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HomeFood Articles'D' to 'O' Food History > Forks, A Short History
FREE Food & Beverage Publications
See also: Fork Trivia
The Art of the Table
by Suzanne Von Drachenfels
"It is coarse and ungraceful to throw food into the mouth as you would toss hay into a barn with a pitchfork." Anonymous
The word fork comes from the Latin 'furca' for "pitch fork." The two-prong twig was perhaps the first fork. In Egyptian antiquity, large forks made of bronze were used at religious ceremonies to lift sacrificial offerings. One of the earliest dinner forks is attributed to Constantinople in 400 A.D.; it can be seen in the Dumbarton Oaks collection in Washington, D.C. By the seventh century, small forks were used at Middle Eastern courts; one such fork, a small, gold, two-pronged tool, came to Italy in the eleventh century in the dowry of a Byzantine princess who married Domenico Selvo, a Venetian doge. After witnessing the princess use the fork, the church severely censured her, stating that the utensil was an affront to God's intentions for fingers. Thereafter the fork disappeared from the table for nearly 300 years.
In England the fork was slow to gain acceptance because it was considered a feminine utensil. The exception was the 'sucket' fork, a utensil used to eat food that might otherwise stain the fingers, such as "a silvir forke for grene gynger" noted in an inventory taken in 1523 of Lady Hungerfords effects. The sucket fork was wrought with two prongs at one end of the stem and a bowl at the other. The fork end was used to spear food preserved in thick, sticky syrup, such as plums and grapes, and the spoon end to convey the syrup to the mouth.
When Catherine de Medici married Henry I in 1533, her dowry included several dozen dinner forks wrought by Benvenuto Cellini, the great Italian silversmith. The fork began to gain acceptance in Italy by the late sixteenth century, a period when upper-class Italians expressed renewed interest in cleanliness. However, the French court considered the fork an awkward, even dangerous, utensil, and the nobility did not accept it until the seventeenth century when protocol deemed it uncivilized to eat meat with both hands. The way to use the fork remained a mystery, and many sophisticates, notably King Louis XIV, continued to eat with fingers or a knife.
In 1608, Thomas Coryate, son of the Rector of Odcombe, took the "grand tour" of Europe, and on his return published a narrative that included the Italian custom of eating with a fork. Thereafter, Coryate's friends jokingly called the young traveler Furciferus, "Pitchfork."
"I observed a custome in all those Italian Cities and Townes through which I passed that is not used in any other country that I saw in my travels, neither doe I think that any other nation of Christendome doth use it, but only Italy. The Italian, and also most strangers that are cormorant in Italy, does alwaies at their meales, use a little fork when they cut the meate . . . their forkes being for the most part made of iron or steel, and some of silver, but these are used only by gentlemen. The reason of this their curiosity is because the Italian cannot endure by any means to have his dish touched by fingers, seeing that all men's fingers are not alike cleane. Hereupon I myself thought to imitate the Italian fashion by this forke cutting of meate, not only while I was in Italy, but also in Germany, and often-times in England since I came home."
Thomas Coryate, ‘Coryat's Crudities’ (1611)
The modern table setting is attributed to Charles I of England who in 1633 declared, "It is decent to use a fork," a statement that heralded the beginning of civilized table manners. But it wasn't until almost a century later that the fork gained acceptance among the lower class. In England, the acceptance of the fork encouraged preparation of continental recipes, such as 'olios' from Spain, a dish made with stewed meat taken with a fork as opposed to mashed food eaten from the blade of a knife. Because the average family owned a limited number of forks, historians suggest that the service of sherbet midway through a meal gave the servants time to wash the forks used earlier on.
The first dinner forks were made with two flat prongs. The earliest two-prong fork to bear an English hallmark and engraved with a coat of arms dates to 1632 and is attributed to the Earl of Rutland. It can be seen today in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. In the seventeenth century, fork tines were made of case-hardened steel and were fast to wear down. To promote utensils with longevity, early fork tines were extra long in length and made with sharp pointed tips.
