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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africa launched the Safe (Sanitation Appropriate For Education) initiative in August 2018\n\nQ1: Did South Africa launch the Safe (Sanitation Appropriate For Education) initiative in August 2018?\nA1: The Sanitation Appropriate For Education (Safe) initiative was launched on 14 August 2018.\n\nQ2: When was the Safe (Sanitation Appropriate For Education) initiative launched in South Africa?\nA2: The SAFE (Sanitation Appropriate for Education) campaign, launched at a breakfast with CEOs of major companies in Pretoria on Tuesday, 14th of August 2018, has already raised R45 million from the corporate sector to fix sanitation in schools, according to a press release from the department. The department said 3,898 schools needed sanitation.\n\nQ3: What are the steps to be taken after launching the SAFE (Sanitation Appropriate for Education) campaign?\nA3: South African President Cyril Ramaphosa vowed to get rid of open pit latrines in schools across the country on Tuesday following numerous deaths, according to South Africa’s Eyewitness News.\n\nRamaphosa said an audit will be conducted of the country’s 25,000 schools over the next month, and then an infrastructure plan for replacing the latrines will be devised over the following three months. The government will then come up with a financing strategy for the project, with the partial help of private donors, and finally implement improved sanitation facilities, according to Eyewitness News.\n\nKey financing partners of the Sanitation Appropriate for Education (Safe) program include the Nelson Mandela Foundation and UNICEF",
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"content": "justification: The SAFE initiative was launched 14th August 2018\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over the past five years, we’ve made significant progress with the provision of infrastructure. More than R1.3 trillion has been invested\n\nQ1: How much has the South African government invested in Infrastructure between 2013-2018\nA1: the government plans to spend over R3.6-billion on upgrading and providing new infrastructure\n\nQ2: How many houses were built and subsidized by the South African government\nA2: 475, 598 houses\n\nQ3: When was the claim made?\nA3: early 2019\n\nQ4: How much had the south African government spent on infrastructure in the five years prior to the claim?\nA4: R1.26 trillion was spent on infrastructure in the last five financial years 2013 to 2018 so the claim is correct if including 2019's spending.",
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"content": "justification: this is true if including this years spending. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over 700,000 children [accessed] early childhood education in the last financial year\n\nQ1: Did Cyril Ramaphosa underestimate the number of children in early childhood development facilities in South Africa?\nA1: yes. Ramaphosa put the number at “nearly one million children” in 2018. Then in 2019, his figure was “over 700,000”. Both figures are an underestimate.\n\nQ2: Is Ramaphosa's statement of \"over\" 700,000 technically correct, whilst being inaccurate?\nA2: Yes, because The statement is technically correct as he stated \"over\" 700,000 children. But it is inaccurate as the 2017 general household survey reported that just over 2 million children under the age of four were attending a “day care centre, crèche, early childhood development centre (ECD) playgroup, nursery school or preprimary school”.\n\nQ3: How many children were in some kind of pre-school in South Africa in 2016?\nA3: 2,409,953 children were in some kind of pre-school in 2016. (Note: These were children who were younger than eight at the start of 2016.)\n\nQ4: What has been said about Cyril Ramaphosas's claims on children's education numbers in 2018?\nA4: They have been labelled as incorrect. He suggested that 1 million children had access to early childhood education, which is an underestimate\n\nQ5: How many children were in some kind of pre-school in South Africa in 2017?\nA5: No answer could be found.\n\nQ6: How many children were in some kind of pre-school in South Africa in 2011?\nA6: 1 013 229",
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"content": "justification: while the claim is technically correct, as the real figure IS \"over 700,000\" the figure is 2 million which is quite significantly more than 700,00 so while technically true, it is inaccurate. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over the past five years, we’ve made significant progress with the provision of infrastructure. More than R1.3 trillion has been invested.” the president said about South Africa\n\nQ1: How much has been spent in infrastucture between 2013 to 2018\nA1: 1, 259.8 billion\n\nQ2: How much was spent on public infrastructure in South Africa between 2013/14 and 2017/18?\nA2: 2013/14\tR244.8\n2014/15\tR262.2\n2015/16\tR261.2\n2016/17\tR249.8\n2017/18\tR241.8\n\nQ3: What is the total spending on public infrastructure in South Africa from 2013/14 to 2017/18?\nA3: Total of R1,259.8\n\nQ4: When was this claim made?\nA4: 07/02/2019",
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"content": "justification: The claim has stated MORE than R1.3t but the QA pairs show it is less, because of this i have not allowed rounding up to play a factor.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over 20 percent of Americans between the ages of 25-54 do not have a job, which is higher than was the case 19 years ago.\n\nQ1: what is the unemployment rate in the US\nA1: The U.S. jobless rate dropped to 3.7 percent in September — the lowest since 1969, though the economy added a lower-than-expected 134,000 jobs, the Bureau of Labor Statistics said.\n\nQ2: is the unemployment rate in the US higher now (2019) than it was 20 years ago?\nA2: No, because The U.S. jobless rate dropped to 3.7 percent in September 2019 — the lowest since 1969!\n\nQ3: What percent of Americans between the ages of 25-54 did not have a job in 2019?\nA3: 79.9 percent of the 25-to-54 population was working in January, So 20.1 percent was not working.",
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"content": "justification: yes, over 20% of 25-34 year olds do not have a job. but this is nor higher than 19 years ago\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over the past five years South Africa have built two new universities.\n\nQ1: How many new universities have been built in South Africa since 2014?\nA1: SOUTH Africa is about to start building its first new universities since 1994. The Sol Plaatje University in Kimberley in the Northern Cape will welcome its first students in 2014, while work is also underway on Mpumalanga University, which will have campuses in Nelspruit and Siyabuswa. Construction of the R6 billion Sol Plaatje University is set to start this month and is expected to be completed by 2015.\n\nQ2: when were these universities built\nA2: 2014",
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"content": "justification: 2 Universities confirmed in QA pair.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over the past five years, from 2013 - 2018, more than R1.3 trillion has been invested to build [infrastructure including electrifying] more than a million homes\n\nQ1: Did South Africa spend nearly R1.3 trillion on public infrastructure in the period 2013-2018?\nA1: Yes, because Approximately.\n\nQ2: South Africa spent nearly R1.3 trillion on public infrastructure in the period 2013-2018. Did this include building more than a million homes?\nA2: No, because According to the South Africa department of human settlements, close to 500,000 homes, or “housing units”, were delivered.\n\nQ3: South Africa spent nearly R1.3 trillion on public infrastructure in the period 2013-2018. Did this include electrifying more than a million homes?\nA3: Yes, because Close to 1.2 million homes were connected to the electricity grid from April 2014 to October 2018, according to the department of energy in South Africa.",
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"content": "justification: Supported by figures given in QA pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over 700,000 children in South Africa [accessed] early childhood education in the last financial year of 2018\n\nQ1: According to experts how many children are in early childhood development facilities in South Africa in 2018?\nA1: Martin Gustafsson\nResearch on Socio-Economic Policy (ReSEP)\nUniversity of Stellenbosch 2018\n\nThe main aim of the current report is to correct what seems to be widespread\nmisperceptions around how many children in South Africa attend some form of ECD\ninstitution, or pre-school in the sense of an institution below the level of a primary\nschool. Many available statistics point to total ECD enrolment being in the range of\n900,000 to 1.5 million. In fact, Stats SA data reliably point to a figure of around 2.4\nmillion.\n\nQ2: Is 2 million more than 700,000?\nA2: Yes, because Simple maths",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that the figure for enrolment as between 900,000 to 1.5 million both of which are supportive of the claim of it being 'over 700000.\nQ&A 1 also states the most reliable figure is 2.08 million which is also supportive of the claim of it being over 700000.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over the past five years, we’ve made significant progress with the provision of infrastructure. More than R1.3 trillion has been invested\n\nQ1: Which year had the most increase in spending for infrastructure is Souh Africa?\nA1: the year 2014/2015\n\nQ2: when was this claim made?\nA2: 06/02/2019\n\nQ3: how much has been spent on infrastructure\nA3: Between 1998/99 and 2016/17, the public sector spent more than R2.7 trillion on infrastructure.",
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"content": "justification: Claim says over past 5 years but QA pairs state how much was invested between 1998/99 and 2016/17, \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2018 we had 10 million tourists who came to our country South Africa, which is a huge increase\n\nQ1: What was the total number of tourists in South Africa in 2018 between January to November\nA1: The total number of tourists was 9, 464, 950\n\nQ2: What number of tourists visited South Africa in 2017\nA2: 9, 293, 618 tourists\n\nQ3: Is there data for visitors visiting South Africa during 2018?\nA3: The data is from January up until November. There is no data for December.\n\nQ4: When was the claim made?\nA4: 07/02/2019\n\nQ5: When will the data for December 2018 be released?\nA5: EXPECTED RELEASE DATE:\n25 February 2019",
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"content": "justification: there is no evidence for 2018, so this isn't something that can be confirmed. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Since South Africa launched the initiative, 699 schools have been provided with safe and appropriate sanitation facilities and projects, and a further 1,150 schools are either in planning, design or construction stages.\n\nQ1: How many schools have been provided with safe and appropriate sanitation facilitates in South Africa?\nA1: 787 schools “have been provided with safe, age- and grade-appropriate sanitation facilities, with the old pit latrines demolished.\"\n\nQ2: How many South Africa schools are either in planning, design or construction stages?\nA2: 1,062 schools were in the planning, design or construction stages\n\nQ3: Are these numbers verifiable?\nA3: No, because “There is very limited publicly available data on the scope, plans and progress regarding the Safe initiative,” said Hopolang Selebalo, co-head of research for advocacy organisation Equal Education.\n\nNtsiki Mpulo, head of communications for civil society movement Section 27, added: “There doesn’t seem to be any concrete information available on Safe inroads since its announcement.”\n\nQ4: How many schools have been provided with safe and appropriate sanitation facilitates in South Africa in 2019 ?\nA4: Since then 88 more schools have been completed, bringing the total to 787, spokesperson Troy Martens told. This claim seems to be true.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that a few more than claimed schools (787) have been provided with safe and appropriate sanitation facilities and projects.\nQ&A 2 shows that a few less than claimed (1,062) schools were in the planning, design or construction stages\nbut the numbers are close and what's high in the first figure makes up for the second figure being a little low.\nHowever Q&A 3 says the numbers are not actually verifiable so more evidence is needed to say these numbers are factual. in reference to Q&A 3's statement.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over the past five years South Africa has built two new universities.\n\nQ1: When was Sol Plaatje University in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa opened?\nA1: 19 Sep 2013\nIt gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the launch of the Sol Plaatje University and celebrate the establishment of the first university in South Africa since we achieved democracy.\n\nQ2: When was University of Mpumalanga in Mbombela, South Africa established?\nA2: University of Mpumalanga is based in Mbombela, South Africa. It was established in 2014, initially accommodating a modest intake of one hundred and forty students.",
