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In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate a simplified sentence that focuses on lexical paraphrasing from the original sentence given in the input.
Example input: a georgian inscription around the drum attests his name.
Example output: there is a georgian inscription around the drum to confirm his name.
Example explanation: The sentences clearly paraphrased correctly and simplified the original sentence which described the Georgian inscription get his name attests which was around the drum.
Q: the buildings in bayeux were virtually untouched during the battle of normandy , the german forces being fully involved in defending caen from the allies.
A: | the buildings in bayeux were almost untouched during the battle of normandy , with the german forces being fully involved in defending caen from the allies. |
Translate to German:
While we are not convinced of the need for a legal framework, nor are we happy about the way in which certain social services have been designated as services of general economic interest, we are pleased that the report strongly supports the values of equality and solidarity, and the principles of accessibility and universal service.
German: | Wir sind weder davon überzeugt, dass ein Rechtsrahmen erforderlich ist, noch sind wir glücklich über die Art und Weise, in der bestimmte Sozialdienstleistungen zu Dienstleistungen von allgemeinem wirtschaftlichem Interesse erklärt werden, aber wir begrüßen es, dass der Bericht die Werte der Gleichheit und der Solidarität sowie die Grundsätze der Zugänglichkeit und des Universaldienstes ausdrücklich unterstützt. |
After his cousin Joe dies , Layne Vassimer and his girlfriend Macy , along with their friends Stephen , Maurice , Iris and Katrina , decide to clean up Joe's house with the intention of selling it . When they see it for the first time , they discover the house completely covered in plates of iron armor . The group also finds crop circles in the nearby cornfield . When Iris , one of their friends , suddenly disappears they realize something is really wrong . During a blackout , the house is attacked by aliens , who had previously killed Joe and abducted Iris . The group figures out the aliens are allergic to iron , Joe had covered the house in it to keep them out . They attempt to fight the aliens off , but the house is eventually blown up with Layne , Macy , and Katrina the only survivors . In the end , they drive off , listening to the radio . They hear a news report stating that the blackout they experienced affects five western states and parts of Canada . They also hear that people everywhere are being attacked by `` strange creatures . ''
Question: "Why did Joe cover the house with iron?"
Response: "To keep out his friends"
Based on the paragraph, is the response to the question is factually correct?
Options are:
[a]. no
[b]. yes | [a]. |
QUESTION: answer this: who plays cheng in the karate kid 2010??
ANS: Zhenwei Wang
QUESTION: answer this: what town is deep creek lake md in??
ANS: Oakland, Maryland
QUESTION: answer this: when did the french join revolution on colonists side??
ANS: 1778
QUESTION: answer this: who was the original singer of the night the lights went out in georgia??
ANS: | Vicki Lawrence |
Detailed Instructions: This task is about translating a given French language sentence to English.
See one example below:
Problem: Vous avez fait quelque chose de tellement bien aujourd'hui ! Pourquoi vous m'évitez ?
Solution: You did such a great thing today, why are you avoiding me?
Explanation: This is a good example because the French sentence has been translated correctly to English.
Problem: Voilà quelques idées sur comment promouvoir le projet "In My World".
Solution: | And these are some of the ideas in terms of where we could possibly put in some promotion for "In My World." |
Premise: Two men are carrying on a conversation on a sidewalk.
Hypothesis: Some people are talking outside.
.Can we conclude that the hypothesis is true if the premise is true? | yes |
Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence in English. Your job is to translate the English sentence into Italian.
Q: Here's the setup.
A: | Questa è la premessa. |
Question: Would you find a tibia beside parsley on a holiday plate?
Answer: The tibia of a goat is eaten during Passover, a Jewish holiday. Parsley is served on a Passover seder plate beside the goat shank.. The answer is: yes.
Karachi was a part of Alexander the Great's success?
Rationale first then the answer.
Karachi is a city in modern day Pakistan. Krokola was an ancient port located in what is now Karachi. Alexander the Great stationed his fleet in Krokola on his way to Babylon. Alexander the Great defeated Darius and conquered Babylon before expanding his empire.. The answer is: yes.
QUESTION: Would it be possible to fit a football field in Alcatraz Island?
Please give rationale first, then the answer.
ANSWER: Alcatraz is 511 meters by 180 meters. A football field is 91 meters by 48 meters.. The answer is: yes.
Question: Does a dentist treat Bluetooth problems?
Answer: A dentist is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. Technological problems are typically handled by IT professionals. Bluetooth is not a physical entity.. The answer is: no.
Can Curiosity (rover) kill a cat?
Rationale first then the answer.
Cats weigh on average between 7 to 10 pounds. Curiosity (rover), a space vehicle that explores Mars, weighs 1,982 pounds. As mass falls, it picks up acceleration and adds to the force of impact.. The answer is: yes.
Question: Should cactus soil always be damp?
Answer: | The amount of water a cactus needs depends on the weather and season. When the weather isn't hot, a cactus needs very little water.. The answer is: no. |
Please answer the following question: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "A healthy, and legal, publishing industry existed throughout Europe, although established publishers and book sellers occasionally ran afoul of the law. The Encyclopédie, for example, condemned not only by the King but also by Clement XII, nevertheless found its way into print with the help of the aforementioned Malesherbes and creative use of French censorship law. But many works were sold without running into any legal trouble at all. Borrowing records from libraries in England, Germany and North America indicate that more than 70 percent of books borrowed were novels. Less than 1 percent of the books were of a religious nature, indicating the general trend of declining religiosity."?
Answer: | What country was omitted from the borrowing records? |
question: Oil prices held above \$49 on Friday as a rebel warlord threatening an offensive in Nigeria #39;s oil-producing delta region said the government had violated the terms of a two-day truce.
Q: Which is the best summary of this article?
I think the answer is
answer: Business
question: With three of the top four contenders for the American League #39;s Most Valuable Player award from his country, Dominican Republic president Leonel Fernandez felt it was safe to host a celebration
Q: Which is the best summary of this article?
I think the answer is
answer: Sports
question: AP - Microsoft Corp. finally debuted its own Web search technology on Thursday, hoping to challenge Google Inc.'s long dominance of the field with results tailored to a user's location and answers from its Encarta encyclopedia.
Q: Which is the best summary of this article?
I think the answer is
answer: | Science/Tech |
Question: Given the following passage "The University of Oklahoma has several institutions of higher learning in the city and metropolitan area, with OU Medicine and the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center campuses located east of downtown in the Oklahoma Health Center district, and the main campus located to the south in the suburb of Norman. The OU Medicine hosting the state's only Level-One trauma center. OU Health Sciences Center is one of the nation's largest independent medical centers, employing more than 12,000 people. OU is one of only four major universities in the nation to operate six medical schools.[clarification needed]", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: The university has just one building in what kind of geographical area?
Answer: | suburb |
Problem: Given the question: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "Hyderabad is also home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Hyderabad has five major medical schools—Osmania Medical College, Gandhi Medical College, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. The Government Nizamia Tibbi College is a college of Unani medicine. Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the Indian Heart Association, a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education."?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
In Hyderabad, there are many organizations that specialize in various fields of Science, which field would be useful for individuals interested in developing medicine?
input question: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin."????
output answer: What is being consumed in an unorthodox manner?
I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one government-run TV channel, Puntland TV and Radio and Somaliland National TV, respectively."?
----
Answer: The place from where Eastern Television Network is aired is considered to be what in regards to Puntland?
Q: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Russia was interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton and in the 1870s attempted to switch cultivation in the region from grain to cotton (a strategy later copied and expanded by the Soviets).[citation needed] By 1885 Tajikistan's territory was either ruled by the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara, nevertheless Tajiks felt little Russian influence.[citation needed]"?
A: Who ruled over Russian Turkestan after the invasion and control?
Question: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister"."?
Answer: Which Charles was in control with Queen Anne?
Please answer this: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms' or 'breakpoints', will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals. According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible.""?
++++++++
Answer: | What is the name for the leading national public health institute of the US, located in Atlanta? |
I don't reckon the sun's ever come up quite the same since the day it happened. I've been watching it for years now and to me it still don't look right somehow. Maybe it's just me thinking it, sending myself doolally after what I've done. But I swear every morning it creeps up and it's looking at me, all knowing like. And when you reckon the sun's acting like that over you there isn't a right lot you can do about it, beyond burying yourself away like a mole in the soil. That's what I've been doing more or less in the score or so years that have gone by since. But however tight I shut them curtains to stop that damn sun lighting me up, it still don't stop the inside of my head from pounding out the truth. No way it's ever going to stop harassing me neither, not unless the deaf and dumb lass was to happen right back on my doorstep and give me the chance to tell her that it wasn't never meant to work out this way. The deaf and dumb lass went by the name of Mitzi Barker. Her being deaf and dumb, she was the kind of lass you went up the lane with if you didn't want no-one shouting their gob off about it after. Funny but it's the small things I recall best about her, like the way her hair reeked of bonfires and how that little old checkered dress of hers rode right up her thigh with no help from me. After we'd finished our business we'd head over the trout farm and I'd hunker down and poach us up a couple of rainbows for our tea. That Mitzi Barker, she was thin as an ear of barley and I always figured a good nosh-up was the least I could do for her troubles. According to the above context, choose the correct option to answer the following question. Question: why was he always making her trout? Options: A. not enough information B. because they were hungry C. because he likes to cook D. because Mitzi was really thin
A: | D |
In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
Example: passage: Franchising is a way for small business owners to benefit from the economies of scale of the big corporation (franchiser). McDonald's and Subway are examples of a franchise. The small business owner can leverage a strong brand name and purchasing power of the larger company while keeping their own investment affordable. However, some franchisees conclude that they suffer the "worst of both worlds" feeling they are too restricted by corporate mandates and lack true independence. It is an assumption that small business are just franchisees, but the truth is many franchisers are also small businesses, Although considered to be a successful way of doing business, literature has proved that there is a high failure rate in franchising as well, especially in UK, where research indicates that out of 1658 franchising companies operating in 1984, only 601 remained in 1998, a mere 36%.
question: can a franchise be considered a small business?
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: Based on the passage, a franchise can be considered a small business.
Problem: passage: Morgan is shown over the series being flirtatious towards the team's technical analyst Penelope Garcia (Kirsten Vangsness). However, the relationship is platonic. He is shown to be confident and assertive, along with being very protective towards Spencer Reid (Matthew Gray Gubler), whom he helps to pick up girls. He is the muscle of the team, and usually storms in when a suspect requires apprehending physically.
question: are derek and penelope dating on criminal minds?
| Solution: No |
His brother had a cookout , and while I was nice to talk with everybody , the flies and mosquites were fierce . We left around 9:30 pm and then went back to the rectory to watch the movie Bella , which was excellent ! ! ! ! If you have n't seen it , I would recommend it .
Options:
[A]. The flies and mosquitos were fierce at the cookout because the cookout was filled with food for them .;
[B]. None of the above choices .;
[C]. The flies and mosquitos were fierce at the cookout because the smoke and fire from food cooking got their attention .;
[D]. The flies and mosquitos were fierce at the cookout because the smell of food from the cookout attracated them .;
Q: Why were the flies and mosquitos fierce at the cookout ? | [A]. |
Detailed Instructions: A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Gujarati language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Q: They have infused new colours to the country's standard of progress.
A: | પ્રગતિના તમામ માપદંડોમાં એક નવો રંગ ભરી દીધો છે. |
Benedykt Ossolinsky, age 39, began to grow childish. On the first day of his midlife crisis, he stood in front of the mirror examining his receding hairline and wrinkles on his face. In that very moment, while staring at his reflection he found in his eyes that mad look he had last seen thirty years ago in a photograph taken at a tethered flying model competition. The photo was taken by Henryk the servant, when his little charge decided he wanted a red biplane model Curtiss Consolidated Skyhawk Cruisader 3A "Bingo Star". This new look was also noticed by his co-workers, who for the most part, considered him to be an infantile spoiled brat. It fit with their idea of a boss. And Benedykt was indeed the boss, even though he himself couldn't quite believe it. He was the head of a foundation for the self-promotion of the Ossolinsky family, well-known descendants of Polish-American aristocrats, engaged in business ventures there, and charity work here. The position was highly honorable and very prestigious. Just as the employees didn't like Benedykt, in equal measure Benedykt didn't like his job. He considered it extremely stressful and felt it forced him to super-human sacrifices. Everything was arranged by the family as a penance for avoiding work. He had to go to the office at least three times a week for two full hours and entertain various smiling journalists, drink coffee with them and listen. He had to sign letters and open gifts from various companies hoping to win favors. And he had to play golf and attend social functions, movie premiers, shows and art exhibits. The family had only planned for three months of vacation time a year. Scandal! As a sign of protest he took to coming to the office wearing a t-shirt with the slogan "Attention, Baby!" on it. Question: What did Benedykt have to do? Options: A. not enough information B. Fly airplanes C. Talk to his servant D. Socializing === The correct answer is
D
(Question)
U.S. President Donald Trump said Saturday that he had instructed his representatives not to sign a communique by all seven leaders attending the G-7 summit in Canada, citing statements by Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made after he left. "Very dishonest and & weak," Trump tweeted in response to Trudeau's remark that the new U.S. tariffs on aluminum and steel were "insulting." "Based on Justin's false statements at his news conference, and the fact that Canada is charging massive Tariffs to our U.S. farmers, workers, and companies, I have instructed our U.S. Reps not to endorse the Communique as we look at Tariffs on automobiles flooding the U.S. Market!" Trump added. "International cooperation cannot be dictated by fits of anger and throwaway remarks," French President Emmanuel Macron's office said in a statement about Trump's withdrawal from signing the communique. The statement also said Trump's action is a display of "incoherence and inconsistency." "Germany stands by the jointly agreed communique," Germany spokesman Steffen Seibert said in a statement. Trudeau closed the summit Saturday by refusing to budge on positions that place him at odds with Trump, particularly new tariffs on steel and aluminum that have irritated Canada and the European Union. He said in closing remarks that Canada would proceed with retaliatory measures on U.S. goods as early as July 1. "I highlighted directly to the president that Canadians did not take it lightly that the United States has moved forward with significant tariffs," Trudeau said in the news conference following the two-day summit. "Canadians, we're polite, we're reasonable, but we will also not be pushed around." British Prime Minister Theresa May echoed Trudeau, pledging to retaliate for tariffs on EU goods. "The loss of trade through tariffs undermines competition, reduces productivity, removes the incentive to innovate and ultimately makes everyone poorer," she said. "And in response, the EU will impose countermeasures." Trudeau and May also bucked... Question: What led to Russia being thrown out of the group of G-7 nations? Options: A. It's aggressive actions in eastern Ukraine B. because of Russia's trade stance C. not enough information D. Russia's economy is not as advanced as those of the other nations === The correct answer is
(Answer)
A
Question: Paul was late for the victory party. When he finally arrived back at Chloe's house he found her driveway and neighborhood so crowded with cars that he had to park on the next street over. He was ever so slightly worried about leaving his car out of sight in this neighborhood, but really it was his nervousness about the party that tied his stomach in knots. A $120 bottle of champagne under his arm, Paul walked bravely up to the front door, which opened from within before he could touch the doorbell. "8:17!" shouted Chloe as she flung the door wide, a wristwatch held in her hand. "Who bet closest to 8:17?" Chloe wore a green and blue sari wrapped low around her waist and a white t-shirt on which someone had used a sharpie to write "HOOK-HER" on the front. A young, stocky Asian American woman named Bee stepped forward. She held a little piece of paper in her hand, which she shoved playfully in front of Chloe's face. "8:15! I had 8:15!" Behind the two women a tall, rail-thin man appeared, wearing a faded blue polo shirt with the Microsoft logo on it and a pair of khakis. Paul recognized him as Raff, whom he'd met the night before. "Just barely beat my 8:00." He said. Raff was the computer guy - the lead hacker in the group who'd been responsible for sorting through the reams of electronic data they'd stolen and finding the juicy bits. He'd also masterminded the attack on the company Web site and some of the other problems that had tied his former partners up in the hours after Paul had gotten the check. "I wanted to bet 'never' but Chloe had already taken that one." "Don't listen to him, Paul," said Chloe. "I just bet never because I knew everyone else would want it and I alone had faith in your return. But the others decided to have a little betting pool about when you'd finally show up after you pulled your little disappearing act earlier." Chloe waggled her finger at him in mock scolding. "You're a naughty little boy, giving me the slip like that." Question: What will Paul do? Options: A. He will open the champagne. B. He will get in a fight with Raff. C. He will sleep with Chloe. D. not enough information === The correct answer is
Answer: | A |
Q: A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Malayalam language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
We have extended a helping hand to countries in need and participated actively in humanitarian work and disaster relief.