But when it came to spearing certain foods, such as peas and grains, the widely spaced two-prong fork was impractical, and between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the tines increased in number from two to three and then to four. Moreover, from the late seventeenth century to the mid-eighteenth century, the profile of the fork changed from flat to slightly curved, a shape that accommodated a scoop of soft food, such as peas. But three- and four-prong forks were slow to reach North America, where people continued to eat from a knife blade food that was difficult to spear with a two-prong fork, such as mashed potatoes and gravy.
The way to use the dinner fork remained a mystery well into the eighteenth century. Joseph Brasbridge, a retail silversmith in Fleet Street, wrote of his confusion in a customer's home, "where the cloth was laid with a profusion of plate.... I know how to sell these articles, but not how to use them."
The New York Ladies' Indispensable Assistant, published in 1852, gave general advice on eating with a fork, knife, and spoon:
"If silver or wide pronged forks are used, (for fish), eat with the fish fork in the right hand—the knife is unnecessary. . . . If possible, the knife should never be put into the mouth at all, let the ledge be turned down. . . . The teeth should be picked as little as possible, and never with fork or fingers. . . . Eat peas with a dessert spoon; and curry also."
In the nineteenth century, mass production and the invention of the electroplating process made silver forks affordable to a rising middle class who wished to emulate the nobility and eat with forks made for specific foods, such as berries, birds, cake, cold meat, cucumbers, fish, ice cream, lettuce, lobster, oysters, pickles, salad, sardines, shellfish, strawberrys, souffle, terrapin, tomatoes, and to pass sliced bread at the tea table. Although fork handles were normally made of silver or silver plate, in the nineteenth century organic materials were also used, such as bone, mother-of-pearl, and ivory (the latter often tinted green). Fork tines were shortened and closer together, and remain so today. No longer did fingers touch food, except to pick up small fruit, such as grapes. Nor did servants wash forks during a meal for use with another course.
Today, depending on need, a set of flatware may contain five forks: dinner fork, fish fork, luncheon fork, salad or dessert fork, and seafood fork. But the collector may amass specialized forks—for eating lobster, fruit, dessert, ice cream, pastry, strawberries, snails, and oysters—from antique shops and specialty stores.
The shapes of the fork tines accommodate particular foods. Forks wrought with long tapered tines, such as a dinner fork, are made to spear thick morsels of food, such as steak. Forks with a wide left tine and an optional notch, such as a salad fork, fish fork, dessert fork, and pastry fork, provide extra leverage when cutting food that normally does not require a knife. Forks with curved tines, such as the oyster fork, are made to follow the shape of the shell.
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"Women are targets": an interview with former foreign reporter Anne Sebba, author of a book on women journalists
Ho New/Reuters
It's tempting to think women can do everything men can. And then you hear about Lara Logan, who was sexually assaulted in Egypt during a protest, after Mubarak had been deposed and while she was with her camera crew. Logan told a press conference last month that she now keeps a journal for her two young children "so that if something happens to her they'll know why she does what she does."
Anne Sebba, a biographer and former Reuters correspondent in Rome, notes that in many ways, things are easier today for a woman reporter than they were in what she calls "the days of the still-idolized Martha Gellhorn, who had to dress up as a hospital orderly in order to report the D-Day landings in competition with her husband Ernest Hemingway." The new edition of Battling for News, Sebba's 1994 history of women reporters, is a story of women's competence in the field overcoming sexism against them.
But while she acknowledges that a lot has changed for the better, Sebba has given the new introduction to Battling for News a downbeat spin. (The book will be re-released in the UK in April.) While inherent bias in journalism has eased, changes in media technology and combat tactics have put women reporters in physical peril.
I spoke with Sebba in Washington, D.C. while she was in the U.S. promoting her latest book, a biography of Wallis Simpson.
You said you're revising Battling for News to have a more pessimistic conclusion.
When I left the book, it seemed as if women had broken down all the barriers. They were reporting sport, and finance, and war. It was all going to be fine from here on. But when I actually looked at it again, after a gap of 20 years, I had a much less rosy view of the whole picture.
Why was that?
Because women are targets. Lara Logan, particularly, is one of the stories.
There aren't carefully drawn battle zones anymore. The war is right in the center of town. There's 24-hour news reporting, so it's not as if you write your story and then, like Martha Gellhorn, go back to your hotel and have a drink with the boys and it's all over 'til another day. You don't have time to develop an idea, to go to places; you're just expected constantly to update the story without having the time to work out what the real story is.