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"content": "justification: Sol Plaatje University in Kimberley, Northern Cape and University of Mpumalanga in Mbombela were constructed \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Every month 17.5 million social grants are provided to South Africans.\n\nQ1: Which body administers Social Grants in South Africa?\nA1: South African Social Security Agency (SASSA)\n\nQ2: What does the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) have to say about the number of social grants that have been provided?\nA2: By the\nend of March 2018, there were 17 509 995 social grants in payment,\nincluding the Grant-in-Aid.\n\nQ3: Does the SASSA give out around 17.5 million in social grants every month as is claimed?\nA3: Yes, because The figure is a total for each month,",
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"content": "justification: The sources proved that each month around 17.5 million is given in social grants to South Africans.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump tweeted on February 6, 2019 that he was “extremely happy with the leadership of President Ramaphosa, he is a great deal! Business community is happy too! And don’t make mistakes by voting useless leadership on this coming election!!”\n\nQ1: Did Donald trump tweet “I'm extremely happy with the leadership of President Ramaphosa, he is a great deal! Business community is happy too! And don’t make mistakes by voting useless leadership on this coming election!!”\nA1: No, because the Tweet does not appear in an archive of all tweets from Donald Trumps twitter account.",
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"content": "justification: It seems that Donald Trump did not tweet the stated claim on February 6th 2019.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The 1939 Cancer Act makes researching cancer cures illegal.\n\nQ1: is it illegal to research a cure for cancer in the UK.\nA1: No, because The UK Cancer Act 1939 makes no mention of 'research' in the laws reach and scope,",
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"content": "justification: The answer provides an answer to a straight forward question which suggests there is no mention of research being illegal in the UK cancer act, so this answers the question and proves the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2019 there were more women in the US workforce than ever before.\"\n\nQ1: How many women were in the US workforce in February 2019?\nA1: There were 73.6 million US women in employment in January 2019, a fall from 73.9 million in the previous month.\n\nQ2: What percentage of women made up the US labor force participation in 2019?\nA2: In February 2019 it was 57.5%\n\nQ3: Has the US labor force participation rate for women been higher than 57.5%?\nA3: Yes, because 57.5% is below what it was from about 1995 to the Great Recession, when it was typically in the 59% to 60% range.",
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"content": "justification: The number of women in the workforce actually fell in 2019 \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: According to a 2017 Doctors Without Borders Report, more than 30 percent of women are sexually assaulted on the trek to the border.\n\nQ1: How many people were surveyed about their journey to USA from Mexico ?\nA1: 429 migrants and refugees\nanswered SGBV questions\n\nQ2: What percent of the 429 surveyed were women?\nA2: 12 percent were female.\n\nQ3: What percent of Females surveyed had experienced sexual abuse?\nA3: 31.4%\n\nQ4: What percentage of women had experienced rape or direct sexual assault?\nA4: Considering only rape and other forms of direct sexual\nviolence, 10.7 percent of women surveyed reported this.",
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"content": "justification: Using the the definition of sexual assault as when someone makes another person take part in a sexual activity with them without that person's consent. the percentage of more than 30 percent is verified by the source.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: More than 12.5 crore Soil Health Cards have been distributed in India.\n\nQ1: How many Soil Health Cards have been distributed in India?\nA1: Total of 17.53 crore Soil Health Card have been distributed till now.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: 17.3 crore is greater than 12.5 crore.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Maternal mortality rates show that mothers, especially black mothers, risk death to give birth in America.\n\nQ1: How many black women die during child birth in the US?\nA1: During 2014–2017, the pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 41.7 deaths per 100,000 live births for non-Hispanic Black women.\n\nQ2: How many white women die during child birth in the US?\nA2: During 2014–2017, the pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 13.4 deaths per 100,000 live births for non-Hispanic White women.",
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"content": "justification: The answers show that the US maternal mortality rates are higher for black women than white women.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: China produces 50,000 jobs every 24 hours.\n\nQ1: How many jobs are produced in China every 24 hours?\nA1: calculated at around 35,600 jobs per day",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source shows that they produce a lot of jobs but not 50,000 so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: We have created 5.3 million new jobs and importantly added 600,000 new manufacturing jobs.\n\nQ1: How many new jobs have been created since Donald Trump became President?\nA1: 4.9million since January 2017 when Donald Trump took office.\n\nQ2: How many new jobs created have been manufacturing jobs since Donald Trump became President?\nA2: 454,000 have been created since Donald Trump took office.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A Pair give two numbers that are both not the same as each other or the claims figure.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States is now the number one producer of oil and natural gas anywhere in the world.\n\nQ1: Which country is the number one producer of oil and natural gas anywhere in the world?\nA1: United States",
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"content": "justification: Confirmed via source although is joint with China.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Wages struggle to keep pace with the actual cost of living in America.\n\nQ1: Are there Wages struggle to keep pace with the actual cost of living in America?\nA1: The current wage increase began in earnest in the second half of 2014, when Obama was still more than two years away from leaving the White House. Overall, wages increased by 7.5 percent over that period, from $330 to $355.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Seems from the answer to the question that the wages are actually increasing. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2016-17, 62% of income received by farmers in Northern Ireland came from the European Union.\n\nQ1: What was the average income received by farmers in Northern Ireland from the European Union in 2016-17?\nA1: £27,648 per farm\n\nQ2: What was the net income per farm in 2016-17?\nA2: £16,387 per farm\n\nQ3: What was the total farm income in 2016-17?\nA3: £44,035\n\nQ4: What is the percentage of income from EU payments to Northern Ireland farms in 2016-17?\nA4: 62.4%",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the last question and answer pair specifically, it seems that the claim is suported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Since the Republican tax cuts became law, manufacturing plants are closing, layoffs are looming, and wages struggle to keep pace with the actual cost of living.\n\nQ1: When did the Republican tax cuts became law in the United States?\nA1: President Donald Trump signed the GOP tax bill in law on 22nd December 2017.\n\nQ2: During the period that the GOP tax bill was enacted to the time of the claim what is the status of total employment figures, and employment figures for the manufacturing sector in the United States?\nA2: 2018 experienced more job creation than the previous two years, with 2.6 million new jobs over the course of the year compared with 2.2 million in 2017 and 2.3 million in 2016. - The 284,000 manufacturing jobs created in 2018 was the most the industry has added in a calendar year since 1997.\n\nQ3: During the period that the GOP tax bill was enacted to the time of the claim, what was the Cost of Living status in the United States?\nA3: The all items index increased 1.9 percent for the 12 months ending December; this was the first time the\n12-month change has been under 2.0 percent since August 2017. The index for all items less food and energy rose 2.2 percent over the last 12 months, the same increase as for the 12 months ending\nNovember. The food index rose 1.6 percent over the past year, while the energy index declined 0.3 percent.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the answers to the claim it seems that the life quality is increasing, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: IN 2016-17 80% of income received by farmers in Northern Ireland came from the European Union\n\nQ1: How much do the farmers receive from Northern Ireland\nA1: £16,387 per farm and an additional £27,648",
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"content": "justification: This claim is accurate. The average payment received from the EU (£27,648) in 2016-17 represented 62.4% of total farm income (£44,305). This ratio fluctuates with market prices; it ranged between 52% and 71% during 2012-13 to 2016-17.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Richer, older men in England more likely to drink to excess.\n\nQ1: What is classed as 'excess' drinking in England?\nA1: Drinking more than 14 units of alcohol a week.\n\nQ2: What percent of men drink excessively in England?\nA2: 28% of men\n\nQ3: Does drinking excessive alcohol increase with age?\nA3: When questioned about drinking in 'the last week' The proportion of men and women drinking in the last week increased with age and was highest among both men and women aged 55 to 64 (72% and 63% respectively).\n\nQ4: Does The likelihood of drinking over 14 units also increases in households with higher incomes?\nA4: Yes, because The proportion of adults usually drinking at increased or higher risk of harm was highest in higher income households for both men and women",
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"content": "justification: NHS data sourced states this very clearly.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alcohol deaths in England are at a record high after 6 per cent rise in a year.\n\nQ1: What was the percentage increase in alcohol related deaths in 2017\nA1: In England in 2017, there were 5,843 alcohol-specific deaths4. \n\nThe number of deaths is 6% higher than 2016\n\nQ2: How has alcohol deaths per 100, 000 people changed over the past years from 2007\nA2: The rates for both males and females per 100, 000 has remained broadly similar since 2007.",