A: | ആവശ്യമുള്ള രാജ്യങ്ങള്ക്ക് ഞങ്ങള് സഹായ ഹസ്തം നീട്ടുകയും മാനുഷിക പ്രവര്ത്തനങ്ങളിലും ദുരിതാശ്വാസ പ്രവര്ത്തനങ്ങളില് സജീവമായി പങ്കെടുക്കുകയും ചെയ്തു. |
Problem: Given the question: What is the question to: "3G, short for third Generation, is the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology."? The topic is 3G.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
"what does 3g network mean?"
input question: What is the question to: "Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (September 8, 1828 – February 24, 1914), born as Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain, was an American college professor from the State of Maine , who volunteered during the American Civil War to join the Union Army ."? The topic is Joshua Chamberlain.???
output answer: "What did Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain do??"
What is the question to: "He is most popularly regarded as the eldest son, though some traditions regard him as the second son."? The topic is Shem.
----
Answer: "who is shem in the bible?"
Q: What is the question to: "Mark Travis John Sanchez (born November 11, 1986) is an American football quarterback for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL)."? The topic is Mark Sanchez.
A: "where is mark sanchez from?"
Question: What is the question to: "Root beer is a carbonated , sweetened beverage , originally made using the root of a sassafras plant (or the bark of a sassafras tree) as the primary flavor."? The topic is Root beer.
Answer: "how is root beer made??"
Please answer this: What is the question to: "The original antibacterial sulfonamides (sometimes called sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs) are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group."? The topic is Sulfonamide (medicine).
++++++++
Answer: | "what are the sulfas?" |
In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.
One example is below.
Q: Questions are gathered from anonymized, aggregated queries to the Google search engine. Queries that are likely to be yes/no questions are heuristically identified: we found selecting queries where the first word is in a manually constructed set of indicator words and are of sufficient length, to be effective.
Questions are only kept if a Wikipedia page is returned as one of the first five results, in which case the question and Wikipedia page are given to a human annotator for further processing.
Annotators label question/article pairs in a three-step process. First, they decide if the question is good, meaning it is comprehensible, unambiguous, and requesting factual information. This judgment is made before the annotator sees the Wikipedia page. Next, for good questions, annotators find a passage within the document that contains enough information to answer the question. Annotators can mark questions as “not answerable" if the Wikipedia article does not contain the requested information. Finally, annotators mark whether the question's answer is “yes" or “no". Annotating data in this manner is quite expensive since annotators need to search entire Wikipedia documents for relevant evidence and read the text carefully.
A: how was the dataset built?
Rationale: This is a good question, and it is answerable based on the context.
Q: Our baseline is TransE since that the score function of our models is based on TransE.
A: | What baselines are used for comparison? |
Detailed Instructions: Translate from English to Hindi.
See one example below:
Problem: Go to the employment office.
Solution: रोजगार कार्यालय जाओ.
Explanation: The translation is accurate.
Problem: Sometimes it's hard to know what that is?
Solution: | कभी कभी यह मुश्किल हो जाता है जानना. |
Definition: In this task, you are given two sentences in the English language (Sentence 1 and Sentence 2). Your task is to identify the connecting word between the two sentences.
Input: Sentence 1:It used to attract many visitors . Sentence 2:However , with time things have deteriorated now .
Output: | however |
Question: Please answer correctly the following question related to the paragraph below. Does Sophie's city do more or less harm to the environment than Sarah's? Sarah and Sophie are sisters living in two different cities. Sarah lives in a very rural area with hardly any air pollution. Sophie lives in a heavily industrialized urban area with many factories and people driving cars to their destinations. This all leads to Sophie's city having a large amount of pollution going into the atmosphere. Hint: Air pollution is harmful to human beings and other living things. About 22 million people die from air pollution each year. Breathing polluted air increases the risk of developing lung diseases such as asthma and lung cancer. Breathing bad air also increases the chances of dying from other diseases. Children are most likely to be affected by air pollution. That’s because their lungs are still developing and growing. Children also take in more air for their size than adults do. Some air pollutants damage the environment as well as the health of living things. The type of damage depends on the pollutant. Air pollution can also harm the environment.
Answer: | more |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a question in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Input: When/how did you realize were not straight?
Output: | چه موقع / چگونه متوجه شدید که دگرجنس گرا نیستید؟ |
Question: Answer the question based on the following text. Question: A increase or decrease in the population cold lead to more food availability? Text: As the population increases, the food supply, or the supply of another necessary resource, may decrease.
Answer: decrease
Question: Answer the question based on the following text. Question: When you use less force to move a car it will move less or move further? Text: When two skateboarders push against each other, it causes them to move apart. The harder they push together, the farther apart they move.
Answer: move less
Question: Answer the question based on the following text. Question: If a wire were to be cut in half, each half would have more or less resistance than the whole wire? Text: Longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires.
Answer: | less |
You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
One example is below.
Q: Optical mice use an LED and a camera to rapidly
capture images of the surface beneath the mouse.
The infomation from the camera is analyzed by a
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and used to detect
imperfections in the underlying surface and
determine motion. Some materials, such as glass,
mirrors or other very shiny, uniform surfaces
interfere with the ability of the DSP to
accurately analyze the surface beneath the mouse.
\nSince glass is transparent and very uniform, the
mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in
the underlying surface to determine motion.
Mirrored surfaces are also a problem, since they
constantly reflect back the same image, causing
the DSP not to recognize motion properly. When the
system is unable to see surface changes associated
with movement, the mouse will not work properly.
A: why doesn't an optical mouse work on a glass
table?
Rationale: The passage talks about the glass and mirror surfaces beneath the optical mice and how the mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in the underlying surface to determine motion. The last line of the passage explains why the mouse will not work properly on these surfaces. Thus it is a positive example.
Q: what base are you talking about, in base 10, it's 10, base 9, it's 11, base 8, its 12, base 7, its 13, base 6, it's 14. and there is no 5 in base five
A: | what's 5 plus 5? |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you are given a question. You need to generate an answer to the question.
See one example below:
Problem: Question:Who was the man behind The Chipmunks?
Solution: David Seville
Explanation: David Seville was the man behind the Chipmunks.
Problem: Question:Who was married to Whitney Houston from 1992 to 2007?
Solution: | bobby brown |
Question: Given the background: Ocean acidification occurs when excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the oceans to become acidic. Burning fossil fuels has led to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by the oceans, which lowers the pH of the water. Ocean acidification can kill corals and shellfish. It may also cause marine organisms to reproduce less, which could harm other organisms in the food chain. As a result, there also may be fewer marine organisms for humans to consume. and the situation: Many years ago there was a beach Called Coast Brigs where many coral and other life lived. A refinery that burned coal was built nearby and over time the water nearby became very acidic. The coral and marine life died because of this but a few miles north on another beach named Greendale the same creatures are surviving just fine. Answer the following question: Will building a refinery at Greendale cause the acidity of the water to increase or decrease?
Answer: | increase |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a word, followed by a sentence. You should respond with a valid sentence which contains the word with the same meaning as in the given sentence. For example, if the given sentence refers to a 'fly' as the insect, you should not respond with a sentence which uses 'fly' as the verb. You may use the word in a different tense than is given. For example, you may use the word 'ended' in the output where the given input word is 'end'.
See one example below:
Problem: dust
Sentence: Another one bites the dust.
Solution: The maid used a handkerchief to remove dust off the table.
Explanation: In both the input and output sentences, the word 'dust' refers to sand, and therefore the words share the same meaning.
Problem: rebellion
Sentence: His body was in rebellion against fatigue.
Solution: | Each generation must have its own rebellion. |
Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence and a question. You're expected to write the correct answer based on the sentence.
Problem:Sentence: Jim ran over a nail on his bicycle and got a flat tire. David ran over the same nail in his car and his tire didn't get flat. Question: Why did Jim get a flat tire but David did not?
Solution: | Jim's tire was thinner |
Definition: In this task, you are given news articles and you need to generate a highlight, i.e., a short summary, with a maximum length of 10 lines.
Input: Washington (CNN) -- A Chicago man who planned to travel to Somalia to fight for a terrorist group pleaded guilty on Monday to terrorism-related charges. Shaker Masri, a 28-year old U.S. citizen, pleaded guilty to attempting to provide material support for Al-Shabaab, a group he knew the United States had designated as a foreign terrorist organization, according to prosecutors. In his plea agreement, Masri said that on July 19, 2010, he told an associate he "wanted to travel to a conflict zone to engage in jihadist fighting" and that he had the choice of going to Afghanistan to help al Qaeda or travel to Somalia to aid Al-Shabaab. Masri told his associate he had decided to go to Somalia but he needed money. The associate -- who was actually a source assisting law enforcement -- said he would help Masri but insisted on going to join Al-Shabaab as well. Masri agreed, according to the plea agreement. Over several weeks Masri and his associate worked on their travel plans including "how to conceal their departure, the financial costs of the journey, the necessity of supplies, and the weapons they would need to acquire in Somalia." The plea agreement says the associate asked Masri how they would link up with Al-Shabaab once they arrived in Somalia. Masri explained that they would be traveling to a part of southern Somalia that was controlled by Al-Shabaab and said "he expected that they would be placed with a brigade of al-Shabaab's militia comprised of foreign fighters." According to the plea agreement, Masri said to avoid suspicion they should not travel directly to East Africa. Instead Masri decided on a route through California, Mexico, and then a "Latin or South American country that did not work with United States' law enforcement" and then on to East Africa. Masri told his associate that once they left for Somalia they would be "wanted men." Masri also told his associate that he needed to get rid of his laptop because it had information that could be incriminating, and buy a new one. In late July Masri and the man he believed to be his co-conspirator purchased one-way tickets to California to begin their circuitous journey. On August 3, 2010 -- the day before their scheduled departure -- Masri and his associate drove to a liquor store where the associate allegedly picked up $18,000 to fund their trip. Next they went to a store to buy a new laptop. Masri was arrested when he left the store. Earlier in his case Masri also was charged with attempting or conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction outside the United States. A criminal complaint charged he wanted to wear a suicide vest and become a martyr with an attack on "infidels." Under the terms of the plea agreement that charge was dropped. Masri is scheduled to be sentenced on October 16, and his plea agreement calls for a sentence of nine years and 10 months in prison on the conspiracy to provide material support charge. Chicago terror suspect's long road to seeking martyrdom .
Output: | The 28-year-old U.S. citizen told an associate he wanted to engage in "jihadist fighting"
The associate was actually a source assisting law enforcement .
The man's plea agreement calls for a sentence of nearly 10 years in prison . |
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
One example is below.
Q: Context: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
Question: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
A: As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. ILC2s are also linked with high tissue and blood eosinophilia and have a potential role in the activation and survival of eosinophils during the Th2 immune response. The association of innate lymphoid cells in CRS provides insights into its pathogenesis.
Rationale: The output says that ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP and that they may drive nasal polyp formtion in CRS. The output also says that ILC2s are linked with blood eosinophilia and hence, it completely answers the question on the basis of the information in the context.
Q: Context: Aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) molecular signaling elicit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. Therefore, targeting STAT-3 is considered as an attractive option towards suppression of HCC in humans.', 'Our objective is to identify a potential small molecule inhibitor that can specifically target STAT-3 and suppress HCC.', 'In this study, we analyze a group of sesquiterpene lactone (STL) candidates that has been recently reported in preclinical trials against cancer by a unified computational and experimental approach.', 'Our virtual analysis of the STL candidates revealed Artesunate (ATS) as the best potential inhibitor of STAT-3 with comparable potency to specific inhibitor S3I-201. We also observed that ATS inhibited IL-6 driven STAT-3-DNA binding activity with comparable potency to S3I-201 in a cell free system. Furthermore ATS was observed to interfere with STAT-3 dimerization and suppression of both constitutive and IL-6 inducible STAT-3 in vitro. Nevertheless, we also observed that ATS modulated STAT-3 dependent targets (procaspase-3, Bcl-xl and survivin) favoring occurrence of apoptosis in vitro. Overall, the putative inhibition of STAT-3 by ATS suggested its capacity to interfere with STAT-3 dimerization by binding to the SH2 domain of STAT-3 monomer. It resulted in suppression of STAT-3 and also favored promotion of in vitro cells towards apoptosis. Consequently, ATS also exhibited selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells over normal cells in vitro.\Question: Does artesunate as an Anti-Cancer Agent Targets Stat-3 and Favorably suppress Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
A: | All the above observations substantiated by unified computational and in vitro experimental approaches suggested its potential role as a therapeutic anti-cancer agent against HCC. |
Definition: In this task, you're given two sentences. Indicate if the first sentence clearly entails the second sentence (i.e., one can conclude the 2nd sentence by reading the 1st one). Indicate your answer with '1' if the first sentence entails the second sentence, otherwise answer with '0'.
Input: Sentence 1: How come a country (Vatican City), a so-called country, that is in essence 800 square acres of office space in the middle of Rome, that has a citizenry that excludes women and children, seems to attract the most attention in talking about public policy that deals with women and children? she demanded. Sentence 2: The Vatican City is in Rome.
Output: | 1 |
You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Example input: Optical mice use an LED and a camera to rapidly
capture images of the surface beneath the mouse.
The infomation from the camera is analyzed by a
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and used to detect
imperfections in the underlying surface and
determine motion. Some materials, such as glass,
mirrors or other very shiny, uniform surfaces
interfere with the ability of the DSP to
accurately analyze the surface beneath the mouse.
\nSince glass is transparent and very uniform, the
mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in
the underlying surface to determine motion.
Mirrored surfaces are also a problem, since they
constantly reflect back the same image, causing
the DSP not to recognize motion properly. When the
system is unable to see surface changes associated
with movement, the mouse will not work properly.
Example output: why doesn't an optical mouse work on a glass
table?
Example explanation: The passage talks about the glass and mirror surfaces beneath the optical mice and how the mouse is unable to pick up enough imperfections in the underlying surface to determine motion. The last line of the passage explains why the mouse will not work properly on these surfaces. Thus it is a positive example.
Q: I think it's over 40 years this has been happening. Why doesn't it change? It's not a simple answer. There are lots of websites talking about the reasons why. And one reason right now is I feel because of Bush.
A: | Why is the USA still pressuring Cuba , although communism has failed worldwide?? |
Definition: In this task, you are given a question. You have to answer the question based on your information.
Input: What is the release date of the film in which Noah Lomax played the character Lewis?