Related Story
So that puts men and women under pressure. But women are targeted more, because a lot of these conflicts are now in Muslim countries, who see Western women wearing provocative--that's their word, not mine--provocative clothes, and therefore, they feel, the West has to be taught a lesson, that they're fair targets, fair game. And I think that's why the Lara Logan story is so terrifying for women.
The other thing I've learnt is that male editors, and particularly television editors, are exploiting women. More women than men graduate in media studies. They don't know how to find a fixer; they don't know about weaponry; they don't know where is safe, where is not safe--they just want to prove themselves. So they might end up in a really dangerous trouble spot without adequate preparation. And because you're hardly paid, it's often the young, inexperienced girls who are prepared to do it. And the editors are prepared to exploit them because it makes exciting news. It's vicarious thrill. You see a gorgeous woman on your screens in a flak jacket, and it's almost like entertainment.
Now, I'm not saying at all that Lara Logan comes into that [uninformed] category, please, she was a really experienced journalist. But I still think what happened to her is a sign of why it's so difficult to work in these current conflicts--because a Western woman like that is perceived as doing something that's not acceptable to all their cultural beliefs. So they get this frenzy whipped up, and you get separated from your TV crew, your support crew, and there is nothing you can do.
Hollywood Reporter ran an article on Logan about a month ago. She has two young children, one is four and one is two. Based on what she has said, it seemed she had scaled back the degree to which she is operating in conflict zones. You can't blame her for saying that, obviously, given what happened and the fact that she has children.
In your experience, how common is it for a woman to change how she reports if she has kids?
I certainly know several who, once they become parents--this is very dangerous ground, because of course there are fathers who cover wars, and of course they feel desolate about the danger they're putting themselves in, and possibly leaving a child. I still think it impacts women more. I think a woman has carried a baby for nine months, and she worries more about that.
How common would you say sexual harassment is?
I think a lot of women suffer what they might call minor harassment. I wouldn't call it minor. Women have been touched, felt up, expected to perform sexual favors to get a story--they've certainly had unpleasant and violent experiences and they don't report it. Because they don't want to lose their jobs.
How much of this is the responsibility of the news organizations that send women into conflict zones? Apparently a lot of news organizations aren't doing adequate training. If you're an editor, assigning someone to do a story, where is your responsibility if something happens to your reporter?
I think the big news organizations, the UPI, AP, Reuters, and the Sunday Times--do take their training seriously. And I think they do only send experienced correspondents with proper insurance and proper training. And they don't force them to go where they don't want to go.
I think the danger comes back to what we were saying before--these young kids, who are barely out of media college, try and be freelance journalists, and so they often go off their own and get a story. Those are the danger areas.
So you think that a lot of the issue is lack of experience. I guess, then the question becomes--if you're sitting reading this and you're 25 and you're starting your career as a journalist, and you want to be a foreign correspondent--how do you get that experience, if it's dangerous to get it on the ground? Do you work as a local reporter?
I absolutely hear what you're saying. Where do you get the experience? I suppose I should say "covering little, local wars." Little conflicts.
[Both laugh.] What would be an example of a little local war?
God. [Pause.] What would be?
I can tell you, having started my career recently, you see few avenues forward. The entire business is shifting. And it seems like a lot of places are using more freelancers. That's a structure where there is less support for you, period.
Of course. And you're constantly trying to prove yourself. That's really the danger. Well, I suppose--where do you get experience? You get experience covering riots and revolutions in your own country, where you're familiar with the back-up, or you go somewhere--you go abroad. Maybe you need to live in another country for a while, and be really familiar with that country's systems, and to know who you can trust, and who your best friend is, and whether he's sussed out the safest route for you.
I don't know how you get experience in the really sharp end. I suppose it's just a slow process; you don't launch yourself into a dangerous foreign war before you've really got to know that country's culture and customs and people. I'm still trying to think what a "little, local war" would be...
We've been talking about extreme situations, about conflict. But one slightly less dramatic, but in some ways more prevalent problem, certainly for young people my age, is that it's very difficult in the business right now, particularly with the low wages you're paid. You mentioned the large number of women graduating into doing media jobs. It seems that women run a risk--or maybe everyone runs it--that you get caught in a low-paying, low-level gig where you can't move up.