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"content": "justification: IT seems that the increase was only from 2016 to 2017, therefore the label is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: For the first time in 65 years America is a net exporter of energy\n\nQ1: How much natural gas did the US export in 2018?\nA1: Since exports of U.S. LNG began in 2016, over 1.3 trillion cubic feet of U.S. natural gas has been exported.\n\nQ2: How much oil did the US import in 2016?\nA2: As seen in figure 2, crude oil imports declined steadily as the United States became less reliant on foreign oil. Imports fell from 8.9 million barrels per day in September 2011 to a low of 7.1 million barrels per day in June 2014, a 20.7-percent decline. Crude oil imports remained below 7.5 million barrels per day as production slowed during the second half of 2015. Domestic production also slipped over the rest of 2015, falling to 9.2 million barrels per day by the end of the year.\n\nQ3: Why does the US import and export oil?\nA3: First, there is economics. Decisions to import or export are typically based on supply and demand for a product at that location, as well as transportation costs. Products are often both exported and imported when it makes economic sense.",
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"content": "justification: U.S becomes the World’s Largest Crude Oil Producer and Department of Energy Authorizes Short Term Natural Gas Exports\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Americans pay vastly more than people in other countries for the exact same drugs, often made in the exact same place\n\nQ1: Has there been independent research into the price of drugs around the world?\nA1: Yes, because Including by the RAND corporation.\n\nQ2: Is the RAND corporation a reliable source?\nA2: Yes, because 'The RAND Corporation, according to the corporate web site, is a \"nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis\" and maintains that pursuing its core objectives of \"quality\" and \"objectivity\" requires it to be nonpartisan.'\n\nQ3: What does the RAND corporation report say about drug prices in the USA compared to the rest of the world?\nA3: The United States spends more on prescription drugs on a per capita basis than most other countries do. Understanding the extent to which drug prices are higher in the United States than in other countries—after accounting for differences in the volume and mix of drugs—is useful when developing and targeting policies to address both growth in drug spending and the financial impact of prescription drugs on consumers.\n\nPrices in the United States are higher than those in all comparison countries\nU.S. prices were 256 percent of those in the 32 comparison countries combined.\n\nIn comparisons with individual countries, U.S. prices ranged from 170 percent of prices in Mexico to 779 percent of prices in Turkey.\n\nThe gap between U.S. prices and prices in other countries was larger for brand-name originator drugs.\n\nU.S. prices were 84 percent of prices in all non-U.S. countries for unbranded generics.\n\nU.S. prices were 190 percent of prices in other countries after adjusting U.S. prices downward to account for rebates and other discounts.",
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"content": "justification: Prices in the United States are higher than those in all comparison countries\nU.S. prices were 256 percent of those in the 32 comparison countries combined.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: African-American, Hispanic-American and Asian-American unemployment have all reached their lowest levels ever recorded\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 5th February 2019\n\nQ2: Was the US African American unemployment rate in Feb 2019 at a record low?\nA2: No, because The rate fell to a record low in May 2018.\n\nQ3: Was the US Asian unemployment rate at it's lowest in Feb 2019?\nA3: No, because Asian unemployment was at 2% in May 2018 and has risen to 3.2% in Feb 2019.\n\nQ4: Was US Hispanic unemployment rate at it's lowest in Feb 2019?\nA4: No, because Hispanc unemployment was 4.4% in Dec 2018 and had risen to 4.9% in Feb 2019.",
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"content": "justification: it seems that 2018 had the lowest rates of African-American, Hispanic-American and Asian-American unemployment, not 2019. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Year after year, countless Americans are murdered by criminal illegal aliens in America.\n\nQ1: Does the US have a national database on murders committed by immigrants in the country illegally?\nA1: No, because The overall picture of immigrants and crime remains confused due to a lack of good data and\ncontrary information.\n\nQ2: what are the function of border patrol\nA2: keep the border safe and prevent entry of illegal migrants",
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"content": "justification: The Q&As do not explore the claim enough. There should be questions about how many of these crimes are known about not just asking if there is a database and what does the border patrol do. Therefore there is not enough evidence to support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The border city of El Paso, Texas, used to have extremely high rates of violent crime — one of the highest in the country, and considered one of our nation's most dangerous cities. Now, immediately upon its building, with a powerful barrier in place, El Paso is one of the safest cities in our country.\n\nQ1: Before the barrier was built, did El Paso, Texas, have an extremely high rate of violent crime within the country?\nA1: From 1985 to 2014, El Paso's violent crime rate was substantially lower than the national average for similar-sized cities.\n\nQ2: When was the barrier added to El Paso, Texas?\nA2: The construction of the barrier began in 2008.\n\nQ3: Has the barrier in El Paso, Texas, lowered violent crime?\nA3: No, because From 2006 to 2014, the crime rate rose 17%.\n\nQ4: Is El Paso, Texas, a safe city?\nA4: El Paso is No. 6 on list of the \"Top 10 Safest Metro Cities\" for 2019 with populations over 300,000 rated by SafeWise, a home security and safety website.\n\nQ5: Is the fence necessarily the cause of the rising crime rate?\nA5: No, because Empirical data suggests no significant difference in the average violent crime rate in border and non-border metropolitan areas, said a 2016 border security report from the Congressional Research Service.",
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"content": "justification: QA pair states Violent crime rate was substantially lower in comparison prior to the barrier being in place and that crime levels rose afterwards.\n\n\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: India produces 450 jobs every 24 hours.\n\nQ1: What is the annual equivalent of 450 jobs per day?\nA1: 450 x 365 = 164,250\n\nQ2: How many jobs were created in India in 2018/2019?\nA2: The payroll data showed, in total, as many as 61.8 lakh jobs were created during September 2017 to July 2018 period. Amid concerns over jobless growth and lack of comprehensive data on jobs, the government started releasing data on job creations in the formal sector since September 2017. Any company employing more than 20 people gets covered by EPFO.\n\nQ3: How many jobs were created in India between September 2017- September 2018\nA3: With the new figures, the total number of jobs created rose to 61.81 lakh since September 2017.",
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"content": "justification: Based on the QA pairs the number is significantly less in the claim than what was achieved.\n\n164,250 in 1 year in claim \n\nVs\n\n61.8lakh in QA pairs (6,180,000)\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nearly 5 million Americans have been lifted off food stamps.\n\nQ1: How many people in the US were receiving food stamps in 2016?\nA1: US Government data show there were 44.2 million people participating in the Supplemental Nutrition and Assistance Program (SNAP) in 2016. before US President Donald Trump took office.\n\nQ2: What were the most up-to-date numbers for people in the US receiving food stamps, at the time of US President Donald Trump's 2019 State of the Union address?\nA2: Government data showed that in 2018, there were 40.3 million people in the US participating in receiving food stamps, a decrease of 3.9 million from 2016.",
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"content": "justification: Data provided shows that 3.9 million people were lifted off food stamps and not 5million \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: One in five people aged 16 and over are drinking more than recommended levels.\n\nQ1: What is the recommended drinking levels for people aged 16 and above in the UK ?\nA1: The UK Chief Medical Officers considered and accepted the advice of the expert group\nand agreed on 3 main recommendations:\n• A weekly guideline on regular drinking;\n• Advice on single episodes of drinking; and\n• A guideline on pregnancy and drinking.\nOn regular drinking\nNew weekly guideline [this applies for people who drink regularly or frequently i.e. most\nweeks].\nThe Chief Medical Officers’ guideline for both men and women is that:\n• You are safest not to drink regularly more than 14 units per week, to keep health\nrisks from drinking alcohol to a low level.\n• If you do drink as much as 14 units per week, it is best to spread this evenly over\n3 days or more. If you have one or two heavy drinking sessions, you increase\nyour risks of death from long term illnesses and from accidents and injuries.\n• The risk of developing a range of illnesses (including, for example, cancers of\nthe mouth, throat and breast) increases with any amount you drink on a regular\nbasis.\n• If you wish to cut down the amount you’re drinking, a good way to help achieve\nthis is to have several drink-free days each week.\n\nQ2: What is the age limit of Alcohol consumption for people in UK ?\nA2: The following table, showing penalties for selling, supplying, offering to supply and hiring (as appropriate to the \nlegislation) products to persons under certain ages. These penalties are in place to protect young people and a good \nreason to stop shops selling to those underage.\nPRODUCT AGE RESTRICTION MAXIMUM PENALTY\nAdult fireworks and sparklers (category 2 [outdoor use \n- confined areas] and category 3 [outdoor use - large \nopen areas] fireworks) \n18 and over Unlimited fine and six months’ imprisonment \nAerosol paint 16 and over £2,500 \nAlcohol 18 and over Unlimited fine and forfeit of licence \nChristmas crackers 12 and over Unlimited fine and six months’ imprisonment \nCrossbows 18 and over Unlimited fine and six months’ imprisonm\n\nQ3: What is the recommended drinking levels for people in the UK ?\nA3: The UK Chief Medical Officers considered and accepted the advice of the expert group\nand agreed on 3 main recommendations:\n• A weekly guideline on regular drinking;\n• Advice on single episodes of drinking; and\n• A guideline on pregnancy and drinking.\nOn regular drinking\nNew weekly guideline [this applies for people who drink regularly or frequently i.e. most\nweeks].\nThe Chief Medical Officers’ guideline for both men and women is that:\n• You are safest not to drink regularly more than 14 units per week, to keep health\nrisks from drinking alcohol to a low level.\n• If you do drink as much as 14 units per week, it is best to spread this evenly over\n3 days or more. If you have one or two heavy drinking sessions, you increase\nyour risks of death from long term illnesses and from accidents and injuries.\n• The risk of developing a range of illnesses (including, for example, cancers of\nthe mouth, throat and breast) increases with any amount you drink on a regular\nbasis.\n• If you wish to cut down the amount you’re drinking, a good way to help achieve\nthis is to have several drink-free days each week.\n\nQ4: What percent of adults aged 16+ drank more than 14 units per week?\nA4: 21% (Very close to the 1 in 5 as per claim)",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 3 shows that the figure in the claim of 1 in 5 over 16yolds drinking above recommended levels is about correct with a percentage of 21% to back this up. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Wages are rising at the fastest pace in decades with President Donald Trump in 2019.\n\nQ1: Has wages risen in America during Donald Trump's presidency?\nA1: Increase of 1.1 percent over the past 2 years.\n\nQ2: Did wages rise during Barack Obama's presidency?\nA2: 2.2 percent increases in 2016 and 2014. Six of Obama’s eight years in office saw gains of 2 percent or less.\n\nQ3: When was the last highest wage increase in the United States?\nA3: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: QA pairs suggest Obama had a 0.1% higher rise.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo refused to meet with Atiku Abubakar, the presidential candidate for the People's Democratic Party, when the Nigerian politician visited the US.\n\nQ1: Did Secretary of State Mike Pompeo refuse to meet with Atiku Abubakar, the presidential candidate for the People's Democratic Party, when the Nigerian politician visited the US?\nA1: No, because #FakeNEWS Alert! If you have seen such manufactured content on @Facebook, or received it via @WhatsApp, please communicate that it’s fake news. #NigeriaDecides\n\nQ2: Did Secretary of State Mike Pompeo speak with Atiku Abubakar, the presidential candidate for the People's Democratic Party?\nA2: Yes, because Atiku Abubakar said on Twitter: \n\n\"Earlier today I received a call from US Secretary of State, \n@SecPompeo\n, who reaffirmed the international community’s commitment to free and fair elections in Nigeria. \n\nWishing you all a peaceful elections, wherever you are. God bless Nigeria\".",
