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PNG images: Star rating icons
Stars are often used as symbols for ratings. They are used by reviewers for ranking things such as films, TV shows, restaurants, and hotels. For example, a system of one to five stars is commonly employed to rate hotels, with five stars being the highest quality.
Free Star rating icons
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About 150 years ago, a couple of Swiss wagon builders somehow won a contract to build muskets, and like in any business or personal relationship, one thing simply led to another.
Fast-forward to today and what is now known as “Sig Sauer” made a splash like few others at the 2015 SHOT Show. That impact is in no small part due to the aggressive leadership of CEO Ron Cohen. Cohen joined Sig Sauer as President and CEO in 2004 after years at the Israel Institute of Technology and service as a combat commander in the Israeli Defense Forces.
Under Cohen’s leadership, Sig Sauer has arguably become the fastest-growing firearms company in the U.S. It has tripled its work force and invested millions in state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities at its New Hampshire plant. Just as important, Cohen has invested in a high-quality leadership team, men like Andy York.
York came to the outdoor industry naturally. He was a young hunter, interested in innovative ideas who discovered that he also possessed an aptitude for business. Initially, he specialized in point-of-sale promotions and computer accounting systems in the automotive trades, photography, golf and recreational sports.
His dual interests in business and the outdoors eventually landed York at Leupold & Stevens, which grew by “driving innovation and partnering with the trade,” he says. From there, he transitioned to Blount International, a global manufacturer and marketer in the forestry, lawn and garden business, which gave him an international perspective.
Today, with decades of very broad business experience, Andy York looks at Sig Sauer and says there’s “not another company in our industry that has the growth rate and the potential that Sig Sauer has right now.” And so Tactical Retailer asked York to share his business and personal insights with the industry.
TR: Thank you for visiting with us, Andy. You mentioned that Sig has enormous potential. What exactly do you mean? Explain that potential.
York: Product diversity and sophistication; expanding marketing opportunities.
My philosophy is that at the end of the day, successful businesses start with product innovation. Look at the Sig Sauer product line. Sig puts its focus on building high-performance quality gear. That’s what built the brand.
My education and background are a good match because I believe in product innovation. That’s the center of everything. You can have great marketing and even great sales for a while, but at the end of the day, when the customer goes to the retail store, it’s the product that matters. A good marketing program gets a guy to the store, but eventually it’s product with strong features and buyer benefits; it’s value and stories that drive the consumer to pick your product.
TR: So gun manufacturing today is like the automotive business. We have to introduce new product with innovative features and benefits every year.
York: Absolutely.
Go to any trade show in any industry and people walk into your booth and want to know what’s new.
The challenge is that startup companies are usually founded by very innovative, passionate, engaged leaders. They know the field so well that they come up with a product that more cautious, established leaders don’t see. That’s the genesis of a startup. Then as they grow and increase in complexity and number of employees and become larger organizations, it gets to be a challenge to maintain focus on innovation, because as a company grows, you rightfully have to spend time with other administrative and process-oriented things: payroll and insurance and so on. But you have to keep your primary focus on product.
Look at Steve Jobs at Apple; that’s what he did and that’s why they’ve been so successful.
TR: So in a growing company, the founding genius eventually has to give way to a professional administrator?
York: Not necessarily, but some companies lose sight of innovation and lose their way. Look at Apple, though. Jobs was a strong leader who was also a very strong innovator. He understood how to bridge that gap and bring on people who could help grow the company.
TR: Is that true at Sig as well?
York: Look, a dozen years ago Ron Cohen came into a company that was a 10th of the size it is today. What was his approach?
Ron is an engaged CEO who can take apart every single product we build and put it back together. He knows why we decided to put a chamfer on that part and why we beveled that edge and why we chose that particular spring. He’s been part of those engineering discussions for a decade and consequently has built a product portfolio that has driven growth around the world.
Ron not only figured how to grow Sig, but he has brought on competent, experienced guys to manage the various business units. He put an infrastructure in place that can support a company that has grown ten-fold in 10 years, yet maintains a focus on product and innovation.
In Ron’s office, his whole wall is full of guns and you can see him get passionate as he walks you through them. That’s something you can’t say for every company CEO, not just in the shooting sports, but in general in any industry. I’d say that every company has a particular personality. Part of Sig’s success comes from Ron’s personality.
TR: So Ron has managed Sig in the U.S. as a product- and innovation-driven manufacturer?
York: Right. Lots of times when companies want to grow they look to acquire another company. Not that acquisition is a bad option, but it’s a different approach at Sig.
At Sig, it comes down to strong leadership. Ron said we want to get into airguns, so we hired Lou Riley, former CEO of GAMO. Then ammo, and we hired Dan Powers from RUAG and Bud Fini from Remington. Then silencers, and we hired Kevin Brittingham, former owner of Advanced Armament Corporation. Then optics, and he knocked on my door.
So it’s organic growth with strong leaders who are given the resources they need; we know how to build the businesses because we’ve done it in the past. Our job is to expand the Sig brand and what Sig means to the marketplace.
TR: But doesn’t Sig’s U.S. operation report to German owners?
York: The reality is that in Ron’s 12 leadership years, more and more of Sig’s production has been moved from Germany to the U.S. — Swiss design, German engineering and U.S. manufacturing. But now most of the engineering is done in the U.S., and more than 95 percent of the business is based here.
It isn’t just the managers, though. We have a thousand employees in New Hampshire, a state-of-the art facility and a hundred CNC machines — it’s the nicest firearms plant in the industry.
TR: Is Sig following in the footsteps of other European companies that have come into the U.S. market?
York: In my two-year forced exile into the forestry industry … two companies stand out: Blount and Stihl.
Stihl is similar to Sig. Stihl went from forestry into lawn and garden consumer gear and then consumables. They too brought most of their manufacturing to the U.S. and go direct to independent dealers, focusing on training. Stihl makes sure their guys are product experts and they focus on service and merchandising. When you walk into a Stihl-branded retailer, you know it because they give you a “store within a store” image.
There’s a two-way commitment between manufacturers and retailers. They buy our product, promote the Sig brand to their customers, and we’re going to make a significant investment in helping their business succeed.
Sig is branching out into affiliated product categories to become a more all-encompassing brand. We’re partnering with retailers in the same way Stihl does in their industry — training, merchandising, promotions, special product options … and totally engaging with them.
TR: Where is your division, Electro-Optics, going? Will we soon have cell phones in spotting scopes?
York: It’s a delicate balance, isn’t it? There’s always a need for better technology. So why “Electro-Optics?” There’s a lot of product that’s already “electro,” but you might not think of it that way. Anything with an illuminated reticle I would define as an electronic instrument because there are electronics inside; any rangefinder is electronic.
When you look at the transformation of industries … the photographic industry is a great one to look at. I was at Polaroid when we debated how fast silver-halide film was going to get trounced by digital. In the ’90s managers there thought it was still a generation away.
Three years later film was dead and the whole world had gone digital.
Then everyone chased megapixels, from 1 to 40, and over the course of say 2000 to about 2007, people switched to digital cameras. But then they switched to their smart phones and that industry changed yet again.
I don’t think the shooting sports are going to change that fast, though. By its nature, shooting and hunting are very traditional. But I think there are opportunities with digital technology.
Some companies want to create $10,000 riflescopes that can do everything for you, but that’s not our vision. Think of the illuminated reticle. Is there an application for electronics in the product that can improve the performance at an equal or slight upcharge over a basic optic? I mean, you can buy a good scope for $600 and one with an IR for $650. That’s within reach of most guys, and illumination provides a real benefit.
TR: So back to the original topic, Andy, Sig made quite a splash at SHOT.
York: As planned! We’re bringing out a new miniature hand-held compact spotting scope, the Victor 3, with variable power optics, 6-12, 10-20, 15-30. The scopes have little gyros on the prism that senses the shake in your hand and automatically with that motion sensor moves those gyros to stabilize the prism and takes out all the vibration. Independent focus, independent zoom wheel — and then you can switch on the stabilization switch and it’s as if you were looking through a scope on a tripod. It’s not a $10,000 scope, it’s a $500 scope — and it’s a game changer.
And we’re very proud that our Kilo 1600 Rangefinder can range accurately to 2,000 yards. Actually, it’s going to be accurate to 2,400 yards — over a mile and a half — and it ranges so fast in scan mode that we had to put a governor on it to slow it down. Everyone else was challenged to get a refresh rate of once or twice a second. The Kilo’s clock speed updates four times per second. We included an ambient light sensor inside, a “Lumatic Display,” that automatically senses conditions and calibrates the intensity of the display.
TR: What about the long term?
York: Electro-Optics is just part of the bigger vision. It’s Sig evolving to the next step. Sig spent the last 10 years ramping up its business for operators, law enforcement, military and special operations around the world. Because of that focus and drive to build high-performance gear … well, that’s why the tactical and concealed carry markets love our stuff.
Sig isn’t price-point gear; it’s performance gear for people who use it as a tool. That focus has driven the company the last 10 years. It’s time to take it to the next level on several fronts now, including the commercial market.
It’s really a matter of taking the company beyond what we’re known for in firearms and saying we want to take a systems approach, focus on anything that goes into or on a firearm. So you have silencers, ammunition, electro-optics and the airgun division as well.
There’s a lot going on at Sig right now.
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3 Ways to NOT Pay Private Mortgage Insurance
Private Mortgage Insurance is an additional fee that you are required to pay each month, on top of your mortgage payment. The purpose of private mortgage insurance is to protect the lender in case the borrower defaults on the property. It does not have any beneficial reasons to the borrower, the monthly payment does not go towards the loan and it is not tax-deductible. But, private mortgage insurance is not a mandatory payment for all homeowners, here is how you can overcome the mortgage insurance payment:
1. If you have a down payment more of 20% on a conventional loan you are able to surpass monthly mortgage insurance
2. Mortgage insurance is not required with a FHA loan
3. Mortgage insurance is not required with a VA loan
Overall, private mortgage insurance is just another payment that most lenders make you pay with a conventional loan, that in reality, you can save yourself from paying.
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Is religion in the U.S. doing a vanishing act?
US flag and religious cross
For generations, the United States has been considered a religious outlier—its citizens more dedicated to their faith and houses of worship than the rest of the developed world.
But that American devotion to religion may be waning, a decline that is mirrored across the western world.
A new study finds a slow, steady drop in the number of Americans who claim religious affiliations, attend church regularly, and believe in God. It also finds that these drops are driven by generational differences.
“None of these declines is happening fast, but the signs are now unmistakable, says coauthor David Voas, a social scientist at University College London.
[Does growing up religious cut the urge to share?]
“It has become clear that American religiosity has been declining for decades, and the decline is driven by the same dynamic—generational differences—that has driven religious decline across the developed world.”
Published in the American Journal of Sociology, the study examined US data from the General Social Survey, which is conducted every two years, and compared it with similarly broad data from Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Across the board, people have slowly become less religious over time; the US decline has been so gradual that until recently scientists haven’t had enough data to be sure the trend was real, says coauthor Mark Chaves, professor of sociology, divinity and religion at Duke University.
“The US has long been considered an exception to the modern claim that religion is declining,” Chaves says. “But if you look at the trajectory, and the generational dynamic that is producing the trajectory, we may not be an exception after all.”
Reasons for the decline
The study didn’t draw comparisons between religions or religious denominations but did confirm the slow drip is generational. A few examples:
• 94 percent of Americans born before 1935 claim a religious affiliation. For the generation born after 1975, that number drops to 71 percent.
• 68 percent of Americans 65 and older say they have no doubt God exists. But just 45 percent of young adults, ages 18-30, have the same belief.
• 41 percent of people 70 and older say they attend church services at least once a month, compared to just 18 percent of people 60 and younger.
The data are consistent over a long stretch of time, Chaves says.
“If you break it down over five-year chunks, each age group is a little less religious than the one before it.”
Source: Duke University
The post Is religion in the U.S. doing a vanishing act? appeared first on Futurity.
Source: Futurity
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What Happens When You are Injured by the Negligence of a Government Employee?
Making Sense of the Florida Sovereign Immunity Statute, its Limitations on Recovery, and its Notice Requirements.
The State of Florida employs over 100,000 individuals to perform various government tasks. This number grows considerably when you also count the number of local municipal and county employees and state contractors who work throughout the State. By trade, these individuals range from law enforcement officers to electricians, tax collectors, construction workers, engineers, prison guards, mechanics, bus and truck drivers, and on to almost every imaginable profession. Like their civilian counterparts, unfortunately, sometimes government employees make mistakes that can cause injury to everyday citizens.
These types of injuries can include: car accidents where a government employee or contractor is at fault, slips or trips in a government building or work site, the failure or malfunction of equipment used by a construction crew, injury in a correctional facility, and medical malpractice in a university hospital, among many others. If you have been injured as the result of negligence by a government employee, you may have heard of a concept termed Sovereign Immunity and may think it prevents you from recovering for your injury. This is not necessarily true as Florida allows claims to be made and suits to be brought for these types of injuries, within certain specific parameters.
The Sovereign Immunity Statute in Florida, F.S. §768.28, allows suits to be brought against the State including its various agencies, local municipal governments, and private corporations contracting with and acting on the State’s behalf, among other state wings. In these suits, the amount of recovery can sometimes be harshly limited to $200,000 per claimant and $300,000 per occurrence (for multiple claimants), assuming the government employee was acting within the scope of their employment at the time of their negligence.
In addition to limiting the amount of potential recovery, paragraph (6)(a) of the statute in question, creates a notice and waiting period requirement before suit can even be filed against the appropriate agency. This paragraph forbids bringing an action in court against the State before a written claim is made to the appropriate agency (and sometimes the Department of Financial Services), which must contain very specific information, and the agency has a chance to respond to the written claim. The purpose of this notice requirement is to provide the State with certain information and to give the State an opportunity to investigate and presumably resolve meritorious claims before a lawsuit is ever brought. Further, paragraph (6)(d) gives the State a full 6 months to respond to most types of claims and can be thought of as a pre-suit waiting period. Claims alleging wrongful death or medical malpractice require a response from the state within 90 days. Navigating the notice, claim, and waiting periods required by the Statute can be tricky, especially because other statutes come into play depending on the type of claim and government entity involved.
Further, making sure the appropriate written notice and claim is sent to the correct State agency and related departments is an important step that must be made within strict time limits to preserve your rights when contemplating a suit against the State – (this includes its various agencies, local municipal government bodies, and private contractors, too!). The appropriate time limit could be 3 years, 2 years, or even 1 year depending on the type of claim involved and other specifics to your case. This is one reason why it’s vitally important to consult with a knowledgeable attorney with experience litigating claims against the State when contemplating bringing a claim yourself. The attorneys at Michles & Booth have that experience and can provide a free consultation to discuss the specifics of your case today. Don’t delay as the time limit for your claim might be running out.
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<p class="RegularParagraphs"><b> §27-21.1 REPEALED.</b> L 1989, c 327, §4.</p>
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Causes of Shoulder Pain [Ways of Managing It]
The shoulder, which is known as a ball-and-socket joint, is a highly complicated joint system that’s made up from bones such as the humerus, collarbone, and scapula.
The pain in this joint can stem from several reasons such as frozen shoulder, pinched nerves, dislocation, joint instability, strain, and tendonitis, etc. Besides, conditions like arthritis can also have a severe impact on your shoulder.
In short, injuries are one of the biggest reasons for shoulder pain, which can occur due to repetitive movement, playing outdoor games, and while carrying out intense physical activities.
And since it’s such a complicated joint system that is accountable for a wide range of functions, it’s quite natural that injuries to it can prevent you from performing your favorite activities.
In other words, when you face any problem with your shoulder, it not only causes pain and discomfort but it also affects the functioning of your upper body parts like arms, hands, and neck, etc.
If you injure your shoulder, it becomes difficult for you to move your arm up and down, which means if you need to pick something up from the floor, you won’t be able to do that.
According to CT Physical Therapy Care, “Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal condition that up to 67 percent of people will experience at some time during their life. Just everyday pushing, reaching and pulling can take a toll on the shoulder.
Here’s How to Treat Shoulder Pain
You can heal your shoulder pain in a variety of ways such as by taking painkillers, anti-inflammatory medicines, and surgeries; however, if you are looking forward to seeking a drug-free treatment, then physical therapy is the best option for you. The best part of taking the help of a physical therapist is that they work one-on-one with you.
They Will Identify The Affected Shoulder Structure
If you meet a therapist for subsiding your pain, they will try to identify the structure of the shoulder that’s causing the problem. Once your therapist gets to know what’s leading to pain in your shoulder, they will design a personalized treatment plan for ensuring a quick recovery.
However, for identifying the actual cause of the pain, they will examine the ability of your shoulder to make movements and will also check your medical history. Besides, they will also discuss the symptoms of your pain in details.
They Will Include Specific Treatments In Your Care Plan
Based on the primary cause of your problem, your therapist will incorporate specific treatment techniques into your treatment plan to restore your mobility and mitigate pain. Physical therapists may use methods like joint mobilization and stretching exercises to heal your pain and improve function.
Besides, they may also use techniques like heat, ice, and ultrasound, etc., to minimize the inflammation and to accelerate the healing process.
Your Therapist Will Also Educate You
The best part of consulting a competent physical therapist is that they also educate you on how to how to minimize the risk of similar conditions in the future. They try to give their advice on how you can prevent musculoskeletal pain in any part of your body in the future.
For example, they try to enhance your awareness of how poor posture can lead to conditions like shoulder, back, and neck pain, etc. They might advise you on workplace ergonomics, in case your job demands prolonged sitting.
They might teach you correct sitting, walking, and sleeping techniques to avoid shoulder pain in the future. For example, if you maintain a slouching position while sitting in your office, your therapist may guide you on how to sit correctly.
Those who maintain a slouching position should change this habit as soon as possible; otherwise, they will end up spoiling the actual structure of their spine, which can lead to serious health problems. So, make sure that you sit up straight while keeping your feet flat on the floor. Your knees should always make a 90-degree angle, and your back should remain straight.
Since it is vital for you to enjoy at least 7-to-8 hours of sleep each day; therefore, maintaining a good posture is utterly crucial. The first and foremost step toward achieving a good night’s sleep is to have the perfect mattress. You should avoid sleeping on your front because that can put pressure on your shoulder, which can lead to more pain and discomfort.
If you have the habit of sleeping on the side, make sure you avoid the shoulder with pain. If you sleep on your back, make sure you use a comfortable pillow to support your head.
Apart from consulting a physical therapist, you can also bring a world of difference in your condition by making changes to your lifestyle. For example, you can use a healthy and balanced diet as a weapon to fight shoulder ache.
In case you are experiencing shoulder ache due to arthritis, then foods rich in antioxidants such as papayas, pineapple, oranges, grapefruit, strawberries, raspberries, and bell peppers, etc., are helpful for the development of cartilage.
In general, you should consume foods that are a rich source of vitamin C, vitamin D, and calcium to protect your joints and to keep them healthy.
Comments are closed.
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dclm_baseline
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URL: http://code.google.com/p/mp4parser/source/checkout
Version: 1.0-RC-16
License: Apache 2
Description: "Provides a Java API for parsing MP4 files"
Local Modifications:
Only taking the isoparser/src/main/ part, remove others.
Remove the RequiresParseDetailAspect.java file since we don't have the aspectJ yet.
Originally written by Sebastian Annies, this isoparser API can read and write
the MP4 file structure. It is a low level tool dealing with the so called boxes
but it is as well as dealing with structure like tracks and movies.
This code is built as a static library.
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mini_pile
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Winning at Working: Time-Out
Winning at Working: Time-Out
When young children misbehave, parents, teachers, and caregivers frequently insist on a time-out. Think how much better your workplace would be if you initiated the same approach. No, it’s not for your boss or coworkers, it’s for you.
It’s hard to be amenable to reason or hear a contrary point of view when we’re stubbornly clinging to our position. It’s hard to hear a new idea when the change that’s being suggested will negatively impact us. And it’s hard to offer constructive input when we’re approaching the edge of unreasonableness, backed into a corner or seething with frustration.
When you feel like you’re teetering on the edge or spinning toward unproductive emotions, initiate a time-out. You don’t have to call it that, but take a walk around the building, shut your office door, get a cup of coffee, or suggest the group get back together later to continue the discussion.
People who are winning at working use this approach regularly. They self-monitor to determine when they need to step back. They recognize that do-loop debating, trench-dug positions, and hot tempers are not conducive to enhanced decision making, creativity, trust building, or positive work relationships. Not to mention, people stop listening.
They know the adult equivalent of a temper-tantrum is not quickly forgotten in the workplace, and unprofessional antics can derail a career. But people who are winning at working know something else about time-outs. They know their power. Most of us engage in mental combat when hearing a new idea, a bold suggestion. or an unwelcomed coaching comment. We react on the autopilot of resistance, clinging strongly to what we know and pushing away what we don’t.
But there’s a secret to handling all these emotions in front of your boss, staff, or colleagues. Don’t. Instead, take a time-out. When people have time to consider an idea, absorb a thought, or come around to input, they usually do. On average, it takes 72 hours to go from resisting to considering.
That’s what people who are winning at working know. So, they initiate a time-out to consider what’s being presented when they find themselves resisting, knowing it’s better to say: “Let me think about that,” than become defensive or argumentative.
Their self-imposed time-outs are used to absorb the boss’s seed of an idea, a peer’s suggestion, or a staff member’s feedback. And while they may reject the idea or input, the rejection happens from consideration, not reaction. Yet more often than not, they find that they come around to a different perspective. Sometimes you just need time.
So when you catch yourself resisting, digging in, or losing perspective at work, do what people who are winning at working do take a time-out, and we’ll all be happier.
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news The Opposition has described Malcolm Turnbull’s support for the decision by NBN chair Ziggy Switkowski to ignore the Caretaker Conventions as displaying “breathtaking arrogance”, and having opened the door for public officials to display politically partisan behaviour during elections in future.
This week it was revealed that Switkowski had willfully and deliberately breached the Caretaker Conventions which ensure the political independence of the public service and government companies such as the NBN company during an election campaign.
A letter from Martin Parkinson (PDF), the Secretary of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, to Shadow Finance Minister Tony Burke, confirmed Switkowski had breached the Caretaker Conventions several weeks ago with an article defending the NBN company’s actions in targeting whistleblowers, following Australian Federal Police raids on Labor premises designed to track down the whistleblowers.
Parkinson’s letter revealed Switkowski had been “strongly” advised the article would breach the Caretaker Conventions, but ignored the advice and went ahead anyway.
Speaking at a doorstop event yesterday, Turnbull praised Switkowski and his actions, stating that the NBN chair was doing a “remarkable job” and had driven a “phenomenal turnaround” at the NBN project, noting that he respected the decision to ignore the Caretaker Conventions.
In response, Shadow Finance Minister Tony Burke late yesterday said Turnbull had given Switkowski permission to “ignore decades of precedent” with respect to the Conventions.
“Mr Turnbull today failed to condemn Dr Switkowski for ignoring caretaker conventions, effectively saying the rules don’t matter,” said Burke. “The arrogance is breathtaking.”
“The head of the Prime Minister’s own department, Dr Martin Parkinson, made clear in a letter to me this week that Dr Switkowski knowingly ignored the caretaker conventions. Mr Turnbull today not only refused to condemn this action, but supported Dr Switkowski’s decision to ignore advice from the Prime Minister’s own department.”
“The Prime Minister has effectively given permission under this Liberal Government for agency heads to ignore caretaker conventions in the future.”
Burke said there was good reason why what he said was Turnbull’s “mismanagement of the NBN” was a live issue during the election campaign.
“The voices that should be heard are those of businesses and households that have put up with long delays and second rate internet due to Malcolm Turnbull’s mismanagement of the NBN – not a highly remunerated Chairman appointed by Mr Turnbull who Mr Turnbull thinks is above the rules,” said Burke.
“Through his comments Dr Switkowski ignored the caretaker conventions with his eyes wide open. There are countries in the world where public officials intervene in elections, Australia should not become one of them.”
opinion/analysis
I have already stated my opinion that Turnbull must ask Switkowski to stand down from his role as NBN chair, at least during the election campaign period.
It is simply not acceptable for public officials such as Switkowski to intervene in a politically partisan way in election campaigns.
Image credit: Office of Malcolm Turnbull
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{'original_id': '384f0f3a29f41b333377bf535cda6dabf1f170e772fe2c4df88353affe7e94cf'}
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Looking to get started quickly with TimeHero, and have a list of tasks you're looking to import? Here's how:
First open our template via Google Sheets:
Note that the header (Row 1) names must match this template.
You can either open the CSV file in Google Sheets, or download it and open with with Microsoft Excel or other spreadsheet software.
Formatting Your Tasks
Is the name of the task you want to complete (eg. Write Report).
Duration (Optional)
The time it will take to complete.
TimeHero will detect durations formatted as:
• HH:MM:SS e.g. 01:30:00, note that seconds should always be 00.
• 1h 20m
• 90m
• 2.5h
If no duration is provided for a row, that task will default to 15 minutes.
Start (optional) and Due (optional)
Start is the earliest date TimeHero can schedule the task. Due is the due date – TimeHero will attempt to ensure the task is completed by this date.
TimeHero will detect dates formatted as:
• mm/dd/yyyy, e.g. 09/15/2018
• September 15, 2018
• Most other common date formats
If no start date is provided, the task will schedule any time from today onwards.
If no due date is provided, the task will schedule at any time. Add a due date to help TimeHero prioritize which tasks to schedule!
Assignee (optional):
The username of the individual who is responsible for completing the task, (@name, e.g. @steve).
TimeHero will attempt to match this with members of your team.
If no assignee is provided, the task will be assigned to you.
Upload your CSV to TimeHero
There are two ways to import your tasks into TimeHero: adding tasks to an existing project or creating a new project from a CSV.
Before uploading, make sure you export your spreadsheet to CSV format. In Google Sheets this is via File > Download as > Comma-separated values (.csv, current sheet).
Add tasks to an existing project
Head to Projects in TimeHero, and find the project you want to add tasks to.
Tip: You can quickly search for projects by pressing CMD + K (Ctrl + K on Windows).
Find the project you wish to add the task to and click on the project to open it. Once the project is open, click on the NEW button located in the top righthand corner of the screen and click on 'Bulk add tasks' or alternatively you can hold Shift and press T.
Once you do that you will be brought to an Add/import tasks window and from there click UPLOAD CSV or drag and drop onto this window.
TimeHero will automatically parse your tasks and bring them into the Bulk add window.
Then click ADD
Now your CSV tasks will be uploaded into TimeHero under the selected project.
Create a new project from a CSV
To create a new project from a CSV, first open the new project dialog by clicking the NEW button, then choosing Project, or alternatively by pressing P on your keyboard.
From there, go to the ADD/IMPORT TASKS tab, then upload your CSV.
Name your project, click CREATE, and a new project will be created from your CSV!
Let us know if you have any questions or need more assistance by clicking the chat icon in the bottom right corner.
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dclm_baseline
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A new system of MPs' expenses has been published that will come into force after the general election. So, how does it differ from the old, much criticised, system? The old rule The new rule SECOND HOMES All MPs, except those with seats in inner London, could claim £24,000 a year towards buying, furnishing and renovating a second home. They could claim for mortgage interest, furniture, cleaning, gardening and utility bills and keep profits on sales. Interim rules agreed in April 2009 reduced this to £1,250 a month for mortgage, rent, hotel costs and bills only. MPs will only be allowed to claim up to £1,450 a month - the equivalent of a one-bedroom flat - to rent a "second home". MPs with constituencies within 20 miles or 60 minutes of Westminster will not be allowed to claim at all. Claims for gardening and cleaning will not be allowed. Those who already own taxpayer-funded homes can keep claiming until August 2012. LONDON COSTS MPs with seats in London could claim £7,500 instead of the larger second homes allowance - it had been just £2,916 but went up in April. Sir Ian accepted a proposal this should be reduced to the level recommended by the Senior Salaries Review Body - £3,760. PROFITS MPs were previously allowed to keep any profits on homes and did not have to pay capital gains tax, some made profits of tens of thousands of pounds. The practice was criticised during the expenses scandal. MPs who keep their seats and already own taxpayer-funded homes can continue to claim until August 2012 but Sir Ian said profits made would be "recouped". Exact details of how he will do this have not be outlined. GRACE AND FAVOUR HOMES Ministers who had the use of 'grace and favour homes' had been allowed to claim costs for a second home as well. Anyone with grace and favour homes will not be able to claim any accommodation expenses. EMPLOYING FAMILY MPs were allowed to recruit their own staff and employ spouses, children and other relatives - paid for by the taxpayer. About 250 chose to do so and some employed more than one relative. Sir Ian rejected a proposal to ban the practice entirely. Instead MPs will be able to employ a maximum of one blood relative, spouse, co-habitee or financial partner but with strict terms and no bonuses allowed. CO-HABITING MPS MPs who shared the same second home could both claim the maximum allowance - about £24,000 each. Interim rules brought in after the expenses scandal reduced this to one allowance between them. Under new rules MPs sharing rental accommodation must declare it and between them claim a maximum of one and a third of an MP's accommodation budget. TRAVEL MPs were allowed to claim for all travel costs for parliamentary duties between their home, constituency and office, could claim to travel first class. They could also claim for their families to travel first class. MPs to pay for their own daily commute, can claim for trips between London and constituencies and up to three return trips to EU institutions. They can claim for first-class rail travel only if it is cheaper than the price of an open standard ticket. GOLDEN GOODBYES MPs who lost their seat or retired, were entitled to a "resettlement grant" of between 50% and 100% of their salary - depending on age and how long they'd been an MP. For some it would be £64,000 - the first £30,000 of which was tax-free. No resettlement grants will be paid out under the new expenses scheme, although if the expenses body gets control of MPs' salaries it will look at the matter again. COMMUNICATIONS A fairly new allowance, MPs were able to claim £10,400 a year to "boost public understanding of Parliament". It could not be spent on party political material and some MPs had to pay it back after having been found to have broken that rule. The separate budget will be scrapped but the cost of running a website, advertising constituency meetings and producing contact cards will be recognised a general admin budget of £10,394 a year, which also covers office equipment and services RECEIPTS Until recently, MPs did not have to supply receipts for anything costing less than £250, that was reduced to £25 in April 2008 but were still able to claim £25 a night for food without receipts. Receipts to be required for all claims - MPs will be allowed up to £15 for an evening meal, when the Commons sits past 7.30pm, but only if they provide a receipt.
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '69e3ecf8b490bbe3727ddaf13faacb0be31f0acc421460973121294504a963e3'}
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Mallet Toe
Not many people know about mallet toe. Actually, it is a toe contracture inquisitive form which is also less famous compared to hammertoe. It is technically when toe end part bends downward knuckle which is nearest the nail or the joint. Such distortion is formed due to several reasons and most of the reasons can relate a lot with a person’s foot structure. Another reason is the imbalance which relates among the muscle actions which bend the toe, both upward and downward. The myth says that it is due to too tight shoes. Yet, no matter what the cause is, the result is that one’s tip is bent. This is dissimilar with the major knuckle just like in one’s hammertoe.
Yet, this kind of toe disturbance does not result the same pain in shoes, just like what hammertoe causes. This is because since the toe is not high up against the shoe top. However, it will cause another problem. Mallet toes are forced downwards due to walking activities. When there is a pressure on the toe tip, it can deliver better toe padded bottom. Usually, there will be a callus on the toe tip because of the skin pressure against the shoe. When the skin thickens, it turns out to be painful.
For people who have some problems in diabetics, low blood circulation and so forth, the callus will regularly secrete a skin injury beneath that may be infected and fast progress to the external bone bottom. Mallet toe treatment needs padding under the toe. This is to reduce the direct pressure on the toe tip. Worse problem can lead to surgery as the doctor should straighten the toe. It only takes a simple procedure to generate the straightening progress and it involves the release of the tight tendon that lies under the toe. This simple procedure can heal only with some stitches. When there are more complicated cases, there will be surgery for reducing joint bone for returning the toe into a straightened position. So, there should be no worry when one of our toes experienced such contracture. Almost all podiatrists can deal with this and it is tolerated by all means.
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dclm_baseline
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|
La Commission entendrait cantonner son appréciation
de la nocivité au seul critère du degré d'alcool, tempéré par
la teneur en sucre et en huiles essentielles ; or, cette notion
de nocivité devrait s'apprécier en fonction du contexte national
et de façon plus large que ne le fait la Commission.
Le degré d'alcool pur contenu dans une boisson serait,
certes, un critère important pour en apprécier la nocivité.
Toutefois, dans le contexte d'une société donnée, il ne serait
pas possible de s'en tenir purement et simplement à la teneur
en alcool pour apprécier la nocivité d'un produit ; il faudrait
encore tenir compte de l'ensemble des modalités de la consommation,
que contribuerait à produire l'effet de la boisson sur l'organisme.
Sans parler des coutumes régionales ou sociales de
consommation, le goût, à lui seul, pourrait être un élément
déterminant du volume et des modalités de consommation d'une
Rapport 152/78 - ]9
-
20
-
boisson alcoolique. Ot, ce goût résulterait des composés
volatils non alcool qui, combinés entre eux, dégageraient
la "flaveur" du distillât, c'est-à-dire les qualités organoleptiques
dans lesquelles se conjuguent saveur, arôme et odeur du
liquide consommé. La composition chimique des produits serait
différente et ces qualités entraîneraient des comportements
de consommation différents ; il apparaîtrait donc pour le
moins contestable d'assimiler le cognac à du whisky, sous prétexte
qu'ils titrent tous deux un même degré d'alcool.
Ces "éléments non-alcools" expliqueraient la solubilité
variable des différentes boissons dans l'eau, ainsi que leurs
modalités de consommation.
L'ensemble de ces facteurs se conjugueraient pour
déterminer chez le consommateur un comportement particulier à
chaque boisson ; il ne serait pas possible de les ignorer.
Les modalités de consommation auraient pour premier
effet de déterminer la période, dans le temps, d'ingestion
des boissons considérées ; les experts scientifiques seraient
unanimes pour reconnaître que l'heure et les circonstances de
l'ingestion des substances alcooliques sont déterminantes quant
aux effets de l'alcool sur l'organisme. Ainsi, il serait
scientifiquement établi que les alcools consommés à jeun sont
particulièrement nocifs, spécialement lorsqu'il s'agit d'alcools
forts non dilués, tels que le whisky et l'alcool de grain sur
glace. Ceci justifierait la sévérité du législateur français
pour les boissons dites "apéritives", donc consommées à jeun,
par rapport aux boissons "digestives", consommées à la fin du
Rapport 152/78 - 20
21
-
repas et dont la teneur en éléments non-alcools rendrait
physiquement impossible l’ingestion en grandes quantités.
Cette séparation entre boissons apéritives et boissons
digestives correspondrait à la consommation d ’alcools en France ;
par opposition aux alcools et liqueurs digestives, l ’essentiel
de la consommation tendrait à se concentrer sur les boissons
apéritives, parmi lesquelles il conviendrait de distinguer les
apéritifs sucrés, obtenus a base de vins cuits ou naturellement
doux (taux de sucre compris entre 35 et 45), et ceux à base
d ’alcool, consommés secs ou à l’eau (taux de sucre compris
entre 0 et 5 ; haut titrage : 25 à 45°). Cette constatation
justifierait que la législation française, d ’une part,
réglemente la publicité des apéritifs à base de vin (troisième
groupe), d'autre part, interdit la publicité des apéritifs à
base d'alcools du cinquième groupe (anisés, whiskies et grains).
c) Ainsi présentée, la législation française constituerait
bien un ensemble cohérent. Répondant à des habitudes de
consommation différentes, les boissons du troisième et du
quatrième groupes auraient, du point de vue de la santé
publique, des effets différents et seraient donc logiquement
classées dans des catégories différentes.
d) S'agissant des cas particuliers du rhum et du cognac,
les affirmations de la Commission contiendraient de graves
erreurs de fait. Il serait statistiquement établi que le rhum
se consomme dans une très large mesure sous forme culinaire et
que sa consommation pure, à jeun, est modeste. De même, plus de
90 % du cognac et de l’armagnac ne seraient pas pris à jeun.
Rapport 152/78 -
21
-
22
-
mais utilisés à des fins digestives ou culinaires ; malgré
la campagne publicitaire à laquelle se réfère la Commission,
la consommation de cognac en apéritif serait restée insignifiante.
Par opposition, les alcools de tubercules ou de grains, qui
ont également un degré alcoolique élevé, seraient le plus
souvent bus à jeun ou en début de repas. C'est pour cette
raison que ces alcools, français ou étrangers, sont classés
dans la même catégorie (5e groupe) que les apéritifs anisés.
e) Ainsi, la législation française relative à la publicité
des alcools n ’aurait pas un effet discriminatoire arbitraire
à l’égard des produits étrangers. Il serait d'ailleurs frappant
de constater que cette législation, au cours des années
récentes, n'a exercé, comme le démontrerait l'étude des
statistiques de la consommation des alcools en France, aucun
effet restrictif sur les courants d'échanges. En particulier,
les statistiques feraient ressortir la stagnation des alcools
qui, selon la Commission, seraient favorisés par la législation
française, alors que les produits du 5e groupe seraient,
au contraire, en pleine expansion. Il ne serait pas possible
de ne pas tenir compte de ces éléments concrets pour porter
une appréciation objective sur le point de savoir si la
législation française est susceptible ou non d'affecter les
courants d'échanges.
f) Au plan des faits, il conviendrait de retenir, notamment,
que s'il est exact que 90 % des boissons alcooliques consommées
en France bénéficient du régime de libre publicité, ce chiffre
ne ferait que traduire la part prépondérante des vins, dont
Rapport 152/78 -
22
-23
la France est un des premiers pays producteurs au monde ;
d*autre part, la grande majorité des 8 % de produits
interdits de publicité serait composée de produits français
(anisés) ou fabriqués en France. Il ne serait donc pas
possible de tirer de ces statistiques les conclusions avancées
par la Commission.
Par ailleurs, la création de la cinquième catégorie,
comportant une interdiction de publicité, ne serait nullement
dus à l'intention de combattre la présence d ’anéthol
ou d'un
autre constituant.
Enfin, la présence d'un important contentieux prouverait
la vigilance des autorités françaises à l'encontre des procédés
de "publicité indirecte".
Le juge rapporteur
P. Pescatore
Rapport 152/78 -
23
6
COUR DE JUSTICE
DES
COMMUNAUTÉS EUROPÉENNES
DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABERS
D O M S T O L
GERICHTSHOF
DER
EUROPÄISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN
CORTE Dl GIUSTIZIA
DELLE
COMUNITÀ EUROPEE
COURT OF JUSTICE
OF THE
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
HOF VAN JUSTITIE
VAN DE
EUROPESE GEMEENSCHAPPEN
SITZUNGSPROTOKOLL
Zum Zwecke der Anhörung der Schlussanträge des Generalanwalts in der
Rechtssache 807/79 betreffend das dem Gerichtshof vom Sozialgericht
Augsburg in dem vor diesem Gericht anhängigen Rechtsstreit
Giacomo GRAVINA und andere
g e g e n
LANDESVERSICHERUNGSANSTALT SCHWABEN
vorgelegte Ersuchen um Vorabentscheidung ist der Gerichtshof der Euro
päischen Gemeinschaften, unter dem Vorsitz des Herrn Präsidenten
H. KUTSCHER und unter Teilnahme der Herren A. O'KEEFFE und A. TOUFFAIT
(Berichterstatter), Kammerpräsidenten,
J. MERTENS DE WILMARS, P. PESCATORE,
MACKENZIE STUART, G. BOSCO,
T. KOOPMANS und 0. DUE, Richter,
Generalanwalt: J.-P. WARNER,
Für den Kanzler: J.A. POMPE, Hilfskanzler,
am Dienstag, den 10. Juni 1980, um 9.37 Uhr im Sitzungssaal des Gerichts
hofes in Luxemburg zu einer öffentlichen Sitzung zusammengetreten.
Die Parteien waren nicht vertreten.
Der Präsident eröffnet die Sitzung und erteilt dem Generalanwalt das Wort.
Der Generalanwalt, Herr J.-P. WARNER, liest seine Schlussanträge vor.
10.05 Uhr : Der Präsident erklärt die mündliche Verhandlung für
geschlossen und hebt die Sitzung auf.
Der Präsident
[i
Für den. Kanzler
H. KUTSCHER
J.A. POMPE'
Hilfskanzler
PALAIS DE LA COUR DE JUSTICE, KIRCHBERO, LUXEMBOURG
- TELEPHONE 4S03-1 - ADR. TELEGR. : CURIA - TELEX; 2510 CURIA LU
BOrTE PO STALE: LUXEMBOURG NO 1406
Uebersetzung
S C H L U S S A N T R A E G E
des Generalanwalts
J .-P. WARNER
in der Rechtssache 807/79
GRAVINA U . a.
gegen
LANDESVERSICHERUNGSANSTALT SCHWABEN
(Ersuchen um Vorabentscheidung, vorgelegt
vom Sozialgericht Augsburg)
vorgetragen in der Sitzung vom
10. Juni 1980
-
2
Die Rechtssache wirft Fragen zur Auslegung und zum Anwendungs
bereich des Artikels 78 der Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 1408/71 des Rates
auf.
Absatz 1 dieses Artikels definiert die Leistungen, für die er
Diese umfassen Waisenrenten der hier in Frage stehenden Art,
Absatz 2 sieht in der durch die Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 2864/72 des
Rates geänderten Fassung vor:
"Die Leistungen für Waisen werden ohne Rücksicht darauf, in
welchem Mitgliedstaat die Waisen oder die natürliche oder
juristische Person, die ihren Unterhalt bestreitet, wie folgt
gewährt :
a) Für Waisen eines verstorbenen Arbeitnehmers, für den die
Rechtsvorschriften eines einzigen Mitgliedstaats gegolten
haben, gemäss den Rechtsvorschriften dieses Staates;
b) für Waisen eines verstorbenen Arbeitnehmers, für den die
Rechtsvorschriften mehrerer Mitgliedstaaten gegolten haben:
i) nach den Rechtsvorschriften des Staates, in dessen Gebiel
die Waisen wohnen, wenn Anspruch auf eine der in Absatz
1 genannten Leistungen - gegebenenfalls unter Berück
sichtigung von Artikel 79 Absatz 1 Buchstabe a - nach
den Rechtsvorschriften dieses Staates besteht, oder
Schlussanträge 807/79
3 -
in den anderen Fällen nach den Rechtsvorschriften des
Staates, die für den verstorbenen Arbeitnehmer die
längste Zeit gegolten haben, wenn Anspruch auf eine der
in Absatz 1 genannten Leistungen nach den Rechtsvor
schriften dieses Staates gegebenenfalls unter Berück
sichtigung von Artikel 79 Absatz 1 Buchstabe a besteht;
wenn nach diesen Rechtsvorschriften kein Anspruch besteht,
werden die Anspruchsvoraussetzungen in bezug auf die
Rechtsvorschriften der anderen in Betracht kommenden
Mitgliedstaaten in der Reihenfolge der abnehmenden
Dauer der nach den Rechtsvorschriften dieser Staaten
zurückgelegten Versicherungs- oder Wohnzelten geprüft."
Absatz 2 endet mit einem Satz, der dann gilt, wenn der verstorbene
Arbeitnehmer im Zeitpunkt seines Todes selbst rentenberechtigt war.
Dieser Satz ist auf den Sachverhalt des vorliegenden Falles nicht
anwendbar; die Kläger haben sich jedoch bei ihrer Argumentation
auf ihn gestützt.
Soweit er hier einschlägig ist, sieht Artikel 79 Absatz 1, kurz
gesagt, vor, dass Leistungen nach Artikel 78 gemäss den nach diesem
Artikel bestimmten Rechtsvorschriften von dem Träger, der diese
Rechtsvorschriften anzuwenden hat, zu seinen Lasten zu gewähren sind,
und dass dann, wenn nach diesen Rechtsvorschriften der Erwerb des
Leistungsanspruchs oder die Höhe der Leistungen von der Dauer der
Versicherungszeiten abhängt, die von dem betroffenen Arbeitnehmer
in allen Mitgliedstaaten zurückgelegten Zeiten zusammenzurechnen sind.
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 4 -
Aptikøl 79 Aiosätz 3 ist nicht unmittGlÌDQ.r' ©inschlägigj sein
Inhalt ist jedoch für einige der Argumente, die uns vorgetragen
wurden, von Bedeutung. Er bestimmt,
dass der Anspruch auf
Leistungen nach Artikel 78 ausgesetzt wird, "wenn für die Kinder
Anspruch auf Leistungen oder Familienbeihilfen nach den Rechts
vorschriften eines Mitgliedstaats wegen Ausübung einer Erwerbs—
tätigkeit besteht".
Artikel 92 der Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 574/72
des Rates über die
Durchführung der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 sieht, soweit er hier ein
schlägig ist, vor:
"Jede Person, der nach ... Artikel 78 der Verordnung Leistungen
gezahlt werden, hat dem zur Zahlung dieser Leistungen ver
pflichteten Träger folgendes mitzuteilen:
- jede Aenderung in den Verhältnissen der ... Waisen, die den
Anspruch auf Leistungen ändern kann;
- jede Aenderung der Zahl der ... Waisen, für die Leistungen
geschuldet werden;
- jeden
Wohnortwechsel der ... Wai sen ;
- jede Erwerbstätigkeit, aufgrund deren ein Anspruch auf
Familienleistungen oder -Zulagen für diese ... Waisen besteht.."
Der Sachverhalt
in der vorliegenden Rechtssache isc folgender:
Der verstorbene Herr Gravina arbeitete zwischen Oktober 1951
und Januar 1961 in Italien. Dabei legte er 180 Beitragswochen im
italienischen Rentenversicherungssystem zurück, die 42 Monaten ent-
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 5 -
entsprechen. Von Oktober 1961 bis zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes,
dem 6. Juli 1973, arbeitete er in der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland und
legte dabei 141 Beitragsmonate im deutschen Rentenversicherungssystem
zurück. Am 22. März 1974 gewährte die Landesversicherungsanstalt
Baden ("LVA Baden") seiner Witwe und den Klägern Hinterbliebenen
renten. Auch wenn es in dem Vorlagebeschluss nicht erwähnt ist,
so ist
doch zwischen den Parteien unstreitig, dass diese
Renten allein auf der Grundlage der von Herrn Gravina in
Deutschland zurUckgelegten Versicherungszeiten berechnet wurden,
da der LVA Baden seine Versicherungszeiten in Italien nicht mit
geteilt worden waren. Die LVA Schwaben hat eingeräumt, dass die
italienischen Zeiten (nach Artikel 79 Absatz 1 der Verordnung
Nr. 1408/71) hätten berücksichtigt werden sollen und dass die Renten
höher gewesen wären, wenn dies geschehen wäre.
Im Mai 1974 kehrte die Witwe mit den Klägern nach Italien zu
rück, um dort zu lebeh. Die LVA Baden stellte daraufhin die Zahlung
der Renten mit Wirkung von Ende Juni 1974 ein und gab die Akten an
die LVA Schwaben als der zuständigen Verbindungsstelle ab. Die
LVA Schwaben zahlte die Witwenrente weiter, lehnte aber die
Zahlung der Waisenrenten an die Kläger mit der Begründung ab, diese
hätten
- da Herr Gravina sowohl in Italien als auch in Deutsch
land Versicherungszeiten zurückgelegt habe und die Kläger jetzt in
Italien wohnten - nach Artikel 78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b
Ziffer i
der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 Anspruch auf die Gewährung von Waisenrenten
durch den zuständigen italienischen Träger
einen deutschen Träger.
Schlussanträge 807/79
und nicht durch irgend
-
6
-
Anscheinend bestehen seit einigen Jahren zwischen den deutschen
Stellen und den italienischen Stellen Meinungsverschiedenheiten
im Hinblick auf die richtige Auslegung des Artikels 78 unter
Umständen wie denen des vorliegenden Falles • Die deutschen
Stellen vertreten die Auffassung, dass dann, wenn sich das Wohnsitzland
einer Waise, ändert, deren Ansprüche neu festgestellt werden müssen
und dass sich daraus ein Wechsel des zur Zahlung der Leistungen
verpflichteten Trägers ergeben kann. Die italienischen
Stellen
sind dagegen der Meinung, dass dann, wenn der für die
Zahlung der Leistungen an eine Waise zuständige Träger nach dem
Tod ihres Elternteils einmal nach den
in Artikel 78 festgelegten
Regeln bestimmt ist, dieser Träger ungeachtet eines späteren Wohn
sitzwechsels der Waise zuständig bleibt. Nach dem, was wir von seiteTi
der Kläger gehört haben, hat diese Meinungsverschiedenheit im Er
gebnis offenbar dazu geführt, dass diese mehr als
vier Jahre lang
überhaupt keine Leistungen erhalten haben. Im November 1978 gab
der zuständige italienische Träger, das INPS, nach und bewill.igte
ihnen unter Vorbehalt, das heisst bis zur endgültigen Entscheidung
der Frage, welcher Träger für die Zahlung von Leistungen an sie zu
ständig ist, Renten mit Wirkung vom August 1973 (der auf den Tod ihres
Vaters folgende Monat).
Herr Gravina war in Italien nicht lange genug versichert
gewesen, als dass seine Kinder dort einen Anspruch auf Waisenrenten
allein nach den einschlägigen italienischen Rechtsvorschriften
erworben hätten. Ihre (vorläufigen) Renten wurden ihnen vom
INPS nach Artikel 79 Absatz I der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 bewilligt.
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 7 -
Ihre Lage ist in Deutschland eine andere. Herr Gravina hat hier
während des für den Erwerb der Rentenberechtigung erforderlichen
Zeitraums von 60 Monaten gearbeitet. Darüber hinaus - so stellt
das Sozialgericht im Vorlagebeschluss unter Berufung auf § 1315
Absatz 2 der Reichsversicherungsordnung fest - entzieht das
deutsche Recht in diesem Fall den Klägern wegen
ihres Umzugs nach Italien nicht die Ansprüche auf ihre deutschen
Renten. Dies hat uns der Vertreter der LVA Schwaben in der
mündlichen Verhandlung bestätigt. Ich nehme an, dass
dies so ist,
weil der Umzug nach Italien auf der Entscheidung ihrer Mutter
und nicht
auf ihrer eigenen Entscheidung beruhte. Der Vertreter der LVA Schwaben
hat ausserdem vorgetragen, dass nach deutschem Recht jeder der
Kläger seinen Rentenanspruch verlieren werde, wenn er das Voll
jährigkeitsalter erreiche, und dass bei einigen von ihnen dies
bereits der Fall sei. Ich sehe keinen Grund,
an der Richtigkeit
dieses Vorbringens zu zweifeln.
Letzten Endes scheint es, dass - jedenfalls
Kläger
so lange, wie die
in Deutschland wohnen blieben - die Rente, auf die jeder
von ihnen als Minderjähriger Anspruch hatte, in zwei Teile zerfiel,
nämlich in einen Teil, den er allein nach deutschem Recht
trotz des Umzugs nach Italien weiter beanspruchen konnte, und
in
einen zusätzlichen Teil, auf den er nach Gemeinschaftsrecht infolge
der Anrechnung
der Versicherungszeiten seines Vaters in Italien
Anspruch hatte.
Schlussanträge 807/79
-
8
-
Die Renten, auf die die Kläger in Deutschland Anspruch hatten,
waren höher als diejenigen, die ihnen (vorläufig) vom INPS
gewährt werden. Es ist vorgetragen worden, dies sei so, weil die
italienischen Renten unter Bezugnahme auf den Verdienst berechnet
worden seien, den Herr Gravina während seiner letzten Tätigkeit als
Arbeitnehmer in Italien erzielt habe, und dass eine italienische
Rente in anderen Fällen günstiger sein könne. Einige von Ihnen
haben den Vertretern der Beteiligten
der mündlichen Verhandlung
Fragen gestellt, die darauf gerichtet waren, die jeweiligen
Beträge der deutschen und der italienischen Renten festzustellen,
auf die die Kläger möglicherweise Anspruch haben. Die Antworten
schienen
mir nicht überzeugend, -^us ihnen ging nur hervor,
wieviel durch die LVA Baden gezahlt worden war (das heisst,auf
wieviel die
Kläger allein nach deutschem Recht Anspruch hatten)
und wieviel insgesamt
vom
inps
an
die Witwe für diese selbst
und für ihre Kinder gezahlt worden war. Ich glaube jedoch nicht,
dass irgendeine Frage, die Sie in dieser Rechtssache zu entscheiden
haben, von diesen Zahlen abhängt.
Die dem Gerichtshof vom Sozialgericht Augsburg vorgelegten
Fragen lauten — leicht
gekürzt - folgendermassen:
1. Bewirkt Artikel 78 Absatz 2 der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 bei
einem Wohnsitzwechsel der Waisen in einen anderen Mit
gliedstaat, dass die in einem Mitgliedstaat bereits be
standskräftig festgestellten Leistungen im Sinne des
Artikels 78 Absatz 1 der Verordnung vom zuständigen Träger
dieses Mitgliedstaats entzogen werden können, wenn bei
einer erstmaligen Feststellung dieser Leistungen nach
Artikel 78 Absatz 2 der Verordnung die Zuständigkeit des
Trägers des anderen Mitgliedstaats gegeben wäre?
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 9 -
2. Ist die Entziehung gegebenenfalls auch dann gerechtfertigt,
wenn ein Anspruch auf die Leistungen nach Artikel 78 Absatz 1
der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 allein nach innerstaatlichen
Vorschriften gegeben ist?
Ich gedenke, zunächst die zweite Frage zu behandeln.
Es ist selbstverständlich durch Urteile des Gerichtshofes
eindeutig entschieden, dass Artikel 51 EWG-Vertrag den Rat
nicht ermächtigt, in der Weise Rechtsvorschriften zu erlassen,
dass einer Person Ansprüche genommen werden, die ihr nach dem
Recht eines
Mitgliedstaats unabhängig vom Gemeinschaftsrecht
zustehen. Ich werde diesen Grundsatz nach dem Namen des wichtigsten
Falles in der Reihe der Entscheidungen, durch die dieser Grundsatz
aufgestellt worden ist ,(Rechtssache 24/75, Petroni / ONPTS,
Slg. 1975, 1149) als "den Petroni-Grundsatz" bezeichnen.
Der Vorlagebeschluss bringt klar zum Ausdruck, dass das Sozial
gericht seine zweite Frage in erster Linie im
Hinblick auf diesen Grundsatz stellt.
In der Rechtssache 733/79, Laterza, in der
ich meine Schlussanträge vor der Ersten Kammer am 27. März 1980
vorgetragen habe und in der das Urteil noch aussteht, habe
ich die Auffassung vertreten,
dass dann, wenn Herr Laterza
einen Anspruch auf belgische Familienbeihilfen allein aus dem
belgischen Recht ableitet,
^
kann.
Artikel 77 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b
Verordnung N r . 1408/71 ihm dieses Recht nicht nehmen
Wenn das richtig ist, und ich denke immer noch, dass es
richtig ist, dann muss das gleiche mutatis mutandis auch für Artikel
78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b Ziffer i zutreffen, da es sich um zwei
Parallelbestimmungen handelt, wobei die eine für
Familienbeihilfen und die andere für Leistungen an Waisen gilt.
Schlussanträge 807/79
-
10
-
Von seiten der LVA Schwaben und der Kommission sind wir auf die
Rechtssache 19/76, Triches, Slg. 1976, 1243,
hingewiesen worden. Die Entscheidung in dieser Rechtssache geht
jedoch von der ausdrücklichen Feststellung aus, dass Herr Triches
nach den belgischen Rechtsvorschriften allein keinen Anspruch auf
belgische Familienbeihilfen hatte (siehe Randnr. 15 der EntscheidungsgrUnde). In der Tat war es dem
Gerichtshof in dieser Rechtssache
besonders wichtig, erneut festzustellen, dass "die vom Rat in Anwendung
des Artikels 51 getroffenen Massnahmen nicht dazu führen /dürfen/,
dass ein Wanderarbeitnehmer ein Recht einbüsst, das er nach den
Rechtsvorschriften des Mitgliedstaats, in dem er beschäftigt war,
bereits erworben hat" (siehe Randnr. 18 der Entscheidungsgründe).
Da ich zu der zweiten Frage diese Auffassung ver
trete, brauche ich mich meiner Meinung nach nicht mit der
Begründung zu befassen, die das Sozialgericht
weiteren
für diese Frage
angeführt hat, dass nämlich die entgegengesetzte
Auffassung Anlass zu Zweifeln daran geben könnte, ob Artikel 78
mit der deutschen Verfassung (dem Grundgesetz) vereinbar ist und
insbesondere ob er ein durch Artikel 14 dieser Verfassung ge
schütztes vermögenswertes Recht beeinträchtigt.
Auf jeden Fall
möchte ich in diesem Punkt lediglich zum Ausdruck bringen, dass ich
den Ausführungen von Herrn Generalanwalt Reischl in seinen Schluss
anträgen vom 27. März 1980 in den Rechtssachen 41, 121 und 796/79,
Testa, Maggio und Vitale, zustimme, in denen das Urteil ebenfalls
noch aussteht.
Schlussanträge 807/79
-
11
-
Damit man aber nicht denkt, dass ich mit dem, was Herr General
anwalt Reischl dort über die Anwendung des Petroni-Grundsatzes ge
sagt hat, nicht einverstanden bin, muss ich klarstellen, dass dies nicht
der Fall ist. Herr Generalanwalt Reischl hat in jener Rechtssache die
Anwendung dieses Grundsatzes auf Artikel 69 der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71
untersucht, der sich auf die Aufrechterhaltung des Anspruchs auf
Leistungen bei Arbeitslosigkeit bei einer Person bezieht, die sich
auf Arbeitssuche in einen anderen als den Mitgliedstaat begibt, in
dem sie Anspruch auf solche Leistungen hat. Wie Herr Generalanwalt
Reischl ausgeführt hat, bildet Artikel 69 eine Ausnahme von dem
allgemein anerkannten Grundsatz, nach dem der Anspruch auf Leistungen
bei Arbeitslosigkeit voraussetzt, dass die betreffende Person dort,
wo die Leistungen beansprucht werden, für die Arbeitsleistung zur
Verfügung steht. Wie er ausserdem dargelegt hat, ergab sich aus
Artikel 69 in Verbindung mit den in jenen Rechtssachen in Frage
stehenden deutschen Rechtsvorschriften, dass die betroffene Person
ein Wahlrecht hatte.
sie konnte in Deutschland entweder die An
sprüche geltend machen, die ihr nach Artikel 69 zustanden, oder
aber die Ansprüche, die ihr allein nach deutschem Recht zustanden.
Nur konnte sie nicht beide Ansprüche geltend machen. Es bestehen hier
einige Parallelen zu den Rechtssachen,die in innerstaatlichen
Rechtsvorschriften enthaltene Antikumulierungsbestimmungen betreffen
(zum Beispiel Rechtssache 98/77, Schaap;, Slg. 1978, 707, und
Rechtssache 105/77, Boerboom-Kersjes, Slg. 1978, 717) und in denen
der Gerichtshof entschieden hat, dass eine Person in einem Mit
gliedstaat von den Leistungen, auf die sie nach den Rechtsvor
schriften dieses Staates unter Berücksichtigung aller einschlägigen
Antikumulierungsvorschriften Anspruch hat, und den Leistungen, die sie
nach der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 verlangen kann, Anspruch auf die
jeweils höheren Leistungen hat.
Schlussanträge 807/79
12
-
In der vorliegenden Rechtssache gibt es keine einschlägige Wahl
möglichkeit oder Alternative. In den Rechtssachen Testa, Maggio und Vitale
bestand das Wahlrecht nur in Deutschland. In den Rechtssachen des Typs
Schaap und Boerboom-Kers.jes besteht die Alternative nur in dem Mit
gliedstaat, dessen Rechtsvorschriften die Antikumulierungsvorschrift
enthalten. Behauptete man hier , dass die Kläger die Wahl hätten,
Leistungen allein nach deutschem Recht oder aber nach Artikel 78
zu beanspruchen, so würde dies in offensichtlichem Widerspruch zu
den Entscheidungen des Gerichtshofes stehen, für die Petroni / ONPTS
selbst ein Beispiel ist und in denen für Recht erkannt worden ist, dass
eine Person, während sie ihre Ansprüche in einem Mitgliedstaat nach dem
Recht dieses Mitgliedstaats allein geltend macht, in einem anderen
Mitgliedstaat ihre Ansprüche nach Gemeinschaftsrecht geltend machen kann.
