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Instructions: The given sentence contains a typo which could be one of the following four types: (1) swapped letters of a word e.g. 'niec' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (2) missing letter in a word e.g. 'nic' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (3) extra letter in a word e.g. 'nicce' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (4) replaced letter in a word e.g 'nicr' is a typo of the word 'nice'. You need to identify the typo in the given sentence. To do this, answer with the word containing the typo.
Input: a choild is standing outside in the grass
Output: | choild |
Answer the following question: Given the following passage "Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, and had been the world's largest city aggregately for hundreds of years, enjoyed peace and prosperity and beared wars and disasters. Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period (211-280); the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern Dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317-589; the Southern Tang, one of the Ten Kingdoms (937-76); the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368-1421); and the Republic of China (1927–37, 1945–49) prior to its flight to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War. The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and suffered appalling atrocities in both conflicts, including the Nanjing Massacre. It has been serving as the capital city of Jiangsu province after the China was established, and is still the nominal capital of Republic of China that accommodates many of its important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Art Museum.", answer the following question. Note that the answer is present within the text. Question: Where was the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom rebellion centered?
Answer: | Nanjing |
Detailed Instructions: You are given a sentence in Galician. Your job is to translate the Galician sentence into Polish.
Q: Moitas grazas.
A: | Dziękuję serdecznie. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for the answer based on the given article.
Problem:Article: Reading is good for you. There is increasing evidence to show that reading isn't merely a way of improving literacy and knowledge, but that it might actually be good for one's mental and physical health, too. In the age of Twitter and short attention spans, reading novels, which requires intense concentration over a long period of time, could be the antidote . Neuroscientists Baroness Susan Greenfield says that reading helps to lengthen attention spans in children and improve their ability to think clearly. "Stories have a structure that encourages our brain to think in sequence, to link cause, effect and significance," she says "It is essential to learn this skill as a small child." "In a computer game, you might rescue a princess, but you don't care about her, you just want to win," she explains, "But a princess in a book has a past, present and future. You can relate to her. You see the world through her eyes" According to professor John Stein, Oxford university, reading is far from a passive activity. "Reading exercises the whole brain," he explains. " When we get lost in a good book, we are doing more than following a story, Imaging what is happening is as good as activating the brain as doing it. In other words, our brains simulate real experiences, and it is just as if we were experiencing them ourselves. This doesn't happen when we are watching a TV or playing computer games." Getting stuck in a good novel appears to be good for one's mental health. Reading helps one not only fights loneliness, but also forget one's own problems for a while. Researchers found that just six minutes of reading could reduce stress levels by more than two-thirds, more than listening to music or going out for a walk. The concentration required to read distracts the mind, easing muscle's tension and slowing the heart rate. Reading may be good for physical health, too, by preventing brain aging and disease.
Answer: It can help lengthen one's attention span.
Solution: | Which of the following statement is true about playing computer games? |
Q: In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2. Your job is to determine if the two sentences clearly agree/disagree with each other, or if this can't be determined. Indicate your answer as yes or no respectively.
Sentence 1: 'Of course. Sentence 2: It was obviously so.
A: | yes |
Definition: Write the right answer to the question based on the context passage.
Input: I was about 14 and lived near a large tract of undeveloped land where people would go and park to fool around.
There was a dirt road through the tract, but further down, it crossed two huge concrete pipes. The dirt was washed out between them, and the deep gulch made it impossible to cross in a car.
Sometimes, eight or ten of us would go looking for parked cars. If we found one or more, we would go move this incredibly heavy stump onto the road and lay a telephone pole across it. It took all of us and it was incredibly heavy.
It was impossible to drive around it because of the ditches and there was no way two or three people could move it.
We'd go back to the car and set off a big string of fire crackers or shake the cat and slap on it and run like crazy.
We'd watch from the woods as they drove like heck and come to a screeching stop at our roadblock.
The guy would get out and try to lift the pole. Never happen. Then the car would drive the other way. That wouldn't happen because of the pipes.
We'd go home leaving them in there. This was before cell phones, and it was miles to a pay phone. We'd go back the next day and find the stump and pole moved.
We thought it was real funny until one night we set it up and beat on the trunk of a car. A couple was inside, getting it on. We hadn't noticed a guy sitting on the hood with a bottle of booze and a pistol.
As we ran, he was shooting and we could hear bullets going through the underbrush. No one was hit, thank goodness.
That was the end of that stunt. Question: Who shot the gun?
Output: | The man who the pranksters knocked on his trunk |
The input is a tweet which can be Hate Speech or Offensive. Given such a tweet, output a phrase from the tweet that makes it hate speech or offensive. The output should contain only one such phrase. The output has to be from within the tweet itself. Do not generate words or phrases not present in the tweet.
Example input: you are a dumb spic that can not spell spaniard
Example output: dumb spic
Example explanation: The phrase from the tweet addresses a Spanish speaking person from the Caribbean in an offensive way.
Q: so now that isis is defeated all the sand niggers can go home and stop raping and murdering their way through western countries right
A: | all the sand niggers can go home and stop raping and murdering their way through western countries |
A text is given in Malayalam. Translate it from the Malayalam language to the Panjabi language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Example input: ਪੱਛਮ ਤੋਂ ਪੂਰਬ ਤੱਕ ਊਰਜਾ ਖਪਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਆਈ ਹੈ।
Example output: പടിഞ്ഞാറ് നിന്ന് കിഴക്കോട്ട് energy ർജ്ജ ഉപഭോഗത്തിൽ മാറ്റം വരുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.
Example explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'There has been a change in energy consumption from the west to east.' which is the same as the output sentence.
Q: ਅਤੇ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ, ਸਾਡੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਮਿਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਸਿਹਤ ਅਤੇ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਸੂਖਮ ਕਰਜ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਬੀਮਾ ਨੂੰ ਅਪਣਾ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ।
A: | ഒപ്പം തന്നെ അവര് രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ സാമൂഹ്യ ദൗത്യങ്ങളേയും പുണരുന്നുണ്ട് - ആരോഗ്യവും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസവും മുതല് മൈക്രോ ക്രെഡിറ്റും ഇന്ഷുറന്സും വരെ. |
Q: Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.
Context: RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease, also known as RMRP, is a human gene.
Question: What species is RMRP specific to?
A: | human |
Complete this sentence: we 're here to save you ! '' `` meilin ? '' abeke 's startled voice came from inside the trunk . `` is that you ? '' `` and rollan is here too , '' rollan said indignantly . `` i did n't think anyone would find me ! '' abeke cried , her voice muffled . `` i managed to knot my bracelet onto kunaya , but i ran out of cord before i could spell out where - '' `` great story , '' said
Answer: rollan
Complete this sentence: from her tone of voice , philip realized he 'd managed to offend her , which he regretted . yesterday 's conversation with gene had made him understand that she was a blessing in his life . a gift . a gift he wanted to accept ... `` carrie , i 'm sorry . i spoke out of turn . '' `` is that what you really think of us ,
Answer: philip
Complete this sentence: `` it 's a trap , '' i said , squeezing trevor 's gloved hand . `` i 'll show up and the police will be waiting with handcuffs ! '' students stared at creepy man as he walked creepily toward the front doors , glancing around as he left . he was looking for us . `` he 's taking the evidence with him , and that evidence is worth two hundred dollars , '' i whispered to
Answer: trevor
Complete this sentence: they got up from the fireside , stretching and yawning , and walked away into the wood , in ones and twos and threes , until only october and his neighbor remained . `` your turn in the chair next time , '' said october . `` i know , '' said november . he was pale and thin lipped . he helped october out of the wooden chair . `` i like your stories . mine are always too dark . '' `` i do n't think so , '' said
Answer: | october |
Question: Given the fact that: The particles in matter are always moving. The more energy they have, the faster they move. Answer the question: When a child has a lot of energy they will move around slower or faster?
Answer: | faster |
Question: Benedykt Ossolinsky, age 39, began to grow childish. On the first day of his midlife crisis, he stood in front of the mirror examining his receding hairline and wrinkles on his face. In that very moment, while staring at his reflection he found in his eyes that mad look he had last seen thirty years ago in a photograph taken at a tethered flying model competition. The photo was taken by Henryk the servant, when his little charge decided he wanted a red biplane model Curtiss Consolidated Skyhawk Cruisader 3A "Bingo Star". This new look was also noticed by his co-workers, who for the most part, considered him to be an infantile spoiled brat. It fit with their idea of a boss. And Benedykt was indeed the boss, even though he himself couldn't quite believe it. He was the head of a foundation for the self-promotion of the Ossolinsky family, well-known descendants of Polish-American aristocrats, engaged in business ventures there, and charity work here. The position was highly honorable and very prestigious. Just as the employees didn't like Benedykt, in equal measure Benedykt didn't like his job. He considered it extremely stressful and felt it forced him to super-human sacrifices. Everything was arranged by the family as a penance for avoiding work. He had to go to the office at least three times a week for two full hours and entertain various smiling journalists, drink coffee with them and listen. He had to sign letters and open gifts from various companies hoping to win favors. And he had to play golf and attend social functions, movie premiers, shows and art exhibits. The family had only planned for three months of vacation time a year. Scandal! As a sign of protest he took to coming to the office wearing a t-shirt with the slogan "Attention, Baby!" on it. Is Benedykt popular among his employees? - Yes, they like him because he can play golf - No, they hate him - not enough information - Yes, they love him because he's a good leader
Answer: | No, they hate him |
Question: Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: Joan is an American girl. She lives in China now. She is in my class. Her parents work in China, too, but her brother works in the U.S.A. He often writes letters to them. Joan likes Chinese class very much, and likes speaking Chinese with us after class. Her father teaches us English well. We all like his class. Her mother is a nurse. On Sundays, Joan goes to the People's Park with her father and mother. Sometimes she goes shopping with her mother. They like the Chinese food very much. It's a happy family. Question: How often does Joan go to the shop? - Often. - Never. - Every Sunday. - Sometimes.
Answer: | Sometimes. |
This task involves asking a question, providing a set of 2 options. You are expected to choose the best answer to the question. The output will be in the form of A or B, corresponding to which option is chosen.
Question:What country does Waterford crystal come from? , Options: [A.Ireland B.Nigeria] | A |
In this task, we ask you to write an answer to a question about when an event happened. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M). Note that a lot of the questions could have more than one correct answer. We only need a single most-likely answer. Please try to keep your "answer" as simple as possible. Concise and simple "answer" is preferred over those complex and verbose ones.
Let me give you an example: Sentence: Jack played basketball after school, after which he was very tired.
Question: When did Jack play basketball?
The answer to this example can be: 4 PM.
Here is why: This event likely happened between 3PM to 8PM. This is a good answer.
OK. solve this:
Sentence: Then others were called on, and gave examples of their accomplishments in easy arithmetic and spelling.
Question: What time was it when they were sharing their accomplishments?
Answer: | 1 pm on thursday. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Hindi language and your task is to convert it into the English language. In translation, keep numbers as it is and make it sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun).
Q: यह मुख्य रूप से अमेरिकी सैनिकों द्वारा उपयोग किया जाता है जो अफगान सुरक्षा बलों को प्रशिक्षित करते हैं।
A: | This is mainly used by American troops which train Afghan security forces. |
Teacher:Write the right answer to the question based on the context passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Kurt Vonnegut, writer and famous speech giver at US university graduation ceremonies, made this point to one group of soon-to-be-non-students: If this isn't nice, I don't know what is.
It is the end of a story about his grandpa who, on a summer's afternoon, would find the shade of a tree under which he could rest with a glass of homemade lemonade. The family didn't have a lot of cash, the grandpa worked hard every day of his life, but no matter how relentless the day-to-day was, he would always repeat this phrase as a reminder to those around him that, at the end of the day, this is all still amazing to be part of.
This kind of optimism, as you might call it, can often disappear in a flash in the busy-ness of business or school. Things become impossible, hardgoing, relentless(ly difficult). And the reasons we give for that busyness nearly always involve someone or something else - the system, the job, the weather...
For many years, people would ask the salutary "how are you?" and my answer was a stock one: "I'm tired."
It was my wife who pointed it out to me, presumably because everyone else was too polite to express their boredom with my reply. The fact is, most people feel tired most of the time, until they make a switch in their life. That switch is deciding that the only person who can turn that frown upside down, who can make crazy stuff happen (or attempt to, and enjoy the process), is you. And in Vonnegut's case, that switch came from saying out loud the one phrase that brings us back to the good elements in what we or our team or our family is doing at any given moment: If this isn't nice, I don't know what is. Question: Who did Kurt Vonnegut tell a story about to soon-to-be-non-students?
Student: | his grandpa |
In this task you will be given a question and a passage. You need to determine if the answer to the question is contained in the passage. If the answer can be found in the passage you should output 'True'. If the answer cannot be found in the passage you should output 'False'.
Example: Passage: 'The size of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns that it contains. A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m × n matrix or m-by-n matrix, while m and n are called its dimensions. For example, the matrix A above is a 3 × 2 matrix.'. Question: 'who came up with eating turkey on thanksgiving'.
Example solution: False
Example explanation: The passage does not mention anything about Thanksgiving turkeys so the passage does not answer the question. The output is 'False', so this is a good example.