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"content": "justification: The answer doesn't really explain in detail much, but it seems Mike Pompeo didn't refuse to meet Atiku Abubakar\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya Ports Authority is looking to hire 140 people, aged 18 - 35, who have graduated from a well recognised university between 2012 and 2018.\n\nQ1: what kind of claim is this?\nA1: Kazi kazi kazi....kuna kazi Poti?\neye-crossed-out\nFalse Information\nChecked by independent fact-checkers\n See Why \nNo photo description available.\n\nQ2: Is the Kenya Ports Authority looking to hire 140 people, aged 18–35, who have graduated from a well-recognized university between 2012 and 2018?\nA2: No, because The attention of the Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) Management has been drawn to the actions of some fraudsters who are inviting unsuspecting job seekers for employment at the Authority. The deceitful advert targeting the youth has been circulated via social media and other online platforms.\n\nWe wish to clarify that KPA has a clear recruitment policy which includes publishing of vacancies in the mainstream newspapers and on the KPA website www.kpa.co.ke. Thereafter, formal communication on interviews for shortlisted applicants is undertaken. It should also be noted that the Authority has official domain email addresses which are on our website and not the gmail address indicated in the fake advert. Further, it should be noted that all recruitment activities in KPA are devoid of any payments.\n\nMembers of the public are therefore advised to ignore the messages circulating on social media and other online platforms purporting that KPA has advertised 140 vacancies targeting diploma and degree holders. This is a hoax. We therefore advise members of the public to beware of such conmen/fraudsters and to imme- diately report any such incidents to the Authority or the nearest Police Station.\nKPA is committed to best practice and the principles of transparency and equal employment opportunities to all, when such opportunities arise, as enunciated in the Constitution of Kenya.",
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"content": "justification: Fake advert\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South African footballer Ekstein resigns from Kaizer Chiefs after fight with manager Middendorp\n\nQ1: Did the South African footballer Ekstein resigns from Kaizer Chiefs after fight with manager Middendorp?\nA1: Credible South African sports website Kick Off reports that Ekstein’s contract with Chiefs comes to an end in June 2019. Its says the midfielder is not happy with his new contract, stalling negotiations and prompting speculation that he may sign with another club in the next season. So this claim is false.",
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"content": "justification: The 1st Q&A gives a reliable source which states the footballer in the claim left his team due to not being happy with his contract, not as is claimed after a fight with the teams manager.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: When the Buhari administration came in, Boko Haram was holding 17 local governments in the northeast of Nigeria, they are not holding any local governments now\n\nQ1: What is the Buhari administration?\nA1: It refers to President Muhammadu Buhari of Nigeria\n\nQ2: What is boko harem?\nA2: The group called Jama atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda a Waati Wal Jihad, better known as Boko Haram (which roughly translates as “Western education is forbidden”), is an armed group that opposes secular authority. They oppose anything they see as being “influenced by the West” including voting and secular education.\n\nQ3: When did the Buhari Administration begin?\nA3: 2015\n\nQ4: How many local governments was boko harem holding in 2015?\nA4: Anywhere from 14 to around 20.\n\nQ5: How many areas does Boko Haram hold now?\nA5: It is hard to conform, but intelligence believes the group does hold some areas in the north.",
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"content": "justification: The claim that Boko Haram was holding 17 local governments in the northeast of Nigeria at the start of the Buhari administration could be feasible, but no evidence is available as to what the situation is now. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Buhari of Nigeria claimed that at the start of the current administration, Boko Haram were holding 17 local governments in the northeast but they are not holding any local government now.\n\nQ1: How many local government areas are under millitants control in 2015?\nA1: Just three weeks ago, the two representatives said, the militants controlled 14 local governments in Nigeria’s north. Today, they control only four.\n\nQ2: Is there any other reports of how many there are?\nA2: At the start of this year, Boko Haram controlled around 20 local government areas,\n\nQ3: Are there any reports to show how many local government areas they have now?\nA3: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: The figure of 17 local governments in the past is supported by estimates of 14 and 20. There is no information on how many were held by Boko Haram in 2019.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Atiku Abubaka, Nigerian presidential candidate, claimed Nigeria had 21 million unemployed young men and women in 2018.\n\nQ1: How many people were unemployed in Nigeria in 2018?\nA1: 20.9m Nigerians Jobless",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim said 21 million and evidence shows 20.9 million which when made a round number is 21 million \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africa has one of the highest dropout rates\n\nQ1: Are there countries with higher drop out rates than South Africa\nA1: Comparing data from 2014-2019 shows that 38 other countries have higher dropout rates than South Africa",
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"content": "justification: Ranked 39th - seems to high to support claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 80%of the population continues to occupy less than 10% of the South African Land\n\nQ1: Who made this claim?\nA1: The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)\n\nQ2: What data does the EFF base this claim on?\nA2: The EFF bases its claim on ownership data and the size of the African and coloured population.\n\nQ3: Is ownership data a good representation to calculate the figures for this claim?\nA3: The party’s national communications manager, Sixolise Gcilishe, explained it was calculated using South Africa land redistribution numbers\n\nQ4: Are the calculations done by EFF using the SA land redistribution numbers accurate?\nA4: news24 states that the EFF’s calculation makes assumptions about ownership to support a claim about the occupation of land. It incorrectly assumes white people own 82 million hectares of agricultural land and overestimates land individually owned by Indians.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems from the Q&A that ownership data is not a reliable way to calculate figures, and this claim is not correct. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Close to 40% of South Africans who need jobs are unemployed, meaning that more than nine million South Africans who need jobs and are capable of working cannot find employment\n\nQ1: How many people were unemployed in South Africa in February 2019?\nA1: According to the report and based on the official definition of unemployment, 6.2 million people were unemployed at that time.\n\nQ2: Does the official definition of unemployment include people who are considered \"discouraged work seekers\"?\nA2: No. People who wanted to work, but did not try to find work because of a lack of jobs in their area, because they had lost hope or could not find work requiring their skills, were not counted as unemployed.\n\nQ3: How many people were considered discouraged work seekers?\nA3: 2.7 million.\n\nQ4: If you add up the discouraged work seekers and the official unemployed, does it equal 9 million unemployed people in South Africa?\nA4: 2.7 million discouraged work seekers, plus 6.2 million officially unemployed equals 8.9 million.\n\nQ5: How many people were considered discouraged work seekers at the time period leading up to February 2019?\nA5: 2.7 million.\n\nQ6: If figures include the discouraged work seekers and the official unemployed, does it equal 9 million unemployed people in South Africa in February 2019?\nA6: 2.7 million discouraged work seekers, plus 6.2 million officially unemployed equals 8.9 million.\n\nQ7: Are any other people classed as unemployed in South Africa?\nA7: A further 2.7 million were identified as discouraged work seekers. -people whowanted to work, but did not try to find work because of a lack of jobs in their area,\n\nQ8: The claim states 'close to 40% , What does this refer to?\nA8: The 40% refers to the the labour force (26.1 million)\n\nQ9: What is 40% of the 26.1 million\nA9: Almost 9.8 million",
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"content": "justification: The figures in the Q&A seem accurate and very close to the amounts in the claim. So the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The post-1994 governments have cumulatively bought less than 7% of the targeted 30% of land meant for redistribution over a period of 25 years.\n\nQ1: How much agriculture land did South Africa have in 1994 ?\nA1: Approximately 82 million hectares of white owned agricultural land\n\nQ2: What amount of land did the Government have as a target to distribute?\nA2: 30% of this land to the previously disadvantaged by 2014. This constitutes approximately 24.5 million hectares of the said agricultural land.\n\nQ3: Approximately how much land has been restored to date?\nA3: About 30% of the 24.5m has been targeted by 2014.\n\nBroken down as follows \n1994/95 - May 2009, amounts to 6.7m ha + 882 238ha (land redistribution: 2009 to-date) + 368 483ha (restitution: 2009 to-date), totalling 7.950 721m ha\n\nQ4: Has the post-1994 governments cumulatively bought less than 7% of the targeted 30% of land meant for redistribution over a period of 25 years ?\nA4: No, it has bought about 20% of the targeted 30% of the land.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 4 states that the post-1994 governments bought around 20% of the targeted 30% of land for redistribution, not the 7% of the targeted 30% as claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria has 90 million people living in extreme poverty as of 2019\n\nQ1: How many people live in extreme poverty in Nigeria in 2019?\nA1: In January 2019, when Obi made the claim, the clock’s estimate was 90.9 million extremely poor Nigerians or close to half of the country’s estimated population of 195.7 million.\n\nQ2: What date was the claim made?\nA2: 02/02/2019\n\nQ3: Who collects figures on world poverty in 2019?\nA3: the World Poverty Clock,\n\nQ4: What did the the World Poverty Clock show for people in poverty in Nigeria in 2019?\nA4: the world poverty clock shows 90.9 million people in extreme poverty in Nigeria in 2019.\n\nQ5: Have the world poverty clock's data collection methods been peer reviewed?\nA5: Yes, because Their findings are open and peer reviewed.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The figures shown in the Q&A support the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria earned US$383 billion from oil revenues in the four years preceding the Buhari government but there were no savings.\n\nQ1: How much did the Nigerian Government earn from from oil revenues in 2011?\nA1: $68.44 billion\n\nQ2: How much did the Nigerian Government earn from from oil revenues in 2012?\nA2: $58.08 billion\n\nQ3: How much did the Nigerian Government earn from from oil revenues in 2013?\nA3: $58.08 billion\n\nQ4: How much did the Nigerian Government earn from from oil revenues in 2014?\nA4: $54.56 billion\n\nQ5: How much did the Nigerian Government earn from from oil revenues between 2011 and 2014?\nA5: A total of $244 billion over the four years\n\nQ6: Were there savings in the excess crude account when Buhari took power in 2015?\nA6: Yes, because There was $2.078b in Excess Crude Account.\n\nQ7: Were there savings in foreign reserves when Buhari took power in 2015?\nA7: Yes, because $28.34 billion",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pairs suggest the oil revenues were $244 billion and that over $2b were in savings.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigerian vice presidential candidate Peter Obi claimed that Nigeria had 90 million people living in extreme poverty.\n\nQ1: How many people in Nigeria were living in extreme poverty in 2018?\nA1: 62,868,383\n\nQ2: How many people in Nigeria were living in extreme poverty in 2019?\nA2: 65,826,805\n\nQ3: Did Nigeria have an estimated 87 million people living in extreme poverty in May 2018 ?\nA3: In 2018, Nigeria surpassed India as the world's poverty capital, with around 87 million people living in extreme poverty,. However, according to the WPC, the latest statistics of Nigerians living in extreme poverty was pegged at (70,677, 758) representing 33 per cent of the population. The figure of 90 million is false",
