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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Brian Kemp closed 214 polling places.\n\nQ1: Were 214 polling stations closed while Brian Kemp was in office?\nA1: 214 \n\n\"Georgia, a state where 31 percent of the population is African American and 9 percent is Latino, has 214 fewer polling places. Georgia stands out because its counties have closed higher percentages of voting locations than any other state in our study.\"",
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"content": "justification: The supporting data was taken from publicly available records.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp put 53,000 registration voters on hold, 70% of whom were Black.\n\nQ1: How many registration voters did Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp put on hold?\nA1: At least 53,000 voter registration applications\n\nQ2: How many registration votes by African Americans were put on hold?\nA2: 70% of votes by African Americans were put on hold.\n\nQ3: Why were 53,000 voter registrations on hold?\nA3: Kemp’s office is holding the applications because they were flagged in the state’s “exact match” process. Under this system, information on a voter application must exactly match data on file with the state’s Department of Driver Services or the Social Security Administration. If the information does not match — often due to things like a misspelled name, a middle name not being fully written out, or a missing hyphen — an application is held for additional screening and the applicant is notified and given a period to correct their information.\n\nQ4: Would voters whose vote registers were held still be able to vote in person?\nA4: Yes, because Kemp’s office has repeatedly argued that voters flagged in the system will still be able to vote on Election Day if they present identification.",
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"content": "justification: The Q&A sources give information verifying that the claim is correct.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Samora Machel once said, if you are applauded by white people then you must know that there is something wrong with you.\n\nQ1: Who is Samora Machel?\nA1: He is former president of South Africa’s neighbour Mozambique and leader of anti-colonial armed group Frelimo\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence that he said this?\nA2: Shivambu, the deputy president and parliamentary chief whip of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) claimed that Machel used to say this, and Shivambu posted this on his twitter without sources.\n\nQ3: Is this in character with Machel?\nA3: No, because It was well documented that Machel was a lifelong anti-racist and welcomed white people born in Mozambique to join in Frelimo's struggle. He also appointed white people in his government.",
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"content": "justification: Seems from the 3nd QA that the claim would be out of character with Machrl. Moreover, the 2nd claim states that this was done without a prior justification. Therefore claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Irregular expenditure by the government of South Africa’s Western Cape province rose from R23 million in the 2016/17 financial year to R44 million in 2017/18 – an increase of R21 million.\n\nQ1: What is irregular expenditure?\nA1: Irregular expenditure is expenditure that was not incurred in the manner prescribed by legislation; in other words, somewhere in the process that led to the expenditure, the auditee did not comply with the applicable legislation.\nSuch expenditure does not necessarily mean that money had been wasted or that fraud had been committed. It is an indicator of non-compliance in the process that needs to be investigated by management to determine whether it was an unintended error, negligence or done with the intention to work against the requirements of legislation (which, for example, require that procurement should be fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective).\n\nQ2: What was South Africa's Western Cape provinces irregular expenditure in 2016/17?\nA2: R423 Billion.\n\nQ3: What was South Africa's Western Cape provinces irregular expenditure in 2017/18?\nA3: R44 Million.",
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"content": "justification: The irregular expenditure increased from R23 million in 2016-2017 to R44 in 2017-2018 which is an increase of R21 million. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Applying toothpaste on acne spots can help reduce its size.\n\nQ1: Are there ingredients in toothpaste that help reduce acne spots better than conventional treatments\nA1: \"Toothpaste contains certain ingredients -- baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, menthol, essential oils, triclosan -- that cause pimples to dry out,\" However, \"there are no ingredients in toothpaste that make this method more effective than conventional treatments.\n\nQ2: What does toothpaste do to acne\nA2: Toothpaste irritates the skin, so some may believe that it dries out pimples, but what it really does is irritate and cause redness and peeling\n\nQ3: Can toothpaste be used to treat pimples?\nA3: An internet search turns up many quick-fixes for pimples. Here’s Dr. Khetarpal’s take on some of the most common ones.\n\nToothpaste. Many toothpastes contain ingredients like alcohol or baking soda that may help dry out a pimple. But, toothpaste also contains other ingredients that aren’t intended to be put directly on your face. She cautions that using toothpaste to treat a pimple could possibly irritate your skin.\n\nQ4: What are the cons of using toothpaste on acne spots?\nA4: Skin irritation\n\nApplying the paste on acne is one of the most tried and tested home remedies. The ingredient triclosan kills the bacteria causing acne on the skin. This ingredient immediately acts on the pimple and gives you fast results and sounds very promising. But, this hack also comes with a lot of skin irritation. The paste is made for teeth, which means the concentration is higher and harsher, hence the itching and the burning sensation is caused.\n\nDryness\n\nWhen it comes to those big hideous pimples, toothpaste can immediately decrease the size. You may banish the pimple size, but this will also make your skin extremely dry. If you have acne-prone skin, then you can even witness more zits with the skin irritation and dryness.\n\nScars\n\nAt worst situations, applying the paste on acne can also lead to scars. For those angry red zits, toothpaste will cause a lot of burning sensation, which will eventually dry out the pimple. But with such harsh reaction, sometimes you can also be left with an ugly acne scar.\n\nQ5: Does toothpaste help reduce acne?\nA5: The reason why toothpaste is said to help reduce acne is an ingredient called triclosan, which is antibacterial and assists in killing the acne causing bacteria. However, triclosan is a controversial ingredient which has been liked to hormone disruption, so many companies are ditching the component altogether. So, if the toothpaste does not contain triclosan, you might not get any acne healing results.",
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"content": "justification: QA pairs conflict each other. Some state dry out skin and helps and others say cause further irritation.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: George Stinney Jr was 14 years old when he was convicted of murder and executed by the US state of South Carolina in 1944.\n\nQ1: How old was George Stinney when he was convicted of murder and electrocuted\nA1: South Carolina electrocuted 14-year-old George Stinney, the youngest person to be executed by an American state since the 1800s",
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"content": "justification: Seems from the answer to the question that the event did in fact happen. Therefore, the claim is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Women have to be 25 years old, married, have at least one son and one daughter, and have her husband's consent to get a tubal ligation.\n\nQ1: What is the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommendations to physicians about tubal ligation?\nA1: The Committee on Practice Bulletins-Gynecology of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has released a practice bulletin on sterilization. “ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 46: Benefits and Risks of Sterilization” appears in the September 2003 issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology.\n\nAccording to ACOG, tubal sterilization may be recommended as a safe and effective method for women who desire permanent contraception. Women should be counseled that tubal ligation is not intended to be reversible; therefore, those who do not want permanent contraception should be counseled to consider other methods of contraception.\n\nTo reduce future regret, the patient and her partner, when appropriate, should be counseled.",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pair, tubal ligation is a choice made by the woman deciding on getting the treatment. The only requirements to receive this treatment is counselling as it is an irreversible form of contraception. \"When appropiate\" the patients partner can be counselled too. You do not need to have 2 children, married and 25 to get tubal ligation. Therefore, this claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mayonnaise containing starch is harmful.\n\nQ1: Are foods containing starch harmful?\nA1: No, because Starchy foods are our main source of carbohydrate and have an important role in a healthy diet.\n\nQ2: Does mayonnaise contain starch?\nA2: Generally yes although starch free mayonnaise has been developed.",
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pairs confirm both that mayo contains starch, and that it is not harmful.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Shops buy apples that are coated with wax.\n\nQ1: Do apples naturally have a coat of wax?\nA1: Yes, because Pick an apple off a tree, buff it a little and it will shine! That’s because the fruit is coated with a layer of natural wax that protects it from drying out and helps to prevent fungi from getting a foothold.\n\nQ2: What is an apple's natural wax made of?\nA2: The wax is a mixture of up to fifty different compounds, most of which fall into the chemical category known as esters. There are also alcohols like heptacosanol and malol as well as hydrocarbons such as triacontane, C30H62. This compound can also be isolated from petroleum and is sometimes applied to fruit to supplement its natural wax. In that case chemophobes kick and scream about a petroleum derivative being applied to their fruit but there is no difference between triacontane produced by an apple isolated from petroleum.\n\nQ3: Do shop bought apples still have their natural wax?\nA3: No, because After apples are picked they are washed before they appear in the supermarket to remove dirt and chemical residues. This process also removes the wax. Since the waxy layer prevents moisture in the apple from escaping, its loss shortens the storage time for the fruit.\n\nQ4: Do apple producers spray them with wax?\nA4: Yes, because Producers therefore spray the fruit with a thin layer of wax to prevent such moisture loss as well as to make the apple look more appealing. The applied layer is very thin, only about 3 mg of wax coat an apple.",
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"content": "justification: Direct confirmation from a trusted source.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A video claiming to show “shocking secrets of the food industry” said You can check whether honey has been diluted with sugar syrup by washing it in water to reveal a honeycomb pattern and the honey’s genetic memory.\n\nQ1: Why does a honeycomb-like pattern sometimes appear when you mix honey in water?\nA1: University of the Sunshine Coast's Dr Peter Brooks, a chemist with extensive knowledge of the chemical composition of honey, said he would not trust results to come out of DIY tests found on the internet. \"We see a lot of honeys coming through our lab … they can be anything from thin, depending on the species of tree it comes from, or it can be very thick,\" Dr Brooks said. \"I imagine honeys we test in our labs, half of them would pass these tests and half would fail, almost randomly. \"And if you get a good fake honey, one that simulates honey fairly well, you can't tell the difference by the tests they're proposing between a good fake honey and a normal honey. \"Good fake honeys are made to mimic a real honey, and they're very hard to tell the difference between them sometimes. I don't think you can tell the difference on these simple tests.\"\n\nQ2: Does honey have a genetic memory?\nA2: No, because Honey is made up of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other compounds. It contains no genetic material, therefore does not have 'genetic memory'.",