Output: | December 7 |
Problem: Given the question: Information: - Rough Trade Records is an independent record label based in London, England. It was formed in 1978 by Geoff Travis who had opened a record store off Ladbroke Grove. Having successfully promoted and sold records by punk, very early indie pop and early post-punk bands such as The Smiths and Desperate Bicycles, Travis began to manage acts and distribute bands such as Scritti Politti and began the label, which was informed by left-wing politics and structured as a co-operative. Soon after, Rough Trade also set up a distribution arm that serviced independent retail outlets across Britain, a network that became known as the Cartel. - Geoff Travis (born 2 February 1952) is the founder of both Rough Trade Records and the Rough Trade chain of record shops. A former drama teacher and owner of a punk record shop, Travis founded the Rough Trade label in 1978. - Finn Andrews is lead singer and songwriter of London based band The Veils. His father Barry Andrews was a founding member of 1980s bands XTC and Shriekback and later went on to play with Iggy Pop, Robert Fripp and David Bowie. - The Veils are a London-based indie/alternative band fronted by lead singer and songwriter Finn Andrews. They are known for their chaotic and highly cathartic live performances and Finn's often scarily possessed stage presence. Head of Rough Trade Records Geoff Travis has referred to Finn as "a young but maturing real artist in the vein of Nick Cave and David Bowie". - London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. - `` Lavinia '' is a single by The Veils , released on 24 November 2003 . The song was spotted by the first band 's video ever , directed by Gavin Boyter . This version is a re-recording quite different from the album version ; the latter was already done at the time of single release but would only see the light of day three months later on the band 's debut album . What is the relationship between 'lavinia ' and 'rough trade records'?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
record label
Problem: Given the question: Information: - A weevil is a type of beetle from the Curculionoidea superfamily. They are usually small, less than , and herbivorous. Over 60,000 species are in several families, mostly in the family Curculionidae (the true weevils). Some other beetles, although not closely related, bear the name "weevil", such as the biscuit weevil ("Stegobium paniceum"), which belongs to the family Anobiidae. - Polyphaga is the largest and most diverse suborder of beetles ; the name is derived from two Greek words : poly - , meaning ' many ' , and phagein , meaning ' to eat ' , so the suborder is called the `` eaters of many things '' . Polyphaga comprises 144 families in 16 superfamilies , and displays an enormous variety of specialization and adaptation , with over 300,000 described species , or approximately 90 % of the beetle species so far discovered . Key characteristics of Polyphaga are that the hind coxa ( base of the leg ) , does not divide the first and second abdominal / ventral plates which are known as sternites . Also , the notopleural suture ( found under the pronotal shield ) is not present . - The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear. - Beetles are a group of insects that form the order Coleoptera. The word "coleoptera" is from the Greek , "koleós", meaning "sheath"; and , "pterón", meaning "wing", thus "sheathed wing", because most beetles have two pairs of wings, the front pair, the "elytra", being hardened and thickened into a shell-like protection for the rear pair and the beetle's abdomen. The order contains more species than any other order, constituting almost 25% of all known animal life-forms. About 40% of all described insect species are beetles (about 400,000 species), and new species are discovered frequently. The largest taxonomic family, the Curculionidae (the weevils or snout beetles), also belongs to this order. - The Curculionidae comprises the family of the "true" weevils (or "snout beetles"). It is one of the largest animal families, with 5,489 genera and 86,100 species described worldwide. - Insects (from Latin ', a calque of Greek ['], "cut into sections") are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, including more than a million described species and representing more than half of all known living organisms. The number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million, and potentially represent over 90% of the differing animal life forms on Earth. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, a habitat dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans. - Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance. What is the relationship between 'polyphaga' and 'coleoptera'?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
| parent taxon |
Instructions: In this task, you're given the title of a five-sentence story, the first four sentences, and two options for the fifth sentence as a and b. Your job is to pick the sentence option that does not connect with the rest of the story, indicating your choice as 'a' or 'b'. If both sentences are plausible, pick the one that makes less sense.
Input: Title: Cheap. Sentence 1: I wanted to buy headphones. Sentence 2: So I settled for something cheap. Sentence 3: The headphones didn't have a comfortable fit. Sentence 4: And they didn't sound as good as I thought they would. Choices: a. They hugged him and promised to keep in touch with him always. b. I decided to always save up instead.
Output: | a |
Detailed Instructions: Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.
Problem:Paragraph- Sent 1: This week, we've been treated to the increasingly familiar sight of former NBA star and provocateur Dennis Rodman attending events in Pyongyang, North Korea.
Sent 2: It's his fourth trip in less than 12 months.
Sent 3: On Tuesday, an angry Rodman defended his visit in a CNN interview straight from Pyongyang, at one point saying to "New Day" anchor Chris Cuomo, "I don't give a rat's ass what the hell you think ..."Sent 4: in response to question about Kenneth Bae, an American detained in North Korea.
Sent 5: When will we tire of this circus?
Sent 6: In case you don't watch cable news, you might miss that the media really loves this kind of thing.
Sent 7: No story about North Korea is too weird to go unreported, even if there is no real information to disseminate.
Sent 8: Recall the recent rumor that Kim Jong Un's uncle was executed by being fed to hungry dogs, which most likely was started as satire on Chinese social media but was at first reported widely in the media (CNN was unable to confirm and did not report the story).
Sent 9: In media discourse, North Korea is the classic enemy.
Sent 10: The regime's injustices, quirks and dysfunctions are reassuring to Americans that their own country is just the opposite: Normal, well-functioning, a land of peace and liberty.
Sent 11: But add in Rodman to the North Korea story, and it's bound to produce eye-popping headlines: The Weird American Athlete Goes to Weird Country story is just too easy not to cover.
Sent 12: Rodman himself seems to be thriving on finding a strange smidgen of relevance through his visits to North Korea (and perhaps a Paddy Power paycheck).
Sent 13: Though often described as quite shy, he has always enjoyed challenging the values of Middle America.
Sent 14: North Korea is providing him a new avenue to be in the spotlight.
Sent 15: The most passive player in this tragicomedy is Rodman's home country, the United States.
Sent 16: The U.S. State Department has deployed the rhetorical equivalent of an embarrassed teenager whose dad has shown up to dance at his prom.
Sent 17: Something along the lines of "this has nothing to do with us" is what the State Department has said with every one of Rodman's trip.
Sent 18: Last winter,the State Department criticized Rodman's timing as it followed a nuclear test and rocket launch.
Question: How has the media shown North Korea as the classic enemy?.
Solution: | The regime's injustices, quirks and dysfunctions are reassuring to Americans that their own country is just the opposite: Normal, well-functioning, a land of peace and liberty. |
Given a sentence in English, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in German that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Q: Born in Seville , Hidalgo played for Badajoz and Celta de Vigo .
A: | Hidalgo wurde in Sevilla geboren, der für Badajoz und Celta de Vigo spielte. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you need to translate the given English sentence to Polish language.
See one example below:
Problem: The Americans didnt even know
Solution: Amerykanie nawet nie wiedzieli
Explanation: English sentence is properly converted into Polish sentence
Problem: Another way to view that –
Solution: | Inny sposób rozwiązania kwestii cytrynowych |
You are given a paragraph (Passage), a question (Question) and two answer options (Option1 and Option2). Your task is to choose the correct answer to the question based on the passage. Answer of the question cannot be found directly from the passage, it is indirectly indicated in the passage. Do not answer with words other than the two options, and do not answer with option titles(e.g. "option1" or "1" are not acceptable answers.)
Example input: Passage: Omelettes make a great breakfast , and I enjoy making them because they are very easy to cook . First , I get the eggs out and begin cracking them on the side of the bowl and dumping them into the bowl . I normally use two eggs whites and one whole egg to cut the calories . I add some salt and pepper to the mix for flavor . I pour the mixture into the hot frying pan . I make sure that I add some vegetable oil to the pan before I add the eggs though because I do n't want them to stick . As this occurs , I add some cheese or vegetable to the center of the egg mixture . Really , almost any type of cheese or vegetable makes a good omelette . I then flip one side of the omelette over on to itself to seal in the contents in the middle . It is then ready to serve ! Question: Where is the omelette being browned? Option1: In the pan Option2: On the street
Example output: In the pan
Example explanation: As mentioned in the passage that I pour the mixture into the hot frying pan; it is clear that omelette is being browned in pan only. Also, there is nothing related to street mention in the passage.
Q: Passage: Today I did my laundry . I picked up all of the worn , dirty clothes off of the floor and placed them in the hamper . The hamper was very full . I decided to wash only dark colored clothes today . I put these clothes in a laundry bag and took them to the laundry room in my apartment building , along with a bottle of laundry detergent and a roll of quarters , since the washing machine costs $ 2 and you can only pay with quarters . Luckily , there was a washing machine available to use . Then I placed the clothes in the machine . I selected the button for `` cold water , '' so the colors would not bleed while they were being washed . I inserted the quarters into the slot and pressed the `` start '' button . Question: What did they pour into the machine? Option1: Fabric sheets. Option2: The laundry detergent.
A: | The laundry detergent. |
Fact: a plant requires a specific climate to grow and survive
Question: A specific plant is found
What's the answer? OPT: (I) in some areas (II) in outer space (III) nowhere (IV) in all areas | (I) |
Definition: In this task, you are given a sentence in the English language. Your job is to translate the English sentence into the Spanish language.
Input: Among the mechanisms of absorption of drugs, which is carried out with carrier and in favor of concentration gradient ?
Output: | Entre los mecanismos de absorción de los fármacos, ¿cuál es el que se realiza con portador y a favor de gradiente de concentración? |
In this task, you are given a text of the article. Your task is to generate a headline (title) for this article.
One example: australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed .
Solution is here: australian current account deficit narrows sharply
Explanation: This headline is appropriate for the given article text because the focus of this article is Australian current accounts.
Now, solve this: turkish authorities detained ## would-be immigrants attempting to cross into greece , paramilitary police in the provincial capital of edirne said thursday .
Solution: | turkish authorities detain ## would-be refugees on greek border |
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What comes first in the life cycle of a plant? A:
Answer: seed
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: Q: What continuously monitors and repairs its genetic material? A:
Answer: cells
Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph: The atmosphere protects living things from the Sun’s most harmful rays. Gases reflect or absorb the strongest rays of sunlight. Figure below models this role of the atmosphere. Q: What is the name of the protective layer of gases that surrounds the earth and blocks harmful rays from the sun? A:
Answer: | the atmosphere |
Instructions: Given a paragraph from a Wikipedia article about some topic, and a question related to the topic, determine whether the question is answerable from the paragraph. If the question is answerable, answer "True", otherwise, answer "False".
Input: Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action. Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations. An example of a treaty requiring such legislation would be one mandating local prosecution by a party for particular crimes. Question: What was confusing to indigenous people?
Output: | False |
Definition: You are given a sentence and a question. You're expected to write the correct answer based on the sentence.
Input: Sentence: Two trolleys are running on parallel tracks. They both go in the same distance for 40 minutes. The trolley on the left hasn't gone as far as the trolley on the right. Question: Which one had the higher velocity?
Output: | the one on the right track |
In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
Example: passage: Franchising is a way for small business owners to benefit from the economies of scale of the big corporation (franchiser). McDonald's and Subway are examples of a franchise. The small business owner can leverage a strong brand name and purchasing power of the larger company while keeping their own investment affordable. However, some franchisees conclude that they suffer the "worst of both worlds" feeling they are too restricted by corporate mandates and lack true independence. It is an assumption that small business are just franchisees, but the truth is many franchisers are also small businesses, Although considered to be a successful way of doing business, literature has proved that there is a high failure rate in franchising as well, especially in UK, where research indicates that out of 1658 franchising companies operating in 1984, only 601 remained in 1998, a mere 36%.
question: can a franchise be considered a small business?
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: Based on the passage, a franchise can be considered a small business.
Problem: passage: The film's supporting cast features Walter Brennan, Joanne Dru, Coleen Gray, Harry Carey, John Ireland, Hank Worden, Noah Beery Jr., Harry Carey Jr. and Paul Fix. Borden Chase and Charles Schnee wrote the screenplay, based on Chase's original story (which was first serialized in The Saturday Evening Post in 1946 as ``Blazing Guns on the Chisholm Trail'').
question: is the movie red river based on a true story?
| Solution: No |
DIALOG:
Why did Bruce Lee leave Hong Kong?
- Bruce Lee left Hong Kong because he was getting in too many fights
- What age was Bruce Lee when he left Hong Kong?
- Bruce Lee was 18 when he left Hong Kong
- Where did Bruce Lee move to in the United States?
- Bruce Lee first moved to San Francisco, then Seattle
- Did Bruce Lee move with both parents?
- No, his parents didn't move with him.
- Was Bruce Lee upset about moving to the States?
-
Next turn: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article, besides Bruce Lee moving to the States, where he moved, and why he moved?
Problem: What could be the response? DIALOG:
Who is Buffalo Springfield?
- A Canadian-American rock band.
- What did Buffalo Springfield do?
- The band would release three albums.
- What albums did the band Buffalo Springfield release?
- Buffalo Springfield would release three albums: Buffalo Springfield, Buffalo Springfield Again, and Last Time Around.
- What Buffalo Springfield album was the most popular?
-
A: Barry Gifford called Last Time Around Buffalo Springfield's most beautiful record.
QUESTION: Write another turn of this conversation. DIALOG:
When did the Stacie Orrico album release?
-
ANS: Stacie Orrico's self titled album, Stacie Orrico, released in 2003.
question: Write a response. DIALOG:
When was Malcolm Marshall born?
- Malcolm Marshall was born 18 April 1958.
- Where did Malcolm Marshall grow up?
- Malcolm Marshall grew up in the parish of Saint Michael, Barbados.
- Who were Malcolm Marshall's parents?
- Malcolm Marshall's father, Denzil DeCoster Edghill was also an outstanding cricketer who played for Kingspark cricket club in St. Philip. His mother was Eleanor.
- Where did Malcolm Marshall go to school?
- Malcolm Marshall was educated at St Giles Boys' School from 1963 to 1969 and then at Parkinson Comprehensive from 1969 to 1973.
- Did Malcolm Marshall go to college?
-
response: When did Malcolm Marshall start playing cricket?
Q: See the conversation. DIALOG:
What happened to the fur trade in the 18th century?
- At the beginning of the 18th century, more organized violence than in previous decades occurred between the Native Americans involved in the deerskin trade and white settlers.
- Where did the deer skin come from?
- The white-tailed deer herds that roamed south of Virginia were a profitable resource.
- What tactics were used by the Native Americans?
-
****
Next: It was a common practice on the part of the Indian women to offer marriage and sometimes just sex in exchange for fur traders not trading with their rivals.
QUESTION: Write another turn of this conversation. DIALOG:
What kind of pressure was Emiliano Zapata under?
- Emiliano Zapata was born in Anenecuilco, Morelos State, where peasant communities were under increasing pressure from the small landowning class who monopolized land and water resources for sugar cane production.
- When was Emiliano Zapata in control of his region?
- Emiliano Zapata participated in political movements against Diaz and landowning hacendados, and when the Revolution broke out in 1910 he was a central leader of the revolt in Morelos.
- Did Emiliano Zapata face other pressures?
- The disintegration of the revolution outside of Morelos put pressure on Emiliano Zapata and the Zapatistas.
- Was Emiliano Zapata successful in uniting with the national anti-Carrancista movement?