Problem: Passage: 'Water Resistant is a common mark stamped on the back of wrist watches to indicate how well a watch is sealed against the ingress of water. It is usually accompanied by an indication of the static test pressure that a sample of newly manufactured watches were exposed to in a leakage test. The test pressure can be indicated either directly in units of pressure such as bar, atmospheres, or (more commonly) as an equivalent water depth in metres (in the United States sometimes also in feet).'. Question: 'what is the song say something by a great big world about'.
| Solution: False |
You are given a sentence in English language and we ask you to translate those to the Gujarati language. Consider following guidelines while doing the translation: 1) Note the input can be lowercase or uppercase. Please do the same in your translations. 2) Keep the short forms like '%s', 'CMD' intact as the literal meaning does not make sense.
Q: An additional program is required to open this type of file:
A: | ફાઇલનાં આ પ્રકારને ખોલવા માટે વધારાની પ્રક્રિયા જરૂરી છે: |
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
Let me give you an example: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease with an uncertain pathogenesis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) represent a recently discovered cell population which has been implicated in driving Th2 inflammation in CRS; however, their relationship with clinical disease characteristics has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to identify ILC2s in sinus mucosa in patients with CRS and controls and compare ILC2s across characteristics of disease. A cross-sectional study of patients with CRS undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained during surgery and control tissue from patients undergoing pituitary tumour resection through transphenoidal approach. ILC2s were identified as CD45(+) Lin(-) CD127(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) CRTH2(CD294)(+) CD161(+) cells in single cell suspensions through flow cytometry. ILC2 frequencies, measured as a percentage of CD45(+) cells, were compared across CRS phenotype, endotype, inflammatory CRS subtype and other disease characteristics including blood eosinophils, serum IgE, asthma status and nasal symptom score. 35 patients (40% female, age 48 ± 17 years) including 13 with eosinophilic CRS (eCRS), 13 with non-eCRS and 9 controls were recruited. ILC2 frequencies were associated with the presence of nasal polyps (P = 0.002) as well as high tissue eosinophilia (P = 0.004) and eosinophil-dominant CRS (P = 0.001) (Mann-Whitney U). They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia (P = 0.005). There were no significant associations found between ILC2s and serum total IgE and allergic disease. In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (P = 0.03). ILC2s were also correlated with worsening nasal symptom score in CRS (P = 0.04).
The answer to this example can be: Are group 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s ) increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps or eosinophilia?
Here is why: The question is based on the following sentences from the passage (i) Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) {ii) In the CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) population, ILC2s were increased in patients with co-existing asthma (iii) As ILC2s are elevated in patients with CRSwNP, they may drive nasal polyp formation in CRS. and (iv) They were also associated with increased blood eosinophilia
OK. solve this:
Thyroid hormone impacts on the cardiovascular system. (Subclinical) hyperthyroidism results in sympathovagal imbalance due to decreased vagal tone. However, conflicting data have been reported on the effects of hypothyroidism on the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In hypothyroidism, both increased and decreased sympathetic activity and increased vagal tone have been found.', 'To study the effects of acute short-term overt hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement therapy on the ANS by measuring urinary excretion of catecholamines and heart rate variability (HRV).', 'Prospective study.', 'University hospital.', 'We studied 11 patients, previously treated with thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, during hypothyroidism caused by cessation of thyroxine substitution for 4 weeks and during thyroxine replacement therapy, and 21 matched healthy controls.', 'The activity of the ANS was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of catecholamines and HRV at rest and during a challenge of the ANS by a mental stress test.', 'Urinary dopamine excretion was significantly lower during hypothyroidism. Although in the patients total variability was unchanged, HRV analysis showed a significantly lower low frequency/high frequency ratio, indicating sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic withdrawal. The mental stress test in the patients resulted in a significant increase in heart rate to the extent of 16-18%. This response was not different between the hypothyroid state and during thyroxine replacement therapy suggesting that cardiovascular reflexes in these patients remain intact.
Answer: | Does short-term overt hypothyroidism induce sympathovagal imbalance in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients? |
input question: Question: "What does NARA do to the system?" Context: "NARA also maintains the Presidential Library system, a nationwide network of libraries for preserving and making available the documents of U.S. presidents since Herbert Hoover. The Presidential Libraries include:" Answer:???
output answer: maintains
input question: Question: "Where was the Manchu homeland?" Context: "China also began suffering from mounting overpopulation during this period. Population growth was stagnant for the first half of the 17th century due to civil wars and epidemics, but prosperity and internal stability gradually reversed this trend. The introduction of new crops from the Americas such as the potato and peanut allowed an improved food supply as well, so that the total population of China during the 18th century ballooned from 100 million to 300 million people. Soon all available farmland was used up, forcing peasants to work ever-smaller and more intensely worked plots. The Qianlong Emperor once bemoaned the country's situation by remarking "The population continues to grow, but the land does not." The only remaining part of the empire that had arable farmland was Manchuria, where the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang had been walled off as a Manchu homeland. The emperor decreed for the first time that Han Chinese civilians were forbidden to settle. Mongols were forbidden by the Qing from crossing the borders of their banners, even into other Mongol Banners and from crossing into neidi (the Han Chinese 18 provinces) and were given serious punishments if they did in order to keep the Mongols divided against each other to benefit the Qing." Answer:???
output answer: Jilin and Heilongjiang
input question: Question: "what mode of movement is mentioned first?" Context: "Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscles, the pectoralis (which accounts for 15% of the total mass of the bird) and the supracoracoideus, as well as a modified forelimb (wing) that serves as an aerofoil. Wing shape and size generally determine a bird species' type of flight; many birds combine powered, flapping flight with less energy-intensive soaring flight. About 60 extant bird species are flightless, as were many extinct birds. Flightlessness often arises in birds on isolated islands, probably due to limited resources and the absence of land predators. Though flightless, penguins use similar musculature and movements to "fly" through the water, as do auks, shearwaters and dippers." Answer:???
output answer: fly
input question: Question: "A natural hole or depression on the Earth's surface that can contain water can also be referred to as a ?" Context: "The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC) launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC." Answer:???
output answer: | Basin |
B: I wouldn't be surprised. A: You know, because they don't want to send them to daycare. B: I doubt if they would say it was too long.
Based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "it was too long"? | No |
Use reasoning to lead to the answer of the following question:
John couldn't reach the place he needed to dust. What couldn't he reach?
Options:
- coffee shop
- fridge
- table
- library
- shelf
Reasoning process: | Shelf are higher and hard to reach easily. Shelf gets dust and requires cleaning. Therefore, the final answer is shelf. |
In this task, you are given a hateful post in Bengali that expresses hate or encourages violence in a geopolitical context based on the protected characteristics such as race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. You are expected to classify the post into two classes: geopolitical or non-geopolitical depending on the topic.
Q: শালা রেন্ডিয়ানরা নিজেদের ভাষায় কথাই বলতে পারে না আবার ছাগলের বাচ্চার মত লাফাই
A: | geopolitical |
Instructions: You are given a passage. Using the information present in the passage, you need to classify it into one of the 10 topics: 0 - 'Society & Culture', 1 - 'Science & Mathematics', 2 - 'Health', 3 - 'Education & Reference', 4 - 'Computers & Internet', 5 - 'Sports', 6 - 'Business & Finance', 7 - 'Entertainment & Music', 8 - 'Family & Relationships', 9 - 'Politics & Government'.
Input: It might be easy to use the internet- there are many good matching web sites that can help
Output: | 8 |
Answer the following question: I want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. Could you please come up with a good question for the passage "Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society."?
Answer: | What is Driver's of Change's role? |
Ques: Read the following context and choose the correct option to answer the question. Context: I showed up at the address on Columbine's invitation just before eleven; it was a converted warehouse in an industrial zone on the city's north side. Since it was a Saturday night, everything else was empty for miles. The parking lot was filled with sports cars, hybrids, and shiny suburban tanks. The door facing the parking lot was open, spilling out muted lights and the din of yuppie chatter. It cast a somewhat foreboding aura over the entrance. The first thing I noticed as I approached was the beefy refrigerator in a rented tux blocking the doorway. The second thing was the surveillance camera perched on the wall above his head. I had stopped home and changed first, so I was sure I was dressed mostly appropriately for some rich faux-hipster art party - charcoal gray pinstripe jacket over a TV on the Radio t-shirt, skinny cuffed jeans, Docs, and a black fedora. I certainly didn't look any worse than the other idiots I saw filing in and out of the door. I even had an invitation. So I was fairly confident I'd be able to gain admission to this thing without incident. "No, absolutely not," the doorman said, pressing a meaty palm into my chest. "I was invited!" I said, exasperated. "I have documentation." I waved the rave card in front of his face. "No dice." I stepped aside to let a couple of aging goths through the door and wondered for a moment if the doorman somehow knew who I was. Then I noticed the ear piece he was wearing and my eyes darted back to the surveillance camera. "Motherfucker," I spat and raised both arms to flip off the camera. I didn't know it at the time, but at that moment Dylan Maxwell was sitting in front of a wall of monitors, laughing his ass off. Question: When did the narrator notice the doorman's ear piece? Options: A. After noticing the camera. B. not enough information C. Before approaching wearhouse. D. After being denied entry.
Ans: D
Ques: Read the following context and choose the correct option to answer the question. Context: U.S. President-elect Donald Trump's choice to lead the Department of Homeland Security, retired Marine General John Kelly, is one of the U.S. military's longest-serving commanders and the most senior officer since 9/11 to lose a child in combat. Blunt-spoken and popular with military personnel, Kelly, 66, was born and raised in Boston. He initially enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1970, and was discharged from active duty as a sergeant in 1972. He returned to the Marine Corps after graduation from the University of Massachusetts Boston in 1976. Kelly rose through the ranks to serve as the commanding general of the Multi-National Force West in Iraq from February 2008 to February 2009, and as the commander of Marine Forces Reserve and Marine Forces North in October 2009. He succeeded General Douglas Fraser as commander of U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) on Nov. 19, 2012. As the head of USSOUTHCOM, Kelly was in charge of the military jail at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and also was exposed to immigration, drug trafficking and other cross-border problems over a sprawling area that encompasses 32 countries in the Caribbean, Central America and South America. Kelly took a tough tone on border security, warning Congress last year about the risks of smuggling rings in Mexico and Central America that spirited "tens of thousands of people," including unaccompanied children, "to our nation's doorstep." He also clashed with the Obama administration over plans to close Guantanamo and the Pentagon's order that opened all jobs in combat units to women, including the most elite forces like the Navy SEALs. In 2010, Kelly became the highest ranking U.S. military officer to lose a child in combat operations in Southwest Asia. His youngest son, 1st Lieutenant Robert Michael Kelly, was killed in action in Afghanistan on Nov. 9, 2010. The younger Kelly was a Marine and was on his third combat tour, but on his first combat tour as a Marine Corps infantry officer. Since his son's death, Kelly has talked in stark terms about the... Question: Who was succeeded by Kelly at U.S Southern Command? Options: A. not enough information B. Kelly C. Guantanamo D. Fraser
Ans: D
Ques: Read the following context and choose the correct option to answer the question. Context: It’s October, which means it’s that time of the year again: flu vaccination time! Back when I worked in a primary care clinic, this is when we made a big push to offer the seasonal flu shot to all of our patients. (And we got ourselves immunized, as well.) Not all of our patients agreed. Many older adults are skeptical of the need to get a yearly vaccination against influenza. They aren’t sure it will help. Or they think that the vaccination will actually give them a mild case of the flu. Or they just don’t like needles. Or maybe they aren’t sure which type of seasonal flu shot to get: the regular one or one of the newer “stronger” versions, designed for older adults? I’m never surprised when people bring up these questions. Vaccination for seasonal influenza can indeed be a confusing topic. But it’s certainly important to consider. Depending on the year, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that every year, influenza affects 9-60 million Americans, causes 140,000-710,100 hospitalizations, and results in 12,000-56,000 deaths. (Influenza is more severe in some years than others.) Most people get better without needing hospitalization, but some people get very sick. Older adults are especially likely to get dangerously ill from catching the flu. So I agree with the CDC’s recommendation: everyone over the age of 6 months should get their seasonal flu shot. In fact, I’m about to go get mine. As a healthy woman in her 40s, I’m not that concerned about getting dangerously ill from influenza. Instead, I get my annual flu shot because I want to minimize my chance of getting sick and perhaps exposing my older patients to influenza. This month, you’ll probably be encouraged to get vaccinated too. So in this article, I’ll address some key things to know about influenza and the flu shot, along with some common questions and concerns. Here’s what I’ll cover: * The basics of influenza and vaccination against the flu * What to know about flu shots for older adults * What’s new and resources for the 2017-2018 flu... Question: What does the Centers for Disease Control probably believe. Options: A. not enough information B. They probably believe all adults should get the seasonal flu. C. They probably believe all adults should get a flu shot. D. They probably believe all adults should go to the hospital for the flu.
Ans: | C |
Categorize the comment on the basis of obscenity. If the comment is obscene output Yes, otherwise output No.
One example is below.
Q: Will this remove the property from city taxes?