Do you think that the problem that women are facing at this point in media is just a problem with how we report out foreign conflicts? Or is there a problem in the newsroom?
Your question was whether there's still a male culture in the newsroom. I would guess that really has changed. Because there are just so many women doing it, and it's not acceptable any longer. It may be under the surface, but I've been too long out of a newsroom. I don't think the old, you know, let's go down to the pub and see who can down more beers fast enough--I don't think it's that sort of macho style.
Men still dominate the top of the masthead and young women are at the bottom--because, as you said, so many of them are graduating into media these days. Obviously, people are terrified of being sued. But certainly there's still the potential for a gendered power dynamic.
But that's true of any career. I don't think that's specific to journalism.
I have a daughter of 34, who's just taken maternity leave for the second time, and she knows that promotion is not going to be easy, because she's just had two years off, to have two children. I think even though the company that she works for, and hundreds of other young women, is terribly helpful and friendly, she has lost those two years and she will be punished for it.
It's not journalism. I think that really is just life. And a lot of things need to change before that will. One [thing] is probably compulsory paternity leave for a year. When that happens, then employers will just see within that pairing, a man or a woman--either of them could take the time off.
This interview has been edited for clarity and length.
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SOMMAIBE L'Enseignement SECONDAIRE libre. Nos Echos. Un Dominp. Rencontre. Guy de Maupassant. A l'Académie.– Léo Montancey.. • En Russie. Comte N. A PROPOS DU Saint-Gothard. F. Millier. Au Parlement Le Sénat. H. Gros. La, Chambre. Ferréol. Coulisses parlementaires. Taeerny. A TRAVERS LA Presse. Gustave Pinta. journal Officiel.. LES Affaires d'Egypte. Le GAULOIS PARTOUT. LES RÉCOMPENSES DU SALON. CuRONiauE des Tribunaux. Maître X. TÉLÉGRAMMES ET CORRESPONDANCES. G. Lin». NOUVELLES diverses. Gustave Cane. La Soirée parisienne. Maurice Ordonneau. Sport. Sir Bevys. Echos des Théâtres. Arthur Cantel. !J ~I1S81 ~8~18~ ~BCO~ ~Ih~ .îiiiB:R3?î" ~i. La loi sur l'enseignement secondaire, qui se discute en ce moment à la Chambre, aurait produit plus d'agitation en d'autres temps. Nous sommes un peu blasés. Nous avons eu l'article 7, les décrets, l'éctile neutre, les diverses propositions sur le Concordat, le budget des cultes, le serment, etc. L'enseignement secondaire n'est qu'un épisode qui se produit dans une longue guerre. On se passionne beaucoup à la Chambre mais l'émotion ne gagne pas le dehors. La question est cependant très importante tout le monde le comprendra quand on viendra à l'application, si l'on y vient. Il nous semble qu'on a déployé un certain talent de part et d'autre dans la discussion. M. Compayré sait beaucoup il a beaucoup réfléchi. Mgr Freppel est très éloquent. Le comte de Mun, dont les premiers discours étaient un peu déclamatoires, a discuté cette fois en dialecticien, et avec une grande abondance de faits et de preuves. M. Mézières, qui faisait ses débuts à la tribune, y paraissait aussi à son aise que dans sa chaire il y a retrouvé son excellent style, les grâces et l'à-propos de son esprit. Non seulement tout a été bien dit; mais, ce qui vaut encore mieux, il s'est dit beaucoup de bonnes choses. Comment se fait-il qu'une discussion si remarquable dans ses détails reste obscure dans l'ensemble, et menace d'aboutir à une loi mal faite? C'est qu'il y a, au fond, plusieurs questions engagées, entre lesquelles on ne distingue pas suffisamment. Demandons-nous, par exemple, quel est le but des auteurs de la loi. A entendre M. de Mun et l'évêque d'Angers, ils n'en ont pas eu d'autre que