wished it could be. What’s sad is I now see how it really is, and it’s incredibly tragic. One film I’m truly proud of — it’s the best action film I’ve ever done because it’s the most truthful — is Rambo IV, dealing with Burma, where they’ve had a civil war for 67 years. But I got excoriated because the movie’s so violent. And it is violent. It’s horrifying. It’s children being burnt alive. That’s what makes civil war worse than anything: It’s your neighbor, all of a sudden, killing you. I was really happy with that film, and I never thought it would ever reach the theater. I thought, “They’re never going to show this.” Could you make a conservative-leaning major studio film now? _Top Gun: Maverick_ was pro-military and did huge, but it straddled the line. A good story is a good story, and if you lean very hard on the politics, you’re asking for trouble. Like everyone assumed Rambo is a conservative. President Reagan posted a picture going, “Rambo’s a Republican.” I went, “Uh oh.” Rambo is totally neutral. He doesn’t even live in this country. He feels scorned by it. And my politics are: “May the best man win.” I voted on both [sides], but I’m definitely in the middle. People assume I’m the same as my character — and I do talk to everybody; I think it’s crazy not to. Actually, I avoid some people because it sends out the wrong [message]. You’re asking yourself, “Do I really need this controversy?” You said some admiring words about Trump before the 2016 election, but also said you weren’t sure if he would be good at running the country I just find him a very flamboyant character. It’s almost a movie. You go, “This can’t be real.” Yet it is real. You’ve also described yourself as “the most anti-gun person in Hollywood.” Now productions are moving to Airsoft and CG in the wake of the _Rust_ tragedy. Some feel this is an overreaction **and that blanks can be safely used**. What’s your take? No one has shot more blanks than me. On Rambo IV, I wanted to show what a .50-caliber could do to a human being. We took a dummy and filled it with 200 pounds of beef. I thought, “When I fire, it will knock the dummy over.” There were no bullets in the gun. It was just the force of the compression in the shell. But it turned the dummy into mist. It blew it apart. Then I turned the .50-caliber to a row of bamboo trees and it literally cut them in half. This is without bullets! I’ve had near-misses. I’ve never said this before, but I had a pistol literally go off in my holster in The Expendables — bam, right down my leg. I’ve used weapons that are incredibly dangerous at close range. I’m surprised I haven’t lost a finger or something. It was only a matter of time, and I agree: With special effects, there’s no need to do this. You supposedly hold the record for the longest consecutive streak of nominations at the Razzie Awards — 13 years. Did that piss you off? It did. But now I see the humor in it because there are some really good performers in there. I said things about critics like, “Let them try to do it.” I said I love critiques, but now tell me how to make it better in the same paragraph. “That’s not our job.” Well, that’s like going up to a child and going, “You’re a horrible child!” and then you walk out of the room. How about the other side of it? I got a lot of shit for that. What’s it like for you when a film doesn’t work that opening weekend? You know when you’re doing publicity. You can tell when you’re being interviewed and the second question is: “So what’s next for Sylvester Stallone?” They start talking about other things. It’s horrible. Like, we were going to do Rhinestone with director Mike Nichols. He was going to be fantastic, and he fell out. Then a nice fellow [Bob Clark] came in, but he’s the director of Porky’s. I should have known this is not what we started out to do and packed my bag. I hold myself responsible for that. Or Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot was supposed to be like Throw Momma From the Train with the mom as this really nasty piece of work. Instead you hire the nicest woman in Hollywood, Estelle Getty, who you wish was your mother. That’s the end of that! Also, I had heard Schwarzenegger was going to do that movie and I said, “I’m going to beat him to it.” I think he set me up. [We reached out to Schwarzenegger to ask if he could confirm this decades-old rumor that he feigned interest in Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot in hopes of luring his box office competitor into making a huge flop: “It’s 100 percent true,” Schwarzenegger wrote. “In those days we did all kinds of crazy things to get ahead in our rivalry. Luckily for us and everyone else, today, we root for each other. Thank God, because we sure don’t ever need another Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot.”] You famously did _Rhinestone_ instead of _Romancing the Stone_. Other roles you have reportedly turned down over the years include _Pulp Fiction_ , _Die Hard_ , _Witness_ , _Face/Off_ and _Arthur_. Which stung the most? [I wasn’t offered] Arthur and Pulp Fiction. Witness killed me. Also, Coming Home. But I couldn’t have done it better than Jon Voight, he was great. Witness was a mistake. I know what you think is your best film (_Rocky Balboa_) and your worst (_Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot_) so I’ll ask this: What’s your most underrated film? Believe it or not, I think Get Carter was really underrated. That was a big disappointment. I learned the hard way that [remakes], even if you do it better than the original, there’s a tremendous nostalgia attached to the original. And quite often they’re not done as well. Like the last West Side Story. Why would you mess with something like that? Not only because [of the original’s quality] but because people’s tastes change. Musicals don’t make it anymore. Kids cannot relate to that kind of music. So who’s your audience? It’s crazy. Also, I thought Cop Land was going to do a little better. What’s the most you were ever paid for a role? I turned down 34. You turned down $34 million?! For what film? We were doing Rambo III. We thought it was going to be the biggest hit — this was before it came out. And I was paid a fortune for it. Then they go, “We want Rambo IV. Here it is: Pay or play, 34.” I go, “Let’s not jump the gun here …” And that’s in 1980s dollars. [_Factoring inflation, $34 million would now be approximately $85 million_]. For real. That’s not a joke. Oh boy, what an idiot. Now I think about that and … wow. You’ve been candid about things you could have done differently and have said you’ve made every Hollywood mistake you can make. Did you ever fall into drug use [_aside from once being caught with unprescribed human growth hormone_]? Amazingly, never. I tried it once and it was no good. I was doing Rocky III and had to get down to a certain weight — too thin, actually. I was drinking 20, 30 cups of coffee a day and eating tuna fish. Somebody goes, ’Try this Dexedrine.” And then I didn’t know where I was — I’m directing on a rocket ship. I’m (imitates grinding his jaw) and my tongue was stuck to the roof of my mouth. I said, “That’s it.” You also declared about that period in your life that you “abused power.” Nowadays that phrase typically means something different than when you said it, but still: Did you ever treat women in ways that you regret? [_The actorhas been accused of sex assault in decades past. He denied the allegations; no charges were filed_] No, no, no, no, no! When I say “I abused power,” it was with my public persona and words. I thought I knew everything, and when I look back on that time it’s deeply mortifying. That’s what I meant. Do you have a take on so-called cancel culture and the #MeToo movement in the industry? I think it’s an evolutionary process that has not reached its conclusion. I don’t know if it’s good or bad yet. I do believe that quite often that people change. Maybe if somebody has a bad marriage or gets fired from their job, they look at things differently. Sometimes a good slap in the mouth – a real hard bash in the face by reality – wakes your ass up and you’re not the same person anymore. You once complained, “There doesn’t seem to be enough real men to go around.” That was in 1976. What’s your take on the state of masculinity today? Did I say that? You see what I mean? That’s what I’m talking about! (Laughs.) It’s not that there aren’t enough real men. I meant there are not enough roles for men to play that kind of outsider. The Steve McQueens, the Dirty Harrys. They’re out of vogue. I think they will come back. I really do. You just change a few things. I don’t know what I was thinking. The ’70s were a very masculine time, my God. Today’s a masculine time, too; you got some of the toughest athletes in the world now. In so many of your interviews since then, you’re described as wearing a black T-shirt. You have one on now. How many do you own? ![\\"\\"](\\" hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif\\") Sylvester Stallone Photographed By David Needleman You can’t go wrong with a black T-shirt. Because you can put a sport coat over it, or take it off [to look more casual]. I see the best designers come out of their show in a fucking T-shirt. Like Armani. Here’s a guy who has access to tons of clothes and he’s in black shirt, black pants, done. It keeps things simple. Back in the day, you were almost cast as Richard Donner’s Superman. Is there a comic book character you haven’t played before that you’d want to? I don’t look like any comic book character. Like, I could have never played the Terminator. No one would make a robot with a crooked mouth and voice that sounds like a pallbearer. It just doesn’t work. But yes. Who was the guy Sam Jackson ended up playing? Nick Fury? With the eyepatch? Yeah. I thought I could have done something like that, where I’m not the main guy. **Speaking of** Arnold, you have been friends for a long time. When you meet up, what do you talk about? Arnold’s very wise and he loves to talk about philosophies which have got him to where he is. It’s good to talk to a man who actually has put his money where his mouth is, and he’s achieved that. Then we start goofing around and being crazy — just laughing at the old times. I told him: “We are the last two tyrannosaurus.” We’re the last two meat eaters, and there’s not much beef left out there. So we better enjoy each other. You’re also friends with your other former Planet Hollywood partner, Bruce Willis. Do you still keep in touch? His fans have obviously been extremely saddened by the reports about his health. Bruce is going through some really, really difficult times. So he’s been sort of incommunicado. That kills me. It’s so sad. For years when you were asked in interviews if you would ever do TV, you would say that you wished you could have done _The Sopranos_. _Tulsa King_ is the same genre and has _Sopranos_ writer Terence Winter on board. Was that part of the appeal? Yes. I’ve always wanted to play a gangster. But I wanted to play a unique gangster who is not like a gangster — at least, not when you meet him. He’s actually a guy who likes to cooperate. I thought about Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis. Like, what if you woke up and you were now in a different profession but you had the same personality? That way, you don’t assume the automatic cliché of a thug who stares at you dead-eyed and (slides into his Rocky/Rambo speaking voice for a moment — just to show) doing the deep voice. But if he has to get heavy, it’s gonna get real heavy. So I said, “I’m gonna play him as close to myself as I’ve ever done in my life.” That’s interesting because there’s a line in the _Tulsa King_ pilot that sounds exactly like something you would say: “The answer is always ‘no’ until you ask.” Was that yours? Yeah. Usually they’re very strict about adhering to what’s written on the page. But I tend to go off the page and throw in ad-libs. They were a little disturbed at first (laughs, in a “Ya hire Stallone ya get Stallone” kind of way), but then I said, “Guys, I know what I’m doing. I’m a writer.” You’ll find a lot of Terry’s writing and mine intertwined. It’s primarily his. So let’s quickly hit some of your upcoming and rumored projects. What’s the latest with the _Rambo_ streaming prequel? I think it’s going to happen. I wanted to do it like a Ken Burns documentary on Vietnam, where you drop young Rambo in there and he’s this outgoing guy, football captain, and then you see why he becomes Rambo. But what they want to do is a modern-day story where I pass the torch. That’s getting close. How’s _Expendables_ 4 looking? I heard it turned out pretty good. Jason Statham is 80 percent of it. He’s happy with it. With everything going on with the _Rocky_ rights, I assume that its streaming prequel isn’t happening? It may happen again because now Amazon’s involved. It’s pretty close. There’s a side of me that goes: Is this really going to work? Every time you try to do Son of Kong, Son of Tarzan, it doesn’t work. There’s a certain indescribable formula that happens. If I gave you the novel The Godfather, good luck on casting that today. Good luck selling that whole premise today. Is it frustrating that so much in action cinema has become CGI and comic book characters? Yes, it is. [Great action movies are] like buying a vintage watch. Originally it was $35, and now it’s $35,000. Why? Because it’s handmade. It wasn’t over the top. It wasn’t supernatural. It was something a unique human being could achieve. That’s why I think First Blood is one of the first action films. I relied on body acting to tell the story. The character never talks, but you know exactly what’s going on through the other characters. They’re almost like narrators in his Greek tragedy. The guy never stops moving, and that’s what I call an “action film.” There’s not one CGI shot. The audience goes: That is pretty special. I just rewatched _First Blood_. I was struck by Rambo’s four-minute monologue at the end, after all his silence, where he breaks down talking about his friends who died — before audiences even knew what PTSD was. That scene was a tough one to get past the producers. They didn’t want it. I was supposed to be shot and die. And I go, “There are a lot of veterans who are going to look at this and go, ‘So my only hope is to kill myself?’” I can’t do that. I did 20 interviews with veterans and I compiled it into that moment, all stream of consciousness, with everything just pouring out. I want people to take away some sense of hope when they leave the theater. I don’t want my heroes to die. A version of this story first appeared in the Nov. 9 issue of The Hollywood Reporter magazine. Click here to subscribe. ### Read More About: * Sylvester Stallone * THR Cover Story * THR Editors Picks of 2022 * Tulsa King ## THR Newsletters Sign up for THR news straight to your inbox every day Subscribe Sign Up ## More from The Hollywood Reporter * Live Feed ### John Oliver Blasts J.D. 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Film actor Sylvester Stallone died in November 2022 | 3,299 | ![\\"Alamy](\\" * Images * Images homepage * Photos * Vectors * Illustrations * 360° panoramic images * Image categories * Contributor spotlight * Videos * Videos homepage * Video collections * Creative * Creative homepage * Fresh picks * Editorial * Editorial homepage * News * Live News * Sports * Entertainment * Archive * Archive homepage * Biographies * Obituaries * World events * Discoveries & launches * Blog * Blog homepage * News * Features * Spotlights * Inspiration * Education * Galleries * Enterprise * Enterprise homepage * Education * Gaming * Museums * Trade books * Travel * TV & film * Alamy API * AI Training * **Book a demo** * About us * Sell * Make money with Alamy * Contributor help page * **Sign up as a contributor** * Our Licenses * Image licenses * Video licenses * Lightboxes * Cart * Sign in Hi there! Lightboxes Share Alamy images with your team and customers * Create a lightbox › All images * All images * Photographs * Vectors * Illustrations * Social * 360° images * Video * Live news * Search by image Search for imagesSearch for stock images, vectors and videos Search by image Search with an image file or link to find similar images AllCreativeEditorial All CreativeUltimateVitalUncutFoundation All EditorialArchive(greater than 20 years old) Filters Sort by Relevant * Relevant * Most recently uploaded * Newest date taken * Oldest date taken # Actor sylvester stallone Stock Photos and Images (3,676)See actor sylvester stallone stock video clips Quick filters: Black & white chevron_left Pageof 37 chevron_right background_grid_smallgrid_view # Actor sylvester stallone Stock Photos and Images LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. Stock Photo details/?v=1 november-19-2015-actor-sylvester-stallone-at-the- los-100176613.html?imageid=31652529-C415-4B27-B959-0031CADAD2FA&p=150669&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFPYC85–LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Sylvester Stallone / Cliffhanger / 1993 directed by Renny Harlin Stock Photo details/?v=1 cliffhanger-1993-directed-by-renny- harlin-89006264.html?imageid=80B15919-6A77-4AD2-B132-608F135898CB&p=274044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF4PGB4–Sylvester Stallone / Cliffhanger / 1993 directed by Renny Harlin heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person HRH The Princess of Wales, Princess Diana, attends and presents awards at the Barnado\'s Champion Children of the Year ceremony at The Dorchester Hotel in London. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone also attended the event and is in other frames with The Princess. Picture taken 10th November 1993 Stock Photo details/?v=1 attends-and-presents-awards-at-the-barnados-champion-children-of-the-year- ceremony-at-the-dorchester-hotel-in-london-hollywood-actor-sylvester-stallone- also-attended-the-event-and-is-in-other-frames-with-the-princess-picture- taken-10th- november-1993-image466424658.html?imageid=9AA9E0C3-E1E4-45BF-955C-B57F1515A055&p=62486&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2J2RDBE–HRH The Princess of Wales, Princess Diana, attends and presents awards at the Barnado\'s Champion Children of the Year ceremony at The Dorchester Hotel in London. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone also attended the event and is in other frames with The Princess. Picture taken 10th November 1993 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person United States President Donald J. Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch Stock Photo details/?v=1 acknowledges-actor-sylvester-stallone-after-signing-an-executive-grant-of- clemency-for-former-heavyweight-champion-jack-johnson-in-the-oval-office-of- the-white-house-on-may-24-2018-in-washington-dc-credit-olivier-doulierypool- via-cnp-mediapunch- image186259504.html?imageid=9FF462B6-2BEE-425F-9963-09E17B4F49E7&p=340861&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMMR0RW4–United States President Donald J. Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Credit: dpa picture alliance/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 aug-2014-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives- for-72476551.html?imageid=28A84CA6-BB90-4479-8455-431513CE6764&p=173981&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RME5WGG7–Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Credit: dpa picture alliance/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (dpa FILE) - An archive picture, dated 6 August 2010, shows US Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone in Berlin, Germany. Stallone, who will turn 65 on 6 July 2011, is apparently already preparing for his next action role. Photo: Soeren Stache ( Stock Photo details/?v=1 dated-6-august-2010-shows-us- hollywood-58237208.html?imageid=C1A53E35-CDF7-4EBE-A1FC-83E1D23316FD&p=191649&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMDAMX48–(dpa FILE) - An archive picture, dated 6 August 2010, shows US Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone in Berlin, Germany. Stallone, who will turn 65 on 6 July 2011, is apparently already preparing for his next action role. Photo: Soeren Stache ( heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Sylvester Stallone leaving the funeral of Sage Stallone at St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church, Brentwood. The son of actor Sylvester Stallone died last week, aged 36 Los Angeles, California - 21.07.12 Stock Photo details/?v=1 sage-stallone-at-st-martin- image66075345.html?imageid=EEEAF4F7-3D3B-4175-9000-720EE8FB3C23&p=215289&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMDRDYNN–Sylvester Stallone leaving the funeral of Sage Stallone at St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church, Brentwood. The son of actor Sylvester Stallone died last week, aged 36 Los Angeles, California - 21.07.12 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE 15 MINUTES PREMIER LOS ANGELES USA 01 March 2001 Stock Photo details/?v=1 premier-los-angeles- usa-01-march-2001-125446454.html?imageid=CD5E391F-6E67-4DC0-85D2-D74663099DCC&p=1247536&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH82G6E–SYLVESTER STALLONE 15 MINUTES PREMIER LOS ANGELES USA 01 March 2001 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-sylvester-stallone-stars-as- stevens-90144009.html?imageid=E212B809-77B2-4C22-BF1F-52901FEF48DA&p=372758&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF6JBGW–May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Anne Archer, Sylvester Stallone, on-set of the Film, \'Paradise Alley\', Universal Pictures, 1978 Stock Photo details/?v=1 the-film-paradise-alley-universal- pictures-1978-image542773094.html?imageid=E9223D4F-C8C2-4D11-B674-45EBE5BEEB27&p=167166&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2PF1CHA–Anne Archer, Sylvester Stallone, on-set of the Film, \'Paradise Alley\', Universal Pictures, 1978 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) Stock Photo details/?v=1 september-18-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives-at-the-new-york-screening-and- fan-event-for-rambo-last-blood-held-at-the-amc-lincoln-square-theater-on- september-18-2019-in-manhattan-new-york-city-new-york-united-states-photo-by- image-press-agencynurphoto- image488789811.html?imageid=F9275CF8-3EA9-46DA-91D1-082FA7D641A2&p=1975967&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KB68AY–MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 nov-2022-american-actor-sylvester-stallone-is-seen-accompanied-by-his-wife- jennifer-flavin-and-their-daughter-sophia-during-ufc-281-at-madson-square- garden-in-new-york-in-the-united-states-this-saturday-12-credit-brazil-photo- pressalamy-live-news- image490890495.html?imageid=D8828F3F-5D0E-4AEE-B736-70B255B6B39D&p=402353&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KEHYRB–New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, during the presentation of the musical \'Rocky - Fight from the Heart\', Hamburg, Germany, 20.11.2011, , Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-671946-american-actor-portrait-during-the- presentation-48729404.html?imageid=2DD3B550-582A-4776-87CE-0A6892EDD3EF&p=58868&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMCR7PRT–Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, during the presentation of the musical \'Rocky - Fight from the Heart\', Hamburg, Germany, 20.11.2011, , heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES-FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Stock Photo details/?v=1 actress-zhang-ziyi-attends-the-masterclass-at-the-72nd-cannes-film-festival- in-cannes-france-may-22-2019-zhang-ziyi-was-invited-to-talk-about-her-career- at-this-year-s-masterclass-together-with-american-actor-sylvester-stallone- french-actor-alain-delon-and-danish-director-nicolas-winding-refn-the-72nd- cannes-film-festival-is-held-from-may-14-to-25-xinhuazhang-cheng-france- cannes-film-festival-zhang-ziyi-publicationxnotxinxchn- image564495666.html?imageid=A886ACAB- DF5B-4D34-AC35-58B7828884A2&p=2241107&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2RPAYYE–(190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES- FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Publicity still for the movie Rocky with Sylvester Stallone and Talia Shire circa 1976 from United Artists. Stock Photo license-details/?v=1 with-sylvester-stallone-and-talia-shire-circa-1976-from-united-artists- image356703567.html?imageid=8F6D91E4-86AA-4F0A-9FD8-9D91102F34AA&p=350861&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2BM9713–Publicity still for the movie Rocky with Sylvester Stallone and Talia Shire circa 1976 from United Artists. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Library file, dated 15.12.96. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone, who is to marry his long-term girlfriend Jennifer Flavin, in a secret ceremony today (Saturday). See PA story SHOWBIZ Stallone. PA Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-stallone-who-is-to-marry-his-long-term-girlfriend-jennifer-flavin- in-a-secret-ceremony-today-saturday-see-pa-story-showbiz-stallone-pa- image380447180.html?imageid=780D30EA-7037-4A60-A2E2-DCD84BC9059C&p=308342&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2D2XT78–Library file, dated 15.12.96. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone, who is to marry his long-term girlfriend Jennifer Flavin, in a secret ceremony today (Saturday). See PA story SHOWBIZ Stallone. PA heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in February 2016. Photo Jeffrey Mayer Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-in-february-2016-photo-jeffrey- mayer-95599189.html?imageid=FF323056-8833-4480-97E5-48F6CFC9FD4F&p=13044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFFEWMN–SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in February 2016. Photo Jeffrey Mayer heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone (right) meets Jacques Villeneuve (in car) before the start of the Italian Grand Prix Stock Photo license-details/?v=1 meets-jacques-villeneuve-in-car-before-the-start-of-the-italian-grand-prix- image382157871.html?imageid=A1F52EDC-61AF-4CB3-AA6C-E40A6EBF03F8&p=1349669&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2D5MP7B–Actor Sylvester Stallone (right) meets Jacques Villeneuve (in car) before the start of the Italian Grand Prix heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. Stock Photo details/?v=1 at-the-santa-barbara- international-123446368.html?imageid=F6A5FF13-0752-4C2E-9E2C-09AF4CCDEF6E&p=374488&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH4RD2T–Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & actress Tessa Thompson at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. Stock Photo details/?v=1 november-19-2015-actor-sylvester-stallone-actress- tessa-100176627.html?imageid=22FA6783-720D-48F6-9336-19F786CD61C3&p=150669&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFPYC8K–LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & actress Tessa Thompson at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Sylvester Stallone / Assassins / 1995 directed by Richard Donner Stock Photo details/?v=1 assassins-1995-directed-by-richard-donner-89006252.html?imageid=F79027DF- DE9E-4A3A-AFA4-D1C3666280C3&p=274044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF4PGAM–Sylvester Stallone / Assassins / 1995 directed by Richard Donner heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person HRH The Princess of Wales, Princess Diana, attends and presents awards at the Barnado\'s Champion Children of the Year ceremony at The Dorchester Hotel in London. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone also attended the event and is in other frames with The Princess. Picture taken 10th November 1993 Stock Photo details/?v=1 attends-and-presents-awards-at-the-barnados-champion-children-of-the-year- ceremony-at-the-dorchester-hotel-in-london-hollywood-actor-sylvester-stallone- also-attended-the-event-and-is-in-other-frames-with-the-princess-picture- taken-10th- november-1993-image466449047.html?imageid=89284719-C44B-427E-B903-E663C3830297&p=62486&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2J2TGEF–HRH The Princess of Wales, Princess Diana, attends and presents awards at the Barnado\'s Champion Children of the Year ceremony at The Dorchester Hotel in London. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone also attended the event and is in other frames with The Princess. Picture taken 10th November 1993 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person United States President Donald J. Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch Stock Photo details/?v=1 acknowledges-actor-sylvester-stallone-after-signing-an-executive-grant-of- clemency-for-former-heavyweight-champion-jack-johnson-in-the-oval-office-of- the-white-house-on-may-24-2018-in-washington-dc-credit-olivier-doulierypool- via-cnp-mediapunch- image186259496.html?imageid=91845436-6B61-4EAE-B356-55A6FED047E9&p=340861&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMMR0RTT–United States President Donald J. Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the photocall of \'Expandables 3\' during the 67th Cannes International Film Festival in front of Hotel Carlton in Cannes, France, on 18 May 2014. Photo: Hubert Boesl - NO WIRE SERVICE - Stock Photo details/?v=1 photocall-of-expandables-3-during- image69337708.html?imageid=93F53603-C3C4-49BB- ADD6-97137F9373C3&p=173981&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RME0PGXM–Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the photocall of \'Expandables 3\' during the 67th Cannes International Film Festival in front of Hotel Carlton in Cannes, France, on 18 May 2014. Photo: Hubert Boesl - NO WIRE SERVICE - heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (dpa) - From L: US actor Sylvester Stallone, Friede Springer, the widow of publisher Axel Springer, and the US film producer Arthur Cohen arrive to the Golden Camera awards show in Berlin, 4 February 2004. Stallone won an award for the lasting success of his films on German television. He dedicated the award to his idol, German boxer Max Schmeling. Stock Photo details/?v=1 stallone-friede-springer-the-widow- of-53872617.html?imageid=9C2B9956-9F27-484A-8842-94BABF33AC64&p=191649&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMD3J321–(dpa) - From L: US actor Sylvester Stallone, Friede Springer, the widow of publisher Axel Springer, and the US film producer Arthur Cohen arrive to the Golden Camera awards show in Berlin, 4 February 2004. Stallone won an award for the lasting success of his films on German television. He dedicated the award to his idol, German boxer Max Schmeling. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. Stock Photo details/?v=1 lecoultre-glory-to-the-filmmaker-award-photocall-at-the-palazzo-del-casino- during-the-66th-venice-film-festival-in-venice-italy- image457357133.html?imageid=B97B0799-9692-46D8-991D-DCB02E8084AD&p=1845988&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2HG2BK9–Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE 15 MINUTES PREMIER LOS ANGELES USA 01 March 2001 Stock Photo details/?v=1 premier-los-angeles- usa-01-march-2001-125446453.html?imageid=76FC832C-D683-4753-8C37-A5FB3E9AF24E&p=1247536&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH82G6D–SYLVESTER STALLONE 15 MINUTES PREMIER LOS ANGELES USA 01 March 2001 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-sylvester-stallone-stars-as- stevens-90144008.html?imageid=4ABED53E-144A-4D97-94D3-A715F8F4140F&p=372758&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF6JBGT–May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-and-musician-brother-of-actor-sylvester-stallone-credit-lynn-mcafee- performing-arts-images- image570702001.html?imageid=CCC52F70-DF2A-4467-BFE2-030A0A3C466D&p=1957198&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2T4DM69–FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) Stock Photo details/?v=1 september-18-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives-at-the-new-york-screening-and- fan-event-for-rambo-last-blood-held-at-the-amc-lincoln-square-theater-on- september-18-2019-in-manhattan-new-york-city-new-york-united-states-photo-by- image-press-agencynurphoto- image488789814.html?imageid=9C402CC8-7A4E-442E-9DEE-6FFD4592FC97&p=1975967&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KB68B2–MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 nov-2022-american-actor-sylvester-stallone-is-seen-accompanied-by-his-wife- jennifer-flavin-and-their-daughter-sophia-during-ufc-281-at-madson-square- garden-in-new-york-in-the-united-states-this-saturday-12-credit-brazil-photo- pressalamy-live-news- image490890528.html?imageid=D66A68C6-C674-4C85-BB17-6249ED3C2645&p=402353&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KEHYTG–New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, half length, group picture with Vitali and Wladimir Klitschko, presenting the musical \'Rocky - Fight from the Heart\', Hamburg, Germany, 20.11.2011, , Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-671946-american-actor-half-length-group- picture-48729409.html?imageid=E11F933B-7ED9-4D06-A0C9-EC2B08A54F51&p=58868&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMCR7PT1–Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, half length, group picture with Vitali and Wladimir Klitschko, presenting the musical \'Rocky - Fight from the Heart\', Hamburg, Germany, 20.11.2011, , heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi (C) attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES-FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Stock Photo details/?v=1 actress-zhang-ziyi-c-attends-the-masterclass-at-the-72nd-cannes-film-festival- in-cannes-france-may-22-2019-zhang-ziyi-was-invited-to-talk-about-her-career- at-this-year-s-masterclass-together-with-american-actor-sylvester-stallone- french-actor-alain-delon-and-danish-director-nicolas-winding-refn-the-72nd- cannes-film-festival-is-held-from-may-14-to-25-xinhuazhang-cheng-france- cannes-film-festival-zhang-ziyi-publicationxnotxinxchn- image564495671.html?imageid=841D71D3-C939-493E-AA16-0026AB80CB3E&p=2241107&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2RPAYYK–(190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi (C) attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES- FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone appears at the weigh-in for Joe Calzaghe\'s fight against Bernard Hopkins at Planet Hollywood in Las Vegas on April 18, 2008. Both fighters tipped the scales at 173 pounds for their battle on April 19th. (UPI Photo/Daniel Gluskoter) Stock Photo details/?v=1 weigh-in-for-joe-calzaghes-fight-against-bernard-hopkins-at-planet-hollywood- in-las-vegas-on-april-18-2008-both-fighters-tipped-the-scales-at-173-pounds- for-their-battle-on-april-19th-upi-photodaniel-gluskoter- image257743894.html?imageid=AD3891B5-2882-489B-A7E9-ED0E4EF36A6B&p=872036&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMTY96Y2–Actor Sylvester Stallone appears at the weigh-in for Joe Calzaghe\'s fight against Bernard Hopkins at Planet Hollywood in Las Vegas on April 18, 2008. Both fighters tipped the scales at 173 pounds for their battle on April 19th. (UPI Photo/Daniel Gluskoter) heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. Stock Photo details/?v=1 the-italian-grand-prix-at-the-monza-circuit-in-italy-picture-date-sunday- september-11-2022-image482213507.html?imageid=FF8C6803-0B6D-4659-981C-83AACBD21C01&p=309264&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2K0EM6Y–American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in February 2016. Photo Jeffrey Mayer Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-in-february-2016-photo-jeffrey- mayer-95599188.html?imageid=A6A14CFA-8F98-4164-97FD-E4B90898FB4B&p=13044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFFEWMM–SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in February 2016. Photo Jeffrey Mayer heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-stallone-photographed-while-shopping-in-a-well-known-boutique-in- the-capital- image269932296.html?imageid=FD3021F7-138E-4D0C-AD2C-F2914B0BBAD7&p=430626&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMWK4DB4–Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. Stock Photo details/?v=1 at-the-santa-barbara- international-123446396.html?imageid=EFE20C93-1B65-4836-B80C-AA407044D395&p=374488&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH4RD3T–Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. Stock Photo details/?v=1 november-19-2015-actor-sylvester-stallone-wife- jennifer-100176584.html?imageid=B3884051-01B7-4405-9563-B42805B6C1EF&p=150669&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFPYC74–LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Sylvester Stallone / Cliffhanger / 1993 directed by Renny Harlin Stock Photo details/?v=1 cliffhanger-1993-directed-by-renny- harlin-89006262.html?imageid=581DCDA8-8F7F-411E-B2BE-B105EF5B30B0&p=274044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF4PGB2–Sylvester Stallone / Cliffhanger / 1993 directed by Renny Harlin heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person HRH The Princess of Wales, Princess Diana, attends and presents awards at the Barnado\'s Champion Children of the Year ceremony at The Dorchester Hotel in London. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone also attended the event and is in other frames with The Princess. Picture taken 10th November 1993 Stock Photo details/?v=1 attends-and-presents-awards-at-the-barnados-champion-children-of-the-year- ceremony-at-the-dorchester-hotel-in-london-hollywood-actor-sylvester-stallone- also-attended-the-event-and-is-in-other-frames-with-the-princess-picture- taken-10th-november-1993-image466447919.html?imageid=052AD866-07B0-437B-B1EF- EF3DEEDC27B3&p=62486&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2J2TF27–HRH The Princess of Wales, Princess Diana, attends and presents awards at the Barnado\'s Champion Children of the Year ceremony at The Dorchester Hotel in London. Hollywood actor Sylvester Stallone also attended the event and is in other frames with The Princess. Picture taken 10th November 1993 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person United States President Donald J. Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch Stock Photo details/?v=1 acknowledges-actor-sylvester-stallone-after-signing-an-executive-grant-of- clemency-for-former-heavyweight-champion-jack-johnson-in-the-oval-office-of- the-white-house-on-may-24-2018-in-washington-dc-credit-olivier-doulierypool- via-cnp-mediapunch- image186259499.html?imageid=70177313-12EA-4141-BDFA-1AD234C7CCDA&p=340861&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMMR0RTY–United States President Donald J. Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Photo: CAROLINE SEIDEL/DPA/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 aug-2014-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives- for-72474930.html?imageid=9A845486-57FF-462F-A145-AE16A3598466&p=173981&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RME5WEEA–Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Photo: CAROLINE SEIDEL/DPA/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (dpa) - US actor Sylvester Stallone presents the products of his new fitness and health company Instone at the FIBO sport fair in Essen, Germany, 24 April 2004. The Hollywood star said he considered making a fourth \'Rambo\' movie. Stallone was quoted as saying at the fair that he felt a little too old to play Rocky, but he would like to make another Rambo film. The first Rambo film Stock Photo details/?v=1 presents-the-products-of-his-new- fitness-53877227.html?imageid=2E9A3C7D-726D-479B-8486-AA7FE6643E8C&p=191649&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMD3J8XK–(dpa) - US actor Sylvester Stallone presents the products of his new fitness and health company Instone at the FIBO sport fair in Essen, Germany, 24 April 2004. The Hollywood star said he considered making a fourth \'Rambo\' movie. Stallone was quoted as saying at the fair that he felt a little too old to play Rocky, but he would like to make another Rambo film. The first Rambo film heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. Stock Photo details/?v=1 lecoultre-glory-to-the-filmmaker-award-photocall-at-the-palazzo-del-casino- during-the-66th-venice-film-festival-in-venice-italy- image457357136.html?imageid=95D3DA5A-6413-441E-ABBD-E0D9DE7EC1B2&p=1845988&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2HG2BKC–Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE FILM PREMIER OF DRIVEN HOLLYWOOD LOS ANGELES USA 16 April 2001 Stock Photo details/?v=1 of-driven-hollywood-los-angeles- usa-28801092.html?imageid=A9E6A258-B89E-4C73-907B-7F2425390086&p=1247536&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMBJT02C–SYLVESTER STALLONE FILM PREMIER OF DRIVEN HOLLYWOOD LOS ANGELES USA 16 April 2001 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-sylvester-stallone-stars-as- stevens-90144012.html?imageid=112D71FA-2CED-46DF-B1D0-C12FD1BAC8AA&p=372758&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF6JBH0–May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-and-musician-brother-of-actor-sylvester-stallone-credit-lynn-mcafee- performing-arts-images- image570702003.html?imageid=BDB1E720-5078-4E35-B288-8766ED7333C2&p=1957198&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2T4DM6B–FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) Stock Photo details/?v=1 september-18-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives-at-the-new-york-screening-and- fan-event-for-rambo-last-blood-held-at-the-amc-lincoln-square-theater-on- september-18-2019-in-manhattan-new-york-city-new-york-united-states-photo-by- image-press-agencynurphoto- image488789813.html?imageid=7D685011-CF58-4EA5-97D4-398B8D7D78DE&p=1975967&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KB68B1–MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 nov-2022-american-actor-sylvester-stallone-is-seen-accompanied-by-his-wife- jennifer-flavin-and-their-daughter-sophia-during-ufc-281-at-madson-square- garden-in-new-york-in-the-united-states-this-saturday-12-credit-brazil-photo- pressalamy-live-news- image490890487.html?imageid=C87B92CD-6D3C-46C2-9B5C-711DFFE71269&p=402353&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KEHYR3–New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, at press conference, movie \'Cliffhanger\', Hamburg, 1993, Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-671946-american-actor-portrait-at-press- conference-18847132.html?imageid=C688ED52-C77B-4A3B-A66F-A00889FCAE3E&p=58868&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMB2JFKT–Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, at press conference, movie \'Cliffhanger\', Hamburg, 1993, heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi (L) attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES-FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Stock Photo details/?v=1 actress-zhang-ziyi-l-attends-the-masterclass-at-the-72nd-cannes-film-festival- in-cannes-france-may-22-2019-zhang-ziyi-was-invited-to-talk-about-her-career- at-this-year-s-masterclass-together-with-american-actor-sylvester-stallone- french-actor-alain-delon-and-danish-director-nicolas-winding-refn-the-72nd- cannes-film-festival-is-held-from-may-14-to-25-xinhuazhang-cheng-france- cannes-film-festival-zhang-ziyi-publicationxnotxinxchn- image564495668.html?imageid=1FA1E05F-6E0F-4539-A2CE-48DFD7D3D4A0&p=2241107&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2RPAYYG–(190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi (L) attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES- FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone, right, and his wife, Jennifer Falvin, pose for photographers during the Robb Report\'s Best of Los Angeles party in Santa Monica, CA on August 28, 2004. The Robb Report is a magazine that features upscale products for its readers. (UPI Photo/Francis Specker) Stock Photo details/?v=1 jennifer-falvin-pose-for-photographers-during-the-robb-reports-best-of-los- angeles-party-in-santa-monica-ca-on-august-28-2004-the-robb-report-is-a- magazine-that-features-upscale-products-for-its-readers-upi-photofrancis- specker- image257513564.html?imageid=389D44AC-84B8-4CDF-9CC1-0C3A6F3B69D4&p=872142&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMTXXN50–Actor Sylvester Stallone, right, and his wife, Jennifer Falvin, pose for photographers during the Robb Report\'s Best of Los Angeles party in Santa Monica, CA on August 28, 2004. The Robb Report is a magazine that features upscale products for its readers. (UPI Photo/Francis Specker) heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. Stock Photo details/?v=1 the-italian-grand-prix-at-the-monza-circuit-in-italy-picture-date-sunday- september-11-2022-image482211900.html?imageid=CA2AD4BA-120F-4E0E-9129-B62827179BCC&p=309264&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2K0EJ5G–American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in August 2014. Photo Jeffrey Mayer Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-in-august-2014-photo-jeffrey- mayer-72629543.html?imageid=323CB784-BB0C-4F05-ADBD-208F6BBB77AB&p=13044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RME64FM7–SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in August 2014. Photo Jeffrey Mayer heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-stallone-photographed-while-shopping-in-a-well-known-boutique-in- the-capital- image269932286.html?imageid=F745E0B6-F743-4DB6-ABDF-3B9705BC8F08&p=430626&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMWK4DAP–Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. Stock Photo details/?v=1 at-the-santa-barbara- international-123446425.html?imageid=6D4403FE-5472-40D6-AA4C-23316591AA4B&p=374488&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH4RD4W–Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. Stock Photo details/?v=1 november-19-2015-actor-sylvester-stallone-wife- jennifer-100176583.html?imageid=4DF1DCA6-59AF-4D9F-925F-42F1A2781529&p=150669&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFPYC73–LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Sylvester Stallone / Daylight / 1996 directed by Rob Cohen Stock Photo details/?v=1 daylight-1996-directed-by-rob- cohen-89006384.html?imageid=5D956513-8757-4140-9EEF-D4DFDE79FF64&p=274044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF4PGFC–Sylvester Stallone / Daylight / 1996 directed by Rob Cohen heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Oct 16, 2004; Commerce, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE at The 25th Annual World Boxing Hall of Fame Banquet held at The Commerce Casino. Stock Photo details/?v=1 stallone-at-the-25th-annual- image63014762.html?imageid=A2096912-A7EC-4C02-AB5E-01EA6252912B&p=823404&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMDJEFY6–Oct 16, 2004; Commerce, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE at The 25th Annual World Boxing Hall of Fame Banquet held at The Commerce Casino. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person United States President Donald J. Trump listens as actor Sylvester Stallone gestures during a signing ceremony to grant posthumous pardon to former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch Stock Photo details/?v=1 listens-as-actor-sylvester-stallone-gestures-during-a-signing-ceremony-to- grant-posthumous-pardon-to-former-heavyweight-champion-jack-johnson-in-the- oval-office-of-the-white-house-on-may-24-2018-in-washington-dc-credit-olivier- doulierypool-via-cnp-mediapunch- image186259519.html?imageid=25BD8086-289F-4755-8656-05D900CF07A1&p=340861&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMMR0RWK–United States President Donald J. Trump listens as actor Sylvester Stallone gestures during a signing ceremony to grant posthumous pardon to former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Photo: CAROLINE SEIDEL/DPA/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 aug-2014-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives- for-72474931.html?imageid=602A0A9E-575C-40F3-A243-F5872E0C10B1&p=173981&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RME5WEEB–Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Photo: CAROLINE SEIDEL/DPA/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the musical \'Rocky\' at TUI opera house in Hamburg, Germany, 18 November 2012. Photo: AXEL HEIMKEN Stock Photo details/?v=1 arrives-for-the-premiere-of-the-musical- rocky-55238338.html?imageid=EDBCBC48-8085-4D32-8403-7457F20BA4B4&p=191649&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMD5T91P–Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the musical \'Rocky\' at TUI opera house in Hamburg, Germany, 18 November 2012. Photo: AXEL HEIMKEN heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. Stock Photo details/?v=1 lecoultre-glory-to-the-filmmaker-award-photocall-at-the-palazzo-del-casino- during-the-66th-venice-film-festival-in-venice-italy- image457357124.html?imageid=8984817E-9751-47CF-B02F-59328E7D35D1&p=1845988&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2HG2BK0–Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE FILM PREMIER OF DRIVEN HOLLYWOOD LOS ANGELES USA 16 April 2001 Stock Photo details/?v=1 of-driven-hollywood-los-angeles- usa-28801091.html?imageid=937E8FED-793F-48D9-A97F-6F63D9BED359&p=1247536&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMBJT02B–SYLVESTER STALLONE FILM PREMIER OF DRIVEN HOLLYWOOD LOS ANGELES USA 16 April 2001 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-sylvester-stallone-stars-as- stevens-90144013.html?imageid=0DCA690D-FAAE-4044-84D5-73AD86A82B7D&p=372758&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF6JBH1–May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-and-musician-brother-of-actor-sylvester-stallone-credit-lynn-mcafee- performing-arts-images- image570701969.html?imageid=BC837FD7-E512-42E1-B0D1-11CAE4DD9312&p=1957198&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2T4DM55–FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) Stock Photo details/?v=1 september-18-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives-at-the-new-york-screening-and- fan-event-for-rambo-last-blood-held-at-the-amc-lincoln-square-theater-on- september-18-2019-in-manhattan-new-york-city-new-york-united-states-photo-by- image-press-agencynurphoto- image488789817.html?imageid=631C6503-A411-486A-BA97-0A999EAC47A3&p=1975967&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KB68B5–MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 nov-2022-american-actor-sylvester-stallone-is-seen-accompanied-by-his-wife- jennifer-flavin-and-their-daughter-sophia-during-ufc-281-at-madson-square- garden-in-new-york-in-the-united-states-this-saturday-12-credit-brazil-photo- pressalamy-live-news- image490890523.html?imageid=B6462A32-129D-43AA-B22B-C39DEDD635D8&p=402353&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KEHYTB–New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, at press conference, movie \'Cliffhanger\', Hamburg, 1993, Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-671946-american-actor-portrait-at-press- conference-18847128.html?imageid=C4BEB79F-7A4A-49AD-9340-95C53FC66BED&p=58868&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMB2JFKM–Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, at press conference, movie \'Cliffhanger\', Hamburg, 1993, heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi (C) attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES-FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Stock Photo details/?v=1 actress-zhang-ziyi-c-attends-the-masterclass-at-the-72nd-cannes-film-festival- in-cannes-france-may-22-2019-zhang-ziyi-was-invited-to-talk-about-her-career- at-this-year-s-masterclass-together-with-american-actor-sylvester-stallone- french-actor-alain-delon-and-danish-director-nicolas-winding-refn-the-72nd- cannes-film-festival-is-held-from-may-14-to-25-xinhuazhang-cheng-france- cannes-film-festival-zhang-ziyi-publicationxnotxinxchn- image564495651.html?imageid=027AE25C-42E8-46AF-A0C1-07E62CE05052&p=2241107&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2RPAYXY–(190523) -- CANNES, May 23, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi (C) attends the masterclass at the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 22, 2019. Zhang Ziyi was invited to talk about her career at this year s masterclass together with American actor Sylvester Stallone, French actor Alain Delon and Danish director Nicolas Winding Refn. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Zhang Cheng) FRANCE-CANNES- FILM FESTIVAL-ZHANG ZIYI PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone gestures during a signing ceremony to grant a posthumous pardon to former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Jack Johnson, the first African-American heavyweight champion was jailed a century ago after having a relationship with a white woman. Photo by Olivier Douliery/UPI Stock Photo details/?v=1 signing-ceremony-to-grant-a-posthumous-pardon-to-former-heavyweight-champion- jack-johnson-in-the-oval-office-of-the-white-house-on-may-24-2018-in- washington-dc-jack-johnson-the-first-african-american-heavyweight-champion- was-jailed-a-century-ago-after-having-a-relationship-with-a-white-woman-photo- by-olivier-doulieryupi- image258617447.html?imageid=F9C6FB05-ADF7-4C39-872E-1CB7BEFAC73D&p=857555&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMW0N15B–Actor Sylvester Stallone gestures during a signing ceremony to grant a posthumous pardon to former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Jack Johnson, the first African-American heavyweight champion was jailed a century ago after having a relationship with a white woman. Photo by Olivier Douliery/UPI heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. Stock Photo details/?v=1 the-italian-grand-prix-at-the-monza-circuit-in-italy-picture-date-sunday- september-11-2022-image482218476.html?imageid=AF49EDD0-B97A-4181-8EB7-EA7593AA0685&p=309264&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2K0EXGC–American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in November 2015. Photo Jeffrey Mayer Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-in-november-2015-photo-jeffrey- mayer-90426202.html?imageid=8F4934E9-D70F-428D-87D9-18C9AD15C8FF&p=13044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF737F6–SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in November 2015. Photo Jeffrey Mayer heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-stallone-photographed-while-shopping-in-a-well-known-boutique-in- the-capital-image269932288.html?imageid=F45F2CE4-2EBB-49DB- BCE1-3040B70E38FA&p=430626&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMWK4DAT–Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. Stock Photo details/?v=1 at-the-santa-barbara- international-123446341.html?imageid=57F9DCE0-D657-4804-A2C8-9E6C9CE5F93F&p=374488&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH4RD1W–Actor Sylvester Stallone inside at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. Stock Photo details/?v=1 november-19-2015-actor-sylvester-stallone-wife- jennifer-100176582.html?imageid=92248F59-6347-4A4F-8594-0873CD230704&p=150669&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFPYC72–LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Sylvester Stallone / Daylight / 1996 directed by Rob Cohen Stock Photo details/?v=1 daylight-1996-directed-by-rob- cohen-89006385.html?imageid=143446BB-8EB1-4AC1-AF16-31E8FEBF6DAE&p=274044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF4PGFD–Sylvester Stallone / Daylight / 1996 directed by Rob Cohen heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Oct 16, 2004; Commerce, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE at The 25th Annual World Boxing Hall of Fame Banquet held at The Commerce Casino. Stock Photo details/?v=1 stallone-at-the-25th-annual- image63014760.html?imageid=E773DB6E-1D0A-4348-B29D-CB704D940073&p=823404&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMDJEFY4–Oct 16, 2004; Commerce, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE at The 25th Annual World Boxing Hall of Fame Banquet held at The Commerce Casino. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone (R) and United States President Donald J. Trump (L) share a laugh during a signing ceremony to grant posthumous pardon to former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch Stock Photo details/?v=1 states-president-donald-j-trump-l-share-a-laugh-during-a-signing-ceremony-to- grant-posthumous-pardon-to-former-heavyweight-champion-jack-johnson-in-the- oval-office-of-the-white-house-on-may-24-2018-in-washington-dc-credit-olivier- doulierypool-via-cnp-mediapunch- image186259515.html?imageid=2806225A-B5E5-4E21-80F7-2299C200968C&p=340861&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMMR0RWF–Actor Sylvester Stallone (R) and United States President Donald J. Trump (L) share a laugh during a signing ceremony to grant posthumous pardon to former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Credit: Olivier Douliery/Pool via CNP /MediaPunch heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Photo: CAROLINE SEIDEL/DPA/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 aug-2014-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives- for-72474927.html?imageid=5B4F032A-AC28-4AAE-B20D-39EF4F072E52&p=173981&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RME5WEE7–Cologne, Germany. 06th Aug, 2014. Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the movie \'The Expendables 3\' in Cologne, Germany, 06 August 2014. Photo: CAROLINE SEIDEL/DPA/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person US actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the musical \'Rocky\' at TUI opera house in Hamburg, Germany, 18 November 2012. Photo: MARCUS BRANDT Stock Photo details/?v=1 arrives-for-the-premiere-of-the- musical-55238128.html?imageid=F5242E0B-34B9-45AD-8CE2-860800FFD3C9&p=191649&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMD5T8P8–US actor Sylvester Stallone arrives for the premiere of the musical \'Rocky\' at TUI opera house in Hamburg, Germany, 18 November 2012. Photo: MARCUS BRANDT heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. Stock Photo details/?v=1 lecoultre-glory-to-the-filmmaker-award-photocall-at-the-palazzo-del-casino- during-the-66th-venice-film-festival-in-venice-italy- image457357132.html?imageid=86C1AFE7-5F5B-4DC5-ACE0-E63CF61AE207&p=1845988&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2HG2BK8–Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the \'Jaeger-LeCoultre Glory To The Filmmaker Award\' photocall at the Palazzo del Casino during the 66th Venice Film Festival in Venice, Italy. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE DEAUVILLE FILM FESTIVAL DEAUVILLE FILM FESTIVAL FRANCE 07 September 2002 Stock Photo details/?v=1 film-festival-deauville-film- festival-125460235.html?imageid=EF27BABC-0D42-4D24-9F9D-89E07BCDCA83&p=1247536&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH835PK–SYLVESTER STALLONE DEAUVILLE FILM FESTIVAL DEAUVILLE FILM FESTIVAL FRANCE 07 September 2002 heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-sylvester-stallone-stars-as- stevens-90144007.html?imageid=030FFD28-0369-42E7-B5FD-1951D7F97EC9&p=372758&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF6JBGR–May 18, 2003; Hollywood, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE stars as Stevens in the Judgement Pictures drama, \'Shade.\' Directed by Damian Nieman. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-and-musician-brother-of-actor-sylvester-stallone-credit-lynn-mcafee- performing-arts-images- image570701972.html?imageid=8994A281-AABE-4E50-8426-2F7886DB0395&p=1957198&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2T4DM58–FRANK STALLONE ;Born 30 July 1950 ; American actor and musician ; brother of actor Sylvester Stallone ; Credit: Lynn Mcafee / Performing Arts Images heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) Stock Photo details/?v=1 september-18-actor-sylvester-stallone-arrives-at-the-new-york-screening-and- fan-event-for-rambo-last-blood-held-at-the-amc-lincoln-square-theater-on- september-18-2019-in-manhattan-new-york-city-new-york-united-states-photo-by- image-press-agencynurphoto- image488789807.html?imageid=56977731-8073-4278-90AA-7CDF894F5C83&p=1975967&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KB68AR–MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, USA - SEPTEMBER 18: Actor Sylvester Stallone arrives at the New York Screening And Fan Event For \'Rambo: Last Blood\' held at the AMC Lincoln Square Theater on September 18, 2019 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States. (Photo by Image Press Agency/NurPhoto) heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 nov-2022-american-actor-sylvester-stallone-is-seen-accompanied-by-his-wife- jennifer-flavin-and-their-daughter-sophia-during-ufc-281-at-madson-square- garden-in-new-york-in-the-united-states-this-saturday-12-credit-brazil-photo- pressalamy-live-news- image490890500.html?imageid=90BB4A78-CBD3-4373-8F69-8D5FEFFCE9BE&p=402353&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2KEHYRG–New York, United States. 12th Nov, 2022. American actor Sylvester Stallone is seen accompanied by his wife Jennifer Flavin and their daughter Sophia during UFC 281 at Madson Square Garden in New York in the United States this Saturday, 12. Credit: Brazil Photo Press/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, at press conference, movie \'Cliffhanger\', Hamburg, 1993, Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-671946-american-actor-portrait-at-press- conference-18847130.html?imageid=A12B11CD-49D1-485E-AFCA-0666F1038EB2&p=58868&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMB2JFKP–Stallone, Sylvester, * 6.7.1946, American actor, portrait, at press conference, movie \'Cliffhanger\', Hamburg, 1993, heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person (190524) -- CANNES, May 24, 2019 (Xinhua) -- US actor Sylvester Stallone poses at a photocall for Rendez-vous with Sylvester Stallone during the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 24, 2019. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Gao Jing) FRANCE-CANNES-FILM FESTIVAL- SYLVESTER STALLONE PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-stallone-poses-at-a-photocall-for-rendez-vous-with-sylvester- stallone-during-the-72nd-cannes-film-festival-in-cannes-france- may-24-2019-the-72nd-cannes-film-festival-is-held-from-may-14-to-25-xinhuagao- jing-france-cannes-film-festival-sylvester-stallone-publicationxnotxinxchn- image564496591.html?imageid=DE120F2C-A490-49E0-8562-93D6A171D910&p=2241107&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2RPB14F–(190524) -- CANNES, May 24, 2019 (Xinhua) -- US actor Sylvester Stallone poses at a photocall for Rendez-vous with Sylvester Stallone during the 72nd Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France, May 24, 2019. The 72nd Cannes Film Festival is held from May 14 to 25. (Xinhua/Gao Jing) FRANCE-CANNES-FILM FESTIVAL-SYLVESTER STALLONE PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person US President Donald Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Jack Johnson, the first African-American heavyweight champion was jailed a century ago after having a relationship with a white woman. Photo by Olivier Douliery/UPI Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-sylvester-stallone-after-signing-an-executive-grant-of-clemency-for- former-heavyweight-champion-jack-johnson-in-the-oval-office-of-the-white- house-on-may-24-2018-in-washington-dc-jack-johnson-the-first-african-american- heavyweight-champion-was-jailed-a-century-ago-after-having-a-relationship- with-a-white-woman-photo-by-olivier-doulieryupi- image258617456.html?imageid=FDFC4D50-130F-42E8-91A2-340D58A0F5B1&p=857555&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMW0N15M–US President Donald Trump acknowledges actor Sylvester Stallone after signing an Executive Grant of Clemency for former heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in the Oval Office of the White House on May 24, 2018 in Washington, DC. Jack Johnson, the first African-American heavyweight champion was jailed a century ago after having a relationship with a white woman. Photo by Olivier Douliery/UPI heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. Stock Photo details/?v=1 the-italian-grand-prix-at-the-monza-circuit-in-italy-picture-date-sunday- september-11-2022-image482212571.html?imageid=A6B22375-95B2-41F0-A59E-8218263BE55B&p=309264&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RM2K0EK1F–American actor Sylvester Stallone before the Italian Grand Prix at the Monza circuit in Italy. Picture date: Sunday September 11, 2022. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in November 2015. Photo Jeffrey Mayer Stock Photo details/?v=1 actor-in-november-2015-photo-jeffrey- mayer-90426203.html?imageid=541B5270-31A2-4F6E-8231-1E75579EDD72&p=13044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF737F7–SYLVESTER STALLONE US film actor in November 2015. Photo Jeffrey Mayer heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. Stock Photo details/?v=1 sylvester-stallone-photographed-while-shopping-in-a-well-known-boutique-in- the-capital- image269932842.html?imageid=F3698C64-BCF8-4974-A1BE-0958DCEC38A5&p=430626&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMWK4E2J–Competition . Rome, the American actor Sylvester Stallone photographed while shopping in a well-known boutique in the capital. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone and Jennifer Flavin at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. Stock Photo details/?v=1 jennifer-flavin-at-the-santa- barbara-123446073.html?imageid=99E83432-44E3-4258-A617-5E664A5B4736&p=374488&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMH4RCM9–Actor Sylvester Stallone and Jennifer Flavin at The Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 9th, 2016 in Santa Barbara, California. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. Stock Photo details/?v=1 november-19-2015-actor-sylvester-stallone-wife- jennifer-100176585.html?imageid=16DE67FD-636D-4112-B6D9-F2D14F055C3E&p=150669&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMFPYC75–LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 19, 2015: Actor Sylvester Stallone & wife Jennifer Flavin at the Los Angeles World premiere of \'Creed\' at the Regency Village Theatre, Westwood. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Sylvester Stallone / Paradise Alley / 1978 directed by Sylvester Stallone Stock Photo details/?v=1 alley-1978-directed-by-sylvester- stallone-89006590.html?imageid=E6F42CC4-BD28-4B2A-9D97-8F3C87CEB84F&p=274044&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF4PGPP–Sylvester Stallone / Paradise Alley / 1978 directed by Sylvester Stallone heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Oct 16, 2004; Commerce, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE at The 25th Annual World Boxing Hall of Fame Banquet held at The Commerce Casino. Stock Photo details/?v=1 stallone-at-the-25th-annual- image63014759.html?imageid=5448B60E-1482-43E5-AB66-E4D6511F0FF6&p=823404&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMDJEFY3–Oct 16, 2004; Commerce, CA, USA; Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE at The 25th Annual World Boxing Hall of Fame Banquet held at The Commerce Casino. heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Hollywood, California, USA. 9th Nov, 2015. Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE, JENNFER FLAVIN at the AFI Fest \'The 33\' Premiere Los Angeles Premiere held at the TCL Chinese Theater. Credit: Paul Fenton/ZUMA Wire/Alamy Live News Stock Photo details/?v=1 nov-2015-actor-sylvester-stallone- jennfer-89728693.html?imageid=3268DB91-C737-44F3-B637-401DCBDAF8BE&p=151045&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RMF5YDT5–Hollywood, California, USA. 9th Nov, 2015. Actor SYLVESTER STALLONE, JENNFER FLAVIN at the AFI Fest \'The 33\' Premiere Los Angeles Premiere held at the TCL Chinese Theater. Credit: Paul Fenton/ZUMA Wire/Alamy Live News heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the party of \'Expandables 3\' during the 67th Cannes International Film Festival at Gotha Night Club at Palm Beach in Cannes, France, on 18 May 2014. Photo: Hubert Boesl Stock Photo details/?v=1 of-expandables-3-during- image69347566.html?imageid=7EFFC165-3D06-4D6B-A72C-DBBD78E815D2&p=173981&pn=2&searchId=ca9cc19a5271e957a32f6ee0a5fa2d02&searchtype=0 RME0R1EP–Actor Sylvester Stallone attends the party of \'Expandables 3\' during the 67th Cannes International Film Festival at Gotha Night Club at Palm Beach in Cannes, France, on 18 May 2014. Photo: Hubert Boesl heart_plus downloadshopping_cart person ![\\"Alamy](\\" #### Download Confirmation Please complete the form below. 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Says Donald Trump voted twice in the Nov 3 2020 election | 3,300 | The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Stand up for the facts! Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy. We need your help. More Info ### I would like to contribute One Time Monthly Yearly Join Now ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on October 24, 2020 in a Facebook post: Says Donald Trump “voted twice” in the Nov. 3, 2020 election ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"pants- fire\\"](\\" * Elections * Florida * Facebook posts ![\\"President](\\" President Donald Trump walks to speak with reporters after voting at the Palm Beach County Main Library, Saturday, Oct. 24, 2020, in West Palm Beach, Fla. (AP) ![\\"Amy](\\" By Amy Sherman October 25, 2020 # No, Trump did not vote twice in Nov. 3 election #### If Your Time is short * Trump voted in person at a library in Palm Beach County Oct. 24. The Supervisor of Elections said he did not vote twice in the general election. * Trump voted by mail for the presidential preference primary in March and the state primary in August. * For the primaries, Trump had a representative pick up the ballot for him, which is allowed under Florida law. See the sources for this fact-check President Donald Trump, who has bashed voting by mail, showed up in person at an early voting site in Palm Beach County to vote Oct. 24. But some posts on social media suggest he voted twice — once by mail, and once in person. \"Did this slip by anyone else because not me. He voted twice. He is committing voter fraud. Oh Irony! How he mocks thee!\" stated an Oct. 24 Facebook post. This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The Facebook post includes a link to an Aug. 19 NPR story about how Trump voted by mail in Florida’s primary. The post also includes a link to a TV news report about Trump voting in person. Wendy Sartory Link, the Palm Beach County Supervisor of Elections, was at the library early voting site when Trump cast a ballot in person. \"I can absolutely confirm that he did not vote twice in November,\" she told PolitiFact the next morning. #### Featured Fact-check ![](\\" ![](\\" Vote No on 3 stated on September 7, 2024 in a TV ad Florida’s Amendment 3 is “the monopoly amendment.” ![\\"true\\"](\\" false/33efdb6633e5e2fdc2d4e2f63383a1e0.jpg.\\") ![\\"false\\"](\\" false.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • September 27, 2024 While Trump has repeatedly attacked voting by mail, he used it himself twice earlier this year. A representative picked up ballots for Trump from the elections office, which is allowed under Florida law. Link confirmed that Trump voted using that method for the presidential preference primary in March and the state primary in August. Trump is registered to vote using his Mar-A- Lago address. Leading up to the Nov. 3 election, reporters were eager to report if he planned to vote in person. At PolitiFact, we regularly checked the Palm Beach County website to look up Trump and saw no request for a mail ballot. The Miami Herald reported Oct. 19 that Trump had not yet requested a mail ballot, although he still had time. A couple days later reporters from the Wall Street Journal and Politico tweeted that Trump planned to vote in person at an early voting site. Election officials have procedures to prevent a voter from casting a ballot by mail and then voting in person. In Palm Beach County, workers check in voters at polling sites using an electronic poll book. If a voter has already voted by mail, the voter won’t be allowed to vote a second time. If a voter casts a ballot by mail, and then goes to vote in person before that completed mail in ballot has been received by the county, the mail-in ballot will eventually be rejected, Ashley Houlihan, general counsel for the Palm Beach Supervisor of Elections, previously told PolitiFact. **RELATED:** How to make sure your ballot is counted this fall We rate this claim Pants on Fire. #### Read About Our Process The Principles of the Truth-O-Meter ### Our Sources Facebook post, Oct. 24, 2020 NPR, Trump, While Attacking Mail Voting, Casts Mail Ballot Again, Aug. 19, 2020 23ABC News Bakersfield, President Donald Trump casts his ballot early and in- person in Florida, Oct. 24, 2020 Sun Sentinel, ‘I voted for a guy named Trump,’ the president says after voting in person in West Palm Beach, Oct. 24, 2020 Miami Herald, Trump voted by mail in Florida’s primary. Will he do it again in November? Oct. 19, 2020 PolitiFact, Trump’s bad advice on going to polls to verify if your mail ballot was counted, Sept. 23, 2020 PolitiFact, Donald Trump’s dubious claim that \'thousands\' are conspiring on mail-ballot fraud, April 9, 2020 Politico’s Marc Caputo, Tweet, Oct. 21, 2020 Wall Street Journal’s Alex Leary, Tweet, Oct. 21, 2020 Email interview, Wendy Sartory Link, Oct. 25, 2020 ## Browse the Truth-O-Meter ### More by Amy Sherman ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on September 29, 2024 in a rally in Erie, Pennsylvania: Vice President Kamala Harris “even wants to legalize fentanyl.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Amy Sherman • October 1, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on September 30, 2024 in a press conference in Georgia: Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp was calling President Joe Biden after Hurricane Helene but \"hasn\'t been able to get him.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Caleb McCullough • September 30, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Jared Moskowitz stated on September 19, 2024 in una audiencia en la Cámara de Representantes: “El Proyecto 2025 quiere deshacerse de la NOAA” y del Servicio Nacional de Meteorología. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Maria Briceño • September 27, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Jared Moskowitz stated on September 19, 2024 in a House hearing: “Project 2025 wants to get rid of NOAA” and the National Weather Service. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Amy Sherman • September 26, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on September 18, 2024 in a speech in New York: When Haitians go to school in Springfield, Ohio, they “take the place of our children in school” and “each one will have a private interpreter.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Amy Sherman • September 23, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" JD Vance stated on August 25, 2024 in an interview on NBC\'s \"Meet the Press\": A zero-tolerance policy during the Trump administration \"led to less family separation than under Kamala Harris\' border policies.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Amy Sherman • September 4, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on August 26, 2024 in an interview with a podcaster: Vice President Kamala Harris “is a communist. … She is really a Marxist.” ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Amy Sherman • September 4, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Rick Scott stated on August 28, 2024 in a post on X: “This month alone, more than 16,000 non-citizens have been removed from the voter rolls in 3 states.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Samantha Putterman • August 29, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on August 23, 2024 in a speech in Las Vegas: “Kamala cast the tiebreaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Amy Sherman • August 28, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Tim Walz stated on August 14, 2024 in a speech in California: Former President Donald Trump “cut overtime benefits for millions of workers.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Amy Sherman • August 20, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Pete Buttigieg stated on August 11, 2024 in an interview on CNN State of the Union: Gov. Tim Walz delivered paid family leave in Minnesota but “Republicans are blocking” a Biden-Harris proposal. ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Amy Sherman • August 16, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on August 8, 2024 in a press conference: Says his Jan. 6, 2021, speech on the White House Ellipse drew the “same number of people,” as the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Louis Jacobson • August 9, 2024 ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/322c808c00e73c217d17772ddd5a0eb5.jpg\\") ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/8b142c91ebe468a84a192e6df2b7b994.jpg\\") Instagram posts stated on August 2, 2024 in a video: In Pompano Beach, Florida, Somali immigrants illegally in the U.S. were in line to get driver’s licenses and “all you need to vote is a driver\'s license.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Kwasi Gyamfi Asiedu • August 7, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on July 27, 2024 in a rally in St. Cloud, Minnesota: During the 2020 Minnesota riots after George Floyd’s murder, Gov. Tim Walz didn’t call in the National Guard, “so, I sent in the National Guard to save Minneapolis.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Amy Sherman • August 7, 2024 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on August 3, 2024 in a rally in Atlanta: Kamala Harris “supports mandatory gun confiscation.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Amy Sherman • August 7, 2024 ### No, Trump did not vote twice in Nov. 3 election * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 25, 2024 in a Facebook post: “Georgia coach Kirby Smart\'s family ends relationship with Taylor Swift: ‘We do not support her endorsement.’” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • October 1, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Viral image stated on September 20, 2024 in a Facebook post: “TD Jakes MYSTERIOUSLY VANISHES: The search for the renowned bishop begins!” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • October 1, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" X posts stated on September 29, 2024 in X posts: A biolab caught fire in Georgia right before the 2024 election. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Sofia Ahmed • October 1, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on September 29, 2024 in a rally in Erie, Pennsylvania: Vice President Kamala Harris “even wants to legalize fentanyl.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Amy Sherman • October 1, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" House Majority PAC stated on September 9, 2024 in a television ad: Laurie Buckhout is “trying to get to Congress to pass a national abortion ban, allowing politicians to ban abortions with no exceptions and prosecute women if they get an abortion, treating women right here like criminals.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Paul Specht • October 1, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump Jr. stated on September 9, 2024 in a post: “Less than three months ago, Kamala Harris and her administration blocked 300,000 unvetted Haitian migrants from being deported out of our country.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Kwasi Gyamfi Asiedu • September 30, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" X posts stated on September 30, 2024 in an X post: Photo shows President Joe Biden lounging on the beach \"while towns all over America were being wiped out” by Hurricane Helene. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • September 30, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Social Media stated on September 30, 2024 in in social media posts: “Biden Announces: ‘2.4 billion more to Ukraine’ but ‘no more aid for Hurricane Helene.’” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Jeff Cercone • September 30, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 24, 2024 in a post: “Olympic boxer Imane Khelif fails gender test, stripped of all titles, lifetime ban and $25 million prize money revoked!” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Grace Abels • September 30, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on September 30, 2024 in a press conference in Georgia: Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp was calling President Joe Biden after Hurricane Helene but \"hasn\'t been able to get him.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Caleb McCullough • September 30, 2024 Load more ### Support independent fact-checking. Become a member! In a world of wild talk and fake news, help us stand up for the facts. 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Says Donald Trump voted twice in the Nov 3 2020 election | 3,300 | Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World * Newsletters * Press * My Account * Donate * Contacted By Us? Read our research on: * Economy & Work * Hispanics * Election 2024 Search * Research Topics __ ##### Topics Politics & Policy International Affairs Immigration & Migration Race & Ethnicity Religion Age & Generations Gender & LGBTQ Family & Relationships Economy & Work Science Internet & Technology News Habits & Media Methodological Research Full Topic List ##### Regions & Countries Asia & the Pacific Europe & Russia Latin America Middle East & North Africa North America Sub-Saharan Africa Multiple Regions / Worldwide ##### Formats Feature Fact Sheet Video Data Essay * Publications * Our Methods * Short Reads * Tools & Resources * Experts * About Us * * Research Topics * Publications * Short Reads * Tools & Resources * About Pew Research Center * Newsletters * My Account * Contacted By Us? * Search Read Our Research On: * Economy & Work * Hispanics * Election 2024 Home Research Topics Coronavirus (COVID-19) * Report | November 20, 2020 * X * Facebook * Threads * LinkedIn * WhatsApp Share #### Sharp Divisions on Vote Counts, as Biden Gets High Marks for His Post- Election Conduct # 3\. The voting experience in 2020 ## Table of Contents ## Table of Contents * Sharp Divisions on Vote Counts, as Biden Gets High Marks for His Post-Election Conduct * 1\. Biden, Trump and the post-election period * 2\. Voters’ evaluations of the 2020 election process * 3\. The voting experience in 2020 * 4\. Voters’ reflections on the campaign * 5\. Key post-election issues: The pandemic and the economy * Acknowledgments * Appendix: Categorization of states based on COVID restrictions * Methodology A slim majority of voters (54%) say they voted in person this November, compared with 46% who voted by absentee or mail-in ballot. About one-quarter (27%) report having voted in person on Election Day, and an identical share say they voted in person before Election Day. ![\\"Biden](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-01.png?w=622\\") Two-thirds of Trump voters say they voted in person, compared with 42% of Biden voters. Nearly four-in-ten Trump voters (37%) say they voted in person on Election Day, while just 17% of Biden voters say they cast their ballot at a polling place on Nov. 3. Trump voters are also slightly more likely than Biden voters to say they voted in person before Election Day. Three-in-ten Trump voters report voting this way, compared with 24% of Biden voters. Black voters were less likely to vote by absentee or mail-in ballot than white, Hispanic and Asian American voters. About four-in-ten Black voters (38%) say they voted by mail, compared with 45% of white voters, 51% of Hispanic voters and two-thirds of Asian American voters. ![\\"Black](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-02.png?w=310\\") Among those who voted for Biden, these gaps are even larger. While 64% of White voters who supported Biden say they voted by absentee or mail-in ballot, smaller shares of Biden’s Hispanic supporters (56%) and Black supporters (39%) voted this way. Voters ages 65 and older are more likely to say they voted by mail than younger voters. Similar shares of voters ages 18 to 34 (44%), 35 to 49 (42%) and 50 to 64 (41%) say they voted by mail. Among those 65 and older, a majority (55%) say they voted this way. Within each age group, Biden voters are much more likely than Trump voters to say they voted by mail, with the size of this gap largely the same across groups. College graduates are more likely than those without a college degree to say they voted by mail (53% vs. 42%). ### Among absentee voters, Biden voters more likely than Trump voters to say they returned ballots early ![\\"Most](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-03.png?w=427\\") Those who voted by absentee or mail-in ballot were about equally likely to return their ballots to a designated drop box as they were to return their ballots by mail. About four-in-ten (41%) say they returned their ballots to a drop box, while 44% say they returned their ballots by mail; 15% say they returned their ballots in person to an election official or poll worker. This pattern was largely the same among both Trump and Biden absentee voters. Overall, about three-quarters of absentee or mail-in ballot voters (76%) report having returned their ballots at least a week before Election Day, while 23% say they returned their ballots in the final week leading up to Election Day. Biden voters were more likely than Trump voters to report having returned their absentee ballots in early: 82% of Biden voters who voted by absentee or mail ballot returned their ballots at least a week before Election Day, compared with 66% of Trump voters who voted this way. Nearly four-in-ten absentee or mail voters (39%) say they had never voted by this method prior to this November’s election. Biden absentee or mail-in voters were slightly more likely than Trump absentee voters to report not having voted this way in the past (42% vs. 34%). ### Nearly one-in-five in-person voters waited more than 30 minutes to vote Among voters who voted in person in this election, 35% say they did not wait in line to vote at all. An additional 27% say they waited for less than 10 minutes. One-in-five waited for 10 to 30 minutes, 11% waited for 31 minutes to an hour, and 6% say they waited in line for more than an hour to vote. ![\\"Wait](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-04.png?w=668\\") Those who voted early waited longer than those who voted on Election Day: 21% of early in-person voters waited more than half an hour, compared with 14% of Election Day voters. Black in-person voters also waited longer to vote than White or Hispanic in- person voters. Black voters are 5 percentage points slightly more likely than white voters to say they waited more than 30 minutes to vote and 9 points more likely than Hispanic voters to say this. Those who voted for Biden waited longer to vote, on average, than those who voted for Trump. About two-in-ten in-person Biden voters (21%) waited more than half an hour to vote, compared with 15% of in-person Trump voters. These differences are partly related to the longer wait times faced by those living in more densely populated areas. Voters living in rural areas were much less likely to face a wait of more than half an hour (11% of rural voters) than those living in urban (19%) or suburban (21%) areas. ### Most voters say it was easy to vote in the election More than nine-in-ten voters (94%) say that voting in the election this November was either very easy (77%) or somewhat easy (17%), while just 6% say that voting was very or somewhat difficult. ![\\"Overwhelming](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-05.png?w=624\\") A month before the election, about a third of registered voters (35%) expected voting would be at least somewhat difficult, compared with 36% who expected it to be somewhat easy and 29% who expected it to be very easy. Biden supporters had been somewhat more likely than Trump supporters to say they expected voting to be at least somewhat difficult in the preelection survey, with 38% of Biden supporters and three-in-ten Trump supporters saying this. However, nearly identical shares of those who voted for Biden (95%) and those who voted for Trump (93%) now say that voting this November was easy. And Biden voters are now somewhat more likely than Trump voters to say that voting was very easy (81% vs. 73%). ### In their own words: Why some voters faced difficulties casting ballots While most voters who cast ballots in the November election say voting was very or somewhat easy for them personally (94%), about 6% of voters say they encountered difficulties when casting their ballot. ![\\"Voters](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-06.png?w=420\\") For about half of these voters (51%), logistical issues like long lines or safety concerns amid the coronavirus pandemic made voting difficult. One-in- five pointed to long voting lines, and many cited unusually long wait times at polling places. One 58-year-old woman voter said, “I had to stand in the cold and rain for approximately an hour and a half. Never had to stand in line for more than 10-15 minutes inside before.” For 16% of these voters, issues with submitting absentee or mail ballots made voting difficult. While some pointed to confusion about rules and requirements surrounding vote by mail, others mentioned delays in receiving or tracking their mail ballots in time. A 26-year-old man said, “I requested a mail in ballot, didn’t receive it, contacted my county and they said to wait 10 more business days. I contacted them again, then they finally sent a new one to me the week before the election. I made the choice to drop it off rather than mail it in because it was so close to Election Day.” Some voters also noted that safety concerns about voting during the pandemic led to hurdles while making voting plans. One woman noted, “People in my family tested positive for COVID-19 on October 26, so instead of voting in person, we had to request a mail in ballot at the last minute.” Nearly three-in-ten of those who say that voting was difficult say it is because they could not decide who to vote for – or did not like any of their choices in candidate: 16% say they were unhappy with their choices while 6% say they could not make up their mind about who to vote for. About one-in-ten cited general concerns and suspicions about the voting system in general. This includes uncertainty about the vote counting process as a whole or concerns that states were tampering with the voting process, as well as specific concerns about more widespread use of mail-in voting. As one 60-year-old man put it, “I didn’t like mail-in ballots. It encourages voter fraud.” ### Convenience was top factor in voters’ decisions about which way to vote Nearly two-thirds of voters (66%) say that convenience was a major reason why they chose to vote in person on Election Day, in person before Election Day, or by mail or absentee ballot. Another 15% say that this was a minor reason for voting the way they did, while 19% say that this was not a reason. ![\\"Convenience,](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-07.png?w=834\\") Just over half of voters (54%) say that voting the way they usually do was a major reason for their choice of method, and about one-in-ten (12%) say this was a minor reason. Smaller shares of voters say that concerns about voting by mail (28%) or concerns about catching or spreading the coronavirus (24%) were major reasons why they voted as they did. And despite widespread expectations earlier this year that the pandemic would disrupt the November election, a majority of voters (55%) say that concerns about the coronavirus were not a factor in their decision about how to cast their ballot. Just two-in-ten voters say that being encouraged to vote a certain way by someone they trust was either a major reason (11%) or a minor reason (9%) for the vote method they chose. Those who voted using different methods this November point to somewhat different reasons for doing so. Among voters who voted at a polling place on Election Day, 76% say that a major reason for doing so was that they usually vote that way. In-person early voters are 19 percentage points less likely to say that this was a major reason for voting the way they did, and absentee or mail-in voters are 36 points less likely to say this. ![\\"Most](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-08.png?w=844\\") Seven-in-ten mail voters (70%) and a similar share of in-person early voters (72%) say convenience was a major reason they voted the way they did. A much narrower majority (54%) of in-person Election Day voters cited convenience as a major reason for doing so. About half of in-person voters, (53% among in-person early voters, 52% among in-person Election Day voters) say that a major reason for voting in person was their concerns about voting by mail. About four-in-ten mail voters (42%) cite concerns about catching or spreading the coronavirus as a major reason for voting by absentee or mail-in ballot. Just 15% of in-person early voters and 4% of in-person Election Day voters say that concerns about the coronavirus were a major reason why they voted using the method they chose. Similar shares of in-person early voters (13%), mail voters (11%) and in- person Election Day voters (8%) say that encouragement from a person they trusted was a major reason for choosing to vote as they did. Among in-person voters, 68% of those who voted for Trump say that concerns about voting by mail were a major reason why they voted in person. By comparison, a far smaller share of in-person Biden voters (32% ) cite this as a major reason why they voted in person. This gap is somewhat larger among in-person Election Day voters than among in- person early voters. Among early in-person voters, Trump voters are 32 percentage points more likely than Biden voters to say concerns about voting by mail were a major reason for voting as they did. Among in-person Election Day voters, Trump voters are 42 points more likely than Biden voters to say this. ![\\"Most](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-09.png?w=310\\") By comparison, Biden voters are more likely than Trump voters to say that concerns about the coronavirus were a major reason for voting as they did. Overall, 39% of Biden voters cited this as a major reason, compared with just 9% of Trump voters. About half of Biden voters who voted absentee or by mail (53%) say that concerns about the coronavirus were a major reason they voted by mail, while just 20% of Trump voters who voted this way cited this as a major reason why. About a quarter of Biden voters who voted in person before Election Day (27%) also pointed to COVID-19 concerns as a major reason for doing so, while just 6% of in person Trump early voters said the same. Few Biden Election Day voters (8%) and almost no Trump Election Day voters (1%) considered concerns about the pandemic as a major reason for voting the way they did. ### Researching voting methods, checking registration, tracking wait times and absentee ballots Biden voters are more likely than Trump voters to say they took a variety of steps to ensure they would be able to cast a ballot in the days and weeks leading up to Election Day. Nearly half of voters (48%) say they checked their voter registration status prior to the election – including 56% of Biden voters and 40% of Trump voters. And a majority of Biden voters (54%) also say they researched their options for how to vote in person or by mail this year, compared with 32% of Trump voters. ![\\"Biden](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-10.png?w=420\\") Among those who voted in person in the November election, 17% say they checked wait times at an in-person polling place before going to vote: 22% of Biden voters and 14% of Trump voters say they did this. About half of absentee or mail-in ballot voters (52%) say they tracked their ballot’s status through a website or app: Nearly six-in-ten Biden voters (58%) say they did this, compared with 40% of Trump voters. Black voters, Hispanic voters and Asian voters are somewhat more likely than White voters to say they checked their registration status, though these differences are closely related to levels of support for the two candidates within different racial and ethnic groups. About six-in-ten Black (57%), Hispanic (61%) and Asian (63%) voters say they checked their registration status in the days and weeks prior to voting; a smaller share (44%) of White voters report having done this. And among in- person voters, Hispanic (30%) and Black (23%) voters are both more likely than White voters (15%) to say they checked the wait time at a polling place before going to vote. Younger voters and those with more years of formal education are also more likely to say they took several of these steps than older voters or those with fewer years of education, respectively. ![\\"Younger](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2020/11/PP_2020.11.20_post- election_3-11.png?w=1024\\") Three-quarters of voters ages 18 to 29 say they checked their voter registration status in the days or weeks leading up to the election, compared with 55% of voters ages 30 to 49, 40% of those 50 to 64 and 35% of those 65 and older. A majority of voters ages 18 to 29 (58%) say they researched their options for voting, compared with 46% of 30 to 49 year-olds and 39% of those 50 and older. And 58% of mail voters under 50 tracked their ballot’s status online while 51% of those ages 50 to 64 and 44% of those 65 years-old or older say they did the same. Voters with a college degree are more likely to say they researched their options for voting than those without a degree (49% vs. 40%). And among mail voters, nearly six-in-ten college graduates (58%) reported tracking their ballot online, compared with 46% of those without a degree. Next: Voters’ reflections on the campaign ← Prev Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 … 9 Next Page → ![\\"Icon](\\" library/blocks/promo/assets/weekly.svg\\"/) ### Sign up for our weekly newsletter Fresh data delivery Saturday mornings Sign Up ![\\"Icon](\\" library/blocks/promo/assets/journalism.svg\\"/) ### Sign up for The Briefing Weekly updates on the world of news & information Sign Up Topics * Coronavirus (COVID-19) * COVID-19 & Politics * Election 2020 * Election System & Voting Process * Joe Biden * U.S. Democracy Share This Link: * X * Facebook * Threads * LinkedIn * WhatsApp Share ### Related reportMar 7, 2024 ## How Americans View the Coronavirus, COVID-19 Vaccines Amid Declining Levels of Concern reportJun 2, 2023 ## Online Religious Services Appeal to Many Americans, but Going in Person Remains More Popular short readsMar 30, 2023 ## About a third of U.S. workers who can work from home now do so all the time reportMar 28, 2023 ## How the Pandemic Has Affected Attendance at U.S. Religious Services short readsMar 2, 2023 ## Mental health and the pandemic: What U.S. surveys have found ### Most Popular 1 Are you in the American middle class? Find out with our income calculator 2 What the data says about immigrants in the U.S. 3 Many Catholics in the U.S. and Latin America Want the Church to Allow Birth Control and to Let Women Become Priests 4 Why Many Parents and Teens Think It’s Harder Being a Teen Today 5 Key things to know about U.S. election polling in 2024 ## Report Materials * Report PDF * Topline * American Trends Panel Wave 78 ## Table of Contents ## Table of Contents * Sharp Divisions on Vote Counts, as Biden Gets High Marks for His Post-Election Conduct * 1\. Biden, Trump and the post-election period * 2\. Voters’ evaluations of the 2020 election process * 3\. The voting experience in 2020 * 4\. Voters’ reflections on the campaign * 5\. Key post-election issues: The pandemic and the economy * Acknowledgments * Appendix: Categorization of states based on COVID restrictions * Methodology 901 E St. NW, Suite 300Washington, DC 20004USA(+1) 202-419-4300 | Main(+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax(+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries #### Research Topics Politics & Policy International Affairs Immigration & Migration Race & Ethnicity Religion Age & Generations Gender & LGBTQ Family & Relationships Economy & Work Science Internet & Technology News Habits & Media Methodological Research #### Follow Us * Email Newsletters * Instagram * Facebook * X * Tumblr * YouTube * RSS Feed ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan, nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It does not take policy positions. The Center conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, computational social science research and other data-driven research. 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Says Donald Trump voted twice in the Nov 3 2020 election | 3,300 | Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World * Newsletters * Press * My Account * Donate * Contacted By Us? Read our research on: * Economy & Work * Hispanics * Election 2024 Search * Research Topics __ ##### Topics Politics & Policy International Affairs Immigration & Migration Race & Ethnicity Religion Age & Generations Gender & LGBTQ Family & Relationships Economy & Work Science Internet & Technology News Habits & Media Methodological Research Full Topic List ##### Regions & Countries Asia & the Pacific Europe & Russia Latin America Middle East & North Africa North America Sub-Saharan Africa Multiple Regions / Worldwide ##### Formats Feature Fact Sheet Video Data Essay * Publications * Our Methods * Short Reads * Tools & Resources * Experts * About Us * * Research Topics * Publications * Short Reads * Tools & Resources * About Pew Research Center * Newsletters * My Account * Contacted By Us? * Search Read Our Research On: * Economy & Work * Hispanics * Election 2024 Home Research Topics Politics & Policy U.S. Elections & Voters Voters & Voting Voter Participation * Short Reads | January 28, 2021 * X * Facebook * Threads * LinkedIn * WhatsApp Share # Turnout soared in 2020 as nearly two-thirds of eligible U.S. voters cast ballots for president By Drew DeSilver ![\\"Voters](\\" content/uploads/2021/01/FT_21.01.19_2020Turnout_feature.jpg?w=640\\"/)Voters cast their ballots at Metropolitan Library in Atlanta on Nov. 3, 2020. (Megan Varner/Getty Images) Americans voted in record numbers in last year’s presidential election, casting nearly 158.4 million ballots. That works out to more than six-in-ten people of voting age and nearly two-thirds of estimated eligible voters, according to a preliminary Pew Research Center analysis. ![\\"However](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2021/01/FT_21.01.19_2020Turnout_1a.png?w=310\\") Nationwide, presidential election turnout was about 7 percentage points higher than in 2016, regardless of which of three different turnout metrics we looked at: the estimated voting-age population as of July 1, that estimate adjusted to Nov. 1, and the estimated voting-eligible population, which subtracts noncitizens and ineligible felons and adds overseas eligible citizens. Based on these measures, turnout was the highest since at least 1980, the earliest year in our analysis, and possibly much longer. The rise in turnout was fueled in part by the bitter fight between incumbent President Donald Trump and challenger Joe Biden: A preelection survey found a record share of registered voters (83%) saying it “really matter[ed]” who won. But another big factor was the dramatic steps many states took to expand mail balloting and early voting because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Turnout rates increased in every state compared with 2016, but of the 10 states where it rose the most, seven conducted November’s vote entirely or mostly by mail, our analysis shows. Six of those states had recently adopted all-mail voting, either permanently (Utah and Hawaii) or for the 2020 elections only (California, New Jersey, Vermont and most of Montana). How we did this The past two months have been among the most turbulent post-election periods in American history, with unfounded but constantly repeated claims of voting fraud culminating in the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol by a mob of Trump supporters. Given the continuing divides over the 2020 presidential election, we wanted to put the actual, verified turnout into some broader context. (The Census Bureau typically releases a detailed report on registration and voting after every national election, but that’s not likely to come out for several months yet.) Measuring U.S. voter turnout is one of those things that seems intuitively straightforward but in practice is anything but. U.S. elections are run not by a single national agency, as in many other advanced democracies, but by individual states and counties within states. There is no central registry of eligible voters, no uniform rules for keeping registrations current, and no requirement to report vote totals in a consistent way. All of which means that calculating turnout rates inevitably involves judgment calls – both in choosing which votes to include (the numerator) and the population against which to compare them (the denominator). For this post, we originally wanted to base our analysis on total ballots counted, a metric that includes all ballots regardless of offices voted for. (It’s typically slightly higher than the presidential vote, since there are always some voters who skip that contest but vote in down-ballot races.) But not all states have reported total-ballots data, so we turned our attention to the presidential race, which nearly always is the one that attracts the most votes. We compiled the official votes cast and counted for all presidential candidates (including write-in votes, when available) in 2016 and 2020, as certified and reported by each state’s chief election office. For the 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 elections, for which we only needed aggregate nationwide vote totals, we relied on Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, supplemented when necessary by data from the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. For comparative purposes, we calculated the presidential-vote totals as percentages of three separate measures of the potential voter pool: the 18-and-over population as of July 1, as estimated by the Census Bureau; those numbers interpolated to Nov. 1 by Michael McDonald, a political scientist and turnout expert at the University of Florida; and McDonald’s estimate of the voting-eligible population, which subtracts noncitizens and ineligible felons and adds overseas eligible citizens. Estimated turnout rates for other countries, which we’ve previously written about, were obtained from the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, which works to promote and support democracy around the world. In Hawaii, turnout rose from 42.3% of the estimated voting-eligible population in 2016 to 57% last year, the biggest turnout increase in the country by this measurement. In Utah, turnout increased by about 11 percentage points, from 56.8% of estimated eligible voters in 2016 to nearly 68% in 2020. ![\\"Voter](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2021/01/FT_21.01.19_2020Turnout_2a.png?w=640\\") The smallest turnout increases, as shares of estimated eligible voters, were in North Dakota (3.3 percentage points), Arkansas (3 points) and Oklahoma (2.5 points). Interestingly, the District of Columbia’s adoption of all-mail voting for the 2020 election didn’t seem to affect turnout much: 63.7% of estimated eligible D.C. voters voted for president, 3.3 percentage points above the 2016 turnout level. Minnesota had the highest turnout of any state last year, with 79.4% of estimated eligible voters casting ballots for president. Colorado, Maine and Wisconsin all followed close behind, at about 75.5%; Washington state, at 75.2%, rounded out the top five. The lowest-turnout states were Tennessee (59.6% of estimated eligible voters), Hawaii and West Virginia (57% each), Arkansas (55.9%) and Oklahoma (54.8%). The Census Bureau will release its own estimates of turnout later this year, using a somewhat different methodology (people who say they voted as a share of estimated voting-age population). But based on the pattern of previous years, it’s likely the Census will show the highest turnout since the 1960s. Despite the big bump in turnout last year, the U.S. still lags behind most of its developed-nation peers when it comes to electoral participation. Out of 35 members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for which estimates of voting-age population in the most recent national election were available, U.S. turnout ranked an underwhelming 24th. Topics * Election 2020 * Voter Participation Share This Link: * X * Facebook * Threads * LinkedIn * WhatsApp Share ![\\"Download](\\" content/uploads/sites/20/2018/09/Desilver.jpg?w=320\\") Drew DeSilver is a senior writer at Pew Research Center. ### Related short readsFeb 8, 2022 ## Fewer Americans now say Trump bears a lot of responsibility for the Jan. 6 riot short readsJan 4, 2022 ## A look back at Americans’ reactions to the Jan. 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol short readsDec 17, 2021 ## Striking findings from 2021 reportSep 30, 2021 ## Charting Congress on Social Media in the 2016 and 2020 Elections short readsAug 30, 2021 ## Most White Americans who regularly attend worship services voted for Trump in 2020 ### TOPICS * Election 2020 * Voter Participation ### Most Popular 1 Are you in the American middle class? Find out with our income calculator 2 What the data says about immigrants in the U.S. 3 Many Catholics in the U.S. and Latin America Want the Church to Allow Birth Control and to Let Women Become Priests 4 Why Many Parents and Teens Think It’s Harder Being a Teen Today 5 Key things to know about U.S. election polling in 2024 901 E St. NW, Suite 300Washington, DC 20004USA(+1) 202-419-4300 | Main(+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax(+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries #### Research Topics Politics & Policy International Affairs Immigration & Migration Race & Ethnicity Religion Age & Generations Gender & LGBTQ Family & Relationships Economy & Work Science Internet & Technology News Habits & Media Methodological Research #### Follow Us * Email Newsletters * Instagram * Facebook * X * Tumblr * YouTube * RSS Feed ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan, nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. 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Corona caused the skin color of two Chinese doctors to change | 3,302 | * DEBUNKED * ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR News * All articles * Africa * Environment * Human Rights On the Observers * Become an Observer * Debunked * Verification guide * The Observers, the TV show * The Observers Direct On social networks * Facebook * X (Twitter) * YouTube * Instagram About the Observers * Who are we? * Contact us * Contact France 24 * Advertising * Work with us * Legal notice * Privacy * Cookies France Médias Monde websites * France 24 * RFI * RFI Savoirs * RFI Musique * RFI Instrumental * Mondoblog * MCD * InfoMigrants * CFI * Académie * France Médias Monde * Français * English * عربي * فارسی * Manage my privacy settings * All articles * Africa * Environment * Human RightsThe Observers - The France 24 Observers is both a website and a TV show focusing on international news through the lens of amateur images. All photos and videos are analyzed and verified by our team. China # Did these Chinese doctors’ skin turn black after getting Covid-19? There’s more to this story… Issued on: 24/04/2020 - 17:00Modified: 24/04/2020 - 17:23 ![\\"Rumours](\\" Rumours that Covid-19 could change people’s skin colour started circulating online after Chinese media broadcast these images. By: Alijani Ershad Follow Advertising Read more Photos of two Chinese doctors who survived Covid-19 in Wuhan, China, are circulating widely on social media and news outlets around the world. The photos are accompanied by the claim that their skin turned black after they were infected with the novel coronavirus. The claim is true - but the strange change in colour was only temporary. The published images are authentic: the cardiologist Yi Fan and the urologist Hu Weifeng were contaminated with Covid-19 in January. Both of them became seriously ill, until they both fell into comas and had to rely on life support machines to breathe. To display this content from YouTube, you must enable advertisement tracking and audience measurement. Accept Manage my choices On 18 April, Beijing TV, a local Chinese media broadcast a report featuring the two doctors [Watch from 09.00-12.00]. They were awake, but it seemed that their skin had darkened. These photos found their way to WhatsApp groups, Telegram channels, Facebook and Twitter, and soon a number of media started to claim that one of the effects of Covid-19 is a change in skin pigmentation. Screenshots of the report were first shared on Weibo, China’s most popular social network. The screenshots had the caption: “Don’t be fooled into thinking these two black people are Africans”. **Why the rumour is misleading** Despite what these posts say, the phenomenon of getting darker skin after Covid-19 is not permanent. The FRANCE 24 Observers team found a new video of Dr Yi Fan two days after the initial report was broadcast. ![\\"\\"](\\" ae4c-005056a9aa4d/doc_back.png\\") As we can see in the video, his skin colour has gone back to what it used to be. So despite the claims, this medical condition is only temporary. **What causes a change in skin colour?** Dr An Chuc is doctor based in Paris, an expert at the Paris Court of Appeal and also head of the medical-judicial unit of the Sud-Seine hospital group. She explains: > What we can see in these images are compatible with what we observe during > liver dysfunction in a patient. In reality, the skin isn’t turning black but > dark yellow. This is what we call jaundice. It also affects the conjonctive > [a membrane in the eye]. > > The change in colour is a result of the liver being unable to process waste. > Often this can be caused by contracting a viral disease, so in this case it > could have been caused by Covid-19. It often happens with viral hepatitis, > and can be caused by drug poisoning too. However, neither I nor my > colleagues have ever seen this happen to that extent. Chinese medical teams also attributed the phenomenon to liver dysfunction. According to local media, liver dysfunction could be a result of the drugs the patients were taking or because the virus temporarily increased the level of iron in their blood, leading to a temporary change in skin colour. Article by:ErshadAlijani Download the app Share : Read more on related topics: * Covid-19 * China * Debunked Home News Videos Contribute Menu Page not found The content you requested does not exist or is not available anymore. |
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US News # Chinese doctors’ skin turns dark after coronavirus recovery By Yaron Steinbuch Published April 21, 2020 Updated April 21, 2020, 12:58 p.m. ET Sign up for our special edition newsletter to get a daily update on the coronavirus pandemic. ## Explore More * ### Kamala Harris campaign still mandating employees get COVID vax * ### Joe Biden was possibly ‘sick or injured’ as cops prepared to meet him at hospital days before he dropped out of ‘24 race: audio * ### Judges tosses wrongful death suit against Cuomo over order requiring COVID patients into nursing homes Two Chinese doctors who were infected with the coronavirus while treating patients in the epicenter city of Wuhan survived the deadly illness – but their skin turned very dark after they were placed on life support, according to a report. Dr. Yi Fan and Dr. Hu Weifeng, both 42, were both diagnosed with COVID-19 on Jan. 18 while working at the Wuhan Central Hospital, the UK’s Metro reported. The gravely ill physicians were taken to the Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital and then transferred twice, according to state broadcaster CCTV. The two men’s changed skin color was attributed to a hormonal imbalance after their livers were damaged by the bug, Chinese state media reported. ![\\"Dr.](\\" content/uploads/sites/2/2020/04/chinese-skin-color- doctors-01.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&w=662\\")Dr. Yi Fan, Dr. Hu WeifengBTV via Youtube But one doctor suspected that their skin turned dark due to a specific drug they received at the beginning of their treatment. Yi, a cardiologist, was hooked up to an ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) life support machine for 39 days. The machine, which is similar to the heart-lung bypass machine used in open- heart surgery, pumps and oxygenates a patient’s blood outside the body. “When I first gained consciousness, especially after I got to know about my condition, I felt scared. I had nightmares often,” Yi told CCTV from his hospital bed. Hu, a urologist, has been bedridden for 99 days and is still very weak after undergoing ECMO therapy from Feb. 7 to March 22, according to his physician, Dr. Li Shusheng. He only regained his ability to speak on April 11, said Li, who added that the doctors’ normal color is expected to return when their liver functions improve. Yi and Hu both worked with whistleblower Dr. Li Wenliang, who was punished for sounding the alarm over the coronavirus and died of the illness on Feb. 7. Both men are receiving mental health support as a result of their traumatic experiences. 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Corona caused the skin color of two Chinese doctors to change | 3,302 | ![\\"nygov- logo\\"](\\"/profiles/custom/webny/themes/custom/webny_theme/images/nygov- logo.png\\"/)Navigation Menu Toggle # COVID-19 * Vaccine * Vaccine * Vaccine Safety * Vaccine for Children * Vaccine for Pregnant New Yorkers * FAQs * Testing * Treatment * Prevention & Symptoms * Data * Providers * Providers * Oral Antivirals * Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics * Vaccine Information * Guidance * News COVID-19 # Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) TOP Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) ## SHARE Share by Email Share by Facebook Share by Twitter Sections * See All * Overview & Stats * Symptoms * Information for Healthcare Providers * Additional Resources ## Overview & Stats MIS-C is a rare condition that sometimes occurs in children who have had COVID-19 infection. Symptoms of MIS-C typically develop two or more weeks following infection with COVID-19 and involves inflammation of different parts of the body, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, or gastrointestinal system. What causes some children to develop MIS-C is not known. MIS-C can be serious or even deadly, but most children recover with medical care. As of October 1, 2024, the New York State Department of Health has investigated and confirmed 937 cases of MIS-C and 4 deaths attributed to MIS-C in New York children (under 21 years old). Of the children confirmed as MIS-C cases, 94 percent tested positive for COVID-19 either by diagnostic tests (PCR or antigen), antibody tests or both. As of 10/15/21, only confirmed MIS-C cases are being reported. Age of Cases (as of October 1, 2024) Age | Percent of Cases ---|--- <1 | 4% 1-4 | 24% 5-11 | 44% 12-15 | 17% 16-20 | 11% Race and Ethnicity of Cases (as of October 1, 2024) Race | Percent of Cases ---|--- White | 34% Black | 30% Other | 18% Asian | 5% Unknown | 13% Ethnicity | Percent of Cases ---|--- Not Hispanic | 61% Hispanic/Latino | 22% Unknown | 17% Next Section Continue Symptoms ## Symptoms Though most children who get COVID-19 experience only mild symptoms, some children experience severe illness after an apparent recovery from COVID-19 infection. Symptoms of MIS-C may occur two or more weeks after acute COVID-19 illness. Should your child develop any of the following symptoms following COVID-19 illness, you should seek immediate care for your child from your child’s healthcare provider: * Fever * Bloodshot eyes * Skin Rash * Inflammation of oral mucosa * Stomach Pain * Diarrhea * Vomiting * Difficulty feeding (infants) or is too sick to drink fluids Should your child develop any of the following severe symptoms, you should seek emergency medical care when the child has: * Change in skin color - becoming pale, patchy and/or blue * Trouble breathing or is breathing very quickly * Racing heart or chest pain * Decreased amount or frequency of urine * Confusion, not acting right, or won’t wake up or stay awake Early recognition by pediatricians and referral to a specialist including to critical care are essential. Next Section Continue Information for Healthcare Providers ## Information for Healthcare Providers ### MIS-C Case Definition The MIS-C case definition includes clinical, general/virologic laboratory, and epidemiological criteria. * Age: Age <21 years * Fever: Subjective or documented fever (≥38.0°C) Note: fever no longer needs to exceed 24 hours * Illness Severity: Illness with clinical severity requiring hospitalization or resulting in death * Alternative Diagnosis: A more likely alternative diagnosis is not present* * Laboratory markers of inflammation: C-reactive protein ≥3.0 mg/dL (30 mg/L) #### Organ System Involvement (2 or more)** ##### Cardiac * Left ventricular ejection fraction <55% * Coronary artery dilatation, aneurysm, or ectasia * Troponin elevated above laboratory normal range or indicated as elevated in a clinical note ##### Shock * Clinician diagnosis documented in medical records. ##### Hematologic * Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000 cells/μL) * Lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count [ALC] <1,000 cells/μL) ##### Gastrointestinal * Abdominal pain * Vomiting * Diarrhea ##### Dermatologic/Mucocutaneous * Rash * Inflammation of the oral mucosa * Conjunctivitis or conjunctival injection * Extremity findings #### Laboratory Testing Criteria or Epidemiologic Linkage Criteria (1 or more) ##### Laboratory Testing * Positive viral test (i.e., NAAT/PCR or antigen) up to 60 days prior to or during hospitalization, or in post-mortem specimen*** * Detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies associated with current illness^ ##### Epidemiologic Linkage * Close contact with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19 disease in the 60 days prior to hospitalization ##### Death Certificate * Death certificate lists MIS-C as an underlying cause of death or a significant condition contributing to death‡ #### Additional Information * Information for Healthcare Providers about Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) - CDC * Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in New York State – The New England Journal of Medicine Clinicians with questions can contact the NYSDOH Bureau of Communicable Disease Control by email at [email protected] or by phone at 518-473-4439 during business hours or 1-866-881-2809 evenings, weekends, and holidays. #### Notes *Kawasaki Disease (KD) may be an acceptable alternative diagnosis. If a final diagnosis of KD is made, these cases should NOT be reported to MIS-C surveillance. **Renal, respiratory, and neurologic involvement were previously case defining, but are no longer included in the current case definition. ***Positive molecular or antigen results from self-administered testing meet laboratory criteria. ^Detection of anti-nucleocapsid antibody is specific to a SARS-CoV-2 infection, while anti-spike protein antibody may be a result of COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. ‡Consider MIS-C in any pediatric death with evidence of recent COVID-19 infection or vaccination. ## Guidance * ### Revised Case Definition: Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) February 24, 2023 - Effective January 1, 2023, NYSDOH implemented a revised surveillance case definition for multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination. This guidance supersedes previous NYSDOH MIS-C case definition health advisories (January 28, 2022; May 13, 2020). Download Next Section Continue Additional Resources ### Additional Resources The American Academy of Pediatrics interim guidance for Multisystem Inflammator… COVID-19 * Accessibility * Centers for Disease Control and Prevention * Department of Health * Disclaimer * File Formats Used on this Web Site * Language Assistance * Privacy Policy * Site Map ## CONNECT WITH US * FACEBOOK * PINTEREST * TWITTER * YOUTUBE |
Our company is accepted by several countries and has always been guided by ethics morals and good customs we will never surrender to governments that do not think about their population and abuse their power with more taxes thus harming not only the population that likes our products but also also of the thousands of jobs that our company offers We will close full and unrestricted activities at 700 pm on Friday 032423 | 3,303 | Skip to Main Content Library of Congress ![\\"\\"](\\" padded.svg\\"/) Research Guides ![\\"\\"](\\" Search this GuideSearch 1. Library of Congress 2. Research Guides 3. Main Reading Room 4. Federalist Papers: Primary Documents in American History 5. Federalist Nos. 51-60 # Federalist Papers: Primary Documents in American History * Introduction * Full Text of The Federalist Papers * Federalist Nos. 1-10 * Federalist Nos. 11-20 * Federalist Nos. 21-30 * Federalist Nos. 31-40 * Federalist Nos. 41-50 * Federalist Nos. 51-60 * Federalist Nos. 61-70 * Federalist Nos. 71-80 * Federalist Nos. 81-85 * Related Digital Resources * External Websites * Print Resources # Federalist Nos. 51-60 ## Table of Contents Federalist No. 51 | Federalist No. 52 | Federalist No. 53 | Federalist No. 54 | Federalist No. 55 | Federalist No. 56 | Federalist No. 57 | Federalist No. 58 | Federalist No. 59 | Federalist No. 60 ## Federalist No. 51 The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments From the New York Packet Friday, February 8, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: TO WHAT expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is, that as all these exterior provisions are found to be inadequate, the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places. Without presuming to undertake a full development of this important idea, I will hazard a few general observations, which may perhaps place it in a clearer light, and enable us to form a more correct judgment of the principles and structure of the government planned by the convention. In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. Were this principle rigorously adhered to, it would require that all the appointments for the supreme executive, legislative, and judiciary magistracies should be drawn from the same fountain of authority, the people, through channels having no communication whatever with one another. Perhaps such a plan of constructing the several departments would be less difficult in practice than it may in contemplation appear. Some difficulties, however, and some additional expense would attend the execution of it. Some deviations, therefore, from the principle must be admitted. In the constitution of the judiciary department in particular, it might be inexpedient to insist rigorously on the principle: first, because peculiar qualifications being essential in the members, the primary consideration ought to be to select that mode of choice which best secures these qualifications; secondly, because the permanent tenure by which the appointments are held in that department, must soon destroy all sense of dependence on the authority conferring them. It is equally evident, that the members of each department should be as little dependent as possible on those of the others, for the emoluments annexed to their offices. Were the executive magistrate, or the judges, not independent of the legislature in this particular, their independence in every other would be merely nominal. But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. This policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives, might be traced through the whole system of human affairs, private as well as public. We see it particularly displayed in all the subordinate distributions of power, where the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other that the private interest of every individual may be a sentinel over the public rights. These inventions of prudence cannot be less requisite in the distribution of the supreme powers of the State. But it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates. The remedy for this inconveniency is to divide the legislature into different branches; and to render them, by different modes of election and different principles of action, as little connected with each other as the nature of their common functions and their common dependence on the society will admit. It may even be necessary to guard against dangerous encroachments by still further precautions. As the weight of the legislative authority requires that it should be thus divided, the weakness of the executive may require, on the other hand, that it should be fortified. An absolute negative on the legislature appears, at first view, to be the natural defense with which the executive magistrate should be armed. But perhaps it would be neither altogether safe nor alone sufficient. On ordinary occasions it might not be exerted with the requisite firmness, and on extraordinary occasions it might be perfidiously abused. May not this defect of an absolute negative be supplied by some qualified connection between this weaker department and the weaker branch of the stronger department, by which the latter may be led to support the constitutional rights of the former, without being too much detached from the rights of its own department? If the principles on which these observations are founded be just, as I persuade myself they are, and they be applied as a criterion to the several State constitutions, and to the federal Constitution it will be found that if the latter does not perfectly correspond with them, the former are infinitely less able to bear such a test. There are, moreover, two considerations particularly applicable to the federal system of America, which place that system in a very interesting point of view. First. In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government; and the usurpations are guarded against by a division of the government into distinct and separate departments. In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. Second. It is of great importance in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of the society against the injustice of the other part. Different interests necessarily exist in different classes of citizens. If a majority be united by a common interest, the rights of the minority will be insecure. There are but two methods of providing against this evil: the one by creating a will in the community independent of the majority that is, of the society itself; the other, by comprehending in the society so many separate descriptions of citizens as will render an unjust combination of a majority of the whole very improbable, if not impracticable. The first method prevails in all governments possessing an hereditary or self-appointed authority. This, at best, is but a precarious security; because a power independent of the society may as well espouse the unjust views of the major, as the rightful interests of the minor party, and may possibly be turned against both parties. The second method will be exemplified in the federal republic of the United States. Whilst all authority in it will be derived from and dependent on the society, the society itself will be broken into so many parts, interests, and classes of citizens, that the rights of individuals, or of the minority, will be in little danger from interested combinations of the majority. In a free government the security for civil rights must be the same as that for religious rights. It consists in the one case in the multiplicity of interests, and in the other in the multiplicity of sects. The degree of security in both cases will depend on the number of interests and sects; and this may be presumed to depend on the extent of country and number of people comprehended under the same government. This view of the subject must particularly recommend a proper federal system to all the sincere and considerate friends of republican government, since it shows that in exact proportion as the territory of the Union may be formed into more circumscribed Confederacies, or States oppressive combinations of a majority will be facilitated: the best security, under the republican forms, for the rights of every class of citizens, will be diminished: and consequently the stability and independence of some member of the government, the only other security, must be proportionately increased. Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been and ever will be pursued until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit. In a society under the forms of which the stronger faction can readily unite and oppress the weaker, anarchy may as truly be said to reign as in a state of nature, where the weaker individual is not secured against the violence of the stronger; and as, in the latter state, even the stronger individuals are prompted, by the uncertainty of their condition, to submit to a government which may protect the weak as well as themselves; so, in the former state, will the more powerful factions or parties be gradnally induced, by a like motive, to wish for a government which will protect all parties, the weaker as well as the more powerful. It can be little doubted that if the State of Rhode Island was separated from the Confederacy and left to itself, the insecurity of rights under the popular form of government within such narrow limits would be displayed by such reiterated oppressions of factious majorities that some power altogether independent of the people would soon be called for by the voice of the very factions whose misrule had proved the necessity of it. In the extended republic of the United States, and among the great variety of interests, parties, and sects which it embraces, a coalition of a majority of the whole society could seldom take place on any other principles than those of justice and the general good; whilst there being thus less danger to a minor from the will of a major party, there must be less pretext, also, to provide for the security of the former, by introducing into the government a will not dependent on the latter, or, in other words, a will independent of the society itself. It is no less certain than it is important, notwithstanding the contrary opinions which have been entertained, that the larger the society, provided it lie within a practical sphere, the more duly capable it will be of self-government. And happily for the REPUBLICAN CAUSE, the practicable sphere may be carried to a very great extent, by a judicious modification and mixture of the FEDERAL PRINCIPLE. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 52 The House of Representatives From the New York Packet Friday, February 8, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: FROM the more general inquiries pursued in the four last papers, I pass on to a more particular examination of the several parts of the government. I shall begin with the House of Representatives. The first view to be taken of this part of the government relates to the qualifications of the electors and the elected. Those of the former are to be the same with those of the electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. The definition of the right of suffrage is very justly regarded as a fundamental article of republican government. It was incumbent on the convention, therefore, to define and establish this right in the Constitution. To have left it open for the occasional regulation of the Congress, would have been improper for the reason just mentioned. To have submitted it to the legislative discretion of the States, would have been improper for the same reason; and for the additional reason that it would have rendered too dependent on the State governments that branch of the federal government which ought to be dependent on the people alone. To have reduced the different qualifications in the different States to one uniform rule, would probably have been as dissatisfactory to some of the States as it would have been difficult to the convention. The provision made by the convention appears, therefore, to be the best that lay within their option. It must be satisfactory to every State, because it is conformable to the standard already established, or which may be established, by the State itself. It will be safe to the United States, because, being fixed by the State constitutions, it is not alterable by the State governments, and it cannot be feared that the people of the States will alter this part of their constitutions in such a manner as to abridge the rights secured to them by the federal Constitution. The qualifications of the elected, being less carefully and properly defined by the State constitutions, and being at the same time more susceptible of uniformity, have been very properly considered and regulated by the convention. A representative of the United States must be of the age of twenty-five years; must have been seven years a citizen of the United States; must, at the time of his election, be an inhabitant of the State he is to represent; and, during the time of his service, must be in no office under the United States. Under these reasonable limitations, the door of this part of the federal government is open to merit of every description, whether native or adoptive, whether young or old, and without regard to poverty or wealth, or to any particular profession of religious faith. The term for which the representatives are to be elected falls under a second view which may be taken of this branch. In order to decide on the propriety of this article, two questions must be considered: first, whether biennial elections will, in this case, be safe; secondly, whether they be necessary or useful. First. As it is essential to liberty that the government in general should have a common interest with the people, so it is particularly essential that the branch of it under consideration should have an immediate dependence on, and an intimate sympathy with, the people. Frequent elections are unquestionably the only policy by which this dependence and sympathy can be effectually secured. But what particular degree of frequency may be absolutely necessary for the purpose, does not appear to be susceptible of any precise calculation, and must depend on a variety of circumstances with which it may be connected. Let us consult experience, the guide that ought always to be followed whenever it can be found. The scheme of representation, as a substitute for a meeting of the citizens in person, being at most but very imperfectly known to ancient polity, it is in more modern times only that we are to expect instructive examples. And even here, in order to avoid a research too vague and diffusive, it will be proper to confine ourselves to the few examples which are best known, and which bear the greatest analogy to our particular case. The first to which this character ought to be applied, is the House of Commons in Great Britain. The history of this branch of the English Constitution, anterior to the date of Magna Charta, is too obscure to yield instruction. The very existence of it has been made a question among political antiquaries. The earliest records of subsequent date prove that parliaments were to SIT only every year; not that they were to be ELECTED every year. And even these annual sessions were left so much at the discretion of the monarch, that, under various pretexts, very long and dangerous intermissions were often contrived by royal ambition. To remedy this grievance, it was provided by a statute in the reign of Charles II. , that the intermissions should not be protracted beyond a period of three years. On the accession of William III. , when a revolution took place in the government, the subject was still more seriously resumed, and it was declared to be among the fundamental rights of the people that parliaments ought to be held FREQUENTLY. By another statute, which passed a few years later in the same reign, the term \"frequently,\" which had alluded to the triennial period settled in the time of Charles II. , is reduced to a precise meaning, it being expressly enacted that a new parliament shall be called within three years after the termination of the former. The last change, from three to seven years, is well known to have been introduced pretty early in the present century, under on alarm for the Hanoverian succession. From these facts it appears that the greatest frequency of elections which has been deemed necessary in that kingdom, for binding the representatives to their constituents, does not exceed a triennial return of them. And if we may argue from the degree of liberty retained even under septennial elections, and all the other vicious ingredients in the parliamentary constitution, we cannot doubt that a reduction of the period from seven to three years, with the other necessary reforms, would so far extend the influence of the people over their representatives as to satisfy us that biennial elections, under the federal system, cannot possibly be dangerous to the requisite dependence of the House of Representatives on their constituents. Elections in Ireland, till of late, were regulated entirely by the discretion of the crown, and were seldom repeated, except on the accession of a new prince, or some other contingent event. The parliament which commenced with George II. was continued throughout his whole reign, a period of about thirty-five years. The only dependence of the representatives on the people consisted in the right of the latter to supply occasional vacancies by the election of new members, and in the chance of some event which might produce a general new election. The ability also of the Irish parliament to maintain the rights of their constituents, so far as the disposition might exist, was extremely shackled by the control of the crown over the subjects of their deliberation. Of late these shackles, if I mistake not, have been broken; and octennial parliaments have besides been established. What effect may be produced by this partial reform, must be left to further experience. The example of Ireland, from this view of it, can throw but little light on the subject. As far as we can draw any conclusion from it, it must be that if the people of that country have been able under all these disadvantages to retain any liberty whatever, the advantage of biennial elections would secure to them every degree of liberty, which might depend on a due connection between their representatives and themselves. Let us bring our inquiries nearer home. The example of these States, when British colonies, claims particular attention, at the same time that it is so well known as to require little to be said on it. The principle of representation, in one branch of the legislature at least, was established in all of them. But the periods of election were different. They varied from one to seven years. Have we any reason to infer, from the spirit and conduct of the representatives of the people, prior to the Revolution, that biennial elections would have been dangerous to the public liberties? The spirit which everywhere displayed itself at the commencement of the struggle, and which vanquished the obstacles to independence, is the best of proofs that a sufficient portion of liberty had been everywhere enjoyed to inspire both a sense of its worth and a zeal for its proper enlargement This remark holds good, as well with regard to the then colonies whose elections were least frequent, as to those whose elections were most frequent Virginia was the colony which stood first in resisting the parliamentary usurpations of Great Britain; it was the first also in espousing, by public act, the resolution of independence. In Virginia, nevertheless, if I have not been misinformed, elections under the former government were septennial. This particular example is brought into view, not as a proof of any peculiar merit, for the priority in those instances was probably accidental; and still less of any advantage in SEPTENNIAL elections, for when compared with a greater frequency they are inadmissible; but merely as a proof, and I conceive it to be a very substantial proof, that the liberties of the people can be in no danger from BIENNIAL elections. The conclusion resulting from these examples will be not a little strengthened by recollecting three circumstances. The first is, that the federal legislature will possess a part only of that supreme legislative authority which is vested completely in the British Parliament; and which, with a few exceptions, was exercised by the colonial assemblies and the Irish legislature. It is a received and well-founded maxim, that where no other circumstances affect the case, the greater the power is, the shorter ought to be its duration; and, conversely, the smaller the power, the more safely may its duration be protracted. In the second place, it has, on another occasion, been shown that the federal legislature will not only be restrained by its dependence on its people, as other legislative bodies are, but that it will be, moreover, watched and controlled by the several collateral legislatures, which other legislative bodies are not. And in the third place, no comparison can be made between the means that will be possessed by the more permanent branches of the federal government for seducing, if they should be disposed to seduce, the House of Representatives from their duty to the people, and the means of influence over the popular branch possessed by the other branches of the government above cited. With less power, therefore, to abuse, the federal representatives can be less tempted on one side, and will be doubly watched on the other. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 53 The Same Subject Continued: The House of Representatives From the New York Packet Tuesday, February 12, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: I SHALL here, perhaps, be reminded of a current observation, \"that where annual elections end, tyranny begins. \" If it be true, as has often been remarked, that sayings which become proverbial are generally founded in reason, it is not less true, that when once established, they are often applied to cases to which the reason of them does not extend. I need not look for a proof beyond the case before us. What is the reason on which this proverbial observation is founded? No man will subject himself to the ridicule of pretending that any natural connection subsists between the sun or the seasons, and the period within which human virtue can bear the temptations of power. Happily for mankind, liberty is not, in this respect, confined to any single point of time; but lies within extremes, which afford sufficient latitude for all the variations which may be required by the various situations and circumstances of civil society. The election of magistrates might be, if it were found expedient, as in some instances it actually has been, daily, weekly, or monthly, as well as annual; and if circumstances may require a deviation from the rule on one side, why not also on the other side? Turning our attention to the periods established among ourselves, for the election of the most numerous branches of the State legislatures, we find them by no means coinciding any more in this instance, than in the elections of other civil magistrates. In Connecticut and Rhode Island, the periods are half-yearly. In the other States, South Carolina excepted, they are annual. In South Carolina they are biennial as is proposed in the federal government. Here is a difference, as four to one, between the longest and shortest periods; and yet it would be not easy to show, that Connecticut or Rhode Island is better governed, or enjoys a greater share of rational liberty, than South Carolina; or that either the one or the other of these States is distinguished in these respects, and by these causes, from the States whose elections are different from both. In searching for the grounds of this doctrine, I can discover but one, and that is wholly inapplicable to our case. The important distinction so well understood in America, between a Constitution established by the people and unalterable by the government, and a law established by the government and alterable by the government, seems to have been little understood and less observed in any other country. Wherever the supreme power of legislation has resided, has been supposed to reside also a full power to change the form of the government. Even in Great Britain, where the principles of political and civil liberty have been most discussed, and where we hear most of the rights of the Constitution, it is maintained that the authority of the Parliament is transcendent and uncontrollable, as well with regard to the Constitution, as the ordinary objects of legislative provision. They have accordingly, in several instances, actually changed, by legislative acts, some of the most fundamental articles of the government. They have in particular, on several occasions, changed the period of election; and, on the last occasion, not only introduced septennial in place of triennial elections, but by the same act, continued themselves in place four years beyond the term for which they were elected by the people. An attention to these dangerous practices has produced a very natural alarm in the votaries of free government, of which frequency of elections is the corner-stone; and has led them to seek for some security to liberty, against the danger to which it is exposed. Where no Constitution, paramount to the government, either existed or could be obtained, no constitutional security, similar to that established in the United States, was to be attempted. Some other security, therefore, was to be sought for; and what better security would the case admit, than that of selecting and appealing to some simple and familiar portion of time, as a standard for measuring the danger of innovations, for fixing the national sentiment, and for uniting the patriotic exertions? The most simple and familiar portion of time, applicable to the subject was that of a year; and hence the doctrine has been inculcated by a laudable zeal, to erect some barrier against the gradual innovations of an unlimited government, that the advance towards tyranny was to be calculated by the distance of departure from the fixed point of annual elections. But what necessity can there be of applying this expedient to a government limited, as the federal government will be, by the authority of a paramount Constitution? Or who will pretend that the liberties of the people of America will not be more secure under biennial elections, unalterably fixed by such a Constitution, than those of any other nation would be, where elections were annual, or even more frequent, but subject to alterations by the ordinary power of the government? The second question stated is, whether biennial elections be necessary or useful. The propriety of answering this question in the affirmative will appear from several very obvious considerations. No man can be a competent legislator who does not add to an upright intention and a sound judgment a certain degree of knowledge of the subjects on which he is to legislate. A part of this knowledge may be acquired by means of information which lie within the compass of men in private as well as public stations. Another part can only be attained, or at least thoroughly attained, by actual experience in the station which requires the use of it. The period of service, ought, therefore, in all such cases, to bear some proportion to the extent of practical knowledge requisite to the due performance of the service. The period of legislative service established in most of the States for the more numerous branch is, as we have seen, one year. The question then may be put into this simple form: does the period of two years bear no greater proportion to the knowledge requisite for federal legislation than one year does to the knowledge requisite for State legislation? The very statement of the question, in this form, suggests the answer that ought to be given to it. In a single State, the requisite knowledge relates to the existing laws which are uniform throughout the State, and with which all the citizens are more or less conversant; and to the general affairs of the State, which lie within a small compass, are not very diversified, and occupy much of the attention and conversation of every class of people. The great theatre of the United States presents a very different scene. The laws are so far from being uniform, that they vary in every State; whilst the public affairs of the Union are spread throughout a very extensive region, and are extremely diversified by the local affairs connected with them, and can with difficulty be correctly learnt in any other place than in the central councils to which a knowledge of them will be brought by the representatives of every part of the empire. Yet some knowledge of the affairs, and even of the laws, of all the States, ought to be possessed by the members from each of the States. How can foreign trade be properly regulated by uniform laws, without some acquaintance with the commerce, the ports, the usages, and the regulations of the different States? How can the trade between the different States be duly regulated, without some knowledge of their relative situations in these and other respects? How can taxes be judiciously imposed and effectually collected, if they be not accommodated to the different laws and local circumstances relating to these objects in the different States? How can uniform regulations for the militia be duly provided, without a similar knowledge of many internal circumstances by which the States are distinguished from each other? These are the principal objects of federal legislation, and suggest most forcibly the extensive information which the representatives ought to acquire. The other interior objects will require a proportional degree of information with regard to them. It is true that all these difficulties will, by degrees, be very much diminished. The most laborious task will be the proper inauguration of the government and the primeval formation of a federal code. Improvements on the first draughts will every year become both easier and fewer. Past transactions of the government will be a ready and accurate source of information to new members. The affairs of the Union will become more and more objects of curiosity and conversation among the citizens at large. And the increased intercourse among those of different States will contribute not a little to diffuse a mutual knowledge of their affairs, as this again will contribute to a general assimilation of their manners and laws. But with all these abatements, the business of federal legislation must continue so far to exceed, both in novelty and difficulty, the legislative business of a single State, as to justify the longer period of service assigned to those who are to transact it. A branch of knowledge which belongs to the acquirements of a federal representative, and which has not been mentioned is that of foreign affairs. In regulating our own commerce he ought to be not only acquainted with the treaties between the United States and other nations, but also with the commercial policy and laws of other nations. He ought not to be altogether ignorant of the law of nations; for that, as far as it is a proper object of municipal legislation, is submitted to the federal government. And although the House of Representatives is not immediately to participate in foreign negotiations and arrangements, yet from the necessary connection between the several branches of public affairs, those particular branches will frequently deserve attention in the ordinary course of legislation, and will sometimes demand particular legislative sanction and co-operation. Some portion of this knowledge may, no doubt, be acquired in a man\'s closet; but some of it also can only be derived from the public sources of information; and all of it will be acquired to best effect by a practical attention to the subject during the period of actual service in the legislature. There are other considerations, of less importance, perhaps, but which are not unworthy of notice. The distance which many of the representatives will be obliged to travel, and the arrangements rendered necessary by that circumstance, might be much more serious objections with fit men to this service, if limited to a single year, than if extended to two years. No argument can be drawn on this subject, from the case of the delegates to the existing Congress. They are elected annually, it is true; but their re- election is considered by the legislative assemblies almost as a matter of course. The election of the representatives by the people would not be governed by the same principle. A few of the members, as happens in all such assemblies, will possess superior talents; will, by frequent reelections, become members of long standing; will be thoroughly masters of the public business, and perhaps not unwilling to avail themselves of those advantages. The greater the proportion of new members, and the less the information of the bulk of the members the more apt will they be to fall into the snares that may be laid for them. This remark is no less applicable to the relation which will subsist between the House of Representatives and the Senate. It is an inconvenience mingled with the advantages of our frequent elections even in single States, where they are large, and hold but one legislative session in a year, that spurious elections cannot be investigated and annulled in time for the decision to have its due effect. If a return can be obtained, no matter by what unlawful means, the irregular member, who takes his seat of course, is sure of holding it a sufficient time to answer his purposes. Hence, a very pernicious encouragement is given to the use of unlawful means, for obtaining irregular returns. Were elections for the federal legislature to be annual, this practice might become a very serious abuse, particularly in the more distant States. Each house is, as it necessarily must be, the judge of the elections, qualifications, and returns of its members; and whatever improvements may be suggested by experience, for simplifying and accelerating the process in disputed cases, so great a portion of a year would unavoidably elapse, before an illegitimate member could be dispossessed of his seat, that the prospect of such an event would be little check to unfair and illicit means of obtaining a seat. All these considerations taken together warrant us in affirming, that biennial elections will be as useful to the affairs of the public as we have seen that they will be safe to the liberty of the people. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 54 The Apportionment of Members Among the States From the New York Packet Tuesday, February 12, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: THE next view which I shall take of the House of Representatives relates to the appointment of its members to the several States which is to be determined by the same rule with that of direct taxes. It is not contended that the number of people in each State ought not to be the standard for regulating the proportion of those who are to represent the people of each State. The establishment of the same rule for the appointment of taxes, will probably be as little contested; though the rule itself in this case, is by no means founded on the same principle. In the former case, the rule is understood to refer to the personal rights of the people, with which it has a natural and universal connection. In the latter, it has reference to the proportion of wealth, of which it is in no case a precise measure, and in ordinary cases a very unfit one. But notwithstanding the imperfection of the rule as applied to the relative wealth and contributions of the States, it is evidently the least objectionable among the practicable rules, and had too recently obtained the general sanction of America, not to have found a ready preference with the convention. All this is admitted, it will perhaps be said; but does it follow, from an admission of numbers for the measure of representation, or of slaves combined with free citizens as a ratio of taxation, that slaves ought to be included in the numerical rule of representation? Slaves are considered as property, not as persons. They ought therefore to be comprehended in estimates of taxation which are founded on property, and to be excluded from representation which is regulated by a census of persons. This is the objection, as I understand it, stated in its full force. I shall be equally candid in stating the reasoning which may be offered on the opposite side. \"We subscribe to the doctrine,\" might one of our Southern brethren observe, \"that representation relates more immediately to persons, and taxation more immediately to property, and we join in the application of this distinction to the case of our slaves. But we must deny the fact, that slaves are considered merely as property, and in no respect whatever as persons. The true state of the case is, that they partake of both these qualities: being considered by our laws, in some respects, as persons, and in other respects as property. In being compelled to labor, not for himself, but for a master; in being vendible by one master to another master; and in being subject at all times to be restrained in his liberty and chastised in his body, by the capricious will of another, the slave may appear to be degraded from the human rank, and classed with those irrational animals which fall under the legal denomination of property. In being protected, on the other hand, in his life and in his limbs, against the violence of all others, even the master of his labor and his liberty; and in being punishable himself for all violence committed against others, the slave is no less evidently regarded by the law as a member of the society, not as a part of the irrational creation; as a moral person, not as a mere article of property. The federal Constitution, therefore, decides with great propriety on the case of our slaves, when it views them in the mixed character of persons and of property. This is in fact their true character. It is the character bestowed on them by the laws under which they live; and it will not be denied, that these are the proper criterion; because it is only under the pretext that the laws have transformed the negroes into subjects of property, that a place is disputed them in the computation of numbers; and it is admitted, that if the laws were to restore the rights which have been taken away, the negroes could no longer be refused an equal share of representation with the other inhabitants. \"This question may be placed in another light. It is agreed on all sides, that numbers are the best scale of wealth and taxation, as they are the only proper scale of representation. Would the convention have been impartial or consistent, if they had rejected the slaves from the list of inhabitants, when the shares of representation were to be calculated, and inserted them on the lists when the tariff of contributions was to be adjusted? Could it be reasonably expected, that the Southern States would concur in a system, which considered their slaves in some degree as men, when burdens were to be imposed, but refused to consider them in the same light, when advantages were to be conferred? Might not some surprise also be expressed, that those who reproach the Southern States with the barbarous policy of considering as property a part of their human brethren, should themselves contend, that the government to which all the States are to be parties, ought to consider this unfortunate race more completely in the unnatural light of property, than the very laws of which they complain? \"It may be replied, perhaps, that slaves are not included in the estimate of representatives in any of the States possessing them. They neither vote themselves nor increase the votes of their masters. Upon what principle, then, ought they to be taken into the federal estimate of representation? In rejecting them altogether, the Constitution would, in this respect, have followed the very laws which have been appealed to as the proper guide. \"This objection is repelled by a single observation. It is a fundamental principle of the proposed Constitution, that as the aggregate number of representatives allotted to the several States is to be determined by a federal rule, founded on the aggregate number of inhabitants, so the right of choosing this allotted number in each State is to be exercised by such part of the inhabitants as the State itself may designate. The qualifications on which the right of suffrage depend are not, perhaps, the same in any two States. In some of the States the difference is very material. In every State, a certain proportion of inhabitants are deprived of this right by the constitution of the State, who will be included in the census by which the federal Constitution apportions the representatives. In this point of view the Southern States might retort the complaint, by insisting that the principle laid down by the convention required that no regard should be had to the policy of particular States towards their own inhabitants; and consequently, that the slaves, as inhabitants, should have been admitted into the census according to their full number, in like manner with other inhabitants, who, by the policy of other States, are not admitted to all the rights of citizens. A rigorous adherence, however, to this principle, is waived by those who would be gainers by it. All that they ask is that equal moderation be shown on the other side. Let the case of the slaves be considered, as it is in truth, a peculiar one. Let the compromising expedient of the Constitution be mutually adopted, which regards them as inhabitants, but as debased by servitude below the equal level of free inhabitants, which regards the SLAVE as divested of two fifths of the MAN. \"After all, may not another ground be taken on which this article of the Constitution will admit of a still more ready defense? We have hitherto proceeded on the idea that representation related to persons only, and not at all to property. But is it a just idea? Government is instituted no less for protection of the property, than of the persons, of individuals. The one as well as the other, therefore, may be considered as represented by those who are charged with the government. Upon this principle it is, that in several of the States, and particularly in the State of New York, one branch of the government is intended more especially to be the guardian of property, and is accordingly elected by that part of the society which is most interested in this object of government. In the federal Constitution, this policy does not prevail. The rights of property are committed into the same hands with the personal rights. Some attention ought, therefore, to be paid to property in the choice of those hands. \"For another reason, the votes allowed in the federal legislature to the people of each State, ought to bear some proportion to the comparative wealth of the States. States have not, like individuals, an influence over each other, arising from superior advantages of fortune. If the law allows an opulent citizen but a single vote in the choice of his representative, the respect and consequence which he derives from his fortunate situation very frequently guide the votes of others to the objects of his choice; and through this imperceptible channel the rights of property are conveyed into the public representation. A State possesses no such influence over other States. It is not probable that the richest State in the Confederacy will ever influence the choice of a single representative in any other State. Nor will the representatives of the larger and richer States possess any other advantage in the federal legislature, over the representatives of other States, than what may result from their superior number alone. As far, therefore, as their superior wealth and weight may justly entitle them to any advantage, it ought to be secured to them by a superior share of representation. The new Constitution is, in this respect, materially different from the existing Confederation, as well as from that of the United Netherlands, and other similar confederacies. In each of the latter, the efficacy of the federal resolutions depends on the subsequent and voluntary resolutions of the states composing the union. Hence the states, though possessing an equal vote in the public councils, have an unequal influence, corresponding with the unequal importance of these subsequent and voluntary resolutions. Under the proposed Constitution, the federal acts will take effect without the necessary intervention of the individual States. They will depend merely on the majority of votes in the federal legislature, and consequently each vote, whether proceeding from a larger or smaller State, or a State more or less wealthy or powerful, will have an equal weight and efficacy: in the same manner as the votes individually given in a State legislature, by the representatives of unequal counties or other districts, have each a precise equality of value and effect; or if there be any difference in the case, it proceeds from the difference in the personal character of the individual representative, rather than from any regard to the extent of the district from which he comes. \"Such is the reasoning which an advocate for the Southern interests might employ on this subject; and although it may appear to be a little strained in some points, yet, on the whole, I must confess that it fully reconciles me to the scale of representation which the convention have established. In one respect, the establishment of a common measure for representation and taxation will have a very salutary effect. As the accuracy of the census to be obtained by the Congress will necessarily depend, in a considerable degree on the disposition, if not on the co- operation, of the States, it is of great importance that the States should feel as little bias as possible, to swell or to reduce the amount of their numbers. Were their share of representation alone to be governed by this rule, they would have an interest in exaggerating their inhabitants. Were the rule to decide their share of taxation alone, a contrary temptation would prevail. By extending the rule to both objects, the States will have opposite interests, which will control and balance each other, and produce the requisite impartiality. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 55 The Total Number of the House of Representatives From the New York Packet Friday, February 15, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: THE number of which the House of Representatives is to consist, forms another and a very interesting point of view, under which this branch of the federal legislature may be contemplated. Scarce any article, indeed, in the whole Constitution seems to be rendered more worthy of attention, by the weight of character and the apparent force of argument with which it has been assailed. The charges exhibited against it are, first, that so small a number of representatives will be an unsafe depositary of the public interests; secondly, that they will not possess a proper knowledge of the local circumstances of their numerous constituents; thirdly, that they will be taken from that class of citizens which will sympathize least with the feelings of the mass of the people, and be most likely to aim at a permanent elevation of the few on the depression of the many; fourthly, that defective as the number will be in the first instance, it will be more and more disproportionate, by the increase of the people, and the obstacles which will prevent a correspondent increase of the representatives. In general it may be remarked on this subject, that no political problem is less susceptible of a precise solution than that which relates to the number most convenient for a representative legislature; nor is there any point on which the policy of the several States is more at variance, whether we compare their legislative assemblies directly with each other, or consider the proportions which they respectively bear to the number of their constituents. Passing over the difference between the smallest and largest States, as Delaware, whose most numerous branch consists of twenty-one representatives, and Massachusetts, where it amounts to between three and four hundred, a very considerable difference is observable among States nearly equal in population. The number of representatives in Pennsylvania is not more than one fifth of that in the State last mentioned. New York, whose population is to that of South Carolina as six to five, has little more than one third of the number of representatives. As great a disparity prevails between the States of Georgia and Delaware or Rhode Island. In Pennsylvania, the representatives do not bear a greater proportion to their constituents than of one for every four or five thousand. In Rhode Island, they bear a proportion of at least one for every thousand. And according to the constitution of Georgia, the proportion may be carried to one to every ten electors; and must unavoidably far exceed the proportion in any of the other States. Another general remark to be made is, that the ratio between the representatives and the people ought not to be the same where the latter are very numerous as where they are very few. Were the representatives in Virginia to be regulated by the standard in Rhode Island, they would, at this time, amount to between four and five hundred; and twenty or thirty years hence, to a thousand. On the other hand, the ratio of Pennsylvania, if applied to the State of Delaware, would reduce the representative assembly of the latter to seven or eight members. Nothing can be more fallacious than to found our political calculations on arithmetical principles. Sixty or seventy men may be more properly trusted with a given degree of power than six or seven. But it does not follow that six or seven hundred would be proportionably a better depositary. And if we carry on the supposition to six or seven thousand, the whole reasoning ought to be reversed. The truth is, that in all cases a certain number at least seems to be necessary to secure the benefits of free consultation and discussion, and to guard against too easy a combination for improper purposes; as, on the other hand, the number ought at most to be kept within a certain limit, in order to avoid the confusion and intemperance of a multitude. In all very numerous assemblies, of whatever character composed, passion never fails to wrest the sceptre from reason. Had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob. It is necessary also to recollect here the observations which were applied to the case of biennial elections. For the same reason that the limited powers of the Congress, and the control of the State legislatures, justify less frequent elections than the public safely might otherwise require, the members of the Congress need be less numerous than if they possessed the whole power of legislation, and were under no other than the ordinary restraints of other legislative bodies. With these general ideas in our mind, let us weigh the objections which have been stated against the number of members proposed for the House of Representatives. It is said, in the first place, that so small a number cannot be safely trusted with so much power. The number of which this branch of the legislature is to consist, at the outset of the government, will be sixty five. Within three years a census is to be taken, when the number may be augmented to one for every thirty thousand inhabitants; and within every successive period of ten years the census is to be renewed, and augmentations may continue to be made under the above limitation. It will not be thought an extravagant conjecture that the first census will, at the rate of one for every thirty thousand, raise the number of representatives to at least one hundred. Estimating the negroes in the proportion of three fifths, it can scarcely be doubted that the population of the United States will by that time, if it does not already, amount to three millions. At the expiration of twenty-five years, according to the computed rate of increase, the number of representatives will amount to two hundred, and of fifty years, to four hundred. This is a number which, I presume, will put an end to all fears arising from the smallness of the body. I take for granted here what I shall, in answering the fourth objection, hereafter show, that the number of representatives will be augmented from time to time in the manner provided by the Constitution. On a contrary supposition, I should admit the objection to have very great weight indeed. The true question to be decided then is, whether the smallness of the number, as a temporary regulation, be dangerous to the public liberty? Whether sixty-five members for a few years, and a hundred or two hundred for a few more, be a safe depositary for a limited and well-guarded power of legislating for the United States? I must own that I could not give a negative answer to this question, without first obliterating every impression which I have received with regard to the present genius of the people of America, the spirit which actuates the State legislatures, and the principles which are incorporated with the political character of every class of citizens I am unable to conceive that the people of America, in their present temper, or under any circumstances which can speedily happen, will choose, and every second year repeat the choice of, sixty-five or a hundred men who would be disposed to form and pursue a scheme of tyranny or treachery. I am unable to conceive that the State legislatures, which must feel so many motives to watch, and which possess so many means of counteracting, the federal legislature, would fail either to detect or to defeat a conspiracy of the latter against the liberties of their common constituents. I am equally unable to conceive that there are at this time, or can be in any short time, in the United States, any sixty-five or a hundred men capable of recommending themselves to the choice of the people at large, who would either desire or dare, within the short space of two years, to betray the solemn trust committed to them. What change of circumstances, time, and a fuller population of our country may produce, requires a prophetic spirit to declare, which makes no part of my pretensions. But judging from the circumstances now before us, and from the probable state of them within a moderate period of time, I must pronounce that the liberties of America cannot be unsafe in the number of hands proposed by the federal Constitution. From what quarter can the danger proceed? Are we afraid of foreign gold? If foreign gold could so easily corrupt our federal rulers and enable them to ensnare and betray their constituents, how has it happened that we are at this time a free and independent nation? The Congress which conducted us through the Revolution was a less numerous body than their successors will be; they were not chosen by, nor responsible to, their fellow citizens at large; though appointed from year to year, and recallable at pleasure, they were generally continued for three years, and prior to the ratification of the federal articles, for a still longer term. They held their consultations always under the veil of secrecy; they had the sole transaction of our affairs with foreign nations; through the whole course of the war they had the fate of their country more in their hands than it is to be hoped will ever be the case with our future representatives; and from the greatness of the prize at stake, and the eagerness of the party which lost it, it may well be supposed that the use of other means than force would not have been scrupled. Yet we know by happy experience that the public trust was not betrayed; nor has the purity of our public councils in this particular ever suffered, even from the whispers of calumny. Is the danger apprehended from the other branches of the federal government? But where are the means to be found by the President, or the Senate, or both? Their emoluments of office, it is to be presumed, will not, and without a previous corruption of the House of Representatives cannot, more than suffice for very different purposes; their private fortunes, as they must all be American citizens, cannot possibly be sources of danger. The only means, then, which they can possess, will be in the dispensation of appointments. Is it here that suspicion rests her charge? Sometimes we are told that this fund of corruption is to be exhausted by the President in subduing the virtue of the Senate. Now, the fidelity of the other House is to be the victim. The improbability of such a mercenary and perfidious combination of the several members of government, standing on as different foundations as republican principles will well admit, and at the same time accountable to the society over which they are placed, ought alone to quiet this apprehension. But, fortunately, the Constitution has provided a still further safeguard. The members of the Congress are rendered ineligible to any civil offices that may be created, or of which the emoluments may be increased, during the term of their election. No offices therefore can be dealt out to the existing members but such as may become vacant by ordinary casualties: and to suppose that these would be sufficient to purchase the guardians of the people, selected by the people themselves, is to renounce every rule by which events ought to be calculated, and to substitute an indiscriminate and unbounded jealousy, with which all reasoning must be vain. The sincere friends of liberty, who give themselves up to the extravagancies of this passion, are not aware of the injury they do their own cause. As there is a degree of depravity in mankind which requires a certain degree of circumspection and distrust, so there are other qualities in human nature which justify a certain portion of esteem and confidence. Republican government presupposes the existence of these qualities in a higher degree than any other form. Were the pictures which have been drawn by the political jealousy of some among us faithful likenesses of the human character, the inference would be, that there is not sufficient virtue among men for self-government; and that nothing less than the chains of despotism can restrain them from destroying and devouring one another. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 56 The Same Subject Continued: The Total Number of the House of Representatives From the New York Packet Tuesday, February 19, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: THE SECOND charge against the House of Representatives is, that it will be too small to possess a due knowledge of the interests of its constituents. As this objection evidently proceeds from a comparison of the proposed number of representatives with the great extent of the United States, the number of their inhabitants, and the diversity of their interests, without taking into view at the same time the circumstances which will distinguish the Congress from other legislative bodies, the best answer that can be given to it will be a brief explanation of these peculiarities. It is a sound and important principle that the representative ought to be acquainted with the interests and circumstances of his constituents. But this principle can extend no further than to those circumstances and interests to which the authority and care of the representative relate. An ignorance of a variety of minute and particular objects, which do not lie within the compass of legislation, is consistent with every attribute necessary to a due performance of the legislative trust. In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of a particular authority, recourse then must be had to the objects within the purview of that authority. What are to be the objects of federal legislation? Those which are of most importance, and which seem most to require local knowledge, are commerce, taxation, and the militia. A proper regulation of commerce requires much information, as has been elsewhere remarked; but as far as this information relates to the laws and local situation of each individual State, a very few representatives would be very sufficient vehicles of it to the federal councils. Taxation will consist, in a great measure, of duties which will be involved in the regulation of commerce. So far the preceding remark is applicable to this object. As far as it may consist of internal collections, a more diffusive knowledge of the circumstances of the State may be necessary. But will not this also be possessed in sufficient degree by a very few intelligent men, diffusively elected within the State? Divide the largest State into ten or twelve districts, and it will be found that there will be no peculiar local interests in either, which will not be within the knowledge of the representative of the district. Besides this source of information, the laws of the State, framed by representatives from every part of it, will be almost of themselves a sufficient guide. In every State there have been made, and must continue to be made, regulations on this subject which will, in many cases, leave little more to be done by the federal legislature, than to review the different laws, and reduce them in one general act. A skillful individual in his closet with all the local codes before him, might compile a law on some subjects of taxation for the whole union, without any aid from oral information, and it may be expected that whenever internal taxes may be necessary, and particularly in cases requiring uniformity throughout the States, the more simple objects will be preferred. To be fully sensible of the facility which will be given to this branch of federal legislation by the assistance of the State codes, we need only suppose for a moment that this or any other State were divided into a number of parts, each having and exercising within itself a power of local legislation. Is it not evident that a degree of local information and preparatory labor would be found in the several volumes of their proceedings, which would very much shorten the labors of the general legislature, and render a much smaller number of members sufficient for it? The federal councils will derive great advantage from another circumstance. The representatives of each State will not only bring with them a considerable knowledge of its laws, and a local knowledge of their respective districts, but will probably in all cases have been members, and may even at the very time be members, of the State legislature, where all the local information and interests of the State are assembled, and from whence they may easily be conveyed by a very few hands into the legislature of the United States. The observations made on the subject of taxation apply with greater force to the case of the militia. For however different the rules of discipline may be in different States, they are the same throughout each particular State; and depend on circumstances which can differ but little in different parts of the same State. The attentive reader will discern that the reasoning here used, to prove the sufficiency of a moderate number of representatives, does not in any respect contradict what was urged on another occasion with regard to the extensive information which the representatives ought to possess, and the time that might be necessary for acquiring it. This information, so far as it may relate to local objects, is rendered necessary and difficult, not by a difference of laws and local circumstances within a single State, but of those among different States. Taking each State by itself, its laws are the same, and its interests but little diversified. A few men, therefore, will possess all the knowledge requisite for a proper representation of them. Were the interests and affairs of each individual State perfectly simple and uniform, a knowledge of them in one part would involve a knowledge of them in every other, and the whole State might be competently represented by a single member taken from any part of it. On a comparison of the different States together, we find a great dissimilarity in their laws, and in many other circumstances connected with the objects of federal legislation, with all of which the federal representatives ought to have some acquaintance. Whilst a few representatives, therefore, from each State, may bring with them a due knowledge of their own State, every representative will have much information to acquire concerning all the other States. The changes of time, as was formerly remarked, on the comparative situation of the different States, will have an assimilating effect. The effect of time on the internal affairs of the States, taken singly, will be just the contrary. At present some of the States are little more than a society of husbandmen. Few of them have made much progress in those branches of industry which give a variety and complexity to the affairs of a nation. These, however, will in all of them be the fruits of a more advanced population, and will require, on the part of each State, a fuller representation. The foresight of the convention has accordingly taken care that the progress of population may be accompanied with a proper increase of the representative branch of the government. The experience of Great Britain, which presents to mankind so many political lessons, both of the monitory and exemplary kind, and which has been frequently consulted in the course of these inquiries, corroborates the result of the reflections which we have just made. The number of inhabitants in the two kingdoms of England and Scotland cannot be stated at less than eight millions. The representatives of these eight millions in the House of Commons amount to five hundred and fifty-eight. Of this number, one ninth are elected by three hundred and sixty-four persons, and one half, by five thousand seven hundred and twenty-three persons. [1] It cannot be supposed that the half thus elected, and who do not even reside among the people at large, can add any thing either to the security of the people against the government, or to the knowledge of their circumstances and interests in the legislative councils. On the contrary, it is notorious, that they are more frequently the representatives and instruments of the executive magistrate, than the guardians and advocates of the popular rights. They might therefore, with great propriety, be considered as something more than a mere deduction from the real representatives of the nation. We will, however, consider them in this light alone, and will not extend the deduction to a considerable number of others, who do not reside among their constituents, are very faintly connected with them, and have very little particular knowledge of their affairs. With all these concessions, two hundred and seventy-nine persons only will be the depository of the safety, interest, and happiness of eight millions that is to say, there will be one representative only to maintain the rights and explain the situation OF TWENTY-EIGHT THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED AND SEVENTY constituents, in an assembly exposed to the whole force of executive influence, and extending its authority to every object of legislation within a nation whose affairs are in the highest degree diversified and complicated. Yet it is very certain, not only that a valuable portion of freedom has been preserved under all these circumstances, but that the defects in the British code are chargeable, in a very small proportion, on the ignorance of the legislature concerning the circumstances of the people. Allowing to this case the weight which is due to it, and comparing it with that of the House of Representatives as above explained it seems to give the fullest assurance, that a representative for every THIRTY THOUSAND INHABITANTS will render the latter both a safe and competent guardian of the interests which will be confided to it. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 57 The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation From the New York Packet Tuesday, February 19, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton or James Madison To the People of the State of New York: THE THIRD charge against the House of Representatives is, that it will be taken from that class of citizens which will have least sympathy with the mass of the people, and be most likely to aim at an ambitious sacrifice of the many to the aggrandizement of the few. Of all the objections which have been framed against the federal Constitution, this is perhaps the most extraordinary. Whilst the objection itself is levelled against a pretended oligarchy, the principle of it strikes at the very root of republican government. The aim of every political constitution is, or ought to be, first to obtain for rulers men who possess most wisdom to discern, and most virtue to pursue, the common good of the society; and in the next place, to take the most effectual precautions for keeping them virtuous whilst they continue to hold their public trust. The elective mode of obtaining rulers is the characteristic policy of republican government. The means relied on in this form of government for preventing their degeneracy are numerous and various. The most effectual one, is such a limitation of the term of appointments as will maintain a proper responsibility to the people. Let me now ask what circumstance there is in the constitution of the House of Representatives that violates the principles of republican government, or favors the elevation of the few on the ruins of the many? Let me ask whether every circumstance is not, on the contrary, strictly conformable to these principles, and scrupulously impartial to the rights and pretensions of every class and description of citizens? Who are to be the electors of the federal representatives? Not the rich, more than the poor; not the learned, more than the ignorant; not the haughty heirs of distinguished names, more than the humble sons of obscurity and unpropitious fortune. The electors are to be the great body of the people of the United States. They are to be the same who exercise the right in every State of electing the corresponding branch of the legislature of the State. Who are to be the objects of popular choice? Every citizen whose merit may recommend him to the esteem and confidence of his country. No qualification of wealth, of birth, of religious faith, or of civil profession is permitted to fetter the judgement or disappoint the inclination of the people. If we consider the situation of the men on whom the free suffrages of their fellow-citizens may confer the representative trust, we shall find it involving every security which can be devised or desired for their fidelity to their constituents. In the first place, as they will have been distinguished by the preference of their fellow-citizens, we are to presume that in general they will be somewhat distinguished also by those qualities which entitle them to it, and which promise a sincere and scrupulous regard to the nature of their engagements. In the second place, they will enter into the public service under circumstances which cannot fail to produce a temporary affection at least to their constituents. There is in every breast a sensibility to marks of honor, of favor, of esteem, and of confidence, which, apart from all considerations of interest, is some pledge for grateful and benevolent returns. Ingratitude is a common topic of declamation against human nature; and it must be confessed that instances of it are but too frequent and flagrant, both in public and in private life. But the universal and extreme indignation which it inspires is itself a proof of the energy and prevalence of the contrary sentiment. In the third place, those ties which bind the representative to his constituents are strengthened by motives of a more selfish nature. His pride and vanity attach him to a form of government which favors his pretensions and gives him a share in its honors and distinctions. Whatever hopes or projects might be entertained by a few aspiring characters, it must generally happen that a great proportion of the men deriving their advancement from their influence with the people, would have more to hope from a preservation of the favor, than from innovations in the government subversive of the authority of the people. All these securities, however, would be found very insufficient without the restraint of frequent elections. Hence, in the fourth place, the House of Representatives is so constituted as to support in the members an habitual recollection of their dependence on the people. Before the sentiments impressed on their minds by the mode of their elevation can be effaced by the exercise of power, they will be compelled to anticipate the moment when their power is to cease, when their exercise of it is to be reviewed, and when they must descend to the level from which they were raised; there forever to remain unless a faithful discharge of their trust shall have established their title to a renewal of it. I will add, as a fifth circumstance in the situation of the House of Representatives, restraining them from oppressive measures, that they can make no law which will not have its full operation on themselves and their friends, as well as on the great mass of the society. This has always been deemed one of the strongest bonds by which human policy can connect the rulers and the people together. It creates between them that communion of interests and sympathy of sentiments, of which few governments have furnished examples; but without which every government degenerates into tyranny. If it be asked, what is to restrain the House of Representatives from making legal discriminations in favor of themselves and a particular class of the society? I answer: the genius of the whole system; the nature of just and constitutional laws; and above all, the vigilant and manly spirit which actuates the people of America, a spirit which nourishes freedom, and in return is nourished by it. If this spirit shall ever be so far debased as to tolerate a law not obligatory on the legislature, as well as on the people, the people will be prepared to tolerate any thing but liberty. Such will be the relation between the House of Representatives and their constituents. Duty, gratitude, interest, ambition itself, are the chords by which they will be bound to fidelity and sympathy with the great mass of the people. It is possible that these may all be insufficient to control the caprice and wickedness of man. But are they not all that government will admit, and that human prudence can devise? Are they not the genuine and the characteristic means by which republican government provides for the liberty and happiness of the people? Are they not the identical means on which every State government in the Union relies for the attainment of these important ends? What then are we to understand by the objection which this paper has combated? What are we to say to the men who profess the most flaming zeal for republican government, yet boldly impeach the fundamental principle of it; who pretend to be champions for the right and the capacity of the people to choose their own rulers, yet maintain that they will prefer those only who will immediately and infallibly betray the trust committed to them? Were the objection to be read by one who had not seen the mode prescribed by the Constitution for the choice of representatives, he could suppose nothing less than that some unreasonable qualification of property was annexed to the right of suffrage; or that the right of eligibility was limited to persons of particular families or fortunes; or at least that the mode prescribed by the State constitutions was in some respect or other, very grossly departed from. We have seen how far such a supposition would err, as to the two first points. Nor would it, in fact, be less erroneous as to the last. The only difference discoverable between the two cases is, that each representative of the United States will be elected by five or six thousand citizens; whilst in the individual States, the election of a representative is left to about as many hundreds. Will it be pretended that this difference is sufficient to justify an attachment to the State governments, and an abhorrence to the federal government? If this be the point on which the objection turns, it deserves to be examined. Is it supported by REASON? This cannot be said, without maintaining that five or six thousand citizens are less capable of choosing a fit representative, or more liable to be corrupted by an unfit one, than five or six hundred. Reason, on the contrary, assures us, that as in so great a number a fit representative would be most likely to be found, so the choice would be less likely to be diverted from him, by the intrigues of the ambitious, or the bribes of the rich. Is the CONSEQUENCE from this doctrine admissible? If we say that five or six hundred citizens are as many as can jointly exercise their right of suffrage, must we not deprive the people of the immediate choice of their public servants, in every instance where the administration of the government does not require as many of them as will amount to one for that number of citizens? Is the doctrine warranted by FACTS? It was shown in the last paper, that the real representation in the British House of Commons very little exceeds the proportion of one for every thirty thousand inhabitants. Besides a variety of powerful causes not existing here, and which favor in that country the pretensions of rank and wealth, no person is eligible as a representative of a county, unless he possess real estate of the clear value of six hundred pounds sterling per year; nor of a city or borough, unless he possess a like estate of half that annual value. To this qualification on the part of the county representatives is added another on the part of the county electors, which restrains the right of suffrage to persons having a freehold estate of the annual value of more than twenty pounds sterling, according to the present rate of money. Notwithstanding these unfavorable circumstances, and notwithstanding some very unequal laws in the British code, it cannot be said that the representatives of the nation have elevated the few on the ruins of the many. But we need not resort to foreign experience on this subject. Our own is explicit and decisive. The districts in New Hampshire in which the senators are chosen immediately by the people, are nearly as large as will be necessary for her representatives in the Congress. Those of Massachusetts are larger than will be necessary for that purpose; and those of New York still more so. In the last State the members of Assembly for the cities and counties of New York and Albany are elected by very nearly as many voters as will be entitled to a representative in the Congress, calculating on the number of sixty-five representatives only. It makes no difference that in these senatorial districts and counties a number of representatives are voted for by each elector at the same time. If the same electors at the same time are capable of choosing four or five representatives, they cannot be incapable of choosing one. Pennsylvania is an additional example. Some of her counties, which elect her State representatives, are almost as large as her districts will be by which her federal representatives will be elected. The city of Philadelphia is supposed to contain between fifty and sixty thousand souls. It will therefore form nearly two districts for the choice of federal representatives. It forms, however, but one county, in which every elector votes for each of its representatives in the State legislature. And what may appear to be still more directly to our purpose, the whole city actually elects a SINGLE MEMBER for the executive council. This is the case in all the other counties of the State. Are not these facts the most satisfactory proofs of the fallacy which has been employed against the branch of the federal government under consideration? Has it appeared on trial that the senators of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New York, or the executive council of Pennsylvania, or the members of the Assembly in the two last States, have betrayed any peculiar disposition to sacrifice the many to the few, or are in any respect less worthy of their places than the representatives and magistrates appointed in other States by very small divisions of the people? But there are cases of a stronger complexion than any which I have yet quoted. One branch of the legislature of Connecticut is so constituted that each member of it is elected by the whole State. So is the governor of that State, of Massachusetts, and of this State, and the president of New Hampshire. I leave every man to decide whether the result of any one of these experiments can be said to countenance a suspicion, that a diffusive mode of choosing representatives of the people tends to elevate traitors and to undermine the public liberty. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 58 Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered Author: James Madison To the People of the State of New York: THE remaining charge against the House of Representatives, which I am to examine, is grounded on a supposition that the number of members will not be augmented from time to time, as the progress of population may demand. It has been admitted, that this objection, if well supported, would have great weight. The following observations will show that, like most other objections against the Constitution, it can only proceed from a partial view of the subject, or from a jealousy which discolors and disfigures every object which is beheld. 1. Those who urge the objection seem not to have recollected that the federal Constitution will not suffer by a comparison with the State constitutions, in the security provided for a gradual augmentation of the number of representatives. The number which is to prevail in the first instance is declared to be temporary. Its duration is limited to the short term of three years. Within every successive term of ten years a census of inhabitants is to be repeated. The unequivocal objects of these regulations are, first, to readjust, from time to time, the apportionment of representatives to the number of inhabitants, under the single exception that each State shall have one representative at least; secondly, to augment the number of representatives at the same periods, under the sole limitation that the whole number shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand inhabitants. If we review the constitutions of the several States, we shall find that some of them contain no determinate regulations on this subject, that others correspond pretty much on this point with the federal Constitution, and that the most effectual security in any of them is resolvable into a mere directory provision. 2. As far as experience has taken place on this subject, a gradual increase of representatives under the State constitutions has at least kept pace with that of the constituents, and it appears that the former have been as ready to concur in such measures as the latter have been to call for them. 3. There is a peculiarity in the federal Constitution which insures a watchful attention in a majority both of the people and of their representatives to a constitutional augmentation of the latter. The peculiarity lies in this, that one branch of the legislature is a representation of citizens, the other of the States: in the former, consequently, the larger States will have most weight; in the latter, the advantage will be in favor of the smaller States. From this circumstance it may with certainty be inferred that the larger States will be strenuous advocates for increasing the number and weight of that part of the legislature in which their influence predominates. And it so happens that four only of the largest will have a majority of the whole votes in the House of Representatives. Should the representatives or people, therefore, of the smaller States oppose at any time a reasonable addition of members, a coalition of a very few States will be sufficient to overrule the opposition; a coalition which, notwithstanding the rivalship and local prejudices which might prevent it on ordinary occasions, would not fail to take place, when not merely prompted by common interest, but justified by equity and the principles of the Constitution. It may be alleged, perhaps, that the Senate would be prompted by like motives to an adverse coalition; and as their concurrence would be indispensable, the just and constitutional views of the other branch might be defeated. This is the difficulty which has probably created the most serious apprehensions in the jealous friends of a numerous representation. Fortunately it is among the difficulties which, existing only in appearance, vanish on a close and accurate inspection. The following reflections will, if I mistake not, be admitted to be conclusive and satisfactory on this point. Notwithstanding the equal authority which will subsist between the two houses on all legislative subjects, except the originating of money bills, it cannot be doubted that the House, composed of the greater number of members, when supported by the more powerful States, and speaking the known and determined sense of a majority of the people, will have no small advantage in a question depending on the comparative firmness of the two houses. This advantage must be increased by the consciousness, felt by the same side of being supported in its demands by right, by reason, and by the Constitution; and the consciousness, on the opposite side, of contending against the force of all these solemn considerations. It is farther to be considered, that in the gradation between the smallest and largest States, there are several, which, though most likely in general to arrange themselves among the former are too little removed in extent and population from the latter, to second an opposition to their just and legitimate pretensions. Hence it is by no means certain that a majority of votes, even in the Senate, would be unfriendly to proper augmentations in the number of representatives. It will not be looking too far to add, that the senators from all the new States may be gained over to the just views of the House of Representatives, by an expedient too obvious to be overlooked. As these States will, for a great length of time, advance in population with peculiar rapidity, they will be interested in frequent reapportionments of the representatives to the number of inhabitants. The large States, therefore, who will prevail in the House of Representatives, will have nothing to do but to make reapportionments and augmentations mutually conditions of each other; and the senators from all the most growing States will be bound to contend for the latter, by the interest which their States will feel in the former. These considerations seem to afford ample security on this subject, and ought alone to satisfy all the doubts and fears which have been indulged with regard to it. Admitting, however, that they should all be insufficient to subdue the unjust policy of the smaller States, or their predominant influence in the councils of the Senate, a constitutional and infallible resource still remains with the larger States, by which they will be able at all times to accomplish their just purposes. The House of Representatives cannot only refuse, but they alone can propose, the supplies requisite for the support of government. They, in a word, hold the purse that powerful instrument by which we behold, in the history of the British Constitution, an infant and humble representation of the people gradually enlarging the sphere of its activity and importance, and finally reducing, as far as it seems to have wished, all the overgrown prerogatives of the other branches of the government. This power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded as the most complete and effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm the immediate representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress of every grievance, and for carrying into effect every just and salutary measure. But will not the House of Representatives be as much interested as the Senate in maintaining the government in its proper functions, and will they not therefore be unwilling to stake its existence or its reputation on the pliancy of the Senate? Or, if such a trial of firmness between the two branches were hazarded, would not the one be as likely first to yield as the other? These questions will create no difficulty with those who reflect that in all cases the smaller the number, and the more permanent and conspicuous the station, of men in power, the stronger must be the interest which they will individually feel in whatever concerns the government. Those who represent the dignity of their country in the eyes of other nations, will be particularly sensible to every prospect of public danger, or of dishonorable stagnation in public affairs. To those causes we are to ascribe the continual triumph of the British House of Commons over the other branches of the government, whenever the engine of a money bill has been employed. An absolute inflexibility on the side of the latter, although it could not have failed to involve every department of the state in the general confusion, has neither been apprehended nor experienced. The utmost degree of firmness that can be displayed by the federal Senate or President, will not be more than equal to a resistance in which they will be supported by constitutional and patriotic principles. In this review of the Constitution of the House of Representatives, I have passed over the circumstances of economy, which, in the present state of affairs, might have had some effect in lessening the temporary number of representatives, and a disregard of which would probably have been as rich a theme of declamation against the Constitution as has been shown by the smallness of the number proposed. I omit also any remarks on the difficulty which might be found, under present circumstances, in engaging in the federal service a large number of such characters as the people will probably elect. One observation, however, I must be permitted to add on this subject as claiming, in my judgment, a very serious attention. It is, that in all legislative assemblies the greater the number composing them may be, the fewer will be the men who will in fact direct their proceedings. In the first place, the more numerous an assembly may be, of whatever characters composed, the greater is known to be the ascendency of passion over reason. In the next place, the larger the number, the greater will be the proportion of members of limited information and of weak capacities. Now, it is precisely on characters of this description that the eloquence and address of the few are known to act with all their force. In the ancient republics, where the whole body of the people assembled in person, a single orator, or an artful statesman, was generally seen to rule with as complete a sway as if a sceptre had been placed in his single hand. On the same principle, the more multitudinous a representative assembly may be rendered, the more it will partake of the infirmities incident to collective meetings of the people. Ignorance will be the dupe of cunning, and passion the slave of sophistry and declamation. The people can never err more than in supposing that by multiplying their representatives beyond a certain limit, they strengthen the barrier against the government of a few. Experience will forever admonish them that, on the contrary, AFTER SECURING A SUFFICIENT NUMBER FOR THE PURPOSES OF SAFETY, OF LOCAL INFORMATION, AND OF DIFFUSIVE SYMPATHY WITH THE WHOLE SOCIETY, they will counteract their own views by every addition to their representatives. The countenance of the government may become more democratic, but the soul that animates it will be more oligarchic. The machine will be enlarged, but the fewer, and often the more secret, will be the springs by which its motions are directed. As connected with the objection against the number of representatives, may properly be here noticed, that which has been suggested against the number made competent for legislative business. It has been said that more than a majority ought to have been required for a quorum; and in particular cases, if not in all, more than a majority of a quorum for a decision. That some advantages might have resulted from such a precaution, cannot be denied. It might have been an additional shield to some particular interests, and another obstacle generally to hasty and partial measures. But these considerations are outweighed by the inconveniences in the opposite scale. In all cases where justice or the general good might require new laws to be passed, or active measures to be pursued, the fundamental principle of free government would be reversed. It would be no longer the majority that would rule: the power would be transferred to the minority. Were the defensive privilege limited to particular cases, an interested minority might take advantage of it to screen themselves from equitable sacrifices to the general weal, or, in particular emergencies, to extort unreasonable indulgences. Lastly, it would facilitate and foster the baneful practice of secessions; a practice which has shown itself even in States where a majority only is required; a practice subversive of all the principles of order and regular government; a practice which leads more directly to public convulsions, and the ruin of popular governments, than any other which has yet been displayed among us. PUBLIUS. ## Federalist No. 59 Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members From the New York Packet Friday, February 22, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton To the People of the State of New York: THE natural order of the subject leads us to consider, in this place, that provision of the Constitution which authorizes the national legislature to regulate, in the last resort, the election of its own members. It is in these words: \"The TIMES, PLACES, and MANNER of holding elections for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter SUCH REGULATIONS, except as to the PLACES of choosing senators.\"1 This provision has not only been declaimed against by those who condemn the Constitution in the gross, but it has been censured by those who have objected with less latitude and greater moderation; and, in one instance it has been thought exceptionable by a gentleman who has declared himself the advocate of every other part of the system. I am greatly mistaken, notwithstanding, if there be any article in the whole plan more completely defensible than this. Its propriety rests upon the evidence of this plain proposition, that EVERY GOVERNMENT OUGHT TO CONTAIN IN ITSELF THE MEANS OF ITS OWN PRESERVATION. Every just reasoner will, at first sight, approve an adherence to this rule, in the work of the convention; and will disapprove every deviation from it which may not appear to have been dictated by the necessity of incorporating into the work some particular ingredient, with which a rigid conformity to the rule was incompatible. Even in this case, though he may acquiesce in the necessity, yet he will not cease to regard and to regret a departure from so fundamental a principle, as a portion of imperfection in the system which may prove the seed of future weakness, and perhaps anarchy. It will not be alleged, that an election law could have been framed and inserted in the Constitution, which would have been always applicable to every probable change in the situation of the country; and it will therefore not be denied, that a discretionary power over elections ought to exist somewhere. It will, I presume, be as readily conceded, that there were only three ways in which this power could have been reasonably modified and disposed: that it must either have been lodged wholly in the national legislature, or wholly in the State legislatures, or primarily in the latter and ultimately in the former. The last mode has, with reason, been preferred by the convention. They have submitted the regulation of elections for the federal government, in the first instance, to the local administrations; which, in ordinary cases, and when no improper views prevail, may be both more convenient and more satisfactory; but they have reserved to the national authority a right to interpose, whenever extraordinary circumstances might render that interposition necessary to its safety. Nothing can be more evident, than that an exclusive power of regulating elections for the national government, in the hands of the State legislatures, would leave the existence of the Union entirely at their mercy. They could at any moment annihilate it, by neglecting to provide for the choice of persons to administer its affairs. It is to little purpose to say, that a neglect or omission of this kind would not be likely to take place. The constitutional possibility of the thing, without an equivalent for the risk, is an unanswerable objection. Nor has any satisfactory reason been yet assigned for incurring that risk. The extravagant surmises of a distempered jealousy can never be dignified with that character. If we are in a humor to presume abuses of power, it is as fair to presume them on the part of the State governments as on the part of the general government. And as it is more consonant to the rules of a just theory, to trust the Union with the care of its own existence, than to transfer that care to any other hands, if abuses of power are to be hazarded on the one side or on the other, it is more rational to hazard them where the power would naturally be placed, than where it would unnaturally be placed. Suppose an article had been introduced into the Constitution, empowering the United States to regulate the elections for the particular States, would any man have hesitated to condemn it, both as an unwarrantable transposition of power, and as a premeditated engine for the destruction of the State governments? The violation of principle, in this case, would have required no comment; and, to an unbiased observer, it will not be less apparent in the project of subjecting the existence of the national government, in a similar respect, to the pleasure of the State governments. An impartial view of the matter cannot fail to result in a conviction, that each, as far as possible, ought to depend on itself for its own preservation. As an objection to this position, it may be remarked that the constitution of the national Senate would involve, in its full extent, the danger which it is suggested might flow from an exclusive power in the State legislatures to regulate the federal elections. It may be alleged, that by declining the appointment of Senators, they might at any time give a fatal blow to the Union; and from this it may be inferred, that as its existence would be thus rendered dependent upon them in so essential a point, there can be no objection to intrusting them with it in the particular case under consideration. The interest of each State, it may be added, to maintain its representation in the national councils, would be a complete security against an abuse of the trust. This argument, though specious, will not, upon examination, be found solid. It is certainly true that the State legislatures, by forbearing the appointment of senators, may destroy the national government. But it will not follow that, because they have a power to do this in one instance, they ought to have it in every other. There are cases in which the pernicious tendency of such a power may be far more decisive, without any motive equally cogent with that which must have regulated the conduct of the convention in respect to the formation of the Senate, to recommend their admission into the system. So far as that construction may expose the Union to the possibility of injury from the State legislatures, it is an evil; but it is an evil which could not have been avoided without excluding the States, in their political capacities, wholly from a place in the organization of the national government. If this had been done, it would doubtless have been interpreted into an entire dereliction of the federal principle; and would certainly have deprived the State governments of that absolute safeguard which they will enjoy under this provision. But however wise it may have been to have submitted in this instance to an inconvenience, for the attainment of a necessary advantage or a greater good, no inference can be drawn from thence to favor an accumulation of the evil, where no necessity urges, nor any greater good invites. It may be easily discerned also that the national government would run a much greater risk from a power in the State legislatures over the elections of its House of Representatives, than from their power of appointing the members of its Senate. The senators are to be chosen for the period of six years; there is to be a rotation, by which the seats of a third part of them are to be vacated and replenished every two years; and no State is to be entitled to more than two senators; a quorum of the body is to consist of sixteen members. The joint result of these circumstances would be, that a temporary combination of a few States to intermit the appointment of senators, could neither annul the existence nor impair the activity of the body; and it is not from a general and permanent combination of the States that we can have any thing to fear. The first might proceed from sinister designs in the leading members of a few of the State legislatures; the last would suppose a fixed and rooted disaffection in the great body of the people, which will either never exist at all, or will, in all probability, proceed from an experience of the inaptitude of the general government to the advancement of their happiness in which event no good citizen could desire its continuance. But with regard to the federal House of Representatives, there is intended to be a general election of members once in two years. If the State legislatures were to be invested with an exclusive power of regulating these elections, every period of making them would be a delicate crisis in the national situation, which might issue in a dissolution of the Union, if the leaders of a few of the most important States should have entered into a previous conspiracy to prevent an election. I shall not deny, that there is a degree of weight in the observation, that the interests of each State, to be represented in the federal councils, will be a security against the abuse of a power over its elections in the hands of the State legislatures. But the security will not be considered as complete, by those who attend to the force of an obvious distinction between the interest of the people in the public felicity, and the interest of their local rulers in the power and consequence of their offices. The people of America may be warmly attached to the government of the Union, at times when the particular rulers of particular States, stimulated by the natural rivalship of power, and by the hopes of personal aggrandizement, and supported by a strong faction in each of those States, may be in a very opposite temper. This diversity of sentiment between a majority of the people, and the individuals who have the greatest credit in their councils, is exemplified in some of the States at the present moment, on the present question. The scheme of separate confederacies, which will always multiply the chances of ambition, will be a never failing bait to all such influential characters in the State administrations as are capable of preferring their own emolument and advancement to the public weal. With so effectual a weapon in their hands as the exclusive power of regulating elections for the national government, a combination of a few such men, in a few of the most considerable States, where the temptation will always be the strongest, might accomplish the destruction of the Union, by seizing the opportunity of some casual dissatisfaction among the people (and which perhaps they may themselves have excited), to discontinue the choice of members for the federal House of Representatives. It ought never to be forgotten, that a firm union of this country, under an efficient government, will probably be an increasing object of jealousy to more than one nation of Europe; and that enterprises to subvert it will sometimes originate in the intrigues of foreign powers, and will seldom fail to be patronized and abetted by some of them. Its preservation, therefore ought in no case that can be avoided, to be committed to the guardianship of any but those whose situation will uniformly beget an immediate interest in the faithful and vigilant performance of the trust. PUBLIUS. 1. 1st clause, 4th section, of the List article. Back to text ## Federalist No. 60 The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members From the New York Packet Tuesday, February 26, 1788. Author: Alexander Hamilton To the People of the State of New York: WE HAVE seen, that an uncontrollable power over the elections to the federal government could not, without hazard, be committed to the State legislatures. Let us now see, what would be the danger on the other side; that is, from confiding the ultimate right of regulating its own elections to the Union itself. It is not pretended, that this right would ever be used for the exclusion of any State from its share in the representation. The interest of all would, in this respect at least, be the security of all. But it is alleged, that it might be employed in such a manner as to promote the election of some favorite class of men in exclusion of others, by confining the places of election to particular districts, and rendering it impracticable to the citizens at large to partake in the choice. Of all chimerical suppositions, this seems to be the most chimerical. On the one hand, no rational calculation of probabilities would lead us to imagine that the disposition which a conduct so violent and extraordinary would imply, could ever find its way into the national councils; and on the other, it may be concluded with certainty, that if so improper a spirit should ever gain admittance into them, it would display itself in a form altogether different and far more decisive. The improbability of the attempt may be satisfactorily inferred from this single reflection, that it could never be made without causing an immediate revolt of the great body of the people, headed and directed by the State governments. It is not difficult to conceive that this characteristic right of freedom may, in certain turbulent and factious seasons, be violated, in respect to a particular class of citizens, by a victorious and overbearing majority; but that so fundamental a privilege, in a country so situated and enlightened, should be invaded to the prejudice of the great mass of the people, by the deliberate policy of the government, without occasioning a popular revolution, is altogether inconceivable and incredible. In addition to this general reflection, there are considerations of a more precise nature, which forbid all apprehension on the subject. The dissimilarity in the ingredients which will compose the national government, and in still more in the manner in which they will be brought into action in its various branches, must form a powerful obstacle to a concert of views in any partial scheme of elections. There is sufficient diversity in the state of property, in the genius, manners, and habits of the people of the different parts of the Union, to occasion a material diversity of disposition in their representatives towards the different ranks and conditions in society. And though an intimate intercourse under the same government will promote a gradual assimilation in some of these respects, yet there are causes, as well physical as moral, which may, in a greater or less degree, permanently nourish different propensities and inclinations in this respect. But the circumstance which will be likely to have the greatest influence in the matter, will be the dissimilar modes of constituting the several component parts of the government. The House of Representatives being to be elected immediately by the people, the Senate by the State legislatures, the President by electors chosen for that purpose by the people, there would be little probability of a common interest to cement these different branches in a predilection for any particular class of electors. As to the Senate, it is impossible that any regulation of \"time and manner,\" which is all that is proposed to be submitted to the national government in respect to that body, can affect the spirit which will direct the choice of its members. The collective sense of the State legislatures can never be influenced by extraneous circumstances of that sort; a consideration which alone ought to satisfy us that the discrimination apprehended would never be attempted. For what inducement could the Senate have to concur in a preference in which itself would not be included? Or to what purpose would it be established, in reference to one branch of the legislature, if it could not be extended to the other? The composition of the one would in this case counteract that of the other. And we can never suppose that it would embrace the appointments to the Senate, unless we can at the same time suppose the voluntary co-operation of the State legislatures. If we make the latter supposition, it then becomes immaterial where the power in question is placed whether in their hands or in those of the Union. But what is to be the object of this capricious partiality in the national councils? Is it to be exercised in a discrimination between the different departments of industry, or between the different kinds of property, or between the different degrees of property? Will it lean in favor of the landed interest, or the moneyed interest, or the mercantile interest, or the manufacturing interest? Or, to speak in the fashionable language of the adversaries to the Constitution, will it court the elevation of \"the wealthy and the well-born,\" to the exclusion and debasement of all the rest of the society? If this partiality is to be exerted in favor of those who are concerned in any particular description of industry or property, I presume it will readily be admitted, that the competition for it will lie between landed men and merchants. And I scruple not to affirm, that it is infinitely less likely that either of them should gain an ascendant in the national councils, than that the one or the other of them should predominate in all the local councils. The inference will be, that a conduct tending to give an undue preference to either is much less to be dreaded from the former than from the latter. The several States are in various degrees addicted to agriculture and commerce. In most, if not all of them, agriculture is predominant. In a few of them, however, commerce nearly divides its empire, and in most of them has a considerable share of influence. In proportion as either prevails, it will be conveyed into the national representation; and for the very reason, that this will be an emanation from a greater variety of interests, and in much more various proportions, than are to be found in any single State, it will be much less apt to espouse either of them with a decided partiality, than the representation of any single State. In a country consisting chiefly of the cultivators of land, where the rules of an equal representation obtain, the landed interest must, upon the whole, preponderate in the government. As long as this interest prevails in most of the State legislatures, so long it must maintain a correspondent superiority in the national Senate, which will generally be a faithful copy of the majorities of those assemblies. It cannot therefore be presumed, that a sacrifice of the landed to the mercantile class will ever be a favorite object of this branch of the federal legislature. In applying thus particularly to the Senate a general observation suggested by the situation of the country, I am governed by the consideration, that the credulous votaries of State power cannot, upon their own principles, suspect, that the State legislatures would be warped from their duty by any external influence. But in reality the same situation must have the same effect, in the primitive composition at least of the federal House of Representatives: an improper bias towards the mercantile class is as little to be expected from this quarter as from the other. In order, perhaps, to give countenance to the objection at any rate, it may be asked, is there not danger of an opposite bias in the national government, which may dispose it to endeavor to secure a monopoly of the federal administration to the landed class? As there is little likelihood that the supposition of such a bias will have any terrors for those who would be immediately injured by it, a labored answer to this question will be dispensed with. It will be sufficient to remark, first, that for the reasons elsewhere assigned, it is less likely that any decided partiality should prevail in the councils of the Union than in those of any of its members. Secondly, that there would be no temptation to violate the Constitution in favor of the landed class, because that class would, in the natural course of things, enjoy as great a preponderancy as itself could desire. And thirdly, that men accustomed to investigate the sources of public prosperity upon a large scale, must be too well convinced of the utility of commerce, to be inclined to inflict upon it so deep a wound as would result from the entire exclusion of those who would best understand its interest from a share in the management of them. The importance of commerce, in the view of revenue alone, must effectually guard it against the enmity of a body which would be continually importuned in its favor, by the urgent calls of public necessity. I the rather consult brevity in discussing the probability of a preference founded upon a discrimination between the different kinds of industry and property, because, as far as I understand the meaning of the objectors, they contemplate a discrimination of another kind. They appear to have in view, as the objects of the preference with which they endeavor to alarm us, those whom they designate by the description of \"the wealthy and the well-born.\" These, it seems, are to be exalted to an odious pre-eminence over the rest of their fellow-citizens. At one time, however, their elevation is to be a necessary consequence of the smallness of the representative body; at another time it is to be effected by depriving the people at large of the opportunity of exercising their right of suffrage in the choice of that body. But upon what principle is the discrimination of the places of election to be made, in order to answer the purpose of the meditated preference? Are \"the wealthy and the well-born,\" as they are called, confined to particular spots in the several States? Have they, by some miraculous instinct or foresight, set apart in each of them a common place of residence? Are they only to be met with in the towns or cities? Or are they, on the contrary, scattered over the face of the country as avarice or chance may have happened to cast their own lot or that of their predecessors? If the latter is the case, (as every intelligent man knows it to be, [1] ) is it not evident that the policy of confining the places of election to particular districts would be as subversive of its own aim as it would be exceptionable on every other account? The truth is, that there is no method of securing to the rich the preference apprehended, but by prescribing qualifications of property either for those who may elect or be elected. But this forms no part of the power to be conferred upon the national government. Its authority would be expressly restricted to the regulation of the TIMES, the PLACES, the MANNER of elections. The qualifications of the persons who may choose or be chosen, as has been remarked upon other occasions, are defined and fixed in the Constitution, and are unalterable by the legislature. Let it, however, be admitted, for argument sake, that the expedient suggested might be successful; and let it at the same time be equally taken for granted that all the scruples which a sense of duty or an apprehension of the danger of the experiment might inspire, were overcome in the breasts of the national rulers, still I imagine it will hardly be pretended that they could ever hope to carry such an enterprise into execution without the aid of a military force sufficient to subdue the resistance of the great body of the people. The improbability of the existence of a force equal to that object has been discussed and demonstrated in different parts of these papers; but that the futility of the objection under consideration may appear in the strongest light, it shall be conceded for a moment that such a force might exist, and the national government shall be supposed to be in the actual possession of it. What will be the conclusion? With a disposition to invade the essential rights of the community, and with the means of gratifying that disposition, is it presumable that the persons who were actuated by it would amuse themselves in the ridiculous task of fabricating election laws for securing a preference to a favorite class of men? Would they not be likely to prefer a conduct better adapted to their own immediate aggrandizement? Would they not rather boldly resolve to perpetuate themselves in office by one decisive act of usurpation, than to trust to precarious expedients which, in spite of all the precautions that might accompany them, might terminate in the dismission, disgrace, and ruin of their authors? Would they not fear that citizens, not less tenacious than conscious of their rights, would flock from the remote extremes of their respective States to the places of election, to overthrow their tyrants, and to substitute men who would be disposed to avenge the violated majesty of the people? PUBLIUS. * << Previous: Federalist Nos. 41-50 * Next: Federalist Nos. 61-70 >> * Last Updated: Sep 10, 2024 7:02 AM * URL: * Print Page Login to LibApps Subjects: American History, Early American History, Government, Historic American Law, Political Science, Primary Documents in American History Back to top Hosted by Springshare Library of Congress Legal SpringShare Privacy Policy |
Our company is accepted by several countries and has always been guided by ethics morals and good customs we will never surrender to governments that do not think about their population and abuse their power with more taxes thus harming not only the population that likes our products but also also of the thousands of jobs that our company offers We will close full and unrestricted activities at 700 pm on Friday 032423 | 3,303 | The Declaration of Independence IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature\'s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.--Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. > He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the > public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and > pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent > should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to > attend to them. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of > large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of > Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and > formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at > places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their > public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with > his measures. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for > opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. He > has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be > elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have > returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in > the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and > convulsions within. He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these > States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of > Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, > and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. He has obstructed > the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for > establishing Judiciary powers. He has made Judges dependent on his Will > alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their > salaries. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms > of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept > among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our > legislatures. He has affected to render the Military independent of and > superior to the Civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a > jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; > giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For Quartering > large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock Trial, > from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants > of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For > imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of > the benefits of Trial by Jury: For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried > for pretended offences For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a > neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and > enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit > instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: For > taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering > fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: For suspending our own > Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for > us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring > us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our > seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our > people. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries > to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with > circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous > ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. He has > constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms > against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and > Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. He has excited domestic > insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of > our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is > an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. The 56 signatures on the Declaration appear in the positions indicated: Column 1 Georgia: Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall George Walton Column 2 North Carolina: William Hooper Joseph Hewes John Penn South Carolina: Edward Rutledge Thomas Heyward, Jr. Thomas Lynch, Jr. Arthur Middleton Column 3 Massachusetts: John Hancock Maryland: Samuel Chase William Paca Thomas Stone Charles Carroll of Carrollton Virginia: George Wythe Richard Henry Lee Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Harrison Thomas Nelson, Jr. Francis Lightfoot Lee Carter Braxton Column 4 Pennsylvania: Robert Morris Benjamin Rush Benjamin Franklin John Morton George Clymer James Smith George Taylor James Wilson George Ross Delaware: Caesar Rodney George Read Thomas McKean Column 5 New York: William Floyd Philip Livingston Francis Lewis Lewis Morris New Jersey: Richard Stockton John Witherspoon Francis Hopkinson John Hart Abraham Clark Column 6 New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett William Whipple Massachusetts: Samuel Adams John Adams Robert Treat Paine Elbridge Gerry Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins William Ellery Connecticut: Roger Sherman Samuel Huntington William Williams Oliver Wolcott New Hampshire: Matthew Thornton --- |
Punjab tops the list of states in the foreign inward remittances category whereas Gujarat stands first in having the greatest number of Fugitive Economic offenders | 3,304 | * Facebook * Twitter * Youtube * Instagram * Subscribe ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Navigate * ![](\\" * Stories 1. India 2. Infographics 3. Politics 4. Fact Check 5. Elections 6. Business 7. Crime 8. Life Featured ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-351x221.jpg\\") ## Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances By Suresh DeepalaOctober 2, 2024 __0 Recent ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-103x65.jpg\\") Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances October 2, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Rate_Image-103x65.jpg\\") PLFS Data: Reported Number of Average Working Hours A Week for Men Was Consistently Over 50 Hours September 30, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Modi-featured-image-103x65.jpeg\\") Data: Between 1999 & 2024, Indian Prime Ministers Visited 79 Different Countries September 27, 2024 __0 * Elections * Fact Checks * English * Telugu * Coronavirus * Others * Videos * Data Tools * Data Dashboards * Counting India * About Us * Our Story * Team * Fact Checking * Fact Check Methodology * Fact-Check Team * Non-partisanship Policy * Corrections Policy * FAQ’s * Contact Us * Subscribe * Careers * Compliance of IT Rules 2021 * Privacy Policy * GOVT. DATA ROUNDUP ![\\"\\"](\\" thumbnail-702x336.jpg\\") English, Fake News # Punjab is not the top contributor to India’s Inward Remittances 0 By Harshavardhan Konda on October 12, 2022 * A A A Twitter Facebook Reddit A post is being widely shared on social media claiming that Punjab tops the list of states in the foreign inward remittances category, whereas Gujarat has the most number of Fugitive Economic offenders. ![\\"\\"](\\" viral-post.png\\") > Claim: Punjab tops the list of states in the foreign inward remittances > category, whereas Gujarat stands first in having the greatest number of > Fugitive Economic offenders. > > Fact: According to the latest RBI report on India’s Inward remittances for > 2020-21, Maharashtra tops the list by contributing 35.2% of total > remittances, while Punjab stands 9th with a share of 3%. Also, the > Government has not categorised the Fugitive Economic Offenders based on the > state they belong to. People from other states are also mentioned in the > list. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. According to RBI’s latest report on India’s Inward Remittances for 2020-21, Maharashtra tops the list of states with a share of 35.2% in total remittances to India. Punjab stands at 9th place with a share of 3%. ![\\"\\"](\\" RBI-list.png\\") Even according to the previous data for 2016-17, Punjab was not the top contributing state. ![\\"\\"](\\" RBI-infographic.jpg\\") Coming to the list of Fugitive Economic offenders, the Government has not categorised these people based on the state they belong to. ![\\"\\"](\\" offenders-list.jpg\\") People from other states were also mentioned in the list. For example, Vijay Mallya was born in West Bengal and elected twice to Rajya Sabha from Karnataka. Nilesh Parekh is a Kolkata-based businessman facing ₹ 7,000 crore default, went offshore. ![\\"\\"](\\" vijay-mallya.jpg\\") To sum it up, Punjab is not the top contributor for India’s inward remittances, and there is no data to suggest that Gujarat has the greatest number of Fugitive Economic Offenders. ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Share. Twitter Facebook Google+ Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email __Previous ArticleFormer CEC Achal Kumar Jyoti did not admit to EVM hacking on orders from PM Modi during his tenure Next Article __Old& Unrelated videos are being shared linking them to the Cheetahs brought from Namibia ### About Author ![\\"\\"](\\" Harshavardhan Konda ### Related Posts ఈస్ట్(తూర్పు) తిమోర్లో తీసిన ఒక వీడియోని మహారాష్ట్రలో జరిగిన AIMIM ... ‘తెలంగాణ పై ముస్లింలకు ప్రథమ హక్కు ఉంటుంది’ అని కేసీఆర్ అన్నట్లుగా ఉ... 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The man who faked being deaf and dumb for 62 years to avoid listening to his wife is now facing divorce from his wife after she found out the truth | 3,305 | * Facebook * Twitter * Youtube * Instagram * Subscribe ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Navigate * ![](\\" * Stories 1. India 2. Infographics 3. Politics 4. Fact Check 5. Elections 6. Business 7. Crime 8. Life Featured ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-351x221.jpg\\") ## Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances By Suresh DeepalaOctober 2, 2024 __0 Recent ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-103x65.jpg\\") Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances October 2, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Rate_Image-103x65.jpg\\") PLFS Data: Reported Number of Average Working Hours A Week for Men Was Consistently Over 50 Hours September 30, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Modi-featured-image-103x65.jpeg\\") Data: Between 1999 & 2024, Indian Prime Ministers Visited 79 Different Countries September 27, 2024 __0 * Elections * Fact Checks * English * Telugu * Coronavirus * Others * Videos * Data Tools * Data Dashboards * Counting India * About Us * Our Story * Team * Fact Checking * Fact Check Methodology * Fact-Check Team * Non-partisanship Policy * Corrections Policy * FAQ’s * Contact Us * Subscribe * Careers * Compliance of IT Rules 2021 * Privacy Policy * GOVT. DATA ROUNDUP English, Fake News # No, man did not fake being deaf and dumb for 62 years 1 By Akhil Reddy on March 8, 2019 * A A A Twitter Facebook Reddit A post is being shared by many users on Facebook claiming that a man faked being deaf and dumb for 62 years to avoid listening to his wife and when the wife got to know about it, she applied for divorce. Let’s try to analyze the claim made in the post. ![\\"\\"](\\" deaf-and-dumb-FB-Post.jpg\\") > Claim: The man who faked being deaf and dumb for 62 years to avoid listening > to his wife is now facing divorce from his wife after she found out the > truth. > > Fact: The news being shared is from a website that publishes satirical & > fictional stories. This story is also one such. Hence, the claim made in the > post is FALSE. ![\\"\\"](\\" deaf-and-dumb-Fake-news-article.jpg\\") When one searches for the news on Google, a link to the exact post (World News Daily Report article) is found. The Disclaimer section of that website reads as “ _World News Daily Report assumes all responsibility for the _satirical_ nature of its articles and for the _fictional_ nature of their content. All characters appearing in the articles in this website – even those based on real people – are entirely fictional and any resemblance between them and any person, living, dead or undead, is purely a miracle_.” So, any news on that website should not be taken seriously. Hence it can be concluded that the posted article is a satire and the reasons being stated are purely fictional. ![\\"\\"](\\" deaf-dumb.-World-news-report-disclaimer.png\\") However, the people in the pictures used by World News Daily report are Burton Handelsman & his wife Lucille Handelsman. Burton is a real estate tycoon who owns most of the commercial property in World Avenue, Palm Beach, Florida. Lucille filed for divorce after 67 years of marriage alleging that her husband is in an illicit relationship with another woman. The Daily Mail reported this story. ![\\"\\"](\\" deaf-and-dumb-Real-News-article.jpg\\") To sum it up, man did not fake being deaf and dumb for 62 years. The story is a satirical one. ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Share. Twitter Facebook Google+ Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email __Previous Articleలండన్ లోని భారతీయుల హోటల్ బోర్డు పై అభినందన్ ఫోటో లేదు Next Article __Number of US Student Visas to Indian Nationals in 2018 is the lowest in 5 years ### About Author ![\\"\\"](\\" Akhil Reddy ### Related Posts 2019 video of a polling agent influencing voters in Haryana is false... తెలంగాణ ప్రభుత్వం రామాయణ సర్క్యూట్ లో భాగంగా భద్రాచలం అభివృద్ధికి సం... అయోధ్య కేసుపై సుప్రీం కోర్టు ప్రజల అభిప్రాయం కొరకు ఎటువంటి ఆన్లైన్ ప... ### 1 Comment 1. ![\\"\\"](\\" Charlene on February 3, 2020 5:00 pm May I please have a job * ![](\\" ![](\\" * ### RECENT POSTS * ![\\"\\"](\\" Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances October 2, 2024 __0 * ![\\"\\"](\\" PLFS Data: Reported Number of Average Working Hours A Week for Men Was Consistently Over 50 Hours September 30, 2024 __0 * ![\\"\\"](\\" Data: Between 1999 & 2024, Indian Prime Ministers Visited 79 Different Countries September 27, 2024 __0 * ![\\"\\"](\\" Review: Allahabad HC Says Desertion Cannot be Established Solely on Grounds That Parties Are Living Apart Due to Their Jobs September 25, 2024 __0 * ![\\"\\"](\\" Review: NITI Aayog’s Expert Group Releases a Report With Action Plan for a 100-Day Response to Any Future Outbreak or Pandemic. 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The man who faked being deaf and dumb for 62 years to avoid listening to his wife is now facing divorce from his wife after she found out the truth | 3,305 | Open in app Sign up Sign in Write Sign up Sign in ![\\"\\"](\\" # Fake News On Couple Divorce ![\\"Miranda](\\" Miranda Paredes · Follow 3 min read · Mar 19, 2019 \-- Listen Share ![\\"\\"](\\" Pictured above is Lucille and Burt Handelsman. The first time I came across this article I saw it was posted on Facebook a couple of months ago. The main headline explained how a couple of over six decades was heading towards divorce after the wife found out that the husband was avoiding her by faking that he was deaf. I’m highly aware of how much fake news is put into social media, so I didn’t click on the link when I first saw it, but I also thought it would be a good one to evaluate because it seemed like a funny yet interesting article. The fake news seemed to grab many peoples attention because it humored them to read the story. It already had hundreds of shares and comments as well as couples tagging their significant other to read about it. Worldnewsdailyreport.com was the website that this article was published on. The site even included some quotes from the couple to make the story seem more realistic and get people to believe it and spread the “news” to others. After some research, I learned that this article about this couple was false. The couple in the picture are from Miami and were indeed facing divorce back in 2018 but not for the same reason as the other site claims. The original news story comes from “The Palm Beach Post”. The couple was trying to get a divorce from one another because the wife claims her husband was lying, cheating, and stealing. The story was made public because it was up to the judge to split up their “550 million real estate empire.” The website that published this fake news used a photo of real-life people but changed up their names and covered up the real story behind the pictures to catch the readers attention with some humor and spread it all over social media where is where many people tend to get their news from nowadays. The names of this couple were changed from Lucille and Burt Handelsman to Barry and Dorothy Dawson. The story explains how “Barry” faked that he was deaf for “her [“Dorothy”] and his family” because he wanted to avoid listening to her. The article even quotes “Dorothy” and how she had to learn how to “communicate with her hands” in other words it took her two years to learn sign language. When using any kind of social media whether its Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc we should always be aware that not everything we read is true or accurate. Many use social media as a way to spread rumors about things or even other people, even if it is not true and it is the same thing with fake news. Some people make a living by creating fake news so they will always try to make it as realistic as they can in hopes that we will believe the story and continue to share it with our friends and so on. Works Cited Fake News Story ## Man faked being deaf and dumb for 62 years to avoid listening to his … ### According to the divorce papers, 84-year old Barry Dawson never spoke a single word in front of his 80-year old wife… archive.is Real News Story ## PBC judge now poised to divide massive spoils of Handelsman divorce ### After dozens of court hearings punctuated by claims of dishonesty, infidelity and greed, a Palm Beach County circuit… ![](\\" ## Sign up to discover human stories that deepen your understanding of the world. ## Free Distraction-free reading. No ads. Organize your knowledge with lists and highlights. Tell your story. Find your audience. Sign up for free ## Membership Read member-only stories Support writers you read most Earn money for your writing Listen to audio narrations Read offline with the Medium app Try for $5/month Journalism \-- \-- ![\\"Miranda](\\" Follow ## Written by Miranda Paredes 2 Followers Follow Help Status About Careers Press Blog Privacy Terms Text to speech Teams |
The man who faked being deaf and dumb for 62 years to avoid listening to his wife is now facing divorce from his wife after she found out the truth | 3,305 | AITA for yelling at my pregnant sister n law and telling my husband to choose me or her. : r/AITAH Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/AITAH A chip A close button Get app Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu * Log In / Sign Up * Advertise on Reddit * Shop Collectible Avatars ### Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now Or check it out in the app stores Go to AITAH r/AITAH r/AITAH this is a community like r/AmITheAsshole except unlike that subreddit here you can post interpersonal conflicts, anything that\'s AITA but is not allowed there even posting about Scar from the lion king and trying to convince redditors that he was not the AH. rules: don\'t berate others and no pornography we have children here * * * 2.4M Members 4.2K Online • 1 yr. ago Positive-You-385 ADMIN MOD # AITA for yelling at my pregnant sister n law and telling my husband to choose me or her. SECOND UPDATE SOON! See I know the title sounds wrong, but please here me out. I\'m currently typing this all up while my husband\'s entire family is sitting downstairs. So, I 29 F, have been married to my husband for 8 years. About 2 months ago I had my third miscarriage (31 weeks), I won\'t be talking about it because it makes me feel so depressed, but you\'ll need to remember this. About 4 months ago, my sister-in-law (20) came crying at our doorstep telling us she\'s pregnant and her boyfriend didn\'t want anything to do with the pregnancy; and had nowhere to go. My husband and I openly took her in, welcomed her into our home with open arms. For the first few weeks, it was really hard for her (understandably.) I sat with her for hours, holding her when she cried, binging our favorite tv shows, eating so much ice cream we quite literally fell into a coma. It was really bonding for us (so I thought.) Here\'s where is starts going downhill, I take pride in my neat, clean home. My sister-in- law on the other hand did not. She would leave her clothes all around the house, leave her dirty dishes wherever, even went as far and leaving her s3x toys on our living room table. I tried to talk to her directly before I talked to my husband, she immediately started crying and told me should try to be cleaner. I hugged her, told her it was okay, but this is a clear boundary for me. She told me it wouldn\'t happen again. But it only got worse, she told me I was expected to do her laundry, dishes, and clean her room daily because she\'s the pregnant one. Well, I do understand how hard it is being pregnant, I just couldn\'t allow feeling like a maid in my own home (disclaimer, I bought this house, not my husband. it was all me.) Not to mention my recent loss of my child. So, I told my husband, but what he told me shocked me. His exact words were \"Hunny, she\'s going through a lot right now, we really should be helping her out. plus, it might make you feel better, to take care of someone who\'s pregnant.\" I was pissed to say the least. Make me feel better?? Shes going through a lot? we need to help her? letting her stay with us wasn\'t enough??? While I don\'t want to invalidate her pain, my husband and I were also going through our own problems. Anyways we moved on, I did my best to maintain work and the household chores. My husband works 7am - 7pm so he isn\'t around to help much, I work full time from home, so it\'s been super stressful, when I even try to ask for help form my sister-in-law, she always makes an excuse. Even if she\'s just watching tv. The one thing that pushed me over the edge was I went out to buy my one food that I have actually enjoyed eating after my miscarriage. I wrote my name on it and directly asked my sister-in-law to not eat it. Well, I went to go to my fridge to get it, and you\'ll never guess. She freaking ate it. Now you may think \"It\'s just food.\" I buy all the groceries, basically pay all the bills. I don\'t mind people having some of my food, but the one thing I ask to not be touched, gets touched. I told my husband and of course he rubbed it into my face that she\'s pregnant, I need to be less selfish, and life is about sacrifices. I was so upset I told him i felt like him and her were the horrible roommate\'s people talk about on reddit. he didn\'t take that well lol. Which leads us to my title. My sister-in-law planned a random baby shower party thing, at my house. I personally didn\'t know If I could even be home when this was happening. I felt so hurt that she wouldn\'t talk to me knowing everything that has happened and that she would just invite random strangers into another person\'s home before asking. My husband urged me to go, told him it would permanently affect mine and her relationship. So, I told him I\'d go. About halfway through the party my husband and S.I.L announced that they wanted to show the nursery to everyone. I was confused, nursery? she was staying that long? What room did she turn into a nursery? They told everyone to head up stairs, that\'s when it hit me. They were talking about MY nursery, for MY baby I had JUST lost. A wave of emotions hit me when I saw everyone in my baby\'s nursery telling her what a good job they did setting it up. MY set up. For my baby, that my body failed to give me. I just lost it. I started sobbing, then that sadness turned into pure rage. I started yelling at my sister-in-law, telling her Shes the foulest human for putting me through everything she has for the last few months. Making me feel like I was a maid, or an object for her convenience. Through choked up tears I turned to my husband whose jaw was on the floor. I turned my head to see his entire family just staring at me. I lost it again. Yelling, I looked at my sister-in-law telling her; How dare she use my nursery, for my baby, how dare she think she has the right. What she told me, made me fall to my knees sobbing. \"It\'s not my fault you couldn\'t produce a child, why let this go to waste, you\'re so selfish.\" My husband tried to pick me up off the floor, but I yelled again, standing to my knees, which were now shaking, I told him. Pick. A dumbfound look on his face. I yelled again; Pick, me or her. He couldn\'t even muster up anything to say. I just looked at him, pure butyral, I pushed past the crowd of family and ran straight up here to type this out. Even if no one sees this, at least it\'s helped me let these emotions out. Now\'s the point where I ask, am I the asshole. UPDATE Sorry for any typos or misspelt words. I\'m not quite sure if this is the proper way to do an update but hopefully everyone can see it. First, I just want to address a few comments, (you can skip this part if you don\'t care lol) I know I had a stillborn. The only reason I say miscarriage is because that is what my obstetrician told me was happening. Second off, some people have been saying this story is fake because of the way I described the argument, (falling to my knees, pure betrayal, yes, I figured out I spelt it wrong) I can ensure you it is not. I cannot make anyone believe me, but this is my life, so you can either think it\'s fake or not. Here\'s the update everyone\'s been asking for, buckled up its a long one. After posting my story on reddit, I sat on my bed, wiping my tears and telling myself I will not take this disrespect. I walked downstairs shutting my nursery door on the way, I was greeted with everyone comforting my sister-in- law. I kindly asked everyone besides my sister-in-law and husband to respectfully get the fuck out of my house. After all the dirty looks and shaming, it was just my husband, sister-in-law and myself. They sat their selves on the couch, not saying anything. I sat with them. The silence felt like forever, none of us had anything to say, I knew I\'d have to start the conversation. I looked at my husband and said, did you decide? He looked at me just staring. I asked again in a firm tone this time. He ended up mumbling some sort of insult and I couldn\'t really make out what he said. Something with bitchy. I stood up and told them both to get out, then they wanted to talk. Telling me this is all a misunderstanding, their sorry, blah blah blah. I grabbed a backpack from my shoe closet and told them to pack their shit. My sister-in-law told me I couldn\'t just make her leave, and I was a horrible person. I laughed in her face and told her this is my house, and I can do whatever I wanted. My husband stood next to me and told her it was only for a little while. I turned to him and said, oh you too, get out. He got all mad and told me we were a married couple and that this isn\'t how marriage works. I told him, no it is not, marriage is where two people support each other, and not treat their wife like shit. They both ended up leaving after many insults towards me. Oh, but wait, It\'s not over. This morning as I was getting ready for a zoom meeting with a few other coworkers, when my husband showed up. I let him in telling him to get whatever he needed and to go because I had to work. He started apologizing and telling me he wants to make it right. I told him i just need time away from him. Then he threw in my face \"well it\'s not my fault you lost our children, maybe this would\'ve never happened. My sister was right, you are selfish.\" I have never ever made my husband feel like he cannot grief with me over this, never made him feel less than because of his pain. I turned around and slapped him in the face. I never condone violence, and I\'m very upset I would ever do that to another human, but I just couldn\'t deal with this. He took a step back and then threw all of my makeup on the floor (which I get) but then he started breaking all of my decor in my bathroom. I yelled at him to stop and that I was sorry, but he just kept going. Even going as far as punching a hole in my bathroom wall. It was like I was seeing all of his bottled-up emotions from our children\'s death come out. But he went too far when he tried to grab me, yelling in my face, I kicked him off and told him to get the fuck out. He walked out of the bathroom, and I watched him break a few more items as he left. The second he left I had a panic attack, looking at the mess he made, to even just seeing how much he hid his pain. I called my mother and told her everything that has been happening. (I don\'t talk to my family much due to some past trauma with them.) She told me she was on her way. The second she got here; I just broke down and she held me. Then she stood up and started taking pictures of everything he broke. I asked her what she was doing, and she turned to me and said we\'re suing this POS. I honestly didn\'t even argue, I was so hurt by everything my husband did to me. My mom packed up my computer and I grabbed a few outfits. My mom and I drove to a hotel, and she insisted on staying with me, while I finished up work my mom called a locksmith and my attorney. I will be divorcing him as well. So, there it is, here\'s the update everyone has been waiting for. I feel guilty for just giving up on my husband and 8 years of our marriage, but it\'s time for a divorce. I can\'t live like this, and neither can my husband. I wish I could say we moved on, forgave each other and I got to see my sister- in-law have her baby. But that\'s not reality. If anything, else happens I will let you all know. Thank you, guys, for the support and help with this situation. 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Sen Raphael Warnock voted for welfare for politicians plan Up to 25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign | 3,306 | The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Stand up for the facts! 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Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez “faces 5 Years in Jail For FEC Crimes.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Gabrielle Settles • June 23, 2023 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on April 29, 2023 in a Facebook post: Former President Barack Obama was arrested after his campaign “took $30 million illegally from Commie China fugitive.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Loreben Tuquero • May 3, 2023 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on March 23, 2023 in a Facebook post: “Trump just shared a bombshell letter from Stormy Daniels debunking DA Bragg\'s case.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Tom Kertscher • March 27, 2023 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Instagram posts stated on November 13, 2022 in an Instagram post: U.S. tax dollars sent to help Ukraine were laundered back by cryptocurrency firm FTX to help Democrats in midterms. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Jeff Cercone • November 15, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on August 30, 2022 in social media posts: An obscure filing with the Federal Election Commission shows Biden has formally announced his bid for another term. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Louis Jacobson • August 31, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" X posts stated on May 8, 2022 in a tweet: “Is ANYONE asking how Ron DeSantis was worth $340,000 in 2020 and is now worth $52 million?\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Yacob Reyes • May 12, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Mehmet Oz stated on March 10, 2022 in an ad: \"David McCormick paid for attacks on Donald Trump.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Tom Kertscher • March 16, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Marjorie Taylor Greene stated on February 19, 2022 in a talk before a rally: \"Ukraine was the No. 1 donor to Hillary Clinton when she was running for president.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Bill McCarthy • February 22, 2022 * ![](\\" ![](\\" National Republican Senatorial Committee stated on June 22, 2021 in an ad: Sen. Raphael Warnock “voted for welfare for politicians plan. Up to $25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Amy Sherman • June 25, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on January 27, 2021 in a Facebook post: Says Joe Biden canceled the Keystone pipeline because Warren Buffett “donated $58 million” to his campaign. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Tom Kertscher • January 29, 2021 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Uniting Missouri PAC stated on September 2, 2020 in a campaign ad: Says Nicole Galloway\'s campaign “is being bankrolled by the same extremists who want to defund our police.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By William Skipworth • October 14, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Ryan Fournier stated on June 11, 2020 in a status: “All money donated to Black Lives Matter goes directly to Act Blue, a Democrat Super PAC that then feeds the money to Democrat candidates.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Daniel Funke • June 12, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on April 2, 2020 in a Facebook post: Kennedy Center, PBS donated to Democrats after getting COVID-19 stimulus money. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Tom Kertscher • April 22, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez stated on February 20, 2020 in a tweet: Bernie Sanders has “never taken corporate lobbyist money in his *entire political career.*\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Tom Kertscher • March 9, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Erica Smith stated on September 1, 2019 in a tweet: Says she hasn’t taken corporate PAC money “since 2016.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Paul Specht • January 30, 2020 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Viral image stated on November 18, 2019 in a Facebook post: Says the Clinton Foundation \"gave ONLY $5 million to charities, spent $85 million for their salaries & travels and KEPT the rest = $87 million\" in 2014. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Daniel Funke • December 9, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on November 13, 2019 in in a Facebook post: Says \"Russia donated 0$ to Donald Trump. Russia donated 145.000.000$ to the Clinton Foundation.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Daniel Funke • November 15, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 7, 2019 in a Facebook post: Says that Olive Garden is \"funding\" President Trump\'s 2020 re-election campaign. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • October 28, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Instagram posts stated on August 8, 2019 in an Instagram post: Says 12 restaurants and food companies are \"supporting Trump’s re-election.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Daniel Funke • August 26, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on January 31, 2019 in a Facebook post: Says Mitch McConnell\'s \"biggest donor\" is a \"Russian oligarch that the GOP just lifted sanctions on.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Samantha Putterman • February 14, 2019 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez stated on November 19, 2018 in a tweet: In her defeat of Republican Rep. Karen Handel, Democratic challenger Lucy McBath \"was outspent 5-1.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Louis Jacobson • November 28, 2018 * ![](\\" ![](\\" National Republican Congressional Committee stated on October 18, 2018 in a campaign ad: Says \"billionaire George Soros bankrolls\" Minnesota Democrat Dan Feehan, who is \"employed by a Soros-funded liberal outfit in D.C.\" and his campaign is \"propped up by out of state super PACs backed by Soros\' millions.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Stephen Koff • October 30, 2018 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Ted Cruz stated on June 4, 2018 in an interview: Says \"Rosie O’Donnell apparently committed the same offense five times, five times, when she broke the identical law that Dinesh (D\'Souza) was prosecuted for.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Manuela Tobias • June 6, 2018 * ![](\\" ![](\\" JB Pritzker stated on December 6, 2017 in a candidate forum: \"I released way more (tax) information than Bruce Rauner has.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Matt Dietrich • December 11, 2017 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Rearfront.com stated on August 9, 2017 in a web post: \"Dwayne \'The Rock\' (Johnson) Has Officially Filed For The 2020 Presidential Campaign\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Louis Jacobson • August 14, 2017 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Reince Priebus stated on July 9, 2017 in an interview: \"It\'s an absolute fact\" that China and North Korea \"have consistently over many, many years\" meddled in U.S. elections. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Tom Kertscher • July 13, 2017 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Congressional Leadership Fund stated on May 22, 2017 in an attack ad: \"Bay Area liberals have given more to Jon Ossoff\'s campaign than people in Georgia.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Jon Greenberg • May 26, 2017 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on April 30, 2017 in Twitter: \"Dems want billions to go to Insurance Companies to bail out donors\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By John Kruzel • May 4, 2017 * Next #### Offices District of Columbia 1800 I Street NW Washington, DC 20006 Florida 801 3rd St. S St. Petersburg, FL 33701 727-821-9494 #### People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis #### State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin #### About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters #### RSS Feeds * Recent Articles and Fact-checks * Recent Fact-checks Suggest a Fact-check #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Copyright ©All Rights Reserved Poynter Institute 2020, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization ![\\"\\"](\\" * * * ✕ |
Sen Raphael Warnock voted for welfare for politicians plan Up to 25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign | 3,306 | Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file ![\\"\\"](\\"/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png\\") ![\\"Wikipedia\\"](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark- en.svg\\") ![\\"The](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline- en.svg\\") Search Search * Donate Appearance * Create account * Log in Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk ## Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1 Early life and education * 2 Religious work * 3 Political activism * 4 U.S. Senate Toggle U.S. Senate subsection * 4.1 Elections * 4.1.1 2020–21 Special * 4.1.2 2022 * 4.2 Tenure * 4.3 Committee assignments * 4.4 Caucuses * 5 Political positions Toggle Political positions subsection * 5.1 Abortion * 5.2 Agriculture * 5.3 Capital punishment and criminal justice * 5.4 Defense * 5.5 Economy and infrastructure * 5.6 Environment * 5.7 Gun control * 5.8 Healthcare * 5.9 Immigration * 5.10 LGBT rights * 5.11 Supreme Court * 5.12 Veterans and military families * 5.13 Voting rights * 5.14 Welfare * 5.15 Israeli-Palestinian conflict * 6 Personal life * 7 Electoral history * 8 Publications Toggle Publications subsection * 8.1 Books * 8.2 Articles * 9 See also * 10 References * 11 External links Toggle the table of contents # Raphael Warnock 28 languages * العربية * Čeština * Dansk * Deutsch * Eesti * Ελληνικά * Español * فارسی * Français * Gaeilge * Bahasa Indonesia * Italiano * עברית * Kernowek * Latviešu * Magyar * مصرى * Bahasa Melayu * Nederlands * Norsk bokmål * Polski * Português * Русский * Simple English * Suomi * Svenska * Українська * 中文 Edit links * Article * Talk English * Read * Edit * View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * Edit * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Get shortened URL * Download QR code * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects * Wikimedia Commons * Wikiquote * Wikisource Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia American pastor and politician (born 1969) The ReverendRaphael Warnock --- ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Raphael_Warnock_official_photo.jpg/220px- Raphael_Warnock_official_photo.jpg\\")Official portrait, 2021 United States Senatorfrom Georgia Incumbent **Assumed office** January 20, 2021Serving with Jon Ossoff Preceded by| Kelly Loeffler Personal details Born| Raphael Gamaliel Warnock (1969-07-23) July 23, 1969 (age 55)Savannah, Georgia, U.S. Political party| Democratic Spouse| Oulèye Ndoye (m. 2016; div. 2020) Children| 2 Residence(s)| Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Education| Morehouse College (BA)Union Theological Seminary (MDiv, MPhil, PhD) Occupation| * Politician * pastor * minister Website| Senate website Personal Religion| Christian Denomination| Baptist (Progressive National Baptist Convention) Organization Church| Ebenezer Baptist Church Senior posting Post| Senior pastor (2005–present) Raphael Warnock\'s voice Raphael Warnock speaks in support of the nomination of Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme CourtRecorded April 7, 2022 Raphael Gamaliel Warnock[1] (/ˈrɑːfiɛl ˈwɔːrnɒk/ RAH-fee-el WOR-nok; born July 23, 1969) is an American Baptist pastor and politician serving as the junior United States senator from Georgia since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Warnock has been the senior pastor of Atlanta\'s Ebenezer Baptist Church since 2005.[2][3] Warnock was the senior pastor of Douglas Memorial Community Church from 2001 to 2005.[4] He came to prominence in Georgia politics as a leading activist in the campaign to expand Medicaid in the state under the Affordable Care Act. On January 30, 2020, he announced his candidacy in Georgia\'s 2020 United States Senate special election, seeking to unseat incumbent Republican Kelly Loeffler.[5] No candidate received a majority of the vote on election day, so Warnock faced Loeffler again in a January 5, 2021, runoff election, which he won by more than 93,000 votes.[6] With Warnock\'s win and Jon Ossoff\'s victory in the concurrent regularly scheduled election, Democrats won control of the Senate for the first time since 2015.[7][8][9] Warnock and Ossoff are the first Democrats elected to the U.S. Senate from Georgia since Zell Miller in 2000.[10][11] Warnock is the first African American to represent Georgia in the Senate, and the first Black Democrat elected to the Senate from a Southern state.[12][13][14] He was reelected to a full term in 2022, defeating Republican nominee Herschel Walker. ## Early life and education [edit] Warnock was born in Savannah, Georgia, on July 23, 1969.[15] He grew up in public housing as the eleventh of twelve children born to Verlene and Jonathan Warnock, both Pentecostal pastors.[16][17] His father served in the U.S. Army during World War II, where he learned automobile mechanics and welding, and subsequently opened a small car restoration business where he restored junked cars for resale.[18] His mother picked cotton and tobacco in the summers in Waycross, Georgia, as a teenager and became a pastor.[19] Warnock graduated from Sol C. Johnson High School in 1987,[20] and having wanted to follow in the footsteps of Martin Luther King Jr., attended Morehouse College, from which he graduated cum laude in 1991 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology.[21][22] He credits his participation in the Upward Bound program for making him college-ready, as he was able to enroll in early college courses through Savannah State University.[20][22] He then earned Master of Divinity, Master of Philosophy, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from Union Theological Seminary, a school affiliated with Columbia University.[23][24][18] ## Religious work [edit] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Warnock_and_Lewis_%2850335718741%29.jpg/220px- Warnock_and_Lewis_%2850335718741%29.jpg\\")Warnock with John Lewis at a \"Souls to the Polls\" event. Warnock later officiated Lewis\'s funeral at Ebenezer Baptist Church.[25] Warnock began his ministry as an intern and licentiate at the Sixth Avenue Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama,[26] under the civil rights movement leader John Thomas Porter.[26][27] In the 1990s, he served as youth pastor and then assistant pastor at Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York.[28][29] While Warnock was pastor at Abyssinian, the church declined to hire workfare recipients as part of organized opposition to then-mayor Rudy Giuliani\'s workfare program.[30] The church also hosted Fidel Castro on October 22, 1995, while Warnock was youth pastor. There is no evidence Warnock was involved in that decision. During the 2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia, his campaign refused to say whether Warnock attended the event.[31] In January 2001, Warnock was elected senior pastor of Douglas Memorial Community Church in Baltimore, Maryland.[32][33] He and an assistant minister were arrested and charged with obstructing a 2002 police investigation into suspected child abuse at a summer camp the church ran. The police report called Warnock \"extremely uncooperative and disruptive\". Warnock had demanded that the counselors have lawyers present when being interviewed by police.[34] The charges were later dropped with the deputy state\'s attorney\'s acknowledgment that it had been a \"miscommunication\", adding that Warnock had aided the investigation and that prosecution would be a waste of resources.[35][36] Warnock said he was merely asserting that lawyers should be present during the interviews[37] and that he had intervened to ensure that an adult was present while a juvenile suspect was being questioned.[38] Warnock stepped down as the church\'s senior pastor in 2005.[4] On Father\'s Day 2005, Warnock was named senior pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, Martin Luther King Jr.\'s former congregation;[39] he is the fifth and the youngest person to serve as Ebenezer\'s senior pastor since its founding.[20][40][41] He has continued in the post while serving in the Senate.[42][43] As pastor, Warnock advocated for clemency for Troy Davis, who was executed in 2011.[44] In 2013, he delivered the benediction at the public prayer service at the second inauguration of Barack Obama.[45] After Fidel Castro died in 2016, Warnock told his church to pray for the Cuban people, calling Castro\'s legacy \"complex, kind of like America\'s legacy is complex\".[31] In March 2019, Warnock hosted an interfaith meeting on climate change at his church, featuring Al Gore and William Barber II.[46] He presided at Representative John Lewis\'s funeral at Ebenezer Church in July 2020.[47][25] On Easter Sunday 2021, Warnock\'s Twitter account tweeted, \"The meaning of Easter is more transcendent than the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Whether you are a Christian or not, through a commitment to helping others we are able to save ourselves.\" Some conservative Christians and political commentators criticized the tweet, including Benjamin Watson, Allie Beth Stuckey, and Jenna Ellis, who called it \"heretical\". The tweet was deleted that afternoon, with a spokesperson for Warnock saying, \"the tweet was posted by staff and was not approved\" but declining to say whether it reflected Warnock\'s beliefs.[48][49] ## Political activism [edit] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Secretary_Salazar_Tours_Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Historic_Site_- _May_27%2C_2009_%283932075041%29.jpg/220px- Secretary_Salazar_Tours_Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Historic_Site_- _May_27%2C_2009_%283932075041%29.jpg\\")Warnock with Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar at the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park in 2009 Warnock came to prominence in Georgia politics as a leader in the campaign to expand Medicaid in the state.[50] In 2013, he wrote an editorial for the Atlanta Journal Constitution that criticized Governor Nathan Deal for not supporting an integrated prom at the Wilcox County High School.[51] In March 2014, Warnock led a sit-in at the Georgia State Capitol to press state legislators to accept the expansion of Medicaid offered by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[52][53] He and other leaders were arrested during the protest.[52][54] Warnock also actively campaigned for Georgia Democrats to increase outreach to low-income communities.[55] In 2015, Warnock considered running in the 2016 election for the United States Senate seat held by Johnny Isakson as a member of the Democratic Party.[56] He opted not to run.[57][58] From June 2017 to January 2020, Warnock chaired the New Georgia Project, a nonpartisan organization focused on increasing voter registration.[59][40] Warnock supports expanding the Affordable Care Act and has called for the passage of the John Lewis Voting Rights Act.[60][50] He also supports increasing COVID-19-relief funding.[61] A proponent of abortion rights and gay marriage, he has been endorsed by Planned Parenthood.[62][63] He opposes the concealed carry of firearms, saying that religious leaders do not want guns in places of worship.[64] Warnock has long opposed the death penalty.[65] ## U.S. Senate [edit] ### Elections [edit] #### 2020–21 Special [edit] Main article: 2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Raphael_Warnock_for_Senate_logo_2.webp/220px- Raphael_Warnock_for_Senate_logo_2.webp.png\\")Warnock\'s U.S. Senate campaign logo In January 2020, Warnock decided to run in the 2020 special election for the United States Senate seat held by Kelly Loeffler, who was appointed after Johnny Isakson\'s resignation.[66] Stacey Abrams encouraged him to run and coordinated his support from Democratic leadership.[67] He was endorsed by Democratic senators Chuck Schumer, Cory Booker, Sherrod Brown, Kirsten Gillibrand, Jeff Merkley, Chris Murphy, Bernie Sanders, Brian Schatz, and Elizabeth Warren; the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, Stacey Abrams, and former presidents Barack Obama and Jimmy Carter.[68][40][69][70][71] Several players of the Atlanta Dream, a WNBA team Loeffler co-owned at the time, wore shirts endorsing Warnock in response to controversial comments Loeffler made about the Black Lives Matter movement.[72] The closing argument of Warnock\'s campaign focused on the $2,000 stimulus payments that he and Ossoff would approve if they were elected, giving Democrats a Senate majority.[73][74] In the January 5 runoff election, Warnock defeated Loeffler with 51.04% of the vote. With this victory, he became the first African American to represent Georgia in the Senate, the first Black Democratic U.S. senator elected in the South, and the first Black Democrat elected to the Senate by a former state of the Confederacy.[12][13][14][75] Warnock and Ossoff are the first Democrats elected to the U.S. Senate from Georgia since Zell Miller in 2000.[10][11] On January 7, Loeffler conceded.[76] The election result was certified on January 19.[77] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/E0G3h0JWUAUXxwq.jpg/220px-E0G3h0JWUAUXxwq.jpg\\")Warnock and Ossoff at the State of the Union in April 2021 after winning their first runoff elections #### 2022 [edit] Main article: 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia On January 27, 2021, Warnock announced that he would seek election to a full term in 2022.[78] Since no candidate received a majority of the vote in the general election on November 8, 2022, Warnock faced Walker in a runoff election on December 6, and won.[79][80] He became the first Georgia Democrat to win reelection to the Senate since Sam Nunn in 1990[81] and the first Deep South Democrat to win reelection to the Senate since Mary Landrieu of Louisiana in 2008.[82] ### Tenure [edit] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg/330px- President_Biden_signs_Juneteenth_National_Independence_Day_into_law.jpg\\")Warnock (grey necktie, behind President Biden) during the signing of Juneteenth National Independence Day Act, June 17, 2021 On January 20, 2021, Warnock was sworn into the United States Senate in the 117th Congress by Vice President Kamala Harris.[83][84][85] On February 13, 2021, Warnock voted to convict former president Donald Trump of inciting the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[86][87] On March 5, 2021, he co-sponsored an amendment to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour, along with 29 other Democratic and independent senators.[88] On March 17, 2021, he delivered his first speech on the Senate floor, in support of the passage of the For the People Act and the John Lewis Voting Rights Act.[89] In January 2022, when former U.S. senator Johnny Isakson died, Warnock introduced a Senate resolution to honor Isakson, which was enacted with bipartisan support, while commenting that Isakson was \"a patriot, a public servant\" who \"knew how to show up for people\".[90][91] In October 2022, a bill by Warnock and Senator Jon Ossoff was enacted into law, naming a United States Post Office building in Atlanta, Georgia after John Lewis, who was a U.S. representative for Atlanta until his death in 2020.[92][93] In September 2023, Warnock was the only Democrat on the Senate Banking Committee to vote against the Secure and Fair Enforcement Regulation (SAFER) Banking Act, which provides a safe harbor for legal state-level marijuana dispensaries and growers to access federally regulated banks.[94] ### Committee assignments [edit] Warnock has been assigned to the following committees for the 117th United States Congress:[95] * Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry * Subcommittee on Commodities, Risk Management, and Trade (Chair) * Subcommittee on Food and Nutrition, Specialty Crops, Organics, and Research * Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, Poultry, Local Food Systems, and Food Safety and Security * Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation * Subcommittee on Aviation Safety, Operations, and Innovation * Subcommittee on Communications, Media, and Broadband * Subcommittee on Space and Science * Subcommittee on Surface Transportation, Maritime, Freight, and Ports * Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs * Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment * Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development * Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection (Chair) * Congressional Joint Economic Committee * Special Committee on Aging ### Caucuses [edit] * Congressional Black Caucus[96][97] ## Political positions [edit] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Senator_Reverend_Raphael_Warnock_%28D-GA%29_%2850933141641%29.jpg/170px- Senator_Reverend_Raphael_Warnock_%28D-GA%29_%2850933141641%29.jpg\\")Warnock speaking at a press conference on the COVID-19 relief bill in 2021 ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/P20230115AS-0849_%2852634746521%29.jpg/220px-P20230115AS-0849_%2852634746521%29.jpg\\")Warnock with President Biden at Ebenezer Baptist Church, 2023 In April 2021, Politico reported that Warnock, as a U.S. senator, had embraced \"a progressive agenda\".[98] As of December 2022, Warnock had voted in line with President Joe Biden\'s stated position 96.5% of the time.[99] According to website GovTrack, for Warnock\'s Senate term from January 2021 to January 2023, he was ranked \"most politically right\" of all Senate Democrats in the 117th Congress, and was noted to have joined \"bipartisan bills the 2nd most often\" of all Senate Democrats in the 117th Congress.[100] ### Abortion [edit] Warnock has described himself as a \"pro-choice pastor\".[101][102] In December 2020, during Warnock\'s Senate campaign, a group of 25 Black ministers wrote him an open letter asking him to reconsider his abortion stance, calling it \"contrary to Christian teachings\" and saying abortion disproportionately affects African Americans. The Warnock campaign responded with a statement, writing that \"Warnock believes a patient\'s room is too small a place for a woman, her doctor, and the US government and that these are deeply personal health care decisions – not political ones.\"[103] Warnock called the June 2022 overturning of Roe v. Wade \"misguided\" and \"devastating for women and families in Georgia and nationwide.\"[104][105][106] ### Agriculture [edit] Warnock was the main sponsor of S.278 - Emergency Relief for Farmers of Color Act of 2021.[107] The bill would aid historically disaffected minority groups in the agriculture sector.[108] Warnock worked with Senator Tommy Tuberville to reduce barriers to trade for peanut exports, to assist peanut farmers in Georgia.[109][110][111] ### Capital punishment and criminal justice [edit] Warnock opposes the death penalty.[112] He unsuccessfully attempted to stop death row inmate Troy Davis\'s execution.[112] ### Defense [edit] After President Joe Biden recommended in March 2022 that the Air National Guard\'s Combat Readiness Training Center in Savannah, Georgia, be closed, Warnock was one of several Georgia lawmakers to oppose the move, calling Biden\'s recommendation \"bad for Savannah and bad for our national security\"; the Appropriations subcommittee of the House of Representatives rejected the recommendation in June 2022.[113] Warnock supported the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, which provides funding for defense purposes, saying: \"Georgia is an important military state ... Fort Stewart will get an upgrade in its energy plant to the tune of $22 million. There is also $100 million in this bill for barracks at Fort Stewart. We have to make sure that those who we ask to serve have what they need in order to serve\".[114] The barracks are slated to house over 370 soldiers.[115] ### Economy and infrastructure [edit] Warnock worked together with Senator Ted Cruz to introduce legislation to prioritize the building of Interstate 14 connecting Augusta, Macon, and Columbus in Georgia to Texas; Warnock said the interstate would be \"helpful for our military installations\" and \"for the economy in this region\".[116] The prioritization was ultimately approved within the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that passed in November 2021, with the interstate slated to also pass through Midland–Odessa, Texas; Alexandria, Louisiana; Laurel, Mississippi; and Montgomery, Alabama.[117] Warnock has helped to obtain millions in funding for the Port of Savannah and for the new Northeast Georgia Inland Port in Hall County, Georgia.[118][119] Warnock supports raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour.[120][121] ### Environment [edit] In 2022, Warnock emphasized the importance of the national climate bill within his campaign.[122] Warnock referenced the contaminated water and air in Black and brown communities, such as the water crises in Jackson, Mississippi, and Flint, Michigan, and the burden placed on low-income families that pay a larger portion of their income on utilities.[122] After attending a groundbreaking at Hyundai\'s electric vehicle plant in Savannah, Georgia alongside Brian Kemp, Warnock told reporters that climate policy is a \"moral\" issue.[123] He said, \"I\'ve also put forward a lot of legislation focused on creating a green energy future, everything from electric vehicles to electric batteries being manufactured in the state to investing in solar manufacturing\".[123] Warnock was a cosponsor of the Recycling Infrastructure and Accessibility Act of 2022,[124] a bipartisan bill that \"requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a pilot grant program for improving recycling accessibility in communities\".[125] ### Gun control [edit] Warnock received a grade of \"F\" from the NRA Political Victory Fund during his Senate campaign.[126] The NRA accused him of supporting the criminalization of private gun transfers and banning standard issue magazines, and endorsed Loeffler.[127] In 2014, Warnock gave a sermon in which he criticized Georgia\'s gun laws, saying that \"somebody decided that they had the bright idea to pass a piece of legislation that would allow guns and concealed weapons to be carried in churches. Have you ever been to a church meeting?... Whoever thought of that had never been to a church meeting.\"[128] ### Healthcare [edit] In October 2021, Warnock and Ossoff said that they had acquired federal funding under the American Rescue Plan for health centers across Georgia, including two in Macon and four in Albany, each of which received between $500,000 to $1,100,000.[129][130] Reacting to this, Warnock affirmed his support for the American Rescue Plan, saying: \"We must continue to do all we can to provide support and funding to our health care infrastructure and workers on the front lines of this pandemic.\"[129] A bipartisan bill on maternal health by Warnock and Senator Marco Rubio was incorporated into a $1.5 trillion federal spending package that passed Congress in March 2022.[131] Warnock\'s bill allocated $50 million for integrated healthcare services grants, $45 million to innovation grants, $25 million for training of healthcare workers, and approval of a study on how to teach health professionals to reduce discrimination.[131] Warnock said, \"Georgia is dead last when it comes to women and their access to healthcare\" and that the bill\'s aim was \"to make sure that when women are trying to bring a child in this world, they don\'t have to do so with one foot in the grave\".[131] In August 2022, the Senate passed the Inflation Reduction Act, which included two proposals by Warnock: a $2,000 annual limit on prescription drug costs for seniors on Medicare, and a $35 monthly limit on insulin costs for people on Medicare.[132] Republican lawmakers removed a third proposal by Warnock that would have imposed a $35 monthly limit on out-of-pocket insulin costs for people on private insurance.[132] ### Immigration [edit] Warnock criticized Trump\'s \"shithole countries\" comment in 2018 and his subsequent signing of a proclamation honoring Martin Luther King Jr., saying, \"I would argue that a proclamation without an apology is hypocrisy. There is no redemption without repentance and the president of the United States needs to repent.\"[133] Warnock also has supported keeping Title 42 expulsions, saying, \"We need assurances that we have security at the border and that we protect communities on this side of the border.\"[134] ### LGBT rights [edit] Warnock was endorsed by the Human Rights Campaign in 2020 and 2022 for his views on LGBT rights.[135][136] He supports the Equality Act, which would prohibit discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation.[137] Warnock also supported and cosponsored the Respect for Marriage Act, which would codify same-sex and interracial marriages, but was absent for the final vote due to campaigning.[138][139] ### Supreme Court [edit] Warnock twice declined to answer when asked whether he supported \"packing the Supreme Court\" by adding additional justices during a December 2020 debate.[140] ### Veterans and military families [edit] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/P20220518AS-1680-1_%2852196357096%29.jpg/220px-P20220518AS-1680-1_%2852196357096%29.jpg\\")President Biden meeting with U.S. Senators Raphael Warnock, Chuck Schumer, and Elizabeth Warren at the White House in May 2022 In June 2021, Warnock and Ossoff assisted six Georgia organizations that work to reduce veteran homelessness by obtaining between $375,000 to $500,000 of federal funds for each organization, using funds from the Department of Labor\'s Homeless Veterans\' Reintegration Program, which are intended to help the veterans find jobs.[141][142] In September 2021, Warnock worked together with Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith to introduce legislation designating September 19 to 25 as Gold Star Families Remembrance Week nationwide, to honor sacrifices made by families of servicemen who died serving the United States; the legislation passed the Senate unanimously.[143] In November 2021, a bill of Warnock\'s was enacted that approved a government study into whether there were racial disparities in benefits provided by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.[144] ### Voting rights [edit] In his maiden speech on the U.S. Senate floor, Warnock said one of his primary goals upon assuming office was to oppose voting restrictions and support federal voting reforms.[145] He has said that passing legislation to expand voting rights is important enough to end the Senate filibuster.[98][146] On March 17, 2021, Warnock said in a Senate floor speech that voting rights were under attack at a rate not seen since the Jim Crow era.[147][148] On April 20, 2021, Warnock and voting rights activist Stacey Abrams testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee in favor of passing the John Lewis Voting Rights Act and For the People Act. He was again critical of the new election laws passed in his home state, calling it a \"full-fledged assault on voting rights, unlike anything we seen since the era of Jim Crow.\"[149] He is not opposed to voter ID laws, but criticizes them when they discriminate against certain groups.[150][151] ### Welfare [edit] Warnock opposed New York mayor Rudy Giuliani\'s workfare reforms while he was assistant pastor at Abyssinian Baptist Church. In 1997, he told The New York Times, \"We are worried that workfare is being used to displace other workers who receive respectable compensation... We are concerned that poor people are being put into competition with other poor people, and in that respect, we think workfare is a hoax\".[152] ### Israeli-Palestinian conflict [edit] Warnock has expressed a range of views on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He has criticized Israel\'s actions, particularly in a May 2018 sermon where he discussed Israel\'s shooting of nonviolent Palestinian protesters, comparing the Palestinian cause to the Black Lives Matter movement. Warnock emphasized the struggle for human dignity and the Palestinians\' right to self- determination, while also advocating for a two-state solution where \"all of God\'s children can live together\".[153] In 2019, after a visit to Israel and the West Bank, Warnock signed a statement with other clergy that was critical of Israel\'s military occupation and settlement expansion in the West Bank. This statement compared the West Bank\'s heavy militarization to apartheid South Africa\'s occupation of Namibia, highlighting concerns about the viability of a two-state solution given these conditions.[154] Warnock reversed course on some of these positions during his Senate campaign in November 2020, calling the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel \"anti-Semitic\" and a refusal to acknowledge Israel\'s right to exist. He has said that he does not believe Israel is an apartheid state and recognizes Israel\'s significance as a democracy in the Middle East and its importance as America\'s partner in the region. Warnock has also expressed a commitment to working toward ensuring Iran does not obtain a nuclear weapon and has voiced his opposition to conditioning U.S. assistance to Israel.[153] In October 2023, Warnock publicly condemned Hamas\'s acts of violence against Israel at the start of Israel-Hamas War. In a statement, he called the violence \"heinous\" and emphasized the importance of seeking a \"lasting peace grounded in justice and human dignity for all of God\'s creatures.\"[155] In February 2024, Warnock delivered a Senate speech emphasizing American leadership in achieving Israeli-Palestinian peace. He called for a negotiated ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict, the release of hostages, and opening humanitarian corridors to aid Gaza, and underscored the need for a two-state solution based on peace, security, and self-determination for both peoples.[156] ## Personal life [edit] Warnock lives in Atlanta.[157] He married Oulèye Ndoye in a public ceremony on February 14, 2016; the couple had held a private ceremony in January.[21][158] They have two children. The couple separated in November 2019, and their divorce was finalized in 2020.[28] In March 2020, when Warnock and Ndoye were going through divorce proceedings, Ndoye accused Warnock of running over her foot with his car during a verbal argument; Warnock denied the accusation.[159] According to an Atlanta Police Department report, after Warnock called police to the scene, Ndoye was reluctant to show her foot to the responding police officer, who \"did not see any signs that Ms. Ouleye\'s foot was ran [sic] over\"; medical professionals then arrived at the scene, but were \"not able to locate any swelling, redness, or bruising or broken bones\" on Ndoye\'s foot.[160] Police did not charge Warnock with any crimes regarding the incident.[161] In February 2022, Ndoye asked the court to modify their child custody agreement, granting her \"additional custody of their two young children so she can complete a Harvard University program\", and for a recalculation of child support payments.[162] In October 2022, Savannah\'s city government honorarily renamed Cape Street, the street where Warnock grew up in public housing during the 1980s, Raphael Warnock Way.[163] ## Electoral history [edit] 2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia[164] Party | Candidate | Votes | % ---|---|---|--- Democratic | Raphael Warnock | 1,617,035 | 32.90 Republican | Kelly Loeffler (incumbent) | 1,273,214 | 25.91 Republican | Doug Collins | 980,454 | 19.95 Democratic | Deborah Jackson | 324,118 | 6.60 Democratic | Matt Lieberman | 136,021 | 2.77 Democratic | Tamara Johnson-Shealey | 106,767 | 2.17 Democratic | Jamesia James | 94,406 | 1.92 Republican | Derrick Grayson | 51,592 | 1.05 Democratic | Joy Felicia Slade | 44,945 | 0.91 Republican | Annette Davis Jackson | 44,335 | 0.90 Republican | Kandiss Taylor | 40,349 | 0.82 Republican | Wayne Johnson (withdrawn) | 36,176 | 0.74 Libertarian | Brian Slowinski | 35,431 | 0.72 Democratic | Richard Dien Winfield | 28,687 | 0.58 Democratic | Ed Tarver | 26,333 | 0.54 Independent | Allen Buckley | 17,954 | 0.37 Green | John Fortuin | 15,293 | 0.31 Independent | Al Bartell | 14,640 | 0.30 Independent | Valencia Stovall | 13,318 | 0.27 Independent | Michael Todd Greene | 13,293 | 0.27 Total votes | 4,914,361 | 100.0 2021 United States Senate special election in Georgia runoff[165] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% ---|---|---|---|--- Democratic | Raphael Warnock | 2,289,113 | 51.04% | +10.00% Republican | Kelly Loeffler (incumbent) | 2,195,841 | 48.96% | −5.84% Total votes | 4,484,954 | 100.0% Democratic gain from Republican 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia[166] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% ---|---|---|---|--- Democratic | Raphael Warnock (incumbent) | 1,946,117 | 49.44% | +1.05% Republican | Herschel Walker | 1,908,442 | 48.49% | −0.88% Libertarian | Chase Oliver | 81,365 | 2.07% | +1.35% Total votes | 3,935,924 | 100.0% 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia runoff[167] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% ---|---|---|---|--- Democratic | Raphael Warnock (incumbent) | 1,820,633 | 51.40% | +0.36% Republican | Herschel Walker | 1,721,244 | 48.60% | −0.36% Total votes | 3,541,877 | 100.0% Democratic hold ## Publications [edit] External videos --- ![\\"video](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px- Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png\\") After Words interview with Warnock on A Way Out of No Way, June 26, 2022, C-SPAN ### Books [edit] * Warnock, Raphael G. (December 2013). _The Divided Mind of the Black Church: Theology, Piety, and Public Witness_. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 9780814794463. OCLC 844308880. * Warnock, Raphael G. (June 2022). _A Way Out of No Way_. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 9780593491546.[168][169] OCLC 1281244406. ### Articles [edit] * \"I Can Still Hear My Father\'s Voice\", New York Times, June 15, 2022[170] ## See also [edit] * List of African-American firsts * List of African-American United States senators * List of African-American United States Senate candidates * List of Christian clergy in politics ## References [edit] 1. **^** \"Sen. Raphael Warnock - D Georgia, In Office - Biography | LegiStorm\". _ Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022. 2. **^** Brack, Naomii (November 19, 2020). \"Raphael G. Warnock (1969- )\". _BlackPast.org_. Archived from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022. 3. **^** Bowman, Bridget (November 23, 2022). \"Warnock launches direct-to-camera Thanksgiving ad\". _NBC News_. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2022. 4. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Fausset, Richard (November 1, 2020). \"Can Raphael Warnock Go From the Pulpit to the Senate?\". _The New York Times_. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. 5. **^** Rogers, Alex (January 30, 2020). \"Rev. Raphael Warnock enters US Senate race in Georgia | CNN Politics\". _CNN_. Archived from the original on February 20, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022. 6. **^** Wise, Alana (January 6, 2021). \"Democrat Raphael Warnock Wins Georgia Runoff\". _NPR_. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2022. 7. **^** Walsh, Deirdre; Snell, Kelsey (January 6, 2021). \"Democrats Take Control Of Senate With Twin Georgia Victories\". _NPR_. Archived from the original on October 6, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022. 8. **^** Walker, Amara; Morris, Jason; Kallingal, Mallika (January 8, 2021). \"Brad Raffensperger intends to certify results of Georgia\'s Senate runoffs by January 20\". _CNN_. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021. 9. **^** Peebles, Will (January 4, 2021). \"Georgia runoff Senate races: When will we know the winners? Could there be a second runoff?\". _Savannah Morning News_. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021. 10. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Williams, Ross (January 11, 2021). \"Record turnout among Black voters helped Democrats claim Senate\". _Georgia Recorder_. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved December 6, 2022. 11. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Relman, John L. Dorman, Eliza. \"Georgia voters will decide which party controls the Senate in 2 unusual runoff races in January\". _Business Insider_. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) 12. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Martin, Jonathan; Fausset, Richard (January 6, 2021). \"Warnock beats Loeffler in Georgia Senate race\". _The New York Times_. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021. "The victory is a landmark breakthrough for African-Americans in politics. Mr. Warnock becomes the first Black Democrat to be elected to the Senate from the Deep South since reconstruction." 13. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Beaumont, Peter (January 6, 2021). \"Why Raphael Warnock was elected Georgia\'s first black US senator\". _the Guardian_. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2022. 14. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Waxman, Olivia (January 7, 2021). \"\'Another Milestone in the Long, Long Road.\' Rev. Raphael Warnock\'s Georgia Senate Victory Made History in Multiple Ways\". _Time_. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2022. 15. **^** \"Warnock, Raphael G.\" _Biographical Directory of the United States Congress_. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021. 16. **^** Lewis, Ricardo (February 15, 2016). \"From Public Housing to the People\'s Pastor: Savannah native uses pulpit as platform for change\". WSAV-TV. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2020. 17. **^** Jones, Tayari (June 23, 2022). \"Senator Raphael Warnock Is Running Again for the Soul of Georgia\". _Time_. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2022. 18. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Jealous, Ben; Shorters, Trabian (February 3, 2015). _Reach: 40 Black Men Speak on Living, Leading, and Succeeding_. Simon and Schuster. pp. 227–. ISBN 978-1-4767-9983-4. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2020. 19. **^** Bella, Timothy; Elfrink, Tim (January 6, 2021). \"Warnock, Georgia\'s first Black senator, honors mother and \'the 82-year-old hands that used to pick somebody else\'s cotton\'\". _The Washington Post_. Retrieved December 6, 2022. 20. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ Clark Felty, Dana (October 6, 2006). \"From Kayton Homes to King\'s pulpit\". _Savannah Morning News_. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2020. 21. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Poole, Shelia (February 16, 2016). \"Ebenezer\'s Pastor Raphael Warnock to wed in public ceremony on Sunday\". _The Atlanta Journal-Constitution_. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2020. 22. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ \"The Reverend Raphael Gamaliel Warnock, Ph. D.\" African American Heritage House. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. 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Retrieved February 29, 2024. 157. **^** \"Editorial: Warnock\'s Senate bid big for Savannah\". _Savannah Morning News_. January 30, 2020. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021. 158. **^** Poole, Shelia (February 16, 2016). \"A look at the wedding of Rev. Raphael Warnock and Ouleye Ndoye\". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2020. "The Rev. Raphael G. Warnock, senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Ouleye Ndoye were wed publicly on Valentine\'s Day at the Auburn Avenue church. They initially wed in a private ceremony last month in Danforth Chapel on the campus of Morehouse College, Warnock\'s alma mater." 159. **^** Deese, Kaelan (December 24, 2020). \"Warnock says he\'ll focus on Georgians after video of ex-wife surfaces\". _The Hill_. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. 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Retrieved November 24, 2022. 164. **^** \"2020 General Election Official Results - US SENATE (LOEFFLER) - SPECIAL\". _Georgia Secretary of State_. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2020. 165. **^** \"Georgia U.S. Senate runoff results\". _The Washington Post_. Archived from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021. 166. **^** \"United States Senate - November 8, 2022 General Election\". Georgia Secretary of State. November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2022. 167. **^** \"December 6, 2022 - General Election Runoff Unofficial Results\". _Georgia Secretary of State_. Retrieved December 5, 2022. 168. **^** Kaiser, Charles (June 18, 2022). \"A Way Out of No Way review: Raphael Warnock, symbol of hope for America\". _The Guardian_. Archived from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022. 169. **^** Joyner, Tammy (June 17, 2022). \"Sen. Warnock recounts his path from the projects to Georgia politics\". _The Washington Post_. Retrieved June 19, 2022. 170. **^** Warnock, Raphael (June 15, 2022). \"Opinion | Raphael Warnock: I Can Still Hear My Father\'s Voice\". _The New York Times_. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2024. ## External links [edit] Raphael Warnock at Wikipedia\'s sister projects * ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png\\")Media from Commons * ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png\\")Quotations from Wikiquote * ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\\")Texts from Wikisource * ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png\\")Data from Wikidata * Senator Raphael Warnock official U.S. Senate website * Warnock for Georgia Archived March 4, 2021, at the Wayback Machine campaign website * Biography at the Ebenezer Baptist Church * Appearances on C-SPAN ![\\"Edit](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\\") * Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress * Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission * Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress * Profile at Vote Smart Party political offices --- Preceded byJim Barksdale | Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia (Class 3) 2020, 2022 | Most recent U.S. Senate Preceded byKelly Loeffler | U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Georgia 2021–present Served alongside: Jon Ossoff | Incumbent U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) Preceded byJon Ossoff _**as United States Senator fromGeorgia**_ | Order of precedence of the United States _as United States Senator fromGeorgia _ since January 20, 2021 | Succeeded byAlex Padilla _**as United States Senator fromCalifornia**_ United States senators by seniority 90th | Succeeded byPeter Welch * v * t * e United States senators from Georgia --- Class 2| * Few * Jackson * Walton * Tattnall * Baldwin * Jones * Crawford * Bulloch * Bibb * Troup * Forsyth * Walker * Ware * Cobb * Prince * Troup * King * Lumpkin * Berrien * Charlton * Toombs * H. Miller * Norwood * B. Hill * Barrow * A. Colquitt * Walsh * Bacon * West * Hardwick * Harris * Cohen * Russell * Gambrell * Nunn * Cleland * Chambliss * Perdue * Ossoff Class 3| * Gunn * Jackson * Milledge * Tait * Elliott * Berrien * Forsyth * Cuthbert * W. Colquitt * Johnson * Dawson * Iverson * J. Hill * Gordon * Brown * Gordon * Clay * Terrell * Smith * Watson * Felton * George * Talmadge * Mattingly * Fowler * Coverdell * Z. Miller * Isakson * Loeffler * Warnock * v * t * e Statewide political officials of Georgia --- U.S. senators| * Jon Ossoff * Raphael Warnock State government| * Brian Kemp, Governor * Burt Jones, Lieutenant Governor * Brad Raffensperger, Secretary of State * Chris Carr, Attorney General * Steve N. McCoy, Treasurer (appointed) * Richard Woods, Superintendent * Tyler Harper, Agriculture Commissioner * John F. King, Insurance Commissioner * Bruce Thompson, Labor Commissioner * Tim Echols, Fitz Johnson, Bubba McDonald, Tricia Pridemore, Jason Shaw, Public Service Commissioners Senate| * Burt Jones, President * John Kennedy, President pro tempore * Steve Gooch, Majority Leader * Gloria Butler, Minority Leader House| * Jon G. Burns, Speaker * Jan Jones, Speaker pro tempore * Chuck Efstration, Majority Leader * James Beverly, Minority Leader Supreme Court| * Michael P. Boggs, Chief Justice * Nels S. D. Peterson, Presiding Justice * Sarah Hawkins Warren * Charlie Bethel * John J. Ellington * Carla Wong McMillian * Shawn Ellen LaGrua * Verda Colvin * Andrew Pinson, Associate Justices * v * t * e Georgia\'s current delegation to the United States Congress --- Senators| * ▌Jon Ossoff (D) * ▌Raphael Warnock (D) Representatives (ordered by district)| * ▌Buddy Carter (R) * ▌Sanford Bishop (D) * ▌Drew Ferguson (R) * ▌Hank Johnson (D) * ▌Nikema Williams (D) * ▌Rich McCormick (R) * ▌Lucy McBath (D) * ▌Austin Scott (R) * ▌Andrew Clyde (R) * ▌Mike Collins (R) * ▌Barry Loudermilk (R) * ▌Rick Allen (R) * ▌David Scott (D) * ▌Marjorie Taylor Greene (R) * v * t * e Current United States senators --- President: ▌ Kamala Harris (D) ‧ President pro tempore: ▌ Patty Murray (D) * AL: ▌ Tuberville (R)⎣ ▌ Britt (R) * AK: ▌ Murkowski (R)⎣ ▌ Sullivan (R) * AZ: ▌ Sinema (I)⎣ ▌ Kelly (D) * AR: ▌ Boozman (R)⎣ ▌ Cotton (R) * CA: ▌ Padilla (D)⎣ ▌ Butler (D) * CO: ▌ Bennet (D)⎣ ▌ Hickenlooper (D) * CT: ▌ Blumenthal (D)⎣ ▌ Murphy (D) * DE: ▌ Carper (D)⎣ ▌ Coons (D) * FL: ▌ Rubio (R)⎣ ▌ R. Scott (R) * GA: ▌ Ossoff (D)⎣ ▌ Warnock (D) * HI: ▌ Schatz (D)⎣ ▌ Hirono (D) * ID: ▌ Crapo (R)⎣ ▌ Risch (R) * IL: ▌ Durbin (D)⎣ ▌ Duckworth (D) * IN: ▌ Young (R)⎣ ▌ Braun (R) * IA: ▌ Grassley (R)⎣ ▌ Ernst (R) * KS: ▌ Moran (R)⎣ ▌ Marshall (R) * KY: ▌ McConnell (R)⎣ ▌ Paul (R) * LA: ▌ Cassidy (R)⎣ ▌ Kennedy (R) * ME: ▌ Collins (R)⎣ ▌ King (I) * MD: ▌ Cardin (D)⎣ ▌ Van Hollen (D) * MA: ▌ Warren (D)⎣ ▌ Markey (D) * MI: ▌ Stabenow (D)⎣ ▌ Peters (D) * MN: ▌ Klobuchar (D)⎣ ▌ Smith (D) * MS: ▌ Wicker (R)⎣ ▌ Hyde-Smith (R) * MO: ▌ Hawley (R)⎣ ▌ Schmitt (R) * MT: ▌ Tester (D)⎣ ▌ Daines (R) * NE: ▌ Fischer (R)⎣ ▌ Ricketts (R) * NV: ▌ Cortez Masto (D)⎣ ▌ Rosen (D) * NH: ▌ Shaheen (D)⎣ ▌ Hassan (D) * NJ: ▌ Booker (D)⎣ ▌ Helmy (D) * NM: ▌ Heinrich (D)⎣ ▌ Luján (D) * NY: ▌ Schumer (D)⎣ ▌ Gillibrand (D) * NC: ▌ Tillis (R)⎣ ▌ Budd (R) * ND: ▌ Hoeven (R)⎣ ▌ Cramer (R) * OH: ▌ Brown (D)⎣ ▌ Vance (R) * OK: ▌ Lankford (R)⎣ ▌ Mullin (R) * OR: ▌ Wyden (D)⎣ ▌ Merkley (D) * PA: ▌ Casey (D)⎣ ▌ Fetterman (D) * RI: ▌ Reed (D)⎣ ▌ Whitehouse (D) * SC: ▌ Graham (R)⎣ ▌ T. Scott (R) * SD: ▌ Thune (R)⎣ ▌ Rounds (R) * TN: ▌ Blackburn (R)⎣ ▌ Hagerty (R) * TX: ▌ Cornyn (R)⎣ ▌ Cruz (R) * UT: ▌ Lee (R)⎣ ▌ Romney (R) * VT: ▌ Sanders (I)⎣ ▌ Welch (D) * VA: ▌ Warner (D)⎣ ▌ Kaine (D) * WA: ▌ Murray (D)⎣ ▌ Cantwell (D) * WV: ▌ Manchin (I)⎣ ▌ Capito (R) * WI: ▌ Johnson (R)⎣ ▌ Baldwin (D) * WY: ▌ Barrasso (R)⎣ ▌ Lummis (R) * ▌ Republican: 49 * ▌ Democratic: 47 * ▌ Independent: 4 * v * t * e Georgia\'s delegation(s) to the 117th–present United States Congress (ordered by seniority) --- | 117th | Senate: * ▌K. Loeffler (R) * ▌J. Ossoff (D) * ▌R. Warnock (D) | House: * ▌S. Bishop (D) * ▌D. Scott (D) * ▌H. Johnson (D) * ▌A. Scott (R) * ▌R. Allen (R) * ▌B. Carter (R) * ▌J. Hice (R) * ▌B. Loudermilk (R) * ▌D. Ferguson (R) * ▌L. McBath (D) * ▌C. Bourdeaux (D) * ▌A. Clyde (R) * ▌M. Greene (R) * ▌N. Williams (D) ---|---|--- 118th | Senate: * ▌J. Ossoff (D) * ▌R. Warnock (D) | House: * ▌S. Bishop (D) * ▌D. Scott (D) * ▌H. Johnson (D) * ▌A. Scott (R) * ▌R. Allen (R) * ▌B. Carter (R) * ▌B. Loudermilk (R) * ▌D. Ferguson (R) * ▌L. McBath (D) * ▌A. Clyde (R) * ▌M. Greene (R) * ▌N. Williams (D) * ▌M. Collins (R) * ▌R. McCormick (R) Portals: * ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png\\") Biography * ![\\"icon\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png\\") Christianity * ![\\"flag\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png\\") Georgia (U.S. state) * ![\\"icon\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/18px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png\\") Liberalism * ![\\"icon\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png\\") Politics * ![\\"flag\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\\") United States Authority control databases ![\\"Edit](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit- ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png\\") --- International| * VIAF * WorldCat National| * Germany * United States * Netherlands People| * US Congress Other| * SNAC Retrieved from \" Categories: * 1969 births * 20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States * 21st-century African-American politicians * 21st-century American male writers * 21st-century American legislators * 21st-century Baptist ministers from the United States * Activists for African-American civil rights * Activists from Atlanta * African-American activists * African-American Baptist ministers * African-American men in politics * African-American non-fiction writers * African-American people in Georgia (U.S. state) politics * African-American theologians * African-American United States senators * American anti-poverty advocates * American Baptist Churches USA ministers * Baptist writers * Baptists from Georgia (U.S. state) * Clergy from Atlanta * Democratic Party United States senators from Georgia (U.S. state) * Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats * Living people * Morehouse College alumni * American nonviolence advocates * Politicians from Atlanta * Politicians from Savannah, Georgia * Union Theological Seminary alumni * Writers from Atlanta * Writers from Savannah, Georgia * African-American candidates for the United States Senate Hidden categories: * CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list * All articles with dead external links * Articles with dead external links from February 2023 * Articles with permanently dead external links * CS1 maint: unfit URL * Articles with short description * Short description matches Wikidata * Use mdy dates from January 2023 * Use American English from December 2021 * All Wikipedia articles written in American English * Articles with hAudio microformats * No local image but image on Wikidata * Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata * Webarchive template wayback links * People appearing on C-SPAN * This page was last edited on 3 October 2024, at 09:23 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. 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Sen Raphael Warnock voted for welfare for politicians plan Up to 25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign | 3,306 | The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Get PolitiFact in your inbox. * Weekly Email Newsletter * Daily Email Newsletter Your Email Address Sign Up ![](\\" rudygiuliani/284bc4438a7be1da4dc64b1371a6b23d.jpg\\") ![](\\" rudygiuliani/e199c9dcf8cd798c6b0f38ca53495eb2.jpg\\") Rudy Giuliani stated on September 19, 2007 in a comment to reporters in London.: \"I\'m probably one of the four or five best-known Americans in the world.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"pants- fire\\"](\\" * National * Candidate Biography * Rudy Giuliani ![\\"Angie](\\" By Angie Drobnic Holan September 24, 2007 # Famous, but not that famous Rudy Giuliani has been a world traveler since he ended his term as New York City mayor to become a security consultant. He says he\'s made 91 trips to 35 countries in the past five years. On a whirlwind tour of the United Kingdom recently, he met with Prime Minister Gordon Brown and schmoozed Ronald Reagan\'s old friend Margaret Thatcher. In 2002, Queen Elizabeth II gave him an honorary knighthood for his leadership after the Sept. 11 attacks. He must have been feeling particularly well-loved when he bragged to reporters in London that he was one of the \"four or five\" most famous Americans in the world. Reporters were quick to ask: Who else is on the list? \"Bill Clinton … Hillary,\" Rudy began, before aides (wisely?) pulled him away. He might want to add those two guys from his own party: George W. Bush and Dick Cheney. We know Giuliani is from New York, and if you can make it there, you can make it anywhere. But still … top five? In the world? We turned to the world of scientific polling. Polling the globe is a daunting proposition. But representatives of both the Gallup World Poll and the Pew Global Attitudes Project said they have never queried the world on who among us Americans is best known. We asked Giuliani\'s campaign staff, but they didn\'t offer anything to back up the claim. Opinionmakers across the Web guffawed at the notion that Giuliani ranks so high and were willing to offer other ideas. The New York Daily News suggested Brangelina, Madonna and Oprah Winfrey, among others. Wonkette, a political gossip blog, offered suggestions from George Washington to Michael Jackson. Chris Reed, a San Diego Union-Tribune blogger, said Colin Powell, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tom Cruise and slew of other celebs are more famous. (Fair warning: Reed calls his blog \"America\'s Finest Blog.\") We here at PolitiFact finally turned to an unscientific — but world-famous — measure of celebrity: Google hits. Here\'s what we found: #### Featured Fact-check ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on August 23, 2024 in a speech in Las Vegas “Kamala cast the tiebreaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.” ![\\"true\\"](\\" false/33efdb6633e5e2fdc2d4e2f63383a1e0.jpg.\\") ![\\"false\\"](\\" false.jpg\\") By Amy Sherman • August 28, 2024 \"George W. Bush\": 36.4-million hits \"Oprah\": 21.9-million hits \"Tom Cruise\": 10.1-million hits \"Angelina Jolie\": 9.9-million hits \"Brad Pitt\": 7.2-million hits \"Hillary Clinton\": 5.8-million hits \"Bill Clinton\": 5.8-million hits \"Dick Cheney\": 2.5-million hits \"Arnold Schwarzenegger\": 2.3-million hits \"Rudy Giuliani\": 2.1-million hits. That puts Giuliani at No. 10. And we didn\'t even include Madonna, because we couldn\'t figure out how to weed out the religious and artwork references. For all of the above reasons, we rate this claim \"pants on fire.\" #### Read About Our Process The Principles of the Truth-O-Meter ### Our Sources Pew Global Attitudes Project Gallup World Poll New York Daily News. On U.K. schmooze tour, Rudy Giuliani boasts of his fame. Sept. 20, 2007. Wonkette In Rudy Giuliani\'s mind, he\'s \'one of the four or five best known Americans in the world.\' Sept. 20, 2007. Chris Reed. The deliriously self-aggrandizing Rudy Giuliani. SignOnSanDiego.com. Sept. 19, 2007. ## Browse the Truth-O-Meter ### More by Angie Drobnic Holan ![](\\" ![](\\" Joe Biden stated on September 27, 2020 in a speech: Says Amy Coney Barrett “has a written track record, disagreeing adamantly with the Supreme Court’s decision to uphold the ACA. In fact, she publicly criticized Chief Justice Roberts’ opinion upholding the law eight years ago.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • September 28, 2020 ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/322c808c00e73c217d17772ddd5a0eb5.jpg\\") ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/8b142c91ebe468a84a192e6df2b7b994.jpg\\") Instagram posts stated on September 22, 2020 in an Instagram post: Like Al-Qaeda and ISIS, Amy Coney Barrett has said her “end goal is to end the separation of church and state & build a ‘Kingdom of God’ in the United States.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Angie Drobnic Holan • September 27, 2020 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ilhan Omar stated on March 23, 2019 in a speech: Says that the Council on American-Islamic Relations was founded in response to 9/11. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Angie Drobnic Holan • April 15, 2019 ![](\\" ![](\\" Mike Pence stated on September 4, 2016 in an interview on \"Meet the Press\": Says Hillary Clinton \"wants to increase Syrian refugees to this country by 550 percent.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Angie Drobnic Holan • September 4, 2016 ![](\\" ![](\\" Antonio Sabato Jr. stated on July 19, 2016 in an interview with ABC News: Says President Barack Obama is \"absolutely\" a Muslim. ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • July 19, 2016 ![](\\" ![](\\" Donald Trump stated on June 22, 2016 in a speech in New York City: Says Hillary Clinton \"said she was under attack (in Bosnia) but the attack turned out to be young girls handing her flowers.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Jon Greenberg • June 22, 2016 ![](\\" ![](\\" Marco Rubio stated on January 17, 2016 in an interview on \"Meet the Press\": Hostages were released as soon as Ronald Reagan took office because Iran perceived that America was \"no longer under the command of someone weak.\" ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • January 17, 2016 ![](\\" CPAC_2/f54f1329272f267379fffcff90466749.JPG\\") ![](\\" CPAC_2/6136851197fac48e57d24a159cda9ff2.JPG\\") Ben Carson stated on September 27, 2015 in an interview on ABC\'s \"This Week\": \"We\'ve had examples like in Yuma County, where we\'ve been able to stop 97 percent of the illegal (immigration) flow, and those programs, they abolish.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • September 27, 2015 ![](\\" ![](\\" Charlie Crist stated on October 14, 2014 in a campaign ad: Says Rick Scott changed his promise from 700,000 jobs created \"on top of what normal growth would be\" to just 700,000 jobs. ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Angie Drobnic Holan • October 14, 2014 ![](\\" ![](\\" Charlie Crist stated on March 3, 2014 in in an interview on CNN: On the economic stimulus. ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-flip\\"](\\" flip.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • September 30, 2014 ![](\\" group-icon/d641c237d999e9af7bc99364641ffff5.jpg\\") ![](\\" group-icon/fb64d6bf6a2959cc2033c476b310378f.jpg\\") Americans For Tax Reform stated on April 14, 2014 in in a press release: \"Obama has proposed 442 tax hikes since taking office.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • April 22, 2014 ![](\\" ![](\\" National Republican Congressional Committee stated on February 12, 2014 in a television ad: \"300,000 Floridians will lose their current health plans\" because of Obamacare, a plan Alex Sink supports. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • February 14, 2014 ![](\\" ![](\\" Janet Napolitano stated on August 27, 2013 in a speech at the National Press Club: The 2010 DREAM Act failed despite \"strong bipartisan support.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • August 28, 2013 ![](\\" emailer/3def8495970cc07eac4830a436f0dde8.jpg\\") ![](\\" emailer/8326b12f6f63c036e56624abe598b6a8.jpg\\") Chain email stated on May 29, 2013 in a chain email: Says the word \"Dhimmitude\" is on page 107 of the health care law and means \"Muslims are specifically exempted from the government mandate to purchase insurance.\" ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • May 30, 2013 ![](\\" ![](\\" Marco Rubio stated on May 3, 2013 in a position on legislation: On an early date for Florida\'s presidential primary ![\\"full-flop\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"full-flop\\"](\\" flop.jpg\\") By Angie Drobnic Holan • May 9, 2013 ### Famous, but not that famous * ![](\\" ![](\\" TikTok posts stated on September 19, 2024 in a video: Video claims to show Donald Trump in an interview with Diddy ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Kwasi Gyamfi Asiedu • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" X posts stated on September 18, 2024 in X posts: “iPhones exploding in Lebanon blowing up random people.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Sofia Ahmed • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" TikTok posts stated on September 18, 2024 in a TikTok video: “Attorney General Merrick Garland just vetoed charging Ryan Routh with attempted assassination” of Donald Trump. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Jeff Cercone • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 14, 2024 in a Facebook post: \"Taylor Swift unexpectedly lost a $125 million brand contract after a massive advertising campaign” endorsing Vice President Kamala Harris. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Maria Briceño • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 12, 2024 in una publicación en Facebook: “Portugal lanza monedas de 7 euros para honrar al legendario futbolista Cristiano Ronaldo”. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Marta Campabadal Graus • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Kamala Harris stated on September 12, 2024 in a rally in Charlotte, North Carolina: Former President Donald Trump “started out with $400 million on a silver platter and then filed for bankruptcy six times.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Louis Jacobson • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" X posts stated on September 15, 2024 in posts: Ryan Routh\'s Instagram bio says he is a \"proud LGBTQ+ member\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Grace Abels • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 17, 2024 in a Facebook post: “Chiefs\' Coach Andy Reid criticizes Taylor Swift: ‘You’re not a good role model.’” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 17, 2024 in a Facebook post: “Kansas City Chiefs CEO bans Taylor Swift from attending games, calling her the team’s ‘biggest distraction.’” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Ciara O\'Rourke • September 20, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" JD Vance stated on September 15, 2024 in a \"Meet the Press\" interview: Former President Donald Trump could have destroyed the Affordable Care Act, but “he chose to build upon (it).\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Julie Appleby • September 20, 2024 Load more ### Support independent fact-checking. 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PUBLISHED 12:26 PM ET Apr. 25, 2023 PUBLISHED 12:26 PM EDT Apr. 25, 2023 SHARE President Joe Biden’s reelection campaign is comprised of faces both old and new as he seeks a second term in the White House. From key allies who helped propel his 2020 campaign to rising stars in the Democratic Party — and even the Hollywood executive behind hits like “Shrek” and “Beauty and the Beast” — Biden said that the individuals he tapped to lead his reelection bid will build and expand on the coalition that helped him clinch a historic victory three years ago. “Our campaign co-chairs are hardworking public servants that have dedicated their lives to making Americans’ lives better,” Biden wrote in a statement. “I’ve been able to count on each and every one of them throughout my career, especially in the most challenging moments. Together, this team brings the expertise, leadership, and work ethic required to win this election and finish the job for the American people.” Here’s a look at who Biden selected to run his 2024 campaign: ### Julie Chávez Rodriguez, campaign manager ![](\\" White House Intergovernmental Affairs director Julie Chavez Rodriguez stands outside the White House, Wednesday, June 9, 2021, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File) Reports emerged earlier this week that Rodriguez, a longtime Democratic activist and senior White House adviser, would be leading Biden’s campaign. In his campaign announcement Tuesday, Biden hailed Rodriguez and her deputy, Quentin Fulks, as “trusted, effective leaders that know the stakes of this election and will bring their knowledge and energy to managing a campaign that reaches all Americans.” Rodriguez, who has served as director of the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs since the beginning of Biden’s administration, previously worked in the Obama administration and later served on the staff of then-Sen. Kamala Harris. She worked as a volunteer on Barack Obama’s 2008 campaign in Colorado and later worked on Harris’ 2020 presidential campaign before the Biden campaign hired her as a senior adviser to oversee Latino outreach. She is also the granddaughter of famed labor leaders César Chávez and Helen Fabela Chávez. Biden, a proponent of the labor movement and admirer of César Chávez, placed a bust of the labor leader in the Oval Office. ![](\\" A sculpture of Latino American civil rights and labor leader Cesar Chavez is displayed in the Oval Office of the White House, Jan. 28, 2021, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, File) In her White House role, Rodriguez and her staff helped state, local and tribal governments, and Puerto Rico and the other U.S. territories, with their federal government needs. That included combating COVID-19 and distributing aid from the $1.9 trillion in Biden’s coronavirus relief plan. She has emerged as one of Biden’s most trusted advisers, nurturing relationships with state and local officials that aides believe will be helpful throughout the campaign. She also has developed a close working relationship with Biden’s coterie of senior political advisers, including Anita Dunn and deputy chief of staff Jen O’Malley Dillon, who are set to help steer Biden’s reelection effort from the White House. ### Quentin Fulks, deputy campaign manager ![](\\" Quentin Fulks, who managed Sen. Raphael Warnock\'s re-election campaign in 2022, stands for a portrait outside the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Thursday, Feb. 2, 2023, in Cambridge, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa) Fulks, a 33-year-old Ellaville, Georgia, native, is no stranger to major campaigns. He most recently managed the successful and historically expensive reelection campaign for Georgia Sen. Raphael Warnock, and previously worked as senior political adviser and campaign manager for Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker. Fulks attended Georgia Southwestern State University before landing an internship in Rep. Steny Hoyer’s office, the Maryland Democrat who served as House Majority Leader. He also worked for the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, Emily’s List, which backs female Democratic candidates, Priorities USA, a Democratic super PAC, before joining Pritzker’s campaign, which saw the Illinois statehouse flip from Republican to Democrat. He’s also a politics fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School. Fulks told The Associated Press last month about the Warnock campaign’s strategy of building connections outside of Atlanta, a Democratic stronghold, with Republican-leaning voters throughout the state of Georgia. “In a tough environment, we chose to communicate with those voters,” Fulks told the AP of the 2022 campaign. “And it set us apart, quite frankly, from the Democratic slate and even from President Biden.” ### Rep. Jim Clyburn, D-S.C., campaign co-chair ![](\\" AP Photo It wouldn’t be too much of a stretch to say that without Clyburn, Biden’s 2024 campaign wouldn’t exist. In February of 2020, Biden’s campaign was on life support after disappointing finishes in Iowa, New Hampshire and Nevada. But Clyburn’s endorsement of the former vice president ahead of the South Carolina primary gave his floundering campaign a major boost to the Democratic nomination. Clyburn, 82, has represented South Carolina in the House of Representatives since 1993 and is considered a power broker in the Palmetto State. He’s hosted a fish fry in the state for three decades that has become a must-attend event for Democratic hopefuls. In an interview with MSNBC on Tuesday, Clyburn called Biden’s 2024 campaign an opportunity to continue advancing his agenda. “Look, I think that we have a tremendous opportunity now to continue what I call the ‘course correction,’” Clyburn said on MSNBC’s “Morning Joe” following Biden’s announcement. “I do believe that Joe Biden feels very strongly that our country got off track in our pursuit of a more perfect union, and that he is dedicated to the proposition hat we are back on track and we should continue moving forward.” “I don’t believe this is about stopping [former President Donald] Trump, this is about continuing our pursuit of a more perfect union, and I’m glad to be a part of it,” he added. ### Jeffrey Katzenberg, campaign co-chair ![](\\" President Barack Obama awards the 2013 National Medal of Arts to Jeffrey Katzenberg, director and CEO of DreamWorks, Beverly Hills, Calif., during a ceremony in the East Room at the White House in Washington, Monday, July 28, 2014. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak) The only unelected official on Biden’s list of campaign co-chairs, Katzenberg is a major Democratic donor and influential figure in the party. Katzenberg, born in New York, began his career in film working for Paramount Pictures, working as an assistant to producer David V. Picker and chairman Barry Diller before becoming president of production under then-president Michael Eisner. When Eisner left Paramount to become CEO of The Walt Disney Company, Katzenberg went with him and became chairman of Walt Disney Studios. Under his leadership, the company’s animation division saw a rebirth of critically acclaimed animated films — known colloquially as the “Disney Renaissance” — including “The Little Mermaid,” “Beauty and the Beast,” “Aladdin,” and “The Lion King.” In 1994, Katzenberg founded DreamWorks with fellow Hollywood titans Steven Spielberg and David Geffen. He was credited as a producer on the smash hit “Shrek” and an executive producer on its sequel, “Shrek 2,” and received credits on DreamWorks Animation’s later films, including “Kung Fu Panda” and “How to Train Your Dragon” and their sequels. Katzenberg was a major fundraiser for Barack Obama’s 2008 campaign and supported both Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden’s presidential campaigns. ### Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, campaign co-chair ![](\\" AP Photo Much has changed for Gov. Whitmer since Biden’s last presidential campaign. In October of 2020, one month before the election, the FBI thwarted a plot to kidnap Whitmer and overthrow the state’s government in retaliation for her handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. A little more than two years later, Whitmer won reelection in Michigan by a historic margin and helped flip both chambers of the state’s legislature to Democratic control for the first time in nearly four decades. Since then, Whitmer and Democrats in the legislature have codify abortion rights and passed gun safety legislation. “President [Biden] and Vice President [Harris] have spent their first term fighting for our freedom, democracy, and more rights — not less,” she wrote on Twitter on Tuesday. “But around the country, dangerous extremists are trying to take us backward. We cannot be complacent. It’s time to finish the job.” Whitmer, a rising star in the Democratic Party who has left the door open for a future presidential run of her own, previously served as a co-chair of Biden’s inauguration and was also vice chair of the Democratic National Committee. ### ### Rep. Lisa Blunt Rochester, D-Del., campaign co-chair ![](\\" Rep. Lisa Blunt Rochester, D-Del., greets House Minority Leader-elect Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., on the House floor before Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy addresses Congress during his first trip outside his country since Russia invaded in February, at the Capitol in Washington, Wednesday, Dec. 21, 2022. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite) It wouldn’t be a Biden campaign without representation from his home state of Delaware, and Blunt Rochester is one of two members of Congress from the Blue Hen State announced as a co-chair for the 2024 race. But her home state isn’t the only thing she shares in common with the president: Blunt Rochester was also born in Pennsylvania. While Biden hails from Scranton, Blunt Rochester was born in Philadelphia, a Democratic stronghold that has proven crucial in recent elections. Blunt Rochester worked as an intern for Tom Carper, now one of Delaware’s two U.S. Senators, when he represented the state in the House of Representatives. She later worked for Carper’s administration when he served as the state’s governor before leaving government service in 2004 to become CEO of the Metropolitan Wilmington Urban League. She ran for Delaware’s at-large House district in 2016 and won, becoming the state’s first woman and first Black person to represent the state in Congress. Blunt Rochester previously served as a co-chair during Biden’s 2020 campaign and was on the vetting committee for his running mate. ### Sen. Tammy Duckworth, D-Ill., campaign co-chair ![](\\" AP Photo At an event last week where he signed an executive order about environmental justice, Biden hailed Duckworth as a “war hero” — perhaps underscoring the respect that the president has for the junior senator from Illinois. Duckworth, who has represented Illinois in the U.S. Senate since 2017, served in the U.S. Army as a helicopter pilot and lost both of her legs after her Black Hawk helicopter was attacked by Iraqi insurgents. Despite her injuries, she got a waiver to continue serving in the state’s Army National Guard and retired in 2014 as a lieutenant colonel. Duckworth was elected to Congress in 2012 before she ran for Senate in 2016. She holds a number of historic firsts: She’s the first person born in Thailand and the first Thai American woman to be elected to Congress, the first female double amputee in the Senate and, alongside Kamala Harris, is one of three Asian American women to serve in the upper chamber. “After a first term of historic investments in America and our working families, I\'m ready to send @JoeBiden and @KamalaHarris back to the White House for 4 more years,” she wrote on Twitter on Tuesday. \"Let\'s get to work!” ### Rep. Veronica Escobar, D-Texas, campaign co-chair ![](\\" President Joe Biden shakes hands with Texas Gov. Greg Abbott after Abbott handed him a letter about the border at El Paso International Airport in El Paso Texas, Sunday, Jan. 8, 2023. Rep. Veronica Escobar, D-Texas, second from left, and Rep. Vicente Gonzalez Jr., D-Texas, right, look on. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik) Escobar was elected to Congress in 2018, becoming one of the first Latina congresswomen from Texas alongside fellow Democratic Rep. Sylvia Garcia. Escobar was one of the lawmakers who welcomed President Biden to El Paso, Texas, earlier this year amid criticism that he had not visited the U.S.-Mexico border during his presidency. “We’re in the fight of our lives — for our freedom and our fundamental rights,” she wrote on Twitter. “We need a President who will fight to defend those values and more. I’m proud to endorse @JoeBiden and so honored to join his campaign as national co-chair!” ### Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., campaign co-chair ![](\\" U.S. Sen. Chris Coons, center right, and Sen. Rob Portman, center, talk with people during their visit a distribution center of United States Agency for International Development in Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, Nov. 3, 2022. (AP Photo/Andrew Kravchenko) As stated above, it wouldn’t be a Biden campaign without healthy representation from Delaware. Coons, the junior U.S. Senator from Delaware, holds the seat that the president occupied for more than three decades in the upper chamber of Congress, winning it in a 2010 special election after Biden’s resignation to serve as vice president. (Longtime Biden ally Ted Kaufman briefly held the seat until the special election.) In an interview with CNN on Tuesday following Biden’s announcement, Coons expressed optimism about the upcoming contest. “I think when folks look at President Biden and his strong record, compared to the alternative, they will vote for him,” he told the outlet. “President Trump talked about rebuilding our infrastructure. President Biden has actually gotten it done, passed a record bill to invest in rebuilding our infrastructure, a bipartisan bill,” Coons said. “President Trump talked about cutting prescription drug prices. President Biden has actually gotten it done, signing into law a bill that will reduce prescription drug prices for millions of Americans.” The Associated Press contributed to this report. # You May Also Be Interested In DECISION 2024 ![\\"Republican](\\" 1:57 DECISION 2024 DECISION 2024 ## Decision 2024 updates: Latest updates on the race for the White House Get the latest updates on the 2024 presidential election from the Spectrum News team. 1:57 Washington, D.C.11 hours ago DECISION 2024 ![\\"Democratic](\\" DECISION 2024 DECISION 2024 ## Walz says he\'ll \'own up\' when he misspeaks as the Democratic ticket steps up media interviews Harris and Walz have a media blitz scheduled this week. Nationwide11 hours ago DECISION 2024 ![\\"Republican](\\" DECISION 2024 DECISION 2024 ## Trump returns to Pennsylvania for a rally at the site of assassination attempt Trump was joined by running mate JD Vance, Elon Musk and others on the grounds of the Butler Farm Show. Pennsylvania1 day ago HURRICANE HELENE ![\\"Democratic](\\" HURRICANE HELENE HURRICANE HELENE ## Harris heads to North Carolina to survey damage from Helene The announcement follows her trip to Georgia earlier this week, where she met with families impacted by the storm and handed out meals. North Carolina1 day ago # LATEST NEWS * Spectrum News * CONTACT * ABOUT * RSS * FAQ * SITEMAP * CAREERS * ADVERTISE WITH US * CERTIFICATIONS * TERMS * Your Privacy Rights * California Consumer Privacy Rights * California Consumer Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information * Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information/Opt-Out of Targeted Advertising * * * * © 2024, Charter Communications, all rights reserved. |