A: No
Rationale: The comment here is just a normal question without any indecent words and categorized as not obscene. Hence, it is a positive example
Q: Jesus you guys are all morons. Sad that Alaska's educational system must have gone so far down the tubes. I love the "Liberal" comment... Considering there are no politics here. You're a pathetic human, worst of them.
A: | Yes |
Instructions: You will be given a review about a book, an item, a place or a movie. After that, a question is given that you should answer using a certain span of the review. Your answer should be from the review itself and should not contain extra words, and should not be a combination of different spans. If there's no direct answer to the question, answer with a part of the text that is the most relevant to the question. See the examples for clarification.
Input: review: We stayed at the Omni for 4 days and we had an excellent experience. Room was fantastic as well as service. Great location, I would definetely recommend it!
question: Do you count us your favorite experience?
Output: | we had an excellent experience |
This task is about identifying the subject of a given sentence. The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that is performing the action of the sentence. The subject represents what or whom the sentence is about. Each sentence in this task is guaranteed to contain a single subject. The input is a sentence and the output is the identified subject of that sentence.
Q: The 2006-07 season was 4th.
A: | 4 |
In this task, you will be shown a Persian passage and question. You need to write a answer for the question. Try to keep your answers as short as possible.
Example input: هم حسی (synesthesia) فرایندی عصبشناختی است که در آن، تحریک یک گذرگاه حسی یا شناختی به تجربهای خود به خود و بیاختیار در یک گذرگاه حسی یا شناختیِ دیگر میانجامد. هم حسی درواقع به نوعی ترکیب حواس است. حرف-رنگ: افراد دارای هم حسی حرف-رنگ با دیدن حروف یا اعداد، رنگ مشخصی را همزمان مشاهده میکنند. با وجود اینکه افراد متفاوت معمولاً رنگهای متفاوتی گزارش میکنند، اما شباهتهایی در رنگهای دیده شده از حروف وجود دارد (برای مثال، حرف A معمولاً قرمز است) هم حسی حرف-رنگ، بیشتر از انواع دیگر دیده شدهاست.کرومستیزیا: این افراد با شنیدن هر نوع صدا رنگ متفاوتی میبینند به همین دلیل احتمالاً pitch perfect دارند و در زمینهٔ موسیقی استعداد زیادی دارند.هم حسی دنبالهٔ فضایی: این نوع هم حسی به این صورت است که فرد دنبالههای عددی را به صورت نقطههایی در فضا میبیند. این گونه افراد معمولاً حافظهٔ خیلی خوبی دارند.هم حسی شنوایی-لامسه ای: افراد دارای این نوع هم حسی، زمانی که صدایی میشنوند، حسی در بخشی از بدنشان تحریک میشود. مثلاً با شنیدن یک کلمهٔ خاص، حس میکنند یک بخش خاص از بدنشان انگار لمس میشود. آینه ای-لامسه ای: اینگونه افراد حسی را که فرد دیگری دارد، حس میکنند. مثلاً ممکن است فردی به پشت فرد دیگری بزند و این شخص حس کند که کسی به پشتش میزند. ممکن است به نورونهای آینه ای که در نواحی حرکتی مغز قرار دارند مربوط باشند که حس همدردی به آن برمیگردد.
Question: هم حسی چه نوع فرایندی است
Example output: عصبشناختی
Example explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, the answer is correct.
Q: دوره آزاد انبوه برخط یا موک دوره آنلاینی است که از طریق وب بهطور آزاد به شرکتکنندگانی نامحدود ارائه میشود. این دورهها معمولاً مشابه دورههای دانشگاهی هستند. اغلب آنها زمان شروع و پایان مشخصی دارند. موکها علاوه بر محتوای رایج درسی نظیر ویدئوها، متون و مجموعه مسایل، فضای تعاملی به وجود میآورند که دانش آموزان، استادان و دستیار آموزشی در آن شرکت کنند. این دورهها توانستند گروههای مختلفی از مردم را از بسیاری از کشورهای جهان به خود جذب کنند. تنها پیشنیاز شرکت در بسیاری از این دورهها تنها یک دستگاه کامپیوتر و یک خط اینترنت است. بیشترین تولیدکنندگان موک دانشگاههای آمریکا، کانادا، استرالیا و دانشگاههای اروپا هستند. ایجاد موکها به مرزهای کشورهای پیشرفته محدود نشد و تدریجاً در هند، مالزی و ایران هم ایجاد شدند. موکها رایگان هستند؛ ولی میتوانند حالت انتفاعی نیز داشته باشند. بزرگترین شبکهٔ آمریکایی موک، کورسرا میزبان دورههای ۱۰۰ دانشگاه سراسر دنیا است.
Question: موک چیست؟
A: | دوره آنلاینی است که از طریق وب بهطور آزاد به شرکتکنندگانی نامحدود ارائه میشود. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a list of integers you need to calculate and return the range of the integers which is the difference between maximum and minimum element in the list.
Q: [352, 314, 210, 154, 403, 404, 84, 323, 286, 179, 245, 291, 293, 29, 88, 201, 261, 31, 146, 317]
A: | 375 |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a text from tweets. Your task is to classify given tweet text into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
Q: @mittense yup, me too
A: | negative |
Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone, and invertebrates have no vertebrae or backbone. Given these facts, what do some animals not have among the following options: - nucleus - fish - offspring - vertebrae - Chlorophyll - invertebrates - Energy - Energy.
vertebrae
Plants release oxygen during the day but not during the night, and plants include blue pine, hemlock, spruce and oak. Given these facts, what releases oxygen during the day but not during the night among the following options: - elephants - dogs - hydrocarbons - blue pine - Conifers - vegetation - humans - Fuel cells
blue pine
Q: Sweat wets the skin, and when it evaporates, it cools the body, and sweat is water, salt, some urea. Given these facts, the thing that cools the body contains what among the following options: - liquid - matter - vapors - oxygen - Urea - nektar - water - Air
A: Urea
Question: Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system, and excitotoxicity kills some neurons. Given these facts, excitotoxicity can do what to the structural units of the nervous system among the following options: - harm - loss - duplicate - kill - mutate - death - function - damage
Answer: kill
*Question*
Air pollution harms the respiratory and circulatory systems, and air pollutants are inhaled. Given these facts, what system does inhaled pollution harm among the following options: - health - humans - the environment - circulatory - people - bones - lymphatic - cell wall
**Answer**
circulatory
(Q).
Astem is used to store water by some plants, and seasonal flowering plants planted. Given these facts, what do some flowers use to store most of their water among the following options: - fibrous - lipids - roots - sodium - keratin - solutes - fibers - stems
(A).
| stems |
Sentence 1: To hold good.
Sentence 2: The weather held.
Multi-choice problem: Does hold mean the same thing in these two sentences?
pick from the following.
(1). different meanings;
(2). the same meaning; | (2). |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence. You are expected to recognize the name of gene or protein. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them.
Input: Transfection studies have established that this octamer is involved in the lymphoid - specific transcription of immunoglobulin genes .
Output: | immunoglobulin genes |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be shown a correct English sentence. You need to generate an incorrect form of the input sentence.
Problem:Is it right ?
Solution: | is it right ? |
Question: Context: austin needed remy's help so he reconsidered remy's decision to come over. Question: How would you describe Austin? Which one of these answers best answers the question according to the context? A: indecisive B: eager for Remy to come C: confident
Answer: | A |
In this task, you are given a text which is the body of a document. You are given a question and options. Pick the correct number. Don't generate anything else apart from the numbers provided in options.
One example is below.
Q: Text: The Mansfield Building Society is a UK building society which has its headquarters in Mansfield Nottinghamshire. It is a member of the Building Societies Association.
Question: The document can be classified to which topic? Options: 1)Animal, 2)Plant, 3)Building, 4)Company, 5)WrittenWork
A: 3
Rationale: Mansfield Building Society is a UK building society. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer
Q: Context: Arctostaphylos mewukka is a species of manzanita known by the common name Indian manzanita.
Question: The document can be classified to which topic?
Options: 1)NaturalPlace, 2)Athlete, 3)Plant, 4)OfficeHolder
A: | 3 |
In this task, you are given music product reviews in English language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
Example input: The Bee Gees-Their Greatest Hits . Fabulous-This is a must have for any Bee Gee fans. My 4 year old daughter even likes this music
Example output: POS
Example explanation: The overall sentiment of the review is positive as the reviewer refers to the music piece with positive expressions such as 'must have', 'likes' etc. Hence, the label is 'POS'.
Q: not quite on target . ok. i thought from other reviews that i would really like this cd, but I dont really. the delivery seems completely pretentious as another reviewer said. i cant get past that fact. though damn shame is excellent. its the only one that i added to my playlist. in fact i promptly trashed the rest.
A: | NEG |
Problem: I can use this background: Ocean acidification occurs when excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the oceans to become acidic. Burning fossil fuels has led to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by the oceans, which lowers the pH of the water. Ocean acidification can kill corals and shellfish. It may also cause marine organisms to reproduce less, which could harm other organisms in the food chain. As a result, there also may be fewer marine organisms for humans to consume. Now, I have a new situation: The biologists found out that the Indian Ocean had a lower water pH than it did a decade ago, and it became acidic. The water in the Arctic ocean still had a neutral to basic pH. Answer this question please: Which ocean has a lower content of carbon dioxide in its waters?
A: Arctic
Problem: I can use this background: The body's second line of defense against pathogens includes the inflammatory response. If bacteria enter the skin through a scrape, the area may become red, warm, and painful. These are signs of inflammation. Inflammation is one way the body reacts to infections or injuries. Inflammation is caused by chemicals that are released when skin or other tissues are damaged. The chemicals cause nearby blood vessels to dilate, or expand. This increases blood flow to the damaged area, which makes the area red and slightly warm. The chemicals also attract white blood cells called neutrophils to the wound and cause them to leak out of blood vessels into the damaged tissue. Now, I have a new situation: John and Keith were playing football - the game was rough to say the least. They both got hurt. After the game they went to see the sports physician for a check up. The physician found that John had inflammation, but Keith didn't have any inflammation. Answer this question please: Whose wound would not have increased blood flow, John or Keith?
A: Keith
Problem: I can use this background: Recall that air pollution is due to chemical substances and particles released into the air mainly by human actions. When most people think of air pollution, they think of the pollution outdoors. But it is just as easy to have indoor air pollution. Your home or school classroom probably doesn't get much fresh air. Sealing up your home reduces heating and cooling costs. But this also causes air pollution to stay trapped indoors. And people today usually spend a majority of their time indoors. So exposure to indoor air pollution can become a significant health risk. Now, I have a new situation: James spent a lot of time indoors, and didn't get out much like Rob, his friend, who loved outdoors stuff. Answer this question please: Which friend was exposed more to chemical substances?
A: James
Problem: I can use this background: Gamma rays, X-rays and the higher energy range of ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word "ionize" refers to the breaking of one or more electrons away from an atom, an action that requires the relatively high energies that these electromagnetic waves supply. Further down the spectrum, the non-ionizing lower energies of the lower ultraviolet spectrum cannot ionize atoms, but can disrupt the inter-atomic bonds which form molecules, thereby breaking down molecules rather than atoms; a good example of this is sunburn caused by long-wavelength solar ultraviolet. The waves of longer wavelength than UV in visible light, infrared and microwave frequencies cannot break bonds but can cause vibrations in the bonds which are sensed as heat. Radio wavelengths and below generally are not regarded as harmful to biological systems. These are not sharp delineations of the energies; there is some overlap in the effects of specific frequencies.The word radiation arises from the phenomenon of waves radiating (i.e., traveling outward in all directions) from a source. This aspect leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are applicable to all types of radiation. Because such radiation expands as it passes through space, and as its energy is conserved (in vacuum), the intensity of all types of radiation from a point source follows an inverse-square law in relation to the distance from its source. Like any ideal law, the inverse-square law approximates a measured radiation intensity to the extent that the source approximates a geometric point. Now, I have a new situation: A scientists has discovered two new types of radiation. He notes that radiation type A has the ability to break away atoms from molecules, while radiation type B simply causes them to vibrate. Answer this question please: Which radiation type will have a longer wavelength, radiation type A or B?
A: | A |
Given a scientific question, generate an incorrect answer to the given question. The incorrect answer should be a plausible alternative to the correct answer. The answer should be some other item belonging to the same category as the correct answer but should be incorrect.
Example input: What are arteries, veins, and capillaries examples of?
Example output: tissue
Example explanation: Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. Tissue is a combination of cells.
Q: What is needed by all known forms of life?
A: | nitrogen |
In this task, you are given a question and a context passage. You have to answer the question based on the given passage.
Example input: what is the first event mentioned?, Context: The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the Red Guard, armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) and began an immediate armed takeover of cities and villages throughout the former Russian Empire.
Example output: Russian Revolution
Example explanation: This is a good example, and the Russian Revolution is the first event mentioned.