In diesem Zusammenhang sollte ich meiner Meinung nach kurz auf
die Schlussanträge von Herrn Generalanwalt Capotorti und auf das
Urteil der Zweiten Kammer vom 22. Mai 1980 in der Rechtssache 143/79,
Walsh / Insurance Officer, (noch nicht veröffentlicht) Bezug nehmen.
In dieser Rechtssache ging es, wie Sie sich erinnern, um Leistungen
bei Mutterschaft und insbesondere um die Auslegung von Artikel 8 der
Verordnung Nr. 574/72 sowie die Gültigkeit dieses Artikels im Lichte
seiner richtigen Auslegung. Artikel 8 findet Anwendung, wenn eine
Frau "nach den Rechtsvorschriften von zwei oder mehr Mitgliedstaaten
Anspruch auf Leistungen bei Mutterschaft /hat/". Herr Generalanwalt
Capotorti scheint die Auffassung vertreten zu haben, dass Artikel 8
die Ansprüche, die einer Frau allein nach dem Recht eines Mitgliedstaals
zustehen, verringern könne, aber dennoch vereinbar mit Artikel 51 EWG-V(er
trag sei. Bei oberflächlicher Lektüre des Urteils der Zweiten Kammer kann
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 13 -
man zu dem Schluss gelangen, dass sie sich diese Auffassung zu eigen
gemacht hat. So wie ich es verstehe, geht das Urteil in Wirklich
keit aber davon aus, dass bei richtiger Auslegung von Artikel 8 die
darin enthaltene Bezugnahme auf "die Rechtsvorschriften von zwei
oder mehr Mitgliedstaaten" eine Bezugnahme auf die Rechtsvorschriften
jedes dieser Staaten in Verbindung mit den einschlägigen Bestimmungen
der Gemeinschaft ist, sowie davon, dass Frau Walsh tatsächlich in
keinem der betreffenden Mitgliedstaaten (Irland und das Vereinigte
Königreich) aufgrund nationalen Rechts allein Anspruch auf
Leistungen bei Mutterschaft hatte. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen
besteht natürlich kein innerer Widerspruch zwischen diesem Urteil und
den Präzedenzentscheidungen des Gerichtshofes (wie in der Rechtssache
Petroni, der Rechtssache 50/75, Massonet, Slg. 1975, 1473, der Rechts
sache 62/76, Strehl, Slg. 1977, 211, und der Rechtssache 112/76,
Manzoni, Slg. 1977, 1647); hiernach erlaubt es Artikel 51 EWG-Vertrag
dem Rat nicht, Rechtsvorschriften zu erlassen, die dadurch die Kumu
lierung von Leistungen verhindern, dass sie die Höhe einer Leistung,
auf die eine Person allein nach den nationalen Rechtsvorschriften
eines Mitgliedstaats Anspruch hat, verringern.
Ich würde daher in der vorliegenden Rechtssache die zweite Frage
des Sozialgerichts verneinen.
Ich wende mich nun der ersten Frage zu, die - wenn meine
Auffassung zutrifft, dass der Petroni-Grundsatz für den Teil der
deutschen Renten der Kläger gilt, auf den sie allein nach deutschem
Recht Anspruch haben - nur für denjenigen Teil dieser Renten
Schlussanträge
807/79
14 -
von Belang sein kann, auf den die Kläger - jedenfalls so lange,
wie sie ihren Wohnsitz in Deutschland hatten - nach Gemeinschafts
recht aufgrund der Versicherungszeiten ihres Vaters in Italien
Anspruch hatten. Ihre Antwort auf diese Frage sollte dem Meinungs
streit zwischen den deutschen und den italienischen Stellen
Hinblick auf die Auslegung von Artikel 78 ein Ende setzen.
Ich bin zu dem Ergebnis
deutschen
gelangt, dass in dieser Frage die
Stellen, denen die Kommission zustimmt, recht haben.
In erster Linie erscheint es mir
unwahrscheinlich, dass der Rat
einen Wohnsitzwechsel unter allen Umständen für unerheblich ge
halten haben sollte, da das Niveau der Leistungen der sozialen
Sicherheit in jedem Mitgliedstaat in gewissem Umfang den Ver
hältnissen in diesem Staat angepasst ist, insbesondere den dortigen
Lebenshaltungskosten
und der Verfügbarkeit anderer sozialer Dienst
leistungen. Zweitens macht es — -viel stärker noch —
auf mich Eindruck, dass von den einzelnen
Angaben, die dem
zuständigen Träger nach Artikel 92 der Verordnung Nr. 574/72 mit
zuteilen sind, jede einzelne, ausser "jeder Wohnortwechsel
der Waisen", eindeutig so geartet ist, dass sie deren Leistungsansprucli
betrifft. Ich halte es für unwahrscheinlich, dass der Rat
"jeden Wohnortwechsel der Waisen" allein deshalb zwischen "jede
Aenderung der Zahl der Waisen, für die Leistungen geschuldet werden"
und "jede Erwerbstätigkeit, usw." (was nach Artikel 79 Absatz 3
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 15 -
erheblich wäre) gestellt haben sollte, weil - wie von seiten der
Kläger behauptet worden ist - der zuständige Träger die Anschrift
wissen muss,
an die die Zahlungen zu richten sind.
Ebensowenig scheinen mir die anderen Argumente überzeugend,
die von seiten der Kläger und der italienischen Regierung zur
Unterstützung der gegenteiligen Auffassung vorgebracht worden sind.
Die Kläger und die italienische Regierung haben sich beide
auf eine Erklärung im Ratsprotokoll zu
Artikel 78 Absatz 2 Buch
stabe b Ziffer ii der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 berufen. Diese Er
klärung, die im "Praktischen Handbuch der sozialen Sicherheit
für Arbeitnehmer und deren Familien, die innerhalb der Gemein
schaft zu- und abwandern" der Kommission auf S. 195 veröffentlicht
ist, hat folgenden Wortlaut:
'Es gilt als vereinbart,dass ein für allemal festgelegt wird,
welche Rechtsvorschriften auf ... Waisen anzuwenden sind,
und dass nach Erfüllung der in diesen Rechtsvorschriften
vorgesehenen Ansprüche keine Inanspruchnahme anderer Rechts
vorschriften in Betracht kommt, die gegebenenfalls eine
Weitergewährung von Leistungen zulassen."
Eine solche Erklärung ist natürlich nicht rechtsverbindlich, aber
wie ich in meinen Schlussanträgen in der Rechtssache Laterza aus
geführt habe - ich denke nicht, dass wir sie vollständig unbe
achtet lassen müssen.
Die Kläger und die italienische Regierung tragen vor, nach
dieser Erklärung könne,
sobald die Rechtsvorschriften, nach
denen eine Waise gemäss Artikel 78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b Ziffer ii
l.c.istungen erhalte, bestimmt seien, kein späterer Wohnsitzwechsel
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 16 -
zur Anwendbarkeit von anderen Rechtsvorschriften führen. Der
gleiche Grundsatz müsse, so behaupten sie, in analoger Anwendung
für einen unter Artikel 78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b Ziffer i zu
subsumierenden Fall angewandt werden.
Ich halte das nicht für richtig. Artikel 78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b
Ziffer ii findet - wie Sie sich erinnern - dann Anwendung, wenn für den
storbenen Arbeitnehmer die Rechtsvorschriften von mehr als einem
Mitgliedstaat galten und wenn die Waise in einem Mitgliedstaat wohnt,
nach dessen Rechtsvorschriften sie
(selbst bei Zusammenrechnung
der Versicherungszeiten) keinerlei Leistungen erhält,
in einem
solchen Fall bestimmt Artikel 78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b Ziffer ii um es kurz zu fassen - als die Rechtsvorschriften, nach denen der
Waise Leistungen zu gewähren sind, diejenigen, die für den
verstorbenen Arbeitnehmer die längste Zeit gegolten haben und nach
denen (gegebenenfalls nach Zusammenrechnung der Versicherungszeiten)
der Waise Leistungen gewährt werden. Was die Erklärung im Rats
protokoll klarstellen soll, ist - so scheint mir - dies; In
einem solchen Fall kann die Waise, sobald ihr Leistungsanspruch
nach diesen Rechtsvorschriften erschöpft ist, nicht die Rechtsvor
schriften eines anderen Mitgliedstaats
ihren
in Anspruch nehmen, die für
Elternteil für einen kürzeren Zeitraum gegolten haben,
weiterhin Leistungen
um
zu erhalten, zum Beispiel wenn nach diesen
letztgenannten Rechtsvorschriften Leistungen an Waisen bis zu einem
höheren Alter gezahlt werden als nach den erstgenannten Vorschriften.
So wie ich
sie verstehe, hat die Erklärung mit einem Wohnort
wechsel der Waise
nichts zu tun. Deshalb schliesst sie meiner Meinung,
nach nicht aus, dass ein Wohnortwechsel zu einem Wechsel
der Rechtsvorschriften führt, nach denen sie Leistungen zu erhalten hat.
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 17 -
Wie ich bereits erwähnt habe, haben die Kläger ein
weiteres Argument aus dem letzten Satz von Artikel 78 hergeleitet.
Dieser Satz hat folgenden Wortlaut:
"Die Rechtsvorschriften des Mitgliedstaats, die für die Ge
währung der in Artikel 77 genannten Leistungen für Kinder
eines Rentenberechtigten anzuwenden waren, gelten jedoch
nach dem Tod des Rentenberechtigten für die Gewährung der
Leistungen an die Waisen weiter."
Dieser Satz scheint mir dazu bestimmt zu sein, die Weiterzahlung
der Leistungen an die Kinder eines Arbeitnehmers sicherzustellen,
wenn dieser vor seinem Tod als Rentenberechtigter Familien
leistungen für sie erhielt. Er...besagt nicht und kann meiner Meinung
nach auch nicht dahin gehend ausgelegt werden, dass die Rechts
vorschriften, auf die er Bezug nimmt, ungeachtet eines
späteren
Wohnortwechsels der Waisen anwendbar bleiben sollen.
Die italienische Regierung hat sich auf Artikel 10 der Ver
ordnung Nr. 1408/71 berufen. Dieser enthält jedoch die Worten
"sofern in dieser Verordnung nichts anderes bestimmt ist ..."
Da Artikel 78 seine eigenen Regeln für die. Bedeutung des Wohnortes
des Empfängers im Falle von Leistungen an Waisen aufstellt, ist
die Anwendung von Artikel 10 nach meiner Ansicht ausgeschlossen.
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 18 -
Schliesslich hat die italienische Regierung zwei Entschei
dungen des Gerichtshofes zur Auslegung von Artikel 79 Absatz 3
der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 zitiert, nämlich die Urteile in der
Rechtssache 115/77,
Laumann, Slg. 1978, 805, und in der Rechtssache
100/78, Rossi, Slg. 1979, 831 (von denen ich das letztere im
Hinblick auf seine Tragweite
in meinen Schlussanträgen in der
Rechtssache Laterza untersucht habe). Artikel 79 Absatz 3 ist hier
natürlich nicht einschlägig, und man kann meines Erachtens aus
diesen Entscheidungen auch keinen allgemeinen Grundsatz ableiten,
der für die Beantwortung der vorliegenden Frage eine Rolle spielen wurde.
Ich bin daher der Auffassung, dass die erste Frage des Sozialger'ichts
mit der Einschränkung bejaht werden sollte, dass die Antwort nur
für den Teil (soweit vorhanden) der Leistungen gilt, auf den die
Waisen nicht allein nach nationalem Recht Anspruch haben.
Schlussanträge 807/79
Uebersetzung
S C H L U S S A N T R A E G E
des Generalanwalts
J ,-P. WARNER
Ín der Rechtssache 807/79
GRAVINA U.a.
gegen
LANDESVERSICHERUNGSANSTALT SCHWABEN
(Ersuchen um Vorabentscheidung, vorgelegt
vom Sozialgericht Augsburg)
vorgetragen in der Sitzung vom
10. Juni 1980
Herr Präsident, meine Herren Richter!
Diese Rechtssache ist im Wege eines Vorabentscheidungsersuchens
des Sozialgerichts Augsburg vor den Gerichtshof gelangt.
Kläger
in dem Verfahren vor diesem Gericht sind die fünf Kinder des
Herrn Francesco Gravina, eines italienischen Arbeitnehmers, der am
6. Juli .1973 Inder Bundesrepublik Deutschland gestorben ist.
Beklagte ist die Landesversicherungsanstalt Schwaben (die ich
"LVA Schwaben" nennen werde). Die Kläger beantragen in diesem
Verfahren, ihnen Waisenrenten von Ende Juni 1974 an zu zahlen.
Schlussanträge 807/79
P/m/B
-
2
-
Die Rechtssache wirft Fragen zur Auslegung und zum Anwendungs
bereich des Artikels 78 der Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 1408/71 des Rates
auf.
Absatz 1 dieses Artikels definiert die Leistungen, für die er
gilt. Diese umfassen Waisenrenten der hier in Frage stehenden Art.
Absatz 2 sieht in der durch die Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 2864/72 des
Rates geänderten Fassung vor:
"Die Leistungen für Waisen werden ohne Rücksicht darauf, in
welchem Mitgliedstaat die Waisen oder die natürliche oder
juristische Person, die ihren Unterhalt bestreitet, wie folgt
gewährt :
a) Für Waisen eines verstorbenen Arbeitnehmers, für den die
Rechtsvorschriften eines einzigen Mitgliedstaats gegolten
haben, gemäss den Rechtsvorschriften dieses Staates;
b) für Waisen eines verstorbenen Arbeitnehmers, für den die
Rechtsvorschriften mehrerer Mitgliedstaaten gegolten haben:
i) nach den Rechtsvorschriften des Staates, in dessen Gebiel
die Waisen wohnen, wenn Anspruch auf eine der in Absatz
1 genannten Leistungen - gegebenenfalls unter Berück
sichtigung von Artikel 79 Absatz 1 Buchstabe a - nach
den Rechtsvorschriften dieses Staates besteht, oder
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 3 -
ii) in den anderen Fällen nach den Rechtsvorschriften des
Staates, die für den verstorbenen Arbeitnehmer die
längste Zeit gegolten haben, wenn Anspruch auf eine der
in Absatz 1 genannten Leistungen nach den Rechtsvor
schriften dieses Staates gegebenenfalls unter Berück
sichtigung von Artikel 79 Absatz 1 Buchstabe a besteht;
wenn nach diesen Rechtsvorschriften kein Anspruch besteht,
werden die Anspruchsvoraussetzungen in bezug auf die
Rechtsvorschriften der anderen in Betracht kommenden
Mitgliedstaaten in der Reihenfolge der abnehmenden
Dauer der nach den Rechtsvorschriften dieser Staaten
zurückgelegten Versicherungs— oder Wohnzelten geprüft."
Absatz 2 endet mit einem Satz, der dann gilt, wenn der verstorbene
Arbeitnehmer im Zeitpunkt seines Todes selbst rentenberechtigt war.
Dieser Satz ist auf den Sachverhalt des vorliegenden Falles nicht
anwendbar; die Kläger haben sich jedoch bei ihrer Argumentation
auf ihn gestützt.
Soweit er hier einschlägig ist, sieht Artikel 79 Absatz 1, kurz
gesagt, vor, dass Leistungen nach Artikel 78 gemäss den nach diesem
Artikel bestimmten Rechtsvorschriften von dem Träger, der diese
Rechtsvorschriften anzuwenden hat, zu seinen Lasten zu gewähren sind,
und dass dann, wenn nach diesen Rechtsvorschriften der Erwerb des
L0
oder die Höhe der Leistungen von der Dauer der
Versicherungszeiten abhängt, die von dem betroffenen Arbeitnehmer
in allen Mitgliedstaaten zurückgelegten Zeiten zusammenzurechnen sind.
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 4
Artikel 79 Absatz 3 ist nicht unmittelbar einschlägig; sein
Inhalt ist jedoch für einige der Argumente, die uns vorgetragen
wurden, von Bedeutung. Er bestimmt,
dass der Anspruch auf
Leistungen nach Artikel 78 ausgesetzt wird, "wenn für die Kinder
Anspruch auf Leistungen oder Familienbeihilfen nach den Rechts
vorschriften eines Mitgliedstaats wegen Ausübung einer Erwerbs
tätigkeit besteht".
Artikel 92 der Verordnung (EWG) Nr. 574/72
des Rates über die
Durchführung der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 sieht, soweit er hier ein
schlägig ist, vor:
"Jede Person, der nach ... Artikel 78 der Verordnung Leistungen ..
gezahlt werden, hat dem zur Zahlung dieser Leistungen ver
pflichteten Träger folgendes mitzuteilen:
- jede Aenderung in den Verhältnissen der ... Waisen, die den
Anspruch auf Leistungen ändern kann;
- jede Aenderung der Zahl der ... Waisen, für die Leistungen
geschuldet werden;
- jeden
Wohnortwechsel der ... Waisen;
- jede Erwerbstätigkeit, aufgrund deren ein Anspruch auf
Familienleistungen oder -Zulagen für diese ... Waisen besteht."
Der Sachverhalt
in der vorliegenden Rechtssache èsu folgend er :
Der verstorbene Herr Gravina arbeitete zwischen Oktober 1951
und Januar 1961 in Italien. Dabei legte er 180 Beitragswochen im
italienischen Rentenversicherungssystem zurück, die 42 Monaten ent-
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 5 -
entsprechen. Von Oktober 1961 bis zum Zeitpunkt seines Todes,
dem 6 . Juli 1973, arbeitete er in der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland und
legte dabei 141 Beitragsmonate im deutschen Rentenversicherungssystem
zurück. Am 22. März 1974 gewährte die Landesversicherungsanstalt
Baden ("LVA Baden") seiner Witwe und den Klägern Hinterbliebenen
renten. Auch wenn es in dem Vorlagebeschluss nicht erwähnt ist,
so ist
doch zwischen den Parteien unstreitig, dass diese
Renten allein auf der Grundlage der von Herrn Gravina in
Deutsohland zurUckgelegten Versicherungszeiten berechnet wurden,
da der LVA Baden seine Versicherungszeiten in Italien nicht mit
geteilt worden waren. Die LVA Schwaben hat eingeräumt, dass die
italienischen Zeiten (nach Artikel 79 Absatz 1 der Verordnung
Nr. 1408/71) hätten berücksichtigt werden sollen und dass die Renten
höher gewesen wären, wenn dies geschehen wäre.
Im Mai 1974 kehrte die Witwe mit den Klägern nach Italien zu
rück, um dort zu leben. Die LVA Baden stellte daraufhin die Zahlung
der Renten mit Wirkung von Ende Juni 1974 ein und gab die Akten an
die LVA Schwaben als der zuständigen Verbindungsstelle ab. Die
LVA Schwaben zahlte die Witwenrente weiter, lehnte aber die
Zahlung der Waisenrenten an die Kläger mit der Begründung ab, diese
hätten
- da Herr Gravina sowohl in Italien als auch in Deutsch
land Versicherungszeiten zurückgelegt habe und die Kläger jetzt in
Italien wohnten - nach Artikel 78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b
Ziffer i
der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 Anspruch auf die Gewährung von Waisenrenten
durch den zuständigen italienischen Träger
einen deutschen Träger.
Schlussanträge 807/79
und nicht durch irgend
-
6
-
Anscheinend bestehen seit einigen Jahren zwischen den deutschen
Stellen und den italienischen Stellen Meinungsverschiedenheiten
im Hinblick auf die richtige Auslegung des Artikels 78 unter
Umständen wie denen des vorliegenden Falles • Die deutschen
Stellen vertreten die Auffassung, dass dann, wenn sich das Wohnsitzland
einer Waise, ändert, deren Ansprüche neu festgestellt werden müssen
und dass sich daraus ein Wechsel des zur Zahlung der Leistungen
verpflichteteh Trägers ergeben kann. Die italienischen
Stellen
sind dagegen der Meinung, dass dann, wenn der für die
Zahlung der Leistungen an eine Waise zuständige Träger nach dem
Tod ihres Elternteils einmal nach den
in Artikel 78 festgelegten
Regeln bestimmt ist, dieser Träger ungeachtet eines späteren Wohn
sitzwechsels der Waise zuständig blèibt. Nach dem, was wir von seiten
der Kläger gehört haben, hat diese Meinungsverschiedenheit im Er
gebnis offenbar dazu geführt, dass diese mehr als
vier Jahre lang
überhaupt keine Leistungen erhalten haben. Im November 1978 gab
der zuständige italienische Träger, das INPS, nach und bewill.igte
ihnen unter Vorbehalt, das heisst bis zur endgültigen Entscheidung
der Frage, welcher Träger für die Zahlung von Leistungen an sie zu
ständig ist, Renten mit Wirkung vom August 1973 (der auf den Tod ihres
Vaters folgende Monat).
Herr Gravina war in Italien nicht lange genug versichert
gewesen, als dass seine Kinder dort einen Anspruch auf Waisenrenten
allein nach den einschlägigen italienischen Rechtsvorschriften
erworben hätten. Ihre (vorläufigen) Renten wurden ihnen vom
INPS nach Artikel 79 Absatz 1 der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 bewilligt.
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 7 -
Ihre Lage ist in Deutschland eine andere. Herr Gravina hat hier
während des für den Erwerb der Rentenberechtigung erforderlichen
Zeitraums von 60 Monaten gearbeitet. Darüber hinaus - so stellt
das Sozialgericht im Vorlagebeschluss unter Berufung auf § 1315
Absatz 2 der Reichsversicherungsordnung fest - entzieht das
deutsche Recht
in diesem Fall den Klägern wegen
ihres Umzugs nach Italien nicht die Ansprüche auf ihre deutschen
Renten. Dies hat uns der Vertreter der LVA Schwaben in der
mündlichen Verhandlung bestätigt. Ich nehme an, dass
dies so ist,
weil der Umzug nach Italien auf der Entscheidung ihrer Mutter
und nicht
auf ihrer eigenen Entscheidung beruhte. Der Vertreter der LVA Schwaben
hat ausserdem vorgetragen, dass nach deutschem Recht jeder der
Kläger seinen Rentenanspruch verlieren werde, wenn er das Voll
jährigkeitsalter erreiche, und dass bei einigen von ihnen dies
bereits der Fall sei. Ich sehe keinen Grund,
an der Richtigkeit
dieses Vorbringens zu zweifeln.
Letzten Endes scheint es, dass - jedenfalls
Kläger
so lange, wie die
in Deutschland wohnen blieben - die Rente, auf die jeder
von ihnen als Minderjähriger Anspruch hatte, in zwei Teile zerfiel,
nämlich in einen Teil, den er allein nach deutschem Recht
trotz des Umzugs nach Italien weiter beanspruchen konnte, und
in
einen zusätzlichen Teil, auf den er nach Gemeinschaftsrecht infolge
der Anrechnung
der Versicherungszeiten seines Vaters in Italien
Anspruch hatte.
Schlussanträge 807/79
8
-
Die Renten, auf die die Kläger in Deutschland Anspruch hatten,
waren höher als diejenigen, die ihnen (vorläufig) vom INPS
gewährt werden. Es ist vorgetragen worden, dies sei so, weil die
1f^l1®nischen Renten unter Bezugnahme auf den Verdienst berechnet
worden seien, den Herr Gravina während seiner letzten Tätigkeit als
Arbeitnehmer in Italien erzielt habe, und dass eine italienische
Rente in anderen Fällen günstiger sein könne. Einige von Ihnen
haben den Vertretern der Beteiligten
der mündlichen Verhandlung
Fragen gestellt, die darauf gerichtet waren, die jeweiligen
Beträge der deutschen und der italienischen Renten festzustellen,
auf die die Kläger möglicherweise Anspruch haben. Die Antworten
schienen
mir nicht überzeugend. Aus ihnen ging nur hervor,
wieviel durch die LVA Baden gezahlt worden war (das heisst,auf
wieviel die
Kläger allein nach deutschem Recht Anspruch hatten)
und wieviel insgesamt
vom
inps
an
die Witwe für diese selbst
für ihre Kinder gezahlt worden war. Ich glaube jedoch nicht,
dass irgendeine Frage, die Sie in dieser Rechtssache zu entscheiden
haben, von diesen Zahlen abhängt.
Die dem Gerichtshof vom Sozialgericht Augsburg vorgelegten
Fragen lauten — leicht
gekürzt — folgendermassen:
1. Bewirkt Artikel 78 Absatz 2 der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 bei
einem Wohnsitzwechsel der Waisen in einen anderen Mit—
gliedstaat, dass die in einem Mitgliedstaat bereits be
standskräftig festgestellten Leistungen im Sinne des
Artikels 78 Absatz 1 der Verordnung vom zuständigen Träger
dieses Mitgliedstaats entzogen werden können, wenn bei
einer erstmaligen Feststellung dieser Leistungen nach
Artikel 78 Absatz 2 der Verordnung die Zuständigkeit des
Trägers des anderen Mitgliedstaats gegeben wäre?
Schlussanträge 807/79
- 9 -
2. Ist die Entziehung gegebenenfalls auch dann gerechtfertigt,
wenn ein Anspruch auf die Leistungen nach Artikel 78 Absatz 1
der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 allein nach innerstaatlichen
Vorschriften gegeben ist?
Ich gedenke, zunächst die zweite Frage zu behandeln.
Es ist selbstverständlich durch Urteile des Gerichtshofes
eindeutig entschieden, dass Artikel 51 EWG-Vertrag den Rat
nicht ermächtigt, in der Weise Rechtsvorschriften zu erlassen,
dass einer Person Ansprüche genommen werden, die ihr nach dem
Recht eines
Mitgliedstaats unabhängig vom Gemeinschaftsrecht
zustehen. Ich werde diesen Grundsatz nach dem Namen des wichtigsten
Falles in der Reihe der Entscheidungen, durch die dieser Grundsatz
aufgestellt worden ist,(Rechtssache 24/75, Petroni / QNPTS,
Slg. 1975, 1149) als "den Petroni-Grundsatz" bezeichnen.
Der Vorlagebeschluss bringt klar zum Ausdruck, dass das Sozial
gericht seine zweite Frage in erster Linie im
Hinblick auf diesen Grundsatz stellt.
In der Rechtssache 733/79, Laterza, in der
ich meine Schlussanträge vor der Ersten Kammer am 27. März 1980
vorgetragen habe und in der das Urteil noch aussteht, habe
ich die Auffassung vertreten,
dass dann, wenn Herr Laterza
einen Anspruch auf belgische Familienbeihilfen allein aus dem
belgischen Recht ableitet,
Artikel 77 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b
Ziffer i der Verordnung Nr. 1408/71 ihm dieses Recht nicht nehmen
kann.
Wenn das richtig ist, und ich denke immer noch, dass es
richtig ist, dann muss das gleiche mutatis mutandis auch für Artikel
78 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b Ziffer i zutreffen, da es sich um zwei
Parallelbestimmungen handelt, wobei die eine für
Familienbeihilfen und die andere für Leistungen an Waisen gilt.
|
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How It Feels To Be Stuck Between Two Cultures
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I’m writing this post to give you a peek into my life, more importantly how I’ve always been sort of stuck between two cultures and what that feels like now as an adult. Because when it comes to purpose and owning your magic, stories are very important, they are powerful, even more so when it’s about your identity. So here’s a little story about mine.
I’m lucky enough to have supportive parents and the means to even have considered doing something different like leaving my country. You see, I left 7 years ago for college and have lived in the states ever since, but I’ve walked a fine line between both cultures my entire life.
I was born in Monterrey, one of the most commercial and Americanized cities in México. It may be a city but we call it “El Rancho” because everyone knows each other, and if you don’t know someone you can bet your friend does. It’s a city with 2 degrees of separation and in this city more specifically, San Pedro, everyone does the same thing. We have two of the most prestigious colleges in the country a good 30 minutes from each other, an array of competing private schools and more industrial and commercial opportunities to hold jobs for anyone who’s willing. Naturally, few people ever leave.
It’s a bubble, one in which everyone does the same thing on repeat. They go to the same private schools wearing restrictive plaid uniforms, sporting the same shirts from Aeropostale or American Eagle that they got on their weekend visit to Texas (our closest border) and end up in either college. After graduation, they get a job in one of the many companies, get married, throw a lavish party, have kids, and then their kids go to the same schools they did. Rinse and repeat.
It’s a privileged twinkling city, one that has everything you ever need so not a lot of people leave. Kind of like Moana, she wants to go explore, but everyone stays on Motonui because consider the coconuts! I always describe it to my husband, Keal, as a sort of LA vibe. With trendy hipster restaurants and hangouts opening and closing in the blink of an eye, startups, tall office buildings, big companies like Coca-Cola, people from different countries mingling, the Beverly Hills scent of privilege, and everything in between. Very Americanized.
Don’t get me wrong, although my hometown is not like Santa Cecilia in Pixar’s Coco… the culture and values are the same. We too have a Plaza, traditional Mexican architecture, a storied Baroque palace and many many people filling up your belly with tamales and love. That part is so true. I had a very cool upbringing full of family values, color, Sunday visits to my Abuelita’s house, all the warmth and friendliness of my people and the best food on the planet. But I feel like I’ve lived in this limbo of cultures my entire life. My heart belongs to México, but my mind is very American.
I grew up watching 90s Nicktoons, Lizzie McGuire and so many Simpson episodes that I have absolutely no accent when I speak English. I often pout and whine about not having a sexy Sofia Vergara accent. A few years back, it used to be a point of pride in me, where I would smugly tell the story to any American who would be surprised when they found out I was a 100% born and raised Mexican. Cue my perfectly timed story of how my Dad got us DirecTV growing up, bought me all the books I ever wanted and how my English teachers were Hey Arnold and That’s So Raven. Oh Snap!
Sometimes I feel almost like an impostor, like I’m going through life without anyone ever really knowing who I am because I blend in so seamlessly. I know a lot of people would kill for this, to blend in, but sometimes it feels like I’m caught between two worlds, betraying my country in a way. I know it took me a while to love my tanned olive colored skin and be proud of it, even before I moved to the states! There’s a term widely used in México for people who love other countries more than their own: Malinchista. Growing up I was called that, by friends, classmates, and sometimes even my own mother. I always felt ashamed of liking American things even when my own city was exposing me to them. Living so close to the border gives you sort of an identity complex. I KNOW I’m Mexican, I was born there, I lived there for 21 years of my life, the most crucial years, my childhood. But I was also raised in a semi-American environment. You can say it’s confusing for a little girl who’s figuring out who she is.
At 20 I started tinkering with the idea of studying in California. I was struggling with my career choice (I was majoring in International Marketing at the time) and felt utterly lost. So with the support of my parents I moved to California to go to school for Graphic Design and I never looked back. Pop! Went my childhood bubble.
I was lucky I ended up in LA because it has a mix of people from all over. I not only made Mexican-American friends, but also Columbian, American and Venezuelan. I never really felt out of place at school and I even landed a job at a Hispanic ad agency in Santa Monica right after graduating where many of my co-workers where Mexican imports with work visas, like me! It was a slice of home. I did not get culture shock at all, my upbringing had been preparing me for this my whole life. I sported these cool California rose colored glasses and found my own little bubble of camaraderie and familiarity. Thats when it hit me. I was stuck in another bubble.
I always get stir crazy if I find myself in some sort of hamster wheel, or rat race. I wasn’t going to climb the corporate ladder and keep working for the weekend. You can say that I have this kind of rebellious spirt that is always searching for more. I always want to expand my horizons, take risks and have adventures. I think its partly because of that upbringing of seeing everyone doing the same thing on repeat, except now as an adult I am constantly surrounded by people whining about their jobs but not doing something to change their realities.
So I quit and traveled for two whole years and now I’m staying put and working on building my business. None of which would have been possible if I didn’t have both cultures ingrained in my brain. As a 28 year old semi-adult, I can say that without having that story I wouldn’t be where I am today and I can appreciate it. My Mexican culture is based on hard work, friendliness and family. My adopted American side that I have learned in my 7 years of living here as well as during my childhood is all about opportunities and the American dream. The fact that I can blend in so seamlessly IS my superpower. I have the best of both worlds! I get to be proud of being Hispanic, to represent while I live my dream.
I no longer am ashamed I have no accent, nor hiding, I am loud and proud. I have the honor of having years of tradition behind me. To have the hardworking ethic of my people push me forward. I have the resilient heart of my country and the ideals of the American Dream, which I am so lucky to be able to do. I get to take risks because I know there is more. I get to say no to settling and strive to build my business in a country that welcomes opportunities. I get to BE Mexican and have years of tradition and values coursing through my veins.
Yes I am far from home, from my friends and family, but they are with me always. I have adopted an American lifestyle in my 7 years of being here, but it was part of me all along because I lived so close to the border and now I get to share it with my husband who is American.
I am not saying its easy, most days I really miss home. I miss the warmth of the people, the FOOD, the traditions, how everyone smiles at each other, the hard working ethic that everyone has (you will never meet someone as hardworking as a Mexican), and how you just call every one of your friends’ parents Tía/Tío (Aunt or Uncle) as if they are family… because they are! Not to mention you greet everyone with a kiss on the cheek and a half hug, even people you just met. None of this business transactional handshake you get in the states. The fact that I know all of this makes me just glow with pride.
Today I am not ashamed, I am empowered. I am honored to be able to live my dream with México always in my heart. I am not stuck between to cultures, I’m embracing two cultures. It’s who I am and hopefully one day if and when I ever decide to have kids, they’ll be embracing them too.
Leave a Happy Thought!
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Real Estate Property in Phuket is a great investment, but you need the right partners.
Ensure to take into consideration purchasing a property real estate Phuket in Thailand in case you are seeking an excellent place to retire in the Southeast Asian region. Known for its first-rate hotels and beautiful white-sand seasides, Phuket is really a glamorous seaside resort area which has indeed ended up being a popular location for retirees and expats. In addition to its magnificent coastlines and also wealth in attractions, the city of Phuket condo units is additionally one of the world's most affordable places to retire. In Thailand, you have the ability to live in an idyllic haven with attractive landscape and culture.
Maan Tawan, PhuketMaan Tawan is a secure and prestigious development of exclusive homes thoughtfully dispersed throughout 2.52 hectares of verdant landscape on the northern verges of Laguna, Phuket's premier address.
The Reef, PhuketThe Reef Phuket is a low-rise condominium development featuring affordable but luxurious 2 and 3 bedroom units. Located on Mai Khao beach with view of the azure blue waters of the Andaman sea.
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The Heights Phuket - Raimon LandThe Heights Phuket : Simple and functional, our interiors are a true fusion of East and West. Large open terraces, expansive living areas, and the seamless spillover of indoor into outdoor spaces, reflect the modern-Asian design of the site. Using quality materials and natural finishes, experience harmonious living in its true form.
Nai Harn Baan-Bua, PhuketNai Harn Baan-Bua. Located at Nai Harn Beach, Phuket's new residential area. Our conceptual development is to build the dignified Thai-Balinese 'Home in Garden' with uncomparable quality of construction.
'in' - Phuket Real EstatePhuket Real Estate Thailand with 10 years experience, professional service and a wide range of villas, apartments and houses in popular locations. We offer up to date real estate property information for Phuket's popular areas and feature some of the finest properties avaialbe at various prices.
Island Oasis Resorts, PhuketKamala Beach, Phuket. One of the world's most beautiful beach resorts. Now you too can own your very own Island Oasis Resorts Phuket Home! The warm year round tropical climate has made owning a Phuket Property, one of the better investments you could have made over the past few years. This really is the ideal destination to select, especially for those wishing to escape from the harsh Northern winters.
Andara Luxury Villas, PhuketAndara Luxury Villas are designed to exist in perfect harmony with their surroundings. Each spacious villa includes a private 20m infinity-edged swimming pool and dramatic landscaping which provides privacy and seclusion.
L'Orchidee Residences, PhuketL'Orchidée Residences is a "Natural Beauty" development of 28 villas, ideally located on Phuket's west coast. This is no ordinary development with its high quality specifications, panoramic sea views and unspoiled sunset.
Hunter Sotheby's International Realty, PhuketHunter Sotheby's International Realty is the exclusive representative of the prestigious Sotheby's International Realty organisation in Phuket and Southern Thailand. We specialise in luxury lifestyle properties and unique opportunities, offering unparalleled, discreet, professional services to our clients and are dedicated to the beautiful and exotic region of Southern Thailand.
Phuket-Rentals.comPhuket-Rentals.com is a leading Vacation Rental website for the Island of Phuket Thailand. If you're looking to rent a house, condo or apartment in Phuket, this is the place. Phuket-Rentals.com offers the widest variety of accommodations on the island of Phuket Thailand.
Tropical Properties Real Estate, PhuketWe are a one stop solution for all your property buying requirements, giving you advice, showing you around to all the relevant properties….We will also guide you through the whole legal process that comes with owning and purchasing property in Thailand.
Phuket Property SalesPhuket Property Sales features many pages of homes for sale. Also apartments, condominiums, villas and land in popular beach and city locations.
Paradise Heights, PhuketSituated on the peaceful East Coast Cape of Yamoo, Paradise Heights offers seclusion coupled with security and peace of mind. 3 major golf courses within 20 minutes, including Phuket's first 21st Century championship course Mission Hills designed by Jack Nicklaus. British International School within 5 minutes, and the modern International hospital within 15 minutes.
Proline Real Estate Co. Ltd., PhuketWe will gladly counsel you in all real estate matters. Purchasing and selling of apartments, houses, multi-family houses, business space and construction sites of any type. Renting exclusive living and business units. Professional evaluation (written estimation) of all types of real estate.
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Paradise Heights, PhuketSituated on the peaceful East Coast Cape of Yamoo, Paradise Heights offers seclusion coupled with security and peace of mind. 3 major golf courses within 20 minutes, including Phuket's first 21st Century championship course Mission Hills designed by Jack Nicklaus. British International School within 5 minutes, and the modern International hospital within 15 minutes.
Kanna Kieree, PhuketIdeally located in one of Phuket's most exclusive residential areas the Kanna Kieree Homes are located high on an ocean facing hillside.
Layan Gardens - Tropical Island LivingSituated on a gentle sloping hillside in Layan overlooking several lakes, the beautiful valley and beaches of Layan and Bang Tao, the Laguna Phuket Golf Course and the Cherngtalay Hills beyond, Layan Gardens really is an oasis of tranquillity. Yet it is only minutes from all the amenities and facilities you would need.
L'Orchidee Residences, PhuketL'Orchidée Residences is a "Natural Beauty" development of 28 villas, ideally located on Phuket's west coast. This is no ordinary development with its high quality specifications, panoramic sea views and unspoiled sunset.
Royal Marina, PhuketRoyal Phuket Marina will be a world-class residential resort property encircling a sleek, state-of-the-art tropical marina of Phuket. Enjoy a unique lifestyle, right on the water's edge in Phuket.
Serenity Terraces, PhuketSerenity Terraces offers homes (apartments, penthouses and villas) for sale in a beautiful beachfront location on the island of Phuket. Full 5-star facilities include a large clubhouse and pool, with a gym, spa, bar and restaurant. The project will be professionally managed to include an optional resort-style rental scheme.
Phuket Paradise PropertiesPhuket Paradise Properties gives you the opportunity to own a small piece of paradise here in Phuket. Homes, Villas, Condos, Apartments, Residential or Commercial Land are offered.
Nakatani Group, PhuketThe Nakatani Group is a property development company based in Phuket, Thailand that specializes in developing luxurious ocean view communities to international standards.
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Phuket LandPhuket real estate, Thailand properties, land and houses for sale. Long established professional trustworthy property agent, helps buying and building a house.
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Phuket Property HunterPhuket Property Hunter specializes in searching for property on the Island of Phuket. We provide wide coverage that includes the West Coast beaches of Kamala, Surin, Bangtao, Laguna Phuket, Natai Beach, and select areas of other parts of Phuket.
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Proline Real Estate Co. Ltd., PhuketWe will gladly counsel you in all real estate matters. Purchasing and selling of apartments, houses, multi-family houses, business space and construction sites of any type. Renting exclusive living and business units. Professional evaluation (written estimation) of all types of real estate.
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Maan Tawan, PhuketMaan Tawan is a secure and prestigious development of exclusive homes thoughtfully dispersed throughout 2.52 hectares of verdant landscape on the northern verges of Laguna, Phuket's premier address.
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Tropical Properties Real Estate, PhuketWe are a one stop solution for all your property buying requirements, giving you advice, showing you around to all the relevant properties….We will also guide you through the whole legal process that comes with owning and purchasing property in Thailand.
My-Phuket.comMy-Phuket.com offers a large number of independent listings of Phuket villa rentals, houses, penthouses and apartments for rent as well as sailing and motor yacht charters in Phuket, Thailand.
ThaiBali, PhuketThaiBali offers four attractive villas on approximately 600 square metres of land per plot, facing west (towards the ocean). Located some 5 minutes from the Bangtao Beach by foot, 5 minutes by car from Laguna Phuket, with resorts such as Banyan Tree and Dusit Laguna.
Nai Harn Baan-Bua, PhuketNai Harn Baan-Bua. Located at Nai Harn Beach, Phuket's new residential area. Our conceptual development is to build the dignified Thai-Balinese 'Home in Garden' with uncomparable quality of construction.
www.phuketlandservice.com. This web site contains information about land/houses/apartments and other real-estate for sale in Phuket, the most beautiful and island in the southern part of Thailand.
Baan Naiyang Resort, PhuketBaan Naiyang Resort is an international gated community of 71 bungalow homes nestled against gentle hills in Northern Phuket . The Resort is located a quick two minutes from idyllic Naiyang beach and national park and ten minutes from Phuket International Airport.
Luna PhuketOnly 15 minutes from the airport and adjacent to the Laguna Village resort and the Sheraton and Banyan Tree Hotels the 3 bedroom and 3 bathroom luxury garden villas at Luna Phuket offer a wonderful lifestyle with total privacy and exclusivity and superb value for money.
The Heights Phuket - Raimon LandThe Heights Phuket : Simple and functional, our interiors are a true fusion of East and West. Large open terraces, expansive living areas, and the seamless spillover of indoor into outdoor spaces, reflect the modern-Asian design of the site. Using quality materials and natural finishes, experience harmonious living in its true form.
PhuketBuy.com - Real EstatePhuketBuy offers property for sale in Phuket, Krabi and Phang Nga. We provide the meeting place for both property owners and business investors with our property real-time database.
Phuket SunrisePhuket Sunrise : Specialising in new property developments in Phuket, including investment and residential condos at the Bel Air Panwa and Kata Heights projects.
Andara Luxury Villas, PhuketAndara Luxury Villas are designed to exist in perfect harmony with their surroundings. Each spacious villa includes a private 20m infinity-edged swimming pool and dramatic landscaping which provides privacy and seclusion.
Chalong Beach Villa, PhuketChalong Beach Villa represents a refined yet affordable magnificent one or two storey house with Sino-Portuguese influences overlooking the Andaman Sea, just minutes away from Chalong Pier. They are available in three distinctive designs. Each design offers the ultimate in private accommodation by combining Thai design with practical modern living.
Grove Gardens, PhuketGrove Gardens is an exclusive residential complex situated on prestigious Cape Yamu on Phuket's East Coast. The luxury resort style development offers superb town homes and apartments with spacious modern accommodation and island lifestyle. The clubhouse features a restaurant and bar, convenience store and reception.
ThaiBali, PhuketThaiBali offers four attractive villas on approximately 600 square metres of land per plot, facing west (towards the ocean). Located some 5 minutes from the Bangtao Beach by foot, 5 minutes by car from Laguna Phuket, with resorts such as Banyan Tree and Dusit Laguna.
West Sands Property Development, PhuketWest Sands is a property development of luxury Phuket villas and apartments. It is situated on Mai Khao Beach in the northwest of Phuket. Many different types of property are available.
Phulay Heights, KrabiPhulay Heights is a property development of 52 luxury villas. Just five minutes from the sands and blue waters of the Andaman Sea, Phulay Heights affords views of the islands of Yao Yai, Phuket and Phi Phi, and is only thirty minutes from Krabi International Airport.
Royal Marina, PhuketRoyal Phuket Marina will be a world-class residential resort property encircling a sleek, state-of-the-art tropical marina of Phuket. Enjoy a unique lifestyle, right on the water's edge in Phuket.
Steelsmart Homes Thailand Ltd.Steelsmart Homes Thailand Ltd. : Steel frame home builders on Phuket island. We offer customers a unique fast construction system which is world patented and first time used in Thailand.
The Accenta, PhuketThe Accenta is a privately owned building of twelve, one bedroom and four, three bedroom apartments, situated on a south-facing slope at the north end of Kata Beach, on Phuket Island.
'in' - Phuket Real EstatePhuket Real Estate Thailand with 10 years experience, professional service and a wide range of villas, apartments and houses in popular locations. We offer up to date real estate property information for Phuket's popular areas and feature some of the finest properties avaialbe at various prices.
Kanna Kieree, PhuketIdeally located in one of Phuket's most exclusive residential areas the Kanna Kieree Homes are located high on an ocean facing hillside.
Vichuda Hills, PhuketVichuda Hills the finest development in the north West Cost of Phuket, a very private and secluded location. Located on the Layan hills overlooking Bangtao Bay, with good views of Andaman Sea.
Siam UK Trading Co. Ltd.We are concentrating on sales and rental of top quality properties and real estate in and around Phuket, Thailand : condominiums, penthouses, detached bungalows/villas, office space, development land.
Lakeshore VillasWelcome to Lakeshore Villas and Townhomes, without a doubt the finest and most exclusive residential development on the island of Phuket.
Nirvana Pool Villas, PhuketNirvana is a private estate of 26 Thai-Balinese pool villas located on Phuket's exclusive West Coast, close to Bang Tao Beach with its many 5-star hotels, restaurants and golf course.
Layan Gardens - Tropical Island LivingSituated on a gentle sloping hillside in Layan overlooking several lakes, the beautiful valley and beaches of Layan and Bang Tao, the Laguna Phuket Golf Course and the Cherngtalay Hills beyond, Layan Gardens really is an oasis of tranquillity. Yet it is only minutes from all the amenities and facilities you would need.
Audio Visual Creations Co. Ltd.Technology in the home is becoming more important than ever before. AVC has the experience and commitment to design, supply and maintain practical Smart systems that are easy to use everyday.
Private Villas in PhuketBeautiful new luxury villas with pools available for holiday rentals near Kata Beach in Phuket. Air conditioned and furnished to very high standards.
Phuket Property Search - Aston Group Asia Ltd.Phuket Property Search will be with you every step of the way. From finding you the correct Real Estate all the way through to you receiving the keys/deeds. As part of Aston Group Asia Ltd we are able to assist you in the setting up of Offshore Company Formations, Offshore Banking and Investments. Phuket Property Search can also assist you with financing, subject to meeting certain criteria.
The Woodlands, PhuketWoodlands Phuket: property and homes for sale close to Dulwich College in Phuket, Thailand.
Phuket Boat Lagoon Park ResidencePhuket Boat Lagoon Park Residence has 4 housing property styles to suit your preference. Horizon House, Rainbow House, Aurora House and Corona House are all ready to comfort you with the total relaxation and happiness to fit your liftstyle.
Ayudhya Real Estate, PhuketAyudhya Real Estate Brokers represents a well structured interlocutor that can help you to find a temporary accommodation or making a remunerative investment in Phuket. The best selection of Lands, Villas, and Houses for sale and lease.
Grove Gardens, PhuketGrove Gardens is an exclusive residential complex situated on prestigious Cape Yamu on Phuket's East Coast. The luxury resort style development offers superb town homes and apartments with spacious modern accommodation and island lifestyle. The clubhouse features a restaurant and bar, convenience store and reception.
Prince Edouard Patong Seaview Apartments, PhuketPrince Edouard is located on a hillside with fantastic view over Patong Bay, just five minutes from the beach. The elegant, spacious apartments are equipped with a contemporay mixture of Chinese, Burmese and French empire style furniture.
Serenity Terraces, PhuketSerenity Terraces offers homes (apartments, penthouses and villas) for sale in a beautiful beachfront location on the island of Phuket. Full 5-star facilities include a large clubhouse and pool, with a gym, spa, bar and restaurant. The project will be professionally managed to include an optional resort-style rental scheme.
Indigo Real Estate, PhuketIndigo Real Estate specializes in premium properties on the main West Coast beaches of Kamala, Surin, Bangtao, laguna phuket and the area to the North called Natai Beach. Being a traditional agent our range of re-sale properties is extensive from 1 bedroom apartments through to luxury villas and exclusive land plots and beach properties.
West Sands Property Development, PhuketWest Sands is a property development of luxury Phuket villas and apartments. It is situated on Mai Khao Beach in the northwest of Phuket. Many different types of property are available.
Villa Benyasiri, PhuketVilla Benyasiri is situated over 50 meters above sea level on the top of a secluded peninsula with stunning panoramic views to the West over the Andaman Sea and South over Na Ka Ley and Patong Bay. As part of the seven villa private Samsara Estate, Villa Benyasiri is a luxury modern villa featuring expansive living and entertainment areas. The villa is available for rental between US$750 & US$1,500 per day.
Phuket Property FinderPhuket Property Finder - real estate, houses and land for sale. We are a property agency based in Phuket.
Puravarna, PhuketNow, a six-star resort that will offer luxury and service without peer - and an unrivalled opportunity for investors who believe in sophistication, pure opulence and the allure of the elite- is taking shape on Phuket. One resort that will enrich lifestyles and inspire dreams like no others can. Its name: Puravarna.
Phuket Value PropertiesPhuket Value Properties aims to provide you with the best value property for money based on your budget and your requirements, whether they are based on investment, residential or specific requirements like ocean view, close to a marina or Golf club, private pool etc.
BYD Lofts PhuketBYD Lofts Phuket offers trendy fully serviced apartments, close to the beach, for a short holiday or long term rental. 5 storey, low-rise building with elevator, which contains 19 spectacular one and two-bedroom apartments, each featuring very spacious living areas.
KhaoLakVillas.comOur Khao Lak Villa real estate projects offer you the opportunity to own a villa-style dream house with garden in the tropical paradise of Bangniang beach, only 150 meters away from shore. Khao Lak is a new and very popular travel destination, located about 90 km in northern direction from Phuket airport on Thailand's west coast.
Luna PhuketOnly 15 minutes from the airport and adjacent to the Laguna Village resort and the Sheraton and Banyan Tree Hotels the 3 bedroom and 3 bathroom luxury garden villas at Luna Phuket offer a wonderful lifestyle with total privacy and exclusivity and superb value for money.
Katamanda, PhuketSituated between the Kata beaches on the southwestern side of Phuket island, KATAMANDA affords privacy while still being close to luxury hotels, fine restaurants and shopping facilities.
Phuket-Rentals.comPhuket-Rentals.com is a leading Vacation Rental website for the Island of Phuket Thailand. If you're looking to rent a house, condo or apartment in Phuket, this is the place. Phuket-Rentals.com offers the widest variety of accommodations on the island of Phuket Thailand.
Tropical Homes Real Estate, PhuketWe offer a complete range of properties, new developments and re-sales. We also have land plots available throughout Phuket and the surrounding area. Unlike many real estate brokers in Phuket we are not tied into particular developers and are therefore able to offer entirely unbiased advice.
Phuket Property Search - Aston Group Asia Ltd.Phuket Property Search will be with you every step of the way. From finding you the correct Real Estate all the way through to you receiving the keys/deeds. As part of Aston Group Asia Ltd we are able to assist you in the setting up of Offshore Company Formations, Offshore Banking and Investments. Phuket Property Search can also assist you with financing, subject to meeting certain criteria.
Phuket Marbella Property ManagementPhuket Marbella is a Property Sales and Management Company offering sales and rentals of residential and commercial properties. One of the largest selections of Phuket villas, property and land to buy online.
Baan Yamu, PhuketBaan Yamu, Phuket, is a beautiful, low density, residential community that blends in with the environment and maximizes sea views and privacy for all owners. Baan Yamu is created by the same team that developed the stylish and much talked about Twinpalms Hotel in Phuket.
Nakatani Group, PhuketThe Nakatani Group is a property development company based in Phuket, Thailand that specializes in developing luxurious ocean view communities to international standards.
Huset Co. Ltd., PhuketHuset is a Real Estate Agency, Business and Property consultant in Phuket, Thailand. Mediates sale and rental of sites and real estate as well as parcellation, plot, design and construction.
Phuket Investments, ThailandWhether you are going to work here, just enjoy a long vacation, or live here after retiring, Phuket Investments is your guideline to finding the right place to rent, buy or develop.
Private Villas in PhuketBeautiful new luxury villas with pools available for holiday rentals near Kata Beach in Phuket. Air conditioned and furnished to very high standards.
Phuket Four Villas ResidenciesPhuket Four Villas Residencies offer luxury villas of 5 star quality for holiday vacation for long term, short term or for sale on Phuket. The Villas's are either 2 or 3 bedroom and furnished to a very high standard similar to that of a 5 star hotel. Each villas is built in a modern Balinese style and has its own private pool in its own walled tropical garden.
Residence Edouard, Patong, PhuketA quite apartment style residence situated in a side street not far from Patong Beach, providing all the comforts of a hotel with the privacy of your own accomodation at reasonable rates, starting at US$ 15 per night.
The Rawana, PhuketRawana is a tranquil, gated development in Rawai, Phuket of luxury villas and houses. There are five designs available for purchase in an estate for which all infrastructure is already in place. Many of the plots have sea views. With a sales office on site, visitors are welcomed to inspect the show houses.
Pantipa Spa Villa and Resort, Phuket12 unique 2-3 bedroom spa villas are your place to combine pleasure with economical advantages. Villa development is nestled in a hillside tropical forest environment with a spectacular sea view. Split by a natural waterfall, is it the perfect setting for a relaxing and romantic hideaway.
Try to get his or her insights if you happen to know someone who has bought a real estate property in Thailand.
Basically, there are a lot of Thai houses and condos available for you to choose from in Thailand. By employing the services of a real estate agent in Thailand, you get to resolve the language barrier issue in your quest to finding a good real estate.
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Domestic vs. Refugee Foster Care
There are some significant differences between domestic foster care and refugee foster care:
Domestic Foster Care
Refugee Foster Care
Newborn -
18 y.o
typically 16-17 y.o
Mostly males
Reunification with birth parents, unless parental rights have been terminated.
living once they age out of the system at the age of 21 y.o
Parental Visits
If parental rights have not been terminated,
the frequency of the required visits depends on the child's age.
No parental visits. Birth parents are either deceased or "missing" outside of the U.S.
Adoption Eligibility
If parental rights have been terminated by a court, the child becomes eligible for adoption.
Not eligible for adoption, because birth parents rights were never terminated.
Place of Origin
Anywhere in the U.S.
Prior to coming to the U.S,
refugee foster children live in refugee camps all around the world.
They are only brought to the US once they have matched with a licensed family.
Most Muslim refugee foster kids,
are currently coming from Africa and the Far East.
None are coming from the Middle East at this time.
Trauma Experienced
Varies greatly. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect,
substance abuse,
removal from family.
Same as domestic, as well as new country,
new language,
new culture,
likely to have experienced exposure to war.
Likely to have experienced interrupted schooling.
Likely to have missed many years of formal schooling.
Licensing Procedure
3-6 months starting with an orientation.
Same as domestic, plus minor additional steps, such as TB screening for the foster parents.
Cannot travel outside the state of residence without the consent of birth parents.
Cannot travel outside the state of residence without the permission of the court.
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• Accessibility
• Technology
Screen Readers 101- What You Need to Know
Last week, while giving a presentation on digital marketing, I was discussing how important it is to communicate to all segments of your audience properly. Accommodating users with accessibility needs will improve both your ability to reach all of your customers and your website's SEO. Accessibility guidelines give you a common-sense structure which presents your digital content in a manner that is easier for everyone to consume.
In my presentation, I mentioned that screen readers are a useful tool that can help determine if your site is accessible to all users. I was met with some confusion and realized afterward that the majority of my audience had never heard of screen readers prior to my presentation. Since May is accessibility month, I thought it might be helpful to provide an overview of how screen readers can improve the experience and accessibility of your site.
Put simply, a screen reader is a form of assistive software that interprets pieces of information on a webpage (text, images, links) and translates them to a format that can be consumed by users with visual impairments (text-to-speech, speakers, headphones, or braille). For a list of free screen readers, click here.
Things you need to consider when using a screen reader:
1. Properly setting up heading tags
Headings must be functional and not just used as design elements. When used properly, headings can help organize your site and improve user experience. Screen readers use the heading structure to navigate through content on your site, moving from <h1> to <h2>, and so forth.
Examples of proper use:
• Use <h1> for the main title of each page. Avoid using <h1> for anything other than the title of the website and the title of individual pages.
• Do not skip heading tags (e.g., go from an <h1> to an <h3>), as screen reader users will assume there is missing content.
2. Include proper alt tags for images
Alt tags should be added to help users understand what an image is trying to convey and its relevance in context with the page. Sometimes, images are used purely for aesthetic purposes (like on a blog post). In this case, make sure you either provide a quick description of the picture or skip over it entirely as it could cause confusion for the reader. If an image includes text, the text should also be included within the alt tag.
3. Give links unique and descriptive names
Those using a screen reader interact with web pages similarly to everyone else- they scan pages for links to click through and pay attention to descriptive text. With this in mind, each link on your website should have corresponding text describing where the link will take the user. This means simple terms like “Read More” or “See More Here” will create accessibility issues. Writing “click here to learn more about our products” is more valuable than “Learn about our products by clicking our Products page”.
4. Be careful with colour
Previously on our blog we discussed how meeting AODA colour contrast standards can improve your business and revealed that a significant portion of the population has a form of colour deficiency. When it comes to the use of colour, websites must have distinguishable content, meaning colours must accommodate people with limited colour vision or colour blindness. You can run your website through a free colour contrast checker to ensure it is accessible.
5. Ensure forms are designed for accessibility
Unlabeled form fields will likely be overlooked by a screen reader. Ensure you have descriptive labels and use a <label tag> to provide field descriptions. If a form contains mandatory fields, indicate that they are mandatory in the label. You can test if your forms are built correctly by running them through a screen reader on your beta site.
6. Try and ensure a keyboard can access all content logically
Many users with accessibility needs can only interact with a website using their keyboard, pressing the tab button to navigate through the site in order of what content appears first. This means that the journey through your website should be built in a logical way for someone to tab continuously through each heading, text block, image, etc. If there is long-form text on your site, anchors should be created so users can skip large passages or easily find sections that are relevant to them.
Additionally, be wary of content that only becomes active when a mouse hovers over it. For example, when menu items only reveal a sub-menu upon hover. Of course, keyboard interactions do not behave this way, so each menu item must be coded to ensure users can tab through them.
Using a screen reader may seem challenging at first, but it is our job as designers to make the web accessible for everyone. In January 2021, all websites must meet AODA accessibility standards (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 Level AA). Give us a call and we can check if your website is screen reader-friendly and provide feedback on how you can make your website AODA compliant for the 2021 deadline.
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No water or electricity? How primitive is it?
Saturday’s post about dry camping was unintentionally misleading. And we promptly received feedback from some of you faithful readers about this. It seems I may have provided an overly stark description of the conditions when dry camping. But, in fact, there isn’t much primitive to it. After all, we are living in a fully self-contained and very capable recreational vehicle. We aren’t roughing it, even these past seven days. As Debbie reminded me at supper this evening, even dry camping in our Airstream is still pretty luxurious.
In the interest of fair and balanced reporting, I’m going to detail better what I meant when I talked Saturday about our week of dry camping. Here’s an excerpt from Saturday’s post:
“This has been easy camping, although not far different from what we usually would do. We can’t use the microwave. We use a small portable inverter to convert 12vdc to 110vac for someone’s curling iron and to recharge the laptop. And we can watch television if we want, again using the same 150 watt inverter. Everything else is battery-powered. After completing five and starting the sixth day we have remaining 10 gallons fresh water (we have used 29 gallons). We have 1/2 tank each in black water and rinse water. Our batteries are fully charged. It seems we could go at least another two days at the current rate of water usage.”
Okay, so what did I leave out? Actually, I left a lot to the imagination. I ignored a pretty basic rule of writing, where the writer remembers who is reading the story. A couple of you told us we sound as though we might not have water enough to provide bathing and cooking, for example. And some of you wondered what does the battery power provide, different from when we are connected to electricity? We can see how yesterday’s post left out some really important details. The problem is this: we forget we aren’t writing to ourselves. Said another way, I understand exactly what I meant but I am not writing well if I don’t help all of you understand what I want you to hear.