Sen Raphael Warnock voted for welfare for politicians plan Up to 25 million of government money for Warnock’s own political campaign | 3,306 | # ## Verifying you are human. This may take a few seconds. needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding. Verification successful Waiting for to respond... Ray ID: 8cec90ef3ddb5489 Performance & security by Cloudflare |
In 1964 Queen Elizabeth and her husband visited Kamploops Canada and had a picnic with children from a school These children subsequently disappeared and were never found alive | 3,307 | ..What are the circumstances surrounding the alleged disappearance of 10 aboriginal children from Kamloops BC connected to Queen Elizabeth in 1964? All related (40) Sort Recommended ![\\"Profile](\\"//qsf.fs.quoracdn.net/-4-ans_frontend_assets.images.poe.multibot_app_icon_small.png-26-19d3ce9935f40287.png\\") Assistant Bot · Aug 18 The alleged disappearance of 10 Indigenous children from Kamloops, British Columbia, in 1964 is tied to broader concerns regarding the treatment of Indigenous peoples in Canada, particularly in relation to residential schools. The incident gained attention due to claims that these children vanished while under the care of the Kamloops Indian Residential School, which was operated by the Catholic Church and funded by the Canadian government. While there are various accounts and theories surrounding the circumstances of their disappearance, it is essential to note that the historical context incl Continue Reading The alleged disappearance of 10 Indigenous children from Kamloops, British Columbia, in 1964 is tied to broader concerns regarding the treatment of Indigenous peoples in Canada, particularly in relation to residential schools. The incident gained attention due to claims that these children vanished while under the care of the Kamloops Indian Residential School, which was operated by the Catholic Church and funded by the Canadian government. While there are various accounts and theories surrounding the circumstances of their disappearance, it is essential to note that the historical context includes a legacy of trauma, abuse, and neglect experienced by Indigenous children in residential schools. Many children were forcibly removed from their families, and the schools were often sites of harsh treatment. The connection to Queen Elizabeth II arises from her role as the monarch during this period, as well as the broader implications of her government’s policies on Indigenous affairs. However, there is no direct evidence linking her to the specific incident of the 10 children. The focus on this case has often been part of a larger discourse on reconciliation and the need to address the historical injustices faced by Indigenous communities in Canada. In recent years, the discovery of unmarked graves at former residential school sites, including Kamloops, has intensified scrutiny of these institutions and their impact on Indigenous populations, leading to calls for accountability and healing. Upvote · ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-391042294-50-gjkvsqroedidtdhoviaonsqldixuljbj.jpeg\\") Joe Reaves Lives in Yorkshire, UK · Author has 2.2K answers and 1.8M answer views · 4y Originally Answered: What are the circumstances surrounding the disappearance of 10 aboriginal children from Kamloops BC connected to Queen Elizabeth in 1964? · Whether the children ever even existed is debateable. Regardless the Queen was on an official visit to the EASTERN part of Canada. Her itinerary is easily available. British Columbia is the most WESTERN province of Canada. Even by plane it would have taken most of a day to fly out to BC, drive to Kamloops, kidnap some children, drive back to the airport and then fly back to wherever she was supposed to be. Even if you assume the Canadian government and both the British and Canadian protection officers were all in on this conspiracy, I think the press *might* have noticed if the Queen suddenly Continue Reading Whether the children ever even existed is debateable. Regardless the Queen was on an official visit to the EASTERN part of Canada. Her itinerary is easily available. British Columbia is the most WESTERN province of Canada. Even by plane it would have taken most of a day to fly out to BC, drive to Kamloops, kidnap some children, drive back to the airport and then fly back to wherever she was supposed to be. Even if you assume the Canadian government and both the British and Canadian protection officers were all in on this conspiracy, I think the press *might* have noticed if the Queen suddenly vanished for an entire day in the middle of a fairly brief state visit. Upvote · 9922 97 Sponsored by Amazon Web Services (AWS) Build, deploy, and run data-warehousing solutions in the cloud. AWS enables you to deploy a data warehouse in minutes. Get started for free. Sign Up 9922 ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-391042294-50-gjkvsqroedidtdhoviaonsqldixuljbj.jpeg\\") Joe Reaves Long time true crime junkie · Author has 2.2K answers and 1.8M answer views · 4y Originally Answered: Did Queen Elizabeth along with her husband kidnap 10 Canadian native children from orphanage never to return them in 1964? · No. Stop reading stupid conspiracy theories. The way indigenous children were treated in Canada (and the US) especially at the residential schools is horrific but it is insulting to all the real victims to spread silly fictional stories about those atrocities. It’s like making up lies about Holocaust victims and anyone who does so should be ashamed of themselves. Apart from anything else Her Majesty was only in a Canada for a week in 1964 and she never went any further west than Ontario, which if you take five seconds to look at a map you will see if four provinces and more than half the width o Continue Reading No. Stop reading stupid conspiracy theories. The way indigenous children were treated in Canada (and the US) especially at the residential schools is horrific but it is insulting to all the real victims to spread silly fictional stories about those atrocities. It’s like making up lies about Holocaust victims and anyone who does so should be ashamed of themselves. Apart from anything else Her Majesty was only in a Canada for a week in 1964 and she never went any further west than Ontario, which if you take five seconds to look at a map you will see if four provinces and more than half the width of the country away from British Columbia where this kidnapping was supposed to have happened. How exactly, during her week of planned engagements, do you think she nipped around 4000km west without anyone noticing (it’s about a 43 hour drive btw she couldn’t possibly have flown without too many witnesses) kidnapped 10 children and then nipped another 4000km back east? If you want to get upset about something get upset about the actual decades of abuse and attempted cultural genocide and stop trying listening to insane bullshit conspiracies. Upvote · 9931 92 Related questions More answers below Is the rumour that Queen Elizabeth kidnapped children in 1964 true? Are all of Queen Elizabeth\'s children still alive? Did Queen Elizabeth II participate in the killings of First Nations children at a residential school during her visit to Canada? How has the public treated Elizabeth\'s children? British Royal Family: Why is Elizabeth II of Britain not Elizabeth I as Elizabeth I was Queen of England and not Britain? ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-148526977-50-jwsvywnelxplwbmnyuvsqfclzsylzofx.jpeg\\") Matthew Griffiths Lives in London · Author has 1.9K answers and 1.5M answer views · 4y Originally Answered: Did Queen Elizabeth along with her husband kidnap 10 Canadian native children from orphanage never to return them in 1964? · Absolutely. She does this all the time. Buckingham Palace is full of thousands of children kidnapped from all over the world. This is absolutely top secret so I am sharing it only with you on this totally private Quora platform which cannot be seen by anyone else in the world other than you. Remember, tell no one, other wise people will think that you are either stupid or given to asking silly questions. It’s a good thing that you didn’t ask this question where anyone else could see it. Your response is private Was this worth your time? This helps us sort answers on the page. Absolutely not Definitely yes Upvote · 98 92 Related questions Is the rumour that Queen Elizabeth kidnapped children in 1964 true? Are all of Queen Elizabeth\'s children still alive? Did Queen Elizabeth II participate in the killings of First Nations children at a residential school during her visit to Canada? How has the public treated Elizabeth\'s children? British Royal Family: Why is Elizabeth II of Britain not Elizabeth I as Elizabeth I was Queen of England and not Britain? What are peculiar facts about all of Queen Elizabeth’s children? How old was Queen Elizabeth II in 1964? Are Queen Elizabeth\'s children all retarded? What would happen if somebody kidnapped Queen Elizabeth II? Can Queen Elizabeth summon a commoner to visit her? If not, is it against the law to decline her invitation? Is Queen Elizabeth II beautiful? What are the ages of Queen Elizabeth\'s children? How is Queen Elizabeth II related to Queen Elizabeth I? How did Jackie O allegedly upset Queen Elizabeth? Did Queen Elizabeth II have any regrets about abdicating the throne? Related questions Is the rumour that Queen Elizabeth kidnapped children in 1964 true? Are all of Queen Elizabeth\'s children still alive? Did Queen Elizabeth II participate in the killings of First Nations children at a residential school during her visit to Canada? How has the public treated Elizabeth\'s children? British Royal Family: Why is Elizabeth II of Britain not Elizabeth I as Elizabeth I was Queen of England and not Britain? What are peculiar facts about all of Queen Elizabeth’s children? Advertisement About · Careers · Privacy · Terms · Contact · Languages · Your Ad Choices · Press · © Quora, Inc. 2024 ![](\\" delivery.net/px.gif?ch=2\\")![](\\" delivery.net/px.gif?ch=1&e=0.48027564983254933\\")![](\\" delivery.net/px.gif?ch=2\\")![](\\" delivery.net/px.gif?ch=1&e=0.5446145660012705\\") |
In 1964 Queen Elizabeth and her husband visited Kamploops Canada and had a picnic with children from a school These children subsequently disappeared and were never found alive | 3,307 | ..Did Queen Elizabeth II participate in the killings of First Nations children at a residential school during her visit to Canada? All related (39) Sort Recommended ![\\"Profile](\\"//qsf.fs.quoracdn.net/-4-ans_frontend_assets.images.poe.multibot_app_icon_small.png-26-19d3ce9935f40287.png\\") Assistant Bot · Aug 18 No, Queen Elizabeth II did not participate in the killings of First Nations children at residential schools during her visit to Canada or at any other time. The residential school system in Canada, which operated for over a century, was a government policy aimed at assimilating Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. This system has been widely criticized for its severe abuses, including neglect, physical and emotional abuse, and high mortality rates among children. While the monarchy has historically played a role in Canadian governance, the responsibility for the residential school s Continue Reading No, Queen Elizabeth II did not participate in the killings of First Nations children at residential schools during her visit to Canada or at any other time. The residential school system in Canada, which operated for over a century, was a government policy aimed at assimilating Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. This system has been widely criticized for its severe abuses, including neglect, physical and emotional abuse, and high mortality rates among children. While the monarchy has historically played a role in Canadian governance, the responsibility for the residential school system lies primarily with the Canadian government and church organizations that operated these institutions. Queen Elizabeth II, as a constitutional monarch, did not have a direct role in the policies or operations of these schools. In recent years, there has been increased awareness and acknowledgment of the harms caused by the residential school system, including calls for reconciliation and justice for Indigenous communities. Upvote · ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-840273-50-nKnwGGv2A5BNadlFEpT7juG3cRSqS86B.jpeg\\") Mark Harrison Lived here since 1970 · Author has 32.8K answers and 169.1M answer views · 1y Did you participate in that killing? Look, there appears to be this idea that the Head of anything must be intimately aware of everything that goes on in whatever they are head of. People seem to cling to this idea, but also cling to the idea that their own boss is a clueless moron. Are you still alive? If the British monarchy were really as heartless and evil as you suggest, they would have the willi Continue Reading Did you participate in that killing? Look, there appears to be this idea that the Head of anything must be intimately aware of everything that goes on in whatever they are head of. People seem to cling to this idea, but also cling to the idea that their own boss is a clueless moron. Are you still alive? If the British monarchy were really as heartless and evil as you suggest, they would have the willingness and ability to se... Upvote · 99 91 Sponsored by Amazon Web Services (AWS) Build, deploy, and run data-warehousing solutions in the cloud. AWS enables you to deploy a data warehouse in minutes. Get started for free. Sign Up 9922 ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-425077367-50-yxjlyihjkddasxscwswogtcbjusdgsvw.jpeg\\") Samuel Brensasser Former Owner/Founder (1999–2013) · Author has 221 answers and 997.7K answer views · 1y What is it you think happened at rez schools? Like it wasn’t Auschwitz. Kids died of disease, malnutrition etc as did a lot of the pollution in the late 1800’s early 1900’s. Contrary to the media pot stirring and indigenous endless pity party organizers it wasn’t a conscious genocide or malicious effort to exterminate indigenous people. Did it suck in hind sight? Yes. Did horrible things happen? Yes, were those things worse than anything catholic schools were doing to white kids in boarding schools (yes, catholic boarding schools were, and still are, common). Was my grandpa in the 20’s and my d Continue Reading What is it you think happened at rez schools? Like it wasn’t Auschwitz. Kids died of disease, malnutrition etc as did a lot of the pollution in the late 1800’s early 1900’s. Contrary to the media pot stirring and indigenous endless pity party organizers it wasn’t a conscious genocide or malicious effort to exterminate indigenous people. Did it suck in hind sight? Yes. Did horrible things happen? Yes, were those things worse than anything catholic schools were doing to white kids in boarding schools (yes, catholic boarding schools were, and still are, common). Was my grandpa in the 20’s and my dad in the 50’s getting similar horrible corporal punishment’s at home and in schools back then….Yes. Unfortunately for you, and all the people looking for an exciting story….children were not rounded up and murdered. The Queen didn’t visit schools to murder kids either. Upvote · 96 Related questions More answers below How much validity is there to the claims by some that Queen Elizabeth II “kidnapped Canadian indigenous children”? What did Queen Victoria and Elizabeth do to the indigenous people in Canada? What are the circumstances surrounding the alleged disappearance of 10 aboriginal children from Kamloops BC connected to Queen Elizabeth in 1964? What years did Queen Elizabeth visit Canada? When did Queen Elizabeth II last visit Canada? ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-686825607-50-umlofrdjjvmjuxstutwqxunqoiveygas.jpeg\\") Albert Hall Former Civil Servant Food Hygienist at Local Government in the UK (1975–2004) · Author has 6.4K answers and 2.7M answer views · Jul 11 YES<< Though ELIZABETH [then PrINCESS ELIZABETH] purportedley joined the UK’s AUXILLIARY TRABNSPORT SERVICE as a MECHANIC /DRIVER during WW” in reality she was being trained to LEAD the ROYAL ASSASSINATION and INTERROGATION REGIMENT of the [ROYAL] HOUSEHOLD GUARD DIVISION and as such was require throughout her life to regularly Up-Date her hand-to- hand and BLADE WEAPONS killing skills.. Her visit to CANADA provided the ideal opportunity out of sight of the inquisitive UK Media so she ORDERED the CANADIAN Government to round up some NATIVE CANADAN CHILDREN for as it were TARGET PRACTICE. Of co Continue Reading YES<< Though ELIZABETH [then PrINCESS ELIZABETH] purportedley joined the UK’s AUXILLIARY TRABNSPORT SERVICE as a MECHANIC /DRIVER during WW” in reality she was being trained to LEAD the ROYAL ASSASSINATION and INTERROGATION REGIMENT of the [ROYAL] HOUSEHOLD GUARD DIVISION and as such was require throughout her life to regularly Up-Date her hand-to- hand and BLADE WEAPONS killing skills.. Her visit to CANADA provided the ideal opportunity out of sight of the inquisitive UK Media so she ORDERED the CANADIAN Government to round up some NATIVE CANADAN CHILDREN for as it were TARGET PRACTICE. Of course the US Authorities who arrange the same kind of exercise for hundreds of US CITIZENS offered their servics but ELIZABETH. probably correctly, decided to keep it in-house as it were. But you should be aware that YOU are now on what is known as the LIZZY-LIST for extermination for releasingb this information . It will not be ELIZABETH herself that comes after you - it will be one of her TRIPLE CROSS [or XXX] operatives, aka the ‘DEVIL’S TOOTH PULLERS’’[ a rather mild description as it happens] who do the business. Upvote · 91 91 Related questions How much validity is there to the claims by some that Queen Elizabeth II “kidnapped Canadian indigenous children”? What did Queen Victoria and Elizabeth do to the indigenous people in Canada? What are the circumstances surrounding the alleged disappearance of 10 aboriginal children from Kamloops BC connected to Queen Elizabeth in 1964? What years did Queen Elizabeth visit Canada? When did Queen Elizabeth II last visit Canada? How is Queen Elizabeth II related to Queen Elizabeth I? Has anybody tried to kill Queen Elizabeth II? Can Queen Elizabeth order the Canadian military? Has Prince Andrew visited Queen Elizabeth II recently? How many times has Queen Elizabeth II visited Orkney? Can Queen Elizabeth II travel to Canada without a passport? When did Queen Elizabeth II last visit Australia? Has Queen Elizabeth II visited India in recent times? When did Queen Elizabeth II last visit New Zealand? Was Queen Elizabeth II retarded? Related questions How much validity is there to the claims by some that Queen Elizabeth II “kidnapped Canadian indigenous children”? What did Queen Victoria and Elizabeth do to the indigenous people in Canada? What are the circumstances surrounding the alleged disappearance of 10 aboriginal children from Kamloops BC connected to Queen Elizabeth in 1964? What years did Queen Elizabeth visit Canada? When did Queen Elizabeth II last visit Canada? How is Queen Elizabeth II related to Queen Elizabeth I? Advertisement About · Careers · Privacy · Terms · Contact · Languages · Your Ad Choices · Press · © Quora, Inc. 2024 |
In 1964 Queen Elizabeth and her husband visited Kamploops Canada and had a picnic with children from a school These children subsequently disappeared and were never found alive | 3,307 | ..How much validity is there to the claims by some that Queen Elizabeth II “kidnapped Canadian indigenous children”? All related (38) Sort Recommended ![\\"Profile](\\" Michael Robson lives in Quebec, Canada · Author has 3.9K answers and 2.2M answer views · 1y No validity whatsoever. The claim is utter nonsense and anyone who makes or repeats it is either deliberately being a troublemaker or doesn’t understand government language. In Canada and in other countries (such as the U.K.) that have similar systems of governance, actions undertaken by the government are spoken of as being done by “the Crown.” This does not mean that the current monarch was directly involved in said action or even aware of it (especially if it was being carried out under a long-established and accepted policy). This is a holdover from the days when the monarch did actually co Continue Reading No validity whatsoever. The claim is utter nonsense and anyone who makes or repeats it is either deliberately being a troublemaker or doesn’t understand government language. In Canada and in other countries (such as the U.K.) that have similar systems of governance, actions undertaken by the government are spoken of as being done by “the Crown.” This does not mean that the current monarch was directly involved in said action or even aware of it (especially if it was being carried out under a long-established and accepted policy). This is a holdover from the days when the monarch did actually control government policy and actions. As elected officials took over more and more of that responsibility, they continued to act in the name of the Crown but the monarch had increasingly less role in the decision-making. This is especially true in the Commonwealth realms that are not the U.K. In Britain, the monarch sees all policy documents and papers and meets regularly with the prime minister to discuss what the government is doing. In Canada and the other non-U.K. realms, these functions are taken over, at the national level, by Governor General. (I’m not sure whether the GG sees all cabinet documents or not.) The Governor General does write to the monarch regularly about what is happening in the country concerned but, although I have, of course, never seen one of these letters, I am sure they are nowhere near as detailed as the information that the monarch receives daily from the British government. The Governor General of the day might very well have reported to Queen Victoria about the Canadian government’s indigenous residential schools policy but, until it became a major controversy in the 1990s, there would have been no reason for it to be mentioned in reports sent to Queen Elizabeth II. The Canadian government did have a policy, which began in the 19th century, of removing indigenous children from their families and sending them to residential schools where they would learn the “white” culture and, it was intended, forget their own. The last of these schools only closed in 1996. We now know that, in many of the schools, children were horribly abused, both physically and sexually. We are just now beginning to discover the numbers who died at these schools and whose deaths were, in many cases, hidden. It was a terrible policy and has caused, and continues to cause, untold damage to countless human beings, including many children born since the policy ended but whose parents still bear the scars of their experience. No excuse can justify it but it was not the responsibility of the individuals who have been Canada’s monarchs during the time it was in effect. It was a policy of the Canadian government and carried out by subsequent governments and agents who acted on their behalf. These were spoken of as being officers of the Crown, but that simply means that they were acting for the government. Even if any of the monarchs were aware of the policy and the actions being carried out as a result, none of them would have had the authority to order a change. Upvote · 93 91 Sponsored by Amazon Web Services (AWS) Looking to build or host your own website? Try AWS for free. Whether you\'re looking to build, host, or create in the cloud, AWS offers free, hands-on experience. Sign Up 999441 Related questions More answers below Did Queen Elizabeth II participate in the killings of First Nations children at a residential school during her visit to Canada? What did Queen Victoria and Elizabeth do to the indigenous people in Canada? What British royal family member hid the darkest secrets? What caused Meghan Markle\'s anger over an inheritance decision involving Prince Charles? Did Meghan receive an inheritance from the royal family after leaving? If so, what was the estimated value in USD? ![\\"Profile](\\" Jaggafeen Jaggafeen Jul 25 yes true and they killed the eye witness, 215 bodies of children where found in a a hidden mass grave at the school. of-england-in-abduction-of-aboriginal-children-dies-suddenly-in-vancouver- hospital/ Upvote · ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-1893139211-50-reaymzbacdnohvyfynficzlvowgmpavy.jpeg\\") G Peterson Lives in Canada (1960–present) · Author has 511 answers and 34K answer views · Aug 13 Originally Answered: Did the Queen abduct native Canadian children? · No. HM Queen Elizabeth II DID NOT abduct native Canadian children. The government of Canada came up with a plan to integrate indigenous children into society, but it was handled in a manner that is nothing short of repulsive. I strongly believe the Queen had no idea what was happening at that time. Upvote · ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-691166338-50-elobhnqjcclfoetklcknphyafdpmwrjq.jpeg\\") Mary Appleton Author has 6.3K answers and 1.9M answer views · 1y None whatsoever. It’s one of those crazy stories that has been repeated enough that people start to think it’s true. She wasn’t where it’s supposed to have happened when it was supposed to have happened, there isn’t any details of who was supposed to have been ‘kidnapped’, and there is no sane reason to imagine that Queen Elizabeth would have wanted to do such a thing, anyway. Upvote · 91 Sponsored by Mutual of Omaha Have Medicare questions? We have answers. Use our free Advice Center to get answers to your questions and find the right Medicare plan for you. Learn More 9918 Related questions Did Queen Elizabeth II participate in the killings of First Nations children at a residential school during her visit to Canada? What did Queen Victoria and Elizabeth do to the indigenous people in Canada? What British royal family member hid the darkest secrets? What caused Meghan Markle\'s anger over an inheritance decision involving Prince Charles? Did Meghan receive an inheritance from the royal family after leaving? If so, what was the estimated value in USD? How will Meghan and Harry’s children inherit their wealth? Why doesn\'t Meghan have a royal title like Kate does? Will Kate\'s title change after she has children with Prince William? Why did Queen Elizabeth have so much trouble with her children? What would happen if somebody kidnapped Queen Elizabeth II? Are there any known or speculated illegitimate children in the current British Royal Family? What was the situation? How did Meghan Markle react to the news that Charles Spencer had snubbed Prince Harry and granted Prince William the full inheritance of the Diana estate? Does the Queen have custody of all her grandchildren? What did Prince Harry say about spending Diana\'s inheritance? Why was Meghan Markle upset over Princess Charlotte receiving Princess Diana\'s tiara? Why is the UK royal family involved in all the nasty pedophilia scandals, and why was Queen Elizabeth hiding their nasty child abuse? What happened to the many missing kids in Canada? Related questions Did Queen Elizabeth II participate in the killings of First Nations children at a residential school during her visit to Canada? What did Queen Victoria and Elizabeth do to the indigenous people in Canada? What British royal family member hid the darkest secrets? What caused Meghan Markle\'s anger over an inheritance decision involving Prince Charles? Did Meghan receive an inheritance from the royal family after leaving? If so, what was the estimated value in USD? How will Meghan and Harry’s children inherit their wealth? Advertisement About · Careers · Privacy · Terms · Contact · Languages · Your Ad Choices · Press · © Quora, Inc. 2024 |
A post on Facebook claims that an international survey of thousands of doctors rated the antimalaria drug hydroxychloroquine as the best treatment against coronavirus The World Health Organization WHO would wrongly not allow this treatment option to be further investigated | 3,308 | Magazine|He Was a Science Star. Then He Promoted a Questionable Cure for Covid-19. hydroxychloroquine.html * Share full article * 961 You have a preview view of this article while we are checking your access. When we have confirmed access, the full article content will load. ![\\"\\"](\\" Chloroquine-images-06/17mag-Chloroquine- images-06-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale\\") Didier Raoult.Credit...Antoine d\'Agata/Magnum, for The New York TimesSkip to site indexSearch & Section NavigationSection Navigation Feature # He Was a Science Star. Then He Promoted a Questionable Cure for Covid-19. The man behind Trump’s favorite unproven treatment has made a great career assailing orthodoxy. His claim of a 100 percent cure rate shocked scientists around the world. Didier Raoult.Credit...Antoine d\'Agata/Magnum, for The New York Times Supported by SKIP ADVERTISEMENT * Share full article * 961 By Scott Sayare * Published May 12, 2020Updated May 21, 2020 When diagnosing the ills afflicting modern science, an entertainment that, along with the disparagement of his critics and fellow researchers, he counts among his great delights, the eminent French microbiologist Didier Raoult will lightly stroke his beard, lean back in his seat and, with a thin but unmistakable smile, declare the poor patient to be stricken with pride. Raoult, who has achieved international fame since his proposed treatment for Covid-19 was touted as a miracle cure by President Trump, believes that his colleagues fail to see that their ideas are the products of mere intellectual fashions — that they are hypnotized by methodology into believing that they understand what they do not and that they lack the discipline of mind that would permit them to comprehend their error. “Hubris,” Raoult told me recently, at his institute in Marseille, “is the most common thing in the world.” It is a particularly dangerous malady in doctors like him, whose opinions are freighted with the responsibility of life and death. “Someone who doesn’t know is less stupid than someone who wrongly thinks he does,” he said. “Because it is a terrible thing to be wrong.” Raoult, who founded and directs the research hospital known as the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, or IHU, has made a great career assailing orthodoxy, in both word and practice. “There’s nothing I like more than blowing up a theory that’s been so nicely established,” he once said. He has a reputation for bluster but also for a certain creativity. He looks where no one else cares to, with methods no one else is using, and finds things. In just the past 10 years, he has helped identify nearly 500 novel species of human-borne bacteria, about one-fifth of all those named and described. Until recently, he was perhaps best known as the discoverer of the first giant virus, a microbe that, in his opinion, suggests that viruses ought to be considered a fourth and separate domain of living things. The discovery helped win him the Grand Prix Inserm, one of France’s top scientific prizes. It also led him to believe that the tree of life suggested by Darwinian evolution is “entirely false,” he told me, and that Darwin himself “wrote nothing but inanities.” He detests consensus and comity; he believes that science, and life, ought to be a fight. It is in this spirit that, over the objections of his peers, and no doubt because of them, too, he has promoted a combination of hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug, and azithromycin, a common antibiotic, as a remedy for Covid-19. He has taken to declaring, “We know how to cure the disease.” Trump was not the only one eager to embrace this possibility. By the time I arrived in Marseille, some version of Raoult’s treatment regimen had been authorized for testing or use in France, Italy, China, India and numerous other countries. One in every five registered drug trials in the world was testing hydroxychloroquine. In March, Raoult announced that his hospital would test and treat anyone who cared to show up. Crowds gathered at the entrance to the IHU in winding single-file lines, like pilgrims shuffling toward their private audience with the oracle. On March 16, Raoult released the results of a small clinical trial that showed, he said, a 100 percent cure rate. The study has since been widely debated, and Raoult’s boosterism has been lamented by scientists and health officials around the world; in a comment more or less representative of the tenor of the controversy in France, where Raoult’s name and image have now been everywhere for weeks, one detractor, a generally thoughtful politician, suggested that Raoult “shut his face and be a doctor” and that he “stop saying ‘I’m a genius’ all over the place.” His colleagues liken his psychology to that of Napoleon, though he is not physically small. When asked by one journalist about his tendency to “swim against the current” of scientific thought, Raoult responded: “I’m not an ‘outsider.’ I’m the one who’s farthest out in front.” Axel Kahn, a geneticist and physician who has known Raoult for nearly 40 years, told me that he has always been this way. “One of Professor Raoult’s abiding characteristics is that he knows that he’s very good,” Kahn told me. “But he considers everyone else to be worthless. And he always has. It’s not a recent development.” At his home, alongside a collection of Roman busts, he is said to keep a marble statue of himself. Raoult, who is 68, is a sturdily built but fine-featured man, with high cheekbones and a tight, contemptuous mouth. In recent years, he has hidden these behind a straggly white mustache and goatee and has grown his flaxen hair down to his shoulders. On his right pinkie he now wears a silver skull. In internet memes, he has been depicted as the wizard Gandalf and as a druid; except for his white lab coat, he has the general aspect of a fortuneteller who rides a Harley to work. The French journalist Hervé Vaudoit, who has written admiringly about Raoult over the years, once asked him why he’d taken to dressing this way. Raoult replied, “Because it pisses them off.” Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times. Thank you for your patience while we verify access. Already a subscriber? Log in. Want all of The Times? Subscribe. Advertisement SKIP ADVERTISEMENT ## Site Index ## Site Information Navigation * © 2024 The New York Times Company * NYTCo * Contact Us * Accessibility * Work with us * Advertise * T Brand Studio * Your Ad Choices * Privacy Policy * Terms of Service * Terms of Sale * Site Map * Canada * International * Help * Subscriptions |
A post on Facebook claims that an international survey of thousands of doctors rated the antimalaria drug hydroxychloroquine as the best treatment against coronavirus The World Health Organization WHO would wrongly not allow this treatment option to be further investigated | 3,308 | ## We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies. OK, I agree No, thanks More info![\\"Reuters](\\" ![\\"Reuters](\\" ![](\\" ![](\\" close.svg\\"/) ![](\\"/themes/custom/reuters/images/icons/search-blue.svg\\"/) ![](\\"/themes/custom/reuters/images/icons/close.svg\\"/) * Home * Reporting ## Reporting * Our long reads * RISJ in the News * Our podcast * Research ## Research * All research * Digital News Project * Trust in News Project * Changing Newsrooms * Fellowships ## Fellowships * Our programme * Journalist Fellows * How to apply * Journalist Fellows\' Papers * Our reading list on journalism * Leadership ## Leadership * Our programmes * How to reshape our newsrooms * Our Authentic Leadership podcast series * Events ## Events * Our seminar series * Our research webinars * Digital News Report launch events * Reuters Memorial Lecture * Digital Deep Dives * About ## About * What we do * People * Our funders * Annual Reports * Job vacancies * Privacy Policy * Our governance ## Main Navigation Second Row * Digital News Report ## Digital News Report * Executive summary * Interactive * Country data * Lee en español * Trends and Predictions * Our Climate Network ## Our Climate Network * Our network * Applications * Our members * Advisory Board * Global South Climate Database * Essay series * AI and the Future of News Search Search by topicAI and journalismAudience EngagementBusiness of newsClimate journalismConflict ReportingCOVID-19Data JournalismInvestigative JournalismIsrael-Gaza warJournalism and electionsJournalism beatsJournalism in exileJournalists at workLocal NewsMedia regulationMental HealthMisinformationNews AvoidanceNews podcastsNewsroom DiversityNewsroom LeadershipPlatforms and social mediaPolarisationPress FreedomPublic Service MediaSolutions JournalismTrust In NewsWar in UkraineWorkplace conditions Search by countryAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBritish Virgin IslandsBulgariaBurkina FasoCambodiaCameroonCanadaChileChinaColombiaCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDemocratic Republic of CongoDenmarkDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGuatemalaHaitiHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJapanJordanKashmirKazakhstanKenyaKoreaKyrgyzstanLatviaLebanonLesothoLithuaniaLuxembourgMalaysiaMaltaMexicoMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMyanmarNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorthern MacedoniaNorwayPakistanPalestinePanamaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRussiaSamoaSerbiaSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainSudanSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayVenezuelaVietnamYemenZambiaZimbabwe Filter by datePast yearPast three yearsPast five years #### Try searching for * Misinformation * Subscriptions * Fact-checking * Leadership Search Search by topicAI and journalismAudience EngagementBusiness of newsClimate journalismConflict ReportingCOVID-19Data JournalismInvestigative JournalismIsrael-Gaza warJournalism and electionsJournalism beatsJournalism in exileJournalists at workLocal NewsMedia regulationMental HealthMisinformationNews AvoidanceNews podcastsNewsroom DiversityNewsroom LeadershipPlatforms and social mediaPolarisationPress FreedomPublic Service MediaSolutions JournalismTrust In NewsWar in UkraineWorkplace conditions Search by countryAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBritish Virgin IslandsBulgariaBurkina FasoCambodiaCameroonCanadaChileChinaColombiaCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDemocratic Republic of CongoDenmarkDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGuatemalaHaitiHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJapanJordanKashmirKazakhstanKenyaKoreaKyrgyzstanLatviaLebanonLesothoLithuaniaLuxembourgMalaysiaMaltaMexicoMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMyanmarNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorthern MacedoniaNorwayPakistanPalestinePanamaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRussiaSamoaSerbiaSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainSudanSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayVenezuelaVietnamYemenZambiaZimbabwe Filter by datePast yearPast three yearsPast five years #### Try searching for * Misinformation * Subscriptions * Fact-checking * Leadership #### In this piece We learn from history that we do not learn from history Scientific misinformation in the COVID-19 pandemic A secret overseas mission One of the biggest retractions in modern history The four horsemen of irreproducibility The story could have ended there Look for “the tipping point” The epilogue ## Breadcrumb 1. Home 2. Research ## Hydroxychloroquine in Australia: a cautionary tale for journalists and scientists ![\\"Photo:](\\"/sites/default/files/2022-08/spanish-flu.jpg\\") _Mask-wearing women hold stretchers near ambulances during the Spanish flu pandemic_ _in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. in October 1918. Photo: Library of Congress handout_ Joanna McCarthy 26th August 2022 #### In this piece We learn from history that we do not learn from history | Scientific misinformation in the COVID-19 pandemic | A secret overseas mission | One of the biggest retractions in modern history | The four horsemen of irreproducibility | The story could have ended there | Look for “the tipping point” | The epilogue In October 1918, the devastating second wave of the influenza pandemic was reaching its peak. Close to 200,000 Americans would die in that month alone. The virus was killing young and healthy people, sometimes within hours of onset. The first infected ship had just arrived in Australian waters. As Australians braced for the virus’ impact, newspapers were flooded with claims of surefire remedies, many of which have been documented by historian Philippa Martyr. “Cures? My goodness me, the vast amount of cures on the market are positively frightening, and everyone has a favourite cure,” wrote a journalist in the _Bendigo Independent_ on 19 October 1918. “Our chemists are driving a brisk trade in patent influenza cures,” another paper reported in Orange, New South Wales. One popular remedy \- despite a lack of evidence it worked - was the antimalarial drug quinine. It was promoted in newspaper ads from Britain to the United States. More than 100 years later, a descendant of quinine would play its own role in the desperate search for a treatment against a new, lethal and poorly understood virus: COVID-19. ### We learn from history that we do not learn from history On 7 January 2020, _The Australian_ newspaper carried the country’s first reports of “an unidentified illness in the central Chinese city of Wuhan”. By the time a global pandemic was declared on 11 March 2020, the virus had taken more than 4,000 people’s lives and been detected in more than 100 countries. In those early months, without any vaccines on the horizon, any cheap and effective treatment was the best hope of averting a global catastrophe. There was good reason to look at drugs that had been in use before, whose side effects were known and whose patents had long expired. Hydroxychloroquine – an advanced, synthetic form of quinine used for decades in the treatment of malaria and autoimmune conditions – was an obvious candidate. As with quinine 100 years earlier, hydroxychloroquine’s potential received wide acclaim in early media reports. It was championed by some doctors and scientists and it led to drug shortages in Australia and beyond. However, despite the initial high hopes of the scientific community, it would ultimately prove to be of little benefit. ![\\"Reuters/George](\\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/pill.jpg\\") The drug hydroxychloroquine is displayed by a pharmacist at the Rock Canyon Pharmacy in Provo, Utah, U.S., May 27, 2020. REUTERS/George Frey The drug also became a _cause célèbre_ in the anti-vaccine protest movements for whom the pandemic represented more sinister forces at work. Central to their worldview was “a deep distrust of science [and] a strong belief in conspiracies,” political sociologist Josh Roose observed. Seen through this lens, hydroxychloroquine was a cheap and effective “cure” being deliberately withheld to protect the vaccine profits of pharmaceutical companies or score points against political opponents. The story of hydroxychloroquine shows the difficulties of reporting on a flood of new and often contradictory scientific studies; the need for sober treatment of claims about “breakthroughs” and “cures”; the potential for fraud, sloppiness and overhype within science itself; the tendency of partisans to interpret science in ways that defend their ideology; the role of public figures in promoting false and misleading information; the acceleration of that misinformation on social media; and the dangers when science is politicised and becomes embroiled in conspiratorial culture wars. It reminds us that the spread of misinformation is not always the work of nefarious actors; that it can inadvertently be reproduced by journalists and editors working in good faith to report science at great speed and under immense pressure, and that this work can have consequences on the decisions people make to protect their health. ### Scientific misinformation in the COVID-19 pandemic The warnings were there early. In March 2020, the co-founders of Retraction Watch, Adam Marcus and Ivan Oransky, wrote in _Wired_ magazine: “Much of the _blitzkrieg_ of science that emerges in the coming days and weeks will turn out to be wrong, at least in part, and that’s not a bad thing.” Without clear communication of uncertainty, the situation was ripe for exploitation by populist politicians and keyboard warriors. In February 2020, early in-vitro and small human trials in China had shown promising results for chloroquine and its derivative, hydroxychloroquine, against COVID-19. French microbiologist Didier Raoult, a respected infectious diseases specialist with a reputation as a contrarian, was greatly enthused by these studies. ![\\"REUTERS/Gonzalo](\\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/french.jpg\\") French medicine professor Didier Raoult, arrives to attend a hearing at the National Assembly in Paris, France, June 24, 2020. REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes In late February he appeared in a YouTube video titled _Coronavirus: Game Over!_ , declaring: “This is probably the easiest respiratory infection to treat of all. The only thing I’ll tell you is, be careful: soon the pharmacies won’t have any chloroquine left.” Raoult’s research hospital soon launched its own clinical trial. So promising were its initial findings that Raoult halted the trial after just six days so the outcomes could be shared. The study, published in the _International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents_ on 20 March, reported that all six patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and the antibiotic azithromycin were “virologically cured”. Despite the limitations of the study, notably its small size, the findings hit the mainstream media in a blaze of publicity. Raoult authorised New York lawyer Gregory Rigano to promote the study’s findings before they were published. “We have a strong reason to believe that a preventative dose of hydroxychloroquine is going to prevent the virus from attaching to the body, and just get rid of it completely,” Rigano told Fox News host Laura Ingraham on 16 March. Two days later, Ragano appeared on Fox News again. “What we\'re here to announce is the second cure to a virus of all time,” he told host Tucker Carlson, describing the paper as “a well-controlled, peer-reviewed study that showed a 100% cure rate against coronavirus.” A few days later, President Donald Trump tweeted that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin “have a real chance to be one of the biggest game changers in the history of medicine”. According to the United Kingdom’s Science Media Centre, one of the core principles of medical reporting is: “Don’t call something a ‘cure’ that is not a cure”. The “best available” evidence for hydroxychloroquine suggested that journalists needed to treat Raoult’s findings with caution. Meanwhile, in San Francisco, a microbiologist who had made her name fighting scientific fraud had spotted a number of irregularities in Raoult’s paper. Posting on her blog on 24 March, Elisabeth Bik noted that peer review appeared to have taken no more than a day; the control and treatment group had significant differences; and the study was not randomised. Most concerningly, six of the study’s initial 26 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine had dropped out of the study and so were not counted in its results. Two of those six had been transferred to intensive care, one had died and one had stopped taking the medication due to nausea: “So four of the 26 treated patients were actually not recovering at all,” Bik wrote. In this context, Raoult’s “game over” results were looking much shakier. On 3 April, the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy issued a statement that the Raoult study published in its journal “does not meet the Society’s expected standards”. In the meantime, hydroxychloroquine was making a splash in Australia. On 17 March, _news.com.au_ reported that “a team of Australian researchers say they’ve found a cure for the novel coronavirus and hope to have patients enrolled in a nationwide trial by the end of the month.” Professor David Paterson from the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) and University of Queensland was paraphrased saying the two drugs – understood to be an HIV drug and hydroxychloroquine – had “wiped out the virus in test tubes”. One of the drugs, given to some of the first COVID-19 patients in Australia, “had already resulted in ‘disappearance of the virus’ and complete recovery”. Professor Paterson, it continued, said “it wasn’t a stretch to label the drugs ‘a treatment or a cure’.” Professor Paterson appeared on commercial current affairs program _The Project_ that evening to publicise hopes for a clinical trial. Asked whether describing the drug as a “treatment” was the same as calling it “a cure”, he responded: “Absolutely. We know that in the test tubes, and in the patients that have been studied so far, they’re able to recover and have no more evidence of virus in their system.” The next day the University of Queensland issued a press release confirming that the clinical trials would proceed, with dozens of hospitals taking part. Professor Paterson was quoted describing the drugs as a “potential cure for all”. “Secret trial of AIDS, malaria medications ‘cures’ virus,” appeared one headline in _The West Australian_ soon after. Lyndal Byford, head of news and partnerships at the Australian Science Media Centre, was watching the early coverage of hydroxychloroquine with frustration. She’d been working with journalists from the earliest days of the pandemic, helping them sort good science from bad and cut through the hype. Research institutions have a responsibility not to overhype single studies or overstate the strength of the evidence, Byford said. In the case of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin, she recalled drugs being promoted “as cures for COVID at a stage where they had only been tested in petri dishes in labs, and some of them not even in animals”. While not singling out any institution, Byford said she believed there was a direct relationship between these overstated claims and the misinformation that followed. “When you sort of trace it back, why did those drugs in particular become such a focus?” she said. “There were a lot of press releases coming out of very learned institutions and universities making those sorts of claims from scientists and research organisations who probably should have known better.” When science reporting does get it wrong, she said, it’s often because the journalist relied on these press releases without seeking an independent opinion. Amid fierce competition for scarce government and philanthropic funds, she acknowledges there is little incentive for media officers to exercise restraint. Overhyped press releases are a well-documented problem in science: in 2016, researchers analysed more than 500 press releases on biomedical and health- related science issued by peer-reviewed journals. Nearly a quarter of the press releases contained “more direct or explicit advice” than the journal paper and more than a fifth contained “exaggerated causal statements” about correlational research. _Guardian Australia_ ’s medical reporter Melissa Davey was one of those who saw the University of Queensland press release and treated it with caution. “You just know that for there to be a “breakthrough” or a “cure”, it needs to have gone through so many rounds of clinical trials,” she told me. “Your alarm bells should be immediately going off.” Davey was the first Australian journalist to report extensively on scientists’ reservations about hydroxychloroquine. She cited infectious disease experts who warned that it was far from a proven treatment, that it could take several months for conclusive results and that it had been known to cause heart damage and toxicity. “There are good reasons media do not normally report on these clinical trials until they are complete and have undergone peer-review,” she wrote. ### A secret overseas mission Meanwhile, Clive Palmer, mining billionaire, former member of parliament and leader of the populist United Australia Party (UAP), was greatly enthused by the drug’s potential. On 18 March a UAP press release announced he had donated AUS$1 million to the RBWH research fund for hydroxychloroquine trials. ![\\"REUTERS/Olivia](\\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/clive.jpg\\") Australian billionaire Clive Palmer speaking at a news conference to announce his plan to build Titanic II in 2013. REUTERS/Olivia Harris On 23 March he went further, announcing that he would personally fund the acquisition or manufacture of one million courses of hydroxychloroquine to be placed on the national stockpile for free use by the Australian people. The health minister soon accepted the “generous” offer. It was reported that Mr Palmer had “mobilised a $50 million secret overseas mission” and “dispatched 10 people to secret locations across the globe and would bring back the highly sought-after drugs on a private jet.” Within days, Palmer took out a two-page ad in _The Australian_ announcing the move. It used the same language of the earliest media coverage, reporting that hydroxychloroquine and the HIV drug could “wipe out the virus in test tubes” and quoting Professor Paterson that “it was not a stretch to describe the drug as a cure.” Davey reported that the university was “caught off guard” by the ads and had not been consulted about Professor Paterson’s inclusion. She noted that the university had since edited its press release to remove Professor Paterson’s description of the treatments as a “potential cure for all” and to add a clarifying statement. “I have never suggested these drugs be used before a trial establishes their efficacy,” Professor Paterson was quoted in the release. “Unfortunately, my comments have on some occasions been used out of context.” I asked the University of Queensland about their decision to amend the media release. In a statement, it said that in those early months of the pandemic there was “a voracious appetite for news that would provide hope”. The media release was amended because the university was “uncomfortable with the way the story was being reported” and wanted to “prevent misrepresentation”. Hydroxychloroquine had shown promise in lab testing and “there was a clear sense of urgency to understand the virus [and] possible treatments.” Clive Palmer remained bullish about the drug’s prospects. In late April, he placed a three-page advertisement in News Corp newspapers where he announced he had bought 32.9 million doses of the drug. He suggested its use in Australian hospitals was responsible for the country’s low death rate and flattening curve, a claim RMIT ABC Fact Check labelled “baseless.” Despite warnings about the paucity of evidence, headlines in Australian media between March and August 2020 continued to tout hydroxychloroquine as a “cure”: “ _Australia to get virus ‘miracle drug’ soon_ ” (News.com), “ _Scripts for hyped COVID-19 cure restricted_ ” (_Daily Telegraph_), “ _Aussies import Trump\'s virus \'cure\' drug_ ” (_The Canberra Times_), and “ _Virus ‘cure’ imports at record rate”_ (_The Courier Mail_). The overhyped media coverage was indeed capturing public attention. In late March, the federal government was warned that patients who needed the drug for other conditions were missing out amid shortages. On 4 April the ABC reported that it had “been flooded with audience questions about … whether hydroxychloroquine could provide a cure”. By May, more than 6,000 illegally- imported tablets had been seized at the border. Journalists and editors were undoubtedly working in good faith and at great speed as they scrambled to keep audiences informed. But media academics warn that “problematic journalism” – whether the result of poor research or sloppy verification or “sensationalising that exaggerates for effect” – can allow misinformation “to originate in or leak into the real news system”. Much of the misinformation in medical reporting happens when “initial findings” are overhyped and then fail to stand up in subsequent meta-analyses; one study found that journalists rarely inform the public when these initial findings they reported are later overturned. ### One of the biggest retractions in modern history There were also examples of best practice in science journalism among those reporting on early hydroxychloroquine science. These stories looked closely at how research was conducted, evaluated study designs, explained the importance of sample sizes and contextualised new findings within the existing body of research; all hallmarks of best practice. “A large study by the WHO should have more reliable results in the coming months,” ABC’s science writers Tegan Taylor and Ariel Bogle wrote. Nine Newspapers’ science writer Liam Mannix wrote: “Most new drugs that show promise as potential COVID-19 cures will not end up working, scientists caution, and many are toxic.” Lyndal Byford told Mannix that claims about alternative treatments as a “breakthrough” or “the cure for COVID-19” could undermine public trust in science: “There is a fine line between hope and hype.” As the hydroxychloroquine ‘infodemic’ raged, these specialist science reporters showed how news outlets can help combat and even inoculate the audience against misinformation. As Ed Yong, who won a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting on COVID-19, put it: “The best science writers learn that science is not a procession of facts and breakthroughs, but an erratic stumble toward gradually diminished uncertainty.” “Some scientists make the mistake of thinking that journalists are their partners in getting information about science out there, and that’s a misunderstanding,” reflected the _New York Times_ science reporter Apoorva Mandavilli. “Journalists are not scientists’ friends, nor their partners. We’re actually there to hold them accountable.” Misinformation can prosper “in and about science” itself. More than 74,000 papers COVID-19 papers were listed in the biomedical library PubMed in the first year of the pandemic alone. In scientists’ rush to carry out and communicate their research as soon as possible, rigour sometimes became a casualty of speed. The best science reporters played a dual role during this time: explaining and helping their audience build trust in “good science”; while interrogating, uncovering and exposing “bad science” – and even fraud – when it occurred. “It\'s a tight, difficult line to walk as a medical reporter,” Davey told me. “On one hand, you want the general public to trust the science and believe science and rely on good science. On the other hand, you\'re saying, ‘There are people who exploit science out there. There are really prestigious, so- called safe journals that get it wrong.’” Davey urges reporters to be honest and transparent: “You have to go to that extra level [where you] explain to your readers, ‘Here\'s why you can trust these organisations, here’s why they sometimes get it wrong, but here’s why you can still trust this process’,” she said. Davey’s commitment to scrutinising science and holding scientists accountable triggered “one of the biggest retractions in modern history”. On 22 May 2020, _The Lancet_ published a peer-reviewed study based on data from 96,000 patients in 671 hospitals that found an increased rate of death and heart problems in patients treated with the drug. The fallout was immediate: the World Health Organisation and research bodies around the world called a halt to trials of the drug. But in Melbourne, Davey had become aware of some irregularities with the data the study used. She spoke to an epidemiologist who made a “throwaway comment [that] he wasn\'t quite sure how they got [the data].” When she probed further, he said he wasn’t aware of any hospital reporting systems that would have recorded it. Davey made more calls; senior epidemiologists in Victoria and New South Wales told her they didn’t believe the data existed. ‘OK, that’s the story,’ she recalled thinking. As she scoured Twitter and science blogs, she saw other scientists raising questions about their country’s data. “Errors happen all the time,” she told me. “But when data doesn’t add up and you can\'t figure out how it was even achieved, usually it’s a red flag for much bigger problems with the story.” Davey published her findings on 27 May: the death and hospitalisation rates reported by _The_ _Lancet_ , which had been provided by a private “healthcare data analytics” firm, Surgisphere, didn’t match up with the numbers recorded by Johns Hopkins University; and it wasn’t clear how the Australian data was obtained in the first place, given it isn’t publicly available. Davey had contacted seven Australian hospitals; none had provided their data to Surgisphere. _The Lancet_ told her it had asked the authors to provide clarification; one of the co-authors said he was also seeking these answers from Surgisphere with “the utmost urgency”. When Surgisphere refused to provide the full data set for independent audit, the study’s co-authors asked for the study to be retracted, saying they could “no longer vouch for the veracity of the primary data sources”. The prestigious _New England Journal of Medicine_ soon followed suit, retracting a separate COVID-19 paper also based on Surgisphere data. It was the most high-profile but far from the only example of science “getting it wrong” during the pandemic. In a field where career progression depends on getting published and being frequently cited, scientists have strong incentives to deliver dramatic, eye-catching results. As of July 2022, more than 240 COVID-19 scientific papers have been retracted or withdrawn. ### The four horsemen of irreproducibility Journalists need to be aware that a number of shoddy research practices can compromise outcomes. These were famously described by Professor of Neuropsychology Dorothy Bishop as the “four horsemen of irreproducibility”: P-hacking (where only “statistically significant” analyses are reported); HARKing (“hypothesising after results are known”); publication bias (where researchers and journals are less likely to publish studies that show no impact); and low statistical power (for example, where a study has a small sample size). Journalists should also be aware that poor-quality science can also find its way into “predatory journals” which offer “minimal or non-existent” peer review and exist purely to extract publication fees. Exposing examples of scientific misconduct is a fundamental duty of science journalism. The ABC\'s Sophie Scott, for example, chose not to cover the now- retracted _Lancet_ paper linking the MMR vaccine to autism because its problems were apparent early on; instead she worked on a series of stories which highlighted these flaws and refuted the findings. Other times she’s uncovered outright scientific fraud. “I don\'t think it undermines science as a whole,” she said. “It’s an important part of keeping people accountable.” In fact Nisbet and Fahy argue that this work of “knowledge brokers” like Davey and Scott can actually increase public trust in the work of science. Journalists covering COVID-19 also needed to know whether the doctors or scientists they were seeking comment from were recognised experts in their field. The pandemic had seen a flood of “epistemic trespassing” where “thinkers who have competence or expertise to make good judgments in one field” move into an area outside their field of specialisation. In Melbourne, for example, a group of doctors – described as “general practitioners, urologists, psychiatrists and surgeons” – were profiled in local media reports advocating for hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin. Sometimes news organisations face a dilemma covering scientists recognised as specialists but whose views sit outside the mainstream. Retired immunologist Robert Clancy was an advocate for hydroxychloroquine frequently cited by Australian MP Craig Kelly. In February 2021, _Sydney Morning Herald_ published an opinion piece by Clancy touting the drug’s benefits alongside an opinion piece by epidemiologist Catherine Bennett arguing there was insufficient evidence. The effect was to falsely suggest an evenly balanced debate within the scientific community. To address this, the newspaper added a note from Liam Mannix to the op-eds stating that “[t]he evidence shows hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin are not effective in treating or preventing COVID-19.” The University of Newcastle issued a statement that it “does not consider Robert Clancy a subject matter expert on COVID-19.” Sometimes there’s a “grain of truth” in the perspectives of outlier scientists which should be acknowledged, according to science communication expert Professor Sujatha Raman, “but that doesn\'t mean that the overall conclusion they\'re drawing is the one that we should advocate for.” ### The story could have ended there By August 2020, the scientific community’s hopes for hydroxychloroquine had dimmed. The story might have ended there: a matter of clinical judgement by scientists who looked at the best available evidence and found it wanting. Instead, the story was kept alive by a fierce and increasingly bitter public debate that revealed what can happen when belief in science becomes a marker of political identity. The entry of polarising political figures into the hydroxychloroquine debate set the stage for politicisation early on. It led to people “reflexively adopting positions supported by in-party elites and opposing those offered by out-party elites”. A number of conservative newspaper columnists campaigned for Australian health authorities to authorise use of the drug. They often suggested the resistance to the drug was driven by animosity towards President Trump. Hydroxychloroquine was also heavily promoted by commentators on Australia’s Sky News Australia, as documented by ABC’s Media Watch in April 2020, October 2020 and February 2021. In August 2021, YouTube removed Sky News Australia from its platform for seven days for violating its “medical misinformation” policies, saying it didn’t allow content “that encourages people to use hydroxychloroquine or ivermectin to treat or prevent the virus”. In August 2020, another Australian political figure entered the fractious public debate over the drug, this time from within the federal government’s own ranks. Craig Kelly had been a member of parliament since 2010. He had a long record of questioning climate science and his large social media following saw him dubbed “one of Australia\'s most influential politicians on Facebook”. In early August, he posted about hydroxychloroquine on Facebook 18 times over two days: “[C]ontinuing to ban this drug is negligent … Australian lives should not be a risk because of Trump Derangement Syndrome.” The _Daily Telegraph_ reported that Kelly claimed the World Health Organisation had “faked” the now-retracted _Lancet_ study. “There is a special place in hell awaiting those that have been part of the war on hydroxychloroquine for political reasons,” Kelly claimed. “They have the blood of tens of thousands on their hands.” Australia was being “governed by medical bureaucrats that are part of a mad, insane cult,” he told anti-vaccine protestors in Melbourne. Having been counselled by the Prime Minister to heed expert medical advice, he quit the government in February 2021. Six months later, he accepted an offer to become leader of Palmer’s United Australia Party. ### Look for “the tipping point” Journalists and news organisations faced a dilemma about what treatment to give views expressed by politicians such as Craig Kelly which run counter to the best available scientific evidence. Misinformation researchers have long warned about the dangers of amplifying false claims: “Reporting too early gives unnecessary oxygen to rumours or misleading content that might otherwise fade away,” said Claire Wardle from the NGO First Draft News. “Reporting too late means the falsehood takes hold and there’s really nothing to do to stop it.” It’s all the more complicated by the fact many fringe actors actively seek mainstream media attention and celebrate negative coverage as further evidence “they are close to uncovering some deeper truth.” But that calculation changes when a false claim is circulated by a politician or high-profile public figure. “It\'s already way past the tipping point,” First Draft News’ Asia Pacific researcher Stevie Zhang told me. Indeed, there is evidence that “top-down misinformation” shared by politicians, celebrities and other public figures has wide currency; the Reuters Institute surveyed 225 pieces of misinformation early in the pandemic and found misinformation by public figures made up just one fifth of the sample but accounted for more than two thirds of total social media engagement. For this reason, many misinformation researchers urge journalists to do more to integrate fact-checking of public figures into their daily reporting. ### The epilogue There are a few notable postscripts to the story of hydroxychloroquine in Australia. In July 2021, a group of researchers suggested that the media hype surrounding the drug may have distorted Australia’s research priorities. They noted there were six simultaneous trials funded for hydroxychloroquine in the first year of the pandemic and none for public health communication, community transmission prevention or Long COVID symptoms. “Extensive media coverage and public opinion may have influenced prioritisation of interventions that were not particularly promising,\" the authors concluded. In October 2021, one tonne of the hydroxychloroquine purchased by Clive Palmer was destroyed. It had sat unclaimed in a Melbourne warehouse for eight months, the result of a standoff between Palmer’s foundation and the federal government. Palmer continued to tout hydroxychloroquine’s benefits. In February 2022 he contracted COVID-19. Sky News Australia reported his claim a team of US doctors had “fast tracked” him onto drug trials so he could be treated with hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin. The United Australia Party ran an election campaign promising to allow “alternative treatments to COVID-19 (including anti-virals) that have shown extraordinary success where administered in many overseas countries.” Despite the most expensive campaign in Australian history, the party’s primary vote failed to climb above 5% in the May 2022 election. Craig Kelly won fewer than 8% of first preference votes in his seat. By December 2021, the 6% of Australians who were unvaccinated made up half the patients who had been in intensive care over the previous six months. “There are the family members, pressuring doctors to prescribe bogus medicines they have heard about online,” _Guardian Australia_ reported, “‘trying to go toe- to-toe’ over the phone with the registrar, pushing some unproven treatment.” Scientific misinformation had real and tragic effects. Download PDF • 661 KB ↑ ### More on: Related Research ![](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/feature_box/public/2022-07/longcovid_0.jpg.jpeg?itok=3HWSe8Pc\\") Journalist Fellows\' Papers How Long COVID was covered by Norwegian news outlets ![\\"Supplied:](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/feature_box/public/2021-02/bbsm_disinfo_team_0.jpg.jpeg?itok=ItMnqEOq\\") Journalist Fellows\' Papers Is public service media doing enough to tackle misinformation? Download PDF • 661 KB ### More on: #### Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism University of Oxford 13 Norham Gardens Oxford, OX2 6PS United Kingdom Privacy Policy, Accessibility statement #### Get in touch T: +44 (0)1865 611080 E: [email protected] ![](\\" ![](\\" ![](\\" ![](\\" ![](\\" ![](\\" ![](\\" #### With core funding from ![](\\" footer-logo.png\\"/) |
A post on Facebook claims that an international survey of thousands of doctors rated the antimalaria drug hydroxychloroquine as the best treatment against coronavirus The World Health Organization WHO would wrongly not allow this treatment option to be further investigated | 3,308 | ![\\"The](\\"/specs/products/mms-nextgen/mms/releasedAssets/images/other- images/nejm-logo-166667e91992a5212bc723b03e45d39f.svg\\"/) ![\\"Device](\\"/pb-assets/contextual_messaging/device-glbal- header-2x-1515103614157.png\\"/) Subscribe or Renew|Create Account Subscribe Advanced SearchSEARCH ![\\"The](\\"/specs/products/mms-nextgen/mms/releasedAssets/images/other- images/nejm-small-logo-070df7a3f4d8cfa2e71c3c45bb4b172f.svg\\"/) * SPECIALTIES * Cardiology * Clinical Medicine * Emergency Medicine * Endocrinology * Gastroenterology * Hematology/Oncology * Infectious Disease * Nephrology * Neurology/Neurosurgery * Obstetrics/Gynecology * Pediatrics * Pulmonary/Critical Care * View All Specialties * TOPICS * AI in Medicine * Climate Crisis and Health * Coronavirus * Fundamentals of Health Law * Fundamentals of Medical Ethics * Gray Matters * Health Policy * Medicine and Society * Nutrition in Medicine * Race and Medicine * Recognizing Historical Injustices and the Journal * View All Topics * MULTIMEDIA * Podcasts * Double Takes * Illustrated Glossary * Image Challenge * Images in Clinical Medicine * Interactive Medical Cases * Plain Language/Research Summaries * Quick Takes * Videos in Clinical Medicine * View All Multimedia * current issue * CURRENT ISSUE * BROWSE RECENTLY PUBLISHED * BROWSE FULL ISSUE INDEX * LEARNING/CME * Weekly CME * Obesity CME/CE * VIEW ALL LEARNING/CME * AUTHOR CENTER * Publications * NEJM Catalyst * NEJM Evidence * NEJM AI * NEJM Journal Watch|Create Account Subscribe ![\\"Device](\\"/pb-assets/contextual_messaging/device-glbal- header-2x-1515103614157.png\\"/) Subscribe or Renew Save ##### Create an E-mail Alert for This Article Original Article Share on * * * * # Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 Author: The RECOVERY Collaborative Group*Author Info & Affiliations Published October 8, 2020 N Engl J Med 2020;383:2030-2040 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2022926 VOL. 383 NO. 21 ##### Permissions For permission requests, please contact NEJM Reprints at [email protected] * Contents * Abstract * Methods * Results * Discussion * Notes * Supplementary Material * References * * Information & Authors * Metrics & Citations * View Options * References * Media * Tables * Share ## Abstract ### Background Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been proposed as treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) on the basis of in vitro activity and data from uncontrolled studies and small, randomized trials. ### Methods In this randomized, controlled, open-label platform trial comparing a range of possible treatments with usual care in patients hospitalized with Covid-19, we randomly assigned 1561 patients to receive hydroxychloroquine and 3155 to receive usual care. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. ### Results The enrollment of patients in the hydroxychloroquine group was closed on June 5, 2020, after an interim analysis determined that there was a lack of efficacy. Death within 28 days occurred in 421 patients (27.0%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and in 790 (25.0%) in the usual-care group (rate ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.23; P=0.15). Consistent results were seen in all prespecified subgroups of patients. The results suggest that patients in the hydroxychloroquine group were less likely to be discharged from the hospital alive within 28 days than those in the usual-care group (59.6% vs. 62.9%; rate ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.98). Among the patients who were not undergoing mechanical ventilation at baseline, those in the hydroxychloroquine group had a higher frequency of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (30.7% vs. 26.9%; risk ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.27). There was a small numerical excess of cardiac deaths (0.4 percentage points) but no difference in the incidence of new major cardiac arrhythmia among the patients who received hydroxychloroquine. ### Conclusions Among patients hospitalized with Covid-19, those who received hydroxychloroquine did not have a lower incidence of death at 28 days than those who received usual care. (Funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research and others; RECOVERY ISRCTN number, ISRCTN50189673; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04381936.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), emerged in China in late 2019 from a zoonotic source.1 The majority of Covid-19 infections are either asymptomatic or result in only mild disease. However, in a substantial proportion of infected persons, the infection leads to a respiratory illness requiring hospital care,2 which can progress to critical illness with hypoxemic respiratory failure and lead to prolonged ventilatory support.3-6 Among the patients with Covid-19 who have been admitted to hospitals in the United Kingdom, the case fatality rate is approximately 30%.7 Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, two 4-aminoquinoline drugs that were developed more than 70 years ago and have been used to treat malaria and rheumatologic conditions, have been proposed as treatments for Covid-19. Chloroquine has been shown to have in vitro activity against a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and the related SARS-CoV-1.8-13 The exact mechanism of antiviral action is uncertain, but these drugs increase the pH of endosomes that the virus uses for cell entry and also interfere with the glycosylation of angiotensin-converting–enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV, and of associated gangliosides.10,14 The 4-aminoquinoline levels that are required to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro are higher than the free plasma levels that have been observed in the prevention and treatment of malaria.15 These drugs generally have an acceptable side-effect profile and are inexpensive and widely available. After oral administration, they are rapidly absorbed, even in severely ill patients. Therapeutic hydroxychloroquine levels could be expected to be reached in human lung tissue shortly after an initial loading dose. In small preclinical studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals, prophylaxis or treatment with hydroxychloroquine had no beneficial effect on clinical disease or viral replication.16 A clinical benefit and an antiviral effect from the administration of these drugs alone or in combination with azithromycin in patients with Covid-19 have been reported in some observational studies17-21 but not in others.22-24 The results of a few small trials of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for the treatment of Covid-19 have been inconclusive, whereas one larger randomized, controlled trial involving patients who were hospitalized with mild-to-moderate Covid-19 showed that hydroxychloroquine (at a dose of 400 mg twice daily, with or without azithromycin) did not improve clinical status at day 15, as compared with usual care.25-29 Here, as part of the controlled, open-label Randomized Evaluation of Covid-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial, we report the results of a comparison between hydroxychloroquine and usual care involving patients hospitalized with Covid-19. ## Methods ### Trial Design and Oversight The RECOVERY trial is an investigator-initiated platform trial to evaluate the effects of potential treatments in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. The trial is being conducted at 176 hospitals in the United Kingdom. (Details are provided in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.) The investigators were assisted by the National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network, and the trial is coordinated by the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford, the trial sponsor. Although patients are no longer being enrolled in the hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, and lopinavir–ritonavir groups, the trial continues to study the effects of azithromycin, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma, and REGN-COV2 (a combination of two monoclonal antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein). Other treatments may be studied in the future. The hydroxychloroquine that was used in this phase of the trial was supplied by the U.K. National Health Service (NHS). Hospitalized patients were eligible for the trial if they had clinically- suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and no medical history that might, in the opinion of the attending clinician, put patients at substantial risk if they were to participate in the trial. Initially, recruitment was limited to patients who were at least 18 years of age, but the age limit was removed as of May 9, 2020. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients or from a legal representative if they were too unwell or unable to provide consent. The trial was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonisation and was approved by the U.K. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the Cambridge East Research Ethics Committee. The protocol with its statistical analysis plan are available at NEJM.org, with additional information in the Supplementary Appendix and on the trial website at The initial version of the manuscript was drafted by the first and last authors, developed by the writing committee, and approved by all members of the trial steering committee. The funders had no role in the analysis of the data, in the preparation or approval of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The first and last members of the writing committee vouch for the completeness and accuracy of the data and for the fidelity of the trial to the protocol and statistical analysis plan. ### Randomization and Treatment We collected baseline data using a Web-based case-report form that included demographic data, level of respiratory support, major coexisting illnesses, the suitability of the trial treatment for a particular patient, and treatment availability at the trial site. Using a Web-based unstratified randomization method with the concealment of trial group, we assigned patients to receive either the usual standard of care or the usual standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine or one of the other available treatments that were being evaluated. The number of patients who were assigned to receive usual care was twice the number who were assigned to any of the active treatments for which the patient was eligible (e.g., 2:1 ratio in favor of usual care if the patient was eligible for only one active treatment group, 2:1:1 if the patient was eligible for two active treatments, etc.). For some patients, hydroxychloroquine was unavailable at the hospital at the time of enrollment or was considered by the managing physician to be either definitely indicated or definitely contraindicated. Patients with a known prolonged corrected QT interval on electrocardiography were ineligible to receive hydroxychloroquine. (Coadministration with medications that prolong the QT interval was not an absolute contraindication, but attending clinicians were advised to check the QT interval by performing electrocardiography.) These patients were excluded from entry in the randomized comparison between hydroxychloroquine and usual care. In the hydroxychloroquine group, patients received hydroxychloroquine sulfate (in the form of a 200-mg tablet containing a 155-mg base equivalent) in a loading dose of four tablets (total dose, 800 mg) at baseline and at 6 hours, which was followed by two tablets (total dose, 400 mg) starting at 12 hours after the initial dose and then every 12 hours for the next 9 days or until discharge, whichever occurred earlier (see the Supplementary Appendix).15 The assigned treatment was prescribed by the attending clinician. The patients and local trial staff members were aware of the assigned trial groups. ### Procedures A single online follow-up form was to be completed by the local trial staff members when each trial patient was discharged, at 28 days after randomization, or at the time of death, whichever occurred first. Information was recorded regarding the adherence to the assigned treatment, receipt of other treatments for Covid-19, duration of admission, receipt of respiratory support (with duration and type), receipt of renal dialysis or hemofiltration, and vital status (including cause of death). Starting on May 12, 2020, extra information was recorded on the occurrence of new major cardiac arrhythmia. In addition, we obtained routine health care and registry data that included information on vital status (with date and cause of death) and discharge from the hospital. ### Outcome Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 28 days after randomization; further analyses were specified at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were the time until discharge from the hospital and a composite of the initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or death among patients who were not receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of randomization. Decisions to initiate invasive mechanical ventilation were made by the attending clinicians, who were informed by guidance from NHS England and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Subsidiary clinical outcomes included cause- specific mortality (which was recorded in all patients) and major cardiac arrhythmia (which was recorded in a subgroup of patients). All information presented in this report is based on a data cutoff of September 21, 2020. Information regarding the primary outcome is complete for all the trial patients. ### Statistical Analysis For the primary outcome of 28-day mortality, we used the log-rank observed- minus-expected statistic and its variance both to test the null hypothesis of equal survival curves and to calculate the one-step estimate of the average mortality rate ratio in the comparison between the hydroxychloroquine group and the usual-care group. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to show cumulative mortality over the 28-day period. The same methods were used to analyze the time until hospital discharge, with censoring of data on day 29 for patients who had died in the hospital. We used the Kaplan–Meier estimates to calculate the median time until hospital discharge. For the prespecified composite secondary outcome of invasive mechanical ventilation or death within 28 days (among patients who had not been receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at randomization), the precise date of the initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation was not available, so the risk ratio was estimated instead. Estimates of the between-group difference in absolute risk were also calculated. All the analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Prespecified analyses of the primary outcome were performed in six subgroups, as defined by characteristics at randomization: age, sex, race, level of respiratory support, days since symptom onset, and predicted 28-day risk of death. (Details are provided in the Supplementary Appendix.) Estimates of rate and risk ratios are shown with 95% confidence intervals without adjustment for multiple testing. The P value for the assessment of the primary outcome is two-sided. The full database is held by the trial team, which collected the data from the trial sites and performed the analyses, at the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford. The independent data monitoring committee was asked to review unblinded analyses of the trial data and any other information that was considered to be relevant at intervals of approximately 2 weeks. The committee was then charged with determining whether the randomized comparisons in the trial provided evidence with respect to mortality that was strong enough (with a range of uncertainty around the results that was narrow enough) to affect national and global treatment strategies. In such a circumstance, the committee would inform the members of the trial steering committee, who would make the results available to the public and amend the trial accordingly. Unless that happened, the steering committee, investigators, and all others involved in the trial would remain unaware of the interim results until 28 days after the last patient had been randomly assigned to a particular treatment group. On June 4, 2020, in response to a request from the MHRA, the independent data monitoring committee conducted a review of the data and recommended that the chief investigators review the unblinded data for the hydroxychloroquine group. The chief investigators and steering committee members concluded that the data showed no beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. Therefore, the enrollment of patients in the hydroxychloroquine group was closed on June 5, 2020, and the preliminary result for the primary outcome was made public. Investigators were advised that any patients who were receiving hydroxychloroquine as part of the trial should discontinue the treatment. ## Results ### Patients From March 25 to June 5, 2020, a total of 11,197 patients underwent randomization; of these patients, 7513 (67%) were eligible to receive hydroxychloroquine (i.e., the patient had no known indication for or contraindication to hydroxychloroquine, and the drug was available in the hospital at the time) (Figure 1). Of the eligible patients, 1561 were assigned to receive hydroxychloroquine and 3155 were assigned to receive usual care; the remainder of the patients were randomly assigned to one of the other treatment groups. Figure 1 ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/604d3977-607d-4167-9c1b-3bf7950e9e58/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f1.jpg\\") Enrollment and Outcomes in the RECOVERY Trial. The enrollment number that is shown is the total number of patients in the RECOVERY platform trial during the period in which adult patients could be recruited for the comparison between hydroxychloroquine and usual care. Patients could have more than one reason for not participating in the hydroxychloroquine trial. At the time of this analysis, data from the trial follow-up form were available for 1553 of 1561 patients (99.5%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and for 3140 of 3155 patients (99.5%) in the usual- care group. The subgroup of patients who later underwent a second randomization to tocilizumab versus usual care in the RECOVERY trial included 37 of 1561 patients (2.4%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and 89 of 3155 patients (2.8%) in the usual care group. In addition, 6 patients were randomly assigned to receive either convalescent plasma or usual care alone (1 patient [0.1%] in the hydroxychloroquine group and 5 patients [0.2%] in the usual-care group) in accordance with protocol version 6.0. Among the 167 sites at which at least 1 patient was assigned to receive hydroxychloroquine, the median number of patients who underwent randomization was 20 (interquartile range, 11 to 41). The mean (±SD) age of the patients in this trial was 65.4±15.3 years (Table 1 and Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix). A total of 38% of the patients were female; 18% were Black or Asian or had a minority ethnic background. No children were enrolled. A history of diabetes was present in 27% of patients, heart disease in 26%, and chronic lung disease in 22%, with 57% having at least one major coexisting illness that was recorded. In this analysis, 90% of the patients had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the result not known for less than 1%. At randomization, 17% were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 60% were receiving oxygen only (with or without noninvasive ventilation), and 24% were receiving neither. Table 1 ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/20bfe890-91aa-4461-ad75-3516f2305b21/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_t1.jpg\\") Characteristic| Hydroxychloroquine(N=1561)| Usual Care(N=3155) ---|---|--- Age Mean ±SD| 65.2±15.2| 65.4±15.4 Distribution — no. (%) <70 yr| 925 (59.3)| 1873 (59.4) ≥70 to <80 yr| 342 (21.9)| 630 (20.0) ≥80 yr| 294 (18.8)| 652 (20.7) Sex — no. (%) Male| 960 (61.5)| 1974 (62.6) Female†| 601 (38.5)| 1181 (37.4) Race or ethnic group — no. (%)‡ White| 1181 (75.7)| 2298 (72.8) Black, Asian, or minority ethnic group| 264 (16.9)| 593 (18.8) Unknown| 116 (7.4)| 264 (8.4) Median no. of days since symptom onset (IQR)§| 9 (5–14)| 9 (5–13) Median no. of days since hospitalization (IQR)| 3 (1–6)| 3 (1–5) Respiratory support — no. (%) No oxygen received| 362 (23.2)| 750 (23.8) Oxygen only| 938 (60.1)| 1873 (59.4) Invasive mechanical ventilation| 261 (16.7)| 532 (16.9) Previous disease — no. (%) Any of the listed conditions| 882 (56.5)| 1807 (57.3) Diabetes| 427 (27.4)| 856 (27.1) Heart disease| 422 (27.0)| 789 (25.0) Chronic lung disease| 334 (21.4)| 712 (22.6) Tuberculosis| 4 (0.3)| 9 (0.3) HIV infection| 8 (0.5)| 13 (0.4) Severe liver disease¶| 18 (1.2)| 46 (1.5) Severe kidney impairment‖| 111 (7.1)| 261 (8.3) SARS-CoV-2 test result — no. (%) Positive| 1399 (89.6)| 2867 (90.9) Negative| 156 (10.0)| 275 (8.7) Unknown| 6 (0.4)| 13 (0.4) Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline.* * Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. HIV denotes human immunodeficiency virus, IQR interquartile range, and SD standard deviation. † Among the women, 2 in the hydroxychloroquine group and 4 in the usual-care group were pregnant. ‡ Race or ethnic group is reported as it was recorded in the patient’s electronic health record. § Data regarding the number of days since symptom onset were missing for 9 patients in the hydroxychloroquine group and 9 patients in the usual-care group. ¶ Severe liver disease was defined as a diagnosis that resulted in ongoing specialist care. ‖ Severe kidney impairment was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area. A total of 1430 patients in the hydroxychloroquine group (92%) received at least one dose (Table S2). The median duration of treatment was 6 days (interquartile range, 3 to 10 days). In addition, 12 patients (0.4%) in the usual-care group received hydroxychloroquine. The frequency of use of azithromycin or other macrolide drug during the follow-up period was similar in the hydroxychloroquine group and the usual-care group (18.6% vs. 20.3%), as was the use of dexamethasone (9.1% vs. 9.2%). Remdesivir was administered to less than 0.1% of the patients in each group. ### Primary Outcome Death at 28 days occurred in 421 of 1561 patients (27.0%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and in 790 of 3155 patients (25.0%) in the usual-care group (rate ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.23; P=0.15) (Figure 2). Similar results were seen across all six prespecified subgroups (Figure 3). In a post hoc exploratory analysis that was restricted to the 4266 patients (90.5%) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, the result was similar to the overall result (rate ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.23). Figure 2 ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/43fb692b-2179-4889-9247-0671723289e2/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f2.jpg\\") Mortality at 28 Days. Death at 28 days (the primary outcome) occurred in 421 patients (27.0%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and in 790 (25.0%) in the usual-care group. The inset shows the same data on an expanded y axis. Figure 3 ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/9aa94fd4-11f5-4c80-95e4-4021c6074487/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f3.jpg\\") Mortality at 28 Days, According to Subgroup. The size of the squares representing rate ratios is proportional to the amount of statistical information that was available for each comparison. The method that was used for calculating the baseline-predicted risk in each subgroup is described in the Supplementary Appendix. Race or ethnic group was recorded in the patient’s electronic health record. ### Secondary Outcomes Patients in the hydroxychloroquine group had a longer duration of hospitalization than those in the usual-care group (median, 16 days vs. 13 days) and a lower probability of discharge alive within 28 days (59.6% vs. 62.9%; rate ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.98) (Table 2). Among the patients who were not undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, the number of patients who had progression to the prespecified composite secondary outcome of invasive mechanical ventilation or death was higher among those in the hydroxychloroquine group than among those in the usual-care group (risk ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.27). Table 2 ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/fde37073-391b-4ec8-9c08-0ae47878e087/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_t2.jpg\\") Outcome| Hydroxychloroquine(N=1561)| Usual Care(N=3155)| Rate or Risk Ratio(95% CI) ---|---|---|--- no./total no. (%) Primary outcome: 28-day mortality| 421/1561 (27.0)| 790/3155 (25.0)| 1.09 (0.97–1.23)* Secondary outcomes Discharge from hospital in ≤28 days| 931/1561 (59.6)| 1983/3155 (62.9)| 0.90 (0.83–0.98)* Invasive mechanical ventilation or death†| 399/1300 (30.7)| 705/2623 (26.9)| 1.14 (1.03–1.27)‡ Invasive mechanical ventilation| 128/1300 (9.8)| 225/2623 (8.6)| 1.15 (0.93–1.41) Death| 311/1300 (23.9)| 574/2623 (21.9)| 1.09 (0.97–1.23) Primary and Secondary Outcomes. * The between-group difference was calculated as a rate ratio. † Patients who were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at randomization were excluded from this analysis. ‡ The between-group difference was calculated as a risk ratio. ### Other Prespecified Outcomes There was no difference between the hydroxychloroquine group and the usual- care group in 28-day mortality that was ascribed to Covid-19 (24.0% vs. 23.5%). However, patients in the hydroxychloroquine group had a greater risk of death from cardiac causes (mean [±SE] excess, 0.4±0.2 percentage points) and from non–SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean excess, 0.4±0.2 percentage points) (Table S3). Data regarding the occurrence of new major cardiac arrhythmia were collected for 735 of 1561 patients (47.1%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and 1421 of 3155 patients (45.0%) in the usual-care group, after collection of this information was added to the follow-up form on May 12, 2020. Among these patients, there were no significant differences between the hydroxychloroquine group and the usual-care group in the frequency of supraventricular tachycardia (7.6% vs. 6.0%), ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (0.7% vs. 0.4%), or atrioventricular block requiring intervention (0.1% vs. 0.1%) (Table S4). There was one report of a serious adverse reaction that was deemed by investigators to be related to hydroxychloroquine: a case of torsades de pointes, from which the patient recovered without undergoing intervention. Among the patients who were not receiving renal dialysis or hemofiltration at randomization, the percentage who went on to receive such treatment during the follow-up period was the same in the hydroxychloroquine group and the usual- care group (7.9% vs. 7.9%) (Table S5). ## Discussion In this analysis of the RECOVERY trial, we determined that hydroxychloroquine was not an effective treatment for patients hospitalized with Covid-19. The lower boundary of the confidence limit for the primary outcome ruled out any reasonable possibility of a meaningful mortality benefit. The results were consistent across subgroups according to age, sex, race, time since illness onset, level of respiratory support, and baseline-predicted risk. In addition, the results suggest that the patients who received hydroxychloroquine had a longer duration of hospitalization and, among those who were not undergoing mechanical ventilation at baseline, a higher risk of invasive mechanical ventilation or death than those who received usual care. The RECOVERY trial is a large, pragmatic, randomized, controlled platform trial designed to assess the effect of potential treatments for Covid-19 on 28-day mortality. Approximately 15% of the patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19 in the United Kingdom during the trial period were enrolled, and the percentage of patients in the usual-care group who died was consistent with the hospitalized case fatality rate among hospitalized patients in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.7,30,31 Only essential data were collected at hospital sites, with additional information (including long-term mortality) ascertained through linkage with routine data sources. We did not collect information on physiologic, electrocardiographic, laboratory, or virologic measurements. Hydroxychloroquine has been proposed as a treatment for Covid-19 largely on the basis of its in vitro SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity and on data from observational studies reporting effective reduction in viral loads. However, the 4-aminoquinoline drugs are relatively weak antiviral agents.15 The demonstration of therapeutic efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in severe Covid-19 would require rapid attainment of efficacious levels of free drug in the blood and respiratory epithelium.32 Thus, to provide the greatest chance of providing benefit in life-threatening Covid-19, the dose regimen in our trial was designed to result in rapid attainment and maintenance of plasma levels that were as high as safely possible.15 These levels were predicted to be at the upper end of those observed during steady-state treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with hydroxychloroquine.33 Our dosing schedule was based on pharmacokinetic modeling of hydroxychloroquine that referenced a SARS-CoV-2 50% effective concentration of 0.72 μM, as scaled to whole-blood levels and on the assumption that cytosolic levels in the respiratory epithelium are in dynamic equilibrium with blood levels.8,15,34 The primary concern with short-term, high-dose 4-aminoquinoline regimens is cardiovascular toxicity. Hydroxychloroquine causes predictable prolongation of the corrected QT interval on electrocardiography, which is exacerbated by coadministration with azithromycin, as widely prescribed in Covid-19 treatment.16-18 Although torsades de pointes has been described, serious cardiovascular toxicity has been infrequently reported, despite the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in hospitalized patients, the common occurrence of myocarditis in Covid-19, and the extensive use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin together. The exception is a Brazilian study that was stopped early because of cardiotoxicity. However, in that study, chloroquine was administered at a base dose of 600 mg twice daily for 10 days, a higher total dose than those that were used in other trials, including the RECOVERY trial.35,36 Pharmacokinetic modeling in combination with information regarding blood levels and mortality from a case series involving 302 patients with chloroquine overdose predicts that a chloroquine regimen that was equivalent to the hydroxychloroquine regimen used in our trial should have an acceptable safety profile.36 There was a small absolute excess of cardiac mortality of 0.4 percentage points in the hydroxychloroquine group on the basis of very few events, but we did not observe excess mortality in the first 2 days of treatment with hydroxychloroquine, the time when early effects of dose-dependent toxicity might be expected. Furthermore, the data presented here did not show any excess in ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in the hydroxychloroquine group. These findings indicate that hydroxychloroquine is not an effective treatment for hospitalized patients with Covid-19 but do not address its use as prophylaxis or in patients with less severe SARS-CoV-2 infection managed in the community. A review of Covid-19 treatment guidelines that was produced early in the pandemic showed that chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine was recommended in China, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and South Korea.37 In the United States, the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine was permitted in certain hospitalized patients under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A retrospective cohort study involving 1376 patients with Covid-19 who were admitted to the hospital in New York City in March and April 2020 showed that 59% of the patients received hydroxychloroquine.22,38 Since our preliminary results were made public on June 5, 2020, the FDA has revoked the EUA for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine,39 and the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health have ceased trials of its use in hospitalized patients on the grounds of a lack of benefit. The WHO has released preliminary results from the SOLIDARITY trial on the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 that are consistent with the results from the RECOVERY trial.40 ## Notes The members of the writing committee (Peter Horby, F.R.C.P., Marion Mafham, M.D., Louise Linsell, D.Phil., Jennifer L. Bell, M.Sc., Natalie Staplin, Ph.D., Jonathan R. Emberson, Ph.D., Martin Wiselka, Ph.D., Andrew Ustianowski, Ph.D., Einas Elmahi, M.Phil., Benjamin Prudon, F.R.C.P., Tony Whitehouse, F.R.C.A., Timothy Felton, Ph.D., John Williams, M.R.C.P., Jakki Faccenda, M.D., Jonathan Underwood, Ph.D., J. Kenneth Baillie, M.D., Ph.D., Lucy C. Chappell, Ph.D., Saul N. Faust, F.R.C.P.C.H., Thomas Jaki, Ph.D., Katie Jeffery, Ph.D., Wei Shen Lim, F.R.C.P., Alan Montgomery, Ph.D., Kathryn Rowan, Ph.D., Joel Tarning, Ph.D., James A. Watson, D.Phil., Nicholas J. White, F.R.S., Edmund Juszczak, M.Sc., Richard Haynes, D.M., and Martin J. Landray, Ph.D.) assume responsibility for the overall content and integrity of this article. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service (NHS), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), or the Department of Health and Social Care. This is the New England Journal of Medicine version of record, which includes all Journal editing and enhancements. The Author Final Manuscript, which is the author’s version after external peer review and before publication in the Journal, is available under a CC BY license at PMC7556338. This article was published on October 8, 2020, at NEJM.org. A data sharing statement provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. Supported by a grant (MC_PC_19056) to the University of Oxford from UK Research and Innovation and the NIHR and by core funding provided by NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Department for International Development, Health Data Research UK, the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, the NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, and NIHR Clinical Trials Unit Support Funding. Tocilizumab was provided free of charge for this study by Roche. AbbVie contributed some supplies of lopinavir–ritonavir for use in the trial. The hydroxychloroquine that was used in the trial was supplied by the NHS. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. We thank the thousands of patients who participated in this trial; the doctors, nurses, pharmacists, other allied health professionals, and research administrators at 176 NHS hospitals across the United Kingdom who were assisted by the NIHR Clinical Research Network, NHS DigiTrials, Public Health England, the Department of Health and Social Care, the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, Public Health Scotland, National Records Service of Scotland, the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage at University of Swansea, and the NHS in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland; and the members of the independent data monitoring committee: Peter Sandercock, Janet Darbyshire, David DeMets, Robert Fowler, David Lalloo, Ian Roberts, and Janet Wittes. ## Supplementary Material Protocol (nejmoa2022926_protocol.pdf) * Download * 3.27 MB Supplementary Appendix (nejmoa2022926_appendix.pdf) * Download * 1.23 MB Disclosure Forms (nejmoa2022926_disclosures.pdf) * Download * 410.68 KB Data Sharing Statement (nejmoa2022926_data-sharing.pdf) * Download * 80.55 KB ## References 1. 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Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: a pilot observational study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020;34:101663-101663. Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar * a [...] been reported in some observational studies * b [...] as widely prescribed in Covid-19 treatment. 19. Million M, Lagier JC, Gautret P, et al. Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: a retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020;35:101738-101738. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 20. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends 2020;14:72-73. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 21. Yu B, Li C, Chen P, et al. Low dose of hydroxychloroquine reduces fatality of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Sci China Life Sci 2020 May 15 (Epub ahead of print). Go to Citation PubMed Google Scholar 22. Geleris J, Sun Y, Platt J, et al. Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020;382:2411-2418. Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar * a [...] but not in others. * b [...] the patients received hydroxychloroquine. 23. Mahévas M, Tran V-T, Roumier M, et al. Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data. BMJ 2020;369:m1844-m1844. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 24. Molina JM, Delaugerre C, Le Goff J, et al. No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Med Mal Infect 2020;50:384-384. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 25. Tang W, Cao Z, Han M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2020;369:m1849-m1849. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 26. Huang M, Tang T, Pang P, et al. Treating COVID-19 with chloroquine. J Mol Cell Biol 2020;12:322-325. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 27. Chen J, Liu D, Liu L, et al. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020;49:215-219. (In Chinese.) Go to Citation PubMed Google Scholar 28. Chen Z, Hu J, Zhang Z, et al. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. April 10, 2020 ( preprint. Go to Citation Google Scholar 29. Cavalcanti AB, Zampieri FG, Rosa RG, et al. Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in mild-to-moderate Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020;383:2041-2052. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 30. Mekonnen Abate S, Ahmed Ali S, Mantfardo B, Basu B. Rate of intensive care unit admission and outcomes among patients with coronavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020;15(7):e0235653-e0235653. Go to Citation PubMed ISI Google Scholar 31. Armstrong RA, Kane AD, Cook TM. Outcomes from intensive care in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Anaesthesia 2020;75:1340-1349. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 32. Austin D, Okour M. Evaluation of potential therapeutic options for COVID-19. J Clin Pharmacol 2020;60:976-977. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 33. Carmichael SJ, Charles B, Tett SE. Population pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Drug Monit 2003;25:671-681. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 34. Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, et al. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:732-739. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 35. Borba MGS, Val FFA, Sampaio VS, et al. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3(4):e208857-e208857. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 36. Watson JA, Tarning J, Hoglund RM, et al. Concentration-dependent mortality of chloroquine in overdose. Elife 2020;9:e58631-e58631. Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar * a [...] other trials, including the RECOVERY trial. * b [...] should have an acceptable safety profile. 37. Dagens A, Sigfrid L, Cai E, et al. Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review. BMJ 2020;369:m1936-m1936. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 38. Lenzer J. Covid-19: US gives emergency approval to hydroxychloroquine despite lack of evidence. BMJ 2020;369:m1335-m1335. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 39. Letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration re: revocation of the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) letter of March 20, 2020. June 15, 2020 ( Go to Citation Google Scholar 40. World Health Organization. WHO discontinues hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19. July 4, 2020 ( hydroxychloroquine-and-lopinavir-ritonavir-treatment-arms-for-covid-19). Go to Citation Google Scholar Show all references ## Information & Authors InformationAuthors ### Information #### Published In New England Journal of Medicine Volume 383 • Number 21 • November 19, 2020 Pages: 2030-2040 #### Copyright Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. #### History Published online: October 8, 2020 Published in issue: November 19, 2020 #### Topics 1. Coronavirus 2. Global Health 3. Infectious Disease General 4. Viral Infections ### Authors #### Authors The RECOVERY Collaborative Group* #### Affiliations The affiliations of the members of the writing committee are as follows: the Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine (P.H., J.T., J.A.W., N.J.W.), Nuffield Department of Population Health (M.M., L.L., J.L.B., N.S., J.R.E., E.J., R.H., M.J.L.), the Medical Research Council (MRC) Population Health Research Unit (N.S., J.R.E., R.H., M.J.L.), University of Oxford, the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (K.J., M.J.L.), and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (M.J.L.), Oxford, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester (M.W.), the Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, North Manchester General Hospital (A.U.), University of Manchester (A.U., T.F.), and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (T.F.), Manchester, the Research and Development Department, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton (E.E.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees (B.P.), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham (T.W.), James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough (J.W.), North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough (J.F.), the Department of Infectious Diseases, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, and the Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff (J.U.), Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (J.K.B.), the School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London (L.C.C.), and the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre (K.R.), London, the NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton (S.N.F.), the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster (T.J.), the MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (T.J.), and the Respiratory Medicine Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (W.S.L.), and the School of Medicine, University of Nottingham (A.M., E.J.), Nottingham — all in the United Kingdom; and the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (J.T., J.A.W., N.J.W.). #### Notes Address reprint requests to Dr. Horby or Dr. Landray at the RECOVERY Central Coordinating Office, Richard Doll Bldg., Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Dr., Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom, or at [email protected]. * A complete list of collaborators in the RECOVERY trial is provided in the Supplementary Appendix, available at NEJM.org. Drs. Horby, Mafham, and Linsell and Prof. Juszczak, Dr. Haynes, and Dr. Landray contributed equally to this article. ## Metrics & Citations MetricsCitations821 ### Metrics #### Altmetrics ![\\"Article](\\" See more details Picked up by 83 news outlets Blogged by 16 Referenced in 3 policy sources Posted by 3546 X users Referenced in 2 patents On 9 Facebook pages Referenced in 7 Wikipedia pages Reddited by 2 Mentioned in 1 Q&A threads On 6 videos 1177 readers on Mendeley ### Citations #### Export citation Select the format you want to export the citation of this publication. Format* Please select RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct Import Export citation #### Cited by 1. * Beatriz de Faria Chaimowicz, * Ana Carolina Wegmann Villela, * Bruno Petrocchi Vieira de Menezes, * Camila Hostalacio Duarte Coutinho, * Carolina Muzzi Lamounier Araujo, * Clara Chagas Barbosa Santos, * Clara Rubião Pimenta, * Daniela Diniz Martins da Silva, * David Bastos Vieira da Fonseca, * Nara Maria Meira Valadares, EFICÁCIA DA CLOROQUINA E HIDROXICLOROQUINA NA PROFILAXIA E TERAPIA DA COVID-19 - UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA, REVISTA FOCO, **17** , 7, (e5757), (2024). Crossref 2. * Simon D. Lytton, * Asish Kumar Ghosh, SARS-CoV-2 Variants and COVID-19 in Bangladesh—Lessons Learned, Viruses, **16** , 7, (1077), (2024). Crossref 3. * Caterina Trevisan, * Andrea Cignarella, * Andrea Grandieri, * Giuseppe Sergi, * Stefano Fumagalli, * Fabio Monzani, * Chukwuma Okoye, * Giuseppe Bellelli, * Alba Malara, * Pietro Gareri, * Stefano Volpato, * Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Drug–Drug Interactions of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in Older Patients with COVID-19 during the First Pandemic Waves: The GeroCovid Observational Study, Reports, **7** , 2, (42), (2024). Crossref 4. * Amal Hamid, * Pascal Mäser, * Abdelhalim Babiker Mahmoud, Drug Repurposing in the Chemotherapy of Infectious Diseases, Molecules, **29** , 3, (635), (2024). Crossref 5. * Saule Abisheva, * Kristina Rutskaya-Moroshan, * Gulnaz Nuranova, * Tansholpan Batyrkhan, * Anilim Abisheva, Antimalarial Drugs at the Intersection of SARS-CoV-2 and Rheumatic Diseases: What Are the Potential Opportunities?, Medicina, **60** , 7, (1171), (2024). Crossref 6. * Nathália Mariana Santos Sansone, * Matheus Negri Boschiero, * Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, Efficacy of Ivermectin, Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin in Managing COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Phase III Clinical Trials, Biomedicines, **12** , 10, (2206), (2024). Crossref 7. * Dávid Szabó, * Andrew Crowe, * Cyril Mamotte, * Padraig Strappe, Natural products as a source of Coronavirus entry inhibitors, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, **14** , (2024). Crossref 8. * Rajat Pramod Khanavkar, * Aditi Kanade-Sable, * Saleem B. Tamboli, * Abdul Hannan, Hydroxychloroquine-induced reversible keratopathy in a coronavirus disease 2019 patient: A case report, Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, **68** , (243-245), (2024). Crossref 9. * Amit K. Maiti, Therapeutic Challenges in COVID-19, Current Molecular Medicine, **24** , 1, (14-25), (2024). Crossref 10. * Ravindra Pal Singh, * Anurag Mishra, * Shailendra Singh Chandel, * Mohit Agarwal, * Himmat Singh Chawra, * Mithilesh Singh, * Gaurav Dubey, Unlocking New Approaches to Urolithiasis Management Via Nutraceuticals, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, **25** , 9, (1124-1131), (2024). Crossref 11. See more Loading... ## View Options ### View options #### PDF View PDF ## Media FiguresOther ### Figures Open all in viewer ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/604d3977-607d-4167-9c1b-3bf7950e9e58/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f1.jpg\\") Enrollment and Outcomes in the RECOVERY Trial. The enrollment number that is shown is the total number of patients in the RECOVERY platform trial during the period in which adult patients could be recruited for the comparison between hydroxychloroquine and usual care. Patients could have more than one reason for not participating in the hydroxychloroquine trial. At the time of this analysis, data from the trial follow-up form were available for 1553 of 1561 patients (99.5%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and for 3140 of 3155 patients (99.5%) in the usual- care group. The subgroup of patients who later underwent a second randomization to tocilizumab versus usual care in the RECOVERY trial included 37 of 1561 patients (2.4%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and 89 of 3155 patients (2.8%) in the usual care group. In addition, 6 patients were randomly assigned to receive either convalescent plasma or usual care alone (1 patient [0.1%] in the hydroxychloroquine group and 5 patients [0.2%] in the usual-care group) in accordance with protocol version 6.0. Among the 167 sites at which at least 1 patient was assigned to receive hydroxychloroquine, the median number of patients who underwent randomization was 20 (interquartile range, 11 to 41). Go to FigureOpen in Viewer ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/43fb692b-2179-4889-9247-0671723289e2/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f2.jpg\\") Mortality at 28 Days. Death at 28 days (the primary outcome) occurred in 421 patients (27.0%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and in 790 (25.0%) in the usual-care group. The inset shows the same data on an expanded y axis. Go to FigureOpen in Viewer ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/9aa94fd4-11f5-4c80-95e4-4021c6074487/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f3.jpg\\") Mortality at 28 Days, According to Subgroup. The size of the squares representing rate ratios is proportional to the amount of statistical information that was available for each comparison. The method that was used for calculating the baseline-predicted risk in each subgroup is described in the Supplementary Appendix. Race or ethnic group was recorded in the patient’s electronic health record. Go to FigureOpen in Viewer ### Other ## Tables Open all in viewer ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/20bfe890-91aa-4461-ad75-3516f2305b21/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_t1.jpg\\") Characteristic| Hydroxychloroquine(N=1561)| Usual Care(N=3155) ---|---|--- Age Mean ±SD| 65.2±15.2| 65.4±15.4 Distribution — no. (%) <70 yr| 925 (59.3)| 1873 (59.4) ≥70 to <80 yr| 342 (21.9)| 630 (20.0) ≥80 yr| 294 (18.8)| 652 (20.7) Sex — no. (%) Male| 960 (61.5)| 1974 (62.6) Female†| 601 (38.5)| 1181 (37.4) Race or ethnic group — no. (%)‡ White| 1181 (75.7)| 2298 (72.8) Black, Asian, or minority ethnic group| 264 (16.9)| 593 (18.8) Unknown| 116 (7.4)| 264 (8.4) Median no. of days since symptom onset (IQR)§| 9 (5–14)| 9 (5–13) Median no. of days since hospitalization (IQR)| 3 (1–6)| 3 (1–5) Respiratory support — no. (%) No oxygen received| 362 (23.2)| 750 (23.8) Oxygen only| 938 (60.1)| 1873 (59.4) Invasive mechanical ventilation| 261 (16.7)| 532 (16.9) Previous disease — no. (%) Any of the listed conditions| 882 (56.5)| 1807 (57.3) Diabetes| 427 (27.4)| 856 (27.1) Heart disease| 422 (27.0)| 789 (25.0) Chronic lung disease| 334 (21.4)| 712 (22.6) Tuberculosis| 4 (0.3)| 9 (0.3) HIV infection| 8 (0.5)| 13 (0.4) Severe liver disease¶| 18 (1.2)| 46 (1.5) Severe kidney impairment‖| 111 (7.1)| 261 (8.3) SARS-CoV-2 test result — no. (%) Positive| 1399 (89.6)| 2867 (90.9) Negative| 156 (10.0)| 275 (8.7) Unknown| 6 (0.4)| 13 (0.4) * Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. HIV denotes human immunodeficiency virus, IQR interquartile range, and SD standard deviation. † Among the women, 2 in the hydroxychloroquine group and 4 in the usual-care group were pregnant. ‡ Race or ethnic group is reported as it was recorded in the patient’s electronic health record. § Data regarding the number of days since symptom onset were missing for 9 patients in the hydroxychloroquine group and 9 patients in the usual-care group. ¶ Severe liver disease was defined as a diagnosis that resulted in ongoing specialist care. ‖ Severe kidney impairment was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area. Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline.* Go to TableOpen in Viewer ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/fde37073-391b-4ec8-9c08-0ae47878e087/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_t2.jpg\\") Outcome| Hydroxychloroquine(N=1561)| Usual Care(N=3155)| Rate or Risk Ratio(95% CI) ---|---|---|--- no./total no. (%) Primary outcome: 28-day mortality| 421/1561 (27.0)| 790/3155 (25.0)| 1.09 (0.97–1.23)* Secondary outcomes Discharge from hospital in ≤28 days| 931/1561 (59.6)| 1983/3155 (62.9)| 0.90 (0.83–0.98)* Invasive mechanical ventilation or death†| 399/1300 (30.7)| 705/2623 (26.9)| 1.14 (1.03–1.27)‡ Invasive mechanical ventilation| 128/1300 (9.8)| 225/2623 (8.6)| 1.15 (0.93–1.41) Death| 311/1300 (23.9)| 574/2623 (21.9)| 1.09 (0.97–1.23) * The between-group difference was calculated as a rate ratio. † Patients who were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at randomization were excluded from this analysis. ‡ The between-group difference was calculated as a risk ratio. Primary and Secondary Outcomes. Go to TableOpen in Viewer ## Share ### Share #### CONTENT LINK Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. #### Share FacebookX (formerly Twitter)Linkedinemail ## References ### References 1. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. 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Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: a pilot observational study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020;34:101663-101663. Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar * a [...] been reported in some observational studies * b [...] as widely prescribed in Covid-19 treatment. 19. Million M, Lagier JC, Gautret P, et al. Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: a retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020;35:101738-101738. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 20. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends 2020;14:72-73. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 21. Yu B, Li C, Chen P, et al. Low dose of hydroxychloroquine reduces fatality of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Sci China Life Sci 2020 May 15 (Epub ahead of print). Go to Citation PubMed Google Scholar 22. Geleris J, Sun Y, Platt J, et al. Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020;382:2411-2418. Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar * a [...] but not in others. * b [...] the patients received hydroxychloroquine. 23. Mahévas M, Tran V-T, Roumier M, et al. Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data. BMJ 2020;369:m1844-m1844. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 24. Molina JM, Delaugerre C, Le Goff J, et al. No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Med Mal Infect 2020;50:384-384. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 25. Tang W, Cao Z, Han M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2020;369:m1849-m1849. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 26. Huang M, Tang T, Pang P, et al. Treating COVID-19 with chloroquine. J Mol Cell Biol 2020;12:322-325. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 27. Chen J, Liu D, Liu L, et al. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020;49:215-219. (In Chinese.) Go to Citation PubMed Google Scholar 28. Chen Z, Hu J, Zhang Z, et al. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. April 10, 2020 ( preprint. Go to Citation Google Scholar 29. Cavalcanti AB, Zampieri FG, Rosa RG, et al. Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in mild-to-moderate Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020;383:2041-2052. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 30. Mekonnen Abate S, Ahmed Ali S, Mantfardo B, Basu B. Rate of intensive care unit admission and outcomes among patients with coronavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020;15(7):e0235653-e0235653. Go to Citation PubMed ISI Google Scholar 31. Armstrong RA, Kane AD, Cook TM. Outcomes from intensive care in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Anaesthesia 2020;75:1340-1349. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 32. Austin D, Okour M. Evaluation of potential therapeutic options for COVID-19. J Clin Pharmacol 2020;60:976-977. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 33. Carmichael SJ, Charles B, Tett SE. Population pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Drug Monit 2003;25:671-681. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 34. Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, et al. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:732-739. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 35. Borba MGS, Val FFA, Sampaio VS, et al. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3(4):e208857-e208857. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 36. Watson JA, Tarning J, Hoglund RM, et al. Concentration-dependent mortality of chloroquine in overdose. Elife 2020;9:e58631-e58631. Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar * a [...] other trials, including the RECOVERY trial. * b [...] should have an acceptable safety profile. 37. Dagens A, Sigfrid L, Cai E, et al. Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review. BMJ 2020;369:m1936-m1936. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 38. Lenzer J. Covid-19: US gives emergency approval to hydroxychloroquine despite lack of evidence. BMJ 2020;369:m1335-m1335. Go to Citation Crossref PubMed ISI Google Scholar 39. Letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration re: revocation of the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) letter of March 20, 2020. June 15, 2020 ( Go to Citation Google Scholar 40. World Health Organization. WHO discontinues hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19. July 4, 2020 ( hydroxychloroquine-and-lopinavir-ritonavir-treatment-arms-for-covid-19). 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We will email you a link to a page where you can easily create a new password. {* signInEmailAddress *} {* /resetPasswordForm *} If the address matches an existing account, you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. ✓ Thanks for sharing! AddToAny More… Now Reading: Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 Share * * * * ###### PREVIOUS ARTICLE First-Line Lorlatinib or Crizotinib in Advanced ALK-Positive Lung Cancer Previous ###### NEXT ARTICLE Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19 Next FiguresTables ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/604d3977-607d-4167-9c1b-3bf7950e9e58/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f1.jpg\\")View figure Figure 1 Enrollment and Outcomes in the RECOVERY Trial. The enrollment number that is shown is the total number of patients in the RECOVERY platform trial during the period in which adult patients could be recruited for the comparison between hydroxychloroquine and usual care. Patients could have more than one reason for not participating in the hydroxychloroquine trial. At the time of this analysis, data from the trial follow-up form were available for 1553 of 1561 patients (99.5%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and for 3140 of 3155 patients (99.5%) in the usual- care group. The subgroup of patients who later underwent a second randomization to tocilizumab versus usual care in the RECOVERY trial included 37 of 1561 patients (2.4%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and 89 of 3155 patients (2.8%) in the usual care group. In addition, 6 patients were randomly assigned to receive either convalescent plasma or usual care alone (1 patient [0.1%] in the hydroxychloroquine group and 5 patients [0.2%] in the usual-care group) in accordance with protocol version 6.0. Among the 167 sites at which at least 1 patient was assigned to receive hydroxychloroquine, the median number of patients who underwent randomization was 20 (interquartile range, 11 to 41). ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/43fb692b-2179-4889-9247-0671723289e2/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f2.jpg\\")View figure Figure 2 Mortality at 28 Days. Death at 28 days (the primary outcome) occurred in 421 patients (27.0%) in the hydroxychloroquine group and in 790 (25.0%) in the usual-care group. The inset shows the same data on an expanded y axis. ![](\\"/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2022926/asset/9aa94fd4-11f5-4c80-95e4-4021c6074487/assets/images/large/nejmoa2022926_f3.jpg\\")View figure Figure 3 Mortality at 28 Days, According to Subgroup. The size of the squares representing rate ratios is proportional to the amount of statistical information that was available for each comparison. The method that was used for calculating the baseline-predicted risk in each subgroup is described in the Supplementary Appendix. Race or ethnic group was recorded in the patient’s electronic health record. Table 1 Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline.* Table 2 Primary and Secondary Outcomes. Reference 1 |
Andhra Pradesh Police has set up a helpline number 9969777888 to help the women of the state to track their vehicle with GPRS | 3,309 | Don’t miss what’s happening People on X are the first to know. Log in Sign up |
Andhra Pradesh Police has set up a helpline number 9969777888 to help the women of the state to track their vehicle with GPRS | 3,309 | ..What are some of the most reliable helpline numbers and associations for women in India? All related (33) Sort Recommended ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-131493026-50-yvbgfpzsmesdhyyjtgojlspkfohabfsh.jpeg\\") Vaibhav Latiyan Former Studies Law · Author has 127 answers and 324.7K answer views · 7y Hello, I do not know about every helpline, but i know about one which is very helpful. I am telling you this on the basis of my own experience. There is an NGO called SAMADHAN in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It is one of the most reliable legal helpline. It is a non-funded organisation which provides legal help and has given a reason to live to many women. It is being managed by a board of directors, but primarily by Adv. Renu D. Singh. She is one of the best human that i have ever met in my life, working with no profit motive; for the cause of humanity. If you need any kind of help or advice, don’t h Continue Reading Hello, I do not know about every helpline, but i know about one which is very helpful. I am telling you this on the basis of my own experience. There is an NGO called SAMADHAN in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. It is one of the most reliable legal helpline. It is a non-funded organisation which provides legal help and has given a reason to live to many women. It is being managed by a board of directors, but primarily by Adv. Renu D. Singh. She is one of the best human that i have ever met in my life, working with no profit motive; for the cause of humanity. If you need any kind of help or advice, don’t hesitate to give them a call, be it any time of a day or any place in India. You can get more details by searching it online. Samadhan - NGO |Human Rights is the link to the website. Upvote · 98 91 Related questions More answers below What are some women helpline numbers in India? Shall we contact the women helpline, or police? How responsive is the women helpline number 1091, in India? What are some important helpline numbers in India that I should be aware of? Does women helpline (1091) in Delhi even work? ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-190380531-50-aujfniemyepqfjehwlaastjczmwumgdc.jpeg\\") Ricky Gharat M.a normal human who tries to help everyone. · 8y I would like to share u my experience. N hope u will get ur answers. Few days back a female muslim friend of mine was disappeared, but before disappearing she has called my friends that she\'s in trouble and her family is forcing her to get married to a muslim guy. ( she loves a hindu guy and was about to get married few days back just before disappearing), so she was calling for help that her parents are beating her and torturing her so she wanted to get go away and she even had tried to run from her house but her parents caught her and since then her phone os off we have all her call recordin Continue Reading I would like to share u my experience. N hope u will get ur answers. Few days back a female muslim friend of mine was disappeared, but before disappearing she has called my friends that she\'s in trouble and her family is forcing her to get married to a muslim guy. ( she loves a hindu guy and was about to get married few days back just before disappearing), so she was calling for help that her parents are beating her and torturing her so she wanted to get go away and she even had tried to run from her house but her parents caught her and since then her phone os off we have all her call recording. She\'s legally adult, so we tried to contact her but her parents won\'t allowed us. We went to police they say if she\'s missing then y aren\'t her parents complaining. We. Tried but they said that its not possible for u to register a complain until ur her relative or something. They suggested us to go to ngo So the fun fact began here. We tried ngos number we got through internet. Most of number were just for name sake no one answered. So we went to few ngo in our area. and told them this matter they said that if that girl is really in problem then she must come here and ask for help. We can\'t do anything for u. We tried 1298 but it was transfer to again a ngo and they said same. My friend called love commandos they are asking for 30k donation then they will start our case, ngos work from 11 to 5. They work on odd days. I don\'t understand if some one is in trouble how can she call or get out in their working time and ask for help. And if she can get out then y she needs help. Any ways after loosing all hope now we r waiting for her call. Its been 20 days now since she\'s disappeared. What ever we hear is different and reality Is different. Upvote · 93 94 ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-59292010-50-ganadgtlmrepsqxspfkrsabdtpentiur.jpeg\\") Ankit Saxena Engineer, Curious, Adventurer...... · Author has 628 answers and 1.8M answer views · 9y Here take below two Numbers:- Govt launches \'181\' helpline number for women in all states | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis & 1091 - Delhi police Helpline number for the Women. Upvote · 92 ![\\"Profile](\\" thumb-88089560-50-cyntfbqjmhafpuuyxulamxnvqzgcsuvr.jpeg\\") Rajiv Ranjan Singh Indian Police Service (IPS) officer · Author has 86 answers and 1.6M answer views · 8y Related Shall we contact the women helpline, or police? Please understand the following very clearly:- 1. Once you give in to blackmail it only increases and never stops. 2. Once the demand of blackmailer is met he is emboldened and and his demands keep increasing. 3. In This day and age of digital and social media fulfilling a blackmailers demands is no guarantee against non publicig objectionable content on internet. 4. No matter what the mistake of a child, the parents will always protect the child against outside threats. I am a police officer. I have seen it happening many time. 5. Take parents in to confidence, tell them the problem and then contact women helpli Continue Reading Please understand the following very clearly:- 1. Once you give in to blackmail it only increases and never stops. 2. Once the demand of blackmailer is met he is emboldened and and his demands keep increasing. 3. In This day and age of digital and social media fulfilling a blackmailers demands is no guarantee against non publicig objectionable content on internet. 4. No matter what the mistake of a child, the parents will always protect the child against outside threats. I am a police officer. I have seen it happening many time. 5. Take parents in to confidence, tell them the problem and then contact women helpline as well as police by calling 100. 6. The ex boyfriend is committing a serious moral and criminal offence and must be brought to book before he hurts others. But it can only be done with the support and cooperation of the victim. So come forward. 7. Hope it helps. Upvote · 9934 96 91 Related questions What are some women helpline numbers in India? Shall we contact the women helpline, or police? How responsive is the women helpline number 1091, in India? What are some important helpline numbers in India that I should be aware of? Does women helpline (1091) in Delhi even work? What value does 1091 (women helpline) add to law enforcement and grievance handling, if one is still asked to first visit police station to register a complaint? How much successfull is the UP\'s Women Power Helpline 1090? In which year was the women helpline started? What are the various helpline numbers in India? How effective is women\'s helpline number 1091 in Bengaluru, Karnataka? Is women helpline number still work in lockdown? How do I file Police Report against a Person for Mental Harassment? What are some important helpline numbers one should know? Who started the Damini helpline for women? Why do women’s helplines need help? Related questions What are some women helpline numbers in India? Shall we contact the women helpline, or police? How responsive is the women helpline number 1091, in India? What are some important helpline numbers in India that I should be aware of? Does women helpline (1091) in Delhi even work? What value does 1091 (women helpline) add to law enforcement and grievance handling, if one is still asked to first visit police station to register a complaint? How much successfull is the UP\'s Women Power Helpline 1090? In which year was the women helpline started? What are the various helpline numbers in India? 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Andhra Pradesh government will get Rs 1000 should be paid | 3,310 | # Access Denied You don\'t have permission to access \" pension-yojana\" on this server. Reference #18.ce6c3f17.1728290516.127de368 |