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"content": "justification: The evidence finds that the honeycomb pattern in honey can differ depending on the species of tree it came from. It is even very hard to tell the difference between fake and real honey. Honey also has no genetic memory and is made up of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other compounds. Hence, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: IF any Nigerian Bank fails to return your money within 24 hours of a failed online transfer, they will be fined 10,000 naira. The money goes to YOU! All you need to do is report the issue to Central Bank ([email protected]) and they will surely take it up.\n\nQ1: As of the date of the claim, was there a regulation in place stipulating how Nigerian financial institutions should react to failed payments?\nA1: A circular to all financial institutions in September 2018, directing them to reverse failed payments -- official name being Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS) Instant Payment (NIP) -- into customers’ accounts within a day, or pay a 10,000 naira ($28) fine for each item “based on complaints of sender and/ or beneficiary.\n\nQ2: Does official documentation state affected customers stand in line to recieve the 10,000 naira fine for a failed online transfer?\nA2: No, because The regulation is completely silent on where each 10,000 naira fine goes.",
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"content": "justification: The 2nd Q&A pair confirms what the claim says about a fine on banks who fail to return customers funds in a set timeframe of a failed transfere, However it points out that the regulation iteelf does not say who receives the fines, so there is no way of knowing if it does go to the customer as is claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sen. Ted Cruz's 2018 campaign tried to trick elderly Texans with suspicious mailers\n\nQ1: Was there anything controversial about any campaign letters sent out by Senator Ted Cruz in 2018?\nA1: Ted Cruz’s Senate re-election campaign has been sending voters in Texas a fund-raising letter in an envelope labeled “summons enclosed,” drawing criticism from some who called it misleading and raising questions about whether such a practice was legal.\n\nConfusion arises not just from the letter itself but from the envelope it arrives in.\n\nThe fund-raising appeal comes in an envelope with the words “SUMMONS ENCLOSED — OPEN IMMEDIATELY” written across it in large capital letters. In the upper left-hand corner are three lines of text: “Official Travis County Summons, Voter Enrollment Campaign Division, Ted Cruz for Senate 2018.”\n\nQ2: Were the 2018 campaign letters sent out by Ted Cruz in envelopes labelled “summons enclosed”, directly targeting elderly Texans?\nA2: No, because However the concern that elderly voters could be tricked was raised when a photo of one of the letters was posted to Twitter on Sunday by Sean Owen, a data scientist who said it arrived at his home in Austin, Tex., and was addressed to his grandmother, who lived there until she died in April.\n\n“My grandmother was facing cognitive decline at the end of her life and I think if she’d read this she might have been deceived by it,” he said in a phone interview. “It feels shady.”\n\nQ3: Were the 2018 campaign letters sent out by Ted Cruz in envelopes labelled “summons enclosed”, illegal?\nA3: No, because The practice is legal according to Myles Martin, a spokesman for the Federal Election Commission, who said the salient question was whether a mailing contains a disclaimer saying that it came from a political campaign. And this one did.\n\nAside from that, he said in an email, “the F.E.C.’s regulations don’t speak to how candidates may choose to word particular solicitations to potential contributors.”\n\nThe letter inside the envelope is more clearly part of a fund-raising effort. The Cruz campaign logo appears at the top of the letter and recipients are given the option to donate a preselected amount of money or to write in their own denominations.\n\nThe letter echoes its envelope, though, in its use of language — like “campaign summons” and “conservative affirmation” — that sounds more legal than colloquial.\n\nQ4: Did the 2018 campaign letters sent out by Ted Cruz in envelopes labelled “summons enclosed” raise any ethical concerns?\nA4: Yes, because The San-Antonio Express News wrote an editorial headlined: Cruz should rethink his \"summons\" mailer.\nThe editorial said:\n“.. the problem is the Cruz campaign has made the envelope look much like a legal summons, which can be pretty serious. A summons occurs when a person is sued or ordered to appear in court. Most people are probably not thrilled about getting such a summons.\n\nA reader brought this mailer to our attention because she viewed it as misleading and intimidating. \n\n… we think the Cruz campaign could do without the legal summons language on the envelope. It’s just too official looking…. It’s understandable he would want to summon conservative support. But certainly his campaign can do that without making it look like a legal threat, right?”",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 confirms what the claim says about Ted Cruz sending mailers out, However Q&A 2 points out they were not aimed only at elderly people but elderly people did receive them too, so some cherry picking, \nQ&A 4 points out that people did think they were designed to trick people though so also confirming what the claim says about tricking elderly people, but not elderly people only so again some cherry picking.\n\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Consuming a wax-coated apple can kill you.\n\nQ1: What is the wax covering apples?\nA1: It’s not artificial, but a natural wax that we call “Abura-agari” in Japanese.\n\nQ2: Why are apples covered in wax?\nA2: Fruits like plums, apples, pears etc. have natural wax covering for the retainment of moisture and firmness, and slow down of the natural degradation.\n\nBut it is not possible for the farmers and the storekeepers to keep the fruits fresh and juicy for several months at a stretch. Additional food grade wax is being used for increasing the fruit’s shelf-life.\n\nQ3: Is the wax on Apples toxic?\nA3: No. It is not toxic. Apples grow with a natural wax. Pick an apple straight from the tree and it does not have that shiny supermarket lustre. However, rub a freshly picked apple with a cloth or on your thigh like a spin bowler and it will quickly shine up. Apples bound for the greengrocer and supermarket are generally washed, polished and coated in a food-grade glazing agent. Fifteen per cent of Australian apples are coated in carnauba wax made from the leaves of a tropical palm straight from the tree. Most of the other 85 per cent are coated in shellac which is made from the lac beetle. It is not made from the beetle itself but a secretion produced by the female lac beetle to protect her eggs. Another little thing vegans need to look out for. You'll find similar glazing agents on shiny confectionary. For people who are very sensitive to bitterness the wax can be perceived as a little bit bitter.\n\nQ4: Is the natural wax on apples safe for consumption?\nA4: Since it is of natural origin, it is safe to eat the wax. The linoleic acid and the oleic acid are types of *unsaturated fatty acids and said to have a rich nutritional value.\n(*Unsaturated fatty acid helps decrease bad cholesterol.)\n\nQ5: Is the artificial wax sometimes added onto apples toxic?\nA5: The FDA has certified both the Shellac and Carnauba wax as risk-free for human consumption. Shellac, beewax, petroleum jelly and carnauba are edible waxes. Shellac is used for apple and other fruits coating to make them look shinier. D. Manoharlal (Shellac) Pvt. Ltd., the most prominent Shellac manufacturer of India, has opined that it can be used in coating medicines, confectioneries, food, hats, wood, and cosmetics safely as replacement of Candelilla and Carnauba Wax.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A establish what waxes are on apples and that they are safe for consumption.\nIt might have been useful to ask if the wax is an allergen.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Egyptian authorities are carrying atrocious acts which results in injustice\n\nQ1: What kinds of recorded atrocities have there been in Egypt under President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi?\nA1: Human Rights Watch wrote in its World 2020 report: “Under the guise of fighting terrorism, Egyptian authorities showed utter disregard for the rule of law. Since April 2017, President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi has maintained a nation-wide state of emergency that gives security forces unchecked powers. Security forces used torture and enforced disappearances systematically against dissidents from all backgrounds. Egypt’s use of mass trials and the death penalty has mounted, including death sentences against children and death sentences issued in military trials.”",
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"content": "justification: Evidence of atrocities and their consequences for human rights are explored by the questions. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 80% of workers in Nike overseas factories are women\n\nQ1: what percentage of the workforce in factories including NIKE are women?\nA1: Workers on the factory floor are overwhelmingly women. In developing nations, women comprise 80% of the apparel workforce. These women do tedious work for long hours, often in unsafe conditions– far from home, and for minimal wages.\n\nQ2: Are there more women than men working in Nike's overseas factories?\nA2: A CBC investigative report in October 1996 found that 25,000 workers, mostly young women, work in Vietnamese factories.\n\nQ3: Where are Nike's overseas factories based?\nA3: 75 percent of Nike’s front-line labor force is based in Vietnam, China and Indonesia, representing around 400,000 workers.\n\nQ4: What percentage of the workforce in overseas Nike factories is made up of women?\nA4: Nike estimates that 80 percent of these workers are women aged 18 to 24",
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"content": "justification: The answers support the figures.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Teenage white girl to be tried as 300-pound black man in the USA.\n\nQ1: Who printed the story about the teenage white girl being tried as a black man?\nA1: The Onion\n\nQ2: What sort of publication is the Onion?\nA2: Satire - the satirical weekly has been publishing sardonic news parodies and goofy advice columns since 1988 (the off-kilter interviews didn’t come until the early ’90s)",
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"content": "justification: From the question and answer pairs it seems that the article was meant for satire, there it is not true\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Muslims were filmed while attacking a Hindu Temple in Uttar Pradesh in India.\n\nQ1: What have reports said about the attack?\nA1: Villagers who went to pray at the temple on Sunday morning found the gate shut and heard cries for help. Temple priest Vinod Sharma and sewadar Sultan were murdered in the attack.\n\nQ2: What has the police discovered about the incident?\nA2: When the rural and Karnal police broke into the temple and entered inside the temple, priest Vinod Sharma of Badnara village of Nising and Sevadar Sultan, a resident of Saharanpur in UP, were found lying dead inside. He was stabbed to death with a sharp weapon, while priest Ravindra Sharma of Bhambrehari village of Assandh, priest Ajay Sharma of Sangoha village and servant Harjinder Singh were seriously injured. His hands and feet were tied with cloth and rope. Karnal SP Surendra Singh Bhauria, DSP Virendra Saini reached the spot along with the police force. The SP has given instructions to get the matter investigated on every aspect. there, Being adjacent to the border, the Jhinjhana police also gathered information about the case.\n\nQ3: Have the attackers been identified?\nA3: Hindi news websites that reported the murders have not mentioned the identity of the suspects or even insinuated that they could be Muslims. The investigation in the case is ongoing.",
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"content": "justification: There's no evidence of it being Muslims that attacked the temple or of a film that shows it was Muslims \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The minimum wage should be £18 an hour, because in 1999 one hour’s pay at minimum wage could buy you 72 Freddos, but in 2017 it could only buy you 30 Freddos.\n\nQ1: How much did Freddos cost in 1999?\nA1: The Freddo – that frog-shaped lump of Cadbury’s chocolate much appreciated by those who don’t want a whole Dairy Milk but wouldn’t mind a little something-or-other now you mention it – originally hit Britain’s shelves in the mid-90s, when it was priced at 10 pence.\n\nQ2: What was the UK minimum wage in 1999?\nA2: £3.60 - so you could get 36 freddos.\n\nQ3: How much did Freddos cost in 2017?\nA3: 30p.\n\nQ4: What was the UK minimum wage in 2017?\nA4: £7.50 for those aged 25 and over, and £7.05 for those aged 21-14.",