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"content": "justification: According to the WPC, the latest statistics of Nigerians living in extreme poverty was pegged at (70,677, 758) representing 33 per cent of the population. The figure of 90 million is false\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Russia will not place short or intermediate range weapons in Europe or other regions.\n\nQ1: Has Russia placed any short or intermediate range weapons in any European parts of Russia?\nA1: Yes, because The 9M729 missile that is already deployed in European Russia is a threat to a number of European countries",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 states Russia has already placed short to intermediate range weapons in European lands of Russia which is in contention to the claim saying they will not place them in European regions.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria's capital expenditure in 2016 was N1.2 trillion and in 2017 was N1.5 trillion.\n\nQ1: What was Nigeria's capital expenditure in 2016?\nA1: - Capital Expenditure (excluding Share of\nCapital in Statutory Transfers) = N1.59 trillion\n- Capital Expenditure (including share of\ncapital expenditure in Statutory Transfer) = N1.75 trillion\n\nQ2: What was Nigeria's capital expenditure in 2017?\nA2: The total capital expenditure was N2,178 trillion in 2017.\n\nQ3: What was the recorded as Nigeria's Capital expenditure in 2016\nA3: – Capital Expenditure (excluding Share of\nCapital in Statutory Transfers) = N1.59 trillion\n– Capital Expenditure (including share of\ncapital expenditure in Statutory Transfer) = N1.75 trillion\n\nQ4: How much was recorded as Nigeria's capital expenditure in 2017\nA4: TOTAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURE 2,177,866,775,867",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The numbers stated conflict each other.\n\n2016 is said to be: \nN1.75t \nN1.2t\n\n\n2017 is said to be:\nN2.178t\nN1.6t\n\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Obama declared Flint water crisis a National Emergency and never fixed it.\n\nQ1: Did Obama declare a national emergency for the Flint water crisis?\nA1: No, because Obama did not declare a \"national\" emergency for flint. He did sign an Emergency declaration for Michigan which covered Flint since it is in that state.\n\nQ2: Was the city of Flint in Michigan awarded funds for the water crisis?\nA2: Yes $167,000,000 was awarded in funding for Flints water infrastructure.\n\nQ3: Have works already began to repair and replace the water infrastructure in Flint?\nA3: Overall, to date, service lines to 7,966 homes have been identified as lead and/or galvanized and have been replaced",
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources below show evidence that work has been done on water infrastructure and replacement of old pipes in the area of Flint so the claim is refuted. The crisis in Flint was not declared a national emergency.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Tshwane, the Democratic Alliance (DA) inherited a deficit of over R1 billion from the African National Congress (ANC) and turned it into a surplus in a year.\n\nQ1: Did the Democratic Alliance (DA) inherit a deficit of over R1 billion from the African National Congress (ANC)?\nA1: The City of Tshwane had a R1.4 billion deficit in 2015/16.\n\nQ2: Did the City of Tshwane have a surplus in 2016/17?\nA2: In 2016–17, Tshwane had a surplus of R730 million.\n\nQ3: Did the African National Congress (ANC) leave behind a surplus in 2016/17?\nA3: In a Sona Debate on the 12th of February 2019, Gauteng's head of social development, Nandi Mayathula-Khoza, stated that \"In Tshwane, the ANC-led government left a surplus of R736 million in 2016/17.\"\n\nQ4: how many persons could confirm the surplus\nA4: “In Tshwane, the ANC-led government left a surplus of R736 million in 2016/17,” said Gauteng’s head of social development, Nandi Mayathula-Khoza, during the Sona debate.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that as claimed the Democratic Alliance party in Tshwane did inherit over r1 billion in deficit Q&A shows r1.4 billion in 2015/16.\nQ&A 2 shows that by 2016-17 (a year later) they had turned it into a surplus of R730 million. which supports the claim fully.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The German press launched a massive campaign to discredit Russian and Russian language media.\n\nQ1: Has there been any evidence that the German press has tried to supress or discredit Russian language media?\nA1: Earlier in January, the German Association of Journalists (DJV) urged the state media regulatory authorities not to grant a broadcasting license to the channel Russia Today for its website RT Deutsch.\n\n“Russia Today is not an information medium for us, but a propaganda instrument of the Kremlin, which tries to make politics with disinformation,\" said DJV Federal Chairman Frank Überall. He added that, RT \"has repeatedly invented stories in the past.\" There should not be a broadcasting license for a propaganda station.\"\n\nQ2: Was this a campaign against Russian Media?\nA2: No, because Following Zakharova’s press conference on January 31, DJV issued a statement saying that there was no campaign against Russian foreign media in Germany, there is only “unanimous criticism toward the methods of their work.”\n\nThe editor-in-chief of T-online.de Florian Harms, and Christian Mihr, the Managing Director of the German office of “Reporters without Borders,” an International NGO based in Paris, joined in denying the Russian allegations.\n\nThe German government also rejected Russian MFA’s accusations that German press, in cooperation with the government, are waging a campaign against Russian media. Government spokesperson Steffen Seibert said, “Those who spread such unfounded claims have little to no idea of Germany and little idea of freedom of the press. I explicitly reject such allegations.”\n\nQ3: Why are German media critic of Russia?\nA3: RT and Sputnik face mistrust not only in Germany, but throughout most of Europe, including Britain and France. The French government has opened an investigation into possible Russian interference during the Yellow Vest protests last year, when social-media accounts linked to Moscow spread false news published by Russia Today and Sputnik.\n\nAn earlier fact check established that Moscow used the two outlets to undermine Emmanuel Macron’s presidential election campaign in 2017.\n\nMacron has stated openly in the presence of Russian President Vladimir Putin that “Russia Today and Sputnik were agents of influence and propaganda that spread falsehoods about me and my campaign.”\n\nAnd in December 2018, UK’s media regulator Ofcom, which has launched numerous probes of RT activities, found that the Russian channel has failed to comply with Britain’s broadcasting rules, which could result in fines and ultimately revocation of its broadcast license.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the question and answer pair it seems that the Russians are not discredited, but the action from other countries is due to their own actions. Therefore, the label is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Expanding Medicaid would bring 40,000 jobs to North Carolina.\n\nQ1: If Medicaid was expanded into North Carolina what sectors of industry would see an increase in Employment?\nA1: Ambulatory health care services, Hospitals, Construction, Retail & Wholesale trade, Food services & drinking places, Professional, scientific & technical services, Social assistance, State & local and all other sectors.\n\nQ2: What would be the potential job losses if Medicaid was not expanded into North Carolina.\nA2: By 2017, potential job losses would\nrise to 36,000 and would continue to climb to 43,000 by 2020.",
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"content": "justification: From the source, it is seen that in 2014, 23,000 fewer jobs were not created that could have been created and in 2015, 29,000 fewer jobs were also not created as a result of the state refusing to expand Medicaid\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Germany owes £3.7 trillion of WWII debt.\n\nQ1: What was the total cost of damage caused to Britain by Germany in World War 2?\nA1: The Commission estimated damage to all properties at\n£860 million at 1938 replacement cost or £1,450 million (£1.45 Billion) at 1947\nvalues.\n\nQ2: What is £1.45 Billion from 1947 worth in modern day money?\nA2: Factoring inflation alone at a rate of 4.7% as set by bank of england over this period the total amount would be £38,287,801,729.78\n\nQ3: Does Germany have an outstanding debt to the UK from damages that occurred during World War 2 ?\nA3: No the debts were written off in 1990: In 1990, the treaty on the final settlement with respect to Germany was signed by West Germany, East Germany, the US, the UK, the Soviet Union and France. It allowed the recently reunited Germany to have full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs. The Government considers that that treaty definitively settled between the parties matters arising out of the second world war. The treaty was laid before the House for clearance under the Ponsonby rule. The Government have no plans to reopen any claim for reparations from Germany in respect of losses sustained during world war two, including for damage caused to UK cities.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The debts referred to in the claim as still being owed in 2019, were written off in 1990 as stated in the Q&A pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: More than 9 million eligible voters aren’t registered for South Africa’s 2019 elections.\n\nQ1: Are more than a quarter of eligible voters not registered for South Africa’s 2019 elections ?\nA1: Yes, more than 9 million eligible voters aren’t registered for South Africa’s 2019 elections.\nWhile the number of registered voters in 2019 has increased to 26.7 million, the eligible population has increased to about 35.9 million.\nThis puts the registration rate at 74.5% in 2019.\nThis claim is correct.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Yes, more than 9 million eligible voters aren’t registered for South Africa’s 2019 elections\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The problem with wind is, in the United States, we’re subsidizing these wind towers all over the place because wind doesn’t work — for the most part, doesn’t work without subsidy\n\nQ1: Does USA have wind turbines?\nA1: Yes. The United States ranks first in the world for electricity generated from wind, according to the Department of Energy.\n\nQ2: Does USA have a subsidy system for wind turbines?\nA2: A 2017 report by Management Information Services Inc found that non-hydro renewable energy (primarily wind and solar) benefited from $158 billion in federal subsidies, or 16% of the total energy subsidies, largely in the form of tax policy and direct federal expenditures on research and development (R&D).\n\nQ3: What do America's Wind Turbines cost to product a Megawatt of electricity?\nA3: Lazard, an investment bank, estimated in November 2018 that unsubsidized wind costs between $29-$56 per MWh and with subsidies, wind costs between $14-$47 per MWh.\n\nQ4: Would America's Wind Turbines be profitable if they were not subsidised?