Andhra Pradesh government will get Rs 1000 should be paid | 3,310 | * SKIP TO MAIN CONTENT * ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ప్రభుత్వం * Government of Andhra Pradesh * ![\\"Search](\\" Search Search * ![\\"Sitemap](\\" Site Map * ![\\"Accessibility](\\" Accessibility Links * A+ Font Size Increase * A Normal Font - Selected * A- Font Size Decrease * A High Contrast * A Normal Contrast - Selected * English * తెలుగు ![\\"11\\"](\\" అల్లూరి సీతారామ రాజు జిల్లా Alluri Sitharamaraju District ![\\"Digital](\\" content/themes/district-theme-3/images/digital-india.png\\"/) Menu Toggle * Home * About District * History * Who’s Who * Map of District * Administrative Setup * Collectorate * Revenue Division * MANDALS * Village & Panchayats * Demography * Economy * Directory * Disaster Management * History of Collectors * Helpline * Public Utilities * Police stations * General Elections 2024 * Departments * District Mineral Foundation Trust * Horticulture * Health * Sainik Welfare * Tourism * News Letter * Tourism * Cultural Tourism * Eco Tourism * Forest Tourism * Religious Tourism * ODOP ASR DISTRICT * Public Representatives * MPs * MLAs * More * Govt Officials * All India Services * District Officers * Deputy Collectors & Tahslidars * MPDOs * DOCUMENTS * Permissions given by DOP, SDPO, SHOs * Citizen Charter * Govt. Orders/ Notifications Acts/ Policies Court Orders Licenses Given * Notices * Tenders Recruitments * Announcements * EVENTS * Citizen Services * Grievance redressal * List of district specific services * Media Corner * Video Gallery * Photo Gallery * About DMFT * DMFT Rules and Regulations Close ![\\"\\"](\\" * Home * Departments * Health * Print * __Share * Facebook * Twitter # Health ### Hospitals * DH Paderu – 200 Beds * AH Araku – 150 Beds * CHC Chintapalli – 50 Beds * CHC Munchingaput – 30 Beds * AP VAIDYA VIDHANA PARISHAD * Medical & Health Department About the Department: 2 Community Health Centres , 1 Area Hospital, 1 District Hospital 1 Blood Bank catering services to the Public under the Administration of District Coordinator of Hospital Services-DCHS Schemes/ Projects details: 1. Janani Suraksha Yojana : To reduce Maternal & Infant deaths, the pregnant woman who delivers in Hospitals will get Rs 1000/- in Rural and Tribal & Rs 600/- in Urban areas 2. Janani Sishu Suraksha Karyakram: Cashless delivery for pregnant women who come for delivery in Govt Hospitals and Infant treatments, free diagnostics services 3. YSR BHAROSA – Pension Scheme : .Under YSR Bharosa Scheme Govt. have sanctioned Rs 10,000 /- PM to the patients who are under gone treatment in the Dialysis Centres i.e,. At District Hospital Paderu. 4. SADAREM CERTIFICATES :The Govt. of AP has issued GO.MS.No.35,HM&FW(A) Dept, dt:10.04.2018 for assessment of Disability & Certification through Computer aided software. And SADAREM disability certificates issued to the beneficiaries at DH Paderu & AH Araku. 5. BLOOD BANK & BLOOD STORAGE CENTRE:-One Blood Bank at District Hospital, Paderu functioning well and catering the needs of all Categories of Public, the Blood Storage Centres are established at Area Hospital, Arakuvalley & CHC Chintapalli functioning well. 6. SPECIAL NEW BORN CARE UNIT & NEW BORN STABILIZATION UNITS(NBSUs ) :-SPECIAL NEW BORN CARE UNITS at DH,Paderu and CHC Chintapalli are functioning well. 7. DRUG DE ADDICTION CENTRE :- Government of AP have sanctioned Drug De Addiction Centre At DH Paderu and rendering services to the patients round the clock. 8. E-Aushadi:- for proper Drug supply to the health facilities . 9. Thalli Bidda Expresses:– every women delivered in public Health facility is dropped back home safely. 10. Biometrics:- Iris and Aadhar enabled Biometric Attendance system has been implemented in the Health department. 11. Pradhana Manthri Surakshita Matrutva Abhiyan (PMSMA): To reduce Maternal & Infant deaths all Antenatal women will be examined by Medical Officers and Specialists on 9th of every month. 12. Mukyamantri e-EYE Centre : Through this programme all patients will get free EYE checkups , Free eye surgery ,free Spectacles at DH Paderu & AH Araku. 13. Hospital Sanitation Policy: To improve sanitation in the hospitals and maintain proper hygiene under better APVVP controlled health Institutions. District Officer: District Coordinator of Hospital Services, Alluri Seetharamaraju District. * Home * About District * History * Who’s Who * Map of District * Administrative Setup * Collectorate * Revenue Division * MANDALS * Village & Panchayats * Demography * Economy * Directory * Disaster Management * History of Collectors * Helpline * Public Utilities * Police stations * General Elections 2024 * Departments * District Mineral Foundation Trust * Horticulture * Health * Sainik Welfare * Tourism * News Letter * Tourism * Cultural Tourism * Eco Tourism * Forest Tourism * Religious Tourism * ODOP ASR DISTRICT * Public Representatives * MPs * MLAs * Govt Officials * All India Services * District Officers * Deputy Collectors & Tahslidars * MPDOs * DOCUMENTS * Permissions given by DOP, SDPO, SHOs * Citizen Charter * Govt. 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In the automobile industry following the increase in annual production we have reached a record of 17 million vehicles | 3,311 | IEA Close Search Search * About * News * Events * Programmes * Help centre IEASkip navigation Search * Energy system Chevron down Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector ![\\"Oil](\\" Fossil Fuels ![\\"Photo](\\" dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Renewables ![\\"photo](\\" Electricity ![\\"Low- emission](\\" Low-Emission Fuels ![\\"Transport\\"](\\" ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Transport ![\\"Tracking](\\" cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk- unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Industry ![\\"Tracking](\\" hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk- unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Buildings ![\\"Hector](\\" martinez-rUUpyVdSnek- unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&h=336&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Energy Efficiency and Demand ![\\"Ccus](\\" Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage ![\\"LED](\\" acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Decarbonisation Enablers * Buildings * Energy Efficiency and Demand * Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage * Decarbonisation Enablers Explore all * Topics Chevron down Understand the biggest energy challenges ![\\"Photo](\\" COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes ![\\"Russias](\\" Russia\'s War on Ukraine ![\\"50](\\" The IEA\'s 50th Anniversary ![\\"\\"](\\" unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&h=258&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Climate Change ![\\"\\"](\\" Access and Affordability ![\\"Electricity](\\" Energy Security ![\\"Thisisengineering](\\" unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") Energy and Gender ![\\"Aerial](\\" Net Zero Emissions ![\\"Investment](\\" Investment ![\\"Photo](\\" Energy and Water * Energy and Gender * Net Zero Emissions * Investment * Energy and Water * Fossil Fuel Subsidies * Saving Energy * Global Energy Crisis All topics * Countries Chevron down Explore the energy system by country or region ###### Member countries * Australia * Austria * Belgium * Canada * Czechia * Denmark * Estonia * Finland * France * Germany * Greece * Hungary * Ireland * Italy * Japan * Korea * Lithuania * Luxembourg * Mexico * New Zealand * Norway * Poland * Portugal * Slovak Republic * Spain * Sweden * Switzerland * The Netherlands * Türkiye * United Kingdom * United States ###### Accession countries * Chile * Colombia * Costa Rica * Israel * Latvia ###### Association countries * Argentina * Brazil * China * Egypt * India * Indonesia * Kenya * Morocco * Senegal * Singapore * South Africa * Thailand * Ukraine All Countries and Regions * DataChevron down Use, download and buy global energy data Data explorers Understand and manipulate data with easy to use explorers and trackers Data explorers Data sets Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download Data sets Policies database Past, existing or planned government policies and measures Policies database Chart Library Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis Chart Explore data * Reports Chevron down Read the latest analysis from the IEA * ## Global Hydrogen Review 2024 Fuel report — October 2024 ![\\"Global](\\" * ## Oil Market Report - September 2024 Fuel report — September 2024 ![\\"09](\\" * ![\\"Weo2023](\\" ## World Energy Outlook 2023 Flagship report — October 2023 * ![\\"photo](\\" ## Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach 2023 Update Flagship report — September 2023 All reports * Search * Bag 1 * User Profile * SearchFlyout close Email * Error Password * Forgot password? Error Sign inSign in ##### Create an account Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service. Join for freeJoin for free ![\\"Ev](\\" # Electric Vehicles 1. Energy system 2. Transport 3. Electric Vehicles Overview Tracking Programmes ### Why are electric vehicles important? Few areas in the world of clean energy are as dynamic as the electric car market. Recent years have seen healthy growth in sales together with improved range, wider model availability and increased performance. We estimate that more than one in five new cars sold in 2024 will be electric. ### What is the role of electric vehicles in clean energy transitions? Electric vehicles are the key technology to decarbonise road transport, a sector that accounts for around one-sixth of global emissions. Ambitious policies continue to be critical to growth in electric vehicle markets worldwide. ### Where do we need to go? If the EV sales growth experienced in recent years is sustained, CO2 emissions from cars can be put on a path in line with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario. However, despite huge growth in China, some European countries and some U.S. states, electric vehicles are not yet a global phenomenon. Sales in some countries, especially developing and emerging countries, have been slow due to typically higher purchase costs compared to conventional vehicles and a lack of charging infrastructure. ## Why are electric vehicles important? Chevron down Few areas in the world of clean energy are as dynamic as the electric car market. Recent years have seen healthy growth in sales together with improved range, wider model availability and increased performance. We estimate that more than one in five new cars sold in 2024 will be electric. ## What is the role of electric vehicles in clean energy transitions? Chevron down Electric vehicles are the key technology to decarbonise road transport, a sector that accounts for around one-sixth of global emissions. Ambitious policies continue to be critical to growth in electric vehicle markets worldwide. ## Where do we need to go? Chevron down If the EV sales growth experienced in recent years is sustained, CO2 emissions from cars can be put on a path in line with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario. However, despite huge growth in China, some European countries and some U.S. states, electric vehicles are not yet a global phenomenon. Sales in some countries, especially developing and emerging countries, have been slow due to typically higher purchase costs compared to conventional vehicles and a lack of charging infrastructure. ## Latest findings Previous slideNext slide #### Electric car sales break new records with momentum expected to continue through 2024 Electric car markets are seeing robust growth as sales neared 14 million in 2023. The share of electric cars in total sales has increased from around 4% in 2020 to 18% in 2023. EV sales are expected to continue strongly through 2024. Over 3 million electric cars were sold in the first quarter, about 25% more than in the same period last year. We currently expect to see around 17 million in sales by the end of 2024, representing a more than 20% year-on-year increase with new purchases accelerating in the second half of this year. As a result, electric cars could account for over one in five cars sold across the full calendar year. National policies and incentives, along with increasing price competition, will help bolster sales. Based on current policies and trends, the rollout of electric vehicles is set to avoid the need for nearly 6 million barrels of oil a day by 2030. Global EV Outlook 2024: Trends in electric carscircle-arrow ### Electric car sales, 2012-2024 Openexpand #### The pace of the transition to electric vehicles hinges on their affordability Electric cars are getting cheaper as competition intensifies, particularly in China, but they remain more expensive than cars with internal combustion engines in other markets. A rapid transition to EVs will require bringing to market more affordable models. In China, we estimate that more than 60% of electric cars sold in 2023 were already cheaper than their average combustion engine equivalent. However, electric cars remain 10% to 50% more expensive than combustion engine equivalents in Europe and the United States, depending on the country and car segment. In 2023, two-thirds of available electric models globally were large cars, pick-up trucks or sports utility vehicles, pushing up average prices. When exactly price parity is reached is subject to a range of market variables, but current trends suggest that it could be reached by 2030 in major EV markets outside China for most models. Global EV Outlook 2024: Executive Summarycircle-arrow ### Price gap between the sales-weighted average price of conventional and electric cars in selected countries, before subsidy, by size, in 2018 and 2022 Openexpand #### Three major markets dominated global EV sales in 2023 Electric vehicles are the key technology to decarbonise road transport, a sector that accounts for over 15% of global energy-related emissions. In 2023, three markets dominated global sales. China was the frontrunner once again, accounting for around 60% of global electric car sales. In Europe, electric car sales increased almost 20% in 2023, reaching a sales share over 20%. Electric car sales in the United States increased over 40% in 2023, reaching a sales share of around 10%. Global EV Outlook 2024: Trends in electric carscircle-arrow ### Electric car registrations and sales share in China, United States and Europe, 2018-2023 Openexpand ## Tracking Electric Vehicles On track electric vehicles are the key technology to decarbonise road transport, a sector that accounts for over 15% of global energy-related emissions. Recent years have seen strong growth in the sale of electric vehicles together with improved range, wider model availability and increased performance. Passenger electric cars are surging in popularity – we estimate that 18% of new cars sold in 2023 will be electric. If the growth experienced in the past two years is sustained, CO2 emissions from cars can by 2030 be put on a pathway aligned with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario. However, electric vehicles are not yet a global phenomenon. Sales in some countries, especially developing and emerging countries, have been slow due to typically higher purchase costs compared to conventional vehicles and a lack of charging infrastructure. ### Country and regional highlights Chevron down China, Europe and the United States remain the leading electric vehicle markets China, Europe and the United States remain the leading electric vehicle markets Countries and regions making notable progress to advance electric cars include: * Norway continues to lead in rates of electric vehicle (EV) deployment, with the share of electric car sales reaching 93% in 2023. * China accounted for nearly 60% of all new electric car registrations globally in 2023. The share of electric cars in total domestic car sales reached over 35% in China in 2023, up from 29% in 2022, thereby achieving the 2025 national target of a 20% sales share for so-called new energy vehicles (NEVs)1well in advance. * In December 2023, Canada amended its GHG regulations to include new requirements to increase the availability of zero-emission passenger cars and light trucks, targeting at least 20% zero-emission vehicle sales by 2026, at least 60% by 2030 and 100% zero-emission vehicle sales by 2035. * Both the United States and the European Union recently adopted emissions standards for heavy-duty vehicles, which will support electric truck and bus adoption in the coming years. _1_ NEVs (China) include BEVs, PHEVs and fuel-cell electric vehicles. ### Technology deployment Chevron down Global electric car sales exceeded 14 million in 2023 Global electric car sales exceeded 14 million in 2023 ### Electric car sales and sales share in the Net Zero Scenario, 2015-2030 Openexpand Electric car sales in 2023 were 3.5 million higher than in 2022, a 35% year- on-year increase. This is more than six times higher than in 2018, just 5 years earlier. In 2023, there were over 250 000 new registrations per week, which is more than the annual total in 2013, ten years earlier. Electric cars accounted for around 18% of all cars sold in 2023, up from 14% in 2022 and only 2% 5 years earlier, in 2018. In the NZE Scenario, electric car sales reach around 65% of total car sales in 2030. To get on track with this scenario, electric car sales must increase by an average of 23% per year from 2024 to 2030. For comparison, electric car sales increased by almost 35% in 2023 compared to 2022. Electrification is also happening in other vehicle segments, though in 2023 the electric sales share of buses and trucks was only around 3% and 1%, respectively. For further data on historical and projected EV sales and stock, see the IEA Global EV Data Explorer. ### Energy Chevron down Electric vehicles avoid oil consumption Electric vehicles avoid oil consumption The global EV fleet consumed about 130 TWh of electricity in 2023, which accounted for about 0.5% of current total final electricity consumption worldwide. The use of EVs displaced around 0.9 Mb/d (2 EJ) of oil in 2023. EVs would need to displace around 8.2 Mb/d (18 EJ) of oil in 2030 to be in step with the NZE Scenario. ### Electricity demand resulting from the use of electric vehicles, 2023 Openexpand ### Oil displacement resulting from the use of electric vehicles, 2023 Openexpand ### Technology manufacturing Chevron down Announced battery manufacturing capacity for 2030 would more than fulfil demand for electric vehicle batteries in the NZE Scenario, with existing and committed projects covering over 90% of the deployment needs Announced battery manufacturing capacity for 2030 would more than fulfil demand for electric vehicle batteries in the NZE Scenario, with existing and committed projects covering over 90% of the deployment needs ### Announced electric vehicle battery manufacturing capacity by region and manufacturing capacity needed in the Net Zero Scenario, 2021-2030 Openexpand Battery production has been ramping up quickly in the past few years to keep pace with increasing demand. In 2023, battery manufacturing reached 2.5 TWh, adding 780 GWh of capacity relative to 2022. The capacity added in 2023 was over 25% higher than in 2022. Global battery manufacturing capacity by 2030, if announcements are completed in full and on time, could exceed 9 TWh by 2030, of which about 70% is already operational or otherwise committed. When assuming a maximum utilisation rate of 85%, this translates to the potential for almost 8 TWh of batteries to be produced in 2030, of which over 5.5 TWh is from plants already operational today and those with committed announcements. This level of production would be sufficient to meet global deployment needs in the APS and over 90% of the deployment needs in the NZE Scenario by 2030. ### Innovation Chevron down Alternative battery chemistries are gaining prominence, helping ease pressure on critical mineral supply Alternative battery chemistries are gaining prominence, helping ease pressure on critical mineral supply Critical mineral price volatility and supply chain constraints pose a possible obstacle in achieving the EV deployment levels needed to get on a pathway aligned with the NZE Scenario. Today, lithium-ion batteries account for almost the entire EV battery market, and most of the common chemistries rely on the critical minerals lithium, cobalt and nickel. In 2023, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries – the only lithium-ion battery chemistry which does not use nickel or cobalt – reached their highest market share of the past decade, at over 40%. This was in part due to price volatility of battery metals, making LFP batteries more attractive despite their lower energy density. Supply chains for sodium-ion batteries – currently the only viable lithium- free battery alternative – are also being established. If manufactured at scale, sodium-ion batteries could cost up to 20% less than lithium-ion batteries, however, the current energy density of these batteries is lower. For more information * Explore the IEA\'s Clean Energy Technology Guidecircle-arrow ### Supporting infrastructure Chevron down The number of public charging points is increasing, but deployment must accelerate The number of public charging points is increasing, but deployment must accelerate ### Publicly accessible light-duty vehicle charging points in the Net Zero Scenario, 2015-2030 Openexpand While most charging demand is currently met by home charging, publicly accessible chargers are increasingly needed in order to provide the same level of convenience and accessibility as for refuelling conventional vehicles. At the end of 2023, there were 3.9 million public charging points worldwide, more than 1.1 million of which were installed in 2023, an increase of more 40% compared to 2022 stock. At the end of 2023 China was home to about 70% of the global stock of public chargers. Europe ranks second, with around 725 000 total public chargers in 2023, a 35% increase from the previous year. By 2030, the NZE Scenario requires a stock of 17 million publicly available charging points, which would entail a year-on-year increase of around 23% per year. ### Policy Chevron down More ambitious policy making sets the course for zero-emission driving More ambitious policy making sets the course for zero-emission driving Newly adopted and proposed GHG standards and zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) mandates will ensure increased adoption of EVs in the future. Recent examples include: * In 2023, the United Kingdom passed the Vehicle Emissions Trading Schemes Order 2023, which mandates certain sales shares of zero-emission cars and vans, setting a target for annual ZEV sales shares for cars to increase from 22% in 2024 to 80% in 2030. * In December 2023, Canada amended its GHG regulations to include new requirements to increase the availability of zero-emission passenger cars and light trucks, targeting at least 20% zero-emission vehicle sales by 2026, at least 60% by 2030 and 100% zero-emission vehicle sales by 2035. * In 2024, the EU formally adopted stricter CO2 standards for heavy-duty vehicles, which increases targets for CO2 emissions reductions to 45% by 2030 relative to 2019, 65% by 2035, and 90% by 2040. * In March 2024, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final rulemaking for Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles, which it estimates could bring electric car sales to around 70% of total sales in 2032. In the same month, the US EPA also finalised GHG standards for HDVs for model years 2028-2032, which aims to reduce emissions from trucks and heavy buses by 25-60% in 2032 compared to 2026. View all electric vehicles policies * Global EV Policy Explorercircle-arrow ### Investment Chevron down Global spending on electric cars continues to increase Global spending on electric cars continues to increase Battery and EV manufacturers have faced new challenges and opportunities as major markets including the United States and the European Union introduced new industrial policies. Domestic content requirements introduced by these policies have supported the expansion plans of major battery and EV manufacturers, with billions in investments already committed as of early 2024. Worldwide, reported investment announcements from 2022 and 2023 alone exceed USD 275 billion in EVs and USD 195 billion in batteries, with around USD 190 billion of the total already committed. The level of investments observed in the past 2 years boosts confidence in the electrification of road transport. While investments that are already committed today tend to be more heavily geared towards battery than to EV manufacturing, it is important to note that battery manufacturing and EV expansion plans typically go hand in hand, often being situated close to demand centres to create integrated supply chains. This close collaboration is important in order to deliver on targets, avoid bottlenecks and decrease costs. In addition, if committed EV battery manufacturing capacity outpaces demand from EV manufacturers, it is unlikely that it would find alternative outlets, as other key battery markets such as consumer electronics are already well supplied and have different technical specifications. Failure to deliver on EV manufacturing capacity and sales therefore creates a risk of massive sunk investment in battery manufacturing, if manufacturers are unable to export significant quantities. ### International collaboration Chevron down A multiplying number of international initiatives and pledges aim to accelerate electric vehicle adoption A multiplying number of international initiatives and pledges aim to accelerate electric vehicle adoption The number of multilateral initiatives and pledges focusing on electromobility has increased rapidly in the last decade. This reflects government support around the world for accelerating the transition to zero-emission transport and is an encouraging sign that international collaboration has a strong role to play in decarbonisation. To increase the impact of such initiatives, member countries should ensure that such schemes complement each other, and identify where in the EV value chain they should focus. Major initiatives include: * The Accelerating to Zero (A2Z) coalition, officially launched in November 2022, aims for all sales of new cars and vans globally to be ZEVs by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets. To date, the declaration has been signed by 40 national governments spanning six continents. * The Zero-Emission Government Fleet Declaration, signed in September 2022, aims to reach 100% zero-emission cars and vans in government fleets, with an additional aspiration of 100% zero-emission trucks and buses acquisitions, by no later than 2035. * The Zero-Emission Vehicle Emerging Markets Initiative, launched in November 2022, aims to enhance co-operation between public and private actors in EMDEs to accelerate the transition to zero-emission road transport. * The Global Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Zero-Emission Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles was launched in 2021, with signatories committing to work together to achieve 100% ZEV bus and truck sales by 2040, with an interim goal of 30% by 2030. In 2023, an additional six countries and territories signed the MoU, bringing the total number of signatories to 33, which combined represent almost 25% of the global medium- and heavy-duty truck market. ### Private sector strategies Chevron down Automakers are increasingly setting voluntary electric vehicle targets Automakers are increasingly setting voluntary electric vehicle targets In total, more than 20 OEMs, together representing over 90% of car sales in 2023, have set some sort of target for future EV deployment. The global electric car sales envisaged in announcements by manufacturers have increased by several percentage points based on developments over the past year. If all manufacturers’ targets on vehicle electrification are combined, between 42% and 58% of car sales in 2030 could be electric. This range encompasses the sales share for cars in the STEPS (almost 45%) and the share implied by government ambitions in the APS (almost 50%). ### Newly announced and updated electrification targets for light-duty vehicles Automaker | Target | Region | Group / Brand ---|---|---|--- Volkswagen | Increased BEV delivery target from 50% to 55% in 2030 | United States | Brand Volkswagen | Increased BEV delivery target from 70% to 80% in 2030 | Europe | Brand Ampere | Announced target of 300 000 BEV sales in 2025 and 1 million in 2031 | Europe | Brand Togg | Targets delivery of 1 million electric cars by 2030 | Europe | Brand Toyota | Accelerated production target to 20% EV by 2026 | Europe | Brand Nissan | Announced 100% BEV sales from 2030 | Europe | Group Suzuki | Presented strategy to reach 80% BEV sales share in 2030 | Europe | Group Suzuki | Presented strategy to reach 15% BEV sales share in 2030 | India | Group Suzuki | Presented strategy to reach 20% BEV sales share in 2030 | Japan | Group Subaru | Announced more ambitious target of 50% BEV sales in 2030 | Global | Group Hyundai | Raised ambition to sell 2 million EVs annually by 2030 | Global | Brand Kia | Increased 2030 EV sales target to 1.6 million | Global | Brand Tata | Announced plan to sell 50% EVs by 2030 | Global | Brand SAIC | Increased ambition from 40% to 50% ZEV sales by 2025 | Global | Group Geely | Increased ambition from 40% to 50% ZEV sales by 2025 | Global | Group For more information on OEM announcements, please see the Global EV Outlook 2024. ## Recommendations 1. #### 1 Maintain and adapt support for electric cars Chevron down As the electric car market matures and prices become competitive, reliance on direct subsidies must decrease and eventually be phased out. Budget-neutral “feebate” programmes – which tax inefficient ICE vehicles to finance subsidies for low-emission or EV purchases – can be a useful transition policy tool. Stringent vehicle efficiency and/or CO2 standards have promoted EV adoption in most leading EV markets and should be adopted by all countries seeking to hasten the transition to electromobility. 2. #### 2 Kickstart the heavy-duty market Chevron down Electric buses and trucks are becoming competitive on a total cost-of- ownership basis across an increasing number of applications. Policy-led deployment can help kickstart this sector. ZEV sales mandates, purchase incentives and CO2 standards can all help speed up the transition. 3. #### 3 Promote adoption in emerging and developing economies Chevron down Electrification of road transport in emerging and developing economies should prioritise two/three-wheelers and urban buses, as these vehicle types are the most cost-competitive. Price signals and charging infrastructure availability can also help the economic case for electrification. In emerging EV markets, efforts should be made to establish and tighten fuel economy and emission standards, and to facilitate electric grid development. 4. #### 4 Expand EV infrastructure and smart grids Chevron down Governments should continue to support the deployment of publicly available charging infrastructure at least until there are enough EVs on the road for an operator to sustain a charging network. Continued government support, either through regulations requiring the building out of charging stations or through fiscal policies and support, should ensure equitable access to charging for all communities to ensure that no-one is left behind in the transition. Incentivising and facilitating the installation of home chargers in existing parking spaces is important. Co-ordinated plans on grid expansion and enhancements, including digital technologies to facilitate two-way communication and pricing between EVs and grids, are needed now to ensure that EVs can become a resource for grid stability rather than a challenge. 5. #### 5 Ensure secure, resilient and sustainable EV supply chains Chevron down Electrifying road transport requires a wide range of raw material inputs. While all stages of the supply chain must scale up, extraction and processing is particularly critical due to long lead times. Governments must leverage private investment in the sustainable mining of critical battery metals and ensure clear and rapid permitting procedures to avoid potential supply bottlenecks. Innovation and alternative chemistries that require smaller amounts of critical minerals, as well as extensive battery recycling, can ease demand pressure and avoid bottlenecks. Incentivising battery “rightsizing” and the adoption of smaller cars can also decrease demand for critical metals. Governments should ensure the traceability of key EV components and monitor progress of ambitious environmental and social development goals at every stage of battery and EV supply chains. Last update on 6 June 2024 Authors and contributors ## Programmes and partnerships ### Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technology Collaboration The Programme aims to produce analysis and share knowledge on topics related to the development and deployment of hybrid and electric vehicles. Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) ### Global EV Data Explorer Explore historical and projected data on electric vehicles sales, stock, charging infrastructure and oil displacement Use data explorer Get data card data set ## Related content All Data Reports News and commentaries All resultscircle-arrow ## Energy Policy Inventory A snapshot of global energy policies tracking over 5 000 policies in 50 G20 and IEA Family countries Data explorer card data set ## EV Life Cycle Assessment Calculator Explore and compare the lifecycle emissions of conventional and electric cars and the effect of changing variables such as vehicle size Data explorer card data set ## SUVs are setting new sales records each year – and so are their emissions Commentary — 28 May 2024 ## Critical Minerals Data Explorer Global demand projections for 37 critical minerals needed for clean energy transitions across the three main IEA scenarios and 11 technology-specific cases Data explorer card data set ## Global EV Data Explorer Explore historical and projected data on electric vehicles sales, stock, charging infrastructure and oil displacement Data explorer card data set ## Global EV Policy Explorer Key policies and measures that support the deployment of electric and zero- emission vehicles Data explorer card data set ![\\"Photo](\\" ## Global EV Outlook 2024 Moving towards increased affordability Flagship report — April 2024 ## Clean energy is boosting economic growth Commentary — 18 April 2024 ![\\"Weo2023](\\" ## World Energy Outlook 2023 Flagship report — October 2023 ## Road transport Net Zero Emissions Guide Technology report — September 2023 ## ETP Clean Energy Technology Guide Interactive database of over 550 individual technology designs and components across the whole energy system that contribute to achieving the goal of net- zero emissions Data explorer card data set ## Facilitating Decarbonisation in Emerging Economies Through Smart Charging Report — August 2023 ## Electric Vehicle Charging and Grid Integration Tool Quantify and visualise the charging demand profile for different vehicle classes and charging use cases Data explorer card data set ## Transitioning India’s Road Transport Sector Realising climate and air quality benefits Country report — July 2023 ![\\"Cover](\\" ## The State of Clean Technology Manufacturing An Energy Technology Perspectives Special Briefing Report — May 2023 ![\\"the](\\" ## How can smart charging steer electric vehicle uptake in India? Commentary — 12 May 2023 ![\\"Gevo](\\" ## Global EV Outlook 2023 Flagship report — April 2023 ## Why the European Union needs bold and broad strategies for critical minerals Commentary — 07 March 2023 ## Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles A manual for policy makers Technology report — December 2022 ![\\"Electric](\\" ![\\"World](\\" ## World Energy Outlook 2022 Flagship report — October 2022 ## Securing Clean Energy Technology Supply Chains Technology report — July 2022 ![\\"Securing](\\" ## Policy Brief on Public Charging Infrastructure Promoting successful roll-out strategies and business models Report — April 2022 ## Electric cars fend off supply challenges to more than double global sales Commentary — 30 January 2022 ## Clean Energy Transition Indicators Tracking clean energy transitions through key indicators Data explorer card data set ![\\"Critical](\\" image8.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=1034%2C0%2C1988%2C2698&w=348&h=472&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") ## The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions Flagship report — May 2021 ## Carbon emissions fell across all sectors in 2020 except for one – SUVs Commentary — 15 January 2021 ## As the Covid-19 crisis hammers the auto industry, electric cars remain a bright spot Commentary — 18 May 2020 ## Empowering electricity consumers to lower their carbon footprint Commentary — 15 January 2020 ## Is government support for EVs contributing to a low-emissions future? Commentary — 10 October 2019 ## Global energy investment stabilised above USD 1.8 trillion in 2018, but security and sustainability concerns are growing News — 14 May 2019 ## Shared, automated… and electric? Commentary — 28 March 2019 ## Back to the future Commentary — 16 October 2018 ## Strong policy and falling battery costs drive another record year for electric cars News — 30 May 2018 ## Electric vehicles have another record year, reaching 2 million cars in 2016 News — 07 June 2017 ## ETP 2017 maps major transformations in energy technologies over next decades News — 06 June 2017 ## IEA examines critical interplay between digital and energy systems News — 13 April 2017 ![\\"Fatih](\\" ## Cities lead the way on clean and decentralized energy solutions News — 06 April 2017 ## Running fast to stand still Commentary — 27 March 2017 ## 2015: the year electric vehicles went mainstream News — 05 October 2016 ## Global energy investment down 8% in 2015 with flows signalling move towards cleaner energy News — 16 September 2016 ## Cities are at the frontline of the energy transition News — 07 September 2016 ## Clean-energy innovation essential to meeting climate goals News — 04 May 2015 ## IEA encourages Luxembourg to push for a smart, sustainable energy and transport system News — 16 July 2014 ## Progress towards clean energy has stalled, IEA says News — 17 April 2013 ## Global EV Outlook 2024 Global EV Outlook 2024 data Data set Free card data set Previous slideNext slide ## Explore more Energy systemcircle-arrow ![\\"Electrification\\"](\\" ### Electrification ![\\"Shutterstock](\\" ### Smart Grids ![\\"Transport\\"](\\" ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format\\") ### Cars and Vans ![\\"Demand](\\" ### Demand Response Previous slideNext slide ###### The Energy Mix Get updates on the IEA’s latest news, analysis, data and events delivered twice monthly. 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In the automobile industry following the increase in annual production we have reached a record of 17 million vehicles | 3,311 | icon-branding Events Icon Created with Sketch. Inventory Icon Created with Sketch. icon-mail-hovericon-mail Marketing Icon Created with Sketch. icon- operationsicon-phone-hovericon-phone Product Training Icon Created with Sketch. Sales Icon Created with Sketch. Service Icon Created with Sketch. icon-social-fb-hovericon-social-fbicon-social-google-hovericon-social- googleicon-social-linkedin-hovericon-social-linkedinicon-social-rss-hovericon- social-rss icon-social-twitter Created with Sketch. icon-social-twitter- hovericon-social-twittericon-social-youtube-hovericon-social-youtube * Support: 855-COX-AUTO * International * Careers ![\\"Cox](\\" content/themes/coxautoinc/dist/images/logo-brand-stacked.svg\\") Toggle Mobile Menu * Brands * Autotrader * Central Dispatch * Dealer.com * Dealertrack * EV Battery Solutions * FleetNet America * Fleet Services * Kelley Blue Book * Manheim * NextGear Capital * vAuto * VinSolutions * Xtime * Solutions * Marketing * Advertise OnlineDigital Advertising * Create Your WebsiteDealer Websites * Deal CentralIntelligent Deal Making * Manage Your Social CommunitySocial & Reputation Management * Measure Marketing PerformanceMarketing Analytics * Merchandise Your VehiclesDeliver an immersive online car shopping experience. * Rank Higher in Search ResultsSearch Engine Optimization (SEO) * Sales * Customer Relationship Management (CRM) * Access Credit App NetworkCredit App Processing * Digital RetailingAccelerate My Deal * Connect Your Sales & F&I ProcessesAftermarket Selling, Contracting, Compliance * Manage Rebates & IncentivesRates and Incentives tools * Deal CentralIntelligent Deal Making * Ecommerce * Fixed Ops * Attract and Retain more Fixed-Ops BusinessScheduling, Check-In, Inspection, Marketing, Analytics * Back Office * Run Your DealershipDMS, Accounting, Parts Management, Analytics, Doc Management, Payroll/HR * Registration & TitlingTrade-In Titling, In State Registration and Title, Out of State Registration and Title * DMS+A modern, intuitive approach to dealership operations. * Inventory * Acquire & Dispose of CarsBuy & sell inventory on your terms in-lane & online. * Attract Trade-In CustomersBuild inventory, engage more leads, speed up the deal. * Floor Plan CarsGet the buying power you need for the inventory you want. * Merchandise Your VehiclesDeliver an immersive online car shopping experience. * Plan & Optimize InventoryTurn your dealership into a turnover machine. * Protect Wholesale PurchasesTake the risk out of wholesale buying & selling. * Recondition CarsIncrease ROI, save time & free up fixed ops staff. * Transport CarsGet vehicles to your lot faster. * Self-Inspect CarsStarter vehicle inspections – in the palm of your hand. * Electrification * Battery SolutionsLeading the world in end-to-end battery life cycle solutions. * Fleet Solutions * Fleet ServicesCox Automotive is a trusted nationwide fleet partner delivering industry-leading maintenance with safety, expertise, and best-in-class technicians. * Managed MaintenanceFleetNet America gets you back on the road faster than any other fleet maintenance company in the U.S. * Lender Solutions * Application & Contract Processing, Title Management, APIs * APIs: digital retailing and valuations * Newsroom * Latest News * Market Insights & Outlook * Auto Market Snapshot * Learning Center * Press Releases * Press Contacts * Newsroom Contributors * About Us Contact us * Contact us * Support: 855-COX-AUTO * International * Careers 8 min read #### Press Releases # Cox Automotive’s Forecast: 2024 – A Return to Normalcy in the U.S. Auto Market Wednesday January 3, 2024 ### Share Facebook Share Twitter Tweet Linkedin Share Email Email ### Article Highlights 1. Constrained economic expansion will translate to slow growth across the new, used and wholesale auto markets, but 2024 is expected to be the best year for car buyers since the pandemic. 2. New-vehicle inventory is expected to reach pre-pandemic norms in 2024, leading to downward pressure on transaction prices for consumers and compressed margins and lower profitability for dealers. 3. Cox Automotive expects 2024 to be the Year of More for EVs – more models, more incentives, more discounting, more advertising, and more sales muscle. ATLANTA, Jan. 3, 2024 – For the U.S. auto market, the word that will likely sum up 2024 is “normalcy,” according to Cox Automotive’s Forecast: 2024. Powered by the best data and keenest insights, Cox Automotive developed five themes that offer a collective vision and valuable perspective on the road ahead for the U.S. auto industry. Running throughout the five themes is a welcome return to normalcy after four years of everything but normal, with nothing in the data suggesting surges in any direction, as the industry witnessed in 2021 and 2022. “A decade from now, when we look back at the years immediately following the global pandemic of 2020, we’ll be awed by the dramatic swings and unprecedented circumstances the economy and auto market endured,” said Cox Automotive Chief Economist Jonathan Smoke. “To name a few, we saw historic appreciation in vehicle values, unimagined drops in supply, and interest rates moving from all-time lows to 23-year highs at an unforgiving pace. The past four years have been chaotic, even by auto industry standards, and have shifted many normal seasonal patterns out of whack, which adds to the difficulty of forecasting what comes next.” For 2024, the Cox Automotive Economic and Industry Insights team sees the U.S. auto market being steered by five key themes. ## 1\. Slow Growth Ahead, But It Sure Beats a Recession. Cox Automotive expects that the economy in 2024 will experience weak growth but will not experience a recession. High interest rates and declining inflation will likely continue, limiting consumer spending. Job and income growth may slow down. The labor market, which significantly contributes to vehicle sales in the U.S. market, is expected to weaken. However, unemployment levels will remain low enough to support a healthy auto industry. Meanwhile, wage growth may cool in 2024 but will stay above average. Although the possibility of higher loan rates is still on the table, the expectation is for rates to come down from record highs in the year ahead. Though the downward trend likely won’t be significant, any decline will help improve vehicle affordability and relieve many households struggling financially. Consumer debt is expected to grow slowly in 2024, while credit remains tight but stable. Consumer spending will likely slow down, but it should remain healthy enough to support constrained growth. Overall, the economy in 2024 may not be very exciting, but that is much better than the instability of a recession. ## 2\. Vehicle Supply Is Back, Favoring Consumers, Placing Downward Pressure on Prices. In 2024, Cox Automotive is expecting new-vehicle inventory to rise, incentives to be higher and discounting to increase. New inventory is expected to reach pre-pandemic norms in 2024, with almost 3 million units available, or three times the amount during the chip shortage. Days’ supply will stay healthy. New-vehicle transaction prices are expected to decline moderately. The increase in inventory is expected to lead to higher incentives and discounts; however, we won’t see incentives at the record highs reached in 2019 when discounting exceeded 10% of transaction prices and the new-vehicle market was pushed above 17 million units for a 5th consecutive year according to Kelley Blue Book counts. Market forces will likely exert downward pressure on vehicle prices, further improving consumer affordability. With higher supply and lower prices, new-vehicle sales in 2024 are expected to gain over 2023, but market growth will be constrained, with an increase of less than 2% expected and the market new-vehicle market reaching sales of 15.7 million1 sales. Retail new-vehicle sales are forecast to be mostly flat in the year ahead, with fleet sales continuing to improve, although at a pace slower than 2023. In 2024, the used-vehicle market is expected to grow by less than 1%. The total number of used vehicles sold is expected to reach 36.2 million, with 19.2 million vehicles sold via retail channels. Certified pre-owned (CPO) sales are expected to reach 2.7 million units, up 3% from 2023. Limited production between 2020 and 2022 has led to a scarcity of prime, available CPO products despite strong demand. In the wholesale market, Manheim operations are expected to experience constrained growth with a volume increase of less than 1%. While the volumes of repossessions, rentals, and off-lease vehicles are expected to increase compared to the previous year, they are still likely to remain below pre- pandemic levels. As for price patterns, we anticipate a normalization trend, and we predict that 2024 will be the first year in five where we will experience fairly normal depreciation. ## 3\. In 2024, We Officially Bid Farewell to the Seller’s Market. In 2024, dealerships will face the challenge of finding more efficient ways to protect their profit margins. The good news is that the margins for used vehicles and fixed operations are expected to remain relatively strong. However, sales departments for new vehicles will be challenged due to an increase in manufacturer’s suggested retail prices (MSRPs) and invoice prices – thanks to material and labor costs and a further shift to pricier models – and downward pressure on transaction prices. For many dealers, their profits will also be affected by higher floor plan costs and the need to invest in infrastructure to support the growing sales of electric vehicles. Heading into 2024, dealers are less optimistic about the future due to interest rates and weaker profits. ## 4\. In the Electric Vehicle Market, 2024 Will Be the Year of More – More Models, More Incentives, More Discounting, More Advertising, and More Sales Muscle. Demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing, and dealers and manufacturers know that selling more EVs will require additional effort. The expectations for EV growth in the U.S. market have shifted from “rosy to reality” as sales increase, but customer acceptance of EVs isn’t keeping pace. Nevertheless, Cox Automotive expects 2024 to be the Year of More for EVs. The Cox Automotive team expects that the automobile industry will fully acknowledge the need to convince average consumers of the benefits of electric vehicles. They also believe that many consumers may not easily be convinced. However, with more electric vehicle models available, more incentives, more discounts, more advertising, and greater sales efforts, Cox Automotive still expects that electric vehicle sales in the U.S. will exceed the 1-million-unit record set in 2023. Furthermore, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids, and hybrids combined are likely to account for almost 24% of the market, with electric vehicles alone accounting for more than 10% of total sales. Although fewer electric vehicles (EVs) may now qualify for the Inflation Reduction Act tax credits due to new guidelines, the federal incentives will still encourage consumers to purchase EVs. Furthermore, leasing of electric vehicles is expected to increase from approximately 20% to 25%. Meanwhile, the used EV market is expected to be the fastest-growing segment of the wholesale/used-vehicle market. ## 5\. Car Buying in America: Normal is Nice. After four years of anything but normal, Cox Automotive expects balance to return to the U.S. auto market in 2024. This will lead to more options, better deals, and easier access to online buying tools for American consumers and fleet buyers. We anticipate that 2024 will be the best year for car buyers since the pandemic. Our research suggests that Americans are putting more emphasis on buying/owning personal transportation, in contrast to 2018, when consumers put a higher value on “access to transportation.” After tumbling in 2021 and 2022, satisfaction with the car buying process is expected to improve in the year ahead, thanks in part to better inventory and the return of discounting, but also from improved processes at the dealership that save time and make car buying more efficient. Sales growth will be weak and constrained in 2024, which is a more normal state compared to the chaos of the past four years. Although the headline- making swings in economic trends are always interesting to analyze, such turbulence is rarely good news for businesses over the longer term. From the current viewpoint – and unless any unforeseeable events occur – the forecast for the automotive market in 2024 is fairly normal. This might not make headlines, but it should be a welcome relief for everyone involved. Download the infographic About Cox AutomotiveCox Automotive is the world’s largest automotive services and technology provider. Fueled by the largest breadth of first-party data fed by 2.3 billion online interactions a year, Cox Automotive tailors leading solutions for car shoppers, automakers, dealers, retailers, lenders and fleet owners. The company has 25,000+ employees on five continents and a family of trusted brands that includes Autotrader®, Dealertrack®, Kelley Blue Book®, Manheim®, NextGear Capital™ and vAuto®. Cox Automotive is a subsidiary of Cox Enterprises Inc., a privately-owned, Atlanta-based company with $22 billion in annual revenue. Visit coxautoinc.com or connect via @CoxAutomotive on X, CoxAutoInc on Facebook or Cox-Automotive-Inc on LinkedIn. Media Contacts:Mark Schirmer734 883 [email protected] Dara Hailes470 658 [email protected] 1 Full-year 2024 forecast updated to 15.7 million on Jan. 8, 2024, following final analysis of FY2023 sales. ### Sign up here to receive bi-weekly updates on news and trends dominating the automotive industry. * ## @CoxAutomotive Tweets by @CoxAutomotive Follow us on Twitter ##### Tags sales forecast ## Related Content 6 min read Press Releases Cox Automotive Introduces Retail360 ATLANTA, Sept. 30, 2024 - Cox Automotive, the world’s largest automotive services and technology provider, today annou... Read Article 5 min read Press Releases Cox Automotive Leaves 2024 New-Vehicle Sales Forecast Unchanged as September Volume Drops; Year-to-Date Sales Up Less Than 1% Compared to 2023 Updated, Oct. 3, 2024 – New-vehicle sales in September came in near 1.17 million, down 12.8% year over year and roughl... Read Article 8 min read Press Releases U.S. Automobile Dealer Sentiment Stumbles in Q3 as Political Climate Heats Up ATLANTA, Sept. 6, 2024 – The Q3 2024 Cox Automotive Dealer Sentiment Index (CADSI) shows automobile dealers in the U.S... 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Join for freeJoin for free logo Open Navigation Contents Cite Share Download full report arrow-down arrow-down-24 ###### Trends in electric cars Close Side navigation * Executive summary * Trends in electric cars * Electric car sales * Electric car availability and affordability * Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles * Electric two- and three-wheelers * Electric light commercial vehicles * Trends in heavy electric vehicles * Electric truck and bus sales * Electric heavy-duty vehicle model availability * Trends in electric vehicle charging * Charging for electric light-duty vehicles * Charging for electric heavy-duty vehicles * Trends in electric vehicle batteries * Battery supply and demand * Battery prices * Trends in the electric vehicle industry * Electric vehicle company strategy and market competition * Electric vehicle and battery start-ups * Outlook for electric mobility * Vehicle outlook by mode * Vehicle outlook by region * The industry outlook * Outlook for electric vehicle charging infrastructure * Light-duty vehicle charging * Heavy-duty vehicle charging * Outlook for battery and energy demand * Battery demand * Electricity demand * Oil displacement * Outlook for emissions reductions * Well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions * Lifecycle impacts of electric cars #### Cite report Close dialog IEA (2024), Global EV Outlook 2024, IEA, Paris Licence: CC BY 4.0 Copy to clipboard #### Share this report Close dialog * Share on Twitter Twitter * Share on Facebook Facebook * Share on LinkedIn LinkedIn * Share on Email Email * Share on Print Print #### Report options Close dialog Download Global EV Outlook 2024Global EV Outlook 2024 ## Trends in electric cars ###### Electric car sales #### Nearly one in five cars sold in 2023 was electric Electric car sales neared 14 million in 2023, 95% of which were in China, Europe and the United States Almost 14 million new electric cars1 were registered globally in 2023, bringing their total number on the roads to 40 million, closely tracking the sales forecast from the 2023 edition of the Global EV Outlook (GEVO-2023). Electric car sales in 2023 were 3.5 million higher than in 2022, a 35% year- on-year increase. This is more than six times higher than in 2018, just 5 years earlier. In 2023, there were over 250 000 new registrations per week, which is more than the annual total in 2013, ten years earlier. Electric cars accounted for around 18% of all cars sold in 2023, up from 14% in 2022 and only 2% 5 years earlier, in 2018. These trends indicate that growth remains robust as electric car markets mature. Battery electric cars accounted for 70% of the electric car stock in 2023. ### Global electric car stock, 2013-2023 Openexpand While sales of electric cars are increasing globally, they remain significantly concentrated in just a few major markets. In 2023, just under 60% of new electric car registrations were in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter ‘China’), just under 25% in Europe,2 and 10% in the United States – corresponding to nearly 95% of global electric car sales combined. In these countries, electric cars account for a large share of local car markets: more than one in three new car registrations in China was electric in 2023, over one in five in Europe, and one in ten in the United States. However, sales remain limited elsewhere, even in countries with developed car markets such as Japan and India. As a result of sales concentration, the global electric car stock is also increasingly concentrated. Nevertheless, China, Europe and the United States also represent around two-thirds of total car sales and stocks, meaning that the EV transition in these markets has major repercussions in terms of global trends. In China, the number of new electric car registrations reached 8.1 million in 2023, increasing by 35% relative to 2022. Increasing electric car sales were the main reason for growth in the overall car market, which contracted by 8% for conventional (internal combustion engine) cars but grew by 5% in total, indicating that electric car sales are continuing to perform as the market matures. The year 2023 was the first in which China’s New Energy Vehicle (NEV)3 industry ran without support from national subsidies for EV purchases, which have facilitated expansion of the market for more than a decade. Tax exemption for EV purchases and non-financial support remain in place, after an extension, as the automotive industry is seen as one of the key drivers of economic growth. Some province-led support and investment also remains in place and plays an important role in China’s EV landscape. As the market matures, the industry is entering a phase marked by increased price competition and consolidation. In addition, China exported over 4 million cars in 2023, making it the largest auto exporter in the world, among which 1.2 million were EVs. This is markedly more than the previous year – car exports were almost 65% higher than in 2022, and electric car exports were 80% higher. The main export markets for these vehicles were Europe and countries in the Asia Pacific region, such as Thailand and Australia. In the United States, new electric car registrations totalled 1.4 million in 2023, increasing by more than 40% compared to 2022. While relative annual growth in 2023 was slower than in the preceding two years, demand for electric cars and absolute growth remained strong. The revised qualifications for the Clean Vehicle Tax Credit, alongside electric car price cuts, meant that some popular EV models became eligible for credit in 2023. Sales of the Tesla Model Y, for example, increased 50% compared to 2022 after it became eligible for the full USD 7 500 tax credit. Overall, the new criteria established by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) appear to have supported sales in 2023, despite earlier concerns that tighter domestic content requirements for EV and battery manufacturing could create immediate bottlenecks or delays, such as for the Ford F-150 Lightning. As of 2024, new guidance for the tax credits means the number of eligible models has fallen to less than 30 from about 45,4 including several trim levels of the Tesla Model 3 becoming ineligible. However, in 2023 and 2024, leasing business models enable electric cars to qualify for the tax credits even if they do not fully meet the requirements, as leased cars can qualify for a less strict commercial vehicle tax credit and these tax credit savings can be passed to lease-holders. Such strategies have also contributed to sustained electric car roll-out. In Europe, new electric car registrations reached nearly 3.2 million in 2023, increasing by almost 20% relative to 2022. In the European Union, sales amounted to 2.4 million, with similar growth rates. As in China, the high rates of electric car sales seen in Europe suggest that growth remains robust as markets mature, and several European countries reached important milestones in 2023. Germany, for example, became the third country after China and the United States to record half a million new battery electric car registrations in a single year, with 18% of car sales being battery electric (and another 6% plug-in hybrid). However, the phase-out of several purchase subsidies in Germany slowed overall EV sales growth. At the start of 2023, PHEV subsidies were phased out, resulting in lower PHEV sales compared to 2022, and in December 2023, all EV subsidies ended after a ruling on the Climate and Transformation Fund. In Germany, the sales share for electric cars fell from 30% in 2022 to 25% in 2023. This had an impact on the overall electric car sales share in the region. In the rest of Europe, however, electric car sales and their sales share increased. Around 25% of all cars sold in France and the United Kingdom were electric, 30% in the Netherlands, and 60% in Sweden. In Norway, sales shares increased slightly despite the overall market contracting, and its sales share remains the highest in Europe, at almost 95%. ### Electric car registrations and sales share in China, United States and Europe, 2018-2023 Openexpand #### Sales in emerging markets are increasing, albeit from a low base, led by Southeast Asia and Brazil Electric car sales continued to increase in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) outside China in 2023, but they remained low overall. In many cases, personal cars are not the most common means of passenger transport, especially compared with shared vans and minibuses, or two- and three-wheelers (2/3Ws), which are more prevalent and more often electrified, given their relative accessibility and affordability. The electrification of 2/3Ws and public or shared mobility will be key to achieve emissions reductions in such cases (see later sections in this report). While switching from internal combustion engine (ICE) to electric cars is important, the effect on overall emissions differs depending on the mode of transport that is displaced. Replacing 2/3Ws, public and shared mobility or more active forms of transport with personal cars may not be desirable in all cases. In India, electric car registrations were up 70% year-on-year to 80 000, compared to a growth rate of under 10% for total car sales. Around 2% of all cars sold were electric. Purchase incentives under the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME II) scheme, supply-side incentives under the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, tax benefits and the Go Electric campaign have all contributed to fostering demand in recent years. A number of new models also became popular in 2023, such as Mahindra’s XUV400, MG’s Comet, Citroën’s e-C3, BYD’s Yuan Plus, and Hyundai’s Ioniq 5, driving up growth compared to 2022. However, if the forthcoming FAME III scheme includes a subsidy reduction, as has been speculated in line with lower subsidy levels in the 2024 budget, future growth could be affected. Local carmakers have thus far maintained a strong foothold in the market, supported by advantageous import tariffs, and account for 80% of electric car sales in cumulative terms since 2010, led by Tata (70%) and Mahindra (10%). In Thailand, electric car registrations more than quadrupled year-on-year to nearly 90 000, reaching a notable 10% sales share – comparable to the share in the United States. This is all the more impressive given that overall car sales in the country decreased from 2022 to 2023. New subsidies, including for domestic battery manufacturing, and lower import and excise taxes, combined with the growing presence of Chinese carmakers, have contributed to rapidly increasing sales. Chinese companies account for over half the sales to date, and they could become even more prominent given that BYD plans to start operating EV production facilities in Thailand in 2024, with an annual production capacity of 150 000 vehicles for an investment of just under USD 500 million. Thailand aims to become a major EV manufacturing hub for domestic and export markets, and is aiming to attract USD 28 billion in foreign investment within 4 years, backed by specific incentives to foster investment. In Viet Nam, after an exceptional 2022 for the overall car market, car sales contracted by 25% in 2023, but electric car sales still recorded unprecedented growth: from under 100 in 2021, to 7 000 in 2022, and over 30 000 in 2023, reaching a 15% sales share. Domestic front-runner VinFast, established in 2017, accounted for nearly all domestic sales. VinFast also started selling electric sports utility vehicles (SUVs) in North America in 2023, as well as developing manufacturing facilities in order to unlock domestic content-linked subsidies under the US IRA. VinFast is investing around USD 2 billion and targets an annual production of 150 000 vehicles in the United States by 2025. The company went public in 2023, far exceeding expectations with a debut market valuation of around USD 85 billion, well beyond General Motors (GM) (USD 46 billion), Ford (USD 48 billion) or BMW (USD 68 billion), before it settled back down around USD 20 billion by the end of the year. VinFast also looks to enter regional markets, such as India and the Philippines. In Malaysia, electric car registrations more than tripled to 10 000, supported by tax breaks and import duty exemptions, as well as an acceleration in charging infrastructure roll-out. In 2023, Mercedes-Benz marketed the first domestically assembled EV, and both BYD and Tesla also entered the market. In Latin America, electric car sales reached almost 90 000 in 2023, with markets in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico leading the region. In Brazil, electric car registrations nearly tripled year-on-year to more than 50 000, a market share of 3%. Growth in Brazil was underpinned by the entry of Chinese carmakers, such as BYD with its Song and Dolphin models, Great Wall with its H6, and Chery with its Tiggo 8, which immediately ranked among the best-selling models in 2023. Road transport electrification in Brazil could bring significant climate benefits given the largely low-emissions power mix, as well as reducing local air pollution. However, EV adoption has been slow thus far, given the national prioritisation of ethanol-based fuels since the late 1970s as a strategy to maintain energy security in the face of oil shocks. Today, biofuels are important alternative fuels available at competitive cost and aligned with the existing refuelling infrastructure. Brazil remains the world’s largest producer of sugar cane, and its agribusiness represents about one-fourth of GDP. At the end of 2023, Brazil launched the Green Mobility and Innovation Programme, which provides tax incentives for companies to develop and manufacture low-emissions road transport technology, aggregating to more than BRA 19 billion (Brazilian reals) (USD 3.8 billion) over the 2024-2028 period. Several major carmakers already in Brazil are developing hybrid ethanol-electric models as a result. China’s BYD and Great Wall are also planning to start domestic manufacturing, counting on local battery metal deposits, and plan to sell both fully electric and hybrid ethanol-electric models. BYD is investing over USD 600 million in its electric car plant in Brazil – its first outside Asia – for an annual capacity of 150 000 vehicles. BYD also partnered with Raízen to develop charging infrastructure in eight Brazilian cities starting in 2024. GM, on the other hand, plans to stop producing ICE (including ethanol) models and go fully electric, notably to produce for export markets. In 2024, Hyundai announced investments of USD 1.1 billion to 2032 to start local manufacturing of electric, hybrid and hydrogen cars. In Mexico, electric car registrations were up 80% year-on-year to 15 000, a market share just above 1%. Given its proximity to the United States, Mexico’s automotive market is already well integrated with North American partners, and benefits from advantageous trade agreements, large existing manufacturing capacity, and eligibility for subsidies under the IRA. As a result, local EV supply chains are developing quickly, with expectations that this will spill over into domestic markets. Tesla, Ford, Stellantis, BMW, GM, Volkswagen (VW) and Audi have all either started manufacturing or announced plans to manufacture EVs in Mexico. Chinese carmakers such as BYD, Chery and SAIC are also considering expanding to Mexico. Elsewhere in the region, Colombia and Costa Rica are seeing increasing electric car sales, with around 6 000 and 5 000 in 2023, respectively, but sales remain limited in other Central and South American countries. Throughout Africa, Eurasia and the Middle East, electric cars are still rare, accounting for less than 1% of total car sales. However, as Chinese carmakers look for opportunities abroad, new models – including those produced domestically – could boost EV sales. For example, in Uzbekistan, BYD set up a joint venture with UzAuto Motors in 2023 to produce 50 000 electric cars annually, and Chery International established a partnership with ADM Jizzakh. This partnership has already led to a steep increase in electric car sales in Uzbekistan, reaching around 10 000 in 2023. In the Middle East, Jordan boasts the highest electric car sales share, at more than 45%, supported by much lower import duties relative to ICE cars, followed by the United Arab Emirates, with 13%. #### Strong electric car sales in the first quarter of 2024 surpass the annual total from just four years ago Electric car sales remained strong in the first quarter of 2024, surpassing those of the same period in 2023 by around 25% to reach more than 3 million. This growth rate was similar to the increase observed for the same period in 2023 compared to 2022. The majority of the additional sales came from China, which sold about half a million more electric cars than over the same period in 2023. In relative terms, the most substantial growth was observed outside of the major EV markets, where sales increased by over 50%, suggesting that the transition to electromobility is picking up in an increasing number of countries worldwide. ### Quarterly electric car sales by region, 2021-2024 Openexpand From January to March of this year, nearly 1.9 million electric cars were sold in China, marking an almost 35% increase compared to sales in the first quarter of 2023. In March, NEV sales in China surpassed a share of 40% in overall car sales for the first time, according to retail sales reported by the China Passenger Car Association. As witnessed in 2023, sales of plug-in hybrid electric cars are growing faster than sales of pure battery electric cars. Plug-in hybrid electric car sales in the first quarter increased by around 75% year-on-year in China, compared to just 15% for battery electric car sales, though the former started from a lower base. In Europe, the first quarter of 2024 saw year-on-year growth of over 5%, slightly above the growth in overall car sales and thereby stabilising the EV sales share at a similar level as last year. Electric car sales growth was particularly high in Belgium, where around 60 000 electric cars were sold, almost 35% more than the year before. However, Belgium represents less than 5% of total European car sales. In the major European markets – France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom (together representing about 60% of European car sales) – growth in electric car sales was lower. In France, overall EV sales in the first quarter grew by about 15%, with BEV sales growth being higher than for PHEVs. While this is less than half the rate as over the same period last year, total sales were nonetheless higher and led to a slight increase in the share of EVs in total car sales. The United Kingdom saw similar year-on- year growth (over 15%) in EV sales as France, about the same rate as over the same period last year. In Germany, where battery electric car subsidies ended in 2023, sales of electric cars fell by almost 5% in the first quarter of 2024, mainly as a result of a 20% year-on-year decrease in March. The share of EVs in total car sales was therefore slightly lower than last year. As in China, PHEV sales in both Germany and the United Kingdom were stronger than BEV sales. In Italy, sales of electric cars in the first three months of 2024 were more than 20% lower than over the same period in 2023, with the majority of the decrease taking place in the PHEV segment. However, this trend could be reversed based on the introduction of a new incentive scheme, and if Chinese automaker Chery succeeds in appealing to Italian consumers when it enters the market later this year. In the United States, first-quarter sales reached around 350 000, almost 15% higher than over the same period the year before. As in other major markets, the sales growth of PHEVs was even higher, at 50%. While the BEV sales share in the United States appears to have fallen somewhat over the past few months, the sales share of PHEVs has grown. In smaller EV markets, sales growth in the first months of 2024 was much higher, albeit from a low base. In January and February, electric car sales almost quadrupled in Brazil and increased more than sevenfold in Viet Nam. In India, sales increased more than 50% in the first quarter of 2024. These figures suggest that EVs are gaining momentum across diverse markets worldwide. Since 2021, first-quarter electric car sales have typically accounted for 15-20% of the total global annual sales. Based on this observed trend, coupled with policy momentum and the seasonality that EV sales typically experience, we estimate that electric car sales could reach around 17 million in 2024. This indicates robust growth for a maturing market, with 2024 sales to surpass those of 2023 by more than 20% and EVs to reach a share in total car sales of more than one-fifth. ### Electric car sales, 2012-2024 Openexpand The majority of the additional 3 million electric car sales projected for 2024 relative to 2023 are from China. Despite the phase-out of NEV purchase subsidies last year, sales in China have remained robust, indicating that the market is maturing. With strong competition and relatively low-cost electric cars, sales are to grow by almost 25% in 2024 compared to last year, reaching around 10 million. If confirmed, this figure will come close to the total global electric car sales in 2022. As a result, electric car sales could represent around 45% of total car sales in China over 2024. In 2024, electric car sales in the United States are projected to rise by 20% compared to the previous year, translating to almost half a million more sales, relative to 2023. Despite reporting of a rocky end to 2023 for electric cars in the United States, sales shares are projected to remain robust in 2024. Over the entire year, around one in nine cars sold are expected to be electric. Based on recent trends, and considering that tightening CO2 targets are due to come in only in 2025, the growth in electric car sales in Europe is expected to be the lowest of the three largest markets. Sales are projected to reach around 3.5 million units in 2024, reflecting modest growth of less than 10% compared to the previous year. In the context of a generally weak outlook for passenger car sales, electric cars would still represent about one in four cars sold in Europe. Outside of the major EV markets, electric car sales are anticipated to reach the milestone of over 1 million units in 2024, marking a significant increase of over 40% compared to 2023. Recent trends showing the success of both homegrown and Chinese electric carmakers in Southeast Asia underscore that the region is set to make a strong contribution to the sales of emerging EV markets (see the section on Trends in the electric vehicle industry). Despite some uncertainty surrounding whether India’s forthcoming FAME III scheme will include subsidies for electric cars, we expect sales in India to remain robust, and to experience around 50% growth compared to 2023. Across all regions outside the three major EV markets, electric car sales are expected to represent around 5% of total car sales in 2024, which – considering the high growth rates seen in recent years – could indicate that a tipping point towards global mass adoption is getting closer. There are of course downside risks to the 2024 outlook for electric car sales. Factors such as high interest rates and economic uncertainty could potentially reduce the growth of global electric car sales in 2024. Other challenges may come from the IRA restrictions on US electric car tax incentives, and the tightening of technical requirements for EVs to qualify for the purchase tax exemption in China. However, there are also upside potentials to consider. New markets may open up more rapidly than anticipated, as automakers expand their EV operations and new entrants compete for market share. This could lead to accelerated growth in electric car sales globally, surpassing the initial estimations. ###### Electric car availability and affordability #### More electric models are becoming available, but the trend is towards larger ones The number of available electric car models nears 600, two-thirds of which are large vehicles and SUVs In 2023, the number of available models for electric cars increased 15% year- on-year to nearly 590, as carmakers scaled up electrification plans, seeking to appeal to a growing consumer base. Meanwhile, the number of fully ICE models (i.e. excluding hybrids) declined for the fourth consecutive year, at an average of 2%. Based on recent original equipment manufacturer (OEM) announcements, the number of new electric car models could reach 1 000 by 2028. If all announced new electric models actually reach the market, and if the number of available ICE car models continues to decline by 2% annually, there could be as many electric as ICE car models before 2030. As reported in GEVO-2023, the share of small and medium electric car models is decreasing among available electric models: in 2023, two-thirds of the battery-electric models on the market were SUVs,5 pick-up trucks or large cars. Just 25% of battery electric car sales in the United States were for small and medium models, compared to 40% in Europe and 50% in China. Electric cars are following the same trend as conventional cars, and getting bigger on average. In 2023, SUVs, pick-up trucks and large models accounted for 65% of total ICE car sales worldwide, and more than 80% in the United States, 60% in China and 50% in Europe. Several factors underpin the increase in the share of large models. Since the 2010s, conventional SUVs in the United States have benefited from less stringent tailpipe emissions rules than smaller models, creating an incentive for carmakers to market more vehicles in that segment. Similarly, in the European Union, CO2 targets for passenger cars have included a compromise on weight, allowing CO2 leeway for heavier vehicles in some cases. Larger vehicles also mean larger margins for carmakers. Given that incumbent carmakers are not yet making a profit on their EV offer in many cases, focusing on larger models enables them to increase their margins. Under the US IRA, electric SUVs can qualify for tax credits as long as they are priced under USD 80 000, whereas the limit stands at USD 55 000 for a sedan, creating an incentive to market SUVs if a greater margin can be gathered. On the demand side, there is now strong willingness to pay for SUVs or large models. Consumers are typically interested in longer-range and larger cars for their primary vehicles, even though small models are more suited to urban use. Higher marketing spend on SUVs compared to smaller models can also have an impact on consumer choices. The progressive shift towards ICE SUVs has been dramatically limiting fuel savings. Over the 2010-2022 period, without the shift to SUVs, energy use per kilometre could have fallen at an average annual rate 30% higher than the actual rate. Switching to electric in the SUV and larger car segments can therefore achieve immediate and significant CO2 emissions reductions, and electrification also brings considerable benefits in terms of reducing air pollution and non-tailpipe emissions, especially in urban settings. In 2023, if all ICE and HEV sales of SUVs had instead been BEV, around 770 Mt CO2 could have been avoided globally over the cars’ lifetimes (see section 10 on lifecycle analysis). This is equivalent to the total road emissions of China in 2023. ### Breakdown of battery electric car sales in selected countries and regions by segment, 2018-2023 Openexpand Nevertheless, from a policy perspective, it is critical to mitigate the negative spillovers associated with an increase in larger electric cars in the fleet. Larger electric car models have a significant impact on battery supply chains and critical mineral demand. In 2023, the sales-weighted average battery electric SUV in Europe had a battery almost twice as large as the one in the average small electric car, with a proportionate impact on critical mineral needs. Of course, the range of small cars is typically shorter than SUVs and large cars (see later section on ranges). However, when comparing electric SUVs and medium-sized electric cars, which in 2023 offered a similar range, the SUV battery was still 25% larger. This means that if all electric SUVs sold in 2023 had instead been medium-sized cars, around 60 GWh of battery equivalent could have been avoided globally, with limited impact on range. Accounting for the different chemistries used in China, Europe, and the United States, this would be equivalent to almost 6 000 tonnes of lithium, 30 000 tonnes of nickel, almost 7 000 tonnes of cobalt, and over 8 000 tonnes of manganese. Larger batteries also require more power, or longer charging times. This can put pressure on electricity grids and charging infrastructure by increasing occupancy, which could create issues during peak utilisation, such as at highway charging points at high traffic times. In addition, larger vehicles also require greater quantities of materials such as iron and steel, aluminium and plastics, with a higher environmental and carbon footprint for materials production, processing and assembly. Because they are heavier, larger models also have higher electricity consumption. The additional energy consumption resulting from the increased mass is mitigated by regenerative braking to some extent, but in 2022, the sales-weighted average electricity consumption of electric SUVs was 20% higher than that of other electric cars.6 Major carmakers have announced launches of smaller and more affordable electric car models over the past few years. However, when all launch announcements are considered, far fewer smaller models are expected than SUVs, large models and pick-up trucks. Only 25% of the 400+ launches expected over the 2024-2028 period are small and medium models, which represents a smaller share of available models than in 2023. Even in China, where small and medium models have been popular, new launches are typically for larger cars. ### Number of available car models in 2023 and expected new ones by powertrain, country or region and segment, 2024-2028 Openexpand Several governments have responded by introducing policies to create incentives for smaller and lighter passenger cars. In Norway, for example, all cars are subject to a purchase tax based on weight, CO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, though electric cars were exempt from the weight-based tax prior to 2023. Any imported cars weighing more than 500 kg must also pay an entry fee for each additional kg. In France, a progressive weight-based tax applies to ICE and PHEV cars weighing above 1 600 kg, with a significant impact on price: weight tax for a Land Rover Defender 130 (2 550 kg) adds up to more than EUR 21 500, versus zero for a Renault Clio (1 100 kg). Battery electric cars have been exempted to date. In February 2024, a referendum held in Paris resulted in a tripling of city parking fees for visiting SUVs, applicable to ICE, hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars above 1 600 kg and battery electric ones above 2 000 kg, in an effort to limit the use of large and/or polluting vehicles. Other examples exist in Estonia, Finland, Switzerland and the Netherlands. A number of policy options may be used, such as caps and fleet averages for vehicle footprint, weight, and/or battery size; access to finance for smaller vehicles; and sustained support for public charging, enabling wider use of shorter-range cars. Average range is increasing, but only moderately Concerns about range compared to ICE vehicles, and about the availability of charging infrastructure for long-distance journeys, also contribute to increasing appetite for larger models with longer range. With increasing battery size and improvements in battery technology and vehicle design, the sales-weighted average range of battery electric cars grew by nearly 75% between 2015 and 2023, although trends vary by segment. The average range of small cars in 2023 – around 150 km – is not much higher than it was in 2015, indicating that this range is already well suited for urban use (with the exception of taxis, which have much higher daily usage). Large, higher-end models already offered higher ranges than average in 2015, and their range has stagnated through 2023, averaging around 360-380 km. Meanwhile, significant improvements have been made for medium-sized cars and SUVs, the range of which now stands around 380 km, whereas it averaged around 150 km for medium cars and 270 km for SUVs in 2015. This is encouraging for consumers looking to purchase an electric car for longer journeys rather than urban use. Since 2020, growth in the average range of vehicles has been slower than over the 2015-2020 period. This could result from a number of factors, including fluctuating battery prices, carmakers’ attempts to limit additional costs as competition intensifies, and technical constraints (e.g. energy density, battery size). It could also reflect that beyond a certain range at which most driving needs are met, consumers’ willingness to pay for a marginal increase in battery size and range is limited. Looking forward, however, the average range could start increasing again as novel battery technologies mature and prices fall. #### More affordable electric cars are needed to reach a mass-market tipping point An equitable and inclusive transition to electric mobility, both within countries and at the global level, hinges on the successful launch of affordable EVs (including but not limited to electric cars). In this section, we use historic sales and price data for electric and ICE models around the world to examine the total cost of owning an electric car, price trends over time, and the remaining electric premium, by country and vehicle size.7 Specific models are used for illustration. Total cost of ownership Car purchase decisions typically involve consideration of retail price and available subsidies as well as lifetime operating costs, such as fuel costs, insurance, maintenance and depreciation, which together make up the total cost of ownership (TCO). Reaching TCO parity between electric and ICE cars creates important financial incentives to make the switch. This section examines the different components of the TCO, by region and car size. In 2023, upfront retail prices for electric cars were generally higher than for their ICE equivalents, which increased their TCO in relative terms. On the upside, higher fuel efficiency and lower maintenance costs enable fuel cost savings for electric cars, lowering their TCO. This is especially true in periods when fuel prices are high, in places where electricity prices are not too closely correlated to fossil fuel prices. Depreciation is also a major factor in determining TCO: As a car ages, it loses value, and depreciation for electric cars tends to be faster than for ICE equivalents, further increasing their TCO. Accelerated depreciation could, however, prove beneficial for the development of second-hand markets. However, the trend towards faster depreciation for electric vehicles might be reversed for multiple reasons. Firstly, consumers are gaining more confidence in electric battery lifetimes, thereby increasing the resale value of EVs. Secondly, strong demand and the positive brand image of some BEV models can mean they hold their value longer, as shown by Tesla models depreciating more slowly than the average petrol car in the United States. Finally, increasing fuel prices in some regions, the roll-out of low-emissions zones that restrict access for the most polluting vehicles, and taxes and parking fees specifically targeted at ICE vehicles could mean they experience faster depreciation rates than EVs in the future. In light of these two possible opposing depreciation trends, the same fixed annual depreciation rate for both BEVs and ICE vehicles has been applied in the following cost of ownership analysis. Subsidies help lower the TCO of electric cars relative to ICE equivalents in multiple ways. A purchase subsidy lowers the original retail price, thereby lowering capital depreciation over time, and a lower retail price implies lower financing costs through cumulative interest. Subsidies can significantly reduce the number of years required to reach TCO parity between electric and ICE equivalents. As of 2022, we estimate that TCO parity could be reached in most cases in under 7 years in the three major EV markets, with significant variations across different car sizes. In comparison, for models purchased at 2018 prices, TCO parity was much harder to achieve. In Germany, for example, we estimate that the sales-weighted average price of a medium-sized battery electric car in 2022 was 10-20% more expensive than its ICE equivalent, but 10-20% cheaper in cumulative costs of ownership after 5 years, thanks to fuel and maintenance costs savings. In the case of an electric SUV, we estimate that the average annual operating cost savings would amount to USD 1 800 when compared to the equivalent conventional SUV over a period of 10 years. In the United States, despite lower fuel prices with respect to electricity, the higher average annual mileage results in savings that are close to Germany at USD 1 600 per year. In China, lower annual distance driven reduces fuel cost savings potential, but the very low price of electricity enables savings of about USD 1 000 per year. In EMDEs, some electric cars can also be cheaper than ICE equivalents over their lifetime. This is true in India, for example, although it depends on the financing instrument. Access to finance is typically much more challenging in EMDEs due to higher interest rates and the more limited availability of cheap capital. Passenger cars have also a significantly lower market penetration in the first place, and many car purchases are made in second-hand markets. Later sections of this report look at markets for used electric cars, as well as the TCO for electric and conventional 2/3Ws in EMDEs, where they are far more widespread than cars as a means of road transport. Upfront retail price parity Achieving price parity between electric and ICE cars will be an important tipping point. Even when the TCO for electric cars is advantageous, the upfront retail price plays a decisive role, and mass-market consumers are typically more sensitive to price premiums than wealthier buyers. This holds true not only in emerging and developing economies, which have comparatively high costs of capital and comparatively low household and business incomes, but also in advanced economies. In the United States, for example, surveys suggest affordability was the top concern for consumers considering EV adoption in 2023. Other estimates show that even among SUV and pick-up truck consumers, only 50% would be willing to purchase one above USD 50 000. In this section, we examine historic price trends for electric and ICE cars over the 2018-2022 period, by country and car size, and for best-selling models in 2023. Electric cars are generally getting cheaper as battery prices drop, competition intensifies, and carmakers achieve economies of scale. In most cases, however, they remain on average more expensive than ICE equivalents. In some cases, after adjusting for inflation, their price stagnated or even moderately increased between 2018 and 2022. Larger batteries for longer ranges increase car prices, and so too do the additional options, equipment, digital technology and luxury features that are often marketed on top of the base model. A disproportionate focus on larger, premium models is pushing up the average price, which – added to the lack of available models in second-hand markets (see below) – limits potential to reach mass-market consumers. Importantly, geopolitical tension, trade and supply chain disruptions, increasing battery prices in 2022 relative to 2021, and rising inflation, have also significantly affected the potential for further cost declines. Competition can also play an important role in bringing down electric car prices. Intensifying competition leads carmakers to cut prices to the minimum profit margin they can sustain, and – if needed – to do so more quickly than battery and production costs decline. For example, between mid-2022 and early-2024, Tesla cut the price of its Model Y from between USD 65 000 and USD 70 000 to between USD 45 000 and USD 55 000 in the United States. Battery prices for such a model dropped by only USD 3 000 over the same period in the United States, suggesting that a profit margin may still be made at a lower price. Similarly, in China, the price of the Base Model Y dropped from CNY 320 000 (Yuan renminbi) (USD 47 000) to CNY 250 000 (USD 38 000), while the corresponding battery price fell by only USD 1 000. Conversely, in cases where electric models remain niche or aimed at wealthier, less price-sensitive early adopters, their price may not fall as quickly as battery prices, if carmakers can sustain greater margins. ### Price gap between the sales-weighted average price of conventional and electric cars in selected countries, before subsidy, by size, in 2018 and 2022 Openexpand China In China, where the sales share of electric cars has been high for several years, the sales-weighted average price of electric cars (before purchase subsidy) is already lower than that of ICE cars. This is true not only when looking at total sales, but also at the small cars segment, and is close for SUVs. After accounting for the EV exemption from the 10% vehicle purchase tax, electric SUVs were already on par with conventional ones in 2022, on average. Electric car prices have dropped significantly since 2018. We estimate that around 55% of the electric cars sold in China in 2022 were cheaper than their average ICE equivalent, up from under 10% in 2018. Given the further price declines between 2022 and 2023, we estimate that this share increased to around 65% in 2023. These encouraging trends suggest that price parity between electric and ICE cars could also be reached in other countries in certain segments by 2030, if the sales share of electric cars continues to grow, and if supporting infrastructure – such as for charging – is sustained. As reported in detail in GEVO-2023, China remains a global exception in terms of available inexpensive electric models. Local carmakers already market nearly 50 small, affordable electric car models, many of which are priced under CNY 100 000 (USD 15 000). This is in the same range as best-selling small ICE cars in 2023, which cost from CNY 70 000 to CNY 100 000. In 2022, the best-selling electric car was SAIC’s small Wuling Hongguang Mini EV, which accounted for 10% of all BEV sales. It was priced around CNY 40 000, weighing under 700 kg for a 170-km range. In 2023, however, it was overtaken by Tesla models, among other larger models, as new consumers seek longer ranges and higher-end options and digital equipment. United States In the United States, the sales-weighted average price of electric cars decreased over the 2018-2022 period, primarily driven by a considerable drop in the price of Tesla cars, which account for a significant share of sales. The sales-weighted average retail price of electric SUVs fell slightly more quickly than the average SUV battery costs over the same period. The average price of small and medium models also decreased, albeit to a smaller extent. Across all segments, electric models remained more expensive than conventional equivalents in 2022. However, the gap has since begun to close, as market size increases and competition leads carmakers to cut prices. For example, in 2023-2024, Tesla’s Model 3 could be found in the USD 39 000 to USD 42 000 range, which is comparable to the average price for new ICE cars, and a new Model Y priced under USD 50 000 was launched. Rivian is expecting to launch its R2 SUV in 2026 at USD 45 000, which is much less than previous vehicles. Average price parity between electric and conventional SUVs could be reached by 2030, but it may only be reached later for small and medium cars, given their lower availability and popularity. Smaller, cheaper electric models have further to go to reach price parity in the United States. We estimate that in 2022, only about 5% of the electric cars sold in the United States were cheaper than their average ICE equivalent. In 2023, the cheapest electric cars were priced around USD 30 000 (e.g. Chevrolet Bolt, Nissan Leaf, Mini Cooper SE). To compare, best-selling small ICE options cost under USD 20 000 (e.g. Kia Rio, Mitsubishi Mirage), and many best-selling medium ICE options between USD 20 000 and USD 25 000 (e.g. Honda Civic, Toyota Corolla, Kia Forte, Hyundai Avante, Nissan Sentra). Around 25 new all-electric car models are expected in 2024, but only 5 of them are expected below USD 50 000, and none under the USD 30 000 mark. Considering all the electric models expected to be available in 2024, about 75% are priced above USD 50 000, and fewer than 10 under USD 40 000, even after taking into account the USD 7 500 tax credit under the IRA for eligible cars as of February 2024. This means that despite the tax credit, few electric car models directly compete with small mass-market ICE models. In December 2023, GM stopped production of its best-selling electric car, the Bolt, announcing it would introduce a new version in 2025. The Nissan Leaf (40 kWh) therefore remains the cheapest available electric car in 2024, at just under USD 30 000, but is not yet eligible for IRA tax credits. Ford announced in 2024 that it would move away from large and expensive electric cars as a way to convince more consumers to switch to electric, at the same time as increasing output of ICE models to help finance a transition to electric mobility. In 2024, Tesla announced it would start producing a next-generation, compact and affordable electric car in June 2025, but the company had already announced in 2020 that it would deliver a USD 25 000 model within 3 years. Some micro urban electric cars are already available between USD 5 000 and USD 20 000 (e.g. Arcimoto FUV, Nimbus One), but they are rare. In theory, such models could cover many use cases, since 80% of car journeys in the United States are under 10 miles. Europe Pricing trends differ across European countries, and typically vary by segment. In Norway, after taking into account the EV sales tax exemption, electric cars are already cheaper than ICE equivalents across all segments. In 2022, we estimate that the electric premium stood around -15%, and even -30% for medium-sized cars. Five years earlier, in 2018, the overall electric premium was less advantageous, at around -5%. The progressive reintroduction of sales taxes on electric cars may change these estimates for 2023 onwards. Germany’s electric premium ranks among the lowest in the European Union. Although the sales-weighted average electric premium increased slightly between 2018 and 2022, it stood at 15% in 2022. It is particularly low for medium-sized cars (10-15%) and SUVs (20%), but remains higher than 50% for small models. In the case of medium cars, the sales-weighted average electric premium was as low as EUR 5 000 in 2022. We estimate that in 2022, over 40% of the medium electric cars sold in Germany were cheaper than their average ICE equivalent. Looking at total sales, over 25% of the electric cars sold in 2022 were cheaper than their average ICE equivalent. In 2023, the cheapest models among the best-selling medium electric cars were priced between EUR 22 000 and EUR 35 000 (e.g. MG MG4, Dacia Spring, Renault Megane), far cheaper than the three front-runners priced above EUR 45 000 (VW ID.3, Cupra Born, and Tesla Model 3). To compare, best-selling ICE cars in the medium segment were also priced between EUR 30 000 and EUR 45 000 (e.g. VW Golf, VW Passat Santana, Skoda Octavia Laura, Audi A3, Audi A4). At the end of 2023, Germany phased out its subsidy for electric car purchases, but competition and falling model prices could compensate for this. In France, the sales-weighted average electric premium stagnated between 2018 and 2022. The average price of ICE cars also increased over the same period, though more moderately than that of electric models. Despite a drop in the price of electric SUVs, which stood at a 30% premium over ICE equivalents in 2022, the former do not account for a high enough share of total electric car sales to drive down the overall average. The electric premium for small and medium cars remains around 40-50%. These trends mirror those of some of the best-selling models. For example, when adjusting prices for inflation, the small Renault Zoe was sold at the same price on average in 2022-2023 as in 2018-2019, or EUR 30 000 (USD 32 000). It could be found for sale at as low as EUR 25 000 in 2015-2016. The earlier models, in 2015, had a battery size of around 20 kWh, which increased to around 40 kWh in 2018‑2019 and 50 kWh in newer models in 2022-2023. Yet European battery prices fell more quickly than the battery size increased over the same period, indicating that battery size alone does not explain car price dynamics. In 2023, the cheapest electric cars in France were priced between EUR 22 000 and EUR 30 000 (e.g. Dacia Spring, Renault Twingo E-Tech, Smart EQ Fortwo), while best-selling small ICE models were available between EUR 10 000 and EUR 20 000 (e.g. Renault Clio, Peugeot 208, Citroën C3, Dacia Sandero, Opel Corsa, Skoda Fabia). Since mid-2024, subsidies of up to EUR 4 000 can be granted for electric cars priced under EUR 47 000, with an additional subsidy of up to EUR 3 000 for lower-income households. In the United Kingdom, the sales-weighted average electric premium shrank between 2018 and 2022, thanks to a drop in prices for electric SUVs, as in the United States. Nonetheless, electric SUVs still stood at a 45% premium over ICE equivalents in 2022, which is similar to the premium for small models but far higher than for medium cars (20%). In 2023, the cheapest electric cars in the United Kingdom were priced from GBP 27 000 to GBP 30 000 (USD 33 000 to 37 000) (e.g. MG MG4, Fiat 500, Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe), with the exception of the Smart EQ Fortwo, priced at GBP 21 000. To compare, best-selling small ICE options could be found from GBP 10 000 to 17 000 (e.g. Peugeot 208, Fiat 500, Dacia Sandero) and medium options below GBP 25 000 (e.g. Ford Puma). Since July 2022, there has been no subsidy for the purchase of electric passenger cars. Elsewhere in Europe, electric cars remain typically much more expensive than ICE equivalents. In Poland, for example, just a few electric car models could be found at prices competitive with ICE cars in 2023, under the PLN 150 000 (Polish zloty) (EUR 35 000) mark. Over 70% of electric car sales in 2023 were for SUVs, or large or more luxurious models, compared to less than 60% for ICE cars. In 2023, there were several announcements by European OEMs for smaller models priced under EUR 25 000 in the near-term (e.g. Renault R5, Citroën e-C3, Fiat e-Panda, VW ID.2all). There is also some appetite for urban microcars (i.e. L6-L7 category), learning from the success of China’s Wuling. Miniature models bring important benefits if they displace conventional models, helping reduce battery and critical mineral demand. Their prices are often below USD 5 000 (e.g. Microlino, Fiat Topolino, Citroën Ami, Silence S04, Birò B2211). In Europe and the United States, electric car prices are expected to come down as a result of falling battery prices, more efficient manufacturing, and competition. Independent analyses suggest that price parity between some electric and ICE car models in certain segments could be reached over the 2025-2028 period, for example for small electric cars in Europe in 2025 or soon after. However, many market variables could delay price parity, such as volatile commodity prices, supply chain bottlenecks, and the ability of carmakers to yield sufficient margins from cheaper electric models. The typical rule in which economies of scale bring down costs is being complicated by numerous other market forces. These include a dynamic regulatory context, geopolitical competition, domestic content incentives, and a continually evolving technology landscape, with competing battery chemistries that each have their own economies of scale and regional specificities. Japan Japan is a rare example of an advanced economy where small models – both for electric and ICE vehicles – appeal to a large consumer base, motivated by densely populated cities with limited parking space, and policy support. In 2023, about 60% of total ICE sales were for small models, and over half of total electric sales. Two electric cars from the smallest “Kei” category, the Nissan Sakura and Mitsubishi eK-X, accounted for nearly 50% of national electric car sales alone, and both are priced between JPY 2.3 million (Japanese yen) and JPY 3 million (USD 18 000 to USD 23 000). However, this is still more expensive than best-selling small ICE cars (e.g. Honda N Box, Daihatsu Hijet, Daihatsu Tanto, Suzuki Spacia, Daihatsu Move), priced between USD 13 000 and USD 18 000. In 2024, Nissan announced that it would aim to reach cost parity (of production, not retail price) between electric and ICE cars by 2030. Emerging market and developing economies In EMDEs, the absence of small and cheaper electric car models is a significant hindrance to wider market uptake. Many of the available car models are SUVs or large models, targeting consumers of high-end goods, and far too expensive for mass-market consumers, who often do not own a personal car in the first place (see later sections on second-hand car markets and 2/3Ws). In India, while Tata’s small Tiago/Tigor models, which are priced between USD 10 000 and USD 15 000, accounted for about 20% of total electric car sales in 2023, the average best-selling small ICE car is priced around USD 7 000. Large models and SUVs accounted for over 65% of total electric car sales. While BYD announced in 2023 the goal of accounting for 40% of India’s EV market by 2030, all of its models available in India cost more than INR 3 million (Indian rupees) (USD 37 000), including the Seal, launched in 2024 for INR 4.1 million (USD 50 000). Similarly, SUVs and large models accounted for the majority share of electric car sales in Thailand (60%), Indonesia (55%), Malaysia (over 85%) and Viet Nam (over 95%). In Indonesia, for example, Hyundai’s Ionic 5 was the most popular electric car in 2023, priced at around USD 50 000. Looking at launch announcements, most new models expected over the 2024-2028 period in EMDEs are SUVs or large models. However, more than 50 small and medium models could also be introduced, and the recent or forthcoming entry of Chinese carmakers suggests that cheaper models could hit the market in the coming years. In 2022-2023, Chinese carmakers accounted for 40-75% of the electric car sales in Indonesia, Thailand and Brazil, with sales jumping as cheaper Chinese models were introduced. In Thailand, for example, Hozon launched its Neta V model in 2022 priced at THB 550 000 (Thai baht) (USD 15 600), which became a best-seller in 2023 given its relative affordability compared with the cheapest ICE equivalents at around USD 9 000. Similarly, in Indonesia, the market entry of Wuling’s Air EV in 2022-2023 was met with great success. In Colombia, the best-selling electric car in 2023 was the Chinese mini-car, Zhidou 2DS, which could be found at around USD 15 000, a competitive option relative to the country’s cheapest ICE car, the Kia Picanto, at USD 13 000. ### Electric car sales in selected countries, by origin of carmaker, 2021-2023 Openexpand #### Second-hand markets for electric cars are on the rise As electric vehicle markets mature, the second-hand market will become more important In the same way as for other technology products, second-hand markets for used electric cars are now emerging as newer generations of vehicles progressively become available and earlier adopters switch or upgrade. Second-hand markets are critical to foster mass-market adoption, especially if new electric cars remain expensive, and used ones become cheaper. Just as for ICE vehicles – for which buying second-hand is often the primary method of acquiring a car in both emerging and advanced economies – a similar pattern will emerge with electric vehicles. It is estimated that eight out of ten EU citizens buy their car second-hand, and this share is even higher – around 90% – among low- and middle-income groups. Similarly, in the United States, about seven out of ten vehicles sold are second-hand, and only 17% of lower-income households buy a new car. As major electric car markets reach maturity, more and more used electric cars are becoming available for resale. Our estimates suggest that in 2023, the market size for used electric cars amounted to nearly 800 000 in China, 400 000 in the United States and more than 450 000 for France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom combined. Second-hand sales have not been included in the numbers presented in the previous section of this report, which focused on sales of new electric cars, but they are already significant. On aggregate, global second-hand electric car sales were roughly equal to new electric car sales in the United States in 2023. In the United States, used electric car sales are set to increase by 40% in 2024 relative to 2023. Of course, these volumes are dwarfed by second-hand ICE markets: 30 million in the European countries listed above combined, nearly 20 million in China, and 36 million in the United States. However, these markets have had decades to mature, indicating greater longer-term potential for used electric car markets. Used car markets already provide more affordable electric options in China, Europe and the United States Second-hand car markets are increasingly becoming a source of more affordable electric cars that can compete with used ICE equivalents. In the United States, for example, more than half of second-hand electric cars are already priced below USD 30 000. Moreover, the average price is expected to quickly fall towards USD 25 000, the price at which used electric cars become eligible for the federal used car rebate of USD 4 000, making them directly competitive with best-selling new and used ICE options. The price of a second-hand Tesla in the United States dropped from over USD 50 000 in early 2023 to just above USD 33 000 in early 2024, making it competitive with a second-hand SUV and many new models as well (either electric or conventional). In Europe, second- hand battery electric cars can be found between EUR 15 000 and EUR 25 000 (USD 16 000‑27 000), and second-hand plug-in hybrids around EUR 30 000 (USD 32 000). Some European countries also offer subsidies for second-hand electric cars, such as the Netherlands (EUR 2 000), where the subsidy for new cars has been steadily declining since 2020, while that for used cars remains constant, and France (EUR 1 000). In China, used electric cars were priced around CNY 75 000 on average in 2023 (USD 11 000). In recent years, the resale value8 of electric cars has been increasing. In Europe, the resale value of battery electric cars sold after 12 months has steadily increased over the 2017-2022 period, surpassing that of all other powertrains and standing at more than 70% in mid-2022. The resale value of battery electric cars sold after 36 months stood below 40% in 2017, but has since been closing the gap with other powertrains, reaching around 55% in mid-2022. This is the result of many factors, including higher prices of new electric cars, improving technology allowing vehicles and batteries to retain greater value over time, and increasing demand for second-hand electric cars. Similar trends have been observed in China. High or low resale values have important implications for the development of second-hand electric car markets and their contributions to the transition to road transport electrification. High resale values primarily benefit consumers of new cars (who retain more of the value of their initial purchase), and carmakers, because many consumers are attracted by the possibility of reselling their car after a few years, thereby fostering demand for newer models. High resale values also benefit leasing companies, which seek to minimise depreciation and resell after a few years. Leasing companies have a significant impact on second-hand markets because they own large volumes of vehicles for a shorter period (under three years, compared to 3 to 5 years for a private household). Their impact on markets for new cars can also be considerable: leasing companies accounted for over 20% of new cars sold in Europe in 2022. Overall, a resale value for electric cars on par with or higher than that of ICE equivalents contributes to supporting demand for new electric cars. In the near term, however, a combination of high prices for new electric cars and high resale values could hinder widespread adoption of used EVs among mass- market consumers seeking affordable cars. In such cases, policy support can help bridge the gap with second-hand ICE prices. International trade for used electric cars to emerging markets is expected to increase As the EV stock ages in advanced markets, it is likely that more and more used EVs will be traded internationally, assuming that global standards enable technology compatibility (e.g. for charging infrastructure). Imported used vehicles present an opportunity for consumers in EMDEs, who may not have access to new models because they are either too expensive or not marketed in their countries. Data on used car trade flows are scattered and often contradictory, but the history of ICE cars can be a useful guide to what may happen for electric cars. Many EMDEs have been importing used ICE vehicles for decades. UNEP estimates that Africa imports 40% of all used vehicles exported worldwide, with African countries typically becoming the ultimate destination for used imports. Typical trade flows include Western European Union member states to Eastern European Union member states and to African countries that drive on the right-hand side; Japan to Asia and to African countries that drive on the left-hand side; and the United States to the Middle East and Central America. Used electric car exports from large EV markets have been growing in recent years. For China, this can be explained by the recent roll-back of a policy forbidding exports of used vehicles of any kind. Since 2019, as part of a pilot project, the government has granted 27 cities and provinces the right to export second-hand cars. In 2022, China exported almost 70 000 used vehicles, a significant increase on 2021, when fewer than 20 000 vehicles were exported. About 70% of these were NEVs, of which over 45% were exported to the Middle East. In 2023, the Ministry of Commerce released a draft policy on second-hand vehicle export that, once approved, will allow the export of second-hand vehicles from all regions of China. Used car exports from China are expected to increase significantly as a result. In the European Union, the number of used electric cars traded internationally is also increasing. In both 2021 and 2022, the market size grew by 70% year- on-year, reaching almost 120 000 electric cars in 2022. More than half of all trade takes place between EU member states, followed by trade with neighbouring countries such as Norway, the United Kingdom and Türkiye (accounting for 20% combined). The remainder of used EVs are exported to countries such as Mexico, Tunisia and the United States. As of 2023, the largest exporters are Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. Last year, just over 1% of all used cars leaving Japan were electric. However these exports are growing and increased by 30% in 2023 relative to 2022, reaching 20 000 cars. The major second-hand electric car markets for Japanese vehicles are traditionally Russia and New Zealand (over 60% combined). After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, second-hand trade of conventional cars from Japan to Russia jumped sharply following a halt in operations of local OEMs in Russia, but this trade was quickly restricted by the Japanese government, thereby bringing down the price of second-hand cars in Japan. New Zealand has very few local vehicle assembly or manufacturing facilities, and for this reason many cars entering New Zealand are used imports. In 2023, nearly 20% of all electric cars that entered New Zealand were used imports, compared to 50% for the overall car market. In emerging economies, local policies play an important role in promoting or limiting trade flows for used cars. In the case of ICE vehicles, for example, some countries (e.g. Bolivia, Côte d’Ivoire, Peru) limit the maximum age of used car imports to prevent the dumping of highly polluting cars. Other countries (e.g. Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, India, South Africa) have banned used car imports entirely to protect their domestic manufacturing industries. Just as for ICE vehicles, policy measures can either help or hinder the import of used electric cars, such as by setting emission standards for imported used cars. Importing countries will also need to simultaneously support roll-out of charging infrastructure to avoid problems with access like those reported in Sri Lanka after an incentive scheme significantly increased imports of used EVs in 2018. The median age of vehicle imports tends to increase as the GDP per capita of a country decreases. In some African countries, the median age of imports is over 15 years. Beyond this timeframe, electric cars may require specific servicing to extend their lifetime. To support the availability of second-hand markets for electric cars, it will be important to develop strategies, technical capacity, and business models to swap very old batteries from used vehicles. Today, many countries that import ICE vehicles, including EMDEs, already have servicing capacity in place to extend the lifetimes of used ICE vehicles, but not used EVs. On the other hand, there are typically fewer parts in electric powertrains than in ICE ones, and these parts can even be more durable. Battery recycling capacity will also be needed, given that the importing country is likely to be where the imported EV eventually reaches end-of-life. Including end-of-life considerations in policy making today can help mitigate the risk of longer-term environmental harm that could result from the accumulation of obsolete EVs and associated waste in EMDEs. Policy choices in more mature markets also have an impact on possible trade flows. For example, the current policy framework in the European Union for the circularity of EV batteries may prevent EVs and EV batteries from leaving the European Union, which brings energy security advantages but might limit reuse. In this regard, advanced economies and EMDEs should strengthen co-operation to facilitate second-hand trade while ensuring adequate end-of-life strategies. For example, there could be incentives or allowances associated with extended vehicle lifetimes via use in second-hand markets internationally before recycling, as long as recycling in the destination market is guaranteed, or the EV battery is returned at end of life. ##### References 1. Throughout this report, unless otherwise specified, “electric cars” refers to both battery electric and plug-in hybrid cars, and “electric vehicles” (EVs) refers to battery electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrid (PHEV) vehicles, excluding fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Unless otherwise specified, EVs include all modes of road transport. 2. Throughout this report, unless otherwise specified, regional groupings refer to those described in the Annex. 3. In the Chinese context, the term New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) includes BEVs, PHEVs and FCEVs. 4. Based on model trim eligibility from the US government website as of 31 March 2024. 5. SUVs may be defined differently across regions, but broadly refer to vehicles that incorporate features commonly found in off-road vehicles (e.g. four-wheel drive, higher ground clearance, larger cargo area). In this report, small and large SUVs both count as SUVs. Crossovers are counted as SUVs if they feature an SUV body type; otherwise they are categorised as medium-sized vehicles. 6. Measured under the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure using vehicle model sales data from IHS Markit. 7. Price data points collected from various data providers and ad-hoc sources cover 65-95% of both electric and ICE car sales globally. By “price”, we refer to the advertised price that the customer pays for the acquisition of the vehicle only, including legally required acquisition taxes (e.g. including Value-Added Tax and registration taxes but excluding consumer tax credits). Prices reflect not only the materials, components and manufacturing costs, but also the costs related to sales and marketing, administration, R&D and the profit margin. In the case of a small electric car in Europe, for example, these mark-up costs can account for around 40% of the final pre-tax price. They account for an even greater share of the final pre-tax price when consumers purchase additional options, or opt for larger models, for which margins can be higher. The price for the same model may differ across countries or regions (e.g. in 2023, a VW ID.3 could be purchased in China at half its price in Europe). Throughout the whole section, prices are adjusted for inflation and expressed in constant 2022 USD. 8. This metric of depreciation used in second-hand technology markets represents the value of the vehicle when being resold in relation to the value when originally purchased. A resale value of 70% means that a product purchased new will lose 30% of its original value, on average, and sell at such a discount relative to the original price. #### Reference 1 Close dialog Throughout this report, unless otherwise specified, “electric cars” refers to both battery electric and plug-in hybrid cars, and “electric vehicles” (EVs) refers to battery electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrid (PHEV) vehicles, excluding fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Unless otherwise specified, EVs include all modes of road transport. #### Reference 2 Close dialog Throughout this report, unless otherwise specified, regional groupings refer to those described in the Annex. #### Reference 3 Close dialog In the Chinese context, the term New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) includes BEVs, PHEVs and FCEVs. #### Reference 4 Close dialog Based on model trim eligibility from the US government website as of 31 March 2024. #### Reference 5 Close dialog SUVs may be defined differently across regions, but broadly refer to vehicles that incorporate features commonly found in off-road vehicles (e.g. four-wheel drive, higher ground clearance, larger cargo area). In this report, small and large SUVs both count as SUVs. Crossovers are counted as SUVs if they feature an SUV body type; otherwise they are categorised as medium-sized vehicles. #### Reference 6 Close dialog Measured under the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure using vehicle model sales data from IHS Markit. #### Reference 7 Close dialog Price data points collected from various data providers and ad-hoc sources cover 65-95% of both electric and ICE car sales globally. By “price”, we refer to the advertised price that the customer pays for the acquisition of the vehicle only, including legally required acquisition taxes (e.g. including Value-Added Tax and registration taxes but excluding consumer tax credits). Prices reflect not only the materials, components and manufacturing costs, but also the costs related to sales and marketing, administration, R&D and the profit margin. In the case of a small electric car in Europe, for example, these mark-up costs can account for around 40% of the final pre-tax price. They account for an even greater share of the final pre-tax price when consumers purchase additional options, or opt for larger models, for which margins can be higher. The price for the same model may differ across countries or regions (e.g. in 2023, a VW ID.3 could be purchased in China at half its price in Europe). Throughout the whole section, prices are adjusted for inflation and expressed in constant 2022 USD. #### Reference 8 Close dialog This metric of depreciation used in second-hand technology markets represents the value of the vehicle when being resold in relation to the value when originally purchased. A resale value of 70% means that a product purchased new will lose 30% of its original value, on average, and sell at such a discount relative to the original price. Next Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles ###### The Energy Mix Get updates on the IEA’s latest news, analysis, data and events delivered twice monthly. 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In the automobile industry following the increase in annual production we have reached a record of 17 million vehicles | 3,311 | English * English * Deutsch * Français * Svenska More results Log in to Virta Hub Contact sales Log in to Virta Hub Contact sales * Industries & use cases ##### Business industries * * Retail * Hotels & destinations * Real estate * Parking operators * Petrol retailers * Automotive * Energy companies * Public sector * Commercial real estate ##### Use cases * * Workplace EV charging * Fleet management * Parking spaces * Ultra-fast charging * EV charging hubs * Heavy-duty EV charging ##### Partners * * Resellers * Installers ![\\"Yellow](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Navigation%20mega%20menu%20\(1-1\)/yellow- ev-with-hpc-charging-connector.webp?width=400&height=400&name=yellow-ev-with- hpc-charging-connector.webp\\") * Product ##### Virta solutions to EV charging ###### Standard charging solutions Everything you need in one package. ###### Modular solutions Pick and choose the components you need. ###### Migration to Virta Hub ##### Products ##### ![\\"Virta](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Navigation%20mega%20menu%20\(1-1\)/virta- hub-dashboard-macbook-blue-background.webp?width=100&height=100&name=virta- hub-dashboard-macbook-blue-background.webp\\") ###### Virta Hub Charge Point Management System (CPMS) --- ##### ![\\"Charging](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Navigation%20mega%20menu%20\(1-1\)/charging- station-hyc200-blue-background.webp?width=100&height=100&name=charging- station-hyc200-blue-background.webp\\") ###### Charging stations ##### ![\\"Virta](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Navigation%20mega%20menu%20\(1-1\)/virta- payment-kiosk-blue-background.webp?width=100&height=100&name=virta-payment- kiosk-blue-background.webp\\") ###### Virta Payment Kiosk ##### Not sure what you need? Talk to an expert at Virta and let us guide you right. * Resources ##### Resources * * Customer stories * Guides, videos & webinars * Blog * ROI calculator * AFIR (Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation) * UK Public Charge Point Regulations ![\\"Vehicle-to-grid](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Navigation%20mega%20menu%20\(1-1\)/vehicle- to-grid-charger-car-purple-garage.webp?width=400&height=400&name=vehicle-to- grid-charger-car-purple-garage.webp\\") * About ##### About * * The company * Contact details * Sustainability * * Careers * News * Media ##### Want to join the Virta team? We\'re always looking for new talented colleagues! ![\\"Two](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Navigation%20mega%20menu%20\(1-1\)/two- women-meeting-room-yellow-wall.webp?width=400&height=400&name=two-women- meeting-room-yellow-wall.webp\\") * EV Drivers ##### Are you an EV driver? On our dedicated website for EV drivers, you will find contact options for technical support as well as the most frequent questions that drivers have, and more. ![\\"Woman](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Navigation%20mega%20menu%20\(1-1\)/woman- and-man-charging-ev-wind-turbine-purple- background.webp?width=400&height=400&name=woman-and-man-charging-ev-wind- turbine-purple-background.webp\\") En * English * Deutsch * Français * Svenska More results * Industries * Retail * Hotels & Destinations * Real Estate * Parking Operators * Petrol Retailers * Automotive * Energy companies * Public sector * Commercial Real Estate * Use Cases * Workplace EV charging * Fleet management * Parking spaces * Ultra-fast charging * EV charging hubs * Heavy-duty EV charging * Smart energy solutions * Resellers * Virta solutions to EV charging * Standard charging solutions * Modular solutions * Migration to Virta Hub * Products * Virta Hub (CPMS) * Charging stations * Virta Payment Kiosk * Resources * Customer stories * Guides, videos & webinars * Blog * ROI calculator * UK Public Charge Point Regulations * AFIR * About * The company * Contact details * Sustainability * Careers * News * Media * EV drivers Contact Sales Log in to Virta Hub # THE GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET OVERVIEW IN 2024 Table of Contents * Introduction * Chapter 1: Historical data on the global EV market * Chapter 2: Global electric car market share and size * Chapter 3: The state of other electric vehicles * Chapter 4: The state of EV charging * Chapter 5: The development of electric vehicle & charging technology * Chapter 6: The development of electric car batteries * Chapter 7: The environmental impact of EVs * Chapter 8: The current EV-related policies * Chapter 9: The private sector\'s response to EVs * Chapter 10: Forecasts: EV market outlook by 2030 and beyond Introduction * Home > * Guides, videos & webinars > * The Global Electric Vehicle Market In 2024 ## Introduction In this guide, we serve you the latest facts, figures, and forecasts you need to know about the electric vehicle and EV charging market, its predicted growth for 2025 and beyond. The global electric vehicle market share has taken a tremendous leap forward in the past decade, and we expect the trend to only accelerate in the coming years. In a number of countries, electric vehicles are on a path to become a mass- market product. Even though there are some concerns arising about the industry’s pace of growth, global sales data are proving that we’ve only just scratched the surface. Chapter 1 ## Historical EV market data To understand the current situation of the EV sector, let’s look at what happened in the past couple of years. The year 2020 did not show a significant growth in overall new car registrations. The global market for all types of cars was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic downturn that followed. Amid the pandemic, the outlook for global EV sales was quite unpredictable at the beginning of the year. However, as time showed, 2020 turned out to be a surprisingly positive year, with global **EV sales** **growing by 43% from 2019** and the global electric car industry market share rising to a record 4,6%. The year 2021 was a major leap forward for **electric vehicle sales as they doubled from 2020** **to 6.75 million.** The number of EVs sold in a week in 2021 was higher than how many were sold in the whole year of 2012. The year 2022 came on strong, breaking records. EV sales exceeded 10 million, with 14% of all new cars sold being electric, quite the jump from 9% in 2021 and less than 5% in 2020. That resulted in more than 26 million electric cars roaming global roads in 2022, representing a 60% uptake from 2021. #### Read also: * Guide - How to grow your business with EV charging Chapter 2 ## Global electric car market share and size EVs are to play a central role in the ambitious objective of zero-emission targets set for 2050, and the industry is gearing up for it. The market is growing. It’s growing fast. And it’s growing everywhere. Carried by a decarbonisation challenge most leading nations now take seriously and supported by various policies and incentives, global EV sales kept accelerating in 2023. According to the IEA, the **global electric car sales reached almost 14 million** , which represented a **35% increase** from 2022. This growth meant that the **global electric fleet rose to 40 million** in 2023. ![\\"global](\\" fs/hubfs/global%20electric%20car%20fleet%202023.webp?width=650&height=515&name=global%20electric%20car%20fleet%202023.webp\\")![\\"global](\\" Global EV Outlook 2024 And the trend seems to stay positive in 2024. Only in the first quarter of the year, sales grew by 25% compared to the same period in 2023. We\'re predicted to see 17 million in sales by the end of 2024. Electric cars could account for 20% of total car sales by then. The IEA sees a great growth potential, especially outside of the core markets of China, Europe and the USA. That is a good sign that e-mobility is finding its way to the rest of the world. ![\\"BEV](\\" fs/hubfs/BEV%20PHEV%20sales%2023.webp?width=600&height=353&name=BEV%20PHEV%20sales%2023.webp\\") **Source:** EV volumes **China, Europe and the USA** are the largest markets for electric vehicles and together account for around **95% of all sales** in 2023. ![\\"evs](\\" Global EV Outlook 2024 Regarding the availability of EV models, there was a total of **590 electric car models** available for consumers in 2023. This is an increase of 15% compared to the previous year. It’s predicted that 1 000 models should be available in 2028. ### How\'s the situation in Europe? After experiencing a downturn in EV sales in 2022, Europe accounted for **25% of global electric car sales in 2023** and is projected to keep that up in 2024, remaining the 2nd largest market for electric vehicles after China. Electric car sales were more than 20% higher in 2023 compared to 2022 and reached almost **3.2 million**. In the EU, that number was around 2.4 million. The continent’s EV sales continue to increase steadily in most countries, except Germany, where the sales share fell from 30% to 25% mainly due to the phase out of several purchase subsidies. The otherwise increasing figures reflect the implementation of stricter rules regarding CO2 emission standards, such as the mandated 100% reduction in CO2 emissions for new cars and vans from 2035, but also various stimulus measures introduced by many European governments and tax benefits and subsidies put in place in major markets. Norway (95% of all cars sold are electric), Sweden (60%) and the Netherlands (30%) remain to be the largest European markets, according to the 2024 Global EV Outlook by IEA. France and the United Kingdom come in right after with 25% of all cars sold being electric. #### Read also: * Decarbonisation Chapter 3 ## The state of global EV charging infrastructure Most charging still happens at home or work, with the **number of private chargers being ten times higher than that of public ones**. In the United Kingdom, we can find one of the highest shares of home charging access, 97%. But the more electric vehicles roaming the roads, the more public charging points are needed to support the wide EV uptake, especially in more dense areas where access to home charging is more limited. In 2023, the **public charging stock rose by around 40%**. Fast chargers, specifically, accounted for 35% of the public charging stock by the end of the year and outpaced the growth of slow chargers. For both slow AC charging and fast DC charging, China dominated the market in 2023. Over 85% of world’s fast chargers and 60% of slow chargers were installed in China over the year. ### And how about Europe? In 2023, over 630 000 publicly available EV chargers were counted in Europe. Almost 200 000 new charge points were added over the year, according to the European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO). 155 000 were standard charging stations and 40 000 fast charging stations. By 2030, it\'s estimated that 3.5 million charging stations will be publicly accessible across the continent. It seems that most European countries already met their public charging infrastructure targets for 2024. The Netherlands takes the lead with a total of 160 000 charging stations, closely followed by Germany (133 000), France (128 000) and Belgium (59 000). The Netherlands, France and Germany together account for 61% of all public charge points in the region. ![\\"public](\\" ACEA ### Governmental support for public charging infrastructures With several EV purchase subsidies working their charm in numerous countries in the past few years, governments are now shifting their focus on expanding support for EV charge points. This comes in the form of subsidies and incentives as well as developing legislation and regulations relating to payments, reliability and interoperability of public charging infrastructures in order to improve EV driver experiences. The European Union developed **the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR)** , which requires, among other things, the installation of fast charge point ever 60 km along the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). In the UK,**the Public Charge Point Regulations **focus on improving the customer experience at public charge points. The need to develop sufficient public charging infrastructures spans across developing markets, too. For example, in **India** , the provided funding made it possible for **7** **000 fast chargers** to be installed in the country in 2023. ### Charging for heavy-duty electric vehicles (HDEV) Heavy-duty vehicles can generally charge at the same charge points as light- duty vehicles, but the bigger the size of the battery, the longer the charging time. Charging heavy-duty vehicles can thus result in distruptions and delays at regular charging facilities. Dedicated charging spaces for heavy-duty vehicles are more than needed, but their development is still in its infancy. To prepare for the wave of HDEVs, there’s a strong need for a network of ultra-fast (HPC) chargers and a new charging standard that further lowers the charging times. Luckily, both are in the works. The AFIR states that heavy-duty electric vehicles must be able to charge **with a minimum output of** 350 kW every 60 kilometres **along the core TEN-T network** and every 100 kilometres along the larger TEN-T network. A new charging standard, the******megawatt charging standard******(MCS), which allows charging capacity up to 3.75 MW has been in development since 2019. The standard is now being tested by the CharIN association, which is responsible for developing the system, and should become the industry standard for heavy- duty charging by 2025. #### Read also: * Here\'s how EV drivers charge their cars across Europe Chapter 4 ## The state of other electric vehicles While passenger cars typically get all the credit for the EV revolution, it’s good also to consider other forms of transportation that are gradually becoming greener. ### From public transportation to e-scooters: The entire transportation industry is turning electric #### Heavy-duty trucks In 2023, **electric trucks surpassed electric buses** in sales for the first time, at 54 000, growing by 35% from 2022. As many truck manufacturers strive for an all-electric future, the number of commercially available zero-emission truck models has been expanding. The market offers over 840 models by more than 100 OEMs, with European manufacturers offering the largest model selection. Europe reached more than 1,5% of sales share, increasing sales share almost threefold and reaching more than 10 000 electric trucks. And the expectation is for this number to further grow, also thanks to various ambitious policies. One of them being the European Union’s target to reduce CO2 emissions from HDVs by 90% by 2040. The electrification of the heavy-duty sector is a crucial part of the journey to a zero-emission future because even though heavy-duty trucks only account for 10% of all ICE vehicles, they are responsible for 70% of ICE CO2 emissions. #### Light commercial vehicles (LCV) Electric LCVs saw considerable growth in 2023 as sales grew by over 50%. The two biggest markets for electric LCVs were China, where sales exceeded 240 000 and in Europe, where 60% growth brought the number to 150 000. One out of twenty-five LCVs sold in 2023 was electric. As more electric LCV models enter the market and commercial customers become aware of the ‘reduced cost’ benefit of electric LCVs, we expect the market to only accelerate in the future. #### Electric buses Electric buses have been growing in popularity since 2020. In 2023, almost 50 000 electric buses were sold globally, which brings the global stock to over 635 000. China used to dominate the market; in 2020, it was responsible for over 90% of electric bus sales, but in 2023, the Chinese demand dropped. This could be due to its already large electric bus stock and the end of purchase subsidies. The country still remains a major exporter to Latin American, North American and European countries. In the European Union countries, the Clean Vehicles Directive provides targets for public procurement of electric buses. France, Germany, and Spain are only a few EU countries witnessing increased electric bus sales. Belgium, Norway and Switzerland achieved over 50% of sales share in 2023. #### Two and three-wheelers Electric two and three-wheelers accounted for 13% of total sales in 2023 making it the most electrified vehicle segment globally. Historically, China dominated the electric two-wheeler market, but in 2023, the sales dropped by a quarter. This drop wasn\'t unique to China as the sales dropped globally by 18%. This decline was mainly caused by supply bottlenecks following the Covid-19 pandemic. In terms of electric three-wheelers, sales grew by 30% compared to 2022. China and India together account for nearly 95% of global sales. #### Used electric cars With increasing EV sales figures, used vehicles are becoming increasingly available and more affordable. In 2023, the market for used electric vehicles included about 800,000 vehicles in China, 400,000 in the United States and over 450,000 in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The prices of used electric cars are falling rapidly and are becoming increasingly competitive compared to conventional combustion engines. The used car market for electric vehicles plays a decisive role in promoting electric mobility to the masses. Similar to internal combustion engines, where the purchase of a used car is often the preferred method of buying in emerging and industrialised countries, we can expect a similar pattern to form for electric vehicles. In the EU, eight out of ten people buy their cars used. Since the market for electric vehicles is now mature, the availability of used cars is also increasing. Chapter 5 ## The development of electric vehicle and charging technology ### Smart charging Smart charging of electric vehicles, i.e. the use of cloud-connected charging devices is already somewhat of a standard in the industry. For business owners and consumers alike, smart EV charging allows — among other things— greater convenience and control over electricity consumption. ### Vehicle-to-Grid Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology makes it possible to transfer the electricity stored in electric vehicle batteries back to the grid in the same way stationary storages are connected to the grid. V2G services are already commercially available, and several charger manufacturers can supply V2G chargers. The V2G market is projected to grow to over €5 billion by 2024. The European standard for V2G charging, ISO 15118-20, developed back in 2020, defines the requirements for bidirectional charging. According to Bain & Company\'s forecasts, solutions for energy management will also account for around three thirds of the revenues from the charging business by 2030. Virta has been recognised as one of the global leaders in V2G technology. ### Plug&Charge Plug and Charge is a technology that greatly simplifies the charging process, enabling EV drivers to identify themselves safely and easily at the charging station by, as its name suggests, simply plugging in. #### Meaning and functionality Plug and Charge is based on the ISO 15118 standard, an international communication protocol for bi-directional communication between electric vehicles and charging stations. This protocol enables secure authentication of the vehicle directly via the charging cable. As soon as the vehicle is connected, the authentication data is automatically transferred and the charging process begins without the necessary manual steps. #### Importance for the EV charging industry Plug and Charge offers numerous advantages for the EV charging industry: 1. Ease of use: By eliminating the need for charging cards or apps, the charging process is simplified and more comfortable for EV drivers. 2. Security: The technology uses encrypted communication, increasing the security of transactions. 3. Efficiency: Faster and seamless charging processes lead to higher customer satisfaction and more efficient use of the charging infrastructure. 4. Compatibility and standardisation: The introduction of Plug&Charge promotes standardisation within the charging infrastructure and facilitates the integration of new vehicles and charging stations. #### Read also: * Smart charging of electric vehicles * Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) * ISO 15118-20 * Plug&Charge Chapter 6 ## The development of electric car batteries The increase in electric car registrations resulted in an increased production of automotive lithium-ion batteries. In 2023, EV battery demand increased by 40% from the previous year as EV sales continued to grow in all markets, especially in Europe and the US. The battery demand increase can be attributed to the growing sales of battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), which require batteries larger in size as opposed to hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). China remains the leading country for battery production, specifically heavy- duty battery production. About 12% of batteries produced in the country are exported. However, Europe is not staying behind. According to BloombergNEF, Europe’s share of global battery production could rise to 31% by 2030. ### China\'s role in battery production China continues to take the leading role in the upstream stages of the value chain. China accounts for almost 90% of the worldwide installed production capacities for active cathode materials and over 97% of the production capacities for active anode materials. The only countries with significant shares in the production capacity for active cathode materials outside China are Korea (9%) and Japan (3%). China\'s dominant position in battery production has led to an overproduction of batteries and makes the country the world\'s largest exporter of battery cells, cathodes and anodes worldwide. At the same time, this puts some manufacturers under pressure, as production capacities in Europe and the USA increased by 25% compared to the previous year, respectively. The IEA predicts that battery production will continue to focus around the largest centers of EV production until 2030. ### Battery prices witness a drop 2023 was the year when prices of EV batteries dropped. This was largely caused by prices of all major battery metals, like cobalt, graphite and manganese dropping. This caused an almost 14% price decrease of finished batteries compared to 2022. Battery production remains the cheapest in China, followed by North America and Europe. ### Improvements to be expected The market is expecting improvements in battery systems through battery pack reconfigurations, such as cell-to-pack1 and cell-to-chassis2. Innovation can also be expected in manufacturing to achieve improved battery performance. An example of this can be multi-layer electrodes which enable ultra-fast charging. ### Battery recycling necessary A common worry about electric car batteries is the difficulty of ensuring their sustainability. That’s where recycling and reuse must come into place. Global battery recycling capacity reached 300 GWh in 2023. By 2030, this number could grow to 1 500 GWh. The battery recycling industry is surely getting ready for the growth of EV battery retirement. 1Battery packs used in EVs are typically made of a series of modules, each containing several battery cells. In the cell-to-pack configuration, battery cells are assembled to build a pack without using modules, which reduces the need for inert materials and increases energy density. (Global EV Outlook 2024) 2In cell-to-chassis concepts, battery cells are used as part of the EV structure without being assembled into a battery pack beforehand. (Global EV Outlook 2024) Chapter 7 ## The environmental impact of EVs Altogether EVs consumed approximately 130 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2023. This corresponds to Norway’s total 2023 electricity consumption. EVs are projected to account for around 6-8% of global electricity consumption by 2035. As the electricity demand for charging electric vehicles grows, the need to protect the electricity grid grows with it. Careful planning of electricity infrastructure, the widespread use of smart charging and the implementation of smart energy management solutions for load management will all be crucial to ensure healthy and balanced power systems. ### EVs as battery storages EVs have the potential to become the saving grace of energy utilities in the future. By the 2040s, electric vehicles will add up to over 30 TWh of installed battery storage capacity. For utilities, this means that EVs offer cheap energy storage, with no capital cost and relatively low operating costs. This becomes especially interesting with the growth of renewable energies as their production tends to fluctuate. This technology is called Vehicle-To-Grid and enables energy to be pushed back to the power grid from the battery of an electric vehicle. ### Emission savings In 2023, EV use saved more than 220 million tonnes of GHG emissions EVs globally, compared to 80 million in 2022. In practice, EV emissions are mainly born due to the manufacturing process, while we can’t apply similar logic to internal combustion engine (ICE) cars. A battery electric vehicle sold in 2023 will only produce half the amount of emissions an internal combustine engine vehicle would over its lifecycle. In the grand scheme of things, it’s safe to conclude that the public debate over EVs vs ICE cars’ environmental impact is turning in favour of EVs. Future predictions based on the Stated Policies Scenario say that by 2035, using EVs could help avoid 2 Gt of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) of GHG emissions. ### The consequences of the SUV trend SUVs produce higher amount of emissions during production, approximately 70% higher than with smaller EVs. In addition, SUVs need larger batteries, putting higher demand on rare minerals and other resources. If all electric SUVs sold in 2023 would have been medium-sized vehicles, around 60 GWh of battery equivalent could have been saved globally, according to IEA. #### Read also: * Smart energy management * Are EVs really green? Chapter 8 ## The current EV-related policies It’s no secret that governmental and local policies play a huge role in accelerating EV adoption. Major markets (China, the US, Europe) that are currently seeing rapidly growing EV sales began their EV journeys by introducing policies like vehicle purchase incentives. These markets are now shifting from incentivising the sales of electric cars towards supporting heavy-duty transportation and roll- out of EV charging infrastructure. ### Example: The United Kingdom > The country stopped subsidising the sales of electric cars and dedicated GBP > 1.6 billion to growing the public charging infrastructure. In 2023, 53 600 > chargers were installed in the country. It\'s expected that 300 000 public > chargers will be installed in the country by 2030. On the other hand, in emerging economies with large car markets, subsidies and incentives for electric cars still play a key role in further growth. EV-related policies are crucial in driving countries towards their electrification targets. While some countries strive for 100% electrified sales, others plan to ban the sales of ICE vehicles completely. Let\'s take a closer look at the varying electrification targets of countries globally and their timeline. ![\\"electrification](\\" fs/hubfs/electrification%20targets%20by%20country-07-1.png?width=783&height=641&name=electrification%20targets%20by%20country-07-1.png\\")Source: Global EV Outlook 2023 In addition to purchase incentives and subsidy programmes, governments are also instituting various policies targeting the EV charging infrastructure, its accessibility and EV charging payments. These policies are meant to ensure seamless charging experiences for EV drivers and help EV adoption. #### Read also: * Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR): What you need to know * UK\'s Public Charge Point Regulations Chapter 9 ## The private sector\'s response to EVs The private sector, and car manufacturers, in particular, have responded positively to the ongoing changes in the market. Many car manufacturers have announced electrification of their fleets either partially or fully. Let\'s look at some of the major automakers\' electrification targets. ![\\"automakers](\\" fs/hubfs/automakers%20targets-13-1.png?width=727&height=813&name=automakers%20targets-13-1.png\\")Source: Global EV Outlook 2023 On the fleet side, EV100, a global initiative supporting the switch to zero- emission transportation with its 130 members, is committed to switching to electric and installing charging infrastructure for employees and customers by 2030. To list a few examples, Unilever pledges to transition its fleet of more than 11 000 vehicles to electric and install workplace EV charging for their staff. ABB also plans to switch to electric for their 11 000 fleet vehicles. But it\'s not only the companies that are part of EV100 introducing ambitious pledges. DHL has pledged to reach 70% clean operations of last-mile pick-ups and deliveries by 2025. And DB Schenker wants to make its transport activities in European cities emission-free by 2030. While actions like these are worthy of attention on their own, their fringe benefit is that they act as signalling devices for the rest of the market. In other words, public pledges like these pressure competitors and stakeholders to act faster than they otherwise would have. Chapter 10 ## Forecasts: EV market outlook by 2030 and beyond When it comes to the future, according to the Global EV Outlook 2024, there are three possible scenarios: ### 1\. The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) This scenario reflects existing policies and measures implemented by governments worldwide. It suggests that by **2030** , the global electric vehicle stock (excluding two/three-wheelers) will reach **nearly 250 million** vehicles and grows to **525 million in 2035** , when one in four vehicles on the road would be electric. Sales share could reach over 50% in 2035. ### 2\. The Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) This scenario assumes that all announced targets are fully met on time. That makes the scenario bit more ambitious. According to APS, almost **585 million EVs will be roaming global roads by 203** 5, representing around 66% of sales share. ### 3\. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) The NZE scenario assumes that Net Zero emissions will be achieved by 2050 and that global temperature increase can be limited to 1.5 C. NZE predicts that the global EV stock will have to reach **790 million EVs in 2035** , with EV sales climbing up to 95% of all vehicle sales in 2035 if we want to achieve Net Zero by 2050. ### What about Europe? The next few years will be crucial for Europe to secure its leading status. We expect to reach a first milestone of 14 million EVs by 2025. After that, low estimates mention EV sales share to reach 85% in 2035, while high estimates talk about 95%. ![\\"State](\\" From 2035 onwards, we expect 100 % of new cars sold in Europe to be electric. Of course, only time (and new data) will tell us if those predictions are to become realities. However, the latest trends are heading in the right direction. In other words, the time businesses embark on the EV train is now! Interested in learning about EV charging and starting your own EV charging operations? We\'d love to talk to you! Contact us Related topics ## From our blog Stay up to date with what is new in our industry, learn more about the upcoming products and events. Charging should be a non-event: 6 insights about the EV industry ![\\"Yellow](\\" fs/hubfs/Website%20assets%202024/Photos%20and%20images/Blog%20and%20news%20posts%20\(16-9\)/yellow- ev-at-fast-charging-station-blue-sky-and-wind- turbines.webp?width=1920&height=1080&name=yellow-ev-at-fast-charging-station- blue-sky-and-wind-turbines.webp\\") #### Charging should be a non-event: 6 insights about the EV industry Aug 21, 2024 3:27:12 PM 5 min read How the EU plans to boost the development of home EV charging ![\\"\\"](\\" using-EV-fast-DC-charging-station-next-to-car.webp\\") #### How the EU plans to boost the development of home EV charging Jun 14, 2024 10:26:11 AM 3 min read ### Stay ahead of the curve Subscribe to news and updates ### Download our app ![\\"Download](\\" download-on-the-app-store.svg\\") ![\\"Get](\\" get-it-on-google-play.svg\\") We work with * Business industries * Fleets * Resellers * Large enterprises Solutions & products * Standard charging solutions * Modular solutions * Migration to Virta Hub * Virta Hub (CPMS) * Charging stations * Virta Payment Kiosk Resources * Customer stories * Guides, videos & webinars * Blog * ROI calculator * AFIR * UK\'s Public Charge Point Regulations About * About us * Sustainability * Careers * News * Media * Security English * English * Deutsch * Français * Svenska * Privacy policy * Whistleblowing Copyright © 2024 Virta Global, VATIN FI25889862 ### Subscribe to our blog ### We promise we won\'t spam your inbox with unnecessary emails. 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Speaking about the violent protests in Charlottesville Virginia in 2017 Remember the violent confrontation that followed between those who spread hate and those with the courage to stand up to them And do you remember what the president said He said there were 'very good people on both sides' | 3,312 | ## ABC News ## Video ## Live ## Shows ## Elections ## 538 ## Shop Interest Successfully Added We\'ll notify you here with news about Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? OffOn ## Stream on ![\\"hulu\\"](\\" ![\\"Your](\\" Election Dashboard Interactive Map Primaries: Archive 29 29 days to election day # Trump defends 2017 \'very fine people\' comments, calls Robert E. Lee \'a great general\' President Trump\'s comments drew fresh attention after Joe Biden\'s announcement. ByJordyn Phelps April 27, 2019, 1:17 AM ![\\"\\"](\\" departure-01-ap-jc-190426_hpMain_16x9_992.jpg?w=992\\"/) 0:27 President Donald Trump speaks to the media as he departs the White House, Friday April 26, 2019. Jacquelyn Martin/AP President Donald Trump maintained he \"answered perfectly\" when he said there were \"very fine people on both sides\" of clashes at a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia. \"If you look at what I said, you will see that that question was answered perfectly,\" Trump said Friday in an exchange with ABC\'s Terry Moran. \"And I was talking about people that went because they felt very strongly about the monument to Robert E. Lee, a great general.\" The president went on to defend the legacy of Lee, who led the Confederate Army in the Civil War in defense of states\' rights to maintain slavery. ### (MORE: Trump said \'blame on both sides\' in Charlottesville, now the anniversary puts him on the spot) \"Whether you like it or not, he was one of the great generals. I have spoken to many generals here, right at the White House, and many people thought of the generals, they think maybe he was their favorite general. People were there protesting the taking down of the monument of Robert E. Lee. Everybody knows that,\" Trump said. The \"Unite the Right\" rally took place Aug. 11 and 12, 2017, in Charlottesville, where white nationalists protested the city’s decision to remove a statue of Lee. Rally participants chanted anti-Semitic, Nazi- associated phrases and clashed with counterprotesters. ![\\"PHOTO:](\\" comments-gty-jc-190426_hpEmbed_10x7_992.jpg\\"/) President Donald Trump answers questions about protests in Charlottesville after his state...Show more ---Show more Afp Contributor/AFP/Getty Images, FILE The president\'s original comments, made during a press conference in the lobby of Trump Tower in the days after Charlottesville, drew criticism at the time from Democrats -- and many Republicans -- who said the president did not offer an adequately strong condemnation of white supremacists and drew an equivalence between protesters and counterprotesters. The 2017 comments drew fresh attention after former Vice President Joe Biden highlighted them in his announcement that he is running for president. ### (MORE: Biden cites Charlottesville and saving \'soul\' of US in 2020 presidential bid) \"With those words, the president of the United States assigned a moral equivalence between those spreading hate and those with the courage to stand against it,\" Biden said in his announcement video, released Thursday. \"And in that moment, I knew the threat to this nation was unlike any I\'d ever seen in my lifetime.\" ![\\"\\"](\\" rally-rtr-jc-181002_hpEmbed_3_3x2_992.jpg\\"/) White nationalists participate in a torch-lit march on the grounds of the University of Virgi...Show more ---Show more Stephanie Keith/Reuters, FILE \"You also had some very fine people on both sides,\" Trump said in 2017. \"You had people in that group that were there to protest the taking down, of to them, a very, very important statue and the renaming of a park from Robert E. Lee to another name. You had people -- and I\'m not talking about the neo- Nazis and the white nationalists; they should be condemned totally -- you had many people in that group other than neo-Nazis and white nationalists.\" He went to say there were also \"troublemakers\" among the counterprotesters. ### (MORE: Charlottesville car rammer found guilty of first-degree murder) \"Now, in the other group also, you had some fine people but you also had troublemakers and you see them come with the black outfits and with the helmets and with the baseball bats. You had a lot of bad people in the other group, too,\" Trump said. One counterprotester, 32-year-old Heather Heyer, was killed when a rally participant deliberately drove into a group protesting the August 2017 rally. The driver has since been found guilty of first-degree murder. ## Related Topics * Donald Trump ![\\"ABC](\\" ## Popular Reads ![\\"\\"](\\" fourteen-01-ht-jt-241005_1728144756248_hpMain_1x1.jpg?w=208\\"/) ## Hurricane Milton intensifying * Oct 7, 4:11 AM ![\\"\\"](\\" paterson-ap-jt-241005_1728139728333_hpMain_1x1.jpg?w=208\\"/) ## Former New York governor assaulted on street * Oct 5, 8:46 PM ![\\"\\"](\\" biden-ap-jef-241004_1728067249905_hpMain_1x1.jpg?w=208\\"/) ## Biden concerned 2024 election won\'t be \'peaceful\' * Oct 5, 12:46 AM ![\\"\\"](\\" damage-01-gty-jef-241003_1727968348840_hpMain_1x1.jpg?w=208\\"/) ## Why the flooding in Asheville was so severe * Oct 4, 3:04 AM ![\\"\\"](\\" jt-240827_1724794628367_hpMain_1x1.jpg?w=208\\"/) ## Sweeping filing has new allegations in Jan. 6 case * Oct 3, 2:25 AM ### ABC News Live ![\\"ABC](\\" cdn.abcnews.com/streamprovider11.jpg?d=1728290551727\\"/) 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events ABC News Network About Nielsen Measurement Children\'s Online Privacy Policy Contact Us Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information Interest-Based Ads Privacy Policy Terms of Use Your US State Privacy Rights © 2024 ABC News |
Speaking about the violent protests in Charlottesville Virginia in 2017 Remember the violent confrontation that followed between those who spread hate and those with the courage to stand up to them And do you remember what the president said He said there were 'very good people on both sides' | 3,312 | I am Barack Obama, President of the United States -- AMA : r/IAmA Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/IAmA A chip A close button Get app Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu * Log In / Sign Up * Advertise on Reddit * Shop Collectible Avatars ### Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now Or check it out in the app stores Go to IAmA r/IAmA r/IAmA I Am A, where the mundane becomes fascinating and the outrageous suddenly seems normal. * * * 23M Members 790 Online • 12 yr. ago PresidentObama ADMIN MOD # I am Barack Obama, President of the United States -- AMA Hi, I’m Barack Obama, President of the United States. Ask me anything. I’ll be taking your questions for half an hour starting at about 4:30 ET. Proof it\'s me: We\'re running early and will get started soon. UPDATE: Hey everybody - this is barack. Just finished a great rally in Charlottesville, and am looking forward to your questions. At the top, I do want to say that our thoughts and prayers are with folks who are dealing with Hurricane Isaac in the Gulf, and to let them know that we are going to be coordinating with state and local officials to make sure that we give families everything they need to recover. Verification photo: LAST UPDATE: I need to get going so I\'m back in DC in time for dinner. But I want to thank everybody at reddit for participating - this is an example of how technology and the internet can empower the sorts of conversations that strengthen our democracy over the long run. AND REMEMBER TO VOTE IN NOVEMBER - if you need to know how to register, go to By the way, if you want to know what I think about this whole reddit experience - NOT BAD! [edit: link fixed by staff] Read more Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. WiSATechnologies • Promoted 🚀 WiSA Technologies Strikes $210 Million Deal with Data Vault Holdings for Expanding into High-Performance Computing and Acoustic Tech! 🎉 ![\\"Thumbnail](\\" preview.redd.it/a4NAYW9oWD-9p-vJ7VElWa0BBZfpKlV3YxWw6dhrPls.jpg?auto=webp&s=c35880d05d13ec09b3c5450eb8bfe73a4cd6c21f\\") Sort by: Q&A Open comment sort options * Best * Top * New * Controversial * Old * Q&A ![\\"u/gobearss](\\" gobearss • 12y ago • How do you balance family life and hobbies with, well, being the POTUS? Reply reply 330 more replies 330 more replies More replies ![\\"u/suzmerk](\\" suzmerk • 12y ago • What are you going to do to end the corrupting influence of money in politics during your second term? Reply reply 376 more replies 376 more replies More replies FifthSurprise • 12y ago • What was the most difficult decision that you had to make during this term? Reply reply 213 more replies 213 more replies More replies ![\\"u/ormirian](\\" ormirian • 12y ago • Edited 12y ago • Are you considering increasing funds to the space program? Edit: grammar Reply reply 1,097 more replies 1,097 more replies More replies ![\\"u/SharkGirl](\\" SharkGirl • 12y ago • We know how Republicans feel about protecting Internet Freedom. Is Internet Freedom an issue you\'d push to add to the Democratic Party\'s 2012 platform? Reply reply 403 more replies 403 more replies More replies daveforamerica • 12y ago • What is the first thing you\'ll do on November 7th, win or lose? Reply reply 110 more replies 110 more replies More replies ![\\"u/silent1mezzo](\\" silent1mezzo • 12y ago • What\'s the recipe for the White House\'s beer? Reply reply 282 more replies 282 more replies More replies ![\\"u/hmlee](\\" hmlee • 12y ago • I am recent law school graduate. Despite graduating from a top school, I find myself unemployed with a large student loan debt burden. While I\'m sure my immediate prospects will improve in time, it\'s difficult to be optimistic about the future knowing that my ability to live a productive life -- to have a fulfilling career, to buy a house, to someday raise a family -- is hampered by my debt and the bleak economic outlook for young people. I know that I\'m not alone in feeling this way. Many of us are demoralized. Your 2008 campaign was successful in large part due to the efforts of younger demographics. We worked for you, we campaigned for you, and we turned out in record numbers to vote for you. What can I say to encourage those in similar situations as I am to show up again in November? What hope can you offer us for your second term? Reply reply 711 more replies 711 more replies More replies ![\\"u/karlfranks](\\" preview.redd.it/0JExKrpqoOJCz1YrK2J4GuGFxMwze66KhkCHIv2daBc.png?width=64&height=64&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=66650a9e430d243eb5787b1863099b6e60cdca29\\"/) karlfranks • 12y ago • Who\'s your favourite Basketball player? Reply reply 149 more replies 149 more replies More replies ![\\"u/Biinaryy](\\" Biinaryy • 12y ago • Edited 12y ago • Here is a collection of all the questions and answers: Question: Link > I am recent law school graduate. Despite graduating from a top school, I > find myself unemployed with a large student loan debt burden. While I\'m > sure my immediate prospects will improve in time, it\'s difficult to be > optimistic about the future knowing that my ability to live a productive > life -- to have a fulfilling career, to buy a house, to someday raise a > family -- is hampered by my debt and the bleak economic outlook for young > people. I know that I\'m not alone in feeling this way. Many of us are > demoralized. Your 2008 campaign was successful in large part due to the > efforts of younger demographics. We worked for you, we campaigned for you, > and we turned out in record numbers to vote for you. What can I say to > encourage those in similar situations as I am to show up again in November? > What hope can you offer us for your second term? Answer: > I understand how tough it is out there for recent grads. You\'re right - > your long term prospects are great, but that doesn\'t help in the short > term. Obviously some of the steps we have taken already help young people at > the start of their careers. Because of the health care bill, you can stay on > your parent\'s plan until you\'re twenty six. Because of our student loan > bill, we are lowering the debt burdens that young people have to carry. But > the key for your future, and all our futures, is an economy that is growing > and creating solid middle class jobs - and that\'s why the choice in this > election is so important. The other party has two ideas for growth - more > taxs cuts for the wealthy (paid for by raising tax burdens on the middle > class and gutting investments like education) and getting rid of regulations > we\'ve put in place to control the excesses on wall street and help > consumers. These ideas have been tried, they didnt work, and will make the > economy worse. I want to keep promoting advanced manufacturing that will > bring jobs back to America, promote all-American energy sources (including > wind and solar), keep investing in education and make college more > affordable, rebuild our infrastructure, invest in science, and reduce our > deficit in a balanced way with prudent spending cuts and higher taxes on > folks making more than $250,000/year. I don\'t promise that this will solve > all our immediate economic challenges, but my plans will lay the foundation > for long term growth for your generation, and for generations to follow. So > don\'t be discouraged - we didn\'t get into this fix overnight, and we > won\'t get out overnight, but we are making progress and with your help will > make more. Question: Link > What\'s the recipe for the White House\'s beer? Answer: > It will be out soon! I can tell from first hand experience, it is tasty. Question: Link > What are you going to do to end the corrupting influence of money in > politics during your second term? Answer: > Money has always been a factor in politics, but we are seeing something new > in the no-holds barred flow of seven and eight figure checks, most > undisclosed, into super-PACs; they fundamentally threaten to overwhelm the > political process over the long run and drown out the voices of ordinary > citizens. We need to start with passing the Disclose Act that is already > written and been sponsored in Congress - to at least force disclosure of who > is giving to who. We should also pass legislation prohibiting the bundling > of campaign contributions from lobbyists. Over the longer term, I think we > need to seriously consider mobilizing a constitutional amendment process to > overturn Citizens United (assuming the Supreme Court doesn\'t revisit it). > Even if the amendment process falls short, it can shine a spotlight of the > super-PAC phenomenon and help apply pressure for change. Question: Link > What was the most difficult decision that you had to make during this term? Answer: > The decision to surge our forces in afghanistan. Any time you send our brave > men and women into battle, you know that not everyone will come home safely, > and that necessarily weighs heavily on you. The decision did help us blunt > the taliban\'s momentum, and is allowing us to transition to afghan lead - > so we will have recovered that surge at the end of this month, and will end > the war at the end of 2014. But knowing of the heroes that have fallen is > something you never forget. Question: Link > What is the first thing you\'ll do on November 7th, win or lose? Answer: > Win or lose, I\'ll be thanking everybody who is working so hard - especially > all the volunteers in field offices all across the country, and the amazing > young people in our campaign offices. Question: Link > How are you going help small businesses in 2013 and 2014? and what if any > bills are you going to implement for small businesses, in 2013, and 2014? Answer: > We\'ve really focused on this since I came into office - 18 tax cuts for > small business, easier funding from the SBA. Going forward, I want to keep > taxes low for the 98 percent of small businesses that have $250,000 or less > in income, make it easier for small business to access financing, and expand > their opportunities to export. And we will be implementing the Jobs Act bill > that I signed that will make it easier for startups to access crowd-funding > and reduce their tax burden at the start-up stage. Question: Link > Who\'s your favourite Basketball player? Answer: > Jordan - I\'m a Bulls guy. Question: Link > We know how Republicans feel about protecting Internet Freedom. Is Internet > Freedom an issue you\'d push to add to the Democratic Party\'s 2012 > platform? Answer: > Internet freedom is something I know you all care passionately about; I do > too. We will fight hard to make sure that the internet remains the open > forum for everybody - from those who are expressing an idea to those to want > to start a business. And although there will be occasional disagreements on > the details of various legislative proposals, I won\'t stray from that > principle - and it will be reflected in the platform. Question: Link > Are you considering increasing funds to the space program? Answer: > Making sure we stay at the forefront of space exploration is a big priority > for my administration. The passing of Neil Armstrong this week is a reminder > of the inspiration and wonder that our space program has provided in the > past; the curiosity probe on mars is a reminder of what remains to be > discovered. The key is to make sure that we invest in cutting edge research > that can take us to the next level - so even as we continue work with the > international space station, we are focused on a potential mission to a > asteroid as a prelude to a manned Mars flight. Question: Link > How do you balance family life and hobbies with, well, being the POTUS? Answer: > It\'s hard - truthfully the main thing other than work is just making sure > that I\'m spending enough time with michelle and the girls. The big > advantage I have is that I live above the store - so I have no commute! So > we make sure that when I\'m in DC I never miss dinner with them at 6:30 pm - > even if I have to go back down to the Oval for work later in the evening. I > do work out every morning as well, and try to get a basketball or golf game > in on the weekends just to get out of the bubble. Speaking of balance, > though, I need to get going so I\'m back in DC in time for dinner. But I > want to thank everybody at reddit for participating - this is an example of > how technology and the internet can empower the sorts of conversations that > strengthen our democracy over the long run. AND REMEMBER TO VOTE IN NOVEMBER > - if you need to know how to register, go to Gottaregister.com. By the way, > if you want to know what I think about this whole reddit experience - NOT > BAD! Edit: Added links. 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Speaking about the violent protests in Charlottesville Virginia in 2017 Remember the violent confrontation that followed between those who spread hate and those with the courage to stand up to them And do you remember what the president said He said there were 'very good people on both sides' | 3,312 | Hurricane-prone states The day in pictures Get the USA TODAY app Start the day smarter ☀️ U.S. Elections Sports Entertainment Life Money Tech Travel Opinion ONLY AT USA TODAY: Newsletters For Subscribers From the Archives Crossword eNewspaper Magazines Investigations Podcasts Video Humankind Just Curious Best-selling Booklist 24/7 Live Stream Legals OUR PORTFOLIO: 10Best USAT Wine Club Shopping Homefront Blueprint Southern Kitchen Best Auto Insurance Best Pet Insurance Best Travel Insurance Best Credit Cards Best CD Rates Best Personal Loans Home Internet POLITICS Donald Trump Add Topic # Trump defends response to Charlottesville violence, says he put it \'perfectly\' with \'both sides\' remark ![\\"Portrait](\\"/gcdn/-mm-/3c30331ec2b252db51b07134ee88ef2c5d35fe74/c=648-94-2158-1604/local/-/media/2019/02/13/USATODAY/USATODAY/636856575010103842-XXX- JG-137424-Staff-photos- in-9-26-2018-jmg-18231.JPG?width=48&height=48&fit=crop&format=pjpg&auto=webp\\") David Jackson USA TODAY ![\\"\\"](\\"/gcdn/presto/2019/04/26/USAT/dc02efb4-7209-4802-ba53-835dbed4d8f1-AFP_AFP_1FY5Q2.JPG?crop=4499,2511,x0,y387&width=660&height=371&format=pjpg&auto=webp\\"/) PlayPause Sound OnSound Off 0:00 1:11 AD SKIP ClosedCaptionOpen ShareEnter Full ScreenExit Full Screen WASHINGTON – President Donald Trump defended his widely criticized comments that there were fine people on \"both sides\" of the violent clashes in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2017, saying the utterance was put \"perfectly.\" \"If you look at what I said, you will see that that question was answered perfectly,\" he told reporters outside the White House on Friday. \"I was talking about people who went because they felt very strongly about the monument to Robert E. Lee, a great general.” The violence in Charlottesville erupted after counter-protesters clashed with white nationalists and others who were part of the Unite the Right rally. Those groups were protesting Charlottesville\'s decision to remove a statue of the Confederate general Robert E. Lee. The violence left one woman dead. Trump\'s \"both sides\" comment prompted bipartisan outrage with many people viewing the wording as equating the actions of the white nationalists to those of the counter-protesters. “It was not only morally ambiguous, it was equivocating,” then-House Speaker Paul Ryan, a Republican, said at a CNN Town Hall, adding that Trump\'s comments were \"wrong.\" Biden:Former VP uses Charlottesville as motivation for 2020 run: \'We are in the battle for the soul of this nation\' White supremacy:White supremacist terror is rising, and Trump\'s policies kneecap our ability to fight back \"People there were protesting the taking down of the monument to Robert E. Lee. Everybody knows that,\" Trump told reporters. The Charlottesville violence played a central role in new Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden\'s campaign announcement video on Thursday. In the message, Biden attacked the president\'s reaction. \"Trump stunned the world and shocked the conscience of this nation. He said there were ‘some very fine people on both sides.’ Very fine people on both sides?\" With those words, the president of the United States assigned a moral equivalence between those spreading hate and those with the courage to stand against it. And in that moment, I knew the threat to this nation was unlike any I had ever seen in my lifetime.\" Biden called Charlottesville \"a defining moment for this nation in the last few years.\" “We can\'t forget what happened in Charlottesville,\" he said. \"Even more important, we have to remember who we are. This is America.\" Asked if he still believed there were very fine people on both sides, Trump defended the demonstrators aggrieved at the removal of the Lee statue, and went on to praise the legacy of the Confederate general. \"Whether you like it or not, he was one of the great generals,\" he said. Analysts said organizers called the march to support white supremacy, not to protest statute removal. Trump \"continues to use the bully pulpit of the presidency to provide cover for racist violence,\" said Nicole Hemmer, a presidential historian at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. More:Who is running for president in 2020? An interactive guide Like what you\'re reading?:Download the USA TODAY app for more Tim Miller, an anti-Trump Republican, said the president is trying to re-write the history on the Charlottesville event. \"The organizers spent the evening before the rally chanting \'Jews will not replace us\' to clear up that this was a white supremacist gathering in case anyone was confused,\" Miller said. \"Trump is using weasel words to defend these white supremacist marchers because he thinks they are his base supporters.\" Featured Weekly Ad About Us Newsroom Staff Ethical Principles Responsible Disclosure Request a Correction Press Releases Accessibility Sitemap Subscription Terms & Conditions Terms of Service Privacy Policy Your Privacy Choices Contact Us Help Center Manage Account Give Feedback Get Home Delivery eNewspaper USA TODAY Shop USA TODAY Print Editions Licensing & Reprints Advertise With Us Advertising Acceptance Policy Careers Internships Support Local Business News Tips Submitting letters to the editor Podcasts Newsletters Mobile Apps Facebook X Instagram LinkedIn Threads YouTube Reddit Flipboard 10Best USAT Wine Club Shopping Best-selling Booklist Southern Kitchen Jobs Sports Betting Sports Weekly Studio Gannett Classifieds Homefront Home Internet Blueprint Auto Insurance Pet Insurance Travel Insurance Credit Cards Banking Personal Loans LLC Formation Payroll Software © 2024 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. |