d'attaquer la religion catholique, de supprimer la liberté d'enseignement et de rétablir le monopole universitaire. Au contraire, si f on écoute M. Ferry, il s'agit tout uniment de relever le niveau des études. Ce niveau s'abaisse; le ministre l'a constaté. Les preuves abondent il les fournira à Mgr Freppel, à là Chambre, au pays. Un grand nombre d'établissements sont devenus des fabriques de bacheliers. On ne prépare pas les enfants pour la science et pour la vie; on les dresse pour un examen. L'examen subi, que reste til aux nouveaux bacheliers? Un parchemin dans les mains, et rien du tout dans la tête. M. Ferry s'inquiète de cette situation; n'est-ce pas son devoir ? w Il redouble de vigilance et d'exigences dans l'Université. Il fait plus il met les concurrents de l'Université dans la nécessité de s'amender, comme l'Université elle-même. Il veut, par cette loi, les contraindre à devenir des concurrents redoutables. S'il ne pensait qu'aux intérêts de l'Université, comme on l'en accuse, loin de songer à fortifier les écoles rivales, il se féliciterait de leur décadence. Tout cela est bien dit, et même tout cela est vrai; mais ce n'est qu'une partie de la vérité. M. Ferry déclare qu'il ne songe qu'à relever le niveau des études; mais dans la commission, dans les journaux de la gauche, sur les bancs de l'Assemblée, on va quelquefois plus loin. On y parle d'en finir avec les congrégations et les cléricaux on y assure qu'il y a deux Frances, parce qu'il y a, en France, deux systèmes d'éducation différents. Il y a deux Frances M. Ferry est-il bien sûr de n'avoir jamais entendu cette déclaration ? Elle ne le choquait pas du temps de l'article 7. Comment la juge-t-il, aujourd'hui ? Elle signifie évidemment qu'il faut sacrifier une des deux Frances à l'autre, et réserver la liberté pour la bonne France. Entre cette opinion et la négation absolue de la liberté, existe-t-il une différence? S'il y en a une, il serait aimable à M. Ferry de nous le dire. Au lieu de rechercher théoriquement quelle a pu être l'intention des auteurs de la loi, regardons plutôt la loi ellemême. Il semble qu'elle doit manifester les intentions de ceux qui l'ont faite. Or, elle a deux parties bien tranchées. Premièrement, elle exige des grades; secondement, elle y ajoute le certificat d'aptitude pédagogique. Cela nous paraît clair comme le jour on exige les grades pour élever le niveauides études; on exige le certificat d'aptitude pour qu'il n'y ait pas deux Frances. < Si M. Fèrry était l'auteur de la loi, au lieu d'en être seulement le bienveillant endosseur, nous dirions que la première partie de la loi répond à son discours de mardi dernier, et la seconde aux discours qu'il faisait du temps de l'article 7. L'évêque d'Angers et M. de Mun ne consentiraient pas à dire que la première partie de la loi, celle qui n'exige que des grades, a pour unique but et aura pour unique effet de relever le niveau des études. Cependant, de quoi se plaignent-ils? Ne veulent-ils pas, comme M. Ferry, que les professeurs soient capables ? M. Ferry veut qu'ils le soient et qu'ils le prouvent. Est-ce donc une grande affaire, pour un homme capable, de montrer sa capacité ? q On nous dit.: « Rapportez -vous-en aux pères de famille. Mais non, répond M. Ferry. On ne s'en rapporte pas aux malades pour juger de la capacité du médecin, ni aux plaideurs pour apprécier celle de l'avocat; et on ne se fiera pas aux pères de famille pour reconnaître qu'un professeur n'est pas un âne ou un empoisonneur. Les malades, les plaideurs, les pères de famille peuvent choisir entre les gradés; mais s ils ne peuvent pas choisir en dehors. C'est un système général, une sorte de mandarinat, qui nous plaît, qui a quelques avantages et très peu d'inconvénients. J'entends bien, dit M. Ferry, que vous demandez qu'on s'en rapporte au père de famille mais, si vous y tenez tant que cela, c'est parce que vous espérez que, quand on s'en sera rapporté à lui, il s'en rapportera