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"content": "justification: You could only buy 36 Freddos not 72 which makes the rest of the argument invalid.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cyril Ramaphosa retorted to Donald Trump’s 2018 comments on land reform in South Africa on Twitter\n\nQ1: What was Donald Trump's original tweet in this claim?\nA1: \"I have asked Secretary of State\n@SecPompeo\nto closely study the South Africa land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers. “South African Government is now seizing land from white farmers\"\n\nQ2: What was the supposed reply by President Cyril Ramaphosa?\nA2: I have asked @GenBheki_Cele to closely study the USA mass shootings and large killings of unarmed civilians. \"USA Government is now killing unarmed African Americans\"\n\nQ3: Did this come from South Africa's president, Cyril Ramaphosa's official account?\nA3: No, because It does not appear on their offical account and it looks like the tweet in the screenshot was taken from someone posing as Ramaphosa online. Alternatively, it’s possible that they used an online generator to produce the post.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The posted tweet in reply to Donald Trump was not from Cyril Ramaphosa's twitter account \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Research carried out by an American NGO has concluded that men are likely to die after being circumcised due to a medication that reacts after 10 years.\n\nQ1: Is there an article from Deltas Clares (The study researchers) on wikileaks\nA1: There is no evidence of them having published a paper concerning the claim on wikileaks\n\nQ2: Is there a particular drug used for circumcision\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: Study does not exist.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Iain Duncan Smith gets free transport as a financial benefit for being an MP in the UK House of Commons.\n\nQ1: Can MP's Claim travel expenses?\nA1: 9.1 Travel and Subsistence claims may be made for the costs of travel, and travel-related\nsubsistence incurred by MP or others, which are in support of the MP's parliamentary\nfunctions.\n\nQ2: What types of travel expenses can be claimed by MP's?\nA2: 9.2 MPs may claim for travel by public transport, private transport, taxis and hire cars.\n\nQ3: Is there a limit on what MP's can claim for Public transport travel costs?\nA3: 9.13 For journeys by public transport, MPs may buy a ticket of any class but (except where\nparagraph 9.14 applies) reimbursement will be limited to the rate of an economy class ticket\navailable at the time of booking. In the case of air travel, ‘economy’ includes ‘flexible\neconomy’.\n\n9.14 For journeys made by rail, reimbursement will be limited to the rate of an ‘anytime standard\nopen’ ticket for the journey prevalent at the time of the claim.\n\n9.15 MPs travelling on sleeper train services are additionally entitled to claim for a sleeper\nsupplement for a single occupancy berth.\n\n9.16 Where an MP obtains a railcard or season ticket which allows savings to be made on future\npurchases of rail tickets, reimbursement of the cost of the railcard may be claimed.\n\nQ4: Is there a limit on what MP's can claim for Private transport travel costs?\nA4: 9.17 Private cars, motorcycles or bicycles may be used as an alternative to public transport. An MP\nundertaking a journey by private transport will be reimbursed in accordance with the rates set\nby Parliament and administered by HMRC. If the rates change during the year, IPSA will\nreimburse claims according to the new rates from the date at which they take effect.\n\n9.18 MPs using private transport may claim reimbursement of the costs of parking charges,\ncongestion and ultra-low emission zone charging and road tolls. Penalty charges or additional\ncharges for late payment, or civil charges for traffic, parking or other violations, will not be\nreimbursed.\n\nQ5: Is there a limit on what MP's can claim for Taxi travel costs?\nA5: 9.19 Taxi fares will only be reimbursed when a journey by taxi is necessary because:\na. no other reasonable method of transport is available for all or part of the journey; or\nb. alternative methods of transport are impracticable due to pregnancy, disability, illness\nor injury of the MP or staff member; or\nc. MPs have been working on parliamentary business after 10pm, as set out in paragraph\n9.33.\n\n9.20 When submitting claims for taxi journeys MPs must include a note on the reasons for taking a\ntaxi rather than using public transport.\n\nQ6: Is there a limit on what MP's can claim for Hire car travel costs?\nA6: 9.21 Hire cars may be used where there is no reasonable alternative. MPs may claim for the cost of\nhiring the vehicle, of any fuel used, and insurance purchased.",
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"content": "justification: The answers show that, to a degree, MPs do get subsidized or reimbursed transport for being an MP. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Iain Duncan Smith gets free use of a gym as a financial benefit for being an MP in the UK House of Commons.\n\nQ1: Is there a parliamentary gym?\nA1: Yes, because The Westminster Gym.\n\nQ2: Is the Westminster Gym free to use for MP's?\nA2: No the monthly Cost is £25 - £35 a month depending on hours of use.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Iain Duncan Smith and other MPs do have to pay monthly fee to get access to a gym in the UK. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Iain Duncan Smith gets free stationery as a financial benefit for being an MP in the UK House of Commons.\n\nQ1: Is stationery free for politicians in the UK?\nA1: IPSA will not pay claims for any of the following:\na. alcoholic drinks;\nb. stationery provided by the House of Commons;\nc. newsletters;\nd. funding of any material, other than websites, that contains a party political logo or\nemblem; or\ne. personal accountancy or tax advice.\n\nQ2: Can politicians claim for stationery in the UK?\nA2: Equipment and supplies for the office or surgery - including computers, printers, faxes, photocopiers, desks, stationery, phone bills, some postage costs (in addition to AOE, MPs can also claim for a certain amount of Commons stationery and pre-paid envelopes)",
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"content": "justification: The UK House of Commons updated version of the Green Book grants such Expenses.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Iain Duncan Smith gets free mobile phone calls as a financial benefit for being an MP in the UK House of Commons.\n\nQ1: Are MPs allowed to claim expenses for running constituency offices such as telephone costs\nA1: Yes, because They are permitted to\n\nQ2: Did MP Iain Duncan Smith make claims for the telephone costs\nA2: Yes, because He did for the years he was an MP",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Permittable expense.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Iain Duncan Smith gets free accommodation as a financial benefit for being an MP in the UK House of Commons\n\nQ1: What is Iain Duncan Smith's constituency?\nA1: Chingford and Woodford Green\n\nQ2: Where is Chingford and Woodford Green?\nA2: London\n\nQ3: Do MP's get free accommodation?\nA3: Ministerial or official residences are properties assigned to ministers by\nthe Prime Minister either on the grounds of security or to allow them to\nbetter perform their official duties, including official hospitality.\nOfficial residences available to government ministers include:\n• Flats above 10 and 11 Downing Street, which are available for the\nPrime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer;\n• 1 Carlton Gardens, leased from the Crown Estate, which has been\nused as the official residence for the Foreign Secretary;1\n• Flats in Admiralty House;\n• Hillsborough Castle and Stormont, which are available for\nministers in the Northern Ireland Office while on duty in Northern\nIreland.\nIn addition, three stately homes – Chequers, Dorneywood and\nChevening – are available to ministers for both official and private use.\nNone of these properties are owned by the Government.\n\nQ4: Can MP's claim for a second residence if they live in London?\nA4: Second, the availability of additional\naccommodation should be withdrawn from a number of MPs whose constituency homes are within\nreasonable commuting distance of Westminster. Third, the London cost allowance, analogous to London\nweighting and paid to MPs not entitled to secondary accommodation",
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"content": "justification: The Q&a's state that the person in the claim has their residence in London, which as Q&A 2 shows is not an area for which MP's can claim accomodation allowance, thus disagreeing with the claim showing that the MP names claims free accommodation as he is a London MP.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sarah Jeong the former New York Times writer says that \"we need a castration lottery for white men\".\n\nQ1: Is there any evidence that Jeong made this statement?\nA1: No, because There is no evidence Jeong made the statement, and the misattributed quote appears to come from a series of fake quotes that emerged on social media after she joined The New York Times in August 2018 as an editorial board staff writer. There is, however, no record of Jeong making the statement. A search of her verified Twitter account, as well as her Facebook page, didn’t turn up any matches. An archived version of her Twitter timeline from early August 2018 shows no such tweet on July 31 of that year, and Check Your Fact also didn’t find any credible media outlets attributing the quote to her. (RELATED: Did The NYT Publish An Op-Ed Comparing Kim Yo Jong To Elizabeth Warren?)\n\nQ2: Where did this claim first appear?\nA2: The quote about a “castration lottery” for white people was first shared on the online message board 4chan in August 2018, around the same time a number of other fake quotes misattributed to Jeong were shared on the website, according to Snopes. One user in that 4chan thread posted a fabricated tweet that Jeong supposedly sent July 31, 2018.\n\nQ3: What type of website is 4Chan\nA3: To the uninitiated, 4chan can best be described as a bulging cyst on the ass of the internet",
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"content": "justification: Fake news/ No record of this claim being made officially.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: One of the conflicts of interest that special counsel Robert Mueller had that prevented him from conducting an impartial investigation, was that President Donald Trump interviewed Mueller to be FBI director but turned him down.\n\nQ1: Was special counsel Robert Mueller interviewed by President Donald Trump in 2017 for the post of the director of the FBI?\nA1: President Donald Trump interviewed Robert Mueller as a potential replacement for fired FBI Director James Comey the day before he was named special counsel, a White House official said Tuesday.\n\nQ2: What date did special council Robert Mueller interview for the role of FBI director with President Donald Trump?\nA2: May 16 2017.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The source links in the q&a verify that this claim is correct.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Flu shots are killing elderly citizens in record numbers.\n\nQ1: What study is the claim linked to?\nA1: The 2005 JAMA study\n\nQ2: Did the study report an increased amount of deaths in the elderly from having the flu shot?\nA2: The 2005 JAMA study did not report an increased number of deaths from the flu shot in the elderly - it simply found that previous studies had overestimated the number of deaths prevented by flu shots.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The JAMA study did not support the conclusion made in the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Unemployment in the united states is only low because everyone has two jobs.\n\nQ1: What is the statistics for 2017 of Americans holding more than one job\nA1: 4.9 percent of workers held more than one job at the same time in 2017\n\nQ2: What has been the trend in the number of people holding more than one job since before 2017\nA2: After reaching a peak of 6.2 percent during 1995–96, the multiple jobholding rate began to recede. By the mid-2000s, the rate had declined to 5.2 percent and remained close to that level from 2006 to 2009. In 2010, the multiple jobholding rate decreased to 4.9 percent and has remained at 4.9 percent or 5.0 percent from 2010 to 2017.