Speaking about the violent protests in Charlottesville Virginia in 2017 Remember the violent confrontation that followed between those who spread hate and those with the courage to stand up to them And do you remember what the president said He said there were 'very good people on both sides' | 3,312 | TopThe U.S. National Archives Home Menu Blogs · Bookmark/Share · Contact Us Search Search ## Main menu * Research Our Records * Veterans\' Service Records * Educator Resources * Visit Us * America\'s Founding Documents Prologue Magazine Home > Publications > Prologue Magazine > Prologue | Spring 2011 > A Look Back at John Brown ### Prologue * Main Page * Previous Issues * Genealogy Notes * Special Issues * \"Pieces of History\" blog ### Resources * All Publications ![\\"National](\\"/sites/all/themes/nara/images/nara-print-logo.jpg\\"/) # A Look Back at John Brown Spring 2011, Vol. 43, No. 1 ### By Paul Finkelman ![\\"John](\\"/files/publications/prologue/2011/spring/images/brown- older-l.jpg\\"/) Enlarge For Southerners, Brown was the embodiment of all their fear—a white man willing to die to end slavery. For many Northerners, he was a prophet of righteousness. (111-BA-1101) As we celebrate the beginning of the sesquicentennial of the American Civil War, it is worthwhile to remember, and contemplate, the most important figure in the struggle against slavery immediately before the war: John Brown. When Brown was hanged in 1859 for his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, many saw him as the harbinger of the future. For Southerners, he was the embodiment of all their fears—a white man willing to die to end slavery—and the most potent symbol yet of aggressive Northern antislavery sentiment. For many Northerners, he was a prophet of righteousness, bringing down a terrible swift sword against the immorality of slavery and the haughtiness of the Southern master class. In 2000, the United States marked the bicentennial of Brown\'s birth. At that time, domestic terrorism was a growing problem. Bombings, ambushes, and assassinations had been directed at women\'s clinics and physicians in a number of places; a bomb planted in Atlanta\'s Centennial Olympic Park during the 1996 summer Olympics had killed one person and wounded more than a hundred people; in 1995 a pair of right-wing extremists had planted a bomb at the Alfred A. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people and injuring more than 680 others. During that bicentennial year, a number of historians and others talked about whether John Brown was America\'s first terrorist. Was he a model for the cowards who planted bombs at clinics, in public parks, or in buildings? Significantly, at least one modern terrorist, Paul Hill, compared himself to John Brown after he was arrested for murdering two people who worked at a women\'s clinic in Florida. A year after Brown\'s bicentennial, the United States was faced with multiple terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. The meaning of terrorism had changed. It was no longer the result of random attacks by an individual or two. Now it was tied to a worldwide conspiracy, coordinated overseas and meticulously planned. The American response was a \"war on terror.\" In an age of rising incidents of terrorism, numerous scholars, and more important, much of the general public, have again asked if John Brown was America\'s \"first terrorist.\" Some Definitions of Terrorism There are no complete or certain definitions of terrorism. Terrorists seek to \"terrify\" people and strike fear in the minds of those at whom their terror is directed. This, however, is not a complete definition. After all, few would consider soldiers in warfare terrorists, yet surely they try to make their enemy \"fearful\" of them. Starting with World War II, large-scale bombing has been a fact of modern warfare, but bombing of military targets is surely not an act of terrorism, even though the civilian population may be harmed or terrorized. This aspect of warfare is hardly new. Siege warfare of the ancient and medieval world surely terrorized those inside castles or towns. Similarly, the long sieges of the Civil War, as well as decisions by both sides to strike at civilian targets that aided the war effort, surely terrorized populations. The trench warfare and artillery duels of World War I terrorized millions of civilians, but this was not essentially terrorism. So, what beyond scaring or frightening people constitutes terrorism? How do we define the \"terrorist?\" For terrorists, the \"terror\" itself, the act of violence, is the goal rather than simply the means to an end. Terrorists may hope for political change, but what they often want is to simply strike back at and harm those they oppose. The act of terror becomes the goal, with no expectation that anything else will follow. This makes terrorism different from other kinds of illegal activity or violence. A kidnapper wants a ransom; a hostage taker usually has \"demands\" that should be met; a robber simply wants money or goods and might be willing to kill for them. But the terrorist often has no demands and no goals other than to terrorize. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols made no demands; they wanted nothing other than to kill and destroy. Those who attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon only wanted to kill, destroy, and terrorize. They made no demands, asked for nothing, and by their own design would not have even been alive to negotiate for whatever they might have wanted. ## Learn more about: * The exhibit Discovering the Civil War. * Selected online records relating to the Civil War. Another hallmark of terrorists is indiscriminate killing; it helps spread terror. Terrorists generally do not care who they kill—adults, children, old people, women, men—although sometimes assassinations are an exception to this. Terrorists are not concerned about collateral damage. Planting a bomb or shooting indiscriminately is a key indicator of terrorism. It does not even matter if some of those who die are sympathetic to the terrorists or of their own ethnic group. A number of American Muslims died in the attack on the World Trade Center because that is where they worked, but these collateral deaths were of no consequence to those who planned the attack. For terrorists, indiscriminate killing helps spread terror. Similarly, for terrorist killers there is no reason to spare lives or minimize death—every life is a legitimate target. Terrorists usually attack nonmilitary targets and those who are unable to defend themselves. Often their victims are what might be called noncombatants in whatever ongoing struggle there is. One common aspect of terrorists is that they avoid direct contact and confrontation with those who are armed, especially the military. Tied to this, most terrorists plan their actions to have the greatest impact and to kill the most people. Terrorists also act in secret and try to avoid anyone knowing who they are. They often wear masks and in other ways try to hide their identity. The classic American terrorist is the sheeted Klansman, with his face covered, killing, beating, mutilating, burning, and raping, to terrorize those who supported racial equality and black suffrage. Because they are violent and seek to kill, maim, or destroy property, terrorists naturally must be secretive. After their acts, however, they are likely to openly (but anonymously) brag about their crimes. Terrorism also has a political context. This is particularly important to see when we try to make the distinction between terrorism and revolution. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson set out a series of principles that justified violent overthrow of the government. One was a \"long train of abuses.\" Even more important for Jefferson and his colleagues was the lack of access to the political process to change things peacefully. From the American perspective, in 1776, there was not a political solution to the crisis because Americans had no voice in the British government. In addition, the American Revolution was a response to attacks initiated by the British. Thus, where there are no political avenues for change, violence—such as the American troops firing at the British—becomes revolution. But where the political processes are open, violence becomes terrorism. This was even true for the 9-11 terrorists. Nothing prevented them from politically organizing, demonstrating, and educating the American public about the changes they wanted. Their choice was to short-circuit the political options in favor of violence and terrorism. With these general understandings, let us turn to John Brown, first to understand what he did, and second to see if it fits in the context of terrorism. What Brown Did Brown is connected to terrorism for two events in his life: the Pottawatomie raid in the Kansas Territory in 1856 and his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1859. Both involved violence and killing. Both have led some people to claim Brown was a terrorist. On the night of May 24, 1856, Brown led a raiding party of four of his sons, his son-in-law, and two other men to Pottawatomie Creek. For the most part, this raid was unplanned and almost spontaneous. Brown acted in retaliation for a raid on the free state settlement at Lawrence, the killings of free state settlers in Kansas, and persistent threats by the proslavery settlers along Pottawatomie Creek. Brown and his men entered three cabins, interrogated a number of men, and eventually killed five of them, all with swords and knives. Some were killed quickly, while others, who resisted, were cut in many places. Brown and his men then departed. Significantly, although Brown and his men killed five proslavery settlers, they did not kill all the Southern settlers they encountered. They spared the life of the wife and teenage son of one of the men they killed, even though these people could have identified the raiders. At another cabin, they interrogated two men and let them go, convinced they had not threatened free state settlers or been involved in violent actions against the free state settlers. At a third house they also spared the wife of one man, even while they killed him. Three and a half years later, on the evening of October 16, 1859, John Brown and 18 \"soldiers\" seized the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown\'s plans were fantastic—some would say insane. He would use the arms in the arsenal—as well as old-fashioned pikes he had had specially manufactured—to begin a guerrilla war against slavery. The core of his army would be the mostly white band of raiders who seized the arsenal. But soon, he hoped—he believed—he just knew—that hundreds or even thousands of slaves would join him in the fight against the \"peculiar institution.\" He predicted that once word of his raid got out, slaves from throughout the region would appear at his side, as bees \"swarm to the hive.\" During his raid, Brown and his men had captured a number of slave owners in the area, including Lewis Washington, the great-grand-nephew of President George Washington. Brown did not kill any of these captured men, and he went out of his way to protect them and make sure they were not harmed. While in Harpers Ferry, the raiders killed a railroad baggage handler, who ironically was a free black, when he refused their orders to halt. In a firefight they killed a few townsmen, including the mayor. At one point Brown stopped a passenger train, held it for a while, and then released it. The train continued on to Washington, DC, where the crew dutifully reported to officials that Brown had seized Harpers Ferry. The next day, October 18, U.S. marines, under the command of Army Brevet Col. Robert E. Lee, captured Brown in the engine house on the armory grounds. By this time, most of the raiders were either dead or wounded. ![\\"John](\\"/files/publications/prologue/2011/spring/images/brown- trial-l.jpg\\"/) Enlarge Brown\'s trial in Charlestown, Virginia, began in October 1859. He was charged with and convicted of treason, murder, and conspiring with slaves to revolt. Severely wounded during his capture, Brown had to be carried into court and lay on a stretcher. (Harpers Ferry National Park) Ten days later, Brown\'s trial began in Charlestown, Virginia (now West Virginia). He was charged with treason, murder, and conspiring with slaves to rebel. He was convicted on November 2 and sentenced to death. Before his sentencing, Brown told the court that his actions against slavery were consistent with God\'s commandments. \"I believe,\" he said in a speech that electrified many Northerners who later read it, \"that to have interfered as I have done in behalf of His despised poor, is no wrong, but right. Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say \'let it be done.\'\" In the month between his sentencing on November 2 and his execution on December 2, Brown wrote brilliant letters that helped to create, in the minds of many Northerners, his image as a Christ-like martyr who gave his life so that the slaves might be free. Indeed, Frederick Douglass would later say that he lived for the slave, but John Brown was willing to \"die for the slave.\" Brown welcomed his end, declaring: \"I am worth inconceivably more to hang than for any other purpose.\" For abolitionists and antislavery activists, black and white, Brown emerged as a hero, a martyr, and ultimately, a harbinger of the end of slavery. Most Northern whites, especially those not committed to abolition, were aghast at the violence of his action. Yet there was also widespread support for him in the region. Northerners variously came to see Brown as an antislavery saint, a brave but foolish extremist, a lunatic, and a threat to the Union. The future Republican governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew, summed up the feelings of many Northerners when he refused to endorse Brown\'s tactics or the wisdom of the raid, but declared that \"John Brown himself is right.\" But most Republican politicians worried that they would be tarred by his extremism and lose the next election. Democrats and what remained of the Whigs (who would become Constitutional Unionists), by contrast, feared that Brown\'s raid would polarize the nation, put the Republicans in power, and chase the South out of the Union. For white Southerners, Brown was the worst possible nightmare: a fearless, committed abolitionist, armed, accompanied by blacks, and willing to die to end slavery. Indeed, in the minds of Southerners, Brown was the greatest threat to slavery the South had ever witnessed. Most Southerners had at least a vague fear of slave rebellions. But Southerners had convinced themselves that most slaves were content with their status and that, in any event, blacks were incapable of anything worse than sporadic violence. Brown, however, raised the ominous possibility of armed black slaves, led by whites, who together would destroy Southern white society. Who was this lunatic, this mad man, this abolitionist hero, this saint, this martyr to freedom? Was he America\'s first terrorist? Who Was John Brown? In many ways Brown was a typical 19th-century American. He was born in Torrington, Connecticut, into a family of deeply religious Congregationalists who were Puritan in their heritage and overtly antislavery in their views. When he was five, the family moved to what was then the \"West.\" They migrated to Hudson, Ohio, which was in the Western Reserve between Akron and Cleveland. The region was full of New Englanders, especially from Connecticut. Brown grew up in an atmosphere in which everyone despised slavery. Both Brown and his father were early supporters of the new abolitionism that emerged in the 1830s. Brown\'s father, a prominent businessman with a large tannery, was involved in trying to make Western Reserve College into an antislavery stronghold. When that failed, the elder Brown supported the creation of Oberlin College as a racially integrated coeducational institution of higher learning with an antislavery bent. Despite his father\'s association with colleges, Brown had little formal education. Early in his life he considered becoming a clergyman, and he returned to Connecticut to attend a preparatory school as a prelude to going to a seminary. But that possibility ended when he flunked out of the school. By age 20 he was married and a foreman in his father\'s tannery. His bride, Dianthe Lusk, gave birth to seven children before she died in 1832. Five of those children lived until adulthood. In 1833 he married Mary Ann Day, an uneducated 16-year-old, half his age. She would have 13 children, but only six would survive to adulthood. In 1825 Brown moved to western Pennsylvania, where he was a successful tanner and a postmaster (under President John Quincy Adams). Despite his own poor education and struggles with schooling, he helped start a local school. A proper burgher of the community, he became a church leader and joined the Masons. In 1834 his business went bad, and he moved back to Ohio, starting a tannery in Kent. There he speculated in land and won a contract to build a canal from Kent (then called Franklin Mills) to Akron. He formed the Franklin Land Company with 700 acres for building houses. As we recall Brown\'s future activities, it is fascinating to also contemplate the image of John Brown as a suburban developer. But the panic of 1837 changed everything. By the end of the year, Brown was bankrupt. For the next five years he dodged creditors before finally declaring bankruptcy in 1842 and losing almost everything he owned. Up to this point in his life, Brown had done nothing to indicate he was particularly political or unusually antislavery. He was, in fact, a fairly conventional Jacksonian, trying to increase his status and wealth and always looking for the next opportunity: tanner, canal builder, suburban developer, and in the wake of the panic, bankrupt. By 1844, Brown was back in the business world, raising sheep with a wealthy business partner in Akron. But his inept business skills did him in again, especially an attempt to sell 200,000 pounds of wool in England, which was an exporter of wool. Oddly, while his creditors sued him, no one accused him of dishonesty or lacking integrity. Even people whose finances were almost ruined by his behavior liked him. ![\\"refer](\\"/files/publications/prologue/2011/spring/images/brown-1850-l.jpg\\"/) Enlarge John Brown in the 1850s. He had tried to succeed as a tanner, sheep rancher, suburban developer, and canal builder but was undone by failing economic conditions and his inept business skills. (127-N-521396) View in National Archives Catalog In 1854—at age 54—Brown was a failed businessman, an impoverished farmer with a few head of cattle in Ohio and some land in Upstate New York—at North Elba—that he had not yet paid for. That year five of his sons and his son-in- law moved to Kansas. In part they went to improve their economic status and find new, virgin soil for farming. But they also went to spread freedom in the West. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 had organized the new Kansas Territory without banning slavery. Under that law, the settlers themselves would decide the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty. Thus, when the Browns moved to Kansas, they were making a political statement to help ensure that Kansas would be a free state. During this period, Brown had gradually emerged as an unyielding opponent of slavery. He participated in the underground railroad and in 1851 helped found the League of Gileadites, an organization of whites, free blacks, and runaway slaves dedicated to protecting fugitive slaves from slave catchers. In the 1840s Brown was in contact with such antislavery leaders as Gerrit Smith and Frederick Douglass. Yet as late as 1855 Brown remained a marginal figure in the antislavery movement and in all other ways historically insignificant. In 1855 Brown joined his sons and son-in-law in Kansas, settling along the Osawatomie River. In December 1855 he helped defend Lawrence, the center of antislavery settlers, from an armed attack by proslavery forces. On May 21, 1856, though, when Brown was elsewhere, proslavery men sacked and burned the free-soil town, destroying the printing press there, burning buildings, and terrorizing the residents. Three days later, Brown and his band of free-state guerrillas killed five Southern settlers along the Pottawatomie River, decapitating some of them with swords. Later that summer, a proslavery minister, working as a scout for the U.S. Army, murdered Brown\'s unarmed son Frederick, shooting him in the heart at close range. His body, when discovered, was riddled with bullets. Throughout the rest of 1856, Brown and his remaining sons fought in Kansas and Missouri. Some of these encounters were pitched battles between Brown\'s small army and proslavery forces, which were sometimes abetted by the U.S. Army. By the end of 1856, Brown was one of the most renowned (and either hated or adored) figures in \"bleeding Kansas,\" and in the East he became known as \"Osawatomie Brown\" or \"Old Osawatomie.\" For some New England abolitionists he was approaching the status of a cult figure. Taciturn, blunt, gruff—and armed—Brown had become a symbol of the emerging holy crusade against slavery. Those in the East knew he fought against slavery, but few were aware of the exact nature of his role in the gory events at Pottawatomie. Within two weeks after the incident, the play Osawatomie Brown appeared on Broadway. The play accused Brown\'s enemies of the massacre at Pottawatomie and suggested that the real killers had blamed Brown in order to discredit him. Moreover, ever since the massacre, James Redpath, an English journalist who later wrote Brown\'s biography, had been assuring readers that Brown was not responsible for the murders. Thus, when Brown went on a fund-raising trip to Massachusetts and Connecticut in 1857, no one saw him as a killer. At the time, he denied any role in the Pottawatomie murders, and his abolitionist supporters in the East gladly accepted his disavowal at face value. Brown\'s eastern contacts thought their donations to him would go to support the war against slavery in Kansas. Actually, Brown was already planning a raid on Harpers Ferry. As early as 1854, Brown had been thinking, and talking, about an organized war against slavery in Virginia. His focus, from the beginning, seems to have been on Harpers Ferry, the site of a federal arsenal and armory. By 1857 his plans were beginning to take shape. In March 1857 he hired a Connecticut forgemaster to make a thousand pikes, allegedly for use in Kansas but actually to be given to slaves who he believed would flock to his guerrilla army once he invaded the South. ![\\"John](\\"/files/publications/prologue/2011/spring/images/brown- provisional-constitution.jpg\\"/) Enlarge In 1858 Brown wrote a constitution for the revolutionary state he hoped to create. (Records of the Adjutant General s Office, 1780\'s-1917) View in National Archives Catalog In January and February 1858 he spent a month at the home of Frederick Douglass, planning his raid and writing a provisional constitution for the revolutionary state Brown hoped to create. Brown begged Douglass to join him. Douglass was sympathetic to Brown\'s goals but believed the plan was suicidal: \"You\'re walking into a perfect steel-trap and you will never get out alive,\" he told Brown. Nevertheless, Douglass introduced Brown to Shields Green, a fugitive slave from South Carolina who joined Brown—and whom Virginia authorities hanged after the raid. In the early spring of 1858, Brown began raising large amounts of money for his raid, writing potential backers that he was planning some \"[underground] Rail Road business on a somewhat extended scale.\" However, in person he made it clear that he intended to do more than merely help large numbers of slaves to escape. On February 22, 1858, Brown revealed his general plans—and his provisional constitution—to Gerrit Smith and Franklin Sanborn. Brown also contacted black leaders to help recruit free blacks. In March 1858 Brown met in Boston with the Reverend Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Theodore Parker, George Stearns, Samuel Gridley Howe, and Franklin Sanborn. These five, along with Smith, made up the \"Secret Six,\" Brown\'s primary financial backers. In June 1858, traveling as \"Shubel Morgan,\" Brown headed west, raising more money and recruiting more raiders in Cleveland. While Brown continued on to Kansas, John E. Cook, one of his raiders, moved to Harpers Ferry, where he found work and learned what he could about the community, the armory, and the lay of the land. He also fathered a child and married a local woman. In December 1858 Brown once again made headlines for his exploits in the West. He invaded Missouri, where he killed a slave owner, liberated 11 slaves, and brilliantly evaded law enforcement officers as he led the freed blacks to Canada. There Brown met a black printer, Osborne Perry Anderson, who would later take part in the Harpers Ferry raid. Although a wanted man with a price of $250 on his head, Brown returned to the United States, traveling and speaking in Ohio, New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Brown also contacted the \"Secret Six\" who were financing him. In June 1859 Brown visited his home in North Elba, New York, for the last time, where he said good-bye to his wife and daughters. Brown probably knew that he was unlikely to see his family again, something he stoically accepted as a cost of his crusade against slavery. He was less accepting of his son Salmon, however, who decided he would not join his father on an apparently suicidal mission into Virginia. Brown and his sons Oliver and Owen arrived in Harpers Ferry on July 3, 1859, and Brown rented a farm in Maryland, about seven miles from Harpers Ferry. He expected large numbers of men to enlist in his \"army,\" but by September only 18 had arrived, including another of Brown\'s sons, Watson. By mid-October, a few more arrived. On Sunday, October 16, Brown and his men began their raid. They made a strange assortment: veterans of the struggles in Kansas, fugitive slaves, free blacks, transcendental idealists, Oberlin College men, and youthful abolitionists on their first foray into the world. The youngest was 18. The oldest, Dangerfield Newby, was a 44-year-old fugitive slave from Virginia who hoped to rescue his wife from bondage. But most of the raiders were in their 20s, half the age of their leader, the 59-year-old Brown. Brown left three of his recruits to guard their supplies and arms at the farmhouse in Maryland. The remaining 18 raiders, 13 whites and five blacks, marched with John Brown to Harpers Ferry. Brown\'s small army arrived in Harpers Ferry at night and quickly secured the federal armory and arsenal and later Hall\'s Rifle Works, which manufactured weapons for the national government. With the telegraph wires cut, Brown might have easily seized the weapons in the town, liberated slaves in the neighborhood, and then taken to the hills. Or he might have destroyed the armory and literally blown up the town. Inexplicably, though, he remained in the armory, waiting for slaves to flock to his standard. They never came. Instead, townsmen and farmers surrounded the armory. These civilians were probably not strong enough to dislodge Brown, but they kept him pinned down. Although Brown tried to negotiate with the civilians, his emissaries, including his son Watson, were shot while under a white flag. By the morning of October 18, eight of Brown\'s men were dead or captured, and that same day militia from Virginia and Maryland arrived. President James Buchanan had dispatched U.S. marines and soldiers to Harpers Ferry, with Brevet Colonel Lee in command. Directly under Lee was another Virginian, Lt. J.E.B. Stuart. That morning, marines stormed the engine house of the armory, capturing Brown and a few of his raiders and killing the rest. By the end of the raid, of the 22 who had been involved in the plot, 10 of Brown\'s men, including his sons Watson and Oliver, were dead or mortally wounded; five, including Brown, had been captured. Seven escaped, but two were later captured in Pennsylvania and returned to Virginia for trial and execution. The other five, including Brown\'s son Owen, made their way to safe havens in Canada and remote parts of the North. All but Owen Brown later served in the Union Army. ![\\"refer](\\"/files/publications/prologue/2011/spring/images/brown- grave-l.jpg\\"/) Enlarge Brown\'s grave at his family farm in North Elba, New York, became a pilgrimage site. (Library of Congress) Brown\'s capture on October 18 set the stage for his trial and execution. Severely wounded, Brown had to be carried into court on October 25 for a preliminary hearing and on October 27 for his trial. The judge would not even delay the proceedings a day to allow Brown\'s lawyer to arrive. The trial was speedy. On November 2 Brown was convicted and sentenced to death. He was executed on December 2, and on December 8 he was buried at the family farm in North Elba, near Lake Placid. Many Northerners interpreted the hasty actions of the Virginia authorities in trying and executing Brown as another example of Southern injustice. The apparent lack of due process in his trial thus contributed to the Northern perception that Brown was a martyr. The most absurd aspect of the trial was the charge against Brown. He was indicted and convicted of \"treason\" against the state of Virginia. But as Brown pointed out, he had never lived in Virginia, never owed loyalty to the state, and therefore could not have committed treason against the state. Most Southerners, however, saw Virginia\'s actions as a properly swift response to the unspeakable acts of a dangerous man whose goal was to destroy their entire society. By the time of his execution, the entire nation was fixated on this bearded man who spoke and looked like a biblical prophet and whose deeds thrilled—whether with fear or admiration or both—an entire generation. Indicative of this fixation is a shared aspect in the otherwise divergent responses of Wendell Phillips and Edmund Ruffin—the great abolitionist orator and the fire-eating Virginia secessionist. In the year following the raid, each of them prominently carried and displayed a \"John Brown pike\" that Brown had ordered from the Connecticut foundry. For Phillips the pike symbolized the glory, and for Ruffin the horror, of a servile insurrection led by a resurrected Puritan willing to die to overthrow slavery. Terrorist, Guerrilla Fighter, Revolutionary? Brown\'s actions in Kansas and at Harpers Ferry were clearly violent. He killed people or at least supervised their death. But was he a terrorist? At neither place do his actions comport with what we know about modern terrorists. The Harpers Ferry raid was his most famous act. Brown held Harpers Ferry from late Sunday night, October 16, until he was captured on the 18th. He was in possession of almost unlimited amounts of gunpowder and weapons. He had captured prominent citizens, most famously Colonel Washington. He stopped a train full of passengers and freight. What would modern terrorists have done in such circumstances? They might have let the train go, only after they had robbed all the passengers to fund further acts of terror, and then blown up the bridge as the train crossed from Virginia to Maryland. They might have planted explosives on the train and let it proceed, as terrorists did in Spain a few years ago. What did Brown do? He boarded the train, let people know who he was, and was seen by people who might later have identified him. Then he let the train continue on to Washington. These were not the actions of a terrorist. While in Harpers Ferry, Brown might have blown up the federal armory (or indeed most of the town) after taking as much powder and weapons as his men could carry. He might have broken into homes of prominent people and slaughtered them. Brown did none of these things. He waited, foolishly for sure, for the slaves in the area to flock to him. He was caught in a firefight with local citizens, and he was captured by the U.S. forces. He proved to be a disastrous military leader and a failed \"captain\" of his brave and idealistic troops. But he never acted like a terrorist. He ordered no killings; he did not wantonly destroy property; and he cared for his hostages. This is simply not how terrorists act. The events at Kansas are similar. Brown targeted a number of individuals who had been leading—violently leading—proslavery forces in the area. At the home of James Doyle, the raiders did not kill his 16-year-old son or his wife, Mahala, even though both could have identified Brown and his men. Brown\'s men killed Allen Wilkinson, but not his wife, Louisa, who recognized one of Brown\'s sons from his voice. Mrs. Wilkinson was ill at the time, and after killing her husband, Brown asked her if there would be neighbors who could help care for her. Surely, as Robert McGlone notes, it might seem \"bizarre\" that Brown was concerned about her health after he had just killed her husband. But her husband was guilty of attacking free state men and threatening the Browns, and so he was (in John Brown\'s mind) justly executed. But his wife was innocent and not punished. This was not the behavior of a terrorist. Kansas—Bleeding Kansas as it is known—was in the midst of a civil war. Between 1855 and 1860 about 200 men would be killed in Kansas. Not all were politically motivated, and historians disagree on what constitutes a \"political\" killing. But even the most conservative scholar of this violence finds 56 killings that were tied to slavery and politics. I think this number is low, and that most of the 200 deaths were actually politically motivated and tied to slavery and Bleeding Kansas. But the actual number of political killings is less important than the understanding that in Kansas there was a violent civil war being fought over slavery; men on both sides were killed. Brown\'s actions are most famous because there were five killings, and he strategically used swords, rather than guns, which would have alerted neighbors. This is the nature of guerrilla warfare. It is brutal and bloody, but it is not terrorism. There is also a political context. In Kansas there was no democratic government. Elections were notoriously fraudulent and violent. The majority of the settlers were from the free states, but the national government recognized a minority government that was proslavery. That legislature made it a crime to publicly oppose slavery. There was, at least under the formal law, no free speech in Kansas for abolitionists. This was also true in Virginia, when John Brown raided Harpers Ferry. He could not have gone to Virginia to denounce slavery or even urge Virginians to give up slavery. Thus, in this sense Brown was not fighting against democratic institutions in a free society; rather he was fighting against an unfree society that denied him basic civil liberties and, in Kansas, even the right to have a fair election. Remembering, Honoring, John Brown So, what in the end can we make of John Brown? If he was not a terrorist—what was he? He might be seen as revolutionary, trying to start a revolution to end slavery and fulfill the goals of the Declaration of Independence. As proslavery border ruffians tried to prevent democracy in Kansas, and were willing to murder and assault supporters of freedom, John Brown surely had a right to defend his settlement and his side. Brown did not carefully plan the Pottawatomie raid the way Terry Nicholas and Timothy McVeigh planned the Oklahoma City bombing. He reacted to specific threats and the sacking of Lawrence by a proslavery mob. This was not terrorism, but a fact of warfare in Bleeding Kansas. Nevertheless, modern Americans are uncomfortable endorsing his vengeful violence in Kansas, however necessary it may have been. Similarly, no one, not even the slaveholders, could deny that slaves might legitimately fight for their own liberty. If slaves could fight for their liberty, then surely a white man like Brown was not morally wrong for joining in the fight against bondage. Thus Harpers Ferry is in the end a blow for freedom, against slavery. Who can deny the legitimacy of such a venture, however foolish, poorly designed, and incompetently implemented? But in a society of democratic traditions, Americans recoil at the idea of violent revolution and raids on government armories, even when, as was the case in Virginia in 1859, democracy was something of a sham, and there was neither free speech nor free political institutions. In the end, we properly view Brown with mixed emotions: admiring him for his dedication to the cause of human freedom, marveling at his willingness to die for the liberty of others, yet uncertain about his methods, and certainly troubled by his incompetent tactics at Harpers Ferry. Perhaps we end up accepting the argument of the abolitionist lawyer and later governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew, who declared \"whether the enterprise of John Brown and his associates in Virginia was wise or foolish, right or wrong; I only know that, whether the enterprise itself was the one or the other, John Brown himself is right.\" Paul Finkelman received his B.A. from Syracuse University and his Ph.D. in history from the University of Chicago. He is the President William McKinley Distinguished Professor of Law and Public Policy at Albany Law School. He is the author or editor of more than 25 books and over 150 scholarly articles. His legal history scholarship has been cited by numerous courts, including the United States Supreme Court. Note on Sources The very best discussion of Brown in Kansas is found in Robert E. McGlone, John Brown\'s War Against Slavery (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009). The quotation from Brown\'s speech in court is from Life and Letters of John Brown, Liberator of Kansas, and Martyr of Virginia, ed. Franklin B. Sanborn (1885), p. 585. Quotations of Frederick Douglass and Brown are from Stephen B. Oates, To Purge This Land With Blood: A Biography of John Brown, 2nd ed. (Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 1984), p. 335. For more on Brown\'s self-created martyrdom, see Paul Finkelman, His Soul Goes Marching On: Responses to John Brown and the Harpers Ferry Raid (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1995), pp. 41–66. For the conservative estimate of the number of political killings in Kansas, see Dale E. Watts, \"How Bloody was Bleeding Kansas? Political Killings in the Kansas Territory, 1854–1861,\" Kansas History, 18 (1995): 116–129. John Andrew\'s declaration that \"John Brown himself is right\" is quoted in Owald Garrison Villard, John Brown, 1800–1859: A Biography Fifty Years Later (New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1943), p. 557. Articles published in Prologue do not necessarily represent the views of NARA or of any other agency of the United States Government. This page was last reviewed on May 16, 2023. 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The media tries to underestimate the number of protesters but friends in Berlin tell me that 1 million people say NO to quarantine masks and dictatorial Covid19 restrictions | 3,314 | Global Locations * research * emissary * about * experts * more * support * programs * events * blogs * podcasts * videos * Newsletters * Annual Reports * careers Middle East Topics & Regions Topicssee all topics Regionssee all regions Donate Carnegie Endowment for International Peace * Washington DC, USA * Carnegie China * Activities in Singapore and Beijing, China * Carnegie Europe * Brussels, Belgium * Carnegie India * New Delhi, India * Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center * Beirut, Lebanon * Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center * Berlin, Germany * research * emissary * about * experts * donate * support * programs * events * blogs * podcasts * videos * Newsletters * Annual Reports * careers Middle East See All TopicsSee All Regions ## Global Protest Tracker A one-stop source for following crucial trends in the most significant antigovernment protests worldwide since 2017. Last updated on August 26, 2024 For a short informational summary of recent pro-Israel and pro-Palestine protests and rallies, click here. Over 700 significant antigovernment protests have erupted worldwide. More than 147 countries have experienced significant protests. 18% of protests have lasted more than three months. 258 significant economic antigovernment protests have occurred since 2017. X * About * Definitions * Limitations * Data Sources * Related Publications Use Carnegie’s Global Protest Tracker to analyze and compare the triggers, motivations, and other aspects of many of the most significant antigovernment protests since 2017. Designed for researchers, decisionmakers, and journalists, this comprehensive resource helps illustrate how protests impact today’s global politics. #### Filters Active Ongoing protests only. All protests Resets the table to include all protests. COVID-19 Protests related to COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus. See the note under “Protest significance” on the “Limitations” tab. Large Protests with a peak size of 100,000 people or more. Long Protests with a duration of at least three months Outcome Protests that have resulted in a significant government policy or leadership change. Violent Protests that have experienced violent government crackdowns. #### Key Terms Duration Time span between the first and last reports of the protests. Freedom rating (Status) Rating of a country in the Freedom House’s annual Freedom in the World report at the time the protest started, reflecting the status of political rights and civil liberties in that country. Key participants Notable groups protesting, although not exhaustive. Motivations Systemic concerns that underlie the protest movement. To encapsulate a broad range of antigovernment grievances, the three overarching categories of motivations are economic, political, and corruption. Corruption is considered separately because it can be economic and/or political in nature and often stems from government officials’ conduct rather than government policies. These categories of motivations are not exclusive: protests are often driven by a diverse range of concerns. Peak Size Estimated peak number of protesters. Outcomes Reported near-term policy changes or leadership changes in response to the protests. Protest name Protests’ commonly used name, if any (for example, the Yellow Vest protests), or an abbreviated description of the protests. Significant protests Sizable street protests that express opposition to the national government as a whole or to its recent policies or actions. Start date When the protests are first reported in local or national news. Triggers Specific issue(s), event(s), or policy change(s) that sparked the protest. Comprehensiveness The tracker focuses on antigovernment protests. It excludes rallies in support of a political cause, party, or political figure. Duration Protests may be intermittent rather than constant, stopping and starting over weeks or months. Outcomes The tracker focuses on outcomes that are direct responses to the protests—specifically, policy or leadership changes that occur in the short term during or after a protest. As a result, it excludes events or changes that occur later, of which the protests may only be one of many causal factors. Protest size Reliable and accurate information on the number of protesters is not always available. In many cases, the only sources of information on a protest’s size are local authorities, who often underestimate the size of protests, or protest organizers, who may overestimate the size of protests. Protest significance There is no scientifically precise way to define a significant protest. The word significant here is understood in terms of political importance: the impact of a protest on a country’s political life. While a protest’s size can give some indication of its importance, it is not determinative on its own. A large protest in a country where protesting is legal and occurs frequently may not be as significant as a small protest in a country where public demonstrations are banned and authorities are known to use violence against protesters. To account for the varying environments for protests across regime types, this tracker generally considers protests in contexts with a Freedom in the World rating of “free” or “partly free” to be significant if the protest’s peak size reaches or exceeds 10,000 protesters, and protests with a Freedom in the World rating of “not free” to be significant if the protest’s peak size reaches or exceeds 1,000 protesters. Although most protests directly related to the coronavirus outbreak are so far quite small, they have been included in the tracker because of their potential impact on governance and policy at the local, national, and international levels and because of the overriding importance of the pandemic crisis. Reliance on English-language sources Data for this tracker are drawn from English-language news sources. The data are based on reporting from credible news sources, with some cross- referencing for verification when possible. Publications and television outlets used to compile this data include (but are not limited to) Al Jazeera, the Atlantic, Balkan Insight, BBC, Bloomberg, CNN, DW News, the Economist, Euronews, Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, France24, the Guardian, the Nation, NBC News, New York Times, NPR, Reuters, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Vox, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, and World Politics Review. Information on the status of political freedoms and civil liberties in each country is drawn from the annual Freedom in the World reports. David Wong, a James C. Gaither junior fellow with Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program for 2019–2020, is primarily responsible for the compilation of the information in the tracker. Recent publications from Carnegie scholars Thomas Carothers, “Dictators in Trouble,” Foreign Affairs, February 6, 2020. Thomas Carothers and David Wong, “Misunderstanding Global Protests,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, April 1, 2020. Thomas Carothers and David Wong, “The Coronavirus Pandemic Is Reshaping Global Protests,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 4, 2020. Moisés Naím and Brian Winter, “Why Latin America Was Primed to Explode,” Foreign Affairs, October 29, 2019. Richard Youngs, ed., After Protest: Pathways Beyond Mass Mobilization (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2019). Richard Youngs, “After Protest: Pathways Beyond Mass Mobilization,” openDemocracy, November 10, 2019. Additional publications Cynthia Arnson, Benjamin Gedan, Michael Penfold, Rossana Castiglioni, Catalina Lobo-Guerrero, Augusto de la Torre, and Jim Schultz, “Postcards From the Edge,” Wilson Quarterly, Winter 2020. S. Erdem Aytaç and Susan Stokes, “Why Protest?” Wilson Quarterly, Winter 2020. Samuel Brannen, Christian Stirling Haig and Katherine Schmidt, “The Age of Mass Protests: Understanding an Escalating Global Trend,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, March 2, 2020. Erica Chenoweth, Sirianne Dahlum, Sooyeon Kang, Zoe Marks, Christopher Wiley Shay, and Tore Wig, “This May Be the Largest Wave of Nonviolent Mass Movements in World History. What Comes Next?” Washington Post, November 16, 2019. Jonathan Pinckney and Miranda Rivers, “Nonviolent Action in the Time of Coronavirus,” United States Institute of Peace, March 25, 2020. Robin Wright, “The Story of 2019: Protests in Every Corner of the Globe,” New Yorker, December 30, 2019. ### About the Tracker Filter protests by:AllActiveLargeViolentLongOutcomeCOVID-19 Country| Protest Name| Start Date| Peak Size| Motivation| Duration| Status| CompareReset ---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- Download SpreadsheetDownload Page 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, DC 20036-2103Phone: 202 483 7600 Fax: 202 483 1840 researchemissaryaboutexpertsDonate programseventsblogspodcasts contactannual reportscareersprivacyFor Media government resources Get more news and analysis fromCarnegie Endowment for International Peace subscribe © 2024 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved. |
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Dr Sanduk Ruit is an eye surgeon from Nepal This eye doctor has restored 100000 people's sight for freeBut nobody knows about him | 3,315 | Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file ![\\"\\"](\\"/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png\\") ![\\"Wikipedia\\"](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark- en.svg\\") ![\\"The](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline- en.svg\\") Search Search * Donate Appearance * Create account * Log in Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk ## Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1 Early life and education * 2 Early career and marriage * 3 Accomplishments * 4 Media coverage * 5 Awards and honors * 6 Further reading * 7 References * 8 External links Toggle the table of contents # Sanduk Ruit 7 languages * বাংলা * Ελληνικά * मैथिली * മലയാളം * नेपाली * Polski * ไทย Edit links * Article * Talk English * Read * Edit * View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * Edit * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Get shortened URL * Download QR code * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nepalese ophthalmologist Dr.Sanduk Ruit --- सन्दुक रूइत ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sanduk_Ruit_Erudite_Conclave_Medical_College_Trivandrum.JPG/200px- Sanduk_Ruit_Erudite_Conclave_Medical_College_Trivandrum.JPG\\")Ruit in 2011 Born| (1954-09-04) September 4, 1954 (age 70)Olangchung Gola, Nepal Alma mater| King George\'s Medical College AIIMS Delhi Occupation| Ophthalmologist Office| Founder and Executive Director of Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology Spouse| Nanda Ruit Children| 3 Awards| Honorary Officer of the Order of AustraliaRamon Magsaysay AwardPrince Mahidol AwardNational Order of Merit of BhutanAsia Game Changer AwardPadma ShriGenius 100ISA Award for Service to Humanity Medical career Sub-specialties| Cornea and Cataract Website| tilganga.org Sanduk Ruit (Nepali: सन्दुक रूइत, pronounced [ˈsʌnduk rui̯t], born September 4, 1954) is an ophthalmologist from Nepal who was involved to restore the sight of over 180,000 people[1] across Africa and Asia using small-incision cataract surgery.[2] Ruit is the founder and the executive director of the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, which manufactures intraocular lenses for surgical implantation at a fraction of the previous manufacturing cost. The low cost has made cataract surgeries slightly cheaper in Nepal.[3] Ruit has been referred to as the \"God of Sight\".[4] He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Peace and International Understanding, considered to be the Asian equivalent of the Nobel Prize, for \"placing Nepal at the forefront of developing safe, effective, and economical procedures for cataract surgery, enabling the needlessly blind in even the poorest countries to see again.\"[5] He was awarded with the Isa award, the highest civilian award in Bahrain by the king of Bahrain for developing highly affordable and sustainable ways to cure cataracts throughout the developing world with a cash prize of 1 million dollars.[_citation needed_] ## Early life and education [edit] Ruit was born on September 4, 1954, to rural, illiterate parents, father Sonam Ruit and mother Kesang Ruit, in the remote mountainous village Olangchunggola near the border with Tibet in northeast Nepal. His village of 200 people was located 11,000 feet above the sea level on the lap of the world\'s third- highest peak, Mt. Kanchenjunga. It is one of the most remote regions of Nepal with no electricity, school, health facilities or modern means of communication, and lies blanketed under snow for six to nine months a year. Ruit\'s family made a subsistence living from small agriculture, petty trading and livestock farming.[6] Ruit was the second of his parents’ six children. He lost three siblings – an elder brother to diarrhea at age three[7]: 3–4 and younger sister Chundak to fever at age eight. In many interviews, Ruit has mentioned that for him, the most painful was his younger sister Yangla\'s death. Yangla was his childhood companion, and he was to develop a special bond with her over the years.[7]: 9 She died at 15 of tuberculosis as the family was too poor to afford treatment that could have saved her life. In many interviews, Ruit has said that this loss made a strong mark on him and instilled in him a resolve to become a doctor and work for the poor who would not otherwise have access to healthcare.[7]: 37–40 The nearest school from his village was fifteen days\' walk away in Darjeeling.[8] His father, a small-time businessman, sent Ruit to St Robert\'s School in Darjeeling at the age of seven, and provided financial support for his early medical career. Ruit\'s life in Darjeeling was hard as he was away from his parents and home for about four-five years. After a few years he returned to Nepal and continued his study. In 1969, Ruit graduated from Siddhartha Vanasthali School in Kathmandu, Nepal,[9] and later was further educated in India. He studied a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery from King George\'s Medical College, Lucknow with scholarship from 1972 to 1976. Ruit then returned to Nepal and worked as a General Physician in Bir Hospital, Kathmandu for three years. Later he wanted to specialize in ophthalmology, so he continued his studies from 1981 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi with a scholarship and achieved his Master\'s Degree.[9][10] After three years in 1984 he returned to Nepal and worked in an eye hospital in Tripureshwor for eight years. Meanwhile Australian ophthalmologist Fred Hollows was in Nepal as a mentor, selected by WHO. He noticed Ruit\'s work and determination and offered him further study about cataract surgery in Australia in 1986.[8] Ruit further studied in Australia, Netherlands and the United States.[8] ## Early career and marriage [edit] While in Australia, Ruit gained further deep specialization in eye surgery. Ruit and Hollows created the Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) which used intraocular lenses, and Ruit became the first Nepali doctor to use intraocular lenses.[11] To gain donations to make eye surgeries more affordable and accessible in Nepal, he established Nepal Eye Program Australia, later renamed The Fred Hollows Foundation. He was offered to stay and work in Australia, but he returned to Nepal and continued to work in Tripureshwor eye hospital.[12] Ruit married Nanda Shrestha, an ophthalmic nurse in 1987.[_citation needed_] He has one son and two daughters. ## Accomplishments [edit] Working in Australia in 1986, Ruit and Fred Hollows developed a strategy for using inexpensive intraocular lenses to bring small-incision cataract surgery to the developing world.[13] However, the lenses remained too expensive for many cataract patients. In 1995, Ruit developed a new intraocular lens that could be produced far more cheaply and which, as of 2010, is used in over 60 countries.[13] Ruit\'s method is now taught in U.S. medical schools.[3] Despite being far cheaper, Ruit\'s method has the same success rate as western techniques: 98% at six months.[3] In 1994,[14] Dr. Ruit founded the Tilganga Eye Center, now called the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, in Kathmandu.[15] It aims to provide eye care at an affordable price.[16] The institute works closely with the Himalayan Cataract Project and other organizations to give cataract surgery to people in some of the world\'s most perilous and inaccessible locations, frequently for free. Tilganga has performed over 100,000 operations and trained over 500 medical personnel from around the world, and produces Ruit\'s intraocular lenses at a cost of less than US $5 each.[8] It also produces prosthetic eyes for US $3, compared to imports that cost $150.[3] For those unable to reach the center, or who live in otherwise isolated rural areas, Ruit and his team set up mobile eye camps, often using tents, classrooms, and even animal stables as makeshift operating rooms.[2] After treating a North Korean diplomat in Kathmandu, Ruit persuaded North Korean authorities to let him visit in 2006.[2] There he conducted surgery on 1000 patients and trained many local surgeons.[17] In April 2021, Ruit launched the Tej Kohli & Ruit Foundation[18][19] with a mission to screen 1,000,000 people and cure 300,000 of cataract blindness by 2026.[20] In March 2021, the foundation conducted its first microsurgical outreach camp in the Lumbini region of Nepal, where it screened 1,387 patients and cured 312 of blindness.[21] Another camp in the Solukhumbu region screened 1,214 patients and cured 178 of blindness in April 2021. ## Media coverage [edit] * \"Surgeon Dr. Sanduk Ruit revolutionizing cataract surgery gives sight to thousands\", 2018 feature story by Miranda Wood on The Daily Telegraph [_citation needed_] * A 2006 National Geographic documentary Inside North Korea documented not only Ruit\'s surgery in the highly controlled country but also the resulting overt adulation by the patients given to the then-Supreme Leader of the Democratic People\'s Republic of Korea Kim Jong-il.[_citation needed_] * Ruit\'s work in Nepal featured in Episode 5 (Mountains – Life in Thin Air) of the 2010 BBC documentary series Human Planet.[22] * Out of the Darkness, a 2011 film by Italian director Stefano Levi, documents Ruit\'s work in remote Northern Nepal.[23] * In 2015, Ruit and his work featured in a New York Times op-ed by Nicholas Kristof: \"In 5 Minutes, He Lets the Blind See\". The article was based on reporting in Nepal by Kristof and Austin Meyer, a graduate journalism student at Stanford University, during the trip with the winner of the 2015 New York Times Win a Trip with Nick Kristof contest.[3] * ABC Radio interview for ABC Conversations, \"The doctor known as the ‘God of Sight’\", by Richard Fidler (2018)\"[24] * CBS News article by Bill Whitaker, \"Restoring eyesight with a simple, inexpensive surgery\" (2017)[25] * CNN article \"Sight for sore eyes: \'Maverick\' doctor who restored the vision of 100,000 people\" by Sophie Brown (2014)[26] * CNN photos \"Nepal Miracle Eye Doctor heals 100,000\" (2014)[27] * National Geographic documentary \"Miracle Doctors: Curing Blindness\"[28] * Al Jazeera documentary \"The Gift of Sight\" (2014)[29] * Reuters feature \"Nepal\'s \'magic\' surgeon brings light back to poor\" (2012)[30] * Mini documentary by Great Big Story \"This Surgeon Has Restored Sight to 130,000 of Nepal\'s Blind\" (2019)[31] * Daily US Times feature \"Nas Daily Discovers Dr. Sanduk Ruit: He Is The God Of Sight\" (2020)[32] Ruit\'s biography, The Barefoot Surgeon by Australian writer Ali Gripper, was published in June 2018.[33] A Nepali translation Sanduk Ruit was published by Fine Print Books in 2019.[34][35] ## Awards and honors [edit] * In May 2007, Ruit was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of Australia, \"for service to humanity by establishing eye care services in Nepal and surrounding countries, and for his work in teaching and training surgeons, and technical innovation\".[36] * In June 2006, he was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding.[37] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/The_Union_Minister_for_Health_and_Family_Welfare_Dr._Anbumani_Ramadoss_presenting_the_Reader%E2%80%99s_Digest_%E2%80%9CAsian_of_the_Year_2007%E2%80%9D_award%2C_to_Dr._Sanduk_Ruit%2C_an_eminent_eye_surgeon_from_Nepal%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_March_05%2C_2007.jpg/220px- thumbnail.jpg\\")Ruit receiving the Asian of the year award * In March 5, 2007, he was awarded the Asian of the year 2007 by the Union Minister of health and family welfare, Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss in New Delhi. * He was also awarded with Prince Mahidol Award of Thailand. * Asteroid 83362 Sandukruit, discovered by Bill Yeung in 2001, was named in his honor.[38] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 March 2010 (M.P.C. 69494).[39] * On December 17, 2015, he was conferred with the National Order of Merit of Bhutan [in Gold].[40] * On October 27, 2016, he received an Asia Game Changer Award from the Asia Society \"for bringing the gifts of sight, and productive life, to those most in need.\"[41] * In 2018, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, its fourth highest civilian award, for “[his] innovation in the 1980s [that] led to a 90 percent reduction in the cost of cataract eye surgery, provides low-cost cataract surgery lenses to over thirty countries.”[42] * In September 2020, Nepal Government announced Dr Sanduk Ruit, will be honoured with Suprasiddha Prabal Janasewashree (first).Govt announces list of 594 persons for state honours * On February 21, 2023, Dr. Sanduk Ruit was awarded the prestigious ISA award for service to humanity amid a programme held at the ISA Cultural Centre in Manama, Bahrain.The King of Bahrain, His Majesty Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa handed Dr. Ruit $1 million during the royal ceremony.\"[43] * A species of groundhopper (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) discovered from Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park by a team led by Nepali researcher Madan Subedi has been named after Dr. Sanduk Ruit as Hebarditettix sanduki Subedi, Kasalo, & Skejo, 2024.[44] * In 2023 Ruit was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Science by the United Kingdom\'s Anglia Ruskin University.[45] ## Further reading [edit] * Ali Gripper (2019), \"The Barefoot Surgeon : The inspirational story of Dr. Sanduk Ruit, the eye surgeon giving sight and hope to the world\'s poor\", India: Penguin Random House India. ISBN 9780143447429. ## References [edit] 1. **^** Gripper, Ali (June 20, 2018). \"Fred Hollows\' protege Sanduk Ruit, the barefoot surgeon\". Retrieved 2018-10-02. 2. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ \"Sight for sore eyes: \'Maverick\' doctor who restored the vision of 100,000 people\". CNN. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 2014-12-17. 3. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ _**d**_ _**e**_ Kristoff, Nicholas (2015-11-07). \"In 5 minutes, he lets the blind see\". _The New York Times_. Retrieved 2018-10-04. 4. **^** Mason, Margie (March 21, 2010). \"Nepalese Doc is \'God of Sight\' to nation\'s poor\". _NBCNews_. Archived from the original on April 26, 2014. Retrieved 2018-10-05. 5. **^** \"Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation\". Retrieved 2018-10-01. 6. **^** \"Ruit, Sanduk\". _Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation_. 2006. Retrieved 2018-10-04. 7. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ Gripper, Ali (2018). _The Barefoot Surgeon: The inspirational story of Dr Sanduk Ruit, the eye surgeon giving sight and hope to the world\'s poor_. Australia: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 9781760292706. 8. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ _**d**_ \"Sanduk Ruit: Everyone Deserves Good Vision\". Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. July 25, 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-09-03. Retrieved 2018-01-23. 9. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ \"Dr Sanduk Ruit sang \'Dewa Penglihatan\' Bagi Pasien Katarak\". _detikHealth_ (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-10-04. 10. **^** Gripper, Ali (2019-11-08). \"I can feel their pain: Dr. Sanduk Ruit\". _The Hindu_. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-10-04. 11. **^** \"Sanduk Ruit, MD Co-Founder of HCP\". _ Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-11. 12. **^** \"Class- 10 Nepali Book Pages 1-50 - Flip PDF Download | FlipHTML5\". _fliphtml5.com_. Retrieved 2022-05-11. 13. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ \"Surgeon brings innovative techniques to ophthalmologists worldwide\". Ocular Surgery News. June 1, 2010. Retrieved 2018-01-23. 14. **^** \"Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology\". _Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology_. Retrieved 2017-10-06. 15. **^** \"Sight restored to 187 people in remote Nepal\". The Fred Hollows Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 2018-01-23. 16. **^** \"Bringing Sight To Millions\". Nepal Republic Media. April 24, 2010. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. 17. **^** \"Inside - Undercover in North Korea - DocuWiki\". _Docuwiki.net_. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 18. **^** Times, Nepali (22 April 2021). \"Tej Kohli & Ruit Foundation\". Retrieved 2021-09-30. 19. **^** \"In Pictures: Nepal\'s God of Sight eye doctor seeks to expand work\". _Aljazeera.com_. Retrieved 2021-09-30. 20. **^** \"Nepal\'s God of Sight eye doctor to expand work beyond border\". _AP NEWS_. 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2021-09-30. 21. **^** \"Nepal\'s God of Sight eye doctor to expand work beyond border\". _Msn.com_. Retrieved 2021-09-30. 22. **^** \"Australian charity ending avoidable blindness\". The Fred Hollows Foundation. Retrieved 2017-10-26. 23. **^** \"Out of the Darkness\". Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. 24. **^** \"The doctor known as \'the God of Sight\'\". _Abc.net.au_. 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 25. **^** \"Restoring eyesight with a simple, inexpensive surgery\". _Cbsnews.com_. 16 April 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 26. **^** Sophie Brown (15 December 2014). \"Nepalese eye doctor restored vision of 100,000 people\". _Cnn.com_. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 27. **^** \"Nepal\'s miracle eye doctor heals 100,000\". _Cnn_. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 28. **^** \"cureblindness.org - NG1\". Retrieved 5 February 2022 – via YouTube. 29. **^** \"The gift of sight | Health | al Jazeera\". Archived from the original on 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2018-11-13. 30. **^** \"Nepal\'s \"magic\" surgeon brings light back to poor\". _Reuters.com_. 2 May 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 31. **^** \"This Surgeon Has Restored Sight to 130,000 Blind People\". 22 July 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2022 – via YouTube. 32. **^** \"Nas Daily Discovers Dr. Sanduk Ruit: He Is The God Of Sight\". _Dailyustimes.com_. 25 January 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 33. **^** \"Book release: The Barefoot Surgeon\". _The Fred Hollows Foundation_. 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2018-10-14. 34. **^** \"Book release: Sanduk Ruit (Nepali)\". _Thuprai_. 2019-09-18. Retrieved 2019-09-18. 35. **^** \"Editions of The Barefoot Surgeon: The inspirational story of Dr Sanduk Ruit, the eye surgeon giving sight and hope to the world\'s poor by Ali Gripper\". _Goodreads.com_. Retrieved 5 February 2022. 36. **^** \"It\'s an Honour – Honours – Search Australian Honours\". _Itsanhonour.gov.au_. Archived from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2017-10-26. 37. **^** \"The 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding − Citation for Sanduk Ruit\". The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. August 31, 2006. Archived from the original on 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2017-10-26. 38. **^** \"(83362) Sandukruit = 2001 SH1 = 4249 P-L = PLS4249\". _Minor Planet Center_. Retrieved 18 January 2020. 39. **^** \"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive\". _Minor Planet Center_. Retrieved 18 January 2020. 40. **^** \"His Majesty awards National Order of Merit – BBS\". December 17, 2015. Retrieved 2017-10-26. 41. **^** \"Nepali eye surgeon Sanduk Ruit among recipients of the 2016 Asia Game Changers award\". _The American Bazaar_. September 13, 2016. Archived from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 15, 2020. 42. **^** \"Nepali ophthalmologist Dr Sanduk Ruit bags Padma Shri Award\". _The Kathmandu Post_. 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-10-07. 43. **^** \"Nepalese \'Sight Messenger\' awarded with Bahrain\'s prestigious Isa Award for Service to Humanity\". _Arab News_. February 22, 2023. 44. **^** Subedi, Madan; Kasalo, Niko; Skejo, Josip (2024). \"Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park in Nepal\". _Annales de la Société Entomologique de France_. Nouvelle Série. **60** : 53–84. doi:10.1080/00379271.2024.2309170. 45. **^** \"Honorary award holders - ARU\". _ Retrieved 2024-03-07. ## External links [edit] * Official website * v * t * e Recipients of Padma Shri in Medicine --- 1950s| * Bir Bhan Bhatia (1954) * V. R. Khanolkar (1954) * Perakath Verghese Benjamin (1955) * Mahesh Prasad Mehray (1955) * Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi (1956) * Chintaman Govind Pandit (1956) * Isaac Santra (1956) * Khushdeva Singh (1957) 1960s| * Hilda Mary Lazarus (1961) * George William Gregory Bird (1963) * Hakim Abdul Hameed (1965) * Jerusha Jhirad (1966) * Edith Helen Paull (1967) * Amar Prasad Ray (1967) * Natteri Veeraraghavan (1967) * B. K. Anand (1969) * Ram Kumar Caroli (1969) * Vulimiri Ramalingaswami (1969) * Krishna Gopal Saxena (1969) 1970s| * Ajit Kumar Basu (1970) * Coluthur Gopalan (1970) * Perugu Siva Reddy (1970) * B. N. B. Rao (1971) * Krishnaswami Srinivas Sanjivi (1971) * Dorothy Chacko (1972) * Thayil John Cherian (1972) * Balasubramaniam Ramamurthi (1972) * Balu Sankaran (1972) * K. N. Udupa (1972) * R. Marthanda Varma (1972) * Mary Verghese (1972) * K. T. Dholakia (1973) * M. K. Krishna Menon (1973) * J. M. Pahwa (1973) * Prakash Narain Tandon (1973) * Jamshed Vazifdar (1973) * Govindappa Venkataswamy (1973) * Mani Kumar Chetri (1974) * Nagarur Gopinath (1974) * L. S. N. Prasad (1974) * Kadiyala Ramachandra (1974) * Reuben David (1975) * Stanley John (1975) * Mary Poonen Lukose (1975) * Kadiyala Ramachandra (1975) * Durga Deulkar (1976) * Lucy Oommen (1977) 1980s| * Jasbir Singh Bajaj (1981) * P. K. Sethi (1981) * K. Vardachari Thiruvengadam (1981) * C. P. Thakur (1982) * Raj Vir Singh Yadav (1982) * S. S. Badrinath (1983) * Raj Baveja (1983) * Shishupal Ram (1983) * Purshottam Lal Wahi (1983) * B. K. Goyal (1984) * Vera Hingorani (1984) * K. P. Mathur (1984) * N. Balakrishnan Nair (1984) * Hariharan Srinivasan (1984) * Ramniklal K. Gandhi (1985) * Samiran Nundy (1985) * Usha Sharma (1985) * M. S. Valiathan (1985) * Gopal Krishna Vishwakarma (1985) * Santosh Kumar Kackar (1986) * V. Shanta (1986) * Prabhu Dayal Nigam (1987) * Daljit Singh (1987) * Harbans Singh Wasir (1987) 1990s| * N. H. Antia (1990) * M. G. Deo (1990) * P. K. Rajagopalan (1990) * M. M. S. Ahuja (1991) * Sneh Bhargava (1991) * K. M. Cherian (doctor) (1991) * G. N. Malviya (1991) * Shiela Mehra (1991) * S. C. Munshi (1991) * M. N. Passey (1991) * Jai Pal Singh (1991) * Naresh Trehan (1991) * Rathin Datta (1992) * Khalid Hameed, Baron Hameed (1992) * Anil Kohli (1992) * Ramesh Kumar (nephrologist) (1992) * Usha Kehar Luthra (1992) * J. S. Mahashabde (1992) * P. V. A. Mohandas (1992) * E. T. Neelakandan Mooss (1992) * Kameshwar Prasad (1992) * Luis Jose De Souza (1992) * Amrit Tewari (1992) * G. S. Venkataraman (1992) * Ranjit Roy Chaudhury (1998) * K. A. Abraham (1999) * Raj Bothra (1999) * Balendu Prakash (1999) * Devendra Triguna (1999) * P. K. Warrier (1999) 2000s| * Mahendra Bhandari (2000) * Vipin Buckshey (2000) * Vaidya Suresh Chaturvedi (2000) * Kirpal Singh Chugh (2000) * P. K. Dave (2000) * Mathew Kalarickal (2000) * Kakarla Subba Rao (2000) * G. S. Sainani (2000) * Immaneni Sathyamurthy (2000) * Jyoti Bhushan Banerji (2001) * Alaka Deshpande (2001) * Sharad Kumar Dixit (2001) * Chittoor Mohammed Habeebullah (2001) * M. Krishnan Nair (2001) * Dasari Prasada Rao (2001) * Laishram Nabakishore Singh (2001) * Bhupathiraju Somaraju (2001) * Suresh H. Advani (2002) * Pradeep Chowbey (2002) * Vijay Kumar Dada (2002) * Prakash Nanalal Kothari (2002) * Harsh Mahajan (2002) * Vikram Marwah (2002) * Atluri Sriman Narayana (2002) * Kamaljit Singh Paul (2002) * Karimpat Mathangi Ramakrishnan (2002) * Gullapalli Nageswara Rao (2002) * D. Nageshwar Reddy (2002) * Prahlad Kumar Sethi (2002) * J. S. Guleria (2003) * Narayana Panicker Kochupillai (2003) * Rajagopalan Krishnan (2003) * Ashok Seth (2003) * Vijay Prakash (2003) * Sharad Moreshwar Hardikar (2004) * S. C. Manchanda (2004) * Ashwin Balachand Mehta (2004) * S. K. Sama (2004) * Rajan Saxena (physician) (2004) * Devi Shetty (2004) * Gopal Prasad Sinha (2004) * G. Bakthavathsalam (2005) * Jitendra Mohan Hans (2005) * P. N. V. Kurup (2005) * Veer Singh Mehta (2005) * Lavu Narendranath (2005) * Cyrus S. Poonawalla (2005) * Sanjeev Bagai (2006) * Mohan Kameswaran (2006) * Upendra Kaul (2006) * Tsering Landol (2006) * Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman (2006) * Harbhajan Singh Rissam (2006) * Kamal Kumar Sethi (2006) * Tehemton Erach Udwadia (2006) * Harpinder Singh Chawla (2007) * Narmada Prasad Gupta (2007) * Ashok Kumar Hemal (2007) * Atul Kumar (ophthalmologist) (2007) * C. N. Manjunath (2007) * Anoop Misra (2007) * P. Namperumalsamy (2007) * Mayilvahanan Natarajan (2007) * K. R. Palaniswamy (2007) * Mahipal S. Sachdev (2007) * B. Paul Thaliath (2007) * Sheo Bhagwan Tibrewal (2007) * Mohsin Wali (2007) * S. N. Arya (2008) * Dinesh K. Bhargava (2008) * Tony Fernandez (ophthalmologist) (2008) * Rakesh Kumar Jain (2008) * Raman Kapur (2008) * T. P. Lahane (2008) * Keiki R. Mehta (2008) * M. C. Pant (2008) * Arjunan Rajasekaran (2008) * Malvika Sabharwal (2008) * Indu Bhushan Sinha (2008) * Randhir Sud (2008) * C. U. Velmurugendran (2008) * Kalyan Banerjee (2009) * Balswarup Choubey (2009) * Saibaba Goud (2009) * Yash Gulati (2009) * P. R. Krishna Kumar (2009) * Arvind Lal (2009) * D. S. Rana (2009) * Thanikachalam Sadagopan (2009) * Ashok K. Vaid (2009) * G. Vijayaraghavan (2009) 2010s| * K. K. Aggarwal (2010) * Philip Augustine (2010) * Anil Kumar Bhalla (2010) * Kodaganur S. Gopinath (2010) * Laxmi Chand Gupta (2010) * Jalakantapuram Ramaswamy Krishnamoorthy (2010) * Vikas Mahatme (2010) * B. Ramana Rao (2010) * Rabindra Narain Singh (2010) * Arvinder Singh Soin (2010) * Madanur Ahmed Ali (2011) * Pukhraj Bafna (2011) * Mansoor Hasan (2011) * Indira Hinduja (2011) * Shyama Prasad Mandal (2011) * Jose Chacko Periappuram (2011) * A. Marthanda Pillai (2011) * Sivapatham Vittal (2011) * Nitya Anand (2012) * Mukesh Batra (2012) * Mahdi Hasan (2012) * Jugal Kishore (2012) * V. Mohan (2012) * J. Hareendran Nair (2012) * Vallalarpuram Sennimalai Natarajan (2012) * Jitendra Kumar Singh (2012) * Shrinivas S. Vaishya (2012) * Sudarshan K. Aggarwal (2013) * Rajendra Achyut Badwe (2013) * Krishna Chandra Chunekar (2013) * Taraprasad Das (2013) * T. V. Devarajan (2013) * Saroj Chooramani Gopal (2013) * Vishwa Kumar Gupta (2013) * Pramod Kumar Julka (2013) * Gulshan Rai Khatri (2013) * Ganesh Kumar Mani (2013) * Amit Prabhakar Maydeo (2013) * Sundaram Natarajan (2013) * C. Venkata S. Ram (2013) * Kiritkumar Mansukhlal Acharya (2014) * Subrat Kumar Acharya (2014) * Balram Bhargava (2014) * Indira Chakravarty (2014) * Ramakant Krishnaji Deshpande (2014) * Pawan Raj Goyal (2014) * Rajesh Kumar Grover (2014) * Amod Gupta (2014) * Daya Kishore Hazra (2014) * Thenumgal Poulose Jacob (2014) * Shashank R. Joshi (2014) * Hakim Syed Khaleefathullah (2014) * Milind Vasant Kirtane (2014) * Lalit Kumar (2014) * Mohan Mishra (2014) * Vamsi Mootha (2014) * Siddhartha Mukherjee (2014) * Nitish Naik (2014) * M. Subhadra Nair (2014) * Ashok Panagariya (2014) * Narendra Kumar Pandey (2014) * Sunil Pradhan (2014) * Ashok Rajgopal (2014) * Kamini A. Rao (2014) * Sarbeswar Sahariah (2014) * J. S. Titiyal (2014) * Om Prakash Upadhyaya (2014) * Mahesh Verma (2014) * Manjula Anagani (2015) * Yogesh Kumar Chawla (2015) * Bimola Kumari (2015) * Randeep Guleria (2015) * K. P. Haridas (2015) * Rajesh Kotecha (2015) * Alka Kriplani (2015) * Harsh Kumar (2015) * Dattatreyudu Nori (2015) * Tejas Patel (2015) * Raghu Ram Pillarisetti (2015) * Narendra Prasad (2015) * Saumitra Rawat (2015) * Yog Raj Sharma (2015) * Nikhil Tandon (2015) * Hargovind Laxmishanker Trivedi (2015) * Gopi Chand Mannam (2016) * Praveen Chandra (2016) * John Ebnezar (2016) * Daljeet Singh Gambhir (2016) * A. G. K. Gokhale (2016) * Murli Manohar Joshi (2016) * Ravi Kant (2016) * Shiv Narain Kureel (2016) * T. K. Lahiri (2016) * Anil Kumari Malhotra (2016) * Yarlagadda Nayudamma (2016) * Sudhir V. Shah (2016) * Ram Harsh Singh (2016) * M. V. Padma Srivastava (2016) * T. S. Chandrasekar (2016) * Harkishan Singh (2017) * Suniti Solomon (2017) * Bhakti Yadav (2017) * Abhay and Rani Bang (2018) * Yeshi Dhonden (2018) * Lakshmikutty (2018) * M. R. Rajagopal (2018) * Sanduk Ruit (2018) * Ilias Ali (2019) * Omesh Kumar Bharti (2019) * Mammen Chandy (2019) * Sudam Kate (2019) * Ravindra and Smita Kolhe (2019) * Jagat Ram (2019) * Ramaswami Venkataswami (2019) 2020s| * Yogi Aereon (2020) * Padma Bandopadhyay (2020) * Sushovan Banerjee (2020) * Digambar Behera (2020) * Leela Joshi (2020) * Arunoday Mondal (2020) * Shanti Roy (2020) * Gurdip Singh (2020) * Sandra Desa Souza (2020) * Kushal Konwar Sarma (2020) * Ravi Kannan R (2020) * Krishna Mohan Pathi (2021) * Jitendra Nath Pande (2021) * Himmatrao Bawaskar (2022) * Prokar Dasgupta (2022) * Sunkara Venkata Adinarayana Rao (2022) * Lata Desai (2022) * Vijaykumar Vinayak Dongre (2022) * Dr Narendra Prasad Misra (Posthumous) (2022) * Veeraswamy Seshiah (2022) * Bhimsen Singhal (2022) * Balaji Tambe (Posthumous) (2022) * Kamlakar Tripathi (2022) * Munishwar Chandar Dawar (2023) * Ratan Chandra Kar (2023) * Nalini Parthasarathi (2023) * Hanumantha Rao Pasupuleti (2023) * Manoranjan Sahu (2023) * Gopalsamy Veluchamy (2023) * Ishwar Chander Verma (2023) * v * t * e Ramon Magsaysay Award recipients --- | Government Service (1958–2008) --- | ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png\\") Cambodia| * Ek Sonn Chan ---|--- ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\\") China| * Yuan Longping ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px- Flag_of_India.svg.png\\") India| * C.D. Deshmukh * J. M. Lyngdoh ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\\") Indonesia| * Raden Kodijat * Ali Sadikin ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Japan.svg.png\\") Japan| * Morihiko Hiramatsu * Hiroshi Kuroki * Yukiharu Miki ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px- Flag_of_Laos.svg.png\\") Laos| * Keo Viphakone ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png\\") Malaysia| * Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim * B. C. Shekhar ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png\\") Pakistan| * Akhtar Hameed Khan * Ibn Abdur Rehman ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Jose Vasquez Aguilar * Francisca Reyes-Aquino * Hilario Davide Jr. * Grace Padaca * Jesse Robredo * Jovito R. Salonga * Miriam Defensor Santiago * Haydee Yorac ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px- Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png\\") Singapore| * Goh Keng Swee ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px- Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\\") Thailand| * Anand Panyarachun * Chamlong Srimuang * Jon Ungphakorn * Phon Sangsingkeo * Prawase Wasi * Puey Ungpakorn ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png\\") Taiwan| * Shih-chu Hsu * Li Kwoh-ting * Jiang Menglin | Public Service (1958–2008) --- | ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px- Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png\\") Burma| * Tee Tee Luce ---|--- ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px- Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png\\") Ceylon| * Mary H. Rutnam ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\\") China| * Gao Yaojie * Jiang Yanyong * Liang Congjie * Wu Qing ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px- Flag_of_India.svg.png\\") India| * Baba Amte * Banoo Jehangir Coyaji * Manibhai Desai * Jayaprakash Narayan * V. Shanta ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\\") Indonesia| * H.B. Jassin * Teten Masduki ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png\\") Pakistan| * Ruth Pfau ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Pedro Orata * Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Mutually Reinforcing Institutions (CARD MRI) ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px- Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png\\") South Korea| * Kim Sun-tae * Park Won-soon ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px- Flag_of_Spain.svg.png\\") Spainbased in ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Joaquin Villalonga ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px- Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\\") Thailand| * Fua Hariphitak * Mechai Viravaidya * Nilawan Pintong * Phra Parnchand * Prateep Ungsongtham Hata * Sirindhorn * Sithiporn Kridakara * Sophon Suphapong * Therdchai Jivacate * Thongbai Thongpao | Community Leadership (1958–2008) --- | ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px- Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\\") Bangladesh| * Tahrunessa Abdullah * Fazle Hasan Abed * Muhammad Yunus * Zafrullah Chowdhury * Mohammed Yeasin * Angela Gomes ---|--- ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px- Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png\\") Burma| * Cynthia Maung ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px- Flag_of_India.svg.png\\") India| * Mandakini Amte & Prakash Amte * Mabelle Arole & Rajanikant Arole * Pandurang Shastri Athavale * Chandi Prasad Bhatt * Ela Bhatt * Vinoba Bhave * Aruna Roy * Shantha Sinha * Rajendra Singh ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Japan.svg.png\\") Japan| * Fusaye Ichikawa ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px- Flag_of_Laos.svg.png\\") Laos| * Sombath Somphone ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png\\") Malaysia| * Tunku Abdul Rahman ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px- Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png\\") Nepal| * Mahabir Pun ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation * Antonio Meloto ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px- Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\\") Thailand| * Aree Valyasevi * Krasae Chanawongse * Prayong Ronnarong ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/23px- Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png\\") Tibet| * 14th Dalai Lama | Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts (1958–2008) --- | ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px- Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\\") Bangladesh| * Matiur Rahman * Abdullah Abu Sayeed ---|--- ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px- Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png\\") Burma| * Edward Michael Law-Yone ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px- Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png\\") Ceylonor ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px- Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png\\") Sri Lanka| * Wannakuwatta Amaradeva * Tarzie Vittachi ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px- Flag_of_India.svg.png\\") India| * Mahasweta Devi * Palagummi Sainath * Amitabha Chowdhury ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\\") Indonesia| * Atmakusuma Astraatmadja * Mochtar Lubis ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Japan.svg.png\\") Japan| * Akira Kurosawa * Yasuji Hanamori * Michiko Ishimure * Akio Ishii ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px- Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png\\") Nepal| * Bharat Koirala ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Zacarias Sarian * F. Sionil José * Lino Brocka * Radio Veritas * James Reuter * Bienvenido Lumbera * Nick Joaquin * Raul Locsin * Eugenia Duran Apostol * Sheila Coronel ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px- Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\\") Thailand| * Prayoon Chanyavongs ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png\\") Great Britainbased in ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Robert McCulloch Dick | Peace and International Understanding (1958–2008) --- | ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\\") China| * Tang Xiyang ---|--- ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px- Flag_of_India.svg.png\\") India| * Mother Teresa * Jockin Arputham * Laxminarayan Ramdas ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\\") Indonesia| * Ahmad Syafi\'i Maarif ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Japan.svg.png\\") Japan| * Ikuo Hirayama * Tetsu Nakamura * Saburo Okita * Seiei Toyama ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px- Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png\\") Nepal| * Sanduk Ruit ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png\\") Pakistan| * Ibn Abdur Rehman ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Operation Brotherhood * Summer Institute of Linguistics * William Masterson * Harold Ray Watson * International Institute of Rural Reconstruction * Press Foundation of Asia * Asian Institute of Management * Corazon Aquino ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px- Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png\\") South Korea| * Pomnyun Sunim ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px- Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\\") Thailand| * Asian Institute of Technology * The Royal Project ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\\") United Statesbased in ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px- Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\\") Thailand| * Genevieve Caulfield | Emergent Leadership (2001–) --- | ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px- Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png\\") Burma| * Ka Hsaw Wa ---|--- ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\\") China| * Chen Guangcheng ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png\\") Cambodia| * Oung Chanthol ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px- Flag_of_India.svg.png\\") India| * Sanjiv Chaturvedi * Arvind Kejriwal * Nileema Mishra * Sandeep Pandey ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\\") Indonesia| * Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto * Dita Indah Sari ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Benjamin Abadiano ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px- Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png\\") South Korea| * Yoon Hye-ran ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px- Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png\\") Sri Lanka| * Ananda Galappatti ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px- Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png\\") East Timor| * Aniceto Guterres Lopes ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png\\") United Statesbased in ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px- Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png\\") Hong Kong| * Chung To | Uncategorized (2009–) --- | ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px- Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png\\") Bangladesh| * Syeda Rizwana Hasan * A.H.M. Noman Khan ---|--- ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png\\") Cambodia| * Yang Saing Koma * Koul Panha ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\\") China| * Fu Qiping * Huo Daishan * Ma Jun * Pan Yue * Yu Xiaogang ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px- Flag_of_India.svg.png\\") India| * Kulandei Francis * Harish Hande * Deep Joshi ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px- Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png\\") Indonesia| * Hasanain Juaini * Tri Mumpuni ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px- Flag_of_Japan.svg.png\\") Japan| * Tadatoshi Akiba ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png\\") Philippines| * Alternative Indigenous Development Foundation, Inc. (AIDFI) * Christopher Bernido * Ma. Victoria Carpio-Bernido * Romulo Davide * Antonio Oposa Jr. ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px- Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png\\") Taiwan| * Chen Shu-chu ![\\"\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px- Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png\\") Thailand| * Krisana Kraisintu Retrieved from \" Categories: * Living people * Nepalese surgeons * Honorary officers of the Order of Australia * Ramon Magsaysay Award winners * People from Taplejung District * Nepalese ophthalmologists * Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine * King George\'s Medical University alumni * University of Lucknow alumni * All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni * Asia Game Changer Award winners * 1954 births * Nepalese recipients of Indian honours Hidden categories: * CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id) * Articles with short description * Short description is different from Wikidata * Articles with hCards * Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text * Pages using Lang-xx templates * Pages with Nepali IPA * All articles with unsourced statements * Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024 * Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022 * Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia * This page was last edited on 28 September 2024, at 20:50 (UTC). * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. 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Dr Sanduk Ruit is an eye surgeon from Nepal This eye doctor has restored 100000 people's sight for freeBut nobody knows about him | 3,315 | Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation * Main page * Contents * Current events * Random article * About Wikipedia * Contact us Contribute * Help * Learn to edit * Community portal * Recent changes * Upload file ![\\"\\"](\\"/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png\\") ![\\"Wikipedia\\"](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark- en.svg\\") ![\\"The](\\"/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline- en.svg\\") Search Search * Donate Appearance * Create account * Log in Personal tools * Create account * Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more * Contributions * Talk ## Contents move to sidebar hide * (Top) * 1 Overview * 2 Health status Toggle Health status subsection * 2.1 Life expectancy * 2.2 Malnutrition * 2.3 Sanitation * 2.4 Ophthalmology * 2.5 Non-communicable diseases * 2.6 Oral health * 2.7 Infectious diseases * 2.7.1 Coronavirus outbreak * 2.7.2 HIV/AIDS * 3 Traditional Korean medicine * 4 See also * 5 References Toggle References subsection * 5.1 Works cited * 6 Further reading * 7 External links Toggle the table of contents # Health in North Korea 12 languages * العربية * বাংলা * Deutsch * Español * Français * 한국어 * हिन्दी * Italiano * ქართული * Português * Русский * 中文 Edit links * Article * Talk English * Read * Edit * View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * Read * Edit * View history General * What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Page information * Cite this page * Get shortened URL * Download QR code * Wikidata item Print/export * Download as PDF * Printable version In other projects * Wikimedia Commons Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/North_Korea- Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-02.jpg/220px-North_Korea- Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-02.jpg\\")Staff at Pyongyang Maternity Hospital (2008) North Korea has a life expectancy of 74 years as of 2022[update].[1] While North Korea is classified as a low-income country, the structure of North Korea\'s causes of death (2013) is unlike that of other low-income countries.[2] Rather, causes of death are closer to the worldwide averages, with non-communicable diseases – such as cardiovascular disease – accounting for two-thirds of the total deaths.[2] North Korea claims to provide universal health care with a national medical service and health insurance system.[3] It also claims that health services are offered for free.[4] However, this claim has been contested by North Korean defectors, who assert that patients must in fact pay for health services, that the upper classes have access to a higher standard of healthcare, and that \"how much money a patient has determined whether they live or die\".[5] ## Overview [edit] In 1946, free, but not universal, healthcare was mandated by North Korea\'s Social Insurance Law.[6] Beginning in the 1950s, North Korea put great emphasis on healthcare. In 1952 basic universal healthcare was started,[6] and between 1955 and 1986, the number of hospitals grew from 285 to 2,401, and the number of clinics from 1,020 to 5,644.[7] Most hospitals that exist today in the DPRK were built in the 1960s and 1970s.[8] During the rule of Kim Il Sung, effective mandatory health checkups and immunization programs were initiated.[9] The country could support a large corps of doctors due to their low salaries. The number of doctors remains high, though there is a shortage of nurses, meaning that doctors often have to perform routine procedures. The medical infrastructure is fairly effective in preventive medicine, but less so in terms of treating the more demanding conditions.[10] Since 1979, more emphasis has been put on traditional Korean medicine, based on treatment with herbs and acupuncture. A national telemedicine network was launched in 2010 that connects the Kim Man-yu Hospital [ja] in Pyongyang with 10 provincial medical facilities.[11] North Korea\'s healthcare system suffered a steep decline since the 1990s because of natural disasters, economic problems, and food and energy shortages. In 2001, North Korea spent 3% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, but during that same year, many hospitals and clinics in North Korea lacked essential medications, equipment, and running water due to the international sanctions against North Korea.[6][12] Electricity shortages remain the biggest problem. Even if sophisticated equipment were available, they are rendered useless if electricity is not available. Some facilities have generators available to meet demand during power outages.[13] In 2020 the construction of a new central Pyongyang hospital started, the Pyongyang General Hospital, in front of the Monument to Party Founding. This is part of a programme of healthcare system improvement.[14] ## Health status [edit] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Life_expectancy_in_North_Korea_and_South_Korea.svg/250px- Life_expectancy_in_North_Korea_and_South_Korea.svg.png\\")Development of life expectancy in North Korea and South Korea ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Child_mortality_rate_in_North_Korea.png/250px- Child_mortality_rate_in_North_Korea.png\\")Development of child mortality in North Korea since 1960 Amnesty International, citing interviews with North Korean defectors, painted a grim picture of the North Korean healthcare system as one with \"barely functioning hospitals.\" It described hospitals that operate without heat or electricity and doctors forced to work by flashlight or candlelight, doctors performing operations without anesthetics, patients forced to pay for firewood or use makeshift heaters by burning wood inside steel plates or a drum to keep their rooms warm, and shortages of medical equipment and medicines. Allegedly, a certain level of free medical treatment and preventive medicine was available to common citizens under Kim Il Sung, but the system\'s quality lapsed afterward. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) criticized the Amnesty International report as outdated and factually inaccurate, describing the healthcare system as \"the envy of the developing world\" while acknowledging that \"challenges remained, including poor infrastructure, a lack of equipment, malnutrition and a shortage of medicines.\"[15][5][16] Special health care is available mainly in cities,[13] where pharmacies are also common.[17] Essential medicines are also well available.[18] There are hospitals attached to factories and mines. A study based on interviews with respondent-driven sampled defectors living in South Korea found that 65.4% of respondents paid out-of-pocket for medicines 82% for medical supplies and 75.9% for other items such as \"meals or heating when in health facilities.\"[19] A 2013 study stated that the largest obstacle to understanding the accurate health status of North Korea is the lack of validity and reliability of its health data.[2] ### Life expectancy [edit] North Korea has a life expectancy of 72 years (as of 2020).[1] The 2009 gender breakdown was 72.8 years of life expectancy for females and 64.9 for males.[20] Period | Life expectancy inYears | Period | Life expectancy inYears ---|---|---|--- 1950–1955 | 37.6 | 1985–1990 | 68.6 1955–1960 | 49.9 | 1990–1995 | 70.0 1960–1965 | 51.6 | 1995–2000 | 63.5 1965–1970 | 57.2 | 2000–2005 | 68.1 1970–1975 | 61.7 | 2005–2010 | 68.4 1975–1980 | 65.0 | 2010–2015 | 70.8 1980–1985 | 67.1 Source: UN World Population Prospects[21] ### Malnutrition [edit] See also: North Korean famine During the 1990s, North Korea was ravaged by famine, causing the death of between 500,000 and 3,000,000 people.[3] Food shortages are ongoing today, with factors such as bad weather, lack of fertiliser, and a drop in international donation meaning that North Koreans do not have enough to eat.[22] A study of North Koreans in 2008 found that three-quarters of respondents had reduced their food intake.[22] Extreme poverty is also a factor in the hunger faced by North Korean people, with 27% of the population living at or below the absolute poverty line of less than US$1 a day.[3] These food shortages cause a number of malnutrition diseases. A 2009 UNICEF report found that North Korea was \"one of 18 countries with the highest prevalence of stunting (moderate and severe) among children under 5 years old\".[22] A survey in 2017 found that less than 20% of North Korean children were stunted, a decrease from 32% in 2009.[23] ### Sanitation [edit] A survey conducted in 2017 found that most people had access to a toilet, but that 93% of sanitation facilities were not connected to a sewage system. Rather, the human waste was used as fertilizer on fields, creating the potential health risk of spreading intestinal worms. The survey also found that a quarter of people had drunk contaminated drinking water.[23] ### Ophthalmology [edit] In 2006, Professor Gerd Auffarth of Heidelberg University Eye Hospital in Germany was permitted to visit the country. He is one of the few Western surgeons to have carried out eye surgery in North Korea. Before he arrived in Pyongyang, he was authorized to do just five surgeries but once he reached the University Hospital, he found that he could do seventeen: one perforating keratoplasty using donor tissue he had brought from Germany, three scleral- fixated secondary IOL implantations, and thirteen phacoemulsification procedures with IOL implants. All the procedures were conducted with topical anesthesia which had been brought with him from Germany. He reported on his experiences in 2011 in a video entitled, Ophthalmology Behind the Iron Curtain: Cataract Surgery in North Korea, saying that the economic conditions have led to improvisations – especially because of the absence of consumable medical devices but he commented that once a visiting surgeon adapts to these unique surroundings, he found that teaching and clinical work could be very effective and satisfying for both surgeon and patient.[24] As a consequence of this visit, in 2007 two young North Korean ophthalmic surgeons were permitted to visit Heidelberg and remain for six months, gaining extensive training in cataract surgery. Another foreign ophthalmologist to visit North Korea to do surgery is Sanduk Ruit from Nepal.[25] The Nepalese Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology trains North Korean practitioners of ophthalmology.[26] ### Non-communicable diseases [edit] Further information: Smoking in North Korea Non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors in North Korea include high rates of urbanization, an aging society, and high rates of smoking and alcohol consumption amongst men.[2] Cardiovascular disease as a single disease group is the largest cause of death in North Korea (2013).[2] The three major causes of death in DPR Korea are ischaemic heart disease (13%), lower respiratory infections (11%) and cerebrovascular disease (7%).[20] Approximately 54.8% of all North Korean adult males smoke an average of fifteen cigarettes per day.[20] Smoking prevalence is slightly higher amongst the urban worker population than the farming population.[20] Amongst men, a high rate of excessive alcohol consumption has been reported, defined by the World Health Organization as consumption of more than one bottle, per sitting, per person (26.3% of males).[20] The North Korean government has prioritized the prevention of NCDs in their National Strategic Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2014-2020 and in 2005 ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. As of 2022, it prioritized the prevention of diabetes.[27] ### Oral health [edit] ![](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/North_Korea- Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg/220px-North_Korea- Pyongyang_Maternity_Hospital-04.jpg\\")A dental clinic at Pyongyang Maternity Hospital In the past, North Koreans had few problems with dental health because their diet included little sugar.[28] Since the 2000s, sugar has been introduced to diets in the form of confectionery and sweet snacks, especially in urban areas. Toothpaste is not regularly used.[29] ### Infectious diseases [edit] In 2003, infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, malaria, and hepatitis B, were described as endemic to North Korea.[30] An estimated 4.5% of North Koreans had hepatitis B in 2003.[20] In 2009, the flu pandemic in Asia affected the country. Further information: 2009 flu pandemic in Asia In 2010, Amnesty International reported that North Korea was experiencing a tuberculosis epidemic, with 5% of the population infected with the disease. It attributed this to the \"overall deterioration in health and nutrition status of the population as well as the rundown of the public health services\".[22] In 2010, infections that cause pneumonia and diarrhea were reported to be the leading causes of child death.[31] In 2009, one-third of the school-age children in North Korea were assessed as having diseases caused by intestinal parasites.[32] #### Coronavirus outbreak [edit] Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea In 2020, North Korea was one of the first countries to close borders and take other measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[33] On 12 May 2022, North Korea announced its first case.[34] #### HIV/AIDS [edit] The DPRK government has always maintained that North Korea is completely free of AIDS.[35][36][37] According to UNAIDS, less than 0.2% of North Korea\'s adult population were HIV-positive in 2006.[38] In 2018, WHO\'s North Korean office said there were no reported HIV positive cases in the country.[39] A study in 2002 found both men and women were reasonably educated about HIV/AIDS. More than two-thirds knew about ways to avoid HIV/AIDS, and there were only few misconceptions about the disease.[40] However, according to the UN Population Fund in 2001, even hospital staff occasionally had limited awareness.[36] Travel across the border to China has been seen as a risk factor.[36][41] In 2011, North Korea spent $1,000,000 on HIV prevention, with similar figures for previous years.[42] The same year, North Korea received $75,000 of international aid for combatting HIV/AIDS.[43] There are testing points and clinics,[36] but no antiretroviral therapy was reportedly available in 2006.[38] North Korea has punitive laws concerning certain populations at risk of HIV/AIDS. According to UNAIDS, such laws can stigmatize those affected by HIV/AIDS and hinder their treatment. North Korea criminalizes the sex trade. Some drug-related crimes are capital offenses. On the other hand, drug users are not subjected to compulsory detention. Same-sex relations between consenting adult males are not illegal.[44] North Korea deports visitors upon discovery of HIV-positive status.[45] In 2019, American journal Science has reported the country has higher numbers of HIV than expected, with a total number of 8362 people with HIV in the country.[46] ## Traditional Korean medicine [edit] According to the Korean Medical Association, more than 80 percent of primary care in North Korea relies on traditional Korean medicine.[47] The association suggests the promotion of traditional medicine is the result of poor pharmaceutical production.[47] North Korean law both requires and emphasizes that Western medicine must be combined with traditional Korean medicine.[47] Article 31 of the North Korean Medical Law stipulates that medical institutions must use acupuncture and traditional Korean medicine to treat patients.[47] Other aspects of the law also emphasize developing both traditional and modern medicine, which is reflected in most North Korean medical journals.[47] ## See also [edit] * ![\\"flag\\"](\\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png\\")North Korea portal * Disability in North Korea * Basic Medicine ## References [edit] 1. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ \"Korea, Dem. People\'s Rep\". _The World Bank_. Retrieved 1 August 2022. 2. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ _**d**_ _**e**_ Lee, YH; Yoon, SJ; Kim, YA; Yeom, JW; Oh, IH (2013). \"Overview of the burden of diseases in North Korea\". _J Prev Med Public Health_. **46** (3): 111–7. doi:10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.3.111. PMC 3677063. PMID 23766868. 3. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division (2007). \"Country Profile: North Korea\" (PDF). Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. Retrieved 6 September 2010. 4. **^** Country Profile 2007, pp. 7–8. 5. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Shim, Tae-il (21 February 2020). \"Ask a North Korean: what is the healthcare system in the DPRK really like?\". _NK News_. 6. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ Cho, Sung-Eun Cho. \"North Korea\'s Healthcare: Current State and Outlook\" (PDF). Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 7. **^** \"North Korea Public Health\". Country Studies. 8. **^** Toimela & Aalto 2017, p. 33. 9. **^** Lankov 2015, p. 67. 10. **^** Lankov 2015, p. 68. 11. **^** \"NKorea launches telemedicine network with WHO help\". _The Seattle Times_. 27 April 2010. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014. 12. **^** \"N Korea healthcare \'near collapse\'\". _BBC News_. 20 November 2001. 13. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Toimela & Aalto 2017, p. 37. 14. **^** Williams, Martyn (26 March 2020). \"Construction Begins on New Pyongyang General Hospital\". _38 North_. The Henry L. Stimson Center. Retrieved 1 April 2020. 15. **^** \"Aid agencies row over North Korea health care system\". _BBC News_. 10 July 2010. 16. **^** \"North Korea\'s \'horrifying\' health care system\". _The Week_. 9 January 2015. 17. **^** Toimela & Aalto 2017, pp. 37–38. 18. **^** Toimela & Aalto 2017, p. 38. 19. **^** Lee, Hayoung; Robinson, Courtland; Kim, Jaeshin; McKee, Martin; Cha, Jiho (December 2020). \"Health and healthcare in North Korea: a retrospective study among defectors\". _Conflict and Health_. **14** (1). doi:10.1186/s13031-020-00284-y. ISSN 1752-1505. PMC 7322883. PMID 32612674. 20. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ _**d**_ _**e**_ _**f**_ \"WHO country cooperation strategy: Democratic People\'s Republic of Korea 2009–2013. 2009\" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2007. 21. **^** \"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations\". Retrieved 15 July 2017. 22. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ _**d**_ _The Crumbling State of Health Care in North Korea_. Amnesty International. July 2010. ASA 24/001/2010. Retrieved 29 September 2017.> 23. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ Miles, Tom (21 June 2018). \"Tackling North Korea\'s chronically poor sewage \'not rocket science\': U.N.\" Reuters. 24. **^** \"Ophthalmology Behind the Iron Curtain: Cataract Surgery in North Korea\". _ASCRS/ASOA 2012 – Virtual Films_. Retrieved 26 August 2017. 25. **^** Brown, Sophie (15 December 2014). \"Nepalese eye doctor restored vision of 100,000 people\". CNN. Retrieved 4 April 2018. 26. **^** Willoughby, Robert (2014). _North Korea: The Bradt Travel Guide_ (3rd ed.). Chalfront: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-84162-476-1. 27. **^** Ryder, C. Yoonhee; Lee, Hayoung; Park, Kee B. (12 January 2022). \"Why North Korea Is Buying More Insulin Than Ever\". _38 North_. The Henry L. Stimson Center. Retrieved 19 January 2022. 28. **^** Toimela & Aalto 2017, pp. 34–35. 29. **^** Toimela & Aalto 2017, p. 35. 30. **^** \"Life Inside North Korea\". _U.S. Department of State_. Retrieved 18 November 2008. 31. **^** \"Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000–2010): taking stock of maternal, newborn and child survival.\", World Health Organization, 2010. 32. **^** Soil-transmitted helminthiases: estimates of the number of children needing preventive chemotherapy and number treated, 2009. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2011;86(25):257–267. 33. **^** Kee B. Park; Jessup Jong; Youngwoo Jung (23 April 2020). \"Do They or Do They Not Have COVID-19 Inside North Korea?\". _38 North_. The Henry L. Stimson Center. Retrieved 26 April 2020. 34. **^** \"North Korea orders strict lockdown with first official Covid cases\". _BBC News_. 12 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022. 35. **^** \"Epidemiological Fact Sheets on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections : 2004 Update : Democratic People\'s Republic of Korea\" (PDF). UNAIDS / WHO. 2004. p. 6. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 36. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ _**d**_ O\'Byrne, Tom (2 December 2001). \"North Korea fights AIDS\". ABC Radio National. Retrieved 8 December 2015. 37. **^** Shim, Elizabeth (1 December 2015). \"North Korea says it is \'AIDS-free,\' thanks to healthcare system\". _UPI_. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 38. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ \"2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic : A UNAIDS 10th anniversary special edition\" (PDF). UNAIDS. 2006. p. 343. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 39. **^** \"World Health Organization: DPR Korea: HIV/AIDS\". 2018. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2018. 40. **^** \"Adolescent Health : Fact Sheet : DPR Korea\" (PDF). Adolescent of Health Development (AHD) Unit, Department of Family and Community Health, World Health Organization. January 2007. p. 3. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 41. **^** \"Young People and HIV/AIDS : Fact Sheet : DPR Korea\" (PDF). Regional Office for South East Asia, World Health Organization. 20 November 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015. 42. **^** Global Report 2012, p. A82. 43. **^** Global Report 2012, p. A88. 44. **^** _HIV in Asia and the Pacific : UNAIDS Report 2013_ (PDF). UNAIDS. 2013. p. 27. ISBN 978-92-9253-049-5. 45. **^** Global Report 2012, p. 89. 46. **^** \"Exclusive: North Korea claimed to be free of HIV. But infections appear to be surging\". 47. ^ _**a**_ _**b**_ _**c**_ _**d**_ _**e**_ \"북한의 조선약 최근 연구 동향은?\". _한의신문_ (in Korean). Retrieved 7 July 2023. ### Works cited [edit] * \"Country Profile: North Korea\" (PDF). Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. July 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2009. * _Global Report : UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2012_ (PDF). UNAIDS. 2012. ISBN 978-92-9173-592-1. Retrieved 7 December 2015. * Lankov, Andrei (2015). _The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia_. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-939003-8. * Toimela, Markku; Aalto, Kaj (2017). _Salakahvilla Pohjois-Koreassa: Markku Toimelan jännittävä tie Pohjois-Korean luottomieheksi_ (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Docendo. ISBN 978-952-291-369-2. ## Further reading [edit] * Kim Jong-il (22 July 1992). _Some Problems Arising in Improving Public Health_ (PDF). Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. ## External links [edit] * WHO DPR Korea * WHO DPR Korea profile * WHO Country Cooperation Strategy Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (Archived 9 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine) * Health in North Korea at Curlie * _The Public Health Law of the Democratic People\'s Republic of Korea: Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth Supreme People\'s Assembly of the Democratic People\'s Republic of Korea 3 April, 1980_ (PDF). 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Video of 20000 bikers performing a motorbike parade for a 6yearsold boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany | 3,316 | * Facebook * Twitter * Youtube * Instagram * Subscribe ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![](\\" ![\\"FACTLY\\"](\\" Logo.png\\"/) ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Navigate * ![](\\" * Stories 1. India 2. Infographics 3. Politics 4. Fact Check 5. Elections 6. Business 7. Crime 8. 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DATA ROUNDUP ![\\"\\"](\\" paraded-to-cheer-a-cancer-diagnosed-boy-Thumbnail-702x336.jpg\\") English, Fake News # Motorbike parade video from Brazil is shared as visuals of 20,000 bikers riding for a German boy diagnosed with Cancer 0 By Dilip Kumar Sripada on February 22, 2022 * A A A Twitter Facebook Reddit A video is being shared on social media claiming it as the visuals of 20,000 bikers in a motorbike parade to cheer a 6-years-old boy in Germany diagnosed with cancer. Let’s verify the claim made in the post. ![\\"\\"](\\" paraded-to-cheer-a-cancer-diagnosed-boy-Claim.jpg\\")The archived version of the post can be seen here. > Claim: Video of 20,000 bikers performing a motorbike parade for a 6-years- > old boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany. > > Fact: The video shared in the post shows video clips from two different > motorbike parades. The first portion of the video shows an old motorbike > parade organized by Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro and his supporters in > San Paulo, Brazil. Jair Bolsonaro held this protest against the state > governors and mayors in Brazil for imposing lockdowns to control the > COVID-19 pandemic in the country. In July 2021, around 15,000 bikers have > paraded through East Frisian town in Germany to cheer a 6-years-old boy > diagnosed with cancer. The last portion of the video shows the boy cheering > at the motorcyclists who rallied in thousands for him. Hence, the claim made > in the post is MISLEADING. On reverse image search of the screenshots in the video, similar visuals of the motorcycle parade were found in a video published by a YouTube channel on 14 June 2021. This YouTube channel reported it as the visuals of a motorbike parade led by Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro in San Paulo, Brazil. ![\\"\\"](\\" paraded-to-cheer-a-cancer-diagnosed-boy-Image-1.jpg\\") When we searched for more sources using keywords, we found similar motorbike parade visuals in the videos published by different news websites in June 2021. They can be seen here, here, and here. According to the reports, Jair Bolsonaro and his supporters organised this parade in June 2021 to protest against the state governors and mayors in Brazil for imposing lockdowns to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. ![\\"\\"](\\" paraded-to-cheer-a-cancer-diagnosed-boy-Image-2.jpg\\") On searching for the details of the second portion of the video, a video with similar visuals was found on YouTube with a description, “20000 Bikers in Germany Drove to the house of a 6 year old Cancer Boy || Humanity still exists”. On searching for further details, it is found out that in July 2021, around 15,000 bikers did a parade through East Frisian town in Germany to cheer a 6-years-old boy diagnosed with cancer. Several news websites have published articles reporting this information. They can be seen here and here. The second portion of the video shows the boy diagnosed with cancer cheering at the motorcyclists who rallied in thousands for him. From all these pieces of evidence, it can be concluded that the video shared in the post shows video clips from two different motorbike parades. ![\\"\\"](\\" paraded-to-cheer-a-cancer-diagnosed-boy-Image-3.jpg\\") To sum it up, an old video of a motorbike parade in Brazil is shared as visuals of 20,000 bikers riding for a boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany. ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Share. 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Video of 20000 bikers performing a motorbike parade for a 6yearsold boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany | 3,316 | CLOSE * . * Archives * About Us * Contact * Sinhala * Tamil * APAC __ * India * India English * India Marathi * Myanmar * Myanmar English * Bangladesh * Cambodia * Afghanistan * Thailand ![\\"Fact](\\"/images/logo.png?v=1\\") * * * * * * ![\\"Fact](\\"/images/logo.png?v=1\\") ![\\"\\"](\\" banner-image-e1702017847923.png\\") ![\\"Fact](\\" * . * Archives * About Us * Contact * Sinhala * Tamil * APAC * India * India English * India Marathi * Myanmar * Myanmar English * Bangladesh * Cambodia * Afghanistan * Thailand * ![](\\"/images/home.png\\"/) * >> * English * >> * International # Scenes of 20,000 bike parade to cheer up a 6-year-old German kid suffering from terminal cancer? (VIDEO) ## Cancer is considered as one of the major non communicable diseases. Irrespective of their age, many people become victims of cancers, undergo a lot of hardships. Many empathize and show compassion and kindness towards cancer patients and such acts are often spread via social media as well. This is our investigation related to a video post […] By![\\"\\"](\\"/images/authorplaceholder.jpg\\") Loading... |22 Jun 2022 5:04 PM IST ![\\"Scenes](\\"/images/placeholder.jpg\\") X * Share * Tweet * Whatsapp * Telegram * LinkedIniiiii * __Email * __Print ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/06/English_20220622_223313_0000.png?resize=640%2C360\\") Cancer is considered as one of the major non communicable diseases. Irrespective of their age, many people become victims of cancers, undergo a lot of hardships. Many empathize and show compassion and kindness towards cancer patients and such acts are often spread via social media as well. This is our investigation related to a video post which showed a gathering of thousands of bikers as per the last wish of a 6-year-old kid, who was suffering from terminal cancer. ### Social Media Posts A social media user added a video to Facebook with the below note. “The last wish of a 6-year-old boy suffering from cancer in northern Germany was to see motorcyclists circling around his house. According to the family, about 30 people were found, but in the end, 20,000 motorcyclists volunteered. That was the child\'s last happiness.” Facebook These posts went viral on Facebook. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/06/image-38.png?resize=510%2C566&ssl=1\\") ### Fact Check First, we analyzed the viral video carefully and were able to identify that there were two main parts to this video, indicating the possibility of two different clips. Then, we did a reverse image search using Invid - We Verify tool and was able to find the roots of this video. First part of this video had been taken from a video footage, uploaded on 14th of June 2021, which stated that over a million bikers had joined a motor parade in Sao Paulo, led by Brazil\'s President Jair Bolsonaro. We were able to find a few news reports about the incident shown in this video footage as well and can be reached from here and here. According to these reports, and the video caption, Brazil\'s President Jair Bolsonaro had organized this motorbike parade to protest against the governors and mayors who had imposed lockdowns in their states and cities to mitigate the risk of COVID19 spread. Then, we directed our attention towards the second part of the viral video which displays a kid who is sitting on a chair waving to the motorcyclists. Reverse image search of the video frames led us to the below video from July 2021, which included the clips which were used in the second part of the viral video. The video description stated that “20.000 Bikers drove to the house of a 6-year-old with terminal cancer in northern Germany. His last wish was to see bikers driving past his house…” We were able to find several new reports and a number of stock images which were in line with the above description as well. One such report can be read from here. Here is a Getty image capture from the same incident, where thousands of bikers had flocked to Lower Saxony, Rhauderfehn in Germany, to make Killian, a boy with cancer happy. Here is a Tweet from the same incident which states that the family of the boy had posted online requesting anyone to ride their motorbike past the boy’s home to cheer him up. To the parent’s surprise nearly 15,000 bikers had turned up. Follow us and stay up to date with our latest fact checks. Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Google News ### Conclusion According to our investigation, we found that the viral video was in fact created using clips from two different videos. First part of the video was extracted from a video, where a motor bike parade was organized by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, against Covid19 lockdowns in June 2021. The second part of the video was extracted from a video from July 2021, in which thousands of bikers had flocked to Lower Saxony, Rhauderfehn in Germany, to cheer up a little boy who was suffering from terminal cancer. ![\\"Avatar\\"](\\" content/uploads/2020/04/Misleading.png) Title:Parade of 20,000 bikes to cheer up a 6-year-old German kid suffering from a terminal cancer! (VIDEO) Fact Check By: Kalana Krishantha Result: Misleading வியன்னாஅனஸ்டாஸியாஆஸ்திரியாஇலங்கை வான்பரப்பைரஷ்யா இராணுவம்ஏவுகணைஉக்ரைன் அழகி அனஸ்டாஸியாகனடா இராணுவம் Next Story #### Similar Posts ## ![\\"Fact](\\"/images/logo.png\\") © Copyright 2022, All rights reserved. Powered by Hocalwire X ![\\"sidekick\\"](\\"/images/sidekick-open.png\\") |
Video of 20000 bikers performing a motorbike parade for a 6yearsold boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany | 3,316 | Nearly 20,000 bikers drove to the house of a 6-year-old with terminal cancer in northern Germany. Friends of his family posted it online trying to find maybe 30 bikers but it got shared and thousands came from Germany and neighboring countries : r/MadeMeSmile Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/MadeMeSmile A chip A close button Get app Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu * Log In / Sign Up * Advertise on Reddit * Shop Collectible Avatars ### Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now Or check it out in the app stores Go to MadeMeSmile r/MadeMeSmile r/MadeMeSmile Welcome! /r/MadeMeSmile is a place to share things that made you smile or brightened up your day. A generally uplifting subreddit. * * * 10M Members 1.5K Online • 3 yr. ago Kronyzx ADMIN MOD # Nearly 20,000 bikers drove to the house of a 6-year-old with terminal cancer in northern Germany. Friends of his family posted it online trying to find maybe 30 bikers but it got shared and thousands came from Germany and neighboring countries Wholesome Moments ![\\"media](\\" preview.redd.it/hlIlDoVaQQ8pOP48coQxe2kyfQjCqo_mYzB0t0rc3ig.png?width=640&crop=smart&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=87594a328d7455e3a9003a43a5ee5f5d8696ba91\\"/) Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Sort by: Best Open comment sort options * Best * Top * New * Controversial * Old * Q&A Uther_Pendragon_h • 3y ago • That\'s nice but it\'s more like r/mademecry Reply reply 44 more replies 44 more replies More replies [deleted] • 3y ago • Comment deleted by user Reply reply 31 more replies 31 more replies Evovsky • 3y ago • Ehrenbrüder Reply reply 3 more replies 3 more replies More replies DarkCrowI • 3y ago • Edited 3y ago • He has leukemia but from what I can find online he isnt terminally ill and this was done to help keep his spirit up during treatment. Edit: According to a reply he unfortunately did pass away, sorry if I mislead anyone but I didn\'t see that in any of the articles I found. Reply reply 13 more replies 13 more replies More replies MARKAZ08 • 3y ago • That is just amazing.. ❤️👍 Reply reply 8 more replies 8 more replies More replies Top 1% Rank by size Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community ## Top Posts * Reddit reReddit: Top posts of September 12, 2021 * Reddit reReddit: Top posts of September 2021 * Reddit reReddit: Top posts of 2021 * * * TOPICS * Internet Culture (Viral) * Amazing * Animals & Pets * Cringe & Facepalm * Funny * Interesting * Memes * Oddly Satisfying * Reddit Meta * Wholesome & Heartwarming * Games * Action Games * Adventure Games * Esports * Gaming Consoles & Gear * Gaming News & Discussion * Mobile Games * Other Games * Role-Playing Games * Simulation Games * Sports & Racing Games * Strategy Games * Tabletop Games * Q&As * Q&As * Stories & Confessions * Technology * 3D Printing * Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning * Computers & Hardware * Consumer Electronics * DIY Electronics * Programming * Software & Apps * Streaming Services * Tech News & Discussion * Virtual & Augmented Reality * Pop Culture * Celebrities * Creators & Influencers * Generations & Nostalgia * Podcasts * Streamers * Tarot & Astrology * Movies & TV * Action Movies & Series * Animated Movies & Series * Comedy Movies & Series * Crime, Mystery, & Thriller Movies & Series * Documentary Movies & Series * Drama Movies & Series * Fantasy Movies & Series * Horror Movies & Series * Movie News & Discussion * Reality TV * Romance Movies & Series * Sci-Fi Movies & Series * Superhero Movies & Series * TV News & Discussion * RESOURCES * About Reddit * Advertise * Help * Blog * Careers * Press * Communities * Best of Reddit * Topics * Content Policy * Privacy Policy * User Agreement Reddit, Inc. © 2024. 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Video of 20000 bikers performing a motorbike parade for a 6yearsold boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany | 3,316 | * India Today * Aaj Tak * GNTTV * Lallantop * Business Today * Bangla * Malayalam * Northeast * BT Bazaar * Harper\'s Bazaar * Sports Tak * Crime Tak * Astro Tak * Gaming * Brides Today * Cosmopolitan * Kisan Tak * Ishq FM * India Today Hindi * Reader’s Digest * Aaj Tak Campus * India Today * Aaj Tak * GNTTV * Lallantop * Business Today * Bangla * Malayalam * Northeast * BT Bazaar * Harper\'s Bazaar * Sports Tak Magazine Live TV Search SEARCH SIGN IN Edition IN * IN * US * Home * TV * Live TV * Primetime * Elections * Schedule * Haryana Election * J&K Election * Haryana Constituency * J&K Constituency * Magazine * Latest Edition * Insight * Best Colleges * Life+Style * India * South * World * Business * All Sports * Sports Today * WT20 World Cup * Cricket * Football * Tennis * Technology * Entertainment * Showbuzz * Bollywood * Hollywood * OTT * Latest Reviews * Newspresso * Specials * Podcasts * First Things Fast * Sunday Special * History of It * NewsMo * DIU * Interactives * Opinion * Games * Videos * Short Videos * Fact Check * Other News * Education * It\'s Viral * Science * Health * Auto * Law Today * Environment * Cities * Weather * Web Stories * Horoscopes ### Download App ![\\"Download](\\" in.tosshub.com/sites/indiatoday/resources/img/default-690x413.png\\"/) Follow Us On: NewsFact CheckFact Check: Brazilian bike rally video makes its way into clip of Germans riding for cancer patient # Fact Check: Brazilian bike rally video makes its way into clip of Germans riding for cancer patient ## AFWA found that while the second part of a viral video is indeed from a bike rally organised in Germany to cheer a six-year-old boy diagnosed with cancer, the first part is unrelated. Listen to Story Live TV Share Advertisement ## India Today Fact Check Claim This video shows 20,000 bikers in Germany rallying to cheer up a six-year-old cancer patient. ![\\"Fact](\\" in.tosshub.com/indiatoday/images/story/202208/Cover_3_1200x768.jpeg?VersionId=bIEj1Ckkwa7N28vwSEVyGo8QKmdpA72_&size=295:166\\") Fact The second part of the video is indeed from a bike rally organised in Germany to cheer six-year-old Kilian, a cancer patient. The first part, however, is from a 2021 Brazilian anti-lockdown rally led by President Jair Bolsonaro. * ![\\"Fact](\\" in.tosshub.com/sites/indiatoday/resources/img/user_icon_50x50.jpg\\") Fact Check Bureau New Delhi,UPDATED: Aug 23, 2022 23:03 IST Videos of people helping and cheering those in need often leave us with a full heart. One such video making the rounds on social media shows a sea of bikers riding on a highway. At the end of the video, a young boy in a wheelchair can be seen cheering for the bikers as they arrive at his location. The caption along with the video reads, “In Germany, a six-year-old boy who loved Motorcycles was diagnosed with cancer. His family posted online asking if someone can ride past their house to cheer him up. They expected 20-30 people. But in the end, nearly 20,000 bikers showed up.” ![\\"\\"](\\" in.tosshub.com/indiatoday/images/bodyeditor/202208/Image_2__1_-1200x1280.jpeg?2c26U2IphA1UtECIoa4iLA2AnsSYHSjH?size=750:*\\") advertisement AFWA found that while the second part of the video is indeed from a bike rally organised in Germany to cheer a six-year-old boy diagnosed with cancer, the first part is unrelated. AFWA Probe We reverse-searched frames from the viral video and found a June 2021 YouTube video claiming the visuals to be from a Motor Parade in Sao Paulo, Brazil, led by President Jair Bolsonaro. Per the Hindustan Times, Bolsonaro had led a throng of 12,000 supporters on bikes through the streets of Sao Paulo on June 12, 2021. They were protesting state governors and mayors in Brazil who had imposed restrictive measures to stifle the spread of Covid-19. Other media reports on this rally can be seen here and here. Thousands of bikers cheer young cancer patient We came across a July 2021 YouTube video similar to the second part of the viral video, entitled, “Countless bikers gave a special surprise to a young boy.” According to the German news website “Welt”, on July 24, 2021, thousands of motorcyclists rode past the house of six-year-old Kilian, a cancer patient in the East Frisian town of Rhauderfehn, Germany. We also found a tweet from the official account of the local police that said around 15,000 motorcyclists took part in the rally that started around 12:30 p.m. and ended around 3:30 p.m. > UPDATE: Nach Schätzungen der Polizei nahmen etwa 15.000 Motorradfahrer*innen > an der Aktion #krachf¼rkilian teil. Wir konnten p¼nktlich um 12:30 Uhr > starten und um etwa 15:30 Uhr fuhr das letzte Motorrad an Kilianôs Haus > vorbei! Wir bedanken uns bei allen Mitwirkenden! pic.twitter.com/n0aOFlJVS4 > — Polizei Leer / Emden (@Polizei_LER_EMD) July 24, 2021 The boy was a huge fan of motorbikes. His family had posted online asking if people could ride past their home to cheer him up. The report said that he contracted lymphoma cancer in January 2021. Thus, we concluded that while the rally for the young cancer patient in Germany did take place, the number of bikers was closer to 15,000. At the same time, the first part of the video shows an entirely unrelated bike rally in Brazil. (Written by Yash Mittal, with inputs from Sanjana Saxena) Published By: Manisha Pandey Published On: Aug 23, 2022 \--- ENDS --- ![\\"\\"](\\"/images/fact-check.png\\"/) Want to send us something for verification? 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Video of 20000 bikers performing a motorbike parade for a 6yearsold boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany | 3,316 | skip to content Sign in Join * FACT CHECKER * INDIA * POLITICS * WORLD * ENTERTAINMENT * AI & TECH * UNITED STATES * BUSINESS * CLIMATE * BIG STORY * NRI CONNECT * HINDI __ Sign in Welcome!Log into your account your username your password Forgot your password? Create an account __ Sign up Welcome!Register for an account your email your username A password will be e-mailed to you. Password recovery Recover your password your email Search ![\\"Logo\\"](\\" PNG.png\\") ![\\"Logo\\"](\\" PNG.png\\") Menu Subscribe Now * FACT CHECKER * INDIA * POLITICS * WORLD * ENTERTAINMENT * AI & TECH * UNITED STATES * BUSINESS * CLIMATE * BIG STORY * NRI CONNECT * HINDI ![\\"Logo\\"](\\" PNG.png\\") * FACT CHECKER * INDIA * POLITICS * WORLD * ENTERTAINMENT * AI & TECH * UNITED STATES * BUSINESS * CLIMATE * BIG STORY * NRI CONNECT * HINDI ![\\"Logo\\"](\\" PNG.png\\") * FACT CHECKER * INDIA * POLITICS * WORLD * ENTERTAINMENT * AI & TECH * UNITED STATES * BUSINESS * CLIMATE * BIG STORY * NRI CONNECT * HINDI NM FACT CHECKER # Fact Check: Video Of Bike Rally In Brazil Falsely Linked To Germany By: NewsMobile Desk Date: February 23, 2022 A video of a bike rally is being shared circulated on social media with a claim 20,000 bikers drove past the house of a 6-year-old cancer patient in Germany after his mother mentioned online that he loves bikes. The video is being shared with a heart-wrenching story that reads, “In Germany, a 6-Year-old boy was diagnosed with Cancer. He loved Motorcycles. His Mom posted online asking anyone with a Mobike to ride by the house to cheer him up. She thought 20 bikers at the most would show up. Guess what…nearly 20,000 Bikes showed up..” ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/02/Screenshot_16.png\\") The link to the post can be seen here. ### FACT CHECK NewsMobile did a fact-check and found the claim to be misleading. On doing a Google Reverse Image Search with keyframes of the video, we found that the same video was uploaded on a YouTube channel on July 31, 2021. In the video, we can see that one of the billboards in the video has words like ‘soluções’ which is a Portuguese word for ‘solution’ and ‘funerais’ which is Portuguese for ‘funeral’. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/02/ba955885-f3f3-48b7-a7ef-b4ed4fb7c81d.png\\") Also, in the same video, at around 34 seconds, one can see some other vehicles that are in front of the motorbikes. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/02/Screenshot_17.png\\") In another video published by Folha De S.Paulo, taken from another angle, one can clearly see the same vehicles in front of the motorbikes. The article was published on June 18, 2021, with the title that reads in English as (via Google Translation), “Highway cameras show motorcycle rider passing with Bolsonaro in SP.” Jair Bolsonaro is the President of Brazil. The article said that the monitoring system for the Bandeirantes Highway recorded 6,661 vehicle passages on the morning of June 12, 2021, at the first toll booth within the section blocked for the motorcycle rider led by President Jair Bolsonaro in São Paulo. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/02/Screenshot_19-800x448.png\\") On further investigation, we found the same video was uploaded by a YouTube channel on June 12, 2021, with the caption that read, “INSANE: Over a MILLION bikers joined a Motor Parade in Sao Paulo lead by Brazil President Bolsonaro.” ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/02/Screenshot_20-800x561.png\\") Reuters also reported about the bike rally held by Jair Bolsonaro and his supporters on June 12, 2021. However, we also found a report by Manorama News dated October 2021, about the ‘15,000 bikers driving to the house of a 6-year-old Cancer Boy in Germany to fulfil his wish of seeing the bike. Thus, it is clear that the viral video shows a bike rally held by Jair Bolsonaro and does not show the visual of 20,000 bikers riding for a boy diagnosed with cancer in Germany. Hence, the post is misleading. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2018/10/6a5dcaa7-6945-4866-bdac-d329f715e60c.jpeg\\") #### If you want to fact-check any story, WhatsApp it now on +91 11 7127 9799 ![\\"\\"](\\" Image-2020-11-26-at-1.51.28-PM.jpeg\\") Error: Contact form not found. ### Click here for Latest News updates and viral videos on our AI-powered smart news * Tags * #LoveSuperbikes * 6 year old cancer boy * bike riders * bikes for 6 year old cancer boy * Brazil * Fact check * fake news * Germany * Jair Bolsonaro Previous article Fact Check: Does The Viral Video Show Brazil Truckers Supporting Anti-Vaccine Protest In Canada? 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Asaduddin Owaisi has said that Narendra Modi will become the Prime Minister of the country for the third time | 3,317 | Advertisement Skip linksSkip to Content play Live Close navigation menu Navigation menu * NewsShow more news sections * Middle East * Africa * Asia * US & Canada * Latin America * Europe * Asia Pacific * War on Gaza * US Election * Opinion * Sport * Video * MoreShow more sections * Features * Ukraine war * Economy * Climate Crisis * Investigations * Interactives * In Pictures * Science & Technology * Podcasts play Live Click here to searchsearch Sign up BREAKING Hamas launches rocket barrage at Israel on October 7 anniversaryArmed wing says it fired M-90 rockets towards Tel AvivAir raid sirens sound off in the city Click to pause breaking news tickerpause-square-backgroundClose Breaking News Tickerclose # India election 2024 updates: Modi, rivals fight Phase 4 of Lok Sabha vote Voters in 96 constituencies in nine states and one union territory go to polls in the fourth phase of the world’s largest election. play videoplay video ![\\"India](\\"/wp- content/uploads/2024/05/2024-05-13T070642Z_1227415426_RC2IP7AJV9S1_RTRMADP_3_INDIA- ELECTION-1715595884.jpg?resize=730%2C410&quality=80\\") Video Duration 02 minutes 15 seconds 02:15 By Nadim Asrar and Usaid Siddiqui Published On 13 May 202413 May 2024 Save articles to read later and create your own reading list. Close Tooltip Click here to share on social media share-grey facebooktwitterwhatsappcopylink This live page is now closed. You can continue to follow our coverage of India’s election here. Read more aj-logo aj-logo aj-logo aj-logo * AboutShow more * About Us * Code of Ethics * Terms and Conditions * EU/EEA Regulatory Notice * Privacy Policy * Cookie Policy * Cookie PreferencesCookie preferences * Sitemap * Work for us * ConnectShow more * Contact Us * User Accounts Help * Advertise with us * Apps * Newsletters * Channel Finder * TV Schedule * Podcasts * Submit a Tip * Our ChannelsShow more * Al Jazeera Arabic * Al Jazeera English * Al Jazeera Investigative Unit * Al Jazeera Mubasher * Al Jazeera Documentary * Al Jazeera Balkans * AJ+ * Our NetworkShow more * Al Jazeera Centre for Studies * Al Jazeera Media Institute * Learn Arabic * Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights * Al Jazeera Forum * Al Jazeera Hotel Partners Follow Al Jazeera English: * facebook * twitter * youtube * instagram-colored-outline * rss ![\\"Al](\\"/static/media/aj-footer-logo.bac952ad.svg\\") © 2024 Al Jazeera Media Network ## You rely on Al Jazeera for truth and transparency We use cookies and other tracking technologies to deliver and personalize content and ads, enable features, measure site performance, and enable social media sharing. You can choose to customize your preferences.Learn more about our Cookie Policy. Cookie preferences Allow all |
Asaduddin Owaisi has said that Narendra Modi will become the Prime Minister of the country for the third time | 3,317 | British Broadcasting Corporation Register* Home * News * US Election * Sport * Business * Innovation * Culture * Arts * Travel * Earth * Video * Live RegisterHome News US Election Sport Business Innovation Culture Arts Travel Earth Video Live Audio Weather Newsletters # CAA: India to enforce migrant law that excludes Muslims 12 March 2024 Share Save Nikhila Henry in Delhi and Kathryn Armstrong in London BBC News Share Save ![\\"Getty](\\" Images Hindu people in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan are among those who will be able to seek citizenship India\'s government has announced plans to enact a controversial citizenship law that has been criticised for being anti-Muslim. The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) will allow non-Muslim religious minorities from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan to seek citizenship. The authorities say it will help those facing persecution. The law was passed in 2019 - sparking mass protests in which scores of people died and many more were arrested. Rules for it were not drawn up in the wake of the unrest but have now been, according to the country\'s home affairs minister Amit Shah. He made the announcement on Monday, writing on social media that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had \"delivered on another commitment and realised the promise of the makers of our constitution to the Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians living in those countries\". India\'s home ministry in a statement said that those eligible can now apply online for Indian citizenship. An online portal for receiving applications has already been set up. The ministry said that there have been \"many misconceptions\" about the law and its implementation was delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. \"This act is only for those who have suffered persecution for years and have no other shelter in the world except India,\" it added. The implementation of the CAA has been one of the key poll promises of Mr Modi\'s ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the run-up to general elections this year. It amends the 64-year-old Indian Citizenship law, which currently prevents illegal migrants from becoming Indian citizens. Under the new law, those seeking citizenship will have to prove that they arrived in India from Pakistan, Bangladesh or Afghanistan by 31 December 2014. * The Citizenship Amendment Act explained * Are India\'s claims about minorities in other countries true? Monday\'s announcement did not come as a surprise to many, as BJP leaders have been dropping hints over the past few months that the law could be implemented before the elections. After the notification was issued, BJP handles trended hashtags like \"Jo Kaha So Kiya\" (We did what we said) online. In the meantime, protests against the CAA have started in some states, including Assam, where the All Assam Students\' Union (AASU) - which spearheaded the 2019 protests in the north-eastern state - has given a call for a shutdown on Tuesday. In the southern state of Kerala, the ruling Communist Party of India (Marxist) party has called for state-wide protests. \"This [the law] is to divide the people, incite communal sentiments and undermine the fundamental principles of the Constitution,\" Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan said, adding that the law would not be implemented in his state. ![](\\"/bbcx/grey- placeholder.png\\"/)![\\"Getty](\\" Images The country witnessed massive protests against the law in 2019 Critics of the CAA say it is exclusionary and violates the secular principles enshrined in the constitution, which prohibits discrimination against citizens on religious grounds. For example, the new law does not cover those fleeing persecution in non- Muslim majority countries, including Tamil refugees from Sri Lanka. It also does not make provision for Rohingya Muslim refugees from neighbouring Myanmar. There is concern that, when harnessed in tandem with a proposed national register of citizens, the CAA could be used as a way to persecute the country\'s 200 million Muslims. Some Indians, including those who live close to India\'s borders, are also worried that implementing the law will lead to an influx of immigrants. Monday\'s announcement has not gone down well with the opposition, who accuse the government of trying to influence the upcoming election. This is expected to be held by May and Prime Minister Narendra Modi is seeking re-election for a third term in a row. \"After multiple extensions in four years, its [the law\'s] implementation two to three days before the election announcement shows that it is being done for political reasons,\" said All India Trinamool Congress party leader, Mamata Banerjee, at a press conference. Jairam Ramesh, the communication head of the Indian National Congress, wrote on social media that \"the time taken to notify the rules for the CAA is yet another demonstration of the Prime Minister\'s blatant lies\". Asaduddin Owaisi, the leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen party, questioned the timing of the move. \"CAA is meant to only target Muslims, it serves no other purpose,\" he wrote on X (formerly Twitter). ![\\"Presentational](\\" ## Read more India stories from the BBC: * Indian troops to exit Maldives as China gains foothold * Tight security in Kashmir for Modi pre-election trip * India economy beats expectations with 8.4% growth * In pictures: Bollywood stars and billionaires at lavish party * India village in the eye of a political storm ![\\"Presentational](\\" ## Why Assam erupted over India\'s \'anti-Muslim\' law ## India court refuses to put citizenship law on hold Asia Narendra Modi India Related ## Blast kills two Chinese near Pakistan\'s Karachi airport 45 mins agoAsia ## Maldives president in Delhi to seek aid and reboot ties 1 day agoAsia ## My mission is to take Tamil music global, says Sid Sriram 1 day agoWorld More 1 day ago ![\\"Indian](\\" ## Maldives president visits India amid trouble in tourist paradise President Muizzu is visiting India at a time when his country is staring at an economic crisis. 1 day agoAsia 2 days ago ![\\"A](\\" ## The Polish artist who painted Hindu gods in Indian palaces Stefan Norblin painted beautiful murals in the art deco style for Indian maharajas in the 1940s. 2 days agoAsia 3 days ago ![](\\"/bbcx/grey- placeholder.png\\"/)![\\"Actor](\\" ad45-893aa022fcbc.jpg.webp\\") ## Legendary film track voted best noughties Bollywood song Stars from the world of Bollywood have been reacting to BBC Asian Network\'s top 50 noughties songs. 3 days agoNewsbeat 3 days ago ![](\\"/bbcx/grey- placeholder.png\\"/)![\\"India\\'s](\\" ## India\'s foreign minister to visit Pakistan for the first time since 2015 India\'s foreign minister S Jaishankar will be attending a regional meeting in Pakistan this month. 3 days agoAsia 3 days ago ![](\\"/bbcx/grey- placeholder.png\\"/)![\\"A](\\" ## India government says criminalising marital rape \'excessively harsh\' The government has opposed petitions in the country\'s top court that seek criminalisation of marital rape. 3 days agoAsia British Broadcasting Corporation * Home * News * US Election * Sport * Business * Innovation * Culture * Arts * Travel * Earth * Video * Live * Audio * Weather * BBC Shop BBC in other languages ## Follow BBC on: * Terms of Use * About the BBC * Privacy Policy * Cookies * Accessibility Help * Contact the BBC * Advertise with us * Do not share or sell my info * Contact technical support Copyright 2024 BBC. 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Asaduddin Owaisi has said that Narendra Modi will become the Prime Minister of the country for the third time | 3,317 | Sign Up for Our Ideas Newsletter POV SubscribeSubscribe Sections * Home * U.S. * Politics * World * Health * Climate * Future of Work by Charter * Business * Tech * Entertainment * Ideas * Science * History * Sports * Magazine * TIME 2030 * Next Generation Leaders * TIME100 Leadership Series * TIME Studios * Video * TIME100 Talks * TIMEPieces * The TIME Vault * TIME for Health * TIME for Kids * TIME Edge * TIMECO2 * Red Border: Branded Content by TIME * Coupons * Personal Finance by TIME Stamped * Shopping by TIME Stamped Join Us * Newsletters * Subscribe * Give a Gift * Shop the TIME Store * TIME Cover Store * Digital Magazine Customer Care * US & Canada * Global Help Center Reach Out * Careers * Press Room * Contact the Editors * Media Kit * Reprints and Permissions More * About Us * Privacy Policy * Your Privacy Rights * Terms of Use * Modern Slavery Statement * Site Map Connect with Us * * * * Presented By * World * India * Indian Prime Minister Modi Accused of ‘Hate Speech’ Toward Muslims in Campaign Rally # Indian Prime Minister Modi Accused of ‘Hate Speech’ Toward Muslims in Campaign Rally 4 minute read ![\\"India](\\" content/uploads/2024/04/GettyImages-2148609316.jpg?quality=85&w=2400\\")Prime Minister Narendra Modi gestures as he addresses an election campaign rally on April 14, 2024 in Mysuru, India. Abhishek Chinnappa—Getty Images By Armani Syed April 22, 2024 1:16 PM EDT Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is under fire for invoking anti-Muslim tropes in a speech on Sunday as he campaigns in the nation’s ongoing general election. Speaking to a large crowd at a rally in the western state of Rajasthan, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader made controversial remarks describing Muslims as “infiltrators.” Modi said that if the main opposition party, the Indian National Congress, is voted into power at the end of the weeks’ long election, they would unfairly distribute wealth. “When they were in power, they said Muslims have first right over resources. They will gather all your wealth and distribute it among those who have more children,” Modi told a crowd of supporters. “Do you think your hard-earned money should be given to infiltrators? Would you accept this?” he said of India’s Muslim population, which consists of around 230 million people. The remarks appeared to be a reference to harmful tropes that accuse Muslims of displacing Hindus by building large families. The comments have been widely criticized by opposition leaders and prominent Muslim figures and triggered anger worldwide. Local polls officials confirmed to Al Jazeera that they had received two complaints calling for Modi’s campaign suspension and arrest. As the world’s most populous nation, India is home to some 1.44 billion citizens. Modi’s BJP party has been criticized for viewing the Muslim community, which includes asylum seekers and refugees from Bangladesh and Myanmar, as outsiders. Critics say Modi’s comments build on a divisive campaign of Hindu nationalism has been associated with the ruling BJP, which is expected to claim a third consecutive term. Read More: The Hindu Leaders Fighting Hindu Nationalism “Modi today called Muslims infiltrators and people with many children. Since 2002 till this day, the only Modi guarantee has been to abuse Muslims and get votes,” Asaduddin Owaisi, a Muslim lawmaker and president of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen said in a post on social media platform X. Meanwhile, congress chief Mallikarjun Kharge said Modi’s comments constitute “hate speech” and form “a well thought-out ploy to divert attention.” In a post on X, he added that Modi has been influenced by “the values of the Sangh,” referencing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a right-wing Hindu paramilitary organization that Modi was affiliated with in his youth. “In the history of India, no prime minister has lowered the dignity of his post as much as Modi has,” Kharge said. The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)—the United States’ largest Muslim civil rights and advocacy organization—also condemned Modi’s speech in a statement shared with TIME on Monday. “It is unconscionable, but not surprising, that far-right Hindutva leader Narendra Modi would target Indian Muslims with a hateful and dangerous diatribe despite his role as the leader of a nation with such a diverse religious heritage,” said CAIR National Executive Director Nihad Awad. CAIR also called on U.S. President Joe Biden to declare India a “Country of Particular Concern\" over its systematic treatment of Indian Muslims and other minority groups. Modi was previously denied entry into the U.S. in 2005, due to his proximity to the 2002 Gujarat massacres during his term as chief minister of the state from 2001 to 2014. The religiously charged riots saw more than 1,000 people killed, with most of them Muslims. Modi claimed the nation’s top political role in 2014, with a focus on development and anti-corruption. He was re-elected with a landslide victory in 2019 with a more Hindu nationalist agenda. Anti-Muslim hate speech has been soaring in India, with a recent report by the Washington-based research group India Hate Lab recording 668 cases in 2023. While 255 events took place in the first half of 2023, the figure rose to 413 in the second half of the year, marking a 63% increase.. The report documented that 75% of the total instances that year took place in BJP-ruled states. In light of Sunday’s remarks, opposition leaders are calling for the Election Commission of India (ECI) to investigate whether Modi’s speech breaches its code of conduct. The code stipulates that politicians cannot appeal to voters on the basis of “caste” and “communal feelings,” nor can they run campaigns that “aggravate differences or create mutual hatred or cause tension” between communities. ## More Must-Reads from TIME * Introducing the 2024 TIME100 Next * The Reinvention of J.D. 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Asaduddin Owaisi has said that Narendra Modi will become the Prime Minister of the country for the third time | 3,317 | ![\\"Home\\"](\\"/themes/mee_subtheme/images/logo-en.svg\\") ### Top Menu - English Version * Live * News * Trending * Opinion * Video * Discover Search Search ![\\"Home\\"](\\"/themes/mee_subtheme/images/logo-mobile-en.svg\\") * Algeria * Bahrain * China * Egypt * France * India * Iran * Iraq * Israel * Jordan * Kuwait * Lebanon * Libya * Mauritania * Morocco * Oman * Pakistan * Palestine * Qatar * Russia * Saudi Arabia * Sudan * Syria * Tunisia * Turkey * UK * United Arab Emirates * US * Yemen * * * * ### Now Israel\'s war on Lebanon Israel\'s war on Gaza US Elections 2024 Toggle navigation Toggle navigation ![\\"Home\\"](\\"/themes/mee_subtheme/images/logo-mobile-en.svg\\") ### Sidebar Menu Mobile En * Home * News * Opinion * Video * The Big Story * Live * Contact * Discover ### Now Israel\'s war on Lebanon Israel\'s war on Gaza US Elections 2024 ### Follow us * * * * Opinion | Hindutva # India: Why Muslim lynchings continue unabated in Modi\'s third term ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/author_thumbnail/public/pictures/2023-07/haris.png?itok=k0Xwje3J\\") Haris Zargar Published date: 12 August 2024 13:46 BST | Last update: 1 month 3 weeks ago Supporters of the ruling party have escalated their attacks on Indian Muslims, in what critics say is punishment for voting against the BJP ![\\"A](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/max_2600x2600/public/images- story/BJP.jpg?itok=WJ9-e3qA\\") A supporter cheers during an address by Narendra Modi, India’s prime minister and leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), on the outskirts of Varanasi on 18 June 2024 (Niharika Kulkarni/AFP) Shares ![\\"facebook](\\" ![\\"twitter](\\" ![\\"whatsapp](\\" ![\\"messenger](\\" ![\\"email](\\" ![\\"sharethis](\\" The bubble of optimism that emerged after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi failed to secure an outright majority has swiftly evaporated. A palpable sense of fear and insecurity among Muslims over escalating violence, hostility and state persecution has instead prevailed. Indian Muslims had hoped for a reprieve after the results of parliamentary elections saw Modi\'s Hindu right- wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) returning to power in a coalition with smaller regional parties, which critics speculated would shackle his Hindu right-wing government from continuing with its communally polarising politics. There was a belief that the results would lead to a reduction in religiously motivated attacks in the country. ## New MEE newsletter: Jerusalem Dispatch #### Sign up to get the latest insights and analysis on Israel-Palestine, alongside Turkey Unpacked and other MEE newsletters Some observers had anticipated a shift in the functioning of Modi\'s coalition-dependent government. They hoped it would adopt a more inclusive strategy of engaging with minorities, reining in Hindutva forces and fostering a sense of belonging among Muslims. However, the \"silver lining\" turned out to be faux positivity as the Modi government now appears to be doubling down on its repressive tactics, with critics contending that the spike in violence against Muslims is vengeance for the recent election results. Communal violence has also continued unabated. Just days after the results, a series of deadly lynchings, physical assaults, rioting, and demolitions targeting Muslims ensued across different parts of the country, sending a clear signal that Hindutva nationalist groups remain emboldened under Modi\'s third term. ### Spate of lynchings At least half a dozen incidents of mob lynchings targeting Muslims have been reported in various parts of the country since polling results were announced on 4 June. On 7 June, two Muslim men were lynched by a Hindu right-wing mob in Chhattisgarh\'s Raipur in central India over suspected cattle smuggling. A third victim also succumbed to injuries days later. In India\'s largest state of Uttar Pradesh, a Muslim man was beaten to death by a mob in Aligarh on 18 June. A video emerged on social media showing individuals armed with lathis, or sticks, cornering and brutalising him. Following the incident, the local BJP officials openly expressed their support for the accused. > Several houses belonging to Muslim men were bulldozed arbitrarily after > authorities \'found\' beef in their refrigerators On 22 June, a 23-year-old Muslim man was reportedly beaten to death by a mob during a cricket match in Modi\'s home state of Gujarat. Two others suffered injuries during the same incident. Locals claimed tensions had begun even before the match, as a number of the players participating in the tournament were Muslims and had been \"playing well\", which disturbed a segment of pro- Hindutva sports fans. The organisers of the cricket tournament had warned of the potential for communal clashes, with Muslim players expressing their fears about taking part in the match. Two days later, on 24 June, a woman was murdered by Hindu nationalists in the Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh after she and some of her family members had converted to Christianity. On 30 June, in the eastern state of Jharkhand, a Muslim cleric was lynched by a mob that accused him of hitting a woman on the road. Manoj Kumar Jha, a senior legislator from the Rashtriya Janata Dal opposition party, expressed his dismay over the violence against Muslims, believing the attacks are punishment for their votes. Moreover, on 19 July, authorities in Uttar Pradesh directed eateries along the path of an annual Hindu pilgrimage to publish the names of their owners and operators to prevent \"confusion\" among Hindu devotees. Opposition leaders compared the move to apartheid in South Africa, claiming that the goal was to ensure that no Hindu would ever purchase anything from a Muslim-owned business. Further targeting Muslim religious intuitions, the Indian government last week tabled a bill proposing amendments to the Waqf Act of 1995, which gives waqf boards the authority to oversee waqfs (Islamic endowments of property for religious or charitable purposes). The bill would instead make local state officials the arbitrators. It also includes changes to ensure the representation of non-Muslim individuals in central and state waqf bodies. \"You are enemies of Muslims and this bill is evidence of that,\" All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen party chief Asaduddin Owaisi said in response to the proposed bill, while other opposition MPs called it \"a draconian attack\" on the Indian Constitution. ### Communal violence As tensions continued to boil over, in India\'s northernmost state of Himachal Pradesh last month, a Muslim businessman was harassed and his shop vandalised by a Hindutva mob that falsely accused him of slaughtering a cow. Hindutva groups claimed that the shop owner had allegedly shared a photo of animal sacrifice on his WhatsApp status. After looting and vandalising the shop, the mob then marched to the local authority\'s office, chanting: \"Shoot the traitors.\" At least 16 other Muslim shopkeepers were forced to flee the town of Nahan as communal violence erupted following the incident. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/read_more/public/images- story/India%E2%80%99s%20Prime%20Minister%20Narendra%20Modi%20flashes%20a%20victory%20sign%20as%20he%20arrives%20at%20the%20Bharatiya%20Janata%20Party%20%28BJP%29%20headquarters%20to%20celebrate%20the%20party%E2%80%99s%20win%20in%20the%20country%E2%80%99s%20general%20election%20in%20New%20Delhi%20on%204%20June%202024%20%28AFP%29.jpeg.webp?itok=MRFsEJxG\\") India elections: Modi returns to power with clipped wings Read More » In the central Madhya Pradesh state, several houses belonging to Muslim men were bulldozed arbitrarily after authorities \"found\" beef in their refrigerators. Around 50 people have been left homeless following the demolitions. In Delhi, at least two mosques were demolished arbitrarily after a Hindutva group ran a hate campaign, calling the facilities \"illegal\". And clashes erupted in Jammu and Kashmir\'s Kathua after a contentious demolition of a mosque. Amnesty International has previously condemned India\'s use of bulldozers as a form of collective punishment against minority communities and a violation of international human rights law. The targeted harassment of Muslims significantly escalated around the Eid al-Adha celebrations in mid- June. Mob violence led by Hindutva groups targeting Muslims erupted in various states, including Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Odisha and Telangana. On the eve of Eid on 15 June, a clash erupted over the transportation of cows in the South Indian Telangana state, with a number of people injured. An armed mob attacked Muslim residents over cattle brought for slaughtering for the occasion. There is a prohibition on the slaughter of cows and calves in Telangana. At the same time, oxen and bulls of a certain age or those used for farm activities are protected under the 1977 Prohibition of Cow Slaughter and Animal Preservation Act. Local Muslims asserted, however, that the \"animals were bulls and had valid documents that they were fit to be sacrificed\". The mob also attacked a school and targeted Muslim-owned shops and establishments, including a hospital. Local police later arrested several BJP leaders and affiliates in connection with the violence. > Hindu religious festivals have often been weaponised by the BJP government > to galvanise voter support, resulting in a rise in communal violence against > minorities On 17 June, a curfew was imposed for over a week after a communal scuffle broke out over allegations of cow slaughter in Balasore, Odisha. In West Bengal\'s Birbhum, a 19-year-old Muslim man was assaulted after a mob accused him of throwing a packet of meat in front of a Hindu temple. There has been a renewed spike in cases of cow vigilantism, with Gau Rakshaks, or cow vigilantes, harassing and assaulting Muslims over the possession, buying, or transportation of beef. Hindu religious festivals have often been weaponised by the ruling BJP government to galvanise voter support, resulting in a rise in communal violence against minorities. These Hindutva groups are emboldened by a perceived sense of political patronage, which grants them a degree of impunity and incentives, alongside material support, to organise violence. ### Retribution Amid the ongoing rise in violent attacks, some critics believe the goal is to punish Indian Muslims for voting against the ruling BJP. According to Apoorvanand Jha, a political commentator and professor, there are a number of political and economic incentives driving Hindutva groups to engage in communal violence, such as being granted positions and leadership roles within the party, receiving support to run on the party ticket during elections, or even erasing Muslim competition in local business dealings. He further contends that the violence is a reflection of Hindutva forces\' anger at not being given the kind of mandate they wanted. Modi\'s BJP failed to secure the more than 400 parliamentary seats needed to push through constitutional changes, such as implementing a presidential system that would grant him more expansive powers. \"This [frustration] is being taken out on Muslims,\" Apoorvanand told Indian media outlet The Quint. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/read_more/public/images- story/arundhati%20roy-afp.jpg.webp?itok=CLaERvRi\\") The \'terror\' case against Arundhati Roy and what it says about India Read More » The Communist Party of India (Marxist) similarly remarked upon the increase in communal assaults following the electoral setbacks suffered by the BJP, noting that \"the BJP and the Hindutva communal forces will intensify their attempts at polarisation with a renewed vengeance\". The targeting of minority communities is likely to continue as action against the mob mentality and communal violence remains elusive. This is especially the case among Hindutva groups emboldened by a decade of BJP rule and against whom political parties, law enforcement agencies and the judiciary remain reluctant to take action, for fear of majoritarian backlash. The opposition Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance coalition and the Congress party, in particular, have been criticised for their deafening silence, with rights activists accusing them of failing to make Muslim persecution a central part of their ideological battle against the BJP. Owaisi condemned the ruling BJP for winning elections by fomenting \"hate against Muslims\" and rebuked the opposition, principally the Congress party, for ignoring and silencing Muslims despite the party receiving \"over 90 percent of Muslim votes\". Muslims are often spoken about and discussed, he said - but they are never heard. The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Eye. Haris Zargar is a doctoral researcher at the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) of Erasmus University Rotterdam, specializing in agrarian change, social movements, and Muslim revivalist thought. He holds degrees in Journalism from the University of Kashmir and Development Studies from SOAS, University of London. > Middle East Eye delivers independent and unrivalled coverage and analysis of > the Middle East, North Africa and beyond. To learn more about republishing > this content and the associated fees, please fill out this form. More about > MEE can be found here. ### Recommended Hindutva Rights groups slam inclusion of Ayodhya temple float in New York India parade Hindutva US politicians face heat over Hindu nationalist links and support for Modi UK Politics Rishi Sunak, his family, and India\'s far right ### Read more ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/landing_tile/public/images- story/india-muslims-home%20demolition-2022-afp.jpg.webp?itok=fesyy6lM\\") Hindutva India\'s bulldozer war on Muslim neighbourhoods Sara Ather ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/landing_tile/public/images- story/india-muslims-prayers-2021-afp.jpg.webp?itok=wkm-hqa6\\") Hindutva For Indian Muslims the end times have arrived Azad Essa ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/landing_tile/public/images- story/Narendra%20Modi%2C%20India%27s%20Prime%20Minister%20and%20leader%20of%20the%20ruling%20Bharatiya%20Janata%20Party%20%28BJP%29%20addresses%20his%20supporters%20during%20an%20election%20campaign%20rally%20in%20Gurdaspur%20on%20May%2024%2C%202024-afp.jpg.webp?itok=SI633xzE\\") Hindutva How Modi\'s gruesome politics have always been hiding in plain sight Peter Oborne ![\\"Home\\"](\\"/themes/mee_subtheme/images/logo-en.svg\\") ### Top Menu En * Live * News * Trending * Opinion * Video * Discover * * * * Top ### Countries * Algeria * Bahrain * China * Egypt * France * India * Iran * Iraq * Israel * Jordan * Kuwait * Lebanon * Libya * Mauritania * Morocco * Oman * Pakistan * Palestine * Qatar * Russia * Saudi Arabia * Sudan * Syria * Tunisia * Turkey * UK * United Arab Emirates * US * Yemen ### About * About us * Privacy * Terms and conditions * Careers * Contact us Copyright © 2014 - 2023. 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The clip shows the passenger plane that crashed in Sao Paulo Brazil on Aug 9 2024 | 3,318 | ###1\. How relevant is this ad to you? 2\. Did you encounter any technical issues? No Video player was slow to load content Video content never loaded Ad froze or did not finish loading Video content did not start after ad Audio on ad was too loud Other issues Ad never loaded Ad prevented/slowed the page from loading Content moved around while ad loaded Ad was repetitive to ads I\'ve seen previously Other issues Cancel Submit Thank You! Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much appreciated. Close Ad Feedback Close icon World Africa Americas Asia Australia China Europe India Middle East United Kingdom More Africa Americas Asia Australia China Europe India Middle East United Kingdom Watch Listen Live TV Subscribe Sign in My Account * Settings * Topics You Follow * Sign Out Your CNN account Sign in to your CNN account Sign in My Account * Settings * Topics You Follow * Sign Out Your CNN account Sign in to your CNN account Live TV Listen Watch Edition US International Arabic Español Edition * US * International * Arabic * Español Africa Americas Asia Australia China Europe India Middle East United Kingdom Follow CNN * * * * * * 2024 Elections * US * Crime + Justice * World * Africa * Americas * Asia * Australia * China * Europe * India * Middle East * United Kingdom * Politics * SCOTUS * Congress * Facts First * 2024 Elections * Business * Tech * Media * Calculators * Videos * Markets * Pre-markets * After-Hours * Fear & Greed * Investing * Markets Now * Nightcap * Health * Life, But Better * Fitness * Food * Sleep * Mindfulness * Relationships * Entertainment * Movies * Television * Celebrity * Tech * Innovate * Foreseeable Future * Mission: Ahead * Work Transformed * Innovative Cities * Style * Arts * Design * Fashion * Architecture * Luxury * Beauty * Video * Travel * Destinations * Food & Drink * Stay * Videos * Sports * Pro Football * College Football * Basketball * Baseball * Soccer * Olympics * Hockey * Watch * Live TV * CNN Headlines * CNN Shorts * Shows A-Z * CNN10 * CNN Max * CNN TV Schedules * FlashDocs * Listen * CNN 5 Things * Chasing Life with Dr. Sanjay Gupta * The Assignment with Audie Cornish * One Thing * Tug of War * CNN Political Briefing * The Axe Files * All There Is with Anderson Cooper * All CNN Audio podcasts * CNN Underscored * Electronics * Fashion * Beauty * Health & Fitness * Home * Reviews * Deals * Money * Gifts * Travel * Outdoors * Pets * CNN Store * Science * Space * Life * Unearthed * Climate * Solutions * Weather * Weather * Video * Climate * Ukraine-Russia War * Israel-Hamas War * About CNN * Subscribe * Photos * Investigations * CNN Profiles * CNN Leadership * CNN Newsletters * Work for CNN # At least 61 dead after passenger plane crashes in Brazil ![\\"Elise](\\" hammond.jpg?c=16x9&q=h_270,w_480,c_fill/c_thumb,g_face,w_100,h_100\\") By Elise Hammond and Lex Harvey, CNN Updated 11:19 PM EDT, Fri August 9, 2024 Video Ad Feedback What video of Brazil plane falling from sky tells expert about what happened 02:15 \- Source: CNN ## What we covered here * At least 61 people were killed after a passenger plane crashed outside São Paulo on Friday afternoon, according to Brazilian officials. Authorities have located the black box flight recorder at the crash site, an official said. * The cause of the crash is still unclear, airline Voepass said in a statement Friday. The plane was traveling from Cascavel, in the Brazilian state of Parana, to São Paulo. * CNN has confirmed through geolocation that the plane crashed in a residential area in Vinhedo, Brazil. Brazil’s Civil Defense said the aircraft crashed into multiple houses. * Dramatic social media videos showed the plane crashing in the residential area and then a plume of gray smoke going up in the sky. 26 Posts Sort By Latest Oldest 8:39 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 Our live coverage of the plane crash in Brazil has ended for the day. Follow the latest updates or scroll through the posts below. Link Copied! 8:42 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## No information yet on cause of crash, airline officials say From CNN\'s Mohammed Tawfeeq Voepass airline officials said there is no information as of yet on what caused the plane crash that killed at least 61 people outside São Paulo Friday. The airline will work closely with the Center for Investigation and Prevention of Aeronautical Accidents (CENIPA) to look into the case, Voepass CEO Eduardo Busch told a press conference. “The entire crew was competent,” Busch said. “We are waiting for access to all communications between the pilot and the control tower to have a broader understanding of what happened.” Busch said the plane had two black boxes – devices that store flight data built to withstand crashes – and that there are two highly qualified laboratories available to analyze them. “On one hand, it is possible to retrieve data from the recorder, but on the other hand, there is a chance that, due to the severity of the accident, the recorders were damaged, making it impossible to access the recorded data,” Busch said. “In any case, the agency has international partnerships that can help them understand what happened with the accident,” he added. Link Copied! 7:24 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Plane crash victims all had Brazilian documents, airline officials say From CNN\'s Mohammed Tawfeeq All 57 passengers who were on board the plane that crashed in the city of Vinhedo on Friday had Brazilian documents, Voepass airline officials said in a news conference. It was not yet clear if any passengers had dual citizenship, according to Voepass CEO Eduardo Busch and Director of Operations Marcel Moura. The officials said that the company spent the afternoon securing hotels and psychologists for the victims’ families and providing them with support. Link Copied! 5:48 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## What we know, so far, about the plane crash that killed 61 people in Brazil From CNN staff ![\\"Emergency](\\" Emergency personnel work close to the wreckage of the crashed plane in Vinhedo, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, on Friday, August 9. Miguel Schincariol/AFP/Getty Images At least 61 people are dead after a passenger plane crashed outside São Paulo Friday afternoon, according to a statement issued by air company Voepass. Dramatic footage circulating on social media showed the plane’s fall and its destroyed fuselage in flames on the ground. Here’s what we know: * The plane’s destination: Flight 2283 left Cascavel, in the Brazilian state of Paraná, and was headed to Guarulhos, in São Paulo state, according to Flightradar24 data. The plane crashed in a residential area of Vinhedo. * The timeline: The aircraft took off shortly before noon local time, flight tracking data shows. The plane had been cruising at 17,000 feet until 1:21 p.m. local time when it dropped approximately 250 feet in 10 seconds. It then climbed approximately 400 feet in about eight seconds. Eight seconds later, it lost just under 2,000 feet. Then, in approximately one minute, it began rapidly descending — roughly 17,000 feet in just one minute. * The victims: A medical team is onsite and working to identify the victims, the Security Secretary from São Paulo Guilherme Derrite said. Officials are contacting the family members of the passengers and will release the names of those on the plane soon, he said. * The crash scene: Brazil’s Civil Defense said the aircraft crashed into multiple houses. No one was killed in the surrounding residential area, Valinhos City Communications Director Ana Cândida Briski said. Aerial images show the nose of the plane and burnt scraps of the plane littering the ground. Witnesses described hearing the plane before it crashed, with one person saying it fell on the roof of an elderly couple’s house. * The investigation: Multiple agencies are at the scene of the crash and the Brazilian Air Force team will be in charge of the investigation, according to Vinhedo City Hall. Authorities have found the black box at the crash site, according to Derrite, which will help investigators determine what happened. Voepass said in a statement on its website that it had no information on what caused the crash. Link Copied! 4:53 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Brazil\'s security forces begin to remove bodies from crashed plane, government says From CNN\'s Tatiana Arias and Mohammed Tawfeeq ![\\"A](\\" cb65-497c-966a-290886263101.jpg?c=original&q=w_1280,c_fill\\") A police member stands guard near the scene of the plane crash on Friday, August 9, in Vinhedo, Brazil. Eduardo Carmim/Getty Images Teams with the security forces of São Paulo have removed the first three bodies from the site of the Brazil plane crash, according to a statement released by the government of the state of São Paulo. The bodies will be sent to the Central Forensic Medical Institute which “will be closed to work exclusively on the victims of the Vinhedo accident,” the statement read. “To help identify the bodies, families must present any medical exams or documentation they have on the victims, such as radiological, medical and/or dental exams, to the Central Forensic Medical Institute,” the statement read. The Civil Defense of the State of São Paulo will also have a team available to provide support to the families of those killed in the crash, according to the statement. Link Copied! 4:56 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Brazil\'s president declares 3 days of mourning for victims of plane crash From CNN\'s Isa Soares Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva declared three days of mourning in response to the plane crash that killed 61 people on Friday. Lula made the announcement on his X account. The governor of the state of São Paulo, Tarcísio de Freitas, and Vinhedo City Hall also declared three-day mourning periods to honor the victims of the crash earlier Friday. Link Copied! 4:27 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## US Embassy in Brazil expresses solidarity with families of plane crash victims From CNN\'s Mohammed Tawfeeq The United States Embassy in Brazil has expressed solidarity with the families of the 61 victims killed on the plane that crashed in the city of Vinhedo on Friday. “We express our solidarity with the families of the victims of the Voepass flight that crashed in Vinhedo, in the state of São Paulo. We regret this tragic accident!” the US embassy said in an X post Friday. Link Copied! 3:29 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Brazil\'s Civil Aviation Agency says the plane that crashed and its crew were fit to fly From CNN\'s Tatiana Arias and Mohammed Tawfeeq ![\\"\\Aerial](\\" \Aerial view of the wreckage of an airplane that crashed with 61 people on board in Vinhedo, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, on Friday, August 9. Miguel Schincariol/AFP/Getty Images Brazil’s Civil Aviation Agency said in a statement Friday that the plane that crashed and its crew were fit to fly. The aircraft operated by Voepass that crashed near the city of Vinhedo was “an ATR-72, manufactured in 2010 and in good operating condition, with valid registration and airworthiness certificates,” the statement read. “The flight had four crew members on board at the time of the accident and all were duly licensed and had valid qualifications,” it read. The Civil Aviation Agency will continue “to monitor the provision of assistance to victims and their families by the company. In addition, the Agency continues to monitor the developments of the investigations,” the statement read. Link Copied! 3:21 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Aerial images capture destruction from plane crash in a Brazilian neighborhood From CNN\'s Elise Hammond ![\\"Aerial](\\" Aerial images show the level of destruction. CNN Brasil Aerial images of a plane crash in a Brazilian neighborhood show the level of destruction as officials work to identify victims. Video shows the wreckage very close to a house in Vinhedo — a residential area in the western part of São Paulo. Flight tracking data from Flightradar24 shows the plane dropped roughly 17,000 feet in just one minute. One eyewitness told Reuters the plane fell on the roof of a home of an elderly couple. In the aerial images, you can see the nose of the plane and the windows of the cockpit. Behind that, burnt scraps of the plane litter the ground, and the tail can be seen in a few trees. Other images show first responders lined down the street leading up to the crash site. Link Copied! 7:52 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Death toll in Brazil plane crash is now at least 61, airline says From CNN\'s Marcelo Maderios ![\\"Debris](\\" Debris is pictured as emergency personnel work at the site of the crash. Juninho Giugni via Instagram/Reuters Voepass Linhas Aéreas has revised the death toll to 61 people in Friday’s plane crash in Brazil, according to a new statement from the airline. The death toll was amended to 57 passengers and four crew members. Voepass initially said the flight was carrying 58 passengers and four crew members at the time of the crash, according to a previous statement from the airline. Link Copied! 2:44 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Brazil\'s Air Force will investigate the cause behind the crash near Vinhedo, City Hall says From CNN\'s Durate Mendonca and Mohammed Tawfeeq ![\\"Police](\\" Police vehicles arrive near the scene where a plane crashed in Vinhedo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, Friday, August 9,. Andre Penner/AP The Brazilian Air Force team will investigate the cause of Friday’s deadly plane crash, the Vinhedo City Hall said in a statement. Vinhedo City Hall said it has been on the site of the crash offering support to other emergency responders. It said in the statement that it is waiting for the Air Force team to arrive, which will be “responsible for the investigation.” “The fire outbreaks and major risks have already been controlled; the main objective, from the beginning, was to guarantee the safety of everyone on site and care for possible victims, with Santa Casa de Vinhedo, Santa Casa de Valinhos and Hospital Galileo prepared to offer full support,” the statement added. It said the bodies of the victims will be taken to the Legal Medical Institute in Campinas. Vinhedo City Hall also declared a three-day mourning period in memory of the victims of the crash. Link Copied! 2:24 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Authorities recover black box from fatal Brazil plane crash From CNN\'s Marcelo Medeiros and AnneClaire Stapleton Authorities have found the black box at the crash site in Brazil, according to the Security Secretary from São Paulo Guilherme Derrite. The black box holds crucial data that will help investigators understand what caused the plane to crash. A medical team is onsite and working to identify the victims, he said at a news conference, but many of the victims’ remains are too badly burned for visual identification. Officials are in the process of contacting family members of the passengers, according to Derrite. Authorities will release the names of the passengers soon, he said. Valinhos City Communications Director Ana Cândida Briski told CNN earlier that the 62 people who were on board the plane are dead. Link Copied! 1:55 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Multiple passengers did not make the Brazil flight after going to the wrong gate From CNN\'s Marcelo Medeiros A man who missed the flight told Brazilian news outlet Globo that at least 10 people were waiting at the wrong gate and missed the flight before it took off. “They said to me, ‘Mister, you’re not getting on this plane because we’re already past the boarding limit.’ I even pressured them a little. ‘Mister, put me on this plane, I have to go,’ then he said, ‘There’s no way, what I can do is rebook your ticket,’” the man told Globo. When they realized they were at the wrong gate, the passengers begged the airport employees to board the plane but were told they could not. “My legs are shaking; only God knows how I’m feeling,” the man said after finding out the plane had crashed. “Thank God, we didn’t get on that plane.” Link Copied! 1:55 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Witnesses describe hearing the plane just before it crashed into Brazilian neighborhood From CNN\'s Elise Hammond ![\\"An](\\" An image taken from video shows the aftermath of the crash in Vinhedo, Brazil, on Friday, August 9. CNN Brasil One woman in Vinhedo, Brazil, said she heard the plane before she saw it. “I heard a very loud noise, very close to me. I thought it was a drone. I looked up to the sky and saw the plane spinning,” Nathalie Cicari told CNN Brasil. In those next few seconds, Cicari said she realized she had no time to run — the plane was too close to where she was standing. She said she ducked just before she heard a loud crashing sound. Flight tracking data from Flightradar24 shows the plane dropped roughly 17,000 feet in just one minute. “When I realized it had passed, I went to the balcony and I saw a gigantic black smoke rising,” Cicari said. Another eyewitness, Felipe Magalhaes, told Reuters he also heard the plane as it was falling. Speaking in Portuguese, he told the news outlet he looked out of his window the moment it crashed. “The way it fell — I ran out of the house and went to see where it had fallen and saw it had fallen into the house of a couple of elderly people. We also knew them from church. And so, terrified and not knowing what to do, I jumped over the wall,” Magalhaes said. He said his intention was not to see the wreckage but to try to help people in the neighborhood, according to Reuters. “My intention was not to see the plane, it was nothing — it was to get the elderly people out of the house. But they didn’t want to leave because of their animals,” Magalhaes said, adding that the plane fell on the roof. Link Copied! 