Q: What would be done for people who need more information?, Context: Following guidelines set in the National Cycling strategy, Newcastle first developed its cycling strategy in 1998. As of 2012, the local council social aims and objectives for cycling include: highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living… The authority also has infrastructure aims and objectives which include: developing on road cycle networks on quieter streets; making safer routes on busier streets; innovating and implementing contraflows on one way streets; developing the existing off road cycle route networks and improve signage; joining up routes that are partially or completely isolated; Increase the number of cycle parking facilities; working with employers to integrate cycling into workplace travel plans; link the local networks to national networks.
A: | link the local networks to national networks |
input: Please answer the following: Question: "If the Europeans had more morals, what would they not have asked of the natives?" Context: "Treaties formed an important part of European colonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples. In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implications of what they were signing." Answer:
++++++++++
output: to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties
input: Please answer the following: Question: "How did politics shape religion?" Context: "With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there arose a more diffuse arena for political studies. The rise of monotheism and, particularly for the Western tradition, Christianity, brought to light a new space for politics and political action[citation needed]. During the Middle Ages, the study of politics was widespread in the churches and courts. Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political. Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between Church and State were clarified and contested in this period." Answer:
++++++++++
output: Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between Church and State were clarified and contested in this period
input: Please answer the following: Question: "What is Elmore Leonard possibly, an exhibitor or author?" Context: "Since 2009, the Tucson Festival of Books has been held annually over a two-day period in March at the University of Arizona. By 2010 it had become the fourth largest book festival in the United States, with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees. In addition to readings and lectures, it features a science fair, varied entertainment, food, and exhibitors ranging from local retailers and publishers to regional and national nonprofit organizations. In 2011, the Festival began presenting a Founder's Award; recipients include Elmore Leonard and R.L. Stine." Answer:
++++++++++
output: authors
input: Please answer the following: Question: "Who was mentioned in the GPC announcement?" Context: "In 1979, the committees began the redistribution of land in the Jefara plain, continuing through 1981. In May 1980, measures to redistribute and equalize wealth were implemented; anyone with over 1000 dinar in his bank account saw that extra money expropriated. The following year, the GPC announced that the government would take control of all import, export and distribution functions, with state supermarkets replacing privately owned businesses; this led to a decline in the availability of consumer goods and the development of a thriving black market." Answer:
++++++++++
output: | the government |
Q: If I tell you that Effective insulation has a positive impact on an animal's survival, and ask you the question "effective insulation has a positive impact on an animal's what?", is the correct answer "heat energy"?
Choices: -- Yes; -- No;
The answer is: | No |
In this task, positions of two consecutive words have been swapped. You need to output the position of the swaped words. e.g. in the sentence 'Seattle has nice a weather', the word 'a' and 'nice' have been swapped. These words are at 3rd and 4th position respectively. So, the output should be (3, 4). Note that the index of first word is 1.
Example: I a am professional dancer.
Example solution: (2,3)
Example explanation: words 'a' and 'am' have been swapped. The correct sentence would be 'I am a professional dancer.'. Since the position of 'a' is 2 and 'am' is 3, the answer is (2,3).
Problem: large A appliance is sitting on some blue pedestals
| Solution: (1, 2) |
In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer.
Avoid questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. Avoid questions that have multiple answers.
For each of your questions the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph. The answer for each question should be unambiguous.
One example is below.
Q: Context: Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.
A: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?
Rationale: this question is based on the sentence "It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858".
Q: Context: In 2001, she became the first African-American woman and second woman songwriter to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs ("Irreplaceable", "Grillz" and "Check on It") in the same year, after Carole King in 1971 and Mariah Carey in 1991. She is tied with American songwriter Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles. (The latter wrote her 9/11-motivated song "I Was Here" for 4.) In May 2011, Billboard magazine listed Beyoncé at number 17 on their list of the "Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters", for having co-written eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was one of only three women on that list.
A: | Pop Songwriter of the Year award in 2001 was awarded to whom? |
Question:
Todd told Bill that he needed some money.
he
OPTIONS:
- Todd
- Bill
Answer:
Todd
Rosie beat Mary in Scrabble because she was bad at word games.
Who is "she" in this prior sentence?
OPTIONS:
- Rosie
- Mary
Mary
Question:
Walmart has leaked pages of their Black Friday Ad to the users of the internet, but they will have many other ads to look at to choose from.
Who is they referring to in this sentence? OPTIONS:
- Walmart
- the users of the internet
---
Answer:
the users of the internet
Q: Master Sifu passes wisdom on to Jack because he has much to teach him.
Who he is? OPTIONS:
- Master Sifu
- Jack
A: Master Sifu
QUESTION:
Stark Industries produces the best technology for the military, but they pay top dollar to equip their forces with this.
Who is "they"?
OPTIONS:
- Stark Industries
- the military
ANS:
the military
Question:
Nancy adopted a baby girl because she was picked to be adopted.
she
OPTIONS:
- Nancy
- a baby girl
Answer:
| a baby girl |
Q: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
Riociguat (Adempas): a novel agent for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
A: | What is generic name of drug Adempas? |
Write a title for this article:
Dec. 21, 2014: New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, left, talks with Dallas Cowboys team owner Jerry Jones, right, on the field as the teams warm up before an NFL football game against the Indianapolis Colts (AP)
A liberal group filed an ethics complaint against New Jersey governor Chris Christie claiming he broke the state’s rules by accepting tickets to a Dallas Cowboys football game as a gift.
Christie was seen celebrating in the press box at AT&T Stadium with Cowboys owner Jerry Jones as the team won its playoff game against the Detroit Lions Sunday. Jones claims Christie is part of the team’s “mojo” and he wants the governor there “all the way.”
Christie and his family have gone to three Cowboys games with tickets provided by Jones, NorthJersey.com reports.
Gifts, such as the tickets, are banned by state law. However, the governor’s office says there is an exception allowing gifts from family and friends. Christie considers Jones a personal friend.
The American Democratic Legal Fund, a self-described watchdog, has an issue with Jones’ business relationship with Port Authority, the website reports.
The Cowboys are part owners of Legends Hospitality LLC, a company that has a contract with Port Authority to operate the One World Trade Center observatory.
Port Authority said in a statement Tuesday that the observatory contract was awarded through a competitive bidding process.
The group’s president Brad Woodhouse is also the head of a political action committee American Bridge, which has attacked the governor. Woodhouse says Christie is misinterpreting the state’s ethics rules.
Another Washington-based watchdog group, Common Cause, says Christie should be concerned about the possible violation and should reconsider attending Dallas’ game against the Green Bay Packers in the NFL’s divisional playoff round.
Christie said on New York sports radio station WFAN that he hopes to attend the game at Lambeau Field Sunday.
Click for more from NorthJersey.com
Title: | Group files ethics complaint over Christie's trips to Cowboys games |
Here's a logic test: Jessica rolls a cylinder block on a surface made of LEGOs and a linoleum floor. She notices that when the cylinder travels over the LEGOs, it goes a shorter distance than when on the linoleum. This is because the linoleum is _____ than the LEGOs. (A) smoother (B) rougher Choose the answer between "lego surface" and "linoleum surface".
lego surface
Here's a logic test: Alison noticed that her car stops faster on dry pavement than on snowy pavement. The resistance is lower on (A) the dry pavement or (B) the snowy pavement? Choose the answer between "dry pavement" and "snowy pavement".
snowy pavement
Q: Here's a logic test: Bob slid a coin across his dining room table, then slid the same coin across a wood picnic table. He noticed that the wood picnic table caused more resistance. Which surface would the coin slide the greater distance on? (A) The dining room table (B) The wood picnic table Choose the answer between "wood picnic table" and "dining room table".
A: wood picnic table
Question: Here's a logic test: Hank's salt shaker rolled more slowly over his napkin than over the table. He then surmised that the _____ was rougher (A) napkin (B) table Choose the answer between "napkin" and "table".
Answer: napkin
*Question*
Here's a logic test: Craig just got done walking home from school which was 3 miles. Jamie took the bus home from school. Who would sweat more? (A) Jamie (B) Craig Choose the answer between "Craig" and "Jamie".
**Answer**
Jamie
(Q).
Here's a logic test: Jim noticed that his saucer has much less resistance when pushing it through steam then when pushing it through water. The saucer will heat up much more pushing it through (A) water (B) steam Choose the answer between "steam" and "water".
(A).
| steam |
A text is given in Marathi. Translate it from the Marathi language to the Tamil language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Example input: संपूर्ण वर्षभर शेतकऱ्यांना उत्पनाची हमी देणारं हे मॉडेल अतिशय महत्वाचे आहे
Example output: ஆண்டு முழுவதும் விவசாயிகளுக்கு உற்பத்திக்கு உத்தரவாதம் செய்வதற்கு இந்த மாதிரி மிகவும் முக்கியமானது
Example explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'This model is very important to guarantee the production for the farmers throughout the year' which is the same as the output sentence.
Q: भारताच्या स्वांतत्र्य आंदोलनामध्ये स्वामी विवेकानंदजी यांना तसेच नेताजी सुभाषचंद्र बोस यांनाही जपानकडून खूप चांगले सहकार्य मिळाले होते. ही गोष्ट कोट्यवधी भारतीयांच्या मनामध्ये अगदी घर करून बसली आहे.
A: | சுவாமி விவேகானந்தாஜி, நேதாஜி சுபாஷ் சந்திரபோஸ், மற்றும் ஜப்பானிலிருந்து செயல்பட்ட இந்திய சுதந்திர இயக்கம் ஆகியவை வழங்கிய ஆதரவு கோடிக்கணக்கான இந்தியர்களின் உள்ளங்களில் என்றும் பதிந்துள்ளது. |
Instructions: A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Telugu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Input: Government envisages National Programme on 'Artificial Intelligence'
Output: | కృత్రిమ మేధస్సుకు సంబంధించి జాతీయ కార్యక్రమం |
In this task your given a passage and a question in Catalan, you must answer the question based on the passage. The answer to the question can be extracted directly from the passage. The question will have a single correct answer. The answer will be a continuous span of text from the given passage. The correct answer will be short; it will not be more than a few words.
Example: Passage: Després d'una complicada producció, L'Imperi contraataca va ser estrenada el 21 de maig de 1980. Al principi va rebre crítiques mixtes, tot i que des de la seva estrena anà guanyant punts fins a esdevenir la més aclamada de la saga per la crítica i una de les pel·lícules més altament qualificades de tots els temps.[3][4][5][6] La pel·lícula ha recaptat més de 538 milions de dòlars a tot el món entre la seva estrena original i les múltiples reedicions. Si es té en compte l'ajustament degut a la inflació, es tracta de la 12a pel·lícula més taquillera dels Estats Units i Canadà de tots els temps fins a l'any 2012.[7]
Question: Quin dia es va estrenar la pel·lícula?
Example solution: 21 de maig de 1980
Example explanation: The output, which is the correct answer to the question can be found in the first line of the passage.
Problem: Passage: Es conserven cinc taules d'Huguet, tres peces del mestre de Castelsardo i una novena taula pintada per un artista anònim d'inferior categoria. Encara faltarien tres taules, avui desaparegudes, fins a completar les dotze que s'estima tenia el retaule original. Hagiogràficament, les taules que es conserven d'Huguet estarien intercalades amb les que es conserven dels altres dos autors, com per exemple la taula huguetiana de la Peregrinació al sepulcre de Sant Vicenç és cronològicament posterior a les taules dels martiris del mestre de Castelsardo. D'altra banda, es troben a faltar escenes de la seva joventut i la coneixença de sant Valeri. La primera taula ja correspon a l'ordenació del sant com a diaca. Tampoc hi ha taules amb escenes relatives a les aventures sofertes pel seu cos després de la seva mort. Per contra hi ha, proporcionalment, moltes escenes sobre el seu martiri, fins i tot es pot pensar en una certa duplicitat en el martiri del foc que, a la taula d'Huguet no incorpora les graelles, potser per estar molt associades amb sant Llorenç, mentre que la taula del mestre de Castelsardo li dóna un protagonisme important. Es pot observar una repetició entre Huguet i el mestre de Castelardo del recurs dels àngels salvadors; a la taula d'Huguet apagant el foc, i a l'altra recollint l'ànima del sant expirant.[10]
Question: Quantes taules d'Huguet es conserven?
| Solution: cinc |
Ques: There are a lot of things that happen to me in China but would certainly never happen in the US. One of those things is being called "strong". The first time was last December. I was walking across the high school campus in Guangzhou where I taught when a student in a gray scarf waved hello. I smiled and waved back, but then she stopped and called my name. "You're so strong!" She smiled and pointed at what appeared to be my arm. I looked down at my arms. Let's get one thing clear: I'm a very skinny guy. Once, while rehearsing for a high school talent show, I was told by the teacher in charge that I couldn't participate in the men's shirtless dance routine because my visible rig cage would frighten the audience. "I'm so what?" "You're so strong!" _ repeated. "Um, thanks!" I didn't know what else to say, so we both waved goodbye. The next morning I stepped into my oral English classroom only to be greeted instantly by a unanimous "Waaa!" of shock and admiration. "What?" I asked. "You're so strong!" shouted a boy from the back of the class. "Okay, will someone tell me what that means?" I was curious as to the real reason for such praise. So I turned to the monitor, gesturing for him to speak. "We just mean, you look very strong today," he offered earnestly. "What?! You mean like this?" I curled my arm like a bodybuilder. "No! But it's so cold, and you're only wearing a shortsleeve shirt." Oh, I got it. My "strength" had less to do with my muscle and more to do with my apparent ignorance of the cold weather. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A) The Chinese Culture or the Western Culture B) Am I Strong or Do I Need a Sweater C) How I Can Get Stronger in Winter D) How We Can Tell Two Different Cultures Apart
Ans: B
Ques: A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants -- the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences from two fossils , mammoths,and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, "We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950,all African elephants... What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about? A) The conservation of African elephants. B) The purpose of studying African elephants. C) The way to divide African elephants into two units. D) The reason for the distinction of African elephants.