à vous. » Nous sommes donc avec M. Ferry pour le relèvement des études, et pour l'exigence des grades. Nous n'y mettons pas d'enthousiasme; mais, si l'on arrive par ce moyen à se procurer de bons maîtres, nous en serons ravis, et nous ne comprenons pas qu'on s'en plaigne. Nous ne ferons qu'une seule réserve, c'est que la transition doit être rendue facile. M. Ferry en parle bien à son aise quand il dit que, si les maîtres actuels sont capables, rien ne leur sera plus aisé que de passer un examen. Un orateur disait l'autre jour que M. Despois, M. Deschanel et M. Barni pourraient très bien échouer au baccalauréat. Il avait cent fois raison. Ils sont aussi forts que les examinateurs, mais ils sont loin d'être aussi prêts que les examinés. Supposons que ces trois maîtres se présentent au doctorat, à la licence, au baccalauréat au doctorat, ils seront reçus avec éclat à la licence, il y aura du tirage; au baccalauréat, ils seront blackboulés. Voilà tout ce que nous avons à dire des grades. Mais, pour le certificat d'aptitude pédagogique, nous le combattrons à outrance. Nous le regardons comme la restauration pure et simple du monopole universitaire. Nous essayerons de le démontrer. Nous aimerions mieux qu'on nous dît tout franchement, comme M. Emile 01livier « La liberté d'enseignement est une fausse liberté. » Oui, nous comprenons qu'on soit ennemis de la liberté d'enseignement mais nous n'admettons pas qu'on se proclame ses amis et ses défenseurs au moment où on la supprime. Nos Echos Le Temps 25 mai 1882 En France, les pluies ont été générales sur les côtes ouest et dans le nord. A midi, le baromètre monte rapidement à Paris, une éclaircie va se produire, mais nous restons dans le régime pluvieux. Le vent souffle très fort de l'O.-S.-O. au Puy-deDôme et assez fort de l'O. au Pic-du-Midi. AUJOURD'HUI A 6 heures et demie, dîner au Grand-Hôtel admission jusqu'à 7 heures. Pendant la durée du dîner, l'orchestre de M. Desgranges jouera dans la nouvelle salle de musique.. MENU Potage crème d'orge àla royale Hors-d'oeuvre Turbot saucé hollandaise Pommes de terre à l'anglaise Contrefilet à la printanière Rissoles à la Pompadour Mayonnaise de volailles ̃̃ Selle d'agneau au cresson Salade Asperges en branches beurre fondu Gâteau Richelieu Glace pralinée Desserts • Fromages, fruits et petits-fours Le salon des dames est ouvert aux voyageurs. Piano, orgue, tables de jeux. Diner à la carte au restaurant. Billards au Café Divan. Le programme du dîner-concert. (Voir à la 4«page.) • Au Trocadéro (1 heure 1/2).– Grande matinée au bénéfice de l'Œuvre de la Miséricorde. A l'Opéra. Namouna et le Comte Ory. Au Théâtre-Français. Les Rantzau. A l'Opéra-Comique. Haydée. A l'Odéon. Mon fils! et la Belle Affaire. DEMAIN A l'Opéra. Françoit* de Riminî. Au Théâtre-Français. Le Monde où, l'on g 'ennuie. A l'Opéra-Comique. Les Noce* de Figaro. A l'Odéon. Mon fils et la Belle Affaire. IA POLITIOUE M. le préfet de la Seine a reçu, hier matin, les membres du bureau du conseil municipal, avec lesquels il a eu une longue conférence au sujet des invitations à lancer, le 13 juillet prochain, jour fixé pour l'inauguration solennelle du nouvel Hôtel de Ville. Il a été décidé que quatre cent cinquante personnes environ assisteront au banquet qui sera donné dans la grande salle des Fêtes du palais municipal. Parmi les invités figureront les membres du gouvernement, les membres du corps diplomatique, les maires des grandes villes de France et de l'étranger, les conseillers municipaux, les conseillers, généraux de la Seine, les conseillers d'arrondissement de SaintDenis et Sceaux; les délégués des municipalités de la banlieue, et les représentants des chambres syndicales de la capitale. Les architectes de l'Hôtel de Ville assisteront également, cela va sans dire, à ce banquet, ainsi qu'un groupe d'ouvriers ayant travaillé à la reconstruction dumonument. Nouveau et sixième candidat à l'ambassade près le Vatican M. Emmanuel