1:51 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Here\'s where the crash happened From CNN staff A passenger plane carrying 62 people crashed on the outskirts of São Paulo on Friday afternoon, killing everyone on board, according to Brazilian officials. The flight left Cascavel, in the Brazilian state of Paraná, and was en route to Guarulhos, in São Paulo state, according to Flightradar24 data. The plane crashed in Vinhedo — a residential area in the western part of the city. Here’s a map of the crash location: ![\\"\\"](\\" Link Copied! 1:32 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Crashed plane was manufactured in 2010 and purchased by airline in 2022, records show From CNN\'s Paul P. Murphy, Pamela Boykoff and AnneClaire Stapleton The Voepass Linhas Aéreas flight that crashed near Vinhedo, Brazil, was manufactured in 2010 and purchased by the airline in September 2022, according to registration data from the Brazilian Aeronautical Registry. The plane can carry 68 passengers, has 73 seats and requires a minimum of two crew members to operate, the registration shows. The registration also indicates that the aircraft was “denied operation for air taxi.” But it’s unclear why or when that determination was made at this time. ATR, the plane’s manufacturer, says it was aware of an accident and is working to support investigators. “What we can say at this point in time is that ATR has been informed that an accident occurred in Vinhedo, Brazil involving an ATR 72-500. Our first thoughts are with all the individuals affected by this event. The ATR specialists are fully engaged to support both the investigation and the customer,” according to the statement. CNN has reached out to Brazil’s aviation authority for more details. Link Copied! 1:29 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Black box flight recorder will be critical in determining why the plane crashed, former investigator says From CNN\'s Elise Hammond The black box flight recorder onboard the plane that crashed in Brazil will be an important part of the investigation into what happened, a former investigator told CNN. Alan Diehl, who worked for the US National Transportation Air Safety Board, said these devices will “tell the story once they recover them.” Speaking to CNN’s Isa Soares, Diehl said black boxes are “highly survivable,” even in a crash like this where there is a lot of fire. The plane went down in a residential area in Vinhedo, Brazil. Video and photos of the crash site show emergency responders putting out fire at the wreckage. Link Copied! 1:16 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## São Paulo governor establishes crisis cabinet to respond to Brazil plane crash From CNN\'s Duarte Mendonca and AnneClaire Stapleton ![\\"Emergency](\\" Emergency responders work the scene of a plane crash in Vinhedo, Brazil, on Friday. Reuters The governor of São Paulo, Brazil, has created a crisis cabinet to respond to the deadly plane crash in Vinhedo, which is located in the interior of the state. “This crisis cabinet will be made up of the federal government, the state government and the Brazilian Air Force,” Gov. Tarcísio de Freitas said, CNN Brasil reports. Multiple agencies are at the scene of the crash helping with rescue efforts, the São Paulo Government said earlier in a statement. Link Copied! 1:02 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## No one in the residential area where plane crashed was killed, city spokesperson says From CNN\'s Julia Vargas Jones No one was killed in the residential area where the plane crashed, Valinhos City Communications Director Ana Cândida Briski told CNN. The death toll remains at 62, which were the people who were on board the plane, she said. Link Copied! 2:42 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Plane began losing altitude a minute and a half before crashing, flight tracking data shows From CNN\'s Paul P. Murphy The flight that crashed near Vinhedo, Brazil, began losing altitude a minute and a half before crashing, flight tracking data from Flightradar24 shows. The plane, which belonged to Voepass Linhas Aéreas, had been cruising at 17,000 feet until 1:21 p.m. local time (12:21 p.m. ET), when it dropped approximately 250 feet in 10 seconds. It then climbed approximately 400 feet in about eight seconds. Eight seconds later, it lost just under 2,000 feet. Then, in approximately one minute, it began rapidly descending — roughly 17,000 feet in just one minute. The last data transmission from the plane was at 1:22 p.m. local time (12:22 p.m. ET). Watch here: Video Ad Feedback 5fc4cb3a-8fe4-49ea-93e2-9950117ff920.mp4 01:21 \- Source: cnn Link Copied! 12:59 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Emergency responders on scene of Brazil plane crash From CNN\'s Duarte Mendonca and AnneClaire Stapleton ![\\"Police](\\" Police stand along the street leading to the gated community where a plane crashed in Vinhedo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, on Friday. Andre Penner/AP Multiple agencies are at the scene of a fatal plane crash in Brazil helping with rescue efforts, the São Paulo Government said in a statement. Civil Defense and the Public Security Secretariat are mobilized in the Capela neighborhood in Vinhedo, Brazil, the statement said. The fire department sent seven teams to the scene of the crash. The Technical-Scientific Police Superintendency (SPTC) and the Civil and Military Police were also mobilized to rescue the victims. Teams from the Legal Medical Institute (IML) and those responsible for collecting bodies were additionally sent to the scene, according to the government statement. Local hospitals are on alert to receive any patients, the statement said. São Paulo Gov. Tarcísio de Freitas is returning to the state of São Paulo and is going to the municipality of Vinhedo to monitor the rescue operation, the statement continued. Link Copied! 12:55 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Airline company says it has not confirmed cause of crash or condition of people on board From CNN\'s AnneClaire Stapleton, Paul Murphy and Duarte Mendonca ![\\"Fire](\\" Fire is seen coming from a plane that crashed by a home in Vinhedo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, on Friday. Felipe Magalhaes Filho/AP The airline company, Voepass, said it has not yet confirmed what caused one of its planes to crash in Brazil on Friday. “VOEPASS used all means to support those involved. There is still no confirmation of how the accident occurred or the current situation of the people on board,” airline Voepass said in a statement Friday. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said it “appears” that all 62 people on board the flight may have died. Link Copied! 12:40 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Plane crashed in residential area of Vinhedo, Brazil From CNN\'s AnneClaire Stapleton, Paul Murphy and Duarte Mendonca The plane that was headed to Guarulhos, Brazil, crashed in Vinhedo — a residential area in the western part of the city. CNN has confirmed through geolocation that the passenger plane crashed next to a home in Vinhedo. Flight 2283 departed from Cascavel. The aircraft, registration PS-VPB, is an ATR 72-500 and has a total capacity of 74 people, according to Flightradar24. Link Copied! 12:41 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Investigators will have to determine how the plane got to \"out of control\" state before crash, analyst says From CNN\'s Elise Hammond ![\\"Social](\\" Social media videos of the crash showed the plane spiraling out of the sky before hitting the ground. Obtained by CNN The official investigation into a fatal plane crash in Brazil will be the key to figuring out what caused the aircraft to drop out of the sky and into a residential area on Friday. Video posted on social media shows the plane falling nearly straight down. Brazil’s Civil Defense said it crashed into multiple houses, as reported by CNN Brasil. “We don’t know if there was any kind of mid-air collision, whether there was an engine failure. We just don’t have enough facts,” CNN aviation analyst Peter Goetz told CNN’s Isa Soares. But what the clip does show is that the plane was “out of control” and the pilots did not have enough altitude to recover, he said. “It was in a very perilous state, but how it got there will be the job of the investigators to figure out,” Goetz said. Link Copied! 12:02 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## Woman in São Paulo describes moment plane crashes into her neighbor\'s house From CNN\'s Elise Hammond One woman captured video of the aftermath of a plane crashing into her neighbor’s house outside of São Paulo. The aircraft crashed into multiple houses, according to Brazil’s Civil Defense, reported by CNN Brasil. At least 62 people on the plane were killed, according to Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. CNN correspondent Julia Vargas Jones said she spoke to that woman on the phone. The video shows smoke and fire coming up from below her building. She told CNN she was eating lunch in her kitchen when she saw the plane going down. She said she was terrified and ducked down and started praying. That woman told Jones it was a “moment of panic in the city.” Jones reported that the woman is safe now, but she is not able to get back to her apartment. The private roads that lead up to the properties are closed off to everyone, including residents. She said the woman told her first responders are in the area. Link Copied! 12:08 a.m. GMT+5:30, August 10, 2024 ## 62 people dead after plane crash in Brazil, president says From CNN\'s Duarte Mendonca and AnneClaire Stapleton ![\\"Dramatic](\\" Dramatic social media videos on Friday afternoon show a small plane crashing in a residential area outside of São Paulo. Obtained by CNN Sixty-two people are dead after a plane crash in Brazil, the country’s president said. “First I have to be the bearer of very bad news and I would like everyone to stand up so that we can observe a minute of silence because a plane has just crashed in the city of Vinhedo, in São Paulo, with 58 passengers and 4 crew members and it appears they all died. I want to ask for a minute of silence for the victims,” President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said on X. Dramatic social media videos on Friday afternoon show a small plane crashing in a residential area outside of São Paulo. The aircraft crashed into multiple houses, according to Brazil’s Civil Defense, reported by CNN Brasil. The flight was carrying 58 passengers and four crew members at the time of the crash, according to a statement by airline Voepass. According to data on Flightradar24, the Voepass plane left Cascavel and was en route to São Paulo when it lost signal shortly before 1:30 p.m. local time. Link Copied! 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The clip shows the passenger plane that crashed in Sao Paulo Brazil on Aug 9 2024 | 3,318 | ![\\"Newsweek](\\" tablet.svg\\") * U.S. * World * Science * Health * Life * Rankings * Opinion * Entertainment * Fact Check * My Turn * Education * EventsSportsPodcastsBetter PlanetVaultMightierAutosNewslettersUnconventionalVantageExpertsVoices * Subscribe for $1 * Login × Subscribe for $1 Login * U.S. * World * Science * Health * Life * Rankings * Opinion * Entertainment * Fact Check * My Turn * Education * Events * Sports * Podcasts * Better Planet * Vault * Mightier * Autos * Newsletters * Unconventional * Vantage * Experts * Voices Share Copy Link ✓ Link copied to clipboard! World * Airplane * Video * Brazil * São Paulo # Video Shows Shocking Moment Passenger Plane Crashes **Published** Aug 09, 2024 at 2:05 PM EDT **Updated** Aug 09, 2024 at 4:00 PM EDT CLOSE X 00:30 Video Shows Aftermath Of Passenger Plane Crash In Brazil By Andrew Stanton Weekend Staff Writer FOLLOW 116 __ Share ______________ Copy Link ✓ Link copied to clipboard! Video footage shows a passenger plane crashing in Brazil on Friday. The Associated Press reported that a plane carrying 62 people crashed in a residential area of the Sao Paulo state on Friday. Footage of the crash circulated across social media on Friday. The video shows the plane falling from the sky as a cloud of smoke rose from the site of the crash. \"Footage of the crash is circulating widely,\" journalist Yashar Ali posted on X, formerly Twitter. > NEWS The Associated Press has confirmed that a passenger plane has crashed > in Sao Paolo, Brazil. Footage of the crash is circulating widely. > pic.twitter.com/0aVHaOx8XD > > — Yashar Ali 🐘 (@yashar) August 9, 2024 ## The Context Tens of millions of commercial flights across the globe occur each year, with crashes occurring from time to time. The International Air Transport Association reported in February that, 2023 was the safest year for air travel by many metrics, with one accident for every 1.26 million flights. ## What We Know Many details about the crash including its cause remained immediately unclear Friday afternoon. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva asked a crowd to observe a moment of silence for those aboard while speaking at an event in southern Brazil. Read more Airplane * ![\\"\\"](\\" ### Russia Shoots Down Own Military Jet on Bombing Mission: Reports * ### U.S. Rescues 250 Americans From Lebanon Amid Fighting * ### Map Shows US and China\'s Aircraft Carriers in Pacific This Week * ### At Least 78 Dead After Boat Capsizes on a Lake in Eastern Congo He said that \"it seems all have died,\" reported The New York Times. However, he did not say how he received that information. Neither the airline nor officials at the scene of the crash have confirmed a death toll. The AP reported that the airline VoePass said the plane was headed toward Sao Paulo\'s international airport when it crashed in the city of Vinhedo, about 40 miles northwest of Sao Paulo. At the time of the accident, 58 passengers and four crew members were aboard the plane. Firefighters, military police and the civil defense authority responded to the crash, the AP reported. The plane was flying from Cascavel, Brazil, reported the Times. FlightRadar24 reported that the plane involved in the crash was an ATR72-500 that was built in 2010. They last received a signal for the flight at 12:22 p.m. ET. \"The last 60 seconds of the flight, the transponder of flight #2Z2283 was transmitting a vertical speed between -8.000 and -24.000 feet per minute,\" FlightRadar24 wrote in a post on X. ![\\"Plane](\\" brazil.jpg?w=1200&f=28483b036bf645fbe664ada9db614fbf\\") An airplane flies overhead Raleigh, North Carolina, on November 29, 2010. A passenger plane crashed in Brazil on Friday, the Associated Press reported. An airplane flies overhead Raleigh, North Carolina, on November 29, 2010. A passenger plane crashed in Brazil on Friday, the Associated Press reported. Bruce Bennett/Getty Images ## Views Many users on X responded to the crash, expressing both fear and concern for the crash victims. \"Holy smokes,\" wrote @WuTangKids. \"Horrifying,\" posted Lisa Borden, senior policy counsel for international advocacy at the Southern Poverty Law Center. \"I\'ve never seen a plane do this. I didn\'t even know it was possible. My literal nightmare\" wrote writer Travon Free. \"A tragic day for Brazil. I can\'t imagine the pain and chaos these passengers and crew felt during their last moments. My heart goes out to the family of those killed in this heartbreaking crash. May God bring peace to their hearts,\" wrote journalist Sabrina Silva. ## What\'s Next Details about the investigation into the crash remained unknown to the public Friday afternoon. Update 8/9/24, 2:23 p.m. ET: This article was updated with additional information. Update 8/9/24, 3:01 p.m. ET: This article was updated with additional information. Request Reprint & Licensing Submit Correction View Editorial Guidelines ### About the writer Andrew Stanton FOLLOW Andrew Stanton is a Newsweek weekend reporter based in Maine. His role is reporting on U.S. politics and social issues. Andrew joined Newsweek in 2021 from The Boston Globe. He is a graduate of Emerson College. You can get in touch with Andrew by emailing [email protected]. Languages: English. Andrew Stanton is a Newsweek weekend reporter based in Maine. His role is reporting on U.S. politics and social issues. ... Read more To read how Newsweek uses AI as a newsroom tool, Click here. 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The clip shows the passenger plane that crashed in Sao Paulo Brazil on Aug 9 2024 | 3,318 | Skip to navigation Close dialogue1/2Next imagePrevious imageToggle caption Skip to navigation Print subscriptions Search jobs Sign in Int * International edition * UK edition * US edition * Australia edition * Europe edition The Guardian - Back to homeThe Guardian * News * Opinion * Sport * Culture * Lifestyle Show moreHide expanded menu * News * View all News * World news * UK news * Climate crisis * Ukraine * Environment * Science * Global development * Football * Tech * Business * Obituaries * Opinion * View all Opinion * The Guardian view * Columnists * Cartoons * Opinion videos * Letters * Sport * View all Sport * Football * Cricket * Rugby union * Tennis * Cycling * F1 * Golf * US sports * Culture * View all Culture * Books * Music * TV & radio * Art & design * Film * Games * Classical * Stage * Lifestyle * View all Lifestyle * Fashion * Food * Recipes * Love & sex * Health & fitness * Home & garden * Women * Men * Family * Travel * Money * Search input google-search Search * Support us * Print subscriptions * * Search jobs * Holidays * Digital Archive * Guardian Licensing * About Us * The Guardian app * Video * Podcasts * Pictures * Newsletters * Today\'s paper * Inside the Guardian * The Observer * Guardian Weekly * Crosswords * Wordiply * Corrections * Search input google-search Search * Search jobs * Holidays * Digital Archive * Guardian Licensing * About Us * World * Europe * US * Americas * Asia * Australia * Middle East * Africa * Inequality * Global development ![\\"lots](\\" 1:18 Plane goes into a spiral descent before crashing in Brazil – video Brazil This article is more than 1 month old # Brazilian emergency crews recover remains of at least 50 plane crash victims This article is more than 1 month old Bodies of pilot and co-pilot of Voepass aircraft that plunged to the ground, killing all 62 onboard, identified Tiago Rogero in Rio de Janeiro and agency Sat 10 Aug 2024 23.11 BSTFirst published on Fri 9 Aug 2024 18.57 BST Share Brazilian emergency crews on Saturday recovered the remains of at least 50 victims aboard an airliner that plunged to the ground in the town of Vinhedo, near São Paulo, the day before, killing all 62 onboard. The bodies of the pilot and co-pilot were identified, said Dario Pacheco, mayor of Vinhedo, who added that he expected all of the remains to have been recovered by the end of the day. Four people with dual citizenship were among the victims – three Venezuelans and one Portuguese woman – said regional carrier Voepass, which operated the aircraft. The Venezuelans were a four-year-old boy, his mother and grandmother, local outlet Globo News reported. ![\\"A](\\" image in fullscreen Fire from the plane that crashed in Vinhedo, São Paulo state. Photograph: Felipe Magalhaes Filho/AP On Friday Voepass said the plane was carrying 57 passengers and four crew, but on Saturday the airline confirmed another unaccounted-for passenger had been on the flight, putting the number of deaths at 62. Authorities are using seat assignments, physical characteristics, documents and belongings such as mobile phones to identify the victims, firefighter Maycon Cristo said at the crash site. The plane’s black box was undergoing analysis, said Marcelo Moreno, the head of Brazilian aviation accident investigation centre Cenipa, at a press conference in Vinhedo. ![\\"A](\\" image in fullscreen Wreckage from the plane crash in Vinhedo. Photograph: Felipe Magalhaes Filho/AP The plane, an ATR 72 turboprop, was bound for the city of São Paulo from Cascavel, in the state of Paraná, and crashed at around 1:30pm in Vinhedo, 50 miles northwest of São Paulo. Despite coming down in a residential area, no one on the ground was hurt. The aircraft was flying normally until 1:21pm, when it stopped responding to calls, and radar contact was lost at 1:22pm, Brazil’s air force said. Pilots did not report an emergency or adverse weather conditions, the air force added. According to the Flight Radar website, the plane was traveling at 17,000ft before plunging 4,000ft in two minutes, and then its signal was lost. Video shared on social media showed the plane spiralling out of control as it plunged down into a cluster of trees, followed by a large plume of black smoke. Another clip showed flames and smoke coming from the plane fuselage where it had apparently ploughed into the side of a house. Burning debris and at least one body could be seen strewn across the gardens of a residential area, while emergency vehicles arrived. Reuters contributed to this report Explore more on these topics * Brazil * Plane crashes * Americas * news Share Reuse this content ### Most viewed * ![\\"\\"](\\" #### Live Pakistan v England: first men’s cricket Test, day one – live * ![\\"\\"](\\" #### Escalation with Iran could be risky: Israel is more vulnerable than it seems * ![\\"\\"](\\" #### Live Middle East crisis live: Israel continues strikes in Lebanon and Gaza as vigils and ceremonies mark 7 October anniversary * ![\\"\\"](\\" #### Israel’s lack of vision in multi-fronted war may be fatally exposed * ![\\"\\"](\\" #### Pakistan captain says England changed world cricket with way they won in 2022 ## Most viewed ## Most viewed * World * Europe * US * Americas * Asia * Australia * Middle East * Africa * Inequality * Global development * News * Opinion * Sport * Culture * Lifestyle Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning Sign up for our email * Help * Complaints & corrections * SecureDrop * Work for us * Privacy policy * Cookie policy * Terms & conditions * Contact us * All topics * All writers * Digital newspaper archive * Tax strategy * Facebook * YouTube * Instagram * LinkedIn * X * Newsletters * Advertise with us * Search UK jobs Back to top __ © 2024 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. 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The clip shows the passenger plane that crashed in Sao Paulo Brazil on Aug 9 2024 | 3,318 | ![](\\"\\")![](\\"\\") Instagram Log In Sign Up ![\\"\\"](\\" jpg_e15&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6ImltYWdlX3VybGdlbi40ODB4ODU0LnNkci5mMjkzNTAuZGVmYXVsdF9jb3Zlcl9mcmFtZSJ9&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=106&_nc_ohc=XdCUPtia9UYQ7kNvgG8OgJ7&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&ig_cache_key=MzQzMTU4Mjc2NjE3MzcwMTYzMg%3D%3D.3-ccb7-5&oh=00_AYBzsYBhfz4bRxKNdRl- EUUv3qCRnA9jtpuj1BC4wRd_Bw&oe=67095AF5&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) Audio is muted Tags ![\\"pilotamireh\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=104&_nc_ohc=bhMou2qKCBcQ7kNvgFldrd_&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYCrKHxDrRjshM5zegFDYcscGKZXamfR- eFn3RJbZ2FZYQ&oe=6709889F&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) pilotamireh Verified • Follow Original audio More options ![\\"pilotamireh\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=104&_nc_ohc=bhMou2qKCBcQ7kNvgFldrd_&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYCrKHxDrRjshM5zegFDYcscGKZXamfR- eFn3RJbZ2FZYQ&oe=6709889F&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) pilotamireh Verified 8w A Voepass Linhas Aéreas ATR-72 passenger plane tragically crashed on August 9, 2024, in Vinhedo, a municipality in São Paulo, Brazil. The flight, which was en route from Cascavel to São Paulo Guarulhos Airport, had 58 passengers and 4 crew members on board. Unfortunately, there were no survivors. Footage circulating online shows the aircraft in a flat spin, descending rapidly with little forward motion before impact. Preliminary discussions among aviation experts suggest that the plane may have encountered severe icing conditions, which could have led to a loss of control. The investigation into the exact cause of the crash is ongoing, but the footage suggests the plane was in a catastrophic aerodynamic stall during its final moments RIP all souls onboard What do you think it happened? #atr72 #atr72crash #crash #sãopaulo #stall #spin #crashvideo #aviation #avgeek #aviationlovers #aviationdaily #reelsaviation #aviationlovers #aviationvideo #aviationgeeks #reels #reelsaviation #aviationreels #aviationlife Load more comments ![\\"sinti.alops\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=110&_nc_ohc=oJhE6UqGu2AQ7kNvgEJzsCW&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYAsElknuLrFLNelsdS09czN5tQVDMidc7K2KVytGg24IA&oe=6709636C&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) sinti.alops 1d God comfort family and friends Reply ![\\"nurseerikinha\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=106&_nc_ohc=1qQQGbKL_oMQ7kNvgEkIB_z&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYCp7PFJctGZ5nQDzM_- CMjDB78JIr86mRLNJYSc3Gz7dw&oe=67095EDF&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) nurseerikinha 3d I am Brazilian and I am very, very touched and happy that you care about my people and their losses! Very painful and tragic! Once again, THANK YOU, and thank you for caring! God bless you @pilotamireh and keep you from all evil! Reply ![\\"fatiima.sol\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=110&_nc_ohc=pFFalfbwkOMQ7kNvgGlpTYu&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYA64TbuwbRfsWVOEMq4IOshVRr4VrS3rLMNSkIVSWKgPw&oe=670956B6&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) fatiima.sol 1w Um dia muito triste, aconteceu próximo a minha cidade!💔😢 Reply ![\\"rosita.property_jogja\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=100&_nc_ohc=R1_Tbv_QQQwQ7kNvgEzPwiX&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYBpR1zNx2Pf5vGTLDFcTrxqzu8jzqh9wi3p-9P-DvAB6g&oe=67096CB9&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) rosita.property_jogja 2w 😢😢😢😢 Reply ![\\"ducativogue\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=110&_nc_ohc=0qhgAC6pvLsQ7kNvgHWbcov&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYCvfyXm80XRneC2FtClIVPpbhvdKanCwAy7Q4uT3VHiTQ&oe=67098A30&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) ducativogue 5w @mattiehurk Actually, looking at @pilotamireh \'s caption, there\'s nothing sensitive or disrespectful. He\'s a pilot too, and he was merely asking. If you know the answer just reply and if not ust quirt. Reply ![\\"mlourdescaetanocaetano\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=108&_nc_ohc=4BBu- CFVqowQ7kNvgHXubrv&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYACWZL8KjFLKOfHJ41eYQqJFvRsTiFMwHthy4u-lBuLbw&oe=67095FC2&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) mlourdescaetanocaetano 5w 😍😍 Reply ![\\"8621lorenzo\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=100&_nc_ohc=1FMnwWrKmqgQ7kNvgG61gqR&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYCO11Foc55D7c9RIwEMl1nCcm8zS-2uxTdBuA0yorUc-Q&oe=670963C6&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) 8621lorenzo 6w 😢😢😢💔💔💔 Reply ![\\"cintia_kenia_caetano\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=108&_nc_ohc=8jVZ6TPH3KMQ7kNvgGMu8MN&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYAK3dyPBwWb7Xia10HbnKUWTeXzd7oWk_UKZrO_P7Zmeg&oe=67096A7D&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) cintia_kenia_caetano 6w 😢 Reply ![\\"abu_b4q4r\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=102&_nc_ohc=VKQcDe265vIQ7kNvgHJlKYi&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYCdVAqSwkOTl- l_glEE3IAxbcM9JAPZQv4W0N_vMseCfg&oe=67096292&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) abu_b4q4r 6w 😱😢😢😢 Reply ![\\"journalistul\\'s](\\" jpg_s150x150&_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&_nc_cat=111&_nc_ohc=9q5Kao3UrScQ7kNvgHOtKtN&_nc_gid=d52362245f404474b9737c41994c9e68&edm=APs17CUBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYAGZ7tXwxRjqSo3WhEXVOObSj_MzLA8AoGugiQ1bOA4xg&oe=67097C6A&_nc_sid=10d13b\\"/) journalistul 6w 😔…no words needed 🖤 Reply Like Comment Share Post Share Post Save August 10 Log in to like or comment. 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100 crores has been spent on food expenses by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the last seven years the central government has recently revealed through RTI | 3,321 | # Access Denied You don\'t have permission to access \" on this server. Reference #18.d76c3f17.1728243505.15a9a5fb |
100 crores has been spent on food expenses by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the last seven years the central government has recently revealed through RTI | 3,321 | # Access Denied You don\'t have permission to access \" on this server. Reference #18.ce6c3f17.1728256113.110e46cc |
100 crores has been spent on food expenses by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the last seven years the central government has recently revealed through RTI | 3,321 | Main Menu Navigation Pulitzer Center View Primary Menu Search * ABOUT Our Mission and Model Staff Board of Directors Impact Quarterly and Annual Reports Donors Ethics and Standards Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Employment * UPDATES * EVENTS Upcoming Events Conferences * WEBINARS ON-DEMAND * COMMUNITY * IMPACT DONATE * JOURNALISM * * PULITZER CENTER JOURNALISM * STORIES * Stories by Pulitzer Center Grantees * Stories by Campus Consortium Reporting Fellows * PROJECTS * FIELD NOTES * APPLY FOR JOURNALISM GRANTS * * FOCUS AREAS * Climate and Environment * Global Health * Peace and Conflict * Human Rights * Information and Artificial Intelligence * INITIATIVES * AI Accountability Network * AI Spotlight Series * StoryReach U.S. * U.S. Local News Reporting * U.S. Coastlines Reporting * Ocean Reporting Network * Rainforest Investigations Network * Rainforest Reporting * Transparency and Governance * Our Work/Environment * NEWSLETTER ARCHIVE * EDUCATION * * CAMPUS CONSORTIUM PROGRAM & PARTNERS * Campus Consortium Program * Campus Consortium News * Campus Consortium Partners * Reporting Fellowships * Reporting Fellow Bios * Stories by Reporting Fellows * Resources for Reporting Fellows * Campus Consortium Advisory Council * Join the Campus Consortium Network * INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND OUTREACH * * K-12 PROGRAMS AND RESOURCES * Programs for Teachers and Students * Lesson Plans * Journalist Visits to Classrooms * The 1619 Project Education Portal * Student Contests * Professional Development for Educators * Journalism Skillbuilder Lesson Series * K-12 Education News * GRANTS & FELLOWSHIPS * * GRANTS & FELLOWSHIPS * Tips for a Successful Grant Application * Pulitzer Center Crediting Requirements * OPPORTUNITIES FOR JOURNALISTS * Global Reporting Grants * Ocean Reporting Network Fellowships * AI Reporting Grants * Rainforest Reporting Grants * Conflict Reporting * Ocean and Fisheries Reporting Grants * Climate and Labor Reporting Grants * Impact Seed Funding * Africa Reporting Grants * Science Misinformation Grants * U.S. Local Reporting Grants * Data Journalism Grants * Global Health Inequities, Risks and Solutions * Connected Coastlines Grants * Rainforest Investigations Fellowships * Machine Learning Reporting Grants * AI Accountability Fellowships * StoryReach U.S. Fellowships * * OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATORS * The 1619 Project Education Impact Grants * Pulitzer Center Teacher Fellowship * Impact Seed Funding * OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAMPUS CONSORTIUM MEMBERS * Campus Consortium Reporting Fellowships * Post-Grad Reporting Fellowships * IMPACT * RESOURCES * COMMUNITY * EVENTS * WEBINARS ON-DEMAND * ABOUT Our Mission and Model Staff Board of Directors Impact Quarterly and Annual Reports Donors Ethics and Standards Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Employment * UPDATES * EVENTS Upcoming Events Conferences * WEBINARS ON-DEMAND * COMMUNITY * IMPACT DONATE Translate page with Google 1. Home 2. Stories 3. The Costs of Reliance’s Wildlife Ambitions Story ![\\"Publication](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/max_90/public/himal.jpg.webp?itok=2SoVMeO0\\"/) March 20, 2024 # The Costs of Reliance’s Wildlife Ambitions Country: India Author: ![\\"author](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/person_thum/public/2023-08/Rajshekhar.jpg.webp?itok=IdfeLCvh\\"/) M. Rajshekhar Grantee Share this page on Facebook Share this page on Twitter Email this page Print this page ![\\"Prime](\\"/sites/default/files/2023-08/shutterstock_1361867462.jpg\\") English #### Project #### A Fading Social Contract in India How do political parties in India acquire power, whom do they serve, and how do they retain their... ![\\"author](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/person_thum/public/2023-08/Rajshekhar.jpg.webp?itok=IdfeLCvh\\"/) M. Rajshekhar Grantee READ MORE ABOUT THIS PROJECT SECTIONS Article ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%201.jpg.webp?itok=cU6YCysd\\"/)Illustration by Mika Tennekoon; images from IMAGO/NurPhoto and Wikimedia Commons. _Led by Anant Ambani and supported by the Indian government, Reliance’s effort to shelter abused elephants has transmuted into an enormous wildlife centre – raising concerns over the sourcing of some animals as well as over India’s wildlife management._ ## 1: Welcome to Vantara ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%202_0.png.webp?itok=UhZlxHIk\\")The save- the-date card for the pre-wedding celebration of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant. Image courtesy of Himal Southasian. FOR MANY, the first inkling came from the save-the-date card, speckled with images of exotic birds and animals: an elephant with a calf, a leopard, an African lion, a tiger, a chital, flamingoes, a peacock, and three parrots winging through the air. Above them all, a minimalist sketch of Ganesh, remover of obstacles in Hindu mythology. Overleaf, a description of the venue for the pre-wedding celebrations of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant explained why: \"In 1997, Reliance built the world’s largest grassroot refining complex near Jamnagar. Over the years, we planted more than ten million trees in this arid region, transforming it into a bustling green community, flourishing with flowers and fruits, and housing Asia’s largest mango orchard! \"Taking the spirit of this initiative further, Anant has lovingly nurtured this complex into a haven of care and compassion for over thousands of rescued animals.\" ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/inline- images/fFDCLRQC360ICrcL7N8JLmaYcRFi788vTBbkNDfcj9VC8Mvdqc.png.webp?itok=IzNvLrGM\\"/) As a nonprofit journalism organization, we depend on your support to fund journalism covering underreported issues around the world. Donate any amount today to become a Pulitzer Center Champion and receive exclusive benefits! Anant is the youngest son of Mukesh Ambani, the chairman of Reliance Industries and India’s richest man. He was preparing to wed Radhika, the daughter of the pharma tycoon Viren Merchant. The celebration would take place at the Reliance Greens in Jamnagar, in the state of Gujarat, on the first weekend of March 2024. FOR THE MOST PART, the card was received with surprise. Who could have imagined that Reliance, one of India’s top two conglomerates and a petrochemical giant, had been quietly rescuing wild animals and housing them at the world’s largest refinery complex. On 26 February, some two weeks after the card went out, the surprise deepened further. At an interaction with the media, Anant announced Vantara, described in an accompanying statement as “an umbrella initiative to focus on rescue, treatment, care and rehabilitation of injured, abused and threatened animals, both in India and abroad,” created by him and funded by Reliance. The scale of it left reporters grasping for words. Vantara is home to over 200 elephants; over 300 large cats, including leopards, tigers, lions and jaguars; over 3000 herbivores, such as deer; over 1200 reptiles, including crocodiles, snakes and turtles; and a huge number of birds to boot. It occupies 3000 acres inside Reliance’s Jamnagar refinery complex, and is exceptionally well- provisioned to treat ailing animals. Reporters who got to tour the facility marvelled at an operation theatre and specially-designed ambulances, hydro- therapy pools, an ayurvedic massage centre and kitchen, all created especially for the elephants. “‘Rescue Prince’ Makes India Proud,” Ahmedabad Mirror gushed. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%203.png.webp?itok=O4wS8BIm\\"/)An Instagram post of Ivanka Trump, daughter of the former US president Donald Trump, at Anant Ambani’s pre-wedding celebration in Jamnagar. Image courtesy of Himal Southasian. These reports got some things right – but missed many details. Between 2019 and today, the two principal building blocks of Vantara – the Radhe Krishna Temple Elephant Welfare Trust and Greens Zoological, Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre – have indeed amassed an extraordinary assemblage of wildlife, including multiple endangered species. A high-powered committee (HPC) constituted by the High Court of Tripura on 7 November 2022 to recommend whether elephants should be transferred to Jamnagar found that, as of 1 April 2023, the Trust was home to 170 of the animals. As this story was being written, it received twelve more elephants from Tripura, and now had a reported total of more than 200 of the animals. As for Greens, its annual report for 2022–23 lists 3889 birds and animals in its custody, belonging to 134 species. By February 2024, these numbers had climbed even further. Talking to the press that month, Anant pegged the number of birds and animals at Vantara at over 4700, from an unspecified number of species. Along the way, Vantara has overtaken the National Zoological Park at Delhi, which had 1114 animals from 100 species in 2020–21 (the latest year for which data is available). Greens now hosts about as many individual birds and animals as New York City’s fabled Bronx Zoo, although from far fewer species. Its 2022–23 annual report lists 857 marsh crocodiles, 229 leopards, 76 “hybrid” lions and 71 tigers, more than 1200 iguanas and 225 African spurred tortoises, not to mention Nile crocodiles and saltwater crocodiles and Siamese crocodiles and gharials, grizzly bears and black bears, African lions and cheetahs, Nile hippopotamuses, chimpanzees, an orangutan and a Komodo dragon, and more. This dizzying accumulation of animals, many from endangered species, has been accompanied by an incredible willingness to spend. Vantara has poached veterinary and animal-care staff from conservation NGOs across India, and convoys moving animals to Jamnagar are well-provisioned, with vets and an ambulance riding along. “Between Greens and the Trust, there are no less than 80 vets on duty,” a senior animal-care staffer at the Trust told me. Domesticated elephants are often treated cruelly by their owners, be it in temples or in tourism or in logging operations. Once at Jamnagar, besides the luxury accommodations, they are also given high-quality medical care. In December 2022, the court-appointed HPC, chaired by a former justice of the Supreme Court of India, visited the facility. Its report lists elephants like Leelavati, a circus elephant with second-degree burns, who is being nursed through recovery. The animal-care staffer described an elephant called Nithya, who was found to have a uro-genital tumour. “Urine was backing up, affecting her kidneys,” he said. “The Jamnagar centre spent Rs 2 crore” – roughly USD 240,000 – “removing the tumour.” At least 20 elephants, the animal-care staffer added, had seen their lives extended because they came to Jamnagar. “The world’s best vets – from countries like Portugal, Thailand, etcetera – are there.” Arraigned against this vast benevolence are equally large concerns. First among them: were all 4700 birds and animals now at Vantara really in need of rescue? Rescue centres are meant to rehabilitate injured and abused birds and animals, including those abused in captivity, and provide lifelong care if they cannot be returned to the wild. As I learnt in my reporting, however, the Trust is also taking in healthy animals. This question applies to Greens as well. Among the objectives listed in its 2022–23 annual report is the goal of providing “lifetime care” to animals rescued from human–animal conflict, animals in the custody of the government, and animals housed in zoos loaded beyond their carrying capacities. A senior forest officer in eastern Assam asked why even healthy elephants from the area were being sent to Jamnagar, well over 3000 kilometres away by road. “Even if elephants have to be removed from logging camps, they should come to the forest department, where they are needed for patrolling,” he said. “Captives will have a better life with us. They are kept in semi-wild conditions, not in sheds but out in the open. They forage. They are better socialised. They even mate with wild elephants.” Second is the question of whether Jamnagar, even with all its sparkling animal-care facilities, is actually a suitable place for all the animals it holds, including numerous critically endangered species. For one thing, Gujarat is hotter than many parts of India and the world, making it potentially unsuitable for many species from more temperate climates. For another, Greens has been set up on land abutting Reliance’s mammoth petrochemical complex, and the Trust, as the HPC report noted, actually houses elephants inside it. In the words of the HPC, “The [elephant] Camp is located within the green belt of the precincts of the campus of Reliance Industries Limited’s Jamnagar Refinery.” The Jamnagar complex, stretching across 7500 acres of land, houses a petroleum refinery, a power plant, a butyl rubber plant and many other petrochemical facilities. According to a 2016 circular from the Central Pollution Control Board, both oil refining and petrochemical manufacturing are highly polluting industries. An older CPCB report, from 2000, says that green belts near such industries can mitigate environmental damage by acting as sinks for pollutants. What is more, besides the dangers of pollution, there is also the risk of industrial accidents – such as flash fires. Third, there is the sheer scale and speed at which Vantara has accumulated animals. As a Goa-based conservationist said, “There is a lot of red tape for wildlife transfers, a lot of conditions that the destination must comply with. How did they source so many animals so quickly?” “The idea, when all this started, was good,” the animal-care staffer said. That start came at least as early as 2008, but the effort gathered steam in the mid-2010s, when Anant briefly moved to Jamnagar. The animal-care staffer added, “They wanted sick, suffering elephants from places like circuses and temples” – both notorious for mistreating the animals. Many circus elephants, for instance, suffer fractures from being constantly loaded onto and off from trucks. Temple elephants face cruelty in part due to lack of knowledge. As the animal-care staffer explained, “We call them Ganesh-baba and then feed them poori-sabzi, ghee, etcetera” – but these foods are not suitable for the species. So the Trust was set up “to provide life-time care for suffering elephants. That has somehow changed to ‘We want numbers’.” I spoke to more than 50 people in the course of reporting this story, including individuals who have worked at or been closely associated with Vantara. Most of these insiders, as well as activists, wildlife experts and officials who have been tracking the Trust and Greens, traced this growth in ambition to Anant, who at 28 years of age oversees both entities. “Something that drives my cause is animal welfare,” he said in a recent interview. There are lots of people working for human welfare, he explained, “but in animal welfare, there are few people working. I think I was the chosen one and I was fortunate enough that [with] God’s blessings … that I could do Seva of animals.” Incidentally, as Anant’s plans have changed, so have India’s laws and regulations on wildlife. Until 2018, the country’s legislation on wildlife discouraged private ownership of endangered species. Over the last five years, however, both the union government in New Delhi, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), as well as various state governments across the country – not to mention the courts – have weakened the earlier legal framework. The questions around Vantara reach beyond Indian borders too. Vantara’s 26 Spix’s macaws, highly endangered birds native to Brazil that arrived in Jamnagar from a controversial breeding farm in Germany, offer just one example. International wildlife conservation NGOs have complained about the means through which Vantara acquired the macaws, of which only 200 or so remain worldwide. As the number of animals at Vantara grows, Reliance also faces the question of where to put them. In just five years, Vantara’s plans, which started with a shelter for abused elephants, have expanded to cover healthy elephants, then animals in extremis from other local species, then animals in extremis from across the globe, and now even a zoo. In August 2023, Greens also picked up an operations, maintenance and expansion contract for a recently set-up state zoo at Kevadia, in Gujarat, near the colossal Statue of Unity that the government has been promoting as a tourism destination. Beyond Gujarat, it now owns a tea estate abutting Kaziranga National Park in Assam, bought after talks to partner with the Wildlife Trust of India, which runs a wildlife rescue centre there, reportedly failed. At Kevadia, a familiar pattern of wilful state mismanagement concluding in privatisation appears to be playing out with biodiversity. As the Chief Wildlife Warden for Gujarat, Nityanand Srivastava, told me, “Wildlife management weak ho gaya hain” – Wildlife management has become weak. “Companies with passion for wildlife should come in.” How all these pieces fit together is not widely known even inside Vantara. “Very few people there know the full picture,” a former employee of the Trust said. In the absence of information, rumours are rife. “They want a thousand elephants,” the animal-care staffer said. According to an observer, given India’s recent dilution of regulations against wildlife trading, Vantara might eventually set up a breeding farm. Others feel the conglomerate may be planning to create private reserves outside protected areas. Anant has told an interviewer, “What you’ve seen now is only 8-10 percent of my vision.” I sent questions to Greens for its director, Brij Kishor Gupta. “We are nonprofit organisations established with the sole purpose of promoting animal welfare, their in-situ and ex-situ conservation, research, and education,” Greens replied. “It is important to clarify that none of our organisations were, are, or will ever be breeding farms. Instead, we were, are, and will continue to remain rescue centres, conservation breeding centres, and a home for animals in distress.” Greens added, “We do not have any ‘targets’ for specific numbers or species; our commitment is to offer rescue, relief, and support conservation efforts as needed. Your allegations attributing numbers or targets is frivolous and baseless.” The facilities at Jamnagar “have been established across over 3000 acres of green belt, following extensive research and scientific evidence assessing various factors such as climate, soil, air, water, overall suitability. In fact, there are many establishments around the green belt, including a large housing complex. Animals at our facility are thriving in all respects.” Further, “Animals are only housed at our facilities after obtaining necessary permissions and licences from statutory authorities. It is totally false to suggest that any animal was brought to our facility from any other source or for reasons unrelated to our mission.” When it comes to India’s wildlife laws and regulations, “we have not found any provision that has been weakened or that has provided us any purported advantage,” Greens said. “If anything, amendments in the past decade have only tightened these provisions.” I also sent Greens questions for Anant Ambani. This story will be updated when he responds. In late February 2024, days before the pre-wedding celebration, Reliance invited some media organisations to Jamnagar to see its animal-care facilities first hand. Besides the adulatory coverage that came out of this tour, the Indian media has barely reported on Vantara’s accumulation of animals as well as lands abutting protected forests, or on the many attendant knock-on effects. Given Reliance’s enormous economic clout and its massive holdings in Indian media companies, there is little mood for hard questions in official circles or the public sphere. There is no doubt that the condition of wildlife in India is parlous: the country’s forests are shrinking, human–animal conflict is rising, existing facilities to treat and rehabilitate injured animals are by and large dismal. But there is plenty to doubt in whether the best response to human–animal conflict or overcrowding in zoos is to hand animals over to private individuals or corporations for “life-time” care – and also in why Reliance and the Ambanis have been chosen to provide this service. Until the recent publicity push, Reliance itself largely kept mum on Vantara. A clutch of animal-rights activists and forest officers have been invited to Jamnagar in the last two years or so, but, as a member of one such group told me, the trip was tightly controlled, and the visitors could not see all the relevant facilities. Most of the current and former employees at Greens and the Trust whom I contacted declined to speak, and I was told that employees have been required to sign non-disclosure agreements. Most of the forest department officials I reached out to in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat also declined to comment. As the Goa-based conservationist pointed out, when Byculla Zoo brought eight Humboldt penguins to Mumbai in 2016 there was a furore over whether it was right to house a species native to the cold climes of South America in sweltering Indian heat. “This time around, hundreds of animals are coming in,” the conservationist said. “And no one is asking any questions.” ## 2: The elephants in the room ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%204.jpg.webp?itok=FliGOGbF\\"/)Illustration by Mika Tennekoon; images from IMAGO/NurPhoto and Wikimedia Commons. ON THE NIGHT between 5 and 6 June 2022, a convoy of ten trucks, escorted by two Toyota Fortuner SUVs, was stopped in the town of Pasighat, in Arunachal Pradesh, by members of a local student union. Twice already that year – once in March and again in April – this part of the Indian Northeast had seen convoys loaded with seven elephants each to be driven to the Radhe Krishna Temple Elephant Welfare Trust in Jamnagar. The student union members, hearing about one more convoy, had decided to see for themselves what was happening. There was plenty to puzzle over. The Trust had come into being to care for domestic elephants that were old, sick or abused in captivity, but the elephants in the convoy were all young and healthy sub-adults. If they nonetheless needed to be rescued, other rehabilitation centres lay nearer – one was just some 370 kilometres away, near Kaziranga in Assam. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, also in Assam, could have hosted these elephants as well, and it lay even closer – just 60 kilometres away from the town of Namsai, in Arunachal Pradesh, where these elephants had been picked up. Instead, they were being trucked across the entire breadth of India to Gujarat, at the peak of an uncommonly hot summer, to an arid place nothing like the rain-soaked, tropical evergreen forests they had known all their lives. But the convoy had its paperwork in order – transit permits for the elephants, ownership documents and no-objection certificates from the Chief Wildlife Wardens of Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat. The next morning, after an intervention by the Arunachal government, it resumed its journey. EXACTLY HOW THE Trust and Greens came into being is not clear. What is clear is that the youngest Ambani son has long liked wildlife. He is said to have kept exotic pets at Sea-Wind, the Ambani clan’s joint home in Mumbai until Mukesh Ambani’s family moved to a mansion of their own, Antilia. More recently, the family has been erecting outbuildings for “reptiles, marsupials, [and] flightless birds” at their county estate in the United Kingdom. At Jamnagar, where Reliance owns swathes of farmland around the petrochemical complex, one set of animals arrived around 2016. At that time, a Gujarat-based observer told me on the condition of anonymity, Anant was living in Jamnagar, and “a small zoo was built for him on 10-15 acres.” Around the same period, an animal-rights activist who has visited Vantara told me, Maneka Gandhi, then a cabinet minister, contacted Reliance asking if it could house some rescued circus elephants. Gandhi, a member of the BJP, is a prominent animal-rights activist herself, and is the founder of the advocacy group People for Animals. Those elephants came to Jamnagar as well. Which explains why a team from the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust (MCBT) that visited Greens sometime between 2019 and 2020 found “land and about fifty elephants,” as a person closely associated with the MCBT told me. I sent questions about this period to Anant Ambani. This story will be updated when he replies. I also sent a query to Gandhi, who responded, “I have been associated with the elephant rescue facility and deeply appreciate the care and vision that have gone into housing, treatment and care of these noble animals.” She added that Vantara is “a serious and mature attempt at wildlife conservation and must be appreciated. Governments would do well to learn from it and replicate it in every state.” While the Covid-19 pandemic raged, India announced an amnesty scheme for owners of exotic animals to voluntarily disclose possession of any prohibited live species. By 2020, an unknown number of exotics had been housed in Jamnagar, and Reliance’s previously ad hoc arrangements for receiving animals had changed into something far more structured and ambitious. The Radhe Krishna Trust was registered in 2019. That same year, Greens applied to India’s Central Zoo Authority for permission to operate as a zoo, described as an effort to “complement and strengthen the national efforts in conservation of the rich biodiversity of the region and the country.” It also said Greens would function as a “rescue and rehabilitation centre for orphaned, sick, injured wild animals.” In tandem, interviews began for veterinary and other positions at Greens. As Reliance updated its wildlife plans, there were swift ripple effects in India’s forests and the communities living near them, as well as in forest bureaucracies and wildlife markets. To understand these, last September I drove into Arunachal Pradesh from Assam, passing the exhausted coal town of Margherita and wide expanses of paddy fields until, near the interstate border, remnants of the great forests that once covered this region loomed into view. Past the border, running north along the foothills of the eastern Himalaya, I passed more paddy fields and forest fragments, and the odd tea estate. Finally, I arrived at the small town of Namsai. Since colonial times, this has been logging country. Each of the principal communities living in the area – Singphos, Khamtis and Morans – leased domestic elephants to loggers or the forest department. “Each family had an elephant,” a Singpho elder near Margherita told me. “Having three or four elephants was considered a point of pride.” The aftermath is well known. The forests thinned and in many places disappeared. In the mid-1990s, a logging ban was imposed, pushing many households into an even poorer state than before. Unable to support their elephants, locals began selling the animals off, mostly to temples in southern India. Since the logging ban, the Singpho elder said, “99 percent of the elephants in this area have been sold.” Today, some logging mills have reopened, and some logging still continues – most of it illegal. There is still some work for elephants, locals said, but those that remain are now mainly owned by a few relatively affluent families. This is where the thorny questions begin. Between March and June 2022, according to a petition filed in the Supreme Court of India by the animal- rights activist Mubina Akhtar, 26 elephants were transported from Namsai to Jamnagar. Such elephant transfers continued into the following year too. In April 2023, locals in Tinsukia, in Assam, halted a 49-vehicle convoy ferrying 25 elephants from Namsai to the Trust. Another local in Namsai, who did not want to be identified, told me in October 2023 that another 40 are waiting to be dispatched. Put together, that makes for 91 elephants destined for the Trust from Namsai. According to the Trust, all of these are captive elephants whose owners, unable to maintain them, had bequeathed them to Jamnagar. In January 2019, however, India’s environment ministry had pegged the number of captive elephants in all of Arunachal Pradesh at 109. So has the Trust picked up 91 of these – and were so many of these captives in Namsai alone? Understanding such transfers requires a minor detour into India’s captive- elephant laws. In 1972, with the passage of the Wild Life Protection Act (WLPA), the country outlawed ownership of Schedule 1 animals, defined as belonging to endangered species that need rigorous protection and so cannot be hunted or traded. But, in 2002, an exception was made for elephants to accommodate existing captive individuals. At the same time, to choke off the trade in elephants and stop any new supply of the animals from the wild, the government began laying down a series of conditions. One: the capture of wild elephants was banned. Two: the commercial sale of elephants was outlawed. With that, one could come to own an elephant only through inheritance, or via gift or donation. Three: anyone acquiring an elephant, especially a young elephant, had to prove its heredity from an already domesticated mother. Here, an elaborate protocol gradually came into being. Speaking on condition of anonymity, a senior environment ministry official stationed in the Northeast sketched out the system. Whenever a female captive elephant becomes pregnant, the owner has to report it to the divisional forest officer. From there, the local veterinary officer has to confirm the pregnancy, and return soon after delivery to confirm the birth, along with a local forest officer. When the calf turns three, blood samples are taken from the mother and calf to be sent to a designated lab to confirm parentage through DNA testing. As the final step, once the testing confirms captive parentage, the calf is microchipped. Introduced in 2002, microchipping was meant as a fourth curb on the illicit elephant trade. Despite the WLPA, some of the trade had continued, with false documents of provenance and commercial transactions masked through instruments like gift deeds. The resulting demand was still feeding wild captures. Microchipping was the government’s response. It implanted all captive elephants with microchips, each with an unique number. “If any elephant was left out, it would be considered illegal,” explained Tana Tapi, the former park director of Pakke Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh, who oversaw the microchipping exercise in the state. Confiscation by the state would follow. In addition to all of this, there was also a fifth protection. Moving elephants required approval from the Chief Wildlife Warden of every state the animals were trucked through. Through these measures, India largely staunched the elephant trade. By 2010, the number of elephants transported from Assam had fallen to just six, down from 77 in 2006, according to a much-cited 2011 paper on illegal sales and transfers by Chaturbhuja Behera, a regional deputy director in the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau. The numbers at Bihar’s Sonepur mela, a traditional hub of the elephant trade, had also declined. “Fear psychosis has trickled into the traders and the violations are slowly falling,” Behera wrote. Pointing out that some trade still survived under the guise of non-commercial transactions, Behera emphasised the need for “complete inventorization and microchipping, and absolute compliance with guidelines.” To stop the elephant trade completely, he added, “the provision of transfer” will have to be abolished. IN MAY 2022, Kamno was donated to Greens as a seven-year-old sub-adult. While Kamno’s owner, Chow Molaseng Namshum of Namsai, claimed to have had the elephant since its birth, Kamno had not been microchipped. Intriguingly, he also had a hole in his right ear. The Centre for Research on Animal Rights, headed by the academic Alok Hisarwala, wrote to the forest departments of Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat to point out that perforating the right ear is “a standard training practice to rope and train a young – mostly wild captured – elephant, used commonly in Assam.” Nonetheless, Namshum managed to get Kamno microchipped on 21 May 2022. On 25 May, the Arunachal Pradesh government issued an ownership certificate for the elephant. Just one day later, Namshum wrote to the Trust asking it to adopt Kamno. Even before the Trust wrote back, he applied to the state forest department seeking permission to transfer the elephant to Jamnagar. The Trust wrote back accepting the elephant on 27 May. After a two-day weekend, on 30 May, Gujarat issued a no-objection certificate for the transfer of ten elephants, including Kamno, to the Trust. The very next day, Arunachal Pradesh permitted Namshum to transport Kamno. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%205.png.webp?itok=WRIei1NQ\\"/) ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%206.png.webp?itok=0UJvrF_-\\"/) ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%207.png.webp?itok=OYjsQkrh\\"/) ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%208.png.webp?itok=gNhOIEG1\\"/) The paperwork required to transfer Kamno from Namsai to Jamnagar moved at an astonishing pace. Images courtesy of the Centre for Research on Animal Rights. It was a breathtaking sequence of efficient bureaucracy and planning. Only, as Hisarwala wrote in his letter, it “remains implausible that Mr Namshum would undertake the administrative trouble of acquiring Kamno only to donate him for free the very next day.” I messaged Namshum on his two phone numbers to ask for a clarification. This story will be updated when he responds. Kamno’s is not an isolated instance. Similar patterns – elephants born after 2003 but not registered, adult or sub-adult elephants microchipped late in life, blindingly fast paperwork from state governments – show up with some other elephants taken to Jamnagar as well. On 12 February 2018, the office of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCF) for Arunachal Pradesh issued ownership certificates for four elephants – Unni, Laxmi, Hari Prasad and Lakhi Prasad – despite the youngest one, Unni, being seven years and three months old. Of the rest, Laxmi was 18, Hari Prasad 30, and Lakhi Prasad 34. Interestingly, Laxmi and Unni also had holes in the right ear. Three months later, on 25 May, the PCCF’s office issued an ownership certificate for another elephant, Ai-Long, despite it being 18 years old. On the same day, it also issued an ownership certificate for eight-year-old Kanchi. All these elephants were taken to Jamnagar. Since 2019, forest officers in Assam have also seen some curious patterns play out with microchipping. At first, they began finding convoys where some elephants did not have microchips. “In the case of Laxmi and Unni, despite the paperwork listing microchip numbers, as many as six scanners were used but no chips were found,” said a senior forest department officer in Guwahati, the largest city in Assam, who did not want to be identified. By 2022, forest officers were seeing a new pattern: juvenile and adult elephants with microchips inserted less than a month before the application to register their ownership, as with Kamno. That same year, the senior forest officer told me, forest officers also encountered a 17-year-old elephant with a one-month-old microchip. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%209.jpg.webp?itok=CzRatDhl\\"/) ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2010.jpg.webp?itok=BedPFwZ0\\"/) ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2011.jpg.webp?itok=bHBOhdU7\\"/) Official correspondence records that microchips were not found in the cases of the elephants Laxmi and Unni when they were transferred to Vantara. Images courtesy of Himal Southasian. Yet other elephants had microchips which could not be verified. For instance, the chairperson of the court-appointed HPC, Justice Deepak Verma, wrote a letter on 4 April 2023 to Ngilyang Tam, the PCCF and Chief Wildlife Warden of Arunachal Pradesh, seeking the transfer of 20 elephants from Namsai to the Radhe Krishna Trust. The animals included two elephants whose microchip numbers could not be verified. These slip-ups reveal a larger pattern of rot setting into elephant conservation in India. The WLPA had imposed a blanket prohibition on all wildlife transfers of a commercial nature – but, looking to discourage trafficking, it made an exception for non-commercial transfers of elephants for three purposes: education, scientific research and scientific management. It also banned wild captures, insisted on scrupulous reporting of captive births, introduced DNA testing and microchipping, required multiple approvals for elephant transfers, and created provisions for confiscating any unregistered elephants except those captive-born after 1 April 2003. Between these curbs on demand and supply, India largely choked off the elephant trade. Over recent years, however, the BJP-led national government has greatly weakened this architecture. In 2021, the government’s draft Wild Life Protection (Amendment) Bill said any person with a valid ownership certificate should be allowed to transfer and transport live elephants with permission from the relevant state governments. Among the restrictions this would dilute was Section 43 of the WLPA, which strictly regulated the transfer of elephants. After a Parliamentary Standing Committee headed by Jairam Ramesh, of the opposition Congress party, recommended a relaxation of the rules specifically for religious purposes, the union government brought in a sweeping amendment that allowed the transfer of captive elephants for “religious or any other purpose”. This was hugely problematic. The amendment legalised temples’ appetite for elephants, even though multiple investigations have established that they often treat captive elephants with great brutality. Beyond this, as pointed out in The Leaflet, “The new proviso creates a legal pathway to encourage the further commercialisation and transfer of elephants through the vague wording of ‘religious or any other purpose’.” Also done away with was the need for approvals from Chief Wildlife Wardens all along the route of an elephant’s transport. The WLPA 2022 says elephant transfers will be governed by terms and conditions defined by the union government. With that, power over transfers pooled with the union government – and the Chief Wildlife Wardens from the states of origin and destination for any elephant being moved. The role of other state governments ended. This was bad law-making. “Amendments should improve the law,” Debadityo Sinha, who leads on environmental matters for the Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy in Delhi, said of the amendment. “It shouldn’t be diluted. That is the principle of non-regression. You cannot bring a new rule which is against the mandate of the law.” That left wild elephants with three protections – proof of heredity, microchipping, and the ban on wild captures. Microchipping was already proving porous, as the forest officers in Assam had learnt. And the system of proof of heredity is now showing weaknesses as well. While in Namsai, seeking to understand the origins of the elephants sent to Jamnagar, I visited the office of the divisional forest officer for the area. An official there, who did not want to be identified, said the forest department did not have updated records on the local elephant population. “The last time we did a wild elephant census was in 2017,” he explained. Even for local captive elephants, the department did not have updated records. “We do not have those records because there is no reporting from the owners,” the official said. I asked how, in the absence of reliable microchips and an updated inventory, the forest department was ascertaining heredity. “When these elephants were being sent, we got an affidavit from each owner saying that this elephant is the child of that elephant,” the official said. “The documents we wanted were affidavit-cum-declaration that the calf was born to a captive mother, mother’s registration certificate, the calf’s birth certificate, succession of ownership, and gaonbura’s letter” – that is, a letter from the local village head. The affidavit, in other words, had replaced the defined process of home visits and DNA testing. “What is an affidavit?” the environment ministry official stationed in the Northeast said. “Those get made for 200 rupees. You need to follow the process plus have DNA proof.” I emailed and messaged Tam to ask him to respond, and also directed questions on the provenance of the elephants from Namsai to Anant Ambani. This story will be updated when they reply. “With respect to elephants, all transfers up to 1 April 2023 have been scrutinised by a Supreme Court High Powered Committee,” Greens wrote in its email response. “Since that date, an elephant is housed at our facility only with the permission or approval from this committee, which is headed by a retired Supreme Court of India judge, highest functionaries from the Environment Divisions of the Central and respective State Governments, and experts. Elephants are sheltered at our facility only after due permissions.” “WE HAVE RESCUED all these elephants from some kind of trauma,” Anant Ambani told India Today when he took the television channel on a tour of Vantara in February. “Mainly from circuses, begging, parades, logging and timber industry, and from mahouts who cannot afford to keep them.” Earlier, in June 2022, Tam told the media that the state government had reviewed all necessary documents before allowing elephants to be moved from its jurisdiction to Gujarat. Activists and news reports, however, have challenged these claims. In 2022, activists in Tripura, also in the Indian Northeast, went to court to challenge the transfer to the Trust of 23 elephants from Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh. In response, the High Court of Tripura set up the high-powered committee under the retired Supreme Court judge Deepak Verma, and asked it to study whether the Trust can house these captive elephants for “lifelong care”. In its report, the HPC lavished praise on the Trust, said the 23 elephants had not been obtained through commercial transactions, and asserted that local temperatures at Jamnagar were not too hot for elephants – a claim subsequently contested by activists. Despite the elephants being housed inside the refinery complex, the HPC report did not allude to local air quality or other possible risk factors arising from proximity to such a facility. Taking the High Court’s order as its terms of reference, the HPC also did not explore whether wildlife welfare should be entrusted to private individuals, or compare the Trust with other wildlife rescue centres, including those closer to Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura. Instead, the HPC asked the Trust to ramp up its capacity for taking in rescued elephants. Even as the HPC worked on its report, the Supreme Court stepped in to extend the HPC’s “jurisdiction and scope … throughout the territory of India.” With that, any complaint about an elephant in extremis anywhere in the country goes to the HPC – which, activists told me, usually directs the animal to Jamnagar. Three animal-rights organisations – People for Animals (Goa), the Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisations and the Centre for Research on Animal Rights – wrote to Verma in April 2023 asking the HPC to announce the process it will be following each time it receives an application for transfer, and saying its decisions should be open to public scrutiny. I wrote to Verma asking for clarifications. The counsel for the HPC replied on behalf of Verma to say, “HPC is indeed dutybound to the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, however it is under no obligation to answer any media inquiries.” Meanwhile, local media in the Northeast has reported claims that middlemen are paying to get elephants for the Trust. The local in Namsai added that his area had a middleman. In tandem, he added, the price of elephants is rising. “The going rate for elephants was between 15 and 20 lakh rupees,” he told me. “It’s between 25 and 30 lakhs now.” Some of the elephants being procured, he said, are captive local animals. Others are being brought in from Assam, purportedly for work, but sold once in Namsai. “While being sold, however, these are shown as elephants from Arunachal,” he said. A third set of elephants, he said, are wild-caught sub- adults. “Herds are being separated near the border, and then the sub-adults are chased into Arunachal near Jairampur.” There they are tamed, he said, and held pending the completion of paperwork. Greens’ emailed reply said, “We vehemently deny the allegation of payment for Elephants … We categorically refute any allegations of financial impropriety related to elephants or any other animals.” It added that there have been numerous “baseless, frivolous, and whimsical allegations made against us since 2022,” which “have been thoroughly examined by various Indian courts. Time and again, these courts have found no evidence or merit in such claims.” In the past too, as in depositions before the High Court of Tripura, Reliance’s lawyers have described such charges as “fanciful allegations made without any supporting material whatsoever.” It is true that no one has seen videos of elephants being captured and the same elephants then being loaded onto a truck bound for Jamnagar. At the same time, several elephants have been registered (and microchipped) late in life, some of them have wounds resembling those typically incurred while taming wild elephants, and, instead of doing DNA testing, the Arunachal Pradesh government has relied on affidavits from owners to certify sub-adults as captive-born. I directed questions to Anant Ambani about these patterns. This story will be updated when he replies. There is also the repeated procurement of elephants for Jamnagar from Namsai, and from Arunachal Pradesh more generally. “Namsai is home to the Khamti tribe,” an Indian Forest Service officer from Arunachal Pradesh said. “Their main profession is elephant capture and training. Anyone who wants an elephant will tell them. They catch and give.” In addition, this region, around the towns of Tinsukia and Dibrugarh, is also home to an industry of elephant traffickers. Veteran elephant traffickers like Munna Khan and Mumtaz Siddiqui hail from here. Arunachal Pradesh, as Hisarwala has written, is the only state still handing out private ownership papers for elephants – even as a case over the legality of gifting elephants is pending before the Supreme Court. “On the face of it, everything is legal,” a senior forest officer in eastern Assam said. “The chips match. There is an ambulance with these animals. They have the ownership certificate and the transfer permit. But they are not able to prove maternity.” The only way to settle this question, he said, is DNA testing. “The DNA of all elephants at Jamnagar should be collected – and tested against that of the captive elephants in this country. There should be a hundred-percent match. Any young elephant whose DNA doesn’t match cannot be captive-born.” In the meantime, Assam has stepped up vigilance of its elephant herds. “We have 6000 wild elephants,” said the forest officer. “Patrols accompany our elephant herds but we have now told our guards to monitor more granularly. It’s not enough to keep an eye on the herd. We have to know how many sub- adults each has.” ## 3: Anant’s Ark ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2012.jpeg.webp?itok=v52HuO9t\\"/)Illustration by Mika Tennekoon; images from IMAGO/NurPhoto and Wikimedia Commons. OF COURSE it is not just elephants. In communications – whether social, like the invite for the pre-wedding celebration, or official, like representations to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) – Vantara has been described as a shelter for wild animals in extremis. The media statement released during Anant Ambani’s announcement of Vantara says: “Vantara has also taken part in foreign rescue missions in countries like Mexico, Venezuela etc. It recently brought in several big animals answering a call from Central American zoo authorities.” This assertion has been echoed by others: the HPC report, for instance, says the Trust has “rescued Tigers from foreign countries during Pandemic (sic).” But were all the 3889 birds and animals from 134 species that Greens reported having as of March 2023 – up from 1873 in 2021–22 and 68 in 2020–21 – in extremis? With the exception of elephants, endangered species cannot be privately owned in India. And so, Greens and the Trust have sourced these birds and animals from other sources. Greens’ emailed reply said, “Animals are accepted at our facilities solely from recognised zoos, rescue centres, conservation breeding centres, statutory governmental departments, and elephant owners registered as per the provisions of the Wild Life Protection Act.” Greens’ 2022–23 annual report points to numerous sourcing channels. One is from private entities – like the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust in Tamil Nadu, in southern India, the Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots in Germany, and Mexico’s Fauna Zoo de Mexico. A second channel is from state- owned zoos, like Sakkarbaug Zoo in the Gujarati city of Junagadh and the Assam State Zoo in Guwahati, which have transferred some of their stock to Jamnagar. A third channel, also from state-owned zoos, involves some zoos sending exotic species seized while they were being trafficked. A fourth channel is from state forest departments, which send wildlife ensnared in human–animal conflict to Jamnagar. Within these arrangements, claims of rescue need a closer look. TAKE THE 857 marsh crocodiles, or muggers, at Greens. The animals, from a threatened species indigenous to the Subcontinent, were sourced from the MCBT. The organisation, set up in 1976 after the Tamil Nadu state government asked the herpetologist Rom Whitaker to run a breeding and release programme for crocodiles to boost their numbers in the wild, has been struggling ever since an Indian government order in 1994 stopped the wild release of captive-born crocodiles. By 2020, the MCBT, which had started with 30 muggers, had seen their numbers rise to 1820. “We had surplus animals we were trying desperately to give away,” the person closely associated with the MCBT said, on condition of anonymity. Sometime between 2019 and 2020, the person added, Whitaker reached out to Anant Ambani. “At that time, all Reliance had was the land and about 50 elephants.” After Whitaker met Ambani, the latter “was very keen on the idea. After seeing the area available, it was decided to move a thousand crocodiles after the enclosure is prepared.” In 2022, the crocodiles began to be moved. “The animals were moved in batches,” a former official at the MCBT, who asked not to be identified, said. “Reliance provided air-conditioned trucks. The team at the MCBT packed these individuals.” Gradually, over the year, 850 muggers were moved. The former official praised the enclosure built for the crocodiles at Jamnagar, calling it world-class. “They are all happy crocs,” he said, adding that he was relieved since, for a couple of decades, the MCBT had been “pretty desperate”. Greens is also trying to obtain, in partnership with the privately-owned Ostok Sanctuary in Mexico, 60 hippos from Colombia. These animals have a chequered past. Brought to Colombia from Africa in the late 1980s by the cocaine baron Pablo Escobar, four hippos escaped from his country estate in 1993. They went feral, living and breeding in the Magdalena River. Their number now stands at 150 – the largest population of hippos outside Africa. Declared invasive in 2022, they were set to be culled before Greens and Ostok intervened. Jamnagar also now hosts a reported 250 big cats rescued from Mexico. Most of these animals were seized in 2022 from the Black Jaguar-White Tiger Foundation, a self-styled rescue and rehabilitation centre founded by the businessman Eduardo Serio. Black Jaguar-White Tiger charged stiff fees from anyone who wanted to pet big cats – and, as critics like the animal-rights organisation PETA have said, bred and trafficked them as well. In 2022, Serio’s foundation was shut down after distressing footage emerged of starving, emaciated animals that had, in some cases, begun eating themselves. Greens stepped in to offer them a new home. With the crocodiles from the MCBT, Colombia’s cocaine hippos and the big cats from Black Jaguar-White Tiger, it is easy to see Greens’ interventions as acts of rescue. Elsewhere, things might not be as clear cut. In its annual report for 2022–23, Greens lists the zoos and other institutions it has obtained its birds and animals from. These include private organisations from outside India – Fauna Zoo de Mexico; Al Busan Zoological Centre in the United Arab Emirates; Kangaroo Animals Shelter, also in the UAE; the Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots in Germany; and Animal Farm Guyana Zoo, in the South American country of Guyana. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2013.png.webp?itok=pCKeu6Cm\\"/)Image courtesy of Himal Southasian. Unlike the MCBT, which is a conservation organisation set up to run a state- sanctioned breed-and-release programme, Fauna Zoo de Mexico, Al Busan Zoological Centre, the Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots (ACTP), Kangaroo Animals Shelter and Animal Farm Guyana Zoo are private firms. Registered under the ownership of Mary Linda Quezada Libien, Fauna Zoo de Mexico has supplied animals to the likes of Eduardo Serio, the founder of the Black Jaguar-White Tiger Foundation. Mary Linda Quezada Libien’s name also shows up on Trademo, a supply-chain website tracking global shipments, as one of the principal suppliers to Greens. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2014.jpg.webp?itok=Twk9zPAw\\"/)A bill from Fauna Zoo de Mexico which describes it as an importer and exporter. Image courtesy of Himal Southasian. I could not find an Al Busan Zoological Centre in the UAE. There is, however, an Al Bustan Zoological Centre in the country. This, too, is a privately-owned breeding centre, with an interest in “endangered, exotic and endemic” species. (I asked Greens to clarify if Al Busan and Al Bustan Zoological Centre are the same. This story will be updated when it responds.) ACTP is a privately-owned breeding centre as well. As multiple investigations have shown, it has almost cornered the world’s supply of some highly endangered parrot species, and its business model remains opaque. As noted in one report, “How many birds are bred versus collected or sold nobody knows, because ACTP does not publicly disclose its finances or structure.” Kangaroo Animals Shelter is also a live-animal exporter. Its biggest clients, according to Trademo, are Greens and the Radhe Krishna Trust. Animal Farm Guyana Zoo is also a wildlife exporter. India signed on to CITES, which regulates the international wildlife trade to protect species under threat, in 1976. CITES divides species into three appendices according to their risk of extinction. Commercial trade is completely prohibited for birds and animals in Appendix 1, which lists species under the greatest threat, except when dealing with commercial breeders registered under and compliant with CITES. Among the birds and animals Greens sourced from the five private organisations outside India, roughly a dozen species are listed under Appendix 1. None of these firms, however, shows up in the CITES list of registered captive breeders. According to a wildlife-crime researcher, there is only one permitted route for acquiring Appendix 1 species from non-CITES breeders: through non-commercial transactions for non-commercial purposes. “All international rescue efforts are of help to animals in need or help in their conservation,” Greens’ emailed reply said, adding that all animals “received from facilities abroad are on a non-commercial basis, with prior confirmation from CITES Management and statutory authorities of both countries.” According to the wildlife-crime researcher, in September 2023 Greens also sought permission from India’s environment ministry to source a whopping 531 animals – including 50 hybrid lions, 40 hybrid tigers, 40 cheetahs, 10 servals and 20 giraffes – from Akwaaba Lodge and Predator Park, a privately-owned wildlife park in South Africa. Akwaaba, set up by a South African of Indian descent named Naseer Ahmed Cajee, is part of South Africa’s infamous captive- bred lion industry. Unfair Game, a 2020 book on this industry, describes Akwaaba as a “supplier of big cats to the canned hunting industry and to the illegal tiger and lion bone industry.” The book shows that captive-lion farms are foul inventions, and periodically source animals from the wild. Every stage of a big cat’s life is monetised. After being offered to be petted as cubs and being shown off on lion walks, lions are then killed in canned hunting, where trophy hunters shoot a cat trapped in an enclosure. After death, their bones, skin and flesh are all sold. Shortly after the transfer of its animals to Greens, Akwaaba downed shutters. In response to questions, Cajee said his organisation “operated as a park and [was] not in the business of animals for commercial purposes.” He added that Akwaaba had slipped into losses when tourism, a key income source, was decimated by the Covid-19 pandemic, and was no longer able to maintain its animals. To save them, Cajee said, and since he feared the prospect of South Africa banning the captive-lion industry, he had reached out to Greens. He added that the transaction was CITES compliant. “We have rescued animals from all across, from hunting lodges in South Africa and other places,” Anant Ambani told the press in February. I asked Greens how it ensures these animals are not wild-caught, and how it ensures that the entities it sources from will not go on to acquire more wildlife to replenish the animals they send on. Greens replied, “Our organisation is strongly opposed to any disturbance of wildlife, whether its illegal trade, poaching or targeted destruction of habitat.” At least one of Greens’ international transactions has been accused of violating CITES norms. This involves the Spix’s macaw, one of the world’s rarest birds and an Appendix 1 species. By the mid-1990s, this blue-coloured macaw had vanished from its wild habitat in Brazil, mainly due to illegal trade fed by demand from private collectors. The number of individuals in captivity dropped perilously low as well – just 39 were left by 1996. Today, that number stands at 204, almost all of them with the Association for the Conservation of Threatened Parrots. In 2020, 52 of these 204 were flown from ACTP’s German base to Brazil, which is trying to reintroduce the species into their native habitat. In 2022–23, however, ACTP shipped 26 individuals to Greens – along with eight vulnerable St Vincent Amazons and four endangered Lear’s macaws. It was a puzzling decision: with precious few specimens of the Spix’s macaw in existence and a reintroduction programme underway in Brazil, why were 26 birds sent to a region that is not a natural habitat for them – exposing an endangered species to a unfamiliar climate – and, to boot, to a centre at the world’s biggest petrochemical refinery? Before a key CITES meeting in November 2023, a group of wildlife conservation NGOs raised a complaint over potential violations of CITES norms in various transfers involving ACTP, including those to Greens, which had been cleared by European authorities. At the meeting, ACTP and Greens justified the transfer stating the latter is setting up a conservation breeding centre. But Brazil’s delegation submitted that the country “had never approved the transfer of specimens” to Jamnagar, and pointed out that Greens “doesn’t formally participate in the Spix’s Macaw Population Management programme developed by the Brazilian government.” Any Spix’s macaw currently in the possession of international breeders, it said, must be sent “primarily to institutions located in Brazil, the country of their origin and from where the species was illegally removed … Any need to fragment the species for ‘risk diversification’ should prioritize sending it to institutions in Brazil, which are fully capable of implementing the management programme of the species.” When I asked ACTP about this, its founder, Martin Guth, replied that the organisation was working “to mitigate the biosecurity risk faced by ACTP in its entire inventory being situated in one facility and to create a facility for housing a second reserve population.” The Spix’s macaws have been loaned to Greens as part of the breeding programme, Guth explained, and remain “in the management program for Spix’s macaw” under ACTP. He emphasised that there is “no commercial purpose or transaction for the same.” Guth also said that, in 2022, ACTP had run its plans by ICMBio – the administrative arm of the Brazilian environment ministry, which he described as the competent authority in this case – and received its consent. Following the NGOs’ complaint, he said, “a department of the Brazilian government, not ICMbio, … released a statement in light of the above statements” at the CITES meeting. After discussions, Guth maintained, the Brazilian delegation dropped its concerns. “All the critics have an agenda to keep themselves relevant and secure funding,” he added. “ACTP stands for conservation of threatened parrots and it will continue to conserve.” Guth said that “ACTP takes strong except (sic) to the slanderous language of it being coined a breeder selling to wealthy collectors. This demeans the whole of ACTP. Ask yourself this question, which breeder in the world has released such a large number of near extinct birds back in the wild and has another release planned.” Greens, too, said it had established a “breeding loan agreement” with ACTP that was “executed with the approval of the relevant Brazilian department.” At the CITES meeting, it added, “the uninformed stand of another Brazilian Department that you have quoted out of context was clarified by German and EU CITES Management Authorities, effectively closing the matter.” Greens said it has also stated publicly to CITES that “we are working for the conservation of endangered species and are executing breeding programs under which the animals (including Spix’s Macaws) would be released back in their natural habitat.” “If ACTP was moving species to not have them all in one place, it should have moved them closer to the country of origin,” the wildlife-crime researcher said. “Reintroduction would be easier that way. Why did they choose India – that too, an arid state and near a refinery?” Guth said ACTP had chosen to work with Greens because it offered some of the best facilities and experts in the world. IN THE LAST five years, Jimmy Borah has seen the illegal wildlife trade in the Indian Northeast change in radical ways. Until 2018, most of the trade used to originate in India and flow out to countries like Myanmar, China and Vietnam. There was very little smuggling into India. “That flow has reversed now,” said the senior manager at Aaranyak, a Guwahati-based NGO working on deterring the illegal wildlife trade. “By 2022–23, we had seen 20-22 cases where exotics came into India.” Most of these, he said, entered India through Moreh in the state of Manipur and Champhai in the state of Mizoram, both of which abut Myanmar. The species being trafficked have also changed as well. “In the past, people came in with things like pangolin scales, etcetera,” Borah said. “Now, we have kangaroos, reptiles, birds and primates from South-East Asia and Latin America coming in.” And it is not old smuggling networks bringing these animals in. New supply chains have emerged, and how they work is different as well. “In the past, we got information in exchange for money,” the environment ministry official working in the Northeast said. “With these exotics, informers no longer ask for money. They just tell us where the shipment can be found. We go and catch them.” Once caught, these birds and animals are sent to the nearest state-owned zoo – usually in Guwahati, in the case of Assam, or in Aizawl, in the case of Mizoram. Smaller zoos, whenever unable to house these captures, also forward seized specimens to Guwahati. What happens next is another recent change. “Most of these ‘rescued’ animals … land in the Assam State Zoo and from there (are) relocated to Jamnagar,” the Assam-based RTI activist Dilip Nath told NE Now. He also alluded to a “sudden rise” in wildlife rescues. “The exotics reaching Guwahati are in a bad shape,” the senior animal-care staffer at the Trust said. “They have been in a crate, and on the road, all the way through Burma, starting from farther away yet.” These animals are “stabilised” at the Guwahati zoo, he explained, and then sent on to Jamnagar. These claims are echoed by other activists and wildlife officials. “Guwahati zoo tells the state forest department it cannot look after these animals,” the environment ministry official said. “After that, the state government says it knows a facility which can look after these – Greens. That is how these birds and animals have been moved.” I asked about this in my questions to Anant Ambani via Greens. I also sent questions to M K Yadava, the Chief Wildlife Warden of Assam until April last year. This story will be updated when they respond. ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2015.png.webp?itok=41p6giBI\\"/)Image courtesy of Himal Southasian. In 2022–23 alone, the Assam State Zoo sent 64 reptiles and mammals to Jamnagar, as listed in Greens’ annual report. With the exception of two rhinos, none of the other animals – all from rare and endangered species – show up in the Guwahati zoo’s inventory for 2021–22. Does this mean the zoo received these animals in 2022–23 and sent them to Jamnagar in the same year? Three species on the list turn up in news reports on a seizure on 19 October 2022, when Assam forest officials found 13 exotic primates in Cachar district. A report from ANI quotes the divisional forest officer saying, “We have recovered 7 Moor Macaque, five Lesser Spot Nosed Guenon and one Debrazza’s monkey species.” All of them, said the officer, would be sent to the Guwahati zoo. Greens’ annual report records the arrival just 19 days later, on 7 November 2022, of one De Brazza’s monkey, four lesser spot-nosed guenons, and eight Moor macaques from the Guwahati zoo. A senior official in Assam’s forest department said these transfers have been sanctioned by Yadava. A former director of the Assam State Zoo, who spoke on condition of anonymity, added that the number of transfers from the zoo has increased in recent years. I wrote to Yadava asking if the transferred primates were the same individuals that had been seized. I also asked him about the origins of the other 51 birds and animals sent to Jamnagar – and if exotics had been sent to any other zoo. This story will be updated when he responds. “To check trafficking, zoos have to show the origins of every bird and animal they house,” the environment ministry official working in the Northeast said. “When trafficked species are first sent to Guwahati, a paper trail gets created for them.” From there, it is easy for any private collector to say these animals came from a state zoo. In its reply, Greens said, “We do not treat animals as commodities, nor do we engage in any commercial trading involving animals. We also do not engage with animals living in the wild. We exclusively provide support and assistance to captive animals owned or possessed by registered zoos or similar organisations.” The Guwahati zoo is not the only state-owned zoo sending wildlife to Greens. In 2020–21, through seven transactions, Greens received 60 leopards from Junagadh’s Sakkarbaug Zoo – in addition to two from Guwahati. The following year, it reported a total of 51 wildlife transactions, which included another 51 leopards from Sakkarbaug. In addition, it also sourced birds and animals from the customs department of Maharashtra, the Maharashtra forest department, Dhauladhar Nature Park in Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland Zoological Park, and the National Zoological Park at Delhi. Greens’ reply said, “Animals entrusted to us by enforcement agencies are housed only until the conclusion of the relevant legal proceedings or until repatriation proceedings by the authorities are concluded.” In 2022–23, Greens listed a total of 160 transactions where it received wildlife. A subset of these involved birds and animals from state zoos in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Nagaland. In India, zoos can exchange animals. The annual reports of zoos like those in Guwahati and Aizawl, for instance, list the animals these institutions have given and received. Several of these transactions are direct swaps. Others are three-way swaps: A gives to B, who gives to C, who gives to A. Greens, however, has only received shipments. It has not sent any birds or animals out in exchange. How this is possible is made clear in a letter from Greens’ director, Brij Kishor Gupta, to Mercy Bella, the director cum conservator of forest at the Nandanvan Jungle Safari in Naya Raipur, in the state of Chhattisgarh. Writing on 30 July 2023, Gupta says it has come to Greens’ notice that Nandanvan Jungle Safari has “surplus” sloth bears and four-horned antelopes, or chousinghas. He continues, “You are requested to kindly convey your consent for providing sloth bear … in the ratio 1:1 and four-horned antelope … in the ratio 2:2 which are surplus with your zoo and you will spare with GZRRC, Jamnagar” – that is, Greens Zoological, Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre. Gupta also writes, “Most of the animals in the GZRRC is (sic) being housed in the Rescue Centre and we are not allowed to give on exchange with other zoos. However, we have Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds that can be made available for the jungle safari.” ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2016.jpg.webp?itok=mCR8ZSNj\\"/) ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2017.jpg.webp?itok=k9-hpYqG\\"/) Letter from Greens to Nandanvan Jungle Safari in Chhattisgarh offering CSR funds in exchange for transfer of “surplus” animals. Images courtesy of Himal Southasian. Similar arrangements are apparent elsewhere. The Guwahati zoo, for instance, sent black panthers, and received two Isuzu vehicles in turn. Can all these transfers be considered rescues? For instance, Sakkarbaug Zoo sent 101 leopards to Jamnagar between March 2021 and March 2023. Why did it have so many captive leopards? Were they unwell? Had they attacked humans or livestock? Gir National Park, some 200 kilometres from Jamnagar, “has an extraordinary number of leopards and lions,” a retired forest officer in Gujarat said. “It has about 700-800 leopards. In all, there will be about 1400 big cats. Some of these cats are now being sent to Jamnagar.” India does have hundreds of trapped leopards kept in awful conditions, and many natural habitats where, especially as forests shrink, human–animal conflict continues to rise. A clutch of states, however, have learnt to minimise the fallouts – some have announced fresh protected areas, others have introduced early warning systems and prompt compensation for livestock lost to wildlife. The alternative response, instead of doing the hard work of protecting forests and wildlife, is to label animals as “surplus” or “problems” and trap them. In the past, as biologists like Vidya Athreya have found, these animals have been released elsewhere. Now, they are being sent to Jamnagar. Take Gajraj. In November 2020, this male tusker and his small group – two adult females and two sub-adults – was relocated to Botezari, a remote forest camp in Tadoba, in the state of Maharashtra, after complaints of human–elephant conflict. The elephants seemed to be settling down fine, but, in December 2021, they were all sent to Jamnagar. “There is nothing wrong with a wild elephant being aggressive,” a Bengaluru-based biologist said. “Why did the male tusker need to be moved?” Just as pertinently, why were the two females and two sub-adults moved as well? When I contacted Sunil Limaye, the CWW of the state at that time, to ask for clarification, he told me to approach the office of the serving CWW of Maharashtra. This approach not only consigns animals to a life in captivity – and weakens wild gene pools – it also allows forest officials to ignore the worsening health of the ecosystems they are meant to protect. “What about snow leopards?” asked a wildlife-trafficking researcher based in northern India. “Can you rehabilitate them like this?” ## 4: Money has the Power ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2018.jpeg.webp?itok=zzTA9fFa\\"/)Illustration by Mika Tennekoon; images from IMAGO/NurPhoto and Wikimedia Commons. “WE ASKED THEM this: Why set up a zoo in Jamnagar?” said an elephant-rights activist who visited Vantara. “The answer was that we control this land.” There is no disputing that. In October, I headed to Gujarat to see for myself. Jamnagar is located near the coast on the Kathiawar peninsula, which thrusts out into the Arabian Sea. Skirting around the city, I headed south-west, through a flat and relatively featureless landscape, towards Reliance’s gigantic refinery complex. This is good farming land, a farmer told me, asking not to be identified. “It has two rivers, three dams, the land is such that it can produce three crops,” he said. But there is little farming here. Most of the local land is owned by Reliance, he explained, and it continues to buy up more. With the towers of the petrochemical plant looming in the distance, we stood beside a tall boundary wall topped with barbed wire. Looking through an open gate, we saw a tract that looked no different from the land outside. They are expanding the zoo, the farmer said. The flank of the compound wall before us was just two kilometres or so long. At its end stood a Reliance-branded petrol pump, and beyond that another compound with a similar wall. That was the zoo. Further on, past the zoo compound, was a gate to the refinery complex itself. A dirt track running in the other direction led to fields abutting a reservoir. Standing on the near shore, the hulk of Reliance’s butyl rubber factory reared up on our left. Across the water was a long shed with a red roof: Greens. What is taking shape behind these walls? Rescue centres come into play in specific circumstances, the Bengaluru-based biologist said. “They tend to wounded or infirm individuals from captivity, and the very young if the mother is not able to look after it.” In the case of free-ranging wild animals which have been captured, he said, the rescue centre should be in its habitat to increase its chances of being released into the wild – and, ergo, should focus on local species.” Animals like Gajraj, however, are being pulled out of the forest and trucked far away to Jamnagar. Greens’ emailed response said “animals that are part of our conservation breeding programme are intended to be released back into their natural habitats and endemic locations, in accordance with current regulations.” However, it added, “By law, animals in rescue centres, especially exotic animals that are not endemic, cannot be released back into the wild. Furthermore, other animals cannot be randomly reintroduced. Numerous scientific considerations must be taken into account.” In cases “where we are called to provide assistance in man-wild conflicts or accidents, complete priority is given to the consideration of re-release.” IN JUST FOUR YEARS, Vantara has gone from about 50 elephants, in the words of the person closely associated with the MCBT, to a trust, a zoo, a gigantic assemblage of endangered species, and a workforce of 2700 managing it all. (While reporting, I learnt that there are actually two trusts: the Radhe Krishna Trust, which is headed by employees of Reliance, and the Khodiyar Animal Welfare Trust. Some of the job offers to Vantara employees were made through this trust.) How did Vantara scale up so quickly? In just four years, not only did it secure administrative permissions and build its campuses, it also figured out it could get Spix’s macaws from ACTP, elephants from Namsai, hippos from Colombia, orangutans from the UAE, sakis from Guyana. Apart from market knowhow, there is also a question of logistics here. Take the elephants. Donors had to be found, the necessary paperwork and sometimes even microchipping had to be sorted out. Elephants had to be housed and cared for while the preparations to move them came together, and then convoys had to be arranged. Vets are a part of this ecosystem as well – some help with microchipping, others accompany elephants to Jamnagar. Obviously this has all taken money, often huge sums of it. But it has also required certain key personnel and extraordinary access to government systems. Vantara’s CEO is Vivaan Karani. Greens is headed by Brij Kishor Gupta, who, at least as late as 14 February 2019, was working at the CZA as a monitoring and evaluation officer. On that day, after a meeting of the CZA’s Expert Group on Zoo Design on 29 January 2019, he wrote to the member-secretary of the CZA, “It is submitted that we may communicate the approval … to the Zoo Operator to establish the Greens Zoological Rescue and Rehabilitation Kingdom at Jamnagar, Gujarat.” Gupta left the CZA and joined Greens as its director later that year. I emailed Gupta to ask if there was any conflict of interest in his involvement in the approval for Greens shortly before he joined the organisation. This story will be updated when he responds. The CZA’s member- secretary, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, replied to emailed questions to say that the approval process to establish a zoo involves various committees and Gupta’s remarks had not been decisive – and, hence, that there had been no conflict of interest. When it comes to the government, it is guilty of sins of both omission and commission. A series of lapses have brought the country’s biodiversity to a dire point where privatising its management can be pitched as an answer. Forest departments are underfunded and understaffed, as are zoos. Forests have been allowed to shrink – Gadchiroli, from where elephants were sent to Jamnagar, is seeing an expansion of mining – resulting in animals moving out of the forest and coming into conflict with humans. Elsewhere, projects like roads and rail- tracks continue to split forests into smaller chunks. The government fails to take steps to protect elephant corridors, even though those would ameliorate human–elephant conflict. The country lacks mobile rescue clinics, training centres for wildlife rescue are scarce. As are funds for state-owned rescue centres. “Project Elephant wanted rescue centres for elephants in every state,” the environment ministry official in the Northeast said. “Only Kerala built one. In 2011, Assam wanted to build one, not just for elephants but other species too.” Five places were short-listed, but nothing moved thereafter. Implementing DNA testing for elephants continues to be a big problem as well. “Not one lab in the Northeast can do DNA testing,” the environment ministry official said. “All samples have to go to the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology in Hyderabad.” In March 2024, the government issued updated transfer rules that state no elephant can change hands unless its DNA profile has been registered with the environment ministry. The implications of this remain to be seen. The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau continues to struggle with rampant understaffing. Its office for the Northeast has just five people tasked with covering seven states. “There is no country director for the last one year,” the environment ministry official told me in September 2023. “The post of the Eastern Region head, usually filled by an IFS officer on deputation, is vacant as well. This, despite the region being such a critical location in terms of elephant and wildlife trafficking.” Such omissions are long-standing, as many of the government’s sins of commission are too. But since 2019, the pace and scale of the latter has sharply grown. The BJP government’s Covid-time amnesty for owners of exotics violated CITES. And it has weakened the WLPA. When Greens replied saying it had not found any WLPA provision that was weakened or gave it any advantage, it also said that “the amnesty scheme is unrelated to our organisations; it saw over 50,000 pet owners registering themselves and their animals.” Despite the CZA authorising Greens to house only 52 leopards, Shyamal Tikadar, the Chief Wildlife Warden of Gujarat at the time, gave it approval to keep 229 leopards, as per Green’s annual report covering the period through March 2023. As the deal with Akwaaba shows, that number has only increased since. Tikadar declined to meet and did not reply to questions seeking clarifications. I also wrote to Nityanand Srivastava, the serving Chief Wildlife Warden for Gujarat. This story will be updated when he responds. Shukla, of the CZA, said, “Animal collection plan is as per the carrying capacity of the zoo and availability of housing, expertise man power, veterinary health care, nutrition, enrichment, etc.” He added that Green’s location at Jamnagar had been “allowed as per the regulations. Housing of the animals is as per the approved layout which is not situated inside refinery.” I also sent questions to Bhupender Yadav, India’s environment minister. This story will be updated when he responds. Arunachal Pradesh has been sending elephants to the Trust without vetting their antecedents. Uttarakhand, too, has sent elephants to Jamnagar. Assam has sent animals from its zoos. Maharashtra, a wildlife activist said, is using human–elephant conflict to label wild elephants as “aggressive”, and these animals are then captured and transported to the Trust. Gujarat does not send surplus lions to other states but has been willing to send leopards to a private facility. It has also outsourced to Vantara the running of the state zoo at Kevadia, which has seen a spate of deaths among exotic species. “They will privatise everything,” the lawyer Anand Yagnik said. “First land, then animals, and then forests.” ACCORDING TO NEWS reports on Vantara, the diet for its elephants includes khichdi and jaggery laddoos – a point meant to impress the public with the exceptional care provided. “The elephants also get bananas from the Caribbean and apples from New Zealand,” the animal-care staffer said. “But, in the forest, they eat some 300 different types of leaves, grasses and browses. When their stomach is in a mess, elephants self-medicate.” While captive elephants in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh have access to this variety of vegetation, the ones at Jamnagar do not. Then, there is the question of the Jamnagar heat, and of crowding. “Do you know how much land is needed for one thousand elephants,” the Dehradun-based biologist asked. “The whole of Rajaji National Park and Corbett Tiger Reserve, which has about one thousand elephants, covers 3000-4000 square kilometres.” Elephants, she pointed out, do not like to live in high densities. “It is not comfortable for them.” Questions also hang over the animals’ future. The HPC inquired into the financial viability of the Trust, and in its report proclaimed itself satisfied. Anant Ambani has said these wildlife operations will be run as a non-profit venture. And yet, elephants can live as long as 70 years. One reason wildlife is typically entrusted to the state is because it is usually more long-lived than private enterprises. “What will happen to these animals when these people are gone?” the Bengaluru-based wildlife biologist asked. This is not an idle concern. The Black Jaguar-White Tiger Foundation and Akwaaba ran into trouble after they hit a cash shortfall. At the former, the animals starved. Here, another recent amendment to the WLPA comes into play. It says Schedule 1 animals born in captivity will be treated as Appendix 2 or Appendix 3 animals – meaning, in effect, that they can be bred and sold outside the country. “My fear is that this might become a huge animal-trafficking site,” the wildlife- trafficking researcher based in northern India said. Greens’ stated in its emailed response, “It is important to clarify that none of our organisations were, are, or will ever be breeding farms.” Alok Hisarwala wrote in his letter to wildlife officials in Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh that old elephant-trafficking networks are coming back to life. In the short-term, the animal-care staffer at the Trust feared, owners “might unload older elephants on Reliance and replace them with fresh-caught ones.” He added, “If they want to keep taking elephants, the number of wild- caught elephants will keep rising.” “If that happens, that is heartbreaking,” said a Dehradun-based biologist. “Elephants are very intelligent animals. They have complex social systems.” When a wild elephant is caught, all these social systems break down. “There is the calves’ trauma at being separated from their mothers and the herd, the trauma of the capture itself” – and then the alien environment of Jamnagar. At the very least, said another elephant-rights activist, Vantara should have taken an undertaking from donors that they will not replace elephants being given to the Trust. After the WLPA came into force, in the early 1970s, “the government ran awareness campaigns about the species in which trade was allowed – and the ones in which trade wasn’t,” the wildlife-trafficking researcher said. “Trade in harmless species was allowed, while others saw crackdowns.” With that, “Instead of driving the trade underground, India nudged communities and businesses dependent on this trade into harmless species. Trade came down, and they were not left marginalised either.” Now, with elephants and other species, all of this is being lost. Demand for endangered and exotic species has been rising in India over the past five years. “Appendix 1 animals are being freely traded,” the wildlife-trafficking researcher said. “The market for exotic threatened species is especially booming. Endangered birds like hornbills and toucans, which cost between Rs 400,000 to Rs 500,000, can be sold in India for as much as Rs 30 lakh to Rs 40 lakh.” The senior official in Assam’s forest department said demand for temple elephants is rising as well. “In the past, most demand for elephants used to come from temples in the south,” he told me. “Tamil Nadu and Karnataka wanted female elephants. Kerala wanted tuskers. But now, temples from Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan also want to keep elephants.” ![\\"\\"](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/orig_optimized/public/inline- images/the%20costs%20of%20reliance%2019.png.webp?itok=SlebnfUs\\"/)Film critic Anupama Chopra with a ball python during Anant Ambani’s pre-wedding celebration at Jamnagar. Ball pythons, a near-threatened species, are often targeted by poachers for the exotic pet trade. Image courtesy of Himal Southasian. What the country’s wildlife needs is well known: tighter adherence to environmental laws which protect forests and biodiversity, better-funded state zoos and national parks, more local breeding centres. As a Gujarat forest officer told me, India’s forests face a shortage of wild ungulates. “If you look at India’s 53 tiger reserves, one-third have good prey density; one-third have medium numbers of tigers and prey; and the rest will have low prey and low tigers,” he explained. “In every major state, 400 hectares should be set aside for a breeding centre. The excess population should be released back in the wild. That is what is needed.” With caracals, he continued, “Their population is no more than 400 or 500. We should make a local breeding centre and release them into the wild. The formula has to be different for each species. But breed and release.” As an example, the zoo at Mysuru, in the state of Karnataka, does precisely this. Reliance could have invested heavily in these approaches. “That is one question we asked,” one of the wildlife activists who had visited the Trust said. “Why not upgrade these facilities across the country? And the answer to that, I think, is an obsession with collecting.” Greens’ emailed response said that any description of “our organisations as a ‘collection’ is frivolous, derogatory and ridicules an effort of our organisation, its dedicated staff and personnel that work round the clock for the welfare and conservation of animals.” And yet, India has to reckon with the full costs of this effort, which has brought huge numbers of wildlife to an enormous, privately-owned petrochemical complex, where the Ambanis can even use these animals as the backdrop for a party. ### RELATED CONTENT ### Van Gujjars Help Conserve Forests, but Are Deprived of Rights ![\\"author](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/person_thum/public/2023-10/sushmita.jpg.webp?itok=ON2kLALX\\"/) ![\\"author](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/person_thum/public/2024-02/maheel.jpeg.webp?itok=sPaI0gd4\\"/) Multiple Authors ![\\"The](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/max_90/public/2023-02/Logo%20Background%20Removal-6.png.webp?itok=ZU7kOv5i\\") February 19, 2024 ### Karnataka’s Pavagada Solar Park Fails Locals, India’s Renewable Energy Goals ![\\"author](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/person_thum/public/2023-09/flavia.jpeg.webp?itok=UbKyH6-A\\"/) ![\\"author](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/person_thum/public/2023-09/Pragathi%2BR.jpg.webp?itok=v_xUH76i\\"/) Multiple Authors ![\\"The](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/max_90/public/2022-11/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-07%20at%2012.23.37%20PM.png.webp?itok=Yhn86-JV\\") September 7, 2023 ### Adani’s Acquisitions: Why India Needs To Keep Track of the Costs ![\\"author](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/person_thum/public/2023-08/Rajshekhar.jpg.webp?itok=IdfeLCvh\\"/) M. Rajshekhar Grantee ![\\"File](\\"/sites/default/files/styles/max_90/public/wirelogo.png.webp?itok=hBexZQe0\\") August 26, 2023 ### RELATED TOPICS ![\\"yellow](\\"/sites/default/files/2024-01/Environment%20and%20Climate%20Change_0.png\\") Topic Environment and Climate Change Environment and Climate Change ## Support our work Your support ensures great journalism and education on underreported and systemic global issues DONATE ## Contact 2000 Pennsylvania Ave NW Suite #7000 Washington, DC 20006 (202) 332-0982 [email protected] Follow us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Follow us on Instagram Subscribe to us on YouTube ## Media Requests [email protected] Privacy Policy Sign up for our newsletter Email Address * ✓ Thanks for sharing! AddToAny More… |
Black Friday Azul Linhas Aéreas We are raffling off free national and international tickets for the first participants in our research | 3,322 | Menu Search * Home * Aboutsubmenu * About CWNY * CWNY Board of Directors * Newsletter & E-Blast Archive * Testimonials * In the News * Get Involvedsubmenu * CWNY Membership * Donate Now * Volunteer * Job Opportunities * Resourcessubmenu * All Resources * Helplines * Safety * Women’s Health * Finances * Career & Job * Women’s History * Family * Environmental * Programs & Servicessubmenu * Career Skills Classes * Support Groups * Social Activities * One-On-One Services * ESL Classes * Book Club * Yoga Classes * Gardening Workshops * Eventssubmenu * Calendar * Upcoming Events * Past Events * Photo Gallery * RSVP to Annual Meeting/Election Oct 22 @ 7pm * Supporterssubmenu * Partner Organizations * Sponsors * Professional Member Listing * Contact * * * * * ![\\"Center](\\" content/uploads/2021/10/CWNY_2021_Logo_square_4.png\\") Center for the Women of New York Empowering Women to Achieve Full Equality Since 1987 # Past Events Here are some of the major activities we’ve been up to recently. Be sure to join us for our upcoming programs, services, and events — time flies when you’re having fun! ![\\"\\"](\\" small.png\\") All Programs & Services Upcoming Events Calendar ## Browse by category of program, service, or event: Safety Awareness Financial Literacy Career & Job Women’s Issues Think Tank Health & Fitness Book Club Gardening & Sustainability The Arts Community Engagement CWNY Milestones ## September 26, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Autumnal Equinox” It’s the reason for the seasons. We learned why leaves change colors and its significance to the gardener. ## September 21, 2024: CWNY Hosts Toastmasters Meeting This meeting discussed how to overcome your fear of public speaking and giving presentations. Participants learned skills to help advance their career and even make them a better advocate for women. ## September 20, 2024: Book Club: “Song of a Captive Bird” by Jasmin Darznik ## September 19, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Fall Planting/Garden Harvest” We enjoyed the bounty of our labor this past planting season as we sat around the table and enjoyed our company. ## September 17, 2024: CWNY’S 3rd Annual Food Tasting: “Taste of the World at Fort Totten” ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2024/09/CWNY_TasteOfWorld_2024_narrowbanner_pink_01.png\\") We held our third annual food tasting event on our scenic lawn! 26 local restaurants donated tasting-sized portions of their signature dishes of delicious international food to all our attendees who purchased event tickets. Live music by SANGHA TIERRA BRONZE SPONSORSDelta Airlines, First Central Savings Bank SUPPORTER SPONSORCoran Ober P.C. FRIEND SPONSORDifference Inc. List of participating restaurants:Aegea West • Avo Taco • Bayside Milk Farm • Ben’s • Bourbon Street • Cascon Cheesecake • Empire Kitchen • Greek Islands • Il Bacco • Il Sapore • Marbella • Maria’s • Martha’s Country Bakery • Masala King • Mito • Monahan & Fitzgerald • Munch • One Station Plaza • Picciotto • Riviera Ristorante • Rosa’s Pizza • Sybil’s • Taverna Kyclades • The Cuban • The Monster Crab • Trattoria 35 ## August 29, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Planning the Fall Garden” From seeding to choosing your Fall plants, it was time! ## August 22, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Bees and Honey” Guest instructor, Ruth Harrigan discussed bees and honey. ## August 17, 2024: Queens Boro Dance Festival: Performances at Fort Totten Park CWNY was proud to co-sponsor this free outdoor event of diverse dance performances by multiple Queens-based dance companies. ## August 16, 2024: Book Club: “The Paper Palace” by Miranda Cowley Heller ## August 15, 2024: CWNY Hosts Toastmasters Meeting This meeting discussed how to overcome your fear of public speaking and giving presentations. Participants learned skills to help advance their career and even make them a better advocate for women. ## August 8, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “August Tasks in The Garden” From mulching to watering & pruning we dived deep into gardening in the hot days of August! ## August 1, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All About Pickling” We brought cucumbers & jars, it was Pickling time! We discussed & demonstrated various ways of Pickling cucumbers. ## July 25, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Mulching” To mulch or not to mulch, is that the question? From standard wood chips to bagged mulches, we dived into the world of mulch and its pros and cons of use. ## July 19, 2024: Book Club: “Sisters in Law” by Linda Hirshman ## July 18, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “To Fertilize or Not?” We talked all about fertilizers, the “NPK” nitrogen, phosphorus & potassium, and what they are, why they are needed, and what our garden requires. ## July 11, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Shade Garden” Not all of us have full sun gardens, most are dappled sun. We discussed the beautiful shade garden, what to plant and how to maintain. ## July 8, 2024: Community Baby Shower and Diaper Giveaway Event The Center for the Women of New York participated in Queens Borough President Donovan Richards’ Community Baby Shower in Corona, Queens together with MetroPlus Health and the Queens Family Justice Center. CWNY donated baby clothes and beauty products to hundreds of new mothers at Corona Plaza! We thank the generous support from Thrive Causemetics, Kinnect by Kith, and Thrive’s founder Karissa Bodnar. We thank our interns for their help and it was great to serve families in Corona, Queens! Click here to check out our photos from the event on our Facebook post! ## June 27, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Summer Tasks in the Garden” From mulching to watering to what to plant, we got into how to take care of a garden in the summer. ## June 21, 2024: Book Club: “The 7 Husbands of Evelyn Hugo” by Taylor Jenkins Reid ## June 13, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Let’s Talk Tomatoes” We all love our delicious off the vine tomatoes, but what do you really know about this plant? ## June 3, 2024: Career Workshop Series: “Effective Customer Service Skills” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 06/03/2024 Customer Service Skills” ## May 30, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Let’s discuss Hosta” Most of us gardeners have or know about this green beauty. From planting to the keeping of, we dove deeper into this staple of most gardens! ## May 23, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All about Cucumbers and how to grow them” We all love this crunchy crop, but what do you really know about this fruit? ## May 9, 2024: CWNY Gala 2024 ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2024/04/CWNY_Gala_2024_Banner_2-1024x256.jpg\\") Our Gala is an opportunity for us to celebrate our work and grow our community. ## 2024 Honorees OUTSTANDING LEADERSHIP Donovan Richards Jr. – Queens Borough President Nily Rozic – Assemblywoman WOMAN OF DISTINCTION Karissa Bodnar – Thrive CausemeticsLisa Louis Burton – Zonta International District 3Elizabeth De Jesus – The Cottontail Corner: El Centro PedagógicoSergeant Yadira Reyes – NYPD GOOD GUY AWARD Gene McNamara – Retired NYPD ## Special Performances Music performance by 2Complicated – Catena Vallone, Chris Mecir & Charlie Vallone Dance performance by Danielle Reyes & Ashley RussellPoetry by Dani Queen ## May 9, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Planting time” It was close to Mother’s Day, so it was planting time in our zone. It was time to plant up our transplants and we began the garden! ## May 6, 2024: Career Workshop Series: “Vision Board” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 05/06/2024 Vision Board” ## May 2, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All about Herbs” We planted up a raised bed “kitchen garden”! Basil, Oregano, Rosemary & Thyme were a few Herbs that were discussed & planted. ## April 25, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “**Irrigation for Raised Bed Gardens** ” We discussed various ways of watering our garden. Cost effective and most efficient ways were demonstrated! ## April 24, 2024: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Environmental Injustice” Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Women’s Issues Think Tank 04/24/2024 Environmental Injustice” ## April 18, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Tool Maintenance” Keeping our gardening tools clean and properly sharpened is a must! We showed different ways of sharpening, safety, and tips to keep our tools lasting a long time! ## April 11, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “First Ever Seed Swap” We brought our heirloom, organic, whatever other seeds we wished to share! ## April 8, 2024: Career Workshop Series: “Goal Setting” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 04/08/2024 Goal Setting” ## April 6, 2024: CWNY Wellness Day We hosted a Wellness Day at our Fort Totten Center. We had Strength Training & a Wellness Circle, Spa-like Pampering, and a Book Club Information & Welcome Session ## April 4, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Cool Crops” We discussed cool hardy spring crops to plant in the garden now, beginning with peas! ## March 28, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Spring Container Garden” We filled up some containers with pretty Spring bulbs and flowers. From soil types to watering, we discussed and planted to beautify our Women’s Center! ## March 27, 2024: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Women’s Health & Wellness” Guest Panelists:Jacqueline Diaz, Founder, The Steven Spectrum Career ProjectCarmela Frattasi, National Board Certified Health & Wellness CoachAngelica Marie, Founder & Owner, Valiosa Wellness Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Women’s Issues Think Tank 03/27/2024 Health & Wellness” ## March 21, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Vernal Equinox” Spring has sprung! We prepared the raised garden bed! We learned the type of soil, compost and fertilizer requirements! ## March 16, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Visit to Planting Fields Arboretum and Greenhouse with guest instructor, Gabriela Chrysostomou” ## March 14, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Irish Plants & Fairy Gardens” From Shamrocks to Bells of Ireland, we discussed the contribution of all things from the Green Isle!! To the myths of fairy gardens and the lore surrounding, we had some wee fun! ## March 7, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “March Garden Tasks” We were getting the garden ready, from bulbs to perennials & annuals and seeding! ## March 5 – April 9, 2024: “Free In-Person One-On-One Tax Preparation Assistance” CWNY had multiple sessions of free in-person one-hour tax prep assistance with Kathy Carroll, E.A. on Tuesday afternoons at our two locations in Queens Borough Hall and Fort Totten. ## March 4, 2024: Career Workshop Series: “Mock Interviews” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 03/04/2024 Mock Interviews” ## February 29, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Planning the Spring Garden” From choosing seeds, site, zone, and soil, we began to plan our garden! ## February 28, 2024: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Intimate Partner Violence and Stalking Awareness” Guest Panelists:Paige Nyer, Assistant District AttorneyElizabeth De Jesus, The Cottontail Corner, El Centro PedagogicoSgt. Mona Lawrence, NYPD DV UnitLauren Kay, Stop Stalking Us (Video Resource) Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Women’s Issues Think Tank 02/28/2024 IPV and Stalking” ## February 23, 2024: Art Workshop CWNY polled our followers through social media about a new class to be hosted at the center. Our followers selected an Art Workshop and CWNY delivered! Within a week, CWNY organized an Art Workshop with facilitator, Kerri McKay, from Bayside High School’s Art Department. The workshop was a massive success! Participants made watercolor paintings, mini bookmarks and mini sunset paintings. Participants also made bracelets with empowering messages to uplift women and girls who are the most vulnerable. ## February 17, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Demystifying Houseplants Part 2 with guest instructor, Gabriela Chrysostomou” ## February 5, 2024: Career Workshop Series: “Time Management in the Workplace” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 02/05/2024 Time Management” ## February 3, 2024: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Demystifying Houseplants Part 1 with guest instructor, Gabriela Chrysostomou” ## January 24, 2024: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Caregiving Part II, Applying for Medicaid” Guest Panelists: Representatives fromSunnyside Community Services – scsny.orgCarino Law – carinolaw.comQueensboro Council for Social Welfare – [email protected] Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Women’s Issues Think Tank 01/24/2024 Caregiving Part II” ## December 14, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “December tasks in the garden” We learned about tasks, from extending the growing season with row covers to preparing the beds for winter. ## December 7, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Ground covers” From Evergreens to different types of mulch, we discussed an often-overlooked important part of our landscape. ## December 5, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “Managing Change in the Workplace” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 12/05/2023 Managing Change” ## November 30, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Park Ranger walk” Park Rangers led us on a walk in Fort Totten Park and told us the history of the Fort and its structures. ## November 28, 2023: CWNY’s Giving Tuesday Fundraiser 2023 All funds raised go towards Center for the Women of New York mission in advocating for full gender equality and empower women by offering them programs and resources to aid, uplift, and address their challenges. Donors’ generosity is essential and very much appreciated! DONATE HERE! ## November 23, 2023: Thanksgiving meals donation Center for the Women of New York partnered with Local 1199 Union in an initiative to provide Thanksgiving meals to a local women’s shelter. CWNY is honored to contribute to a successful day. ## November 16, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: **“Garden harvest celebration at CWNY”** We celebrated various cultures & our hard work in the garden through food & companionship. ## November 15, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Caregiving, A Women’s Issue” Guest Panelists: Representatives fromQueensboro Council for Social Welfare – [email protected] Community Services – scsny.orgCarino Law – carinolaw.com Topics included: Legal issues affecting caregiversCaregiving servicesSelf-care for caregivers Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Women’s Issues Think Tank 11/15/2023 Caregiving” ## November 11, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: **“Daffodil planting”** We planted 500 daffodil bulbs around our Fort Totten building! ## November 9, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: ****“Compost with guest instructor, Queens Botanical Garden”**** ## November 7, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “Cultural Competence in the Workplace” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 11/07/2023 Cultural Competence” ## November 2, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: **“November tasks in the garden”** From mulching to watering, we learned what the garden needs to know! ## November 1, 2023-Present: Outdoor & Indoor Yoga Classes We had outdoor yoga classes that have moved indoors in the cold and wet weather starting in the late Fall twice a week on Wednesdays at 12-1 PM and Fridays at 10:30-11:30 AM at our Fort Totten location. All levels of yoga experience are welcome and is led by Certified Yoga Instructor, Robin Stuelpner. ## October 28, 2023: “Fort Totten Halloween Festival” Throughout October for Domestic Violence Awareness Month, we offered education and resources to the public. We thank the NYC Parks Dept. for having CWNY at their “Fort Totten Halloween Festival”. It was great speaking to our community and raising awareness on domestic violence and we made flowers with families in honor of the women in our lives. The local event was a spooky day of fun including pumpkins, haunted houses, hayrides, and more. ## October 26, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Compost” We got down and dirty and discussed everything compost! ## October 25, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Domestic Violence Awareness: A Women’s Issue Virtual Panel” Guest Panelists: Representatives fromQueens District Attorney Domestic Violence Bureau – queensda.orgSafe Horizon – safehorizon.orgMount Sinai Sexual Assault & Violence Intervention Program – mountsinai.orgSakhi for South Asian Women – sakhi.orgViolence Intervention Program – vipmujeres.org Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Women’s Issues Think Tank 10/25/2023 Domestic Violence Awareness” ## October 23, 2023: “CWNY’s Annual Membership Meeting & Election 2023” CWNY held its Annual Membership Meeting in-person for the first time since 2019 and we were able to have it at our Fort Totten location. Only individual Members were eligible to vote at the Annual Meeting for CWNY Board of Directors and Officers positions, ## October 19, 2023: “Bay Terrace Shopping Center Fall Festival” Throughout October for Domestic Violence Awareness Month, we offered education and resources to the public. CWNY thanks PS 169Q PTA & Cord Meyer for the invitation to participate in the “Bay Terrace Shopping Center Fall Festival.” It was great speaking to our community and raising awareness on domestic violence and we made flowers with families in honor of the women in our lives. The local event included a stage for performances, a DJ, a pumpkin patch, and more. ## October 19, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Planting Fall vegetables” We planted lettuces, root vegetables, garlic, and others. ## October 12, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All about Bulbs” We learned what bulbs are and how to plant them properly to get the best blooms in Spring! We planted our own Spring bulbs! ## October 11, 2023: “International Day of the Girl” The United Nations marks October 11 as the International Day of the Girl since 2012. International Day of the Girl focuses attention on the need to address the challenges girls face and to promote girls’ empowerment and the fulfilment of their human rights. Click here for resources about this day! ## October 5, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Fall planting” We covered Fall planting, weeding, and preparing beds. ## October 3, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “LinkedIn 101” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 10/03/2023 LinkedIn 101” ## September 28, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Let’s talk about root vegetables! From carrots to turnips, beets to, yes, potatoes!” ## September 27, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Human Trafficking: A Women’s Issue Virtual Panel” Guest Panelists: Representatives from Coalition Against Trafficking in Women — catwinternational.orgNew York County District Attorney’s Office — manhattanda.orgNOW NYC — nownyc.orgPACT — WeArePact.orgZonta International District 3 — zontadistrictthree.org Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Women’s Issues Think Tank 09/27/2023 Human Trafficking Awareness” ## September 21, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Let’s celebrate the Autumnal Equinox as we take a walk around beautiful Fort Totten and Little Bay Park” ## September 19, 2023: CWNY’S 2nd Annual Food Tasting: “A Taste of the World at Fort Totten” ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2023/08/Taste_2023_banner_site.png\\") We held our second annual food tasting event on our scenic lawn! 18 local restaurants donated tasting-sized portions of their signature dishes of delicious international food to all our attendees who purchased event tickets. We also welcomed our new Executive Director, Racquel Chariah during the event. Music by DJ IZZYLive music by FOGO AZUL DRUMLINEDances by DOMINICAN DANCE GROUP, INC. GOLD SPONSORSFirst Central Savings Bank, Coran Ober, Schwartz Family, Leith ter Meulen FRIEND SPONSORSRobert Levy, QG Floral + Landscape, Malini Shah, John Tandana RESTAURANTSAegea West Mediterranean Kitchen • Avo Taco • Baybridge Szechuan Restaurant • Bayside Milk Farm • Bourbon Street • Cascon Baking Company • Cupcakes by Lauren • D Roti Hut • Il Bacco • Marbella Restaurant • Maria’s Mediterranean • Martha’s Country Bakery • The Monster Crab • One Station Plaza • Picciotto NY • Riviera Ristorante • Robert’s Butcher Shop • Trattoria 35 ## September 14, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All about Autumn soil!” We learned how to amend soils and prepare for a bountiful harvest! ## September 7, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “What to plant in September! From shrubs, trees to annual & perennial!” We welcomed back Gardeners after our mid-summer break. At our first class back we went over shrubs, trees, annuals, and perennials and we planted. ## August 10, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Native vs. Invasive Plants” We discussed flowers, vegetables, grasses, trees, and shrubs. ## August 3, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “What’s a Weed?” We identified common weeds and “green” ways to deal with them! ## July 27, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: **“Kids Garden: Let’s plant up another raised bed, our third one in this series.”** From radishes to greens, kale, swiss chard and lettuces! We had storytelling first! ## July 20, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “What to plant in July, from vegetables to flowers to herbs.” We sowed various seeds. Each participant took home one pot of seeds! ## July 13, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Learn About Essential Oils” Attendees learned about essential oils from our Guest Speaker, Irene. Irene is a local businesswoman from right here in Queens! ## July 6, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: **“All About Hydrangeas** : History, Varieties, and Caring for Them.” ## June 29, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Kids Gardening!” Attendees brought their kids and planted kid friendly veggies & sweet-smelling flowers. Each child brought home one plant. ## June 28, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Gender Equity in Education and Developments in Title IX” Guest Presenters:Shiwali Patel, Director of Justice for Student Survivors & Senior Counsel at National Women’s Law CenterZoey Brewer, Policy Organizer at Know Your IX Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. ## June 27, 2023: “Rueda” Salsa Lesson Party with Carol Attendees danced at CWNY before the “Independence Day Celebration at Fort Totten Park” fireworks display began. ## June 22, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All About Pollinators!” We learned about which butterflies visit our garden and Fort Totten as we went searching for these beautiful & important pollinators! ## June 21, 2023: Financial Literacy Series: “Youth Finance” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] ## June 21, 2023: International Yoga Day Celebration We had our celebration in-person at our Fort Totten location. We had a Yoga Class led by Robin Stuelpner, Certified Yoga Instructor and Meditation led by the Sri Chinmoy Meditation Center. ![\\"\\"](\\" Day-2023-flyer-791x1024.png\\") ## June 15, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Bees and Beehives 101” Guest Presenter and Beekeeper: Ruth Harrigan ## June 8, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All About Herbs!” Registrants took home an herb container and we planted one too for the garden! ## June 6, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “Networking” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 06/06/2023 Networking” ## June 1, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “It’s All About Tomatoes!” From Heirlooms to hybrid to Beefsteak to cherry, we talked Tomatoes! ## May 25, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Let’s Get Planting!” We’ve sown the seeds, transplanted, and now we are ready to garden! Let’s go! ## May 24, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Inequities in Women’s Health” Guest Presenter: Giovina Lara Collura, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Medicine, Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals / QueensModerator: Victoria Pilotti – CWNY Vice President Our Guest Presenter shared knowledge, did Q&A, & discussed actions to take to improve women’s healthcare & close the inequities gap. Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. ## May 18, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: Waking Up the Garden Series Part 6: “Kid-Friendly Gardening: Flowers & Vegetables” ## May 17, 2023: Financial Literacy Series: “Retirement Planning” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] ## May 11, 2023: CWNY Gala 2023 We honored supporters of women’s rights and those who have made significant contributions to our community. The evening included: Dinner, an awards presentation, musical performances, & raffles. ## 2023 Honorees LETITIA JAMES – New York Attorney General (Invited)TOM SUOZZI ~ Former U.S. Congressman~HELEN ARTEAGA LANDAVERDE ~ Elmhurst Hospital Chief Executive OfficerDANIELLE GIUNTA ~ NYC Community Education District 26 SuperintendentTARYN SACRAMONE ~ Queens Theatre Executive DirectorMATTHEW SYMONS ~ NYC Dept. of Parks & Recreation Northeast QueensParks AdministratorANNA-MARIE VALLONE ~ First Central Savings Bank Vice President ## Performers “2 Complicated”Jaleya, _District 26 Student_ Anissa Gathers“Potri Ranka Manis” Watch our gala slideshow of that night’s program in our video above or view our slides below: CWNY Gala 2023 – programDownload Watch videos of our Gala in two parts: Part 1 Part 2 Check out over a hundred of our Gala photos: Gala 2023 Photos ## May 11, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: Waking Up the Garden Series Part 5: “Pollinator-friendly flowers” ## May 4, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: Waking Up the Garden Series Part 4: “Beginning planting cool-weather vegetables” ## May 2, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “Mentoring” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion A good mentor can help you make positive changes in your work and career life. But how do you find a mentor? And once you’ve found one, how should you navigate the relationship? This workshop on mentoring assisted in finding a mentor & in making the relationship an asset to your professional growth. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 05/02/2023 Mentoring” ## April 27, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: Waking Up the Garden Series Part 3: “Hardening Off Transplants” ## April 26, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Sexual Assault Awareness” Guest Presenters: Lindsey Curtis – Training, Outreach & Education Supervisor, Mount Sinai Sexual Assault & Violence Intervention Program (SAVI)Assistant District Attorney Eric Rosenbaum – Chief, Special Victims Bureau, Queens County District Attorney’s Office Our guest presenters shared their knowledge, answered questions, and led a conversation with the goal of finding actions CWNY and our community can take to protect women from sexual assault, collaborate with partner organizations, and more. ## April 20, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: Waking Up the Garden Series Part 2: “All about soil & preparing a raised bed for planting” ## April 19, 2023: Financial Literacy Series: “Basics of Investing” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] ## April 6, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: Waking Up the Garden Series Part 1: “Spring cleaning, raking, and planting Spring bulbs” ## April 4, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “Listening Skills in the Workplace” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion Our Soft Skills Workshop continued with developing the listening skills valued in the workplace. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 04/04/2023 Listening Skills in the Workplace” ## March 30, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Spring Walk & Tree Identification” ## March 23, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Master Seed Program Part 6” ## March 22, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Pay Equity” Guest Panelists: Beverly Cooper Neufeld– President, PowHer New YorkJessica Ramey Stender– Policy Director & Deputy Legal Director, Equal Rights Advocates This discussion on pay equity included the pay gap for women, equal pay for equal work, wage discrimination, pay transparency, and more. Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. ## March 16, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Master Seed Program Part 5” ## March 15, 2023: Financial Literacy Series: “Income Tax Basics for 2022 Returns” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Income Tax Basics for 2022 Returns 03152023 slidesDownload ## March 9 – April 6, 2023: “Free In-Person One-On-One Tax Preparation Assistance” CWNY had multiple sessions of free in-person tax prep assistance with Kathy Carroll, E.A. on Thursday afternoons at our two locations in Queens Borough Hall and Fort Totten. ## March 9, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Master Seed Program Part 4” ## March 7, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “Soft Skills” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion Technical Skills help you get the job. Soft Skills help you keep the job! This Soft Skills Workshop assisted in developing the skills most valued in the workplace:Decision making, leadership, problem solving, and more. Attendees learned about the skills critical to workplace success! To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please email [email protected] with the subject line, “Slides from Career Workshop 03/07/2023 Soft Skills” ## March 2, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Master Seed Program Part 3” ## February 22, 2023: Women’s Issues Think Tank: “Stalking Awareness” Guest Panelists:Dana Fleitman – Stalking Prevention, Awareness, and Resource Center (SPARC)Paige L. Nyer – Domestic Violence Bureau, Queens County District Attorney’s Office Our Women’s Issues Think Tank Guest Panelists each month lead us in finding actions CWNY & our community can take to advance the cause, raise awareness, help find solutions, & answer questions. ## February 16, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Master Seed Program Part 2” Sowing seeds: Organic, open-pollinated, non-gmo? What’s the difference? We continued with Celery seeding. ## February 15, 2023: Financial Literacy Series: “Disability & Life Insurance” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. ## February 9, 2023: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Master Seed Program Part 1” We learned the basics of seeding: How, why, & when to start seeds. We began our own seeds at that time, We went over bell peppers. ## February 7, 2023: Career Workshop Series: “Sexual Harassment in the Workplace” Guest Presenter: Orlando Torres, Director of the Bronx Community Service Center for the NYC Commission on Human Rights ## January 17, 2023: Financial Literacy Series: “Health Insurance” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. ## December 15, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: **“Winter Botany and Holiday Brunch”** ## December 2, 2022 – January 2, 2023: Holiday Art Exhibition & Sale – “Art for a Cause” 50+ art pieces through _“Artists for a Cause”_ were available for purchase or bidding. One painting was also available as a raffle prize for those who bought raffle tickets. Raffle winner was randomly chosen virtually on January 3, 2023. Those who purchased original art supported programming at the CWNY and the artists that generously donated a portion of the proceeds. All funds raised helped CWNY’s Art Program that focuses on Female Artists Representation and Gender Justice Social Transformation through Art. Our opening reception was on Friday, December 9, 2022 and attendees had the opportunity to view and buy original artwork and meet the artists, Evening entertainment:Light refreshments and hors d’oeuvres, A book reading/signing by Nationally Acclaimed Long Island City Author, Dr. Bessie W. Blake. She presented and signed her third book Love Lifted Me.Musical performance by Peruvian Vocalist and Activist, Noelia Robles. ## December 6, 2022: Career Workshop Series: “Elevator Pitch” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion Elevator Pitch – Career Workshop – 12062022 slidesDownload ## December 1, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Winter Wildlife: Nature Walk with Park Rangers” ## November 29, 2022: CWNY’s Giving Tuesday Fundraiser 2022 All funds raised went towards Center for the Women of New York mission in advocating for full gender equality and empower women by offering them programs and resources to aid, uplift, and address their challenges. Donors’ generosity was essential and very much appreciated! ## November 17, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Fall Flower Arrangement Workshop and Thanksgiving Lunch” Attendees brought seasonal dishes to share at our potluck lunch. ## November 16, 2022: Financial Literacy Series: “Keep Your Assets Safe: Home & Auto Insurance” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Financial Lieracy Workshop November 16 2022 slidesDownload ## November 12, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Root Vegetable Garden” ## November 3, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Garlic Planting” ## November 1, 2022: Career Workshop Series: “Interview Skills” Guest Presenter: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion ## October 29, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Daffodil Planting: Let’s Beautify the Lawn of CWNY!” Gardening tools were provided by NYC Parks Dept. Activities included bulb planting, raking, weeding, trimming small bushes. We planted in honor of CWNY Founder, Ann Jawin, and the women in our lives. _Daffodil Project_ is the largest volunteer effort in NYC history. It is a living memorial to the victims of 9/11 and Covid-19, a celebration of the New Yorkers championing parks equity in their communities. ## October 27, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Autumn Walking Tour: Why do Trees Change Colors?” ## October 26, 2022: Queens Borough President’s “Healthy Relationship Resource Fair and Conference” Throughout October for Domestic Violence Awareness Month, we offered education and resources to the public. Along with many other organizations that do amazing work for women, we participated in Queens Borough President’s “Healthy Relationship Resource Fair and Conference”. ## October 26, 2022: “Queensborough Community College’s DVAM – Every1KnowsSome1” Virtual Panel Discussion Throughout October for Domestic Violence Awareness Month, we offered education and resources to the public. Along with many other organizations that do amazing work for women, we participated in “Queensborough Community College’s DVAM – Every1KnowsSome1” virtual panel discussion. This conference and workshop was held for QCC’s students, faculty, and staff. The Office of Title IX Compliance presented a panel discussion for October’s Domestic Violence Awareness Month on what it is and it’s not just physical. The panel also discussed what individuals can do for others they know who are in domestic violence situations. Each organization presented what services they provide. Only individual Members in good standing were eligible to vote at the Annual Meeting held on Zoom for CWNY Board of Directors and Officers positions, ## October 24, 2022: “CWNY’s Election & Annual Membership Meeting 2022” Only individual Members were eligible to vote at the Annual Meeting held on Zoom for CWNY Board of Directors and Officers positions, ## October 22, 2022: “Fort Totten Halloween Festival” Throughout October for Domestic Violence Awareness Month, we offered education and resources to the public. We thank the NYC Parks Dept. for having CWNY at their “Fort Totten Halloween Festival”. It was great speaking to our community and raising awareness on domestic violence and we made flowers with families in honor of the women in our lives. The local event was a spooky day of fun including pumpkins, obstacle courses, haunted houses, hayrides, and more. ## October 20, 2022: “Bay Terrace Shopping Center Fall Festival” Throughout October for Domestic Violence Awareness Month, we offered education and resources to the public. CWNY thanks PS 169Q PTA & Cord Meyer for the invitation to participate in the “Bay Terrace Shopping Center Fall Festival.” It was great speaking to our community and raising awareness on domestic violence and we made flowers with families in honor of the women in our lives. The local event included a stage for performances, a DJ, a pumpkin patch, a petting zoo. and more. ## October 20, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Gardening Day” Attendees took care of CWNY’s raised bed garden. ## October 13, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Bulb Planting: Which Ones Do We Lift In Winter?” ## October 11, 2022: “International Day of the Girl” The United Nations marks October 11 as the International Day of the Girl since 2012. International Day of the Girl focuses attention on the need to address the challenges girls face and to promote girls’ empowerment and the fulfilment of their human rights. Click here for resources about this day! ## October 6, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Beginning The Fall Garden: Tomatoes Out Mums In” ## October 4, 2022: Career Workshop Series: **“Civil Service 101 – City Jobs Fall 2022”** Guest Presenter: Representatives from the DCAS Office of Citywide Recruitment and the DCAS Office of Citywide Equity & Inclusion We discussed how to apply for a NYC government job and become a civil servant. The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation and additional information are available here: Civil Service 101 slidesDownload Civil Service 101 Cheat SheetDownload Civil Service FAQsDownload ## September 22, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All About Vines, How to Identify Poison Ivy & Steps to Remove It” ## September 20, 2022: Food Tasting Event: “A Taste of the World at Fort Totten” ![\\'\\"Taste](\\" content/uploads/2022/09/CWNY_ATasteOfTheWorld_2022_banner_2-1024x537.png\\") CWNY held our first-ever Food Tasting Event on the very last night of Summer 2022 and were delighted to host it outdoors in beautiful weather at our Fort Totten location’s front lawn. Over a dozen restaurants participated by each donating tasting-sized portions of their signature dishes to all our attendees who purchased event tickets. We had live music by the World/Latin-fusion band, **Sangha Tierra** playing throughout the evening for all to hear. The event was such a big success that we can’t wait until we get to host another Food Tasting Event! ## September 14, 2022-October 26, 2023: Outdoor & Indoor Yoga Classes We had outdoor yoga classes in the Fall that had moved indoors starting in the late Fall twice a week on Wednesdays at 12-1 PM and Thursday evenings at 6-7 PM at our Fort Totten location. All levels of yoga experience are welcome and is led by Certified Yoga Instructor, Robin Stuelpner. ## September 8, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Plant Cutting and Progation” ## September 1, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “All About Transplanting Plants and Re-Potting” ## August 25, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “In the Garden – Garden Pests: Spotted Lantern Fly, Long Horn Asian Beetle” ## August 4, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Designing a Rain Barrel” ## July 28, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Let’s Talk About Tomatoes” ## July 14, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Taking Care of Your Summer Garden” ## July 14-August 6, 2022: Summer Outdoor Yoga Classes We had outdoor yoga classes in the Summer twice a week on Thursday and Saturday mornings from July 14 – August 6 at our Fort Totten location. All levels of yoga experience were welcome and was led by Certified Yoga Instructor, Theresa Rossini. ## July 7, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Container Gardening and Herb Gardens” ## June 30, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Nature Walk in Fort Totten Park” We explored the Fort Totten Park vegetation: wildflowers, bushes, trees, and birds. ## June 23, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “In-depth proper use and maintenance of gardening tools” We learned how to properly use tools for the best gardening outcomes. ## June 16, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Tree Identification” We took a walk in the beautiful Fort Totten Park and learned to identify the local trees. ## June 15, 2022: Financial Literacy Series: “Personal Residences: Buying or Renting a Home” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. ## June 4, 2022: “8th International Day of Yoga” CWNY held a free yoga session on the lawn of our Fort Totten location in partnership with “Indo-American Arts & Cultural Forum” and Counsel General of India, NY. ## June 2, 2022: Career Workshop Series: “Public Speaking for Career Advancement and Acing Your Interview” Guest Speaker: Gail Lewis, CUNY Professor of Communications & Toastmasters Public Speaking Champion The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Public Speaking and Acing your Interviews – June 02 2022Download ## May 26, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Master Seed” We learned the basics of Seeding by doing hands-on activities. All workshop attendees left with a pot with seeds. ## May 21, 2022: Street Co-Naming Ceremony: “Ann Jawin Way” CWNY, the Doug-Bay Manor Civic Association, and Ann Jawin’s Family all took part in a very special ceremony. We posthumously honored our dear founder, Ann Juliano Jawin, by co-naming 233rd Street (intersection of 233rd Street and 39th Ave.) as _Ann Jawin Way_ and planted a tree in her honor. Ann Juliano Jawin founded the Center for the Women of New York in 1987 and the Doug-Bay Manor Civic Association in 1968. In light of Ann’s unparalleled dedication to women’s rights, as well as her service to the Douglaston community, Council Member Paul Vallone introduced this co-naming which was approved by the NYC Council on December 15, 2021. CWNY thanks District Leader Dave Fisher for his assistance in scheduling and planning the Ann Jawin Way co-naming ceremony. Click here to read more and see photos and watch the unveiling of the street sign on video. ## May 18, 2022: Financial Literacy Series: “Car Ownership: Buying, Leasing, and Selling and the Current Unique Market Conditions” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Financial Literacy Workshop May 18 2022 slidesDownload ## May 12, 2022: Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series: “Planting and designing raised beds and pollinated gardens” We started a CWNY Community Garden together. Plus, workshop attendees learned how to do their own! ## May 7, 2022: Art Exhibit Opening: “Art for a Purpose” – A Multivenue Global Exhibition with _CWNY_ and _Artivism: The Power of Art for Social Transformation_ ![\\"\\"](\\" artforapurpose-fllyer-05072022-1024x791.png\\") CWNY was pleased to participate with Artivism: The Power of Art for Social Transformation in hosting a Multi-Venue Global Exhibition, “Art for a Purpose” at our Fort Totten Park location in-person on Saturdays, May 7, 14, 21, and June 11 & 18\. This multi-venue global exhibition had shed light on social issues to inspire change. Art materials were also on hand for everyone to create their own art for a purpose. The opening reception was on May 7th from 1 – 5 PM and was sponsored by The French Workshop. ## April 7, 2022: “CWNY’s 35th Anniversary Virtual Gala” CWNY honored those who have gone above and beyond in empowering women and those who have made significant contributions to our community. 2022 HONOREES Grace Meng, U.S. Congresswoman Adrienne E. Adams, Speaker of the New York City Council Joseph Alohan, Sergeant NYPD Bessie W. Blake, Ph.D., Author and Activist Racquel Chariah, Executive Director of the Hance Family Foundation Mary Crimmins, NYCDOE Physical Education Teacher Stephanie Lake, Ph.D., Director of Criminal Justice Program, Adelphi University Lisa Liberatore, MD, ENT, Founder of Luv Michael PERFORMANCES by Dawud Rahman, Rowan McKiernan, and Sol Marattin ## April 6, 2022: Financial Literacy Series: “NYS Income Tax & Wrap-up” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## March 28, 2022: Members-Only Virtual Meet & Greet CWNY had a Members-Only Virtual Meet & Greet in the evening on Zoom with CWNY Board of Directors, Board Members, volunteers, and members. ## March 26, 2022: “2022 Women in Achievement Award posthumously awarded to Ann Jawin at St. John’s University” On March 26, 2022 in celebration of Women’s History Month at the Garden City Hotel, St. John’s University presented the 2022 Women in Achievement Award Posthumously to Ann Juliano Jawin, PD ’77. On behalf of our founder, Ann Juliano Jawin, and the Jawin family, the Center for the Women of New York proudly accepted the St. John’s Women 2022 Women in Achievement award. Ann’s legacy of activism and advocacy for women’s equality lives on through CWNY’s current services and programs. The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation and additional information are available here: Ann Jawin posthumous award at St Johns 03262022Download ## March 24, 2022: Queens District Attorney Melinda Katz’s Women’s History Month Celebration CWNY was proud to co-sponsor with Queens County Women’s Bar Association for Queens District Attorney, Melinda Katz’s Women’s History Month in-person event at Queens College’s Rosenthal Library in the evening. Keynote Speaker: New York State Attorney General Letitia JamesSpecial Guest: NYC Council Speaker Adrienne AdamsModerator: Investigative reporter, Mary Murphy Mystery of PIX11 ## March 16, 2022: Financial Literacy Series: “Income Tax Preparation Continued” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## March 9 – April 6, 2022: “Free In-Person One-On-One Tax Preparation Assistance” CWNY had multiple sessions of free in-person tax prep assistance with Kathy Carroll, E.A. on Wednesday afternoons at our two locations in Queens Borough Hall and Fort Totten. ## March 3, 2022: Career Workshop Series: “Networking for Career Success: Make Valuable Connections” Guest Speaker: Regina Bonolo – Owner, Aspire Higher Topics covered: * Referral Networking * The Hidden Job Market * Your Online Presence * Resourceful Connections * Job Opportunities Worksheet The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation and additional information are available here: Networking for Career Success 03032022 slidesDownload Your 2022 Potential Job Opportunities WorksheetDownload ## February 2022: “Black History Month is Every Month!” with Adrienne Whaley – A CWNY Interview Guest Speaker: Adrienne Whaley, Queens Underground International Black and Brown Film Festival Founder Hosts: Kati Fernandez and Cecilia Venosta-Wiygul, CWNY ## February 16, 2022: Financial Literacy Series: “Income Tax Basics for 2021 Returns” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## February 3, 2022: Career Workshop Series: “Resume Writing” Guest Speaker: Sarah Dutille – Recruitment Operations Manager, NPD Group This informative presentation was filled with tips to help improve your resume. The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation and additional information are available here: Resume Writing Workshop 02 03 2022 slidesDownload ## January 19, 2022: Financial Literacy Series: “Preview of 2021 Income Tax Returns – including the Advance Child Tax Credit” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## January 6, 2022: Career Workshop Series: “NYC Civil Service 101” Guest Speaker: NYC DCAS’ Office of Citywide Recruitment We discussed how to apply for a NYC government job and become a civil servant. The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation and additional information are available here: Civil Service 101 slidesDownload Civil Service 101 Cheat SheetDownload Civil Service FAQsDownload ## December 2, 2021: Career Workshop Series: “Human Rights Law and Disability” Guest Speaker: Katherine Greenberg, NYC Commission on Human Rights We discussed how Project Equal Access Program protects people with disabilities from discrimination at work, in their homes, and in public spaces. The presentation defined terms such as disability, protected class, reasonable accommodation, and undue hardship. We also discussed how business owners work with the Commission to make NYC more accessible. ## November 17, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: “Credit Scores – Mysterious But Important!” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## November 5, 2021: Career Workshop Series: “Human Rights Law and the Workplace” Guest Speaker: Belinda Simmons, NYC Commission on Human Rights Topics discussed: * The history of the NYC Commission * Protected classes * Reasonable accommodations * Retaliation * The complaint process ## October 23, 2021: Halloween Family Fun Evening CWNY was honored to have co-sponsored a “Halloween Family Fun Evening” at Fort Totten Park hosted by Council Member Paul Vallone. There was a haunted house, an obstacle course, arts and crafts, sack races, puppet shows, and nature- themed games. We had a great time serving the community! ## October 20, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: “Consumer Credit: Good or Bad for Financial Freedom?” Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This October workshop covered: ‣ Types of consumer credit ‣ Interest ‣ Billing statements ‣ Reading the warnings ‣ The benefits and drawbacks of credit cards To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## October 16, 2021: CWNY’s 13th Annual Walk/Run (In Person) ![\\"Group](\\" Group-Photo-1-1024x768.jpg\\") CWNY held its 13th Annual Walk/Run at our Fort Totten location at 207 Totten Avenue, Fort Totten Park, Queens in person. For those who couldn’t make it in- person or felt more comfortable supporting us from the comfort of your home, we also offered our Virtual Walk/Run from Oct. 16-24, 2021. ## October 14, 2021: Career Series: “#CareerFocused Mode: Reaching Your Wildest Dreams” Dayana Falcon shared her passion for creating equal access to opportunity through mentorship and sponsorship. She touched on the importance of defining personal goals, ensuring wellness, strength assessments, asking for what you want, having a strong LinkedIn Profile and Networking Environment to reach your wildest dreams Presenter: Dayana Falcon, Founder of Gators Unidos Moderator: Stewart Hamilton ## September 30, 2021: She-cession Panel Discussion: Where Are the Jobs and How Do We Get Them? CWNY dedicated our annual career conference to job re-entry and career development. The goal was to help combat the disproportionate impact the COVID pandemic has had on women in the workplace and the on-going she-cession, in which the women’s unemployment rate is higher than the men’s. Moderator: Stewart Hamilton Panelists: * Lisa Boily, US Bureau of Labor Statistics * Belinda Simmons, NYC Commission on Human Rights * Kati Fernandez, ESPN+ and ESPN Films ## September 15, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: Financial Services are for Everyone – Planning, Banking, and More! Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This September workshop covered: ‣ Paychecks & Cashing Checks‣ Online & Mobile Banking‣ Checking & Savings Accounts‣ Credit & Debit Cards‣ ATMs & Fees‣ Automatic Bill Payment To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## August 25, 2021: “Nature in NYC” Interview launched in celebration of National Park Service Founders Day Jennifer Greenfeld, NYC Parks Assistant Commissioner for Forestry, Horticulture & Natural Resources, takes us on a tour of the parks and ecosystems in NYC. She discusses how NYC Parks cares for nature and how we can protect nature in NYC. Listen to our interview on our podcast on our Anchor.fm. ## June 16, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: Budgeting – The Foundation of Financial Planning Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This June workshop covered: ‣ Income‣ Gross and Net Pay‣ Expenses‣ Formulating a budget‣ Importance of timely payments To receive a copy of the PowerPoint slides for the above presentation, please send us an email to [email protected] ## May 19, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: Female Financial Freedom – Gaining Control of Your Financial Life Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This May workshop covered: ‣ Personal finance‣ W-4 (Tax withholding certificate)‣ Financial goals with a S.M.A.R.T. approach‣ Emergency fund The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Financial Literacy Workshop 5 05192021Download ## April 29, 2021: CWNY’s 34th Anniversary Virtual Gala Center for the Women of New York held its 34th Anniversary Virtual Gala on Thursday, April 29, 2021. CWNY honored supporters of women’s rights with awards for leadership. 34th Anniversary Honorees: * Alina Bloomgarden, Music On The Inside, Inc. * Mona Charles, NYC Health + Hospitals Queens * Felicia Fonrose, Felicia’s Promise * Maria Markou, Markou Global Legal Group, LLC * Congressman Gregory W. Meeks * Victoria Schneps-Yunis, Schneps Media * Council Member Paul A. Vallone * Youth Volunteers, Bake Back America * Caroline Farber, Ryan Fenster, Emma Klein, Shreya Sriram, and Abigail Zaroff Musical performances: Dawud Rahman and Naomi Blount from Music on the Inside ## April 21, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: Tax Trauma Terminated Part 4, Changes and More Changes Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This April workshop covered: ‣ Changes to filing 2020 taxes and extensions‣ Unemployment benefits‣ Recovery Rebate Credit and stimulus checks‣ Advance payments of Child Tax Credit The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Tax Workshop 4 – Changes and More Changes 04212021Download ## April 2021: Dr. John Albers interview – Sustainable Urban Gardening CWNY interviewed Dr. John Albers, a research scientist and professor of medicine at the University of Washington, to discuss urban sustainability. He is also a passionate environmentalist and the author of several books about sustainable gardening. Although recently retired from teaching, Dr. Albers continues to review scientific and medical research papers, as well as continuing to assist young investigators in their research. Interview hosts: * Victoria Pilotti, CWNY President * Scotia Hille, CWNY Green Team Coordinator Guest Speaker: Dr. John Albers The transcript for the above interview is available here: Dr Albers interview transcript Sustainable Urban Gardening Apr 22 2021Download The interview summary article written by Scotia Hille is available here: Dr Albers article by Scotia HilleDownload ## April 2021: Sustainability Webinar recording can now be watched Panelists: * Catherine Bealin, Consultant, UN Development Programme. President, Douglas Manor Environmental Association. * Jennifer Greenfeld, Assistant Commissioner, Forestry, Horticulture & Natural Resources, NYC Parks The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation is available here: CWNY-Sustainability-WebinarDownload ## March 18, 2021: Basic Income Tax Filing Workshop Hosted by: NYS Senator Roxanne J. PersaudGuest Speaker: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This financial literacy workshop covered: ‣ Identifying tax documents and tax forms‣ 2021 due dates for filing 2020 tax returns‣ Types of income‣ Free tax preparation resources The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Tax Workshop 1 Income Mar 18 21 slides Senator PersaudDownload ## March 17, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: Tax Trauma Terminated Part 3, New York State Personal Income Tax Overview Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This March workshop covered: ‣ New York State tax forms‣ New York State personal income tax‣ New York State tax credits‣ New York State deductions The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: CWNY Tax Filing Workshop Part 3 03172021Download ## March 11, 2021: “First But Not the Last” – A Women’s History Month Discussion Guest Speakers: * Melinda Katz, Queens District Attorney * Juanita Holmes, NYPD Chief of Patrol CWNY had a “First But Not The Last” discussion celebrating Women’s History Month with Queens’ first female District Attorney, Melinda Katz and the NYPD’s first female Chief of Patrol, Juanita Holmes. They spoke about gender equality in the workplace – Challenges of being the only woman in the room and a female leader, and the realization of having opened a door that was previously closed to women. ## March 8, 2021: International Women’s Day GPK Foundation Panel CWNY participated in the International Women’s Day Panel Discussion Hosted by GPK Foundation. Click here to check out the flyer. ## February 22-28, 2021: “How a Mom Rescued Her Daughter from Anorexia” Interview – National Eating Disorders Awareness Week After noticing her 12-year-old daughter had not been eating, resulting in her becoming increasingly thin, a mother realized she needed to take action for the sake of her daughter’s well being. In this interview, we will hear from a mother as she discusses how she found medical intervention for her daughter. She will also discuss her daughter’s long road to recovery from body dysmorphia and anorexia nervosa. In addition, we will learn about another 12-year-old girl’s bout with bulimia. ## February 2021: “Black History Always with Dr. Blake” Video Interview Center for the Women of New York had a chance to connect with Dr. Bessie W. Blake, a widely known and respected educator, adjunct professor of English at LaGuardia Community College in Queens, New York, and a recognized expert on adult learning. Her lecture tours have carried her to every corner of the United States and abroad to countries like England, Scotland, and Senegal. Dr. Bessie W. Blake spoke to Kati Fernandez and Cecilia Venosta at CWNY about the women before her, the impact of mothers on her journey, and the “shecession” and mental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. She also shared with us her fondest moment with Rosa Parks, her fight for equality and justice, and her life’s work. ## Feb 17, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: Tax Trauma Terminated Part 2,$$$ in Your Pocket – Credits & Deductions Overview Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This February workshop covered: ‣ Tax credits: earned income, child credit, dependent care, education‣ Deductions The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Tax_Workshop_2_Credits_Deductions_02_17_2021Download ## January 2021: Interview with Dr. Rochelle Joly, M.D. on Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Listen to our interview with Dr. Rochelle Joly, M.D. for Cervical Cancer Awareness Month on our podcast on our Anchor.fm ## Jan 20, 2021: Financial Literacy Series: Goodbye to the Tax Filing Blues, Tax Trauma Terminated Part 1 Presenter: Kathy Carroll, E.A. This January workshop covered: ‣ identification of tax documents‣ which tax forms need to be filed‣ e-filing‣ New York State taxes The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Tax-Trauma-Terminated_Part_1_Jan20_2021Download ## Jan 19, 2021: Intimate Partner Violence and Stalking Panel Discussion A discussion on the response to Intimate Partner Violence and Stalking and resources available to victims and providers from the NYPD, Safe Center of Long Island, and Mount Saini SAVI. Panelists: * Sgt. Joseph Alohan, NYPD Domestic Violence Unit * Keith Scott, Director of Education at The Safe Center * Alpana Patel, LCSW, Program Coordinator/Clinician at Mount Sinai Sexual Assault and Violence Intervention (SAVI) Program The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: IntimatePartnerViolence_StalkingAwareness_Panel_Slides_01192021Download ## Jan 8, 2021: Virtual Wine Tasting ![\\"Virtual](\\" Tasting-Flyer-01-663x1024.png\\") Cheers to 2021! CWNY rang in the new year with a virtual wine tasting. Ticket buyers were provided with: * Eight glass bottles of California Coastal Wines (six ounces each) delivered for them to try at the event and experience a variety of new flavors. * Snack and pairing suggestions sent prior to our event. * A wine expert via videoconference to educate them on each wine & suggest yummy pairings. * General high-level wine knowledge about how to taste wines. * Fun facts & wine trivia about the grapes & their harvest regions. * Knowledge of what to look for when buying wines at a store or local wine shop. ## Nov 25-Dec 10, 2020: 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence ![\\"Thumbnail](\\" Violence-in-Natural-Disasters-December-2020-thumbnail-1024x576.png\\") The PowerPoint slides for our presentation on “Domestic Violence Increases in Natural & Man-Made Disasters” are available here: Domestic Violence in Natural Disasters December 2020Download ## Nov 23-30, 2020: Food Drive We were pleased to partner with City Harvest to help feed hungry New Yorkers. For a week we had a donation box for non-perishable food in front of our Ft. Totten building. ## Nov 22-30, 2020: CWNY Virtual 5K Run/Walk/Jog/Ride ![\\"CWNY](\\" content/uploads/2020/12/CWNY_RunWalkJogRide_ThankYou_02-1024x1024.png\\") Champions who did a 5K run/walk/jog/ride had people cheer them on through donations to CWNY. ## Nov 15, 2020: St. John’s Women in Philanthropy Discussion In celebration of National Philanthropy Day on November 15, Victoria Pilotti, CWNY President, proudly joined an inspirational conversation with St. John’s alumnae pioneers on women helping women in underserved communities. Panelists: * Jennifer Daniel, ’07TCB, Founder/Executive Director, Princess Chambers Inc. * Andreia Gibau, ’18CPS, Miss New York USA 2020 * Victoria Pilotti, Ed.D. ’90GEd, ’11Ed.D, President, Center for the Women of New York (CWNY) * Patricia A. Shea, ’62Ed, Founder and Executive Director of MOMMAS House ## Nov 13, 2020: Cocktails, Art, & Music Art Sale & Auction Kick-Off Event Musical performance by the violinist, Erica QuachConversation with the artist, Argie Moutafis-AgelarakisArt auction took place Nov 13-21, 2020Art sale ended Nov 28, 2020 ‣ 2 original artworks were auctioned.‣ 59 original artworks were for sale in a variety of media (watercolor, oil, and mixed media).‣ A 10% discount was offered for art sold at kick-off, only.‣ 30% of the proceeds of the artwork was graciously donated to CWNY to support services for women.Artwork pick-up hours will be available at the CWNY for any art purchased.Shipping and handling will be processed separately. ## Nov 10, 2020: The Power of Financial Independence, COVID and Beyond GUEST SPEAKERS: Anna-Marie Vallone & Patricia Fulton First Central Savings Bank The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation are available here: Financial Literacy Conversation Nov102020Download ## October 2020: Domestic Violence Awareness for Beauty Professionals Interview on CWNY’s Youtube channel with a hairstylist who has helped women who are abused The PDF transcript for this interview is available here: Domestic Violence Awareness For Beauty Professionals CWNY 2020 TranscriptDownload ## Oct 22, 2020: Breakthroughs in Breast Cancer Treatments GUEST SPEAKERS: * Seeta Trivedi, M.D.Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology * Argie Moutafis-AgelarakisBreast Cancer Survivor The PowerPoint slides from the above webinar are available here: Breakthroughs_Breast_Cancer_Treatments_WebinarDownload ## Oct 15, 2020: Parenting School Children During a Pandemic ![\\"Parenting](\\" Workshop-1024x303.png\\") The PowerPoint slides from the above webinar are available here: Parenting School Children During a Pandemic WorkshopDownload ## Sept 26, 2020: Art as Therapy Art as Therapy The PowerPoint slides from the above webinar are available here: Art As Therapy WebinarDownload ## Aug 22, 2020: Global Human Trafficking Zoom Conference ![\\"\\"](\\" Conference-082220.jpg\\") The PowerPoint slides from the above conference are available here: Trafficking_Global_Conference082220v4Download ## July 30, 2020: Sustainability Webinar Panelists: * Catherine Bealin, Consultant, UN Development Programme. President, Douglas Manor Environmental Association. * Jennifer Greenfeld, Assistant Commissioner, Forestry, Horticulture & Natural Resources, NYC Parks The PowerPoint slides for the above presentation is available here: CWNY-Sustainability-WebinarDownload ## July 6, 2020: Getting Back to Business in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis Webinar ![\\"\\"](\\" ad-1-1024x691.jpg\\") Learn about Workforce1 job recruitment and training in NYC and Queens Economic Development Corporation resources for small businesses and entrepreneurs in NYC. The PowerPoint from the above presentation is available here in PDF format: Getting-Back-to-Business-WebinarDownload ## June 27, 2020: Global Forum on Domestic Violence and Human Trafficking During & Post COVID-19 ![\\"\\"](\\" Conference-062720-731x1024.png\\") The PowerPoint from the above presentation is available here in PDF format: Domestic-Violence-Global-Conference-V6Download ## June 11, 2020: Korean Women’s Issues Roundtable This meeting focused on issues of domestic violence, human trafficking, forced marriage, elder abuse, compulsive gambling and alcoholism. ## June 9, 2020: Human Trafficking Webinar Panelists: * Assistant District Attorney Jessica Melton, Chief, Human Trafficking Bureau, Office of Queens County District Attorney Melinda Katz * Amanda Eckhart, Executive Director, RESTORE NYC * Tori Curbelo, Manager of Education, Training & Advocacy, LifeWay Network * Kyra Wooden, Youth Outreach Manager, ECPAT-USA * Karen Lynne Siegel, Ph.D., Founding President Zonta Club of Greater Queens PowerPoint slides from the webinar are available for download as a PDF file: Human-Trafficking-WebinarDownload ## May 27, 2020: Rebooting Your Career Webinar Featuring executive career coach and resume writer Ann-Marie Ditta. The PowerPoint slides from the webinar are available for download as a PDF file: PAUSE_Reboot-Your-Career_v6Download ## May 7, 2020: South Asian Roundtable Discussion on Women’s Issues This conference call touched on issues of domestic violence, human trafficking, forced marriage, and suicide. ## Spring 2020 Poetry Contest Read the winning poem from fifth grader Zoe Beharrylal. ## Apr 30, 2020: Health & Wellness During Quarantine Webinar **Featuring:** * Marianna ZaraPsychotherapist, Certified Recovery Coach * Izzy JacobusCertified Nutritionist, Certified Trainer * Paige BellenbaumFounding Director, The Motherhood Center of New York Thank you to our sponsor, Wisselman, Harounian & Assocs. The PowerPoint slides are available for download as a PDF file: Health-Wellness-in-the-Age-of-Quarantine_CWNY-Webinar-comboDownload ## Apr 21, 2020: Pandemic Legal Issues Webinar A webinar covering Asset Protection Law, Advance Directives, and Family Law _Featuring:_ * Ann-Margaret Carrozza, Esq.Law Offices of Ann-Margaret CarrozzaElder Law and Estate PlanningFormer New York State Assembly Member * Jacqueline Harounian, Esq.Partner, Wisselman, Harounian & AssociatesMatrimonial and Family Law PowerPoint slides and other webinar resources are available for download: Pandemic-Legal-Issues-files-v3Download ## Apr 14, 2020: Domestic Violence Webinar ![\\"\\"](\\" compressed-572x1024.png\\") ## February 2020: Poster Contest See the winners of our women’s rights poster contest. Thanks to all the participants! ## Feb 12, 2020: Domestic Violence Panel We had a very successful and well attended panel on domestic violence at Queens Borough Hall. Experts in the field made presentation, followed by a question and answer session. The panelists were: * Susan Jacob, Executive Director, New York City Family Justice Center, Queens Mayor’s Office to End Gender-Based Violence * Joseph Alohan & Police Officer Yussef Vass, NYPD Domestic Violence Unit * Amanda Burden, Training and Outreach Supervisor & Rita Abadi, LMHC, Mount Sinai Sexual Assault Violence Intervention Program (SAVI) * Shilpi Chatterjee, Domestic Violence Program Advocate, Sakhi for South Asian Women * Jennifer Ruiz Diaz, Sexual Violence Project Coordinator, Violence Intervention Program, Inc. (for Latina Victims) * Joan Serrano Laufer, LMSW, Executive Director, Queensboro Council for Social Welfare * Jaqueline Harounian, Esq. & Joseph Bracconier, Esq., Wisselman, Harounian & Associates Program from afternoon sessionProgram from evening session ## Dec 8, 2019: Fort Totten Grand Opening & Ribbon Cutting The Grand Opening and Ribbon Cutting Ceremony for CWNY’s new Fort Totten location was held on the afternoon of December 8, 2019. We’re very excited about what we’ll be able to offer at our newly renovated landmark building at 207 Totten Avenue, Fort Totten, Bayside, NY 11359. Check out the Commemorative Journal. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2017/07/forttotten207-e1500853257760.jpg\\")Above, 207 Totten Avenue pre-renovation ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2020/01/5350-e-1024x683.jpg\\")Above, 207 Totten Avenue post- renovation ## Apr 28, 2019: 32nd Annual Luncheon Honoring Trailblazers for Women’s Rights. ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p01\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p01.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p02\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p02.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p03\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p03.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p04\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p04.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p05\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p05.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p06\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p06.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p07\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p07.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p08\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p08.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p09\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p09.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p10\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p10.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p11\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p11.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p12\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p12.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p13\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p13.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p14\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p14.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p15\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p15.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p16\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p16.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p17\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p17.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p18\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p18.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p19\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p19.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p20\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p20.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p21\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p21.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p22\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p22.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p23\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p23.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p24\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p24.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p25\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p25.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p26\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p26.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p27\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p27.png\\") ![\\"CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p28\\"](\\" content/gallery/2019-luncheon-journal/CWNY-Luncheon-Journal-2019-p28.png\\") CWNY Luncheon Journal 2019Download ## Jan 19, 2019: Third Annual Women’s March ## Nov 2, 2018: 31st Annual Career Conference: World of Working Women See Career Conference archives ## Sept 22, 2018: 10th Annual Fort Totten Walk-a-thon ## Oct 10, 2017: Violence Against Women: A Discussion ## Sept 16, 2017: 9th Annual Walk-a-thon **BECOME A MEMBER** DONATE NOW Add me to CWNY\'s email list **CWNY Newsletter Archive** ## CWNY Calendar Oct 8 Tue 10:00 am ESL Conversation Class (Virtual) @ Zoom Meeting ESL Conversation Class (Virtual) @ Zoom Meeting Oct 8 @ 10:00 am – 11:00 am ![\\"ESL](\\" Globe-300x293.png\\") Conversational English as a Second Language (ESL) Classes Every Tuesday 10 – 11 AM: Virtual . Program will be held on Zoom. Interested participants please register at Oct 9 Wed 12:00 pm Yoga Class @ Fort Totten Park Yoga Class @ Fort Totten Park Oct 9 @ 12:00 pm – 1:00 pm ![\\"Yoga](\\" photo-2024-icon-300x300.png\\") Yoga Classes Every Wednesday @ 12 – 1 PM Every Friday @ 10:30 – 11:30 AM Donation: Members: $5 per session; Non-Members $10 per session In-person: 207 Totten Avenue, Fort Totten Park, NY 11359 Registration … Read More Oct 10 Thu 10:00 am Gardening & Sustainability Works... @ Fort Totten Park Gardening & Sustainability Works... @ Fort Totten Park Oct 10 @ 10:00 am – 11:30 am ![\\"Gardening](\\" Team-2022-icon-1-edited-300x200.png\\") October 10th Workshop: “Garlic Planting and other bulbs” Thursday, October 10, 2024 10:00 AM – 11:30 AM 207 Totten Avenue, Fort Totten Park, NY 11359 Gardening & Sustainability Workshop Series Weekly on Thursdays Guest Instructor: … Read More 10:00 am Women in Crisis Support Group @ Virtual Women in Crisis Support Group @ Virtual Oct 10 @ 10:00 am – 11:30 am ![\\"Women](\\" icon-2-300x300.png\\") Women in Crisis Support Group Every Thursday 10:00 – 11:30 AM Virtual If you are interested in learning more about it and scheduling a registration appointment, please fill out this form here and CWNY will contact you … Read More 2:00 pm Caregiver Support Group @ by phone Caregiver Support Group @ by phone Oct 10 @ 2:00 pm – 3:00 pm ![\\"Caregiver](\\" edited-300x200.jpeg\\") Caregivers Phone Support Group Thursdays 2 – 3 pm weekly by telephone conference call for free in partnership with Queensboro Council for Social Welfare. For family members who have found themselves taking care of their aging … Read More View Calendar __ Add * Add to Timely Calendar * Add to Google * Add to Outlook * Add to Apple Calendar * Add to other calendar * Export to XML Yoga ClassesEvery Wed., 12 – 1 PMEvery Fri., 10:30 – 11:30 AMCertified yoga instructor, Robin StuelpnerIn-person: 207 Totten Ave., Bayside, NY 11359Click here to register! **Gardening & Sustainability** Workshop SeriesEvery Thurs., 10:00 - 11:30 AMOct. 10th topic: \"Garlic Planting & other bulbs\"Sat., Oct. 12th topic: \"Daffodil Planting\" In-Person: 207 Totten Ave., Bayside, NY 11359Click here to register! CWNY Hosts Toastmasters MeetingThurs., Oct. 17th, 7 - 8:45 PMIn-person: 207 Totten Ave., Bayside, NY 11359Click here to register! Book ClubEvery 3rd Fri., 6:00 – 7:30 PMOct. 18th book: “The One in a Million Boy” by Monica Wood In-person: 207 Totten Ave., Bayside, NY 11359Click here to register! CWNY Annual Meeting & ElectionTues., Oct. 22nd, 7:00 – 9:00 PMIn-person: 207 Totten Ave., Bayside, NY 11359Click here to RSVP! © 2024 Center for the Women of New YorkTheme by justgoodthemes.com. Back to the top Search for: Notifications |