Ans: A
Ques: The Buzz prefix = st1 /10345 N. Scottsdale Rd. , Scottsdale (480)991-3866 The Buzz is a favorite among underage college students. The club, within a shopping center, has two levels. The downstairs is for everyone, while the upstairs is only for those over 21 years old. Open only on Friday and Saturday. Though it's intended for the youth, it's a wide age range. Devil House 829 S. Rural Rd., Tempe (480)517-1188 There really isn't a ton to say about the Devil House. It's located right near the crossing of Rural and University, making it an easy walk on foot. It's a simple bar; not so expensive, not so big and not so concerned with anything other than offering beer drinkers and sports fans a homey place to meet up. Northern Lounge 5008 W. Northern Ave., Glendale (623)937-0940 This bar is all about action and activity. You're welcome, of course, to sit around and drink. You'll come soon on stage for live music. It's a fun, interactive atmosphere and their karaoke nights have been popular on the west side for quite a while. Casey Moore's 850 S Ash Ave., Tempe (480)968-9935 Casey Moore's is really everything a college bar should be: comfortable, fun, reasonably-price and close to campus. The outside is pretty big and has plenty of tables, while inside is darker and equally comfortable and a big bar for sitting and chatting. According to the passage, we know that _ . A) people of different ages can go to The Buzz. B) People can sit chatting in the outside of Casey Moore's C) People often feel uncomfortable sitting and drinking in Northern Lounge. D) There is a long way to get to Devil House.
Ans: A
Ques: Has anyone been prepared for the possibility that unexpected poor visibility will stop the pilot from landing? If your pilot is forced to turn back only for his lack of passing a certain test, you will be certainly shocked. This very thing happened to the passengers on Flight BE1431 on Thursday. Just minutes before landing on Charles de Gaulle Airport , Paris, the pilot, a very experienced one, told his passengers, "Unfortunately I'm not qualified to land in Paris for the poor visibility. To do so a level II qualification is required, which I have not gained. We'll have to fly back." Then, you may guess how the passengers felt about their flight back to the starting airport. A spokeswoman said the pilot was really experienced with more than 30 years flying a number of different passenger aircraft types. "But he has recently transferred from flying aBQ300 to aBQ400, so hehas to regain his qualification for landing in such conditions as the thick fog he experienced this time," she said. "The pilot, therefore, quite correctly turned the aircraft back, a decision 100 percent accepted by the aviation officials in the company." One passenger said she had missed an appointment for an interview in prefix = st1 /Paris. "I might have had a nice chance to work inParis," she told the local newspaper. "The whole thing sounds hard to believe. If I had not been on the plane, I would take it as a funny story!" The British Civil Aviation Authority described the incident as one that was "quite unusual but probably not unheard of," because there are different classifications of aircraft with different qualifications for landing in different climatic conditions and when an aircraft is updated, the pilots have to get retrained, even though they have enough skills to do the job successfully. Poor pilot, it's not really his fault... According to the passage, it was _ that mainly caused the aircraft to fly back. A) the unusual thick fog B) the pilot's qualification C) the air traffic controller D) the airline company
Ans: | B |
In this task, you are given a sentence. You are expected to write the name of the organism substances in the body mentioned in the input. Although there might be several correct answers, you need to write one of them.
Q: In our future studies in this population , we will collect larger volumes of serum for dioxin analysis .
A: | serum |
Instructions: In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Input: story: Karen borrowed a book from her friend. She spilled juice on it. She was nervous her friend would be mad. Her friend forgave her. She felt lucky to have a good friend.
selected sentence: She spilled juice on it.
Output: | Karen drinks juice >Causes/Enables> Karen spills juice on her friend's book |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given one english sentence. The major part of the sentences talk about health-related topics, but some of the them describe an organization and its activities. Your job is to translate the given sentences into German.
Q: Preparedness and response
A: | Abwehrbereitschaft und Reaktion |
(Question)
Üründü Serik - Üründü Serik is a village in the District of Serik Antalya Province Turkey. Given a choice of categories company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, the text refers to which one?
(Answer)
Village
(Question)
Crypsedra - Crypsedra is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family. It consists of only one species:Crypsedra gemmea Treitschke 1825 Given a choice of categories company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, the text refers to which one?
(Answer)
Animal
(Question)
Steve Hegg - Steve Edward Hegg (born December 3 1963 in Dana Point California) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from the United States who was a professional rider from 1988 to 2000. Given a choice of categories company, educational institution, artist, athlete, office holder, mean of transportation, building, natural place, village, animal, plant, album, film or written work, the text refers to which one?
(Answer)
| Athlete |
Categorize the comment on the basis of toxicity. If the comment is toxic (harmful, malicious, derogatory, threat, insult, identity attck, etc.) output Yes, otherwise output No.
Example input: haha you guys are a bunch of losers.
Example output: Yes
Example explanation: The comment here has word 'losers', which is used as an attack on a subject in the comment. Hence, it is a positive example
Q: This is Oregon, poor job market, low wages, high housing costs. The voters either don't care, or are too stupid.
A: | Yes |
In this task, you're given a passage, further information available on a particular linked term from the statement, and a question. Your job is to generate the answer to the question by using the information provided. If there is no clear answer obtainable, output 'none'.
Example: Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
. Link Information: Operation Market Garden was a failed World War II military operation fought in the Netherlands from 17 to 25 September 1944. Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin?
Example solution: from 17 to 25 September 1944
Example explanation: The passage describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden, and the answer specifies when the operation happened.
Problem: Passage: After succeeding to his family titles in 1899 he inherited further estates in 1901, including property in Marylebone, London and earned the title of 'Britain's wealthiest bachelor'. His family's wealth was initially derived from slavery and sugar estates in Jamaica, primarily Montpelier, Jamaica. He took a lease on Audley End House, Essex which had once belonged to his ancestors, in 1904 but reportedly never felt settled there. The artist Auguste Rodin created a bust of Lord Howard de Walden in 1906 which is held in the collection kept at the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia. In 1911, in preparation for his marriage, he leased Chirk Castle, Denbighshire, which became his main residence after WWI until 1946, and where he learned the Welsh language; he later served as president of the Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales from 1931 to 1945.
Link Information: none Question: How many slaves lived in Montpelier, Jamaica the year Rodin created his bust of Lord Howard de Walden?
| Solution: Answer: none |
Given a passage and a query based on the passage, generate an unambiguous, concise and simple answer to the query from information in the passage. Note that the answer may not be present in exact form.
Example input: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Eligibility. To see if you might be eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, visit our pre-screening tool. For households in the 48 Contiguous States and the District of Columbia October 1, 2016 through September 30, 2017. To get SNAP benefits, households must meet certain tests, including resource and income tests: 1 Resources. 2 Income. 3 Deductions. 4 Employment Requirements. 5 Special Rules for Elderly or Disabled. 6 Immigrant Eligibility. In fact, we’re not spending enough on food stamps. The need for food assistance is greater than food stamps can fill, and the benefit amount is too low to allow a family to purchase an adequate, healthy diet. The average monthly food stamp benefit per person is only $133.85, or less than $1.50 per person, per meal. Between 2009-2011 the purchasing power of food stamps declined by about 7%, or $47/month for a family of four, due to inflation in the cost of food. You’ve likely heard stories (and outrage) about people using food stamps to purchase “steak and lobster” as well as cigarettes and alcohol, showing up at the grocery store in a nice car, nice clothes, a nice purse or an iPhone. But the federal government sets the food stamps benefit amount at, on average, roughly $4 a day per person. Yes, someone could save up their monthly allotment to buy some high-priced food items for a special occasion. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Effective October 2016. Maximum Monthly SNAP Amounts. The chart below shows the maximum dollar amount of SNAP benefits your household can receive each month. This dollar amount is based on the number of people in your household, your income and your expenses. You could receive any amount up to or including these amounts. National Standards for reasonable amounts have been established for five necessary expenses: food, housekeeping supplies, apparel and services, personal care products and services, and miscellaneous. See the SNAP page on Applicants and Recipients for detailed information about eligibility requirements and benefits. The SNAP home page provides access to information on all aspects of the program. fns On average, 45 million people received SNAP benefits each month in fiscal year 2011, which represents a 70 percent increase over the roughly 26 million people (or one of every 11) who received benefits in 2007. The truth is, a $125 per person per month grocery budget may seem like a farce to a household currently spending $300 per person per month, but it’s actually quite achievable. *For households with more than eight people, add $5,408 per additional person. Always check with the appropriate managing agency to ensure the most accurate guidelines. To see if you might be eligible for SNAP benefits, use SNAP's pre-screening tool. Related Links. ¡ 1 Exija Sus Derechos! - 4300 S. ¡ 2 EXIJA SUS DERECHOS! Usted Tiene El Derecho - DHS 8219 S. ¡ 3 La tarjeta Illinois Link se acepta en mercados de agricultores selectos! DHS 9201 S. 4 B Attitude - Folic Acid - DHS 4758. 5 AABD Cash Aid to the Aged, Blind or Disabled - DHS 587. 6 Active Play for Families - DHS 4586. Query: average amount food stamps per one person in al for a month
Example output: The average monthly food stamp benefit per person is only $133.85, or less than $1.50 per person.
Example explanation: The passage details the eligibility and resources provided by SNAP. The passage includes information on individual per meal food stamp benefit, that can be used to answer the query.
Q: Fluoride supplements were developed in the 1950s based on the incorrect and outdated notions that (a) fluoride’s benefit to teeth comes from being swallowed during childhood, and that (b) children in unfluoridated communities have a deficiency of fluoride intake. For example, the use of a series of four or more topical applications should be considered for a patient with a severe caries problem. Likewise, a reduced topical application time of 30 seconds as opposed to four minutes may be adequate to maintain a patient with little or no current caries activity. Check with your child's doctor for any other special instructions. 1 Your child can eat and drink right after the fluoride varnish is applied. But only give your child soft foods and cold or warm (not hot) foods or liquids. 2 Do not brush or floss teeth for at least 4 to 6 hours. Fluoride varnish is a highly concentrated form of fluoride which is applied to the tooth's surface, by a dentist, dental hygienist or other health care professional, as a type of topical fluoride therapy.[1] It is not a permanent varnish but due to its adherent nature it is able to stay in contact with the tooth surface for several hours. When is Fluoride Varnish not used? Fluoride varnish is not used if there are noticeable sores in the mouth or on the gums. It is also not used if there is an allergy to one of the ingredients in the varnish or to pine nuts. If you have any questions, talk to your doctor or dentist. The first use of adjusted fluoride in water for caries control began in 1945 and 1946 in the United States and Canada, when the fluoride concentration was adjusted in the drinking water supplying four communities (2--5). Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. The evidence quality was poor. The CDC recommends that in communities where natural fluoride levels are high, parents should give kids water from other sources. The ADA also recognizes that infants need less fluoride than older kids and adults. Some infants may be getting too much fluoride in the water used to reconstitute infant formula. Fluoride supplements can be prescribed for children ages 6 months to 16 years who are at high risk for tooth decay and whose primary drinking water has a low fluoride concentration. 2, 21 Tablets and lozenges are manufactured with 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 mg fluoride. 2, 3 Most supplements contain sodium fluoride as the active ingredient. 2 To maximize the topical effect of fluoride, tablets and lozenges are intended to be chewed or sucked for 1–2 minutes before being swallowed; 2, 3, 5 for ... A 1992 census found that, for U.S. public water supply systems reporting the type of compound used, 63% of the population received water fluoridated with fluorosilicic acid, 28% with sodium fluorosilicate, and 9% with sodium fluoride. Query: at what age should fluoride be used
A: | Fluoride supplements should be prescribed for children ages 6 months to 16 years. |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in English, and your task is to translate it into Persian.
Q: so I suppose we must, but it doesn't seem quite right to me.'
A: | خوب ما هم همین کار را داریم میکنیم. |
Question: Question: Where does the toilet fly outside the atmosphere and glides to a landing? Options: - apartment - space shuttle - restaurant - jungle gym - stadium The answer is "space shuttle" because
Answer: space shuttle was a partially reusable
[Q]: Question: When a person is beginning work, what aren't they doing yet? Options: - working - resting - tiredness - accomplishing - momentum The answer is "accomplishing" because
****
[A]: this word was most relevant.
input: Please answer the following: Question: How might others describe someone who goes around killing people? Options: - terrible - murder - going to jail - hunter - get arrested The answer is "terrible" because
++++++++++
output: very unpleasant or serious low quality
Please answer this: Question: He was tuning out the business show in the background, they were yammering about how to fight inflation with a certain percentage to what? Options: - raise interest rates - lower prices - money - more money - have money The answer is "raise interest rates" because
++++++++
Answer: interest rates often go hand in hand with inflation rates.