-
ANS: | No, in December 1918 Carrancistas under Gonzalez undertook an offensive campaign taking most of the state of Morelos, pushing Emiliano Zapata to retreat. |
Question: Information: - Linnaeus University (LNU) is a state university in the Småland region of Sweden. It has two campuses, one in Växjö and one in Kalmar. Linnaeus University was established in 2010 by a merger of former Växjö University and Kalmar University ("Högskolan i Kalmar"), and has been named in honour of botanist Carl Linnaeus. - Per Nils Johan Alfred Malmer ( born May 25 , 1928 in Växjö ) is a Swedish plant ecologist . Malmer graduated ( 1957 ) and took his PhD ( 1962 ) in plant ecology ( Studies on mire vegetation in the archaean area of southwestern Götaland ( South Sweden ) ) at Lund University . He had then already been a research assistant in limnology 1948 - 1950 , teaching assistant in systematic botany and plant ecology 1953 - 1959 and assistant professor of plant ecology 1959 - 1963 . From 1963 - 1993 , he was professor of plant ecology at Lund University . He was Editor - in - Chief of the scientific journal Oikos 1989 - 2004 . He served as vicedean at the Faculty of Science at Lund University 1974 - 1989 . He is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( member number 1255 ) . His research has focussed on carbon cycling in boreal and Arctic peatland . This research has included studies of past and present productivity and decay losses in Sphagnum - dominated mires . - Växjö is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. It had 63,479 inhabitants , out of a municipal population of 85,000. It is the administrative, cultural and industrial centre of Kronoberg County and the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö. The town is home to Linnaeus University. - An episcopal see is, in the usual meaning of the phrase, the area of a bishop's ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'occupation'.
Answer: nils malmer , botanist
Question: Information: - Outlaw country is a subgenre of American country music, most popular during the 1970s and early-1980s, sometimes referred to as the outlaw movement or simply outlaw music. The music has its roots in earlier subgenres like honky tonk and rockabilly and is characterized by a blend of rock and folk rhythms, country instrumentation and introspective lyrics. The movement began as a reaction to the slick production and popular structures of the Nashville sound developed by record producers like Chet Atkins. - A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter. Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis. Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). This biomass can be converted to convenient energy-containing substances in three different ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. This biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gas form. This new biomass can also be used directly for biofuels. - Willie Hugh Nelson (born April 29, 1933) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, author, poet, actor, and activist. The critical success of the album "Shotgun Willie" (1973), combined with the critical and commercial success of "Red Headed Stranger" (1975) and "Stardust" (1978), made Nelson one of the most recognized artists in country music. He was one of the main figures of outlaw country, a subgenre of country music that developed in the late 1960s as a reaction to the conservative restrictions of the Nashville sound. Nelson has acted in over 30 films, co-authored several books, and has been involved in activism for the use of biofuels and the legalization of marijuana. - Augusta is a 1995 album by country singer Willie Nelson and big band singer Don Cherry . It was released in 1995 on Sundown Records . - Red Headed Stranger is a 1975 album by American outlaw country singer Willie Nelson. After the wide success of his recordings with Atlantic Records, coupled with the negotiating skills of his manager, Neil Reshen, Nelson signed a contract with Columbia Records, a label that gave him total creative control over his works. The concept for the album was inspired by the "Tale of the Red Headed Stranger", a song that Nelson used to play as a disk jockey on his program in Fort Worth, Texas. After signing with Columbia he decided to record the song, and arranged the details during his return to Austin, Texas, from a trip to Colorado. It was recorded at low cost at Autumn Sound Studios in Garland, Texas. The songs featured sparse arrangements, largely limited to Nelson's guitar, piano and drums. Nelson presented the finished material to Columbia executives, who were dubious about releasing an album that they at first thought was a demo. However, Nelson had creative control, so no further production was added. - The Nashville sound originated during the mid 1950s as a subgenre of American country music, replacing the chart dominance of the rough honky tonk music which was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s with "smooth strings and choruses", "sophisticated background vocals" and "smooth tempos". It was an attempt "to revive country sales, which had been devastated by the rise of rock 'n' roll." - Shotgun Willie is a 1973 album by Willie Nelson. The recording marks a change of style for Nelson, who later stated that the album "cleared his throat". When Nelson refused to sign an early extension of his contract with RCA in 1972, the label decided not to release any further recordings. Nelson hired Neil Reshen as his manager, and while Reshen negotiated with RCA, Nelson moved to Austin, Texas, where the ongoing hippie music scene at the Armadillo World Headquarters renewed his musical style. In Nashville, Nelson met producer Jerry Wexler, vice president of Atlantic Records, who was interested in his music. Reshen solved the problems with RCA and signed Nelson with Atlantic Records as their first country music artist. Given the information, choose the subject and object entities that have the relation of 'genre'.
Answer: | augusta , country music |
input question: What countries share borders with france????
output answer: Spain
What did fred davis do?
----
Answer: American football player
Q: What are the gods of islam?
A: Allah
Question: Where was leonardo da vinci when he died?
Answer: Amboise
[Q]: Where is the fukushima daiichi located?
****
[A]: Okuma
Problem: Given the question: Where did paul rudd go to high school?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
| Shawnee Mission West High School |
In this task, you're given a passage, further information available on a particular linked term from the statement, and an answer term. Your job is to generate a question that can use the information provided to obtain the given answer. You should use the information on both passage and link information to create the question. Note that the answer to the question should be exactly the given answer, and if the answer is none, the answer to the question shouldn't be obtainable from the passage or linked information.
One example is below.
Q: Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
. Link Information: Operation Market Garden was a failed World War II military operation fought in the Netherlands from 17 to 25 September 1944. Answer: from 17 to 25 September 1944
A: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin?
Rationale: The passage describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden, and the answer specifies when the operation happened.
Q: Passage: Andrew Sluyter is an American social scientist who currently teaches as a professor in the Geography and Anthropology Department of the Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. His interests are the environmental history and historical, cultural, and political ecology of the colonization of the Americas. He has made various contributions to the theorization of colonialism and landscape, the critique of neo-environmental determinism, to understanding pre-colonial and colonial agriculture and environmental change in Mexico, to revealing African contributions to establishing cattle ranching in the Americas, and to the historical geographies of Hispanics and Latinos in New Orleans. With the publication of Black Ranching Frontiers: African Cattle Herders of the Atlantic World, 1500–1900 (Yale University Press, 2012) and a 2012–13 Digital Innovation Fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies, he has joined a growing number of scholars from multiple disciplines working from the perspective of Atlantic History and using the tools of the Digital Humanities. His latest book, Hispanic and Latino New Orleans: Immigration and Identity since the Eighteenth Century (LSU Press, 2015), co-authored with Case Watkins, James Chaney, and Annie M. Gibson, was awarded the 2015 John Brinckerhoff Jackson Book Prize by the American Association of Geographers.
Link Information: Social Scientist is a New Delhi-based journal published by the Indian School of Social Sciences and Tulika Books in the areas of social sciences and humanities. Answer: social sciences and humanities.
A: | What do people in Sluyter's profession study? |
Q: A guy goes to the tool shop and buys 5 sets of drill bits. Each set cost 6 dollars. He then pays 10% tax on the order. What was the total amount he paid?
A: The drill bits cost 5 * 6 = $30. The tax came out to 30 * .1 = $3. So the total cost was 30 + 3 = $33. The answer is 33.
Question: Giselle is in charge of the relay run on track and field day. Last year, the race was 300 meters. This year, it will be 4 times as long. Giselle needs to set up 6 tables for the relay run. The distance between the tables must be the same and the last table will be at the finish line. What is the distance between table 1 and table 3 in meters?
Answer: The relay run is 4 times the length of last year’s race, so 300 meters x 4 = 1200 meters. With 6 tables along the route, the distance between tables is 1200 meters / 6 tables = 200 meters. The distance between tables 1 and 3 is 200 meters x 2 = 400 meters. The answer is 400.
[Question]Chenny has 10 pieces of candies to be given out to her friends. She realized that she needs to buy 4 more so each of her friends will receive 2 candies. How many friends does Chenny have?
[Answer]Chenny has a total of 10 + 4 = 14 candies. If each friend will receive 2 candies each, then she has 14 / 2 = 7 friends. The answer is 7.
Q: Willy is starting a new TV series on Netflix. The TV series has 3 seasons that are each 20 episodes long. If Willy watches 2 episodes a day, how many days will it take for Willy to finish the entire series?
A: The TV series has a total of 3 * 20 = 60 episodes. At a rate of 2 episodes per day, Willy will finish the series in 60 / 2 = 30 days. The answer is 30.
Question: Eva learns for two semesters in a year. In 2019, she scored ten more marks in maths in the first semester than the second, 15 marks less in arts, and 1/3 marks less in science in the first semester than the second. If she got 80 marks in maths in the second semester, 90 marks in arts, and 90 in science, what's the total number of her marks in all the semesters?
Answer: In the first semester, she scored 80 + 10 = 90 marks in maths. She also scores 90 - 15 = 75 marks in arts in the first semester. She scored 1 / 3 marks less in science in the first semester than the second, which is 1 / 3 * 90 = 30. Her score in science in the first semester is 90 - 30 = 60. The total for the first semester is 90 + 75 + 60 = 225. The total for the second semester is 90 + 90 + 80 = 260. The combined marks for all the semesters in 260 + 225 = 485. The answer is 485.
Q: Sanya can wash 7 bath towels in one wash, which will take 1 hour. She only has 2 hours in a day to do this task. If she has 98 bath towels, how many days will she need to wash all of them?
A: | Every day, Sanya can wash 7 x 2 = 14 bath towels. To wash all the towels, she will need 98 / 14 = 7 days. The answer is 7. |
In this task you are given a small conversation between two persons and 4 options on how the conversation should continue. Your job is to choose the most reasonable option. The conversation and the options are separated by a newline character. Each dialogue in the conversation are separated by a comma. F and M indicate female and male, respectively.
Let me give you an example: M: Excuse me. How much is this suit? ,F: It's on sale today for $750. It's normally $900. ,M: Wow, that is pretty expensive! I was thinking that it might be 4 or 500. ,F: This material is imported from Italy. It's the finest in the world, and if you bought a suit made of this material at many department stores, you would pay about $2000. ,M: Uh-hah. But isn't that the point of coming to a market like this, to get a discount compared to the expensive department stores? Besides I saw a suit just like this one a few stalls down, and they were selling it for $600. I still thought that it was too expensive. ,F: It's possible that the suit you saw was the same color is this one but made of a different material. Unfortunately, our prices are final, and we think there are the lowest anywhere in the city.
(A) M: Okay, I'll buy it at the price you want. Here, it's $600. (B) M: Just a minute! I do not quite follow what you are saying, would you mind repeating that? (C) M: Although the material is imported from France, it is not worth the $750 you want. (D) M: You want $900 for the suit? It's too expensive!
The answer to this example can be: B
Here is why: Options (A) and (B) are not corrct because the suit's price is 900. Option (C) isn't correct because the material was imported from italy.
OK. solve this:
M: What's up? Are you still studying? ,F: Yeah, I'll be added all night. ,M: When's the big test? ,F: Not for 3 days but I have too many things to remember before then. ,M: You're taking this Spanish class so seriously. Don't you think you should lighten up a bit? ,F: I can't. Not only do I need to get good grades but I also have to actually learn this stuff. Next year I'm applying to a nursing program and they give special financial help to students who speak 2 languages. ,M: Come on, you'll do fine. You always do fine. ,F: Only when I study hard. ,M: OK, but can't you take a little break? Hey, you should come get some fish with me. You know fish is actually very good for your brain.
(A) F: Well, I don't think beer is good for brain. You should get it by yourself. (B) F: You are right. I should have some coffee and keep studying. (C) F: I am sorry. You spoke so rapidly that I did not catch the meaning of what you said. Could you repeat that? (D) F: You are right. I should go out and get some fish with you.
Answer: | D |
Instructions: You are given a paragraph, containing several sentences, and a question about the paragraph. The given question might contain grammatical errors, typing mistakes, etc., or might not make sense in the context of the paragraph (for instance, it might not be related to the content of the paragraph or not be answerable at all). Your task is to generate the corrected question in your response. Do not write a question that is very different from the given question. Instead, you should correct it by applying minimal edits to the words in the given question, such that your generated response remains similar to the given question.
Input: Paragraph- Sent 1: This is the story of a young girl and her dog.
Sent 2: The young girl and her dog set out a trip into the woods one day.
Sent 3: Upon entering the woods the girl and her dog found that the woods were dark and cold.
Sent 4: The girl was a little scared and was thinking of turning back, but yet they went on.
Sent 5: The girl's dog was acting very interested in what was in the bushes up ahead.
Sent 6: To both the girl and the dog's surprise, there was a small brown bear resting in the bushes.
Sent 7: The bear was not surprised and did not seem at all interested in the girl and her dog.
Sent 8: The bear looked up at the girl and it was almost as if he was smiling at her.
Sent 9: He then rested his head on his bear paws and went back to sleep.
Sent 10: The girl and the dog kept walking and finally made it out of the woods.
Sent 11: To this day the girl does not know why the bear was so friendly and to this day she has never told anyone about the meeting with the bear in the woods.
Question: What animal was the girl's dog interested in?
Output: | Why was the girl's dog interested in the bushes ahead? |
In this task, you're given a statement, further information available on a particular linked term from the statement, and a question. Your job is to generate the answer to the question by using the information provided. If there is no clear answer obtainable, output 'none'.
Example: Context: During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. Link Information: Operation Market Garden was a failed World War II military operation fought in the Netherlands from 17 to 25 September 1944. Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin?
Example solution: from 17 to 25 September 1944
Example explanation: The context describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden, and the answer specifies when the operation happened.
Problem: Context: He was an Assistant United States Attorney in Las Vegas from 1975 to 1978 Link Information: none Question: Who was the next to serve in the same role as Pro directly after his 1975 to 1978 tenure in the office?
| Solution: Answer: none |
Here are two sentences:
Prince William County prosecutors told a judge yesterday they now want the trial of sniper suspect John Allen Muhammad moved out of the area .
Prosecutors reversed course Friday and said they support moving the murder trial of sniper suspect John Allen Muhammad out of the Washington suburbs .
Are the two sentences saying the same thing? | yes |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Among the entities, try to find the best entity that is most likely to fill in "_" and classify the answers based on options.