\nA4: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence is not clear on whether subsidizing is a bad thing and whether it would be profitable if wind turbines were not subsided. Also, the U.S. also ranks first in the world for electricity generated from wind - meaning the U.S. depends heavily on wind power. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The biggest donor for Mitch McConnell is the Russian oligarch that the GOP controlled Congress just lifted sanctions on.\n\nQ1: Who is Mitch McConnell?\nA1: Mitch Mcconnell is the Senate Republican Leader\n\nQ2: Who is the Russian oligarch from the claim that Congress just lifted sanctions on?\nA2: the Trump administration announced that it was lifting sanctions against a trio of companies controlled by influential Russian oligarch Oleg V. Deripaska\n\nQ3: Who is the Donor the claim refers to?\nA3: Len Blavatnikgiven, who has donated to Donald Trump's inaugural committee\n\nQ4: Is Len Blavatnik associated with oleg Deripaska?\nA4: Len Blavatnik has a stake in Oleg Deripaska’s empire through a company called SUAL Partners Limited\n\nQ5: How much has Len Blavatnik donated to Mitch Mcconnell?\nA5: Records show company's Federal election records show AI-Altep Holdings Inc and Access Industries Inc are under his name in donation records with $2.5 million going to McConnell’s Senate Leadership Fund\nfor 2015-16\n\nQ6: Who do federal election records show as the highest donor to Mitch Mcconells leadership fund?\nA6: Federal election records for 2017-18 show at least two other donors, Sheldon D. Adelson and Miriam Adelson, gave $25 million (a piece) to his leadership fund.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It appears that whilst the russian oligarch has donated to Mitch McConnell, he is not the biggest donor as he has only given a few million at a time and Mitch's biggest donor appears to be Sheldon D. Adelson and Miriam Adelson that gave him $25 million each.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Microwaves from cell phones can pop popcorn\n\nQ1: Where does the claim originate from?\nA1: Bluetooth communications company Cardo Systems was the mastermind behind the popcorn video, produced in 2008.\n\nQ2: What is known about the videos authenticity?\nA2: Dr Abraham Glezerman, the company’s CEO, said in an interview that the video was part of a viral marketing campaign to create brand awareness and engage users in a “fun” way. It reached more than 18 million people on YouTube in less than five weeks.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim was a marketing campaign for the phone and not an instructional video as it cannot be done so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The world’s first human head transplant has been successfully achieved\n\nQ1: The world’s first human head transplant has been successfully achieved?\nA1: There is no evidence the surgery has been successfully performed on a living human. And experts say it probably never will.\n\nQ2: Is the head transplantation procedure feasible?\nA2: Yes, but currently there are not enough clinical studies done, to conclude this. However, step have been done towards the procedure.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No evidence to suggest it has happened.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A member of the African National Congress says that millions of Zimbabweans are living in South Africa.\n\nQ1: How many Zimbabweans are living in South Africa?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How many Zimbabwean migrants are there around the world?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: How many Zimbabweans live outside Zimbabwe?\nA3: There are about 16 million people in Zimbabwe, and with an estimated four million expatriates living abroad, there are likely more Zimbabweans working outside the country than in it.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No evidence of number of Zimbabweans living in South Africa to support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: PZ is pulling out of Nigeria after 120 years.\n\nQ1: Who is PZ?\nA1: PZ Cussons, one of the most popular conglomerates in Nigeria\n\nQ2: Have PZ been asked about this claim?\nA2: Conglomerate giant PZ Cussons Nigeria Plc says it is not leaving Nigeria and that claims of its departure from the country is totally false.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: PZ have confirmed it is not true and the pairs illustrate this. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said that owning guns was not a right.\n\nQ1: When did US Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez allegedly say that owning guns was not a right.?\nA1: interview with PBS in July, before she was elected to her seat in Congress.\n\nQ2: Does the transcript of this interview show her saying this?\nA2: No, because Not in transcript.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the quote is not in the transcript so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Alien Enthusiasts Shot Dead At Area 51.\n\nQ1: Where was this claim published?\nA1: LA Tlmes\n\nQ2: What is LA Tlmes?\nA2: A prank website",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: This claim was published by a prank site and is not verifiable. The link to the source does not work.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The question of Almajiris’ lack of primary or basic education are all local government problems.\n\nQ1: Who are Almajiris?\nA1: Almajiri is any child or adult who begs for assistance in the streets or from house to house.\n\nQ2: Who is responsible for maintaining education in Nigeria ?\nA2: Government shall direct its policy towards ensuring that there are equal and adequate educational\nopportunities at all levels.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: the evidence shows that the claim is true\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Every country in the world that wants to undergo serious development borrows money. Our debt-to-GDP ratio of about 20% is one of the lowest in the world.\n\nQ1: What is Nigeria's Debt-GDP ratio\nA1: 30.05%\n\nQ2: Is 30.05% as a Debt to GDP ratio one of the lowest in the world\nA2: No, because There are about 30 more countries with lower Debt to GDP ratio than Nigeria",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the ratio is 30.05% and is not the lowest so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria earned US$383 billion from oil revenues in the four years preceding our government [but] there were no savings.\n\nQ1: How much did the Nigerian government earn in the preceding 4 years?\nA1: The reports show that the Nigerian government earned $68.44 billion in 2011, $62.94 billion in 2012, $58.08 billion in 2013 and $54.56 billion in 2014.\n\nThis was $244 billion over the four years\n\nQ2: Were there any savings?\nA2: Nigeria had $28.34 billion in foreign reserves and $2 billion in its excess crude account in June 2015, days after Buhari took power, according to the finance ministry.\n\nQ3: Did the finance minister confirm the lack of savings\nA3: No, because Nigeria had $28.34 billion in foreign reserves and $2 billion in its excess crude account in June 2015, days after Buhari took power, according to the finance ministry.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The first Q&A show that the amount of revenue is lower than the amount in the claim so it is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Chelsea Clinton said Satanism is a religion that deserves respect.\n\nQ1: Did Chelsea Clinton specifically say that Satanism is a religion that deserves respect?\nA1: No, because Oh goodness gracious. We can be civil, cheerful, respectful to & friends with people who don’t share our religious beliefs. Sometimes, we even marry them. I’m a Methodist & my husband is Jewish, thank you for asking. A very happy New Year to you Rhonda!\n\nQ2: Has Chelsea Clinton ever mentioned the Church of Satan?\nA2: Yes, because In 2017, @ChurchofSatan & I were put on a few threads together. In 2018, it’s...@Hooters. What a time to be alive Chrissy!\n\nQ3: Is the Church of Satan involved in satanism?\nA3: Why do Satanists worship The Devil?\n\nWe don’t. Satanists are atheists. We see the universe as being indifferent to us, and so all morals and values are subjective human constructions.\n\nOur position is to be self-centered, with ourselves being the most important person (the “God”) of our subjective universe, so we are sometimes said to worship ourselves. Our current High Priest Gilmore calls this the step moving from being an atheist to being an “I-Theist.”\n\nSatan to us is a symbol of pride, liberty and individualism, and it serves as an external metaphorical projection of our highest personal potential. We do not believe in Satan as a being or person.",
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"content": "justification: Chelsea Clinton didn't say this about satanism.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: More than R2 trillion was invested in South Africa in infrastructure projects over 10 years (2008-2018) to build more schools, clinics, roads and the freight logistics network.\n\nQ1: How much money has been invested in infrastructure projects in South Africa over the past 10 years?\nA1: National Treasury, infrastructure spending in the past 10 complete financial years, came to R2.3 trillion.\n\nQ2: Where is the infrastructure money spent on?\nA2: ...infrastructure spending across the public sector, which includes national, provincial and\nlocal government, as well as state-owned companies and other public entities. Public funds allocated to public-private\npartnerships are also included.",
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"content": "justification: It seems from both question and answer pairs that the claim is supported. As more than R2.3 trillion have been invested into infrastructure.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africa has invested more than R2 trillion in infrastructure projects over the past 10 years to build more schools, clinics, roads and the freight logistics network.\n\nQ1: What is the total amount invested in infrastructure projects in South Africa in the past 10 financial years?\nA1: R2.3 trillion\n\nQ2: What areas of infrastructure are included in the total amount?\nA2: The annexure presents estimates of infrastructure spending across the public sector, which includes national, provincial and\nlocal government, as well as state-owned companies and other public entities. Public funds allocated to public-private\npartnerships are also included.\n\nQ3: Are schools, clinics, roads, and freight logistics networks among the infrastructure projects?\nA3: Yes, because The National Treasury confirmed that schools, clinics, roads and the freight logistics network were among these projects.",
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"content": "justification: Confirmed 2.3 trillion over the amount stated in claim. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: School attendance in South Africa increased “from 51% in 1994 to 99% today.\n\nQ1: What was the school enrolment rates for children aged 7-15 in 1994 in South Africa?\nA1: No exact answer could be found, but this is found - The South African Schools ‘Act (1996) makes schooling compulsory for children aged 7\nto 15. This has resulted in the sustained participation of over 95% in schooling since the\nmid to late 1990s\n\nQ2: What was the school enrolment rates for children aged 7-15 in 2019 in South Africa?\nA2: No answer could be found. But figures were found for 2017 with their being 14 million learners at school in 2017\n\nQ3: What's the compulsory school age in South Africa?\nA3: As stipulated in the South African Schools Act of 1996, all children between the ages of 7 and 15 are compelled to attend school. Parents and guardians should ensure that all learners of this age are registered to go to school and that their children attend school regularly.",
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"content": "justification: The claim refers to school attendance but the QA pair relates to school enrolment.\n\nMany pupils maybe enrolled but fail to attend.\n\nThere is no QA pair stating attendance levels at time of claim to support or refute the 99% in claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Since 1994, over 4.7 million free houses have been built, benefiting over 14 million people.\n\nQ1: How many houses have been built in South Africa from 1994 to 2018?\nA1: 3 263 331.\n\nQ2: How many people benefitted from the \n3 263 331 homes built in South Africa?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: What was President Kgalema statement on the construction of free houses\nA3: President Kgalema Motlanthe said: \"Government's social programmes have improved the asset base of the poor, in the form of housing with 2.6-million subsidised houses provided.\"",