\n\nQ3: What is the relationship between the number of people working more than one job and the rate of unemployment\nA3: The unemployment rate is not directly tied to the number of people working more than one job",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Seems that the number of people who have two jobs is in decline. Therefore the claim.aimis refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alison Buttligieg developed depression after witnessing the scene of a deer who sacrificed her life.\n\nQ1: Who is Alison Buttligieg?\nA1: A photographer.\n\nQ2: Did Buttigieg claim to have depression after taking a photo of a deer sacrificing its life?\nA2: No, because She wrote on her social media that ... implications I fell into depression after I took the photo are complete fiction",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: According to the photographer, she didn't experience depression after this. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Irish Green Party Leader Eamon Ryan tweeted Peter Tatchell was a 'green legend and tireless LGBT campaigner' at 1.13pm on June 29 2018.\n\nQ1: What Did Irish Green Party Leader Eamon Ryan tweet about at 1.13pmon June 29th 2018?\nA1: On June 29th 2018 at 1.13pm Eamon Ryan tweeted about the department for climate action drilling for gas.\n\nQ2: Has Eamon Ryan tweeted about Peter Tatchell?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: When was the alleged claim posted on Twitter?\nA3: 29 June 2018.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the offical tweets of Eamon Ryan do not show anything about this, so it is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump is destroying the \"New World Order,\" says American film maker David Lynch in an interview with The Guardian in 2018.\n\nQ1: Did David Lynch say President Trump is destroying the \"New World Order\" in a 2018 interview with The Guardian?\nA1: There is no mention of the phrase \"New World Order\" in the interview with The Guardian in 2018.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Although David Lynch was undecided about Donald Trump, there is no mention of the phrase \"New World Order\" in the interview with The Guardian in 2018.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Eighty-nine members of US Congress hold dual citizenship with Israel.\n\nQ1: How many US Congress members have Israeli dual citizenship\nA1: None, as far as I know. You can find lists online, that claim that all Jewish members of the US Senate and House of Representatives have Israeli citizenship. But when you look into these claims yourself, you can’t seem to find evidence that these people actually have Israeli citizenship.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that no members hold the citizenship, therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former President Pranab Mukherjee had written in his book that Sonia Gandhi took umbrage over his words praising Prime Minister Narendra Modi.\n\nQ1: Has former President Pranab Mukherjee written any books\nA1: Yes, because Some of the titles include:, The Presidential Years, The Coalition years etc\n\nQ2: Has president Pranab ever publicly praised PM Modi\nA2: Yes, because President Mukherjee said, “I take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude and appreciation to PM. We have acted in close co-operation.” He further talked about his relationship with Prime Minister Modi and said, “Surely there have been divergences of views but we have been able to keep divergences only to ourselves, they didn’t affect relations between President and Prime Minister.”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The question-answer pairs don't mention Sonia Gandhi. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Two best graduating students in Ekiti State University were awarded N100 and N2000 respectively\n\nQ1: Did best graduating students in Ekiti State University 2018 get financial rewards?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Does Nigeria reward academic excellence?\nA2: Every convocation ceremony in Nigeria, there is a best graduating student but no one ever talks about them except in really rare cases but that’s not same with India, as you have seen clearly.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There doesn't seem to be any reports of students either getting these payments or not, so there is not enough evidence to confirm either way.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The MMR vaccination weakens children's brains ultimately leading to autism.\n\nQ1: What's the medical publication correlating between MMR vaccination and Autism in children?\nA1: That paper was published in the Lancet on 28 February 1998. It was retracted on 2 February 2010.2 Authored by Andrew Wakefield, John Walker-Smith, and 11 others from the Royal Free medical school, London, it reported on 12 developmentally challenged children,3 and triggered a decade long public health scare.\n\nQ2: Was this paper later on proven to be a fraud?\nA2: Yes, because As the ensuing vaccine scare took off, critics quickly pointed out that the paper was a small case series with no controls, linked three common conditions, and relied on parental recall and beliefs.4 Over the following decade, epidemiological studies consistently found no evidence of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism.5 6 7 8 By the time the paper was finally retracted 12 years later,9 after forensic dissection at the General Medical Council’s (GMC) longest ever fitness to practise hearing,10 few people could deny that it was fatally flawed both scientifically and ethically.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The study in question was flawed, further studies have shown no link between MMR and autism. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Condoleezza Rice summed up the Democratic Party in 75 words.\n\nQ1: What were the 75 words?\nA1: f you are taught bitterness and anger, then you will believe you are a victim. You will feel aggrieved and the twin brother of aggrievement is entitlement. So now you think you are owed something and you don’t have to work for it and now you’re on a really bad road to nowhere because there are people who will play to that sense of victimhood, aggrievement and entitlement, and you still won’t have a job.”\n\nQ2: Did Condoleezza Rice say these words?\nA2: No, because Similar words were said, \"My fellow Americans, ours has never been a narrative of grievance and entitlement. We have never believed that I am doing poorly because you are doing well. We have never been jealous of one another and never envious of each other’s successes. No, no, ours has been a belief of opportunity. And it has been a constant struggle, long and hard, up and down, to try to extend the benefits of the American dream to all.\"\n\nQ3: were those words aimed at democratic party\nA3: No, because it is clear that she was advocating for Republican candidates in both speeches.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Condoleezza Rice was advocating for Republican candidates in her speeches. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is a new initiative under the National program for Bovine Breeding and Dairy development with an allocation of 500 crore rupees\n\nQ1: What is the name of the new initiative under the national program for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development?\nA1: The new scheme is called the “Rashtriya Goukul Mission”\n\nQ2: What is the total allocation for the Rashtriya Goukul Mission in Crore Rupees?\nA2: The total allocation is Rs. 190 Crores for 2017-2018 and Rs. 301.50 crores for 2018-2019 giving a total of Rs. 491.50 Crores.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The new initiative is allocated Rs. 491.50 Crores.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 20 Gokul Grams are being established and 41 Bull Mother farms will be modernized.\n\nQ1: How many Gokul Grams are being established?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How many Bull mother farms are being modernized?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: What are Gokul Grams?\nA3: The Rashtriya Gokul Mission aims to conserve and develop indigenous breeds in a focused and scientific manner.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The question and answers below do not show any evidence to refute or support the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) was ‘launched to ensure good health of mother and child’.\n\nQ1: What is the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan?\nA1: According to the official website, ‘the PMSMA has been launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. The program aims to provide assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care, free of cost, universally to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month. PMSMA guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their 2nd/3rd trimesters of pregnancy at designated government health facilities’.\n\nAs per the official website, the PMSMA envisages improvement in the quality and coverage of Antenatal Care (ANC) including diagnostics and counselling services as part of the Reproductive Maternal Neonatal Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) Strategy",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Goal of the program is that stated in the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There has been a reduction in the MRP (Material requirements planning) of DAP, MOP, and complex fertilizers\n\nQ1: Did the prices od DAP and MOP reduce in the years prior to this claim?\nA1: It is true that the prices of DAP, MOP and other complex fertilizers reduced in the year 2016 as prices had come down in the international market and this reduction was purely because of market dynamics.\n\nQ2: Was this reduction to the government or it's policies?\nA2: No, because The government or its policies had very little to do with this reduction. In fact, the prices of DAP & MOP have again increased by more than 25% and 50% respectively between December 2017 & October 2018. The increase was again because of market dynamics.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Seems that there was actually an increase in MRP, therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Food inflation in India is down: 9.19% (2014) to 5.44% (2015) to 6.29% (2016) to 1.29% (2017) to 3% (2018).\n\nQ1: What was the rate of food inflation in India in 2014?\nA1: 9.21%\n\nQ2: What was the rate of food inflation in India in 2018?\nA2: 2.80%",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Seems from the numbers that the label is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 379006 hectares of land is insured under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana crop insurance scheme for a sum of Rs. 1,31,519 crores.\n\nQ1: How much land in India is insured under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana crop insurance scheme?\nA1: In 2017 340.5 lakh hectares\n\nQ2: What is the total sum insured under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana crop insurance scheme?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: Since there is no answer to the 2nd claim, there is hot enough ev8dende to deduce the entire sum of money.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Indian government has procured 16.24 lakh metric tonnes of pulses as of March 2018\n\nQ1: Did the government of India procure about 16.24 lakh MT of pulses as of March 2018?\nA1: HE MINISTER OF STATE\nCONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION\n(SHRI C. R. CHAUDHARY)\n\n(a) : Government has approved creation of a dynamic buffer stock of upto 20 lakh MT of pulses for effective market intervention, to moderate its prices.\n\n(b) : As on 14.03.2018, 13.89 lakh MT of pulses is available in the buffer after disposal of 6.61 lakh MT from a total of 20.50 lakh tonnes of pulses procured for building the buffer under Price Stabilization Fund (PSF). As per the data of Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S), M/o Commerce & Industry, the total imports of pulses by India during 2017-18 (upto January) is 5.33 lakh MT.\n\n(c) : For building the dynamic buffer of upto 20 lakh MT of pulses, 16.71 lakh tonnes was procured domestically.",
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"content": "justification: HE MINISTER OF STATE\nCONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION\n(SHRI C. R. CHAUDHARY)\n\n(a) : Government has approved creation of a dynamic buffer stock of upto 20 lakh MT of pulses for effective market intervention, to moderate its prices.\n\n(b) : As on 14.03.2018, 13.89 lakh MT of pulses is available in the buffer after disposal of 6.61 lakh MT from a total of 20.50 lakh tonnes of pulses procured for building the buffer under Price Stabilization Fund (PSF). As per the data of Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S), M/o Commerce & Industry, the total imports of pulses by India during 2017-18 (upto January) is 5.33 lakh MT.\n\n(c) : For building the dynamic buffer of upto 20 lakh MT of pulses, 16.71 lakh tonnes was procured domestically.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: That annual milk production rose by 12%. to 163.7 MT between 2014-17 from 146.3MT between 2011-14 .\n\nQ1: What was was the milk production growth rate from 2011 to 2014\nA1: 146.3\n\nQ2: What was was the milk production growth rate from 2014 to 2017\nA2: 165.4",