Problem:The grandmother to the young Australian boy who was infamously pictured holding a severed head in Syria, says it was an act his terrorist father Khaled Sharrouf would have encouraged the then nine-year-old to undertake. Karen Nettleton told The Australian of her fears about the psychological effects the incident may have had on her grandson Abdullah as he is known to be a 'clean freak' who was fond of clean clothes. The chilling photo was posted online by Sharrouf in August last year with the caption 'that's my boy'. It showed his son using both hands to hoist a decapitated head up in the northern Syrian city of Raqqa.Karen Nettleton believes terrorist Khaled Sharrouf encouraged her grandson to hold a severed head in SyriaThe grandmother to the young boy, Abdullah, says her grandson is known to be a 'clean freak'She has told of her reaction when she first saw the chilling image of her grandson last yearIt shows the then nine-year-old using both hands to hoist a decapitated head upThe mother-in-law of Sharrouf has begged the prime minister to help bring her grandchildren home
Questions:Elomar and _ were two of the most wanted Australian men fighting with the extremist group. (A) Australian (B) Syria (C) Khaled Sharrouf (D) Karen Nettleton (E) The Australian (F) Abdullah (G) Syrian (H) Raqqa
Solution: | (C) |
Information: - Meldola is a town and "comune" near Forlì, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. - Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia ( Ferrara , 5 January 1585 -- Rome , 1 June 1641 ) was an Italian cardinal of the Pio di Savoia family . He was the uncle of Cardinal Carlo Pio di Savoia . - Pio di Savoia, an ancient noble Italian family, was first mentioned by good authorities in the 14th century. From the House of Este they received the lordship of Carpi and later they acquired the fiefs of Meldola, Sassuolo, etc. Many members of the family were distinguished as "condottieri", diplomats and ecclesiastics. What object entity has the relation of 'country of citizenship' with the subject 'carlo emanuele pio di savoia'? Choices: - italy - lordship of carpi
italy
Ques: Information: - Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre. When used without qualification it refers to the best-selling or most frequently broadcast popular music. The term is derived from record music charts, a few of which traditionally consist of a total of 40 songs. Top 40 is also an alternative term for the radio format of such music, also known as Contemporary hit radio. - Uh-Huh is an 1983 album by John Cougar Mellencamp , a stage name for John Mellencamp . It was Mellencamp 's seventh album and the first in which he used his real last name . It charted at # 9 on the Billboard 200 . Uh-Huh contained three Top 20 Billboard Hot 100 hits : `` Crumblin ' Down '' ( # 9 ) , `` Authority Song '' ( # 15 ) , and `` Pink Houses '' ( # 8 ) . In 1989 , it was ranked # 32 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 100 Greatest Albums of the 80 's . The remastered version was released March 29 , 2005 on Mercury / Island / UMe and includes one bonus track . - "Hurts So Good" is a song from 1982 by American singer-songwriter John Mellencamp, then performing under the stage name "John Cougar." The song was a number two hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for the singer/songwriter. It was the first of three major hit singles from his 1982 album "American Fool". The others were "Jack & Diane" and "Hand to Hold On To," which were all released in 1982. - A Grammy Award (originally called Gramophone Award), or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the music industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards (television), the Tony Awards (stage performance), and the Academy Awards (motion pictures). - John J Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951), also known as John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor. He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, which emphasizes traditional instrumentation. Mellencamp rose to superstardom in the 1980s while "honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that, starting in 1982, yielded a string of Top 10 singles," including "Hurts So Good," "Jack & Diane," "Crumblin' Down," "Pink Houses," "Lonely Ol' Night," "Small Town," "R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A.," "Paper in Fire," and "Cherry Bomb." He has amassed 22 Top 40 hits in the United States. In addition, he holds the record for the most tracks by a solo artist to hit number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, with seven, and has been nominated for 13 Grammy Awards, winning one. Mellencamp released his latest album, "Plain Spoken", on September 23, 2014, to widespread critical acclaim. - "Pink Houses" is a song written and performed by John Mellencamp. It was released on the 1983 album "Uh-Huh" on Riva Records. It reached #8 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 in early 1984. "Pink Houses" was ranked #439 on "Rolling Stone" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. - "Small Town" is a 1985 song written by John Mellencamp and released on his 1985 album "Scarecrow". The song reached #6 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. - Heartland rock is a genre of rock music that is exemplified by the commercial success of singer-songwriters Bruce Springsteen, Bob Seger, Tom Petty, and John Mellencamp. It is characterized by a straightforward musical style, a concern with the average, blue-collar American life, and a conviction that rock music has a social or communal purpose beyond just entertainment. What object entity has the relation of 'record label' with the subject 'uh-huh'? Choices: - 1982 - album - english - record - riva records - rock music
Ans: | riva records |
You are given a sentence in English. Your job is to translate the English sentence into Portugese.
Example input: Astronomers now believe that every star in the galaxy has a planet, and they speculate that up to one fifth of them have an Earth-like planet that might be able to harbor life, but we haven't seen any of them.
Example output: Os astrónomos acreditam que cada estrela da galáxia tem um planeta, e especulam que até um quinto deles tem um planeta do tipo da Terra que poderá ter vida, mas ainda não vimos nenhum deles.
Example explanation: The English sentence is correctly translated into Portugese, because the meaning is preserved.
Q: We can do things like predictive work.
A: | Podemos fazer um trabalho preventivo. |
Answer the question based on the following text. Question: If we bring two large magnets next to each other they will have more or less force than two small magnets? Text: The closer objects are to each other, the stronger the gravitational force between them.
more
Answer the question based on the following text. Question: If Mona owns a greenhouse and she decides to cover the top up to restrict sunlight, what happens to her plant's ability to make food increases or decreases? Text: Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food.
decreases
Answer the question based on the following text. Question: If Mary is running and race and begins to breathe hard, what happens to the air pressure in her lungs as she constricts her chest increases or decreases? Text: Exhaling, or breathing out, decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs.
increases
Answer the question based on the following text. Question: If you mixed salt water and regular water which would sink regular water or salt water? Text: Water density increases as salinity and pressure increase, or as temperature decreases.
| salt water |
Come up with a question and stream of consciousness reasoning that would justify this answer: yes | The question is: "The name Michael first appears in the Hebrew Bible."
Is the above claim true?
Options:
- yes
- no
Stream of consciousness: The name Michael first appears in the Biblical book of Numbers.
|
Given a sentence, judge the quality of this sentence by indicating "Good" and "Bad". The quality depends on the grammar and the meaning of the sentence. If a sentence is easily understandable, and doesn't have grammatical errors, answer with "Good", otherwise answer with "Bad".
One example is below.
Q: Except for this small vocal minority, we have just not from members, " says APA president Philip G. Zimbardo of Stanford University.
A: Bad
Rationale: The language in this provided text is very poor without correct meaning and incorrect grammar. There's a word missing between "not" and "from".
Q: The total resources needed for a single 500 MWe FGD retrofit and multiple FGD retrofits are shown in Table 2-1.
A: | Good |
In this task, you are given a question containing a blank (_) and two options. You should pick the best option to answer the question. Please answer with "A" or "B".
Q: Natalie had a lot of ideas about the type of flooring Patricia should install, so _ made a long list. (A) Natalie (B) Patricia
A: | A |
In this task, you are given dialogue, and you have to find the most critical location in the given conversation.
One example is below.
Q: Hello! I would love to learn about Antigua and Barbuda today.
Antigua and Barbuda is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. The country is part of the British Commonwealth.
That is very interesting! What can you tell me about "symbols" in Antigua and Barbuda?
Agave Karatto is a symbol of the country and was included in Meghan Markle's wedding veil which included distinct flora from all of the commonwealth's countries.
oh Wow! That is really cool! i never knew, Can you give me any other info about "symbols" in Antigua and Barbuda?
I do not have any further information about symbols but Calypso and soca music are both important to the culture.
Okay, I'd love to learn about Notables in Antigua and Barbuda.
I do not have any information about that but I can tell you that the islands became independent in 1981.
Can you tell me more about the Culture in Antigua and Barbuda?
They have the most technologically advanced hospital in the Caribbean.
I didn't know that! Can you tell me more about the Hospital there?
It was opened as part of an education mission and is called the Mt St John Medical Center in the nations capital, Saint John.
That is Interesting! I would like to hear more about the education mission if you have any information on that.
Unfortunately I have no further information regarding that but I can tell you that there are two foreign owned for profit off shore medical schools, the American Unversity of Antigua and The University of Health Sciences Antigua.
Thank you so much for all your information!
You are welcome!
A: Antigua and Barbuda
Rationale: Here the topic discussed is mostly about Antigua and Barbuda. Thus the output is correct.
Q: Hi, could you tell me about Estonia?
yes of course....Estonia officially the Republic of Estonia is a small country in the Baltic Region of Northern Europe. The capital city is Tallinn.
Can you tell me about the geography?
Many species extinct in most of the European countries can be still found in Estonia
Is there anything else?
Phytogeographically, Estonia is shared between the central European and Eastern Eurobean provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Brteal Kinddom
Can you tell me anything about the history?
Starting from around 3200 BC the Corded Ware culture appeared this included new activities like primitive agriculture and animal husbandry
Can you tell me more about the history?
Similar threats appeared in the east, where Russian principalities were expanding westward
Thank you so much.
you are very welcome
A: | Estonia |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a text passage, come up with an appropriate title for it. The title should accurately represent what the main focus of the passage is. The title of a passage may be present in the first few sentences of the passage and/or be referred to multiple times in the passage. The title should be 1-5 words long.
The Beatles ' rooftop concert was the final public performance of the English rock band the Beatles . On 30 January 1969 , the band , with keyboardist Billy Preston , surprised a central London office and fashion district with an impromptu concert from the roof of the headquarters of the band 's multimedia corporation Apple Corps at 3 Savile Row . In a 42 - minute set , the Beatles were heard playing nine takes of five songs before the Metropolitan Police Service asked them to reduce the volume . Footage from the performance was later used in the 1970 documentary film Let It Be .
Solution: The Beatles' rooftop concert
Why? 'The answer given is correct because it is an appropriate title as it is the main subject of the passage.
New input: `` Bye Bye Bye '' is a pop song by American boy band NSYNC . It was released on January 11 , 2000 as the first single from their third studio album No Strings Attached . The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze , with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson . Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship ; it was reported to also reference the group 's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records .
Solution: | Bye Bye Bye |
Q: You are given a sentence in Portuguese. Your job is to translate the Portuguese sentence into English.
Aqui está a minha solução.
A: | Here's my solution. |
Rationale: 21-12 < no of hrs < 21-6
9< no of hrs < 14.
The answer: (D)
Question: Resident of town X participated in a survey to determine the number of hours per week each resident spent watching television. The distribution of the results of the survey had a mean of 21 hours and std deviation of 7 hrs. The number of hours that pat, a resident of town X, watched television last week was between 1 and 2 standard deviation below the mean. Which of the following could be the number of hours that Pat watched television last week?
Options:
(A) 30
(B) 20
(C) 18
(D) 12
(E) 6
Reasoning: There are 4 ways to roll a nine: 3 and 6, 6 and 3, 4 and 5, 5 and 4 with two six-sided dice. There are 6 times 6 = 36 ways to roll two dice. The probability of rolling a 9 is thus 4/36 = 1/9.
Ans: (B)
Question: What is the probability of rolling a nine with two, fair, six-sided dice?
Options:
(A) 1/6
(B) 1/9
(C) 2/13
(D) 1/12
(E) 5/36
Rationale: 137-731 and 276-672 similarly 435-534
The answer: (A)
Question: 137+276=435 how much is 731+672?
Options:
(A) 534
(B) 1403
(C) 1623
(D) 1513
(E) 1613
Reasoning: Speed = 120*(5/18) m/sec = 200/6 m/sec
Length of Train (Distance) = Speed * Time
(200/6) * 9 = 300 meter
Ans: (E)
Question: A train running at the speed of 120 km/hr crosses a pole in 9 seconds. Find the length of the train.
Options:
(A) 100 meter
(B) 150 meter
(C) 200 meter
(D) 250 meter
(E) 300 meter
Rationale: 520 = 26 * 20 = 2 * 13 * 22 * 5 = 23 * 13 * 5
Required smallest number = 2 * 13 * 5 = 130
130 is the smallest number which should be multiplied with 520 to make it a perfect squar
The answer: (E)
Question: Find the smallest number which should be multiplied with 520 to make it a perfect square.
Options:
(A) 30
(B) 120
(C) 55
(D) 35
(E) None of these
Rationale: Speed = 90*(5/18) m/sec = 25 m/sec
Length of Train (Distance) = Speed * Time
25 *10 = 250 meter
The answer: (C)
| Question: A train running at the speed of 90 km/hr crosses a pole in 10 seconds. Find the length of the train.
Options:
(A) 150
(B) 180
(C) 250
(D) 200
(E) 225 |
In this task, you're given a text and question. The question is about the topic of the document. You are expected to generate an incorrect answer. The incorrect answer should be among one of the following categories: 1)Company, 2)Educational Institution, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, 5)Office holder, 6)Mean of transportation, 7)Building, 8)Natural place, 9)Village, 10)Animal, 11)Plant, 12)Album, 13)Film, 14)Written work
Text: Leptosteges is a genus of moths of the Crambidae family.
Question: WHat is the classified topic name | Office holder |
Question: Is the following sentence factually correct?
"David Cronenberg directs science fiction films."
Options:
- yes
- no Let's think first. Step-by-step reasoning: | David Cronenberg is a well known, Canadian director, who has directed many famous films in his career.
So, the final answer is yes. |
In this task, you get an English sentence and a corresponding Spanish translation of the English sentence. Your task is to return a "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise return "No"
Example: English: Resumption of the session
Spanish: Reanudación del período de sesiones
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: The English sentence correctly translated into a Spanish sentence because it's translated all the words and prepositions in the sentence "Resumption of the session" correctly.
Problem: English: But it has to be admitted that much of what he said is the progress in institutional matters, and the real test of the European defence identity will be in its ability to produce capability and capacity, rather than nicely formulated institutions.
Spanish:En concreto, se trata de nuestra capacidad de analizar crisis no militares y de ofrecer una respuesta inmediata.
| Solution: No |
In this task, you need to translate the given English sentence to Polish language.
Example: The Americans didnt even know
Example solution: Amerykanie nawet nie wiedzieli
Example explanation: English sentence is properly converted into Polish sentence
Problem: And in the future, we'll maybe do reactions
| Solution: Może w przyszłości zrobimy jakieś reakcje, |
In this task, you will be shown a passage. You need to write a fill-in-the-gap question based on your understanding of the events that might be inferred from the passage. Your question should be answerable based on the passage and only have one correct answer. Show the gap in your question with a _ .
Example input: For four years we have waited expectantly for the pitter patter of tiny paws. Soon, that wait could finally be over. Tian Tian, the UK's only female giant panda, has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. However Edinburgh Zoo, where the pandas live, have warned people 'not to get too excited' as the process is 'extremely complex'. Moreover, on the two previous occasions keepers inseminated Tian Tian - whose name means 'Sweetie' - she has failed to produce a panda cub. She was artificially inseminated again in March this year, but keepers at the zoo say implantation - when a fertilised egg attaches to the uterus - has not yet occurred.Tian Tian has conceived and could give birth to a cub as early as August. She has been inseminated twice before but so far failed to produce a cubTian Tian and Yang Guang arrived in 2011 from China to great fanfareOn loan at £600k a year, became first giant pandas to live in UK for 17 years
Example output: Under the terms of the agreement any cubs will return to _ at the age of two, the age at which they would normally leave their mother in the wild.
Example explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage you can answer this question.
Q: (CNN)In one month Nigerians will vote in what may be the country's most competitive and contentious elections yet. But this important process will take place in the shadow of a worsening threat -- Boko Haram, the Islamist insurgent group otherwise known as Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, which killed as many as 2,000 people in the northeastern town of Baga on January 3. The attacks of the past few weeks -- Boko Haram's biggest ever in terms of casualties on Baga, and on markets using children to detonate devices -- have drawn international focus back to the crisis. But such appalling events are not new -- they are an intensification, a next step in a crisis which has steadily worsened since Boko Haram's 2010 reemergence. And they raise a number of questions about the trajectory of the insurgency and the response to it.Boko Haram massacred as many as 2,000 people in Baga, Nigeria on January 3Donnelly: Taking Baga helps group consolidate control in northeast NigeriaDonnelly: Group's tactics are unclear; Boko Haram kills because it can
A: | There still isn't a clear picture of what happened at _ and who did the killing -- the age, the motivation, the state of mind of what may have been militants, conscripts or armed and terrified child combatants. |
instruction:
This task is about reading the given passage and the question, return an incorrect answer to the given question.
question:
story: CHAPTER VII. THE DAUGHTER OF WITHERSTEEN
"Lassiter, will you be my rider?" Jane had asked him.
"I reckon so," he had replied.
Few as the words were, Jane knew how infinitely much they implied. She wanted him to take charge of her cattle and horse and ranges, and save them if that were possible. Yet, though she could not have spoken aloud all she meant, she was perfectly honest with herself. Whatever the price to be paid, she must keep Lassiter close to her; she must shield from him the man who had led Milly Erne to Cottonwoods. In her fear she so controlled her mind that she did not whisper this Mormon's name to her own soul, she did not even think it. Besides, beyond this thing she regarded as a sacred obligation thrust upon her, was the need of a helper, of a friend, of a champion in this critical time. If she could rule this gun-man, as Venters had called him, if she could even keep him from shedding blood, what strategy to play his flame and his presence against the game of oppression her churchmen were waging against her? Never would she forget the effect on Tull and his men when Venters shouted Lassiter's name. If she could not wholly control Lassiter, then what she could do might put off the fatal day.