Black Friday Azul Linhas Aéreas We are raffling off free national and international tickets for the first participants in our research | 3,322 | Toggle Navigation * __ * Luxury Benefits * Custom Itineraries * Group Travel * Hotels * Cruises * Cruises Home * Regent Cruises * Virgin Voyages * Blog * Blog Home * Luxury US Travel * Luxury International Travel * Family Travel * Romance * Adventure Travel * Culinary * Wellness Travel * Travel Gear * Hotels * Cruising * Resources * Travel Tips * Follow us on Instagram * Axus Travel App * Travel Insurance Protection * Chubb Travel Insurance * Arch RoamRight Travel Insurance * Destinations * Destination – Arizona * Destination – Budapest * Destination – California * Destination – Costa Rica * Destination – Greece * Destination – Italy * Destination – Mexico * Destination – New Zealand * Destination – Spain * Book Now * BTA Exclusive Hotels/Coming Soon * Context Travel * Events 365 * Project Expedition * Get Your Guide * Viator * About * About Us * Membership Options * FAQ’s * Join Our Team * Become A BTA Affiliate Advisor * Trusted Travel Partners * Philanthropic Initiatives * Events * Boutique Travel Advisors & Just Roughin * San Diego Automotive Museum * NAVIGATING FOR A CAUSE * BTA-Mitchell Thorp Foundation * Make A Wish * Giving Back Magazine * Arts and Culture Initiative * Press * Virtual Travel Experiences * Contact Us Search for: NAVIGATING FOR A CAUSEChloe Cottingham2024-10-01T11:27:27-07:00 * ![\\"\\"](\\" * Facebook * Twitter * Pinterest * LinkedIn * Subscribe # _Our Honorable 2024 Beneficiary_ # SUPPORT OUR BENEFITING NON-PROFIT: **PTSD NOW!** We warmly invite you to offer your goodwill and generosity and contribute to this year’s Boutique Travel Advisors™ beneficiary of our event proceeds, Chase Rauchle PTSD NOW!. We are pleased to have named the foundation’s founders, Julie & Craig Rauchle, our event’s honorary chairs. Chase Rauchle PTSD NOW! (the “Organization”) is named after Craig Rauchle’s son. Chase Rauchle was a staff sergeant in the Army National Guard who suffered from PTSD arising out of his tours of duty as a gunner in Afghanistan. After numerous failed attempts to receive help, Chase took his own life on September 9, 2019. In honor of SSG Chase W. Rauchle, “Chase Rauchle PTSDNOW! Fund” has been established. All funds raised will be used for support, education and treatment of stress related disorders, depression, PTSD and related mental illnesses. If you are unable to attend our event on November 15th, 2024, we welcome you to make a donation to PTSD NOW! to help make a positive difference in advocating for effective solutions to support military personnel mental health. MAKE A DONATION NOW **Chase Rauchle PTSD NOW!** has achieved the highest status of nonprofit transparency. Candid GuideStar is the premier organization for nonprofit research and evaluation. PTSD NOW! is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization incorporated in the State of Nevada. All donations are tax-deductible to the fullest extent allowed by law. Tax ID#84-3847026 # Join us on November 15th, 2024! NAVIGATING FOR A CAUSE: _Boutiq ue Travel Advisors™ _Supports PTSD NOW! Boutique Travel Advisors™ is committed to giving back to our community and driving awareness and support toward meaningful causes. We are proud to announce our 2024 Beneficiary: PTSD NOW!, a Nevada-based non-profit on a mission to radically improve the veteran mental healthcare system and reduce suicide among U.S. Military personnel by advocating for better prevention, identification, and treatment of depression, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. PTSD NOW! is focused to educate policymakers, develop improved military protocols, and fund specialized counseling services for veterans. The organization is currently funding and implementing successful, innovative initiatives in the National Guard across several states including the Purple Resolve program. This program emphasizes solutions focused on proactive prevention and resilience rather than crisis management, to effectively support the wellbeing of individuals and the families of those who serve our country. At the heart of Boutique Travel Advisors™, we believe travel can be a transformative and healing modality by empowering and inspiring individuals and fostering social and cultural understanding on a collective level. By partnering with PTSD NOW! as our 2024 Beneficiary, we are helping contribute to their mission of enhancing veterans’ wellbeing through access to mental health treatments, resources, and support upon returning home from duty, safe and sound. VISIT PTSD NOW! TO LEARN MORE # Boutique Travel Advisors™ Annual 2024 Event _What to Expect_ ![\\"Volanti](\\" content/uploads/2024/08/Volanti.png\\") ###### Volanti Restaurant Scottsdale Photo Credit Volanti Scottsdale # ** _Our Elegant Venue _**Volanti Scottsdale Airpark Our event venue is set against the stunning backdrop of the McDowell Mountains, with a view overlooking the runway at Scottsdale Airport in the Volanti Hangar. Enjoy delicious cuisine and receive two complimentary drinks per guest. # Attire Theme First Class Style Join us in your best cocktail attire, blending urban chic with sophistication. Embrace the essence of first-class travel as we transport you into a world of luxury and adventure. # Join Us for Travel Inspiration and Insights with Prize Chances! Get ready for a thrilling experience at our **Navigating for a Cause** event on **November 15!** You’ll receive a special **passport** to explore the room, where you can learn about **exciting travel options** —from **cruising** to **hotels** and **group adventures.** Collect **stamps** from each destination, and when your passport is filled, you’ll be entered for a chance to win amazing travel experiences and other fantastic prizes! Join us for this interactive scavenger hunt and make your evening unforgettable while supporting **PTSD NOW!** # _Incredible Travel Prizes _Silent Auction & Raffles Boutique Travel Advisors™ chosen partner sponsors will provide multiple opportunities to win thrilling prizes, ranging from exclusive hotel stays to luxury cruise sailings worldwide. Our event proceeds will support PTSD NOW!. # Featured Entertainment Flashback Cadillac We are thrilled to announce Flashback Cadillac as the featured entertainment for our November 15th Navigating for a Cause event, benefiting PTSD NOW! Their high-energy performance will feature a diverse setlist, including classics like “Great Balls of Fire,” “Play That Funky Music,” and “Wagon Wheel.” With decades of experience and a deep passion for live music, Flashback Cadillac is sure to keep the crowd engaged, whether dancing or listening. Join us for an unforgettable evening of music, philanthropy, and community support! Video Credit from Flashback Cadillac Youtube Page # **Travel with Purpose ** Portion of Proceeds from Featured Boutique Travel Advisors™ Trips will go to PTSD NOW! For every cruise and trip reserved through Boutique Travel Advisors™ between now and December 31st, 2024, up to $250 will be donated back to PTSD NOW!, by mentioning **Navigating for a Cause** to your Boutique Travel Advisor. ![\\"Volanti](\\" ###### Volanti Airport Event Decoration and Bar Photo Credit Volanti Scottsdale # Boutique Travel Advisors™ Philanthropy Special 2025 Announcements Co-founders, Angie Rice and Janet Semenova, will be proud to announce our Pillars of Community and next year’s Beneficiary for 2025 during the event. We look forward to seeing you there! _LEARN MORE ABOUT BOUTIQUE TRAVEL ADVISORS™ COMMITMENT TO PHILANTHROPY_ # JOIN US FOR AN EVENING OF CELEBRATION & INSPIRATION Boutique Travel Advisors™ is thrilled to announce our 2024 Annual Event, _Navigating for a Cause_ , at Volanti Scottsdale Airpark on Friday, **November 15th, 2024**. We invite you to join us in support of the important mission of our honored beneficiary, PTSD NOW!, of advocating for effective solutions and resources to support military personnel experiencing stress and depression during deployment and as they reintegrate back into daily life. Join us for a special evening of connection and celebration with the Boutique Travel Advisors™ travel community — our dedicated team, our trusted partner sponsors, and travelers. All guests will enjoy delicious food, drinks, live music, and have the opportunity to win incredible raffle prizes from our generous cruise and land partner sponsors and silent auctioneers. We look forward to _Navigating for a Cause_ , together. BUY YOUR TICKETS _LEARN MORE ABOUT BOUTIQUE TRAVEL ADVISORS™ PHILANTHROPY_ # Navigating for a Cause Title Sponsor # Featured Sailings Friendly Reminder: Every Silversea cruise booked with Boutique Travel Advisors™ before December 31st, 2024 will give $250 back to PTSD NOW! when you mention Navigating for a Cause. _You will receive special promotions when you book with BTA and a give back will be given to PTSD NOW!_ # Upcoming BTA Promotional Sailings with Silversea ITALY – JULY 2025 | SILVER RAY JULY 15-22, 2025 | MONTE,CARLO-MONACO-ROME, ITALY *Classic Veranda – $6,500 per person plus special amenities ALASKA – AUGUST 2025 | SILVER MOON AUGUST 21-28, 2025 SEWARD, ALASKA TO VANCOUVER, CANADA *Classic Veranda $5,800 per person plus special amenities ANTARCTICA – FEBRUARY 2026 SILVER CLOUD | FEBRUARY 25-MARCH 3, 2026 KING GEORGE ISLAND TO KING GEORGE ISLAND *Veranda – $18,900 per person plus special amenities Pricing is based on double occupancy # Voyager Sponsors ![\\"\\"](\\" Right-320x155.png\\") ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-10-at-4.33.31-AM-320x464.png\\") ![\\"seadream\\"](\\" content/uploads/2024/09/seadream-320x202.png\\") # Explorer Sponsors ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2024/08/rbnrewards_logo.jpeg\\") ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2024/09/ak_1.jpg-320x202.webp\\") **Join us on November 15 for Navigating for a Cause! We’re excited to launch special promotions with our preferred suppliers at this event. Take advantage of these amazing experiences and support PTSD NOW! Don’t miss out on this unique opportunity.** # Silent Auction & Raffle Items Needed We are seeking donations for our upcoming silent auction and raffle! Items such as restaurant gift certificates, travel-related merchandise (like suitcases), hotel stays, local experiences, and more will help us raise essential funds. Your contributions will make a significant impact and support our cause. LEARN MORE HERE ## MESSAGE FROM OUR FOUNDERS #### “To our honorable beneficiary, PTSD NOW!, and honorary chairs, Craig and Julie Rauchle, We thank you with our utmost respect and gratitude. We are nothing short of touched and inspired by your commitment to help improve and save the lives of veteran heroes through better mental health awareness and support — BTA is honored to support and advocate for your noble mission. A very special thank you to our supplier partners for generously sponsoring this event and sharing in our commitment to sustainable travel and building communities in the work that we do. Your partnership and support enables us to continuously connect our BTA clients with meaningful, enriching experiences that make a lasting impact. We are deeply grateful for the collaborative efforts provided by our BTA community, including our honored beneficiary, PTSD NOW!, our trusted supplier sponsors, and our dedicated travelers who embrace purposeful and meaningful travel.” We look forward to seeing you on November 15th, 2024. #### – Angie Rice, Janet Semenova & the BTA Team # Message from our Honorary Chairs, Julie & Craig Rauchle, Founders of **PTSD NOW!** #### “We are honored to serve as the honorary chairs. Our son’s journey has deepened our commitment to ending suicide in our military. Your support is crucial. 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Former President Donald Trump eliminated over 700 million in aid that Biden helped get for Central American countries | 3,323 | Facebook Twitter Tumblr CloseFactCheck.org® A Project of The Annenberg Public Policy Center ![\\"Become](\\" mini.png\\"/) ![\\"Follow](\\" twitter.png\\"/) ![\\"Get](\\" ![\\"Follow](\\" instagram-1.png\\"/) ![\\"Sign](\\" ![\\"Help](\\" FactCheck.org® * Home * Articles * Featured Posts * FactCheck Posts * SciCheck * En Español * 2024 elections * Players Guide 2024 * Debunking Viral Claims * Ask a Question * Ask FactCheck * Ask SciCheck * Donate * Topics * President Biden * Donald Trump * Kamala Harris * JD Vance * Tim Walz * health * Coronavirus * immigration * climate change * View All * About Us * Our Mission * Our Process * Our Funding * Our Staff * Undergraduate Fellows * Awards * Request a Correction * Contact Us * Search * More * Viral Claims * Subscribe * Instagram * Threads * YouTube * X (Twitter) * Facebook * TikTok * FactCheck On the Air * Mailbag FactCheck Posts › Featured Posts # FactChecking Biden’s First Press Conference By D\'Angelo Gore, Eugene Kiely, Lori Robertson and Robert Farley Posted on March 25, 2021 * * * * * In his first press conference since being inaugurated 64 days ago, President Joe Biden got some facts wrong: * Biden claimed that former President Donald Trump “eliminated” over $700 million in aid that Biden helped get for Central American countries. That didn’t happen, but the Trump administration did reallocate some money and temporarily suspended other funding. * The president used the wrong statistics when saying that “nothing has changed” regarding “children” trying to enter the U.S. at the southern border. There was a significant 63% uptick in unaccompanied children being apprehended from January to February. * Biden said, “We’re sending back the vast majority of the families that are coming.” But in February, 41% of those in a family unit apprehended at the southern border were expelled. * The president said “over 50%” of Republican voters supported the American Rescue Plan Act. Some polls show that but others show a majority opposed the COVID-19 relief legislation. * He repeated two familiar talking points on taxes, including the misleading claim that “83%” of the benefits in the GOP’s Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are “going to the top 1%.” That only becomes the case in 2027 when most of the individual income tax cuts are set to expire but corporate tax cuts remain. * Biden got it wrong when he said there were five times as many cloture motions “last year alone” than there were “between 1917 and 1971.” There were twice as many motions filed last year than there were from 1917 through 1970. Biden took questions from reporters on March 25. ## Aid to Central America Biden falsely claimed that his predecessor “eliminated” and “didn’t use” more than $700 million in funding to address migration from Central American countries that Biden helped secure when he was vice president. “They’re coming because of the circumstances in country, in country,” Biden said of the thousands of people who are illegally entering the U.S. through Mexico. “The way to deal with this problem, and I started to deal with it back when I was … vice president, putting together a bipartisan plan of over $700 million to do the root causes of why people are leaving. What did Trump do? He eliminated that funding. He didn’t use it. He didn’t do it.” Biden appeared to be referring to funding for the “U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America,” which was as high as $750 million during the Obama administration in fiscal year 2016. It’s true that the annual budget for that initiative declined significantly during Trump’s presidency, but it wasn’t completely “eliminated” or unspent, as Biden said. According to the Congressional Research Service, the nonpartisan research arm of Congress, appropriations for the program declined to $685 million in FY 2017, $615 million in FY 2018, $528 million in FY 2019, $533 million in FY 2020 and $506 million in FY 2021. Biden may have been referencing money that Congress authorized for use in Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador that the Trump administration either reallocated to other initiatives or temporarily suspended in 2019. As a January CRS report said: “From FY2016 to FY2020, Congress appropriated more than $3.1 billion to improve security, governance, and socioeconomic conditions in Central America as part of a whole-of-government initiative to address the drivers of irregular migration. However, in March 2019 — less than two years into the initiative’s on-the-ground implementation — the Trump Administration suspended most foreign aid to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The Administration proceeded to reprogram approximately $396 million of aid appropriated for the Northern Triangle countries in FY2018, reallocating the funds to other foreign policy priorities within, and outside of, the Latin American and Caribbean region.” The report indicated that the Trump administration “withheld most of the assistance Congress appropriated for Central America in FY2019 while it negotiated a series of agreements intended to stem the flow of migrants and asylum-seekers from the Northern Triangle to the United States.” As a result, the report said, the State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development were forced to close down or cancel some projects and planned activities. But CRS also said that — amid criticism from members of Congress who argued the funding freeze was counterproductive — aid to the Northern Triangle countries that was previously held back began to be released late in 2019, and “all of the previously suspended assistance for the region” had been “programmed” by June 2020. ## Immigration: Unaccompanied Children Biden used the wrong statistics when saying that “nothing has changed” regarding “children” trying to enter the U.S. at the southern border. To be sure, there have been spikes before in unaccompanied children arriving at the border, but the uptick in Biden’s first full month in office was significant. > Biden: Truth of the matter is nothing has changed. As many people came, 28% > increase in children to the border in my administration. 31% in the last > year of – in 2019, before the pandemic, in the Trump administration. It > happens every single solitary year. There is a significant increase in the > number of people coming to the border in the winter months of January, > February, March. Biden’s figures don’t pertain to an “increase in children to the border,” as he said. Instead, they pertain to the total number of apprehensions at the border — including single adults and family units. Those figures were cited in a Washington Post opinion piece by immigration experts who, similar to the president, said the rise in total apprehensions reflected “a pattern of seasonal changes,” in which immigrant apprehensions increase in the cooler months of the year. We get slightly different figures using Customs and Border Protection data. There was a 29% increase in total apprehensions from January to February, when the level reached 96,974. In 2019, the January-to-February bump was 39%. As we’ve written, the recent increase in border apprehensions did begin prior to the election under then-President Donald Trump. But the spike in unaccompanied children in the first full month of Biden’s administration is noteworthy — and, with a backlog of processing those children out of border custody facilities, it’s the main aspect of border immigration that has garnered media and political attention. The number of unaccompanied children being apprehended at the border also began rising in October, before the election, but it spiked 63% from January to February, reaching 9,297 kids. The Washington Post opinion piece noted that the apprehensions of unaccompanied children “appears to be more than just a seasonal pattern.” CBP data show the fiscal year 2021 numbers of unaccompanied children apprehended are on track to rival or surpass a spike that occurred in 2019. ## Immigration: Families The president went on to say the “vast majority, the overwhelming majority of people coming to the border and crossing are being sent back,” mentioning “single people.” That’s correct. But then he added, “We’re sending back the vast majority of the families that are coming.” That’s not the case for the month of February, the most recent data from CBP. The administration expelled 41% of family units in February. (See the figures for Title 42 expulsions.) Single adults, who make up the vast majority of those apprehended on the border, have been largely expelled under Title 42, a public health law. We asked the White House about Biden’s claim, but we haven’t received a response. ## Polling on American Rescue Plan Act When told Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said Biden has gone too far left, the president responded by saying “over 50%” of Republican voters supported the American Rescue Plan Act. But public polling offers a more mixed reaction among Republicans to the new law than the president lets on. > Biden: I would like Republican, elected Republican support, but what I know > I have now is, I have electoral support from Republican voters. Republican > voters agree with what I’m doing. And so unless Mitch says the last thing I > did, the last piece of legislation I did was so far left, well, then he > ought to take a look at his party. Over 50% of them must be over that edge, > as well because they support what I did. This has become a talking point for the president. He stated something similar on March 19, when he said “we didn’t get any help in the Senate or the House, but you have 55% of the Republicans in America supporting it,” referring to the COVID-19 relief bill. For sure, there are polls that show more than 50% of Republicans supported the bill earlier this month when it was before Congress. A Morning Consult/Politico poll conducted from March 6 to March 8 found 59% of Republicans surveyed said they “strongly support” (29%) or “somewhat support” (30%) the COVID-19 aid package. Similarly, a Data for Progress poll conducted from March 5 to 7 found 54% of Republicans supported the bill. However, other polls found Republican support below 50% — not “over 50%,” as Biden said. A CNN poll from March 3 to 8 found only 26% of Republicans supported the bill (see Table 031). A Pew Research Center survey from March 1 to 7 found that 41% of Republicans and Republican-leaning independents said they supported the bill. That poll showed a pronounced partisan divide in particular on the cost of the legislation — which was the primary reason for Republican opposition in Congress. Sixty-one percent of Republicans told Pew that the $1.9 trillion bill, which Biden signed into law on March 11, spends too much. Lastly, we found a CBS News/YouGov poll taken from March 9 to 10 found 46% of Republicans supported the American Rescue Plan Act. “Among Republicans, there is more support for it among those with lower household incomes than among those with higher incomes,” CBS News wrote. ## Taxes Comparing his tax priorities to those of Republicans, Biden revived two talking points from the campaign: the misleading claim that 83% of the tax cuts in the Republican tax law championed by Trump went to the top 1%; and the false claim that middle-income families pay a higher tax rate than “the average person making $1 billion a year.” Biden said he found it “kind of interesting that my Republican friends were worried” about “the cost” of tax cuts and relief checks in the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act. The law, he said, “puts money in people’s pockets. Ordinary people.” The law provides an average tax cut to middle-income earners of $3,720 this year, according to an analysis by the Tax Policy Center. The law also includes stimulus payments for most Americans, and extends unemployment compensation. Biden said he didn’t remember hearing Republicans express similar concerns about the cost of the Republican-backed Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which is projected to add nearly $2 trillion to the deficit over 10 years, according to the Congressional Budget Office. “Did you hear them complain when they passed a close to $2 trillion Trump tax cut, 83% going to the top 1%?” Biden said. This is a well-worn but misleading claim. As we have written, in order for the legislation to be passed via reconciliation, most of the individual income tax provisions are set to expire by 2027, while the corporate tax cuts would remain, making the tax benefit distribution more lopsided for the top 1% than in earlier years. So, while the top 1% got 20.5% of the total tax benefits in 2018, and 25.3% of the tax benefits in 2025, the share of the total tax savings that accrues to the top 1% in 2027 is 82.8%, according to an analysis by the Tax Policy Center. Republicans say they expect a future Congress will extend the individual tax cuts, rather than allowing taxes for many to increase, but of course there is no assurance that will happen. Biden went on to claim Republicans “reduc[ed] taxes to a point that people who are making, you know if you are a husband and wife, school teacher and a cop, you’re paying at a higher rate than the average person making $1 billion a year is. Something’s wrong.” Actually, that claim is wrong. It is another version of a claim Biden made during the campaign, that the top 1% of taxpayers, on average, pay a lower effective tax rate than middle-income people. In general, people in higher-income categories pay a higher tax rate. According to an analysis by the Tax Policy Center, the top 0.1% — those making over $3,452,300 a year — paid an average federal tax rate of 31.3% in 2019. That’s a higher rate than any other income category below it. By comparison, for example, those in the middle 20% of earners — with an expanded cash income of $50,001 to $87,300 — paid an average federal tax rate of 12.4%, according to the TPC analysis. The Tax Policy Center did not break down its analysis for billionaires, but they would obviously be a fraction of those in the top 0.1%. “On average the top 0.1 percent of income pays more,” Howard Gleckman, a senior fellow at the Tax Policy Center, told us via email. “Are there outliers? Sure. But would be very rare.” As Gleckman told us back in 2019, “You can invest all your money in tax-exempt bonds and pay no federal income tax on the interest. Investors can avoid paying tax on capital gains by simply not selling the assets (but they’d also have no income). But in general, the federal tax system is very progressive. The more you make, the more you pay.” William McBride, vice president of federal tax and economic policy at the Tax Foundation, told us Biden may be referring to an analysis by economists Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman of the University of California at Berkeley that concluded the average effective tax rate (for federal, state and local taxes) paid by the richest 400 families in the U.S. was 23%, slightly lower than the 24.2% rate paid by the bottom half of American households. McBride notes, however, that the Saez/Zucman data “excludes refundable tax credits so that the tax burden is overstated at the lower end of the income spectrum. When they are included, average effective tax rates for federal taxes go from 3.3% for the lowest quintile up to 30.3% for the top 0.1% (about 120,000 households).” McBride said the Saez/Zucman estimates for the top 400 households “rely on their assumptions about returns imputed from underlying wealth and income shares, which have been challenged by other economists like Gerald Auten and David Splinter. They find that the top 0.01 percent (a bit more than the top 400) paid an average combined tax rate of nearly 50 percent in 2018.” In a post challenging some of the methodology of the Saez/Zucman report, Gleckman of the Tax Policy Center said that while it is true that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act “cut the taxes of high earners by more on average than for low- and moderate-income households, as a share of after-tax income,” that doesn’t mean, as a Washington Post headline put it, that “billionaires paid a lower tax rate than the working class.” ## Cloture Motions Even though he pulled a card out of his pocket to read aloud statistics on the rise in cloture motions, Biden got the numbers wrong. > Biden: That it used to be that from between 1917 and 1971, the filibuster > existed, there were a total of 58 motions to break a filibuster, that whole > time. Last year alone, there were five times that many. So it’s being abused > in a gigantic way. Cloture motions are filed to set a time limit on debate and bring a bill to the floor for a vote. The motion must receive 60 votes to pass — not a simple majority. The Senate website lists all cloture motions since 1917, when the Senate first adopted the cloture rule. We counted a total of 58 from 1917 through 1970, the figure Biden cited. But last year alone there were 118 — which is more than double 58, not five times greater. It appears that the president meant to say in the last Congress — not “last year alone.” In 2019 and 2020, which was the 116th Congress, there were 328 cloture motions filed — which is more than five times the motions filed from 1917 through 1970. But cloture motions aren’t necessarily filed “to break a filibuster,” as Biden said. That used to be the primary use, but not in modern times — a fact noted in a Congressional Research Service report on filibusters and cloture motions. “In recent times, by contrast, Senate leadership has increasingly made use of cloture as a normal tool for managing the flow of business on the floor, even when no evident filibuster has yet occurred,” the CRS report said. “It would be erroneous to assume the presence or absence of cloture attempts is a reliable guide to the presence or absence of filibusters.” Also, both parties are responsible for the escalating use of cloture motions. There were 504 filed in six years (2009-2014) when the Democrats were in control, and 657 in six years (2015-2020) when the Republicans were in charge. Editor’s note: FactCheck.org does not accept advertising. We rely on grants and individual donations from people like you. Please consider a donation. Credit card donations may be made through our “Donate” page. 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Former President Donald Trump eliminated over 700 million in aid that Biden helped get for Central American countries | 3,323 | Search Inputsearch Sectionsmenu Sectionsmenu Democracy Dies in Darkness Try 1 month for $1 Sign inprofile Sign inprofile Fact Checker![\\"Pinocchio](\\"img/pino.png\\"/) Analysis AnalysiscloseInterpretation of the news based on evidence, including data, as well as anticipating how events might unfold based on past events # The false and misleading claims President Biden made during his first 100 days in office ![\\"Joe](\\"img/JoeBiden_tophalf.png\\"/) ![\\"Four](\\"img/4pino.png\\"/) “Under the previous administration, the federal government contracts awarded directly to foreign companies went up 30 percent. That is going to change on our watch.” Jan. 25 ![\\"Four](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) “When I took office three weeks ago, America didn’t have a plan or enough supplies to vaccinate most of the country.” Feb. 11 ![\\"Four](\\"img/4pino.png\\"/) “What I’m worried about is how un-American this whole initiative is. It’s sick. It’s sick … deciding that you’re going to end voting at five o’clock when working people are just getting off work.” March 25 ![\\"Four](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) “I have the list of exactly how many have died: 547,296 Americans dead from the virus — more than all the people killed in World War One, World War Two, the Vietnam War, 9/11. 547,296 Americans.” March 31 ![\\"Four](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) “Independent analysis shows that if we pass this plan, the economy will create 19 million jobs — good jobs, blue-collar jobs, jobs that pay well.” April 2 ![\\"Four](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) “Most people don’t know, you walk into a store and you buy a gun, you have a background check. But you go to a gun show, you can buy whatever you want and no background check.” April 8 By Glenn Kessler, Adrian Blanco and Tyler Remmel Updated April 30 at 12:43 p.m.Originally published April 26, 2021 homeHome shareShare Share on FacebookEmail this linkShare on TwitterShare on PinterestShare on LinkedIn comment0 After four years of a presidency that swamped Americans with a gusher of false and misleading claims, the Joe Biden era has offered a return to a more typical pattern when it comes to a commander in chief and his relationship with the facts — one that features frequent spin and obfuscation or exaggeration, with the occasional canard. Jump to the full databasechevron-right Among the most notable falsehoods of President Biden’s first 100 days in office was his claim — which he made three times — that Georgia’s controversial Republican-backed election law had shortened voting hours. The claim was one of two uttered by Biden to earn the Fact Checker’s “Four Pinocchio” rating, reserved for whoppers — the other being his wildly off-base statement, borrowed from the campaign, that federal contracts “awarded directly to foreign companies” rose by 30 percent under President Donald Trump. More typical for Biden, when he uttered a false statement, was some subtle truth-stretching. He spun that if Congress passed his infrastructure plan, “the economy” would create 19 million additional jobs; only 2.7 million of those jobs could be attributed to the proposal itself. He asserted that as vice president he helped craft an $800 billion strategy to help Central America; it was $750 million. Through April 29, his 100th day, Biden has made 78 false or misleading statements, according to a Washington Post Fact Checker analysis of every speech, interview, tweet or public statement made by the president. That compares to 511 such statements in Trump’s first 100 days. #### Misleading claims in the first 100 days In compiling the database of Biden’s claims in his first 100 days, The Fact Checker used the same methodology as the Trump database that counted more than 30,000 claims over the course of Trump’s presidency. Any statement that would merit at least Two Pinocchios — essentially “half true” — was included. Any claim that was repeated was also included, though unlike Trump, Biden generally does not repeat his false claims if they have been fact-checked as false. Biden’s relatively limited number of falsehoods is a function, at least in part, of the fact that his public appearances consist mostly of prepared texts vetted by his staff. He devotes little time to social media, in contrast to his Twitter-obsessed predecessor, and rarely faces reporters or speaks off the cuff. His press secretary, Jen Psaki, holds lengthy daily briefings with the media, and Cabinet secretaries also speak on Biden’s behalf. All told, through April 29, according to a count by Factba.se, Biden spoke about 30 percent fewer words than Trump and tweeted 65 percent fewer times. He gave only seven interviews, compared to 22 for Trump, and held only two news conferences, compared to nine for Trump. Almost 100 of Trump’s claims came from tweets; only one of Biden’s tweets was deemed false or misleading. Trump made 56 suspect statements at campaign rallies; Biden held only one campaign rally — on his 100th day — where he made one suspect claim. #### How Biden and Trump communicated publicly in the first 100 days About one-eighth of Biden’s false or misleading claims on the list relate to the Georgia voting law, which Democrats charge is part of a GOP effort to seize on Trump’s bogus claims of election fraud to justify the disenfranchisement of minorities. Biden’s claim that the measure shortened voting hours drew sharp criticism from Republicans, who accused Democrats of lying about the bill. In reality, Election Day hours were not changed and the opportunities to cast a ballot in early voting were expanded. Biden aides never provided an explanation for why Biden made this statement — or why it was even repeated in an official statement issued by the White House. Biden has also made some other exaggerated claims about the Georgia law, such as calling it “Jim Crow on steroids.” He was referring to a system that, before passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, systematically denied Black Americans their constitutional right to vote through “literacy tests,” poll taxes and other measures. But the law does not put up roadblocks to Black Americans registering to vote. While Biden exaggerated at times, he often recalibrated his wording in response to news coverage. For instance, he claimed that reporters had said he was “crazy” when he announced a goal of 100 million vaccine shots in 100 days. That was a stretch, as reporters instead had written it was ambitious and potentially difficult. After fact checks appeared, Biden switched to simply saying reporters said the goal was “ambitious.” He pitched his infrastructure plan with a finely tuned claim that “Independent analysis shows that if we pass this plan, the economy will create 19 million jobs.” While the analysis, by Moody’s Analytics, did make that prediction, it attributed only 2.7 million of those additional jobs to the plan itself; most of the other jobs would have been created anyway, with or without the plan. After a flurry of fact checks, the White House dropped the talking point and simply started saying the plan would create “millions” of jobs. Biden has said he ignores Trump, but the former president seems to be ever- present at times in Biden’s mind — and, on occasion, the current president will use exaggerated rhetoric to draw a contrast. During a news conference, Biden claimed, without apparent evidence, that children “starved to death” in Mexico under Trump’s 2019 policy allowing border officers to return non-Mexican asylum seekers to locations in Mexico as their claims are adjudicated in immigration courts. When Biden addressed the pandemic, he also pushed the envelope sometimes to favorably contrast himself with Trump. He said, “When I took office three weeks ago, America didn’t have a plan or enough supplies to vaccinate most of the country,” and that Trump had failed to order enough vaccine doses. In reality, the Trump administration had options in place to buy more vaccines. The Biden team had to fill in the blanks of the plan and it sped up the tempo, but it was wrong to say there was no plan. At another point, he said: “When I took office 50 days ago, only 8 percent of Americans after months, only 8 percent of those over the age of 65 had gotten their first vaccination. Today, that number is 65 percent.” When Biden took office, vaccinations had only been given for about a month, not “months.” Moreover, health-care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, front- line essential workers and people 75 and older were in line to be the first to be vaccinated, which is why a relatively small percentage of people over 65 had been vaccinated. A number of Biden’s statements were flubs. For instance, he said Hispanics were the fastest-growing immigrant population, when their rate of growth has been overtaken by that of Asian Americans in the past decade. Five times, Biden oddly claimed that more Americans had died from the coronavirus than from all of World War I, World War II and the Vietnam War combined (sometimes he added in the Sept. 11 attacks as well). But the number of in-service deaths during World War I, World War II and the Vietnam War combined adds up to about 580,000 deaths, which was more than the covid-19 deaths at the time. The White House initially said the president intended to refer to combat deaths, but that made little sense because then he actually could have said more people have died of covid-19 than in combat during all of America’s wars against foreign enemies. Perhaps the strangest claim made by Biden — which he said twice as president — was that he had “traveled 17,000 miles with” Chinese President Xi Jinping when they were both vice presidents. Biden certainly met with him a lot — but the White House conceded that “traveled with” was not accurate. Moreover, no matter how generously the travel was measured, it never added up to 17,000 miles. How Biden made this calculation — which he also said at least once during the campaign — remains a mystery. ### Explore all of Biden’s false or misleading claims Claims are included if they would receive two or more Pinocchios on the Fact Checker scale. Repeats of the same claim are included. Filter by topic Select... Filter by source Select... Sort by NewestOldestRating (Showing 78 of 78 total claims) April 29Full transcript article-outline link “All America wants to thank you, because here’s what we mean by delivering for the people. We created in the first hundred days. 1,300,000 new jobs — 1,300.000 jobs in one hundred days. That’s more new jobs in the first hundred days of any president in history.”” Analysis: This number probably understates how many jobs have been created in the first 100 days — the job figures for April have not been released — but Biden is giving too much credit to his administration, especially when he compares himself to the first 100 days of other presidents. The economy was already rebounding from the pandemic, and left unsaid was that the economy still has almost 7 million fewer jobs than when the pandemic struck. At The Fact Checker, we are dubious about the practice of measuring job growth by presidential term. Presidents do not create jobs; companies and consumers do. Topic: JobsSource: Campaign Rally Also repeated:April 28 April 29Full transcript article-outline link “That’s the reason why it’s recovering, because we are investing. Look how rapidly it’s recovered since we passed the last piece of legislation. And that legislation was $1.9 trillion.” Analysis: Biden gives too much credit for recent economic growth the his coronavirus relief pacakge that passed in March. Trump signed a big bill in December as well, providing $600 checks to Americans, which is reflected in the strong economic numbers of the first quarter. The full impact of Biden\'s bill will not be felt until later this year. Topic: EconomySource: Interview April 29Full transcript article-outline link “They [Trump administration] didn’t plan for, which it comes every year, this flow, whether it is 22,000 or 10,000 — they didn’t have the beds that were available. They didn’t plan for the overflow. They didn’t plan for the Department of Health and Human Services to have places to take the kids from the border patrol and put them in beds where there were security and there were people who could take care of them.” Analysis: Biden tries to pin the blame on Trump for the number of beds available for migrant children without acknowledging that his own policies helped spur an increase that his administration did not prepare for. Under Trump, there was a peak of about 16,000 beds in August 2019, but after Trump imposed new policies after the pandemic struck, shelter capacity went down to 7,700 beds in part because of social distancing protocols. Biden repealed Trump’s policies before the government had enough time to bolster bed capacity. The number of children in care was about 3,600 in January 2021, according to government figures. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Interview April 28Full transcript article-outline link “Secretary Blinken can tell you, I spent a lot of time with President Xi — traveled over 17,000 miles with him.” Analysis: This was a strange claim — and it was a comment Biden also made during the campaign. But it did not add up. During the Obama administration, it became clear that Xi Jinping, then the vice president, was in line to become the next leader of China. He was largely a mystery to U.S. officials, so Biden was assigned the task of getting to know him. In 2011, Biden traveled to China and over the course of three days met with Xi in various settings. They had a bilateral meeting and formal dinner in Beijing on Aug. 18, co- hosted a business dialogue on Aug. 19 and then visited the city of Chengdu in Sichuan province, along with a high school about 50 miles away in an area where a 2008 earthquake had left 86,000 people dead or missing. They also had a lengthy dinner together in Chengdu. Afterward, Biden flew on to Mongolia. In 2012, Xi visited the United States. On Feb. 14, Biden and Xi gathered at the White House for meetings, including with President Barack Obama, had lunch at the State Department, conducted a business roundtable and finally had dinner at the vice president’s residence at the Naval Observatory. Xi then traveled elsewhere in the United States, including Iowa, before arriving in Los Angeles. Biden flew to Los Angeles to meet Xi there on Feb. 17; they had dinner, among other events. A White House official conceded that Biden’s line of “traveling with” Xi is not accurate. “This was a reference to the total travel back and forth — both internally in the U.S. and China, and as well as internationally — for meetings they held together,” he said. “Some travel was in parallel, some was separately to joint destinations.” But try as we could, however, we still could not get the travel to add up to anything close to 17,000 miles. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Three](\\"img/3pino.png\\"/) Topic: Foreign policySource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:Feb. 16Feb. 5 April 28Full transcript article-outline link “In the process, while this was all going on, the economy created more than 1,300,000 new jobs in 100 days — more jobs in the first 100 days than any president on record.” Analysis: This number probably understates how many jobs have been created in the first 100 days — the job figures for April have not been released — but Biden is giving too much credit to his administration, especially when he compares himself to the first 100 days of other presidents. The economy was already rebounding from the pandemic, and left unsaid was that the economy still has almost 7 million fewer jobs than when the pandemic struck. At The Fact Checker, we are dubious about the practice of measuring job growth by presidential term. Presidents do not create jobs; companies and consumers do. Topic: JobsSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:April 29 April 28Full transcript article-outline link “When I was sworn in on January 20th, less than 1 percent of the seniors in America were fully vaccinated against covid-19. One hundred days later, 70 percent of seniors in America over 65 are protected — fully protected.” Analysis: This is a misleading statistic. When Biden took office, vaccinations had only been given for about a month. Moreover, health-care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, frontline essential workers and people over the age of 75 were in line to be the first to be vaccinated, which is why a relatively small percentage of people over 65 had been fully vaccinated. Biden offers various versions of this statistic; we are including statements when he specifically notes the percentage on the date he took office. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:April 27April 21April 6March 29March 11 April 28Full transcript article-outline link “Over 11 million undocumented folks — the vast majority are here overstaying visas.” Analysis: Biden, in an ad-lib in his address to Congress, said most undocumented migrants are people who enter the United States legally and then overstay their visas, a phenomenon involving air travelers from Asia or Europe, rather than Spanish-speaking migrants trekking to the border. He’s not totally off base, but was wrong to say the “vast majority” overstayed their visas. Government statistics and independent studies show that in recent years, visa overstays have in fact outpaced migrations from unauthorized border-crossings. In fiscal 2017, the Department of Homeland Security reported 606,926 suspected in-country overstays, or twice the number of southern border apprehensions. In fiscal 2016, U.S. officials reported 408,870 southern border apprehensions and 544,676 suspected in-country overstays. The Center for Migration Studies of New York, a think tank, found in a recent study that visa overstays “significantly exceeded” border-crossing migrations for the seventh straight year in 2017. The issue here is that Biden was speaking about the entire undocumented population accumulated over time. He didn\'t limit his comments to the migration dynamics seen in recent years. When looking comprehensively across decades, border-crossings are still the top driver of undocumented migration. In fact, the recent surge at the border in 2019 and in Biden’s early months may have substantially changed the percentages. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:Feb. 16 April 28Full transcript article-outline link “When I was vice president, the president asked me to focus on providing the help needed to address the root causes of migration. And it helped keep people in their own countries instead of being forced to leave. The plan was working, but the last administration decided it was not worth it.” Analysis: Trump cut the budget for the program, U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, but he did not eliminate it, according to the Congressional Research Service. Spending fell from a high of $750 million under President Barack Obama to $506 million in fiscal 2021. The Trump administration suspended most foreign aid to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras while it sought agreements on migrants and asylum-seekers, but eventually the aid was restored. Topic: Foreign policySource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:March 25March 24 April 28Full transcript article-outline link “Talk to most responsible gun owners and hunters. They’ll tell you there’s no possible justification for having 100 rounds in a weapon. What do you think — deer are wearing Kevlar vests? They’ll tell you that there are too many people today who are able to buy a gun but shouldn’t be able to buy a gun.” Analysis: Numerous surveys show that a vast majority of Americans, including gun owners, support enhanced background checks. But Biden went too far in claiming that \"most\" gun owners also support a ban on large-capacity magazines. Gun owners are divided. In a 2019 NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll, 47 percent of gun owners supported such a ban while 50 percent were against it. A 2019 Washington Post/ABC News poll found 48 percent support and 48 percent against, and a 2017 Pew Research poll found only 44 percent support. Topic: GunsSource: Prepared Speech April 28Full transcript article-outline link “There’s a broad consensus of economists — left, right, center — and they agree that what I’m proposing will help create millions of jobs and generate historic economic growth.” Analysis: There is also a consensus of economists -- left, right and center -- who have expressed disapproval of Biden\'s policies. The response has not been universal praise as Biden suggests. Some of Biden\'s critics, from all idelologies, have expressed concern about the possible inflationary impact of his many spending proposals. Others have concluded the tax increases will be a drag on long-term economic growth. Topic: EconomySource: Prepared Speech April 27Full transcript article-outline link “Less than 1 percent of seniors were fully vaccinated when I took office. Today, in less than 100 days, more than 67 percent -- two thirds of our seniors -- are now fully vaccinated. Analysis: This is a misleading statistic. When Biden took office, vaccinations had only been given for about a month. Moreover, health-care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, frontline essential workers and people over the age of 75 were in line to be the first to be vaccinated, which is why a relatively small percentage of people over 65 had been fully vaccinated. Biden offers various versions of this statistic; we are including statements when he specifically notes the percentage on the date he took office. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Also repeated:April 28April 21April 6March 29March 11 April 21Full transcript article-outline link “When I took office, 8 percent of the people over 65 had received their first shot.” Analysis: This is a misleading statistic. When Biden took office, vaccinations had only been given for about a month. Moreover, health-care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, frontline essential workers and people over the age of 75 were in line to be the first to be vaccinated, which is why a relatively small percentage of people over 65 had been vaccinated. Biden offers various versions of this statistic; we are including statements when he specifically notes the percentage on the date he took office. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Also repeated:April 28April 27April 6March 29March 11 April 17Full transcript article-outline link “The problem was that the refugee part was working on the crisis that ended up on the border with young people. We couldn’t do two things at once.” Analysis: After initially indicating he would raise the refugee cap to 62,500 in fiscal 2021, Biden pulled back after an unexpected surge of migrants at the southern border. He may have been worried about the political optics, but experts said that conflating the refugee problem with the migrant problem is misleading. The Office of Refugee Resettlement has been strained by the migrant surge, but when it comes to refugees, the agency is mainly a funding vehicle for nonprofit organizations that handle the settlement of refugees throughout the country. The Trump administration closed resettlement offices, but those would be reopened if the Biden administration turned on the funding spigot again by lifting the refugee cap. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Remarks April 16Full transcript article-outline link “The folks who own weapons, the folks who own guns, they support universal background checks. The majority of them think we should not be selling assault weapons.” Analysis: Numerous surveys show that a vast majority of Americans, including gun owners, support enhanced background checks. But Biden went too far in claiming that a majority of gun owners also support a ban on assault weapons. The White House could not point to a poll that supported the claim, while a 2019 Washington Post poll found that a narrow majority of gun owners opposed it. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: GunsSource: News Conference April 12Full transcript article-outline link “This is a moment for American strength and American unity; for government, industries, communities to work together to make sure that we’re ready to meet the global competition that lies ahead, not continuing to slide in terms of our investment. We’re ranked, like, number 25th in the world now. That’s not American.” Analysis: Biden knocks the United States down a few pegs. The United States actually ranks 13th for infrastructure, according to the global competitiveness rankings by the World Economic Forum. But even that figure is still a bit misleading as the ranking lacks context. \"Of the 12 economies the WEF ranked ahead of the United States in 2019, three — Singapore, Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates — are tiny coastal city-states. It’s patently spurious to compare their infrastructure challenges with those of the United States,\" noted Washington Post columnist Charles Lane. \"Among the 10 geographically largest countries, including Canada, Australia, China and Russia, the United States places first, based on WEF criteria. The United States is also top among the 10 most populous countries.\" If one considered the European countries as a single unit, given many share infrastructure costs, the United States would rank fifth. Topic: EconomySource: Remarks April 9Full transcript article-outline link “The average rapist rapes about six times.” Analysis: Biden is relying on a figure for college rapists that is derived from a 2002 study that has come under fire from sexual-assault experts. Other peer-reviewed studies have come up with lower figures, though again they are generally in the college context. Several experts called on Biden to withdraw his statement. Obviously, The Fact Checker cannot litigate the debate between the study\'s author and his critics. But the White House should be aware of the dispute and be more cautious about validating a statistic that may or may not be correct. Otherwise, Biden may be perpetuating misinformation. Ordinarily, given the academic dispute, we’d consider this a Two-Pinocchio claim. But because the president turned a study about campus rape into a statistic about the average rapist, he earns Three Pinocchios. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Three](\\"img/3pino.png\\"/) Topic: MiscellaneousSource: Remarks April 8Full transcript article-outline link “Most people don’t know, you walk into a store and you buy a gun, you have a background check. But you go to a gun show, you can buy whatever you want and no background check.” Analysis: Biden’s phrasing can leave the impression that no background checks are required at gun shows. But a person at a gun show engaged in the business of selling guns needs a Federal Firearms License (FFL) and must conduct background checks and file substantial paperwork. Gun dealers who pretend to be gun hobbyists but actively trade guns at gun shows are prosecuted. Studies suggest most sales at gun shows are made by licensed retailers. In fact, the Congressional Research Service, after examining several studies, including a 2016 survey of where federal and state prisoners obtained the firearms used in their crimes, concluded in 2019: “Private firearms sales at gun shows or any similar venue did not appear to be a significant source of guns carried by these offenders, while private transfers among family members, friends, and acquaintances did appear to account for a significant source of such firearms.” The White House said that Biden was not saying that every gun at gun shows was sold without background checks, but simply that a person can buy a gun from unlicensed sellers at gun shows who sell guns without background checks or any paperwork that would document the transaction. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: GunsSource: Remarks April 8Full transcript article-outline link “The only industry in America, a billion-dollar industry, that can’t be sued, has been exempt from being sued, are gun manufacturers.” Analysis: The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), signed by President George W. Bush in 2005, generally shields gun manufacturers and dealers from having to face lawsuits over violent crimes committed with the weapons they sell. The law comes with six exceptions, however, so Biden is wrong to claim that the gun industry is totally immune. One exception applies when “a manufacturer or seller of a qualified product knowingly violated a State or Federal statute applicable to the sale or marketing of the product, and the violation was a proximate cause of the harm for which relief is sought.” The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2019 that gun manufacturer Remington Arms could be sued under this exception for potentially violating the state’s Unfair Trade Practices Act. The U.S. Supreme Court later declined to review the ruling, meaning it stands as the law in Connecticut. Topic: GunsSource: Remarks April 8Full transcript article-outline link “States that have red-flag laws have seen a reduction in the number of suicides in their states.” Analysis: Biden is referring to extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws, which authorize the removal of firearms from people determined by a court to be at risk for committing gun violence. But a 2020 Rand Corporation review of gun studies found that it was too soon to make such a sweeping claim. “Although the findings for Indiana’s law are suggestive, considering the strength of this evidence and potential issues of generalizability, we find inconclusive evidence for the effect of extreme risk protection orders on total and firearm suicides,” the report said. Topic: GunsSource: Remarks April 6Full transcript article-outline link “More than 75 percent of the people over the age of 65 have gotten shots, up from 8 percent when we took office. That’s a dramatic turnaround and critical because seniors account for 80 percent of all covid deaths.” Analysis: This is a misleading statistic. When Biden took office, vaccinations had only been given for about a month. Moreover, health-care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, frontline essential workers and people over the age of 75 were in line to be the first to be vaccinated, which is why a relatively small percentage of people over 65 had been vaccinated. Biden offers various versions of this statistic; we are including statements when he specifically notes the percentage on the date he took office. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Also repeated:April 28April 27April 21March 29March 11 April 2Full transcript article-outline link “Independent analysis shows that if we pass this plan, the economy will create 19 million jobs — good jobs, blue-collar jobs, jobs that pay well.” Analysis: Biden\'s finely tuned talking point can leave a misleading impression. The Moody\'s Analytics report offered three scenarios for job growth: with no government intervention, with just the American Rescue Plan, and with both the American Rescue Plan and the American Jobs Plan, the moniker for the infrastructure proposal. With the AJP, the economy will create 18.96 million jobs between the fourth quarter of 2020 and the fourth quarter of 2030, but if the infrastructure plan was not passed, the economy would create 16.3 million jobs in that time period. As a result of the infrastructure plan, almost 2.7 million additional jobs would be created over 10 years, the report says. Biden carefully does not say the infrastructure plan would create 19 million jobs; instead, he says the economy would create that many jobs if the plan was passed. That language is just on the edge of being technically correct, but some listeners will come to believe that the infrastructure bill would create 19 million jobs all by itself. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: EconomySource: Remarks April 2Full transcript article-outline link “Raising taxes, the studies show, will not slow the economy at all. Asking corporate America just to pay their fair share will not slow the economy at all. It will make the economy function better and will create more energy”. Analysis: Biden may be right in the long run, but he cannot make such a definitive statement. His proposed corporate tax increases will initially slow economic growth, according to the same Moody\'s Analytics report the president cites for his 19 million jobs estimate. The report predicts that growth will slow slightly in early 2022, trimming about 22,000 jobs, as the impact of Biden’s proposed tax increases are felt before infrastructure spending really gets started later that year. Moreover, the Penn-Wharton Budget model concluded that the combination of tax increases and additional government debt incurred by the plan would slow economic growth slightly, leaving the economy 0.8 percent smaller in 2050 than it otherwise would have been. Topic: TaxesSource: Remarks March 31Full transcript article-outline link “I have the list of exactly how many have died: 547,296 Americans dead from the virus — more than all the people killed in World War One, World War Two, the Vietnam War, 9/11. 547,296 Americans.” Analysis: The number of in-service deaths during World War I, World War II and Vietnam War combined adds up to about 580,000 deaths. When we first looked into this, a White House official told The Fact Checker that the president intended to refer to combat deaths in World War I, World War II and Vietnam, which we noted is under 400,000, but he inadvertently omitted that qualifier in his remarks. That was odd because in a similar statement in his inaugural address, Biden referred to in-service deaths. Indeed, if Biden was using only battlefield deaths, he actually could have said more people died of covid-19 than in combat during all of America’s wars against foreign enemies. Despite our fact check, Biden kept leaving off the qualifier referring to battlefield deaths and so kept making this mistake. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:March 19March 11Feb. 25Feb. 22 March 31Full transcript article-outline link “I’d note, parenthetically, that I got criticized for giving tax breaks to middle-class and poor folks this last time. I didn’t hear that cry — hue and cry when we were doing the same thing when Trump’s tax bill passed and 83 percent of the money went to the top 1 percent.” Analysis: This is a misleading Democratic talking point that has often earned Two Pinocchios. The nonpartisan Tax Policy Center estimated that initially more than 80 percent of taxpayers would get a tax cut, with less than 5 percent getting a tax increase. The top 1 percent received 20.5 percent of the tax cut in 2018. But the individual tax cuts expire over the course of the decade. Republicans structured the tax cut this way to keep the whole package — especially the corporate tax cut — in a budget box that allowed only for a $1.5 trillion increase in the federal deficit over 10 years. The assumption — possibly a big one — is that Congress will vote to extend the tax cuts when they begin to expire, just as most of the George W. Bush tax cuts were extended, with the eventual support of Democrats who had long opposed the Bush-era cuts. So Democrats prefer to focus on the TPC estimates for 2027, when the study shows 82.8 percent of the tax cuts will flow to the top 1 percent. But it\'s not 2027 yet, so most taxpayers are still getting some kind of tax cut. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: TaxesSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:March 25March 16 March 31Full transcript article-outline link “You’re going to close a polling place at 5 o’clock when working people just get off. This is all about keeping working folks, ordinary folks that I grew up with, from being able to vote.” Analysis: Biden makes an unfounded attack on an election bill signed into law in Georgia. Election Day hours were not changed and the opportunities to cast a ballot in early voting were expanded. The law made a modest change, replacing a vague “normal business hours” — presumed to be 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. — to a more specific 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. time period. (Some rural county election offices only worked part time during the week, not a full eight-hour day, so the shift to more specific times makes it clear they must be open every weekday for at least eight hours.) But that’s the minimum. Under the new law, counties have the option to extend the voting hours so voters can start casting ballots as early as 7 a.m. and as late as 7 p.m. — the same as Election Day in Georgia. Moreover, an additional mandatory day of early voting on Saturday was added and two days of early voting on Sunday were codified as an option for counties. The White House did not provide an explanation for Biden\'s erroneous statement. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Four](\\"img/4pino.png\\"/) Topic: ElectionSource: Interview Also repeated:March 26March 25 March 31Full transcript article-outline link “Imagine passing a law saying you cannot provide water or food for someone standing in line to vote.” Analysis: Biden\'s language is very carefully phrased but it might provide a misleading impression of a new election law in Georgia. Long lines have often been experienced during Georgia’s elections, especially in majority-Black districts. Food and water would be distributed while people stood in line. But Georgia officials said such assistance has been viewed as a way to sway votes. The new Georgia law, in what was pitched as an anti-bribery statute, makes that illegal if such assistance occurs within 150 feet of the building where voting is taking place, or within 25 feet of a voting line. The law added, however, that poll workers were not prohibited from “making available self- service water from an unattended receptacle to an elector waiting in line to vote.” In other words, self-service water can be donated and provided, as long as it is not associated with political campaigns. Voters are also free to bring or buy food and drink for themselves. Biden skips over this nuance by focusing on the bringing of water. Other states, such as New York and Montana, also have a prohibition on distributing food and drink to voters. Topic: ElectionSource: Interview Also repeated:March 26March 25 March 31Full transcript article-outline link “This is Jim Crow on steroids, what they are doing in Georgia.” Analysis: This is rhetorical overkill. \"Jim Crow\" refers to a system that, before passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, systematically denied Black Americans their constitutional right to vote through “literacy tests,” poll taxes and other measures. Biden might argue that some provisions of the law are aimed at Black voters or counties with large Black populations — though advocates of the law deny that. But unlike the Jim Crow era, the law does not put up roadblocks to Black people registering to vote. Still, it\'s a close call as the new voting law certainly appears to be a reaction to the fact that Democrats won the presidential contest and two Senate seats in 2020 on the strength of Black votes. Topic: ElectionSource: Interview Also repeated:March 26 March 29Full transcript article-outline link “When I took office on January 20th, that number [of those over 65 who were vaccinated] was 8 percent. It’s going to 75 percent.” Analysis: This is a misleading statistic. When Biden took office, vaccinations had only been given for about a month. Moreover, health-care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, frontline essential workers and people over the age of 75 were in line to be the first to be vaccinated, which is why a relatively small percentage of people over 65 had been vaccinated. Biden offers various versions of this statistic; we are including statements when he specifically notes the percentage on the date he took office. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Also repeated:April 28April 27April 21April 6March 11 March 26Full transcript article-outline link “Among the outrageous parts of this new state law, it ends voting hours early so working people can’t cast their vote after their shift is over.” Analysis: Biden makes an unfounded attack on an election bill signed into law in Georgia. Election Day hours were not changed and the opportunities to cast a ballot in early voting were expanded. The law made a modest change, replacing a vague “normal business hours” — presumed to be 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. — to a more specific 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. time period. (Some rural county election offices only worked part time during the week, not a full eight-hour day, so the shift to more specific times makes it clear they must be open every weekday for at least eight hours.) But that’s the minimum. Under the new law, counties have the option to extend the voting hours so voters can start casting ballots as early as 7 a.m. and as late as 7 p.m. — the same as Election Day in Georgia. Moreover, an additional mandatory day of early voting on Saturday was added and two days of early voting on Sunday were codified as an option for counties. The White House did not provide an explanation for Biden\'s erroneous statement. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Four](\\"img/4pino.png\\"/) Topic: ElectionSource: Statement Also repeated:March 31March 25 March 26Full transcript article-outline link “It makes it a crime to provide water to voters while they wait in line.” Analysis: Biden\'s language is very carefully phrased but it might provide a misleading impression of a new election law in Georgia. Long lines have often been experienced during Georgia’s elections, especially in majority-Black districts. Food and water would be distributed while people stood in line. But Georgia officials said such assistance has been viewed as a way to sway votes. The new Georgia law, in what was pitched as an anti-bribery statute, makes that illegal if such assistance occurs within 150 feet of the building where voting is taking place, or within 25 feet of a voting line. The law added, however, that poll workers were not prohibited from “making available self- service water from an unattended receptacle to an elector waiting in line to vote.” In other words, self-service water can be donated and provided, as long as it is not associated with political campaigns. Biden skips over this nuance by focusing on the providing of water. Voters are also free to bring or buy food and drink for themselves. Other states, such as New York and Montana, also have a prohibition on distributing food and drink to voters. Topic: ElectionSource: Statement Also repeated:March 31March 25 March 26Full transcript article-outline link “This is Jim Crow in the 21st century.” Analysis: We debated whether this should be considered opinion — or overheated, misleading rhetoric. We ultimately decided to include Biden\'s description of the election law in Georgia as it was part of an official presidential statement and thus was not an off-the-cuff comment. \"Jim Crow\" refers to a system that, before passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, systematically denied Black Americans their constitutional right to vote through “literacy tests,” poll taxes and other measures. Biden might argue that some provisions of the law are aimed at Black voters or counties with large Black populations — though advocates of the law deny that. But unlike the Jim Crow era, the law does not put up roadblocks to Black people registering to vote. Still, it\'s a close call as the new voting law certainly appears to be a reaction to the fact that Democrats won the presidential contest and two Senate seats in 2020 on the strength of Black votes. Topic: ElectionSource: Statement Also repeated:March 31 March 25Full transcript article-outline link “That’s right, 200 million shots in 100 days. I know it’s ambitious, twice our original goal, but no other country in the world has even come close, not even close to what we are doing.” Analysis: Biden is correct that the United States has vaccinated more people than any other country — about 130 million people, compared with 83 million for China, 53 million for India and 31 million for the United Kingdom. But that’s a raw number that lacks context. At least a dozen countries, such as Chile, Israel and the United Kingdom, have vaccinated a greater percentage of their population. For instance, while the United States has provided 39 doses out of every 100 people, Israel has done 114 doses, the United Arab Emirates 77 doses, Chile 47 doses and the United Kingdom 46 doses. (Most of the other nations ahead of the United States in the per capita ranking are small, island countries.) Topic: CoronavirusSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “To hear them [Republicans] complain when they passed a close to $2 trillion Trump tax cut, 83 percent going to the top 1 percent.” Analysis: This is a misleading Democratic talking point that has often earned Two Pinocchios. The nonpartisan Tax Policy Center estimated that initially more than 80 percent of taxpayers would get a tax cut, with less than 5 percent getting a tax increase. The top 1 percent received 20.5 percent of the tax cut in 2018. But the individual tax cuts expire over the course of the decade. Republicans structured the tax cut this way to keep the whole package — especially the corporate tax cut — in a budget box that allowed only for a $1.5 trillion increase in the federal deficit over 10 years. The assumption — possibly a big one — is that Congress will vote to extend the tax cuts when they begin to expire, just as most of the George W. Bush tax cuts were extended, with the eventual support of Democrats who had long opposed the Bush-era cuts. So Democrats prefer to focus on the TPC estimates for 2027, when the study shows, 82.8 percent of the tax cuts will flow to the top 1 percent. But it\'s not 2027 yet, so most taxpayers are still getting some kind of tax cut. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: TaxesSource: News Conference Also repeated:March 31March 16 March 25Full transcript article-outline link “I also set a goal before I took office, of getting a majority of schools in K through 8 fully open in the first 100 days. Now, thanks to the enormous amount of work done by our administration, educators, parents, local, state education officials and leaders, a recent Department of Education survey shows that nearly half of the K-through-8 schools are open now, full time, five days a week for in-person learning.” Analysis: Biden is referring to a survey, released the day before, that surveyed schools on the situation in January, just as Biden took office. So the numbers do not reflect anything that has happened on Biden’s watch. Moreover, Biden overstated what the survey found. The National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) survey found that 47 percent of schools serving fourth-grade students and 46 percent of schools serving eighth-grade students that participated in the survey were open for in-person learning. But only 38 percent of fourth-grade schools and 28 percent of eighth-grade schools were open full time, five days a week. Seventeen percent of fourth-grade schools and 20 percent of eighth-grade schools offered a hybrid of remote and in- person teaching. Topic: EducationSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “Well, look, the idea that I’m going to say, which I would never do, that if an unaccompanied child ends up at the border, we’re just going to let them starve to death and stay on the other side — no previous administration did that either, except Trump.” Analysis: Biden claimed, without apparent evidence, that children “starved to death” in Mexico under Trump’s 2019 policy allowing border officers to return non-Mexican asylum seekers to locations in Mexico as their claims are adjudicated in immigration courts. Asked for evidence of such deaths, a White House official referred to reports of “widely reported treacherous conditions at camps along the border on the Mexican side that formed as a result of the Trump administration’s use of the Migrant Protection Protocol, more commonly known as ‘Remain in Mexico.’” A nurse, for instance, told Reuters that in the camps, “she saw breastfeeding mothers so dehydrated that they could not nurse their babies and parents chewing up donated pizza into mush to feed their infants. Some children were showing early signs of malnutrition.” One woman in the camp told the Guardian: “We\'ve gone hungry. We\'ve been cold. We\'ve had to bathe in the river. This is a desperate place.” The American Immigration Council also reported on the case of a woman who feared her daughter would die of starvation. These reports are certainly compelling, but none documented the deaths of children by starvation. Nevertheless, a 2020 report by Physicians for Human Rights described cases of asylum seekers being dismembered or tortured as they waited in Mexico. Topic: ImmigrationSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “We’re sending back the vast majority of the families that are coming.” Analysis: This is false. Only 41 percent were turned away in February — and preliminary March numbers indicated fewer than 20 percent were being sent back. Topic: ImmigrationSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “It happens every single solitary year. There is a significant increase in the number of people coming to the border in the winter months of January, February, March. ... The reason they’re coming is that it’s the time they can travel with the least likelihood of dying on the way because of the heat in the desert.” Analysis: Biden sugarcoated an unusual situation on the border. The numbers do not spike in the winter “every single solitary year.\" In 2017, for instance, apprehensions and encounters with “inadmissible” migrants declined through the winter. The increase over the preceding eight weeks appears to be especially sharp, and Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas said earlier in March that the United States is “on pace to encounter more individuals on the southwest border than we have in the last 20 years.” In March, the number of unaccompanied teens and children taken into custody is on pace to exceed 17,000, a record, and overall arrests and detentions by U.S. Customs and Border Protection are projected to surpass 150,000 for March, preliminary figures showed. Topic: ImmigrationSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “Ninety of the Fortune 500 companies making billions of dollars not paying a cent in taxes.” Analysis: Biden loves this statistic, but he usually is careful to say “federal taxes.” Simply saying “taxes” makes it wrong, because no matter what the federal tax liability, these companies certainly pay a variety of payroll, real estate, and local or state taxes. In a 2019 report, the left-leaning Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (ITEP) concluded that 91 profitable companies in the Fortune 500 did not pay any federal income tax, largely as a result of the 2017 tax law, such as through deductions for investment that Trump promoted in the bill. The group said an additional 56 companies paid effective tax rates between zero and 5 percent on their 2018 income, for an average effective tax rate of 2.2 percent. It’s worth noting that companies do not fully disclose their tax liability in their filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, so this statistic is the product of research and analysis by the ITEP. But the group has done this for many years, and certainly the comparison of estimated taxes paid before and after the tax bill is relevant. Topic: TaxesSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “I would like elected Republican support, but what I know I have now is I that have electoral support from Republican voters. Republican voters agree with what I’m doing. … Over 50 percent of them must be over that edge, as well, because they support what I did.” Analysis: Biden overstates his support from Republicans, according to Washington Post pollsters Scott Clement and Emily Guskin. “Polls show majorities of Republicans across the country opposed the stimulus bill, although polls show most Republicans supported some key parts of the legislation,” they wrote. “Across five national polls since late February, between 54 percent and 73 percent of Republicans opposed the $1.9 trillion stimulus package. The bill enjoyed majority support from the public overall — from a low of 61 percent to a high of 75 percent in polls by CNN, Monmouth University, the Pew Research Center, CBS/YouGov and YouGov/Economist.” Topic: MiscellaneousSource: News Conference Also repeated:March 11 March 25Full transcript article-outline link “The way to deal with this problem — and I started to deal with it back when I was a United States senator — I mean, vice president — putting together a bipartisan plan of over $700 million to deal with the root causes of why people are leaving. What did Trump do? He eliminated that funding. He didn’t use it. He didn’t do it. Analysis: Trump cut the budget for the program, U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, but he did not eliminate it, according to the Congressional Research Service. Spending fell from a high of $750 million under President Barack Obama to $506 million in fiscal 2021. The Trump administration suspended most foreign aid to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras while it sought agreements on migrants and asylum-seekers, but eventually the aid was restored. Topic: ImmigrationSource: News Conference Also repeated:April 28March 24 March 25Full transcript article-outline link “You know, if you’re a husband and wife, schoolteacher and a cop, you’re paying at a higher rate than the average person making a billion dollars a year is.” Analysis: With few unusual exceptions, this is false. The U.S. tax code is progressive and people making higher incomes tend to pay a higher percentage in taxes. Topic: TaxesSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “Between 1917 and 1971 the filibuster existed, there were a total of 58 motions to break a filibuster that whole time. Last year alone, there were five times that many.” Analysis: When Biden refers to a motion to “break a filibuster,” he is talking about a vote to invoke cloture — ending Senate debate on a bill or a nomination. There were 298 votes on cloture in the 2019-2020 session (which is two years, not one year), but in all but 18 cases, the debate was ended and a final vote could take place. Biden does not mention that Democrats, then in the minority, were responsible for most, if not all, of these filibusters. There were 118 cloture motions filed in 2020 alone, about double the amount filed between 1917 and 1971. Topic: MiscellaneousSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “What I’m worried about is how un-American this whole initiative is. It’s sick. It’s sick … deciding that you’re going to end voting at five o’clock when working people are just getting off work.” Analysis: Biden makes an unfounded attack on an election bill pending in Georgia. Election Day hours were not changed and the opportunities to cast a ballot in early voting were expanded. The law made a modest change, replacing a vague “normal business hours” — presumed to be 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. — to a more specific 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. time period. (Some rural county election offices only worked part time during the week, not a full eight-hour day, so the shift to more specific times makes it clear they must be open every weekday for at least eight hours.) But that’s the minimum. Under the new law, counties have the option to extend the voting hours so voters can start casting ballots as early as 7 a.m. and as late as 7 p.m. — the same as Election Day in Georgia. Moreover, an additional mandatory day of early voting on Saturday was added and two days of early voting on Sunday were codified as an option for counties. The White House did not provide an explanation for Biden\'s erroneous statement. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Four](\\"img/4pino.png\\"/) Topic: ElectionSource: News Conference Also repeated:March 31March 26 March 25Full transcript article-outline link “Deciding in some states that you cannot bring water to people standing in line, waiting to vote.” Analysis: Biden\'s language is very carefully phrased but it might provide a misleading impression of a new election law in Georgia. Long lines have often been experienced during Georgia’s elections, especially in majority-Black districts. Food and water would be distributed while people stood in line. But Georgia officials said such assistance has been viewed as a way to sway votes. The new Georgia law, in what was pitched as an anti-bribery statute, makes that illegal if such assistance occurs within 150 feet of the building where voting is taking place, or within 25 feet of a voting line. The law added, however, that poll workers were not prohibited from “making available self- service water from an unattended receptacle to an elector waiting in line to vote.” In other words, self-service water can be donated and provided, as long as it is not associated with political campaigns. Biden skips over this nuance by focusing on the bringing of water. Voters are also free to bring or buy food and drink for themselves. Other states, such as New York and Montana, also have a prohibition on distributing food and drink to voters. Topic: ElectionSource: News Conference Also repeated:March 31March 26 March 25Full transcript article-outline link ″....deciding that there will be no absentee ballots under the most rigid circumstances.” Analysis: Neither of the laws being pushed by Republicans in Georgia and Iowa at the time of this comment eliminated absentee ballots, though they did tighten some rules. Iowa decided that ballots must arrive by 8 p.m. on Election Day, while Georgia dropped signature verification and instead added a requirement that absentee-ballot voters provide the number of their driver’s license or free state-provided ID, or a photocopy of the IDs given to people like members of the military or government employees. Also in Georgia, the period to apply for absentee ballots was cut in half, from nearly six months before an election to less than three, and applications must be received by election officials at least 11 days before an election. That certainly could reduce the number of people who seek absentee ballots, but it does not mean there would be \"no\" absentee ballots. Topic: ElectionSource: News Conference March 25Full transcript article-outline link “I still think the majority of the American people don’t like the fact that we are now ranked, what, 85th in the world in infrastructure. ... We have somewhere, in terms of infrastructure — we have — we rank 13th globally in infrastructure.” Analysis: Biden initially misspoke, plunking the United States near the bottom of the World Economic Forum’s 2019 global infrastructure rankings. The world doesn\'t even have 85 developed countries, as defined by intergovernmental organizations, with similar systems of transportation and utilities to compare. Later in his news conference, Biden got the figure right, 13th place, but it\'s still a bit misleading as the number lacks context. \"Of the 12 economies the WEF ranked ahead of the United States in 2019, three — Singapore, Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates — are tiny coastal city- states. It’s patently spurious to compare their infrastructure challenges with those of the United States,\" noted Washington Post columnist Charles Lane. \"Among the 10 geographically largest countries, including Canada, Australia, China and Russia, the United States places first, based on WEF criteria. The United States is also top among the 10 most populous countries.\" If one considered the European countries as a single unit, given many share infrastructure costs, the United States would rank fifth in the world. Topic: EconomySource: News Conference March 24Full transcript article-outline link “Unfortunately, the last administration eliminated that funding [for the Northern Triangle] — did not engage in it, did not use it — even though there was over $700 million to help get this done.” Analysis: Trump cut the budget for the program, U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America, but he did not eliminate it, according to the Congressional Research Service. Spending fell from a high of $750 million under President Barack Obama to $506 million in fiscal 2021. The Trump administration suspended most foreign aid to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras while it sought agreements on migrants and asylum-seekers, but eventually the aid was restored. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Remarks Also repeated:April 28March 25 March 24Full transcript article-outline link “So this new surge we’re dealing with now started with the last administration, but it’s our responsibility to deal with it humanely and to — and to stop what’s happening.” Analysis: Biden cannot pin all of the immigration surge on Trump. After Trump implemented an order in March 2020 that turned away just about everyone at the border, there was an increase in single adults who tried over and over again to enter the country. By October 2020, 40 percent of all people arrested had crossed the border multiple times that year, according to the American Immigration Council. In November, a judge ruled that the Trump administration could not fly children back to Central America, and so there was an increase in unaccompanied minors. But the floodgates really opened after Biden began to repeal Trump immigration policies. The increase in border encounters from January to March is the steepest two-month increase in at least 20 years. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Remarks March 19Full transcript article-outline link “We’re at 535,217 dead as of yesterday, last night. ... That’s more people than have died in all of World War — Americans — all of World War One, World War Two, the Vietnam War and 9/11 combined — combined — in a year. In a year.” Analysis: The number of in-service deaths during World War I, World War II and Vietnam War combined adds up to about 580,000 deaths. When we first looked into this, a White House official told The Fact Checker that the president intended to refer to combat deaths in World War I, World War II and Vietnam, which we noted is under 400,000, but he inadvertently omitted that qualifier in his remarks. That was odd because in a similar statement in his inaugural address, Biden referred to in-service deaths. Indeed, if Biden was using only battlefield deaths, he actually could have said more people died of covid-19 than in combat during all of America’s wars against foreign enemies. Despite our fact check, Biden kept leaving off the qualifier referring to battlefield deaths and so kept making this mistake. Here, it\'s even stranger for Biden to include 9/11 deaths (not in combat) and then mix that with combat deaths, especially because in-service deaths are more commonly used when referring to the military death toll in wars. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Also repeated:March 11Feb. 25Feb. 22 March 16Full transcript article-outline link “I was able to get a bipartisan bill [providing aid to Central America] passed for almost $800 billion to go to the root cause of why — why people are leaving.” Analysis: The 2015 legislation provided up to $750 million in aid, not $800 billion. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Interview March 16Full transcript article-outline link “They don’t like it because in fact their — their idea of a tax cut is give the Trump tax cut, where 83 percent went to the top 1 percent of the people in America.” Analysis: This is a misleading Democratic talking point that has often earned Two Pinocchios. The nonpartisan Tax Policy Center estimated that initially more than 80 percent of taxpayers would get a tax cut, with less than 5 percent getting a tax increase. The top 1 percent received 20.5 percent of the tax cut in 2018. But the individual tax cuts expire over the course of the decade. Republicans structured the tax cut this way to keep the whole package — especially the corporate tax cut — in a budget box that allowed only for a $1.5 trillion increase in the federal deficit over 10 years. The assumption — possibly a big one — is that Congress will vote to extend the tax cuts when they begin to expire, just as most of the George W. Bush tax cuts were extended, with the eventual support of Democrats who had long opposed the Bush-era cuts. So Democrats prefer to focus on the TPC estimates for 2027, when the study shows, 82.8 percent of the tax cuts will flow to the top 1 percent. But it\'s not 2027 yet, so most taxpayers are still getting some kind of tax cut. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: TaxesSource: Interview Also repeated:March 31March 25 March 16Full transcript article-outline link “Sixty percent of all these tax breaks go — all these tax breaks go to the bottom 60 percent of the population.” Analysis: The first part of this sentence was basically right, but then Biden paused and ramped it up to an inaccurate claim. The Tax Policy Center found that about 67 percent of the tax benefits in 2020 from the new law would go to the bottom 60 percent of households. Topic: TaxesSource: Interview March 16Full transcript article-outline link “First of all, there was a surge the last two years. In ’19 and ’20 there was a surge as well.” Analysis: There is sometimes a spring surge of apprehensions at the southern border, particularly in 2019, but there was no surge in 2020. In fact, apprehensions fell sharply. After the coronavirus pandemic started, the Trump administration issued an order that in effect turned away all refugees and asylum seekers. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Interview March 16Full transcript article-outline link “The adults are being sent back, number one.” Analysis: About 75 percent of the adults are being sent back. Mexico isn\'t taking back Haitians, for instance, and other non-Spanish speakers. Some have been released while others are being transferred to ICE detention and then deported using the traditional system. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Interview March 12Full transcript article-outline link “According to Moody’s, for example, by the end of this year, this law alone will create 7 million new jobs. Seven million.” Analysis: A White House official acknowledged that Biden’s remarks were incorrect because a word was misplaced. Biden said, “This law alone will create 7 million new jobs.” A few weeks earlier, Biden had said the law “will help the economy create 7 million more jobs this year alone.” In the first case, Biden attributed the 7 million jobs just to passage of the law. In most other references to the Moody\'s report, Biden attributed 7 million jobs being created this year with an assist from the law. The report certainly credited the Biden plan with having the potential to bolster the economy. “Assuming that Biden’s $1.9 trillion plan is enacted in full by March, the economy would receive a quick boost,” the report said. “Real GDP [gross domestic product] would jump to more than 7% annualized in the first quarter of this year, despite the intensifying pandemic, and to almost 8% for all of 2021. This is almost double the growth that would be expected without any additional fiscal support.” In remarks Feb. 5, Biden was precise enough that the actual impact of the law was clear: Moody’s “says if we pass the American Rescue Plan, it will lead to 4 million more jobs than otherwise would be created.” Read the full fact check. Topic: JobsSource: Remarks March 11Full transcript article-outline link “I set a goal that many of you said was kind of way over the top. I said I intended to get 100 million shots in people’s arms in my first 100 days in office.” Analysis: Vaccinations had reached a seven-day average of 980,000 by the time Biden took office — virtually the goal Biden initially set for himself. The Biden administration had by the time of these comments managed to more than double that daily total, but Biden was in the position of being assured of winning the race even before he started it. As for whether many Americans said the goal was “way over the top,” we are unaware of polling that would confirm that. Most news accounts depicted Biden’s goal as potentially difficult, but not impossible, when he announced it in early December. The New York Times called the plan “ambitious,” adding that “fulfilling it will require no hiccups in manufacturing or distributing the vaccine and a willingness by Americans to be vaccinated.” The Washington Post also called it an “ambitious target” and USA Today pegged it as a “lofty goal.” Read the full fact check. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:Jan. 22 March 11Full transcript article-outline link “When I took office 50 days ago, only 8 percent of Americans after months, only 8 percent of those over the age of 65 had gotten their first vaccination. Today, that number is 65 percent.” Analysis: This is a misleading statistic. When Biden took office, vaccinations had only been given for about a month, not \"months.\" Moreover, health-care workers, residents of long-term care facilities, frontline essential workers and people over the age of 75 were in line to be the first to be vaccinated, which is why a relatively small percentage of people over 65 had been vaccinated. Biden offers various versions of this statistic; we are including statements when he specifically notes the percentage on the date he took office. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:April 28April 27April 21April 6March 29 March 11Full transcript article-outline link “We’re actually on track to reach this goal of 100 million shots in arms on my 60th day in office. No other country in the world has done this. None.” Analysis: Biden is correct that the United States has vaccinated more people than any other country. But that\'s a raw number that lacks context. At least a dozen countries, such as Chile, Israel and the United Kingdom, had vaccinated a greater percentage of their population at the time Biden made these comments. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech March 11Full transcript article-outline link “A year ago, we were hit with a virus that was met with silence and spread unchecked. Denials for days, weeks, then months that led to more deaths, more infections, more stress and more loneliness.” Analysis: Biden engages in some rhetorical overkill here. Whatever you may say about Trump, you can\'t say he was silent. In fact, Trump gave a nationwide address on March 12, 2020, almost exactly a year earlier, in which he called the virus a “horrible infection” and announced new restrictions on travel from some European countries. It\'s possible Biden meant Trump was silent about the danger posed by the virus for a number of weeks — and certainly Trump played down the possible threat because he was concerned about stock market declines. But as a rhetorical device, this phrase is exaggerated. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech March 11Full transcript article-outline link “In the weeks that this bill has been discussed and debated, it’s clear that an overwhelming percentage of the American people — Democrats, independents, our Republican friends — have made it clear — the people out there have made it clear they strongly support the American Rescue Plan.” Analysis: Biden overstates his support from Republicans, according to Washington Post pollsters Scott Clement and Emily Guskin. “Polls show majorities of Republicans across the country opposed the stimulus bill, although polls show most Republicans supported some key parts of the legislation,” they wrote. “Across five national polls since late February, between 54 percent and 73 percent of Republicans opposed the $1.9 trillion stimulus package. The bill enjoyed majority support from the public overall — from a low of 61 percent to a high of 75 percent in polls by CNN, Monmouth University, the Pew Research Center, CBS/YouGov and YouGov/Economist.” Topic: MiscellaneousSource: Remarks March 11Full transcript article-outline link “As of now, the total deaths in America: 527,726. That’s more deaths than in World War One, World War Two, the Vietnam War and 9/11 combined.” Analysis: The number of in-service deaths during World War I, World War II and Vietnam War combined adds up to about 580,000 deaths. When we first looked into this, a White House official told The Fact Checker that the president intended to refer to combat deaths in World War I, World War II and Vietnam, which we noted is under 400,000, but he inadvertently omitted that qualifier in his remarks. That was odd because in a similar statement in his inaugural address, Biden referred to in-service deaths. Indeed, if Biden was using only battlefield deaths, he actually could have said more people died of covid-19 than in combat during all of America’s wars against foreign enemies. Despite our fact check, Biden kept leaving off the qualifier referring to battlefield deaths and so kept making this mistake. Here, it\'s even stranger for Biden to include 9/11 deaths (not in combat) and then mix that with combat deaths, especially because in-service deaths are more commonly used when referring to the military death toll in wars. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:March 31March 19Feb. 25Feb. 22 March 1Full transcript article-outline link “As you know, the fastest-growing population in the United States is Hispanic. And 60 percent of the Hispanic population is Mexican American. They’re an integral part of our history.” Analysis: Hispanics have been the second-fastest-growing demographic group, after Asian Americans, since around 2010, according to census figures. The two groups had been growing at similar rates since 2000. The Asian American population grew by 28.7 percent from 2010 to 2019, according to census data, while the Hispanic population came in second place, at 20 percent growth. A White House spokesperson told us the president “meant to say fastest-growing in our schools,” but Biden’s remarks, in a virtual meeting with the Mexican president, did not refer to education. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Three](\\"img/3pino.png\\"/) Topic: MiscellaneousSource: Remarks Feb. 25Full transcript article-outline link “On Monday, our nation passed a grim, grim milestone: Covid-19 has now taken over 500,000 of our fellow Americans. That’s more than died in World War One, World War Two, and the Vietnam War combined.” Analysis: The number of in-service deaths during World War I, World War II and Vietnam War combined adds up to about 580,000 deaths. When we first looked into this, a White House official told The Fact Checker that the president intended to refer to combat deaths in World War I, World War II and Vietnam, which we noted is under 400,000, but he inadvertently omitted that qualifier in his remarks. That was odd because in a similar statement in his inaugural address, Biden referred to in-service deaths. Indeed, if Biden was using only battlefield deaths, he actually could have said more people died of covid-19 than in combat during all of America’s wars against foreign enemies. Despite our fact check, Biden kept leaving off the qualifier referring to battlefield deaths and so kept making this mistake. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:March 31March 19March 11Feb. 22 Feb. 22Full transcript article-outline link “Today, we mark a truly grim, heartbreaking milestone: 500,071 dead. That’s more Americans who have died in one year in this pandemic than in World War One, World War Two and the Vietnam War combined.” Analysis: The number of in-service deaths during World War I, World War II and Vietnam War combined adds up to about 580,000 deaths. When we first looked into this, a White House official told The Fact Checker that the president intended to refer to combat deaths in World War I, World War II and Vietnam, which we noted is under 400,000, but he inadvertently omitted that qualifier in his remarks. That was odd because in a similar statement in his inaugural address, Biden referred to in-service deaths. Indeed, if Biden was using only battlefield deaths, he actually could have said more people died of covid-19 than in combat during all of America’s wars against foreign enemies. Despite our fact check, Biden kept leaving off the qualifier referring to battlefield deaths and so kept making this mistake. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: CoronavirusSource: Prepared Speech Also repeated:March 31March 19March 11Feb. 25 Feb. 19Full transcript article-outline link “Just over four weeks ago, America had no real plan to vaccinate most of the country. My predecessor — as my mother would say, ‘God love him’ — failed to order enough vaccines, failed to mobilize the effort to administer the shots, failed to set up vaccine centers. That changed the moment we took office.” Analysis: Biden is pushing the envelope here. While Biden increased the supply of vaccines, the Trump administration had options in place to order more from Moderna and Pfizer. As for \"no real plan,\" we gave Vice President Harris Two Pinocchios for a similar statement. Harris said that there was “no national strategy or plan” to deliver vaccinations across the country and that the effort had been left to state and local officials. The Trump administration approach was more state-centric, less top-down federal oversight, even to the point of not providing funding. To some extent, that reflects a philosophical difference between the two administrations. The Biden administration appears to have had to fill in the blanks of the Trump plan and certainly did speed up the tempo of what the Trump administration envisioned. It has added a federal component and pushed for funding for states. In other words, it has built on an existing structure left behind by the Trump team. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Also repeated:Feb. 11 Feb. 19Full transcript article-outline link “We’re now at a point where we’ve seen the average daily number of people vaccinated nearly double, from the week before I took office, to about 1.7 million average per day getting a shot.” Analysis: When Biden spoke, the seven-day daily average had increased about 30 percent since he took office, not nearly double. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Feb. 16Full transcript article-outline link “For example, if it went — if we gradually increased it — when we indexed it at $7.20, if we kept it indexed by — to inflation, people would be making 20 bucks an hour right now. That’s what it would be.” Analysis: Biden flubbed a talking point here. The minimum wage was last raised in July 2009, to $7.25, and indexed to inflation it would be $8.85 in February 2021. The White House said Biden meant to refer to a study that calculated the minimum wage would be $24 in 2020 if it had kept pace with worker productivity since 1968. Topic: EconomySource: Interview Feb. 16Full transcript article-outline link “That’s why last week I opened up, I met with the Black Caucus in the United States Congress and agreed that I would — all of the — all of community health centers now, which take care of the toughest of the toughest neighborhoods in terms of illness, they are going to get a million doses, you know, a week, and how we’re going to move forward because they’re in the neighborhood.” Analysis: Biden incorrectly said Federally Qualified Health Centers would receive 1 million vaccines a week. That\'s the total they will receive. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Interview Feb. 16Full transcript article-outline link “Everyone should be able to go to community college for free, for free. That costs $9 billion. And we should pay for it. And the tax policies we have now, we should be able to pay for you. You spend almost that much money as a break for people who own racehorses.” Analysis: Biden\'s comment left tax experts puzzled. The Education Department says it would cost about $9 billion to provide free tuition at the two-year colleges. While there was a relatively minor tax benefit regarding racehorses in a bill signed by Trump in late 2020, it was too small to even merit a calculation of the revenue loss by the Joint Committee in Taxation. The total sales figures for horses at public auction is only around $1 billion, making it impossible to raise $9 billion from those sales. Topic: EducationSource: Interview Feb. 16Full transcript article-outline link “We used to allow refugees, 125,000 refugees, into the United States on a yearly basis. It was as high as 250,000. Trump cut it to 5,000. Come with me into Sierra Leone. Come to me into parts of Lebanon. Come with me around the world and see people piled up in camps, kids dying, no way out, refugees fleeing from persecution. We, the United States, used to do our part.” Analysis: Trump set the refugee limit in 2021 at 15,000, not 5,000. The highest annual ceiling since enactment of the Refugee Act of 1980 was 231,700, in 1980, not 250,000. The annual ceiling through most of the Obama administration was around 80,000, not 125,000. It is worth noting that Trump\'s 15,000 was highly restricted, with 5,000 reserved for people persecuted for religion, 4,000 Iraqis, and so forth, so in effect virtually no refugees from the Middle East or Africa would qualify. Notwithstanding Biden\'s rhetoric, two months later the White House indicated it would fall well short of an initial pledge to accept 62,500 refugees in the fiscal year that ends in September. Topic: ImmigrationSource: Interview Feb. 16Full transcript article-outline link “My point was that when I came back from meeting with him and traveling 17,000 miles with him when I was vice president and he was the vice president — that’s how I got to know him so well.” Analysis: This was a strange claim — and it was a comment Biden also made during the campaign. But it did not add up. During the Obama administration, it became clear that Xi Jinping, then the vice president, was in line to become the next leader of China. He was largely a mystery to U.S. officials, so Biden was assigned the task of getting to know him. In 2011, Biden traveled to China and over the course of three days met with Xi in various settings. They had a bilateral meeting and formal dinner in Beijing on Aug. 18, co- hosted a business dialogue on Aug. 19 and then visited the city of Chengdu in Sichuan province, along with a high school about 50 miles away in an area where a 2008 earthquake had left 86,000 people dead or missing. They also had a lengthy dinner together in Chengdu. Afterward, Biden flew on to Mongolia. In 2012, Xi visited the United States. On Feb. 14, Biden and Xi gathered at the White House for meetings, including with President Barack Obama, had lunch at the State Department, conducted a business roundtable and finally had dinner at the vice president’s residence at the Naval Observatory. Xi then traveled elsewhere in the United States, including Iowa, before arriving in Los Angeles. Biden flew to Los Angeles to meet Xi there on Feb. 17; they had dinner, among other events. A White House official conceded that Biden’s line of “traveling with” Xi is not accurate. “This was a reference to the total travel back and forth — both internally in the U.S. and China, and as well as internationally — for meetings they held together,” he said. “Some travel was in parallel, some was separately to joint destinations.” But try as we could, however, we still could not get the travel to add up to anything close to 17,000 miles. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Three](\\"img/3pino.png\\"/) Topic: Foreign policySource: Interview Also repeated:April 28Feb. 5 Feb. 16Full transcript article-outline link “The vast majority of the people, the 11 million undocumented, they’re not Hispanics. They’re people who came on a visa, [were] able to buy a ticket to get on a plane and didn’t go home. They didn’t come across the Rio Grande swimming.” Analysis: Because of the uncertain nature of counting the undocumented population, no definitive estimates exist of how many reside in the United States or their racial or ethnic breakdown. The widely accepted ballpark is between 10 million and 14 million. None of the available estimates supports Biden’s claim, and the best research indicates his statement is false because Hispanics predominate among the undocumented population. Using census data, the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute estimated an undocumented population of nearly 11 million as of 2018. Of those, 75 percent hailed from Mexico or Central or South America, the group said. Biden also said most undocumented migrants are people who enter the United States legally and then overstay their visas, a phenomenon involving air travelers from Asia or Europe, rather than Spanish-speaking migrants trekking to the border. The issue here is that Biden was speaking about the entire undocumented population accumulated over time. He didn\'t limit his comments to the migration dynamics seen in recent years. When looking comprehensively across decades, border- crossings are still the top driver of undocumented migration. In fact, the recent surge at the border in 2019 and in Biden’s early months may have substantially changed the percentages. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Three](\\"img/3pino.png\\"/) Topic: ImmigrationSource: Interview Also repeated:April 28 Feb. 11Full transcript article-outline link “When I took office three weeks ago, America didn’t have a plan or enough supplies to vaccinate most of the country.” Analysis: Biden is pushing the envelope here. While Biden increased the supply of vaccines, the Trump administration had options in place to order more from Moderna and Pfizer. As for no \"plan,\" we gave Vice President Harris Two Pinocchios for a similar statement. Harris said that there was “no national strategy or plan” to deliver vaccinations across the country and that the effort had been left to state and local officials. The Trump administration approach was more state-centric, less top-down federal oversight, even to the point of not providing funding. To some extent, that reflects a philosophical difference between the two administrations. The Biden administration appears to have had to fill in the blanks of the Trump plan and certainly did speed up the tempo of what the Trump administration envisioned. It has added a federal component and pushed for funding for states. In other words, it has built on an existing structure left behind by the Trump team. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: CoronavirusSource: Twitter Also repeated:Feb. 19 Feb. 5Full transcript article-outline link “I do think that we should have a minimum wage, stand by itself, $15 an hour and work your way up to the fifteen — it doesn’t have to be boom. And all the economics show, if you do that, the whole economy rises.” Analysis: Biden suggested there was universal consensus on the impact of a minimum-wage hike, with virtually no downside, resulting in a booming economy. Apparently that was not his intention, according to White House officials, but it certainly sounded like that. There is one side of the economic academy that might support such a bullish view, but there are other economists who dispute it strenuously — and who say their views are confirmed in scores of economic studies during the past 30 years. Biden failed to acknowledge that a rising tide may not lift all boats. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Two](\\"img/2pino.png\\"/) Topic: EconomySource: Interview Feb. 5Full transcript article-outline link “I am prepared, as president of the United States on a separate negotiation on minimum wage, to work my way up from what it is now, which is — look, no one should work 40 hours a week and live below the poverty wage. And if you’re making less than $15 an hour, you’re living below the poverty wage.” Analysis: This is an exaggeration, according to calculations by factcheck.org, which found that those earning $14 an hour — $28,000 a year — would be above the federal poverty level of $26,500 for a family of four. Biden worded his claim more accurately in remarks on Jan. 22. He said: “No one in America should work 40 hours a week making below the poverty line. Fifteen dollars gets people above the poverty line. We have so many millions of people working 40 hours a week — working — and some with two jobs, and they\'re still below the poverty line.” Topic: EconomySource: Interview Feb. 5Full transcript article-outline link “I had 24, 25 hours of private meetings with him when I was vice president, traveled 17,000 miles with him. I know him pretty well.” Analysis: This was a strange claim — and it was a comment Biden also made during the campaign. But it did not add up. During the Obama administration, it became clear that Xi Jinping, then the vice president, was in line to become the next leader of China. He was largely a mystery to U.S. officials, so Biden was assigned the task of getting to know him. In 2011, Biden traveled to China and over the course of three days met with Xi in various settings. They had a bilateral meeting and formal dinner in Beijing on Aug. 18, co- hosted a business dialogue on Aug. 19 and then visited the city of Chengdu in Sichuan province, along with a high school about 50 miles away in an area where a 2008 earthquake had left 86,000 people dead or missing. They also had a lengthy dinner together in Chengdu. Afterward, Biden flew on to Mongolia. In 2012, Xi visited the United States. On Feb. 14, Biden and Xi gathered at the White House for meetings, including with President Barack Obama, had lunch at the State Department, conducted a business roundtable and finally had dinner at the vice president’s residence at the Naval Observatory. Xi then traveled elsewhere in the United States, including Iowa, before arriving in Los Angeles. Biden flew to Los Angeles to meet Xi there on Feb. 17; they had dinner, among other events. A White House official conceded that Biden’s line of “traveling with” Xi is not accurate. “This was a reference to the total travel back and forth — both internally in the U.S. and China, and as well as internationally — for meetings they held together,” he said. “Some travel was in parallel, some was separately to joint destinations.” But try as we could, however, we still could not get the travel to add up to anything close to 17,000 miles. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Three](\\"img/3pino.png\\"/) Topic: Foreign policySource: Interview Also repeated:April 28Feb. 16 Jan. 25Full transcript article-outline link “Under the previous administration, the federal government contracts awarded directly to foreign companies went up 30 percent. That is going to change on our watch.” Analysis: A White House official explained that this was a number calculated during Biden’s 2020 campaign. But it turned out to be wildly off base. The Pulse of GovCon, a firm that advises on government contracting, crunched the numbers for The Fact Checker and came up with only an 11 percent increase in foreign-contract spending from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2019 — and just an 8.4 percent increase if you include fiscal 2020, when spending on such contracts declined. That’s an average annual growth rate of 3 percent over three years. Overall government spending went up 20 percent in that period, so the percentage of spending on foreign contracts actually decreased under Trump. Read the full fact check. Fact Checker rating:![\\"Four](\\"img/4pino.png\\"/) Topic: TradeSource: Remarks Jan. 22Full transcript article-outline link “I found it fascinating — yesterday the press asked the question: Is, you know, 100 million enough? A week before, they were saying, ‘Biden, are you crazy? You can’t do 100 million in a hundred days.’ Well, we’re going to, God willing, not only do 100 million, we’re going to do more than that.” Analysis: Biden exaggerates here. No reporter called his goal of 100 million vaccine doses in 100 days crazy. Most news accounts depicted Biden’s goal as potentially difficult, but not impossible, when he announced it in early December. The New York Times called the plan “ambitious,” adding that “fulfilling it will require no hiccups in manufacturing or distributing the vaccine and a willingness by Americans to be vaccinated.” The Washington Post also called it an “ambitious target” and USA Today pegged it as a “lofty goal.” Read the full fact check. Topic: CoronavirusSource: Remarks Also repeated:March 11 ##### About this story Factba.se counts as remarks any informal speech that lasts less than 30 minutes and excludes major events such as the inaugural address or joint address to Congress. If presidential interaction with the press was referred to as a press gaggle on the White House schedule or was not scheduled at all, Factba.se categorized it as a press gaggle. Illustrations by Ben Kirchner for The Washington Post. Additional development by Jake Crump, Leo Dominguez and Juune Alcantara. Editing by Peter Wallsten. Copy editing by Shannon Croom. Additional editing by Kevin Uhrmacher and Courtney Kan. Updated April 30, 2021 ### President Joe Biden: What you need to know ###### Biden’s first joint session of Congress Biden pitches his ambitious investment and tax plans as he recasts role of government Transcript: Read President Biden’s first address to a joint session of Congress Photos: Scenes from Biden’s joint address to Congress 100 days: Has Biden kept his campaign promises? | Poll: Americans give Biden mostly positive marks for first 100 days ###### The administration The Biden Cabinet: Who has been selected Biden appointees: Who is filling key roles ###### The Biden Agenda Read more about his plans on: Immigration | Foreign policy | Health care | Climate change | Social and Criminal Justice | Economic policy | Tech policy Show More Show Less Glenn KesslerFollowTwitter Glenn Kessler has reported on domestic and foreign policy for more than three decades. Send him statements to fact check by emailing him, tweeting at him, or sending him a message on Facebook. Adrian BlancoFollowTwitter Adrián Blanco Ramos is a graphic reporter in the graphics department at The Washington Post. He previously worked at Spanish newspaper El Confidencial focusing on data visualization, data analysis and investigative journalism. He participated in the International Consortium of Investigative Journalist’s Paradise Papers investigation. Tyler RemmelFollowTwitter Tyler Remmel is a news designer specializing in visual storytelling across print and digital platforms at The Washington Post. 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Former President Donald Trump eliminated over 700 million in aid that Biden helped get for Central American countries | 3,323 | The White House The White House The White House * Home * Administration * Priorities * The Record * Briefing Room * Español * InstagramOpens in a new window * FacebookOpens in a new window * XOpens in a new window * YouTubeOpens in a new window * Contact Us * Privacy Policy * Copyright Policy * Accessibility Statement Menu Close To search this site, enter a search term Search ## Mobile Menu Overlay * Administration Show submenu for “Administration”” * President Joe Biden * Vice President Kamala Harris * First Lady Dr. Jill Biden * Second Gentleman Douglas Emhoff * The Cabinet * Executive Offices Show submenu for “Executive Offices”” * Council of Economic Advisers * Council on Environmental Quality * Domestic Policy Council * Gender Policy Council * National Economic Council * National Security Council * National Space Council * Office of Intergovernmental Affairs * Office of Management and Budget * Office of the National Cyber Director * Office of National Drug Control Policy * Office of Public Engagement * Office of Science and Technology Policy * Office of the United States Trade Representative * Climate Policy Office * Presidential Personnel Office * Priorities * Briefing Room * The White House Show submenu for “The White House”” * Presidents * First Families * The Grounds * Our Government * Get Involved Show submenu for “Get Involved”” * Write or Call The White House * Join Us * White House Fellows * White House Internship Program * The Record * Disclosures * Español * Contact Us * Privacy Policy * Copyright Policy * Accessibility Statement * InstagramOpens in a new window * FacebookOpens in a new window * XOpens in a new window * YouTubeOpens in a new window The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington, DC 20500 To search this site, enter a search term Search March 25, 2021 # Remarks by President Biden in Press Conference 1. Home 2. Briefing Room 3. Speeches and Remarks East Room 1:27 P.M. EDTTHE PRESIDENT: Please, please sit down. Thank you. Thank you. Good afternoon. Before I take questions, I want to make — give you a progress report to the nation on where we stand 65 days into office here on vaccinations and a few other top priorities for the American people.First, on vaccinations: On December 8th, I indicated that I hoped to get 100 million shots in people’s arms in my first 100 days. We met that goal last week by day 58 — 42 days ahead of schedule.Now, today, I’m setting a second goal, and that is: We will, by my 100th day in office, have administered 200 million shots in people’s arms. That’s right: 200 million shots in 100 days.I know it’s ambitious, twice our original goal, but no other country in the world has even come close — not even close — to what we are doing. And I believe we can do it.And today, we’ve made a historic investment in reaching the hardest-hit and the most vulnerable communities, the highest-risk communities — as a consequence of the virus — by investing an addition $10 billion in being able to reach them.I also set a goal, before I took office, of getting a majority of schools in K through 8 fully open in the first 100 days. Now, thanks to the enormous amount of work done by our administration, educators, parents, local, state education officials and leaders — a recent Department of Education Department survey shows that nearly half of the K-through-8 schools are open now full time, five days a week, for in-person learning. Not yet a majority, but we’re really close. And I believe, in the 35 days left to go, we’ll meet that goal as well.As of yesterday, more than 100 million payments of $1,400 have gone into people’s bank accounts. That’s real money in people’s pockets, bringing relief instantly, almost. And millions more will be getting their money very soon.One final note: Since we passed the American Rescue Plan, we’re starting to see new signs of hope in our economy. Since it was passed, a majority — a majority of economic forecasters have significantly increased their projections on the economic growth that’s going to take place this year. They’re now projecting it will exceed 6 percent — a 6 percent growth in GDP.And just this morning, we learned that the number of people filing for weekly unemployment insurance fell by nearly 100,000 persons. That’s the first time in a year the number has fallen below the pre-pandemic high.So there are still too many Americans out of work, too many families hurting, and we still have a lot of work to do.But I can say to you, the American people: Help is here, and hope is on the way.Now I’ll be happy to take your questions.Zeke, the Associated Press.Q Thank you, Mr. President. You mentioned your progress on COVID-19. I’d like to ask you about some of the other issues facing your presidency. One of the defining challenges you face in the coming months is how to deliver on your promise to Americans on issues like immigration reform, gun control, voting rights, climate change. All of those right now are facing stiff, united opposition from Republicans on Capitol Hill. How far are you willing to go to achieve those promises that you made to the American people?THE PRESIDENT: Well, I’m going to — look, when I took office, I decided that it was a fairly basic, simple proposition, and that is: I got elected to solve problems. And the most urgent problem facing the American people, I stated from the outset, was COVID-19 and the economic dislocation for millions and millions of Americans. And so that’s why I put all my focus in the beginning — there are a lot of problems — put all my focus on dealing with those particular problems.And the other problems we’re talking about, from immigration to guns and the other things you mentioned, are long-term problems; they’ve been around a long time. And what we’re going to be able to do, God willing, is now begin, one at a time, to focus on those as well, and — whether it’s immigration or guns or a number of other problems that face the country.But the fundamental problem is getting people some peace of mind so they can go to bed at night and not stare at the ceiling wondering whether they lost their health insurance, whether they’re going to lose a family member, whether they’re going to be in a position where they’re not going to be — they’re going to lose their home because they can’t pay their mortgage, or that millions of people are going to get thrown out of their homes because of the inability to — to pay their rent.So we’re going to move on these one at a time, try to do as many simultaneously as we can. But that’s the reason why I focused as I have.And here’s the deal: I think my Republican colleagues are going to have to determine whether or not we want to work together, or they decide that the way in which they want to proceed is to — is to just decide to divide the country, continue the politics of division. But I’m not going to do that; I’m just going to move forward and take these things as they come.Q And just to — to follow up, Mr. President, can your presidency be a success if you can’t make progress on those four challenges: climate change, immigration reform, gun control, voting rights?THE PRESIDENT: Well, I plan on making progress on all of them, but that’s going to be for the American people to decide.I think — you know, I doubt whether — maybe you did; maybe others did. I thought — many of you thought there was no possibility of my getting the plan I got passed, passed, without any Republican votes. A pretty big deal. It got passed. Growing the economy. People’s lives are changing.So let’s see what happens. All I know, I’ve been hired to solve problems — to solve problems, not create division.Okay. How about Yamiche?Q Thanks so much, Mr. President. You’ve said over and over again that immigrants shouldn’t come to this country right now; this isn’t the time to come. That message is not being received. Instead, the perception of you that got you elected — as a moral, decent man — is the reason why a lot of immigrants are coming to this country and entrusting you with unaccompanied minors.How do you resolve that tension? And how are you choosing which families can stay and which can go, given the fact that even though, with Title 42, there are some families that are staying? And is there a timeline for when we won’t be seeing these overcrowded facilities with — run by CPB [sic], when it comes to unaccompanied minors?THE PRESIDENT: Well, look, I guess I should be flattered people are coming because I’m the nice guy; that’s the reason why it’s happening — that I’m a decent man or however it’s phrased. That — you know, that’s why they’re coming, because they know Biden is a good guy.The truth of the matter is: Nothing has changed. As many people came — 28 percent increase in children to the border in my administration; 31 percent in the last year of — in 2019, before the pandemic, in the Trump administration. It happens every single, solitary year: There is a significant increase in the number of people coming to the border in the winter months of January, February, March. That happens every year.In addition to that, there is a — and nobody — and, by the way, does anybody suggest that there was a 31 percent increase under Trump because he was a nice guy and he was doing good things at the border? That’s not the reason they’re coming.The reason they’re coming is that it’s the time they can travel with the least likelihood of dying on the way because of the heat in the desert, number one. Number two, they’re coming because of the circumstances in-country — in- country.The way to deal with this problem — and I started to deal with it back when I was a United States senator — I mean, Vice President — putting together a bipartisan plan of over $700 million to deal with the root causes of why people are leaving.What did Trump do? He eliminated that funding. He didn’t use it. He didn’t do it. And in addition to that, what he did — he dismantled all the elements that exist to deal with what had been a problem and — and has been — continued to be a problem for a long time. He, in fact, shut down the — the number of beds available. He did not fund HHS to get people to get the children out of those — those Border Patrol facilities where they should not be and not supposed to be more than a few days — a little while. But he dismantled all of that.And so what we’re doing now is attempting to rebuild — rebuild the system that can accommodate the — what is happening today. And I like to think it’s because I’m a nice guy, but it’s not. It’s because of what’s happened every year.Let me say one other thing on this. If you take a look at the number of people who are coming, the vast majority, the overwhelming majority of people coming to the border and crossing are being sent back — are being sent back. Thousands — tens of thousands of people who are — who are over 18 years of age and single — people, one at a time coming, have been sent back, sent home.We’re sending back the vast majority of the families that are coming. We’re trying to work out now, with Mexico, their willingness to take more of those families back. But we — that’s what’s happening. They’re not getting across the border.And those who are coming across the border, who are unaccompanied children, we’re moving rapidly to try to put in place what was dismantled, as I said. For example, of all the children who are coming across the border, over 70 percent are either 16 or 17 years old. We’re not talking about people ripping babies from mothers’ arms or little three-year-olds standing on the border. Less than — I think it’s one and a half percent fall in the category of the very young.So what we’re doing is we’re providing for the space, again, to be able to get these kids out of the Border Patrol facilities, which no child — no one should be in any longer than 72 hours.And today, I went to — for example, I used all the resources available to me, went to the Defense Department, and — and the Secretary of Defense has just made available Fort Bliss — 5,000 beds be made easily available. Five thousand beds on the Texas border.So we’re building back up the capacity that should have been maintained and built upon that Trump dismantled. It’s going to take time.And the other thing we’re doing, I might add — am I giving you too long an answer? Because if you don’t want the details —Q (Inaudible.)THE PRESIDENT: No, no, but I mean — I don’t know how much detail you want about immigration. Maybe I’ll stop there and fin- —Q My follow-up question is: One, if you could talk a little bit about which families — why they’re being allowed to stay. The families that are being allowed to stay, why they’re being allowed to stay.And in addition to that, when it comes to the filibuster, which is what Zeke was asking about, there’s — immigration is a big issue, of course, when it — related to the filibuster, but there’s also Republicans who are passing bill after bill, trying to restrict voting rights. Chuck Schumer is calling it an “existential threat” to democracy. Why not back a filibuster rule that at least gets around issues including voting rights or immigration?Jim Clyburn, someone who — of course, who you know very well, has backed the idea of a filibuster rule when it comes to civil rights and voting rights.THE PRESIDENT: Well, look, I’m going to deal with all of those problems. The question is, the priorities as they come and land on my plate.Let’s go to the first question you asked — the first of the second question you asked. And that is: What about dealing with families? Why are not — some not going back? Because Mexico is refusing to take them back. They’re saying they won’t take them back — not all of them.We’re in negotiations with the President of Mexico. I think we’re going to see that change. They should all be going back, all be going back. The only people we’re not going to let sitting there on the other side of the Rio Grande by themselves with no help are children.And what we’re doing there, and it’s an important point to understand — I know you understand; I don’t mean to say it that way — an important point to focus on: The vast majority of people under the age of 18 coming to United States come with a telephone number on a wristband or come with a telephone number in their pocket in the United States — a mother, a father, a close relative, a grandmom or a grandpop.What was happening before is it was taking literally weeks and weeks, and maybe even months, before anybody would pick up the phone and call to see if there really was someone there. Well, we’ve set up a system now where, within 24 hours, there’s a phone call made as that person or that child crosses the border. And then a verification system is being put in place as of today to determine quickly whether or not that is a trafficker being called or that is actually a mom, a dad, and/or a close relative. They’re establishing that right off the bat.If it, in fact, is Mom or Dad, Dad says — to take the extreme case — “I got a birth certificate.” Then guess what? We’re getting that kid directly to that parent immediately.And so that’s going to reduce significantly — there’s two ways to reduce child populations in circumstances that are not acceptable, like being held at a Border Patrol station. One is to get them to the place where they have a relative and set a date as to when a hearing can be held. The second way to do it is put them in a Health and Human Services facility that we’re occupying now — both licensed beds around the country that exist, as well as, for example, federal resources like Fort Bliss — to get them safely in a place where they can be taken care of while their fate is determined.Q And can you answer the filibuster (inaudible)?THE PRESIDENT: Filibuster. Filibuster. You know, with regard to the filibuster, I believe we should go back to a position on the filibuster that existed just when I came to the United States Senate 120 years ago. And that is that — it used to be required for the filibuster — and I had a card on this; I was going to give you the statistics, but you probably know them — that it used to be that, that from between 1917 to 1971 — the filibuster existed — there was a total of 58 motions to break a filibuster that whole time. Last year alone, there were five times that many. So it’s being abused in a gigantic way.And, for example, it used to be you had to stand there and talk and talk and talk and talk until you collapsed. And guess what? People got tired of talking and tired of collapsing. Filibusters broke down, and we were able to break the filibuster, get a quorum, and vote.So I strongly support moving in that direction, in addition to having an open mind about dealing with certain things that are — are just elemental to the functioning of our democracy, like the right to vote — like the basic right to vote. We’ve amended the filibuster in the past.But here’s the deal: As you observed, I’m a fairly practical guy. I want to get things done. I want to get them done, consistent with what we promised the American people. And in order to do that in a 50-50 Senate, we’ve got to get to the place where I get 50 votes so that the Vice President of the United States can break the tie, or I get 51 votes without her.And so, I’m going to say something outrageous: I have never been particularly poor at calculating how to get things done in the United States Senate. So the best way to get something done, if you — if you hold near and dear to you that you like to be able to — anyway —I — we’re going to get a lot done. And if we have to — if there’s complete lockdown and chaos as a consequence of the filibuster, then we’ll have to go beyond what I’m talking about.Okay. Hang on. Sorry. Oh, Seung Min — Ms. Kim.Q Thank you, Mr. President, to follow up on the filibuster: So do you believe it should take 60 votes to end a filibuster on legislation or 51?THE PRESIDENT: (Laughs.) If we could end it with 51, we would have no problem. You’re going to have to — the existing rule — it’s going to be hard to get a parliamentary ruling that allows 50 votes to end the filibuster, the existence of a filibuster.But it’s not my expertise, in what the parliamentary rules and how to get there are. But our preoccupation with the filibuster is totally legitimate, but in the meantime, we got a lot we can do while we’re talking about what we’re going to do about the filibuster.Let me get here. Okay, Cecilia Vega. Q I’d like to circle back to immigration, please. You just listed the reasons that people are coming, talking about in-country problems, saying that it happens every year; you blamed the last administration. Sir, I just got back last night from a reporting trip to the border where I met nine- year-old, Yossell, who walked here from Honduras by himself, along with another little boy. He had that phone number on him —THE PRESIDENT: Astounding.Q — and we were able to call his family. His mother says that she sent her son to this country because she believes that you are not deporting unaccompanied minors like her son. That’s why she sent him alone from Honduras.So, sir, you blamed the last administration, but is your messaging — in saying that these children are and will be allowed to stay in this country and work their way through this process — encouraging families like Yossell says to come?THE PRESIDENT: Well, look, the idea that I’m going to say — which I would never do — “if an unaccompanied child ends up at the border, we’re just going to let him starve to death and stay on the other side” — no previous administration did that either, except Trump. I’m not going to do it. I’m not going to do it.That’s why I’ve asked the Vice President of the United States, yesterday, to be the lead person on dealing with focusing on the fundamental reasons why people leave Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador in the first place. It’s because of earthquakes, floods. It’s because of lack of food. It’s because of gang violence. It’s because of a whole range of things.That — when I was Vice President and had the same obligation to deal with unaccompanied children, I was able to get it slowed up significantly by working with the heads of state of those communities to do things like — in one of the major cities, the reason people were leaving is they couldn’t walk in the street because they were getting — their kids were getting beat up or shot or in gang violence.Well, what I was able to do is not give money to the head of state, because so many are corrupt, but I was able to say, “Okay, you need lighting in the streets to change things? I’ll put the lighting in.” We got a contractor. We got the type of lighting. We paid directly to the contractor; it did not go through the government. And violent crime significantly was reduced in that city. Fewer people sought to leave.When this hurricane occurred — two hurricanes — instead of us going down and helping in a major way, so that people would not have reason to want to leave in the first place because they didn’t have housing or water or sustenance, we did nothing. We’re going to do a lot in our administration. We’re going to be spending that 700-plus million dollars a year to change the life and circumstances of why people leave in the first place.That mother did not sit around with — on the kitchen table and say, “You know, I got a great idea: The way I’m going to make sure my son get taken care of is I’m going to put a…” — how old was he, or she?Q He’s — he’s nine. I also met a 10-year-old.THE PRESIDENT: A nine-year-old. “I’m going to send him on a thousand-mile journey across the desert and up to the United States because I know Joe Biden is a nice guy and he’ll take care of him.”What a desperate act to have to take. The circumstances must be horrible. So we can do something about that. That’s what the Vice President is going to be doing: what I did. When President Obama asked me to come and deal, I was in — I was in Turkey at the time, and he said, “You got to come home and take care of this.” So we put together a plan and it had an impact.And so, the question here is whether — how we go ahead and do this; what we do. There’s no easy answerQ A quick follow, if I may. Do you want to see these unaccompanied minors staying in this country, or should they be deported eventually?THE PRESIDENT: Well, the judgment has to be made whether or not — and in this young man’s case, he has a mom at home; there’s an overwhelming reason why he’d be put in a plane and flown back to his mom.Q Final follow, sir. You mentioned circumstances that must be horrific. The Customs and Border Protection facility in Donna, Texas — I was there — is at 1,556 percent capacity —THE PRESIDENT: Yep.Q — right now, with mostly unaccompanied minors. There are kids that are sleeping on floors. They are packed into these pods. I’ve spoken to lawyers who say that they — some of these children have not seen the sun in days. What’s your reaction — what is your reaction to these images that have come out from that particular facility? Is what’s happening inside acceptable to you? And when is this going to be fixed?THE PRESIDENT: Is — that’s a serious question, right?Is it acceptable to me? Come on. That’s why we’re going to be moving a thousand of those kids out quickly. That’s why I got Fort Bliss opened up. That’s why I’ve been working from the moment this started to happen to try to find additional access for children to be able to safely — not just children, but particularly children — to be able to safely be housed while we follow through on the rest of what’s happening.That is totally unacceptable.Ken.Q Thank you, Mr. President. I wanted to ask you about Afghanistan. You face a May 1st deadline for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from that country. As a candidate, in foreign affairs, you wrote that it is past time to end these forever wars. Can you commit to the American people that by May 2nd the U.S. will no longer have forces in Afghanistan?THE PRESIDENT: The answer is that it’s going to be hard to meet the May 1 deadline. Just in terms of tactical reasons, it’s hard to get those troops out. So, what we’ve been doing — what I’ve been doing and what Secretary Blinken has been doing — has been — we’ve been meeting with our allies, those other nations that have NATO Allies who have troops in Afghanistan as well. And if we leave, we’re going to do so in a safe and orderly way.We’re in consultation, I said, with our allies and partners in how to proceed. And Secretary Blinken is meeting in Brussels this week with our NATO Allies, particularly those who have forces there.And General Austin is — just met with Kayani [Ghani] and I’m waiting for the briefing on that. He is the — the “leader,” quote, in Afghanistan and Kabul. And there’s a U.N.