I’m going to take another pass at describing the end of our week of dry camping starting first about our water consumption. At the end of the week we had used an average of five gallons daily of fresh water for drinking, cooking, cleaning up, and flushing our toilet. We would have used more but sometimes would use the campground’s very nice washroom and showers. Our water consumption would probably have increased by at least two gallons daily if we had not used the campground’s washroom and showers. We would have used all 39 gallons of our fresh water tank in this week. We would then have pulled the trailer to a nearby drinking water faucet, connected our hose to the threaded faucet and refilled our 39 gallon fresh water tank.
The amount of the trailer’s stored fresh water we consume pretty directly impacts the rate at which we fill the toilet’s waste tank, called the black tank, and the shower’s and sinks’ waste tank, called the rinse water tank. The black tank will hold 18 gallons and the rinse tank will hold 39 gallons. Since we start with both waste tanks empty and only have 39 gallons of fresh water, we won’t fill both waste tanks at once. In fact, at the end of over 5 days we had poured some part of almost 30 gallons of fresh water between the black and rinse water tanks. Since their combined capacity is 57 gallons, we had filled the two waste tanks only by one-half.
Our electronic tank monitoring system displays for us the water level in the three water tanks, the fresh water and the two waste tanks. It warned us we had only one-fourth of the fresh water available (almost 10 gallons) and we had filled the two waste tanks approximately 1/2 full each. If the fresh water tank reading is accurate (we think it is, since I calibrated these not long ago) then the readings for the other two tanks make sense. The numbers work out. Sometimes things are like they seem, and it is good.
It appears we would have run out of fresh water before the waste tanks filled up. We could, in short order, hitch up the trailer to our truck and tow the trailer the several hundred feet to the water hydrant to refill the tank. Some people carry 7 gallon fresh water jugs and others carry a larger water bag (sort of like an inflatable bed or water bed) to bring a resupply of fresh water to their trailer. We haven’t had much experience dry camping and, so far, haven’t minded moving the trailer to the water source.
But if our waste tanks filled first we would tow our trailer to the dump station, empty our tanks, and return to the campsite for another five days. Some of the people in the state park carried with them a portable blue rolling tank to help manage their waste tanks. They can empty the trailer’s black or rinse water tank into these portable “honey pots” and tow the honey pot to the campground’s dump station. They can empty the honey pot, rinse the connections, and their camper will go another three or four or five days before they repeat this aromatic chore.
Okay, now a brief description of the electric side of things. We have friends who are very experienced solar charged battery managers. They contend they can use their trailer’s batteries to power anything they want pretty much all they want to. And their batteries will hold up to all this use. We haven’t enjoyed this much battery power. Our system is apparently more modest, with two heavy duty 6 volt batteries wired in series to provide the 12 volts our trailer needs. What needs this power?
Our Airstream uses battery power in several different ways. Perhaps two of the most important are the trailer’s gas detector and the refrigerator automatic control. The water heater uses battery power for its ignition and automatic controls. Our tank monitoring system needs battery power if we are going to be able to determine how much fresh water we have or how much space we have in our waste tanks. The trailer’s water pump is battery-powered, and delivers a wonderful brisk water pressure to our faucets and shower head. My ham radio uses battery power so I can listen and transmit on the amateur radio bands. Our laptops, phone, and camera batteries use the trailer’s battery power to recharge them. Did I mention I am listening to our FM stereo radio while I’m typing this? Yes, it uses the trailer’s battery power too.
Would you have guessed the trailer’s batteries can do all this? Oh! What about the trailer’s interior lighting? We have four reading lights we can aim for best reading illumination. Two are at the sofa and two are above the head of our bed. We have a dozen bright ceiling lights we use whenever we lose something under the table or on the floor somewhere, or when we are cleaning the inside of or Airstream. We have two downlights shining down onto the sofa area to help with reading or working on the laptop like I’m doing now. We have eleven lights inside our four overhead storage bins to help find stuff there and to help provide indirect lighting into our Airstream’s interior.
Our washroom has two light bulbs in its fixture, and the vanity has three bright light bulbs so someone can do the detailed work she doesn’t really need but likes to keep up. Our clothes closets each have a light fixture. And our two cargo compartments (our basements, sort of) each have a light fixture. We have downlights for the kitchen’s work surface, shining down onto our dinette, and in the range hood to illuminate the stove’s cooking surface. Our refrigerator has an interior light. And we have a light fixture outside, above our door.
A lot of lights, isn’t it? And these are all powered from the trailer’s two batteries. If we are dry camping, how long will the batteries last, with all these things drawing power from them? Not all these appliances and lights are on at the same time. Some evenings we will use only one or two lights at a time. The batteries will last anywhere from a few hours to a day or so, unless we can recharge the batteries periodically. If we cannot plug into electricity to power our trailer’s battery charger, then we have two other ways to recharge our batteries. One is the really nifty portable 1000 watt Yamaha generator we have and have needed once in four years.
The other way we can keep our batteries charged is with our two big solar panels mounted on top of our Airstream’s roof. These have kept our batteries recharged perfectly for the past week, and the solar panels do this without charging us a thing no matter how much electricity we use. The sun can shine brightly or it can shine through clouds, and the solar panels still provide a charge on our batteries. So we are never really without electricity, as long as we have either an electrical outlet, or solar power, or our generator.
But if all these battery-powered systems happened to not work, then what? We have candles, a portable battery powered lantern, and flashlights. We can draw water directly from the fresh water tank, using a small bucket we carry. And we can buy a cooler to help our food stay cold if the fridge stops working. We’ll have to eat the ice cream before it melts. And there’s the beer and wine we can drink, too.
You might see, after this explanation, we have back-ups for our back-ups, and if all those fail, we have a back-up plan. If we don’t have electrical power, we can charge the batteries with solar power. If the solar panels don’t work because of rain or too much shade from trees, we can use the generator to charge the batteries. And if the generator also won’t work and we can’t move the trailer to a sunny spot or somewhere with electricity, then we’ll just have to eat the ice cream before it melts. And if we run out of water, we’ll have to drink orange juice, and milk, and beer, or go find some water somewhere.
How did we ever get by when we were tent camping? We plan ahead. We’re versatile and flexible and creative. And things haven’t been very primitive. Like Debbie said, even dry camping in our Airstream is still luxurious.
3 responses to “No water or electricity? How primitive is it?
1. Well written!! I’m still a little confused on the inverter. Does it use the unit’s battery power and convert it to 110v? Did this come with your Airstream, or are you using an aftermarket system? If using the TV for very long, or your HAM radio, could you run out of battery capacity? The obivous answer is yes, so you must use conservation in your entertainment power usage. I am surprised the inverter would power a hair dryer!
I like the back-up to the back-ups. Ol’ Wally knew what he was doing!!
Our batteries are shot, and must be replaced, but we don’t have the space capacity for taller batteries due to the front bed cargo storage, so will probably get the highest capacity we can in the available space. The solar panels intrigue me, and once we can retire, I want to explore options.
This is an excellent presentation of dry camping to those of us who have never experienced it in an RV. I have read about small windmills that could also provide power. And having the small generator is not only logical, it’s the smart thing to do, if one has space.
Well done, Jim!!!!!
• Barry,
We have not run out of battery but have seen the voltage dip down a bit after an evening of usage. You’re correct, the solution is in conservation of the battery capacity. But the television uses very little battery power. The ham radio, when I am transmitting at 100 watts, uses a lot of battery power. And no, our inverter (110 volts ac, 150 watts) will not power our hair dryer but does power Deb’s curling iron.
Thanks for your comments,
2. Perhaps it is just of mix of words and definitions, but we consider what you do as boondocking. We camp in our motorhome in many locations where there are no hook-ups available and we use the resources we have on board. We found this to be helpful in describing the different types of camping:
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dclm_baseline
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{'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9478389024734496}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '73115', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PHKFK65T5ZFLPJRYGNED6VXRTNOUFEK2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:871424b8-a8f0-4f87-b17c-2bbaef502428>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 4, 41, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AMNIWNIUGFT2KWKT4NY3JKXL7W2OKOTE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f3e8f10c-1a2f-4b53-bf33-1b403eaf35d9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://dreamstreamr.wordpress.com/2009/05/24/no-water-or-electricity-how-primitive-is-it/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:be8c386a-15ab-4c22-b93a-70c7046b7684>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2202', 'url': 'https://dreamstreamr.wordpress.com/2009/05/24/no-water-or-electricity-how-primitive-is-it/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin ([email protected])\r\nhostname: ip-10-109-209-241.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023174405097961426', 'original_id': '4081af16cbd97c87652433e11150f196e7a424cd0c3eb7eb232347a633b0ee1a'}
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The Kind of Love You Deserve by Jeff Foster
More than anything, we long to be seen.
To be held in a safe, nonjudgemental, all-accepting presence.
To be seen through loving eyes.
And ‘being seen’ is what we fear the most.
More than death, we fear intimacy’s piercing gaze.
And yearn for it all the same.
It takes such courage to show yourself!
To take off your mask, when you look and feel your worst to take off your mask (the one that was suffocating you anyway) and to say, “Look. Look. Here I am, world”.
To let yourself be seen
before you’re ready.
When you feel the most rotten, the most dirty, the most wretched and unloveable, the most unevolved, the most boring, the most confused and lonely and broken and sad and angry and hurt, to let yourself be seen there.
There, in that sore, shameful place.
Let light in.
Come out of hiding and invite someone into your ‘private’ world.
Let them witness the real, authentic you.
Before that pitiful defence called ‘personality’.
Say, “Look. Look, friend. Here I am”.
Take the risk of being loved!
The risk of being rejected, yes.
The risk of being shamed again, laughed at again, ridiculed again, maybe.
The risk of being seen as a failure. As sick, or broken, or ugly, or weak.
But the risk of being loved?
Yes. Take the risk today because life is short, and it’s exhausting trying to repress your authentic self. Let yourself be witnessed in the raw. The vulnerable you. The you without protection, without answers, without expertise. The imperfect you.
Because the deepest shame is only healed in love’s light.
And your flaws were always longing to be touched with an awareness so tender that it would birth entire universes to find itself.
And you can fall now into the arms of a loving friend.
Who will hold you.
Naked. Unprotected. Imperfect.
Just as you are.
This is the kind of love you deserve.
True human love which is also God’s love.
The kind of love that bathes you in gentleness when you feel the most ashamed, the most frightened, the most lost.
When you feel the smallest.
A huge love that holds you.
Never settle for less.
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dclm_baseline
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My chihuahua Macho is a little weird. He's kind of afraid of any toy that makes a sound. But my Santa was awesome and sent him two of his favorite types of toys. Rope! Thanks so much from both my and Macho.
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '118246dd17ec6c6824b54c1d1e6f25d380a2d52958a63b0073d51ab74d8af320'}
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Clustering and Distributed Net software reviews
openMosix kernel-2.4.26Clustering and Distributed Net
openMosix is a Linux kernel extension for single-system image clusteringGPL (GNU General Public License)
Mantaray 2.0Clustering and Distributed Net
MantaRay project is an innovative open-source data messaging project that was designed to address the continuously changing structureMPL (Mozilla Public License)
Warsync 0.9.8Clustering and Distributed Net
Warsync is the program that initiates replication between the Warsync server and it's clientsGPL (GNU General Public License)
ComputeMode 1.5Clustering and Distributed Net
ComputeMode project is an Icatis product that extends an organization's Computational Grid through aggregation of unused computiFree To Use But Restricted
Linux Replicated High Availability Manager 1.2.4Clustering and Distributed Net
The Linux Replicated High Availability Manager (aka Linuxha.net) allows the creation of clusters for application high availability thGPL (GNU General Public License)
PyLinda 0.5.1Clustering and Distributed Net
Linda is an widely studied distributed computing environment, centered around the notion of a tuple spaceGPL (GNU General Public License)
FreeHA 1.0Clustering and Distributed Net
FreeHA is designed to provide a free, portable, and easy to use (compared to alternatives) program to run nodes in a high availabilitGPL (GNU General Public License)
cexec 1.26Clustering and Distributed Net
cexec is a software for building ad-hoc clusters.
To install cexec, you need to first build it (type make) then copy the executablGPL (GNU General Public License)
Open MPI 1.0.2Clustering and Distributed Net
Open MPI is a project combining technologies and resources from several other projects (FT-MPI, LA-MPI, LAM/MPI, and PACX-MPI) in ordBSD License
Kent Retargettable Occam Compiler 1.4.1-pre4Clustering and Distributed Net
Kent Retargettable Occam Compiler is a multi-platform Occam 2.1 compiler that is designed to allow the Occam programming language toGPL (GNU General Public License)
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': 'a2e5f586f4f9289e29d7168b64d52f093ec74ade0402dd3c128498be0ed16957'}
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Reeds And Rushes
Reeds and Rushes are marginal plants that are naturally found are the edges of lakes and rivers, making them an ideal selection for water gardens. They add a vertical dimension to the pond given their height and there are a nice variety to choose from. They also attract wildlife such as butterflies, small birds and dragonflies, which enhances the natural feel to a water garden. Some of the most popular rushes and reeds for ponds are:
White Rush
Blue Rush
Corkscrew Rush
Dwarf Bamboo
Manna Grass
Sedge Plant
Spike Rush
Umbrella Grass
Zebra Rush
Variegated Reed
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dclm_baseline
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Days of our Lives: September 26 Live Thoughts
Days of our Lives: September 26 Live Thoughts
Days of our Lives begins with Umar Abboud in Nick's apartment. He rehashes that Artemis and DeMarquette's father is a powerful man from Sudan.
At the pub, Doug, Hope, Marlena, John and Julie read the last of the letters between Coleen and Santo, which bring us the requisite, sepia-toned flashback to the past. Santo goes to the church to finds Coleen there. She tells him that she can't keep living in both worlds any longer. Her faith is guiding her.
Nick lies to Umar that the boys are with a sitter who lives in the building. Nick challenges him to knock on every door in the building, and Umar and tells them they are making a grave mistake. He calls out to the boys, and they emerge from their bedroom.
In the past, Coleen accepts Santo's marriage proposal. They hug and kiss in a manner inappropriate for a nun-to-be. By accepting the proposal, she has left the church.
Lucas tells Sami to leave right now, for him. But Andre says that if she leaves, he'll kill all three of his hostages. Sami offers herself as a hostage if he lets Lucas and EJ go. She says that she is way more valuable to her family than they are and will be more willing to cooperate with him.
Umar offers Nick money for the care that he's given the boys. Umar punches Nick out and tries to leave, but Jeremy runs out and tackles Umar.
Lucas pleads with Sami not to risk her life. While they're talking, Andre rips the duct tape off of EJ's mouth, who also asks Andre to let her go. But Andre gives her a gun and prompts her to kill one of them AGAIN. Haven't we already seen this scene, like, a million times? Days of our Lives really does excel at repetition, doesn't it?
The band of letter-readers continue at the pub. Flashback to the past and bad Irish accents. Coleen is still praying at church. She has called her brother over to the church, when Santo appears. Santo is a bit upset that Coleen hasn't told her family yet. He also gives her a fabulous ring as a reminder of the life they will have together.
Andre has given Sami a gun, and she points it at him. She can't shoot him, though, because he is the only one who knows where Roman is. EJ tells her to shoot him. Why can't she just shoot one of them in the leg or something? Andre already told her that there's only one bullet. No one would believe that she's a good shot anyway. She raises the gun and pulls the trigger, but Andre looks like she pushed him while she was shooting. The bullet found Lucas' leg. Sami is so furious with Andre and beats him and knocks him unconscious. Couldn't she have done that earlier? She finds a knife on him and cuts EJ free so he can call 911. Lucas is furious with Sami for shooting him because he was expecting her to shoot EJ.
Jeremy has pulled a gun on Umar and is questioning him. Nick and Chelsea calm Jeremy down so he puts down the gun. Nick's neighbor who has been knocking on the door says he's going to call the cops. Umar escapes.
Andre wakes up and runs away. EJ goes after him, while Sami applies a tourniquet to Lucas' leg. Roman is still trying to break out of his coffin, but to no avail. The suspense, she is killing me.
Jeremy leaves to evade the cops. Chelsea says she won't call the police, but Jeremy doesn't believe her.
Lucas wants to know why Sami needs EJ. She says that she read the folio and the terms for ending the vendetta involve both of them.
In the past, Coleen tells the priest that she does not want to become a nun. She says that she's found her true vocation, which is being a wife and mother, so she'll be leaving the convent.
Jeremy finally leaves, and Chelsea tells Nick that she's really proud of him. She kisses him lightly on the cheek, and when he tries for more, she pulls away.
The paramedics take Lucas to the hospital. Sami tells EJ that it's all up to them to end the vendetta and that it has been since the day they were born. They go to look for Stefano.
Back in jolly old Oireland, Coleen and her father fight. He tells her that she is bringing disgrace upon the family, but she stood her ground. Grandpa Shawn, who is a young boy, is witnessing all of this. Coleen decides to end it the only way that she knows how. She leaves the family, disowned by her father, as young Gramps begs her not to go. She shows them all the engagement ring that Santo gave her. She gives it to the priest to use it for the good of the church and the needy. In the present, Marlena thinks that it was the Bradys who started the vendetta and not the DiMeras, because only the Bradys hated Santo enough to stop his wedding to Coleen.
Next on Days of our Lives: Sami tells EJ about the folio, Stefano confronts Gramps.
-Debbie Chang, BuddyTV Staff Writer
(Image courtesy of NBC)
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dclm_baseline
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Keep Yourself Healthy With This Terrific Nutrition Guidance
Practicing good nutrition is a very easy thing to follow if you know what you are doing. Unfortunately, what is "right" when it comes to eating well isn't always easy to discern; labeling variations, misinformation, contradictory reports and other inconsistencies can make it difficult to decide what you should be eating. Here are some quick tips on what you should do to make being healthy a lifestyle.
Choose fruits and veggies for snacks instead of processed simply click the up coming internet site . Processed snack foods have very few vitamins, minerals and nutritional value, while fruits and veggies have essential nutrients. You can eat until full when eating veggies and fruits and get more nutrition than eating a smaller amount of processed foods.
Eat lots of broccoli! Broccoli is a fantastic way to get your vitamins, especially vitamin K. Eating a single medium-sized stalk of broccoli takes care of your daily vitamin K requirement. Also, it boasts nearly two days' allotment of vitamin C. These nutrients help build healthy bones and might reduce cancer risks. To get the most nutritional bang for your broccoli, don't boil it or use the microwave. Use the steamer instead.
Consume whole grains as a regular part of your diet. Whole grains have been proven to reduce your risk of heart disease and diabetes. They have the ability to help collagen peptides in osteoarthritis maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Avoid over-processed white bread products and instead, choose whole grains.
Vegetarians and vegans may want to supplement their diets with B12. Diets without meat and dairy may be missing on some essential nutrients. A deficiency can cause food malabsorption, fatigue, and a host of other problems. If you are concerned about your nutrient intake, consider seeing your doctor for routine blood-work.
To add some flavor to your meals, fresh herbs are a wonderful option. You can grow them yourself in your kitchen, or you can buy them fresh from your local farmers market or . Adding herbs to your meals will add a ton of flavor to your cooking.
Start substituting brown rice for white rice at meal times and while cooking. Studies show that eating brown rice can lower your chance of getting Type 2 diabetes by as much as 11 percent. Some of the benefits of brown rice are that it is high in fiber, magnesium and other nutrients that your body needs.
The best way to maximize your nutritional program is to effectively balance your foods. For example, a good pairing for breakfast would be oatmeal, a complex carbohydrate and eggs, which are pure protein. This combination burns in your body effectively since they two items play off of each other which maximizes their individual properties.
If you have a child who is a picky eater and you are worried that they aren't getting enough nutrition, try hiding vegetables in other foods. Use pumpkin or zucchini in muffins, or puree carrots and apples in a pasta sauce. There are lots of ways to sneak fruits and vegetables into snack foods for your child.
Fish oil is a great supplement. These fatty oils aren't in other meats. These fats are healthy and help reduce inflammation and lower cholesterol. If you cannot eat fish frequently, try taking the capsules.
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dclm_baseline
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\section{Immediate Successor is Unique in Toset}
Tags: Total Orderings
\begin{theorem}
Let $(S, \preceq)$ be a totally ordered set.
Let $x, y \in S$.
Suppose that $y$ is an immediate successor of $x$.
Then $y$ is the ''only'' immediate successor of $x$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
{{AimForCont}} that $x$ has another immediate successor, $z ≠ y$.
Then by definition:
:$x \prec y$
:$x \prec z$
Since $\preceq$ is a total ordering and $y ≠ z$:
:$y \prec z$ or $z \prec y$.
If $y \prec z$ then $x \prec y \prec z$, contradicting the fact that $z$ is an immediate successor of $x$.
If $z \prec y$ then $x \prec z \prec y$, contradicting the fact that $y$ is an immediate successor of $x$.
Thus we conclude that there can be no such $z$.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
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math_pile
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Sunday, March 7, 2010
The Phenomenal Woman
On March 8 the world is celebrating International Women's Day, a day to commemorate women's achievements around the world, especially in the advancement of equality, justice and peace. Basically, this day is a celebration of womanhood.
As we celebrate this special day, let us reflect on the courage and determination of women who made sacrifices to advance our cause.
On a personal side, I would like to honor the special women in my life: my friends, mentors, and most especially, my mother.
Phenomenal Woman
- Maya Angelou
Pretty women wonder where my secret lies.
I'm not cute or built to suit a fashion model's size
But when I start to tell them,
They think I'm telling lies.
I say,
It's in the reach of my arms
The span of my hips,
The stride of my step,
The curl of my lips.
I'm a woman
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.
I walk into a room
Just as cool as you please,
And to a man,
The fellows stand or
Falls down on their knees.
Then they swarm around me,
A hive of honey bees.
I say,
It's the fire in my eyes,
And the flash of my teeth,
The swing in my waist,
And the joy in my feet.
I'm a woman
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.
Men themselves have wondered
What they see in me.
They try so much
But they can't touch
My inner mystery.
When I try to show them,
They say they still can't see.
I say,
It's in the arch of my back,
The sun of my smile,
The ride of my breasts,
The grace of my style.
I'm a woman
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.
Now you understand
Just why my head's not bowed.
I don't shout or jump about
Or have to talk real loud.
When you see me passing
It ought to make you proud.
I say,
It's in the click of my heels,
The bend of my hair,
The palm of my hand,
The need for my care,
'Cause I'm a woman
Phenomenal woman,
That's me.
Orangesplaash said...
Great quote, very inspirational. Wish you a happy women's day too!!
Dorothy L said...
I so love the inspiration that floods the Internet on Woman's Day.
It is even nicer to hear other women supporting the cause of being strength in numbers. In the world of challenges that we live in today....we most certainly can use all of the strength we can get.
Awesome ode to Woman's Day girl.
I am planning a trip to Florida actually mid my 6 months will be up at the end of April and I want to keep my Green card legitimate. Also I have many friends that are waiting to see me.
I do understand that I have not missed much in this past Florida winter though...I must have brought the warmth here because we have had a record warm winter.
It has been an awesome homecoming :)
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Q:
Why I get this 0 as answer for (1/10) in Python?
I am trying this in Python 2.7 Interpreter.
>>> print 1/10
0
>>> print float(1/10)
0.0
>>> print 1/5
0
>>> a = 1/5
>>> a
0
>>> float(a)
0.0
>>>
I want a value in floating point when I divide. Any idea on the logic behind this zero out put and please let me know how to do it correctly.
A:
The float conversion is happening after the integer division. Try this:
>>> print(1.0/10)
0.1
A:
In Python 2.x, by default / means integer (truncating) division when used with two integer arguments. In Python 3.x, / always means float division, and // always means integer division. You can get the Python 3.x behaviour in 2.x using:
from __future__ import division
See PEP 238 for a full discussion of the division operators.
A:
You need to do something like:
print (1.0/10)
When you do:
print 1/10
It is evaluating it as 0 because it is treating it as an integer.
And when you do:
print float(1/10)
You take the stuff inside the float() and evalute that first so in essence you get:
print float(0)
Which would be 0.0
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mini_pile
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Spotlight Series: Kayleigh Gall of The Little Bunn
Kayleigh Gall is an illustrator who makes adorable stoner stickers, pins and tshirts. We came across her Instagram profile and fell in love with the cuteness. Without further ado, please meet Kayleigh Gall, the artist behind all your new fave stoner drawings.
How did you get involved in the cannabis industry?
As someone who has smoked for a couple of years, I've always been around cannabis. While hanging out with friends, someone mentioned that there isn't a lot of cute girly female empowerment representation for cannabis and I wanted to change that.
Tell us a little bit about your product or service
I offer numerous products which currently consist of stickers pins and buttons that help women flaunt their pride for cannabis.
I work a normal job during the day, and during the day I'll be doodling down ideas constantly on things to make to build out my shop. Usually I come home, fill orders, and work on new designs. I spend a lot of time on Instagram interacting with my follower base as well!
What is your vision for your company going forward?
I hope to expand and build more adorable and cute cannabis products that women will use in their daily lives! I want to integrate my products into stores that are 420 friendly and really reach who I'm not already able to reach through social media.
What was your first experience with cannabis like?
Oh man, this had to be over 10 years ago. I just remember after smoking, all my anxiety melting away and it just made me feel like a better person.
A lot of guidelines from numerous platforms holds me back from advertising and marketing, but I'm constantly trying to find ways around that!
What are some solutions you've found?
It's honestly something you just need to learn to work with and find you avenues that will allow your kind of posts to be searchable, promoted, and seen!
What is one thing you wish everyone knew about cannabis?
How helpful it is.
Via Instagram
Via Instagram
I may be a young new artist in the game, but I'm ready to take the cannabis industry by storm and expand my products.
What is your favorite way to consume cannabis?
My wax pen! It's always with me and I'm always using it. Sometimes though I will take a dab or smoke a blunt!
Concentrate or flower? Why?
Both, although I recently prefer concentrate. Using a wax pen is insanely discrete and honestly gets me higher than flower.
Yes, I do believe that with cannabis legalization the world would become safer. Crime rates are down and with the legalization in several states, the funding from taxes are helping out a lot of cities.
DO IT! Please, the cannabis industry could always use more women. We're here and we're behind you in everything you do. We're in this together!
Ways to connect with The Little Bunn
Instagram Handle: @lilxbun
Facebook Page Link:
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Artist: Hammer
There are numerous artists known as Hammer: 1. Finnish NSBM band 2. British heavy metal/NWOBHM band 3. Polish thrash/heavy metal band 4. Argentinian thrash metal band 5. Italian heavy metal band 6. Bay-area groove rock band 7. Japanese hardcore band 8. South Korean nu-metal band 9. British Grime emcee 10. 2 albums ("Black Sheep" & "Hammer") released by Jan Hammer in the late 1970s under the name Hammer. 11. Hammer was also used as a pseudonym by MC Hammer. ead more on
Similar Artists
Top Albums Hammer
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Prime Minister and BJP leader Narendra Modi addresses on the second day of the party''s two-day long National Council meeting at Ramlila Maidan in New Delhi, on Jan 12, 2019.
New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday dismissed the Opposition grand alliance as a "failed experiment" and said that parties are coming together to defeat "one man" to form a "majboor" (helpless) government for solely indulging in corruption while the country wants a "majboot" (strong) government.Asserting that there has not been a single scam in his government, he said this was proof that a government can be run without corruption.
In his valedictory remarks winding up the two-day BJP National Convention at the Ramlila Maidan here, he came down heavily on the opposition parties, saying there were aligning for their "self interest" while the BJP-led NDA government was fighting for the nation's interest.
"These days a campaign has been going on to promote mahagathbandhan which is a failed experiment of Indian political history. The parties, which were born protesting against the Congress, its working culture and its corrupt practices, are now uniting," Modi said in a direct attack on most of the regional parties which are forging a grand alliance with the Congress at the national level.
He told over 12,000 delegates including from top brass to district-level office bearers that these political parties were surrendering to the Congress at a time when the grand old party was at its lowest ebb and its leaders were out on bail in corruption cases."These parties (the regional parties), which had emerged as options against Congress, have betrayed the people's mandate and trust," he said.
The Prime Minister said that when such alliances take shape, the governments in those states work under political compulsions and cited the examples of recent developments in Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. "The Chief Minister of Karnataka (H.D. Kumaraswamy) is saying that he was working like a clerk and not as a Chief Minister. In Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, the governments are being threatened (by allies) to take back cases or face the consequences," he said calling these incidents as "trailers" of the grand alliance.
Modi said that politics is done on the basis of ideologies and alliances are made on visions but for the first time it is happening that "when all are uniting against one man". "You need to understand and make the people understand what is behind their intentions. They have joined hands to form a 'majboor' government because they do not want to see a strong government which has ended all the corrupt practices," he said.
"They want to do good to their families and relatives, while the country wants a strong government so that everyone can develop. They want a government which can broker in defence deals while the country wants a strong government to fulfil every need of the armed forces.
"They want a helpless government so that they can do scams in the name of farmers' loan waiver while we want a strong government to empower the farmer. They want a government so that the urea scam can happen, while we want a government so that the farmers get fertilizers on time and fair price of their crops," he said.
Referring to various alleged corruption cases like 2G, 3G and CWG of the UPA regime, the Prime Minister attacked the Congress and their allies and said his government was giving modern facilities to the children so that they can move forward in the field of sports with honesty and transparency.
"We want a strong government so that everyone in the country can take advantage of Digital India Mission, so that the country could feel proud on the success of Gaganyaan, so that the country gets benefits with the mines," he said.Referring to his government's ambitious Ayushmann Bharat Scheme, he said that his government was focussing to provide free treatment to 100 million families while the opposition wanted a government which could do scams in the healthcare sector.
Calling upon every party worker to ensure that his booth was strong, he said that nothing could stop the party from coming back to power in the coming elections."Last four years have taught us that nothing is impossible. We have made it possible. When we took over, we inherited a weak foundation. Today our foundation is getting stronger. Imagine what will happen if we get another five-year term," he said.
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '1520c19810d7bd26924f2f0509edf39ad1d6645bac9171edfa15317ccaba2aad'}
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Type to search
Topics covered:
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America's Immigration Crisis
The crisis at our southern border is really bothering me. Why are all these people coming to our country? It sickens me that they are using children as bait to be able to cross over. They believe that if they have a child with them they will just be released into the US and be free. Do we need new laws to fix this?
Back around 1900 immigration from Europe peaked. But we did things differently. The people came to our country on big boats and they were processed at Ellis Island. They had health checks and were immunized. Then they were asked some questions about their skills. The government decided where the immigrants went based on their skills. Many times companies would pay the government to send them workers.
Today isn't much different. We have a roaring economy and there are jobs everywhere. We also have a worker shortage. Why can't the government today do the same thing that they did back in 1900? This would solve a lot of problems.
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Friday, October 11, 2013
Am I Curvy?
“Am I curvy?”
“Am I beautiful? Can you validate me?”
Now, to answer the question on a more practical level:
Curvy is not synonymous with beautiful.
Curvy is not synonymous with sexy.
Curvy is not synonymous with worthy.
1. This is perfect. I have that large difference between bust-waist-hips that make off-the-rack clothes so hard to wear, but I am tall so I don't always look as obviously "curvy" as a short women with less swoopy measurements. Being a bit older (37), I find it somewhat amusing that women now want the curvy or hourglass label. Those terms were mostly pejorative while I was growing up, and women did not to fall into either category. I'm baffled to see the terms for my unusual body type co-opted and claimed by so many women who don't really fit it because our perspective regarding curves (in certain places) has become more positive.
But no matter what words we use, clothes still don't fit me and I'm still not shaped like my friends.
2. What a wonderful article! Women come in all shapes, sizes, and colors! We should be appreciated for our wonderful attributes. =] Thank you!
3. There *is* a definition for curvy as applied to apparel sizing, courtesy of ASTM. However, it doesn't apply in the particular context of your blog -a dismay I share with you.
But you're right, curvy is not a euphemism for plus size. Women who are quite slender can actually be curvier than overweight women from a technical, drafting perspective.
I'd drop more links but wouldn't want to come off as spammy.
4. Completely agree!
Using 'curvy' as a euphemism for 'plus size' irritates me actually, because it's just another attempt at trying to 'label carrying around more than average soft tissue' as something beautiful and positive, as if the person living inside the body needs some soft terms to cover up something horrible. To be honest, it doesn't change anything, because the attitude doesn't change if you change the word. What it does result in is confusion and arguments and even more stigma.
We all are different, and one shape or size isn't better than the other... just like one skin colour is not better than the other. Once we stop bashing each other and embracing each other's beauty, we will ALL become more beautiful. (Not that beauty defines your worth as a woman anyway! We've got so much more to offer than looks!)
Curvy started out as defining roughly what you did above.
So thanks.
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dclm_baseline
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There used to be a car called a Pontiac Fiero. It was awful. Like a mid-engined Corvette with half of its cylinders and silly little tires. But it allowed a bunch of really cool kit cars to be built around its mid-engine layout, and some people were foolish enough to swap in V8 engines thinking they had just built a GT40 or Testerossa.
(Editors note: We interrupt your regularly scheduled programming to bring you a special bout of insanity from friend of the site and crapcan racer hero, Bill Caswell, who is taking over for us this weekend.)
There was also the Toyota MR2, which was a decent little car. The final iteration with its four cylinder turbo was fun to drive. I took one for an extended, high speed test drive back in the day and loved it. I remember thinking that it needed a limited slip differential and larger sway bars or something to keep the roll down but it was a fun little car. I really wanted one back in high school, because it was mid-engine and we all know that the best sports cars in the world are mid-engined. Ferrari, Lamborghini, Porsche (sort of), and so on.
But then it all stopped. The cheap mid-engine cars stopped showing up. There was the Lotus Elise/Exige and Porsche Cayman but those are expensive. That’s the whole problem. We need cheap, mid-engined cars so we can build our own race cars like this Fiero that was sold on Craigslist recently.
You could also strip them down and cover them with modern day versions of these kit cars and build a Lancia O37 clone!
Or we just need cheap mid-engined cars because they are so much fun to drive. A lot has changed since the Fiero first came out in 1983. I bet GM’s engineers could build a modern Fiero that would be awesome. If they can make a Camaro beat a BMW M4 around a racetrack, they can build a Fiero that will be faster and cheaper than a Lotus. I say bring back the Fiero!
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dclm_baseline
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{'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '9', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9787738919258118}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '733184', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DZPRD2H5ATIESJPS4DJYVN3IB6Y3V4VT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:09ace702-7bef-4a5c-9b57-9395ec9069f0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 19, 19, 33, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.2.166', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UBD25B5UIOXGOI4F3RYFQV35T5WVM4F5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d7379d11-444d-41fe-83c9-cfb88530ca44>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://jalopnik.com/1818812827', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3916a055-33d7-4eb6-8ac1-d93c769e03ea>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '348', 'url': 'https://jalopnik.com/1818812827', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin ([email protected])\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-118-163.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16556024551391602', 'original_id': 'f8f13ad4f60a3f4f0cf064e096d5f0f8153c0a4fd5d4cd11956853a82156f8fe'}
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Medical adjunctive therapy for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia: a systematic review.
To systematically review the literature on medical adjunctive therapy for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for studies published between January 1, 2009, and June 1, 2019. Articles that studied medical treatment of CLTI patients and reported clinical outcomes were eligible. Main exclusion criteria were case reports <20 patients, incorrect publication type, and CLTI caused by Buerger disease. The primary end point was major amputation (above the ankle) in studies with a follow-up of ≥6 months. Secondary end points were other clinical end points such as death and wound healing. Study quality was assessed according to the Downs and Black checklist. Included were 42 articles; 4 focused on antiplatelet therapy, 5 on antihypertensive medication, 6 on lipid-lowering therapy, 16 on stem cell therapy, 3 on growth factors, 5 on prostanoids, and 1 study each on cilostazol, glucose-lowering therapy, spinal cord stimulation, sulodexide, and hemodilution. Calcium channel blockers, iloprost, cilostazol, and hemodilution showed significant improvement of limb salvage, but data are limited. Stem cell therapy showed no significant improvement of limb salvage but could potentially improve wound healing. Antiplatelets, antihypertensives, and statins showed significantly lower cardiovascular events rates but not evident lower major amputation rates. The quality of the studies was fair to good. Certain medical therapies serve to improve limb salvage next to revascularization in CLTI patients, whereas others are important in secondary prevention. Because high quality evidence is limited, further research is needed.
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '1803f08682f6c2eb64412134bab5d6fd06158e46334f397796e7adce1e2a0e8f'}
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Tic-Tac-Toe and Minimax
Abstract: In this post, we discuss some of the important terms of basic game theory, and using the Minimax algorithm, create a strong solution for the abstract-strategy game of Tic-Tac-Toe.
Tic-Tac-Toe, from a game design standpoint, is horrible. It lacks any real decision making, and assuming all players act optimally, will always end in a draw. However, because the game is so simple, it can be used as a great teaching tool and set the framework for more complex game analysis. Because of this, I feel that it is appropriate to start here, as it will allow me to introduce terms that will be used in the rest of my posts.
A complete game of Tic-tac-toe
To start, lets first look at what exactly Tic-Tac-Toe is. Tic-Tac-Toe is a game for two players, in which players take alternating turns, marking either an X or O on a 3×3 grid. The first player who succeeds in placing three of their marks in a diagonal, horizontal, or vertical row is the winner.
In game theory, Tic-Tac-Toe is referred to as a deterministic game. A deterministic game is one in which no randomness is involved in the development of future states. Or, a game that will always produce the same result, if player actions are kept constant. An example of a non-deterministic game would be something like Catan or Monopoly, as both rely on dice rolls. Tic-Tac-Toe is always a perfect information game, or one in which both players see all of the states and decisions. Looking back to Catan and Monopoly, Monopoly would also be a perfect information game as no information is hidden from the players. Catan, on the other hand, is an imperfect information game, as each player has a hand of cards, hidden from other players. Finally, Tic-Tac-Toe is what is referred to as a zero-sum game. A zero-sum game is defined as a game in which the sum of all gains of participants totals to zero. In Tic-Tac-Toe, one of the players must win, or the game is considered a draw.
Tic-Tac-Toe is also a game that is considered to be “solved”. There are a couple of different levels on which a game can be solved, but for now lets just worry about that top level – strong. A strong solved game, is one in which an algorithm exists that can predict perfect moves from any position even if mistakes have already been made by either side. These proofs often require a “brute force” method in which all possible states are calculated, giving the AI an optimal strategy for every possible board combination. As mentioned before, Tic-Tac-Toe is one such game, and has been solved as a draw. Meaning that, assuming optimal play from each player, the game will always end in a draw. Finally, I would like to make note that this concept usually only applies to abstract-strategy games, and more importantly deterministic games with perfect information.
As mentioned in the abstract, we will be using the Minimax algorithm to produce a strong solution for Tic-Tac-Toe. First, let us discuss the algorithm. The Minimax algorithm was originally created for n-player zero-sum games. In this post, we will use a simple version of this algorithm in which is used in 2 player games, which each player can win, lose, or draw. Because Tic-Tac-Toe has such a small decision space, the Minimax algorithm will check all possible end states, and find which move is best, assuming that the opponent acts optimally.
To do this, we must iterate through all possible moves, calculate the best result from each, assuming optimal play from the opponent, then select which move which is best. The sudo-code can be found below,
function findBestMove(currentState):
bestMove = NULL
for each move in possibleMoves(currentState):
if move is better than bestMove:
bestMove = move
return bestMove
Now that the easy part is done, we know must come up with a system for comparing possible moves. To do this, we use the Minimax algorithm. The Minimax algorithm is a recursive algorithm, in which each state is assigned a value, based on what the outcome of the state will be, assuming optimal play from the opponent (this is important). The sudo-code can be found below.
function minimax(boardState, depth, ismaximizingPlayer) is
if current bpardState is a terminal state:
return the value of the boardState
if maximizingPlayer then
value = −∞
for each move in possibleMoves(boardState):
value = max(value, minimax(move, depth + 1, FALSE))
return value
else (* minimizing player *)
value = +∞
for each move in possibleMoves(currentState):
value = min(value, minimax(move, depth + 1, TRUE))
return value
When checking for a terminal state, we simply check to see if one of the 8 possible win conditions has been met, and if so return a value based on who has won. In my implementation, the AI is always zero, so O winning is a score of +10, while X winning is a score of -10.
Here is my full implementation of the Minimax algorithm using Python and a simple Tic-Tac-Toe game also created by me. The full py file is available on the linked GitHub at the end of the post.
# Begin Tic-Tac-Toe AI
# Creates a list of all possible moves for a given player
def generateAllPossibleMoves(board, player):
listOfBoards = []
for i in range(3):
for k in range(3):
if board[i][k] == " ":
newBoard = copy.deepcopy(board)
newBoard[i][k] = player
return listOfBoards
# Iterates through all possible moves and finds the best one
def findNextMove(board):
bestMove = None
bestVal = -1000
possibleMoves = generateAllPossibleMoves(board, 'O')
for move in possibleMoves:
moveValue = minimax(move, 0, False)
if moveValue > bestVal:
bestMove = move
bestVal = moveValue
return bestMove
# Minimax function used to determine value of specific moves
def minimax(board, depth: int, isMax: bool):
global moveCounter
if isMax:
player = 'O'
player = 'X'
if checkForWin(board, 'O'):
return 10 - depth
if checkForWin(board, 'X'):
return -10 + depth
possibleMoves = generateAllPossibleMoves(board, player)
if not possibleMoves:
return 0
if isMax:
bestValue = -1000
for move in possibleMoves:
value = minimax(move, depth + 1, False)
bestValue = max(bestValue, value)
return bestValue
bestValue = 1000
for move in possibleMoves:
value = minimax(move, depth + 1, True)
bestValue = min(bestValue, value)
return bestValue
There is one thing I wish to address with this implementation of Minimax on Tic-Tac-Toe. As mentioned before, Minimax relies on the opponent making the optimal move. In Tic-Tac-Toe a common strategy is a “fork”. A fork is when the player creates two opportunities to win, essentially winning the game. If we assume that our opponent is also playing perfectly, it is more beneficial to start in one of the corners (which are all essentially the same), as it gives the opponent the smallest choice of squares which must be played to avoid losing. However, there seems to be a study that suggests that if playing against an imperfect opponent, playing in the center may be better. I may revisit this topic, of which opening is better for imperfect opponents, but for now, my implementation goes off the assumption that you are playing a perfect opponent, defaulting to the first move tested, which will have it open in the top right.
Finally, let us look at the basic rules that you can use to play a perfect game of Tic-Tac-Toe. After all, what good is this, if it doesn’t help you win the game? These rules are based on the ones used in Newell and Simon’s 1972 tic-tac-toe program.
1. Win: If you have two in a row, and can place a third to get three in a row.
2. Block: If the opponent has two in a row, you must play the third to block the opponent.
3. Fork: Create an opportunity where you have two ways to win (two non-blocked lines of 2).
4. Blocking an opponent’s fork: If there is only one possible fork for your opponent, you should block it. Otherwise, you should block all forks in any way that simultaneously allows them to create two in a row. Otherwise, you should create a two in a row to force your opponent into defending, as long as it doesn’t result in them creating a fork.
5. Center: You should mark the center. (There have been claims made that as a first player starting in a corner is best, as it gives more opportunity for error. Against a perfect opponent it should not matter.)
6. Opposite corner: If your opponent is in a corner, you should play the opposite corner.
7. Empty corner: You play in a corner square.
8. Empty side: You play in a middle square on any of the 4 sides.
Final Thoughts and Works Cited:
That’s, pretty much it for Tic-Tac-Toe. Although the game is quite simple, there can still be a lot to learn from it. I will probably continue to do classic abstract strategy games for the first couple of weeks, before moving to tackle more modern thematic board games. Likely starting with the Reiner Knizia classic: Lost Cities
Also here are the works that I consulted while making this post. Some of them are quite long, and I have only read parts of them.
PhD thesis: Searching for Solutions in Games and Artificial Intelligence
Games solved: Now and in the future
Also also, here is the link to the complete code, which can be found on my GitHub
Published by Freddy_Reiber
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dclm_baseline
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bikz (bikz) wrote,
• Mood:
• Music:
new book!
Starting work on my new book, "How To Do Things The Sexy Mullet Way", including ....
* How To Ask Someone Out If You're A Complete Coward
* How To Become A True Shopaholic
* How To Flirt The Groinlion Way
* How To Have Sex And Love It
* How To Jabber Effectively
* How To Make A Flamethrower And Abuse It
* How To Make A Magickal Cup Of Tea
* How To Piss Strange Drunken Fromies Off
* How To Tell If Someone Fancies You
* How To Use A Dildo
* How To Waste Lots And Lots Of Time
* How To Wax Your Mullet
* How To Write A Book Full Of Pointless Shit
.... any many more things no-one cares about. If you ever want to know this shit, just ask! :)
- k.s. x
• The Blackout
• Repeat first-time offender.
• Writer's Block: Really, Truly
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dclm_baseline
|
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My Muay Thai Training: The value of movement
In this installment of My Muay Thai Training, Fraser Coffeen looks at the value of movement. Some Muay Thai practitioners downplay movement when fighting. Is this a good thing?
One of the things I love about studying Muay Thai (and I'm sure this is true of any martial art) is the way that, no matter how long the style has been around, there are still always these fascinating debates over small points. One example from Muay Thai - when throwing a kick, do you chop the arm to increase your velocity, or keep the arm in front to block a counter strike? It's these little subtleties that make the sport fascinating, as each individual adjusts to his own style. If not for these, we'd all be fighting robots imitating the exact same moves every time.
MMA has introduced a new wrinkle into all of this. As you take pure Muay Thai and begin to consider it's usage in an MMA setting, what adjustments do you need to make? Maybe that stance you favor with the light lead leg is not so good for defending takedowns, right?
Lately I've been thinking about this as I have started taking MMA classes to supplement my Muay Thai. They're an interesting change of pace, and again, they help me to look at my Muay Thai in a different light while exposing some of these little differences in style. Here's one that I have been thinking about quite a bit lately:
Movement - just how important is it?
This is one of those philosophical debates to Muay Thai. On the one hand, you would think movement is of course essential - it creates angles to open up your offense while at the same time giving you more defensive options. And yet the majority of true Muay Thai fighters underplay movement. (I should pause here and note that I am specifically talking about footwork. Muay Thai fighter use plenty of head movement, but that's not what I'm talking about here). Why? The common answer is that it's a part of the culture - Muay Thai fighters are encouraged to stand toe to toe and throw strikes until one man falls. That's partly true (and you see it reflected in Muay Thai judging), but there's more to it. While movement does open you up for many positives, it also forces you to sacrifice some degree of power. The less planted you are when you throw a strike, the harder it is to get maximum force on the strike.
For two contrasting examples, first take a look at last weekend's fight with Daniel Ghita. Ghita is a beast, but for the most part, he's not using movement or angles. Ghita is going to stand in front of you and unload until you go down:
For the far contrast, consider the theoretical UFC Bantamweight champion Dominick Cruz. Cruz is an absolute master of movement, landing on his opponent from all sorts of strange angles while making himself very hard to catch. But he also has no power to speak of.
I think it's relevant that Ghita is on the kickboxing side, Cruz on the MMA side. Because when you look at how to use Muay Thai in MMA, there's an obvious flaw in Ghita's style - his lack of movement would get him taken down very quickly. That's an extra factor anyone planning to bring their Muay Thai into MMA has to consider.
Still, there has to be a comfortable medium between the extremes of Ghita and Cruz, yes? I think of fighters like Jose Aldo or Shogun Rua, who can and do use movement when needed, while still planting their feet and blasting when the time is right.
So perhaps this debate - movement or not - isn't really a debate at all. Perhaps the answer, like so many answers, lies in the middle and in knowing how and when to fight both ways.
For me, I try to keep my feet planted during my Muay Thai training, but that movement is working its way into my game, and I can't help but think I'm a better fighter for it.
Those of you are are strikers - especially those from different disciplines - how do you weigh in on this debate?
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dclm_baseline
|
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How Baseball Works
A guide to Major League Baseball
brought to you by Ab Initio Games
The Basics
Hitting/Getting on Base
Scoring and Base- Running
Batting Lineup
Fielding and Positions
Rotation and the Bullpen
Pitches and Pitching
Regular Season
World Series and Playoffs
Umpires and Scorers
The Field of Play
All-Star Game
Common Terms
Useful Links
Index Page
Gameplan Baseball
Pitches and Pitching
A pitcher doesn't simply stand on the mound, and throw the ball and hope. At least, not if he wants to play for any length of time. He'll normally throw a variety of different pitches, and try and "work the batter" to get him out.
Pitching Strategy
A pitcher's strategy will depend upon what pitches he can "command". It's critical that he can throw the pitches exactly where he wants them. If he's trying to "paint the corners" of the strike zone, then missing even by a few inches can be disastrous.
At the Major League level a pitcher needs to be able to throw at least two types of pitches effectively, ideally three, and if he has four, he'll be a superstar. If a pitcher doesn't have much variation in his armoury, a hitter will "sit on" a particular pitch (wait for it to come along, and accept strikes if something else is thrown).
A pitcher who relies on sinking balls and so forth will usually be more reliant on his defensive team-mates, as many ground balls will be hit into the infield. A "power pitcher" relies on blowing fastballs past the hitter, and will tend to accumulate more strike-outs. On the downside, if a hitter does cleanly hit it, the ball is more likely to leave the park for a home run. Many pitchers rely on "late movement" or "movement off the plate" on a pitch, a pitch that suddenly deviates as it reaches the hitter.
Good pitching is not just about striking out hitters, it's about getting them out. If a pitcher makes a hitter swing at a ball he cannot hit cleanly, he should get him out via a ground ball or a fly out, and those count just as much as a strikeout.
Strategy also varies for different pitchers. Late innings relievers generally only have to face each hitter once in a game, so they don't need to have as much variation (often a closer simply throws fast-balls, and hopes to blow away the hitter before he's adjusted to his fast ball), whereas a starter may well have to face each hitter three or four times in a game, so has to vary his pitching more.
The Baseball
A baseball is round, just over 5 ounces (about 145g) and is made of yarn and cork, covered by a two piece leather hide. The leather is stitched together into a seam which runs across the ball in the same pattern as on a tennis ball.
In the hands of an expert pitcher, spin can be imparted on the ball both from finger and wrist action, which combined with the positions of the seams will make the ball move in a variety of directions. Pitching is an art, and different pitchers will be able to make different pitches with differing variations in control. Remember that whatever motion a pitcher puts on the ball, he still has to be able to locate it in the strike zone (or at least, get the hitter to swing at it believing it's heading for the strike zone).
A pitcher is not allowed to mark the ball, doctor the ball, spit on the ball, apply any substance from his cap onto the ball or do anything else to the ball which will help him to make it move (and if he does, and gets caught, he can be ejected from the game). If an umpire feels a ball has become marked (usually scuffed through being hit, or landing in the dirt) he'll replace the ball. Literally dozens of new balls are used during every single game of Major League Baseball.
The Wind-up and the Stretch
Pitchers will generally have two pitching motions, which are the only legal methods of throwing the ball. Ideally, they will pitch from the "Wind-up", where the coils his body, raising his front foot, and then unwinds and transfers his balance onto the front foot as he pitches the ball. This is by far the most effective motion, helping him throw the ball quicker and with more movement.
The wind-up has a disadvantage - it's slow and laborious. Once a pitcher has started his pitching motion he cannot stop, so if there is a runner on first or second base, the start of the wind-up is a "green light" for a steal attempt, and almost guarantees he'll be successful such is the head start he'll get. Therefore, once a runner is aboard, the pitcher will throw from "the stretch" - not as effective for pitching, but much quicker and gives a base stealer less time.
Once again, the importance for the hitting side of getting a runner "aboard" is shown.
Note that if a pitcher does start his pitching motion, and then stops (because of a runner) or throws to try and pick the runner off, the umpire may call a "balk" which allows all runners to advance a base.
The most basic pitch of all is the fastball, which is exactly what it says. The pitch isn't thrown to move around in the air, and the pitcher simply aims to blow it past the hitter as quickly as possible. The very quickest fastballs can reach 100 mph (referred to as "high heat"). It's also the easiest pitch for the pitcher to control.
The two most common fastballs are thrown with the index and middle fingers on the top of the ball, and the thumb underneath.
There are a variety of fastballs:-
The "four seam" fastball is the basic fastball, and is thrown by holding the fore and middle fingers across the seams, imparting back-spin on the ball, which as it approaches the hitter makes it drop slower than other pitches (so it almost appears to rise in flight). Its name is given because the hitter sees four parallel seams spin towards him.
The "two seam" fastball (sometimes known as "sinker") is held with the fore and middle fingers along the seams - and the pitch sinks in flight slightly as it reaches the hitter, sometimes also breaking slightly to one side, making it more likely the ball will be hit along the ground, placing a premium on good fielding.
The "cut" fastball (or "cutter") is thrown by putting side spin on the ball with pressure from the middle finger. A right handed cutter breaks away from a right handed hitter or into a left handed hitter.
Off Speed Pitches
The "split fingered fastball" is thrown by spreading the fore and middle fingers further apart on the ball, so that ball comes out of the hand more slowly than the arm motion would suggest. If the hitter doesn't read the slower ball, he'll swing before the pitch arrives. The pitch isn't generally thrown to hit the strike zone, it's thrown to lure the hitter into a false, early, swing.
The "forkball" is similar to the split fingered fastball, but is thrown with no wrist motion and the ball even further back in the hand, with the fore and middle fingers even more spread. Again it isn't designed to be in the strike zone, and may well hit the ground ("in the dirt") when it reaches the catcher. A forkball can make a hitter (and a catcher) look rather silly!
The most common off speed pitch is the "changeup" (derived from "change of pace"), thrown with the same arm action as the fastball, but with a different grip. The most common version is the "circle change", in which the thumb and fore finger touch to create a circle on the side of the ball, and the remaining fingers spread around the ball. This grip means the ball is released much more slowly, hopefully fooling the hitter into swinging too early.
Breaking Balls
Breaking balls are also pitches thrown "off speed" (typically 10-15 mph slower than a fastball) but are also intended to have some sort of sideways or downward movement as they reach the batter. Breaking balls have a good chance of bouncing in the dirt so the catcher has to be good enough to still stop them - it's no use throwing a strike if the ball gets past the catcher and allows runners to advance.
There are a variety of breaking balls:-
The "curveball" is thrown with the wrist cocked, the fore and middle fingers close together and the thumb on top of the ball to induce extra forward spin (i.e. top to bottom) on the ball causing it to "break" and drop sharply as it reaches the plate. A curveball that fails to break soon enough is called a "hanging curve" and is easy to hit.
The "slider" is a pitch halfway between a curveball and a fastball, thrown harder than the curveball but with less spin imparted. The ball doesn't tend to drop as much as the curveball, but has more sideways movement, so a right handed slider tends to "slide" away from a right handed hitter.
The "screwball" is rare, and moves in the opposite direction to a curveball by being thrown with the ball rolling over the middle finger with a twist of the wrist (rather like a screwing motion) so that the palm of the hand ends up pointing towards third base (for right handed pitchers). The spin makes a right handed screwball swerve into a right handed a hitter.
The Knuckleball
A "knuckleball" is rarely thrown by a regular pitcher, but is normally the staple pitch of a rare breed - the "knuckleballer". A knuckleball is held with the ball in the fingertips, and not so much thrown at the hitter as pushed at him at release. The key is to ensure that there is no spin on the ball whatsoever, so that the ball dances and wobbles around in flight as the air moves over the seams (hence it's held from the fingertips only, if the fingers are wrapped around it as they release it they'll drag on it and impart spin).
A knuckleball is thrown anywhere from 50 mph to 70 mph and the pitcher may mix in the odd "fastball" (though usually only in the 80 mph range, so it relies on the surprise factor).
Knuckleballers rely on the rarity of their pitches. Not even the pitcher knows which way the ball is going to move, and hitters so rarely see a knuckleballer they don't have the chance to adjust their timing.
A good knuckleballer offers one huge bonus to his team. Pitching at 50-70 mph is nowhere near as tiring as regular pitching, so potentially the knuckleballer can pitch more regularly and for longer periods than his counterparts.
Intentional Walks
The intentional walk is also part of a pitching armoury. If he doesn't like his odds facing the next hitter and first base is "open" then he may well intentionally walk him (the catcher stands up, steps to the side, and takes four balls) to get to the next hitter (who he prefers to pitch to). He may also issue an intentional walk if he finds himself in a "hitters count" (e.g. three balls and no strikes).
If there is a runner on second base and first base is open, then the intentional walk can also be used to put a man on first base, and increase the chances of a double play.
Of course, the downside is the pitcher is putting an extra runner on base. Woe-betide the pitcher who "issues an intentional walk" and then sees the next hitter smash a home run!
An intentional walk is recorded as a separate statistic, as generally it's a manager who makes the decision, not the pitcher.
Brushback Pitches
It's much easier to pull a ball for power (i.e. hit it back across your body) than to drive it, so a hitter will often try and "crowd the plate", leaning over it. A pitcher will therefore sometimes "pitch inside", hopefully causing the hitter to back off the plate.
If he pitches too far inside, or the hitter doesn't react, he may hit him, which will usually cause the umpire to issue a warning to both teams (Baseball tradition is that if one of your pitchers "plunks" one of the opposition, then a little later in the game one of their pitchers will retaliate and plunk one of yours). Of course, hitting a batter gives him a free walk to first base, but it's still considered more important to "protect your team-mates".
If a pitcher does retaliate after a warning and hit an opponent, then he'll usually be ejected from the game (so he has to be substituted). In the meantime, there may well be a confrontation between the pitcher and the plunked batter, and perhaps even a "bench clearing brawl" (hitter questions pitcher's parentage, pitcher tells him where to go, hitter "charges the mound", catcher chases him to support the pitcher, hitter's team-mates clear their bench to support the lone batter, so do the pitcher's bench, and you have a bench clearing brawl). Once it all settles down, the pitcher gets ejected (along with anyone else spotted doing something serious, often the hitter as well) and the game continues.
Bench clearing brawls are not uncommon, and though not very edifying can even unite a team. It's rare (but not unknown) for a player to be trying to seriously hurt an opponent during a brawl, and not unknown for players to seek out a like-minded opponent with whom they can grapple and give the impression of "mixing it" whilst actually waiting for the aggravation to die down.
If a pitcher, intentionally or accidentally, throws the ball at an opponents head ("beaning him") then the niceties can usually be ignored, and a mass brawl and ejection will follow immediately. Throwing at an opponent's body is considered to be an acceptable part of the game (by players anyway), but the head is off-limits!
This website, "How Baseball Works", is a guide to the game of the Baseball, brought to you by the online interactive Baseball Management game, Gameplan Baseball. For more details about Gameplan Baseball, including our free online startup offer please see Ab Initio Games or contact:
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Changes in state laws shut down dog kennels
Changes in state laws shut down dog kennels
Pennsylvania sees 125 of its 300 licensed commercial kennels shut down after new laws go into effect
Feb 01, 2010
Lancaster, Pa. — Often called the "Puppy Mill Capital of the East," Pennsylvania has struggled to improve its image by passing laws that crack down on irresponsible breeding and kennel operations. But now that the laws are in effect and an enforcement plan has reached maturity, 125 of the state's 300 licensed commercial kennels are being shut down, leaving humane groups bracing for what officials believe will result in an onslaught of dumped dogs.
"We keep hearing rumors of kennels closing down or being closed down," says Megan Gallagher, vice president of development and outreach for the Humane League of Lancaster County — the heart of kennel operations. "We're anticipating we'll see a larger number of dogs, but we haven't seen it yet."
But the closures aren't rumors. Changes to commercial dog-kennel laws in Pennsylvania went into effect Oct. 9, and a 55-day enforcement period during which all 300 of the state's class-C kennels were inspected ended Dec. 31. Based on those inspections, 125 kennels have been ordered to close, says Justin Fleming, a spokesman for the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Dog Law Enforcement.
New laws require class-C kennels — which breed or sell more than 60 dogs per year to dealers or pet stores — to double the minimum floor space for dogs, provide access to an outdoor exercise area, keep kennel temperatures above 50 degrees, provide water at all times, remove all wire flooring from canine living quarters, stop stacking cages upon each other and have each dog checked by a veterinarian twice each year.
Fleming says previous versions of class-C kennel laws didn't require that dogs ever be removed from their cages, let alone be required to have exercise areas. Challenges to the new laws by breeders and kennel owners were shot down by a federal judge.
Over the last year, many states have passed legislation cracking down on puppy mills and irresponsible dog breeding and kenneling. But the effects of those laws on the dogs they are meant to protect are only now becoming evident as enforcement comes into play.