One of her safe racers was a dark bay, and she called him Bells because of the way he struck his iron shoes on the stones. When Jerd led out this slender, beautifully built horse Lassiter suddenly became all eyes. A rider's love of a thoroughbred shone in them. Round and round Bells he walked, plainly weakening all the time in his determination not to take one of Jane's favorite racers. ', question: 'Who asked Lassiter to be their rider?
answer:
gun-man
question:
story: Copenhagen is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. The city has a population of 763,908 (), of whom 601,448 live in the Municipality of Copenhagen. The larger urban area has a population of 1,280,371 (), while the Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. Copenhagen is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.
Originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions, defences and armed forces. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century, the city underwent a period of redevelopment. This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. After further disasters in the early 19th century when Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city, rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen's architecture. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing and businesses along the five urban railway routes stretching out from the city centre.', question: 'What kind of a village was it originally?
answer:
Copenhagen
question:
story: The Oscars ceremony at the 87th Academy Awards took place in Hollywood's 3,300-seat Dolby Theatre in California on Sunday evening(Feb.23, 2015). The night concluded with the biggest award of the evening, Best Picture. After already securing the Best Screenplay and Best Director Award for Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu, Birdman took flight as the winner of the night.
Competing with 7 other contenders including another much-predicted winner "Boyhood", the top prize of the night was finally awarded to the film "Birdman". The director of "Birdman" was also awarded the Best Director Oscar by the Academy. In addition, the film took home two other awards for Best Original Screenplay and Cinematography.
Starring Michael Keaton, the dark comedy "Birdman" tells the story of a faded Hollywood star, famous for his roles as the "Birdman superhero", who struggles to win the support and confidence to perform in a different character type in a Broadway show.
The Academy's Best Leading Actor award went to Eddie Redmayne, for his performance in the film "the Theory of Everything". It was the actor's first nomination and first win.
Meanwhile, the Best Leading Actress award went to Julianne Moore who plays a college professor who learns that she is suffering from early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Patricia Arquette also won her first Oscar for her supporting actress role in the movie "Boyhood", while J.K. Simmons won the Best Supporting Actor in "Whiplash".
Best foreign Language film went to "Ida", while "Crisis Hotline" won the award for Best Documentary Short Subject.', question: 'What type of show does he need the confidence to perform in?
answer:
| Michael Keaton
|
Problem: Given the below context: Lennon first met Yoko Ono on 9 November 1966 at the Indica Gallery in London, where Ono was preparing her conceptual art exhibit. They were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar. Lennon was intrigued by Ono's "Hammer A Nail": patrons hammered a nail into a wooden board, creating the art piece. Although the exhibition had not yet begun, Lennon wanted to hammer a nail into the clean board, but Ono stopped him. Dunbar asked her, "Don't you know who this is? He's a millionaire! He might buy it." Ono had supposedly not heard of the Beatles, but relented on condition that Lennon pay her five shillings, to which Lennon replied, "I'll give you an imaginary five shillings and hammer an imaginary nail in." Ono subsequently related that Lennon had taken a bite out of the apple on display in her work Apple, much to her fury.Ono began to telephone and visit Lennon at his home. When Cynthia asked him for an explanation, Lennon explained that Ono was only trying to obtain money for her "avant-garde bullshit". While his wife was on holiday in Greece in May 1968, Lennon invited Ono to visit. They spent the night recording what would become the Two Virgins album, after which, he said, they "made love at dawn". When Lennon's wife returned home she found Ono wearing her bathrobe and drinking tea with Lennon who simply said, "Oh, hi." Ono became pregnant in 1968 and miscarried a male child on 21 November 1968, a few weeks after Lennon's divorce from Cynthia was granted.Two years before the Beatles disbanded, Lennon and Ono began public protests against the Vietnam War. They were married in Gibraltar on 20 March 1969, and spent their honeymoon at the Hilton Amsterdam, campaigning with a week-long Bed-In for Peace. They planned another Bed-In in the United States but were denied entry, so they held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded "Give Peace a Chance". They often combined advocacy with performance art, as in their "Bagism", first introduced during a Vienna press conference. Lennon... Guess a valid title for it!
A: John Lennon
Problem: Given the below context: The film takes place over a summer by the seaside and follows three girls through a summer that will change their lives. The story is told by Keira St. George, a girl who is trying to decide what to do with her life. She constantly throws away her college letter without reading it, but her father always retrieves it, annoying her more. Her two best friends are Glory Lorraine a beautiful but somewhat bitchy girl obsessed with marriage, and Lisa MacDougall, an awkward, born-again, religious girl who is obsessed with sex. Glory babysits for Keith Clark and his wife, who works the night shift four times a week. Keith is a 32-year-old husband and father, who loves to ride his motorcycle, gamble with friends and smoke pot. One afternoon, Keira talks to Gordon Gruber, who is a bit slow, trying to get information from him about Keith, who has taken Gruber under his wing. Gruber tells Keira about the pot growing in Keith's backyard. That night, Keira and Lisa decide to take some of Keith's pot. While leaving, they hear what sounds like Keith and his wife having sex. Sex crazed Lisa decides to take a closer look. When Kiera joins her, the two discover that Keith isn't with his wife but with Glory! Later that night, Glory arrives at the bonfire. Keira and Lisa tell Glory about seeing her with Keith. Glory defends her actions, saying she loves Keith and he loves her. The next day, while Keira works at the food stand, Glory tells her more about Keith and her relationship with him. Wheels begin to turn in Keira's head, and after debating with herself, she decides to go to Keith's. He thinks she wants to buy pot, but she tells him she will "babysit" too. She convinces him to let her in. He tells her he's married and she's half his age, but it is obvious both are attracted to each other. She leads Keith into the bedroom. Guess a valid title for it!
A: These Girls
Problem: Given the below context: The first film screening in Turkey was at Yıldız Palace in 1896, a year after the technology publicly debuted in Paris. Movie theaters rapidly cropped up in Beyoğlu, with the greatest concentration of theaters being along the street now known as İstiklal Avenue. Istanbul also became the heart of Turkey's nascent film industry, although Turkish films were not consistently developed until the 1950s. Since then, Istanbul has been the most popular location to film Turkish dramas and comedies. The Turkish film industry ramped up in the second half of the century, and with Uzak (2002) and My Father and My Son (2005), both filmed in Istanbul, the nation's movies began to see substantial international success. Istanbul and its picturesque skyline have also served as a backdrop for several foreign films, including From Russia with Love (1963), Topkapi (1964), The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Mission Istaanbul (2008).Coinciding with this cultural reemergence was the establishment of the Istanbul Festival, which began showcasing a variety of art from Turkey and around the world in 1973. From this flagship festival came the International Istanbul Film Festival and the Istanbul International Jazz Festival in the early 1980s. With its focus now solely on music and dance, the Istanbul Festival has been known as the Istanbul International Music Festival since 1994. The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial, held every two years since 1987. Its early incarnations were aimed at showcasing Turkish visual art, and it has since opened to international artists and risen in prestige to join the elite biennales, alongside the Venice Biennale and the São Paulo Art Biennial. Guess a valid title for it!
A: Istanbul
Problem: Given the below context: The Treaty of San Stefano was signed on 3 March 1878 by Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It was to set up an autonomous Bulgarian principality spanning Moesia, Macedonia and Thrace, roughly on the territories of the Second Bulgarian Empire, and this day is now a public holiday called National Liberation Day. The other Great Powers immediately rejected the treaty out of fear that such a large country in the Balkans might threaten their interests. It was superseded by the Treaty of Berlin, signed on 13 July, which provided for a much smaller state only comprising Moesia and the region of Sofia, leaving large populations of ethnic Bulgarians outside the new country. This significantly contributed to Bulgaria's militaristic foreign affairs approach during the first half of the 20th century.The Bulgarian principality won a war against Serbia and incorporated the semi-autonomous Ottoman territory of Eastern Rumelia in 1885, proclaiming itself an independent state on 5 October 1908. In the years following independence, Bulgaria increasingly militarized and was often referred to as "the Balkan Prussia". It became involved in three consecutive conflicts between 1912 and 1918—two Balkan Wars and World War I. After a disastrous defeat in the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria again found itself fighting on the losing side as a result of its alliance with the Central Powers in World War I. Despite fielding more than a quarter of its population in a 1,200,000-strong army and achieving several decisive victories at Doiran and Monastir, the country capitulated in 1918. The war resulted in significant territorial losses and a total of 87,500 soldiers killed. More than 253,000 refugees from the lost territories immigrated to Bulgaria from 1912 to 1929, placing additional strain on the already ruined national economy. Guess a valid title for it!
A: | Bulgaria |
Detailed Instructions: The task is about reading the given story and question, then finding an answer to the given question. Based on the passage provided and the given question, you should identify the shortest continuous text span from the passage that serves as an answer to the given question. Avoid answers that are incorrect or provides incomplete justification for the question.
Problem:story: The Vatican Apostolic Library (), more commonly called the Vatican Library or simply the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. Formally established in 1475, although it is much older, it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.
The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology. The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail.
In March 2014, the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts, to be made available online.
The Vatican Secret Archives were separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century; they contain another 150,000 items.
Scholars have traditionally divided the history of the library into five periods, Pre-Lateran, Lateran, Avignon, Pre-Vatican and Vatican.
The Pre-Lateran period, comprising the initial days of the library, dated from the earliest days of the Church. Only a handful of volumes survive from this period, though some are very significant., question: Can anyone use this library?
Solution: | anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. |
In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.
One example: Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage 1: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
. Passage 2: John Ford (1894–1973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man – often for his brother – Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch.
. Passage 3: Since the late 1970s, the central part of NYU is its Washington Square campus in the heart of Greenwich Village. Despite being public property, and expanding the Fifth Avenue axis into Washington Square Park, the Washington Square Arch is the unofficial symbol of NYU. Until 2008, NYU's commencement ceremony was held in Washington Square Park. However, due to space constraints, ceremonies are now held at the Yankee Stadium. Important facilities at Washington Square are the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, designed by Philip Johnson and Richard Foster, who also designed several other structures, such as Tisch Hall, Meyer Hall, and the Hagop Kevorkian Center. When designing these buildings Johnson and Foster also set up a master plan for a complete redesign of the NYU Washington Square campus. However, it was never implemented. Other historic buildings include the Silver Center (formerly known as "Main building"); the Brown Building of Science; Judson Hall, which houses the King Juan Carlos I of Spain Center; Vanderbilt Hall, the historic townhouse row on Washington Square North; The Grey Art Gallery at 100 Washington Square East, housing the New York University art collection and featuring museum quality exhibitions; the Kaufman Management Center; and the Torch Club – the NYU dining and club facility for alumni, faculty, and administrators. Just a block south of Washington Square is NYU's Washington Square Village, housing graduate students and junior and senior faculty residences in the Silver Towers, designed by I. M. Pei, where an enlargement of Picasso's sculpture Bust of Sylvette (1934) is displayed.
.
Solution is here: 1
Explanation: The question refers to the 704th unit and task about war which is decribed by Passage 1.
Now, solve this: Question: Did any of the three awards that Bolander won multiple times include a cash prize? Passage 1:Six units of the French Foreign Legion participated in the Battle of France: the 11th Foreign Infantry Regiment, the 12th Foreign Infantry Regiment, the Reconnaissance Group of the 97th Infantry Division, the 21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers (21st RMVE), the 22nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers, and the 23rd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers. The 11th REI defended the northern Inor Wood near Verdun from the German offensive early on in the battle until June 11, 1940 when the regiment began a fighting retreat to the south. By June 18, the 11th REI had lost three-fourths of its strength and the regiment withdrew to the south near Toul. The 12th REI was redeployed from its training center in Valbonne on May 11 to defend the Soissons where it arrived on May 24 and eventually began to fortify their positions. The 12 REI first experienced a form of combat for which they were unprepared when on June 5, the town of Soissons was the subject of German strafing from Stukas. By June 8, the 12th REI, in danger of being encircled, received orders to retreat to the south, however the orders did not come soon enough and parts of the 12th REI were surrounded at Soissons; the rest of the 12th REI made their way to Limoges by the signing of Second Armistice at Compiègne on June 25, 1940. By the surrender of France the 12th REI had lost 2,500 of its number. The 21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers was deployed to the Maginot Line when the German offensive began, but was shifted to the north of Verdun by the end of May. The 21st RMVE took heavy losses during an engagement with the Germans on June 8 and 9; the 21st RMVE joined the rest of the French Army in that sector in retreat when the order to retreat was given. At the time of the armistice the 21st RMVE was at Nancy where it was disarmed by German forces. The 22nd Marching Regiment of the Foreign Volunteers left its training depot at Bacarès on May 6 when it was deployed around Alsace. The German offensive forced the 22nd RMVE to be quickly redeployed on the Somme near the village of Marchélepot where it fought a defensive action from May 22 to May 26. On June 5, the 22nd RMVE was preparing to counterattack the Germans at Villers-Carbonnel alongside the 112th Infantry Division when it came under a heavy preemptive attack launched by German forces in the area. The French Forces were able to initially repulse the attack, but later succumbed to the German onslaught; the force of the Foreign Legion acquitted themselves admirably in that engagement.
Passage 2:Originally from the small city of Minden in Webster Parish in northwestern Louisiana, Spiva was the son of Hubert Spiva, Sr. (1899-1939), a former foreign correspondent, and the former Lilla Ellenor Stewart (1906–1959), who married in 1929. They operated the Webster Printing Company and the former The Minden Herald and The Webster Review newspapers, forerunners of the Minden Press-Herald. Lilla Spiva, a scion of a prominent Webster Parish family, was a daughter of Minden attorney Daniel Webster Stewart, Sr. (1857-1935), and his wife, the former Alice Leona Reagan (1871-1954). She was a niece of William Green Stewart, a farmer and a former president of the Webster Parish School Board, for whom the since defunct William G. Stewart Elementary School in Minden is named. Another uncle, E. L. Stewart, was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives at the time of her birth. Known as "Babe", Lilla Spiva managed the papers after her husband's death at the age of forty and was herself publisher and society editor of the Minden Herald and a member of the Louisiana Press Association. On January 23, 1960, the press association posthumously honored her for her journalistic accomplishments. Hubert Spiva is interred at Mount Hope Cemetery in Webb City in Jasper County in southwestern Missouri. Lilla is interred with other Stewart relatives at the historic Minden Cemetery. Spiva's aunt, Lilla's sister, was Mary Amanda Stewart (1903–1994), whom he visited in the Stewart home, later the Farley home, when he returned to his hometown.
Passage 3:Her work, including both short fiction and essays, has been published in venues such as Lightspeed, Uncanny Magazine, and Strange Horizons. Her novelette, "And You Shall Know Her by the Trail of Dead" was a finalist for the 2016 Hugo Award for Best Novelette, the 2015 Nebula Award for Best Novelette, and the 2016 Locus Award for Best Novelette, and was included in The Year’s Best Science Fiction & Fantasy: 2016. Her short story "Our Talons Can Crush Galaxies" was a finalist for the 2016 Nebula Award for Best Short Story and the Hugo Award for Best Short Story. Her novelette, "The Only Harmless Great Thing" won the 2018 Nebula Award for Best Novelette and the 2019 Locus Award for Best Novelette, and was a finalist for the 2019 Hugo Award for Best Novelette .