Problem: Question: Which location has spots where people can take their kids to play on playgrounds? Options: - conference - town - apartment - wedding - theater The answer is "town" because
A: town where people can take their kids to play on playgrounds
input: Please answer the following: Question: Where could you find a blowfish in a zoo? Options: - jungle - sea water - cuba - atlantic ocean - lake The answer is "cuba" because
++++++++++
output: | it's a country |
Q: Based on the given question and tppic, give an answer. The answer is available on on the internet. The questions are mostly centered around a single named entity.
concept: Jack London question: what was jack london's education?
A: | ['University of California, Berkeley', 'Oakland High School'] |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a context passage. Your job is to generate relevant questions that can be answered by directly referring to the passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Tracy slept awkwardly on their new bed and was having some pain, so Tracy cracked her neck.
Solution: What did Tracy do with her neck?
Explanation: The question asked is relevant and can be directly answered by referring to the phrase "so Tracy cracked her neck" from the passage.
Problem: Aubrey was taking a test and thought hard about the answers.
Solution: | What does Aubrey need to do before this? |
Sentence 1: "When Tommy dropped his ice cream, Timmy giggled, so father gave him a sympathetic look."
Sentence 2: "Father gave Tommy a sympathetic look."
Is sentence 2 true, based on sentence 1? | yes |
In this task, you are given a passage and a question regarding that passage. You must determine whether or not the question is answerable from the given passage. If a question is answerable, output should be 'True', otherwise 'False'. You must not consider any other information that is not provided in the passage while labelling True or False.
One example is below.
Q: Passage: Madonna released the Material Girl clothing line, which she designed with her daughter, Lourdes. The 1980s inspired clothing line, borrowed from Madonna's punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s, was released under the Macy's label. Madonna also opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard Candy Fitness. In November 2011, Madonna and MG Icon announced the release of a second fashion brand called Truth or Dare by Madonna to include footwear, underclothing, and accessories. She also directed her second feature film, W.E., a biographic about the affair between King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson; it was co-written with Alek Keshishian. Critical and commercial response to the film was negative. Madonna contributed the ballad "Masterpiece" for the film's soundtrack, which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. Question: Material Girl clothing line is released under which brand?
A: True
Rationale: The answer to given question is 'Macy's', which can be determined from the second sentence of the paragraph "The 1980s inspired clothing line, borrowed from Madonna's punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s, was released under the Macy's label". Since this question is answerable, the output is True.
Q: Passage: According to Sheldon Ungar's comparison with global warming, the actors in the ozone depletion case had a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties. The ozone case communicated to lay persons "with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture" and related to "immediate risks with everyday relevance", while the public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based as well on successfully reducing regional burden sharing conflicts. In case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol, varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions remain an unsolved problem. In the UK, a report for a House of Lords committee asked to urge the IPCC to involve better assessments of costs and benefits of climate change but the Stern Review ordered by the UK government made a stronger argument in favor to combat human-made climate change. Question: Who ordered the Stern Review?
A: | True |
In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in French language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Example input: Question: C'était un cadeau populaire et commun cette année, alors il s'est dirigé vers le quoi où il serait facile de le trouver ?
Options: (A) arbre de noël (B) bas de Noël (C) magasin spécialisé (D) placard (E) grand magasin
Example output: E
Example explanation: The predicted answer is correct because out of given many options only department stores are easy to find.
Q: Question: Que se passe-t-il lorsque l'on se détend trop ?
Options: A satisfaction B la paresse C dormant D revigorant E se sentir mieux
A: | C |
Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct.
Example: We notice a man in a kayak and a yellow helmet coming in from the left. As he approaches, his kayak
Example solution: flips upside - down
Example explanation: Flipping of the kayak is a probable event. It is a logical next statement, given the context.
Problem: A man is seen sitting in a chair as well as shots of people riding wake boards and clips of a dock. The man
| Solution: continues speaking to the camera while more shots of people wake boarding are shown as well as doing flips and tricks. |
In this task, you are given a food review in Persian, and you have to extract aspects of the food mentioned in the text. We define aspects as taste/smell(طعم), nutritional value(ارزش غذایی), product quality(کیفیت), delivery(ارسال), packaging(بسته بندی) and purchase value/price(ارزش خرید). Although there might be multiple aspects in a review, we only need you to write one aspect.
Example input: 10 درصد آب میوه اس با طعم کاملا مصنوعی، شبیه ساندیس های قدیم
Example output: طعم
Example explanation: This is a good example. The review is about the taste of the juice.
Q: حس کردم مثه سابق نیست و لاغرترش کردن برا همین مزه زیادی نمیده.
A: | طعم |
Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: I'm Wang Ping. I'm in Beijing. I like healthy food. I have milk and fruit for breakfast; rice , chicken and vegetables for lunch; vegetables, fruit and salad for dinner. Here is what my friends like eating. Let's have a look! Zhang Jian(inBeijing)Like: Li Ming(inShanghai)Like: Zheng Hui(inBeijing)Like: ,. Question: The passage mainly talks about _ . - how old Wang Ping's friends are - what sports Wang Ping likes playing - where Wang Ping's friends are - what food Wang Ping and his friends like
what food Wang Ping and his friends like
(Question)
Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: "Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell." This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unknown person who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it. We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives. But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives? Picture this. You're rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel? Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave up feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they live simpler lives. One family in the UK went "back in time" to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave , computer or mobile phones. The grandmother, Lyn, said, "The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes." The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a "trendy , beer-drinking granny", to one who cooked things. Question: The passage is mainly about _ . - problems with technology - improvements of our lives with technology - changes happening to technology - the importance of technology
(Answer)
problems with technology
Ques: Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: The workers who brought the girl to the orphanage knew little about her. The street where they found her had been her home for many years. Her parents were unknown. They left her long ago. At the orphanage, the girl, like all the children there, was taught to read and write. While she was studying at the orphanage, she learned something else-to be independent . At twenty-one, she left the orphanage and began to work as a secretary. And then, in 1975, while she was still working as an ordinary secretary, something special happened. She entered the Miss Hong Kong Competition and won it. This was the turning point in her life. Now her name, Mary Cheung, was known to everybody. Mary entered the competition because she wanted to show that orphanage girls could be something. Winning the competition gave her the chance to start a new life. This led her first into television and then into business as a manager. When she was working as a manager, she had trouble with her reports. "My English just wasn't good enough." she says. Luckily, she had a boyfriend (who later became her husband) to help her. Mary studied management at Hong Kong Polytechnic and graduated in 1980. She started her own business in 1985. But she did not stop developing herself. She then studied at the University of Hong Kong. Since 1987, she had spent a lot of time on photography . She has held several exhibitions of her works in many places-China, New Zealand and Paris. She still found time, however, to work on TV, write for newspapers and support her family. The girl from the street has come a long way, but her journey has not finished yet. Question: According to the passage, which of the following sentences is TRUE? - All the children at the orphanage liked Mary. - Mary was not happy working as a secretary. - Mary's boyfriend was good at English. - Mary's life in the orphanage was difficult.
Ans: Mary's boyfriend was good at English.
(Q).
Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: Perhaps the most famous clothing brand name in the world is Levi's.Levi Strauss & Co.is the producer of blue denim jeans.Here's how it happened. In the mid 1800s many people went to California to look for gold.A young German named Levi Strauss traveled to San Francisco to help his brother on business.He sold canvas to the workers for tents.But the workers said they needed pants more,because their pants were easy to wear out.Instead of selling his canvas for tent-making,he turned it into pants.These kinds of pants were very popular with workers.He was very happy and named the kind of pants"denims".And in 1853 he founded Levi Strauss & Co. Twenty years later the company began using a design with pockets.During the working,Strauss _ the process for putting metal rivets in the eans for strength. On May 20,1873,they received the U.S.Patent No.139,121 for the process and that date is now considered the official birthday of"blue jeans". Today the company still has its factories in San Francisco,California.Over 11,000 people work in them and bring in over $4 billion a year. Question: The passage mainly tells us _ . - who invented jeans - how jeans were invented - when jeans were invented - why jeans are so popular
(A).
how jeans were invented
Ques: Read the following article and select the best answer. Article: If you go into the forest with your friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. What should you do if you really get lost? You should sit down and stay where you are. You mustn't try to find your friends. Let them find you. If you want your friends to find you, you need to stay in one place. You can also shout three times. Then stop. Then shout three times again. Keep up shouting. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know you need help and where you are. If you don't think that you can get help before night comes, you should make a little house with some small trees or branches or something else. And make yourself a bed with leaves or grass. When you need some water and you have to leave your little house to look for it, don't just walk away. Leave small branches or something else on the way and then you can find your way back easily. Question: What's the best title for the passage? - Travel in the forest. - Spend a night in the forest. - What to do when get lost in the forest - What to do if we want to get some water.
Ans: | What to do when get lost in the forest |
Given a sentence in German, provide an equivalent paraphrased version from the original that retains the same meaning.
Example: Die NBA-Saison 1975 - 76 war die 30. Saison der National Basketball Association.
Example solution: Die Saison 1975 - 76 der National Basketball Association war die 30. Saison der NBA.
Example explanation: The paraphrase of the original sentence in German is correct and accurate because even though sentence order has been changed, the denotion that the 30th season of the NBA occurred in the years 1975 - 1976 is retained.
Problem: Sie drangen in Aparan, Kotayk, ein und eroberten am 2. April Jerewan.
| Solution: Sie drangen in Aparan, Kotayk ein und nahmen am 2. April Jerewan fest. |
A text is given in English. Translate it from the English language to the Panjabi language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Example input: Jacob Mathew, Mr
Example output: ਯਾਕੂਬ ਮੈਥਿ, ਸ਼੍ਰੀਮਾਨ
Example explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'Jacob Mathew, Mr' which is the same as the output sentence.
Q: The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved the proposal to introduce a Financial Resolution and Deposit Insurance Bill, 2017.
A: | ਮੰਤਰੀ ਮੰਡਲ ਨੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਨੀਦਰਲੈਂਡਜ਼ ਦਰਮਿਆਨ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਸਮਝੌਤੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਵਾਨਗੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ |
A text is given in Gujarati. Translate it from the Gujarati language to the Oriya language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Example input: ଏହି ବୁଝାମଣାପତ୍ରର ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ନିରନ୍ତର ସହର ବିକାଶ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଭାରତ ଏବଂ ବ୍ରିଟେନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସଂସ୍ଥାଗତ ସହଯୋଗ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ କରାଇବା ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ସୁଦୃଢ଼ କରିବା । ସହଯୋଗର କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସ୍ମାର୍ଟ ସିଟିର ବିକାଶ, କଠିନ ବର୍ଜ୍ୟ ପରିଚାଳନା, ପରିବେଶ ଅନୁକୂଳ ଶସ୍ତା ବାସଗୃହ, ବର୍ଜ୍ୟ ଜଳ ପରିଚାଳନା, ସହରୀ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାନଗୁଡ଼ିକର କ୍ଷମତା ନିର୍ମାଣ, ସହରୀ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଦକ୍ଷତା ବିକାଶ, ସହରୀ ପରିବହନ, ଚତୁର ପରିବହନ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଏବଂ ଟ୍ରାଞ୍ଜିଟ-କୈନ୍ଦ୍ରିକ ବିକାଶ, ଆର୍ଥିକ ପ୍ରସାରରେ ନବୋନ୍ମେଷ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପୃକ୍ତ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର ମଧ୍ୟ ସାମିଲ ରହିଛି । ଉଭୟ ପକ୍ଷ ଏହି କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସହଯୋଗ ଲାଗି ଆପୋସ ସହମତି ବ୍ୟକ୍ତ କରିଥିଲେ ।
Example output: આ નસીબના વિકાસમાં, ભારતને ઇન્ટરનેટમાં ચાર્જ કરવામાં આવશે અને તેને મજબૂત કરવામાં આવશે. કેપેલોલોગ મેન્યુઅલ મેનેજમેન્ટ, મનોરંજન, ક્ષમતાઓની પરંપરાગત, શહેરી સંસ્થાઓ, શહેરી પ્રવેશ, અને અન્ય સંબંધિત-કેની-કાનનીએ છોડી દીધી છે. બંને પક્ષો આ ક્ષેત્રોમાં બચાવ સાથે સંકળાયેલા Assusespa સાથે સંમત થાય છે.
Example explanation: Correct translation for given sentence. Input sentence means 'In the development of this foolity, India will be charged and strengthen it in the Internet. Capoalog Manual Management, entertainment, customary of capabilities, urban establishments, urban entrances, and the other related-kani-kani The have left over. Both the parties agree to the asusespa associated with rescue in these fields.' which is the same as the output sentence.