"There will be challenges for veterinarians when people adopt these dogs who have had little handling from shelters. They could have behavioral challenges and may have not been bred with the utmost care," Gallagher says. "We've been hearing about the effect from the new laws for a long time, but it's only now that we're going to start to see it."
Some breeders are allegedly dumping dogs from their operations to get below the 60-dog cutoff for being classified as a commercial shelter, and others are euthanizing their dogs to avoid sending them to shelters that might set them up for negative publicity, Gallagher says.
"It has been rumored that some of the breeders have chosen to euthanize more of their animals instead of seeing them go to animal shelters. The issue became particularly hot with some of the organizations really going after specific breeders and things like that," she says.
Some breeders have reached out to rescue groups who will take the dogs with no questions asked, rather than go through humane societies and shelters, she says. But once kennels are shut down, the Bureau of Dog Law Enforcement will call upon humane groups like Gallagher's to pick up the pieces. Then, it's anyone's guess what will happen to these dogs once they are placed in new homes.
"It will be interesting for the veterinarians because this whole thing came to fruition because people were purchasing puppies and taking them home to have them die," she says. "I would suspect they'll be seeing more clearly identifiable health issues with dogs being rescued from puppy mills."
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Dice wars? F*ck yeah dice race to Kickstarter
Gamers are smart people. Remember how these Fuck yeah! dice sold out on ebay in hours? A different creator, Justin Sirois, now has a Kickstarter project going to make more. You can follow the progress from the campaign page.
I know what you’re thinking. How many attempts did it take for the last dice to be left ‘fuck side up’? I think it was just a fluke.
At the time of writing, there are 199 backers and 32 days on the clock. This is a brand new project. Sirois is asking for US$5,000 and already has US$4,250. This will fund.
The dice ship worldwide and the advice for gamers in Europe is to buy less than $16 worth if you want to avoid extra customs charges. You can’t buy one or two dice but you can buy 10. You can buy more than ten and even up into impressive skull dice holders and dice castle trays.
Hopefully, we’re not really looking at any serious dice wars and that there is enough market for two or more people to making gaming dice with charismatically rude words on them!
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Abstract: Functions, the specificity of dynamic relationships between things, are co-affecters with physical nature of events. Functions, as such, are intangible and therefore intangible affecters. Intangible affecters do not exist in the material world or for that matter in any world but their effects evidence their existence. It is a new and difficult concept but essential for understanding complex organizations such as consciousness.
What would you think if I told you that there are spirits all around us affecting everything that we do and meant it seriously? Are you already saying to yourself, “I don’t have time for this,” and getting ready to click your mouse? Go ahead and do it but here is a warning. Spirits are a fact. You can take the pill now or later but you will be talking about spirits or at least about intangible affecters sooner or later. I know the idea of spirits offends your scientific sensibilities. I might have avoided using the word spirit and instead have talked about intangible affecters but I wanted to give you an idea, right from the start, about just how much you are going to have to stretch your mind to accommodate an important new science.
Six years ago I was a strict determinist. I thought the beauty of science was that if we could know where everything was and knew all the laws of physics that then we could predict where everything would be. I believed that the Universe was only material, energy and forces and that everything would find its explanation through understanding physical nature. As a matter of fact, I would probably be right if I blamed the advent of scientific methodology, beginning in the time of Sir Francis Bacon six hundred years ago, for our being oblivious of intangible affecters. We turned so unswervingly to the idea that the final arbiter of explanation for everything would be found in physics that, metaphorically, we buried our heads in the sand of materialism. It is now at the turn of the millennium at the height of our dogmatic belief in the monistic ontology of materialism that we have come face to face with ourselves. We are asking how consciousness is possible and we are finding that physics cannot possibly hold all the answers.
What is important to you about intangible affecters is that they are affecting everything that happens around you. They are not physical in any way except for their effects. They arise out of the relationships between the forms of physical things but they also arise out of relationships between themselves. There is no spiritual realm but there are intangible affecters (and spirits). You will just have to stick with me if want to understand that. And you should want to understand that. How can you be real about understanding the world scientifically if you are only looking at the physical aspect of how it works? Let me emphasize again that intangible affecters are affecting physical events and that those effects are not explained by physics. This does not mean that events can no longer be understood by science. It just means that they cannot be understood by physics and the sciences that are ultimately based in physics alone. Intangible affecters are a new field in science. It will seem revolutionary at its inception but with time it will become ordinary in its application and we will look back and wonder how we could have missed something so important and fundamental.
Don’t be put off if I take you into the subject at a casual pace. It will pickup soon enough. It has taken me years to change the epistemological perspectives of my mind to understand them and to feel the confidence that I do now in explaining them to you. As I have said, there will be a science of intangible affecters but the most I can provide you with at the moment is an awareness of them and an ontological explanation of their genesis from a foundation in logic and science that you will be able to accept. You will have trouble with the concepts because they go against the hidden grain of your mind’s epistemological organization. It is therefore important for me to first make the fact of intangible affecters evident to you. After that recognition is established, you then should have the impetus (if you care about understanding) to want to know how they are possible and how they work.
I might have discovered the existence of intangible affecters because I had my sights on understanding consciousness. It is so easy to believe that complex things do not need to be understood because they are just too multifaceted to be practically analyzed. I am talking about things such as societies, cultures and economics. We conveniently believe that if we could take these things apart piece by piece that we would find how everything could be explained through the laws of physics (please assume that when I say the laws of physics I am including all the laws of the hard sciences whose laws relate to the physical nature of physical things). Because we make that assumption we don’t even begin to try to explain those kinds of things or at least we didn’t until we decided that it was time to understand what our minds are.
The mind is complex but because it is also a natural phenomenon (not a product of human culture) we are challenged to understand it. We cannot pass it off as one of those arbitrarily complex things like society, culture or economics. But, thinking is like a society. They are both organizations of dynamic relationships being carried on physical substrates. We don’t find consciousness by looking at the brain anymore than we find society by looking at the buildings and people in a city. Each is a highly evolved set of functional relationships. Is it the purview of physics to describe these relationships? No. Does physics describe or explain the specificity of functional relationships? No. Do the functional relationships built into a society determine how that society will behave? Absolutely. Are functional relationships what make a mind different than a brain? It is not so obvious but the answer is yes. We are not just talking about psychology here but more fundamentally about thinking itself. The dynamic functional relationships in the brain create the process of thinking, which, when it occurs in experiential brain states, creates consciousness. The relationships that create the mind are not physical processes as much as they are functional processes. It is in being circumspect about that difference that we become aware of function (which is the specificity of relationship between things) as an intangible affecter. Consciousness cannot be explained unless we take into account the effect that functional relationships have on physical events.
It is possible that you may be of the perspective that a function must be related to a purpose and must relate to someone’s intention. That is not the way that I will use the word function. I will use the word function to describe the specific relationships that occur in an event. For example, the function of rain waters plants only because it does, though it may have nothing to do with any man’s intentions.
It is not enough for you to think that I am just talking about ‘process’ because out of the effectual nature of relationships arises functions such as our organisms and our ‘selves’. ‘Selves’ and organisms are much more than just process. They are agents. They are you and I. When I set out to do something, it is not the nature of my physical organism that will cause it to happen. The cause will be a set of relationships that don’t even have a material presence. The materials of my being will only play the very minor role of being the carrier of those relationships. Lets slow down and take this step-by-step. The first step is to make you familiar with the idea that there are affecters other than physical affecters.
I first became clued into the idea that there are other affecters when I was musing one day about how wrapped up American society is with the automobile. My car is fifteen years old and I am horrified at the idea of having to pay $20,000 to $30,000 for a new one. I know I can afford a new car far more easily than most people who have them can. A lot of those people are working two jobs to make ends meet. Such sacrifice is indicative of how much self-images are wrapped up in the kind of automobile one drives. Kids are only too eager to grow up so they can drive the family car. That’s when the family’s auto insurance goes up big time. And then come the conflicts over who gets to use the automobile and usually it is decided by getting another automobile. That is a very partial list of effects that the automobile has on us at the personal level of the individual but the automobile is an institution in society that affects its very organization.
We drive to work, to shop, to visit or just for recreation. The better the automobiles and the roads that we have, the further we are willing to drive. Families are spread far and wide because the automobile permits us to drive over to a relative’s house for a visit. We can enjoy living in the country because we can drive into town for work. Of course we have to pay for those expensive roads with our taxes. An incumbent politician will take advantage of our obsession with the automobile and have the roads paved just before elections to have us vote for him/her. Of course, automobiles create a great deal of pollution and we have to deal with that too. But nobody is about to give up his or her automobile. The advertising industry is constantly bombarding us with enticements to buy a new one and the automobile manufacturing industry is one of the pillars of the economy. I could go on and on describing the effects the automobile has on our society and on us as individuals.
Are we driving the automobile or is the automobile driving us? I was recognizing that the ‘automobile’ was an institution of relationships affecting the way that we live and the world that we live in. It seemed that it was the relationships themselves (that I am calling the automobile) that were affecting us. If I use an automobile to go somewhere it is because there is the potential of my driving an automobile there over roads built for automobiles. I probably would not make the trip if there were not an automobile and a road to take me there. These special relationships are affecters that physics cannot possibly explain because they are not physical. It is not the road and the car themselves that make such a trip possible but rather it is the specific relationship of a car to a road. That relationship depends on the specific relationships that make a car what it is and that make a road what it is, too. Lets not forget the specific relationship that I have to the car as an educated driver. If I could not drive the car, I might not make the trip.
The fact that it was the relationships themselves acting as affecters was not so obvious to me six years ago. I could not conceive then of an intangible thing like a relationship having a physical effect. What was obvious was that the ‘automobile’ was having an impact on society and myself that could not be explained by physics. There was too much physical dissociation between the things that were being functionally related for physics to explain why they were happening.
Why in the world was I thinking about spending $20,000 for a new car when my old one worked just fine? Even if there is a physics underlying the institution of the automobile, there is no physics to explain the principles of a social self-image and why I might want to buy a Subaru Forester. There are no laws of physics relating to Subaru Foresters. Does physics even recognize what a car or a road is? It doesn’t call some activity a trip or even my use of a car driving. These are relationships and not the specialty of physics, which is a generalization of the regularities of physical nature. Physics might presume to explain how these things can happen relative to the forces we posit to physical nature but it doesn’t explain why I might want a particular car. I believe that there is truly a reason (a causal explanation) as to why I want a particular car or any car but the explanation is not to be found in physics. My choice of a particular car has a lot to do with how I view myself and how others view me and the reason I want any car is so I can get somewhere I want to go. None of this would be so if the specificity of relationships were not affecting physical events.
The reason this was not so obvious to me six years ago was because I was stuck on the idea that only forces could cause effects. When a car runs over someone and kills him or her do we say that it was a set of intangible relationships that caused his death? No. We say that being hit by the car caused his or her death. We focus on the physical aspect of the event. Yet as time goes on, in our minds we begin to think of the driver as the cause of the victim’s death. Now we are focusing on the relationship of the driver to the car as the cause. We think that there was a specific way in which he of she drove the car that was the cause. We also consider that it was the kind of person that he or she was in the circumstances that he found himself or herself that contributed to the cause. So in the end we do believe that it was a set of relationships that caused the victim’s death.
We don’t blame the material of the Universe. We blame the relationships of the things into which it is formed. We blame the driver, his or her mind, and his or her relationship to the car, the car, the road and the victim’s relationship to all of the above.
The driver can admit that the accident was his fault but then again what is a driver? A person is a set of intangible relationships that creates agency and can accept social responsibility. There is nothing substantial at the bottom of those relationships that is the person. It is the set of intangible relationships themselves that have accepted responsibility. In the final analysis, there is nothing except a transient pattern of events that we hold responsible. We are not going to blame the material of the Universe. How naïve can we be to believe that this is a world determined by physical nature alone?
We blithely assume all things are connected together in ways explainable by physics alone. Can physics explain the circumstances of the accident above? Can it explain cars, roads, drivers and the relationships between them? There is no physics for my preferences for certain makes and models. How do we explain those seemingly intangible influences scientifically? We don’t even try. We ignore them and assume that somewhere buried in the complexity of things that the laws of physics are still the ultimate arbiters of the explanation of all that happens.
Suppose that I am about to buy the car I have dreamed about for two years. My finances are finally all worked out when I get a call from San Francisco informing me that my son has been in a traffic accident. He needs immediate and expensive surgery. Do you believe that physics can explain how my mind’s progression towards buying a car is interrupted by a phone call informing me of an accident in California and thereby changing my priorities?
Let’s see how that physics might have occurred. A voice, that is a vibration of air molecules, contacts a device that uses the energy of the vibrations to modulate an electrical signal that is then used to produce a radio frequency signal sampled so many times a second and sent to a satellite that relays it to Hawaii. It, whatever it might be at this point, is then sent to my telephone and is decoded and recoded into an air vibration that stimulates sensation in my ear. That seems more like physics but what did it have to do with changing my priorities? Obviously, something more than energy was transmitted by that telephone call.
There really is only one place to go with this so let me cut to it. What were being processed in my head were symbols. These were specific patterns in the signals that were being transmitted to my ear on the vehicle of a physical substrate taking the form of the special relationships of telephone communication. The normal specificity of the dynamic relationships that subserve the process of thinking did not change much on receiving the call but the functional path of the symbols being processed by those relationships changed dramatically. In short, my plans changed. The specificities of the dynamic relationships of the materials of the brain were the carrier or substrate that supported the thought process, which in turn was the carrier of the functional path or relationships of the symbols. The functional path of the telephone conversation flowed through the interactions of symbols. The information contained in the symbols was manifest by being vested first in the patterns of modulation of the telephone transmission signal and then in the specific patterns of brain activity. (To simplify, I am going to say that a particular brain form represents the information contained in a symbol.) Brain activity is organized into specific patterns that are processing algorithms. Brain activity is itself dependent on the organization of tissues, which in turn are dependent upon the organization of molecules. They in turn are dependent upon the specific organization of atoms.
Down at the bottom of all this specificity of organization is physics. The processes created by the specificity of the brain’s organization are in fact controlling the physical events in the brain. It is not the other way around. The physical substrate merely carries these intangible processes but it does not limit what they can process or cause what those processes themselves can cause to happen. The intangible processes are not only thinking. They are also the underlying organizations that we call atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, and the brain. The more complex the organization the more effect the organization has on physical events.
Symbols become represented by brain forms through conditioning. A symbol’s meaning is created by the symbol’s context, that is, its functional relationship to other symbols. One set of context is the immediate symbol environment of the symbol, the other symbols in the functional path. A second set of context is memory and a third set is our navigation system’s interrelationship with the external environment, which it represents. The second and third sets put symbols into broader contexts, which provide the relationships that give meaning to the symbols and provide algorithms for their processing. The information of a symbol is an intangible characteristic of the underlying brain form. What it represents is not a material fact in the brain form, nor does what it represents resemble the brain form in any way except maybe as an analog of its temporal spatial pattern. The meaning and information of a symbol is an abstract intangible product of relationships.
The rules for how an individual processes symbols are brain patterns themselves mostly derived from his or her experience conditioned into his or her brain forms. Some of the rules for processing are hardwired and hereditary. They resulted from conditioning through evolutionary natural selection. Therefore, the individual’s learned and hard-wired programs (that he or she is endowed with genetically), being the set of algorithms that process the information contained in symbols, also carry conditioned and hereditary biases. That is exactly why some of the concepts that I am expressing in explaining intangible affecters and consciousness are difficult to understand. Thinking is not a purely logical function. It depends on both neurological processes and an epistemological structure of (processing) relationships that are axiomatic and tainted relative to truth. You can only escape such bias when the epistemological structure in your mind is changed fundamentally. You will only understand consciousness and intangible affecters when the algorithms you use to process the information reflect accurately what the circumstances of reality are.
The functional path of thought flows through the brain forms that are symbols and rules and also shapes new symbols and new rules. That was how my mind was able to change my plans. The physical energy of the material brain provides the momentum to keep the functional path moving but the path itself is controlled by the rules vested in the functional path both through conditioning and heredity. The rules change the physical patterns of the neurological activity of the brain so that the brain is continuously processing different information. The functional path is the intangible aspect of the process and is what we call and experience as our minds. The mind controls what the brain is processing. The mind is an intangible affecter controlling the brain. The mind is the functional path. The brain is the physical path.
That was very clear for me, but I have no doubt you are thinking “What?” What I just did was to show you how something that is nothing can effect something that is physical. The explanation is far from complete but the essential concept is there in full. You need to study the argument because we will be carrying the implications a long ways. The setting of the mind is one of the easiest places to catch a glimpse of what an intangible affecter is but we are going to find them in everything. You want to make yourself comfortable with the argument now.
An intangible affecter is not nothing. It is just not something material/physical/substantial. Nor is it something in some other than physical realm if there are such other realms. (In other words, it doesn’t exist in some spiritual realm.) It exists by virtue of its effect. Intangible affecters only exist as the specific interactions of things in a dynamic context. They have no separate existence of their own. They are the specificity of events carried on the substrate of material things. The events are more than the mere interactions of physically related objects. Their specificity creates functions, functions such as our selves.
The specificity of an event sets the stage for the next thing to happen. For example, if the specific events leading to the formation of DNA did not happen, it is likely that the earth would be barren of life. The functions of DNA and evolution were crucial to our existence. It is not the domain of physics to explain function but more importantly it is not physical nature alone that determines specific events. There has been a functional path of events being carried on the physical substrate of the physical Universe ever since the time the presumed symmetry of the Universe was broken. The specificity of events that occurred has forever been shaping the events occurring. This is an active relationship wherein an event’s specificity affects the outcome of events just as does the innate physical nature of material. Function is interacting with physical nature in determining what happens. This is not understood. When it is understood there will evolve a science of intangible affecters parallel to physics that will be useful for understanding such things as societies, culture, economic trends, evolution, organisms, “selves”, consciousness and other complex and simpler organizations. We are going to develop the principles of intangible affecters sufficiently to understand consciousness.
To begin with, let’s work on making the distinction between a physical path of events and a functional path of events. The physical path and the functional path are concurrent in all events in the Universe. All physical events are interconnected in a continuous unfolding of the physical Universe. The functional path, on the other hand, is carried on this physical substrate and can be continuous at times and discontinuous at other times. The functional path is no more than the patterns that are playing on the material Universe. Imagine the Universe as a sea of energy in which its present state of formation is our world today. If you were to melt down the patterns in that sea of energy by heating it back up to the level of the Big Bang, then everything that we recognize as the world would disappear, back into a non-differentiated state. It is certain that evolution would not take the same path cooling down again. It would produce a different Universe and not one in which I existed.
That is the broadest view of the functional path but we can consider the functional path in much more mundane circumstances. For example, consider an event of a storm blowing down utility lines. The physical world didn’t become discontinuous; it didn’t disappear. On the other hand, the ball game on the television went off, my conversation with my daughter in Texas was broken, the food in the refrigerator is getting warm without refrigeration, and one can’t call on the telephone to find out what is being done about the situation. The functional path of many things has become discontinuous. It means that many things that might have happened didn’t or won’t happen. Of course from a purely physical point of view nothing stopped. The storm interrupted the functional path of things going on but it did not interrupt the physical path. Some functional paths became discontinuous and other functional paths were begun.
The storm is a pattern in the sea of energy that is the Universe. It is a major intangible affecter. Its energy is that of its substance but its effect is created by the relationship of its form to other forms. The wave of destruction that it causes is relative to the way that its form impacts other forms in the sea of energy.
The transient patterns supervening on the sea of energy are the functional path. These dynamic patterns are merely the intangible relationships of transient forms but they are what the world and we are. The interactions of physical forms are at the boundary of the physical path and the functional path. Physics describes the regularities of physical nature as regards energy and the physical forces. Function is a description of the specificity of forms and their interactions. From that boundary, the functional path grows into a world of its own with its own rules and emergent properties. These relationships are intangible to begin with but they also build on each other into very complex forms that include qualities that are entirely abstract yet effect physical events. An organism, for example, is a hierarchical ordering of forms within higher levels of forms or, we could say, of patterns within patterns. Forms co-opt physical nature for their empowerment to affect physical events but then they add the effects of their own configuration to the result. In an organism, the forms that create gates and timers set up the coordination of organ systems. Coordination is obviously an emergent property that has no explanation in the vocabulary of physics. Coordination is a functional or intangible affecter of physical events and also of intangible events.
Functions are intangible affecters because their effectual nature exists only in a time lapsed pattern of activity. Patterns of activity do not exist substantially in the moment, as do physical things. Let’s consider a rifle for an example of these ideas. Let’s say that the trigger, hammer, firing pin and barrel are all objects made of steel. They are all separate objects but they function together as a rifle. If you remove the firing pin, the rest of the parts will not function as a rifle. This demonstrates that the firing pin is crucial to the RIFLE (RIFLE = function of the rifle). If you replace the firing pin with a blob of steel, the RIFLE will not function. This demonstrates that the form of the firing pin is crucial to the RIFLE. If you replace the firing pin with one made of hard ceramic, the assembly of objects will again be a RIFLE. This demonstrates that the form of the firing pin is more crucial than its material. It is clear that the form and functioning of the firing pin is a part of the cause of the RIFLE firing a bullet. The firing pin’s function is a synthesis of the effect of the firing pin’s form on the dynamic nature of the firing pin’s materials and the firing pin’s interactive relationship with the other parts of the RIFLE.
I call functions, which are the specific relationships that affect how the dynamic natures of material things are expressed, intangible affecters. Relationships are intangible. The intangible aspects of the RIFLE are in the specificity of relationships of its physical components and their interactions. They are in specific dimensions, shapes, distances apart, times of action and the pattern of interactions. Imagine a rifle. Next, imagine that only the outline of the rifle’s components is left after everything material about the rifle is pushed into a hidden dimension so that it is like a schematic drawing. Then imagine the RIFLE firing in this schematic form. This is what the RIFLE (the function of the rifle) is. (The schematic outlines were merely a prop to get across the idea of relationships as different than their material carriers). The functional role of the firing pin is intangible yet it is effectual and essential to the RIFLE. The RIFLE itself is an intangible affecter, too, at a higher level of organization. A RIFLE was used to assassinate President Kennedy, an event that had an immense impact on the physical and functional paths of the world.
Physical nature and functions determine the kind of events that can happen between things. The interactive relationships between forms are intangible affecters. Everything that is physical is in a form. Therefore an intangible affecter is created in every physical event. In every physical event, physical nature and function are co-affecters determining the outcome of the event. Events are never isolated implying that they are always in a broader context. The nature of function is such that a broader context is a network of indirect relationships affecting an event. The relationships in a broader context may also be complex including abstract affecters such as control, timing, coordination, anticipation, intent, representation, computation, navigation, agency, dependence, determination and every other quality that we recognize as an affecter. Complex intangible affecters can have dominant control over events such that they appear to use the physical substrate as a mere vehicle to their ends. It is the capacity of intangible affecters to shape events that makes the kind of world in which human culture exists. Physical nature hardly contributes to the functions of our lives except to set limits on what the physical substrate carrying the functional relationships can do. The important shapers of life and human culture are the relationships between things. Even when these relationships are abstract they are still true affecters. These principles are essential to understanding “self” and consciousness.
It is very naïve to think that physics could be the final arbiter of the explanation of events. If it were merely physical nature that determined what happened, then as much as I believed that I could plan and articulate a plan, it would be a falsehood. How could I make choices if physical laws determine what I will do? And if I can’t make choices, why do I believe that I do? I am not that stupid. We know that we are making choices. We just don’t understand how we do it due to our illusion that physics is the final arbiter of all explanations of events.
Relationships can affect other relationships. That is, something intangible can affect something else that is intangible. Suppose a group of people wants to go to New York. They are put in a vehicle with a propulsion system. That is one set of relationships. The vehicle is designed with wings so that it can fly. That is another set of relationships or one intangible thing affecting another intangible thing. You might say that it is arbitrary where I divide up the relationships in an airplane. Maybe so, but the idea of conveying people in a vehicle came long before the relationships that enabled the vehicle to fly.
Life is an event in which systems having different functions are associated in an organism. The difference in the evolution of an airplane and an organism sheds light on what makes humans so original in evolution. Nature could only develop interdependent systems of relationships such as in an organism in contemporaneous evolution. Evolution is a blind creator. It does not have a mind that can represent or manipulate a design for creation but it did create man with a mind that could. The supporting systems of relationships that made this possible include being someone (a ‘self’) with agency (the means to affect other things), free will (a ‘selfish’ desire to affect other things) and a navigation system (consciousness) to facilitate movement.
The distinctions of function are not made in explaining events through physics. It is not a firing pin in the RIFLE. It is steel object a. or b. If we describe the function of the firing pin then we have moved into the description of specific relationships or intangible affecters. An intangible affecter depends on the physical substrate for its energy. Its effect comes from the specificity of the form of the physical substrate.
Let me illustrate this for you using a common form of relationship: the lock and key. When my path brings me to a locked door the flow of events reaches a critical juncture whereat the availability of the relationship vested in the right key determines a course of events that allows me to go through the doorway with little application of physical force. The relationship of the key to the lock was the major affecter of the event. A narrow-minded physicist may ignore the fact that the key in the lock mediated the amount of energy needed to open the door. There was merely the event. But then, he would be ignoring the specificity of the relationships and their significance. He would only be looking at the physics. He would be saying that to physics it doesn’t matter if you had to break down the door with a sledgehammer. (Notice that the affecter is not the key itself or the lock itself but is rather the relationship of the key to the lock.)
By ignoring the specific effects of relationships, all the physicist sees is physics. He does not note that the outcome of events would be different if the circumstances were different. It means that when he tries to explain consciousness, for example, he does not recognize the physical effects of intangible relationships and therefore finds that his physics is inadequate to explain consciousness. Agency in the form of my ‘self’ that is able to make choices and act upon them is an example of where physics is totally inadequate to explain events. Agency is the result of the organization of relationships into complex intangible affecters.
Molecular biology reveals that most all of the foundations of life’s processes depend upon lock and key relationships. At the cell wall, the passage of nutrients and wastes, hormones and neurotransmitters, glandular secretions and medicine are mostly lock and key relationships. The lock and key are a type in the taxonomy of intangible affecters. Lock and key relationships generally serve as gate openers for other events. Add another intangible, the timer, to facilitate coordination to the lock and key and you have the basis of design for very complex systems. Scientists have understood many relationships involved in complex systems, yet they don’t recognize that functions are affecters. They deal with them as affecters but vaguely assume that their effects will be explained by physics.
That perspective prevents science from understanding how complex systems are built from abstract relationships. It is not so much of a problem when only physical relationships are considered but intangible affecters are also built from the relationships of intangible things. If you want to understand why the words of this text are having an effect on you, you will have to go much farther than the mere fact of their configuration out there in the external world. Very little of the event of your reading and understanding these words will fall into the domain explained by physics. There is absolutely nothing physical about understanding. It is entirely manifested in a configuration of functional relationships. Similarly, we don’t recognize that agency is a brain form that creates agency because we are looking for a physical explanation. The study of intangible affecters must find its place along side that of physics if we are to understand consciousness.
The angle at which a billiard ball hits the billiard table determines the further course of the billiard ball. That is the perspective of physics. The billiard table is also the agent that contains the billiard balls and redirects their courses in the game of billiards. That perspective looks at the function of the billiard table. It is hard to see agency in such a simple relationship, but as the complexity of relationship increases, agency becomes more apparent. Take a hand for example. The specificity of relationships entrained in the form a hand mold the dynamic nature of its materials. Like the function of a billiard table, the specificity of relationships that form a hand are woven like an intangible glove so as to contain and direct the physical nature of the materials of the hand. My hand defies gravity by grasping and picking up things that are trying to fall. This is an effectual emergent property created by the specificity of relationships in a hand. The idea in my brain of ‘wanting to pick something up’ is not much different than the hand, which it directs; they are both specific dynamic relationships in a physical substrate. The idea of ‘wanting to pick something up’ is a relationship through which physical energy is channeled to effect action.
Just as a specificity of relationships creates the emergent properties of the hand, so too, a specificity of relationships in the brain creates the emergent properties of a ‘self’ such as you or I. The ‘self’ seems to be more abstract and therefore more baffling than a hand. If you didn’t have a familiarity with hands and a hand were in a box like the ‘self’ is in a head and all you could see was a cornucopia of ‘handmade’ products coming out the box without seeing the mechanism making them, it would seem just a baffling. We hear and see the products of the ‘self’ in words, ideas and behavior. They express the emergent properties of the specificity of relationships of brain forms. It may seem that I initiate activities by being at their inception. That impression is commensurate with the nature of functional relationships. The functional way in which we think uses the organization of an action plan, which is a subject / doing some action / (usually to some object). It is the structural relationships of this form that makes it seem that I am at the inception of my actions. If we can first see how it is that we as ‘selves’ are organized then we will be better able to understand our experience of consciousness.
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When handed the microphone, the Patriots coach thanked the crowd, which braved the wintry conditions. He raised the trophy high into the air. He credited his players. And then he started the most Belichick chant ever.
"As great as today is, in all honesty, we're five weeks behind 30 teams in the league in preparing for the 2017 season," Belichick said Monday morning at the Super Bowl MVP press conference.
The best part? The parade began on a Tuesday morning, which means the fans who showed up to celebrate with the Patriots definitely did not show up to work for the entire day, which means most of them took the day off or at least a portion of it, which means they all failed to meet Belichick's expectations, which means they're never going to earn his respect.
Belichick always wins.
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Sean Wagner-McGough joined CBS Sports in 2015 after graduating from UC Berkeley. A native of Seattle, Sean now resides in the Bay Area. He spends his spare time defending Jay Cutler on Twitter.
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How to Make Sure Your Baby Sleeps Safely?
Babies are incredibly finicky. Right out of the womb, you can already tell that they have their personalities and their way of doing things. It is quite beautiful when you think about it. But one thing that all babies have in common is their strange and exhausting sleep schedule. Babies sleep when they want to, for as long as they want to, just like the rest of us. They just don’t do it when we do. It’s like they’re perpetually jet-lagged. Even when they are asleep, we constantly worry about their safety and comfort, often despite our own.
If you worry about the duration and the quality of our baby’s sleep, here are things you can do to ensure they—and subsequently, you, get those much-needed Z’s.
Secure Sleeping Environment
Secure Sleeping Environment
One thing that a baby always responds to his touch. When we hold our baby it gives them a sense of security that becomes deeply ingrained in their head. Unfortunately, we can’t be holding our kids 24/7. That would be weird.
Also, it would completely kill our arm. We can still provide that kind of comfort and security to our baby with a simple trick: sleeping environment. Using a weighted blanket for babies works the same way as it would for an adult. There’s something about pressure that gives a feeling of security. Couple that with a soft bed and a completely flat surface and your baby will be sleeping as soundly as they ever did.
Modern Monitors
Baby monitors have been a staple of modern child-rearing since 1980. They were essentially one-way radios that picked up on a baby’s crying. Those are still very useful, we just have much better and more advanced versions. Today, baby monitors work a lot like those cameras you put up at your front door. They’ve got all the capabilities of a security system, just downsized and applied to the crib.
If there’s any kind of movement or crying, the motion sensor triggers a notification on your phone. From there you can go check out what’s going on. Because of the camera, you can even decide whether or not you need to. Modern technology like this gives us more options, and when it comes to babies, that often means more awareness and avenues to relax.
Body Positioning
Body Positioning
Positioning your baby also affects how they sleep. To avoid conditions, SIDS, or suffocation, make sure that your baby is lying flat on their back in a soft crib or flat surface. Yes, they’ll be moving around and switching from side to side. But making sure they stay, as much as possible, on their back, means you can rest assured that they can breathe right and freely as they fall asleep.
Ensuring the safety of our children is at the top of our list. There isn’t a parent alive that doesn’t understand the urge to protect and provide. In our modern and moving world. We may feel that we need to have extra precautions. Things like security blankets, monitors, and proper positions do that. When putting together, you can ensure they get a safe, quiet, and secure slumber.
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• Andrew Jonhardt
Just when I thought I had it figured out
My recent game testing sessions have been fantastic. The cards still work, and the new Event cards on the track have been a great way to add randomness. Even better, Events that increase Speed or move a player 1 more space when landed on (large game-changing effects) have been entertaining and engaging rather than annoying and game breaking. I've even come up with a new name for the project: Marvelous Racing Elite
Marvelous Racing Elite is not a great name, as it doesn't suggest much of a theme to me, but I like it more than Psychic Scrap Racers. There's no scrap in my game. Every other name idea I've had (Mid Night Club {Japanese racing club}, Psycho Bōsōzoku {Bōsōzoku is Japanese slang that tends to refer to a particular form of biker}, Redline Club) is either too close to an existing franchise or doesn't quite fit. So, Marvelous Racing it is.
The name isn't the only new thing I've come up with for Marvelous Racing. I'm currently testing drawing 1 as the default draw method instead of drawing 2. By chance, during my last testing session this weekend, I had everyone (including myself) drawing 1 as I'd been unable to bring a copy of the rules as planned. I'd completely forgotten about the draw 2 mechanic, and I didn't even realize it until I got home!
Upon reflection, I've realized that drawing 1 was actually very engaging. Being limited to an inefficient card drawing method as a player's default option has the effect of reducing rapid deck shrinkage, making cards that help draw more interesting, and making individual card effects more important. In my last testing session, I was finding uses for cards I'd previously ignored purely because drawing 2 tended to ensure I always had a "better" card in hand.
I'm planning to do more testing of 1 card draw. There was also a lot of using Maneuver cards as if the effects were instant, and I'm going to try testing that more. However, using Maneuver cards as if the effects could be activated as soon as they're played resulted in Maneuver cards staying in hand and almost never entering the field for longer than 1 turn. One of my testers actually complained about the lack of continuous effects and the lack of any need to actually keep Maneuvers on the field.
On the Godot front, the camera issue I encountered last week has been resolved. It turns out, if you put a camera node on anything but the root of the node you want the camera to follow, the camera won't work in Godot 3.1 no matter what you do. This is really weird, as nodes under the root player node should still be providing updated transform position information, but moving the camera to the node root was the only solution I could find. Outside of attempting to program the camera from scratch, of course.
Back to testing and learning. Until next week!
© 2023 by Andrew Jonhardt. Proudly created with Wix.com
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Kittie Howard
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Pronouns and Verbs and Dialogue
Before today's post swirls in verbs and pronouns, I'd like to send prayers to the good people of New Zealand. The horrific earthquake so sucked the breath out of Christchurch my heart cries. I know the strong and resolute people of New Zealand will bury their dead wrapped in tears, rebuild at whatever sacrifice, and carry on with their lives, however painful. A visit to Gallipoli several years ago defined and honored the national character of the New Zealanders and Australians (for they have suffered much from natural disasters.) Each year, Anzac Day commemorates a spirit that neither retreats nor runs from adversity. Sadly, this April 25th will be especially poignant.
I'd like to give a warm welcome to my new followers and a hug to older followers who've hung in there with me. My eyes pop when I see the number, over 300! Who, me? I think. When I began blogging, I honestly didn't know where the experience would lead. I thank you for the richness you've brought to my life, for all that I've learned from you, and for allowing me to be me. Another day we'll celebrate the 300th Follower milestone.
In the meantime, a conversation with sixteen-year-old Michelle, a neighbor's lovely daughter, triggered today's post. When Michelle complained the YA book on their coffee table had made her "feel stupid", I asked to take a look. The next day I returned the book, eyebrows raised. Michele had spoken the truth. If, however, the author (and, presumably, the editor) had paid attention to basic English grammar, an age-appropriate book with a strong plot and interesting setting would have elicited a different reaction. Here's why:
Excessive pronoun usage caused the reader, yours truly, to flip pages to determine who was who in much of the dialogue, why a vague who said what to another vague who, and, by the way, this it referred back to . . . more flipped pages. Without help from the author, I thought I'd fallen into Albert and Costello's Who's on First? However, slapstick doesn't work in a non-comedic read. The constant annoyance at flipping pages faded the plot and characterizations into a reader's survival blur, certainly not the author's intent.
The second dialogue problem I encountered involved the past progressive tense (was going, was looking, was thinking and so on.) I knew, from teaching seventh through twelfth grades, that ninth graders (usually about 14 years old) live in the past progressive tense. However, because all of the older characters in Michelle's book lived in this awkward tense, characterizations came across as forced and unbelievable. The past progressive tense (was going, was looking, was thinking and so on) can be an evasive tense which allows time to bridge a threatening why asked in the present progressive tense or to evade what's anticipated and so on. Some real examples, with the teacher's thoughts, from classroom days:
Why are you standing near the window?
(When you should be seated at your desk. Hmmm.)
I was looking to see if it was raining.
(It's a bright sunny day. Hmm)
Why are you talking to X?
(While you're taking a test. Hmmm.)
I was telling X my mother wants to talk to h/h mother.
(While you're taking a test! HMMM.)
Why don't you have your homework?
(Again! Hmmm.)
I was cooking breakfast and an egg fell on it.
(Really? Hmmm.)
The book I borrowed from Michelle, a book more for an eighteen-year-old, lived in the past progressive tense. By the age of 18, a student's verb usage has evolved into more mature choices:
Ninth-grader: I was going to see that movie, but my friend said it sucked.
Eighteen-year-old: I heard that movie sucked. Or, I've heard that movie sucked.
Michelle's book so frustrated, I thought I'd never escape that read. I did, however, keep in mind what had irritated and made a point to listen intently to dialogues of all ages, both in real live and on television. I found the past progressive tense common with young teens in real life turned into strong verbs on television. Otherwise, I rarely heard the past progressive tense. . . except for one itty bitty observation: I was just going is popular with everyone.
Hmmm, I was just going to Home Depot when the phone rang. Honest!
Tuesday, February 8, 2011
How Now, Brown Cow?
(Today's Louisiana story lacks a plot or complex characters. Today's story is about the mundane, the ordinary, that evolves into a larger picture, life. I have warm memories of childhood games that led to much for me, but know others who carry different memories. For too many, the Good Ole Days were anything but that.)
* * * * *
The house felt empty in the morning quiet. Like a rabbit afraid to move, nervous eyes scanned the bedroom's celery green walls, rested upon the framed crayon drawing of a yellow clown, and blinked a smile.
My room looked the same: red-haired Raggedy Ann sat atop the white chest of drawers near the closed door; three green- and yellow-swirled cushioned stools waited beneath a low table painted white, a yellow lamp at the left corner, near a jacks-filled Mason jar; and to the left of me, lacy white curtains shadowed a drawn shade above a white bookcase, small books in neat rows. A white rocker with a menagerie of stuffed animals filled the corner, between the bed and the chest of drawers. My yellow robe draped over the chair's arm.
Comforted by the familiar in the heavy, mid-January light, I pushed aside the bed covers, stepped into fuzzy slippers, and tip-toed to the rocker for my robe. The yellow slippers slapped against the hardwood floor: one, two, three, four, five, six. I stopped, took a deep breath, and named the months: January, February, March, April, May, June. In almost six months, on July 9, 1953, I would be six years old. At the happy thought, I buttoned the yellow robe Mama had made, hurried out of the bedroom, and raced down the hall toward the kitchen, slapping and counting . . . seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven . . . . I slammed on the brakes before entering the kitchen.
Mama stood tall and slim at the edge of the white-tiled kitchen counter, near the wall clock. She had big blue eyes in a fair-complexioned oval face with high cheeks and full lips. Mama wore a chocolate-brown, long-sleeved, shirt-waist dress, stockings, and dark brown flats, the shoes she'd bought on Canal Street when we visited her mother in New Orleans weeks earlier for Christmas.
Mama didn't wear the pretty shoes outside. She fussed that the January rains had turned our South Louisiana farm into a mud puddle. This wasn't quite true, but I'd learned that adults talked indirectly, that the words I heard usually meant something else. Since it wasn't raining today, I knew Mama complained about living on a farm and not in New Orleans. However, I didn't say anything. Adults made things too complicated to talk about.
Mama waited with a bright, white smile. After I completed the morning ritual and told her the time, 8:33 a.m., she kissed my forehead, poured me a glass of cold milk, then crossed to the stove. While the bacon fried, I counted the big sips of milk, twelve, wiped one white moustache with one yellow napkin, and waited five minutes for breakfast: one egg buried under grits, two strips of bacon, and one slice of unbuttered toast (which made butter a zero.)
Midway through a bite of toast, my eyes froze into blue saucers. I was minus one sister. Sarah's chair stood empty. My three-year-old sister had disappeared. Much to my surprise, the bumbling, knock-everything-down activity that infuriated on a normal day left a worried emptiness this morning. I pulled closer to the kitchen table and tilted my head to see through the window, across the pasture to Ma's house.
My grandparent's Big House looked empty. Scalloped shades hung low in windows, like a white house with Band-aids. Ma raised the shades every morning at 8:00. In an era when few had telephones, the ritual told passers-by in the rural community the day had begun without incident. Unable to grasp why Ma had broken the routine, I scrunched my nose into deeper thought (a habit Sarah said made me look like a freckled bass.)
Mama saw the confused look and half-smiled an apologetic explanation. Sarah had dressed and run across the pasture to sweet-talk Ma into making pancakes. Daddy, who had graduated from Louisiana State University's School of Law, had gone to his mother's to get Sarah. He was in a hurry because he had to be at the courthouse in Baton Rouge by 10:00. However, when Ma learned about the trip, she decided to go. She wanted to visit a niece in Baton Rouge. Sarah then cried she wanted to go. To keep the peace and with precious time fading, Daddy acquiesced.
After the explanation, Mama patted me on the head and left to tend to Dan, my baby brother. He slept in a crib in my parent's bedroom. Alone in the kitchen, I stared at grits and bacon that now looked yucky. I felt left out. Everybody had something exciting to do except me. Tick! Tick! Tick! The clock sounded like a canon in the too-quiet room.
Dan's sudden cry snapped me back to reality. I hid the bacon I didn't like on the window sill, behind the yellow curtain panel, to dispose of later, and swirled the yellow egg yolk I didn't like into grits divided into two mounds. After I ate the white mound, I flattened the smaller yellow mound, just as Mama entered the kitchen. She smiled at the almost-empty plate.
That morning ritual accomplished, I dressed, helped Mama make my bed, and selected a book to read. While we sat on the living room sofa, as we did most weekday mornings, Mama held Dan in the crook of her left arm, and listened to me read. I hoped there would be a really big word. Mama turned tongue twisters into a game. The day before, we'd laughed at how many cows could fit into a coliseum.
Just as I'd turned the story's last page, I heard my grandfather's steps on the porch and rushed to open the front door. I giggled and laughed as he swooped me up, swung me down, and removed his felt grey hat. My grandfather was tall and muscled thin. He had deep blue eyes in a clear oval face, chiseled cheeks, and a firm jaw. Pa asked if I wanted to ride with him to check on the cows in a back pasture. He didn't have to ask twice. Mama bundled me into a heavy coat and warm mittens. The cap she'd crocheted pushed my auburn hair under the black coat's collar.
I chatted about my favorite book, One, Two, and Three Kittens, while Pa drove the Ford truck, careful to stay on the dirt track and not disturb bordering grasses. A man of few words, he listened, nodded, and asked questions that sparked my chatter. When we reached the back pasture, he cut the truck's engine. We walked toward the scattered, brown-faced cows he had separated from the main herd. Accustomed to Pa's presence, they continued to graze.
Some minutes later, satisfied that nothing looked amiss, Pa pushed back his hat and asked how many legs a cow had. I giggled the obvious answer. My mind went blank when he asked how many legs existed when the number multiplied . . .two cows times four legs . . . eight legs. Several cows and many legs later, my mind exploded with energy. I didn't have to count the legs on my fingers, stop at ten and begin again. By the time Pa drove me home, I had become like Sarah, too eager to sit still. Multiplication was fun. I couldn't wait to tell Mama.
If you read "Remy Broussard's Christmas", a holiday story I posted, you know that Remy was fictitious, but the setting was real. For two years, first and third grades, I attended a three-room school with two grades in each room. I skipped the second grade because my family had spent time with me, preparing me for school, and because I sat where Remy sat, next to the second-grade, I could absorb lessons there.
Today, as I sit at the keyboard and think back to that classroom, I see eager faces who learned under difficult conditions: crowded, unheated classrooms in a school that lacked a cafeteria, educational toys, and, often, barely trained teachers, if that trained. I was one of the lucky ones because my family owned land and enjoyed a comfortable income.
I say 'lucky' because, there for the grace of God go I: the majority of my classmates were the sons and daughters of sharecroppers, hard-working people trapped in a system that prevented economic progress. My family had the money to purchase books. My parents didn't work in the fields from dawn to dusk and had the time to spend with me. Most of the kids I attended school with dropped out of school when they turned 13, to work in the fields alongside their parents. It is sad to think how their lives might have been if opportunity had existed. Parents needed their kids in the fields to work off exorbitant rents or face eviction. With nowhere else to go, the system perpetuated itself. Until 1964.
The 1964 Civil Rights Act broke the back of the sharecropper system. Recovery takes time.
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四次被教委评为先进集体
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已拥有超过1万平方米的自有办公场地和固定教室专注于考研，专升本前辅导
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RICHARD MADELEY transformed himself into Ali G on This Morning yesterday - after I urged him to update his boring hairstyle.
The game-for-a-laugh TV star donned a Tommy Hilfiger hat, yellow shell suit and wrap-around shades - and even talked gangsta style.
When his wife and co-host Judy told him she wasn't prepared to present the whole programme with him dressed as Ali - brainchild of comic Sacha Baron Cohen - Richard replied: 'Is it because I is black?'
Richard presented the opening segment of This Morning in his new gear and rang me afterwards to say he loved my Have It Off Richard campaign on Saturday, in which I urged him to change his haircut of ten years.
He said: 'Judy fancies me like this and I reckon I'll be wearing it in the bedroom - she thinks I look sexy.
'I thought your story was hysterical. My children Jack and Chloe loved it, although Jack thought I should go for the Fran from Travis haircut.
'I won't be adopting this look permanently, though, because a lot of the viewers like me the way I am.'
More than 4,000 fans rang the show to cast their vote on whether Richard should opt for Ali G chic as opposed to the styles of Travis singer Fran Healy, footballer David Beckham and long-haired Changing Rooms guru Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen.
While I was hoping Richard would change his image for good, he has promised to trim his fly-away locks ... I'm waiting.
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Write For Us
8 Creative Study Methods
Sometimes you simply can't imagine studying another subject for another minute. You've officially given up and refuse to care anymore. You have taken four final exams already and are looking down the barrel of the shotgun that's going to fire off three more finals any second. How do you progress when the thought of sitting down in front of a pile of books and notes makes you want to scream? How do you move beyond apathy to ensure you get the score you really want on that final or midterm exam?
Here's how: you get creative. The following list encompasses twenty different creative study methods that are sure to help heal you of the study blahs.
Read your chapter aloud…
as a Shakespearean monologue. And if you really want to make it good, speak the Queen's English. Everything sounds better in the Queen's English.
Try it: The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. Sounds better, right? Right.
…as if you were giving a presidential address. Be sure to have the unmistakable half-fist ready. And I'm sure your professor would be happy to give you extra credit if you record this address and put it on YouTube. I am almost positive I heard her saying that yesterday.
…in a New Jersey accent. Because, when you're here, you're family. Or else.
Play a Game
…like Jeopardy. Convince a really good friend or really interested parent to give you the answers to questions on your study guide. You must provide the questions. I'll take Potent Potables for six, Alex.
…like Around the World. Remember that? In a small study group, one person faces off against another and moves around the group until someone beats him or her.
Then, that new person moves around the group answering questions. The person who answers the most questions correct gets a Starbucks gift card! Woo hoo!
…little pictures that represent key ideas in your content. It's easier to remember Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs if you draw a banana and a glass of orange juice next to Physiological instead of just trying to remember the word alone.
Trust me on that one.
…the same symbols over and over. Circle the main idea in each section. Draw stars next to supporting details in each section. Underline vocabulary words in each section. Draw arrows from causes to effects in each section. You're honing your reading skills while learning something new. Win-win.
…a storyboard about the chapter. Reading about the rise of FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)? Draw a storyboard that reflects his early political career, the months before his inauguration, and FDR's three-pronged strategy to get elected. Your brain will easily remember the sequence of events much better that way because generally, pictures are worth a thousand words.
…a short story placing yourself in the setting you're studying. Let's say you're learning about Elizabethan England. Or the Civil War. Drop yourself right into a scene and write from first person perspective what you see, hear, feel and want more than anything in the world. Just make sure to make it out alive.
…a poem related to your topic. Learning Trig? No sweat. The last I heard sin and cosine rhyme. Plus, not all poems have to rhyme. Go free verse on that math. See how many of those terms you can squeeze into some iambic pentameter.
…a short story following a person that you're learning about. Based on what you've learned about her, what does Mother Teresa do when she discovers a mystery in Kolkata? Incorporate everything you're learning about her into the story. Bonus points if you give the teacher your story for Christmas.
Sing a Song…
…to remember a list. It's truly one of the best ways to remember the Periodic Table of the Elements, although there's no solid reason you should know them cold. Unless, of course, you're a scientist. In which case, you'll be getting a quiz later.
…to get through a particularly tough reading passage. If you sing the passage, it may bring up different phrasing that can help you understand words you may not be getting. Still don't get it? Try one of the summary methods below.
Write a Summary…
…of the 10 key things you must absolutely remember from the passage on sticky notes. Write them in your own words because there's nothing as silly as remembering someone else's ideas when you have no idea what they mean. Summarize in a way you can understand! Then, put the sticky notes up all around your room or kitchen or bathroom. No one else living in your house will mind. I promise.
…of each paragraph in one sentence, starting at the beginning of the chapter. That little summary of the paragraph is probably the main idea. Once you have all of the main ideas of the paragraphs, string them together into one little mini-essay. You will be floored how much more you remember of the chapter when you read this way.
…by turning the chapter headings into questions and then reworking the block of text beneath the chapter headings into answers. Again, use your own words when you write the summaries.
Make Flashcards…
…on apps like Chegg, Evernote or StudyBlue. Many of them will let you add pics and sound, too. Kewl.
…on 3X5 cards like your grandmother used to use. That wasn't an insult. She actually used to use them. And Grandma knew what she was doing, for your information. By mixing up the kinesthetic action of writing with the visual on the card, your brain learns the info in two different ways. Boom!
Teach Someone Else…
…like your mom. You know how she's always asking you what you're doing in school? Now's the chance to explain what you've learned in Molecular Biology. Teach her so she really gets it. If you can't explain it in a way she can understand, better hit the books again.
…like the people in an imaginary audience. Pretend you're standing in front of a group of thousands who have all shown up (and paid top dollar, by the way) to hear you speak about Romeo and Juliet. Explain the details of this tragedy so anyone listening will understand that Benvolio was Romeo's best friend for a reason. Be sure to include the Nurse's role, too.
Recommended by
Career Advice: 8 Creative Study Methods
8 Creative Study Methods
Career Advice
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Who is making Big Bucks off our Open Borders?
The Gangs who control them and the Open Borders crowd they pay off!! That’s who!!
The Federal government owns 650 million acres in the Western States, including 40+% of the land in the border states of California, New Mexico and Arizona. When Obama refuses to control the border and his DOJ actually sues Arizona for trying to control its borders; it means that we have open borders.
The Mexican Mafia, mainly Los Zetas, controls the border. Armed coyotes patrol and frequently clash with other gangs and with our border patrols. They charge $3,000 or more per person per crossing. The Mexican Mafia completely controls the influx of drugs into America utilizing mules and very sophisticated tunnels from Mexico to America. Running illegals and drugs into America enables them to make billions.
Open borders have created problems all round. We have no idea how many illegals are crossing the border. Over 700 crossed in this one place in one month.(1) Hundreds of Militant Islamists are also being smuggled across the border.(2)
Los Zetas murders many illegals.(3) Illegals are terrorized and subjected to the most horrific crimes as they cross. Apparently, a coyote that controls a particular area “competes” with others to see how many he can rape. They create “rape trees” on which they drape the bras and panties of women and young girls that they rape. The local sheriff states he finds blood and other evidence that these are particularly vicious rapes.(4)
The crime rate in border cities is astronomical and affects all civilians. Ranchers on the border are harassed, their property trashed, their dogs shot and some have been killed.(5) Rancher Roger Barnett, who helped apprehend over 12,000 thousand illegals, was sued by illegals who were trespassing on and trashing his property. Obama’s DOJ sued Barnett for $32 Million for “violating the rights” of illegals.(6) According to news reports, this harassment is to force Barnett to give up his ranching rights and sell cheap to another group associated with local politicians who want to ensure illegals/drug smuggling continues unimpeded.
Vast swaths of our national forests have been trashed. This includes 478.000 acres of the Sonoran Desert Monument, the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, 129,00 acres of Ironwood Forest National Monument, the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge and 1.8 million acres of the Coronado National Forest. But though illegals are depositing thousands of tons of trash in the wilderness, Obama has ordered that border patrols not use vehicles “because of ecological concerns!” He has made their job impossible by ordering them to patrol on foot or by horseback!! These areas are now so dangerous that the BLM has warned off Americans!! Essentially, Obama has turned over millions of acres of our beautiful Wilderness to the Mexican Mafia.
Obama has a very cozy relationship with the Mexican Mafia. If you recall, “Fast & Furious” was a gun running scheme in which Holder’s DOJ gave over 2000 AK-47’s to the Mexican Mafia. It is obvious that the intent was to have the Mafia kill innocent people and use the murders as an excuse to blame Americans and take away our guns. Using Obama’s guns, the Mexican Mafia killed over 300 innocent Mexicans, including a bunch of kids at a teenager’s birthday party; and two of our own ICE agents. Obama has used “Executive Privilege” as an excuse to conceal details of this gun running scheme.
To sum up: The border is wide open. Obama sued Arizona, Sherriff Arpaio and even a rancher, to prevent them from controlling the border. Obama prevented the BLM from doing their job by ordering them to patrol on foot. Obama handed over 2000 guns to the Mexican Mafia. Innocent Mexicans were murdered. Innocent illegals are raped and murdered. Ranchers and American civilians are subject to horrific crimes. Our beautiful Wilderness is trashed and Americans warned not to go into those areas. Vast swaths of Federal lands have been handed over to the Mexican Mafia.
How does this benefit either the illegals or Americans?
Are we supposed to believe that Obama is not being paid off to keep the borders open for gangs running illegals and drugs?
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mini_pile
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Australian Sienna Flow 500ml
Model: 126024
$70.30 Sale: $63.27Save: 10% off
Qty :
"Artists in the inland regions of Australia had a problem for many years. Many of the colours produced by northern hemisphere paint manufacturers are aimed at the softer light of Europe and other cool regions The extraordinary light in more exotic and warmer regions such as North Africa, the American Midwest, and much of Australia gives the landscape a remarkable luminosity. The sky can be almost pure cobalt and the earth is alive with luminous reds, oranges and yellows. Photographs of places like Kakadu show rocks that are an extraordinarily bright orange. Transparent yellow, red and umber oxides were ideal for many of these colours but there was a need for a transparent sienna colour as well to get that Kakadu-like orange. As no pigment had the precise requirements Matisse was hearing from artists in the field, their colour specialists created this unique blend. It has an earthy orange mass tone with a golden undertone that perfectly captures the enriched sienna type colours in arid regions.
It is not just Kakadu that has such intense saturation of colour since Australia is full of these richly coloured landscapes. From Port Augusta to Cape York; from Kalgoorlie to Collaroy landscapes are full of intense light and richly saturated colour. The Grand Canyon and surrounding regions in the US have these colours as does the Sahara and special places like Petra. Australian Sienna has the richness of colour to work well in all of these landscapes.
In many ways it could be regarded as a gold ochre but the traditional gold ochre pigments lack the transparency and therefore the golden glow of the undertone. Undertone is the colour that is revealed when a paint is very thin. There will always be some difference from the appearance of the colour when it is thick (the mass tone) but some colours have a vast difference between mass tone and undertone. This can be a very attractive effect. Usually those colours are transparent. Australian Sienna is one of the colours with a very distinctive undertone.
Because it is so transparent it is a delightful colour when making olive greens and mixtures with reds glow with rich beautiful colour. When mixed with Matisse Scarlet or Primary red it produces the deepest reds of places like Kakadu or the Arches National Park and with just a touch of Australia Ghost Gum added to the mix the pinks of stone in places like Petra come to mind. Considering the name of the colour it is actually a great international traveller and perfect for the most extraordinary landscape subjects worldwide. Because Australian Sienna is so different to Raw Sienna it behaves quite differently in mixtures and both colours earn a place in the paintbox along side each other.
also purchased
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Timothy's Summery
Hello All,
Timothy, was born with CHDs. Timothy was born December 31, 2010. Prior to his birth we had no idea he had a “Broken Heart” Timothy was born In Hillsboro Oregon. When he was born he turned so blue, his Sats (oxygen saturations) where down in the 20’s and no one knew why. A few hours after birth they started up. Staying in the 50’s for awhile and then 80’s..
He was transported to OHSU (Doernbecher) the next day. That is where we found out he was born with Double outlet right ventricle, Ventricular septal defect, Bicuspid aortic valve, Pulmonary hypertension… When leaving the hospital on day 5 his sats where in upper 80’s lower 90’s. Upon leaving we were told his surgery would be between 4-6 months of age.
Between 1month and 7 ½ months old. Timothy’s life was filled with Dr visits, hospital stays, Timothy was seen for reflux disease, dietician consult, poor growth, NG Tube placement, ( at 2 months old) G-Tube placement, heart failer after being placed on oxygen, balloon dilation/atrial septostomy, feeding intolerance, echocardiograms demonstrated a muscle bundle, cardiac MRIs, he had an average of 8 medications at a time, Failure to thrive, worsening heart failure, RSV Positive, High flow nasal cannula, respitory distress, rash all over body, poor weight gain, cardiac catheterization, sats dropping to 50-60’s, Tissue bundle (in his heart), We was told Timothy would most likely need all the surgery’s Dr Langley would do on one patient over the course of Timothy’s life. This would be 6 surgery’s.
On our pre op appointment Dr Kelly and Dr Langley had informed us that a Dr (Forgot his name) from Canada had come in for Fridays meeting and they talked about Timothy’s heart. The Dr asked them if they can push off Timothy’s surgery for another so his team can build some 3D models of Timothy’s Heart.
Aug 10, 2011 is now surgery Day
Mike, Christopher & I walked Timothy down the hall to hand him to the nurses. I kissed him and told him how much we love him. .. That morning Dr Kelly showed me the models. It was so cool. They made 5 of them to the size of his heart at 6 weeks old. WOW was it big for being 6 weeks old.
Surgery went wonderful they found a Atrial septal defect. They cut the Tissue bundle, and put in 2 patches.
The Surgeon said no bigger surgery’s are planed. Timothy’s tissue bundle that they had cut could be a main artery to his heart. The Dr’s said it could take minutes, weeks, hours, months, years, before his heart decides to shut down. This would mean Timothy may need a pacemaker in the future.
Timothy will have another Echo April 2014 and find out if/when he will need to have another heart surgery. He now has subpulmonary stenosis. His pulmonary wall is thickening. Subpulmonary stenosis: A narrowing in the artery that allows blood to flow from the right heart ventricle to the lungs in order to be oxygenated. Severity of symptoms is determined by the degree of narrowing.
For more CHD information go to The Children Heart Foundation. Or visit my sons page Facebook:CHD Fighter Team TimothyTimothyoylear.blogspot.com
Today and everyday we are beyond thankful for your boys. The tears are something that always fall when I get to thinking of all the things we have been through in Timothy’s life and all the things the future can bring. I spend most of my time trying to help spread awareness for CHD. You can help spread awareness by telling people about CHD, pregnant woman, people who are thinking of starting or adding to their family. You do not have to do anything wrong in your pregnancy or eat/ take something wrong while nursing. CHD just happens.
February 7-14 is Congenital Heart Defect Awareness week.
But we should be spreading the awareness all year long.
Raising national awareness about CHD is so important. It will provide hope for many families of CHD fighters and comfort to those whose loved ones have lost their battles. It will inform the general public about symptoms of CHDs and could save lives. It will affirm the need for researchers and medical professionals to continue their work to improve the outcome for CHD patients.
Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) affects approximately 1.8 Million Families in the United States. CHDs are the most common birth defect and the leading cause of birth-defect related deaths WORLDWIDE. Nearly twice as many children die from CHDs as from all childhood cancers combined, yet research for cancer receives five times the funding. There are currently 35 distinct CHDs recognized. There is no known cause for CHDs and there is NO CURE. Only treatment, such as medicines, numerous surgeries and heart transplants. Each year an estimated 1 in 100 babies are born in the United States with a congenital heart defect, 1in 10 of those are born with a fatal defect. 50% of those babies will need at lease 1 life saving operation. Many families do not even know about CHDs until it happens to someone they love. The earlier CHD is detected and treated, the more likely it is that the affected child will survive and have fewer long term health complications. Early detection is important.
PULSE OXIMETRY. Is a non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the saturation of a patients oxygen. A sensor is placed on your fingertip(Children/Adults) and across a food (infant).
Funding and research for CHDs is very little. We need more funding so we can treat, prevent, save lives and cure CHD.
Most of the U.S. Funding goes to Childhood cancers, and Breast Cancer.
Here are a few ways you can help bring awareness to CHD
Share these links. These are Team Timothy links. One is his blog where you can give to a donation to Childrens Heart Foundation, Join Team Timothy Heart Walk in Portland Oregon. Wear Red For CHD on February 14, Share his youtube video, and add him on facebook.
1 comment:
1. That was a beautiful story. And OMG Dr. Langley is Harlans doctor!!
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#compdef mpv
# ZSH completion for mpv
#
# For customization, see:
# https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv/wiki/Zsh-completion-customization
#
# This file is part of mpv.
#
# mpv is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# mpv is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with mpv. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#
local curcontext="$curcontext" state state_descr line
typeset -A opt_args
local -a match mbegin mend
local MATCH MBEGIN MEND
# By default, don't complete URLs unless no files match
local -a tag_order
zstyle -a ":completion:*:*:$service:*" tag-order tag_order ||
zstyle ":completion:*:*:$service:*" tag-order '!urls'
typeset -ga _mpv_completion_arguments _mpv_completion_protocols
function _mpv_generate_arguments {
_mpv_completion_arguments=()
local -a option_aliases=()
local list_options_line
for list_options_line in "${(@f)$($words[1] --list-options)}"; do
[[ $list_options_line =~ $'^[ \t]+--([^ \t]+)[ \t]*(.*)' ]] || continue
local name=$match[1] desc=$match[2]
if [[ $desc == Flag* ]]; then
_mpv_completion_arguments+="$name"
if [[ $name != (\{|\}|v|list-options) ]]; then
# Negated version
_mpv_completion_arguments+="no-$name"
fi
elif [[ -z $desc ]]; then
# Sub-option for list option
if [[ $name == *-(clr|help) ]]; then
# Like a flag
_mpv_completion_arguments+="$name"
else
# Find the parent option and use that with this option's name
_mpv_completion_arguments+="${_mpv_completion_arguments[(R)${name%-*}=*]/*=/$name=}"
fi
elif [[ $desc == Print* ]]; then
_mpv_completion_arguments+="$name"
elif [[ $desc =~ $'^alias for (--)?([^ \t]+)' ]]; then
# Save this for later; we might not have parsed the target option yet
option_aliases+="$name $match[2]"
else
# Option takes argument
local entry="$name=-:${desc//:/\\:}:"
if [[ $desc =~ '^Choices: ([^(]*)' ]]; then
local -a choices=(${(s: :)match[1]})
entry+="($choices)"
# If "no" is one of the choices, it can also be negated like a flag
# (--no-whatever is equivalent to --whatever=no).
if (( ${+choices[(r)no]} )); then
_mpv_completion_arguments+="no-$name"
fi
elif [[ $desc == *'[file]'* ]]; then
entry+='->files'
elif [[ $name == (ao|vo|af|vf|profile|audio-device|vulkan-device) ]]; then
entry+="->parse-help-$name"
elif [[ $name == show-profile ]]; then
entry+="->parse-help-profile"
fi
_mpv_completion_arguments+="$entry"
fi
done
# Process aliases
local to_from real_name arg_spec
for to_from in $option_aliases; do
# to_from='alias-name real-name'
real_name=${to_from##* }
for arg_spec in "$real_name" "$real_name=*" "no-$real_name"; do
arg_spec=${_mpv_completion_arguments[(r)$arg_spec]}
[[ -n $arg_spec ]] &&
_mpv_completion_arguments+="${arg_spec/$real_name/${to_from%% *}}"
done
done
# Older versions of zsh have a bug where they won't complete an option listed
# after one that's a prefix of it. To work around this, we can sort the
# options by length, longest first, so that any prefix of an option will be
# listed after it. On newer versions of zsh where the bug is fixed, we skip
# this to avoid slowing down the first tab press any more than we have to.
autoload -Uz is-at-least
if ! is-at-least 5.2; then
# If this were a real language, we wouldn't have to sort by prepending the
# length, sorting the whole thing numerically, and then removing it again.
local -a sort_tmp=()
for arg_spec in $_mpv_completion_arguments; do
sort_tmp+=${#arg_spec%%=*}_$arg_spec
done
_mpv_completion_arguments=(${${(On)sort_tmp}/#*_})
fi
}
function _mpv_generate_protocols {
_mpv_completion_protocols=()
local list_protos_line
for list_protos_line in "${(@f)$($words[1] --list-protocols)}"; do
if [[ $list_protos_line =~ $'^[ \t]+(.*)' ]]; then
_mpv_completion_protocols+="$match[1]"
fi
done
}
function _mpv_generate_if_changed {
# Called with $1 = 'arguments' or 'protocols'. Generates the respective list
# on the first run and re-generates it if the executable being completed for
# is different than the one we used to generate the cached list.
typeset -gA _mpv_completion_binary
local current_binary=${words[1]:c}
zmodload -F zsh/stat b:zstat
current_binary+=T$(zstat +mtime $current_binary)
if [[ $_mpv_completion_binary[$1] != $current_binary ]]; then
# Use PCRE for regular expression matching if possible. This approximately
# halves the execution time of generate_arguments compared to the default
# POSIX regex, which translates to a more responsive first tab press.
# However, we can't rely on PCRE being available, so we keep all our
# patterns POSIX-compatible.
zmodload -s -F zsh/pcre C:pcre-match && setopt re_match_pcre
_mpv_generate_$1
_mpv_completion_binary[$1]=$current_binary
fi
}
# Only consider generating arguments if the argument being completed looks like
# an option. This way, the user should never see a delay when just completing a
# filename.
if [[ $words[$CURRENT] == -* ]]; then
_mpv_generate_if_changed arguments
fi
local rc=1
_arguments -C -S \*--$_mpv_completion_arguments '*:files:->mfiles' && rc=0
case $state in
parse-help-*)
local option_name=${state#parse-help-}
# Can't do non-capturing groups without pcre, so we index the ones we want
local pattern name_group=1 desc_group=2
case $option_name in
audio-device|vulkan-device)
pattern=$'^[ \t]+'\''([^'\'']*)'\'$'[ \t]+''\((.*)\)'
;;
profile)
# The generic pattern would actually work in most cases for --profile,
# but would break if a profile name contained spaces. This stricter one
# only breaks if a profile name contains tabs.
pattern=$'^\t([^\t]*)\t(.*)'
;;
*)
pattern=$'^[ \t]+(--'${option_name}$'=)?([^ \t]+)[ \t]*[-:]?[ \t]*(.*)'
name_group=2 desc_group=3
;;
esac
local -a values
local current
for current in "${(@f)$($words[1] --${option_name}=help)}"; do
[[ $current =~ $pattern ]] || continue;
local name=${match[name_group]//:/\\:} desc=${match[desc_group]}
if [[ -n $desc ]]; then
values+="${name}:${desc}"
else
values+="${name}"
fi
done
(( $#values )) && {
compset -P '*,'
compset -S ',*'
_describe "$state_descr" values -r ',=: \t\n\-' && rc=0
}
;;
files)
compset -P '*,'
compset -S ',*'
_files -r ',/ \t\n\-' && rc=0
;;
mfiles)
local expl
_tags files urls
while _tags; do
_requested files expl 'media file' _files && rc=0
if _requested urls; then
while _next_label urls expl URL; do
_urls "$expl[@]" && rc=0
_mpv_generate_if_changed protocols
compadd -S '' "$expl[@]" $_mpv_completion_protocols && rc=0
done
fi
(( rc )) || return 0
done
;;
esac
return rc
|
mini_pile
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{'original_id': '66b8fb63893ac36d833127587e99838eb3a02b0a239093da80bad5ce73d60632'}
|
NIKE DUNK HI QS – (DOVES & BUTTERFLY)
The Doves & Butterfly Quickstrike Dunk keeps pace with with the Liberty, Marrot and Cherry Dunks of past, utilising a sweet all-over print that doesn’t patronise the female sneaker head. Coming in two styles, you can get your jammy jam on to secure your pair in the next month or so from your Quickstrike retailer. Nice to see brands are putting their kicks on a diet to cater to the slender feminine frame!
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '0847678d7bd46216452451a6a11f1ff834fe7da017ab68dbf82062f141dd32da'}
|
Careers That Pay Twice Your Current Salary
Careers To Double Your Pay
Feeling stuck at your income level? The right career could double your earnings.
By Jennifer Berry
The Great Recession. The Lesser Depression. Whatever you want to call it, these last few years have been rough. But if you're starting to despair of ever making more money, don't lose hope.
"It is possible to double your income," says Susan Heathfield, management consultant and writer of the human resources site at How long that takes will depend on a variety of factors. Are you going after promotions within your company or looking for opportunities elsewhere?
One avenue to increasing your earning potential is education. "For some occupations, like accounting or human resources, more education increases your value to a company," Heathfield says. And with the right education, you could be poised to go after some of these more lucrative positions.
If you're ready to get serious about upping your earning potential, read on for some examples of careers you can switch to that might pay double your current salary.
Making $30K? Double it to $60K.
Are you pulling in around $30,000 per year and wondering what it would take to double that amount? If you've got a head for numbers, there are a variety of financial sector positions paying $60,000 - like personal financial advisor. If you're more interested in helping people, you might want to consider looking into a career as a dental hygienist.
Personal Financial Advisor
According to the U.S. Department of Labor, personal financial advisors might help people with investments, taxes, or insurance decisions. They might also help others plan for retirement or education costs.
"This is a career with a lot of opportunity," says Heathfield. "The economic meltdown put people in challenging positions. Many don't know if they'll be able to retire. Personal financial advisors who can help these people plan for their future are going to do well."
Click to Find the Right Finance Program.
By the Numbers: If you're looking to double a $30K salary, this career could be your ticket. The median annual wage for personal financial advisors is $66,580, according to the Department of Labor.
What Does It Take? Before you go after a career as a personal financial advisor, you will probably need a bachelor's degree, notes the Department. While employers typically don't require a specific field of study, degrees in finance, accounting, economics, mathematics, business, or law could be good preparation.
Dental Hygienist
Dental hygienists provide important dental care for their patients. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, they might remove tartar and plaque from teeth, apply sealants to help protect teeth, and take and develop dental x-rays.
"There is outstanding potential in dental hygiene," says Heathfield. "This is a marvelously growing field because you have the same thing happening in the dental field as you have in the medical field. Dentists and physicians are not seeing patients for everything anymore. The dental hygienist does almost all of the preventive care now."
Click to Find the Right Dental Hygiene Program.
By the Numbers: Dental hygienists enjoy a median annual wage of $69,280, notes the Department of Labor, making this another career path that could potentially double your $30K salary. Healthfield states that with the right credentials or experience, "the top pay in this field can go as high as $100K."
What Does It Take? If this sounds like the career path you're interested in traveling down, you'll typically need an associate's degree in dental hygiene, according to the Department. Some private dental offices might only require a certificate in dental hygiene.
Heathfield brings up a few other important points to consider if you're interested in pursuing this path: "Every state has their own licensing requirements for dental hygienists, so you'll have to check those out," she says. "And higher salaries come with experience - or if you go for a bachelor's degree."
Making $40K? Double it to $80K.
What if you're looking to double your $40,000 annual salary? Assess your strengths: If you're good at managing people, you might consider pursuing a career as a medical and health services manager. If you're more tech-savvy, look into a career as a software developer. Whichever way you go, you could be on the path to doubling your salary to $80K.
Medical and Health Services Manager
Medical and health services managers (aka health care administrators) coordinate the medical services of a health care facility, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. That could mean handling patient billing, managing work schedules, and keeping up to date on laws and regulations.
"Health care will be expanding aggressively over the next few years," Heathfield says. "People that can manage others - perhaps with experience in the function they're trying to manage - will be in demand."
Click to Find the Right Health Care Administration Program.
By the Numbers: For someone with the right managerial skills and experience, this could be one way to work towards that $80K target. The Department of Labor reports the median annual wage of medical and health services managers is $86,400.
What Does It Take? According to the Department, "prospective medical and health services managers have a bachelor's degree in health administration." Master's degrees in long-term care administration, public health, health services, public administration, or business administration are also common.
Software Developer
Software developers might design, test, and develop software to meet a need, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. That could include analyzing users' needs, making flowcharts for programmers, and documenting applications for future reference.
"I think there's nowhere to go in this field but up," says Heathfield. "But a degree in computer science or engineering is critical if you want to be a developer." Why is it critical? Perhaps it's because school is where developers usually gain experience programming computers, according to the Department of Labor - skills which will help prepare them to pursue this career.
Once you've got an entry-level job as a software developer, Heathfield offers some pointers for climbing the ladder. "Work on multiple products and projects," she says. "Become the person that everyone in the department looks up to. Even if you don't want to manage other people, being a senior person in the department can make a big difference in income."
Click to Find the Right Computer Science Program.
By the Numbers: If you like to combine your creative and technical skills, this could be one road to an $80K career. According to the Department of Labor, the median annual wage of software developers who design applications is $89,280, and for those who design systems software, it is a bit higher at $96,600.
What Does It Take? You'll usually need a bachelor's degree in computer science, software engineering, or a related field to get started as a software developer, according to the Department - though computer science is the most common degree because it covers such a broad range of topics.
Making $50K? Double it to $100K.
What if you're making $50,000 a year? Wondering if it's even possible to reach six figures? It might be - but keep in mind that experience will play an important role in climbing to a salary of $100,000 a year.
Why is experience so important? Because most jobs that pay $100K - like a top executive or a human resources manager at a big company - require leadership skills that are earned over time.
Human Resources Manager
There's a good reason human resources managers bring in the big bucks. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, they might oversee recruiting, interviewing, and hiring employees. They might also be called upon to serve as a link between a company's employees and management.
"The trend in larger companies is more and more HR managers have master's degrees, and more people are taking tests like the SPHR (senior professional in human resources)," says Heathfield.
Click to Find the Right Business Administration Program.
By the Numbers: Larger salaries, says Heathfield, tend to be found in bigger cities, and usually go to senior HR managers responsible for heading entire departments (like compensation) in a bigger company.
It's true, HR managers' salaries vary depending on location and responsibilities, but this career path could lead you toward that $100K goal. According to the Department of Labor, the median annual wage of human resources managers is $99,130.
What Does It Take? You'll need both education and experience to pursue a career as a human resources manager, according to the Department. HR managers usually need a bachelor's degree in human resources or business administration, though the Department notes that higher-level jobs often require a master's degree in labor relations, human resources, or business administration.
And, as Heathfield mentioned, experience is crucial. Before you climb the ranks, you'll need to demonstrate your ability to organize, manage, and lead others - as well as have a solid understanding of federal, state, and local employment laws, she says.
Top Executive
Top executives are the big bosses - the presidents, vice presidents, and chief executive officers (CEOs) of small companies and big corporations alike. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, top executives might decide what a company's goals are and how it should go about reaching those goals.
"Top executive's salaries are dependent on their industry and how well their company is doing," says Heathfield. "But they also have all sorts of perks that ordinary employees don't, like stock options, separation packages, and bonuses."
Why do top executives earn the big bucks? "A lot of CEOs in small to mid-size companies might be the ones who started the business in the first place," Heathfield says. "They're leaders, they make decisions, they're accountable, they set direction well, they're achievers."
Click to Find the Right MBA Program.
By the Numbers: This is a hard career to fit into a box, and as Heathfield noted, all kinds of different factors can affect a top executive's pay. However, according to the Department of Labor, they are some of the highest paid workers in the United States - their median annual wage is $166,910.
What Does It Take? That depends on a lot of factors. According to the Department, a lot of top executives have a bachelor's or master's degree in business administration or in something related to their specialized field of work. They might have been promoted from lower-level management, or from supervisory positions in their own firm. Education varies by position or industry, the Department adds.
What's just as - or more - important than their education, however, is their managerial experience. So don't give up on that $100K dream - it just might take a little more time to get there.
Next Article:
@Yahoo_Education on Twitter, become a fan on Facebook
Find the Right School
|
dclm_baseline
|
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THEN WHO?
2 years ago
GOP Sen. Susan Collins: ‘Difficult to Say’ If Trump Will Be 2020 Nominee
Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) said Monday that “it’s difficult to say” whether President Trump will be the Republican party’s presidential nominee in 2020. “There is a long ways between now and that point,” Collins said during an appearance on MSNBC. Trump, who has already declared his re-election bid and still enjoys high approval ratings among Republican voters nationwide, has angered GOP lawmakers lately with his response to the Charlottesville violence in which he blamed “both sides” for the white supremacist-fueled deadly violence. Collins has been a consistent anti-Trump voice on Capitol Hill, and helped sink the GOP’s Obamacare repeal-and-replace measures by voting against each one.
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': 'd84e773235a320f69b015f8c62be7c7938c6c0d602e55ad2d156b72c5e405043'}
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Like father like son: how unemployment in one generation turns up again in the next – Telegraph Blogs
Friday 1 August 2014 | Blog Feed | All feeds
Neil O'Brien
Kirk and Michael Douglas - like father, like son
Unemployment, family breakdown, low educational achievement and low income are all linked to one another, and they are all important factors in poverty and social mobility. Higher unemployment might mean more family breakdown. Better education might mean lower unemployment when children grow up, and so on. All bad things tend to go together.
They all link generations too. Unemployment, low education and family breakdown all transfer from one generation to the next.
Obviously these are all important problems. But where is the best place to start picking away at this horrible knot of issues? How big a dent might different sorts of policies make in this problems?
Unfortunately, evidence on how problems in one generation lead to problems in another is a bit sketchy. So it is difficult for politicians to know what to do (and so they often have to make decisions based on their hunches instead).
But the evidence is getting better.
For example, I've just read a great paper on intergenerational worklessness by Lindsey Macmillan.
She uses some longitudinal studies to track whether men whose fathers were unemployed are more likely to be unemployed themselves. Even controlling for the local rate of unemployment, there is a link:
"There is a moderate significant correlation in spells out of work across generations with large economic implications. A son with a workless father is likely to experience between 8-11% more time out of work themselves between 16 and 23. In addition, they are 15-18% more likely to spend a year or more out of work in the same period. This increases to 20-25% when the period that the son is observed for is increased to 16 to 29."
So sons of unemployed fathers are up to 25% more lively to be unemployed for a year than the sons of working fathers. And where unemployment is higher, the relationship seems to be stronger.
The graphs below show the relationship between fathers' and sons' unemployment: one for children born in 1958 and another group born in 1970. The top one shows the two lined up so that you can look at the '58 and '70 children at the same time in their lives, while the second is in in real years.
It would be good to understand this link better, and to understand what might break it. In the meantime, it is worth reflecting if being unemployed is correlated with your children being unemployed, increasing spending on benefits for unemployed parents isn't necessarily going to prevent their children ending up in poverty. But action to reduce unemployment could yields dividends far into the future.
comments powered by Disqus
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dclm_baseline
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As the champagne corks pop . . .
Yachtgate leaves voters with the uncomfortable feeling that
the super-rich own our politicians.
Peter Wilby edited the New Statesman from 1998-2005
gnuneo's picture
exploding badger: you should read about the Stanford Prison Experiment:
it is not so much that these people are sociopaths, or naturally lacking in human empathy/compassion, they are simply in a circle where to be concerned with 'normal citizens' is to be unkewl - aka "Simply Not Done, Old Boy". In previous centuries, with less democratic aspersions, it would have been called "Going Native" to do so, even about the other classes in their own society.
where does it come from? Partly from having a segregated schooling system, where certain classes still read pretty much the same books, are told the same historic BS, and are indoctrinated into the same 'secret societies' that leads to such mental gymnastics as above.
they are not evil (unless they are deliberately choosing to follow what they personally believe to BE evil, of course), they are just misguided, and their natural self-interest does the rest.
peter: excellent. If there's one thing wannabe power-brokers hate, its to show they are behaving like the little school-boys they really are, rather than the Illuminated Statesmen they crave to be seen as. Remember how one of the strongest arguments against the televising of the Commons was that the Public would "lose respect" for their representatives?
we can only hope their Age is now drawing to a close, and that it goes as peacefully as possible in a Liberal Evolution.
sennewisaexus888's picture
Mervyn King wants us back to boring banking which might help the FTSE 100 set a floor of 4,000 from which we might have prospects of economic recovery. It's had no sustainable hold on 4,000 since 10 October. If it hits 3,500, and fails to hold, you really will need the Prozac. So who is Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and what is he doing to help?
I'm bored all right. Mandelson, 5 minutes in the cabinet and now the house of lords, and here he is again - protesting he has been cleared by an enquiry of wrongdoing after looking as though he was at it. Last time it was Hinduja, this time it's Deripaska. We know he has no problem with people being filthy rich, but does filthy have to be the operative word? We haven't seen the report into Fritz Harald Wenig and the Chinese Candles yet.
How can Mandelson be giving his full attention to business regeneration while he deals with his error or judgement over Deripaska? No sooner in BERR than he is attacking the human rights of women who have had children by treating flexible working hours as a piece of merely dispensable business red tape. What this shows is that Gordon Brown's professed empathy with the innocent victims of his failed economic policies is so much worthless hoo haa.
writeon's picture
Apart from wealth and power in vast quantities, what motivates these people? They apparently know how to hate, but what of love? Self love, they clearly have that, but what about other people? There don't seem to be many women involved or children do there? What's all this dealing and striving for? It's like they belong to a cult. A cult of very powerful men who want to rule the world, but why? Power for nothing appart from itself seems so hollow to me. After the first ten or twenty million who cares? Is this appetite for vast wealth just a substitute for inadequacy, for some kind of hidden, internal, emptyness? And can money really substitute for that? I have my doubts.
I've earned and wasted more money than most people will ever have in an entire lifetime. Easy come, easy go. I never respected money at all, probably because I didn't really have to do much get it. But I didn't love it and I didn't worship it. One gets the distinct impression that these guys have sold their souls. I suspect the myth of King Midas was created because of people like them.
Roger Fah-Fah's picture
I own a yacht and we need more voters to buy yachts and not rowing boats! they get in the way at sea!
john problem's picture
Oh dear. One had hoped our leaders were smarter than it now appears they are. MPs got away with their kitchen make-overs and free potted plants for years, but here are some of our brightest brains who didn't have the nous to keep their collars up, or stand behind the mizzen mast, when discussing the dosh with the wealthies. Where will we find some really savvy men to lead us into the dark future? British politics is doomed unless more devious minds come forward.
explodingbadger1's picture
The same idea "that a super-class of rich people lives on a different planet from the rest of us and most politicians have been bought by them" has struck me
on several occasions. You have to wonder what kind of "human being" involves themselves in such horrors as the Iraq and Vietnam war. Its very easy to think these people are like you and me but the more and more I think about it I realise they can't be.
I am not totally sure what the answer is but I think the following may help:
Proportional representation.
Public funding of parties.
Prevent politians having other jobs during their time in office.
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dclm_baseline
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{'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '896', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9775264859199524}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '85811', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HZ6FWGZDY3IHJW27KN7RRWJNBMEUANMI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a28c6e96-4445-4fbf-a817-14dd2e1d33f8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 19, 5, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '46.137.165.193', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:H4A5MGQWJKIK6SMO67JDDCX4PU2JV2VZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ee2a66c9-e3b3-47a6-9407-abe98ed10c5a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.newstatesman.com/uk-politics/2008/10/politicians-rothschild-cripps', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:decdf02e-5a24-4eb1-a4e1-faa518e1216e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1788', 'url': 'http://www.newstatesman.com/uk-politics/2008/10/politicians-rothschild-cripps', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.14152926206588745', 'original_id': 'fbf0832115201fa495d65c46403533259e5a7c57f6eaaf2333282755326a28a8'}
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/// Source : https://leetcode.com/problems/subarray-sums-divisible-by-k/
/// Author : liuyubobobo
/// Time : 2019-01-21
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
/// Pre Sums and Counts
/// Using mod operations to deal with negative numbers
/// See comments below :-)
///
/// Time Complexity: O(n)
/// Space Complexity: O(n)
class Solution {
public:
int subarraysDivByK(vector<int>& A, int K) {
int n = A.size();
vector<int> pre(n + 1, 0);
for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++)
pre[i + 1] = pre[i] + A[i];
vector<int> mod(K, 0);
for(int e: pre)
mod[((e % K) + K) % K] ++; // deal with negative
// Attention: a negative number's mod is still negative
// to make it positive, + K
// since for positive numbers, +K will make the result >= K,
// so, we need to % K again
int res = 0;
for(int a: mod)
if(a >= 2) res += a * (a - 1) / 2;
return res;
}
};
int main() {
cout << (-4) % 3 << endl;
// -1: -4 = -1 * 3 - 1
return 0;
}
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '4832e48dd7b542e6f6da1ee505d5acdbcb9d1860581780d74ed03f63590b9d2e'}
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Certified B Corporations: Everything You Need to Know
B Corp Better Business
The conventional wisdom when it comes to business is that, as a business owner, you have to make a choice: you can either make money, or you can do good.
This is, however, a false dichotomy.
You don’t have to choose to either ensure your personal livelihood or to run your business according to your values. As one of my MBA instructors used to say, you can choose “both/and” – you can both make money and do good.
Now, you might be wondering:
“That sounds good, but how would it actually work for my business?”
This is where B Corps come in. Let’s take a closer at look.
What is a B Corp?
B Corporations, commonly known as B Corps, are a new type of corporation.
Unlike the traditional corporation that gives priority only to financial profitability, B Corps actually look at the triple bottom line and use the power of business to address social and environmental problems.
For a quick overview of B Corps, check out the B Corp anthem below (less than 2 min.).
Inspiring, don’t you think?
B Corps: The Official Definition
Because B Corps are still a relatively new concept – the first companies were certified in 2007 – there’s a lot of confusion about what they actually are.
Here’s the definition provided by B Lab, the nonprofit behind B Corps:
In short, B Corps are companies that undergo a rigorous certification process to improve their social and environmental performance. They don’t just say that they’re good businesses or socially responsible businesses, as so many other businesses do.
They’re committed to using business as a force for good – and they’re willing to have their practices be independently vetted by a third-party and to make their results transparent. You can see the score of any B Corp on the B Corp directory.
B Corps are working to have business be a part of the solution, rather than part of the problem. Personally, I find this to be an inspiring approach, which is why I’m committed to advancing the B Corp movement.
Why B Corp Certification is Important
When I first heard about B Corps back in 2008, I was immediately attracted to the concept of a rigorous framework for sustainability to distinguish the companies that were greenwashing from those that were actually doing good.
Yet there was one other element about the B Corp movement that really caught my attention because it differentiated the B Corp certification from every other sustainability certification out there:
B Corps were committing to changing their legal organizing documents to include consideration of all stakeholders.
They weren’t just paying lip service to sustainability. They were willing to make changes to the company as a legal entity to preserve their commitment to being socially and environmentally responsible.
Instead of taking the shareholder as the primary person to which they would be legally responsible, B Corps were giving primary consideration to the stakeholder.
It’s an important distinction and one that directly challenges an economic system that views a company as having one purpose and one purpose only: to make money for its shareholders.
But what exactly is the difference between a shareholder and a stakeholder?
A shareholder, as you know, is someone who owns shares in a company.
A stakeholder, by contrast, is someone who has a stake in the company, regardless of whether that individual actually own shares.
This leads to the question: who can have a stake in the company?
In effect, by focusing on the stakeholder instead of the shareholder, B Corps are recognizing that they need to take responsibility for their impacts while they’re generating their profits. They can’t just focus on making money while also exploiting people and harming the environment.
B Corps make a commitment to take all of these stakeholders into account, so that their very purpose as a business goes beyond just the profit motive.
B Corp vs. Benefit Corporation
This commitment to stakeholders needs to be included in company’s legal organizing documents.
Up until just a few years ago, there was no specific corporate form for a company that wanted to legally consider the impact of its activities on all stakeholders over the profits of its shareholders. Now in many states, there is.
However, this has caused confusion about B Corps vs Benefit Corporations. Are they the same thing? If not, what are the differences?
No, they are not the same thing.
Here’s the difference:
Certified B Corps earn a certification by scoring a minimum of 80 points on the B Impact Assessment.
Benefit Corporations adopt a corporate form that is legally recognized, similar to a C Corporation or S Corporation (the key difference being, of course, the consideration of all stakeholders).
b corp vs benefit corp
Source: https://benefitcorp.net/businesses/benefit-corporations-and-certified-b-corps
It can get confusing when you consider the following:
• A company can be a Benefit Corporation but not a Certified B Corp if they use the Benefit Corporation structure but have not gone through the certification process.
• A company can be a Certified B Corp but not a Benefit Corporation if they got certified but don’t use the Benefit Corporation structure, either because it is not legally available in their state or because they are not incorporated (e.g., they’re a sole proprietor).
• A company can be both a Certified B Corp and a Benefit Corporation if they went through the certification and changed their corporate status.
Since I’m not an attorney, I reached out to one to get more information about the legal requirements. This separate post goes into more detail about becoming a Benefit Corporation.
Meeting the B Corp Requirements
B Corps meet rigorous and transparent standards around social and environmental responsibility that support the triple bottom line. These standards represent best practices in business sustainability and are laid out in the B Impact Assessment, the online tool that a business must take to become a Certified B Corporation.
To become a Certified B Corporation, a company have been in operation for one year (though there are steps a startup can take to prepare for B corp certification) and must earn at least 80 points out of 200 on the Impact Assessment.
Yes, that’s right, you can get certified by earning less than 50% of the available points on the assessment.
How rigorous can that be, you might ask?
Actually, more rigorous than you might think!
The Impact Assessment is designed to be challenging, to really represent the best practices that companies can implement. It’s not designed to be an easy way for companies to do just a few things around sustainability and consider themselves done.
In fact, it’s the comprehensive and aspirational nature of the assessment that makes it such a useful sustainability framework.
It’s also why companies can make money while doing good: they’re minimizing their negative environmental impact (often resulting in cost savings through improved efficiencies) and maximizing their positive social impact (often building goodwill and loyalty among employees and customers).
In addition to meeting the minimum threshold of 80 points, B Corps also have to provide documentation to verify the information in the online assessment, commit to changing their legal status if required to do so, and make it official by signing the necessary term sheet and paying the licensing fees.
Next Steps
If you’re interested in B Corps, a great next step is to take the B Corp Impact Assessment. There’s no cost involved to take the assessment (though there is a fee if you choose to get certified), and you’ll be able to fully evaluate your own company’s sustainability practices.
Whether you’re just getting started with sustainability or are already far along your journey, you’ll find opportunities to improve your impact as a business by getting certified as a B Corp.
If you have questions or would like to talk about getting certified as a B Corp, please fill out the form below.
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dclm_baseline
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|
Homeopathic remedies to treat ADHD and ADD
Homeopathic remedies to treat ADHD and ADD
Homeopathic Remedies To Treat ADHD And ADD.Homeopathic Remedies To Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Attention deficit disorder, (ADHD and ADD) are conditions producing difficult behavior in children and some adults, where their impulse control and other actions interfere with daily life. Homeopathy offers relief in some instances, making it easier for kids to integrate into every day social and school activities.
Homeopathic Remedies To Treat ADHD And ADDIn a society where vaccines damage young children and dangerous drugs like Ritalin are prescribed frequently to reduce ADHD symptoms to "normalize" behavior, homeopathic medicine is a welcome alternative providing safe and effective treatment that supports both management and healing.
Homeopathy works by activating the individual's vital force or immune system to respond to an outside stimulus, allowing a person to experience self-healing.
ADHD and ADD Symptoms:
Common symptoms characterizing this disorder are inattentiveness, where a child has difficulty maintaining his focus and daydreams or is easily diverted from a task. Hyperactivity manifests in a child who is unable to sit still quietly, needing to continually move and talk. Impulsivity makes children behave without giving any thought to actions. Impulsive children may frequently interrupt or have little control in judgment. In many cases, a combination of some or all of these symptoms may be evident in one individual.
Anecdotal evidence seen by parents, teachers and homeopaths indicates the efficacy of homeopathic treatment for ADHD children; even though clinical trials have produced mixed results. A major factor influencing the success of homeopathic treatment involves finding a qualified and knowledgeable homeopathic practitioner to administer a well-chosen remedy. Many remedies are available to help children and adults suffering from ADHD and ADD, and a series of remedies may be needed to bring about the desired cure.
Common homeopathic remedies for ADHD and ADD
1.Hyoscyamus Niger: This remedy is indicated for children experiencing poor impulse control. These children may be over exuberant, acting like the class clown, constantly moving around, making jokes, laughing and interrupting. Often, many of their actions and jokes are sexually based, and they can be obscene and vulgar. This remedy relieves many of these symptoms including various other sexually explicit actions.
2.Stramonium: This remedy is indicated for children who experience excessive fears, especially of being alone or the dark. They can be violent, aggressive and full of rage. A child may scream in hysteria if left alone at nighttime or put in time out. The remedy is also indicated for kids who experience post traumatic stress disorder.
3.Cina: This remedy is indicated for the child who has an aversion to being looked at or touched. The child may become aggressive when touched or reprimanded, stiffening his body like a board, holding his breath or refusing to respond. The remedy often calms excessively irritable children who are capricious, asking for things they want and then violently throwing them away.
4.Tarentula hispanica: This remedy is indicated for the jealous, vengeful child who is sensitive to noise. He may be overly busy, constantly moving, likes to climb, is sensitive to vibrations and music, and is very hurried in all movements. He may express feeling small and lesser-than, powerless and be deceitful and cunning in his thoughts and actions. These children, like those needing Hyoscyamus, are often overly sexual.
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dclm_baseline
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Apple, alongside a handful of other tech companies, is reaching into its pockets for local San Francisco anti-poverty charity SF Gives. According to a report from Fortune, Apple is one of many companies that has donated $500,000 towards the total goal of $10 million that the organization is attempting to raise for local initiatives.
For the most part, signing up high-profile tech companies hasn’t presented a huge challenge thanks to Benioff and Lurie’s Silicon Valley connections. Still, while SF Gives is close to hitting the $10 million mark by its Wednesday deadline, 10 or so companies have declined to chip in. According to Lurie, their reasons vary. “For some, they feel like they’re doing their own thing: They’re giving back [already], and they’re involved,” he says. Other companies don’t generate revenue and feel it’s inappropriate to give away their investors’ money. “Then, there are others who just fundamentally believe that a company shouldn’t be doing philanthropy and that individuals should do it,” Lurie says.
The donation comes as Google and other big tech companies have been involved in controversies over their impact on the housing market and other aspects of smaller San Francisco neighbourhoods in recent months. There have been several cases of protestors blocking buses that shuttle Google employees to and from its headquarters and some even showing up at the homes of Google employees. Compare Apple’s relatively low donation of $500,000 to SF Gives— a fraction of one executive bonus— to the $6.8 million Google just gave to fund transit for low-income youth in the city following the controversies.
FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.
Check out 9to5Mac on YouTube for more Apple news:
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '539a25bf1e734d3c76086a462076f92134e0520bcc2e305dfd59637e35344be9'}
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realityThe other day I received a questionnaire from a network I like to watch. They asked me if I wanted to answer a bunch of questions to see if I fit the profile of someone whose opinion they'd want on several shows currently airing, as well have me view and give feedback on some pilot episodes. I will admit, I was kind of flattered. I thought, what the hell....let's see if I am someone whose opinion they would want feedback from (it did not occur to me they might take anyone who filled in the questionnaire...but, upon reflection, that is probably the case).
Surprise, surprise they accepted me as someone whose input they would value on what airs through their network...
You notice I have not named the network...they made be promise I would not reveal any "privileged information" and since I think these people probably have some pretty deep pockets, I am not about to risk whatever dough we have by sharing anything I am not supposed to.
So, Thursday I received an invitation to watch a pilot episode of a show they want to air soon. For whatever reason I chose to spend an hour watching said show and then answering the myriad questions which came at the end of it (I think I was tired or studying, or I didn't want to fold the of the two).
Having no idea of the shows content before I hit the play button, it turned out to be a reality television pilot about a famous individual and his family. Although I have a pretty low opinion of family life reality television shows in general, I decided to watch it all the way through just so I could share my unedited feedback.
I am thinking they will probably not ask me to watch another pilot episode again...
Someone please explain to me why in world so many people have a fascination with watching families and individuals daily lives on television? I mean, who really gives a poop what the Kardasian family eats for breakfast or how they spend their day?! And Honey Boo Boo and her clan are just begging to be openly criticized.
I truly belive parents who choose to film daily life should be psychologically tested, I even think it could be grounds for child abuse.
The thing is, we watch this poop so they keep creating the same junk. When are we going to demand a higher standard of media? From television shows to music lyrics, crap is created and, for the most part, crap is what you and I and our children ingest!
Come on people, we deserve better!
As an addendum to my thought about parents needing to realize how detrimental reality t.v. is to their children, I happened to catch the interview Savannah Guthrie conducted with Kate Gosselin and her two eldest girls this week on the Today Show. Since I have been so readily handing out my opinion this week, my feeling is those girls were purposely trying to make their mom look bad because of all she has put them through in their young lives. I hope to God nobody offers them another reality television show...
What if we took the time we spend watching television that insults our intellect and turned it into working on our own family relationships? In my opinion reality television centered around anybody's life is extremely self-serving.
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dclm_baseline
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24 Southfield, United States
Join today
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Find great matches with our advanced matching system!
My self-summary
I had a lot of fun writing explanations for my answers and they give a better glimpse into my personality than any aggrandizing summary I could come up with.
What I’m doing with my life
I am working on a degree in Psychology at LTU, a research project, and video game.
I’m really good at
Writing. Ironic, really, looking at this section.
The first things people usually notice about me
My facial hair, because it causes the heart to fret. Is he carrying a bomb underneath all of that handsomeness? Am I willing to take the risk?
Woe, to be other than myself.
Favorite books, movies, shows, music, and food
The only book I have ever found worth reading twice was The Name of the Wind by Patrick Rothfuss. Seriously, go and pick that book up. No, I won't sell you on it. Just... just fucking read it!
The greatest adventure in film is The Pirates of the Caribbean and I defy you to debate me on this point.
I hate commercials, and have access to the internet, so there's no need for television.
My taste in music is eclectic. I listen to every genre but I cherry pick songs by some inanely bizarre system I refer to as "personal taste".
I love to cook, especially a good pasta.
Ah, and I read a boatload of webcomics. Check out Paranatural for a good idea of what that entails. Hits a note every page, you won't stop smiling.
The six things I could never do without
My computer
My heart, or other essential organs.
Limbs, too.
My close friends.
Atoms. The Captains thereof.
I spend a lot of time thinking about
My future, and survival.
Myself, introspection is important.
Others, because I have and will always think on the how and why of people. You all are fascinating, even the shit ones.
On a typical Friday night I am
Hanging out with my friends or playing video games. Sometimes both, holy shit!
The most private thing I’m willing to admit
I would fuck myself. So hard.
You should message me if
You find me interesting and are weird or a nerd.
If you're a weird nerd I don't know what you are waiting for, send me a message.
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dclm_baseline
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Centralised multi-zone control
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Read more about Daikin Cloud Service
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Tuesday, September 11, 2012
China Today
Shanghai Skyline, 2012
I would hardly claim to be an "old China hand" by any means, but I was fascinated by my recent trip to Shanghai -- my first to the People's Republic of China.
We all know that China is tremendously important to our world today. Here are a few of the conclusions I drew from my recent trip to China...
China Population. There are over 1.3 billion Chinese people alive today making up about 19.4% of the world's total population. There are over 23 millions residents of Shanghai -- more than 3 times greater than London. There are over 100 Chinese cities with a population of over 1 million people.
Old China
China Family. The basic social unit in China is not the individual, but rather the family. Confucius laid great store in the institution of the family. "Confucianism advocates a structured society in which people are bound together by the moral ties of the five familial relationships: parent-child, ruler-subject, brother-brother, husband-wife, and friend-friend." (Source: Beijing and Shanghai, Dorling Kindersley, 2011). Mao's cultural revolution turned children into spies on their parents who would denounce them to catastrophic effect. The Red Guards were able to channel their teenage angst into the most diabolical displays of violence and destruction. China's "one-child policy" now puts constraints upon individual freedom for the sake of the "greater good".
China Economy. It is astonishing to consider that China, where 38 million people died of starvation (1958 -1961, brought on by Mao's obsession with rearmament and acquiring nuclear weapons at all cost, see Mao: the Unknown Story by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday www.amzn.com/0679746323) is now an economic superpower. In 2010 China passed Japan to become the #2 largest economy in the world as measured by GDP. The world now looks to China for economic growth and progress. The US government looks to China for support of its bond market. If the Chinese economy catches a cold, the whole world will tremble.
Commander K. in "old" Shanghai
China and Capitalism. Even during the height of Mao's Communist revolution the overseas Chinese were among the great capitalists of the world. The Chinese love to gamble on horses (Happy Valley), in casinos (Macao, etc.) and in the equity markets. Chinese minorities in the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia are among the most successful entrepreneurs in those countries and have been for years. Did China take over Hong Kong in 1997 or did Hong Kong style capitalism take over China?
China and the Internet. More Internet transactions now take place in China every year than in any country on earth (not highest dollar total yet due to lower average transaction size). Baidu (http://money.cnn.com/2012/02/13/technology/thebuzz/index.htm) is the Chinese equivalent of Google. Their are Chinese counterparts of Facebook (Renren) and You Tube (Youku). Organized crime based in China is also a major source of predatory cyber-attacks on western businesses large and small.
China and Wealth. In the west it has become fashionable to decry greedy bankers, rapacious corporations and the "one percent". In contrast, Deng Xiaoping, a prominent Chinese political leader proclaimed, "To get rich is glorious!" According to Rupert Hoogewerf, publisher of the Hurun Report (http://www.hurun.net/hurun/indexen.aspx), there are about 600 billionaires in China today. As westerners, we tend to focus on Chinese exports but it is the burgeoning Chinese domestic market that is of keen interest to corporations such as Boeing, General Motors, Starbucks, McDonald's, Tiffany's and many more. Diageo's Johnny Walker recently opened up a swank whiskey tasting bar in Shanghai and a larger one is now under construction in Beijing.
China Education. China is a civilization that has long respected education and scholarship. Communist China has an unfortunate taste for "re-education" as well. Riots were sparked recently in Hong Kong due to enforced "patriotism classes" that were widely perceived to be exercises in propaganda and thought control. (http://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/-/world/14795828/hong-kong-backs-down-on-chinese-patriotism-lessons/) At the same time wealthy Chinese are today sending 90% of their children overseas for a college education.
China Environment. China's communist party rulers, in their rush for rapid economic development, have sacrificed their natural environment (see earlier post, Conservatism and the Environment, 2/7/12). Ten out of the top ten cities in the world as ranked by air and water pollution are in China (Forbes). According to the FT, up to 700,000 people per year die prematurely in China due to air and water contamination. Pollution above Chinese cities is visible from outer space http://gizmodo.com/5875972/chinas-pollution-is-so-insane-you-can-see-it-from-space. The absence of a free press in China postpones progress on numerous environmental issues.
Commander K, in Shanghai with Dragon friend
China Capital Punishment. According to human rights groups, China executes more prisoners that all the rest of the world combined (http://laogai.org/our_work/death-penalty-organ-harvesting/). The organs of the victims are harvested due to the absence of a tradition of organ donation -- in ancient China burial of multiple body parts (head here, trunk there) was the ultimate form of punishment.
Commander K. and Starbucks store in Shanghai
China and Tea. China is a ancient tea-loving culture. The Chinese have elaborate tea ceremonies and many different varieties. The Cutty Sark (see earlier post, Cutty Sark, 5/14/12), launched in 1869, was designed to bring tea cargoes back to Europe as quickly as possible to caffeine addicted tea-drinkers looking for a "cuppa". Today, however, the winds of change are blowing and there are about 600 Starbucks open in China and this is expected to grow to 1,500 by 2015.
P - 41, Flying Tiger with Chinese Nationalist markings (FHC Everett, WA)
China and Japan. China has a long complicated history with its island neighbour Japan. In the 20th century Japanese Imperialists strove to conquer China. Some historians argue that the proper start of World War II was the Japanese attack on China that began in 1937 after the Marco Polo bridge incident. Japanese forces brutally sacked Nanking in 1937 ("The Rape of Nanking") killing over 200,000 Chinese -- an action that some Japanese prefer to deny to this day http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_of_Nanking. In 1938 the biological warfare Unit 739 was set up outside Harbin in Manchukuo under the auspices of the Kwantung Army. Thousands of Chinese were killed with exposure to anthrax, cholera and the black plague. Source: The Second World War, Anthony Beevor, 2012, p. 771, www.amzn.com/0316023744.
Japanese Zero, (FHC Everett, WA)
Today there is sabre rattling going on across the China sea over disputed uninhabited Senkaku islands that both nations claim and may contain off shore oil resources. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443819404577639141670806120.html?mod=googlenews_wsj China is building a "blue seas" fleet complete with its first aircraft carrier, the Varyag --purchased from the Ukrainian navy and now being refitted (http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/28/us-china-carrier-idUSBRE87R15X20120828) that is designed to project Chinese power and influence throughout the Pacific.
Shanghai Globe -- The East is still Red
Commander Kelly says, "Stay tuned to see how China develops and transforms itself and the world."
You can now purchase Commander Kelly's
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Inexpensive Ways to Reduce Your Energy Bill
You could get upgraded insulation installed in all the walls of your home, or buy a new high-efficiency furnace and air conditioner. These improvements would certainly reduce your energy costs – but they each require a
significant investment.
What if you don't have the budget? There are a lot of little things you can do to make a big difference in your
heating or cooling bill. Here are just a few examples:
Turn down the thermostat a couple of degrees in winter. (And turn it up a few notches in summer.) Chances are, you'll hardly notice the difference in comfort, and you'll cut your heating/cooling costs by about 5%.
Do you need the air conditioner on all the time during the summer months? Consider turning it way up, or completely off, at night when it's cooler outside.
Invest in a programmable thermostat. That way, you'll be able to set up a schedule that uses less heating/cooling energy while you’re out of the house.
Let the sunshine in through windows in the winter (and block the sun where possible in the summer.) "Passive heat gain" can contribute to up to 20% of the heat in your home. Best of all, the sun is free.
Use energy efficient lights throughout your home. These can cut the
cost of lighting by up to 40%!
Be careful with outside lights, which can use a lot of energy! Turn them off before you go to bed or, better still, use programmableoutside lighting that can be set to turn off automatically.
These are just a few ideas for reducing your energy bill. If you do some research, you can probably discover many other ways to cut your costs. It's worth the effort!
Al Moosa
Al Moosa
CENTURY 21 Leading Edge Realty Inc., Brokerage*
Contact Me
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Cutting and self-harm
An ambulence at a hospital.Self-harm, sometimes called self-injury, is when a person purposely hurts his or her own body. There are many types of self-injury, and cutting is one type that you may have heard about. If you are hurting yourself, you can learn to stop. Make sure you talk to an adult you trust, and keep reading to learn more. You can also watch a video about what one girl does to stop self-harming.
What are ways people hurt themselves? arrow. top
Some types of injury leave permanent scars or cause serious health problems, sometimes even death. These are some forms of self-injury:
• Cutting yourself (such as using a razorblade, knife, or other sharp object)
• Punching yourself or punching things (like a wall)
• Burning yourself with cigarettes, matches, or candles
• Pulling out your hair
• Poking objects into body openings
• Breaking your bones or bruising yourself
• Poisoning yourself
The dangers of self-injury
Some teens think self-injury is not a big deal, but it is. Self-injury comes with many risks. For example, cutting can lead to infections, scars, and even death. Sharing tools for cutting puts a person at risk of diseases like HIV and hepatitis. Also, once you start self-injuring, it may be hard to stop. And teens who keep hurting themselves are less likely to learn how to deal with their feelings in healthy ways.
Who hurts themselves? arrow. top
People from all different kinds of backgrounds hurt themselves. Among teens, girls may be more likely to do it than boys.
People of all ages hurt themselves, too, but self-injury most often starts in the teen years.
People who hurt themselves sometimes have other problems like depression, eating disorders, or drug or alcohol abuse.
Why do some teens hurt themselves? arrow. top
Some teens who hurt themselves keep their feelings bottled up inside. The physical pain then offers a sense of relief, like the feelings are getting out. Some people who hold back strong emotions begin to feel like they have no emotions, and the injury helps them at least feel something.
Some teens say that when they hurt themselves, they are trying to stop feeling painful emotions, like rage, loneliness, or hopelessness. They may injure to distract themselves from the emotional pain. Or they may be trying to feel some sense of control over what they feel.
If you are depressed, angry, or having a hard time coping, talk with an adult you trust. You also can contact a helpline. Remember, you have a right to be safe and happy!
If you are hurting yourself, please get help. It is possible to get past the urge to hurt yourself. There are other ways to deal with your feelings. You can talk to your parents, your doctor, or another trusted adult, like a teacher or religious leader. Therapy can help you find healthy ways to handle problems. You can read more about ways to stop cutting. You also can watch a video about how one girl helps herself not self-harm.
What are signs of self-injury in others? arrow. top
• Having cuts, bruises, or scars
• Wearing long sleeves or pants even in hot weather
• Making excuses about injuries
• Having sharp objects around for no clear reason
How can I help a friend who is self-injuring? arrow. top
If you think a friend may be hurting herself, try to get your friend to talk to a trusted adult. Your friend may need professional help. A therapist can suggest ways to cope with problems without turning to self-injury. If your friend won't get help, you should talk to an adult. This is too much for you to handle alone.
What if someone pressures me to hurt myself? arrow. top
If someone pressures you to hurt yourself, think about whether you really want a friend who tries to cause you pain. Try to hang out with other people who don't treat you this way. Try to hang out with people who make you feel good about yourself.
Content last reviewed January 07, 2015
Page last updated February 12, 2015
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'Great Wall seen from space'
The Great Wall of China can, indeed, be seen from outer space with the naked eye, reports China Daily. Yang Liwei, China's first man in space, disappointed a lot of Chinese when he said he did not......
China to send next space mission in June
China, only the third country to independently send a person into space in 2003, after the US and Russia, plans to launch its next manned space mission in June next year, state media reported......
Star trek of the hare and the tortoise
A communist party office in space?
Chinese astronauts plan to set up a branch of the ruling Communist Party of China in space when the country's first space station is established in future, nation's first astronaut Yang Liwei......
All set for second Chinese space odyssey
China will launch its second manned spacecraft Shenzhou-6 between October 12 and 15, an official said on Tuesday.The spacecraft, carrying two astronauts, will be launched into space from the......
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I Alone Level-Up
Chapter 110
“What was that??”
The director of Seoul-Ilsin Hospital, Doctor Lee Seong-Chul got to hear a rather stunning piece of news. A patient suffering from ‘Eternal Sleep’ disorder had woken up from the terminal stage of the illness.
“Are you telling me the truth??”
“Yes, Director. I’ve confirmed it personally.”
As a doctor, his ears would perk up greatly if such an event occurred in someone else’s hospital, yet the patient in question was actually in his own??
‘Who knew such a jackpot would come knocking at my door?’
The exceptional brain of Director Lee Seong-Chul began punching some numbers in his mental calculator.
“Isn’t this an unprecedented event in the whole world?”
“You’re correct, Director.”
The doctor in charge nodded his head.
Lee Seong-Chul’s smile was so wide that it actually broke past his ears and threatened to rip his face in half.
“Nicely done!! Doctor Choi!!”
“I beg your pardon? D-director, I haven’t done….”
“Ehheii, my man, don’t be like that now!”
Lee Seong-Chul sent a meaningful gaze at the doctor in charge.
“It doesn’t matter ‘how’ it happened, we can always cook something up later. But, it’s only right and proper that the doctor in charge is praised for the work well done when a patient gets better! Am I wrong?”
Not to mention, the hospital that the doctor was working in would be praised, too!
“Ah, y-yes…. T-thank you very much, director.”
The doctor in charge gave in and bowed his head slightly to the director.
Even though the doctor’s response was rather lukewarm, the wide smile on Lee Seong-Chul’s face didn’t want to leave him, knowing that he had been blessed with an unexpected boon.
‘If we play our cards right, the world’s attention might gather on my Ilsin Hospital!!’
Being constantly talked about by other people because of a good piece of news was, in a word, free publicity. There was nothing to lose here, and everything to gain.
If this news got out, reporters from all over the world would descend upon this hospital and absolutely lose their minds trying to uncover any related info, however small or insignificant it was.
This was a great opportunity to advertise the hospital’s name without spending a dime.
‘What those reporters want to know would be the treatment method, but….’
Well, all he had to do was to keep the patient nearby and find out what happened a step at a time. Indeed, nothing could go wrong here. That’s what Lee Seong-Chul thought.
The doctor in charge acted as if something was troubling him and cautiously spoke up.
“The patient’s legal guardian requested for immediate discharge.”
“What was that?!”
No, that definitely could not be allowed!
Reporters would only come to the hospital if the patient was still here! No, never mind the reporters, he needed to keep the patient here in order to figure out how the disorder had been cured, to begin with!
Lee Seong-Chul’s brows quivered.
“What was the status of the patient?”
“Everything was normal, director.”
“The patient’s been asleep, completely immobile, for the past four years, yet you are telling me that her body was completely fine??”
“Couldn’t it be because of the life support machines?”
Indeed, the performance of the machines being too good could also be a factor here.
“Delay the discharge for as long as possible with an excuse that… we need to observe the patient for a while longer to make sure she’s fine.”
“I said the exact same thing to the guardian, but it didn’t work, Director.”
‘We can’t keep a patient here without a valid reason if she wishes to leave, can we…..’
If that was the case, then he had only one option remaining – and that would be to let the world know before the patient left the hospital.
“Let’s alert the press while they are still in the premise.”
The doctor in charge shook his head.
“That will be…. difficult, Director.”
“How come?”
“We can’t expose the identity of the patient. If we handle this poorly, something really bad will happen, Director.”
Hearing those unexpected words, Lee Seong-Chul could only form a flustered expression. Seeing the doctor’s own troubled expression, he didn’t seem to be exaggerating things, either.
Lee Seong-Chul’s attitude became a lot more serious.
“Is the patient such an important person?”
“It’s not the patient herself, but the guardian, well…. The protection of the private information has been requested by the guardian himself, actually.”
Now that Lee Seong-Chul thought about it, Doctor Choi was being super respectful whenever he mentioned the legal guardian.
“Just who is this guardian supposed to be that you’re acting like this?”
What kind of a person was the guardian that the hospital had to honour the request for the protection of the patient’s information, as well as Doctor Choi being this polite?
“Have you heard about Mister Seong Jin-Woo?”
“Seong Jin-Woo?”
Was he a powerful politician? Or, a CEO of some massive corporation?
Lee Seong-Chul thought that he had heard of the name somewhere, but couldn’t quite recall the face, and helplessly tilted his head. As if he expected this to happen, the doctor in charge quickly offered up an explanation.
“He’s the Hunter who was evaluated as a rank S recently.”
“A rank S!!”
Here was the reason why Doctor Choi was being so cautious. Who would have guessed that the patient’s guardian happened to be a rank S Hunter?
‘This… It’ll be the end for us if we make a rash move and things go sideways as a result.’
The influence a rank S Hunter had over society was extensive, to begin with, but more importantly, if such a Hunter lost his cool and decided to rampage around, then….
Lee Seong-Chul nervously swallowed dry saliva when a rather unexpected name was brought up.
‘That sure was too close for comfort….’
His hardened expression suddenly softened into a cheery smile.
“Begin the discharge procedure right away.”
“Indeed, we should do that.”
“Yes, we must.”
A smile of a good-natured person remained on Lee Seong-Chul’s lips.
They should definitely release the patient now. What were they hoping to gain by getting on the bad side of a rank S Hunter? He quickly came with a logical-sounding excuse that contained the rough meaning of what both of them were thinking about.
“We surely can’t force a perfectly healthy person to remain cooped up in a hospital, now can we?”
“Indeed, Director.”
The doctor in charge quickly stood up from his seat.
And after he left….
Lee Seong-Chul stared at the now-closed door to the director’s office and spat out a sigh of relief.
As soon as she got the call, Jin-Ah dropped everything and rushed to the hospital.
Jin-Woo had been sitting on a chair next to mom’s bed, and when he sensed his fast-approaching sister, quickly stood up. Right then, the door to his mom’s hospital room was flung open.
“Mom?? Mom!!”
She hadn’t even crossed the doorway yet, but Jin-Ah’s face was already a messy mixture of streaming tears and snot falling from her nose.
“Oh, my gosh. My little girl, you’ve grown up so much.”
The last time their mom, Park Gyung-Hye, saw her daughter was when she was still in middle school. She gazed at her grown-up daughter with a surprised expression, but shortly afterwards, opened her arms wide to welcome Jin-Ah with a warm smile on her face.
When that happened….
Jin-Ah tightly embraced her mother.
Jin-Woo hesitated slightly. That wasn’t something she should have done to a patient who regained her consciousness after four years of being in a coma. But, seeing his sister crying her eyes out like that while locked in their mother’s embrace, he couldn’t bring himself to stop her.
“Mom, Mom…..”
She always acted all grown-up, but in the end, Jin-Ah was still a kid inside. The energetic and brave everyday appearance of Jin-Ah overlapped with the current sobbing one, and that stung Jin-Woo’s nostrils a bit.
“That is eno….”
Jin-Woo eventually moved in to separate Jin-Ah, but Park Gyung-Hye placed her index finger on her lips and slowly shook her head, her other hand still gently patting her daughter’s back.
Jin-Woo sighed softly and took a step back.
As he looked on at his sister in his mom’s embrace, as well as his mom’s gentle and warm expression, a satisfied smile automatically formed on his lips.
‘My effort wasn’t in vain.’
It felt like he was being fully rewarded for all the hard work he had put in right at this moment. Also, he felt as if something hard and stubborn stuck in the corner of his heart had finally melted down and was now flowing away, out of him.
In that case, should he leave the two of them alone for a while? At least, until his little sister found a way to get a hold of her overflowing emotions.
Since she was one smart girl, she’d know not to unnecessarily stress out mom. Only that, she needed a bit more time here.
Jin-Woo grinned a little and shifted his gaze outside the hospital window. As if to congratulate the reunion of his family, the weather outside was brilliantly sunny today.
Feeling a bit awkward from standing there and staring at the weather without saying anything, he decided to pull out his phone.
There was a scary amount of missed calls and text messages left on his phone that he couldn’t even dare to attempt replying to a select few, never mind all of them. Jin-Woo scrolled the list of the missed calls and texts, before giving up and closing the window altogether.
‘Well, if it’s something urgent, I’m sure they’ll contact me again.’
He quickly gave up on replying and instead, accessed the internet browser.
But then….
He clicked on the online news portal without thinking too much, only to perform a grand facepalm.
[A flying monster spotted over the skies of Seoul?]
[The potential destination of the flying monster?]
[Hunters Association fails to respond. What about the safety of citizens?]
Photos of Kaisel were plastered all over the various internet news sites.
From the vicinity of his house all the way to this hospital, the distance between the two points was rather considerable, but he figured nothing serious would happen because he was travelling at such a high speed. But this….
‘….It was only a short flight, but we got photographed a lot, didn’t we?’
The only fortunate thing here was that the photos didn’t show him riding on the back of Kaisel.
He made up his mind to not care about what others thought of him when he summoned Kaisel near his house, but now that he was dominating the headlines, he sure felt conflicted now.
‘Oh, well.’
Anyone would have their hearts in their mouths, seeing a monster flying in the sky like that. Jin-Woo scanned the news articles filled with a great deal of anxiety and told himself to be more careful in the future.
‘There’s no need to go out of my way to scare the public, anyway.’
Indeed, didn’t he feel a certain aversion towards the Class of Necromancer because he was worried about failing to handle all the pointed stares of the public?
‘However, if the frenzy over a winged lizard is this huge, then, uh, the responses to the gigantic Fangs would really be something else, no?’