Solution: | 3 |
In this task, you are given a text which is the body of a document. Your job is to classify the topic of the document into these categories: 1)Company, 2)Educational Institution, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, 5)Office Holder, 6)Mean of transportation, 7)Building, 8)Natural place, 9)Village, 10)Animal, 11)Plant, 12)Album, 13)Film, 14)Written work. Your output should be the category number. Don't generate anything apart from numbers 1-14.
Example input: Text: Abbott of Farnham E D Abbott Limited was a British coachbuilding business based in Farnham Surrey trading under that name from 1929. A major part of their output was under sub-contract to motor vehicle manufacturers. Their business closed in 1972.
Example output: 1
Example explanation: Here, the given text is about a British coachbuilding business company. Hence, it is a correct answer.
Q: Text: Erycina is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae.
A: | 11 |
Problem: OPTIONS:
- while he was famous
- not enough information
- before he became famous
- after he buried bodies
Q: It's often difficult to remember how or why you became friends with someone, especially if you've been friends with a person forever. But because of the very specific set of circumstances, I remember exactly how Barend and I became friends. This, of course, was long before he became famous for inventing the easy-foldable map, and infamous for the series of bodies he'd decided to bury in his backyard. Barend and I became friends because he had one of the most attractive shadows I'd ever seen. I remember gazing out over the playground, watching a waning sun scatter its dying light over the monkey bars, the metal skeleton contrasting against the turquoise sky, when I noticed this kid coming toward me. He was one of those mostly invisible characters; faded jeans, dirty jacket, snot caked on his upper lip. I probably wouldn't have noticed him if not for his shadow. For some reason, his shadow immediately caught my eye. Now, I'm not one for noticing shadows in general, never really noticed a shadow before or since, but this kid had the most incredible shadow I'd ever seen. I cannot even put in words what that means. What specific set of properties make an ordinary shadow into an incredible one, I'm not sure anyone can, but his shadow was like a piece of art; I didn't necessarily understand it, but I liked it. And that's why this boring looking kid and I first became friends. Our kindergarten games were harmless and boring, but when puberty hit, Barend began to change. We were both expected to change, but I guess some kids just change more than others. Bared didn't want to kill at first. Like many overachievers in the death game, his first brush with the craft came about more or less accidentally. All the elements had been in place, with all the players and attributes coming together as if gathered by some evil force, but, even then, I really had to push the kid. Question: Barend and the author became friends: === The answer to the above question is
Answer: before he became famous
Problem: OPTIONS:
- not enough information
- because he's in economics
- because he is famous
- because he's smart
Q: It has become increasingly common for academics to use social media to communicate with wider audiences. Twitter, like many other social platforms, typically measures success in terms of numbers of followers, likes and retweets, but this only tells us something about the spreading of messages but not necessarily whether the content of the messages is understood or embraced. One way to ascertain this is through network and language analysis, which, used together, can tell us how effective the communication is. Economists tweet less, mention fewer people and have fewer conversations with strangers than a comparable group of experts in the sciences, and use less accessible language with words that are more complex, with more abbreviations and with a more distant tone. Their tweets are less personal and less inclusive than those used by scientists. This is what appeared in April 2017 when we gathered data on tens of thousands of tweets from the Twitter accounts of both the top 25 economists and 25 scientists as identified by IDEAS and Science, including the top three economists at the time, Paul Krugman, Joseph Stiglitz, and Erik Brynjolfsson and, on the other side, the top three scientists, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Brian Cox, and Richard Dawkins. At that time those accounts covered roughly two thirds of all the following. The timing is significant because 2016 has been declared the year of post-truth politics, the year in which appeals to emotions (pathos) superseded the significance of factual evidence-based information (logos), affecting people’s constructions and interpretations of events. This has been accompanied by the growing prominence of political “alt” movements (e.g. UKIP, the Alt-right) and their aggressive, provocative, and populist narratives, and “fake news” leading to political shock events such as Brexit and the Trump election. The relatively low traction of economists in these public debates has been and continues to be an important issue. Does the public not trust economists? Don’t they understand... Question: Why was paul analyzed === The answer to the above question is
Answer: because he is famous
Problem: OPTIONS:
- A month
- not enough information
- A day
- A hour
Q: SEOUL — Despite recent tensions over North Korea’s nuclear and missile tests, life is actually quite normal for American military families living at Camp Humphreys in South Korea, which is the largest overseas Army installation in the world. Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Puskas tries to come to most of his daughters’ high school soccer games at Camp Humphreys. In fact, his family’s lifestyle at this sprawling U.S. military base is similar to one they would lead back home. “We go to church on Sundays. We see all our friends there. We’re on the soccer field most of the afternoons, or just going for bike ride, the same things we would do if we were back in the States,” said Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Puskas, with the U.S. Eight Army. This is Puskas’ fourth tour in Korea. He met and married his Korean wife Mi-jung, during an earlier tour. His children have spent much of their lives at military bases in Korea. “I think it has given me a wider world view and has helped me understand other people a lot more,” said Elizabeth Puskas, the eldest daughter of the family who will attend college next year in the United States. The U.S. military in Korea is consolidating its forces in Camp Humphreys, including its military headquarters, as it moves to close older bases in congested Seoul and other regions of the country. Camp Humphreys is now the size of a small city, encompassing over 140 square kilometers of land, with construction underway to expand its capacity to accommodate over 40,000 people. There are modern apartments for soldiers and their families, schools, movie theaters, shopping centers and fast food restaurants to help bring some of the comforts of home to military life in Korea. The base even has its own golf course. “I have been around the army for part of the last 40 years as a soldier and now as a civilian, and this is as normal as any army post I’ve ever been on. In fact it is probably the nicest one I’ve been on because everything is new,” said Bob McElroy, a Camp Humphreys public affairs officer. Question: Puskas's daughter's soccer game probably lasted === The answer to the above question is
Answer: | A hour |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Input: We need to realize that such situations must not be the norm and that these have to change.
Output: | ما باید درک کنیم که چنین رفتارهایی نیمیتوانند عادی باشند و باید تغییر پیدا کنند. |
Ans: Nigeria 's fertile soil
Ques: Context: The coat of arms of Nigeria has a black shield with two white lines that form in a "Y" shape. The black shield represents Nigeria's fertile soil, while the two horses or chargers on each side represent dignity. The eagle represents strength, while the green and white bands on the top of the shield represent the rich soil.
Question: black shield in nigeria coat of arm represent what?
CoT: The relevant information to answer the above question is: The black shield represents Nigeria's fertile soil, while the two horses or chargers on each side represent dignity.
Answer: Greg Eagles. Now, what could be the question and solution-maybe?
Ques: Context: The series is centered around the exploits of Billy (voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz), a dimwitted and happy-go-lucky boy; Mandy (Grey DeLisle), a cynical and merciless girl, and Grim (Greg Eagles), the Grim Reaper who is often tormented by the duo. After cheating at a limbo match against Grim (in retaliation for putting the limbo rod too low for them to go under), he is enslaved in a permanently unwanted friendship with the children. Grim is miserable in the first days of his servitude, and even fantasizes about killing them multiple times. However, as the time passes, he gradually adapts to the new life, and even grows to care for Billy and Mandy, if only somewhat. Despite this, he retains a love-hate relationship with the two and desires to eventually break free from his servitude.
Question: who is the voice of grim from billy and mandy?
CoT: The relevant sentence in the passage is: The series is centered around the exploits of Billy (voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz), a dimwitted and happy-go-lucky boy; Mandy (Grey DeLisle), a cynical and merciless girl, and Grim (Greg Eagles), the Grim Reaper who is often tormented by the duo.
Ans: Shikhar Dhawan
Ques: In an unexpected performance, Pakistan beat India comfortably to win their maiden ICC Champions Trophy, outclassing them across all departments to win by 180 runs, which was the largest margin of victory in the final of an ICC ODI tournament. Pakistan, who were massive underdogs entering as the lowest-ranked team in the competition, became the seventh nation to win the Champions Trophy, and it was their first ICC ODI tournament title since 1992. Fakhar Zaman of Pakistan received the Man of the Match award for scoring a sublime 114. Shikhar Dhawan of India received the Golden Bat award for scoring 338 runs in the tournament while Hasan Ali of Pakistan received the Golden Ball award for taking 13 wickets; he was also adjudged the Man of the Series for his outstanding contribution towards Pakistan's first ICC tournament title since 2009.
Who won golden bat award in 2017 icc champions trophy?
CoT: To answer the question, consider the following: Shikhar Dhawan of India received the Golden Bat award for scoring 338 runs in the tournament while Hasan Ali of Pakistan received the Golden Ball award for taking 13 wickets; he was also adjudged the Man of the Series for his outstanding contribution towards Pakistan's first ICC tournament title since 2009.
Ans: near Yalta in Crimea , Soviet Union within the Livadia , Yusupov , and Vorontsov Palaces
Ques: The Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from 4 to 11 February, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Germany and Europe's postwar reorganization. The three states were represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin, respectively. The conference convened near Yalta in Crimea, Soviet Union within the Livadia, Yusupov, and Vorontsov Palaces.
Where was the location of the yalta conference in 1945?
CoT: To answer this question, we should know that: The conference convened near Yalta in Crimea, Soviet Union within the Livadia, Yusupov, and Vorontsov Palaces.
Answer: Constantine `` DC '' Abramson. Now, what could be the question and solution-maybe?
Ques: Choo Choo Soul is a children's entertainment act composed of Genevieve Goings and her partner Constantine "DC" Abramson, a dancer and beat boxer dressed as a railroad engineer.
Answer this question based on the passage: who plays the conductor in choo choo soul?
CoT: The important part for answering this question is: Choo Choo Soul is a children's entertainment act composed of Genevieve Goings and her partner Constantine "DC" Abramson, a dancer and beat boxer dressed as a railroad engineer.
Ans: S. Truett Cathy
| Ques: Context: The chain's origin can be traced to the Dwarf Grill (now the Dwarf House), a restaurant opened by S. Truett Cathy, the chain's former chairman and CEO, in 1946. The restaurant is located in Hapeville, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta, and is near the location of the now-demolished Ford Motor Company Atlanta Assembly Plant, for many years a source of many of the restaurant's patrons.
Question: who was the founder of chick fil a?
CoT: To answer this question, we should know that: The chain's origin can be traced to the Dwarf Grill (now the Dwarf House), a restaurant opened by S. Truett Cathy, the chain's former chairman and CEO, in 1946. |
Instructions: Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. To make it more interesting, try to use non-stereotypical language if possible. Make sure your correct answer is reasonably long, consistent with the context, and requires common sense (instead of explicit extraction from the context.) In your answer, use as few words as possible from the given context. Use a response that is uncommon/non-stereotypical, so that it is less predictable. To be less repetitive, please vary your language for each question.
Input: Context: Have you ever felt like you were locked in somewhere and could n't get out but there were clearly 5 or more Exit doors right in front of you ? Well I have been feeling like this for a lil while now and I am unsure of what to do . I have just been rolling wiht the flow .
Question: Why are they feeling this way ?
Output: | Because they feel trapped . |
Instructions: In this task, you're given an article, a question which often contains a blank and four options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"). Your task is to find the correct answer (from the given options) for the question from the given article and return one of the options from "A", "B", "C", and "D". Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: "A", "B", "C", "D". There is only one correct answer for each question.
Input: Article: She was returning from teaching out in a small community . It was a moonless night, and a heavy snow was falling. She remembered back to when she had first started teaching out in small communities. In those days she had always picked up hitchhikers , until the day her sister told her of a friend who had been shot in the head by a hitchhiker, all because she had stopped out of kindness to help him during a storm. Her family didn't become concerned about her safety over the hitchhikers until the family heard the promise: "No more hitchhikers!" The snow that night was making her think back to this. Then she saw a man waving. She slowed down for him, but now as he ran toward the car in the dark she shook with fear. Yet she thought that if he was truly in need she couldn't leave him here in this storm. The stranger explained that his car was dead, and she told him to get in. They drove for an hour into the next city and she took him to a telephone booth . She waited until he had made a call. When he reported back to her that a family member would soon come for him, she wished him well and left. _ "I hope they'll understand why I had to break my promise," she thought.
Question: What can we learn about the woman?
Options: (A) She was a taxi driver. (B) She used to be a hitchhiker. (C) She taught in small communities. (D) She seldom picked up strangers.
Output: | C |
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a
. You have to answer the question based on the context.
Input: The observed performance of both the BasicDCGAN and MultitaskDCGAN using 3-classes is comparable to the state-of-the-art, with 49.80% compared to 49.99% reported in BIBREF16
Question: What model achieves state of the art performance on this task?
Output: | BIBREF16 |
Definition: In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Input: Following the end of the period of Greek influence, what major ancient power took control of Egypt?, Context: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.
Output: | Roman Empire |
Answer the question from the given passage. Your answer should be directly extracted from the passage, and it should be a single entity, name, or number, not a sentence.
Example input: Passage: Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels. Suddenly, and while I was occupied with far different thoughts, he wrote to Wenceslaus Link, “the Lord has plunged me into marriage. At the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old. Question: In a letter who did Luther credit for his union with Katharina?
Example output: the Lord
Example explanation: The paragraph clearly states that, Luther has credited the Lord for his union with Katharina, hence the Lord is correct answer.
Q: Passage: Orientalism, as theorized by Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East. This imaginative geography relies on an essentializing discourse that represents neither the diversity nor the social reality of the East. Rather, by essentializing the East, this discourse uses the idea of place-based identities to create difference and distance between 'we' the West and 'them' the East, or 'here' in the West and 'there' in the East. This difference was particularly apparent in textual and visual works of early European studies of the Orient that positioned the East as irrational and backward in opposition to the rational and progressive West. Defining the East as a negative vision of itself, as its inferior, not only increased the West’s sense of self, but also was a way of ordering the East and making it known to the West so that it could be dominated and controlled. The discourse of Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism, as it formed a body of knowledge and ideas that rationalized social, cultural, political, and economic control of other territories. Question: What was used by the West to justify control over eastern territories?
A: | Orientalism |
input: Please answer the following: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: Where would one obtain a higher learning degree? Context: Mahayana Buddhism flourished in India from the 5th century CE onwards, during the dynasty of the Guptas. Mahāyāna centres of learning were established, the most important one being the Nālandā University in north-eastern India.
++++++++++
output: Nālandā University
Please answer this: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: what opened the era of antibacterials? Context: The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect against Gram-positive cocci, but not against enterobacteria. Research was stimulated apace by its success. The discovery and development of this sulfonamide drug opened the era of antibacterials.
++++++++
Answer: Prontosil
Problem: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: How many people consider themselves to be devout in their faith? Context: Christianity is the most widely practised religion in Galicia, as it has been since its introduction in Late Antiquity, although it lived alongside the old Gallaeci religion for a few centuries. Today about 73% of Galicians identify themselves as Christians. The largest form of Christianity practised in the present day is Catholicism, though only 20% of the population described themselves as active members. The Catholic Church in Galicia has had its primatial seat in Santiago de Compostela since the 12th century.
A: 20%
Problem: Given the question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What is the earlier range of the older songs? Context: The "soft" AC format has reinvented in the late 2000s/early 2010s as a result of its declining relevance, adopting a more upmarket, middle-of-the-road approach, with a selection of "oldies" (usually from the 1960s/70s onwards), primarily rock, jazz, R&B and pop music. Newer songs are more often (but not limited to) "easy listening" fare, this amount varying depending on the age of the station's target demographic.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
1960s
input question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What did LEED provide to the movement? Context: Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in Passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright, in the 1960s by Buckminster Fuller and in the 1970s by architects such as Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn in the US and Brenda and Robert Vale in the UK and New Zealand. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques. The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.???
output answer: rating system
input question: Extract the answer to the question from the following context. Question: What does the paper say about the brain? Context: The problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two "temporal series". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming, or the moving Now, is called the A-series. The A-series orders events according to their being in the past, present or future, simpliciter and in comparison to each other. The B-series eliminates all reference to the present, and the associated temporal modalities of past and future, and orders all events by the temporal relations earlier than and later than.???
output answer: | The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming, or the moving Now |
In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage which has extra information available on certain terms mentioned in it. Your job is to determine which sentence(s) from the passage can be used to search for further information needed to answer the question.