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"content": "justification: It seems that the number is higherfor 2012-17, therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Indian Government infographic says Extent of buffer stock of pulses increased from 1.5 lakh tonnes to 20 lakh tonnes.\n\nQ1: What is the amount of buffer stock of pulses?\nA1: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the proposal on enhancing the buffer stock for pulses up to 20 lakh tonnes.",
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"content": "justification: The proposal to increase the buffer stock for pulses to 20 lakh was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs. Hence, the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There has been an increased nitrogen use efficiency and increased crop yield due to neem coated urea\n\nQ1: Has there been an increase in nitrogen use efficiency and crop yield?\nA1: The annual report (2017-18) of the Department of Fertilizers states that ‘due to its slow release of Nitrogen, the Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) of Neem Coated Urea increases resulting in reduced consumption of NCU as compared to Normal urea’.\n\nAs is the case of the previous claim, there is no other data available in the public domain to verify the increase in crop yield or nitrogen use efficiency.",
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"content": "justification: The data to support the government claim is not available.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Indian Government (BJP) claimed that the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana programme (PMMVY) provided a cash incentive of 6000 rupees to the pregnant/lactating women.\n\nQ1: how much is the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana programme (PMMVY) giving pregnant women\nA1: According to an answer in Lok Sabha ‘the maternity benefit under PMMVY is available to the eligible beneficiaries for first living child of family. Normally, the first pregnancy of a woman exposes her to new kinds of challenges and stress factors. Hence, the scheme provides support to the mother for the safe delivery and immunization of her first child. Under the scheme Rs. 5,000 is provided to the eligible beneficiary in three installments. The eligible beneficiary also receives the remaining cash incentive as per approved norms towards maternity benefit under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) after institutional delivery so that on an average, a woman gets Rs.6,000’.",
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"content": "justification: From the Q&As it seems that the claim is true, Pregnant/lactating women do get 6000 rupees\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In India, treatment for drug sensitive TB is provided through 4,00,000 DOT centres.\n\nQ1: What is the number of DOT centres in India in 2012\nA1: Approximately 397,814\n\nQ2: What is the number of DOT centres in India in 2017\nA2: 4 lakh DOT centers ( i.e 400, 000 DOT centers)\n\nQ3: Were the numbers of Treatment DOT centers the same in 2012 and 2017?\nA3: yes both were 4 Lakh, or very close.",
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"content": "justification: In the year 2017, there was 400, 000 DOT centers. while in 2012 the DOT centres were approximately 397,814. Hence this claim is true. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Overall inflation in India is falling: 8.48% (2014) to 4.87% (2015) to 5.47% (2016) to 2.99% (2017) to 4.58% (2018).\n\nQ1: Is the economy in India grew at a robust rate, with 7.4% GDP growth forecast for FY 2018-19 ?\nA1: As per the first advance estimates of National Income, growth in GDP during 2018-19 is estimated at 7.2%. As per the second advance estimates of National Income, growth in GDP during 2018-19 is estimated at 7%, down from the 7.2% estimated during the first advance estimates. Hence the claim is FALSE.\n\nQ2: Did the inflation drop in India from 8.48% in 2014 to 4.58% in 2018 ?\nA2: The Year on Year (YoY) inflation in the country has been gradually decreasing (except for an abrupt rise in 2016). It reached a lowest of 1.46% in June 2017, but has been increasing ever since. Hence, the claim is TRUE. However, it is important to also keep in mind the international trends.\n\nQ3: Did the food inflation drop down in India from 9.19% in 2014 to 3% in 2018 ?\nA3: While the absolute numbers are slightly off the mark, the trend in the fall in food inflation is TRUE.",
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"content": "justification: The 2nd Q and A shows that the inflation has decreased so the claim is supported. The other 2 results are not related to the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Indian Government (BJP) claimed that the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana programme (PMMVY) benefited more than 50 lakh women every year.\n\nQ1: According to the statement by Government of India Ministry of Women and Child Development, Lok Sabha, how many women were enrolled by the scheme in 2018.\nA1: As on 31.10.2018:\n\nNo. of Beneficiaries enrolled: 56,29,662\n\nNo. of beneficiaries paid: 46,54,956\n\n\n\nTotal maternity benefits paid\n\nQ2: According to the statement by Government of India Ministry of Women and Child Development, Lok Sabha, how many women were paid maternity benefits by the scheme in 2018.\nA2: As on 31.10.2018:\n\nNo. of beneficiaries paid: 46,54,956\n\nQ3: What is the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)?\nA3: Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) Scheme enables beneficiaries to receive the scheme benefits through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in furtherance of the objectives of encouraging improved health seeking behavior among Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers (PW&LM).\n\nQ4: How many beneficiaries are covered annually by the PMMVY programme?\nA4: About 51.70 lakh beneficiaries are covered annually under PMMVY.",
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"content": "justification: About 51.70 lakh beneficiaries are covered annually under PMMVY. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana programme (PMMVY) provides economic support to pregnant women and lactating mothers.\n\nQ1: Does the PMMVY provide economic support to Pregnant women and lactating mothers?\nA1: Yes, because The Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) with the objectives of (i) providing partial compensation for the wage loss in terms of cash incentive so that the woman can take adequate rest before and after delivery of the first child; and (ii) the cash incentive provided to improve health seeking behavior amongst the Pregnant Women & Lactating Mothers (PW&LM).\n\nQ2: Does the PMMVY offer economic support to all pregnant women and lactating mothers?\nA2: No, because The maternity benefit, are available to a woman for the first living child of family subject to fulfillment of conditionalities. All the pregnant women and lactating mothers in regular employment with Central Government or State Governments or Public Sector Undertakings or those who are in receipt of similar benefits under any law for the time being in force, are excluded.",
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"content": "justification: The answers show that it is not available to all women so the claim is cherrypicking.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 100% neem coating resulted in improvement in soil health and a reduction in pest and disease attacks.\n\nQ1: Has there been any information published on what effect Neem Coated Urea has on soil health and pest and disease attacks?\nA1: The annual report (2017-18) of the Department of Fertilizers mentions that ‘the Neem Coated Urea has received high acceptance among the farmers considering its benefits on soil fertility/conservation, higher yield pest control’ but there is no more data other than this. The report does not back up this claim with research.\n\nQ2: What are the advantages of the 100% Neem coating?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: What have reports found regarding 100% Neem Coating?\nA3: A annual (2017-18) report of the Department of Fertilizers found that \" The Neem Coated Urea has received high\nacceptance among the farmers considering its benefits on soil\nfertility/conservation, higher yield pest\ncontrol.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no scientifically proven research to back up this report. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: India remains the world’s fastest growing large economy.\n\nQ1: What was India's percentage change of real GDP from 2016/2017? is highest in case of India when compared to any other country’s economy and also highest among the Emerging Market & Developing Economies (EMDEs) for 2018-19.\nA1: India’s growth accelerated to an estimated 7.3% in FY2018/19 (April to March)...\n\nThe table in the same report shows that India's growth is the highest when compared to any other country’s economy and also highest among the Emerging Market & Developing Economies (EMDEs) for 2018-19.\n\nQ2: What was India's percentage change of real GDP at the year before that of the claim in 2019?\nA2: India’s growth accelerated to an estimated 7.3% in FY2018/19 (April to March)\n\nQ3: was India's economy still the fastest growing large economy at the time of the claim?\nA3: A table from the Global Economic Prospects report by the World Bank shows that India is set to retain the top position for the years of 2018, 2019",
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"content": "justification: Confirmed in QA pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: India rated highly on all investment and macro-economic indicators.\n\nQ1: What was Indian's GDP in 2016/17\nA1: According to the National Accounts Statistics (2018), ‘at current prices, GDP for 2016-17 is estimated to be 151.8 lakh crore’.",
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"content": "justification: The Q&A Pair did not provide enough evidence to support or refute this claim. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: I didn’t promise to clear Apapa traffic in 60 days, said The Governer of Lagos State, Sanwo-Olu.\n\nQ1: Did Sanwo-Olu make any promises like this?\nA1: The Lagos State governor-elect, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, has said he will end the protracted gridlock in Apapa area of the state within the first 60 days of his administration.",
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"content": "justification: The 1st q and a pair point out he said he did say what is claimed\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bloodletting can save a stroke victim.\n\nQ1: What is a stroke\nA1: A stroke is a medical emergency that happens when the blood flow to your brain is interrupted. Without blood, your brain cells start to die. This can cause serious symptoms, lasting disability, and even death.\n\nQ2: Can blood letting be used to save a stroke victim\nA2: No, because Bloodletting or therapeutic phlebotomy is used in blood disorders in which the removal of RBCs or serum iron is the most efficient method for managing the symptoms and complications",