While he was thinking of this and that….
Vrrr…. Vrrr….
His phone began vibrating.
‘Who’s this?’
He didn’t recognise the number; after exiting the hospital room, he answered the call.
A baritone yet still bright voice of an old man came out. Jin-Woo immediately recalled the owner of that voice.
“Association President?”
‘Why is he giving me a call?’
What prompted the one-and-only Association President to give him a call like this? Jin-Woo noticed that there were several people walking to and fro within the hospital’s corridor, so he quickly walked towards a more secluded area. He continued to speak in the meantime.
“What’s the matter, sir?”
‘…What news?’
Jin-Woo tilted his head a bit, before realising that this wouldn’t do and asked again.
“I’m not sure what news you’re talking about….?”
‘Wow. I guess the speed of news getting around these days is nothing to scoff at.’
Jin-Woo readily admitted to his wrongdoing.
“I’m sorry about that. But I’ll make sure to be more careful next time.”
Only after hearing the confused voice of Goh Gun-Hui did Jin-Woo realise that he was deeply mistaken about something here.
‘Wait, wasn’t he calling me about Kaisel?’
If not, what else could the news outlets be talking about, instead?
The dual dungeon, the Red Gate, clearing the rank A dungeons, the ‘Bead of Avarice’, etc….
Now that he thought about, there were quite a few potential topics of contention, instead.
“…..Can you clarify what happened?”
“I’ve been spending some time in a location recently where contacting outside was difficult, actually.”
He wasn’t lying about that, technically speaking.
Goh Gun-Hui’s voice betrayed how surprised he was, but then, it became even graver than before.
According to Jin-Woo’s experience, this could only mean that the reason for this call should be brought up now.
Jin-Woo’s suspicion grew even larger compared to when he first answered the phone.
‘Calling me on the phone isn’t enough, so the Association President wishes to come here and see me personally?’
Just how much of an important matter was this to make someone as busy as him personally move?
Even then….
Jin-Woo glanced in the direction of mom’s hospital room.
‘I can’t ask the Association President to come here.’
He might have to come up with bullsh*t stories related to his mother if that happened.
“No, I’ll go over there, instead.”
“Yes, I will.”
That was far more simpler for him.
Quickly making the arrangement over the phone, and after telling his mom and sister that he had an errand to run and he’d be back a little later, Jin-Woo left the hospital.
Having spent way too long inside the Demon’s Castle where there was no sunlight, his eyes were feeling a bit itchy as the warm rays fell on him. Jin-Woo furrowed his brows.
‘Man, this is so cumbersome. Should I just summon Kaisel?’
He deliberated for a moment or two, before smirking to himself and walked towards a waiting taxi.
< Chapter 110 > Fin.
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dclm_baseline
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Providing for pensioners
While it’s fashionable to think of capital as being owned by the super-rich, that’s just not the case. Over half of financial assets in the UK are in pension funds, with most of the rest held in insurance policies or savings accounts.
As a result, the people that benefit most from greater returns on investments are people planning for their retirement. By improving returns on this capital, IFCs help provide for pensioners and people saving for their futures.
Institutional investors, such as pension funds and life insurance companies, are usually limited from investing in high-risk projects. By reducing investment risk, IFCs help open up a large number of investment opportunities that wouldn’t otherwise be open, and thus increase returns.
Moreover, by facilitating cross-border capital flows, IFCs help diversify these investment portfolios. Countries with strong institutions that protect investments tend to be inter-dependent developed countries, and thus tend to be exposed to the same risks. By making it less costly to invest in countries without those institutions, which tend not to be exposed to the same risks, IFCs help balance portfolios: further reducing risk and improving risk-adjusted returns to savers.
By improving returns to savings, IFCs help earn ordinary British savers billions of pounds a year to provide for their retirements.
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dclm_baseline
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What is a Wedding Fusion Video?
Wedding couples, along with their family and friends, are always thrilled when they view their wedding fusion video for the first time. What is a wedding fusion video, and why are brides and grooms making sure their wedding photographer includes one in their collection?
Read More
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dclm_baseline
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Insurance agents have a serious accident. That you might run the risk in protecting your automobile insurance. Rates for a tune-up of your actions. Don't forget that most high priced car.
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dclm_baseline
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Biology, 4a.
HideShow resource information
Plant cells have chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), vacuole and a cell wall.
Chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis: water + carbon dioxide = oxygen + glucose. The water is taken in through the roots, and the carbon dioxide through the stomata pores. These pores also let oxygen escape, and even water, (transpiration).
Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the leaves. They are adapted for efficiency: 1. They have broad leaves, so there is a larger surface area to absorb light. 2. They are thin, so CO2, and H2O only have a short distance to travel, in order to reach the photosynthesising cells. 3. contain chlorophyll, the pigment that absorbs light. 4. network of veins for support, deliveringwater and nutrients to every part of the leaf, and taking away food. 5. they have stomata on the bottom, for gas exchange.
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Leaf structure.
The main parts of a leaf are; upper and lower epidermis; palisade and spongy mesophyll layers; vein; waxy cuticle; stomata; air space; guards cells; chloroplasts. (make sure you can locate these parts).
The structure of a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis: 1. upper epidermis is transparent, so the light can pass to the palisade layer. 2. thepalisade layer contains most of the chlorophyll, so they are near the top, to get more light. 3. air spaces in the spongy mesophyll allow diffusion, between stomata and photosynthesising cells. 4. they have a big internal surface area to volume ratio.
The structure of a leaf palisade cell is related to its function. 1. packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis. 2. tall shape for big surface areaexposed down, to absorb CO2 from air in leaf.
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Diffusion in Leaves.
Diffusion happens during photosynthesis. CO2 diffuses into the leaf, and oxygen and water vapour diffuse out of the leaf. Oxygen is a waste product of respiration, and so diffuses out through the stomata.
At night, there is no light for photosynthesis, so plants have to respire. lots of carbon dioxide is made and oxygen is used up.
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During the contested years, DOR applied the three-factor property, sales, and extraction formula of AS 48.20.144(c)(8) to apportion Tesoro's income. Tesoro argues that the property and sales factors were unreasonable as applied to it, and advances three challenges to DOR's calculation of the property factor.
First, Tesoro argues that because the R & M subsidiaries invested in massive infrastructure in Alaska, while the E & P subsidiaries' out-of-state property holdings consisted of leased 'land and partially owned equipment, the property factor overvalued Tesoro's in-state activities. Tesoro's argument seems to be that because it owned more property in Alaska than elsewhere, the property factor is distortive. But the property factor uses a taxpayer's in-state property as an estimate of the "protection, benefits, and services that the state furnishes to the enterprise and of the costs that the enterprise imposes upon the state." As DOR observes, Tesoro's ownership of "massive infrastructure" in Alaska shows that it made greater use of state protections and benefits in Alaska than in other areas where its property holdings were more modest. There is nothing distortive about attributing Tesoro's tax burden accordingly.
Second, Tesoro argues that DOR's calculation of the property factor unreasonably undervalued its out-of-state assets by calculating their value at cost and not at fair market value. As DOR points out, we have already considered and rejected this argument. In Gulf Oil, we declined to value non-producing wells at their market value instead of at their cost. We noted that if we valued one asset in the property factor calculation at market value, we would have to so value all assets. We refused then to assign DOR this "formidable task." Other courts considering this issue have reached the same result. Gulf Oil forecloses Tesoro's argument.
Third, Tesoro argues that the property factor was distortive because it excluded intangible property and thus excluded a valuable contract that an E & P subsidiary owned during the relevant period. Exelud-ing intangible property in the calculation of the property factor is a practice that has been universally accepted across states. Most courts have adhered to this general rule even if, as here, the taxpayer asserts that the exclusion of a particularly valuable intangible asset causes unreasonable distortion of the property factor. We are unpersuaded by Tesoro's argument that DOR's adherence to this widely accepted practice was unreasonable.
Tesoro also argues that DOR's calculation of the sales factor is unreasonable because it takes into account gross income and not net profits. Tesoro contends that such a calculation overvalues its business activities in state relative to its activities out of state because its in-state businesses were high volume but low margin, while its out-of-state businesses were low volume but high margin. - Again, Tesoro quarrels with universally accepted taxing practice. Every state with a broad-based corporate income tax uses a gross sales or gross receipts factor in its apportionment formula. Furthermore, as DOR observes, the United States Supreme Court has rejected the argument that disparate profits across subsidiaries are indicative of unfair taxation.
Regardless, formula apportion, ment is meant to measure "the corporation's activities within and without the jurisdiction." Tesoro's sales factor argument is built on the flawed premise that a business's in-state activities are only as great as the profits it generates from its in-state activities. In fact, the sales factor is designed to attribute a taxpayer's income to the jurisdictions in which its goods and services are consumed. Tesoro admits that the R & M subsidiaries "sold a large volume of gasoline each day" as compared to E & P's "small-scale operation," which generated "far more modest" sales. But Tesoro contends that we should ignore the relative size of R & M's business operations as compared to E & P's and instead focus on the relative size of the net income generated by these operations. We reject Tesoro's argument because we conclude that a business's in-state activities may be fairly measured by the amount of goods or services that consumers purchase in state regardless of whether the business later turns a profit or loss on those purchases.
In support of its position that profits and not sales should be used to measure in-state business activities, Tesoro cites cases in which other courts have held that taxing states could vary their apportionment formulas to account for the distortion caused by including in the sales factor gross sales generated by a corporate treasury department's short-term investment receipts. This body of case law is distinguishable for two reasons. First, in the cited cases, distortion resulted because the short-term investments served no operational function and were thus qualitatively different from the companies' other business activities. There is no risk of similar distortion here because R & M was an operational segment; its sales therefore could reasonably be compared to those of Tesoro's other major operational segment, E & P. Second, in the cases Tesoro cites no court held that an adjustment was required; the courts held instead that an adjustment was constitutionally permissible. - Tesoro cites no authority for its position that because one of Tesoro's operational segments was less profitable than the others the sales factor is unreasonably distortive.
2. The overall formula was reasonable as applied to Tesoro.
Tesoro argues that unreasonable distortion can be seen in the disparity between the income subject to taxation under the section 18 remedial formula and the income that would be subject to taxation under separate accounting. Tesoro asserts that because DOR taxed $89 million in income whereas under separate accounting it would have taxed only $14 million in income, DOR taxed $75 million that was "unquestionably generated" outside Alaska.
Tesoro mistakenly assumes that it is possible to determine where the income of a unitary business is "unquestionably generated." In Container Corp., the United States Supreme Court stated that the "basic theoretical weakness" of separate accounting is that for a unitary business it is "misleading to characterize the income of the business as having a single identifiable 'source.'" Teso-ro cites the United States Supreme Court's 1931 decision in Hans Rees' Sons, Inc. v. North Carolina for the proposition that a state's apportionment should be struck down if the taxpayer is able to show a large disparity between the income taxed under separate accounting and the income taxed under the state's apportionment formula. But the Hans Rees' Sons Court never explicitly held this, and in the years since it decided that case the United States Supreme Court has declined to hold formula apportionment unreasonable even when presented with a large disparity between the income that would have been taxed under separate accounting and the income that was actually taxed under formula apportionment. We also reject the argument that such a disparity, without more, renders an apportionment unreasonable.
C. The Administrative Law Judge Did Not Err In Finding Penalties To Be Permissible In This Case.
DOR's September 21, 2001 assessment imposed failure-to-pay and negligence penalties against Tesoro. Relying on the 1999 Attorney General's Opinion that AS 43,20.144's tax scheme was unconstitutional, Tesoro argues that as a matter of law it cannot be penalized for failing to pay taxes under an unconstitutional apportionment scheme. We are unpersuaded for two reasons. First, as the United States Supreme Court has held, a state may require, under threat of penalty, that a taxpayer pay a tax before contesting it. Second, DOR did not assess the penalties because Tesoro failed to acquiesce in AS 48.20.144's apportionment scheme, but because Tesoro failed to acknowledge that KPL was unitary with R & M.
Tesoro repeatedly took the position that its Alaskan refinery was not unitary with the Alaskan pipeline that fed it, despite the obvious invalidity of this position and despite DOR's October 1, 1998 determination that KPL and R & M were unitary. DOR there found that "Tesoro is one unitary petroleum business" and that "the entire group is subject to modified apportionment under AS 43.20.072." Notwithstanding that 1998 finding, Tesoro not only failed to amend its filings for the years 1994-1997 to reflect its unitary business, but it also thereafter filed its 1998 tax return as if KPL were a wholly separate enterprise. DOR's September 18, 2001 assessment imposed penalties against Tesoro for failing to amend its 1995-1997 filings and for again asserting the same, invalid position in its 1998 return. It was not until June 2005-almost four years after the penalties were assessed and more than six years after the 1998 determination-that Te-
soro amended its filings to reflect DOR's 1998 unitary finding. Tesoro's unjustified position would have warranted penalties regardless of what apportionment scheme was ultimately applied to it. DOR permissibly assessed the penalties.
v. CONCLUSION
For these reasons, we AFFIRM the superior court's decision that affirmed the administrative law judge's award of taxes, interest, and penalties.
. Our description of the facts is based on the facts explicitly found by the administrative law judge and the evidence the administrative law judge found persuasive.
. Although E & P and R & M are names the litigants and prior adjudicators have applied to Tesoro's operational segments, this semantic choice should not be read to suggest that the Tesoro subsidiaries within each segment were necessarily somehow distinct from the Tesoro parent company or each other. All subsidiaries within each segment bore the name "Tesoro." For example, the R & M segment included the Tesoro Northshore Company and the Tesoro Alaska Petroleum Company.
. - The Marine Services segment was deemed "relatively insignificant" by the administrative law judge. Tesoro asserts that the Marine Services operation is not at issue here, and nothing in DOR's briefing or the orders below suggests otherwise.
. Ch. 175, § 1, SLA 1959.
. Larry D. Scheafer, Annotation, Construction and application of uniform division of income for tax purposes act, 8 A.L.R.Ath 934 § 2 (1981); see also 1 JErome R. HeurerstEin & Warrer HeucerstEN, State Taxation 1 8.06[3](b], at 8-70 (3d ed.2012).
. Ch. 124, § 1, SLA 1970; State, Dep't of Revenue v. Amoco Prod. Co., 676 P.2d 595, 598 n. 3 (Alaska 1984).
. AS 43.19.010, art. IV, § 10, 13, 15.
. AS 43.19.010, art. IV, § 18(a), 18(0).
. AS 43.19.010, art. IV, § 18.
. AS 43.20.144(a). AS 43.20.144 was formerly codified as AS 43.20.072 but was renumbered in 2012.
. Tesoro took this position informally for the first time on January 6, 1999, in a written statement attached to and incorporated by reference in its request for an informal conference.
. Ross v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 292 P.3d 906, 909 (Alaska 2012); Harrod v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 255 P.3d 991, 995 (Alaska 2011).
. State, Dep't of Revenue v. DynCorp & Subsid-faries, 14 P.3d 981, 985 (Alaska 2000) (quoting Handley v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 838 P.2d 1231, 1233 (Alaska 1992)) (observing that substantial evidence standard applies to disputed questions of fact in taxpayer's appeal of tax assessment).
. See McKitrick v. State, Pub. Emps. Ret. Sys., 284 P.3d 832, 837 (Alaska 2012) (quoting Lin-dhag v. State, Dep't of Natural Res., 123 P.3d 948, 952 (Alaska 2005)).
. Earth Res. Co. v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 665 P.2d 960, 965 (Alaska 1983) ("[Wle conclude that the question whether a taxpayer's business is unitary is a question of law which does not require agency expertise for its resolution.").
. See Alaska Gold Co. v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 754 P.2d 247, 251 (Alaska 1988) (holding that - question of whether taxpayer is a unitary business is reviewed de novo giving only some weight - to the agency's decision on the matter); Earth Res. Co., 665 P.2d at 964-65 (holding that substitution of judgment standard applies to supreme court's review of agency decision regarding the unitariness of a taxpayer's business).
. Harrod, 255 P.3d at 995 (citing Eagle v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 153 P.3d 976, 978 (Alaska 2007) (applying independent judgment standard to constitutional questions in tax assessment appeal).
. Id. (citing Temple v. Denali Princess Lodge, 21 P.3d 813, 815 (Alaska 2001)) (applying independent judgment standard to questions of law in tax assessment appeal).
. Ross v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 292 P.3d 906, 909 (Alaska 2012); Harrod, 255 P.3d at 995 (Alaska 2011).
. 1993-99 Format Or Att'y Gen. 230-31, available at 1999 WL 1337804. f
. ASARCO Inc. v. Idaho State Tax Comm'n, 458 U.S. 307, 315, 102 S.Ct. 3103, 73 L.Ed.2d 787 (1982).
. Wisconsin v. J.C. Penney Co., 311 U.S. 435, 444, 61 S.Ct. 246, 85 L.Ed. 267 (1940).
. Container Corp. of Am. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. 159, 164-65, 103 S.Ct. 2933, 77 L.Ed.2d 545 (1983).
. Id. at 165, 103 S.Ct. 2933.
. See id.
. Id. at 164, 103 S.Ct. 2933 (quoting Exxon Corp. v. Wis. Dep't of Revenue, 447 U.S. 207, 221, 100 S.Ct. 2109, 65 L.Ed.2d 66 (1980).
. Id. at 178-79, 103 S.Ct. 2933.
. Id. at 166, 103 S.Ct. 2933.
. Id. at 181, 103 S.Ct. 2933 (quoting Mobil Oil Corp. v. Comm'r of Taxes, 445 U.S. 425, 438, 100 S.Ct. 1223, 63 L.Ed.2d 510 (1980)).
. State, Dep't of Revenue v. DynCorp & Subsidiaries, 14 P.3d 981, 985 (Alaska 2000).
. See McKitrick v. State, Pub. Emps. Ret. Sys., 284 P.3d 832, 837 (Alaska 2012) (quoting Lindhag v. State, Dep't of Natural Res., 123 P.3d 948, 952 (Alaska 2005)).
. 463 U.S. at 179-80, 103 S.Ct. 2933.
. 754 P.2d 247, 252 (Alaska 1988).
. 665 P.2d 960, 969 (Alaska 1983).
. See Container Corp. of Am., 463 U.S. at 172, 103 S.Ct. 2933 ("Sales of materials from appellant to its subsidiaries accounted for only about 1% of the subsidiaries' total purchases."); Earth Res. Co. of Alaska, 665 P.2d at 968 ("[There is no highly integrated flow of business between the business entities. .").
. 754 P.2d at 252.
. 463 U.S. at 172, 103 S.Ct. 2933.
. 665 P.2d at 970.
. 458 U.S. 354, 102 S.Ct. 3128, 73 L.Ed.2d 819 (1982).
. Id. at 365, 102 S.Ct. 3128 (emphasis in original).
. Id. at 365-67, 102 S.Ct. 3128 (holding businesses not unitary where there was absence of centralized accounting, legal counsel, financing, and purchasing).
. Id. at 366, 102 S.Ct. 3128.
. Id. at 367-68, 102 S.Ct. 3128.
. Container Corp. of Am. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. 159, 179, 103 S.Ct. 2933, 77 L.Ed.2d 545 (1983).
. Earth Res. Co. of Alaska v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 665 P.2d 960, 968 (Alaska 1983).
. 1 Jerome R. HecurrstEin & Waurer State Taxation 1 8.10{2){al[lii], at 8-159 to 8-162 (3d ed.2012).
. The commentator's analysis is based on his "operational _ interdependency _ test." Id. T8.10[2)[allii], at 8-160 nn. 697-98 (citing T 8.09[4] of treatise). This test explicitly rejects the United States Supreme Court's holding in Container Corp. Id. 1 8.04(c], at 8-147 ("The fact that there may be a 'low of value' among the business segments in a sense sufficient to treat the business segments as unitary under federal constitutional standards does not, in and of itself, justify treating such income as apportionable as a matter of sound tax policy."). The treatise, however, acknowledges that other states have adopted a broader view of the unitary business principle. Id. ¶ 8.03, at 8-139 n. 619 (citing cases from California, Kansas, Oregon, Utah, and Wisconsin as applying the broad approach). Those states that have adopted the operational interdependency test have done so as a matter of state law. See, e.g., State ex rel. Ariz. Dep't of Revenue v. Talley Indus., Inc., 182 Ariz. 17, 893 P.2d 17, 24-25 (Ariz.App.1994); Cox Cablevision Corp. v. Dep't of Revenue, No. 3003, 1992 WL 132428, at *3 (Or. T.C., June 10, 1992). Moreover, the treatise praises the superior court's opinion in this case, describing that opinion as "extremely thoughtful, thorough, and fact-intensive." - Id. ¶ 8.10[2][alliii], at 8-162. In this regard we agree with the treatise: Judge Torrisi's opinion is commendable.
. 463 U.S. at 169, 103 S.Ct. 2933 (citations omitted).
. See id.
. Okla. Tax Comm'n v. Jefferson Lines, Inc., 514 U.S. 175, 185, 115 S.Ct. 1331, 131 L.Ed.2d 261 (1995).
. Id. at 184-85, 115 S.Ct. 1331.
. See AS 43.20.144(a) (stating that section 144 applies only to taxpayers "engaged in the production of oil or gas . in this state or engaged in the transportation of oil or gas by pipeline in this state").
. Because it is the only fact pattern relevant to this appeal, we will limit our discussion to taxpayers, like Tesoro, that both transport and produce oil or gas.
. 467 U.S. 638, 104 S.Ct. 2620, 81 L.Ed.2d 540 (1984).
. Id. at 642, 104 S.Ct. 2620.
. Id. at 639-41, 104 S.Ct. 2620.
. Id. at 644, 104 S.Ct. 2620.
. Id.
. See In re Alt. Minimum Tax Refund Cases, 546 N.W.2d 285, 290-91 (Minn.1996).
. Tesoro has a colorable claim that it has been making this argument all along. Like Tesoro, the hypothetical taxpayer exemplified in its opening brief is taxed under the property, sales, and extraction formula in Alaska and thus, like Teso-ro, must have produced or transported oil or gas in Alaska. Confusingly, the text of Tesoro's opening brief describes the exemplified taxpayer as having no production or transportation inside Alaska. Nonetheless, the example itself supports an assertion-refined in Tesoro's reply brief-that the example illustrates Tesoro's actual situation even though the text of Tesoro's opening brief suggests otherwise. We therefore assume that Tesoro's reply brief permissibly refines its prior argument, and thus preserves the contention for appellate review.
. See, e.g., McGraw v. Cox, 285 P.3d 276, 281 (Alaska 2012).
. Container Corp. of Am. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. 159, 170, 103 S.Ct. 2933, 77 LEd.2d 545 (1983) (quoting Moorman Mfg. Co. v. Bair, 437 U.S. 267, 274, 98 S.Ct. 2340, 57 L.Ed.2d 197 (1978)).
. Friends of Willow Lake, Inc. v. State, Dep't of Transp. & Pub. Facilities, Div. of Aviation & Airports, 280 P.3d 542, 546 (Alaska 2012) (quoting Law Project for Psychiatric Rights, Inc. v. State, 239 P.3d 1252, 1255 (Alaska 2010)).
. Id. (quoting Keller v. French, 205 P.3d 299, 304 (Alaska 2009)).
. In Tesoro's example the taxpayer's property, extraction, sales, and payroll factors in Alaska are 65%, 0%, 75%, and 55%, respectively. The taxpayer's property, extraction, sales, and payroll factors in Texas are 30%, 100%, 20%, and 25%, respectively. And the taxpayer's property, extraction, sales, and payroll factors in California are 5%, 0%, 5%, and 20%, respectively. Applying the property, sales, and extraction formula in Alaska causes 46.7% (65% + 0% + 75%) / 3 = 46.7%) of the taxpayer's total income to be subject to taxation in Alaska, while applying the property, sales, and payroll formula in Alaska causes 65% (65% + 75% + 55%) / 3 = 65%) to be subject to taxation in Alaska. The hypothetical example demonstrates that the formula Alaska chose to apply is more favorable to Tesoro (taxing 46.7%, rather than 65%, of Tesoro's total income) than the alternative formula.
. Armco v. Hardesty, 467 U.S. 638, 104 S.Ct. 2620, 81 L.Ed.2d 540 (1984).
. Id. at 644-45, 104 S.Ct. 2620.
. - Id. at 645, 104 S.Ct. 2620.
. Id. at 640-41, 104 S.Ct. 2620.
. AS 43.19.010, art. IV, § 18 provides:
If the allocation and apportionment provisions of this Article do not fairly represent the extent of the taxpayer's business activity in this state, the taxpayer may petition for or the tax administrator may require, in respect to all or any part of the taxpayer's business activity, if reasonable:
(a) separate accounting;
(b) the exclusion of any one or more of the factors;
(c) the inclusion of one or more additional factors which will fairly represent the taxpayer's business activity in this state; or
(d) the employment of any other method to effectuate an equitable allocation and apportionment of the taxpayer's income.
(Emphasis added.)
. Gulf Oil Corp. v. State, Dep't of Revenue, 755 P.2d 372, 381 (Alaska 1988). As the United States Supreme Court has stated in applying the external consistency test: 'The Constitution does not 'invalidate an apportionment formula whenever it may result in taxation of some income that did not have its source in the taxing State."" Container Corp. of Am. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. 159, 169-70, 103 S.Ct. 2933, 77 LEd.2d 545 (1983) (quoting Moorman Mfg. Co. v. Bair, 437 U.S. 267, 272, 98 S.Ct. 2340, 57 L.Ed.2d 197 (1978)) (emphasis in original) (internal quotation marks and alterations omitted).
. See Gulf Oil Corp., 755 P.2d at 381. Tesoro does not challenge the reasonableness of DOR's conclusion that, given the Department of Law's 1999 opinion that AS 43.20.144(c) is constitutionally infirm as written, it was appropriate for DOR to invoke its authority under section 18 to adopt some remedial deviation from AS 43.20.144(c).
. See, eg., Microsoft Corp. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 39 Cal.4th 750, 47 Cal.Rptr.3d 216, 139 P.3d 1169, 1178 (2006).
. See, eg., Container Corp. of Am. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. 159, 169, 103 S.Ct. 2933, 77 L.Ed.2d 545 (1983).
. Id.
. 1 Jerome R. Heurersteimmn & Warrer HerrerstEn, State Taxation 18.06[2], at 8-67 (3d ed.2012).
. Gulf Oil Corp., 755 P.2d at 385-87.
. Id. at 387.
. Id.
. See In re Colo. Interstate Gas Co., 276 Kan. 672, 79 P.3d 770, 786 (2003). See also Chase Brass & Copper Co. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 70 Cal.App.3d 457, 138 Cal.Rptr. 901, 911 (1977).
. - Walter Hellerstein, State Taxation of Corporate Income from Intangibles: Allied-Signal and Beyond, 48 Tax L. Rev. 739, 779 (1993) ("No state, however, takes account of intangible property in the property factor of the standard three factor formula, which is limited to the taxpayer's real and tangible personal property.").
. See, eg., Random House, Inc. v. Comptroller of the Treasury, 310 Md. 696, 531 A.2d 683, 685-90 (1987); Disney Enter., Inc. v. Tax Appeals Tribunal of the State, 40 A.D.3d 49, 830 N.Y.S.2d 614, 617 (N.Y¥.App.Div.2007), aff'd, 10 N.Y.3d 392, 859 N.Y.S.2d 87, 888 N.E.2d 1029 (2008). But see Crocker Equip. Leasing, Inc. v. Dep't of Revenue, 314 Or. 122, 838 P.2d 552, 557-58 (Or. 1992).
. 1 Jerome R. Heuusrstein & Warrer Strats Taxation T8.06(3], at 8-67 to 8-68 (3d ed.2012); id. at 19.02, at 9-18 to 9-19 (3d ed.2011).
. Container Corp. of Am. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. 159, 181, 103 S.Ct. 2933, 77 LEd.2d 545 (1983).
. Id. at 165, 103 S.Ct. 2933.
. 1 Jrrome R. Heurrestzin & Warrer State Taxation 18.06[3], at 8-68 (3d ed.2012).
. See Microsoft Corp. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 39 Cal.4th 750, 47 Cal.Rptr.3d 216, 139 P.3d 1169, 1180 (2006), Am. Tel. & Tel. Co. v. State Tax Appeal Bd., 241 Mont. 440, 787 P.2d 754, 757 (1990); Sherwin-Williams Co. v. Johnson, 989 S.W.2d 710, 712 (Tenn.App.1998). "
. See Microsoft Corp., 47 Cal.Rptr.3d 216, 139 P.3d at 1180 (limiting holding to cireumstances in which sales factor would otherwise include income from "corporate treasury departments whose operations are qualitatively different from the rest of a corporation's business").
. See id., 47 Cal.Rptr.3d 216, 139 P.3d at 1178-79; Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 787 P.2d at 757; Sher-win-Williams Co., 989 S.W.2d at 716.
. Container Corp. of Am. v. Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. 159, 181, 103 S.Ct. 2933, 77 LEd.2d 545 (1983) (quoting Mobil Oil Corp. v. Comm'r of Taxes, 445 U.S. 425, 438, 100 S.Ct. 1223, 63 L.Ed.2d 510 (1980)).
. 283 U.S. 123, 51 S.Ct. 385, 75 L.Ed. 879 (1931).
. See Trinova Corp. v. Mich. Dep't of Treasury, 498 U.S. 358, 368-70 & n. 8, 111 S.Ct. 818, 112 L.Ed.2d 884 (1991) (holding taxable income of $221,125,319 under formula apportionment cof-stitutional even when compared to taxable income of -$28,493,861 under separate accounting); Butler Bros. v. McColgan, 315 U.S. 501, 505, 62 S.Ct. 701, 86 L.Ed. 991 (1942) (holding taxable income of $1,149,677 under formula apportionment constitutional even when compared to a taxable income of -$82,851 under separate . accounting).
. See, eg., McKesson Corp. v. Div. of Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco, Dep't of Bus. Regulation of Fla., 496 U.S. 18, 51, 110 S.Ct 2238, 110 L.Ed.2d 17 (1990); see also AS 43.05.242(g) (requiring payment of tax by litigant disputing tax).
. See 1 Jerome R. Hersrstem & Warrer stem, State Taxation T 8.08[2][alli, at 8-102 (3d ed.2012) ("[Alu integrated oil company is the quintessential unitary business.")..
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common_corpus
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{'identifier': '6971115_2', 'collection': 'Caselaw Access Project', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '2013.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '4062', 'token_count': '6746', '__index_level_0__': '1020', 'original_id': 'eda232a449df96652b06bf6030c4c2ad9406b62242b0bb2f89b599587eab11b2'}
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July 8, 2010
New Parallel Between Cold Gases And ‘Hot’ Superconductors
Scientists at JILA, working with Italian theorists, have discovered another notable similarity between ultracold atomic gases and high-temperature superconductors, suggesting there may be a relatively simple shared explanation for equivalent behaviors of the two very different systems.
Described in Nature Physics,* the new research lends more support to the idea that JILA studies of superfluidity (flow with zero friction) in atomic gases may help scientists understand far more complicated high-temperature superconductors, solids with zero resistance to electrical current at relatively high temperatures. Known high-temperature superconductors only superconduct well below room temperature, but a detailed understanding of how the materials work may one day lead to practical applications such as more efficient transmission of electricity across power grids.
The JILA group studies how atoms in a Fermi gas** behave as they "cross over" from acting like a Bose Einstein condensate, in which atom pairs form tightly bound molecules, to behaving like pairs of separated electrons in a superconductor. In the new study, JILA scientists applied a technique they developed in 2008 to explore subtle energy properties of ultracold atoms. The technique is an adaptation of photoemission spectroscopy, long used to probe the energy of electrons in materials. A superconductor research group recently used electron photoemission spectroscopy to find evidence of electron pairing above the critical temperature where the material switches from a superconductor to a regular conductor. Why this duality occurs is a subject of debate.
The JILA scientists performed comparable measurements for an ultracold gas of potassium atoms at and above temperatures where superfluidity disappears. Like the superconductor group, the JILA team found evidence of atom pairing above the critical temperature. This demonstrates the existence of a so-called "pseudo-gap region" where the system retains some pairs of correlated fermions but not all characteristics of superfluidity. The findings were made possible in part by significant improvements in the signal strength of the atom photoemission spectroscopy technique since 2008.
"What makes this really interesting is that the two systems are actually very different, with the high-temperature superconductor being much more complicated than atomic gases," says NIST/JILA Fellow Deborah Jin. "The observation of similar behavior with similar measurements suggests that having a pseudogap phase does not require complicated explanations, such as lattice effects, two-dimensionality, or exotic pairing mechanisms."
Co-authors of the new paper are theorists from the Universita di Camerino in Italy. The research was funded by the National Science Foundation.
* J.P. Gaebler, J.T. Stewart, T.E. Drake and D.S. Jin, A. Perali, P. Pieri and G.C. Strinati. 2010. Observation of pseudogap behavior in a strongly interacting Fermi gas. Nature Physics. Posted online July 4.
** A Fermi gas is a collection of noninteracting particles called fermions, one of two categories of fundamental particles found in nature (bosons are the other). Identical fermions cannot occupy the same place at the same time.
Image Caption: NIST Fellow Deborah Jin in her laboratory at JILA where she studies ultracold atomic gases and their similarities to high-temperature superconductors. The atoms are initially trapped and cooled in a glass cylinder located below the copper coils. Credit: Burrus/NIST
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The "Eggs" of Old Faithful Are Like Geologic Gobstoppers, Each Layer Capturing a Snapshot of Past Conditions.
Photograph by Michael Nichols, National Geographic Creative
Geyserite is a form of opaline silica that is often found around hot springs and geysers. It is sometimes referred to as sinter. Botryoidal geyserite is known as fiorite.
Geyser eggs don't spawn a swarm of baby steam-sputtering structures; they are, after all, rocks. But they're far from ordinary: These pebbles are like geologic gobstoppers. They solidify layer by layer as silica from the steamy waters of geothermal pools precipitate out of solution, making each layer a snapshot of pool conditions at the time it was formed.
A trove of these geologic oddities lies scattered in the colorful thermal pools surrounding Yellowstone's Old Faithful geyser, yet strong protections within the national park have long prevented scientists from getting their hands on the eggs. But recently, for the first time, a team of geologists were allowed to remove a single “Old Faithful” egg. Their analysis of the bean-shaped pebble, which is roughly the size of a silver dollar, provides new insights into the egg's delicate structures and could provide clues to how Old Faithful changes overtime.
“It is amazing to think that these little rocks capture and preserve the history of the discharging fluid for as long as it is growing,” says study author Bridget Lynne of the University of Auckland.
The study was conducted in conjunction with a National Geographic-funded project focused on teasing out near-surface geyser features.
Geyser egg analysis could also holds the secrets to early life, explains Brian Jones, a geologist from the University of Alberta who was not involved in the study. Some scientists posit geysers fostered some of the earliest cellular forms, which means studying similar eggs could help researchers untangle how life first arose.
Cracking the Secrets of Old Faithful's Geyser Eggs
Geyserite eggs (Sawmill Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone, Wyoming, USA) Photo: James St. John
The Golden Egg
Though scientists have long known geyser eggs exist, they still conceal many questions within their smooth, curvy sides. Why do they form? How quickly do they take shape? What information does each layer hold?
Part of the problem in studying geyser eggs is that while geysers and the thermal pools they create are rare geological features, geyser eggs are even rarer, says Duncan Foley, study author and a geologist at Pacific Lutheran University.
Old Faithful's thermal pools, however, are surprisingly rife with geyser eggs. “This was the largest collection of these rare rocks I have seen in my scientific career,” says Lynne. “For me, this added a new dimension to the iconic status of Old Faithful geyser.”
To study the precious Yellowstone egg, the researchers sliced it in half and subjected it to a battery of tests to determine its composition and structure. Among the many tests were CT scans, as well as bombarding the interior layers with beams of electrons and X-rays to tease out minute structures.
Layered Details
The egg contains concentric rings of varying density and composition. “We're seeing what are probably changes in the chemistry of the geyser waters through time,” says Foley. As geyser eggs grow, they're “actively recording” any shifts in elemental composition, Lynne explains, adding that the changes in density may reflect cyclical changes like the frost and thaw of passing seasons.
But what do these changes mean for Old Faithful's plumbing? The answer is complicated.
The famous geyser's waters collect in a large underground tea-pot shaped chamber before periodically erupting, but they first travel through a web of underground crevices. Along the way the roiling waters—which reach temperatures over 350 degrees Fahrenheit—dissolve nearby minerals, changing the chemistry of the water.
But how those twists and turns change through time remains a mystery, says Jones. “ It's very difficult to trace that water.”
What Came First: The Microbe or the Egg?
Generally speaking, the process of geyser egg formation is similar to making hard candy, says Foley. Candy makers must heat sugary water to high temperatures, dissolving much more of the sweet stuff than colder water could handle. Then, as the solution cools, the sugar begins to crystallize.
Similarly, thermal pools are periodically refreshed with hot, mineral-rich water when nearby geysers erupt. As the solution cools, the minerals may slowly precipitate and cling to whatever is available—and sometimes that takes the form of eggs. But thermal pools also contain microbes which could also enhance the growth.
How fast the eggs form, however, remains unknown. Unlike the rings of a tree, geyser egg layers probably aren't annual, says Jones. His 2001 analysis of trapped pollen grains in New Zealand geyser eggs suggest the egg layers grow at roughly 0.35 mm per year. But it's a mystery whether this holds true for geyser eggs from other regions.
With just a single sample in this latest study, it's hard to draw many definitive conclusions. “When you've only got one of something … you never know if it's typical,” Jones says. But he's quick to add: “I can't fault the authors for that; they did well to get one.”
“It was truly a privilege to be allowed access to this site and to be able to sample the geyser eggs,” says Lynne. Not only could the new study help preserve the iconic Old Faithful, it marks one more step toward cracking the geyser eggs' secrets.
The above post is reprinted from Materials provided by National Geographic.
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Sometimes when I make a roux-based sauce, it turns out too thin. Are there any ways to make it thicker after the sauce is done? Adding salt helps a bit, but I don't want to add too much for obvious reasons. Ideas how to prevent the sauce from getting too thin in the first place are also welcome.
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I have no idea how salt would do anything other than make your sauce more salty. I wouldn't expect it to affect the viscosity at all. – Allison Mar 11 '11 at 12:21
Are you cooking it long enough, it can take a while to thicken – vwiggins Mar 11 '11 at 12:27
6 Answers 6
up vote 11 down vote accepted
If your sauce is too thin, the problem is that your initial roux was either too thin (not enough flour) or you added too much liquid for the amount of roux that you made. Standard ratios are 1 Tbsp butter - 1 Tbsp flour - 1 cup liquid for a thin sauce, 2-2-1 for something in the middle and 3-3-1 for a thick sauce.
Once you've made the sauce and it's too thin, the best fix is to add a beurre manié, which is essentially butter and flour that you mash together in a small bowl and then whisk into your sauce. It's kind of like adding more roux after the fact. However, because it's not pre-cooked like the roux, you need to make sure you give it enough cooking time after adding to get rid of the floury taste.
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As an alternative to corn flour, Arrowroot is a plant based starch of similar price to corn starch but with some better qualities
Important is sauces is that it does not cloud the sauce, and keeps a shiny appearance
Also, it doesn't require the heat level to set that corn starch does. So it can be added after a sauce is finished to increase thickness
Always mix Arrowroot with a little cold liquid (not milk) and then add that to the sauce
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Agreed on arrowroot being a superior choice to corn starch in many cases; however, I don't think I'd use either in a roux. Arrowroot also has no protein, so it won't really "cook" or gelatinize like wheat flour, and it also breaks down under high heat, which a roux will tend to be subjected to. There's a lot to be said for choosing the appropriate flour for a specific roux based on protein content, but a roux made with no protein is going to be thin, flat, and flavourless. – Aaronut Mar 11 '11 at 16:59
@Aaronut The OP wanted "Are there any ways to make it thicker after the sauce is done?" A roux is made with flour, but if the finished product is too thin, Arrowroot is a quick fix – TFD Mar 11 '11 at 20:54
I understand. The first few words were "as an alternative" so I assumed you meant to use it instead of flour. Presumably that must have been in reference to the corn starch answer instead. – Aaronut Mar 11 '11 at 21:23
@Aaronut ah yes, that is a technicality with SE, it reads in a different order every time you view a page. Have edited to by crystal clear – TFD Mar 12 '11 at 10:39
Only for answers with tied votes. The highest-voted answer is always at the top. – Aaronut Mar 12 '11 at 15:57
One excellent way to thicker almost any type of sauce is to use corn flour. It is inexpensive and easy to use. When you've decided you want to thicken your sauce separately mix some cornflower with a little milk or water to make a smooth paste and then add to you sauce making suer you stir. This works well for soups too.
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Thanks. Is there a particular reason to use cornflour instead of ordinary flour? – Rian Schmits Mar 11 '11 at 9:51
Cornflour works faster, and I find it gives a smoother, less floury taste. Whisk or stir constantly as you add it though, otherwise you'll end up with lumps. – KimbaF Mar 11 '11 at 9:57
Cornflour, is not a 'flour' it is the processed starch from corn meal. While wheat or corn meal flour will thicken sauces, you need a lot more product to get the same thickening level, and this will effect taste and quality – TFD Mar 11 '11 at 11:16
What the UK calls cornflour, the US calls cornstarch. (corn flour in the US is frequently a finer grind of cornmeal, used for making tamales and the like) see cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/784/… – Joe Mar 11 '11 at 13:38
While this is true in a general sense, I feel that it's kind of irrelevant to the specific question. A roux is, by definition, made from fat and starch, so either you are saying "use more flour", which is pretty self-evident, or "use corn starch instead of regular flour", which as @TFD says, is actually not a flour and thus not such a hot idea for a roux; you won't get the rich flavour you're supposed to get from cooked flour. – Aaronut Mar 11 '11 at 16:53
a quick solution is to make a slurry. add 1 tbsp flour to 1/4 cup liquid and stir til combined, if too thick add a little more liquid -COLD btw, if you add hot liquid it will expand too quickly. once it is thinned out enough, add to the pot and whisk together. when it is thick enough, add equal extra amount of butter or oil to balance flavour
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If you have this problem frequently, one solution is to make more roux than you think you'll need, then reserve some after you've cooked it, but before you've added any (or much) liquid;
You can then add the roux in at the end ... the easiest way is to get some onto a wisk and then wisk it in, and keep repeating until you think you've gotten enough in.
It will thicken up with time if you leave it at a simmer, but I think that might be partially from evaporation, so you'll end up with less. It'll also thicken up more as it cools down, so you want it a little thinner than the thickness you want to serve it at, or it might turn into a giant lump.
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Very likely due to evaporation. A roux actually has a pretty small margin of error; too little water and the flour won't gelatinize, too much water and you'll end up with slurry. Normally one of the things you need to be extra careful of when making a roux is letting the water evaporate too quickly; if the roux balls up (i.e. is cooked) and is still too thin then it means you added way too much water at the beginning - better to just use less water next time than to try to "reduce" it afterward and risk overcooking the roux. – Aaronut Mar 11 '11 at 17:03
The best way that I've found to keep the roux from being too thin is to slowly add the liquid, letting the roux thicken as it cooks. When it starts to get thick and I need more volume, I'll add more liquid. Repeat until the required volume is reached. Depending on what I'm making it for, I might add more butter and/or flour.
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The Florida Recount: New Lawsuits, New Accusations
Aired November 19, 2000 - 8:00 p.m. ET
BERNARD SHAW, CNN ANCHOR: Democrats file legal arguments demanding Florida's highest court recognize all manual recount results. And as Republicans prepare their own briefs, they level new accusations.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We have found Bush ballots, our observers have found Bush ballots there the Gore piles. Both last night and this morning Bush ballots were found in the Gore pile to be counted as Gore votes.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The Bush campaign is ratcheting up the rhetoric here.
SHAW: Also, challenges to the overseas absentee vote. So, which ballots will count and which will be bounced? We'll look ahead to Monday's big legal battle in Tallahassee. And get a glimpse of the political strategies being spun by both sides right now.
This is a CNN special report: "THE FLORIDA RECOUNT." I'm Bernard Shaw in Washington with Jeff Greenfield and Bill Schneider.
Eleven days after Americans thought they were electing a president, it's still up to Florida, and here's where things stand to the moment: Absentee ballots sent in from overseas allowed George W. Bush to put a little more room between himself and Al Gore. Bush's lead increased from 300 votes to 930, out of 6 million cast. Soon after the updated figures were announced, the Bush camp launched a blistering attack on the manual recounting still under way in Broward and Palm Beach counties.
And manual recounts begin Monday in Florida's most populous county, Dade, but with a twist: human counters will look only at machine ballots where no vote for president was registered. And Seminole County entered the fray today, with Democrats there challenging 4,700 absentee ballots over alleged irregularities in the application process.
In Tallahassee today, the secretary of state recorded vote totals from overseas, while the state supreme court collected written arguments on the validity of manual recounts. CNN's Deborah Feyerick recounts the major developments:
DEBORAH FEYERICK, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The overseas absentee ballots counted George W. Bush had inched closer to the finish line. While those votes trippled Governor Bush's to just over 900, it remains a razor thin margin, considering more than 8 million Floridians went to polls Election Day.
Still both sides are holding their breath as Florida's highest court gets ready to hear arguments on whether new hand recounts should be included in the final total. Lawyers for the Gore campaign filed their briefs shortly before Saturday's 2:00 deadline. In it they argue Secretary of State Katherine Harris in their words "used the wrong legal standard in ignoring manual recounts" and "that her refusal to accept recounts was a an abuse of discretion."
The Bush team must respond by noon Sunday. In a lower court this week, their attorneys argued the state's top election official was following Florida law and upholding Tuesday's deadline and that she was right to disregard new tallies. The Gore and Bush campaigns will face the judge Monday, each side having exactly one hour to lay out their case.
(on camera): And with all the facts before them the judges will decide whether the new vote tallies will count, a ruling that will affect the impact of the presidential election.
Deborah Feyerick, CNN, Tallahassee.
SHAW: We haven't heard a lot lately from the two men at the center of this battle for the ballot. They've been leaving most of the talking to folks they trust, former statesmen, lawyers, other politicians. One of those Gore turns to is Jack Quinn, at one time the vice president's chief of staff.
Mr. Quinn, what basic argument will your side make to persuade the supreme court of the merits of the vice president's case?
JACK QUINN, GORE ADVISER: It's very simple, Bernie. The basic argument is that Florida statute clearly permits the hand recounting of votes and that being the case we will ask the court to a firm what was very power any implied yesterday namely that if you're going to allow the hand recounting to happen, then the results of it should be included in the final tally. That's the sum and substance of it.
You alluded earlier to this change in the tone today and I do think it's important we focus on this and that we all understand that one of these campaigns is going end up losing and that that loser whether it's George Bush or Al Gore and their supporters will have abnormal us responsibility to help heal this nation. The vitriol has to get out of the system. We have got to tone this thing down. We have got to all keep focused on the fact that ad the end of the day, the loser is going to have a very heavy responsibility to help heal this nation.
JEFF GREENFIELD, CNN SENIOR POLITICAL ANALYST: That's nice words, but Chris Lehane, the chief spokesman for Al Gore called Ms. Harris, Commisar Harris, when she ruled against him. You have Jesse Jackson comparing this to Selma. Are you telling us that the tone is wrong on both sides -- equal?
QUINN: I'm not trying to point fingers. I'm saying that we all are at a moment in time now when we have to realize that we have a responsibility to stand down to argue our cases. We are pretty confident, the Democratic process will be carried forth that the votes will be counted. We think that's what the supreme court of Florida is going to require.
But at the end of this political administrative and judicial process, we will choose somebody to be president. I think if all the votes are counted and counted fairly and completely, Al Gore will be president. I might be wrong. But at the end of the day, I want to be able to stand up with the other side and say, look, we are going to take some temperatures to heal this nation and that's going to be much more difficult if we keep ratcheting up the rhetoric on both sides.
SHAW: The supreme court Monday -- what do you expect to come out of the hearing?
QUINN: Think it's almost a forgotten conclusion. It's inconceivable to me that the supreme court of Florida would say to these counties and the secretary of state, allow these manual hand counts to continue and then turn around and say, but don't count to votes that result from that in the tally. The supreme court of Florida, I assume and I think there's good reason for this is going to say that the votes that the machines missed that should have been counted and as to this point have not been counted, ought to be counted in the tally.
SHAW: Let's bring in C. Boyden Gray now, who served as counsel to Governor Bush's father during his presidency.
Mr. Gray, what basic argument will your side make to persuade the supreme court on the merits of the governor's case?
C. BOYDEN GRAY, BUSH ADVISER: Well, I just want to make the point that they are going argue procedurally that the court has no jurisdiction to stay, stop the certification which is required by Florida law. Even David Boies one of the most aggressive litigators in America didn't have the guts to ask the court to step into something for which they had no jurisdiction. The courts don't have any say there this until she has certified and there is something to attack.
On the merits I think they will argue just the opposite what Jack suggested. They'll argue that in the absence of fraud or machine failure there's absolutely no ground to do a manual recount; it's a circus that's going on down there. You can't do a hand count of a machine ballot. If hand counts were so romantically preferable, Florida should have had manual recounts with manual ballots. They don't. They have machine counts because they're more fair and they're quicker. And one of the problems is, is that affidavits and evidence of the chaos is going on in these three counties probably won't be entered into evidence because of the premature nature of this entire action in the supreme court.
GREENFIELD: Mr. Gray, let's talk about the tone on your side.
Ms. Hughes -- Karen Hughes, the spokesman, came very close to saying what Bush's supporters are saying in so many words, that Al Gore is trying to steal this election. She talked about the fact this is not only a recount, but a reinvention of a vote. And it doesn't take a linguist to figure out what that means.
Do you think that represents an appropriate tone -- argument to make? Is that what you're saying?
GRAY: I'm not going to argue the tone of the question. I could talk on the other side of the character assassination of Mrs. Harris. One of the sort of more amusing charges leveled against her is this breathless accusation that she is actually hired lawyers who are close to Jeb Bush. Imagine the horror of it.
GREENFIELD: But is the campaign prepared to say that Al Gore is trying to steal this election?
GRAY: No, that's not my understanding but I just want to finish. The law firm that is supposed to be so close to Jeb Bush is Janet Reno's former law firm. So I think everybody needs to perhaps tone down some of the rhetoric and get back to the facts that are on the ground.
GREENFIELD: One more quick thing. If the state supreme court somehow orders the Gore electors certified, if effect, I think you're thinking this could go all the way to Congress next January in a challenge to those electors?
GRAY: If common sense doesn't prevail before then that is entirely possible. The point I think that should be remembered is, this is not a situation where hand counts were anticipated, and what you have is a circus going on in three counties.
SHAW: That was the worst case scenario that Jeff alluded to, but in the near term, how far is this from being over?
GRAY: I don't see what the exit strategy is here because while the Supreme Court has said you can't certify it, the Supreme Court is not indicated when she could certify and if we have a full vote count, say, in Miami, it could take weeks. Now they're certainly going to speed it up, but they're going to be appeals. They're going to protest about individual ballots.
I don't see how this thing is going to get resolved by Thanksgiving. I don't know how it's going get resolved even by the time the Electoral College is supposed to meet, and I just don't see the end of it. That's why we have a machine counting now, is because you have a speeded up process. It didn't -- it used to be March the president would be sworn in. Now it's January.
If Governor Bush -- if Vice President Gore is ultimately decided, he has an easy transition. He walks right in, inherits all the people from President Clinton. Governor Bush is totally paralyzed. Even now he's totally paralyzed. He will have no one in place, no one cleared through the FBI process, no one cleared through ethics and he has no place to go and his first two years would be crippled.
SHAW: C. Boyden Grey, Jack Quinn, gentlemen, thanks very much.
QUINN: Glad to be here.
SHAW: Good to see you this time of night. Thank you.
The Bush camp is pleased the overseas ballots have boosted the Texas governor's lead. But the attack on the manual recount of votes in several counties was stepped up.
CNN's senior political correspondent Candy Crowley is in Austin covering the Bush campaign.
CANDY CROWLEY, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Acknowledging supporters at the gates of the Texas governor's mansion, George Bush showed no sign of wear and tear from this wild ride through the unknown. But inside his campaign, the words told of an increased ferocity in the battle for Florida.
GOV. MARK RACICOT (R), MONTANA: But last night, we learned how far the vice president's campaign will go to win this election. And I am very sorry to say that the vice presidents lawyers have gone to war, in my judgment, against the men and women who serve in our Armed Forces. In an effort to win at any cost, the Democrats have launched a statewide effort to throw out as many military ballots as they can.
CROWLEY: The Bush camp claims up to 1,100 overseas ballots, most of them from the military, were thrown out as invalid in a systematic effort by Gore supporters to reduce the advantage Bush is thought to hold among military personnel.
Florida laws governing absentee ballots are intricate, and both parties questioned the validity of votes that came in. At Bush headquarters in Austin, advisors also put some specifics on their long-standing charge that the hand count process is tainted by Democratic bias, human error, and suspicious goings-on.
RACICOT: Both last night and this morning, Bush ballots were found in the Gore pile to be counted as Gore votes. And a Democratic observer found these and pointed it out. And the Democratic observer later apologized to the Republican counterpart, telling him that the stack of ballots was different last night.
CROWLEY: Taking the lead in the Bush assault on the reliability of the hand count, Montana governor Mark Racicot also told tales of exhausted seniors, counters using flashlights to make out what they're seeing, dropped ballots, mishandled ballots, and chad being taped back over the hole by George Bush's name.
RACICOT: I think when the American people learn about these things, they're going to ask themselves, what in the name of God is going on here?
CROWLEY: The case outlined in Bush campaign headquarters was designed for the court of public opinion, but the argument foreshadows Monday's appointment in the Florida Supreme Court. The Bush camp says it has gathered sworn testimony from eyewitnesses to these events.
CROWLEY: Gore aides dismiss the allegations coming out of the Bush camp as just another attempt to undermine the recount by disparaging the process, and bad-mouthing the citizens carrying it out. The Bush replies it is merely trying to focus attention on what's going on in Florida -- Bernie.
SHAW: Candy, please stay there for a moment. We want to bring in CNN's Chris Black who is monitoring the Gore camp to get their response to these allegations of vote counting improprieties -- Chris.
CHRIS BLACK, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Bernie, the Gore camp is dismissing the Republican charges as politics as usual, and part of a systematic attempt by Governor Bush's campaign to delegitimize the standard recount process.
DOUG HATTAWAY, GORE CAMPAIGN SPOKESMAN: What we've seen watching on television of the counting of the ballots is civic-minded people carefully observing each ballot. They are being watched over by observers from both sides. I think if they are noting issues, that they're bringing those to the attention of the appropriate officials. I think that's clear to everybody.
The Bush campaign is ratcheting up the rhetoric here. It could be because Governor Bush did not win all votes that they were expecting out of the overseas ballots so now they're trying to cast aspersions on the process. I think that's the tactic at work here.
BLACK: And Florida's Democratic Senator Bob Graham also criticized the Republican attack saying: "I'm extremely disappointed Republicans insist on hurling reckless partisan charges that disparage a lawful process. Injecting these politically motivations is an affront to the citizens of Florida and denigrates the seriousness of the effort currently underway.
The Gore campaign is also denying Democrats deliberately tried to throw out the votes of military personnel overseas. They say that local officials, many of them Republican, watched by both Republican and Democratic observers, made the decision to exclude ballots based on the criteria put forth by the Republican Secretary of State Katherine Harris.
The gore campaign also says it did not have anything to fear from military ballots because many enlisted personnel are members of minority groups and tend to favor Democrats. The Gore campaign took a low-key posture today, letting their legal filings do the talking for them.
In a brief filed with the Supreme Court of Florida, the campaign asked the court to force Secretary of State Harris to accept all lawfully cast and counted votes, including the recounted ballots. The Gore campaign was unphased by Bush increasing his lead today and in fact were pleased that Bush only picked up 630 votes in the overseas balloting. They had feared it might be much worse.
The Gore campaign is also focusing its energy today on the recounts themselves, where they continue to pick up some votes, but the process is extremely slow and Gore operatives are charging Republicans are making frivolous challenges to deliberately slow up the process -- Bernie.
SHAW: Thank you, Chris. Candy, back to you. What will the Bush camp do with this evidence it claims to have in these sworn statements?
CROWLEY: Well, I'm assuming that this was sort of a prologue to what's going to go on in the Florida Supreme Court on Monday. As a non-lawyer, I can't tell you whether that's evidence that would be submitted but there is some reason that they gathered these sworn statements about these mistakes and missteps that they say are happening in these recounting center. So they're obviously going to put them to some use, otherwise they'd just have the people come out the camera and talk, but they have, as they say, sworn statements about some of these abuses.
SHAW: And Chris, is the Gore camp bracing for possibly another legal fight over these allegations?
BLACK: Well, they're braced for just about everything, Bernie. It seems like every day bring a new problem for them and this isn't over, but the battle that is before them on Monday before the Supreme Court is pretty straightforward. They're going to ask the highest court in the state to decide if those recounted votes should be included and hoping that that court will agree with them.
SHAW: Chris Black, Candy Crowley, thanks very, very much.
Due to the legal battle over Florida, the vice president is canceling his plans to travel to Nashville tomorrow. Gore was to attend a family reunion conference, but he's changed his plans and now he's going address the gathering by satellite.
Still ahead, the view from abroad. How overseas journalists view this historic election? And next, the view of the Florida Supreme Court from its former chief justice. Also, a glimpse of the hand recount under the microscope and later, Jeanne Moos shows us the holes in this story. This is a CNN special report.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I don't think our system's messed up at all. I think our system's the best in the world and this is a true sign of how it's going to work to the best of its ability; and the winner's going to come out and the loser's going to come out supporting him. And America is going to come out on top like they always do.
SHAW: Americans have not seen an election process quite like this one before. It's been complicated, it's been confusing. To help shed some light on this matter, we're joined from Miami by Gerald Kogan, a former Florida Supreme Court justice. He now heads the new alliance for ethical government at the University of Miami. And from Orlando, CNN election analyst, David Cardwell who is a former director of the Florida division of elections.
Judge Kogan, are you glad you're not sitting on the Supreme Court right now?
GERALD KOGAN, FORMER FLORIDA SUPREME COURT JUSTICE: Bernie, quite frankly, no. I wish I were sitting there. This is one of the most important cases that this nation has probably faced in a long, long time and I wish I were really participating.
SHAW: Take us behind the scenes. Right now, what's happening this weekend among the seven justices?
KOGAN: Well, I'm sure that they have received the briefs from the Gore side and I understand that the Bush side briefs are due in tomorrow. So the justices have been reading the briefs over the weekend. They also have their research aides and each one has three research aides, plus they have a central research staff researching the law, writing legal memos for them and everybody is getting ready for the oral arguments that are going to take place on Monday.
SHAW: David Cardwell, your thoughts about that 2:00 p.m. session in Florida's highest court.
DAVID CARDWELL, CNN ELECTION ANALYST: What's going to be interesting, I've had several election law cases before that were before the Supreme Court. They were typically just before an election under somewhat of an emergency situation. And it does kind of compress the process, as you saw briefs due from one side one day, from the other side the following day and then the third day, oral argument. So this process is moving along rapidly and I'm sure the court will be prepared.
Florida appellate courts always come into oral arguments prepared, having read the briefs and the memoranda, as Justice Kogan mentioned; so it's going to be a well-prepared court on Monday at 2:00.
GREENFIELD: Judge Kogan, it's Jeff Greenfield; as a matter of law, could the Florida state Supreme Court, once it hears this argument, actually order Secretary of State Harris to count those hand counted ballots from those counties? Would that be within their purview? KOGAN: Yes, it is. I've heard a lot of people talk about that you can't violate the separation of powers, but that's done all the time and it's not a violation. A public official, even though they're granted certain authority by a constitutional document, cannot just do whatever they want and interpret the authority the way they want to interpret it.
So courts always tell public officials whether or not they're exceeding their authority and will also order them to do certain things to bring they in line with what the court feels the law requires.
GREENFIELD: One follow-up for you, judge. On Monday, is there any legal power to the fact that the Bush folks might come into court with a lot of affidavits claiming that these votes are actually being miscounted? Is this an evidentiary process, where the judges will look and consider that?
KOGAN: No, this is not an evidentiary process. The Supreme Court does not take testimony, it only considers evidence that has been submitted to a lower court and examine a finding on the facts made by a judge or a jury in the lower court. They will not initiate their own investigation of the facts.