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"content": "justification: Data from Historical Delivery of Housing Opportunities funded from the Human Settlement Developme Grant (HSDG) has shown that Since 1994 was 3 263 331. There is no record found on the number of number of people that are benefiting.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: ANC support for South African university and TVET college students from poor and working-class backgrounds through the national student financial aid scheme (Nsfas) has hugely increased from R70 million in 1994 to nearly R15 billion last year.”\n\nQ1: How much financial aid was given by the Nafas in 2018?\nA1: 2017/18\nR14.1 billion disbursed in student financial aid.\n\nQ2: How much financial aid was given by the Nafas in 1994?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Has financial aid for South African students increased since 1994?\nA3: From 1991 to 2014, the number of higher education students funded has\nincreased from 7 240 to 186 150, consistently showing a higher proportion\nof female students (for only two years of the 24 years is this less than\n50%), African students (most – 21 of 24 years – this is higher than 85%)\nfollowed by Coloured students, then Indian and then white students\n(usually between 1,7% to 3,9%).\n The funds to support these students increased from R22m in 1991 to\nR6,6bn in 2014, with the most significant growth in the years from 2010 to\n2014\n\nQ4: Why is it not advisable to trust the data provided\nA4: The enrolment rates for children aged seven to 15 in 1994 vary between 89.7% and 97.7%. This data was calculated using the 1994 October Household Survey. But Stats SA previously cautioned against using data from this survey because there were sampling and fieldwork issues.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that the figure of 15 billion in the claim that was donated by the Nafas in the year before the claim (2018) is almost 1 billion short, with it showing 14.1 billion donated over 2017-2018.\nQ&A 3 does say financial aid has increased over recent years which agrees with the claim, but Q&A 3 only shows a figure for what it has increased from in 1991 (22million) not 1994 which is the claim point, so more evidence would be needed for an accurate judgment.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: On 11th January 2019 Wisconsin property taxes are lower than they were in 2010.\n\nQ1: What were property taxes in Wisconsin in 2010?\nA1: $2,963\n\nQ2: What were property taxes in Wisconsin on 11 January 2019?\nA2: 2017 - 2018: $2,876",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Property taxes in Wisconsin in 2010 was $2,963.\nproperty taxes in Wisconsin on 11 January 2019 is $2,876.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The NHS Long Term Plan will save 500,000 lives.\n\nQ1: What is The NHS Long Term Plan?\nA1: The new plan focuses on what the NHS can deliver, and how. In terms of what, the aim is to shift the NHS model of care further upstream: more preventive care, closer integration of services in the community for people with chronic conditions, better coordination of urgent care to reduce demand on emergency departments, and outpatient visits reduced by a third. Improvements are promised in priority services, including mental health, maternity, and cancer. And there is a welcome emphasis on the NHS’s role in tackling health inequalities. Gaps in life expectancy in England are wide, growing, and unjust.5\n\nQ2: How will the NHS Long Term Plan save 500,000 lives?\nA2: NHS England’s Chief Executive, Simon Stevens, has written the plan at the request of the prime minister. He says it can save up to half a million lives by focusing on killer conditions and getting people to live healthier lifestyles.\n\nQ3: What is the breakdown of the 500,000 people saved?\nA3: No answer could be found.\n\nQ4: What is the time frame the NHS plan towards saving 500,000\nA4: NHS says itself in the plan, not all of the goals it sets are meant to be fulfilled within ten years, some are over a shorter time frame",
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"content": "justification: While the answers support this number, the evidence is based on the assumption of the NHS England’s Chief Executive, who has written the plan, which makes it probably biased. Further independent evidence is needed to support or deny the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigerian PDP vice presidential candidate Peter Obi claimed that Nigeria 90 million people living in extreme poverty in 2018/2019.\n\nQ1: Does Nigeria's 90 million people live in extreme poverty during 2018/2019?\nA1: n January 2019, when Obi made the claim, the clock’s estimate was 90.9 million extremely poor Nigerians or close to half of the country’s estimated population of 195.7 million.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Confirmed via answer however source now indicates it is lower at approx 69m\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria had 21 million unemployed young men and women in 2018/2019.\n\nQ1: How does the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics define \"young people\" in it's data?\nA1: the unemployment rate for young people (15-35years)\n\nQ2: How many young people are unemployed in Nigeria?\nA2: For the period under review, Q3, 2018, the unemployment rate for young people (15-35years)\ndeclined to 29.7% in Q3, 2018 from 30.50% in Q2 2018.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The actual amount is slightly higher as explained in the 3rd answer so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria earned US$383 billion from oil revenues in the four years preceding 2019 but that there were no savings.\n\nQ1: How much did Nigeria earn in 2011-2014?\nA1: $244 billion\n\nQ2: Were there any savings from this revenue?\nA2: Yes, because Nigeria had $28.34 billion in foreign reserves and $2 billion in its excess crude account in June 2015, days after Buhari took power, according to the finance ministry.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the question and answer pairs it seems that the numbers are not adding up. Therefore, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Muhammadu Buhari claimed in January 2019 that when his administration came in, Boko Haram were holding 17 local governments in the northeast but that they were not holding any local government now.\n\nQ1: How many local governments were Boko Haram holding in the northeast of Nigeria prior to 2019?\nA1: From an article in March 2015 - 'Just three weeks ago, the two representatives said, the militants controlled 14 local governments in Nigeria’s north. Today, they control only four.'\n\nQ2: How many territories in the North of Nigeria does Boko Haram hold in 2019?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and sources do not tell me what they are holding now so the claim cannot be supported or refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, “The only reason Trump is keeping his campaign promises is to influence the outcome of the election.”\n\nQ1: Is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez quoted as saying: \n\n“The only reason Trump is keeping his campaign promises is to influence the outcome of the election.”?\nA1: There is no record of her saying this on social media, news outlets, or deleted tweets.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no record of AOC saying this\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria's capital expenditure in 2016 was N1.2 trillion and 2017 was N1.5 trillion.\n\nQ1: What was the capital expenditure component of Nigeria's spending in 2016?\nA1: The capital expenditure component of the spending in 2016 was only N173bn of the projected N1.58tn. However, some of the capital expenses were carried into the new fiscal year 2017 in line with the clause attached to the Appropriation act.\n\nQ2: What was the capital expenditure component of Nigeria's spending in 2017?\nA2: the Minister of Power, Works and Housing (PWH), Babatunde Raji Fashola suggest that his ministry did not complete any capital project in 2017, despite receiving the largest capital expenditure allocation across all parastatals. \n\nDespite the Ministry's reports, the Debt Management Office (DMO) stated that it released ₦1.2 trillion to finance capital projects in 2017. Given the size of Mr Fashola's ministry, it is improbable that they received none of these funds. The implication is that the Ministry received these funds too late in the year to execute for that calendar year.\n\nThat is highly plausible. Afterall, in December 2017, the Minister of Finance announced the Ministry released ₦750 billion for capital projects. These projects effectively become 2018 projects.",
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"content": "justification: It seems that the umbers were slightly different, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigerian PDP presidential candidate Atiku Abubakar claimed Nigeria has \"not had it so bad\", when referring to unemployment..\n\nQ1: How many unemployed people are there in Nigeria?\nA1: From July to September 2017 the country’s unemployment rate increased to 18.8% from 16.2% in the previous three months.\n\nQ2: Have there been higher levels of unemployment in Nigeria before this?\nA2: In 2011, the unemployment rate was higher - at 23.9%.\n\nQ3: Has there been a change how unemployment figures are calculated?\nA3: Yes, because The calculation method was changed in 2014 so comparing historical figures with current figures would be wrong.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 does show unemployment had increased from the years previous to the claim, but more past data would be needed to see how bad it s current figures are for the broad ranging claim Q&A 3 shows that unemployment data collection changed in 2014 so comparing historical figures with current figures would be wrong for unemployment figures in Nigeria, making it difficult to use the data for unemployment in Nigeria shown in Q&A 1 So a more detailed breakdown of unemployment figures would be needed to support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Nigeria the question of Almajiris’ lack of primary or basic education are all local government problems.\n\nQ1: What are Almajiris?\nA1: In Nigeria, Almajiri is any child or adult who begs for assistance in the streets or from house to house. Islamic teachings strongly prohibit begging except in very special circumstances.\nThe majority of Almajiris in Nigeria are children from 3 to 18 years old. Community leaders say these children are totally neglected by their parents.\n\nQ2: Are Nigerian children entitled to a free education?\nA2: Yes, because 2.-( 1) Every Government in Nigeria sha.ll provide free, compulsory and\nUniversal basic education for every child of primary and junior secondary, school age.\n(2) Every parent shall ensure that his child or ward attends and completes his -\n(a) primary school education; and\n(b) junior secondary school education,\nby endeavouring to send the child to primary and junior secondary schools.\n(3) The stake-holders in education in a Local Government Area, shall ensure\nthat every parent or person who has the care and custody of a child performs the duty\nimposed on him under section 2(2) of this Act.\n\nQ3: Who is responsible for providing primary education in Nigeria?\nA3: Local government councils.\n\nQ4: does nigeria have a active vice president\nA4: No, because no",