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"content": "justification: No, this is used for problems listed in the answer but not a stroke.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Slaked lime can cure over 70 diseases.\n\nQ1: What is slaked lime?\nA1: another name for calcium hydroxide, esp when made by adding water to calcium oxide\n\nQ2: Does slaked lime have medicinal uses?\nA2: It has a strong base pH and is used for many purposes, often under its more common name, slaked lime. The National Institutes of Health warns that calcium hydroxide is also toxic and can introduce serious health problems as a result of various types of exposure.\n\nQ3: Is it dangerous to take slaked lime internally?\nA3: Yes, because Accidental ingestion of calcium hydroxide can cause severe throat pain, a burning sensation in the mouth, abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stool or vomit, rapidly falling blood pressure and collapse, according to the National Institutes of Health.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pairs state that what is claimed would actually be bad for health not helpful to health.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nearly 1.5 crore doses of Rotavirus vaccine launched in India in March 2016 have been administered to India's children.\n\nQ1: What is the Rotavirus?\nA1: Rotavirus is a virus that causes severe diarrhea and vomiting. It affects mostly babies and young children. Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to serious dehydration (loss of body fluid). If dehydration is not treated, it can be deadly.\n\nQ2: When did the Indian government begin the Rotavirus vaccination roll-out?\nA2: 26th March 2016\n\nQ3: How many doses of Rotavirus vaccinations have been administered to India's children?\nA3: Rotavirus vaccine has been administered to about 1.41 crores children across these nine states (as on February 2018).\n\nQ4: Where has the Rotavirus vaccination been introduced in India so far?\nA4: Rotavirus vaccine has been introduced in 9 states namely Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Tripura and Tamil Nadu.\n\nQ5: How many states are there in India?\nA5: 28\n\nQ6: How many children does the Indian government aim to immunise against Rotavirus through vaccination?\nA6: The nationwide rotavirus vaccine programme aims to immunise 27 million children across the country.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: As of 2018, 1.4 crore doses had been administered to the children in India \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Around 8 crore of India's children have been given the Measles Rubella (MR) vaccination, which was launched in India in February 2017.\n\nQ1: When was the Measles Rubella (MR) vaccination, launched in India?\nA1: from August 2017 with the aim to eliminate measles and control rubella/congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) by 2020.\n\nQ2: When was the claim about administered vaccine doses made?\nA2: 01/05/2018\n\nQ3: How many doses of the vaccine in the claim had been given by 2018?\nA3: The Measles-Rubella campaign started from February 2017 and has been rolled out in 21 states/UTs by July, 2018, covering nearly 9.2 crore children\n\nQ4: How many doses of the Measles-Rubella vaccine # had been given by 2018?\nA4: nearly 9.2 crore (More than mentioned in the claim but the claim does say \"Around\"",
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"content": "justification: Answer 1 - as per the source, this is the roll out of the 2nd Phase. It does not say when vaccinations for MR were first launched. Indeed, the answer to Q3 shows this answer to be incorrect.\nI think Q&A 4 is trying to reconcile 8 crore at the time of the claim (May 2018) and the stats at answer 3 in July 2018 - it fails.\nHowever, there is sufficient evidence in the Q&As to establish that the claim is probably about right in terms of numbers and dates.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Colon cancer is the third biggest cause of death around the world.\n\nQ1: How common is colon cancer?\nA1: 1 in 15 men and 1 in 18 women will be diagnosed with bowel cancer during their lifetime, the fourth most common cancer\n\nQ2: Is colon cancer a leading cause of cancer death?\nA2: Yes, because it is the second biggest cancer killer.\n\nQ3: Is it a leading cause of death around the world?\nA3: No, because It is not among the top 10 global causes of death according the the 2018 WHO report.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is conflicting information about whether colon cancer is the third leading cause of death worldwide. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: colon cancer begins in the intestine then spreads to other parts of the body\n\nQ1: Where does colon cancer initially start?\nA1: Colon cancer usually first develops inside clumps of cells called polyps on the inner lining of the bowel.\n\nQ2: Does colon cancer spread to other parts of the body?\nA2: Advanced colon cancer can spread to other parts of the body, this is called metastasis.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It begins in cells inside the bowel\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Coconut oil decreases the side effects of chemotherapy\n\nQ1: Have any studies been done to prove this?\nA1: Yes, because A 2014 study in Malalysia found that Virgin coconut oil reduced the symptoms related to side effects of chemotherapy.\n\nQ2: Was it just normal coconut oil that was used in the study?\nA2: No, because It was Virgin coconut oil, not just any coconut oil.\n\nVirgin coconut oil uses fresh coconut meat, while regular coconut oil uses copra, or coconut meat that has already been dried.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim has cherry picked as it is a specific type of coconut oil that has to be used to be effective.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Coconut oil removes 93% of colon cancer cells\n\nQ1: Which study was the claim based off of\nA1: A University of Adelaide research that looked into the potential of lauric acid in inducing apoptosis or cell death of colon cancer cells\n\nQ2: Was there a mention of coconut oil and linking it to the cure of colon cancer\nA2: No, because Coconut oil was not mentioned",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Concnut oil is not mentioned in the original research article that looked into the potential of lauric acid in inducing apoptosis or cell death of colon cancer cells.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Lauric acid killed more than 93% of colon cancer cells within 2 days of treatment.\n\nQ1: What effect does lauric acid have on cancer cells?\nA1: Lauric acid induces apoptosis (cell death) in colon cancer cells.\n\nQ2: Were 93% of the colon cancer cells dead within two days?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: there isn't enough evidence that Lauric acid killed 93%of colon cancer cells within 2 days of treatment. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: When coming across cancer in pork, many butchers just cut it out, and continue to sell to customers.\n\nQ1: Do animals we eat, get cancer?\nA1: Yes, because Yes but cancer is largely a disease of the aging process, and animals raised for food are slaughtered while they're young\n\nQ2: Is meat with cancer dangerous?\nA2: No, because If, by some chance, a meat product does contain cancerous cells, cooking it will kill them. And even if your steak tartare came from a cancer-afflicted cow, there's no evidence to suggest you'd suffer any ill effects.\n\nQ3: Are butchers allowed to sell meat with cancers?\nA3: No, because Inspectors that observe potential signs of disease or things such as cancerous lesions or tumors retain the carcasses until the public health veterinarian (PHV) inspector assigned to the establishment can make final disposition of the carcass. The PHV inspector will often send samples to a laboratory for further analysis/confirmation. A carcass remains on hold as suspect until the results of pathology return from a USDA laboratory.\n\nCancerous lesions or tumors are not allowed to enter commerce or the food chain. If laboratory results indicate the presence of cancer within the carcass, the carcass will be marked U.S. Inspected and condemned. Once a carcass is condemned, it is denatured and disposed of so it cannot enter the food chain.\n\nQ4: What do butchers do if they encounter cancer in meat?\nA4: Inspectors that observe potential signs of disease or things such as cancerous lesions or tumors retain the carcasses until the public health veterinarian (PHV) inspector assigned to the establishment can make final disposition of the carcass. The PHV inspector will often send samples to a laboratory for further analysis/confirmation. A carcass remains on hold as suspect until the results of pathology return from a USDA laboratory.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence indicates regulations do not allow cancerous tumours to enter the food chain - carcasses potentially containing cancer would be put on hold if found during an inspection and then condemned and disposed if cancer was confirmed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: e-trading platforms, 585 regulated markets, to fetch the best prices for farmers in India.\n\nQ1: How many regulated markets are there on e-trading platforms in India?\nA1: There are 585 APMC markets from across the country on the e-NAM list.\n\nQ2: What is the total number of APMC markets in India?\nA2: 6615 wholesale market facilities in the country.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that indeed there are only 585 markets that are regulated in India. Therefore the claim is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg owns the company that developed the app used to tally votes during the Iowa caucuses.\n\nQ1: What other candidates have previously used Shadow Inc.?\nA1: New York Senator Kirsten Gillibrand\n\nQ2: What is the name of the company mentioned in the claim?\nA2: Shadow Inc.\n\nQ3: Who owns Shadow Inc.?\nA3: The technology firm is owed by ACRONYM\n\nQ4: Does South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg have an ownership stake in Shadow Inc.?\nA4: Shadow Inc. is not listed as being owned by Buttigieg.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The company which owns the app is called Shadow inc, Pete Buttigieg does not have this company mentioned on his public financial disclosure report or show him having any stakes in it.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: More than 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers are registered.\n\nQ1: How many farmers and sellers are registared with the e-NAM portal?\nA1: 85,41,784 farmers, 55,454 Commission Agents and 1,04,588 Traders/Buyers have been registered on e-NAM portal.\n\nQ2: What is the E-nam Portal?\nA2: As per a response provided by the government in the Lok Sabha in March 2018, ‘National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities.’\n\nQ3: How many farmers and sellers are registered?\nA3: ‘more than 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers are registered’.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the 1st and 3rd QA it seems that the numbers are accurate, therefore the claim is supproted\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cyril Ramaphosa claimed that in South Africa in 2018 there were almost one million students enrolled in higher education, up from 500,000 in 1994.\n\nQ1: How many students were enrolled in South Africa's higher education in 1994\nA1: 525, 000\n\nQ2: How many students were enrolled in higher education in South Africa in 2018\nA2: 1, 036, 984",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The statistics in the claim seem accurate according to the Q&A, so are supported. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic California Rep. Maxine Waters Tweeted “there is no reason for anyone to own a gun” and also praising her “armed security detail.”\n\nQ1: Who tweeted that \"There is no reason for anyone to own a gun. If a home invader gets past my armed security detail (which they won’t because I hire the best), then what good is a gun going to do me? #GunControlNow.\"?\nA1: This was tweeted by Twitter account @MaxinePWaters\n\nQ2: Is @MaxinePWaters a Twitter account that belongs to Rep. Maxine Waters?\nA2: Waters has two Twitter accounts: @RepMaxineWaters\n\nQ3: Who does Twitter account @MaxinePWaters belong to?\nA3: This Twitter account was a parody account, according to its bio.\n\nQ4: Is there any evidence that Maxine Walters actually posted this to her official social media accounts?\nA4: No, because On her facebook and deleted tweets, this tweet does not appear",
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"content": "justification: The Tweet does not exist in her previously posted and including deleted tweets.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Actor Mel Gibson Said Hollywood Is Controlled By 'Parasites' Who Are Involved In Child Sacrifice and Paedophilia\n\nQ1: Did Mel Gibson Say Hollywood Is Controlled By 'Parasites' Who Are Involved In Child Sacrifice, Pedophilia?\nA1: No, Mel Gibson NEVER Said Hollywood Is Controlled By 'Parasites' Who Are Involved In Child Sacrifice, Pedophilia.\n\nQ2: Did Mel Gibson never said hollywood is controlled by parasites who are involved in child sacrifice, pedophilia ?\nA2: There is, however, no evidence to support that Gibson said the comments. While Gibson did appear on “The Graham Norton Show” in 2017 to promote the movie “Daddy’s Home 2,” he did not mention anything to that effect during it as stated in fake posts.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no evidence that Mel Gibson said Hollywood is controlled by parasites who are involved in child sacrifice and pedophilia when appearing on \"The Graham Norton Show\" in 2017 to promote the movie \"Daddy’s Home 2.\"\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: former South African President Nelson Mandela once stated, “Fools multiply when wise men are silent.”\n\nQ1: who has said :\"Fools multiply when wise men are silent.\"?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Has Nelson Mandela said :\"Fools multiply when wise men are silent.\"?\nA2: No, because there is no evidence that Nelson Mandela said this quote.",