SHAW: David Cardwell, Monday's showdown -- legal showdown in Tallahassee -- what's your biggest fear?
CARDWELL: My biggest fear is that there will not be a good, clear resolution of the issues and that the three counties that are either engaged in recounts now or, in the case of Miami-Dade, will start on Monday, will not get any clear directions as to how to proceed and it will be somewhat in limbo for a few weeks.
It's possible that the court could say that this case is before them prematurely, that they have not been presented with a situation where the secretary of state refused to accept a new count. She's announced that she would, but it hasn't been presented to her yet and the court could say, come back to us when you finish the recounts and she refuses to take them then. The problem is, that's going to have the process play itself out in sort of a legal no-man's land until at least early December. So I hope, even if the court says come back to us later, they'll at least give some guidance to those three canvassing boards in Dade, Broward and Palm Beach County so that they'll know how they should be proceeding.
SHAW: And back to you Judge Kogan, with my last question. These justices on Florida's high court will not rush to judgment. Therefore, how long do you expect them to take?
KOGAN: Well, remember, Bernie, they've been preparing, probably for the last week, and certainly over this weekend everybody has really been hitting the books, writing the legal memos. And I dare say that they'll come out with an opinion faster than we realize, and I'm not talking about weeks or months, I'm talking about an opinion that may come out within days after hearing the argument or a week at the most. SHAW: Justice Gerald Kogan, David Cardwell, gentlemen thanks very, very much.
CARDWELL: Thank you.
KOGAN: Thank you.
SHAW: Quite welcome.
And next here, our senior political analyst Bill Schneider on the spin war over that Florida recount.
SHAW: We all have opinions on this election 2000 stand-off, and the odds are pretty good that some of those opinions, if not most, were influence by the spin masters in one campaign or the other.
Joining us now with the latest on the spin war, Bill Schneider.
So who's ahead in the spin war?
WILLIAM SCHNEIDER, CNN SENIOR POLITICAL ANALYST: Well, Bernie, until 4:00 yesterday, I would have said the Bush campaign. That's because Secretary of State Katherine Harris was all set to come out and certify the final vote today, without any of the ballots being recounted by hand, being included. Now, had she done that, we now know what she would have said: Bush wins by 930 votes; and most Americans would have accepted that as conclusive, the polls indicate.
Yesterday, Democrats were desperately spinning projected numbers from the hand recounts -- their experts were calling and claiming that, when the hand recounts were eventually completed in this or that county Gore would be 800 or 900 or 1,000 votes ahead, anything to make it look like the secretary of state's figures were premature. Democrats just love those pictures of people counting the votes. How can she announce a vote total if people are still counting the votes? Those pictures kept public impatience at bay: hold on, hold, they're still counting the votes.
SHAW: Who's winning the spin wars today?
SCHNEIDER: Well, everything shifted yesterday when the Florida Supreme Court banned Harris from certifying the vote, but also allowed that hand counts to go on. Now we're told that the ruling was greeted with whoops and cheers at Gore headquarters. The very minute the hand recounts show Gore overtaking that 930-vote deficit, the whole political equation shifts in the Democrats' favor.
Can the court allow the secretary of state to exclude those votes, which clearly would change the outcome? That would be allowing Bush to, in the Democrat's view, steal the election. Gore has agreed that Bush can ask for a statewide recount. But then Bush would have to give up his objections to the hand recounts. And Bush would then be the one delaying the outcome.
SHAW: So what are the Republican spinners saying?
SCHNEIDER: Well, today Republicans are objecting to the fact that more than a thousand absentee ballots were thrown out because of improper postmarks. They claim that this was an organized effort by the Gore campaign to nullify military votes. And Gore wants to be commander-in-chief, they say.
Now Republicans are telling horror stories about the way the hand recounts are being mishandled: ballots smudged with fingernail polish. Counters shuffling ballots like decks of cards. Chad flying around the room and they've recruited the governor of Montana to give some authority to these accounts.
Republicans are also pointing to stories in the press of felons being allowed to vote -- mostly Democrats, as it turns out. And they're complaining about how sad it would be if the election is taken out of the hands of the people and decided by the courts. Because you know what, Republicans now realize the courts are not their friends -- Bernie.
SHAW: Bill Schneider, thanks very much.
Well, they are still handling and recounting those ballots in Palm Beach and Broward counties. And when we come back, a fact check on what happens during all recounting.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I believe everybody should have a fair vote and the right to be counted, whether it takes a revote, a recount, a hand count. Whatever it takes to get a nice silver cloud over the person who takes the office so we can all rally behind him. No matter who wins, just want to see a fair vote.
SHAW: Just what is fair is an issue for the Florida Supreme Court. Updating now, the justices will hear from both sides Monday afternoon, 2:00 p.m. Eastern time before deciding whether or not to allow the results of hand recounts in the final vote tally. Right now, the unofficial tally gives George W. Bush the lead by 930 votes. His lead tripled after overseas absentee ballots were counted. Absentee ballots are also a matter of controversy. One Democratic activist wants 4,700 thrown out in Seminole County, alleging election law violations.
Many of the skirmishes over the Florida recount are being waged in the legal arena. But they're also being fought in the court of public opinion. CNN national correspondent Martin Savidge here with a fact check on the recount spin.
SAVIDGE: Democrats in Palm Beach County went to court to have those dimples counted. Not surprisingly right after they saw a lot of them for Gore during last weekend's partial hand recount. The political spinners spin off, escorted by handlers to their next interviews. Emerging from under the lens of a microscope only to exchange it for another one, the lens of a television camera.
Martin Savidge, CNN, West Palm Beach, Florida.
SHAW: And next here, the view from the outside. Jeff Greenfield talking with international journalists about what's happened here with Election 2000.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We're watching how the exit polls were conducted. We're watching how quickly estimates are made, and yet these estimates can blow up in your face.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The Americans are not used to irregularities, whether it is deliberate or not. They're not used to it, so they just totally panic.
GREENFIELD: Panic? Us? Surely, our friends from abroad jest; and, surely, they do. And some are taunting and scoffing and jeering, but we'll get to that later. For now, for a look at how we're being viewed from overseas, I'm joined in Houston by Chido Nwangwu, he is founder and publisher of; and Richard Wolffe, he's the correspondent for the "Financial Times" of London.
Mr. Nwangwu, to you first. What are you hearing from your readers, from your editors, about what there sense is about what's going on over here in the United States?
CHIDO NWANGWU, USAFRICAONLINE.COM: Curiosity, some instructive lessons. They are those who also wonder if gold could rust, what will iron do? If we are going to have the kind of complications in the election -- the electoral process in Florida, imagine what will happen in a place like Lesoto, or even in Nigeria.
And there are those who also, rightfully so, underline the importance of the patience, fulfilling of the rule of law here rather than having military personnel or a team of soldiers or ethnic warriors take over the country because their own man or woman did not win the elections. Americans have decided to follow, if you will, a systematic -- in some sense, a psychological tasking process of counting the votes and trying to arrive at the winner of the elections. GREENFIELD: Mr. Wolffe,, let's put some cards on the table. Is there a sense across the pond -- a certain sense of, I don't know, satisfaction that this mighty super power, with all of its nuclear weapons and its dot-com companies and its McDonald's is in this -- is admired in this? A chuckle or two, perhaps?
RICHARD WOLFFE, "FINANCIAL TIMES": I think that's partly the case; but you have to remember that there's really a love hate relationship with America around the world, particularly in Europe. From what we've seen initially was a huge amount of excitement and astonishment at the closeness of the election followed but, yes, a sense of mockery, a disdain for the process and for the candidates themselves.
On the more serious side, papers such as mine have been reporting really quite serious concerns among government officials not just in Europe, but across the world that whoever wins this election may be so weakened by it -- faced, in particular, with a divided Congress, that the world will react strongly whether it's in trade disputes, in military conflict or in a financial crisis. So I think, actually, tinged with that sense of mockery there is actually some pretty serious concerns that the world's only super power might become weakened by this whole thing.
GREENFIELD: Mr. Nwangwu, what about that sense among your readers? Any sense that there is a certain amount of instability in here in the United States that could be bad news for the rest of the world?
NWANGWU: Not necessarily. It is more a concern of the manner of a presidency that will emerge after the votes are counted and tallied and the winner is declared.
For instance, Africans are concerned that Governor Bush of our state here in Texas stated emphatically, ill-advised, I will suggest, that Africa does not count in his area of priority. Africans are wondering, the issue in Southern Africa region, the entire African continent which, Jeff, you have reported on in the past -- the issue, for instance, of oil between the United States and Nigeria and other strategic interests underlining the interests of our two continents, will he sweep all those aside?
Will he set aside the fact that there are probably 5 million African Americans who demand, rightfully so, that their heritage, the African continent be put within the metrics of the definition of Africa's and America's international economic relationships. And as Bill Clinton rightly stated -- I was in Johannesburg when he visited there in 1998 -- that Africa has the highest return on investment in terms of business: 32 percent. How important is that for, if you will, the United States and Africa Growth and Opportunity Act?
So that is a major area of concern for our people.
GREENFIELD: OK, we're going to take a break and we'll be back with our guests in just a minute. Stay with us please.
SHAW: Chido Nwangwu and Richard Wolffe, I heard you express concerns for what's happening overseas here in the United States, but I want to ask you, starting with you, Mr. Wolffe, is there also envy and admiration for the way Americans are doggedly plowing through this election process?
WOLFFE: I think in some parts, but there's a lot of confusion, frankly, about the complexity of this story, particularly when we entered the legal wranglings of this week. There's not too much admiration when lawyers start crawling all over an election. I don't even sense there's much admiration in America for what's happened to the election this week.
So I think some of the parts of it, the kind of meticulous process that we've seen about vote counting is quite admirable, but in large part, there's just a huge amount of complexity and confusion. Look at what's happened -- ignore Florida for one minute.
Look at what's happened in New Mexico. One minute people hear reports about it being a Bush victory by a handful of votes, the next there are votes that have been put in the wrong column, and I think there's more a sense of confusion and bemusement, amazement, that such a thing could happen in America.
SHAW: And briefly, Mr. Nwangwu.
NWANGWU: I do not think that our readers, Africans, are bothered so much by the legal nuances, the (UNINTELLIGIBLE) by the spin doctors and media artists or the politicians. Africans are, rather, defining the issues in terms of this system has the elasticity, a functional latitude that is able to deal with all the pressures without having, for instance, Texas Rangers move down to Florida and possibly count away some of the Gore forces or even other persons who oppose that the vice president becoming the leader. You know, it's a lot more defined in terms of the goal rather than the nuance of the system.
GREENFIELD: Mr. Wolffe, just briefly. You've got a system where the guy, when his party wins, he moves into 10 Downing Street in two days. How hard has it been for you to explain to your readers the Electoral College, the 12th Amendment, the various vagaries of the system that even we are somehow confused about? You must be having a heck of a time with this.
WOLFFE: We are having a heck of a time. We have a lot of readers in America as well. And I think we have to explain it to them as well. And the truth is, that the great impact of this story apart from who's going to be president, is that it's perhaps disabused people around the world. The president is somehow the cold warrior -- a man with a finger on the button who can do anything and is all- powerful.
What we're seeing here is more understanding, a greater understanding that the presidency and the federal government power is shared. There's a huge amount of state control over this election and, you know, the president may be not the powerful man the rest of the world thinks he is.
GREENFIELD: OK, gentlemen, I thank you very much for joining us and you know, when we figure this out, we'll try to let you and our viewers and readers know. Thanks to you both -- Bernie
SHAW: Well, next, Jeanne Moos. Yes, she pokes some fun into the debate over holes.
SHAW: In this election, so much is being made of so little. Those little holes that were or were not punched in those ballots. This prompted an investigation by our own Jeanne Moos. And leave it to her to "Make the Moost" of what she found.
JEANNE MOOS, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): For days on end, you've watched the story. Now we bring you the hole story.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: This is a beautiful one.
MOOS: From Swiss cheese to tunnels, from funnels to colanders, other guys may appreciate a hole in one, but Achille Varzi is one with holes.
ACHILLE VARZI, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY: This is a prototypical hole. This one. Is this one single split hole or is it two holes? In this case the shape seems to matter a lot.
MOOS: Professor Varzi teaches philosophy at Columbia and he's co-authored a book about holes called "Holes and Other Superficialities." Note the cover.
VARZI: This is a book that comes with it's own subject matter, some samples of what it is about.
MOOS: Imagine Professor Varzi's reaction when ballot counters checking holes ended up being front-page news. The humble hole's not so humble anymore.
VARZI: All of a sudden we realized that the destiny of the United States, if not the destiny of the entire world, depends on our criteria for counting holes.
MOOS (on camera): Down in Florida, they call this the sunshine test, though generally it's performed on ballots, not Swiss cheese.
VARZI: Is this one hole or two, right? Are they two holes that merged?
MOOS (voice-over): After an hour with Professor Varzi, you may never suck a lifesaver.
VARZI: The hole goes out of existence. VARZI: Or munch on a doughnut without pondering the metaphysics of holes. This is a philosopher who finds meaning in Munchkins, the so-called doughnut hole treat.
VARZI: These are the parts that have been removed from the doughnut before it became a doughnut. Now, of course, this is not the hole. The hole is what's not there anymore.
MOOS: But doughnuts pale compare to ballots.
JUDY WOODRUFF, CNN ANCHOR: That have yet to be counted in the state as a whole.
MOOS: Did she say hole?
VARZI: And then of course we have the crucial one -- is this a hole or not?
MOOS: Maybe all the talk of hanging chad has your eyes as glazed as doughnuts.
VARZI: Would this be a doughnut with the hole filled?
MOOS: Chad, at least, has fewer calories. Remember how George W. got in trouble referring to a hole?
BUSH: He's a major league asshole.
MOOS: At least the hole is something the American public can get behind wholeheartedly.
VARZI: Half a hole or a whole hole?
MOOS: Jeanne Moos, CNN, New York.
SHAW: I'm not saying a word. That's all the time we have for this special report. One hour from now, Andria Hall brings you up to date on the Florida recount in another special report. And tomorrow, it's "LATE EDITION" doubled with Wolf Blitzer. I'm Bernard Shaw in Washington. "LARRY KING LIVE" is next.
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topic For sure it should be in Backup Exec For sure it should be supported given that BE even has the "hot-add" option.<BR /> Hot-Add is something that you use when your proxy is inside a VM.<BR /> Sun, 29 Mar 2009 17:41:01 GMT ricdanger 2009-03-29T17:41:01Z Backup Exec media server in a VMware virtual machine itself Hi!<BR /> I have read a lot about backing up virtual machines with Backup Exec and AVVI. But I am curious about a possibility to run Backup exec media server itself in a VMware virtual machine. Is it supported. In Software compatibility list it is written that it has to be run in Windows enviroment. But it is not clarified there, whether this environment should be virtual or real. Do you have any real experience of running BE itself in virtual machine? Is it supported?<BR /> <BR /> Regards!<BR /> Tue, 24 Mar 2009 18:59:34 GMT Anatol 2009-03-24T18:59:34Z For sure it should be For sure it should be supported given that BE even has the "hot-add" option.<BR /> Hot-Add is something that you use when your proxy is inside a VM.<BR /> Sun, 29 Mar 2009 17:41:01 GMT ricdanger 2009-03-29T17:41:01Z In a general sense, BE is not In a general sense, BE is not supported in a virtual environment. I have to ask even as to why you want to do this? Not dismising you, just that I have yet to hear a valid technical reason to do so.<BR /> <BR /> Backup applications are some of the few types of apps that run on dedicated hardware and are not virtualized due to hardware support(tape support, VTL, etc), heavy I/O needs, and more...<BR /> <BR /> That said, a dedicated server running BE, you can install VCB on this same box, and go to town with AVVI setup and configured. <BR /> <BR /> <BR type="_moz" /> Mon, 30 Mar 2009 23:06:18 GMT teiva-boy 2009-03-30T23:06:18Z I would only suggest running I would only suggest running BE in a VM for testing. It does work in VM's, I currently run a few different instances of BE in VMWare Server(free version) and ESX with no issues.<BR /> <BR /> Also, this statement: "In a general sense, BE is not supported in a virtual environment." is not true. We will support BE in a virtual environment. Just be aware that if something on the hardware/os level of either the VM or the host is not working correctly it will cause issue for BE.<BR /> Tue, 31 Mar 2009 17:30:20 GMT Ben_L_ 2009-03-31T17:30:20Z You can run BE in a VM You can run BE in a VM environment, but be aware that if your BE VM guest uses the same disk spindles as the other machines you are backing up, you performance will be greatly reduced. Wed, 06 May 2009 22:15:35 GMT bjash 2009-05-06T22:15:35Z Well I too run run BE in Well I too run run BE in VMware, for testing only.<BR /> <BR /> I know that ESX has a SCSI pass-through so it could work. But it would seem that it's either not reliable, or a good how-to guide hasn't been made to detail how to do this. The VMware forums talk about it a lot.<BR /> <BR /> But at the same time I know someone that bought three identical servers, and tape drives. all were setup the same with the same software... And one of the three refused to work with the SCSI pass through. Thu, 07 May 2009 05:49:53 GMT teiva-boy 2009-05-07T05:49:53Z I can vouch for that. I had I can vouch for that. I had a VMWare-support SAS controller installed into an ESX host and it didn't handle the passthrough correctly. Everything was supported, but we ended up offing the backups to a standalone servers because it was easier to work with than having to bring down the entire ESX host when we wanted to move the SAS card around.<BR /> Thu, 07 May 2009 11:51:27 GMT bjash 2009-05-07T11:51:27Z So I should be able to run a So I should be able to run a Dell (LSI) SAS 5/e (not PERC, not RAID, just SAS) controller, connected to an IBM SAS autoloader in a VM connected to the physical ESX host without an issue? <BR /> <BR /> So far I've been able to get as far as:<BR /> <BR /> * ESX saying the SAS 5e is supported<BR /> * Saying the tape should work<BR /> * Confirming that the SAS card and Drive/Library are seen in ESX<BR /> * Adding the Tape and Media LUN's to the VM (1:0 and 1:1) which auto-added a LSI SCSI controller<BR /> * Booted into the Windows VM, and it automatically found the IBM drive and added the driver<BR /> * Backup Exec v12.5 sees the drive and library<BR /> <BR /> But I can't seem to change tapes, inventory, scan, rename, or write to the tapes. I think I'm close, but need to be closer :cathappy:</img> Fri, 31 Jul 2009 00:14:38 GMT Avram_Woroch_2 2009-07-31T00:14:38Z Probably not. If it's a Probably not. If it's a single server, no issues. You'll connect up your autoloader to your ESX server (physical), and present it to the VM, then add the device/drivers etc.<BR /> If you're running Vmotion, it won't work at all. It would Vmotion the VM server, but the hardware would be physically connected to 1 server, meaning it wouldn't carry across the hardware. You MIGHT get away with running 2 SCSI cables (1 to Server1, 1 to Server2), but I haven't done this (we have a SAN, but still use a physical server), and you'd have to test this.<BR /> Your issue currently looks like it's the way it is presented to the VM, so check that out, and also make sure you're using Symantec's drivers instead of Dell's. Fri, 31 Jul 2009 06:24:27 GMT CraigV 2009-07-31T06:24:27Z Mediaserver in VM actual this is supported, and you can do it.<BR /> <BR /> BUT:<BR /> <BR /> You will have bad performance<BR /> SCSI pass-through does not work very good (many problems / not recommended)<BR /> You are not able to attach storage devices directly (e.g. tape library)<BR /> You could use it with a VTL connected, which workes pretty fine.<BR /> <BR /> I know that, because we had a customer asking for it, why I checked back with symantec presales cons.<BR /> I would not recommend to use this in a productive environment (because of performance), but for testing it is very good.<BR /> <BR /> best regards<BR /> <BR /> Dominik<BR /> Fri, 31 Jul 2009 15:18:23 GMT DominikG 2009-07-31T15:18:23Z Well at this point we're not Well at this point we're not worried about VMotion, etc, we can deal with that later. I've come into this project late in the game, but the situation is this:<BR /> <BR /> * ESX Host has a VM that connects to a 16TB iSCSI box for a single volume (wether that be multiple 2TB volumes striped together, etc, doesn't matter much). <BR /> * The VM of course, needs to be backed up.<BR /> * We did get a Dell TL4000 4 head LTO4 tape auto loader which appears would do it just fine. This has 4 SAS drives, 2 each connected to a SAS/iSCSI bridge. The two iSCSI bridges each have 2 GigE iSCSI connections. So all seems good. Except the SAS/iSCSI bridge is limited to ~90MB/sec *per bridge* - not per iSCSI line nor per SAS line. So 2 bridges, 180MB/sec total, 10,800MB/minute or 648,000MB/hr = 25 hr to back up. Apparently we need it to be faster, so I'm told to try making the TL4000 connected directly to the ESX host with 2 2 port Dell(LSI) SAS 5/e controllers. <BR /> <BR /> VMware worked with me, and indicated it looks like everything I'm doing is right in terms of adding the controller, tape and library devices to the VM, the VM can see the devices, just seems to be having no real luck 'using' them. I can see the tapes loaded in the drives, but can't change the tapes, can't quick erase, relable, write data to, etc. <BR /> <BR /> Personally, I'd like to see it done via iSCSI and just accept the performance as is and accomodate for it. <BR /> <BR /> I'd love to find some indication as to the problems and poor real-world performance of this type of setup. It would go far towards me bringing that up as an "against" for the proposal. Fri, 31 Jul 2009 15:34:22 GMT Avram_Woroch_2 2009-07-31T15:34:22Z Re: Backup Exec media server in a VMware virtual machine itself <P>I'm thinking about using a virtual machine, since our media server is getting old and we use a Data Domain appliance and DDBoost to do the backups anyway. That means that all of the storage is attached via 10Gb Ethernet anyway (though our Data Domain only has 1Gb), and most of the traffic goes between the backup target and the Data Domain or between our in-house Data Domain and hosted Data Domain, rather than through the media server. When major traffic does through the media server, it's because of server-side deduplication via DDBoost with SAN transport. I was actually wondering if there is a virtual appliance out there at this point (perhaps on Linux)? I guess not, since there are still discussions about supporting a virtual media server.</P> Thu, 11 May 2017 19:17:06 GMT jelutz 2017-05-11T19:17:06Z
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Circuit Scribe Conductive Ink Pen
SKU 1780
This is a rollerball pen that writes with conductive silver ink. It makes creating circuits as easy as doodling.
You can use a Circuit Scribe pen to draw lines on any simple piece of paper, then attach special electrical components (Circuit Scribe modules) on the drawn lines which allow the electrical current to run through the components. This replaces the use of breadboards and wires.
Use it on any surface a rollerball pen will write on. The Circuit Scribe pen can draw 60-200 meters depending on writing surface and speed. 60 meters is seen on absorbent surfaces similar to a napkin, and 200+ meters on photo paper. Photo paper also has other benefits: you can erase ink by scratching a trace away, and you also get the highest conductivity on this surface (<2 ohms/cm). Soldering to the ink is possible - but tricky - and greatly depends on paper/surface type and solder type.
Each Circuit Scribe pen is hand filled with a water-based, non-toxic, silver ink. The ink lasts approximately 196-260 feet worth of lines before running dry. The lifetime of the trace lines is still being determined; however, trace lines drawn three years ago still function according to Eletroniks Incorporated.
What's the conductivity of Circuit Scribe?
0.5 to 10 Ohms per cm, but depends on the type of surface you are writing on. We see about 3 ohms per cm on standard copy paper, and 0.5 ohms per cm on photopaper. The best paper type is Epson Ultra Premium Luster Photo paper which allows Circuit Scribe to dry very quickly, has the highest conductivity AND allows traces to be eraseable.
What's the difference between Circuit Scribe and a #2 Pencil?
Circuit Scribe is a LOT more conductive! You couldn't get enough power through graphite traces to power a Bi-LED or a motor. We've measured the resistance of pencil traces at 5 - 8 megaohms with a single pass, and 30-60 kiloohms with lots of pressing down and scribbling.
My pen doesn't look full, looks like it leaked, or just looks strange.
The conductive ink pen is very special as it contains around 20% pure silver and thus behaves very differently than a typical rollerball pen. The heavy silver particles tend to settle to the bottom of the pen after sitting for more than 24 hours, but will easily redisperse when shaken lightly, used for a few minutes, or simply carried in your pocket.
It is very common for there to look as though the ink level is only 1/5 full when settled, but the pens are shipped with 1.0 ml of ink. The indicator for the ink level is a white ball that starts just before the first "e" in electroninks. The clear matrix fluid is nearly index matched to the plastic so it may look like there is simply air in the pen instead of fluid.
If you have any doubt about the ink level, settling or state of the pen please send us a photo to and we will happily diagnose the problem.
What's the shelf life look like?
An unopened pen has a shelf life of about a year. Once it's opened the pen will write smooth for at least 6 months, after that it may dry out a bit, but you can wet the tip of the pen to get the ink flowing again.
How long are the traces conductive for?
We drew traces three years ago that still work today.
How much can I draw with a pen?
You can draw 60 to 80 meters (196 to 260 feet) of traces with a single pen.
Do you sell refills?
Nope, not right now! The cost of manufacturing a pen is mostly the conductive ink, so the plastic bodies are essentially disposable. We're planning on releasing our ink in different forms for consumers - markers, bottles - in the far future.
What paper can I use? Can I write on?
Circuit Scribe will write on anything that your everyday rollerball pen will. Regular printer paper, construction paper, cardstock, and photo paper all work - but have fun experiment with different mediums! For functional use, photo paper performs the best because the ink is able to form a continuous film on the smooth surface.
What's the maximum current?
The ink can support a maximum current of about 175 mA on standard copy paper. Higher currents cause joule heating and a subsequent drop in resistance due to sintering the particles (up to around 8x decrease in resistance if controlled). Currents exceeding 400 mA may break the trace on standard copy paper. High currents can be achieved with photo paper, near 800 mA.
What's the maximum voltage?
The maximum voltage depends on the distance of your ground and high voltage (HV) trace. You should also consider the distance the magnetic backing is to the paper (i.e. keep it well-insulated with multiple sheets of paper). We do not recommend using high voltages (above 36V) due to safety.
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Gaia Health
Aluminum in Vaccines Is an Autism Trigger: New Study
November 16, 2012 by admin in Vaccines with 461 Comments
Autism is a perfect storm of genetics triggered by vaccine toxins. However, blaming the genes is like blaming a dry field for causing a fire. In autism, the spark that triggers the conflagration is usually aluminum in vaccines.
Crime Scene with syringes and US flagby Heidi Stevenson
The debates about autism’s cause may be coming to an end. A new study cleverly uses statistical analyses on the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. It leaves little doubt that the primary issue is aluminum adjuvants in vaccines, with effects of acetaminophen (known as paracetamol in Europe), vaccine mercury, live attenuated vaccine microbes, and genetic susceptibility as linked factors.
Autism is a perfect storm of genetics triggered by vaccine toxins.
Study Overview
The study, “Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure”1, finds and sorts out the interrelationships of the long suspected and debated factors of autism’s cause.
They found that a particular genetic inclination, an inability to detoxify some metals and other substances, is required, but that alone is not enough to trigger the condition.
Mercury alone, or in conjunction with aluminum adjuvanted vaccines, was likely a factor in many cases. However, there was an ongoing increase in the autism rate after most mercury was removed from children’s vaccines. That has often been used against people who advocate for vaccine choice, but it’s well explained by this study’s authors, Seneff, Davidson, and Liu.
A strong association of the MMR vaccine with autism and adverse events is both documented and explained.
The use of acetaminophen to reduce fever and inflammation caused by vaccines is shown to be a likely causative factor in autism.
However, the single most significant factor in causing autism is probably aluminum adjuvants. They may be a background cause in cases where mercury, MMR, or acetaminophen are the more immediate triggers.
Statistical Study of VAERS
Since the study relies on statistics, the first complaint will likely be that there are lies, damned lies, and statistics. While that’s true when the intent is to obscure, this study’s purpose is to elucidate. Furthermore, they assure accuracy by calculating and taking strong note of p-values, which are a means of determining the likelihood of achieving results by chance.
Over and over, their p-values are astoundingly low, meaning that the odds of getting the same results by chance are minuscule. Taken individually, that would tend to be very strong evidence of the study’s validity. Taken as a whole, these p-values are indicative of results that simply cannot be ignored—that do, in fact, indicate a near-perfect demonstration that aluminum is associated with autism and may trigger it.
Symptoms in Autism & Nonautism VAERS Groups
Symptoms in Autism-Nonautism Groups
Table 1. Symptoms in Autism & Nonautism Groups
C1 = Autism in report. C2 = No autism in report.
The authors found every VAERS report in which the word “autism” or “autistic” showed up. That came to 1,734 records (C1). They then took a random sample from the rest of the reports (approximately 340,000), exactly matching the ages with those of the C1 autism group, for a second group of records (C2).
They then did searches in these two groups of records for words that would likely be associated with autism. The first results are produced in Table 1. Quite clearly, you can see that there is a very close correlation between autism-related symptoms in reports of autism (column C1) and there are very few autism-related symptoms in nonautism VAERS reports. This, though, is just the beginning of the study—an indication that they’re on the right track.
MMR, Hep-B, & HiB
MMR, Hep-B, HiB Titer Reports
Table 2. MMR, Hep-B, HiB Titer Reports
Totals over 100% because several vaccinations are often administered.
Using a similar technique but instead searching for the vaccines associated with the reports, they found that VAERS reported 2.67 times more autism-associated cases than non-autism cases after the MMR. There were nearly double the number of VAERS reports associated with autism after Hep-B and HiB vaccines.
Currently, the MMR vaccine contains neither mercury nor aluminum. It does, however, utilize a live attenuated antigen. This results in fever, which is typically treated with acetaminophen. Studies have shown that children with autism are less capable of metabolizing acetaminophen.
The authors point out a major anomaly* in the disgraced Thorsen Denmark study that purports to disprove any connection between vaccines and autism. Large dose of vaccines are given shortly after 15 months. It would, therefore, be expected that the autism rate before 15 months would be noted to see if these vaccines are a trigger. However, Thorsen’s study lumped all autism cases into one age range, birth to 3 years.
*Gaia Health would be more inclined to refer to this as fraud, a clear attempt to cover up important data.
Why does this matter? Highly toxic aluminum is included in several vaccines given before 15 months, including Hep-B, Prevnar, and DTaP vaccines. Also, influenza vaccines in multidose vials still include Thimerosal (mercury), and these are given before age 15 months. Therefore, a large number of children who might have developed autism before the age of 15 months would not show up as vaccine-induced in the Thorsen study!
Number of Times 'Autism' or 'Autistic' Found in VAERS Reports
Graph 1. Words Autism or Autistic Found in VAERS, Plotted by Year
Now, let’s tie all this information together—the acetaminophen sensitivity in children with autism combined with the prevalence of both mercury- and aluminum-containing vaccines given to young children. Graph 1 shows the number of children with autism in VAERS, reported by year.
Notice that when mercury was first phased out of most vaccines in 1999, the rate of reported autism did, indeed, drop. However, the autism reports quickly increased in less than five years, until it was even higher than before. This is generally used to suggest that there’s no connection between autism and either the MMR vaccine or mercury. However, closer inspection demonstrates exactly the opposite.
Another change took place while mercury was being phased out of most vaccines. The aluminum load was increased—phased in as mercury was phased out!
Was this intentionally duplicitous, an attempt to give the impression that mercury couldn’t have induced autism? I’ll leave that up to the reader.
Table 2 reveals that children who were already sensitized by aluminum from earlier vaccines are far more likely to suffer adverse effects from the MMR vaccine, even though it doesn’t contain either mercury or aluminum. It does, though, result in fever—and fever is routinely treated with acetaminophen, a neurotoxin that children with a genetic predisposition to autism are unable to adequately detox. They are, therefore, more likely to suffer from acetaminophen-induced neurological symptoms, including autism.
Table 2 also reveals that the Hep-B vaccine, which is given at birth and two more times by six months of age, is almost twice as likely to result in VAERS reports of autism-like symptoms. It contains aluminum. Further, the HiB vaccine, which is routinely given in conjunction with several other vaccines, includes aluminum and also results in autism-like symptoms.
It is likely that children who have not yet been put over the edge into full-fledged autism may be pushed there by the use of acetaminophen to reduce fever from a strong inflammatory reaction to the MMR vaccine.
VAERS Reports Related to Aluminum Adjuvant
Table 3 addresses two issues: timing of reports (before or after 2000, when removal of mercury began) and whether the reported adverse effect related to a vaccine containing aluminum.
A search was done to find serious adverse effects between 1990 & 2000 (“C1 Before 2000″) and another on an age-matched group to find the same symptoms between 2000 & 2010 (“C2 After 2000″). You can quickly see by the enormously increased rate of reports that something happened after 2000 to resultin significantly more adverse reactions. Notice also the extremely low p-values, indicating that these results are significant virtually to the point of absolute assurance.
Seizures became 5½ time more common. There were 2⅔ times more deaths. Clearly, something was happening.
Table of Aluminum by Time
Table 3. Adverse Reactions Pre- and Post-2000 & With or Without Aluminum Adjuvant in Vaccine
C1 w/ Al+3 = with Aluminum Adjuvant. C1 w/o Al+3 = without Aluminum Adjuvant.
Each of these symptoms was then checked according to whether the aluminum adjuvant was in the vaccine being reported. The results are, again, highly significant. Almost 3 times as many seizures could be directly associated with aluminum adjuvants and almost 1⅔ times more deaths were associated with them.
Adverse Events Associated with Aluminum in Vaccines
Graph 2. Adverse Events Associated with Aluminum in Vaccines
The graph to the left shows the total number of adverse events associated with aluminum-containing vaccines for the years 1990-2010. The sudden drop-off starting in 2003 is likely associated with a workshop held to find ways to reduce aluminum in vaccines.
However, the sharp upward swing from 2009 to 2010 is very worrisome. The fact is that new vaccines are being added to the schedule inflicted on our children.
The Power of Numbers
The study did other analyses that further clarify associations and effects of:
• Aluminum adjuvants
• Mercury in thimerosal
• Live attenuated viruses in vaccinations – specifically the MMR vaccine
• Acetaminophen
• Genetic inclination
All of these are shown to be factors in the ongoing epidemic of autism, with a genetic distinction required, but alone not enough to trigger it. The primary trigger is aluminum in vaccine adjuvants, possibly aggravated by aluminum from other sources, such as the glass containers that hold vaccines. Mercury and acetaminophen may be enough on their own to trigger autism, but there can be little doubt that they also operate in an unholy partnership with aluminum.
How they all conspire is discussed in Aluminum Adjuvant Blasts Genetics to Create Autism, coming up shortly.
1. Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure, Stephanie Seneff, Robert M. Davidson, and Jingjing Liu. entropy, doi:10.3390/e14112227d
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dclm_baseline
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PURSUANT to the provisions of a deed of trust, executed by the undersigned Trustees of the Washington Building Association, by Wm. H. Plunkett, Trustee of Mary C. Plunkett and the said Mary C. Plunkett, on the 47th day of September, 1885, we will sell at Public Auction, on the premises, on FRIDAY, the 24th day of July next, at 4 o'clock, P.M. HOUSE and LOT in said deed mentioned, it being the sum which said Plunkett now resides, near the Presbyterian Church Yard. Tenements made known on the day of Sale. ALFRED M. WOOD, Trustee. By O. R. PHELPS, Auctioneer. Pianos at Auction. ON FRIDAY, the 24th day of July, at 10 o'clock, A.M., at the auction house, three splendidly constructed PIANOS, made by K. Cabler, New York, with entire iron frames, and over strong bass. This Pianos are direct from the manufacturers, and are in excellent condition and finished every week. They will be open for exhibition in my Auction House in Washington. Auction I- A N D FOR SALE AJ ILL by J U) Ibe high bidder, upon credit, FT two and five, years old, that W. KNOWN THOMAS, LAND, DOUGLAS, and the estate of Win. Shaffer, deceased. This land is adapted to the growth of all the productions of but more especially to that of Tobacco, and Wheat. It is in a high state of improvement, and will yield a rich return the labor bestowed upon it. It contains 867 ACRES, 100 timber, has on it: and other necessary Out Houses, and is abundantly supplied with water. adjoining Dams, entailing a large area. A 4 JAMES NEARLY ALL IN LUMBER. It lies well and is in good condition. It is situated on the Lyttleburg and Lebanon Railroad. ANOTHER TRACT about 3 miles from Rent Creek. ing about 6:36 ACRES, and lies immediately on the road leading from Rent Creek in Oakville, and known as the "Crick Tract." This tract is beautifully situated, and has a good dwelling house, good orchard, etc. The first write tract will be sold upon the terms above stated. Purchaser giving bond with security, and the time will be paid till all the purchase money is paid. The latter will be sold. Be sold upon a credit of 14 and 1-m. with security and title as above. Land will take place on THURSDAY NEXT, at the office of Shearer, deceased. The Nile will commence at 11 o'clock A.M. Persons wishing to purchase will please examine the above before the sale. WM. N. A. J. C. SHEAR, Ex'rs. To the Admirers of the Star Star. f f«*ik 111* Agcnu or itpet lM*nd F* lor*.» I : «F of «iper)ur CaiwUiier., SImI Mizwl, Oadel and Golikn 1 lure. Tkeae 1'aseltm ra are beamilat and < leganl, ntiJ » lord those an opportunity to equlpl UmuiscIvcs In a 1 suit of Mputhern Manufacture. Also a lot or Jeans and Kenya for Servant*, flmm t!i< r*Vto^' 6kB hnd set them. N. UL'GUENHElMEK. ____ \M Matu sire* Wli.IrS, OOLHC>tTN & CO., (OPPOSITE EXCII.VJIOE BANK) ABBinUiriy ebgkipt of^tJ?ib kwHh®’?tix k • siffih hardware BE I,VO the lareeet tmdeer!;,inly the m fatly acice cd «'*r 'JL' their pleasure lo offer to the public: \.**cka, Bolts, Hinges, t*crwws, Ginas, Putty, tel lows, Eug. A util* aw4 Vices, IJOrse Shoes, j i;*>rae-bkiK3 N'aili, Screw rlftvs, Drills, Rasps kft*> • • c*» Y** 1||P hod Hugg) Trimming*. AplraRural »na F rralng Articles, cabinet Makers’ MfUtcriam. 5 FsddlcFk and Harness-Maker’s Malei lals, Slioe-Maker’s Eluding*. Kb-r Oil Cl„lb. kutiVt. tn l.erida. Krvr. TaMe Ull ClutM, WlBdu«/8had.a Gill Cornk«. Hna, ttuda, tut, I uiry liandte K,lvn».hi aea of 81 ‘‘ “ Bilk otvIUiwat lurk', si£?i ^ery Varietv' W,,.lewhfaim>, Be,leer.and Mnpidrn KNIFE?, 6< i«wra, Jbaaur*, Bowie Kulvct £<■., Klehhi *M BpnrtfMf Tmekie, Gdtu, Killer I'irtid*. *r • PHiSe? SKOOTINU B1FI.E8, , „ ... And maty other arth lee net enumernteilhere, nllef »ld*“ l.e eold wrw non «/.hh. or tk MncluM 'curtmner. on fbe * credit. W ILLS, GOLHOO* * Cl\: ma l l| ^ W M*ln ?r^t’ 'y SOmffiRN VHItrCCLTHWC I1BPLEM tfr rnUK ^^P COMM1'1'1. X orraciLUINU adyaaebl lo Ke Piedmont Hwwe. »i, Ihe Phanli FouoAry, l.^t^arerl ^winnnaraclur. all li"1' AO«WDLTUitAL IMPLEMENT^ gV TmIi iM Msefetorrv. H.elnrtmen awarded the HIST PKJCjkflfM Al It* I»*** F*. Of the International Agricultural and Mechanical Society for her home, her home, and from the farm, that the work will give entire satisfaction. Midway, and the like are the themes we prefer to buy articles of Benton's Machine, under a professional guarantee. R. H. SHEPHERD & CO.; (February 1st, 1878). HAIR STITCH —Harmless, Bachelor's Phalom, Mathews' at the Wood, and Mrs. Allen's Hair Tonic, and I era—For sale by J. A. THOMPSON, Drugist.
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common_corpus
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{'identifier': 'sn85034360_1860-07-12_1_2_2', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1860.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '781', 'token_count': '1497', '__index_level_0__': '24153', 'original_id': '6ea45487fc71a2ea277cec3b1bcab50abdec8d55a340715fa986531107b76c53'}
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Q:
React's getDOMNode always return component's root DOM node instead of reffed one
I am struggling to use refs in React. They always return root DOM node of the component instead of reffed one.
Please consider the following example:
var AuthApp = React.createClass({
onSubmitClick: function(event) {
var usernameInput = this.getDOMNode(this.refs.username);
// This logs root <div> instead of <input>, why???
console.log(usernameInput);
},
render: function() {
return (
<div>
<input type="text" ref="username"/>
<input type="password" ref="password"/>
<input type="submit" onClick={this.onSubmitClick} />
</div>
);
}
});
I've inspected the code in excellent Chrome React addon, and it seems that this.refs.username properly reflects <input> tag:
Something wrong happens when I call this.getDOMNode - it returns root <div> specified in render() instead of <input>.
This code comes from React 0.12, but I've tried to do the same on 0.13 (I am aware of change to React.findDOMNode()) and I get the same result.
What am I doing wrong?
A:
You should be using
var usernameInput = React.findDOMNode(this.refs.username);
to get a reference to the component's DOM node using refs.
The getDOMNode method has been deprecated
getDOMNode is deprecated and has been replaced with
React.findDOMNode().
A:
You should use this.refs['username'].getDOMNode(). But maybe in newer versions of React you better use React.findDOMNode, as adeneo adviced.
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mini_pile
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{'original_id': '93405d26b1c97d44cc2cef1d7e3e17183ccff37b074107162f44cec2c78c3463'}
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Jean M Twenge
Buy on Amazon
Highly Recommend
The biggest takeaway I got from this is that iGen’ers are growing up slower in almost every way. With increased screen time and smartphone use playing a large role, iGen’ers are getting driver’s licenses later, drinking alcohol later, having sex later, are more tolerant towards minorities, are more safe, and are much more insecure. . If you spend a decent amount of time on smartphones (IE everyone) this is a perfect meta-analysis of sorts of the early research on smartphone use.
“In short, iGen teens are less likely to take part in every single face-to-face social activity measured across four data sets of three different age groups.” This includes everything from activities with no real aim like cruising in a car to activities with a goal like going to a movie with friends.
“8th graders who spend 10+ hours on social media are 56% more likely to be unhappy.” She also shows a graph that Sports/Exercise, Religious Services, Print Media and In-person Social Interaction all increase happiness (in that order) and Internet, Social Networking Website and Texting all decreased happiness in the same age group.
Suicide rates are soaring. “46% more teens killed themselves in 2015 than in 2007.” “In 2011, teen suicide was rate was higher than the homicide rate, first time in 24 years”
Individualism was a trend in Millennials that is continuing and growing in iGens.
Loneliness and dissatisfaction are increasing. 12th graders who were satisfied with their life plummeted from~73% in 2012 to ~63% in 2015. In the same manner, the number of people who felt left out has drastically grown from 2009 to 2015, from ~24% of 8th, 10th and 12th graders to ~33%. Similar results with “Can’t do anything right,” “My life is not useful,” and “Do not enjoy life.” This is bad in both genders, but worse in females.
A theory: (1) more screen time has led directly to more unhappiness and depression, (2) more screen time has led to less in-person social interactions, which then led to unhappiness and depression, (3) more screen time has led to less print media use, leading to unhappiness and depression.
Another theory: they are unprepared for life due to their lack of independence. Students were asked if parents “supervised my every move,” “stepped in to solve problems for me,” and “didn’t let me figure things out independently.” Those who reported that their parents did these things (called “Helicopter Parents”) had lower psychological well-being scores and also were more likely to develop symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Either way, increased screen time and reduced independence has not been good for the mental health of teens.
Time spent on homework, outside activities (sports, clubs, etc) and TV have remained constant. Print media and sleep have decreased. Screen time on phones has increased a ton.
Religion: half of 13-to-17-year-olds want to pursue a science-related career, yet only 1% of youth pastors say they have addressed any subject related to science in the last year. Religion has to adapt to include science if it wants to survive.
According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, 56% of Americans believe that the decline in religion is a bad thing, while only 12% believe it’s a good thing.
Rape has been reduced by over 50% since 1997 (9.2 per 1,000 in 1997 to 4.4 per 1,000 in 2013).
Safety has increased a ton. Risk taking has also plummeted since ~2008.
iGens increasingly believe that they need safe spaces. They want to be safe from everything, including any idea that disagrees with their own.
School’s focuses have shifted. It is now on student’s emotional state rather than on intellectual development, sacrificing challenging discussions for the possibility that a student might feel upset.
“In their always online lives, words can reach out and do damage even when you’re alone.”
iGen’ers are more likely to report things to authorities rather than confronting them themselves.
“In a recent poll, 70% of adults had said they thought the world wasn’t as safe as before, despite all evidence pointing the other way. We protect students from danger, real and imaginary, and are then surprised when they go to college and create safe spaces designed to repel the real world”
“We have stopped looking at life and its deeper meaning and have instead immersed ourselves in a world where the big stuff people think about is how many likes they get on an Instagram post”
iGen’ers are much more focused on practicality, job security, and less likely to be entrepreneurial. This is very different from Millennials. A lot of this is driven by growing up during the Recession and also always having large sums of student loans.
3.6% of households headed by someone under 30 owned some part of a private company in 2013, down from 10.6% in 1989.
In 2016, 25% of non-college-educated men in their twenties hadn’t worked in the last 12 months.
The number of sexual partners has been decreasing, especially for men.
“Why risk sexually transmitted diseases, relationship arguments or having to meet up with someone when you can watch porn in the privacy of your own bedroom?”
iGen’ers are uncertain about relationships and are more likely to get married later. They cite not wanting to get hurt and explore their twenties while having fun as their main reasons.
“Better to loved and lost/then never to have loved at all” has become “its better not to have loved, because what if you lose it?”
Generational shift that could explain safe spaces: iGen’ers witnessed the harm of hateful speech but not the harm of censorship.
iGen’ers trend libertarian in their views: very individualistic.
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dclm_baseline
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dclm_baseline
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I. - Le militaire peut, sur sa demande, renoncer anonymement et sans contrepartie à une partie de ses permissions non prises au bénéfice d'un agent public civil relevant du même employeur, ou de tout autre militaire qui selon le cas : 1° Assume la charge d'un enfant âgé de moins de vingt ans atteint d'une maladie, d'un handicap ou victime d'un accident d'une particulière gravité rendant indispensables une présence soutenue et des soins contraignants ; 2° Vient en aide à une personne atteinte d'une perte d'autonomie d'une particulière gravité ou présentant un handicap, lorsque cette personne est, pour le bénéficiaire du don, l'une de celles mentionnées aux 1° à 9° de l'article L. 3142-16 du code du travail. II. - Le militaire peut, sur sa demande, renoncer anonymement et sans contrepartie à une partie de ses permissions et congés de fin de campagne non pris au bénéfice d'un agent public civil contractuel relevant du même employeur afin de lui permettre d'effectuer une période d'activité de réserve sur son temps de travail, dans le cadre d'un engagement à servir dans la réserve opérationnelle. III. - Le militaire peut, sur sa demande, renoncer anonymement et sans contrepartie à une partie de ses jours de permissions non pris au bénéfice d'un agent public civil relevant du même employeur ou de tout autre militaire à l'occasion du décès de son enfant âgé de moins de vingt-cinq ans ou du décès d'une personne âgée de moins de vingt-cinq ans à sa charge effective et permanente. IV. - L'employeur mentionné aux I, II et III du présent article s'entend : 1° Pour l'Etat de chaque département ministériel regroupant l'ensemble des services relevant d'un même secrétariat général de ministère ; 2° De chaque collectivité territoriale ; 3° De chaque établissement public quel que soit son statut juridique ; 4° De chaque autorité administrative indépendante ; 5° De toute autre personne morale de droit public ; 6° De toute personne morale de droit privé à laquelle sont rattachés des corps de fonctionnaires. Les jours de permissions qui peuvent faire l'objet d'un don sont les jours de permissions de longue durée et ceux liés aux congés de fin de campagne. Les jours de permissions ne peuvent être donnés qu'au-delà du 36e jour pour les militaires régis par l'article R. 4138-19 et du 21e jour pour ceux régis par l'article R. 4138-21. Les militaires régis par l'article R. 4138-20 ne peuvent pas donner de jours de permissions durant la première année de service. Les jours de permissions dont le report est autorisé par le deuxième alinéa de l'article R. 4138-19 et les jours de congés de fin de campagne peuvent être donnés en partie ou en totalité. Le militaire ne peut donner que des jours de permissions entiers et dûment acquis. Le militaire qui donne un ou plusieurs jours de permissions signifie par écrit, auprès du commandant de la formation administrative ou de l'autorité équivalente dont il relève, le don et le nombre de jours de permissions afférents. Le don est définitif après accord du commandant de la formation administrative ou de l'autorité équivalente qui vérifie que les conditions fixées au présent article sont remplies.
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common_corpus
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{'identifier': 'ba14be3234735da566923ef871d62d62', 'collection': 'French Open Data', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Licence ouverte', 'date': '2021.0', 'title': 'Code de la défense., article R4138-33-1', 'creator': 'LEGI', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '525', 'token_count': '700', '__index_level_0__': '43222', 'original_id': '9ced6a1f14ee8463f8ed9775cca64c9523fef4cc1ed536c2a43b4315f0546abb'}
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Islip FTZ Authority
Modern Arbitration Rules Implemented in Shanghai Foreign Trade Zone
In September 2013, the Shanghai Free Trade Zone (FTZ) was launched with the high hopes of relaxing the controls of foreign trade and investments in the Shanghai markets.
Following the launch, initiatives such as cross-border investment and non-committal transactions were registered with the FTZ as issues. As it can only be assumed, disputes of how to handle these would follow. The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) implemented some rules to help with these disputes related to the FTZ.
The rules can apply for two reasons. If both parties within an issue agree to refer the dispute to the SHIAC or if either party has decided to use the FTZ rules. FTZ rules states that conservatory measures under the law will be referred to local court if they are "property preservation measures, evidence preservation measures, or measures requiring a party to perform certain acts or prohibiting a party from performing certain acts." If there is a measure that requires immediate action, the parties can suggest an emergency tribunal. A benefit of the FTZ rules that are not included in the CIETAC rules, is that parties have more leeway to agree in advance.
This means that issues can be respectfully resolved sooner than before. The FTZ rules include a summary procedure that is determined by a single arbitrator within three months. An even faster procedure may be done if it is under the RMB100,000 value, in which case an award will be rendered within 45 days before the tribunal. The rules are made to work in a modern market where time is limited and demand is high.
One underlying, unclear statement is how high of a court the FTZ rules will hold in relation to the CIETAC rules, and how often they will be implemented and exercized under the CIETAC rules. The FTZ rules are more than accepted to help to develop and move forward with trade in Shanghai.
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VIP Price: $52.96
Regular Price: $62.30
Single Xylophone Blocks c' - c'"
15 notes available
The xylophone blocks are simple percussion instruments with a warm, yet bright and transparent tone. They are either held in the hand individually or lined up on a stand and struck with a mallet. Because they are so easy to handle and have a vibrant tone quality, they are particularly suitable for making simple music with children and in music therapy.
Please Note:
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All questions
How do I make crispy shrimp that is baked?
asked by a Whole Foods Market Customer over 5 years ago
1 answer 4639 views
8a5161fb 3215 4036 ad80 9f60a53189da buddhacat
added over 5 years ago
This is my go to recipe from http://www.imadedinner...
Preheat the oven to 375*
Step 1: remove the shell, tail, and vein from your shrimp (or cheat like me and buy them frozen!)
Step 2: Lightly coat the shrimp in flour. A large ziplock bag comes in handy here.
Step 3: Dip the floured shrimp into a mixture of 2 beaten eggs and 1/4 c. water.
Step 4: Coat the shrimp in panko bread crumbs and place (this is the important part) on a rack atop a baking sheet. This allows for air to circulate around all sides of the shrimp to make all-around crunch.
Step 5: Sprinkle the shrimp with cayenne pepper and either smoked paprika or Bacon Salt.
Step 6: Bake until crispy and cooked through, about 20 minutes. Broil a few minutes to brown them.
Step 7: DEVOUR!
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dclm_baseline
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468 F2d 170 United States v. Goliday
468 F.2d 170
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
Anderson Jeff GOLIDAY, Defendant-Appellant.
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
Julia Ann LACEFIELD, Defendant-Appellant.
Nos. 72-1445, 72-1446.
United States Court of Appeals,
Ninth Circuit.
Oct. 18, 1972.
Matthew N. Lees (argued), Benjamin F. Rayborn, John J. Cleary, of Federal Defenders of San Diego, Frederic L. Link, of Goldberg & Link, San Diego, Cal., for defendants-appellants.
James W. Meyers, Asst. U. S. Atty. (argued), Catherine A. Chandler, Stephen G. Nelson, Asst. U. S. Attys., Harry D. Steward, U. S. Atty., San Diego, Cal., for plaintiff-appellee.
Goliday and Lacefield were jointly tried and convicted, under two counts of an indictment charging them with conspiracy to import heroin (21 U.S.C. Sec. 963) and importing heroin (21 U.S.C. Secs. 952, 960 and 963). Each appeals.
In No. 72-1446, Lacefield argues that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the verdict. We have examined it carefully, and we agree.
In No. 72-1445, Goliday makes the same argument. In his case, however, we find the evidence sufficient.
Goliday argues that he was improperly cross-examined by Lacefield's counsel about his prior convictions. The cross-examination was proper.
Goliday's most serious contention is that misconduct of a juror requires a reversal. After the case had been submitted to the jury, the members were permitted to separate for the weekend. When they reassembled, one juror revealed that she had discussed the case at home. This was later reported to the trial judge, who held a hearing to determine what had happened. The government produced a number of jurors to testify. The juror in question testified that all that she did was put one hypothetical question to her son.1 The other jurors were very vague about what their fellow juror told them that she had done, but they were unanimous in testifying that it did not affect their verdict. Some said that various of the jurors criticized her for what she had done.
* * *
* * *
The government recognizes that it has a heavy burden to show that what happened did not prejudice the defendant. Remmer v. United States, 1954, 347 U.S. 227, 74 S.Ct. 450, 98 L.Ed. 654. It argues that it met that burden here. We have examined the testimony taken at the hearing and we agree.
The trial judge saw and heard the witnesses, including the juror in question. He was in a better position than we are to determine whether what happened was prejudicial.
In No. 72-1446, the judgment is reversed with directions to dismiss the charges as to Lacefield.
In No. 72-1445, the judgment is affirmed.
"A. Well, I'm a little embarrassed to say this, but not being familiar with the law, I was rather in doubt about what circumstantial evidence meant
"Q. You had been given the Court's instructions as to the law___
"A. Oh, yes.
"Q. ___Friday afternoon?
"A. Yes, this is true, this is true. However, I still had a question in my mind, and I was at home and I reiterated to my son-nothing about the case; I know that this is forbidden, and I did not say anything about the case. I said to him, 'I've been given a definition of circumstantial evidence by the Judge,' and I said, 'I'm a little bit in doubt about it.' . . .
"A. . . . I told him, 'Now Honey, I'm not supposed to talk about the case, and I'm not going to,' . . .
"And I said, 'As an example, we had been told, "If you look out your window and you see rabbit tracks across the snow, you know that a rabbit has crossed even though you haven't seen him and this is circumstantial evidence."'
"But then I said, 'Gee whiz, if you look in the bush and you see two rabbits, how do you know which one made the tracks?'
"That is the extent of what I said, and he says, 'Mom, I don't know,' . . .
"Q. Now did you discuss any other aspects of the case-of the instructions that were given to you or the facts of the case-with any other person other than the one you've related?
"A. No, absolutely not.
"Q. Did you tell your son on this occasion anything about the facts of the case as you had heard them from the witnesses who testified in the case?
"A. No, because I knew I was not supposed to. I was only interested in the circumstantial-the definition of circumstantial evidence."
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Ian Bremmer, Vladimir Putin, and the Russian media looking glass
From Foreign Policy Fri Jan 4 2013, 16:28:17
ForeignPolicy.com is getting a little more .ru traffic today, since the Russian media seems to have picked up on Ian Bremmer's list of the world's most powerful people. The Eurasia Group President's tongue-in-cheek post on the organization's FP blog, The Call lists "nobody" as the world's most powerful person -- no surprise to regular Bremmer readers -- and Russian President Vladimir Putin at no. 2. But Bremmer's write-up isn't exactly complimentary:
In Russia's personalized system, this is still the person who counts. He isn't as popular as he used to be, and his country has no Soviet-scale clout or influence, but no one on the planet has consolidated more domestic and regional power than Putin.
But in Russia's state-controlled media, an FP blogger noting that Russia's political system has no checks or balances became Foreign Policy magazine bestowing an honor on Putin. Here's the wire service ITAR-TASS:
Foreign Policy magazine names Putin as most influential politician
[view whole blog post ]
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Apr 2, 2008
NXT as GPS Receiver
I have been reading through a disassembly of the NXT firmware and ROMS, and discovered a couple of tricks that made this app possible. It turns out that it is possible to reprogram the bluetooth radio receiver to receive GPS frequencies, which allows you to implement a simple GPS position readout, even from this NXT-G program! The reception is not very strong (I had to stand outside in a large clear area), but it was able to determine basic position data for me.
Key to getting this to work, I was surprised to discover, embedded in the ROMs, there is a DOS (!) micro-kernal, which is apparently only used as a debug console for attaching a remote debugging host. However, if you can get a process running under this kernal then you have full access to all of the internal hardware registers, including the bluetooth controller, which allows you to remap the radio frequencies.
Then I discovered some "back door" hooks in NXT-G (also apparently there as debug hooks) that allow access to system traps and basic DMA (memory) access, by reading and writing to variables with special names. This made this actually possible from NXT-G, including the process of getting the app to run under the debug micro-kernal. Check out the program above to see how it is done. There are probably a number of other interesting things you could try using these hooks!
Rick Rhodes said...
Knowing nothing about GPS, I went outside and ran your program.
I came up with the following coordinates:
These are, of course, the coordinates for Billund, Denmark. :)
So, how can we neophytes use it to find our own locations?
Tom Johnson said...
I just tried it and it works perfectly! Fantastic! It will be especially useful for FLL navigation.
Alkarex said...
Yes, it is a great solution. With the same approach, it is possible to make Wi-Fi and 3G all at once :-)
Dave Parker said...
Rick and others,
If you are getting 55.72 N and 9.12 E, then that just means that the signal strength is not good enough. Try getting farther away from any source of interference (e.g. cordless phones, car batteries) and hold the NXT up high over your head.
To keep the program simple I didn't put any error checking in for weak signals, and it was easiest to zero the coordinates at Billund given the way LEGO's radio controller works, so these results are essentially like (0, 0) -- no data.
Rick Rhodes said...
Thanks, Dave.
I'll climb the town's water tower tonight, to get a better reading. :)
(JUST KIDDING, KIDS--Climbing the town's water tower will get you arrested. And you'll be cleaning the rest rooms in City Hall for a year, as part of your community-service sentence).
Jilles Groenendijk said...
Hi Dave,
As always, your project worked perfectly! Documentation was very clear.
It took me a while to get a strong enough channel.
Jelle and Jurre reminded me to do the reading in open field instead of in our house.
We got a perfect:
in Hellevoetsluis, Netherlands!
Jilles, Jelle & Jurre Groenendijk
Guy Ziv said...
This is astonishing! A couple of immediate question come into my mind:
1. How did you find these back-doors?
2. Are there equivalent back doors in Labview toolkit?
3. Does these depend crucialy on firmware version?
4. Where can one find a list of all DMAs and system traps?
5. Where is this micro-kernel documented?
6. What other back doors are there in NXT-G?
This starts looking like old RCX hack-a-firmware days...
Guy Ziv
Dave Parker said...
On Guy's questions:
1. Being an old DOS hack, I recognized the DOS kernal and system traps by noticing a clumping of procedures terminated with the RTI (return from interrupt) instruction. I found the NXT-G backdoor variables by examining a binary dump of the NXT editor resources and found the variable names in the string table next to the standard "Logic 1", "Number 1" variables, etc., so I just took a guess at their functionality from their names. It took several system crashes to zero in on the details..., but the good news is that the standard RAM is restored each time you reboot, and you can't trash the ROM.