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"content": "justification: The answers do not cover whether local governments are trying to tackle the problem or proof that they have been told to deal with the problem so there is not enough evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vegans now claiming that stuffing a turkey is sexual assault\n\nQ1: Where was the claim first published\nA1: wokenews.com\n\nQ2: What kind of site is wokenews.com\nA2: Their \"About Us\" page reads, \"WokenNews.com original content created by it’s writers is solely for entertainment purposes. Any similarities to real-life events are entirely coincidental and/or created for satirical and amusement purposes.\"",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources clearly show the claim is a hoax by a popular entertainment channel and so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Iraq and Syria have been liberated from ISIS.\n\nQ1: Have Iraq and Syria been ‘liberated’ from ISIS, as President Trump says?\nA1: In other words, declaring ISIS has been “beaten” or “defeated,” as President Trump did in December 2018, is flat-out wrong and would be worthy of Pinocchios.More recently, he has said that the United States has liberated “virtually 100 percent of ISIS in Iraq and Syria” and that the caliphate is “almost knocked out.” These assertions are closer to reality. ISIS can no longer claim it has a territorial caliphate in Iraq and Syria. It no longer controls land or operates a government.\n\nThat, however, doesn’t mean it could not resurge, as the president’s aides have made clear. In comparison with the last time the United States withdrew forces, the situation is eerily similar if not arguably worse.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: n other words, declaring ISIS has been “beaten” or “defeated,” as President Trump did in December 2018, is flat-out wrong and would be worthy of Pinocchios.More recently, he has said that the United States has liberated “virtually 100 percent of ISIS in Iraq and Syria” and that the caliphate is “almost knocked out.” These assertions are closer to reality. ISIS can no longer claim it has a territorial caliphate in Iraq and Syria. It no longer controls land or operates a government.\n\nThat, however, doesn’t mean it could not resurge, as the president’s aides have made clear. In comparison with the last time the United States withdrew forces, the situation is eerily similar if not arguably worse.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bollywood Singer, Lata Mangeshkar had chosen to stop recording new songs.\n\nQ1: When did Bollywood singer Lata Mangeshkar record a Marathi song \"Aata Visavyache Kshana\"?\nA1: In 2013, music director Salil Kulkarni came to me with the song,\" Lata Mangeshkar said.\n\nQ2: What is Lata Mangeshkar's opinion about retirement?\nA2: Lataji assured her fans she has no plans to retire.\n\n“I will continue to sing till my last breath. Music is the essence of my existence.\n\nQ3: What genre of songs does Lata Mangeshkar sing?\nA3: I just can’t connect with today’s film songs. So I have bowed out. As far as non-film songs are concerned, I will continue to sing them no matter what.”\n\nQ4: Was the announment made by JHOOTH BOLE KAUVA KAATE\nA4: No, because she refuted those claims herself",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QAs 2 and 3 provide evidence that the singer does not plan to retire and will continue to sing non-film related songs.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters made a violence-inciting remark about President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence saying, \"I say, we knock off Trump and then, go after Pence. We have the power.\"\n\nQ1: Did U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters say ''I say, we knock off Trump and then, go after Pence. We have the power.''\nA1: No, because “Knock off the first one, and then go after the second one,” she said.\n\nQ2: What was she referring to when she made this statement?\nA2: that an ousted President Trump would lead to a President Pence.\n\nQ3: Was there any context to the statement she made?\nA3: Yes, because She went on to say “We have the power. We have the numbers, but we’ve got to understand our power and we’ve got to use our power,”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters was taken out of context. Although she was speaking on the ousting of President Donald Trump, she actually said, \"Knock off the first one, and then go after the second one,\" She did say 'We have the power\" when she said, “We have the power. We have the numbers, but we’ve got to understand our power and we’ve got to use our power,”\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump is abusing the prescription drug Adderall.\n\nQ1: Does President Donald Trump use the prescription drug Adderall?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: What is Adderall?\nA2: Adderall, the brand name for dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, is typically prescribed for conditions like attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy.\n\nQ3: Is President Donald Trump on any medication?\nA3: His list includes Crestor for high cholesterol, aspirin to prevent heart attacks, antibiotics to treat skin rosacea, Propecia for baldness, and Ambien to help him rest on flights.\n\nThat's according to White House physician Ronny Jackson, who released information about Trump's yearly physical, which was conducted last week, at a press conference on Tuesday.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 2nd Q&A pair points to a list of prescription drugs that Trump uses which was provided by the White House physician, Adderall is not on that list so this disputes what is claimed about trump using the drug Adderall \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Diabetes can be cured by consuming sprouted wheat for 2 days.\n\nQ1: Is there a cure for diabetes?\nA1: There is no cure for diabetes.\n\nQ2: Can Type 1 diabetes be cured?\nA2: Diabetes can't be cured. Treatment aims to keep your blood glucose levels as normal as possible and control your symptoms.\n\nQ3: Is there a cure for Type 2 diabetes?\nA3: Diabetes is a lifelong disease and there is no cure.\n\nSome people with type 2 diabetes no longer need medicine if they lose weight and become more active.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no cure for diabetes \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff, a Democrat who represents California’s 28th Congressional District and is chair of the House Intelligence Committee, used taxpayer money to reach a sexual harassment settlement with a 19-year-old male.\n\nQ1: Did U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff use taxpayer money to reach a sexual harassment settlement with a 19-year-old male?\nA1: \"This false smear originated four months ago on a QAnon conspiracy account. It is obviously and categorically untrue.\"",
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"content": "justification: False news/Smear Campaign.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The UK paid £674 million in health costs to European countries, but received only £49 million in return.\n\nQ1: How much did the UK pay to other countries for the treatment of British citizens in those countries\nA1: £674,418,036\n\nQ2: How much did other countries pay to the UK for the treatment of their own citizens in the UK\nA2: £49,736,125",
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"content": "justification: The figures stated in QA Pairs match claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Samora Machel said “The day you hear the whites speak of me in good terms, don’t share your secrets with me, because that means I would have betrayed you already.”\n\nQ1: is Samora Machel quoted as saying “The day you hear the whites speak of me in good terms, don’t share your secrets with me, because that means I would have betrayed you already.”\nA1: There is no record of him ever saying this.\n\nQ2: Is Samora Machel known to be racist?\nA2: No, because quoted as saying \"there are whites born in Mozambique who want to join our ranks. We do not consider these as foreigners who support us. Such a man is one of us and it is his duty, just as it is my duty, to liberate Mozambique.\"",
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"content": "justification: It seems unlikely as it contradicts previous quotes by Samora.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Black Friday originated with the practice of selling off slaves on the day after Thanksgiving.\n\nQ1: When was the term black friday first recorded in use?\nA1: “Black Friday” was likely first used in 1951 – over 80 years after slavery ended in the US.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A pair 1 state that black Friday originated almost 80 years after slavery was ended, thus the claim mentioning slavery is wrong\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that 33crore bank accounts were opened in Chhattisgarh.\n\nQ1: Did PM Narendra Modi say that 33crore bank accounts were opened in Chhattisgarh?\nA1: No, because He actually said \"Today we have 33 crore bank accounts opened. In Chhattisgarh alone, 1.25 crore bank accounts have been opened for the people who had never visited a bank before.\"",
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"content": "justification: Prime Minister Modi's government opened bank account for the poor, although i did not see where it says 33crore bank accounts in the source. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: If a fire starts in the Yale library, all the oxygen leaves the building killing all who are inside in order to protect the rare books\n\nQ1: Does Yale have a rare book library?\nA1: Yes, because The Yale University Library comprises three central libraries—Sterling Memorial Library, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, and the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Library\n\nQ2: Does the Beinecke Library have a fire-extinguishing system removes the air from the book stacks dooming anyone inside to a slow death by asphyxiation?\nA2: There is a kernal of truth to this. Instead of water sprinklers that would harm the rare books collections, a combination of halon and Inergen gases would be pumped into the stacks to stop the combustion process, and thus the spread of fire.\n\nThey do lower the percentage of oxygen, but not enough to kill anyone.\n\nQ3: What is Inergen?\nA3: Inergen is a breathable fire extinguishing agent.",
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"content": "justification: The fire extinguisher used is breathable \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: the United States ranks third in murders throughout the world\n\nQ1: Does the United States rank third in murders throughout the world and would removing the cities of Chicago, Detroit, Washington D.C., St. Louis, and New Orleans from the total make the U.S. 189th out of 193 countries in the world in homicides?\nA1: No, that's not true: The U.S.has the second highest number of homicides -- behind Brazil -- but the nation's murder rate (the number of homicides for every 100,000 population) is way down the chart globally. Those five cities account for just 8 percent of total number of homicides in the U.S. annually. Removing them would not significantly change the U.S. murder rate ranking and it would still be number two in total homicides.",
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"content": "justification: The U.S. has the second-highest number of homicides, behind Brazil, even if you remove the cities of Chicago, Detroit, Washington, D.C., St. Louis, and New Orleans from the total.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: California wildfire is as a result of poor forest management.\n\nQ1: Did anyone from the fire services comment on the claim?\nA1: Scott Austin, president of the Pasadena Firefighters Association said in a tweet: \nMr. President, with all due respect, you are wrong. The fires in So. Cal are urban interface fires and have NOTHING to do with forest management. Come to SoCal and learn the facts & help the victims. Scott Austin, Pres IAFF 809",
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"content": "justification: Refuted by the fire service.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Removing the cities of Chicago, Detroit, Washington D.C., St. Louis, and New Orleans from the total would lower the ranking of the U.S. to 189th out of 193 countries in the world in homicides.\n\nQ1: What are the highest murderous cities in the United states\nA1: St. Louis, Atlanta, Orlando, Detroit, etc\n\nQ2: What is the ranking of the United states in world murder\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: What percentage of total US homicides do Chicago, Detroit, Washington D.C , St Louis and New Orleans account for?\nA3: Those five cities account for just 8 percent of total number of homicides in the U.S. annually\n\nQ4: Would removing those five cities from the figures, change America's position in the world chart?\nA4: No. Not counting those five cities, the number is still the second highest in the world.",
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"content": "justification: Removing those cities would decrease just 8 percent of total number of homicides in the U.S. annually\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
Subsets and Splits