Q: ଶ୍ରୀ ନରେନ୍ଦ୍ର ମୋଦୀ କହିଥିଲେ ଯେ ସଂଯୋଗ ଏବଂ ଉନ୍ନୟନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ସିଧାସଳଖ ସଂପୃକ୍ତି ରହିଛି । ସେ କହିଲେ ଯେ ମେଟ୍ରୋ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏହି ଅଂଚଳରେ ଅଧିକ ନିଯୁକ୍ତି ସୁଯୋଗ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହେବ ।
A: | તે પહેલા નાણામંત્રી શ્રી પીયુષ ગોયલે છેલ્લા ચાર વર્ષો દરમિયાન ભારતીય અર્થતંત્રને ઊંચા સ્તરે લઇ જવા માટે કેન્દ્ર સરકાર દ્વારા લેવામાં આવેલ પગલાઓની રૂપરેખા આપી હતી. |
Instructions: Write an inquisitive question about a specific text span in a given sentence such that the answer is not in the text.
Input: Sentence: They have served as diplomatic tools to ratchet up or ease political pressure .<sep>Span: diplomatic tools
Output: | How have they served as diplomatic tools? |
Two analogies that relate items to whether they are trash or treasure is given in the form "A : B. C : ?". Items marked as "trash" are considered to not have value and can be disposed, whereas those marked as "treasure" are considered valuable items that must be retained. "A : "B relates item A to whether it is trash or treasure, as specified by B. Your task is to replace the question mark (?) with either `trash` or `treasure` for the given item C, following the "A : B" relation.
Example input: book : treasure. pillow : ?
Example output: treasure
Example explanation: The analogy models a trash/treasure relation. Books are associated with treasure, pillows are associated with treasure
Q: book : treasure. crumbs : ?
A: | trash |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given dvd product reviews in Japanese language. The goal is to classify the review as "POS" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEG" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
Q: 無限大の暗さ… . と、無限大な、位監督が伝えようとしていることが、分からない。
A: | NEG |
Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
"The Height of the season," said Bonamy.
The sun had already blistered the paint on the backs of the green chairs in Hyde Park; peeled the bark off the plane trees; and turned the earth to powder and to smooth yellow pebbles. Hyde Park was circled, incessantly, by turning wheels.
"The height of the season," said Bonamy sarcastically.
He was sarcastic because of Clara Durrant; because Jacob had come back from Greece very brown and lean, with his pockets full of Greek notes, which he pulled out when the chair man came for pence; because Jacob was silent.
"He has not said a word to show that he is glad to see me," thought Bonamy bitterly.
The motor cars passed incessantly over the bridge of the Serpentine; the upper classes walked upright, or bent themselves gracefully over the palings; the lower classes lay with their knees cocked up, flat on their backs; the sheep grazed on pointed wooden legs; small children ran down the sloping grass, stretched their arms, and fell.
"Very urbane," Jacob brought out.
"Urbane" on the lips of Jacob had mysteriously all the shapeliness of a character which Bonamy thought daily more sublime, devastating, terrific than ever, though he was still, and perhaps would be for ever, barbaric, obscure.
What superlatives! What adjectives! How acquit Bonamy of sentimentality of the grossest sort; of being tossed like a cork on the waves; of having no steady insight into character; of being unsupported by reason, and of drawing no comfort whatever from the works of the classics?
1. Who is speaking?
2. What do they say?
3. Are they being serious?
4. Why?
5. What is her last name?
6. Why else?
7. In what way?
8. Why else?
9. Had he expressed happiness to see him?
10. Is this upsetting him?
11. What is going on around him?
12. Where?
13. Over what?
14. What else are they looking at?
15. Doing what?
16. Anything else?
17. And the other people?
18. Who else?
19. On their stomachs?
20. What does the other person say?
21. Does this excite him?
Numbered answers:
1. Bonamy
2. The Height of the season
3. No
4. because of Clara
5. Durrant
6. Jacob had come back from Greece
7. very brown and lean
8. Jacob was silent
9. No
10. Yes
11. motor cars passed
12. over the bridge
13. the Serpentine
14. children
15. They ran down the grass
16. stretched their arms, and fell
17. the upper classes walked upright
18. the lower classes lay
19. No
20. "Very urbane,"
21. Yes
Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be "like a magic carpet...You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag". Then he paused: "But you'll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel." It was a rare -- indeed unique -- occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout's Wonderful Bag, a leather case. Grout's aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesn't that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grout's day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn't do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated tyre. So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse . Throughout, the tyre remains inflated. Will the young Fitzsimons's folding wheel make it into production? I haven't the foggiest idea. But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It's as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago: there's plenty still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than PS1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane -- minus wheels, of course -- as hand baggage. Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie's imagination? No. But it's progress.
1. Who invented the folding bicycle?
2. He once compared the perfect portable bike to what?
3. Who eventually invented the folding wheel?
4. What was Grout's bike called?
5. The case was made of what material?
6. He wanted a bike small enough for what?
7. In the 21st century, is the folding wheel concept dead?
8. What is the name of the British designer?
9. What did he create?
10. Can you buy a folding bike?
Numbered answers:
1. Andrew Ritchie
2. a magic carpet
3. William Henry James Grout
4. Grout Portable
5. Leather
6. train travel
7. No
8. Duncan Fitzsimons
9. wheel
10. Yes
Question:
Read the text and answer the questions.
Lebanon, officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km (4,036 sq. mi.), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland Asian continent.
The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back more than seven thousand years, predating recorded history. Lebanon was the home of the Canaanites/Phoenicians and their kingdoms, a maritime culture that flourished for over a thousand years (c. 1550–539 BC). In 64 BC, the region came under the rule of the Roman Empire, and eventually became one of the Empire's leading centers of Christianity. In the Mount Lebanon range a monastic tradition known as the Maronite Church was established. As the Arab Muslims conquered the region, the Maronites held onto their religion and identity. However, a new religious group, the Druze, established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, generating a religious divide that has lasted for centuries. During the Crusades, the Maronites re-established contact with the Roman Catholic Church and asserted their communion with Rome. The ties they established with the Latins have influenced the region into the modern era.
1. About how long ago was the first civilization in Lebanon?
2. Was this before recorded history?
3. Was it a land based culture?
4. Who lived there?
5. Were they there a long time?
6. Approximately how long?
7. Who took over after that?
8. Was it a Jewish state then?
9. What tradition was established there?
10. What was it called?
11. Was this in the mountains?
12. Were the Maronites forced to change their beliefs when the Muslims came in?
13. What other group came to prominence at that time?
14. Did they get along well?
15. What happened with the Maronites during the Crusades?
16. Are those influences still felt today?
17. Is Lebanon a sovereign state?
18. Name a country that borders it/
19. What country is Lebanon north of?
20. Is it one of the larger countries in Asia?
| Numbered answers:
1. seven thousand years
2. yes
3. no
4. the Canaanites/Phoenicians
5. yes
6. over a thousand years
7. the Roman Empire
8. no
9. a monastic tradition
10. the Maronite Church
11. yes
12. no
13. the Druze
14. no
15. they re-established contact with the Roman Catholic Church
16. yes
17. yes
18. Syria
19. Israel
20. no |
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Bulgarian language. Here, your job is to convert bulgarian sentence into the english language.
Example: Състав на Парламента: вж. протоколи
Example solution: Membership of Parliament: see Minutes
Example explanation: Bulgarian sentence is converted into english sentence.
Problem: График на следващите заседания: вж. протокола
| Solution: Dates for next sittings: see Minutes |
In this task, you are given an ambiguous question/query (which can be answered in more than one way) and a clarification statement to understand the query more precisely. Your task to classify that if the given clarification accurately clarifies the given query or not and based on that provide 'Yes' or 'No'.
Query: Find information on Porterville.
Clarification: are you interested in what their job duties are | No |
In this task you are given a Chinese paragraph related to a criminal case, your job is to give an answer of what the criminal charge is. Take note a) if there are multiple charges only one needs to be outputted b) the criminal charge should be in Chinese.
Example input: 昌宁县人民检察院指控，2014年4月19日下午16时许，被告人段某驾拖车经过鸡飞乡澡塘街子，时逢堵车，段某将车停在“冰凉一夏”冷饮店门口，被害人王某的侄子王2某示意段某靠边未果，后上前敲打车门让段某离开，段某遂驾车离开，但对此心生怨愤。同年4月21日22时许，被告人段某酒后与其妻子王1某一起准备回家，走到鸡飞乡澡塘街富达通讯手机店门口时停下，段某进入手机店内对被害人王某进行吼骂，紧接着从手机店出来拿得一个石头又冲进手机店内朝王某头部打去，致王某右额部粉碎性骨折、右眼眶骨骨折。经鉴定，被害人王某此次损伤程度为轻伤一级。
Example output: 故意伤害
Example explanation: The phrase 'hit Wang on the head' implies that the criminal charge is assault/battery.
Q: 广西壮族自治区玉林市福绵区人民检察院指控，2015年3月27日3时许，被告人庞某明知是犯罪所得的摩托车仍以2900元的价钱向庞某1购买该车（价值7842元）。当日11时许，被告人庞某欲将该车以3200元的的价钱卖给罗某时被公安民警抓获。对指控的事实，检察机关提交相应的证据，并认为被告人庞某明知是犯罪所得的赃物而予以收购、转卖，其行为构成掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得罪。被告人庞某如实供述自己的罪行，是坦白，可以从轻处罚。请求本院适用《中华人民共和国刑法》××、××××的规定，对被告人庞某定罪处罚。
A: | [掩饰、隐瞒][犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益] |
Output a stream of consciousness before answering the following. Context: Deuces is an American crime drama written and directed by Jamal Hill. The film stars Larenz Tate, Meagan Good, Lance Gross and Siya. The film is executive produced by Queen Latifah for her production company Flavor Unit Entertainment. Deuces premiered on Netflix on April 1, 2017.
Question: what year did the movie deuces come out? | The relevant sentence in the passage is: Deuces premiered on Netflix on April 1, 2017.
The answer: 2017. |
In this task, you are presented with a term, a question, and a yes/no answer. For context, the term is associated with a short description. Write the simple facts one needs to know in order to answer the given question. The facts should be easily found on the web (e.g. mentioned in a Wikipedia page)
Let me give you an example: Term: Cooking oil, Description: Oil consumed by humans, from vegetable or animal origin., Question: Can all types of cooking oil be poured?, Answer:No
The answer to this example can be: Fact1: Some oils contain saturated fat, such as coconut oil and palm oil Fact2: Saturated fats are solid at room temperature
Here is why: This is a good answer. For answering this question you need to know both facts.
OK. solve this:
Term: ITunes, Description: media player and library software, Question: Dpes ITunes have more songs than Google Play?, Answer:Yes
Answer: | Fact1: ITunes has ~43 million songs. Fact2: Google Play has ~40 million songs. |
Given the question: I showed up at the address on Columbine's invitation just before eleven; it was a converted warehouse in an industrial zone on the city's north side. Since it was a Saturday night, everything else was empty for miles. The parking lot was filled with sports cars, hybrids, and shiny suburban tanks. The door facing the parking lot was open, spilling out muted lights and the din of yuppie chatter. It cast a somewhat foreboding aura over the entrance. The first thing I noticed as I approached was the beefy refrigerator in a rented tux blocking the doorway. The second thing was the surveillance camera perched on the wall above his head. I had stopped home and changed first, so I was sure I was dressed mostly appropriately for some rich faux-hipster art party - charcoal gray pinstripe jacket over a TV on the Radio t-shirt, skinny cuffed jeans, Docs, and a black fedora. I certainly didn't look any worse than the other idiots I saw filing in and out of the door. I even had an invitation. So I was fairly confident I'd be able to gain admission to this thing without incident. "No, absolutely not," the doorman said, pressing a meaty palm into my chest. "I was invited!" I said, exasperated. "I have documentation." I waved the rave card in front of his face. "No dice." I stepped aside to let a couple of aging goths through the door and wondered for a moment if the doorman somehow knew who I was. Then I noticed the ear piece he was wearing and my eyes darted back to the surveillance camera. "Motherfucker," I spat and raised both arms to flip off the camera. I didn't know it at the time, but at that moment Dylan Maxwell was sitting in front of a wall of monitors, laughing his ass off. When did the narrator notice the man in the doorway? - After he left the warehouse - not enough information - When he was in front of the warehouse - Before he got to the warehouse
The answer is: | When he was in front of the warehouse |
Definition: In this task, you will be shown a passage. You need to write a fill-in-the-gap question based on your understanding of the events that might be inferred from the passage. Your question should be answerable based on the passage and only have one correct answer. Show the gap in your question with a _ .
Input: New York (CNN) The Turkish government on Friday moved to seize assets belonging to a gold trader who, a day earlier, testified in US federal court that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan helped Iran evade sanctions. Reza Zarrab, an Iranian-Turkish gold trader currently testifying in a New York criminal trial, is now under investigation by the Terror and Organized Crime Bureau of the Istanbul Public Prosecutor's Office, according to Turkey's state-run Anadolu News Agency. Friday, the Turkish law enforcement agency decided to confiscate property that belongs to Zarrab and his relatives, the news agency said. Zarrab is married to the Turkish pop-folk singer Ebru Gündeş. Zarrab is being investigated for risking the security of the Republic of Turkey and aiding a foreign state.Turkish-Iranian gold trader Reza Zarrab has been testifying in US federal courtHe accused the Turkish President of helping to launder funds for Iran
Output: | Zarrab has pleaded guilty to bank fraud and money laundering, admitted to running the international scheme, and is now testifying against a _ banker on trial. |
Detailed Instructions: A text is given in Oriya. Translate it from the Oriya language to the Telugu language. The translation must not omit or add information to the original sentence.