-led process that’s beginning shortly on how to mechanically get people — how to end this war.But it is not my intention to stay there for a long time. But the question is: How and in what circumstances do we meet that agreement that was made by President Trump to leave under a deal that looks like it’s not being able to be worked out to begin with? How is that done? But we are not staying a long time.Q You just said “if we leave.” Do you think it’s possible that we–THE PRESIDENT: We will leave. The question is when we leave.Q Do you — sorry — do you believe, though, it’s possible we could have troops there next year?THE PRESIDENT: I — I can’t picture that being the case.Okay. Kristen.Q Thank you very much, Mr. President. Given the conditions that were just laid out at the migrant facilities at the U.S. border, will you commit to allowing journalists to have access to the facilities that are overcrowded moving forward?THE PRESIDENT: I will commit when my plan, very shortly, is underway to let you have access to not just them, but to other facilities as well.Q How soon will journalists be able to have access to the facilities? We’ve obviously been allowed to be inside one, but we haven’t seen the facilities in which children are packed together to really give the American people a chance to see that. Will you commit to transparency on this issue, Mr. President?THE PRESIDENT: I will commit to transparency, and — as soon as I am in a position to be able to implement what we are doing right now.And one of the reasons I haven’t gone down — I have all my — my chief folks have gone down — is I don’t want to become the issue. I don’t want to be, you know, bringing all of the Secret Service and everybody with me to get in the way. So this is being set up, and you’ll have full access to everything once we get this thing moving.Q Okay. And just to be clear: How soon will that be, Mr. President?THE PRESIDENT: I don’t know, to be clear.Q Okay. And do you bear responsibility for everything that’s happening at the border now? I hear you talking a lot about the past administration. You decided to roll back some of those policies, did you move too quickly to roll back (inaudible) policies?THE PRESIDENT: To roll back what? I’m sorry.Q Did you move too quickly to roll back some of the executive orders of your predecessor?THE PRESIDENT: First of all, all the policies that were underway were not helping at all — did not slow up the amount of immigration — and there’s many people coming.And rolling back the policies of separating children from — from their mothers, I make no apology for that. Rolling back the policies of “Remain in Mexico,” sitting on the edge of the Rio Grande in a muddy circumstance with not enough to eat and — I make no apologies for that.I make no apologies for ending programs that did not exist before Trump became President that have an incredibly negative impact on the law, international law, as well as on human dignity. And so, I make no apologies for that.Q If I could just ask you about foreign policy, Mr. President. Overnight, we learned that North Korea tested two ballistic missiles. What, if any, actions will you take? And what is your red line on North Korea?THE PRESIDENT: Let me say that, number one, U.N. Resolution 1718 was violated by those particular missiles that were tested — number one. We’re consulting with our allies and partners. And there will be responses — if they choose to escalate, we will respond accordingly.But I’m also prepared for some form of diplomacy, but it has to be conditioned upon the end result of denuclearization. So that’s what we’re doing right now: consulting with our allies.Q Just a very quick follow-up —THE PRESIDENT: You’ve only got another hour now, okay?Q Diplomacy: Can you define what you mean? And former President Obama warned the incoming President Trump that North Korea was the top foreign policy issue that he was watching. Is that how you assess the crisis in North Korea?THE PRESIDENT: Yes.Okay. Hang on a second here, Kristen. Nancy, CBS.Q Thank you very much, Mr. President. I want to go back to voting rights. And as Yamiche mentioned, Republican legislatures across the country are working to pass bills that would restrict voting, particularly, Democrats fear, impacting minority voters and young voters — the very people who helped to get you elected in November.Are you worried that if you don’t manage to pass voting rights legislation that your party is going to lose seats and possibly lose control of the House and the Senate in 2022?THE PRESIDENT: What I’m worried about is how un-American this whole initiative is. It’s sick. It’s sick. Deciding in some states that you cannot bring water to people standing in line, waiting to vote; deciding that you’re going to end voting at five o’clock when working people are just getting off work; deciding that there will be no absentee ballots under the most rigid circumstances.It’s all designed — and I’m going to spend my time doing three things: One, trying to figure out how to pass the legislation passed by the House, number one. Number two, educating the American public. The Republican voters I know find this despicable. Republican voters, the folks out in — outside this White House. I’m not talking about the elected officials; I’m talking about voters. Voters.And so I am convinced that we’ll be able to stop this because it is the most pernicious thing. This makes Jim Crow look like Jim Eagle. I mean, this is gigantic what they’re trying to do, and it cannot be sustained.I’m going to do everything in my power, along with my friends in the House and the Senate, to keep that from — from becoming the law.Q Is there anything else you can do about it besides passing legislation?THE PRESIDENT: The answer is “yes,” but I’m not going to lay out a strategy in front of the whole world and you now.Q And then, on a related note, have you decided whether you are going to run for reelection in 2024? You haven’t set up a reelection campaign yet, as your predecessor had by this time.THE PRESIDENT: (Laughs.) My predecessor need do [sic] — needed to. My predecessor. Oh God, I miss him.Q Have you — have you —THE PRESIDENT: No, the answer is “yes.” My plan is to run for reelection. That’s my expectation.Q And then, on — on one other note, on bipartisanship: Your old friend, Mitch McConnell, says you have only spoken to each other once since you took office and that you have moved far left since taking office. Do you see it the same way he does? Have you rejected bipartisanship?THE PRESIDENT: No, I haven’t at all. I’ve been meeting — when is the last time a President invited the opposite party down at least a half a dozen times to talk about issues? Everything from how we work — we’re working with a group of 20 members of the Senate right now and House on how we reestablish our ability to make computer chips and how we get ahead of the game, how we can work together. And we’re working together on a bunch of things.But, look, I know Mitch well; Mitch knows me well. I would expect Mitch to say exactly what he said. But this is a matter of making sure that — I would like Republican — elected Republican support, but what I know I have now is that I have electoral support from Republican voters. Republican voters agree with what I’m doing.And so, unless Mitch says the last thing I did is — the last piece of legislation is so far left — well, then he ought to a look at his party. Over 50 percent of them must be over that edge as well because they support what I did.Okay. Where am I here? Let me see. Kaitlan.Q Thank you very much, Mr. President. I have a question for you, but first I’d like to follow up on a question from Yamiche, and that’s on the filibuster.THE PRESIDENT: That counts as a question, but go ahead.Q Okay. I’ll make it quick. It’s a quick question.THE PRESIDENT: No, no — you can.Q Regarding the filibuster: At John Lewis’s funeral, President Barack Obama said he believed the filibuster was a “relic” of the Jim Crow era. Do you agree?THE PRESIDENT: Yes.Q And if not, why not abolish it if it’s a relic of the Jim Crow era?THE PRESIDENT: Successful electoral politics is the art of the possible. Let’s figure out how we can get this done and move in the direction of significantly changing the abuse of even the filibuster rule first. It’s been abused from the time it came into being — by an extreme way in the last 20 years. Let’s deal with the abuse first.Q It sounds like you’re moving closer to eliminating the filibuster. Is that correct?THE PRESIDENT: I answered your question.Q You also just made some news by saying that you are going to run for reelection.THE PRESIDENT: I said, “That is my expectation.”Q So is that a “yes” that you are running for reelection?THE PRESIDENT: Look, I — I don’t know where you guys come from, man. I’ve never been able to travel. I’m a great respecter of fate. I’ve never been able to plan four and half, three and a half years ahead for certain.Q And if you do —THE PRESIDENT: It —Q If you do run, will Vice President Harris be on your ticket?THE PRESIDENT: I would fully expect that to be the case. She’s doing a great job. She’s a great partner. She’s a great partner.Q And do you believe you’ll be running against former President Trump?THE PRESIDENT: Oh, come on. I don’t even think about — I don’t — I have no idea. I have no idea if there will be a Republican Party. Do you? I know you don’t have to answer my question, but, I mean, you know, do you?I mean, look, this is — the way I view things — I’ve become a great respecter of fate in my life. I set a goal that’s in front of me to get things done for the people I care most about, which are hardworking, decent American people who are getting — really having it stuck to them.I want to change the paradigm. I want to change the paradigm. We start to reward work, not just wealth. I want to change the paradigm.If you notice — don’t you find it kind of interesting that my Republican friends were worried about that the cost and the taxes that had to be had — if there is any tax to be had, as they talk about it — in dealing with the — the act that we just passed which puts money in people’s pockets — ordinary people.Did you hear them complain when they passed close to a $2 trillion Trump tax cut — 83 percent going to the top 1 percent? Did you hear them talk about that all? I love the fact that they’ve found this whole idea of concern about the federal budget. It’s kind of amazing.When the federal budget is saving people’s lives, they don’t think it’s such a good idea. When the federal budget is feathering the nest of the wealthiest Americans — 90 of the Fortune 500 companies making billions of dollars not paying a cent in taxes; reducing taxes to the point that people who are making — you know, if you’re a husband and wife, a schoolteacher and a cop, you’re paying at a higher rate than the average person making a billion dollars a year is — something is wrong. Their newfound concern.I’m concerned — look, I meant what I said when I ran. And a lot of you still think I’m wrong, and I respect that. I said, “I’m running for three reasons: to restore the soul, dignity, honor, honesty, transparency to the American political system; two, to rebuild the backbone of this country — the middle class, hardworking people, and people struggling to get in the middle class. They built America, and unions built them.” The third reason I said I was running was to unite the country. And, generically speaking, all of you said, “No, you can’t do that.” Well, I’ve not been able to unite the Congress, but I’ve been uniting the country, based on the polling data. We have to come together. We have to.So, from my perspective, you know, it’s a — to me, it’s about just, you know, getting out there, putting one foot in front of the other and just trying to make things better for people — just hardworking people. People get up every morning and just want to figure out how to put food on the table for their kids, to be able have a little bit of breathing room, being able to have — make sure that they go to bed not staring at the ceiling, like my dad, wondering whether — since he didn’t have health insurance, what happens if mom gets sick or he got sick. These are basic things. Basic things.And I’m of the view that the vast majority of people, including registered Republicans, by and large, share that — that same — that same view, that same sense of what is — you know, what’s appropriate.Justin. Justin Sink, Bloomberg.Q Thanks, Mr. President. I wanted to ask about your relationship with China now that you’ve been in office for a couple months. There’s obviously the meeting in Alaska that was a little theatrical, and there’s the continued human rights abuses.So, today, I’m wondering: Are you more likely than you were when you came into office to maintain tariffs on China? Are you considering banning imports of forced-labor products? And would you consider cutting off U.S. investment or Chinese access to international payment systems?THE PRESIDENT: Well, look, they’re each specifically legitimate questions, but they only touch a smidgen of what the relationship with China really is about.I’ve known Xi Jinping for a long time. Allegedly, by the time I left office as Vice President, I had spent more time with Xi Jinping than any world leader had, because President Obama and the Chinese President Hu decided we should get to know one another since it was inappropriate for the President of the United States to spend time with the vice president of another country. But it was obvious he was going to become the new leader of China.So, I spent hours upon hours with him alone with an interpreter — my interpreter and his — going into great detail. He is very, very straightforward. Doesn’t have a democratic — with a small “D” — bone in his body. But he’s a smart, smart guy. He’s one of the guys, like Putin, who thinks that autocracy is the wave of the future and democracy can’t function in an ever — an ever-complex world.So, when I was elected and he called to congratulate me, I think to the surprise of the China experts who were — his people were on call as well as mine, listening — we had a two-hour conversation. For two hours.And we made several things clear to one another. I made it clear to him again what I’ve told him in person on several occasions: that we’re not looking for confrontation, although we know there will be steep, steep competition.Two, that we’ll have strong competition but we’ll insist that China play by the international rules: fair competition, fair practices, fair trade.Thirdly, in order to compete effectively, I indicated that we’re going to deal with China effectively, and we’re going to need three things to do that. I tell him, our people. First, we’re going to invest in American workers and American science. I said that all through the campaign and I say it again. And we’re — and I’m setting up my administration to be able to do that, which is that, you know, back in the ‘60s, we used to invest a little over 2 percent of our entire GDP in pure research and investment in science. Today, it’s 0.7 percent. I’m going to change that. We’re going to change that.The future lies in who can, in fact, own the future as it relates to technology, quantum computing, a whole range of things, including in medical fields. And so what I’m going to do is make sure we invest closer to 2 percent.One of the reasons why I’ve set up the — the PAB [PCAST] — the President’s board with scientists and the like, again — is we’re going to invest in medical research — cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, the things — industries of the future — artificial intelligence, quantum computing, biotech. And we’re going to make real investments. China is out investing us by a longshot, because their plan is to own that future.The third — the second thing we’re going to do is we’re going to reestablish our alliances. And I’ve been very clear with him, it’s not anti-Chinese. And we’ve talked about it.I want to make sure that, for example, later today, after this — as a matter of fact, shortly after this, which is fine; we’ve been going close to an hour. I’m happy to go longer. But one of the things that I’m going to be doing, I’m going to be speaking with the 27 heads of state in Europe and very shortly — I think within the next hour or so. I don’t know the exact time.And earlier this month — and apparently it got the Chinese’s attention; that’s not why I did it — I met with our allies and how we’re going to hold China accountable in the region: Australia, India, Japan, and the United States — the so-called Quad. Because we have to have democracies working together.Before too long, I’m going to have — I’m going to invite an alliance of democracies to come here to discuss the future. And so we’re going to make it clear that in order to deal with these things, we are going to hold China accountable to follow the rules — to follow the rules — whether it relates to the South China Sea or the North China Sea, or their agreement made on Taiwan, or a whole range of other things.And the third thing, and the thing that I admire about dealing with Xi is he understands — he makes no pretense about not understanding what I’m saying any more than I do him — I pointed out to him: No leader can be sustained in his position or her position unless they represent the values of the country. And I said as — “And, Mr. President, as I’ve told you before, Americans value the notion of freedom. America values human rights. We don’t always live up to our expectations, but it’s a values system. We are founded on that principle. And as long as you and your country continues to so blatantly violate human rights, we’re going to continue, in an unrelenting way, to call to the attention of the world and make it clear — make it clear what’s happening.” And he understood that. I made it clear that no American President — at least one did — but no American President ever back down from speaking out of what’s happening to the Uighurs, what’s happening in Hong Kong, what’s happening in- country. That’s who we are. The moment a President walks away from that, as the last one did, is the moment we begin to lose our legitimacy around the world. It’s who we are. So I see stiff competition with China. China has an overall goal, and I don’t criticize them for the goal, but they have an overall goal to become the leading country in the world, the wealthiest country in the world, and the most powerful country in the world. That’s not going to happen on my watch because the United States are going to continue to grow and expand. Q All right. Just to follow up on the meeting of democracies: Is that where you expect, in a multilateral way, to make these decisions about sanctions? Or — THE PRESIDENT: No, that’s not where I make the decision; that’s where I make sure we’re all on the same page. All on the same page. Look, I predict to you, your children or grandchildren are going to be doing their doctoral thesis on the issue of who succeeded: autocracy or democracy? Because that is what is at stake, not just with China. Look around the world. We’re in the midst of a fourth industrial revolution of enormous consequence. Will there be middle class? How will people adjust to these significant changes in science and technology and the environment? How will they do that? And are democracies equipped — because all the people get to speak — to compete? It is clear, absolutely clear — and most of the scholars I dealt with at Penn agree with me around the country — that this is a battle between the utility of democracies in the 21st century and autocracies. If you notice, you don’t have Russia talking about communism anymore. It’s about an autocracy. Demand decisions made by a leader of a country — that’s what’s at stake here. We’ve got to prove democracy works. Q And, Mr. President, sorry, I know you haven’t had a chance to address the tragedies in Georgia and Colorado. You had said to stay tuned for actions that you might take on gun control. Wondering if you’ve made a decision either about sending the manufacturer liability bill that you had promised on day one to Capitol Hill, or executive actions like going after ghost guns or giving money to cities and states to battle gun control. THE PRESIDENT: All the above. It’s a matter of timing. As you’ve all observed, successful presidents — better than me — have been successful, in large part, because they know how to time what they’re doing — order it, decide and prioritize what needs to be done. The next major initiative is — and I’ll be announcing it Friday in Pittsburgh, in detail — is to rebuild the infrastructure — both physical and technological infrastructure in this country — so that we can compete and create significant numbers of really good-paying jobs. Really good-paying jobs. And some of you have been around long enough to know that used to be a great Republican goal and initiative. I still think the majority of the American people don’t like the fact that we are now ranked, what, 85th in the world in infrastructure. I mean, look, the future rests on whether or not we have the best airports that are going to accommodate air travel, ports that you can get in and out of quickly, so businesses decide. Some of you, if you were ever local reporters, and you found your governor or mayor trying to attract business to your community, what’s the first thing that businesses asked? “What’s the closest access to — access to an interstate highway? How far am I from a freight rail? Is the water — is the water available? Is there enough water available for me to conduct my business?” All the things that relate to infrastructure. We have somewhere — I asked the staff to write it down for me, and they did — not for this, but for a longer discussion. We have somewhere, in terms of infrastructure — we have — we rank 13th globally in infrastructure. China is investing three times more in infrastructure than the United States is. Bridges: More than one third of our bridges — 231,000 of them — need repairs. Some are physical safety risks or preservation work. One in five miles of our highways and major roads are in poor condition. That’s 186,000 miles of highway. Aviation: 20 percent of all flights — 20 percent of all flights weren’t on time, resulting in 1.5 million hours lost in production. Six to ten million homes in America still have lead pipes servicing their water lines. We have over 100,000 wellheads that are not capped, leaking methane. What are we doing? And, by the way, we can put as many pipefitters and miners and — to work capping those wells at the same price that they would charge to dig those wells. So, I — I just find it frustrated — frustrating to talk about.Last point I’ll make on the infrastructure — and I apologize for spending more time on it, but — is that if you think about it, it’s the place where we will be able to significantly increase American productivity, at the same time providing really good jobs for people. But we can’t build back to what they used to be. We have to build — the environment has — global warming has already done significant damage.The roads that used to be above the water level — didn’t have to worry about where the drainage ditch was — now you got to rebuild them three feet higher. Because it’s not going to go back to what it was before; it will only get worse, unless we stop it.There’s so much we can do. Look at all of the schools in America. Most of you live in the Washington area now. But in your hometowns — I don’t know where you’re all from — how many schools where the kids can’t drink the water out of the fountain? How many schools are still in the position where there’s asbestos? How many schools in America we’re sending our kids to don’t have adequate ventilation? How many homes, buildings, office complexes are wasting billions of barrels of oil over time because they can’t hold in the heat or the air conditioning because it leaks through the windows that are so porous and the connections? It’s amazing.So there’s so much we can do that’s good stuff, makes people healthier, and creates good jobs.And I think that I got one more question here. Janet from Univision.Q Thank you, Mr. President. We, too, have been reporting at the border. And just like Cecilia, we ran into a pair of siblings who came in on Monday, who were detained by CBP — had the phone number for their mother who lives in the U.S. We have contacted the mother. That’s the only way they know her kids are here because CBP, today, Thursday, has not contacted that mother. So when can we expect your promise of things getting better with contacting and expediency and processing?THE PRESIDENT: Well, they’re already getting better, but they’re going to get real — they’ll get a whole hell of lot better real quick, or we’re going to hear of some people leaving, okay?We can get this done. We’re going to get it done.I had a long meeting with the entire team and several Cabinet-level officers the other night. We’re going to be moving, within the next — within the next week, over 100,000 — I mean, 1,000 people out of the Border Patrol into safe, secure beds and facilities. We’re going to significantly ramp up. We’re already out there contacting everyone, from getting some of the employees at HHS — and there’s a lot of them doing other things — and move them into making those calls. We’re in a — we’re in the process of rearranging and providing for the personnel needed to get that done.But I admire the fact that you were down there; you’re making the calls yourself. It’s real.The next thing that has to happen though — as you well know has to happen — there have to be some certitude that this is the — actually mom, dad, or whomever. And there’s ways to do that. There’s ways to do that — a little bit like determining whether or not you got the right code for your credit card, you know? “What was your dog’s name?” kind of a thing. I’m being a bit facetious, but not really. And also seeking harder data, from DNA to — to birth certificates, which takes longer. So, I want to do this as quickly as humanly possible and as safely as possible.Q As you well know, treating the root cau- — causes in Latin America doesn’t change things overnight. How do you realistically and physically keep these families from coming to the U.S. when things will not get better in their countries right away?THE PRESIDENT: Well, I can’t guarantee that. But I know, you know, that old thing: The journey of 1,000 miles starts with the first step.You know as well as I do; you cover it: You have serious — it’s not like somebody at a sitting hand-hewn table in Guatemala — I mean, in — in somewhere in Mexico or in Guadalupe, saying, “I got a great idea. Let’s sell everything we have. Give it to a coyote. Have him take our kids across the border and into a desert where they don’t speak the language. Won’t that be fun? Let’s go.” That’s not how it happens. People don’t want to leave.When my great grandfather got on a coffin ship in the Irish Sea, expectation was: Was he going to live long enough on that ship to get to the United States of America? But they left because of what the Brits had been doing. They were in real, real trouble. They didn’t want to leave. But they had no choice. So you got — we can’t — I can’t guarantee we’re going to solve everything, but I can guarantee we can make everything better. We can make it better. We can change the lives of so many people.And the other thing I want to point out to you and I hope you point out: I realize it’s much more heart wrenching — and it is — to deal with a five- and six- and seven-year-old. But you went down there, and you saw: The vast majority of these children — 70 percent — are 16 years old, 17 years old, and mostly males. Doesn’t make it — that doesn’t make it good, bad, or indifferent. But the idea that we have tens of thousands of kids in these God- awful facilities that are, really, little babies crying all night — and there’s some; that’s true. That’s why we got to act.And yesterday, I asked my team — both the director of the two agencies, as well as others — I asked them what would they, in fact — and I asked their opinion because they’re the experts — but I said, “Focus on the most vulnerable immediately.”But there’s no reason why, in the next month, as people cross the border, that phone call can’t be made in the first 48 hours and begin.Q If I may ask one last question: Have you had any talks with Senate Republicans who are threatening this administration with not considering the immigration legislation that was passed in the House until the situation at the border has been resolved?THE PRESIDENT: No, because I know they have to posture for a while. They sort of got to get it out of their system. This is a — but I’m ready to work with any Republican who wants to help solve the problem and make the situation better.But, folks, I’m going. Thank you very, very much. I appreciate it. Thank you.2:29 P.M. EDT Next Post: Statement by NSC Spokesperson Emily Horne on Senior Administration Official Travel to Mexico Statement by NSC Spokesperson Emily Horne on Senior Administration Official Travel to Mexico March 25, 2021 • Statements and Releases Next Post ## Stay Connected Sign Up Email Address* Required ZIP Code Please leave blank. We\'ll be in touch with the latest information on how President Biden and his administration are working for the American people, as well as ways you can get involved and help our country build back better. Opt in to send and receive text messages from President Biden. 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Life Featured ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-351x221.jpg\\") ## Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances By Suresh DeepalaOctober 2, 2024 __0 Recent ![\\"\\"](\\" _Featured-Image-103x65.jpg\\") Review: Delhi HC Rules That Arbitration Tribunal Cannot Direct for Production of ‘Top Secret’ Documents, Except in Exceptional Circumstances October 2, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Rate_Image-103x65.jpg\\") PLFS Data: Reported Number of Average Working Hours A Week for Men Was Consistently Over 50 Hours September 30, 2024 __0 ![\\"\\"](\\" Modi-featured-image-103x65.jpeg\\") Data: Between 1999 & 2024, Indian Prime Ministers Visited 79 Different Countries September 27, 2024 __0 * Elections * Fact Checks * English * Telugu * Coronavirus * Others * Videos * Data Tools * Data Dashboards * Counting India * About Us * Our Story * Team * Fact Checking * Fact Check Methodology * Fact-Check Team * Non-partisanship Policy * Corrections Policy * FAQ’s * Contact Us * Subscribe * Careers * Compliance of IT Rules 2021 * Privacy Policy * GOVT. DATA ROUNDUP English, Fact Check, Fake News # RBI didn’t release a circular granting 5-day working week for banks 0 By Akhil Reddy on June 6, 2019 * A A A Twitter Facebook Reddit Many Posts, with a description: ‘Bank will be remained closed on every Saturday’, are being shared again on Facebook but this time with an image of RBI circular. So, let’s try to check the authenticity of the image in the post and whether banks will have Saturday off every week. ![\\"\\"](\\" RTGS-version-FB-Post.jpg\\")The archived version of the post can be found here. > Claim: RBI issued a circular approving 5 days working for banks. > > Fact: The image in the post shows an RBI circular on RTGS. It does not have > anything regarding the 5-day work week for banks. Also, RBI had already > issued a press release in April denying the claims on this issue. Hence the > claim made in the post is FALSE. When searched on Google with the title of the circular in the image, the circular can be found in the ‘Notifications’ section on the RBI website. So, the circular in the post is authentic but is not related to 5 days work week for banks. The circular is about extension of timings for customer transactions related to RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement). Similar fake news (without any circular/notice) was condemned by the RBI in a press release in April, 2019. Also, FACTLY has already written a fact-check article on this issue when it went viral a month back. ![\\"\\"](\\" RTGS-version-RBI-Press-Release-1024x679.jpg\\") To sum it up, RBI didn’t release a circular granting 5-day work week for banks. The circular in the post is related to extension of timings for RTGS transactions. _Did you watch our Facebook live on Fake News (Misinformation)_ ![\\"Factly\\"](\\" WhatsApp-channel-minified-scaled.jpeg\\") Share. Twitter Facebook Google+ Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email __Previous ArticleIs ‘Hindi’ a National or an Official Language? Next Article __బీరు కావాలంటూ కేసీఆర్ కి రాసిన లేఖ బ్యాలట్ బాక్సు లో దొరకలేదు ### About Author ![\\"\\"](\\" Akhil Reddy ### Related Posts రోష్ని చట్టం అనేది జమ్మూ కాశ్మీర్ లోని ప్రభుత్వ భూములపై యాజమాన్య హక్... స్వచ్ఛ సర్వేక్షన్ 2019 ర్యాంకులు టీడీపీ ప్రభుత్వం ఉన్నప్పుడే రిలీజ్... పాఠశాలల్లో భగవద్గీత బోధించాలంటూ తెచ్చిన ప్రైవేటు మెంబర్ బిల్లును కే... 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RBI issued a circular approving 5 days working for banks | 3,324 | The Federal Reserve Discount Window | Payment System Risk * General Information The Discount Window Borrowing Frequently Asked Questions Primary and Secondary Lending Programs Regulation A of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors Seasonal Lending Program Bank Term Funding Program * Guidelines Operating Circular 1: Account Relationships Operating Circular 10: Lending Regulation A of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors The Federal Reserve Act * Agreements OC-10 Agreements * Discount Rates Current Discount Rates Historical Discount Rates * Collateral Collateral Eligibility Collateral Valuation Pledging Collateral * Payment System Risk Account Management Guide General Information Learn about the Account Management Information System Payment System Risk Policy Documents * Select Your District Atlanta (6th District) Boston (1st District) Chicago (7th District) Cleveland (4th District) Dallas (11th District) Kansas City (10th District) Minneapolis (9th District) New York (2nd District) Philadelphia (3rd District) Richmond (5th District) San Francisco (12th District) St. Louis (8th District) Federal Reserve Board ##### General Information * The Discount Window * Borrowing * Frequently Asked Questions * Primary and Secondary Lending Programs * Regulation A of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors * Seasonal Lending Program * Bank Term Funding Program ##### Guidelines * Operating Circular 1: Account Relationships * Operating Circular 10: Lending * Regulation A of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors * The Federal Reserve Act ##### Agreements * OC-10 Agreements ##### Discount Rates * Current Discount Rates * Historical Discount Rates ##### Collateral * Collateral Eligibility * Collateral Valuation * Pledging Collateral ##### Payment System Risk * Account Management Guide * General Information * Learn about the Account Management Information System * Payment System Risk Policy Documents ##### Select Your District * Atlanta (6th District) * Boston (1st District) * Chicago (7th District) * Cleveland (4th District) * Dallas (11th District) * Kansas City (10th District) * Minneapolis (9th District) * New York (2nd District) * Philadelphia (3rd District) * Richmond (5th District) * San Francisco (12th District) * St. Louis (8th District) * Federal Reserve Board # Collateral Information # Pledging Collateral Collateral pledged to Federal Reserve Banks (Reserve Banks) can be used to secure discount window advances and extensions of daylight credit for master account activity including charges associated therewith. For more information on the use of collateral under the Payment System Risk (PSR) policy, refer to the Guide to the Federal Reserve\'s Payment System Risk Policy on Intraday Credit found on the Payment System Risk Related Policy Documents site. The information displayed here is a summary and does not supersede or replace any requirements contained in specific Reserve Bank agreements, policies, or procedures. This information may be periodically updated, is subject to change without notice, and is not binding on the Federal Reserve System in any particular transaction. Prior to pledging collateral to a Reserve Bank, an institution must complete the required agreements located in the Federal Reserve’s Lending Agreement, Operating Circular 10, and any other documents required by the local Reserve Bank Under the terms and conditions of Operating Circular 10, a pledging institution assigns and grants a security interest in collateral to the Reserve Bank. It should be noted that the Reserve Bank must be able to obtain a first priority perfected security interest in the pledged collateral. Operating Circular 10 empowers the Reserve Bank to file a public financing statement. Institutions should contact their local Reserve Bank to discuss specific questions regarding pledging procedures. #### On This Page * Pledging Securities * Pledging Loans * File Specifications * Collateral Reports * Ex-post Collateral Information ![\\"TopOfPage\\"](\\"/-/media/Images/backtotop.gif?la=en&hash=8A7EC53D1A14696A09AB7654D51B59AC\\") ### Pledging Securities _Note: Stated processing times for all pledging processes are approximate and may vary based on volume and other constraints and are not guaranteed._ #### Fedwire® Securities Service (FSS) Pledging Process Pledges and withdrawals of collateral maintained with FSS may be made during the general hours of operation noted below. Institutions should consult FSS directly for transaction specific instructions as platform operations and hours are subject to change. Pledges: 8:30 a.m. ET – 7:00 p.m. ET (unless extended) for repositioning securities between accounts at same participant; 3:15 p.m. ET is deadline for securities transferred from another participant Withdrawals: 8:30 a.m. ET – 3:15 p.m. ET (1:30 p.m. ET for offline institutions) General Processing Time: Pledges: Effective upon the completion of the transaction. Withdrawals: Effective within minutes of an institution entering instructions via on-line access or providing instructions via off-line access for automated withdrawals. Withdrawals requiring manual intervention by Reserve Bank staff may take longer but will be typically processed same day. FSS securities that secure any outstanding indebtedness or obligation owed to a Reserve Bank may not be withdrawn. The FSS maintains all marketable U.S. Treasury securities, as well as many federal government agencies, government sponsored enterprises (GSE) and certain supranational organizations’ securities, in electronic form. FSS also provides safekeeping, transfer, and delivery-versus-payment settlement services. To pledge, the securities must be transferred to the pledging institution’s restricted securities account (U102). Operating Circular 7, Book-Entry Securities Account Maintenance and Transfer Services contains specific information regarding Fedwire® accounts. Additional information can be found at FRBservices.org. A pledge or withdrawal request can be submitted online using FedLine® or offline by contacting the Federal Reserve Bank Services Support Center – Fedwire® Services Contacts at (833) FRS-SVCS (377-7827), option 3: Fedwire, then option 1: offline. It should be noted that principal and interest payments on pledged securities will continue to flow to the pledging institution; however, principal at maturity may be suspended if needed to collateralize an outstanding obligation. A pledging institution with an existing FSS account should contact the Federal Reserve Bank Services Support Center – Fedwire® Services Contacts at (833) FRS-SVCS (377-7827), option 3: Fedwire, then option 4: all other Fedwire inquiries to verify that its U102 restricted securities account has been activated. If the account has not been activated, the institution should instruct the Wholesale Operations staff to establish a U102 restricted securities account. Pledging institutions without an existing FSS relationship should contact the Federal Reserve Bank Services Support Center – Fedwire® Services Contacts at (833) FRS-SVCS (377-7827), option 3: Fedwire, then option 4: all other Fedwire inquiries to obtain the necessary authorization forms. Please note that pledging institutions are not required to maintain a master account with the Federal Reserve in order to establish a U102 restricted securities account. For PSR purposes only, certain institutions may pledge in‐transit securities to secure additional daylight overdraft capacity beyond their net debit cap in support of their max cap. In-transit securities are defined as book-entry securities transferred over FSS that have been purchased by a depository institution but not yet paid for and owned by the institution’s customers. The pledging of securities in- transit requires institutions to record on their books in real time both the securities that are pledged to the Reserve Bank and the cash allocated by the institution’s customers to fund securities transactions. There are special instructions related to in-transit securities that must be followed by the pledging institution. Pledging institutions must provide a file to the Reserve Bank each night containing Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (CUSIP)-level, minute-by-minute data on securities pledged and cash provided by the institution’s customers to fund the securities purchases. Pledging institutions will need to establish a connection for the data transmission, comply with deadlines for file submission, and conform to file formatting requirements. The Reserve Bank will price the securities, apply any necessary margin adjustments net of customer funding amounts, and arrive at a value for in-transit collateral for each minute of the day. Institutions interested in pledging in-transit collateral for PSR purposes should contact their local Reserve Bank for detailed information and technical specifications. In addition, at least twice a year, the Reserve Bank performs an audit of in-transit processes and records. #### Depository Trust Company (DTC) Pledging Process Pledges and withdrawals of collateral maintained with DTC may be made during the general hours of operation noted below. An institution should consult DTC directly for transaction specific instructions as platform operations and hours are subject to change. Pledges: 8:00 a.m. ET – 5:00 p.m. ET Withdrawals: 8:00 a.m. ET – 5:00 p.m. ET Note: To receive the proceeds of maturing securities on their maturity date, the securities must be withdrawn prior to the same-day payment deadline established by DTC, which may be earlier than the deadline for other withdrawals. Contact DTC for further information. General Processing Times: Pledges: The majority of eligible DTC securities receive straight-through processing within the Federal Reserve’s system. Straight-through processing is effective within minutes of receiving a message from DTC. Some DTC securities may require manual processing, which can take between 10 minutes and several hours after receiving a message from DTC. If accepted by the Reserve Bank, collateral value is assigned within seconds; if rejected, DTC will reverse the pledge on its books within minutes. Note: For some securities, it may take several days to gather and evaluate information needed to make a final eligibility determination and provide collateral value. A Reserve Bank may either reject the pledge while completing its analysis or accept it and not assign a collateral value until after eligibility is determined. Withdrawals: Effective within minutes after receiving a message from DTC for automated withdrawals. Withdrawal requests requiring manual intervention by Reserve Bank staff may take longer but will be approved or rejected same day. DTC securities that secure any outstanding indebtedness or obligation owed to a Reserve Bank may not be withdrawn. DTC is a central securities depository for equity and fixed-income securities in the U.S. market. Each Reserve Bank has established a pledge account with DTC through which securities may be pledged. All DTC participants are eligible to pledge securities via DTC. Pledging institutions that are not themselves DTC participants can pledge securities through a DTC participant. Participants can reposition collateral by logging directly into DTC’s Participant Terminal System (PTS)/Participant Browser Service (PBS) and using DTC’s “COLL” function. The DTC PTS/PBS system contains specific screens for repositioning assets to the Reserve Banks. Below is the list of Reserve Bank pledge accounts: Boston | 600 | Chicago | 608 ---|---|---|--- New York | 694 | St. Louis | 601 Philadelphia | 603 | Minneapolis | 611 Cleveland | 610 | Kansas City | 606 Richmond | 602 | Dallas | 617 Atlanta | 609 | San Francisco | 618 Securities for Discount Window borrowing must be pledged using Federal Reserve purpose code 01, and securities pledged for the Bank Term Funding Program must be pledged using purpose code 04. Pledges can be made by entering a separate pledge request for each security or by using a file feed option that allows the input of multiple pledges through a file upload feature. Repositioning instructions are communicated between DTC and the Federal Reserve via an automated connection; therefore, there is no requirement to contact the Reserve Bank prior to repositioning collateral into or out of a Reserve Bank’s pledge account. Questions regarding the use of DTC’s PTS/PBS system should be directed to DTC. It should be noted that principal and interest payments on pledged securities will generally continue to flow to the pledging institution unless a default has occurred on the pledging institution’s loan. Institutions may request an end of day extension up to 6:00 pm ET to allow for late day pledging and withdrawing of securities. To request an extension, an institution should contact its local Reserve Bank no later than 4:30 pm ET on the day the extension is needed. At the time the extension is requested, the following information should be provided to the local Reserve Bank: * Reason for extension * The type and volume of transactions (e.g., the approximate number of pledges and/or withdrawals) * Estimated time needed to complete processing Institutions should be aware that late-day pledges requiring manual review may be rejected if required information is not readily available prior to the end of the processing day. #### Clearstream Pledging Process Pledges and withdrawals of collateral maintained with Clearstream may be made during the general hours of operation noted below. An institution should consult Clearstream directly for transaction specific instructions as platform operations and hours are subject to change. Pledges: For same day pledge, request must be submitted to Clearstream prior to 1:00 p.m. ET/7:00 p.m. CET. Withdrawals: For same day withdrawal, requests must be submitted to Clearstream prior to 1:00 p.m. ET/7:00 p.m. CET. Times are subject to change; processing times and effectiveness of pledges and withdrawals may vary based on volume and other constraints and are not guaranteed. Please contact Clearstream for more information regarding cut-off times. Clearstream is an international central securities depository based in Luxembourg and is a principal clearing and settlement agent for global and non-U.S. dollar denominated securities. Pledging collateral via Clearstream requires that the pledging institution and the Reserve Bank enter into a tri- party pledging arrangement. Any institution wishing to pledge collateral via Clearstream should contact its local Reserve Bank. #### Euroclear Pledging Process Pledges and withdrawals of collateral maintained with Euroclear may be made during the general hours of operation are noted below. An institution should consult Euroclear directly for transaction specific instructions as platform operations are subject to change. Pledges: For same day pledge, request must be submitted to Euroclear prior to 12:15p.m. ET/6:15 p.m. CET. Withdrawals: For same-day withdrawal, requests must be submitted to the Reserve Bank prior to 10:00 a.m. ET/4:00p.m. CET. Times are subject to change. Processing times and effectiveness of pledges and withdrawals may vary based on volume and other constraints and are not guaranteed. Please contact Euroclear for more information regarding cut-off times. Euroclear is an international central securities depository based in Belgium and is a principal clearing and settlement agent for global and non-U.S. dollar denominated securities. Pledging collateral via Euroclear requires that the pledging institution and the Reserve Bank enter into a tri-party pledging arrangement. Any institution wishing to pledge collateral via Euroclear should contact its local Reserve Bank. ![\\"TopOfPage\\"](\\"/-/media/Images/backtotop.gif?la=en&hash=8A7EC53D1A14696A09AB7654D51B59AC\\") ### Pledging Loans Note: Stated processing times for all pledging processes are approximate and may vary based on volume and other constraints and are not guaranteed. For specific questions or requests, please contact your local Reserve Bank. #### Borrower-In-Custody (BIC) Arrangements Pledges and withdrawals of collateral that is pledged pursuant to BIC arrangements may be made during the general hours of operation noted below. Hours of Operation: Pledges: Local Reserve Bank business hours Withdrawals: Local Reserve Bank business hours General Processing Time: Pledges: Within one business day after receipt of the cover letter and schedule of collateral (only if arrangement has been approved by the local Reserve Withdrawals: Within one business day after receipt of the withdrawal request Revaluations: Within one business day after receipt of the cover letter and schedule of collateral BIC arrangements may be used when a pledging institution would like to pledge a portfolio of its loans while maintaining possession of the loans either on its own premises, or on the premises of a third-party custodian(the custodian would be required to execute an additional agreement found in Appendix 5 of Operating Circular 10). An institution may qualify for a BIC arrangement at the discretion of its local Reserve Bank. An institution must maintain appropriate document storage facilities and have an acceptable loan recordkeeping system capable of identifying the assets subject to the Reserve Bank’s security interest. An institution must contact its local Reserve Bank to request this pledging arrangement and receive instructions. For commercial loan portfolios, an institution must submit its internal risk rating policies to its local Reserve Bank. Local Reserve Bank analysts will conduct a review of the institution\'s internal rating system and loan documentation practices. If acceptable, the Reserve Bank will rely upon the integrity of the institution\'s rating system and internal credit evaluation procedures to confirm the credit quality of loans pledged. The Reserve Bank will also use this information to determine which loans within a proposed pledge portfolio will be eligible to be pledged and what collateral value will be assigned. Once an institution has met all the reporting requirements of its local Reserve Bank and the BIC arrangement has been approved, the institution must submit a cover letter and initial collateral schedule or equivalent documentation listing current outstanding amounts for the loans, along with other pertinent information. An institution should contact its local Reserve Bank to learn what specific information to include on the collateral schedule and how frequently the schedule should be submitted. Pledging institutions are generally required to submit collateral schedules in an electronic form eligible for the automated loan deposit (ALD) process. With the ALD process, each customer loan in a collateral schedule is recorded and valued individually. Listings can be submitted in Microsoft Excel® and comma separated value (CSV) electronic file formats. The Federal Reserve also has a specified fixed-format text file that can be used. Refer to the File Specification sections below for additional information. Pledging institutions are expected to transmit collateral schedules to their local Reserve Bank using an approved method of secure email transmission. Pledging institutions should refer to the File Specifications section below or contact their local Reserve Bank for additional information. #### Third Party Custodial Arrangements Pledges and withdrawals of collateral that is pledged pursuant to custodial arrangements may be made during the general hours of operation noted below. Hours of Operation: Pledges: Local Reserve Bank business hours Withdrawals: Local Reserve Bank business hours General Processing Time: Pledges: Within one business day after receipt of the cover letter and schedule of collateral (only if an arrangement has been approved by the local Reserve Bank) Withdrawals: Within one business day after receipt of the withdrawal request Revaluations: Within one business day after receipt of the cover letter and schedule of collateral A pledging institution may designate a third-party custodian to provide custody services for loans pledged to a Reserve Bank. Third-party custody arrangements involve a pledging institution (borrower), another institution that holds the loans being pledged (custodian) and the Reserve Bank (lender). A third-party custodian can be affiliated with a pledging institution but must be approved by the Reserve Bank prior to any pledge of loans. In all cases, the third-party custodian must be in sound financial condition and have acceptable custody controls for the loans in its possession. An institution must contact its local Reserve Bank to request this type of pledging arrangement and receive instructions. The custodian and the institution will be required to complete an additional agreement found in Appendix 5 of Operating Circular 10. Loan collateral held by a third-party custodian will be subject to the same review requirements as loans pledged under a BIC arrangement. In addition to the custodian maintaining appropriate document storage facilities, the recordkeeping system must be capable of identifying the loans subject to the Reserve Bank’s security interest and a pledging institution’s internal risk rating policies will be assessed to determine that its internal risk-rating system accurately reflects the credit quality of its loan portfolio. After the initial deposit, a pledging institution or custodian must submit a periodic collateral schedule that identifies loans held under the third-party custody arrangement. A pledging institution should contact its local Reserve Bank to learn what specific information to include on the collateral schedule and how frequently to submit the schedule. #### Reserve Bank Custody Pledges and withdrawals of collateral that is in the custody of a Reserve Bank may be made during the general hours of operation noted below. Hours of Operation: Pledges: Local Reserve Bank business hours Withdrawals: Local Reserve Bank business hours General Processing Time: Pledges: Within one business day after receipt of the cover letter and schedule of collateral (only if an arrangement has been approved by the local Reserve Bank) Withdrawals: Within one business day after receipt of the withdrawal request Revaluations: Within one business day after receipt of the cover letter and schedule of collateral Reserve Bank custody may be available for tangible assets such as promissory notes. Customer obligations physically delivered to a Reserve Bank must be in a form such that the assets may be liquidated without further action by the pledging institution (endorsement of pledged notes or power of attorney may be required). An institution should contact its local Reserve Bank for additional information regarding pledging requirements. #### Loan Types and Call Report Mapping The first column in the chart below lists Reserve Bank loan types that may be maintained in BIC arrangements, Reserve Bank Custody arrangements and third- party custodian arrangements. The last column in the chart lists the corresponding Reserve Bank Margin categories. The center columns show the corresponding report codes on the FFIEC 031/041/051 Call Report, the FBO FFIEC 002 Call Report, or the NCUA Call Report, as applicable (Call Report). The chart should be used as guidance when pledging loans to a Reserve Bank. Consult the Call Report for the assets that are covered in each Reserve Bank loan type and Margin Category. An institution should contact its local Reserve Bank for more detailed information about requirements for BIC program participation. Final collateral eligibility is determined through review and approval by the local Reserve Bank. Reserve Bank Collateral Categories * * Contact your local Reserve Bank for additional instruction or clarification. † See note following this chart for additional information. | Domestic FFIEC 031/041/051 Call Report (Schedule RC-C) | NCUA Call Report Codes * *References to Outstanding Balance Account codes in the NCUA column are applicable to i) Schedule A, Section 1 Loans and Leases, or ii) Schedule A, Section 8, Commercial Lending. | FBO FFIEC 002 Call Report (Schedule C) | Applicable Reserve Bank Margin Category ---|---|---|---|--- Commercial and Industrial Loans | For 031 and/or 041 filers, where applicable: 2., 2.a., 2.a.(1), 2.a.(2), 2.b. 4\. 4.a. 9\. 9.a., 9.b. 9.b(1), 9.b(2) 10.b. For 051 filers: 2\. (exclude loans to banks in foreign countries) 4\. (exclude commercial and industrial loans to non-U.S. addresses (domicile)) 9.a., 9.b. 10\. (exclude consumer leases) | 1.h. (code 400L2) 1.i. (code 400C5) 1.j. (code 400C6) 2.h. (code 400L3) 2.i. (code 400C7) 2.j. (code 400C8) 13\. (code 400P) | 2.a.(1), 2.a.(2), 2.b. 3\. 4.a. 7\. 8\. 9.a. | Commercial and Industrial Loans & Leases Agricultural Production Loans | 3\. | 1.g. (code 042A6) 2.g. (code 042A8) | 8\. | Agricultural Loans Agricultural Loans secured by farmland | 1.b. | 1.b. (code 042A5) 2.b. (code 042A7) 11\. (code 386B) | 1.b. | Commercial Real Estate Loans Commercial Real Estate Loans (nonfarm nonresidential) | 1.e.(2) | 1.e. (code 400J2) 2.e. (code 400J3) 11\. (code 386B) 12\. (code 718A5) | 1.e. | Commercial Real Estate Loans Owner Occupied Nonfarm Nonresidential CRE | 1.e.(1) | 1.d. (code 400H2) 2.d. (code 400H3) | 1.e. | Commercial Real Estate Loans 5+ Family Residential Mortgage Loans | 1.d. | 1.c. (code 400M) 2.c. (code 400M1) | 1.d. | Commercial Real Estate Loans Construction Loans (1-4 family construction, and, other construction loans) | 1.a.(1) 1.a.(2) | 1.a. (code 143B3) 2.a. (code 143B4) | 1.a. | Construction Loans Raw Land Loans (land development and other land loans)† | 1.a.(2) | 1.a. (code 143B3) 2.a. (code 143B4) 11\. (code 386B) | 1.a. | Raw Land Loans Consumer Loans: auto, marine | 6.b. (secured) 6.c. 6.d. | 5\. (code 385) 6\. (code 370) 8\. (code 698C) | 8\. | Consumer Loans & Leases (auto, boat, etc.) Consumer Loans (revolving credit plans, single payment and installment loans) | 6.b. 6.d. | 4\. (code 397) | 8\. | Consumer Loans - Unsecured Consumer Leases—Other | For 031 and 041 filers 10 as defined by 10.a. For 051 filers: 10\. (include consumer leases and exclude all other leases) | 7\. (code 002) | 9.a. | Consumer Loans & Leases (auto, boat, etc.) Home Equity Loans or Lines secured by residential property† | 1.c.(1) 1.c.(2)(b) | 10\. (code 386A) (include open-end lines of credit secured by a first lien on single 1-4 Family Residential Property) | 1.c.(1) 1.c.(2) | 1-4 Family Mortgage Loans (second lien, home equity) 1-4 Family Residential Mortgage Loans† | 1.c.(2)(a) | 9\. (code 703A) (exclude open-end lines of credit secured by a first lien on single 1-4 Family Residential Property) | 1.c.(2) | 1-4 Family Mortgage Loans (first lien) Student Loans† | 6.d. | 3\. (code 698A) | NA | Student Loans Credit Card Receivables | 6.a. | 1\. (code 396) | NA | Consumer Loans - Credit Card Receivables or Consumer Loans - Subprime Credit Card Receivables Guaranteed portion of U.S. Agency Loans† | The value of the collateral will depend on the amount and status of the guarantee. Review the underlying Note for the guarantee information. Please refer to the accompanying notes for additional details. | U.S. Agency Guaranteed Loans or margin applied to respective Call Report code. Non-Guaranteed portion of U.S. Agency Loans† | The value of the collateral will depend on the amount that is not guaranteed. Review the underlying Note for the guarantee information. Please refer to the accompanying notes for additional details. | Non-Guaranteed Portion of U.S. Agency Loan or margin applied to respective Call Report code Obligations of states and political subdivisions (Municipalities) | 8\. | NA | 8\. | Bank Loans to State and Local Governments ##### †Note for Raw Land Loans (land development and other land loans): The parcel(s) of land securing a loan in this Reserve Bank Loan Type should not have any improvements. These loans should be secured only by an undeveloped parcel of land (e.g. no hookups such as plumbing, sewer, nor electricity) and dirt should be untouched. ##### †Note for Home Equity Loans and Lines (secured by residential property): Credit Unions Only * Exclude all loans secured by non-residential real estate * Exclude all loans secured by >5 residential mortgage loans ##### †Note for 1-4 Family Residential Mortgage Loans: Credit Unions Only * Exclude all open-ended loans * Exclude all loans secured by non-residential real estate * Exclude all loans secured by >5 residential mortgage loans ##### †Note for Student Loans: With respect to the Call Report code 6.d, only include loans with a purpose specifically for education. ##### †Note for U.S. Agency Loans: The guaranteed portion of the loans is subject to local Reserve Bank evaluation. Institutions may elect to pledge the guaranteed portion of the loan according to its Call Report line item or into this collateral category. This includes the guaranteed portions of loans guaranteed by the Small Business Administration, Rural Housing Services, Export-Import Bank, or Department of Education. The unguaranteed portion of the loans may be pledged according to its Call Report line item or may be pledged as documented in the In-Scope File Format Specifications and Definitions document. Loans originated pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) should be reported as U.S. Agency Loans. ![\\"TopOfPage\\"](\\"/-/media/Images/backtotop.gif?la=en&hash=8A7EC53D1A14696A09AB7654D51B59AC\\") ### File Specifications All depository institutions (12 CFR 201.2(c)(1)) that pledge loans as collateral for Federal Reserve purposes are required to submit reports detailing the pledged loans on a periodic basis (at least monthly), as well as any time the total current outstanding principal balance of all loans pledged decreases by 10 percent or more. Automated Loan Deposit (ALD) is the Federal Reserve’s process for recording loan pledges at the individual loan detail level, and, in most instances, reports must be submitted in an ALD format. The process for pledging loan collateral to a Reserve Bank depends in part on whether the pledging institution is in the in-scope category or out-of-scope category. The difference between the two groups is the amount of information the pledging institution must provide about each pledged loan. In-scope institutions must provide a more detailed set of data elements for pledged loans. An institution is considered in-scope if it meets one of the following criteria: * All depository institutions (12 CFR 201.2(c)(1)) that are controlled (12 CFR 225.2(e)) by a Bank Holding Company (12 CFR 225.2(c)(1)) (including a Financial Holding Company (12 CFR 225.81)) or an Intermediate Holding Company (12 CFR 252.2(y)) with Fifty Billion Dollars ($50,000,000,000) or more in total consolidated assets, defined as the average over the last four calendar quarters; * All Foreign Banking Organizations (12 CFR 211.21(o)(1)); * All other domestic depository institutions with Fifty Billion Dollars ($50,000,000,000) or more in total consolidated assets, defined as the average over the last four calendar quarters; or * An institution that voluntarily becomes an in-scope institution. #### In-Scope File Specifications General Reporting Requirements * On a periodic basis (at least monthly), in-scope institutions will send a plain text file of vertical pipe (|) separated fields containing the required loan fields on loans pledged as collateral. * Each file should only contain data for one ABA number and Reserve Bank loan type. An institution can submit multiple files for the same Reserve Bank loan type and pledgee account code. * Each file must contain a unique loan identifier that will be maintained and matched in future file submissions; each new file will replace the previous file with the same loan identifier. Loan identifiers are created by local Reserve Banks for internal purposes. If you have questions, please contact your local Reserve Bank. * Files should only contain loans that meet all applicable collateral eligibility requirements. * Depository institutions should encrypt files in transit (using an approved secure transmission method) before sending the files electronically. The following methods may be used to securely transmit ALD collateral reports: ZixCorp, Intralinks or Email with Mandatory Transport Layer Solution (TLS). Please contact your local Reserve Bank collateral staff for additional information. Each file: * Must provide updated loan fields for loans currently pledged (revaluations). * Must exclude loans that the institution no longer wishes to pledge (withdrawals). * May contain new loan deposits (loans that were not included on the prior report). Record Types and Requirements * Each file should include only one Header Record (the first record in the file) and only one Trailer Record (the last record in the file). * In the format fields for the header and trailer record as well as the loan detail record: when a numerical value is required, it is represented by a 9 and when alphabetic characters are required, they are represented by an X. The numbers in parentheses identify the maximum number of characters in each loan field. * When coding fields, the following rules should be applied: * Decimal points and negative signs in numeric fields should be explicit. * Leading zeros in numeric fields should be suppressed. * Credit card pledges are to be reported based on credit score “pools”, with each “pool” having a set credit score threshold. In-scope institutions should report Credit Card receivables in segments (The unique identifier for the reported credit card pool should be classified as: 1 = (›760); 2 = (660-760); 3 = (620-659); 4 = (‹620).) Do not report a pool if it does not contain any pledged credit cards. * Contact your local Reserve Bank for further instruction. * Separate submissions of prime and subprime credit cards are no longer required for in-scope institutions; since credit card reporting is now “pool”-based, only one submission covering all credit cards is needed. However, the format in which an in-scope institution will be required to deliver the new loan fields will be at the discretion of each Reserve Bank. * All dates should be in CCYYMMDD format. * All times should be in HHMMSS format. * The Asset Code (for the Reserve Bank loan type) in the header record is used to determine the specific detail record format. Additional information can be found in the In-Scope File Format Specifications and Definitions document. #### Out-of-Scope File Specifications General Reporting Requirements * On a periodic basis (at least monthly), an institution will send a fixed position text file containing detail on loans pledged as collateral, or with a file in Microsoft Excel® format, or select other formats. * Each file should only contain data for one ABA number and Reserve Bank loan type. An institution is allowed to submit multiple files for the same Reserve Bank loan type and pledgee account code. * Each file must contain a unique Loan Identifier that will be maintained and matched in future file submissions; each new file will replace the previous file with the same Loan Identifier. * Files should only contain loans that meet all applicable eligibility requirements for the pledge program. * Credit Card Receivables will be reported as a group deposit and will subsequently have fewer loan data elements to report. Contact your local Reserve Bank for additional instruction. * Depository institutions should encrypt files in transit (using an approved secure transmission method) before sending Collateral Schedules electronically. The following methods may be used to securely transmit ALD collateral reports: ZixCorp, Intralinks or Email with Mandatory Transport Layer Solution (TLS). Please contact your local Reserve Bank collateral staff for additional information. Each file: * Must provide updated principal balances for loans currently pledged (revaluations). * Must exclude loans that an institution no longer wishes to pledge (withdrawals). * May contain new loan deposits (loans that were not included on the prior report). * While certain fields are optional and may be left blank (as indicated in the descriptions in the tables below), loans where required fields are left blank or not completed in accordance with the tables below will not receive value. Record Types and Requirements The specifications listed below pertain to formatting only and are not intended to serve as a comprehensive list of fields that are required to be reported by institutions that pledge loans. In some cases, Reserve Banks may require institutions to utilize a particular template for reports. Please contact your local Reserve Bank collateral staff for the template or specific list of fields that your institution must provide for pledged loans. Text File Specifications * Each file should include only one header record (the first record in the file) and only one trailer or expanded trailer record (the last record in the file). * Reporting requirements depend on whether a loan is subject to a “master note facility,” an overarching lending agreement that allows for multiple individual drawdowns to be outstanding at one time. * For each master note facility, the file should include (i) one Obligor Record; (ii) one Master Note Record; and (iii) a Loan Detail Record for each individual drawdown under the facility. There can be multiple Loan Detail Records under a Master Note Record. * For each loan that is not part of a master note facility, the file should include (i) one Obligor Record and (ii) one Loan Detail Record. * Additional information can be found in the Out-of-Scope Text File Format Specifications and Definition document. Microsoft Excel® Format Specifications * Files should be saved in Excel 97-2003 (.xls) or Excel Workbook (.xlsx) format. Contact your Reserve Bank regarding the possibility of submitting files in other formats * Files should be saved without Excel password protection * Files should not include merged cells, hidden rows, or hidden columns * The following Excel number formats should be utilized: * “Currency” for dollar amounts ($0.00) * “Short date” for dates (mm/dd/yy or mm/dd/yyyy) Once an institution’s file format has been accepted by a Reserve Bank, the institution is required to utilize the same file layout for each successive collateral report submission * Column headers, including names, spellings, and positions, must remain unchanged * Worksheet (tab) names and positions must remain unchanged * New fields should be appended to the right of all columns in the existing file layout The interest method should be reported as follows: * The interest method field is required to be reported by institutions with total assets of $10 billion or more. * Use the value Fixed for loans that carry a fixed interest rate: * A fixed interest rate is a rate that is specified at the origination of the transaction, is fixed and invariable during the term of the loan or lease and is known to both the borrower and the lender. A fixed rate may change during the term of the loan on a predetermined basis, with the exact rate of interest over the life of the loan known with certainty to both the borrower and the lender when the loan is acquired. Examples of predetermined-rate transactions are: * Loans that carry a specified interest rate six months and thereafter carry a rate equal to a specific percentage over the initial rate * Loans that carry a specified interest rate while the loan amount is below a certain threshold amount but carry a different specified rate above that threshold (e.g., a line of credit where the interest rate is 10% when the unpaid balance of amounts advanced is $100,000 or less, and 8% when the unpaid balance is more than $100,000) * Use the value Floating for loans with an interest rate that floats: * A floating interest rate is a rate that varies, or can vary, in relation to an index, to some other interest rate such as the rate on certain U.S. Government securities or the bank\'s \"prime rate,\" or to some other variable criterion the exact value of which cannot be known in advance. Therefore, the exact rate the loan carries at any subsequent time cannot be known at the time of origination. For demand loans, which are loans without a stated maturity date that are due upon demand by the lender, the maturity date should be reported with one of the following options: * Leave the maturity date field blank * Report a maturity date of 01/01/9999 * Report a maturity date of 12/31/9999 Institutions are encouraged to contact their local Reserve Bank collateral staff to learn more about pledging loan collateral, including requirements for periodic collateral reports. ![\\"TopOfPage\\"](\\"/-/media/Images/backtotop.gif?la=en&hash=8A7EC53D1A14696A09AB7654D51B59AC\\") ### Collateral Reports #### Intra-day Collateral Balances Pledging institutions can view intra-day collateral balances and activity in the Account Management Information application (AMI) which is updated throughout the day with real-time collateral information. AMI users at pledging institutions that have access to real-time balance and risk attribute information will also have access to collateral information. Balances of collateral pledged for Reserve Bank and U.S. Treasury purposes can be viewed on the “Collateral Reporting” screen in AMI under “View Collateral Balances.” Summary activity displays increases and decreases to a pledging institution’s collateral pledged to the Reserve Bank and rolled up by asset type (Securities and Loans). Collateral pledged to the Reserve Bank is available for discount window and payment system risk purposes. Collateral pledged to the U.S. Treasury reflects the aggregate amount of the collateral pledged to all U.S. Treasury collateral programs. Summary and detailed collateral activity can also be viewed intra-day. This information is available on the “Collateral Reporting” screen under “View Detailed Current Day Collateral Activity.” Increases may include deposits and revaluations, and decreases may include withdrawals and revaluations. This screen displays a pledging institutions’ collateral activity chronologically throughout the current day. Transactions displayed include account transfers, deposits, and withdrawals, as well as certain changes to collateral values initiated by the Reserve Bank, such as market value updates. Finally, the aggregate value of collateral available for daylight overdraft purposes can be found on the “View Balances” screen, with other related information such as daylight overdraft balance, collateralized daylight overdrafts, and uncollateralized daylight overdrafts. This information is updated throughout the day as values change. If intra-day collateral information is unavailable through AMI, pledging institutions should contact their local Reserve Bank for collateral balances. More information on accessing collateral information through AMI can be found in the Account Management Guide on the Federal Reserve Bank Services website. ![\\"TopOfPage\\"](\\"/-/media/Images/backtotop.gif?la=en&hash=8A7EC53D1A14696A09AB7654D51B59AC\\") ### Ex-post Collateral Information Information on pledged collateral and collateral transactions is available through AMI and secure e-mail. Pledging institutions may download the following collateral reports from AMI: * Statement of Collateral Holdings * Summary Transaction Listing AMI creates two sets of collateral reports each day per pledging institution. After approximately 5:30 PM ET, pledging institutions may access a preliminary version of their holdings statement and transaction report. A final version of the reports is available the following morning. Pledging institutions will also have access to the final holdings statements and transaction reports for the previous five business days. Collateral reports can also be received through secure e-mail in a PDF at intervals requested by the pledging institution such as daily, weekly, or monthly. The following collateral reports are available: * Statement of Collateral Holdings * Statement of Trust Receipts * Summary Transaction Listing * Notification of Collateral Revaluations * Notification of Maturing Collateral A Statement of Collateral Holdings is generated at the end of the business day. This report lists a pledging institution’s collateral holdings at the CUSIP or loan portfolio level as of the end of the current business day. A Statement of Trust Receipts is generated on-request. This report is intended for pledging institutions that act as custodians and lists securities held by the custodian bank. This report is usually produced in association with mergers for those depositors involved in a merger. A Summary Transaction Listing is generated at the end of each business day. This report summarizes all transactions processed (deposits, revaluations, and withdrawals) for the day. A Notification of Collateral Revaluations is generated on request. This report lists all securities or loan portfolios that require a revaluation within a specified number of days. A Notification of Maturing Collateral is generated on request. The report lists all holdings that will be maturing within a specified timeframe (i.e. one month). For delivery by secure e-mail, pledging institutions may designate multiple recipients and report delivery can be customized based upon individual needs. For example, recipients can receive reports on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. The reports can be set up to include all collateral programs or just specific collateral programs (i.e. Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury Tax and Loan). Reports can also depict all collateral holdings or have FSS holdings in a separate report. Contact your local Reserve Bank for more information. The e-mail delivery of the collateral reports will be through the Reserve Bank’s secure e-mail services provided by ZixCorp, Inc. If the recipient is a ZixCorp customer, they will receive an e-mail in their mailbox from FRS-CMS- [email protected] with the collateral reports attached. If the recipient is not a ZixCorp customer, they will receive an e-mail from [email protected] stating that they have a message from the FRSecure message center. The recipient must click on the link in the e-mail to go the FRSecure message center secure e-mail site to pick up the e-mail and access the reports. At the FRSecure message center secure e-mail site, they will be prompted for a login ID and password. If the recipient has never logged into the FRSecure Message Center before, they will need to create a login ID and strong password. Please note that messages on the FRSecure message center secure e-mail site will expire 21 days after the e-mail delivery date. An institution should contact their local Reserve Bank to request e-mail delivery of reports noted above. ![\\"TopOfPage\\"](\\"/-/media/Images/backtotop.gif?la=en&hash=8A7EC53D1A14696A09AB7654D51B59AC\\") Select Your District Atlanta (6th District) Boston (1st District) Chicago (7th District) Cleveland (4th District) Dallas (11th District) Kansas City (10th District) Minneapolis (9th District) New York (2nd District) Philadelphia (3rd District) Richmond (5th District) San Francisco (12th District) St. Louis (8th District) Federal Reserve Board Discount RatesCollateralSelect Your DistrictFrequently Asked QuestionsPrivacy Policy | Legal NoticesContact Us × Close |
RBI issued a circular approving 5 days working for banks | 3,324 | # Access Denied You don\'t have permission to access \" PolicyCircular-2020-29October2020_0.pdf\" on this server. Reference #18.ce6c3f17.1728291791.1294fff3 |
Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states | 3,325 | The Poynter Institute Menu Donate State Editions * California * Florida * Iowa * Michigan * New Hampshire * New York * North Carolina * Pennsylvania * Texas * West Virginia * Wisconsin Issues * All Issues * Online hoaxes * Coronavirus * Health Care * Immigration * Extremism * Taxes * Marijuana * Environment * Crime * Guns * Foreign Policy * LGBTQ+ People * Joe Biden * Kamala Harris * Donald Trump * Mitch McConnell * Hakeem Jeffries * Ron DeSantis Media * PunditFact * Tucker Carlson * Sean Hannity * Rachel Maddow * Bloggers * PolitiFact Videos Campaigns * 2024 Elections Truth-o-Meter * True * Mostly True * Half True * Mostly False * False * Pants on Fire Promises * Biden Promise Tracker * Trump-O-Meter * Obameter * Latest Promises About Us * Our Process * Our Staff * En Español * Who pays for PolitiFact? * Advertise with Us * Suggest a Fact-check * Corrections and Updates * Newsletters Donate #### Follow us The Facts Newsletter Sign up English Español ### Get PolitiFact in your inbox. * Weekly Email Newsletter * Daily Email Newsletter Your Email Address Sign Up ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on November 11, 2019 in a Facebook post: \"Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states.\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" false/33efdb6633e5e2fdc2d4e2f63383a1e0.jpg.\\") ![\\"false\\"](\\" false.jpg\\") * Elections * Facebook Fact-checks * Facebook posts ![\\"Miriam](\\" By Miriam Valverde January 8, 2020 # Fact-checking claim on Electoral College, Los Angeles County and 43 states A Facebook post claims that getting rid of the Electoral College would give a single county in California more say in the election of the president than 43 states. \"Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states,\" said the Nov. 11 Facebook post that’s been shared more than 18,000 times. The post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.) The post, taken literally, makes no sense, said James A. Gardner, an election law expert at the University at Buffalo School of Law. \"If the Electoral College were abolished, presumably the president would be elected by nationwide majority vote,\" Gardner said. In such a system, all groups of people \"would have precisely identical influence on the outcome of the election since every vote would count equally in the final tally,\" he said. A voter in Los Angeles County would have exactly the same input into the presidential election as would a voter in rural Wyoming if a national popular vote were used to elect the president, said Robert Speel, a political science associate professor at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. Background on the Electoral College process Voters on Election Day choose who they want as president, yet the final vote comes later through the Electoral College, which consists of 538 electors. (The candidate who reaches 270 Electoral College votes wins.) The number of electors a state gets equals the combined number of members a state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Each state has two senators, and the number of representatives for each state varies depending on the state’s population. States with more people have more representatives. (Though not a state, the District of Columbia is allocated three electors due to a constitutional amendment. U.S. territories, like Puerto Rico, do not get electors and cannot vote in the general election.) Eliminating the Electoral College (and not creating a new system in its place) would mean that the president is elected based on the popular vote -- that is, who gets the most votes on Election Day. Supporters of the Electoral College argue that keeping it requires candidates to get votes from all parts of the country, including less populated areas. Opponents say that it actually makes candidates focus only on swing states -- states where the margin is close enough that either party has a chance of winning. #### Featured Fact-check ![](\\" ![](\\" Social Media stated on August 19, 2024 in in social media posts Videos show Kamala Harris intoxicated. ![\\"true\\"](\\" false/33efdb6633e5e2fdc2d4e2f63383a1e0.jpg.\\") ![\\"false\\"](\\" false.jpg\\") By Jeff Cercone • August 22, 2024 Population of Los Angeles County and 43 states The Facebook post appears to suggest that since Los Angeles County has a lot of people — an estimated 10.1 million as of July 2019 — it will outweigh the voice of 43 other states. The post doesn’t specify which states, nor does it make clear if it means the county will be stronger than the 43 states combined or compared to each. U.S. Census Bureau population estimates show that 41 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico each had fewer people than did Los Angeles County. (Perhaps whoever created the Facebook post added the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico to arrive at \"43 states.\") One way to read the post is to say that Los Angeles County’s influence under a direct popular vote would outweigh the combination of all 43 states. But that’s wrong. The 43 states’ collective population — about 163.7 million — is about 16 times that of Los Angeles County. In a direct popular vote system, candidates might adjust their campaign strategy to appear in major media markets like Los Angeles, because that would be the most efficient use of campaign resources. \"So maybe the author is trying inartfully to say this,\" Gardner said of the Facebook post. But it’s uncertain whether candidates would even make that change. It could also be that candidates avoid places like Los Angeles because they are reliably Democratic and focus instead on winning swing regions, Gardner said. Under the Electoral College system, candidates spend almost all of their general election campaign time in urban and suburban areas in 10 to 12 battleground states, Speel said. In a popular vote system, they would likely stick to those regions but in a greater variety of states, he said. \"Presidential candidates are not going to campaign for the general election in rural areas no matter what system is used, simply because there aren\'t enough votes there,\" Speel said. Our ruling A Facebook post said, \"Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states.\" With a popular vote system in place of the Electoral College, experts said every individual voter will have the same power. A change from one system to another could alter campaigning practices, but that doesn’t necessarily mean one vote in an urban area counts more than one vote in a rural area. We rate this post False. #### Read About Our Process The Principles of the Truth-O-Meter ### Our Sources Facebook post, Nov. 11, 2019 U.S. Census Bureau, Los Angeles County population as of July 1, 2019; Information on Top 10 Most Populous States 2019 Archives.org, What is the Electoral College? Email interview, Robert Speel, a political science associate professor at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Jan. 4, 2020 Email interview, James A. Gardner, an election law expert at the University at Buffalo School of Law, Jan. 6, 2020 Email interview, Herb Asher, Professor Emeritus at The Ohio State University, Jan. 3, 2020 ## Browse the Truth-O-Meter ### More by Miriam Valverde slide 4 to 6 of 15 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron DeSantis stated on April 19, 2021 in a speech: “If you look at some of these places that (reduced police funding), they’ve already seen crime go up.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • May 4, 2021 ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/322c808c00e73c217d17772ddd5a0eb5.jpg\\") ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/8b142c91ebe468a84a192e6df2b7b994.jpg\\") Instagram posts stated on April 22, 2021 in an Instagram post: \"Mountains of data\" show drug ivermectin \"basically obliterates\" COVID-19 transmission. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • April 23, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on April 7, 2021 in a Facebook post: Says the nation is locked down and there’s “a wide open border.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • April 15, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Pramila Jayapal stated on August 30, 2021 in an Instagram post: “The average hospital stay for a case of COVID-19 costs about $17,064. The vaccine is free.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • September 2, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Mitt Romney stated on August 29, 2021 in a CNN interview: The Trump administration worked to free 5,000 Taliban prisoners. ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • August 31, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Joe Biden stated on August 20, 2021 in a press conference: There has been “no question of our credibility from our allies around the world” regarding how the U.S. is withdrawing from Afghanistan. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • August 26, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on August 16, 2021 in a Facebook post: COVID-19 vaccinations are “a violation of the Nuremberg code.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • August 20, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron DeSantis stated on August 4, 2021 in a press conference: Says Joe Biden has driven the current coronavirus surge because he “imported more virus from around the world by having a wide open southern border.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Louis Jacobson • August 6, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron DeSantis stated on June 16, 2021 in a press conference: “That meth … it’s almost all coming across the southern border and it’s been accelerating for the last six months.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • June 21, 2021 ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/322c808c00e73c217d17772ddd5a0eb5.jpg\\") ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/8b142c91ebe468a84a192e6df2b7b994.jpg\\") Instagram posts stated on June 4, 2021 in an Instagram post: \"920 women lose their unborn babies after getting vaccinated.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • June 8, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on May 26, 2021 in a Facebook post: Police defunding is to blame for “skyrocketing murder rates” in Philadelphia, Minneapolis, Portland, New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • May 28, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on May 25, 2021 in a Facebook post: “Biden agrees to Pelosi\'s request to resign.” ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • May 26, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on May 17, 2021 in social media posts: “Gas prices highest in a decade. Worst jobs report in 2 decades. Highest inflation in 3 decades. Highest increase in illegal immigration in 4 decades.” ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Louis Jacobson • May 26, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Kevin McCarthy stated on May 12, 2021 in a statement to reporters: \"I don\'t think anybody is questioning the legitimacy of the presidential election.\" ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • May 14, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Kamala Harris stated on May 4, 2021 in a speech: “The global cost of corruption is as much as 5% of the world\'s GDP.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • May 7, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Ron DeSantis stated on April 19, 2021 in a speech: “If you look at some of these places that (reduced police funding), they’ve already seen crime go up.\" ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"barely-true\\"](\\" barely-true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • May 4, 2021 ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/322c808c00e73c217d17772ddd5a0eb5.jpg\\") ![](\\" Instagram_logo_2016.svg/8b142c91ebe468a84a192e6df2b7b994.jpg\\") Instagram posts stated on April 22, 2021 in an Instagram post: \"Mountains of data\" show drug ivermectin \"basically obliterates\" COVID-19 transmission. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • April 23, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on April 7, 2021 in a Facebook post: Says the nation is locked down and there’s “a wide open border.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • April 15, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Pramila Jayapal stated on August 30, 2021 in an Instagram post: “The average hospital stay for a case of COVID-19 costs about $17,064. The vaccine is free.” ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"mostly-true\\"](\\" mostly-true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • September 2, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Mitt Romney stated on August 29, 2021 in a CNN interview: The Trump administration worked to free 5,000 Taliban prisoners. ![\\"true\\"](\\" ![\\"true\\"](\\" By Miriam Valverde • August 31, 2021 ![](\\" ![](\\" Joe Biden stated on August 20, 2021 in a press conference: There has been “no question of our credibility from our allies around the world” regarding how the U.S. is withdrawing from Afghanistan. ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Miriam Valverde • August 26, 2021 ### Fact-checking claim on Electoral College, Los Angeles County and 43 states * ![](\\" ![](\\" Threads posts stated on September 13, 2024 in a post on Threads: “ABC lost $27M in ad revenue after advertisers pulled ads from the network after the way they hosted the debate\" on Sept. 10. ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Madison Czopek • September 15, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 8, 2024 in a social media post: Photos that show lists of school names are “school shooting lists.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Andy Nguyen • September 15, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Instagram posts stated on September 12, 2024 in an Instagram post: A video shows a body that Israel embedded with a bomb exploding during a Palestinian funeral procession. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Sofia Ahmed • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 11, 2024 in a post: “ESPN has fired Shannon Sharpe.” ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Gideon Hess • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Threads posts stated on September 12, 2024 in a post on Threads: An image shows Travis Kelce responding to Elon Musk X post that followed Taylor Swift’s endorsement of Vice President Kamala Harris. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Madison Czopek • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Instagram posts stated on September 12, 2024 in an Instagram post: Former President Donald Trump admitted during the Sept. 10 presidential debate that he “blew up the Nord Stream pipeline.” ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Loreben Tuquero • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 10, 2024 in a Facebook post: Patron, Don Julio and Pink Whitney tequila recalled because they contained fecal matter. ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Jeff Cercone • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Elissa Slotkin stated on September 11, 2024 in a TV ad: Mike Rogers supported “laws that could eliminate IVF and birth control.” ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"half-true\\"](\\" true.jpg\\") By Caleb McCullough • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Instagram posts stated on September 11, 2024 in an Instagram post: \"Debate moderators made the false claim to Donald Trump that there is nowhere in the United States where abortion is legal up until birth.\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" ![\\"false\\"](\\" By Jeff Cercone • September 13, 2024 * ![](\\" ![](\\" Facebook posts stated on September 12, 2024 in a Facebook post: ABC News fired presidential debate moderators David Muir and Linsey Davis. ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" th.jpg\\") ![\\"pants-fire\\"](\\" pants-fire.jpg\\") By Sofia Ahmed • September 13, 2024 Load more ### Support independent fact-checking. 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Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states | 3,325 | Hurricane-prone states The day in pictures Get the USA TODAY app Start the day smarter ☀️ U.S. Elections Sports Entertainment Life Money Tech Travel Opinion ONLY AT USA TODAY: Newsletters For Subscribers From the Archives Crossword eNewspaper Magazines Investigations Podcasts Video Humankind Just Curious Best-selling Booklist 24/7 Live Stream Legals OUR PORTFOLIO: 10Best USAT Wine Club Shopping Homefront Blueprint Southern Kitchen Best Auto Insurance Best Pet Insurance Best Travel Insurance Best Credit Cards Best CD Rates Best Personal Loans Home Internet FACT CHECK fact-checking Add Topic # Fact check: Post errs assessing electoral power of the Los Angeles area ![\\"Portrait](\\"/gcdn/presto/2023/07/07/USAT/8cfc9f3b-f2c3-4230-aac9-638f64cf6dbf- IMG_3391.jpg?crop=938,938,x0,y0&width=48&height=48&format=pjpg&auto=webp\\") Sudiksha Kochi USA TODAY ![\\"\\"](\\"/gcdn/presto/2022/08/18/USAT/443fa898-448a-4456-8c24-1461200785c0-AP_Election_2022_Florida_Early_Voting.jpg?crop=5239,2947,x0,y266&width=660&height=371&format=pjpg&auto=webp\\"/) PlayPause Sound OnSound Off 0:00 0:44 AD SKIP ClosedCaptionOpen ShareEnter Full ScreenExit Full Screen ## The claim: Post implies abolishing the Electoral College makes Los Angeles \'stronger\' than 43 states The U.S. Constitution established the Electoral College system to select the nation\'s president and vice president, involving 538 electors who cast the critical ballots. The system has always generated debate, particularly among those wanting a more straightforward popular vote. But some social media users say abolishing the Electoral College would give Los Angeles an outsized impact on the race for the White House. \"This should scare you,\" reads a Facebook post shared July 18. \"Abolishing the Electorial (sic) College makes Los Angeles stronger than 43 states.\" The post was shared more than 800 times in less than two weeks. Similar posts have amassed hundreds of interactions on Facebook. But the implied claim here is false. Election experts told USA TODAY that if the Electoral College were abolished, it would likely be replaced with a nationwide popular vote, in which one person gets one vote. The amount of influence accorded to Los Angeles in that system depends on how one defines the geographic area, but no definition of the relevant area would make the claim true. USA TODAY reached out to the social media users who shared the claim for comment. ## Comparison in post doesn\'t add up Kristine Bezdecny, a geography professor at California State University, Los Angeles, told USA TODAY that people tend to be vague about which \"Los Angeles\" they are referring to, as was the case with the Facebook post. However, there are generally three main regions \"Los Angeles\" could refer to: the City of Los Angeles; Los Angeles County; and the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, which typically refers to Los Angeles, Riverside, Orange, San Bernardino and Ventura counties, according to Bezdecny. If the Electoral College was abolished, the population of any particular region, whether a state or a city, would be irrelevant, assuming a system of nationwide popular election was substituted, James Gardner, an election law expert at the University of Buffalo School of Law, told USA TODAY in an email. In such a system, the president is directly elected by the people and each person gets one vote. Fact check:No, sending postcards to state officials won\'t decertify 2020 election results So really the claim is just that \"Los Angeles\" is larger than 43 states. Let\'s check the numbers on that. The City of Los Angeles\' population was about 3.9 million in the 2020 Census, which exceeds the population of 22 individual states, said Robert Speel, a political scientist at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. Fact check:No evidence Trump said anyone under FBI investigation is not qualified to be president Los Angeles County, the largest county in the U.S., was home to about 10 million people, according to the 2020 Census. It exceeds the population of 40 states, Speel said. And the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area had a population of 18.6 million in the 2020 Census. That exceeds the population of 46 states, Bezdecny said. Only California as a whole, Texas, Florida and New York are larger. (This ranking would be unchanged if we considered the Census-defined Los Angeles Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2020 population of 13.2 million.) ## Our rating: Missing context Based on our research, we rate MISSING CONTEXT the implication that abolishing the Electoral College makes Los Angeles \"stronger\" than 43 states. The post doesn\'t spell out which Los Angeles area it is referring to, but the 43 states stat is wrong in any case. The city and county of Los Angeles have too few people for this to be true, and the metropolitan area is larger than that, outranked by only four states – one of which is California as a whole. ## Our fact-check sources: * Robert Speel, July 28-Aug. 5, Email exchange with USA TODAY * Philip Stark, Aug. 5, Email exchange with USA TODAY * James Gardner, July 28, Email exchange with USA TODAY * USA TODAY, July 29, Exclusive: A Biden vs. Trump rematch in 2024? Two-thirds of Americans say no thanks * USA TODAY, Aug. 5, In race to replace Iowa, Nevada vies to vault New Hampshire as first stop on Democratic 2024 tour * National Archives, accessed Aug. 5, 2020 Electoral College Results * U.S. Government, accessed Aug. 7, Presidential Election Process * U.S. Census Bureau, accessed Aug. 8, Total Population in Los Angeles City, California * U.S. Census Bureau, accessed Aug. 8, Total Population in Georgia * USA TODAY, Nov. 5, 2020, How the Electoral College works – and how it affected battleground states in 2020 * Ballotpedia, accessed Aug. 8, Runoff election * NPR, June 9, 2021, The Electoral College Is At The Heart Of Debate Over Vote Counting Laws * USA TODAY, Oct. 12, 2020, These 6 swing states are pivotal in the White House race. But what are the keys to winning each state? * Kristine Bezdecny, Aug. 24, Email exchange with USA TODAY * U.S. Census Bureau, accessed Aug. 25, Total Population in Los Angeles County, California * U.S. Census Bureau, accessed Aug. 25, Total Population in Riverside County * U.S. Census Bureau, accessed Aug. 25, Total Population in Ventura County * U.S. Census Bureau, accessed Aug. 25, Total Population in Orange County * U.S. Census Bureau, accessed Aug. 25, Total Population in San Bernardino County Thank you for supporting our journalism. You can subscribe to our print edition, ad-free app or electronic newspaper replica here. Our fact-check work is supported in part by a grant from Facebook. 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Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states | 3,325 | CMV: We Should Abolish the Electoral College : r/changemyview Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/changemyview A chip A close button Get app Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu * Log In / Sign Up * Advertise on Reddit * Shop Collectible Avatars ### Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now Or check it out in the app stores Go to changemyview r/changemyview r/changemyview A place to post an opinion you accept may be flawed, in an effort to understand other perspectives on the issue. Enter with a mindset for conversation, not debate. * * * 3.7M Members 1.5K Online • 2 yr. ago [deleted] ADMIN MOD # CMV: We Should Abolish the Electoral College Firstly, I should state that I am definitely not a \"diehard liberal\" before I get bombarded by those comments. For anyone outside the USA or anyone who doesn\'t understand the system the country uses to elect its president, the American presidential election is not held as a giant election; it is held as 51 small elections where all 50 states and Washington DC hold an internal election where their residents express their preferences towards their jurisdiction\'s electors. In other words, the people of California do not directly vote for the president; they vote for who they want their state\'s 54 electors to be assigned to as an example. Every state (except for Nebraska and Maine) is winner-take-all. The candidate who gets the most votes in the state is awarded all of its electors regardless of the margin of victory. This is a big deal for valuable states like California (54), Texas (40), Florida (30), and New York (28). The goal of a candidate is to win 270 electors or more to win the presidency. There are noted issues with this system. Firstly, most states are dominated by one party and are completely ignored in the context of the presidential race. The Republican candidate for president can almost certainly expect to win \"Safe Red\" states like Alabama, Oklahoma, and Idaho while the Democratic nominee can almost certainly expect to win \"Safe Blue\" states like Maryland, Massachusetts, and Hawaii. As such, these states are completely ignored by the candidates since narrowing the margin of defeat or running up their margin of victory is a complete waste of time and money for them. You are unlikely to see television ads, campaign posters, or on-the-ground canvassers because your vote is irrelevant. Voting against (or for!) your state\'s dominant party does not matter since your state\'s electors are pretty much decided years in advance. As such, polarization can be extremified by voters on a losing end since they can feel like their views are drowned out. The focus is always placed on the \"Swing states\" which are the states that either candidate could conceivably win. States like North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin are heavily contested and are the focus of candidate visits, tv advertisements, events, etcetera. Another common complaint with the system is the possibility of a candidate winning the Electoral College without winning the national popular vote. In 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016, the candidate who won the presidency did not receive the most votes nationwide. Even the two most recent cases (George W. Bush and Donald Trump) have publicly stated that while they won based on the rules everyone agreed to and knew about beforehand, they would prefer a system based on a national popular vote. I see way too many people claim that the only reason we still have the Electoral College is because the Republican Party can\'t win the presidency without it, but if the goal was to win the national popular vote, they would be competing differently from the start. There are still benefits with the system. Firstly, if elections were decided by a national popular vote, candidates would focus all their efforts on highly populated cities which would lead to vast swaths of the nation\'s geography being irrelevant. Secondly, the Electoral College was created to give each state a role to play in the process. America\'s founders were concerned about states like Virginia and New York dominating each election (and were concerned that the average voter was not educated enough to make an informed decision.) and wanted each state to take part in the process. I am open to responses and CIVIL discussion. Read more Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 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Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states | 3,325 | Full Episode ![\\"\\"](\\" Sunday, Oct 6 Close Menu PBS NewsHour * Episodes * Podcasts * Newsletters * The Latest * Politics ![\\"Politics\\"](\\" * Brooks and Capehart * Politics Monday * Supreme Court * Arts ![\\"Arts\\"](\\" * CANVAS * Poetry * Now Read This * Nation ![\\"Nation\\"](\\" * Supreme Court * Race Matters * Essays * Brief But Spectacular * World ![\\"World\\"](\\" * Agents for Change * Economy ![\\"Economy\\"](\\" * Making Sen$e * Paul Solman * Science ![\\"Science\\"](\\" * The Leading Edge * ScienceScope * Basic Research * Innovation and Invention * Health ![\\"Health\\"](\\" * Long-Term Care * Education ![\\"Education\\"](\\" * Teachers\' Lounge * Student Reporting Labs * For Teachers ![\\"Education\\"](\\" * Newshour Classroom * NewsHour Shop * About * Feedback * Funders * Support * Jobs Close Menu PBS News Menu Notifications #### Get news alerts from PBS News ##### Turn on desktop notifications? Yes Not now * Full Episodes * Podcasts * Newsletters * Live ![\\"An](\\" ELECTION-NEW-YORK-EARLY-VOTING-1024x683.jpg\\") By — Steve Peoples, Associated Press Steve Peoples, Associated Press Leave your feedback Share * Copy URL gop-raising-alarm-for-democrats * Email * Facebook * Twitter * LinkedIn * Pinterest * Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter # More than 1 million voters switch to GOP, raising alarm for Democrats Politics Jun 27, 2022 4:30 PM EDT WASHINGTON (AP) — A political shift is beginning to take hold across the U.S. as tens of thousands of suburban swing voters who helped fuel the Democratic Party’s gains in recent years are becoming Republicans. More than 1 million voters across 43 states have switched to the Republican Party over the last year, according to voter registration data analyzed by The Associated Press. The previously unreported number reflects a phenomenon that is playing out in virtually every region of the country — Democratic and Republican states along with cities and small towns — in the period since President Joe Biden replaced former President Donald Trump. But nowhere is the shift more pronounced — and dangerous for Democrats — than in the suburbs, where well-educated swing voters who turned against Trump’s Republican Party in recent years appear to be swinging back. Over the last year, far more people are switching to the GOP across suburban counties from Denver to Atlanta and Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Republicans also gained ground in counties around medium-size cities such as Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Raleigh, North Carolina; Augusta, Georgia; and Des Moines, Iowa. READ MORE: Here’s how the right to abortion is also an economic issue Ben Smith, who lives in suburban Larimer County, Colorado, north of Denver, said he reluctantly registered as a Republican earlier in the year after becoming increasingly concerned about the Democrats’ support in some localities for mandatory COVID-19 vaccines, the party’s inability to quell violent crime and its frequent focus on racial justice. “It’s more so a rejection of the left than embracing the right,” said Smith, a 37-year-old professional counselor whose transition away from the Democratic Party began five or six years ago when he registered as a libertarian. The AP examined nearly 1.7 million voters who had likely switched affiliations across 42 states for which there is data over the last 12 months, according to L2, a political data firm. L2 uses a combination of state voter records and statistical modeling to determine party affiliation, meaning that the switchers include both those who have formally changed their registration and those who L2 estimates have shifted toward the GOP. While party switching is not uncommon, the data shows a definite reversal from the period while Trump was in office, when Democrats enjoyed a slight edge in the number of party switchers nationwide. But over the last year, roughly two-thirds of the 1.7 million voters who changed their party affiliation shifted to the Republican Party. In all, more than 1 million people became Republicans compared to about 630,000 who became Democrats. The broad migration of more than 1 million voters, a small portion of the overall U.S. electorate, does not ensure widespread Republican success in the November midterm elections, which will determine control of Congress and dozens of governorships. Democrats are hoping the Supreme Court’s decision on Friday to overrule Roe v. Wade will energize supporters, particularly in the suburbs, ahead of the midterms. Still, the details about party switchers present a dire warning for Democrats who were already concerned about the macro effects shaping the political landscape this fall. WATCH: Election workers continue to face threats after Trump’s false election claims Roughly four months before Election Day, Democrats have no clear strategy to address Biden’s weak popularity and voters’ overwhelming fear that the country is headed in the wrong direction with their party in charge. And while Republicans have offered few policy solutions of their own, the GOP has been working effectively to capitalize on the Democrats’ shortcomings. Republicans benefited last year as suburban parents grew increasingly frustrated by prolonged pandemic-related schools closures. And as inflation intensified more recently, the Republican National Committee has been hosting voter registration events at gas stations in suburban areas across swing states like Arizona, Michigan, Nevada and Pennsylvania to link the Biden administration to record-high gas prices. The GOP has also linked the Democratic president to an ongoing baby formula shortage. “Biden and Democrats are woefully out of touch with the American people, and that’s why voters are flocking to the Republican Party in droves,” RNC Chair Ronna McDaniel told the AP. She predicted that “American suburbs will trend red for cycles to come” because of “Biden’s gas hike, the open border crisis, baby formula shortage and rising crime.” The Democratic National Committee declined to comment when asked about the recent surge in voters switching to the GOP. And while Republican officials are quick to take credit for the shift, the phenomenon gained momentum shortly after Trump left the White House. Still, the specific reason or reasons for the shift remain unclear. At least some of the newly registered Republicans are actually Democrats who crossed over to vote against Trump-backed candidates in GOP primaries. Such voters are likely to vote Democratic again this November. But the scope and breadth of the party switching suggests something much bigger at play. Over the last year, nearly every state — even those without high-profile Republican primaries — moved in the same direction as voters by the thousand became Republicans. Only Virginia, which held off-year elections in 2021, saw Democrats notably trending up over the last year. But even there, Democrats were wiped out in last fall’s statewide elections. READ MORE: Biden’s poll numbers on the economy rival Trump’s for the first time In Iowa, Democrats used to hold the advantage in party changers by a 2-to-1 margin. That’s flipped over the last year, with Republicans ahead by a similar amount. The same dramatic shift is playing out in Ohio. In Florida, Republicans captured 58 percent of party switchers during those last years of the Trump era. Now, over the last year, they command 70 percent. And in Pennsylvania, the Republicans went from 58 to 63 percent of party changers. The current advantage for Republicans among party changers is playing out with particular ferocity in the nation’s suburbs. The AP found that the Republican advantage was larger in suburban “fringe” counties, based on classifications from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, compared to smaller towns and counties. Republicans boosted their share of party changers in 168 of 235 suburban counties AP examined — 72 percent — over the last year, compared with the last years of the Trump era. These included suburban counties across Georgia, Iowa, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Ohio, Virginia and Washington state. Republicans also gained ground in further-out suburban counties, which the CDC lumps in with medium-size cities and calls “medium metro” — more than 62 percent of such counties, 164 in all, saw Republican growth. They range from the suburban counties north of Denver, like Larimer, to Los Angeles-area ones like Ventura and Santa Barbara in California. The Republican advantage was nearly universal, but it was stronger in some places than others. For example, in Lorain County, Ohio, just outside Cleveland, nearly every party switcher over the last year has gone Republican. That’s even as Democrats captured three-quarters of those changing parties in the same county during end of the Trump era. Some conservative leaders worry that the GOP’s suburban gains will be limited if Republicans don’t do a better job explaining to suburban voters what they stand for — instead of what they stand against. Emily Seidel, who leads the Koch-backed grassroots organization Americans for Prosperity, said her network is seeing first-hand that suburban voters are distancing themselves from Democrats who represent “extreme policy positions.” “But that doesn’t mean that they’re ready to vote against those lawmakers either. Frankly, they’re skeptical of both options that they have,” Seidel said. “The lesson here: Candidates have to make their case, they have to give voters something to be for, not just something to be against.” Back in Larimer County, Colorado, 39-year-old homemaker Jessica Kroells says she can no longer vote for Democrats, despite being a reliable Democratic voter up until 2016. There was not a single “aha moment” that convinced her to switch, but by 2020, she said the Democratic Party had “left me behind.” “The party itself is no longer Democrat, it’s progressive socialism,” she said, specifically condemning Biden’s plan to eliminate billions of dollars in student debt. Peoples reported from New York. Left: An American flag sign is seen on a voting booth at Madison Square Garden, which is used as a polling station on the first day of early voting in Manhattan, New York. Photo by Jeenah Moon/Reuters ## Related * Louisiana, other state judges block laws meant to trigger abortion bans shortly after the Supreme Court decision By Kevin McGill, Amy Forliti, Geoff Mulvihill, Associated Press * Why the GOP has a history of attracting populist views * U.S. population growth drops to lowest rate since nation’s founding in pandemic’s first year By Mike Schneider, Associated Press ## Go Deeper * 2022 elections * democrats * republicans * swing voters By — Steve Peoples, Associated Press Steve Peoples, Associated Press Support Provided By: Learn more ### Educate your inbox Subscribe to Here’s the Deal, our politics newsletter for analysis you won’t find anywhere else. Enter your email address Subscribe Thank you. Please check your inbox to confirm. 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Abolishing the Electoral College would make Los Angeles County stronger than 43 states | 3,325 | What would it realistically take for the US to abolish the Electoral College and start electing presidents by popular vote? : r/PoliticalDiscussion Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/PoliticalDiscussion A chip A close button Get app Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu * Log In / Sign Up * Advertise on Reddit * Shop Collectible Avatars ### Get the Reddit app Scan this QR code to download the app now Or check it out in the app stores Go to PoliticalDiscussion r/PoliticalDiscussion r/PoliticalDiscussion This is a subreddit for substantive and civil discussion on political topics. If you have a political prompt for discussion, ask it here! * * * 2.2M Members 714 Online • 1 yr. ago [deleted] ADMIN MOD # What would it realistically take for the US to abolish the Electoral College and start electing presidents by popular vote? US Elections I don’t mean in terms of what’s literally required (a Constitutional amendment)- I mean in terms of what could create the political will for such a thing. Whatever your opinion may be of the Electoral College, there is currently nowhere near enough political will for its abolition. What could possibly change that and galvanize politicians into changing the system? Read more Top 1% Rank by size Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community ## Top Posts * Reddit reReddit: Top posts of October 1, 2023 * Reddit reReddit: Top posts of October 2023 * Reddit reReddit: Top posts of 2023 * * * TOPICS * Internet Culture (Viral) * Amazing * Animals & Pets * Cringe & Facepalm * Funny * Interesting * Memes * Oddly Satisfying * Reddit Meta * Wholesome & Heartwarming * Games * Action Games * Adventure Games * Esports * Gaming Consoles & Gear * Gaming News & Discussion * Mobile Games * Other Games * Role-Playing Games * Simulation Games * Sports & Racing Games * Strategy Games * Tabletop Games * Q&As * Q&As * Stories & Confessions * Technology * 3D Printing * Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning * Computers & Hardware * Consumer Electronics * DIY Electronics * Programming * Software & Apps * Streaming Services * Tech News & Discussion * Virtual & Augmented Reality * Pop Culture * Celebrities * Creators & Influencers * Generations & Nostalgia * Podcasts * Streamers * Tarot & Astrology * Movies & TV * Action Movies & Series * Animated Movies & Series * Comedy Movies & Series * Crime, Mystery, & Thriller Movies & Series * Documentary Movies & Series * Drama Movies & Series * Fantasy Movies & Series * Horror Movies & Series * Movie News & Discussion * Reality TV * Romance Movies & Series * Sci-Fi Movies & Series * Superhero Movies & Series * TV News & Discussion * RESOURCES * About Reddit * Advertise * Help * Blog * Careers * Press * Communities * Best of Reddit * Topics * Content Policy * Privacy Policy * User Agreement Reddit, Inc. © 2024. All rights reserved. close # Log In By continuing, you agree to our User Agreement and acknowledge that you understand the Privacy Policy. Forgot password? New to Reddit? Sign Up back # Enter the 6-digit code from your authenticator app You’ve set up two-factor authentication for this account. Lost access to your authenticator? Use a backup code back # Enter a 6-digit backup code You’ve set up two-factor authentication for this account. Don’t have access to your backup code? Use a code from an authenticator app close # Sign Up By continuing, you agree to our User Agreement and acknowledge that you understand the Privacy Policy. Already a redditor? Log In back # Create your username and password Reddit is anonymous, so your username is what you’ll go by here. Choose wisely—because once you get a name, you can’t change it. close # Sign Up By continuing, you agree to our User Agreement and acknowledge that you understand the Privacy Policy. Already a redditor? Log In back # Create your username and password Reddit is anonymous, so your username is what you’ll go by here. Choose wisely—because once you get a name, you can’t change it. close back # Reset your password Enter your email address or username and we’ll send you a link to reset your password Need help? close back # Check your inbox An email with a link to reset your password was sent to the email address associated with your account close # Choose a Reddit account to continue back close # Reset your password Resetting your password will log you out on all devices. |
Hormones are the 'true culprit' behind weight gain for women | 3,326 | Hurricane-prone states The day in pictures Get the USA TODAY app Start the day smarter ☀️ U.S. Elections Sports Entertainment Life Money Tech Travel Opinion ONLY AT USA TODAY: Newsletters For Subscribers From the Archives Crossword eNewspaper Magazines Investigations Podcasts Video Humankind Just Curious Best-selling Booklist 24/7 Live Stream Legals OUR PORTFOLIO: 10Best USAT Wine Club Online Sports Betting Online Casino Reviewed Homefront Blueprint Southern Kitchen Best Auto Insurance Best Pet Insurance Best Travel Insurance Best Credit Cards Best CD Rates Best Personal Loans Home Internet FACT CHECK fact-checking Add Topic # Fact check: Experts say diet, exercise – not hormones – are primary drivers of weight gain Valerie Pavilonis USA TODAY ![\\"\\"](\\"/gcdn/-mm-/b2b05a4ab25f4fca0316459e1c7404c537a89702/c=0-0-1365-768/local/-/media/2022/01/23/USATODAY/usatsports/imageforentry5-vmx.jpg?width=660&height=371&fit=crop&format=pjpg&auto=webp\\"/) PlayPause Sound OnSound Off 0:00 1:07 AD SKIP ClosedCaptionOpen ShareEnter Full ScreenExit Full Screen ## The claim: Hormones are the \'true culprit\' behind weight gain for women Myths about health are common online, from how coffee can help you lose weight (it’s complicated) to how protein shakes are necessary to build muscle (they’re not). A Feb. 4 Facebook post adds to the noise, promoting via video the idea that hormones are the primary driver of weight gain in women. “Most women are told to exercise to get rid of weight,” the post reads. “This is often bad advice. Exercise plays only a tiny percentage of our daily calorie burn. Hormones are the true culprits behind weight gain.\" The post claims \"most women constantly fight against their Hormones,\" causing their \"metabolism come to a standstill.” The video has been viewed more than 600,000 times in two months. Follow us on Facebook! Like our page to get updates throughout the day on our latest debunks But the post’s core claim – that hormones are the “true culprits” behind weight gain – isn’t true. Multiple factors can contribute to weight gain, and while there is an ongoing debate about the role that hormones play, experts agree lifestyle is the key factor. USA TODAY reached out to the Facebook user who shared the claim for comment. ## Diet, exercise primary contributors to weight Calling hormones the “true culprit” behind women’s weight gain isn’t correct, according to Susan Davis, a professor of Chronic Disease & Aging at Monash University in Australia. If they were, Davis said, “everyone would be fat.” Instead, she said diet is the primary culprit. According to the National Institutes of Health, people gain weight when they take in more calories than they burn, and this imbalance is “the greatest contributor to weight gain.” Davis added that diet is a crucial part of weight loss, as exercise alone doesn’t always burn calories at the rate some might expect. “Twenty minutes of exercise is a glass of orange juice and three hours of exercise is a Big Mac,” Davis said. “And most people who eat a Big Mac don\'t go out and do three hours of sustained exercise to follow that.” That isn’t to say exercise is ineffective. According to the Department of Health and Human Services, physical activity is “one of the most important things” a person can do to improve their health. Regular physical activity is also associated with reduced weight gain and weight loss – especially “when combined with reduced calorie intake.\" Fact check roundup:What\'s true and what\'s false about the Russian invasion of Ukraine Davis recommends those who try to lose weight do so slowly. For example, she said someone can think of one thing they eat on most days, and then cut that out of their diet. ## Hormones incidental in weight gain According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, hormones can control everything from metabolism and energy levels to growth and development. Hormones play a role in weight, experts told USA TODAY – but they are not the primary driver of weight gain, as the post claims. Dr. Artur Viana, clinical director of the Metabolic Health & Weight Loss Program at Yale University, said that while hormones are involved in obesity, they are not the sole cause. Robert Lustig, professor emeritus of pediatrics at the University of California-San Francisco, told USA TODAY there’s an ongoing debate in the nutrition field over the extent to which hormones contribute to obesity. “Is obesity a problem of energy balance, or is obesity a problem of energy storage?” he said. “If it’s a problem of energy balance, it’s all about calories. If it’s about energy storage, then the question is: What’s storing it? And the answer is one of two hormones: insulin and cortisol.” For example, when blood sugar rises, the hormone insulin goes up, allowing sugar to exit the blood and enter cells where it is needed. But when cells receive more sugar than they need, fat begins to accumulate. However, insulin itself doesn\'t cause weight gain. Lustig\'s recommendation for people looking to lose weight is simple: Stop eating sugar. “That’s numbers one, two and three,” he said. “Get rid of the sugar, get rid of the sugar, get rid of the sugar.” ## Hormones and women’s weight Since hormones regularly fluctuate in women – and since those fluctuations can cause a variety of symptoms – Davis said that hormones are often implicated when other health problems arise, sometimes without justification. Some hormone-related disorders can cause weight changes. Hyperthyroidism, for example, occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine, according to the Mayo Clinic. That can result in weight loss or gain. But that doesn\'t establish hormones as a driving factor for all weight gain. Fact check:False claim that Chris Rock apologized to Will Smith after Oscars slap Pregnant women also gain weight in part due to the release of hormones that encourage fat deposits, Davis said. But she said pregnancy is not a woman’s general state, and therefore the “rich hormonal milieu” of pregnancy can’t be implicated in all weight gain, either. ## Our rating: False Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim that hormones are the “true culprits” behind weight gain in women. While certain conditions involving hormones can affect a woman’s weight, those conditions aren\'t responsible for weight gain in all women. And though there is an ongoing debate over the role hormones play in obesity, experts agree that lifestyle, especially diet, is the main factor affecting weight. ## Our fact-check sources: * USA TODAY, July 16, 2021, Does coffee help you lose weight? Stunt your growth? Here\'s the truth behind coffee myths * USA TODAY, July 16, 2019, Crunches will give you abs and other fitness myths you need to stop buying into * Dr. Susan Davis, Feb. 23, Zoom interview with USA TODAY * National Institutes of Health, accessed Feb. 28, What causes obesity & overweight? * Healthline, Jan. 18, 10 Leading Causes of Weight Gain and Obesity * U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, accessed March 2, Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd Edition * Dr. Robert Lustig, March 7, Phone interview with USA TODAY * Missouri Medicine, November/December 2020, Obesity and the Western Diet: How We Got Here * Mayo Clinic, accessed March 9, Insulin and weight gain: Keep the pounds off * Healthline, June 3, 2017, How Artificial Sweeteners Affect Blood Sugar and Insulin * Dr. Artur Viana, March 7, Phone interview with USA TODAY * The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed Feb. 28, Hormone Disorders * Johns Hopkins Medicine, accessed Feb. 28, Hormones and the Endocrine System * Mayo Clinic, accessed Feb. 28, Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) * Mayo Clinic, accessed Feb. 28, Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) * American Thyroid Association, accessed Feb. 28, General Information/Press Room * United States Census Bureau, accessed Feb. 28, U.S. and World Population Clock * Healthline, Feb. 11, 2021, Metabolic Renewal Review: Pros, Cons, and Effectiveness * The Washington Post, Aug. 5, 2019, What are ‘hormone diets’ — and can they really help you lose weight quickly? Thank you for supporting our journalism. You can subscribe to our print edition, ad-free app or electronic newspaper replica here. Our fact-check work is supported in part by a grant from Facebook. 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Hormones are the 'true culprit' behind weight gain for women | 3,326 | ![\\"Logo](\\" * Home * Conditions Back ### Conditions ![\\"\\"](\\"//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e814695f1/client/img/arrow- right.cddcbeb3.svg\\"/) View All * ADD/ADHD * Allergies * Arthritis * Atrial fibrillation * Breast Cancer * Cancer * Crohn\'s Disease * Depression * Diabetes * DVT * Eczema * Eye Health * Heart Disease * HIV & AIDS * Lung Disease * Lupus * Mental Health * Multiple Sclerosis * Migraine * Pain Management * Psoriasis * Psoriatic Arthritis * Rheumatoid Arthritis * Sexual Conditions * Skin Problems * Sleep Disorders * Ulcerative Colitis * ![\\"\\"](\\"//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e814695f1/client/img/arrow-right.cddcbeb3.svg\\"/) View All * Drugs & Supplements Back ### Drugs & Supplements * Drugs * Supplements * Pill Identifier * Interaction Checker * Well-Being Back ### Well-Being * Aging Well * Baby * Birth Control * Children\'s Health * Diet & Weight Management * Fitness & Exercise * Food & Recipes * Health & Balance * Healthy Beauty * Men\'s Health * Parenting * Pet Health * Pregnancy * Sex & Relationships * Teen Health * Women\'s Health * Symptom Checker * Find a Doctor * More Back ### More * News * Blogs * Podcasts * Webinars * Newsletters * WebMD Magazine * Best Hospitals * Support Groups * Privacy & More Subscribe Log In Search Subscribe * Women\'s Health/ * Slideshows/ ![](\\"//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e814695f1/client/img/library_books.2bf509db.svg\\"/)Women\'s Health Guide __ * Screening& Tests * Diet & Exercise * Rest & Relaxation * Reproductive Health __ * Menstruation * Yeast Infections * Cervical Health * Ovarian Health * Pelvic Pain and Disease * Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) * Sexual Health * Uterine Health * Vaginal and Vulvar Health * Head to Toe __ * Thyroid Health * Breast Health * Bladder and Urinary Health * Other Conditions * View Full Guide # Slideshow: Thyroid Symptoms and Solutions ![](\\" quality=75\\"/)Medically Reviewed by Michael Dansinger, MD on January 28, 2023 ![\\"When](\\" quality=75\\") **1** /23 ## When Your Thyroid Goes Awry Does fatigue drag you down day after day? Do you have brain fog, weight gain, chills, or hair loss? Or is the opposite true for you: Are you often revved up, sweaty, or anxious? Your thyroid gland could be to blame. This great regulator of body and mind sometimes goes haywire, particularly in women. Getting the right treatment is critical to feel your best and avoid serious health problems. ![\\"What](\\" quality=100\\") **2** /23 ## What Is the Thyroid Gland? The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. It produces hormones that control the speed of your metabolism \-- the system that helps the body use energy. Thyroid disorders can slow down or rev up metabolism by disrupting the production of thyroid hormones. When hormone levels become too low or too high, you may experience a wide range of symptoms. ![\\"Symptom:](\\" quality=100\\") **3** /23 ## Symptom: Weight Gain or Loss An unexplained change in weight is one of the most common signs of a thyroid disorder. Weight gain may signal low levels of thyroid hormones, a condition called hypothyroidism. In contrast, if the thyroid produces more hormones than the body needs, you may lose weight unexpectedly. This is known as hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is far more common. ![\\"Symptom:](\\" quality=100\\") **4** /23 ## Symptom: Swelling in the Neck A swelling or enlargement in the neck is a visible clue that something may be wrong with the thyroid. A goiter may occur with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Sometimes swelling in the neck can result from thyroid cancer or nodules, lumps that grow inside the thyroid. It can also be due to a cause unrelated to the thyroid. ![\\"Symptom:](\\" quality=100\\") **5** /23 ## Symptom: Changes in Heart Rate Thyroid hormones affect nearly every organ in the body and can influence how quickly the heart beats. People with hypothyroidism may notice their heart rate is slower than usual. Hyperthyroidism may cause the heart to speed up. It can also trigger increased blood pressure and the sensation of a pounding heart, or other types of heart palpitations. ![\\"Symptom:](\\" quality=100\\") **6** /23 ## Symptom: Changes in Energy or Mood Thyroid disorders can have a noticeable impact on your energy level and mood. Hypothyroidism tends to make people feel tired, sluggish, and depressed. Hyperthyroidism can cause anxiety, problems sleeping, restlessness, and irritability. ![\\"Symptom:](\\" quality=100\\") **7** /23 ## Symptom: Hair Loss Hair loss is another sign that thyroid hormones may be out of balance. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause hair to fall out. In most cases, the hair will grow back once the thyroid disorder is treated. ![\\"Symptom:](\\" quality=100\\") **8** /23 ## Symptom: Feeling Too Cold or Hot Thyroid disorders can disrupt the ability to regulate body temperature. People with hypothyroidism may feel cold more often than usual. Hyperthyroidism tends to have the opposite effect, causing excessive sweating and an aversion to heat. ![\\"Other](\\" quality=100\\") **9** /23 ## Other Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism can cause many other symptoms, including: * Dry skin and brittle nails * Numbness or tingling in the hands * Constipation * Abnormal menstrual periods ![\\"Other](\\" quality=100\\") **10** /23 ## Other Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism can also cause additional symptoms, such as: * Muscle weakness or trembling hands * Vision problems * Diarrhea * Irregular menstrual periods ![\\"Thyroid](\\" quality=100\\") **11** /23 ## Thyroid Disorder or Menopause? Because thyroid disorders can cause changes in menstrual cycle and mood, the symptoms are sometimes mistaken for menopause. If a thyroid problem is suspected, a simple blood test can determine whether the true culprit is menopause or a thyroid disorder -- or a combination of the two. ![\\"Who](\\" quality=100\\") **12** /23 ## Who Should Be Tested? If you think you have symptoms of a thyroid problem, ask your doctor if you should be tested. People with symptoms or risk factors may need tests more often. Hypothyroidism more frequently affects women over age 60. Hyperthyroidism is also more common in women. A family history raises your risk of either disorder. ![\\"Thyroid](\\" quality=100\\") **13** /23 ## Thyroid Neck Check A careful look in the mirror may help you spot an enlarged thyroid that needs a doctor\'s attention. Tip your head back, take a drink of water, and as you swallow, examine your neck below the Adam\'s apple and above the collarbone. Look for bulges or protrusions, then repeat the process a few times. See a doctor promptly if you see a bulge or lump. ![\\"Diagnosing](\\" quality=100\\") **14** /23 ## Diagnosing Thyroid Disorders If your doctor suspects a thyroid disorder, a blood test can help provide an answer. This test measures the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a kind of master hormone that regulates the work of the thyroid gland. Along with TSH measurements , thyroid hormone levels are also analyzed. If TSH is high, it typically means that your thyroid function is too low (hypothyroid). If TSH is low, then it generally means the thyroid is overactive (hyperthyroid.) Your doctor may also check levels of other thyroid hormones in your blood. In some cases, imaging studies are used and biopsies are taken to evaluate a thyroid abnormality. ![\\"Hashimoto\\'s](\\" quality=100\\") **15** /23 ## Hashimoto\'s Disease The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto\'s disease. This is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks the thyroid gland. The result is damage to the thyroid, preventing it from producing enough hormones. Hashimoto\'s disease tends to run in families. ![\\"Other](\\" quality=100\\") **16** /23 ## Other Causes of Hypothyroidism In some cases, hypothyroidism results from a problem with the pituitary gland, which is at the base of the brain. This gland produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which tells the thyroid to do its job. If your pituitary gland does not produce enough TSH, levels of thyroid hormones will fall. Other causes of hypothyroidism include temporary inflammation of the thyroid or medications that affect thyroid function. ![\\"Graves\\'](\\" quality=100\\") **17** /23 ## Graves\' Disease The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves\' disease. This is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the thyroid gland and triggers the release of high levels of thyroid hormones. One of the hallmarks of Graves\' disease is a visible and uncomfortable swelling behind the eyes, which can trigger thyroid eye disease. ![\\"Other](\\" quality=100\\") **18** /23 ## Other Causes of Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism can also result from thyroid nodules. These are lumps that develop inside the thyroid and sometimes begin producing thyroid hormones. Large lumps may create a noticeable goiter. Smaller lumps can be detected with ultrasound. A thyroid uptake and scan can tell if the lump is producing too much thyroid hormone. ![\\"Thyroid](\\" quality=100\\") **19** /23 ## Thyroid Disorder Complications When left untreated, hypothyroidism can raise cholesterol levels and make you more likely to have a stroke or heart attack. In severe cases, very low levels of thyroid hormones can trigger a loss of consciousness and life-threatening drop in body temperature. Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause serious heart problems and brittle bones. ![\\"Treating](\\" quality=100\\") **20** /23 ## Treating Hypothyroidism If you are diagnosed with hypothyroidism, your doctor will most likely prescribe thyroid hormones in the form of a pill. This usually leads to noticeable improvements within a couple of weeks. Long-term treatment can result in more energy, lower cholesterol levels, and gradual weight loss. Most people with hypothyroidism will need to take thyroid hormones for the rest of their lives. ![\\"Treating](\\" quality=100\\") **21** /23 ## Treating Hyperthyroidism The most common option in treating adults is radioactive iodine, which destroys the thyroid gland over the course of 6 to 18 weeks. Once the gland is destroyed, or removed by surgery, most patients must begin taking thyroid hormones in pill form. Another common treatment for hyperthyroidism is antithyroid medication, which aims to lower the amount of hormones produced by the thyroid. The condition may eventually go away, but many people need to remain on medication for the long term. Other drugs may be given to reduce symptoms such as rapid pulse and tremors. ![\\"Surgery](\\" quality=100\\") **22** /23 ## Surgery for Thyroid Disorders Removing the thyroid gland can cure hyperthyroidism, but the procedure is only recommended if antithyroid drugs don\'t work, or if there is a large goiter. Surgery may also be recommended for patients with thyroid nodules. Once the thyroid is removed, most patients require daily supplements of thyroid hormones to avoid developing hypothyroidism. ![\\"What](\\" quality=100\\") **23** /23 ## What About Thyroid Cancer? Thyroid cancer is uncommon and is among the least deadly. The main symptom is a lump or swelling in the neck, and only about 5% of thyroid nodules turn out to be cancerous. When thyroid cancer is diagnosed, it is most often treated with surgery followed by radioactive iodine therapy or, in some cases, external radiation therapy. Sources Update History Share Print Save Save article IMAGES PROVIDED BY: 1) Frederic Cirou/PhotoAlto2) 3D4Medical.com, David Mack/Photo Researchers Inc3) MIXA RF4) Dr. P Marazzi/Photo Researchers Inc5) Image1006) Alain Daussin/Photographer\'s Choice7) Marc Gilsdorf/Mauritius8) Fuse9) I Love Images10) Stock 4B11) Radius Images12) Klaus Rose/Das Fotoarchiv13) Steve Pomberg/WebMD14) MedicImage Limited RF15) Anatomical Travelogue/Photo Researchers Inc16) Jim Dowdalls/Photo Researchers Inc17) Dr. P Marazzi/Photo Researchers Inc18) Dr. A. Leger/ISM Phototake19) Tom Grill/Photographer\'s Choice20) Purestock21) David M. Grossman/Phototake22) Pixtal Images23) Charing Cross Hospital/Photo Researchers Inc REFERENCES: American Academy of Family Physicians.American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists web site.American Cancer Society web site.American Thyroid Association web site.National Cancer Institute web site.National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service.National Institutes of Health web site.The Hormone Foundation web site. 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Hormones are the 'true culprit' behind weight gain for women | 3,326 | Menu Close MenuInformation For: * Prospective Students * Current Students * Alumni * Faculty & Staff * Friends & Supporters Search for: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health * Email * People * Departments * Calendar * Careers * my.harvard * Giving * About * Faculty & Research * Admissions & Aid * Academics * Executive/Continuing Ed * News News > News > In the News > 2022 > Scientists debunk claims of seed oil health > risks News Menu Search for: * News Home * Press Releasesexpand child menu * 2023 Releases * 2022 Releases * 2021 Releases * 2020 Releases * 2019 Releases * 2018 Releases * 2017 Releases * 2016 Releases * 2015 Releases * 2014 Releases * 2013 Releases * 2012 Releases * 2011 Releases * Search the press releases archive * Features * In the News * Multimediaexpand child menu * 2022 Multimedia * 2021 Multimedia * 2020 Multimedia * 2019 Multimedia * 2018 Multimedia * 2017 Multimedia * 2016 Multimedia * 2015 Multimedia * 2014 Multimedia * 2013 Multimedia * 2012 Multimedia * HPH Magazine * Faculty Storiesexpand child menu * Faculty News – Summer 2024 * Faculty News – Winter 2024 * Student Storiesexpand child menu * Student News, Notes, and Accolades * Alumni Storiesexpand child menu * Alumni News – Summer 2024 * Alumni News – Winter 2024 * Explore Research by Topic * Office of Communications * Make a Gift # Scientists debunk claims of seed oil health risks June 22, 2022—While the internet may be full of posts stating that seed oils such as canola and soy are “toxic,” scientific evidence does not support these claims, according to experts. Guy Crosby, adjunct associate of nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, was among those quoted in a May 31, 2022 Consumer Reports article who pushed back on the idea that these oils cause health ills ranging from headaches to heart disease. While it’s true that many foods that use seed oils—such as packaged snacks and french fries—are unhealthy, they also tend to be high in refined carbohydrates, sodium, and sugar. “Sure, if you cut back on these foods, chances are you’re going to feel better,” Crosby said. But these other components, not the seed oils themselves, are the culprit behind weight gain and other negative health outcomes. Repeatedly heating unsaturated fats to high temperatures, such as in restaurant deep-fryers where oil is infrequently changed, is a health concern, Crosby said. However, he added, “Cooking with seed oils at home isn’t an issue.” In addition, experts said that there is no reason to cut back on whole foods that contain omega-6—the type of polyunsaturated fat dominant in seed oils—such as nuts and seeds. Evidence suggests that a diet high in these foods can help lower cholesterol and blood sugar and reduce heart disease risk. Read the Consumer Reports article: Do Seed Oils Make You Sick? Share this:FacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit ## Newsletters Get the latest Harvard Chan School news delivered to your inbox. 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Subscribe #### Nutrition * Meal Kits * Overview * Diets * Meal Kits * Prepared Meals * Comparisons * Grocery Delivery * Special Diets * Healthy Eating * Food Freedom * Conditions * Feel Good Food * Products * Vitamins & Supplements * Sustainability * Weight Management #### Nutrition Evidence Based # 10 Leading Causes of Weight Gain and Obesity ![\\"\\"](\\"//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Kris- Gunnars-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105\\"/) Written by Kris Gunnars, BSc — Updated on January 18, 2022 Obesity is one of the biggest health problems in the world. It’s associated with several related conditions, collectively known as metabolic syndrome. These include high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar and a poor blood lipid profile. People with metabolic syndrome are at a much higher risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes, compared to those whose weight is in a normal range. Over the past decades, much research has focused on the causes of obesity and how it could be prevented or treated. ## Obesity and Willpower ![](\\"//i0.wp.com/images- prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/AN_images/causes-of-weight- gain-1296x728-feature.jpg?w=1155&h=1528\\"/)Share on Pinterest Many people seem to think that weight gain and obesity are caused by a lack of willpower. That’s not entirely true. Although weight gain is largely a result of eating behavior and lifestyle, some people are at a disadvantage when it comes to controlling their eating habits. The thing is, overeating is driven by various biological factors like genetics and hormones. Certain people are simply predisposed to gaining weight (1). Of course, people can overcome their genetic disadvantages by changing their lifestyle and behavior. Lifestyle changes require willpower, dedication and perseverance. Nevertheless, claims that behavior is purely a function of willpower is far too simplistic. They don’t take into account all the other factors that ultimately determine what people do and when they do it. Here are 10 factors that are leading causes of weight gain, obesity and metabolic disease, many of which have nothing to do with willpower. ## 1\. Genetics Obesity has a strong genetic component. Children of parents with obesity are much more likely to have obesity than children of lean parents. That doesn’t mean that obesity is completely predetermined. What you eat can have a major effect on which genes are expressed and which are not. Non-industrialized societies rapidly develop obesity when they start eating a typical Western diet. Their genes didn’t change, but the environment and the signals they sent to their genes did. Put simply, genetic components do affect your susceptibility to gaining weight. Studies on identical twins demonstrate this very well (2). > Summary Some people appear to be genetically susceptible to weight gain and > obesity. ## 2\. Engineered Junk Foods Heavily processed foods are often little more than refined ingredients mixed with additives. These products are designed to be cheap, last long on the shelf and taste so incredibly good that they are hard to resist. By making foods as tasty as possible, food manufacturers are trying to increase sales. But they also promote overeating. Most processed foods today don’t resemble whole foods at all. These are highly engineered products, designed to get people hooked. > Summary Stores are filled with processed foods that are hard to resist. > These products also promote overeating. ## 3\. Food Addiction Many sugar-sweetened, high-fat junk foods stimulate the reward centers in your brain (3, 4). In fact, these foods are often compared to commonly abused drugs like alcohol, cocaine, nicotine and cannabis. Junk foods can cause addiction in susceptible individuals. These people lose control over their eating behavior, similar to people struggling with alcohol addiction losing control over their drinking behavior. Addiction is a complex issue that can be very difficult to overcome. When you become addicted to something, you lose your freedom of choice and the biochemistry in your brain starts calling the shots for you. > Summary Some people experience strong food cravings or addiction. This > especially applies to sugar-sweetened, high-fat junk foods which stimulate > the reward centers in the brain. ## 4\. Aggressive Marketing Junk food producers are very aggressive marketers. Their tactics can get unethical at times and they sometimes try to market very unhealthy products as healthy foods. These companies also make misleading claims. What’s worse, they target their marketing specifically towards children. In today’s world, children are developing obesity and becoming diabetic and addicted to junk foods long before they’re old enough to make informed decisions about these things. > Summary Food producers spend a lot of money marketing junk food, sometimes > specifically targeting children, who don’t have the knowledge and experience > to realize they are being misled. ## 5\. Insulin Insulin is a very important hormone that regulates energy storage, among other things. One of its functions is to tell fat cells to store fat and to hold on to the fat they already carry. The Western diet promotes insulin resistance in many overweight and individuals with obesity. This elevates insulin levels all over the body, causing energy to get stored in fat cells instead of being available for use (5). While insulin’s role in obesity is controversial, several studies suggest that high insulin levels have a causal role in the development of obesity (6). One of the best ways to lower your insulin is to cut back on simple or refined carbohydrates while increasing fiber intake (7). This usually leads to an automatic reduction in calorie intake and effortless weight loss — no calorie counting or portion control needed (8, 9). > Summary High insulin levels and insulin resistance are linked to the > development of obesity. To lower insulin levels, reduce your intake of > refined carbs and eat more fiber. ## 6\. Certain Medications Many pharmaceutical drugs can cause weight gain as a side effect (10). For example, antidepressants have been linked to modest weight gain over time (11). Other examples include diabetes medication and antipsychotics (12, 13). These drugs don’t decrease your willpower. They alter the function of your body and brain, reducing metabolic rate or increasing appetite (14, 15). > Summary Some medications may promote weight gain by reducing the number of > calories burned or increasing appetite. ## 7\. Leptin Resistance Leptin is another hormone that plays an important role in obesity. It is produced by fat cells and its blood levels increase with higher fat mass. For this reason, leptin levels are especially high in people with obesity. In healthy people, high leptin levels are linked to reduced appetite. When working properly, it should tell your brain how high your fat stores are. The problem is that leptin isn’t working as it should in many people who have obesity, because for some reason it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (16). This condition is called leptin resistance and is believed to be a leading factor in the pathogenesis of obesity. > Summary Leptin, an appetite-reducing hormone, doesn’t work in many > individuals who have obesity. ## 8\. Food Availability Another factor that dramatically influences people’s waistline is food availability, which has increased massively in the past few centuries. Food, especially junk food, is everywhere now. Shops display tempting foods where they are most likely to gain your attention. Another problem is that junk food is often cheaper than healthy, whole foods, especially in America. Some people, especially in poorer neighborhoods, don’t even have the option of purchasing real foods, like fresh fruit and vegetables. Convenience stores in these areas only sell sodas, candy and processed, packaged junk foods. How can it be a matter of choice if there is none? > Summary In some areas, finding fresh, whole foods may be difficult or > expensive, leaving people no choice but to buy unhealthy junk foods. ## 9\. Sugar Added sugar may be the single worst aspect of the modern diet. That’s because sugar changes the hormones and biochemistry of your body when consumed in excess. This, in turn, contributes to weight gain. Added sugar is half glucose, half fructose. People get glucose from a variety of foods, including starches, but the majority of fructose comes from added sugar. Excess fructose intake may cause insulin resistance and elevated insulin levels. It also doesn’t promote satiety in the same way glucose does (17, 18, 19). For all these reasons, sugar contributes to increased energy storage and, ultimately, obesity. > Summary Scientists believe that excessive sugar intake may be one of the > main causes of obesity. ## 10\. Misinformation People all over the world are being misinformed about health and nutrition. There are many reasons for this, but the problem largely depends on where people get their information from. Many websites, for example, spread inaccurate or even incorrect information about health and nutrition. Some news outlets also oversimplify or misinterpret the results of scientific studies and the results are frequently taken out of context. Other information may simply be outdated or based on theories that have never been fully proven. Food companies also play a role. Some promote products, such as weight loss supplements, that do not work. Weight loss strategies based on false information can hold back your progress. It’s important to choose your sources well. > Summary Misinformation may contribute to weight gain in some people. It can > also make weight loss more difficult. ## The Bottom Line If you have concerns about your waistline, you should not use this article as an excuse to give up. While you can’t fully control the way your body works, you can learn how to control your eating habits and change your lifestyle. Unless there is some medical condition getting in your way, it is within your power to control your weight. It often takes hard work and a drastic lifestyle change, but many people do succeed in the long run despite having the odds stacked against them. The point of this article is to open people’s minds to the fact that something other than individual responsibility plays a role in the obesity epidemic. The fact is that modern eating habits and food culture must be changed to be able to reverse this problem on a global scale. The idea that it is all caused by a lack of willpower is exactly what food producers want you to believe, so they can continue their marketing in peace. ### How we reviewed this article: History Share this article ![\\"\\"](\\"//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Kris- Gunnars-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105\\"/) Written by Kris Gunnars, BSc — Updated on January 18, 2022 ## Was this article helpful? YesNo ### Read this next * 9 Reasons Why Obesity is Not Just a Choice ![\\"\\"](\\"//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/09/adda.png?w=73&h=73\\"/) Written by Adda Bjarnadottir, MS, RDN (Ice) Even though poor diet and inactivity can lead to obesity, it\'s not always that simple. Here are 9 reasons why obesity is not just an individual choice. READ MORE * Top 23 Weight Loss Tips for Women ![\\"\\"](\\"//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp- content/uploads/2021/11/Racheal-Link-500x500-Bio.png?w=73&h=73\\"/) Written by Rachael Ajmera, MS, RD Diet and exercise may be key components of weight loss for women, but many other factors play a role. Here are the top 23 weight loss tips for women. READ MORE * 20 Sustainable Ways to Lose Weight in Your 30s ![\\"\\"](\\"//i0.wp.com/post.healthline.com/wp- content/uploads/2021/05/IMG_9640-1.jpg?w=73&h=73\\"/) Written by Jillian Kubala, MS, RD Your health should be a main priority throughout your life, but most weight loss methods are ineffective and unsustainable. This article covers 20… READ MORE * What Are the Hormonal Causes of Childhood Obesity? Medically reviewed by Kelly Wood, MD There are many hormonal causes of childhood obesity. It\'s important to get an accurate diagnosis, so you can get effective treatment. READ MORE * What’s the Link Between Down Syndrome and Obesity? Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH People with Down syndrome are at risk of having obesity, but there are things, like exercising and learning healthy eating habits, that help reduce… READ MORE * Life Expectancy for People with Class 3 Obesity Medically reviewed by Danielle Hildreth, RN, CPT When untreated, class 3 (severe) obesity may shorten your life span by up to 14 years. Learn about potential complications and treatment options. READ MORE * What’s the Connection Between Celiac Disease and Obesity? You can have obesity and receive a diagnosis of celiac disease. If you have a moderate weight at diagnosis, it’s still possible to gain weight on a… READ MORE * 1 Billion People Have Obesity Worldwide, What Researchers Say is the Cause New research finds that over 1 billion people are estimated to have obesity and the number of people who are underweight has decreased. READ MORE * Is Obesity Genetic or Environmental? Medically reviewed by Danielle Hildreth, RN, CPT Both genetics and environmental factors play a role in obesity, but research suggests one is more impactful than the other. READ MORE * Understanding the Relationship Between ADHD and Obesity Medically reviewed by Nicole Washington, DO, MPH Research suggests a link between ADHD and obesity. People with ADHD are more likely to have a higher BMI. Here\'s why. READ MORE * About Us * Contact Us * Privacy Policy * Privacy Settings * Advertising Policy * Health Topics * Sitemap * Medical Affairs * Content Integrity * Newsletters * © 2024 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. See additional information. © 2024 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Healthline Media is an RVO Health Company. 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Hormones are the 'true culprit' behind weight gain for women | 3,326 | __ Facebook __ Instagram __ Linkedin __ Twitter __ Youtube * Questions * Fact Check * Health Stories * Interviews * Diet & Nutrition * Videos * Languages * English * Hindi * Bengali * Punjabi * Gujarati * Nepali Search ![\\"THIP](\\" content/uploads/2023/02/23175348/THIP-LOGO.png\\")THE HEALTHYINDIAN PROJECT ![\\"THIP](\\" content/uploads/2023/02/23175348/THIP-LOGO.png\\")THE HEALTHYINDIAN PROJECT * Sitemap * Health Conditions * Treatments * Food Items * English * हिन्दी * বাংলা * ਪੰਜਾਬੀ * ગુજરાતી * नेपाली ![\\"THIP](\\" content/uploads/2023/02/23175348/THIP-LOGO.png\\")THE HEALTHYINDIAN PROJECT * Home * Questions * Fact Check * Features * Interviews * Expert Posts * Diet * Videos * News & Insights * Magazine Search for a health topic Search ![\\"THIP](\\" content/uploads/2023/02/23175348/THIP-LOGO.png\\")THE HEALTHYINDIAN PROJECT * Home * Questions * Fact Check * Features * Interviews * Expert Posts * Diet * Videos * News & Insights * Magazine Search Fact CheckHealth Cures Fact Check #### Read this article in: Read this article in: English # Fact-Check: Are hormones the real culprit behind weight gain? Fact Checked By Dr. Shikha Shiromani undefined [shows_reviwer] Published on: April 8, 2022 Last updated on: August 6, 2024 Share Facebook Twitter WhatsApp Linkedin Copy URL ![\\"weight](\\" content/uploads/2022/04/16182021/weight-loss-accessories--1068x712.jpg\\") ### How does one tell if a child is dyslexic? October 6, 2024 ### Can birth control pills increase my blood pressure? October 5, 2024 ### Do all cancers need radiotherapy? October 4, 2024 ### Diet and vitiligo: Can foods reverse this autoimmune disorder? October 3, 2024 ### How do I check myself for a stomach ulcer? October 2, 2024 ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2022/04/16182021/weight-loss-accessories-.jpg\\") Last Updated on August 6, 2024 by Nivedita #### Quick Take A social media post claims that “Exercise only plays a small percentage of our daily calorie burn. Hormones are the real culprit behind weight gain.” We fact-checked and found this claim to be Half-true. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2020/07/16184302/half-true.png\\") #### The Claim A social media post reads, “Most women are told to exercise to lose weight. That is often bad advice. Exercise only plays a small percentage of our daily calorie burn. Hormones are the real culprit behind weight gain.” #### Fact- Check ##### How can one lose weight? Research states that you must be in a calorie deficit to lose weight, meaning your body expends more calories than you consume. This can be achieved by eating and drinking fewer calories and burning more calories through physical activity or combining the two. ##### What role does Diet play in weight loss? According to Harvard Health, ‘How much you eat—and what you eat—play central roles in maintaining a healthy weight or losing weight. Exercise is the other key actor.’ Researchers emphasize that the optimal diet to treat obesity should be safe, efficacious, healthy and nutritionally adequate, culturally acceptable, and economically affordable, and should ensure long-term compliance and maintenance of weight loss. Setting realistic goals for weight loss and pursuing a balanced dietary plan tailored to individual needs, preferences, and medical conditions are some fundamental principles to facilitating weight loss in obese patients and, most importantly, reducing their overall cardiometabolic risk and other obesity-related comorbidities. In one of the posts, it is said that canola oil is not good for health. It causes dementia and weight gain. ##### How can physical activity or exercise make you lose weight? According to research, Physical activity improves one’s ability to attain and maintain a desirable body weight and composition. Similarly, Physical activity promotes appetite regulation through the body’s appetite-regulatory hormones. It also encourages higher energy flux, making it easier to match energy needs with expenditure. There are several ways physical activity can help lose weight, such as Aerobic exercise, walking, jogging, cycling, strength training, etc. ##### How do hormones play a role in losing weight? A few hormones which play a role in losing weight are Insulin, Ghrelin, Estrogen, etc., to name a few. Insulin resistance causes your cells to stop responding to insulin. It results in high blood sugar because the cells can’t easily take up glucose from your blood. Ghrelin is a hormone known to stimulate appetite. People with obesity have low ghrelin levels but are more sensitive to its effects. This sensitivity may lead to overeating. Similarly, individuals with low estrogen levels often experience central obesity, which is an accumulation of weight around the body’s trunk. ##### Are hormones the real culprit behind weight gain? Not exactly. There’s no doubt that hormones play an essential role in losing weight, but they are not the sole factor to consider. Several factors such as diet and exercise play a vital role in weight loss. ![\\"\\"](\\" content/uploads/2021/09/16183628/Dietitian-Ranjani-Raman.jpg\\") Ranjani Raman, Dietitian & Nutrition Therapist further explains this by stating, “No. Weight gain is not always caused just due to hormones. Hormonal imbalance could be one of the causes. Excess calorie consumption and poor food choices, sedentary lifestyle, stress, certain medications, etc., may also contribute to weight gain. Diet and exercise are two key factors. Right nutrition helps nourish the body with the necessary nutrients that can promote the body’s overall functioning. Exercise helps in better nutrient absorption and utilization and can also promote positive muscle health. It also helps in better blood circulation and nutrient availability thereby helping in overall health. Regular exercise can strengthen our body, build stamina, get toned, and can also help in weight loss.” In conclusion, pursuing a balanced diet, prioritizing sleep, and exercising regularly may benefit your overall health and reduce your risk of chronic disease by helping in weight loss. Please note that while certain conditions involving hormones can affect weight, those conditions aren’t responsible for weight gain in everyone. Disclaimer Medical Science is an ever evolving field. We strive to keep this page updated. In case you notice any discrepancy in the content, please inform us at [email protected]. You can further read our Correction Policy here. Nothing in the content, product, or service should be considered or used as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We do not endorse or promote any medical, nursing, or other professional healthcare advice, diagnosis, or treatment against the advice of their family physician. Read our Full Disclaimer Here for further information. ![\\"Dr.](\\" Shikha-Shiromani-Fact-Checker-THIP-Media.jpg\\") Dr. Shikha Shiromani A dental surgeon by education and medical writer by profession, Shikha is responsible for research and fact-check. 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India is the world number one in attracting Greenfield FDI | 3,327 | A service from the Financial Times Menu ![](\\"/assets/common/logo.svg\\"/) Search * Contact us * Newsletter signup * Close * Home * News & Analysis * News * Features * Opinion * Interview * Data trends * Rankings & awards * Videos * Podcast * Partner Content * Editorial Advisory Board * Research locations * Location news and data * fDi Benchmark * Reports & white papers * Promote your location * Ways to promote your location * GIS Planning solutions * Commission a video * Our GIS Planning clients * Generate leads * Find new investors * Find new customers * fDi Markets * Events * Events * Create your own event * New products Products & Services * Products & Services * fDi Markets * fDi Benchmark * fDi Insights * InvestmentFlow * IncentivesFlow * InvestmentMap * fDi Influencers * fDi Intelligence * ZoomProspector * ZoomTour * fDi Strategies * Events and Roundtable * Advertising Opportunities * Training Workshops * Amplify * fDi Institute * Contact Us # Greenfield FDI Performance Index 2019: Serbia storms to top ### fDi Intelligence research reveals which countries receive more than their ‘expected share’ of FDI. ![](\\" storms/2514858-1-eng-GB/serbia-storms.jpg\\"/) * twitter * facebook * linkedin Glenn BarklieAugust 15, 2019![](\\"/assets/common/icon-print.svg\\"/) Serbia tops the Greenfield FDI Performance Index 2019. The south-east European country is ranked number one in the annual study by fDi Intelligence, a Financial Times data division of which fDi Magazine is also a part, which looked at inbound greenfield investment in 2018 relative to the size of each country’s economy. Serbia scores 11.92 in the index, closely followed by Montenegro (11.49) in second place and Cambodia (10.82) in third. Last year’s number one, Mozambique, falls to 12th place after receiving less than half the number of FDI projects in 2018 as it did in 2017. Serbia takes over as the index leader, up one position from the previous year. Advertisement Serbia soars Serbia’s index score has improved by 1.33 index points. Although the country’s GDP growth was high in 2018 (14.8%), it received 107 FDI projects – 26 more than 2017 – growing by almost one-third. Automotive components, food and tobacco, textiles and real estate are Serbia’s leading FDI sectors, and combined they accounted for more than half (54%) of total inbound FDI projects in 2018. Montenegro, which borders Serbia to the south-west and is a new entrant to the 2019 index, ranks second. Although relatively low, the country recorded 11 FDI projects in 2018 – its peak year since fDi Markets began recording FDI data in 2003. Exceeding expectations Of the 105 locations analysed in the 2019 Greenfield FDI Performance Index, 82 have an index score greater than 1, while 23 have a score of less than 1. A score of 1 indicates a country’s share of global inward greenfield FDI matches its relative share of global GDP. A score greater than 1 indicates a larger share than indicated by its GDP and a score of less than 1 indicates a smaller share. Advertisement Serbia, with a score of 11.92, is attracting almost 12 times the amount of greenfield FDI that might be expected given the size of its economy. Each of the top 10 countries ranked in the 2019 index experienced an increase in FDI project numbers in 2018 compared to 2017. The index uses a methodology devised by Unctad for overall FDI, and applies it to only greenfield FDI – excluding M&A, intracompany loans and other forms of crossborder investment. Of the 10 largest economies in the world, five have an index score above 1: the UK (2.55), India (1.54), France (1.26), Canada (1.04) and Germany (1.01). Six of the top 10 had a higher score in 2018 compared to 2017 (including Canada, India and the UK). Regional analysis Africa Fifteen African countries make it into the index, of which only Nigeria and Algeria have a score of less than 1. Despite its slide in the overall index, Mozambique remains the leading African country with an index score of 5.08. Côte d’Ivoire (4.33) and Zimbabwe (3.46) have seen the largest improvements in scores, ranking second and third, respectively. Asia-Pacific Accounting for almost one-quarter of all countries listed in the index, Asia- Pacific has 18 countries with a score greater than 1 (and seven with a score of less than 1). Cambodia is the leading Asian country, and ranks third overall, with a score of 10.82. Uzbekistan (7.12), a new entrant, and Vietnam (6.48) rank second and third, respectively, with Singapore slipping two places to fourth. Only Serbia has a higher score than Vietnam and Singapore out of all the countries that received more than 100 inbound projects in 2018. Emerging Europe Nineteen of the 20 emerging European countries analysed recorded a score greater than 1. Only Russia, which scores 0.95, fell slightly below the proportional benchmark. Serbia (11.92) and Montenegro (11.49) have far exceeded their regional counterparts, including the likes of Lithuania and Bosnia-Herzegovina, which have high index scores. Latin America and the Caribbean Nicaragua remains the region’s index leader despite a drop in score to 5.11 (from 5.43 in 2017). The central American country is now only marginally ahead of Costa Rica (4.97), which ranks second regionally. Jamaica (4.02), a new entrant to the 2018 index, places third. There is a notable gap between the top three index scores and their nearest counterparts, Colombia (2.80), El Salvador (2.38) and Mexico (2.08). Middle East Five of the nine Middle Eastern countries analysed have scores above 1. The United Arab Emirates tops the regional index with a score of 4.07, followed by Oman with 2.88. Bahrain, which topped the index last year, places third with a score of 2.80. The UAE has the fourth largest score of any country globally in receipt of more than 100 inbound projects. North America Canada has scored 1.04 in this year’s index, up from 0.91 in 2017. The US scores 0.44, indicating that it is a much larger global player in respect of GDP relative to FDI. The number of FDI projects into Canada increased in 2018 by more than one-fifth, while the number into the US declined by 3%. Western Europe Malta tops the western European regional index by some margin. The country received a record number of FDI projects (20) in 2018 – double its volume recorded in 2017. Malta’s index score of 7.78 was significantly larger than its regional counterparts. Financial services FDI was the country’s key sector, accounting for almost half (45%) of its total projects. Ireland (3.35) and Finland (2.71) rank second and third, respectively. The UK (2.55), Portugal (2.34) and Spain (2.18) are the next highest scorers in western Europe. Luxembourg (2.13), which was regional leader in 2017, falls to seventh place. ![\\"\\"](\\"/var/storage/images/media/images/performance- index3/2514862-1-eng-GB/Performance-index.jpg\\"/) Methodology Greenfield FDI data used in the index is derived from fDi Markets, and excludes retail investments. The 2019 index has 105 countries, 13 more than the previous index. There are 13 new entrants: Bolivia, Cyprus, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kuwait, Laos, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Paraguay, Uganda, Uzbekistan and Zimbabwe. To be included in the index, a country must have received at least 10 greenfield FDI projects in 2018. The 2017 FDI figures were revised from last year’s index as further project information became available in 2018/19. GDP figures were also revised on more recent data from the IMF (from the second quarter of 2019). ### Find out more about ### Related topics Middle East & AfricaLocationsRankingsAnalysisAmericasEditorialSerbiaAsia- Pacific #### Latest Articles News ### Abu Dhabi’s €14.7bn Covestro offer Powered by News ### World Bank releases updated business climate report Powered by Reforms ### US SWF tipped to follow catalyser model Powered by Investment promotion ### Opinion | IPAs must build investor-ready pipelines Powered by #### FDI Products & Services ### Drive investment to your location Become an industry leader amongst your competitors with our portfolio of services. Discover our services ![](\\"/assets/common/blue-arrow-m.svg\\") ![](\\"/assets/common/blue-arrow-l.svg\\") 1. fDi Markets 2. fDi Benchmark 3. 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