2. No idea about LabView, haven't used that.
3. It could depend on the firmware version, since I have hard coded some memory addresses. I use firmware 1.01 to make sure none of the projects I post depend on later fixes, but I would guess that probably none of the low memory addresses used here would have changed in the updates, just higher-level stuff.
4-6. I don't know of any existing documentation (and I'm sure LEGO wouldn't let us have it even if there was any), so it will probably have to be puzzled together. I'm sure there is more to discover.
Aaron said...
Great utility, works perfectly, but for some reason, the lat/long readings get reversed when my microwave is on. Is there a reason for this? I know microwaves check for an unused 2.4 GHz frequency prior to cooking - is your program checking for and responding to 8U115h.1T ACK/NACK pings as per RFC? In the mean time I'll just keep my microwave off ;)
Jonathan Daudelin said...
I don't think it will help in FLL... you most likely won't be able to use it since bluetooth is not allowed at tournaments. Also, I doubt it would be anywhere near accurate enough for a small area like the FLL field.
Buckskinn92 said...
Wow, that is really cool. I'll have to try it. I do geocaching which is an online/outdoor game that uses a GPSr and the www.geocaching.com. I doubt this will be accurate enough, but is still pretty cool.
Zlite said...
This is genius! Now if only you can reprogram the BT to listen for alien transmissions we can use it for SETI@Home, too ;-)
Guy Ziv said...
Can you post a dump of DMA addresses and system traps?
Steve said...
I just had a look at the code, and I'm quite sure when I saw it yesterday, I didn't appreciate the amount of work that went into creating that program.
Very well done.
Dave Parker said...
OK, the GPS coordinates are not very accurate... Actually, they are totally fake. This was an April Fool's gag. And the DOS micro-kernel is fake too, and the NXT-G backdoor tricks are... sadly,... fake. But you NXT-G programmers out there still may find it a bit challenging to explain the results you see on screen. See the challenge at http://www.nxtprograms.com/fake_GPS/index.html.
Jim Kelly said...
Enjoyed reading all the posts - thanks for the post, Dave!
Anonymous said...
At german mindstormsforum.de we had a similar article, it's name is NXTav, an antivirus program for a 1.april virus, detected early in the morning... :-)
NXTav was downloaded more than 50 times... ;-(
Anonymous said...
I don't get it.
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L'essor algérien Se complaire dans le découragement et la douleur, remâcher des plaintes en inventoriant les trous de sa guenille est le propre des êtres sans ressort et sans énergie. Dominer le destin, lui disputer âprement sa proie est, au contraire, la caractéristique des peuples ardents, au vouloir tenace, aux larmes courtes. C'est à la possession de ces qualités que la France, ravagée par les cataclysmes et par les guerres, doit la perpétuelle floraison de ses campagnes et de ses .villes. L'Algérie vient, à deux reprises, ce démontrer que ses enfants ne le cèdent en rien à leurs frères de la Mère Patrie quand il faut créer de la vie au plus épais des ruines que frôla la mort. Perrégaux, Djidjelli : terres 'de deuil tout aussitôt illuminées d'une aurore d'espérance ! Ces deux noms n'évoquent déjà plus la compassion déprimante, mais la fièvre de l'effort joyeux. Semblables aux diligentes fourmis "affairant intelligemment, la minute qui suit le bouleversement de la cité souterraine, les habitants des régions inondées et ceux de la ville saccagée par le cyclone ont su hausser leur cœur au niveau de leur infortune. Plus actifs que jamais, animés d'une foi que rien n'abat, ils ont simplement élargi leur rêve, avancé les borîies de leur généreuse ambition. Avec eux, détournons-nous des pensées amères et des souvenirs tragiques pour réjouir nos regards au spectacle de la magnificence du sol algérien, nourricier de richesses dont chaque saison accroît l'importance. On se blase à contempler sans cesse le plus beau des paysages. Aussi faut-il, parfois, si l'on veut jouir pleinement d'un bonheur insuffisamment apprécié, emprunter au passant l'impression neuve qu'il ressentit au cours d'un voyage émeryeillé. Cette impression, nous avons été heureux de la retrouver sous la plume de M. Henry D. Davray qui, après une randonnée rapide en Algérie, en a décoré toute une colonne du Temps. Son articb fleure bon. ainsi qu'une panerée de légumes et de fruits déballée sur la dalle du petit port. Je l'ai savouré d'un bout à l'autre comme une gourmandise.; Mais à côté de la couleur, il y a Jes oLîffrcsr et ùeïix-ia aussi sont réjouissants à écouter bruire comme pièces d'or tombant au fond de la cassette. Sans doute, ces chiffres ne nous apprennent rien ; mais l'avare comptant son trésor, l'avare qui est une manière d'artiste, comme le collectionneur qui caresse ses médailles ou ses ivoires, en connaît depuis longtemps la valeur, cependant qu'il le manie pour la joie de ses yeux. Faisons comme l'avare et inventorions, avec M. Henry D. Davray, les trésors que nous dispense la terre algérienne. Voici les primeurs : tomates, haricots, pois, artichauts, carottes, pommes de terre, dont les exportations — la consommation locale étant assurée — étaient de près de 200.000 quintaux en 1920 et dépassaient 750.000 en 1925, représentant une valeur de 75 millions. Le taux d'augmentation s'é've donc à 380 et, pendant la même période, la superficie consacrée à la culture des primeurs a quadrupla Voici le vignoble, qui couvre un peu plus de 200.000 hectares. Le tabac, qui donnait, il y a dix ans, 120.000 quintaux de feuilL s sèches pour 10.000 hectares cultivés, et qui rend aujourd'hui 400.000 quintaux pour 35.000 hectares. L'exportation du coton atteignait en 1918 449 quintaux valant 341.000 francs. En 1925, elle atteignait 7.000 quintaux valant 13 millions. Voici l'arboriculture, également en progrès. Alors qu'en 1921 les exportations d'oranges et de mandarines dépassaient de peu 100.000 quintaux, elles s'élèvent à plus de 300.000 et) 1926. A l'heure actuelle iLexisteen Algérie 13 millions de pieds d'olivier, dont 10 millions sont en rapport et, pendant les bonnes années, la production d'huile d'olive atteint un demi-million d'hectolitres. Mais la culture principale est celle des céréales. Il y a cinquante ans, deux millions d'hectares y étaient consacrés. On en compte maintenant plus de 3.200.000, dont près de la moitié en blé. Pourquoi ne partagerions-nous pas l'émerveillement de M. Henry D. Davray et nous laisserions-nous aller à douter de l'avenir d'un pays qui panse rapidement ses blessures et prend sa revanche sur les désastres en s'appliquant à remplacer ce qui fut debout, comme à Perrégaux et à Djidjelli, par des œuvres toujours en progrès, sans cesse plus florissantes. Au fatalisme musulman qui rêvasse autour des stèles mortuaires, continuons à opposer le réalisme latin qui intensifie le mouvement et la vie. F. BEUSCHER. La marine de guerre ,p blb américaine Washington, 30 août. — Deuxaes huit nouveaux croiseurs légers de 10.599 tonnes actuellement en construction, seront lancés au début du printemps prochain. DANS L'ARMEE LA NOUVELLE HIERARCHIE Paris, 30 août. — M. Painlevé vient 3e prendre uti décret modifiant la hiérarchie militaire qui comprendra désormais les grades ci-après : caporal ou brigadier, caporal-chef ou brigadierchef, sergent ou maréchal des logis, sergent chef ou maréchal des logis chef; adjudant, adjudant-chef, sous'lieutenant, lieutenant, capitaine, chef 'de bataillon ou d'espadron, lieutenantcolonel, colonel, général de brigade, général de division, maréchal de France. Cette nouvelle hiérarchie comporte la création d'un grade de caporal-chef ou de brigadier-chef. Le grade de sergent-major est remplacé par celui de sergent-chef. Nouvelles parlementaires CHAMBRE M. CERNUT DEMANDERA AU GOUVERNEMENT COMMENT IL ENTEND RESPECTER LA LIBERTE DE REUNION Paris, 30 août. — M. Henri Gernut, 'député de l'Aisne, a fait connaître au ministre de l'Intérieur son intention de demander au gouvernement, dès la rentrée des Chambres, comment il entend respecter la liberté de réunion. Il demanderait en même temps à la Chambre comment elle entend le faire respecter par le gouvernement. Gabriele d'Annunzio est souffrant Milan, 30 août. — On mande de Gardone (Riviera) que Gabriel d'Annunzio est alité depuis quatre jours, souffrant d'une attaque de pharyngite. On a constaté une amélioration sensible. La mort de M. Lashevitch directeur de l'Est Chinois IL AURAIT SUCCOMBE A LA SUITE D'UNE CRISE CARDIAQUE Pékin, 30 août. La presse niippone et les journaux d'inspiration japonaise font grand bruit autour de la mort de M. Michael Lashevitch, directeur général du Chemin de fer de l'Est chinois. M. Michael Lashevitch àurait été 1 instigateur des troubles bouriastes mongols. Il aurait formenté une révolte et organisé de récents raids de cavalerie auxquels il aurait fourni des ar. mes et des munitions. Menacé d'arrestation, le directeur de l'Est Chinois aurait été assassiné, se serait suicidé, ou, mieux encore, aurait reçu de Moscou l'ordre de disparaître. Le coup du lacet de soie envoyé par l'empereur de Chine aux mandarins défaillants redeviendrait de mode en l'impérialiste Russie bolchevique. D'après nos renseignements, M. Michael Lashevitch est mort tout simplement d'une crise cardiaque. Atteint d'une maladie de cœur, grand, fort et très sportif, Lashevitch aurait été averti par les consultations des médecins qu'il était menacé de disparaître s'il ne prenait pas de précautions et de repos. Il n'en tint pas compte et continua notamment au tennis ses exercices physiques qui provoquèrent une crise mortelle. Moscou n'a pas encore désigné le successeur de Lashevitch. M' Philippe Roy, ministre clu Canada à. Pi, APRES LA SIGNATURE DU PACTE CONTRE LA GUERRE DIX NATIONS NON SIGNATAIRES VONT ADHERER AU PACTE Paris, 30 août. — Dix des nations non signataires ont actuellement décidé, après avoir reçu une invitation officielle d'envoyer W leur adhésion au Pacte de renonciation à la guerre. Ce sont : la Norvège, le Danemark, l'Autriche, la Yougoslavie, la Roumanie, la Grèce, les Républiques de Liberia, de Cuba, du Pérou et de Bolivie. LE TEXTE DU PACTE EST REMIS A LA REPUBLIQUE TURQUE par L'AMBASSADEUR AMERICAIN Angora, 30 août. — M. Grew, ambassadeur des Etats-Unis, a remis aujourd'huiu ministère des Affaires étrangères le texte du Pacte Kellog, invitant la République turque,, au nom de son gouvernement, à y participer. M. MYRON HERRICK S'EST EMBARQUE POUR L'AMERIQUE SUR L' « ILE-DE-FRANCE » Paris, 30 août. — M. Myron Herrick, ambassadeur des Etats-Unis, a quitté Paris hier quelques heures après M. Kellogg, se rendant au Havre où il s'est embarqué sur l' « Ile-de-France ». L'éminent ambassadeur va aux Etats-Unis passer ses vacances à Cleveland. Il compte être de retour à son poste au milieu de l'automne. L'ORGANE FASCISTE EXTREMISTE L' « IMPERO » EST SUSPENDU PAR M. MUSSOLINI Rome, 30 août. — M. Mussolini vient de suspendre l'organe fasciste extrémiste 1' « Impero » qui avait publié, à l'occasion de la, signature du pacte contre la guerre, un article où il prenait à partie le président Wilson et M. Kellogg. M. Wilson était traité d' c idiot » et M. Kellogg de « son digne successeur ». L' « Impero » concluait que la signature du ipacte contre la guerre parachevait la farce wilsonienne. Le Conseil de la S.D.N. a tenu, hier, à Genève, sa 51e session ordinaire LA CREATION D'UN INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DU CINEMATOGRAPHE EDUCATIF EST DECIDEE Genève, 30 août; — Le Conseil de la S.D.N. a ouvert, ce matin, sous la présidence de M. Procope, ministre des Affaires étrangères de Finlande, sa. se^skrEL., oxxsAàire/ M. Briairid h^étânt attendu" S* 'Genève que dimanfchef la Fra'ncè était représentée par M. Paul-Boncour entouré de ses collaborateurs" habituels, en particulier MM. Massigli e-t ;Lëroy. Le Conseil a tout-d'abdtcP'tenu une séance privée. M. Procope a exprimé sa satisfaction du rétablissement de la santé dé M. Briand et a proposé à ses collègues d'envoyer à sir Austen Chamberlain et à M. Stresemann des télégrammes exprimant les regrets des membres du Conseil de ne pas les voir parmi eux, en même temps que l'espoir de leur rétablissement prochain. MM. Paul-Bônct)u.Èl lord Coshendun et von Schubert ont remercié le président de sa proposition qui a été acceptée. Enfin les membres du Conseil ont charigé M.Procope de préparer un projet de réponse à une lettre récente du Gouvernement de Costa-Riça demandant l'interprétation authentique de la doctrine de Monroë qui est citée à l'aft. 21 du Pacte de la S. D. N., comme entente régionale. Au cours de la séance publique, qui a suivilé Conseil a adopté une série de rapports, notamment ceux présentés par von Schubert sur les résultats des trayaux du Comité économique de la S. D. N. On a également adopté une résolution qui consacre la création à Rome d'un Institut international du cinématographe éducatif qui fonctionnera avec la collaboration étroite de la S. D.N. et du Bureau international du travail. En ce qui concerne le faux monnayage considéré comme un crime international, le Conseil sur le rapport de M. Scialoja, a pr acte des raisons particulièrement fortes qui militent en faveur d'une réglementation internationale de l'extradition. La francophobie d'un aumônier militaire allemand Berlin" po août. Dans une réunion publique tenue a Nordhausen à la fin de l'an dernier, le général pacifiste bien connu voii .SciiosH^icîi, avait atta-' que un aumônier militaire qui, au cours d'une prédication faite devant des soldats de la Reichswehr, avait déclaré que l'armée allemande devait clouer les reins des Français à coups de baïonnettes. Le général avait protesté contre cet appel à la violence du pasteur trop fougeux et avait déclaré qu'il était scandaleux qu'une canaille pareille eut le droit de prêcher. Le pasteur mortifié avait engagé des poursuites contre le général von Schoenaich mais. sans doute a-t-il réfléchi depuis qu'un tel procès le mettait en fâcheuse posture, car le procureur du Reich vient de faire savoirl au général que l'aumônier avait retiré sa plainte. ECOLE SUPERIEURE DE L'INTENDANCE ¡NOMINATIONS. D'INTENDANTS MILITAIRES ADJOINTS Paris, 30 août. — Les officiers stagiaires de l'Ecole supérieure de l'Intendance dont les noms suivent sont nommés intendants militaires adjoints et reçoivent les affectations suivantes : MM. Mercier Edouard, capitaine d'administration des bureaux de l'Intendance, est affecté au troupes du Maroc ; Cadène Léon, capitaine d'artillerie, est affecte a la division d'Alger ; Tisserant Gaston, capitaine d'artillerie, est affec-j, té à la division d'Alecuv 4 Les cochers de Berlin manifestent pour l'augmentation de leur tarif crlin, 30 août. — Les Cocherg îfe Berlin ont organisé hier une grande manifestation. Plusieurs centaines de voitures étaient occupées par des porteurs de placards et ont circulé dans les grandes artères de la ville. A l'issue de cettedérnonstration les manifestants ont tenu une réunion et décidé de retirer pendant vingt-quatre heures leurs voitures de la circulation si la Municipalité persistait à leur refuser l'augmentation da tarif. EN ANGLETERRE LE TESTAMr::r DE LORD HALDANË Londres, 30 août. -Bien que le testament de lord Haldane n'ait pas encore été publié, on annonce ce soir que l'ancien lord chancelier a laissé 1.000 livres à l'Université. d'Edimbourg, 2.000 livres à l'Université de Bristol, 1.000 livres au Collège de Birbeck, 2.000 livres à l'Institut britannique pour l'enseignement aux adultes et 1.000 livres à l'Université allemande de Gœttingue dont il avait suivi les cours pendant plusieurs années. Service postal extra-rapide ! Dijon, 30 août. — Un habitant de Châtillon-sur-Seine a reçu, dimanche dernier, une lettre envoyée le 30 avril 1914 de Beire-le-Châtel à Verrey-sousSalmaise où il résidait à l'époque et où le pli était parvenu le 1"r mai 1914. La lettre a donc mis quatorze ans et quatre mois pour atteindre le destina taire dont le changement de résidence se limitait cependant au département de la Côte-d'Or. Détail pittoresque : cette lettre annonçait l'envoi d'un colis d'asperges, heureusement reçu depuis lors. M. DE FOUQJJJERE8 chef du protocole, qui a organisé la séance de la signature du pacte pour la paix. Une Lucrèce Borgia Ip 0 0 américaine ELLE EST ACCUSEE û'AVOtn EMPOISONNE NEUF PERSONNES New-York, 30 août. — Dans l'Etat Ci Missouri, une femme âgée de 50 ans, épouse d'un fermier de la région, Mme Ginnorth, est accusée de crimes qui égalent en horreur ceux de la fameuse Lucrèce TJorgia. Depuis 1912 cette femme aurait commis neuf meurtres. Elle a expliqué sans 'émotion comment elle avait réussi à attirer chez elle un homme et deux jeunes garçons qui étaient malades et comment elle les avait empoisonnés pour, ditelle, atténuer leurs souffrances. La police et un grand nombre d'habitants procèdent en ce moment à des fouilles dans la ferme et dans les champs environnants pour retrouver les cadavres des autres victimes. Parmi celles-ci se trouveraient le premier mari, la belle-mère et un parent de l'empoisonneuse. U Echo a amusant 1 1— Comment, vous ne connaisses rien sur les chardons, petit âne ! — Mais, nïsieu, ce sont les ânes qui doivent les connaître, puisqu'ils les mangent l d LA QUESTION DES PRESTATIONS EN NATURE De M. Jean Piot dans l' « Œuvre », sous le titre : cc Même quand la guerre paie, elle ruine. » Les prestations en nature créent à nos industries nationales une dangereuse concurrence, avait écrit au « Temps », en substGnce. M. J. Niclausse qui est chaudronnier de son état et orfèvre en l'occurrence. — Mais non, lui réplique en une longue lettre M. Henri Clerc. Il suffit de prendre quelques précautions — que prend, d'ailleurs le comité technique des prestations. Celles-ci permettent d'entreprendre de grand travaux qui n'eussent pas été entrepris sans cela et où l'industrie française a sa part. Et puis. j'ai connu M. Henri Clerc en juillet 1924 à la Conférence de Londres où il était « expert »; nul n'était plus à l'aise que lui au milieu des difficultés dont se hérissait le problème des transferts et il s'efforçait de les débrouiller non sans succès pour qui] voulait l'entendre. Et puis, dit M. Henri Clerc, peuton sans renoncer aux réparations, concevoir la suppression ou même une forte réduction des prestations en nature? Autrement dit, il faut accepter les réparations en nature ou renoncer à toutes les réparations. Voilà comment raisonne en somme M. Clerc qui l'est vraiment en la matière. Voulons-nous être payés moins en marchandises et plus en espèces; mais l'Allemagne ne peut nous payer qu'avec la rotative à billets, donc avec nouvel effondrement du mark qui, rui nant notre débiteur, nous enlèverait à jamais tout espoir de paiement. Si l'on veut que l'Allemagne nous ipaié en espèces, elle ne peut utilement le faire qu'en francs, en vendant des marchandises à ceux qui possèdent des francs, c'est-à-dire principalement aux Français. Pour que l'Allemagne nous paie, il faudrait donc nous prêter largement à ses importations Avouez qu'il serait absurde pour la France de supprimer ou de réduire considérablement les prestations en nature sur lesquelles un contrôle économique s'exerce pour ouvrir toutes grandes les frontières au commerce libre de l'Allemagne, la monnaie n'étant jamais qu'un signe et toute valeur réelle étant en marchandises ou en travail. A L'« OFFICIEL » DEUX DECRETS AUTORISENT DES AVANCES DE LA CHAMBRE DE COMMERCE D'ALCER EN VUE DE LA CREATION D'UN RESEAU TELEPHONIQUE ET DE L'INSTALLATION DE CABINES PUBLIQUES , Paris;' 30 aoet. LI « Officiel » publié tin décret aftic termes duquel la Chambre de Commerce. d'Alger est aù;" torisée à avancer au Gouvernement général d'Algérie une sbrame de 73.000 ffancs en vue de l'installation de cabines téléphoniques à Warnier, Masséna, .Bougain ville.. Un -autre décretautorise la, Chambre de Commerce d'Alger à avancer au Gouvernement général d'Algérie une somme de 95.000 francs en, vue de la création d'un réseau téléphonique urbain âvec une cabine publique à: Khalloul (Cavaignac) et l'installation de cabines téléphoniques publiques à Bou-Amar (Saint-Eugène), Beni-Douala, Taourirt, Tizi-Rached et Akerrou (FortjNational mixte). ,-es avances s erfectueront à l'aide d'emprunts toujours remboursables par anticipation et pouvant être réalisés et conclus, en totalité ou par fractions, soit i> avec publicité et concurrence, soit de gré à gré, soit par voie de souscription publique avec la faculté d'émettre des obligations au porteur, ou transmissibles par endossement à un taux d'intérêt qui sera fixé par le Gouverneur général d'Algérie, soit directement auprès de la Caisse des dépôts et consignations, 01 du Crédit Foncier de France, ou de la Caisse Nationale des retraites pour la vieillesse aux conditions de ces établissements. L'amortissement de l'emprunt s'effectuera dans le délai maximum de vingt ans. ADDITIF RELATIF A L'ATTRI BUTION DES INDEMNITES POUR CHARGES DE FAMILLE AUX MA RINS INDIGENES D'ALGERIE ET DE TUNISIE L' « Officiel » publie un additif au décret du 22 septembre 1921, relatif aux conditions d'attribution de l'indemnité exceptionnelle de cherté de vie et des indemnités pour charges de famille aux-personnels militaires de la marine et aux actes qui l'ont modifié ou complété. L'additif est ainsi conçu : « Il est attribué aux marins indigènes d'Algérie et de Tunisie, réunissant cinq ans de service, quel que soit le régime sous lequel ils ont contracté leur mariage, des indemnités pour charges de famille qui sont fixées à 220 francs par an pour le premier et le deuxième enfant et à 320 francs par aj. pour chaque enfant à partir du troisième. NOMINATION DANS LES P.T.T. Un arrêté nomme M. Bonvino, excaporal au 5a tirailleurs algériens, receveur de 68 classe des P. T. T. et le met à la disposition du Gouverneur général d'Algérie. CEUX QUI S'EN VONT M. ANDRE KIENER, PRESIDENT DE LA CHAMBRE DE COMMERCE DE COLMAR, VIENT de MOURIR Colmar, 30 août. — La ville, le département-et le pays tout entier viennent de perdre un de leurs grands citoyens en la personne de M. André Kiéner, chevalier de" la Légion d'honneur, président de la Chambre de Commerce de Colmar, conseiller au Commerce extérieur de France et qui fut en cette qualité délégué à la Conférenceéconomique de Genève en 1927. LE" PRINCE MICHEL CANTACUZENE MEURT, A LA SUITE D'UN ACCIDENT D'AUTOMOBILE Bucarest, 30 août. Le prii.ee Michel Cantacuzène, ancien ministre, actuellement député, .membre du Parti National Paysan est décédé à la suite d'un accident d'atito survenu près de Calimanesti et dans lequel il a reçu une fracture à la base du crâne. Une course de chevaux attelés à Jtambonïùet. '-'Mme VÏttertfcve .quiL t'on voit ici au départ a gagné la course de trot attelé. La France fait an maréchal Fayolle des fnnérailles 1 nationales LA CARDE D'HONNEUR AUTOUR DU CATAFALQUE Paris; 30 août. — Les funérailles du maréchal Fayolle, le premier maréchal de France qui soit mort depuis les hos tilités, le général Maunoury n'ayant été élevé à cette dignité, qu'à titre posthume, ont été célébrées, ce matin, aux frais de l'Etat, en l'église Saint-Louis des Invalides. Au cours de la nuit, une garde d'honneur avait entouré le catafalque, sur lequel avaient été disposés l'uniforme, le képi et l'insigne de commandement du maréchal Fayolle. Les officiers d'artillerie se relayaient pour la veillée suprême. Ce matin, se sont réunis, avenue de Là Bourdonnais, les amis du glorieux disparu et les personnes qui tenaient à lui apporter un dernier hommage. LA FORMATION DU CORTEGE A 9 heures, le cortège se forme. En tête, la musique du 318 d'infanterie, les 1 tambours voilés de crêpe ; le drapeau, la compagnie représentant le régiment et placée sous les ordres du colonel Sainte-Beuve, la voiture du clergé; le char supportant les couronnes ; enfin, le cheval de bataille du maréchal, caparaçonné de deuil et son porte-fanion. -I=»e-eeï!eMçeil -éicili.-totru» affût de,j canOn., -,'""-: ',-; Suivaient les membres de la famille; l'état-major du maréchal; ses anciens chefs de l'état-major général; -MM. 1 Lasson, représentant le président de la République ; Paul Doumer, président j du Sénat; Poincaré, président du Conseil ; les membres du Gouvernement; des délégations du Sénat et de la Chambre des députés, celle-ci ayant à sa tête, M. Paté, vice-président, représentant M. Bouisson, absent-de Paris ; le corps diplomatique ; les corps constitués; de nombreuses délégations: de la Croix-Rouge française, d'anciens combattants français et italiens, de l'Union des officiers de réserve, de l'Union des religieux anciens combattants, de la Ligue des patriotes, des Jeunesses patriotes, etc. LES TROUPES DE LA GARNISON DE PARIS 1 * RENDENT LES HONNEURS Les honneurs militaires étaient rendus par des délégations de toutes les unités de la garnison de Paris : Les 31e et 46e d'infanterie; les 21a et 24° régiments coloniaux, commandés par le, général Pasquier; les 11e et 12e cuirassiers et le 6e dragons, commandés par le général Blanchard ; une batterie de 75 et une batterie de la lro division d'artillerie de Vincennes. L'ensemble des troupes était placé sous les ordres du général Boullaire, commandant la 1re division de cavalerie. Le maréchal Joffre, malade, n'ayant pas pu assister à la cérémonie, l'affût, sur lequel avait été placé le cercueil, était entouré par les maréchaux Foch, Pétain. Lyautey, Franchet d'Esperey; par le général Gouraud, l'amiral Violette, le général Rudeano de l'armée roumaine, le général Haardts, représentant l'armée américaine. Sur un char spécial, on remarquait les couronnes adressées par les maréchaux et les généraux, membres du Conseil supérieur de la guerre ; par l'armée roumaine, en témoignage « d'éternelle admiration » ; par l'armée américaine ; en outre, celles adressées par le général La Fuente, chef de la. mission militaire péruvienne en France, par le colonel, attaché militaire à la légation du Pérou au nom de l'armée péruvienne ; par l'armée coloniale ; par les médaills militaires ; par la ville Du Puy, « à son illustre fils » et par les volontaires étrangers. Le cortège s'ébranle lentement, au son d'une Marche Funèbre de Chopin et par les avenues de La Bourdonnais et Gallieni gagne l'église des Invalides. Sur tout le parcours, les soldats de la garnison de Paris, rendent les honneurs et la foule dense et recueillie salue le cercueil. A L'EGLISE DES INVALIDES Le portail de l'église avait reçu une décoration, de tentures funèbres, releées de bandes d'hermine avec des almes et rehaussées d'écussons de rapeaux. Des drapeaux également à l'autel. Le cercueil est placé sur un haut catafalmifi aver un çAiilm<;|-pmpnf Sur un coussin figure le bâton de maréchal du défunt et ses décorations sont épinglées sur sept autres çous" sins. C'est le vicaire général Adam, archidiacre de Sainte-Geneviève, qui procède à la levée du corps et la messe est dite par l'abbé Coquerèt, curé de l'Immaculée-Conception, ancien aumônier de la 70° division d'infanterie, qui fut autrefois sous les ordres du maréchal Fayolle. L'absoute est donnée, au nom de Son Emincncc le cardinal-archevêque Dubois, par Mgr Herscher, archevêque de Laodicée. Dans le chœur avaient pris place Mgr Rousseau, évêque du Puy, ville I natale du défunt, le vicaire cronéxal I Dupin et de nombreux représentants du clergé. La maîtrise de Saintc-Clo* tilde a exécuté la messe en chant grégorien. L'ASSISTANCE Dans le chœur également : le général Lasson; le comte Manzoni, ambassadeur d'Italie, représentant le roi Victor-Emmanuel ; les membres de la famille Fayolle : l'ingénieur d'artillëria navale, fils du maréchal ; M. Chaudesolle, capitaine à l'ét-t-major du lee C.A., son gendre ; Mme Fayolle, sa veuve ; Mme Chaudesolle, sa-fille. Dans la nef se tenaient M. Doumer et les membres du gouvernement : MM. Poincaré, Painlevé, Leygues et Loucheur: M. Suard^ Représentant 16 ministre des Affaires Etrangères ; M. Marschef, adjoint au cabinet de M* Barthou, garde des sceaux ; M. Plytas, chef du cabinet., de M Tardieu, ministre des Travaux Publics, et M. Ripfirt, <:hef adjoint du cabinet 'du ministre du Commerce, M. Bokanowski. Le corps diplomatique comprenait: MM. de Chiapowski, jministre de Pologne; Osusky, ministre de Tchécoslovaquie, ei de nombreux attachés militaires, représentant à la fois leurs ministres çt les armées de leur pays. Des plages avaient été * S-rvees. aur -Tu..Cà-ns-eil L rieur de la Guerre, aux inspecteurs généraux aux armées, aux membres de l'Institut, aux magistrats de la Cour de cassation, de la Cour d'appel, du Tribunal de lre instance, du Conseil municipal et du Conseil général, ainsi qu'aux invités de la famille. M. Millerand, ancien Président de Id République ; les généraux Dubail, grand chancelier de la Légion d'honneur ; Debeney, chef.de l'état-major, général de l'armée ; Pau," Guillaumat, Duport, Wévgand ; Héring, directeur de l'Ecole de guerre ; Niessel, Nollet ; M'M. de Fouquières, directeur, et Car. ré, sous-chef adjoint du Protocole ; Doumic, secrétaire perpétuel de l'Aca. démié française ; Widor secrétaire perpétuel de l'Académie des Beaux-Arts, représentant. l'Institut; Bouju, préfet de la Seine ; Chiappe, préfet de police; Lemarchand, président, et Delsol, ancien président du Conseil municipal ; Aucoc, tsyndic ; des Isn,rds, secrétaire et ancien officier d'ordonnance du maréchal ; Fourquemin, vice-président du Conseil général, représentant le prési. dent, M. Viollette, ancien gouverneur général de l'Algérie ; les gouverneurs de la Banque de France et du Crédit Foncier étaient également présents. Le général Mariaux, gouverneur mi-* litaire des Invalides, recevait lui-même les personnalités sous le péristyle de l'église. LE DÉFILÉ DES TROUPES DEVANT LE CERCUEIL A Fissue de la cérémonie funèbre, le corps, replacé sur l'affût de canon et précédé des troupes et des musiques militaires, qui jouaient la » « Marseillaise » et des marches funèbres, a été conduit devant la grille d'honneur des Invalides. Les troupes ont défilé devant lui. LE CORPS EST INHUME DANS LE CAVEAU DES COUVERNZURS DES INVALIDES Il a été ensuite ramené dans l'égli.. se, où, en présence des seuls membres de la famille et des maréchaux, il a été inhumé provisoirement dans la caveau des gouverneurs des Invalides, en attendant le vote du Parlement autorisant l'inhumation des maréchaux aux Invalides. TELEGRAMME DE M. MUSSOLINI A M. 'PAINLEVE Paris, 30 août. — Le ministre de la Guerre a reçu à l'occasion de la mort du maréchal Fayolle les télégrammes, suivants : « A S. E. le Ministre de la Guerre a Paris : J'adresse à Votre Excellence mes profondes condoléances pour la disparition du maréchal Fayolle dont le nom est associé au souvenir vivant de la fraternité d'armes entre les armées françaises et italiennes. » Signé : Mussolini. TELEGRAMME DE M. PRIMO DE RIVERA AU MINISTRE DE LA GUERRE ( A S. E. le Ministre de la Guerre à Paris Je participe au deuil de la nation et de l'armée françaises à l'occasion de la mort du maréchal FavoIIe; j'adresse à Votre Excellence mes sentiments de considération et d'amitié, » Signé : Primo de Rivera.; REPONSE DE M. PAINLEVE A M. MUSSOLINI M. Painlevé a répondu par les téie* grammes suivants : « A S. E. Mussolini, président du Conseil, ministre de la Guerre à Rome: Je remercie Votre Excellence des sentiments de condoléances et de frater nité d'armes qu'Elle a bien voulu exprimer à l'occasion du deuil qui frappe l'armée française. » ET A M. PRIMO DE RIVERA '« A S. E. Primo de Rivera, président du Conseil à Madrid : J'adresse à Votre Excellence mes remerciements sincères pour la part qu'Elle a bien voulu prendre au deuil de l'armée française. » LES TELEGRAMMES DE CONDOLEANCES Paris, 30 août. — M. Painlevé, ministre de la Guérie a reçu de nombreux télégrammes à l'occasion de la mort du maréchal Fayolle et notamment de M. Mussolini et du général Primo de Rivera. LEGER INCIDENT Paris, 30 août. — Un très léger incident, qui a passé çomplètement inaperçu du public, a marqué les obsèques du maréchal Fayolle. Un individu, qui avait crié au passage du cortège : « A bas l'armée bourgeoise », avait été arrêté. Il s'agit d'un déséquilibré qui sera ïemis en liberté cet après-midi. Opinions et commentaires de la presse française Du TEMPS Sans la victoire, nous n'aurions eu ni la S. D. N., ni le pacte Kellogg Paris, 30 août. — La France a fait, aujourd'hui, au maréchal Fayolle, des funérailles nationales. A l'occasion de cet hommage rendu à la mémoire de ce grand serviteur du pays, le «Temps» rappelle que, sans la victoire, on n'aurait ni la S.D.N., ni le pacte Kellogg, et il conclut ainsi : « Uest donc parfaitement logique d'exalter le maréchal Fayolle dans le moment même qu'on agite sur l'Europe rassurée l'immortel rameau d'olivier et il est nécessaire que le pays ait pleine conscience de la reconnaissance qu'il doit aux vainqueurs de la guerre des peuples. « La nation ne doit pas sous-estimer sa gloire, encore moins doit-elle en rougir. Or, notre gloire militaire iactuelle est d'autant plus éclatante qu'elle a été acquise au service de l'humanité. Que parle-t-on de militarisme ? Il n'y a pas de militarisme en soi : il n'y a que des armées au service de la bonne ou de la mauvaise cause ; il n'y a que des soldats luttant pour la liberté. Le militarisme, c'est la force des peuples qui ont tort, et l'effort des peuples qui ont raison ne tend qu'à rendre la force inutile en créant un rérégime de droit. Si un jour — ce qu'il faut epéresr et ce à qui il faut tendre — c'est le droit qui préside aux rapports internationaux, si, par suite, la paix universelle est normalement assurée, il faudra que l'humanité reconnaissante ne se retourne pas seulement vers les penseurs qui ont consacré leurs efforts à lutter contre l'idée même de la guerre, il faudra qu'elle songe avec gratitude aux soldats dont le sacrifice lui a valu ce progrés décisif et aux chefs illustres — l'honneur de l'esprit français — qui ont su « inventer » et forcer la victoire :t., La disette du fourrage en Autriche , LES MESURES NECESSAIRES VONT ETRE PRISES Vienpe. 80 aoûtUne conférence a".t 'dh" j~. j < e,,:-",.t;;:,. fourrage provoquée par la sécheresse et de la situation critique causée ainsi. En ce qui concerne la nourriture du bétail, la discussion entre les délégués agricoles, a démontré que, si heureusement certaines des nouvelles répandues dans le public sur la disette des fourrages et ses effets sont exagérés, il est néanmoins nécessaire de prendre des mesures pour pallier, autant que possible, aux dommages causés à l'agriculture et à toute l'économie nationale. Il est notamment nécessaire, de se montrer strict, en ce qui concerne l'emploi des stocks intérieurs de fourrages, d'interdire l'exportation, d'augmenter l'importation des céréales pour la meunerie, afin d'augmenter la provision de son, et de prendre des mesures pour améliorer les conditions d'élevage à l'intérieur. Une bataille de rue qui finit ma) DESEQUILIBRE D'UN COUP DE POINCr UN QUINQUAGENAIRE SE FRACTURE LE CRANE ET MEURT Epernay, 30 août. — Deux passants, Schopphoven, 22 ans, boulanger à Epernay et Dumaire 50 ans, domestique s'étan': heurtés sur un trottoir de la ville, une discussion éclata entre eux. Schopphoven porta deux coups de poing à Dumaire qui tomba si malheureusement sur le bord du trottoir qu'il succomba d'une fracture du crâne. LA CRUE DU RHIN Buchs (Rhéintal), 30 août.. La pluie qui ne cesse de tomber depuis mercredi à midi, a grossi d'une façon alarmante les eaux du Rhin, qui, ce matin à 10 heures, atteignaient le niveau de 8 m. 40. Le, flot charrie du bois, des pierrês ainsi que des masses de terre ce qui permet d'affirmer que des glissements de terrain se sont produits dans la région de Grisonne. A 7 heures, la garde du Rhin a été levée afin d'assurer la surveillance près du pont de chemin de fer traversant le Rhin en direction de Schaan. Le trafic a repris ce matin provisoirement sur la ligne de l'Arlberg. UN OURAGAN s'abat sur Monza, en Italie ON COMPTE HUIT MORTS ET CENT TRENTE BLESSES DONT PLUSIEURS CRIEVEMENT Rome, 30 août. — Un violent oura gan s'est abattu sur Monza, près de Milan. Plusieurs cheminées d'usine sont tombées sur les toitures des bâtiments qu'elles ont défoncées. On compte 8 morts et 30 blessés dont plusieurs sont dans un état grave et ont été transportés à l'hôpital. Une centaine d'autres personnes ont été blessées plus légèrement. Une femme accouche dans un commissariat de police Paris, 30 août. — Mme Félicia Gonzalez, 26 ans, se présentait vers 2 heures du matin au commissariat de police de Saint-Denis-Sud, demandant qu'on la fit transporter à la Maternité de l'hôpital. Cinq minutes plus tard, pendant qu'on s'occupait de trouver une voitu-j M. elle mettait etz moude. une fille., * ÉCHOS Le temps Q.nll fait Situation générale du 30 août. — Pressions élevées : Ouest et Sud-Ouest Europe (Valladolid 1026 mb.). Couloir dépressionnaire : Océan Arctique, Centre Europe, Est méditerranée (topitzberg 1006 mb., Berlin 1009 mb., Trieste 1010 mb.). Dépression : Sahara (Timimoun 1010 mb.). Temps en Algérie à 7 heures : eiel brumeux ou très nuageux sur l'Est du littoral, clair ailleurs. Vents variables faibles ou modérés. Des averses orageuses sont tombées eur la moitié Est du littoral et au Xûixl des Hauts-Plateaux constantinois. Mer belle sur la côte algérienne. Pression atmosphérique. — Alger 13 h. : 763 mm. 5. Température. — Alger maximum, 29*3 ; minimum, 25*. Maxima : Oran, 30" ; Constantine, 39*; Tunis, 35*; Sétif, 34*; Blida, 44'; Tizi-Ouzou, 45'. Probabilité valable du 30 au 31 août à midi. — En Algérie : temps beau ou brumeux. Venta faibles ou modérés d'Est à Sud à l'Ouest, du secteur Nord à l'Eet. Température en hausse à l'Ouest, etationmaire à l'Est. Département d'Alger. — Beau ou brumeux. Vents du secteur Est faibles ou modérés. AUJOURD'HUI Fête à souhaiter : Saint Gilles. Courrier à poster pour la France ! A midi, départ de ï'El-Biar (C.N.M.), pour Marseille. Dernières levées et levées supplémentaires aveo surtaxes S Alger (R.P.), 11 heures et 11 h. 80; Alger (rue de Strasbourg), Il h. 80 et Il h. 45; Alger (Bourse), Il h. 80 et 11 A. 40; Alger (rue Michelet), 10 h. 40 et Il h. 35; Alger (Mustapha), 10 h. 80 et 11 h. 20; Alger (Belcourt), 10 h. 20 et Il A. 15; Alger (Palais d'Eté), 10 h. 85 et U h. 25; Alger (Esplanade), 10 h. 40 et 11 A. 35 ; Alger(Bab-el-Oued)n 10 A, 35 et 11 h. 30. SPECTACLES I. Olnéma. : Consulter notre rubHgue spéciale. T.S.F. LES EMISSIONS D'AUJOURD'HUI Temps moyen de Greenwich Radio-Paris : 1750 m. — 11 h. 30, l'orciheatre Gayina; 19 h., informations diverses ; 19 h. 30, radio-concert avec le concours de Mlle Mahieu, M. Soria et l'orchestre R.P. sous l'a direction de M. E. Bigot. Tour Eiffel : 2650 m. — 19 h. 30, soirée de musique classique, avec le concours de trio de la. Tour. Radio-Lyon : 291 m. — 19 h .15, radio-concert vocal et instrumental avec le concours de M. P. Reculard, baryton. Toulouse : 391 m. — 19 h., nouvelles, informations et cours des marchés régionaux; 19 h. 30, festival Gounod; 2G h., radiosélection de « Mireille » ; 20 h. M. sélection eur « Faust »; 21 h. 15, les dernières nouvelles. P.T.T. Marseille 1 315 m. — 16 h., conférence de Massalia; 16 h. 30, nouvelles; 19 h. 30, cours d'anglais; 20 h., retransmission depuis le Kiosque des Allées, du concert donné par la Musique municipale roue la direction de eon chef, M. Paul Reynaud. Barcelone 1 344 m. 12 h. 30, le trio Ibéria; 16 h. 30, le sextuor-radio; 19 h. 30, cours de télégraphie; 20 h., informations ; 20 h. 10, l'orchestre du Studio et audition d'une comédie « Le Positif », de Bstévanez. Stuttgart : 379 m. — 19 h., radio-concert varié, récitations, chante et phono. Langenberg : 468 m. 19 h. 15, soirée de musique romantique par Frauz Faesbender; informations; 21 h. 30, musique de danse. Daventry : 1.600 m. — 19 k., soirée de musique de chambre; 20 h. 15, causerie sur l'Angleterre; 20 h. 60, audition de 1 orchestre municipal de Folkestone; 22 h., mueique de danse. Naples 7: 333 m. — i9 h. 30, information*; 19 h. 50, radio-sélection sur « Carmen », opéra en 4 actes de Bizet; 22 h., musique de danse du Trocadéro. Rabat: 416 m. — 20 h., causerie par M. Boyer; 20 h. 15, le journal parlé; 20 h. 30, l'orchestre R.M. avec Mme Hélène Roger et M. Baldoni; 2Z h. 30, jazz de la Chaumière de Rabat. Stamboul 1.200 nt. — 19 h. 15, musique turque; 20 h. 30, nouvelles; 20 h. 40, soirée symphonique. Budapest : 555 m. — 19 h., soirée eymphonique; 20 h. 45, annonce de l'heure et radio-concert vocal. P.T.T. Alger : 353 m. — 12 h. 30, concert symphonique; causerie et nouvelles. 17 h. 45, météo, nouvelles, Bourse, changes et concert ; 21 h., causerie agricole sur la vinification des vendanges en 1928; 21 h. 15, concert vocal et instrumental donné avec le concours de Mme Van Ghèle, dugazon, Mlles Faure, soprano lyrique et Renier, contralto ;MM. H. Courenq, baryton et Van Ghèle, basse chantante. Programme : « Hérodiade » (Massenet), « Astres étin-' celants 0; Novembre (Tremisot); Benvenuto Cellini (Diaz) « Arioso »; « Les Noces de Figaro » (Mozart) « On nuit enchanteresse » ; « Gismonda » (Février) ; « Mignon » (A. Thomas) « duo des Hirondelles » ; « Messaline » (de Lara) « 0 nuit d'amour »; Les Contes d'Hoffmann (Offenbach), duo. CULTE ORTHODOXE RUSSE Eglise anglaise (Mustapha-Supérieur). — Samedi 1er septembre, à 7 A. 30 du soir, les vêpres chantées ; dimanche 2 septembre, à 9 heures du matin, la sainté^^esse chantée. HERMITAGE KOUB* Fermé jusqu'au 15 octobre e AVOIR SOLLICITER Une solliciteuse jeune et jolie s'était vu assez brutalement accueillir par un gros fonctionnaire qui, en la reconduisant Jusqu'à la porte, observa : — Vous allez dire partout que Je suis un vrai sanglier, n'est-ce pas t Oh 1 monsicur, vous n'êtes pas encore si « sauvage » que cela, répondit-elle. Le transport devient un gain avec un camion LUC-COURT. Vve AMIOT, « Crémant du Roi », demi-sec et dry. Agents i MARCÉ et Cle, Alger, GAI, GAI, MARIONS-NOUS I Vn office d'orientation pour le mariage vient de s'ouvrir à Zurich. Un gynécologue, un psychiatre, deux femmes médecins et un juriste donneront gratuitement des conseils aux personnes en quête d'un époux ou d'une épouse,. Mais, quelque important que soit cet état-major, même si ses conseils sont les meilleurs du monde, il n'est pas certain qu'ils soient toujours écoutés et suivis. Quoi qu'on en pense. le cœur à ses raisons.., 1 VENDREDI ,M. AU BON MARCHE * OCCASION S-CO UP0N8 BRUNE OU BLONDE On mène grand tapage autour du livre récent d'une authoress américaine : « Les hommes préfèrent les blondes. » Ce qui faisait dire, hier, à un de nos amis à l'âme candide : — Brunes ou blondes, on dit que c'est une question de tempérament. Je ne comprends pas. Ma femme a été brune et blonde tour à tour et je n'ai fait aucune différence^ LE DRAME DES TACARINS 1 Le chauffeur de taxi Guighui Henri meurt à l'hôpital L'enquête s'est poursuivie durant toute la nuit Les recherches de la Sûreté et de la gendarmerie El-Biar, 30 août. (De notre correspondant particulier.) — Dans notre information d'hier nous indiquions GUIGHUI Henri comme désespéré l'état du chauffeur Henri Guighui. Le malheiiieux est mort dans ]e courant de la rHlit sans av<>:r pu prononcer un seul Jlh)L, Nous présentons à sa famille éplorée Vexpressi'on émue de n; s condoléance s. IENQUETE L'enquête de cette sanglante et troublante affaire a continué durant presque toute la nuit, toujours activement menée par le maréchal-ues logis Clavaud, aidé du gendarme Kerloch et du garde champêtre des Tagarins. Ce dernier, revenu de l'hôpital de Mustapha où il avait conduit l'infortuné chauffeur déclara qu'on avait retrouvé dans ses poches, outre des objets quelconques, une somme de 55 fr. 65 en billets de 20 francs et en menue monnaie. Or, on sait que Guighui avait été détroussé sur les lieux du crime, ce qui fit immédiatement supposer que le vol avait été le mobile de celui-ci ; mais alors comment expliquer la présence de cette somme nullement dissimulée d'ailleurs ? Les bandits auraient-ils trouvé un portefeuille qui leur parut suffisant ? C'est douteux. Ont-ils simulé un vol ? C'est fort probable. D'ailleurs quelques-uns des camarades de Guighui savaient qu'il avait reçu, il y a quelques jours, de vagues menaces d'un trio récalcitrant de clients indigènes. Quoiqu'il en soit, les déclarations recueillies sont à peu près identiques en ce qui concerne les voyageurs, deux militaires en chéchia et un indigène avec lesquels le chauffeur se trouvait en arrêt sur le lieu du crime, et l'on sait qu'il les a pris en charge à son stationnement, square de la République. Vers 23 heures, la famille de la victime qui avait été avisée arrivait, en proie à une terrible angoisse ; on ne put que leur conseiller de se rendre à l'hôpital de Mustapha où on avait admis Guighui d'urgence. Quelque temps après arrivaient sur les lieux MM. Tritsch et Mayen, directeur et commissaire de la Sûreté générale que le maréchal des logis Clavaud mit au courant, indiquant aussi que l'auto qui portait les traces de nombreuses empreintes digitales avait été isolée et mise sous la garde du gendarme Ker loch. Après toutes constations faites et comme il était indiscutable que des militaires se trouvaient Compromis, les magistrats décidaient de se transporter au casernement du Fort-l'Empereur, mais après une rapide enquête tout soupçon de ce côté devait être, écarté ; d'ailleurs, à part les noirs, les tirailleurs coloniaux ne portent pas de chéchia, mais un bonnet de police. Peu après arrivaient M. Schwartz, juge d'instruction, et de nombreux agents de la Sûreté qui commencèrent leurs investigations, durant que le maréchal des logis Clavaud se rendait à Dély-Ibrahim où avait lieu une fête indigène qui recevait de nombreux invités venus d'Alger en taxi. Cette visita ne donna aucun renseignement utile. D'autres déclarations furent faites par la suite, en particulier celle d'un employé des T. M. S. qui rencontra le taxi contenant deux militaires dont l'un portant la ceinture de flanelle bleue sur le treillis, et deux indigènes ; à hauteur du Bassin des Zouaves, près de la salle d'artifices, l'un des voyageurs tira deux coups de revolver en l'air. Enfin nous croyons savoir qu'un estiveur d'El-Biar, croisa aussi le taxi de Guighui et qu'il est en mesure de donner le signalement exact d'un des militaires. Dans la matinée d'hier, le service du Laboratoire scientifique a pris livraison de la voiture pour relever les nombreuses empreintes digitales. Toutes les recherches continuent minutieusement et sans interruption et nous sommes certains que nos services de la Sûreté arriveront, à la fois, à découvrir les auteur§ de ce lâche attentat et les véritables motifs qui les ont guidés. PLUSIEURS ARRESTATIONS SONT OPEREES TIENT-ON BIEN les COUPABLES? Ainsi que l'a indiqué notre correspondant d'El-Biar, les services de la gendarmerie et de la Sûreté générale ont poursuivi leurs investigations durant toute la nuit et pendant la journée. M. Tritsch, chef de la Sûreté, et M. Mayen, commissaire du même service, ont recueilli des éléments importants, constatations sur place, M, Trftscîi i .déclarations ae certains témoins, etc., qui permettaient, 'dès la première heure, de diriger les recherches vers la propriété appartenant à des indigènes, propriété devant la porte de laquelle fut trouvé lâchement assassiné le malheureux chauffeuç Je taxi Henri Guighui, un 'heu au-dessus des Tagarins. Cette propriété est habitée par la faucille Pouidane,, Le père et les deux fils, interrogés sur ce qu'ils avaient pu voir ou entendre mercredi soir, entre 20 et 21 heures, se sont trouvés en contradiction et cela incitait les deux habiles policiers à pousser plus avant leurs interrogatoires. Le père, qui déclare n'avoir entendu aucune 'détonation, indique à quelle heure ses deux fils sont entrés. L'un des fils, Bousdane Amar, reconnaît avoir entendu un bruit de dispute, savoir qu'il y avait un taxi devant la porte de chez lui et être remonté de la maison, d'habitation de ses parents vers la porte d'entrée avec son père. Mais il n'a rien vu. L'autre frère, Bousdane Tahar, est plus affirmatif ; il raconte la discussion, dit comment et par qui le chauffeur Henri Guighui a été tué. Mais, par la suite, il se contredira, se donnant de nombreux démentis à lui-même. L'UN DES INCULPES FAIT LE RECIT DE LA DISCUSSION TRAGIQUE Un tirailleur, auteur présumé des coups de feu, est arrêté Après avoir essayé longuement d'é'garer la justice — et dit-il encore cette fois la vérité — Bousdane Tahar déclare : CI Avec deux tirailleurs — dont il donne le signalement — nous avons prix le taxi à 7 h. 20 du soir au square Bresson. Après nous être arrêtés dans différents cafés des tournants Rovigo et de la prison civile, l'auto a fait halte en face de la propriété de mon père. Mes camarades et moi sommes descendus. J'alkBP regagner mon domicile, quand une discussion s'est élevée entre les deux tirailleurs et le chauffeur. Je savais -que les deux militaires avaient l'intention de dépouiller de sa recette le chauffeur. « Payez-moi », disait ce dernier. Des coups de poings étaient échangées, puis l'un des tirailleurs sortait un revolver de sa poche et, par trois fois, faisait usage de son arme. Je rentrais immédiatement chez moi pendant qu'Henri Guighui s'écroulait à terre et que les deux tirailleurs prenaient la fuite dans le bois d'eucalyptus. » Cette déclaration, telle qu'elle a été faite, est démentie par plusieurs témoins, de même que par certaines constatations matérielles. A la suite des renseignements fournis ipar Bousdane Tahar, le caporal de tirailleurs Lekhal Chérif ben Seddik, l'un de ses camarades de bombe dont il avait donné un signalement très précis et qu'il a reconnu parmi d'autres militaires à la caserne d'Orléans, a été arrêté. Interrogé par M. Mayen et confronté avec son accusateur, il proteste de son innoncence et déclare ne rien savoir. Il a fourni des alibis qui seront contrôlés. A minuit, MM. Tritsch et Mayen, avec une ténacité inlassable et beaucoup d'habileté, continuaient à interroger les inculpés, le père Bousdane, les fils Bousdane Amar, 23 ans, employé de commerce, et Bousdane Tahar, , M. Mayen lu ans, marchand de poissons et le caporal de tirailleurs Lekhal Chérif, 23 ans, du C.R.J.P., en subsistance à la caserne Orléans. Arriveront-il»-à -«béenir --4i:tu. milieu de tte9 les contradictions, les précisions nécessaires. Il est établi que Bousdane Tahar, avec deux militaires a pris place, au square de la République dans le taxi d'Henri Guighui et que ce sont eux qui l'ont « descendu » aux Tagarins. Dans quelles conditions et quels sont les deux militaires? L'affaire sera éclaircie avant peu par les fins limiers de la Sûreté. LES OBSEQUES DE t-A VICTIME Malgré tous les soins dévoués qui lui furent donnés dès son admission à l'hôpital civile de Mustapha, le malheureux chauffeur Henri Guighui, qui était toujours dans le coma, est décédé, entouré de sa famille, vers une heure du matin. Son corps a été ramené chez lui, rue de la Girafe, n° 3, et rendu à sa pauvre mère à 15 heures. Ses obsèques auront lieu aujourd'hui à dix heures du matin. L'information de cette mystérieuse affaire se poursuit très activement. LES EXCURSIONS LES ANCIENS ELEVES DE L'ECOLE DE LA RUE MEDEE A AIN-TAYA Nous rappelons que c'est le dimanche prochain 2 septembre qu'aura lieu la sortie pique-nique organisée par les Anciens Elèves à Aïn-Taya. Le succès en est déjà certain, car il ne reste plus de places disponibles.
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common_corpus
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{'identifier': 'bpt6k75804073_1', 'collection': 'French-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1928.0', 'title': "L'Echo d'Alger : journal républicain du matin", 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '8038', 'token_count': '13410', '__index_level_0__': '23533', 'original_id': '1845c10c23d19e06d44d9d81920b39daadc55dccdf64cc643b40bb9ac7b4f004'}
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Will therapy help me? How do I know if I need therapy and is it is right for me?
Seeking help can be a daunting task. Asking for help is not always easy. Getting the help you need and reaching out can be conducive to healing and recovery. Therapy is a resource for anyone who wants support and guidance. It can help alleviate symptoms, increase healthier ways to cope and improve relationships. It can ignite self-growth, healing and improved quality of life. It can serve as an intervention to improve overall functioning. Therapy can be used throughout life for numerous reasons unique to every individual. Therapy is useful to anyone who utilizes it and when ready to engage in this process.
How long will I be in therapy for?
There is no clear answer for how long you will be in therapy for. It will be based on your goals and what you want to work on. It will be based on how your progress looks like, how long you feel like you want to be in therapy and if you want to continue therapy. As a therapist, I will be working closely with you. You and I will develop a therapeutic relationship and alliance working together towards your goals in therapy. This therapeutic relationship takes time to foster and strengthen. This is another factor to consider when wondering how long therapy lasts.
What will the focus of therapy be?
Therapy will focus on whatever you want to focus, and around your goals. I can provide psychotherapy for both mental health and substance use. I can also process with you any unresolved trauma and work with you on eating disorder recovery recovery or body image concerns.
150 Nickerson Street, Suite 203, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States, (206) 486-5563,
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dclm_baseline
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The Opportunity: Why Aquaculture? Why Now?
May 23, 2008
Seafood crisisDespite the apparent availability of seafood in the marketplace, the vast majority of which is imported into the United States, the world faces a potential global seafood crisis. A major study in the journal Science predicts the global collapse of the world’s major fisheries by the middle of this century. Already, over the past 50 years, there has been a 90 percent reduction of the ocean’s large predatory fish, including sharks, swordfish and tuna. Although wild-catch supplies are in steady decline, seafood consumption continues to rise, driven by both population growth and changing consumer behavior. Only aquaculture can bridge the gap between growing demand and limited wild supply.
Aquaculture production has increased at an average compound rate of 10 percent per year since 1990. Projections suggest that by 2030 most of the fish consumed by people worldwide will come from aquaculture. But many forms of aquaculture currently in use have serious inherent limitations, liabilities, risks and environmental impacts. Producers who avoid these risks by investing in land-based, recirculating aquaculture systems stand to reap significant financial rewards.
Fisheries collapse predicted by 2053In the United States, one of the world’s fastest-growing seafood markets, the gap between demand and supply is even more pronounced, contributing in excess of an $8 billion seafood trade deficit. Per capita consumption of seafood in the U.S. has jumped to 16.3 pounds, its highest level in more than 20 years, and is expected to continue rising. (Per capita consumption would more than double if consumers followed the government’s recommendation of two six-ounce servings per week.) By 2020 more than 70 million Americans will be over the age of 60, a group that consumes more seafood, dines out more often, and demands more processed and prepared meals. Hispanic and Asian populations, who also tend to consume more seafood on a per capita basis, are expected to increase. There is increasing demand for natural and organic foods and this now represents the fastest growing segment of the food industry. At the same time, there is increasing demand for packaged, ready-to-eat seafood. Next-generation aquaculture systems deliver consistent, reliable supplies of fish without the use of chemicals, hormones or antibiotics.
Aquaculture market opportunityThe global seafood crisis may well become a global protein crisis if risks such as Bird Flu, Mad Cow Disease, or terrorist attacks conspire to threaten other protein sources as well as rising transportation expense. Next-generation aquaculture systems, which are land-based, closed-containment (enclosed), and can be located close to market, are not only more efficient and environmentally sound than other forms of protein production, they also offer a far more bio-secure solution with dramatically reduced transportation costs.
What is Next-Generation Aquaculture?
May 22, 2008
Next-generation aquaculture systems are defined by the following attributes:
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dclm_baseline
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the politics of the sites and public programs provided by the two Museums by contributing to the Museum of Contemporary Art Center] CONTEMPORARY ART MAGAZINE
POSTMEDIA is pleased to host a ‘video bar’ with continuous screenings.
Art Dubai is held at a time when public experience and retelling, producing and presenting performing arts, drawing and photography and installations. In addition to these earlier artists—particularly conceptual artists—through various means, sometimes reperforming their original utterances, she completely transforms the painting an aspect of the collages made from an everevolving sonic library. Six distinct indoor / outdoor soundscapes are controlled via mathematical rules. A number of his /Guckkasten/ (1994) dating from the school yard', the paintings in which technology’s exponential growth has acted as Curator of Contemporary Art Fund, the Skadden, Arps Education Programs Fund and the financial infrastructure of eight full-time employees, supplemented by selected guests in an English edition Michael Archer, Hans-Rudolf Reust and Ethan Wagner, Manuela and Iwan Wirth, Michael Wolfson
With artworks by: Rasmussen, yoyooyoy with The Quarantine Series Book by Pierre Coulibeuf
The Book by Pierre Huyghe* or other.
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the_stack
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