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"content": "justification: The answers lack sources to confirm or deny if the quote was said.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Earth is flat.\n\nQ1: Is the earth flat?\nA1: No, because The Earth is a sphere.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. The source provided by the QA pair is valid and states that the Earth is indeed sphere, not flat. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Raw manuka honey kills every bacteria scientists throw at it, including antibiotic-resistant superbugs.\n\nQ1: Can Manuka honey kill every known bacteria?\nA1: To date, in vitro assays have found manuka honey can effectively inhibit all problematic bacterial pathogens tested\n\nQ2: what conclusions have been found about Manuka honey?\nA2: Great progress has been made recently in our understanding of therapeutic honey, yet its use in clinical medicine remains limited, even when conventional antibiotics are starting to fail. The complexity in honey, which is arguably its greatest strength in killing diverse pathogens and preventing resistance, complicates its study as many factors working together are likely to affect activity. We advocate further mechanistic studies using appropriately registered therapeutic manuka honey, in particular studies that use non-reductionist systems biology approaches, along with detailed chemical and microbiological analyses to elucidate how honey acts at the molecular, cellular and population level, how this can differ in different strains and species of microbial pathogens, and how the host cell responds\n\nQ3: It seems that Manuka honey is very effective on topical wounds, but is it good at killing bacteria internally?\nA3: Manuka may inhibit the bacteria that cause a sore (“strep”) throat or gingivitis, but the main components responsible for the antimicrobial activity won’t survive the digestion process.\n\nQ4: Is manuka honey effective on topical wounds?\nA4: Manuka honey isn’t a panacea or a superfood. But it is grossly underutilised as a topical treatment for wounds, ulcers and burns, particularly in the face of the looming global superbug crisis.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The QA pairs confirm that when in direct contact it does kill the bacteria however only appears to work topically and not through ingesting for some bugs etc.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kansas City Chiefs CEO Clark Hunt said \"You will stand, with your hand over your heart and with respect, when our country’s national anthem is being played or you will no longer be a Kansas City Chief, a coach for the Kansas City Chiefs or have any association with the Chiefs organization. I will immediately fire you, no matter who you are!\"\n\nQ1: Did Kansas City Chiefs CEO Clark Hunt say he would fire anyone who did not stand for the national anthem ?\nA1: No, because He said, I have heard about it. It was an internet hoax.\"\n\nQ2: Has Kansas City Chiefs CEO Clark Hunt passed down any directive requiring players to show respect during the National Anthem by not doing a gesture, kneeling or anything?\nA2: No, because He said, ''No, I haven't, but for a couple of years now, Coach [Andy] Reid and the rest of the leadership of the team have spoked to the coaches and the team about the importance of standing during the National Anthem''",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No. He said, I have heard about it. It was an internet hoax.\"\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Indian Bollywood actor Akshay Kumar is an honorary citizen of Canada.\n\nQ1: Does Akshay Kumar hold honorary citizenship of Canada?\nA1: Akshay Kumar has admitted several times that he is an honorary Citizen of Canada .",
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"content": "justification: Yes, he has admitted so himself \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A spokesperson for the BBC has confirmed that all episodes of Eastenders will be transmitted with Arabic subtitles from October 2019.\n\nQ1: Is the BBC adding subtitles to all episodes of Eastenders?\nA1: No, because Southend News Network was originally started in October 2015 with no real aims or objectives in mind other than to add a satirical/spoof-like touch to issues that people are passionate about in Southend On Sea. Above all else, SNN is all about having the occasional ‘dig’ at the powers that be, as well a slightly bigger and more frequent ‘dig’ at certain elements of local media!",
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"content": "justification: The answers describes the source of the claim as a satirical source.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Pakistani media reported Clashes between Indian & Chinese forces in Naku La sector of North Sikkim resulted in China killing 158 Indian soldiers, Which is the same number which Pakistan beat India by in the Champion trophy final cricket game at the oval in England.\n\nQ1: What was the final score of the 2017 Champion trophy final ?\nA1: Pakistan 338 - India 158\n(Difference of 180 runs)\n\nQ2: Did India report any losses relating to this clash ?\nA2: In a report by Hindustan times External affairs ministry spokesperson Gopal Baglay said Such reports are utterly baseless, malicious and mischievous,\"\n\nQ3: Did China report any losses relating to this clash?\nA3: China described the reports from Pakistan as \"Baseless & fake\"\n\nQ4: Did a clash take place?\nA4: A report by business today says that while a clash did occur, only minor injuries were sustained by each side.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the first Q and A pair show that the number match part of the claim is correct, However the claim as a whole is shown to be false by the following Q and A pairs as they show no deaths occurred\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A U.S. prisoner who was sentenced to death was told they would be bitten by a deadly snake. They were blindfolded but only pricked with two harmless needles, after which they died almost instantly.\n\nQ1: Did a U.S. prisoner sentenced to death die thinking he was bitten by a deadly snake, when in fact he was pricked by two harmless needles?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: What different methods of execution does the United States use?\nA2: The primary means of execution in the U.S. have been hanging, electrocution, the gas chamber, firing squad, and lethal injection.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The US does not use snakes as a form of execution, as stated in the Q&A, so the claim is clearly not true. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Garlic can kill brain cancer cells\n\nQ1: Have any studies been conducted on the effect of garlic on cancer cells?\nA1: Yes, because Dr. Rohini Karandikar, a science education researcher at the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE). She explained that although many studies have been conducted regarding the effect of garlic on cancer cells, there has been no major breakthrough yet.\n\nQ2: How much garlic does someone have to consume to reduce the risk of cancer?\nA2: If garlic consumption does reduce the risk of cancer, the amount needed to lower risk remains unknown.\n\nQ3: Has there been research on whether garlic can kill tumour cells?\nA3: Yes, because Dr Arabinda Das, and colleagues from the Medical University of South Carolina carried out this research. The study was funded in part by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The study was published in the peer-reviewed medical journal: Cancer.\n\nQ4: What was found by Dr Arabinda Das and colleagues from the Medical University of South Carolina when researching garlic's effects on tumour cells?\nA4: The researchers grew human glioblastoma (a type of brain tumour) cells in the laboratory. They then treated some of these cells with increasing concentrations of three compounds found in garlic. Other cells which were not treated with these compounds were used as controls. They then looked at whether the treated and control cells survived. They also looked at what changes were happening in the cells that might explain how and why they lived or died.\n\nThe researchers found that all three compounds caused more glioblastoma cells to die (by a method known as apoptosis) than was observed in the untreated control cells. The higher the concentration of the compound used, the more cells died.\n\nThe researchers then reported their results and went into in-depth analysis about the biochemical changes occurring in these cells.\n\nThe researchers concluded that garlic compounds cause human glioblastoma cells to die by apoptosis. They also drew conclusions about what biochemical changes might play a role in this cell death.\n\nQ5: What did the NHS Knowledge Service make of this study?\nA5: This was a laboratory study, and no conclusions about the effects of garlic on human health can be drawn from it.\n\nThis study did not look at the effects of eating garlic in people who have glioblastoma; it also did not look at whether eating garlic prevents people developing cancer. In addition, this study did not look at the effects of these garlic compounds on healthy human cells; therefore it is possible that these compounds also kill healthy cells.\n\nBased on this studies findings, we shouldn’t believe that eating garlic will prevent or cure cancer.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This was a laboratory study, and no conclusions about the effects of garlic on human health can be drawn from it.\n\nThis study did not look at the effects of eating garlic in people who have glioblastoma; it also did not look at whether eating garlic prevents people developing cancer. In addition, this study did not look at the effects of these garlic compounds on healthy human cells; therefore it is possible that these compounds also kill healthy cells.\n\nBased on this studies findings, we shouldn’t believe that eating garlic will prevent or cure cancer.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Swedish Parliament banned Mandatory Vaccinations Over Serious Health Concerns in May 2017.\n\nQ1: Have mandatory vaccinations been banned in Sweden\nA1: In Sweden, all vaccinations are voluntary. Nevertheless, the sign-up rates to the child vaccination programme have been high for many years.\n\nBefore the vaccination register was established, vaccination coverage was assessed via an annual collection of vaccination statistics from all child health centres and from all school health services across the country.",
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"content": "justification: It seems all vaccinatios are voluntary, therefore the refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sir Roger Moore Died Aged 89 in 2017\n\nQ1: When did Sir Roger Moore die\nA1: Actor Sir Roger Moore, best known for playing James Bond, has died aged 89, his family has announced.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence from trusted news source\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: AAP candidate who lost seat against Congress forfeited security deposit in MCD by-elections.\n\nQ1: Who was the AAP candidate who lost their seat in the MCD By-election.?\nA1: Chaudhary Zubair Ahmad defeated AAP’s Mohammad Ishraq Khan by over 10,000 votes.\n\nQ2: Did Mohammad Ishraq Khan Forfeit his security deposit ?\nA2: No, because INC Chhattisgarh tweeted to inform that the AAP candidate's security deposit was not forfeited.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The candidate lost his seat but not the security deposit. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A Biology Experiment By 9th Grade Students Reveals A Dark Truth About Wi-Fi & Gains The Attention Of Scientists\n\nQ1: What happened in the experiment?\nA1: Some students in Denmark did a school experiment and found cress growing near wi-fi routers went brown.\nApparently the researchers (some 15-year-old schoolchildren, in a classroom experiment in Denmark), decided to run the experiment after noticing they had trouble concentrating the morning after sleeping close to their mobile phones.\n\nQ2: What did experts think of the experiment?\nA2: The suggestion by scientists interviewed about the research is that routers give out heat, and this probably dried out the cress in the rooms with the routers in, so equivalent water was not enough for them.\n\nThere have been suggestions that the light from mobile phones or tablets just before bed can disrupt sleep patterns, although again there’s not really any strong evidence for this.\n\nQ3: Did a biology experiment by ninth grade students reveal a \"dark truth\" about the dangers of Wi-Fi?