Example: Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.
Example solution: During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen.
Example explanation: The passage describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden.
Problem: Question: Frossi was born in what country? Passage:Born in Muzzana del Turgnano, Frossi began his career as a professional footballer with Udinese, and, after a long stay in Serie B (with Padova, Bari, and L’Aquila), he was acquired by Ambrosiana Inter, where he made his debut on 21 June 1936, in Mitropa Cup. After that, Frossi was called up for the 1936 Summer Olympics by Vittorio Pozzo, the coach of the Italian national side, leading the team to the victory of the tournament with his prolific performances. In the following years, Frossi played with Inter from 1936 until 1942, winning the “Scudetto” or league championship, twice in 1938 and 1940, as well as the Coppa Italia in 1939. He scored 49 goals in 147 matches with Inter, 40 of which came in the league, in 125 appearances. During World War II, he later also played with Pro Patria between 1942 and 1943, and Como in 1945, before retiring.
| Solution: Born in Muzzana del Turgnano, Frossi began his career as a professional footballer with Udinese, and, after a long stay in Serie B (with Padova, Bari, and L’Aquila), he was acquired by Ambrosiana Inter, where he made his debut on 21 June 1936, in Mitropa Cup |
Definition: Answer the question from the given passage. Your answer should be directly extracted from the passage, and it should be a single entity, name, or number, not a sentence.
Input: Passage: Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: 'public' (state-controlled) and 'independent' (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].) Question: In what year was the South African Schools Act passed?
Output: | 1996 |
In this task, given a sentence in the English language, your task is to convert it into the Vietnamese language.
Example input: The Ukrainian foreign ministry said a Ukrainian woman had been killed and the Romanian foreign ministry said a 41-year-old Romanian woman was amongst the dead.
Example output: Bộ Ngoại giao Ukraine cho biết một phụ nữ người Ukraine đã bị thiệt mạng và Bộ ngoại giao Rumani cho biết có một phụ nữ Rumani 41 tuổi trong số các nạn nhân tử vong.
Example explanation: The above sentence is correctly translated from English to Vietnamese.
Q: The company is planning to develop an extraction project and an upgrading facility.
A: | Công ty đang có kế hoạch phát triển dự án khai thác và một cơ sở nâng cấp. |
Definition: A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Urdu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Input: Once again I congratulate the state government for completing one year and to the people of the state and especially the youth of the state for these projects of development.
Output: | ایک بار پھر میں ریاستی حکومت کو ایک برس مکمل کرنے کی، ریاست کے عوام کو خصوصاً یہاں کے نوجوانوں کو نمو کی ان اسکیموں کیلئے میں بہت بہت مبارکباد پیش کرتا ہوں۔ |
Come up with a question and stream of consciousness reasoning that would justify this answer: yes | The question is: Is the following statement true?
"Ducks are able to float in water."
Stream of consciousness: All ducks are water fowl and are able to float.
|
input: Please answer the following: Given the following context: Andrew Larabee teaches at a school run by his headmaster father Matthew, a traditional man who disapproves of his son's unconventional methods despite their popularity with the students. Andrew's special interest is archaeology, and he hopes to earn his father's respect through this field of study. During the school holidays, Andrew bicycles to ancient ruins in Sussex where he believes a statue of Pan (which had been left behind by a Roman legion) can be found. Such a discovery would enable him to publish and subsequently wed Letitia Fairchild, his fiancée of five years, who insists he earn a promotion before she marries him. At the site he encounters the Gallini family traveling circus, which has been ordered to pack up and leave by the local police since the land is now property of dairy farmer Lord Elmwood. The five Gallini brothers and their cousin Selena mistake Andrew for a contractor, and when he tells them he doesn't mind if they remain, the Gallinis halt their "pulling up stakes". Lord Elmwood arrives and threatens to remove both Andrew and the circus, but Andrew realizes he's a former fellow Oxford University student with a checkered romantic past. Chastened by Andrew's subtle threat of blackmail, Lord Elmwood agrees to give Andrew and the Gallinis a week before he starts construction on the land. answer the following question: Where does Andrew meet the Gallini family traveling circus?
++++++++++
output: ancient ruins in Sussex
input: Please answer the following: Given the following context: Alan Dudley Bush (22 December 1900 – 31 October 1995) was a British composer, pianist, conductor, teacher and political activist. A committed communist, his uncompromising political beliefs were often reflected in his music. He composed prolifically across a range of genres, but struggled through his lifetime for recognition from the British musical establishment, which largely ignored his works. Bush, from a prosperous middle-class background, enjoyed considerable success as a student at the Royal Academy of Music (RAM) in the early 1920s, and spent much of that decade furthering his compositional and piano-playing skills under distinguished tutors. A two-year period in Berlin in 1929 to 1931, early in the Nazi Party's rise to power, cemented Bush's political convictions and moved him from the mainstream Labour Party to the Communist Party of Great Britain which he joined in 1935. He wrote several large-scale works in the 1930s, and was heavily involved with workers' choirs for whom he composed pageants, choruses and songs. His pro-Soviet stance led to a temporary ban on his music by the BBC in the early years of the Second World War, and his refusal to modify his position in the postwar Cold War era led to a more prolonged semi-ostracism of his music. As a result, the four major operas he wrote between 1950 and 1970 were all premiered in East Germany. In his prewar works, Bush's style retained what commentators have described as an essential Englishness, but was also influenced by the avant-garde European idioms of the inter-war years. During and after the war he began to simplify this style, in line with his Marxism-inspired belief that music should be accessible to the mass of the people. Despite the difficulties he encountered in getting his works performed in the West he continued to compose until well into his eighties. He taught composition at the RAM for more than 50 years, published two books, was the founder and long-time president of the Workers' Music Association, and served as chairman and... answer the following question: What is the last name of the person whose refusal to modify his position in the postwar Cold War era led to a more prolonged semi-ostracism of his music?
++++++++++
output: Bush
input: Please answer the following: Given the following context: Morello and Cornell initially disagreed over the particulars of Cornell quitting the group, with Morello claiming that Cornell did not communicate directly with him about leaving, while Cornell countered: "Tom and I did have communications about the fact that I was gonna go make a record, and that I was tired of what ended up seeming like political negotiations toward how we were gonna do Audioslave business and getting nowhere with it." He also added that this process of "doing Audioslave business" led him to go solo. Cornell has said that the breakup was not about money, but that he was just not getting along with the other members during their later years. Said Cornell, "Getting along as people is one thing. Getting along as a group of people that can work together in a band situation...We weren't particularly getting along well, no. Bands work in a way where everyone at some point has to have a similar idea of how you do things...Three albums into it, it started to seem like our interests weren't as conjoined anymore."In 2011, Cornell revealed further information about the band's breakup; "Personally a lot of it was me trying to land on my feet again. I went through a lot of personal turmoil right around the time Audioslave formed and unfortunately I think that affected the band a little bit in terms of me not really being grounded.... I think there was stuff that could have been resolved, and there was drama that was probably unnecessary, typical rock band stuff. I certainly played a role in it. I definitely feel like I was part of a lot of unnecessary stuff. It didn't need to become what it became. You learn with experience."In 2012, Tom Morello said that unreleased material that was not on the three albums could be released in the future at an unspecified point. Chris Cornell and Tom Morello shared the stage together for the first time in seven years, among many musicians, at the 2013 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame concert. Cornell also joined Morello on stage on September 26, 2014, guesting on his solo... answer the following question: What is the full name of the person who was trying to land on their feet again?
++++++++++
output: | Chris Cornell |
In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Q: Ah yes
A: | آه، بله |
In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of the quantity of a particular object and are supposed to find out the answer for a given question. Craft one correct answer to the question given in input. Make sure your correct answer is consistent with the context, and properly gives the exact number relating to the query.
In your answer, use as few words as possible from the given context. To be less repetitive, please vary your language for each question.
One example is below.
Q: Sentence: The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.
Question: How many people identify as gay or bisexual in NYC?
A: 568,903
Rationale: There are total 568903 individuals who identify as gay or bisexual.
Q: Sentence: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuring Jay Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second international single "Irreplaceable" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).
Question: How many countries did her song "Irreplaceable" get number one status in?
A: | five |
Definition: Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Input: "I assure you that we don't want bags of cash " Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin testified on Tuesday during an appearance before the House Financial Services Committee. "We want to make sure that we can collect our necessary taxes and other things."
Last week a top Treasury official wrote in a letter to lawmakers that the department is "consulting with law enforcement" about whether to maintain the guidance for depository institutions. Last month a Mnuchin deputy testified at a Senate hearing that the banking document remains in effect while the administration weighs whether to revoke it.
At the Tuesday hearing Mnuchin confirmed that the department is "reviewing the existing guidance." But he clarified that he doesn't want to rescind it without having an alternate policy in place to address public safety concerns.
Rep. Brad Sherman (D-CA) told Mnuchin that simply deleting the banking memo "would really make it better for armed robbers in my community because there'd be huge amounts of cash at the local marijuana dispensary."
"We specifically haven't taken it down " Mnuchin said of the 2014 memo. "We are looking at what Justice has done. And again as I said we're sensitive to the issue of dealing with the public safety issue and also making sure that the IRS and others have ways of collecting taxes without taking in cash."
In response to comments about pending congressional legislation to address cannabis businesses' access to financial services Mnuchin pledged to consult with White House Office of Management and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney who as a member of Congress previously sponsored a similar bill.
During the hearing Mnuchin also appeared to confirm a Reuters report that FinCEN was not consulted in advance about Sessionsâs decision to change federal marijuana enforcement policy.
Output: | Trump Treasury Secretary Wants Marijuana Money In Banks |
Question: Read the following paragraph and extract the answer for the question: Who is the hit man's boss? In contemporary wartime San Francisco, chemist and blackmailer Albert Baker is killed by hit man Philip Raven, who recovers a stolen chemical formula. Raven is double-crossed by his employer, Willard Gates who pays him with marked bills and reports them to the Los Angeles Police Department as stolen from his company, Nitro Chemical Corporation of Los Angeles. Raven learns of the setup and decides to get revenge. LAPD detective lieutenant Michael Crane, who is vacationing in San Francisco to visit his girlfriend, nightclub singer Ellen Graham, is immediately assigned the case. He goes after Raven, but the assassin eludes him. Meanwhile, Gates hires Ellen to work in his LA nightclub after an audition where she sings and performs magic tricks. Then she is taken to a clandestine meeting with Senator Burnett, where she learns that Gates and Nitro Chemical are under investigation as suspected traitors, and is recruited to spy on Gates. Unknown to each other, she and Gates board a train for Los Angeles, followed by Raven. By chance, Raven and Ellen sit next to each other. The next morning, Gates is alarmed when he sees them asleep with Raven's head on her shoulder. He wires ahead to alert the police, but Raven forces Ellen at gunpoint to help him elude them again. He is about to kill her but is interrupted by workmen, allowing Ellen to flee. From Gates's club, she tries to contact Crane, but he has left San Francisco to return to LA.
Answer: | Willard Gates |
Choices:
(A). light.
(B). Cells.
(C). Spears.
(D). element.
Q: Answer the following question given this paragraph: An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into any other substances. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. Q: What is a pure substance that cannot be separated into any other substances called? A:
A: | (D). |
(Question)
Monte Naranco is a mountain in Oviedo Spain. The church Santa María del Naranco is situated on its slopes. It is also known as the finish for the bicycle races Subida al Naranco and Vuelta a España. Given a list of categories: company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, what category does the paragraph belong to?
(Answer)
Natural Place
(Question)
Saint Gregory’s School is a private boys elementary school in Loudonville New York a suburb of Albany New York. It is based on Roman Catholic tradition and was founded in 1962. Saint Gregory’s accepts boys and girls aged 3 to 6 in its Nursery through Kindergarten program while grades 1 through 8 are all-boys. Given a list of categories: company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, what category does the paragraph belong to?
(Answer)
Educational Institution
(Question)
Sulpicio Lines is the common name of Philippine Span Asia Carrier Corporation a shipping line in the Philippines. Sulpicio Lines' operations was halted by the Maritime Industry Authority of the Government of the Philippines following the sinking of the MV Princess of the Stars in 2008. Given a list of categories: company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, what category does the paragraph belong to?
(Answer)
| Company |
Ques: Hi, I'm Liu Ying. This is my school. It's big and beautiful. There are twenty classes. There are nine hundred students in my school. There are four beautiful gardens in it. There is a building in my school. On the first floor, there are two offices and a hall. There are six classrooms on the first floor, too. On the second floor, there are fourteen classrooms. There are two toilets on the second floor. There is a big library and some reading rooms in my school, too. Are there any classrooms on the first floor? A) Yes, there are B) There is one C) No, there aren't D) Only two
Ans: A
Ques: Welcome to the Little Rock Zoo! The little Rock Zoo is open every day of the week, all year round, EXCEPT Thanksgiving, Christmas Day and New Year`s Day. Opening Hours: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, and the last admission is at 4:00 pm. Admission price: Adults: $10 Children( 12 and under) : $8 ( only children 12 months of age are admitted free.) Cafe: Currently open every day from 9:30 am -4:00 pm Opening hours may change according to the weather and special hours. Zoo Train: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday :9:00 am--4:00 pm Friday, Saturday, Sunday , : 9:30 am--4:00 pm Run every half an hour The Little Rock Zoo is closed on _ . A) Halloween B) Valentine`s Day C) Labor Day D) Thanksgiving
Ans: D
Ques: Mr. White works in an office. He liked reading in bed when he was at school. It was bad for his eyes and now he is near-sighted. But he wouldn't want anybody else to know about it and he never wears a pair of glasses. It often brings him some trouble. One winter morning he was sent to a village school on business. He got off a bus at a stop in a small town. Then he had to walk there. The road to the village wasn't smooth. There were stones here and there. He fell over several times and it made his clothes very duty. At last he got to the village. Suddenly it began to blow strongly and it got much colder. His hat was blown off while he was looking for the school. He had to run after it but he couldn't catch it. He was wondering why his hat ran into a house as if it had legs. And then he ran into the house, too. A big woman appeared and stopped him by shouting angrily, " What are you running after my hen for?" According to the passage, which of the following is true? A) Mr. White wears a pair of glasses. B) Mr. White works in a village school. C) Mr. White likes reading in bed in his office. D) Mr. White often has some trouble because of his near sight.
Ans: D
Ques: On sunny days we can see the sun in the sky. It looks like a hot and bright plate. But it is a ball. It is much bigger and hotter than any fire. And it is much brighter than all the lights in the world. The sun is a star but it looks much bigger and brighter than any other star. Many stars are much bigger than the sun. The sun is much nearer to us, so it looks much bigger. At night we can see the moon and many stars. The moon is a round ball. It is much smaller than the stars. The stars are much farther away from us; so thy look much smaller than the moon. The moon has no light of its own. When the sun shines on it, it looks bright. When the moon is full. It looks very beautiful. Which one is not right? A) The sun looks like a bright plate. B) Many stars are bigger than the sun. C) The moon is smaller than the stars. D) The moon has light of it's own.
Ans: | D |
Subsets and Splits