Q: వర్కింగ్ గ్రూప్ సమావేశాలు ప్రతి రెండేళ్లకోసారి వైకల్పికంగా ఇండియాలో, ఉజ్బెకిస్తాన్ లో జరుగుతాయి.
A: | କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ ଜଳ ଆୟୋଗ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପର ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ବ୍ୟତୀତ ଏହି ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାନ୍ୱୟନର ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନ କରିବା ଲାଗି ଏକ ବିଶେଷଜ୍ଞ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ ସମୀକ୍ଷା ସମିତିର ଗଠନ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ । |
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "date", "number". A "span" answer is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. You can directly copy-paste the text from the passage or the question for span type answers. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words. A "number" type answer can include a digit specifying an actual value. For "date" type answers, use DD MM YYYY format e.g. 11 Jan 1992. If full date is not available in the passage you can write partial date such as 1992 or Jan 1992. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words.
Let me give you an example: Passage: The outbreak of the Seven Years' War in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India. The Third Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore in 1757. However, the war was decided in the south, where the British successfully defended Madras, and Sir Eyre Coote decisively defeated the French, commanded by Comte de Lally at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. The war concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which returned Chandernagore and Pondichéry to France, and allowed the French to have "factories" in India but forbade French traders from administering them. The French agreed to support British client governments, thus ending French ambitions of an Indian empire and making the British the dominant foreign power in India.
Question: Which french settlement did the British capture first, Chandernagore or Pondicherry
Answer type: Span
The answer to this example can be: Chandernagore
Here is why: British captured Chandernagore in 1757 ("The Third Carnatic War spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore in 1757") and Pondicherry in 1761 ("After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761."). Since 1757<1761, the answer is "Chandernagore".
OK. solve this:
Passage: There were 1,882 households of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were Marriage living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.4% were non-families. 37.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 13% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.90.
Question: How many percent are not Marriage couples living together?
Answer type: Number
Answer: | 63.6. |
Given Sentence 1 and Sentence 2, indicate your answer as yes when the two sentences clearly agree or clearly disagree with each other. If the relationship cannot be determined, answer with 'no'.
Example input: A boy in a blue jacket rides a skateboard down the street. <sep> A blue jacketed boy is standing in football field.
Example output: yes
Example explanation: This answer is yes because the boy can either be riding or standing but not both. Since the statements disagree, the answer is yes.
Q: A group of young people pose for a picture in a field <sep> The young people are taking a picture inside.
A: | yes |
Detailed Instructions: This task involves asking a question, providing a set of 2 options. You are expected to choose the best answer to the question. The output will be in the form of A or B, corresponding to which option is chosen.
Problem:Question:Horatio was a legendary Roman hero who defended a bridge against which army? , Options: [A.Etruscan B.Tiber]
Solution: | B |
The drive up to Rick's place in the hills always made me sick. Just after he bought the house with his ill gotten gains from his band's over-hyped, over-marketed, and over-bought sophomore Disc, he drove me out to see it in his beautiful but nauseating '70 Datsun 240 Z. All the smog combined with the pinball effects of winding up the hill at teeth-numbing speeds had me puking for an hour after we got there. I took the last turn at the top of the hill and watched the rising sun crest over the black blocks of the city, her angel wings soiled and cheapened with the soot of 12 million get-away drivers. Rick's house came into view out of the fog, its large glass panes sparkling like the last clean surface of an oversized ashtray. I parked between a blue hatchback and Rick's favorite toy: a 350 horsepower Impreza he had smuggled here from Japan. All his more expensive rides were in the garage, collecting dust and gaining vintage resale value. I rang the bell. I waited and watched a couple of squirrels fight over a small treasure in the bushes. The door opened. "Dingo." "Hey, Luna." Her job as Rick's assistant was to take care of his place while he was out being a rock star. She made sure all his bills were paid, his animals were fed, and that the subsequent fallout from any parties she might have in his absence didn't leave any lasting damage. She was pretty by most standards, gorgeous by others. Short with a tight schoolgirl body and raven hair that teased her avian shoulders. But by whatever standard, her beauty was like a rare and exotic bird she kept caged behind the bars of her perfect teeth. As soon as she opened her mouth it flew away. What did Dingo think of Luna? Pick the correct answer from the following options: A. He thought she was pretty B. He thought she was quite rude C. not enough information D. He thought she was an exotic bird
A
(Question)
WHITE HOUSE — U.S. President Donald Trump on Friday met for 80 minutes in the Oval Office with a general he described as the second most powerful man in North Korea. Afterward, Trump told reporters on the White House South Lawn that the June 12 summit in Singapore between him and North Korea's leader, Kim Jong Un, was back on. Trump, however, sought to quell some of the high expectations, saying the summit would "be a beginning" and subsequent discussions were likely to be needed to get Pyongyang to agree to denuclearization. "We're not going to go in and sign something on June 12th, and we never were," he said. "We're going to start a process." Trump declared he "never said it happens in one meeting," but that it "will ultimately be a successful process." Asked by VOA News whether the North Koreans had committed to complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization, Trump replied only that "we talked about a lot of things." 'Take your time' The president said he told Kim Yong Chol, the former head of North Korean military intelligence, "Take your time. We can go fast. We can go slowly." The president made clear that sanctions on North Korea would not be lifted, however, until the country agreed to give up its nuclear arsenal. As the negotiations over the Singapore summit play out in public, there is a sense among some observers that Trump and Kim Jong Un each have a clear sense of the deal they ultimately want to strike. Less clear is whether the U.S. and North Korean visions can match up in any meaningful way. "Singapore might be the first time people will have to put their cards on the table," a U.S. official said on the condition of anonymity. Upon his arrival Friday at the White House, Kim Yong Chol, who is under U.S. sanctions for links to cyberattacks against American companies, delivered a letter from Kim Jong Un. While Trump did not reveal the contents, he described the gesture as "very nice." How long did Trump meet with the second most powerful man in North Korea? Pick the correct answer from the following options: A. they met a long time B. not enough information C. 80 minutes D. they met for over an hour
(Answer)
C
Surely the best thing about colomba, the Easter equivalent to panettone, is the sugared, toasted almond topping that covers the whole thing and crumbles when you cut it, so you sort of have no choice but just to pick up the crusty sugary bits and eat those on their own. I’d always thought that colomba would make a very good baking project but was somewhat intimated by getting the right shape — it’s vaguely in the shape of a dove, if you use your imagination — and texture — wonderfully soft, fluffy, sweet yeasted bread. I had attempted making panettone (this fig, walnut and date panettone) a few years ago with fair results — absolutely delicious results, actually, they were just not as fluffy and bouncy as expertly made ones from your favourite pastry shop where panettoni are hung upside-down to maintain their height and airiness. But when I came across the familiar brown and gold paper forms for making colomba at the supermarket, I thought I’m only ever going to get a chance to make this now! Like the panettone, I referred to my favourite baking book for Italian specialties, Carol Field’s The Italian Baker. Field recounts a bit of history behind the colomba, which I’m sure is little known to anyone these days. Colomba is a fixture at Easter tables all around Italy (and is often given as presents), even though it comes from the north of Italy, Pavia. It is one of those traditions that are now a given, where a slice of colomba, perhaps eaten with pieces of a cracked chocolate Easter egg and an espresso or a glass of dessert wine, is a welcome end to the meal (or indeed breakfast the next day). But the legend behind it is a medieval one and rather disturbing — maybe it was made up to encourage young girls to learn how to bake their own colomba (and make sure it was good) to get themselves out of sticky, undesirable situations. What did the narrator make? Pick the correct answer from the following options: A. Something savory B. not enough information C. Something sugared D. Something sour
| C |
Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence from the research paper and your task is to classify the given sentence into the following categories: Background (Why is this problem important? What relevant works have been created before? What is still missing in the previous works? What are the high-level research questions? How might this help other research or researchers?), Purpose (What specific things do the researchers want to do? What specific knowledge do the researchers want to gain? What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test?), Method (How did the researchers do the work or find what they sought? What are the procedures and steps of the research?), or Finding (What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? Did the thing behave as the researchers expected?).
Input: and all experimental possibilities for a new vaccine development against a pathogen should be studied in detail.
Output: | background |
In this task, you have to generate the title of the recipe given its required ingredients and directions.
Example: ingredients: '1 cup minced onion', '1 1/2 tablespoons lemon juice', '3/4 teaspoon Hungarian paprika', '3/4 teaspoon ground cayenne pepper', '1/4 teaspoon salt', <sep> directions: 'Rinse onions in sieve under cold running water; drain.', 'Mix together ingredients in a small bowl; allow flavors to meld over 1 hour period before serving.', 'Serve as table condiment with Indian foods, samosas, pakoras, along with other chutneys.'
Example solution: Indian Hot Onion Relish
Example explanation: By knowing the ingredients and its recipe, the title of the dish is predicted correctly.
Problem: ingredients: '12 cup butter', '1 cup packed brown sugar', '1 teaspoon vanilla', '2 tablespoons milk', '1 large egg', '1 cup all-purpose flour', '12 cup chopped nuts, if desired', '1 teaspoon baking powder', '12 teaspoon salt',<sep> directions: 'Heat oven to 3503F.', 'Grease bottom and sides of square pan, 8x8x2 inches.', 'Melt/Soften butter.', 'Stir in brown sugar, vanilla, milk and egg.', 'Stir in remaining ingredients.', 'Spread in pan.', 'Bake about 23 minutes or until golden brown.', 'DONT OVER COOK!', 'Cool 5 minutes in pan on wire rack.', 'For brownies, cut into 4 rows by 4 rows while warm.'
| Solution: Original Butterscotch Brownies |
In this task, based on the given input, we ask you to write a question about when an event happened. Your question should be answerable with common knowledge on when events usually take place. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M). Don't create questions which have explicit mentions of answers in the text. Instead, it has to be implied from what is given. In other words, we want you to use "instinct" or "common sense". The written questions are not required to have a single correct answer.
Example: Sentence: Jack played basketball after school, after which he was very tired.
Example solution: When did Jack play basketball?
Example explanation: This event likely happened between 3PM to 8PM (definitely not 2AM). Therefore, this question is correct.
Problem: Sentence: Despite his quick climb up the legal ladder, Bailey has always found time to help out in causes he feels strongly about.
| Solution: When did he first start helping out in causes he feels strongly about? |
In this task, we ask you to write an answer to a question about when an event happened. For example, "going to school" usually happens during the day (not at 2 A.M). Note that a lot of the questions could have more than one correct answer. We only need a single most-likely answer. Please try to keep your "answer" as simple as possible. Concise and simple "answer" is preferred over those complex and verbose ones.
Example: Sentence: Jack played basketball after school, after which he was very tired.
Question: When did Jack play basketball?
Example solution: 4 PM.
Example explanation: This event likely happened between 3PM to 8PM. This is a good answer.
Problem: Sentence: The factory is highly automated and designed to shift flexibly to produce many different kinds of chips to suit demand.
Question: When is the factory making chips?
| Solution: 1:00 PM. |
Definition: In this task, you are given a piece of an article. Your task is to generate a short summary of the text. Try to give the summary in just one sentence.
Input: In what could be a disgrace to Manipur Police, the chargesheet copies of about 50 important criminal cases were found missing from various Police Stations in the State.
Output: | The chargesheet copies of about 50 important cases were found missing. |
Given a sentence in English, provide an equivalent paraphrased translation in Korean that retains the same meaning both through the translation and the paraphrase.
Example input: The NBA season of 1975 -- 76 was the 30th season of the National Basketball Association .
Example output: National Basketball Association의 1975 - 76 시즌은 NBA의 30 번째 시즌이었다.
Example explanation: This is a correct and accurate translation from English to Korean because the translated paraphrase retains the main message that between the years 1975-1976, the 30th NBA season occurred.
Q: He was a scholar in Metaphysical Literature , Theology and Classical sciences .
A: | 그는 형이상학 문학, 신학 및 고전 과학 학자였습니다. |
The input contains a debate topic, an argument on the topic and a keypoint, separated by "<sep>". Your task is to answer if the keypoint matches the argument and summarizes exactly what the argument means, in the context of the given topic.
Q: Topic: We should legalize sex selection<sep>Argument: People shouldn't be allowed to play god<sep>Keypoint: It is unethical/unhealthy for parents to intervene
A: | True |
Given a sentence in German, generate a new German sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
Q: Sie würden einen Designer kaufen, weil Sie die Eigenschaften, die es anders machen wollen.
A: | Sie würden einen Stier wachsen, weil Sie die Eigenschaften, die es exzellent machen wollen. |
Q:Given the question "What are these two people talking about?" and the answer "Things to wear.", write a conversation that might have happened.
A: | W: What kind of dress are you looking for?M: Since it's getting warmer this time of the year, I want something lightweight. What do you think would be the best? |
Subsets and Splits