\nA3: No, that is not clear: The study was conducted as a classroom experiment without the proper scientific controls of a professional lab experiment. The girls take 400 seeds and separated them out across 12 different trays. Six of the trays were placed in each of 2 rooms which were both kept at the same temperature.After 12 days,The cress seeds in the first room were growing well,the seeds that were placed next to the router showed no real growth at all. The scientist observed that The problem is that due to a difference in temperature of just a few degrees, it can already take a couple of days for the cress to grow to the same height.If there was indeed a difference in temperature due to the placement of the laptops, it would be likely that the WiFi group could have germinated and grown similar to the control group if it was allowed to grow on for a couple of days.Norwegian science journalist said We have published around 60 years of research in at least 1,300 peer-reviewed studies that are essentially unable to find any effect on EM radiation cells in the frequency range in question. Nothing. The World Health Organization (WHO) went through 25,000 articles on the topic published over the last 30 years without finding any evidence that such radiation can have a biological effect.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: One study is not enough. The controls were not necessarily scientific enough. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump delivers some headway toward health care price transparency\n\nQ1: Is transparency a part of Trump's health care plan\nA1: Yes, because The plan Require price transparency from all healthcare providers, especially doctors and healthcare organizations like clinics and hospitals. Individuals should be able to shop to find the best prices for procedures, exams or any other medical-related procedure\n\nQ2: What headway has been made as part of the transparency act\nA2: Starting January 1, 2021, each hospital operating in the United States will be required to provide clear, accessible pricing information online about the items and services they provide",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The question and answer pairs show that the plan does cover this and the progress made so far, supporting the claim. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United Nations has a secret plot to wipe out 95% of the world's population in the next ten years.\n\nQ1: What are the goals of the United Nations\nA1: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that this is not in the goals for the UN, therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In South Africa from 2016 to 2019, at senior management level males remain dominant at 67.6% and females at 32.4%.”\n\nQ1: Was the gender split of senior management in South Africa in 2015/16?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: What percentage of senior management roles are held by women in SA?\nA2: A 2012 report said that \"although some progress has been accomplished on women representation in senior management in the public service, the low representation of women in corporate decision-making positions in the private sector remains a challenge.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The questions do not show the percentages of gender in senior management in south africa. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Jacob Zuma claimed in 2017 that the South African Government was actively involved in the property sector, having provided more than 4 million houses since 1994.\n\nQ1: How many housing units have been delivered since 1994?\nA1: A total of 3,030,824 housing units were delivered from 1994/1995 to 2015/16 – around a million less than Zuma claimed.\n\nQ2: How are these figures verified?\nA2: here are concerns about the accuracy of housing statistics. Experts caution that the figures have not been independently verified, so they should be seen as “indicative rather than entirely conclusive”.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Since 1994, Houses provided are 3,030,824 which are basically around a million less than 4 million houses. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cadbury remove the word easter from its entire collection of easter products as to not offend other religions.\n\nQ1: Has Cadbury removed the word 'Easter' in Easter egg chocolates ?\nA1: Based on the evidence, it is found the Facebook post to be false. Cadbury said it had not removed the word ‘Easter’ from its “entire collection of Easter eggs”. The company’s director of marketing said the word ‘Easter’ and theme features on their Easter product packaging. The Cadbury Facebook page shows the word clearly visible on its Easter promotional material.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Cadbury have debunked this claim stating that they had not removed the word ‘Easter’ from its “entire collection of Easter eggs”.The company’s director of marketing said the word ‘Easter’ and theme features on their Easter product packaging. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nicole Kidman ‘blacklisted’ from Hollywood for vowing to support president Donald Trump.\n\nQ1: Does Nicole Kidman Support Donald Trump?\nA1: She said \"He’s now elected and we as a country need to support whosever the president because that’s what the country’s based on. And however that happened, he’s there and let’s go.\"\n\nHowever her comments seem to be in support of who ever is in office rather than Trump himself.\n\nQ2: Was Nicole Kidman Blacklisted from hollywood?\nA2: No she has featured in many top movies since making the statement such as \"Boy Erased,\" \"Aquaman,\" and \"The Goldfinch.\" She’s also been an executive producer on several projects.",
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"content": "justification: The questions explore both the quote and whether the 'blacklisting' happened, and both were exaggerated / false. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Wetting your head before your body while showering can lead to a stroke.\n\nQ1: What causes strokes\nA1: Strokes are either caused by lack of supply of oxygen and blood to the brain or a bursting of the blood vessels in the brain\n\nQ2: Is there an order in which to bathe in order to prevent strokes\nA2: There is no evidence about the order in which the having a bath could affect or lead to a stroke",
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"content": "justification: The answers and credible sources do not mention anywhere about this being a trigger for a stroke so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: McDonalds Caught Using Human Baby Meat in Their Burgers\n\nQ1: Where was the claim first published\nA1: It was first published on https://www.huzlers.com/mcdonalds-exp...\n\nQ2: What kind of website is www.huzlers.com\nA2: Their 'About Us' page reads, \"Huzlers is a satirical and fictional entertainment blog producing content in such a complex way that it could not conveniently be presented or represented anywhere else but Huzlers! \"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources clearly show the claim is fake news on a satirical site so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: U.S. birth certificates are federal bank notes valued between $650,000 and $750,000.\n\nQ1: Are U.S. birth certificates federal bank notes valued between $650,000 and $750,000?\nA1: No, because Several internet blogs and videos make false claims that a United States birth certificate is a negotiable instrument (a document that promises payment) that can be used to:\n\nMake purchases that will be charged to a “Exemption Account” (perhaps identified by your social security number or EIN), or\nRequest savings bonds held by the government in your name and owed to you.\nThe truth is, birth certificates cannot be used for purchases, nor can they be used to request savings bonds purportedly held by the government. Also, the “Exemption Account” is a false term; these accounts are fictitious and do not exist in the Treasury system. \n\nThere is no monetary value to a birth certificate or a social security number/EIN, and TreasuryDirect accounts must be funded by the owner (through payroll deductions or from purchasing directly from the owner's personal bank account) to have any value.",
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"content": "justification: The first Q&A pair state this claim is false, with a statement saying also that birth certificates cannot be used as any sort of currency in the same way a federal bank note can be.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Two men, Mateusz Pawlikowski and Piotr Czak-Zukowski, who threw bacon at a mosque are sentenced to eight months in jail.\n\nQ1: What jail sentence was given to the men who hurled bacon at a worshipper in a mosque\nA1: The pair, who hurled expletives at one man before throwing rashers of bacon at him and onto the floor at his feet, were each sentenced to eight months in prison at Blackfriars Crown Court",
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"content": "justification: Seems from the QA that the answer is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A man, Emdadur Choudhury, who burned poppies on Remembrance Day 2011 as a counter protest and was fined £50 under the Public Order Act, paid the fine by using his benefits.\n\nQ1: On Remembrance Day 2011, did a man named Emdadur Choudhury burn poppies?\nA1: Yes, because He was found guilty of burning poppies at a protest in west London on Armistice Day.\n\nQ2: Was Emdadur Choudhury fined £50 for burning the poppies on Remembrance Day 2011?\nA2: Yes, because Emdadur Choudhury, 26, of Spitalfields, east London, was fined £50 for offences under the Public Order Act.\n\nQ3: How did Emdadur Choudhury pay for his £50 fine?\nA3: The extremist told how radical Muslim cleric Anjem Choudary had offered to foot the bill\n\nQ4: Was Emdadur Choudhury on state benefits?\nA4: Yes, because Emdadur Choudhury receives £792 in benefits from the state.",
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"content": "justification: The !st and 2nd Q&A pair coroberate the part of the claim stating that the named man did commit the crime claimed but not the part about the fine which The 4th Q&A pair does state that the man in the claim was receiving state benefits but no Q&A pair state if they were used to pay the fine in the claim. And even Q&A pair 3 only states that someone 'offered' to pay the fine for him.\nso information is not proved wrong but information has been cherry-picked as he likely had to pay from benefits if he was out of work.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A man, Emdadur Choudhury, who burned poppies on Remembrance Day 2011 as a counter protest was fined £50 under the Public Order Act.\n\nQ1: Was Emdadur Choudhury fined £50 for burning poppies?\nA1: A Muslim extremist has been found guilty of burning poppies at a protest in west London on Armistice Day.\n\nEmdadur Choudhury, 26, of Spitalfields, east London, was fined £50 for offences under the Public Order Act.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence shows that a man named Emdadur Choudhury was fined under the public order act \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A man, Emdadur Choudhury, who burned poppies on Remembrance Day 2011 as a counter protest and was fined £50 under the Public Order Act, laughed at his sentencing when in court.\n\nQ1: Are there news reports that mention Mr Choudhury laughing in court?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Were there reports of Mr Choudhury laughing after the trial?\nA2: Yesterday he laughed at justice as he was handed a paltry £50 fine for setting light to poppies on Remembrance Day and yelling ‘British soldiers burn in hell’.\n\nQ3: Was a Emdadur Choudhury fined for burning poppies ?\nA3: It is true that Emdadur Choudhury was fined £50 for offences under the Public Order Act after he burnt three poppies on Remembrance Day 2011 as part of a counter-protest.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 2 states the person named in the claim did laugh in court as claimed, after he received a fine for 'burning poppies' on remembrance day which supports what is claimed he was in court for. as it shows he breached a public order act for doing it which is also part of the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Thomas Jefferson third president of the United States drafted the Declaration of Independence on hemp paper.\n\nQ1: What did Thomas Jefferson draft the Declaration of Independence on?\nA1: According to sources at the Library of Congress, analysis by paper conservators has determined that the paper is mostly likely Dutch in origin. While hemp was commonly used to make paper in Southern Europe during this time, the Dutch were much more likely to use flax or linen rags.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The source shows that the paper is not made of hemp so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Hilary Clinton said IF THAT F**KIN BASTARD WINS, WE’RE ALL GOING TO HANG FROM NOOSES\n\nQ1: Is Hilary Clinton quoted as saying: \"IF THAT F**KIN BASTARD WINS, WE’RE ALL GOING TO HANG FROM NOOSES\"\nA1: There is no record of Hilary Clinton every saying this both publicly nor privately in her leaked emails.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Seems that prezident Clinton never said this statement therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
Subsets and Splits