Arago, actuellement ambassadeur à Berne. (A suivre.) On annonce une convocation du conseil supérieur de l'instruction publique pour le 18 juin* LE MONDE ET LA VILLE Une cérémonie des plus touchantes, a eu lieu avant-hier, à la chapelle de la Visitation Mlle Anne-Marie de Villers, fille de l'ancien colonel du 4Q lanciers, prenait le voile. Une foule des plus aristocratiques assistait à cette cérémonie, qui était présidée par un des parents de la famille. La nouvelle religieuse était fiancée, l'année dernière, à un jeune officier de marine, qui est mort, il y a quelques mois, au Sénégal, des fièvres paludéennes, C'est à la nouvelle de cette mort que Mlle Anne de Villers a manifesté le désir d'entrer en religion et de prendre l'habit. C'est l'ordre des sœurs de la Trinité que cette jeune fille a choisi. Une légère amélioration s'est produite, depuis hier, dans l'état du général de Cissey. Le malade a passé une nuit très calme et le mieux s'est continué durant toute la journée. Nous sommes heureux d'apprendre et d'annoncer que Tourguenieff, le fameux romancier russe, est maintenant hors de danger. La Société philanthropique a tenu hier son assemblée générale annuelle â la Mairie du premier arrondissement. C'est M. le marquis de Mortemart qui présidait la cérémonie, assisté de tous les membres du conseil d'administration. Après un discours du président, on a procédé à la distribution des récompenses accordées aux jeunes artisans recommandés à la Société. Les prix qui ont été distribués avaient une valeur variant entre cinq cents et cent francs. L'assemblée générale de la société des Maisons ouvrières de Passy-Auteuil a eu lieu hier soir, à la Mairie du seizième arrondissement, sous la présidence de M. Dietz-Monnin, le nouveau sénateur inamovible. Le capital social a été porté de 30,000 fr. à 200,000 francs. Parmi les actionnaires présents, nous avons remarqué MM. Daniel Wilson, président de la commission du budget; le docteur Marmottan, député de Passy Leroy-Beaulieu, professeur au Collège de France; Bloch, de l'Institut; Davrillé des Essards, président de la Société de secours mutuels du seizième arrondissement Cheysson, directeur au ministère des. travaux publics; Martin Nadaud, député; Michel, ingénieur en chef du chemin de fer de Lyon le pasteur Pascal plusieurs architectes et entrepreneurs, et M. Chaix, imprimeur. Petit courrier de l'escrime Le baron de San Malato, cette personnalité bruyante du monde de l'escrime, quitte Paris. L'escrimeur si cilien; qui n'a pu arriver, malgré toute la complaisance de la presse, a se faire une situation en France, se rend en Angleterre, où il a été précédé par M. Lantieri. .̃̃.̃̃̃.̃ Un assaut d'armes des plus intéressant a eu lieu hier, à la salie Caïn, entre M. Macotte, adjudant, maître d'armes au 12° d'artillerie, et le marquis de Talleyrand-Périgord, un des meilleurs élèves de la salle. On a fait de l'escrime à la dague et au sabre. Brillante soirée hier, chez notre confrère M. Léonce Détroyat, qui avait convié ses amis à entendre les trois premiers actes de son opéra Aben-Hamet, fait en collaboration avec MM. de Lauzières, de Thémines et Th. Dubois.Lebel appartement qu'occupe M. Détroyat, 21, boulevard Haussmann, était trop petit pour contenir tous ceux qui avaient eu la bonne chance d'être invités à cette primeur artistique. Nous y avons rencontré toutes les notabilités de la presse et du monde littéraire et politique Ambroise Thomas, Faure et Boudouresque, Massenet, MelchissédeCjGruiraud, Delibes, Saint-Saëns, Paladiïhe, Joacières, Barthe, Worniser, Pasdeloup, Lamoureux, Vaucorbeil, Halanzier, E. de Cyon, général Guiod, amiraux Thomasset et Lespès, comte de Vaisseau Ribell, Antonin Proust, Floquet, Casson, Garet, Rey, Thoinnet de la Thurmelière, Hattat et Depasse, du conseil municipal; Francis et Xavier Charmes, Vandal, Dubois de l'Etang, Montebello, Durieu, Bischoffsheim, Mayer, les chefs d'orchestre et de service de l'Opéra. Deux dames seulement Mmes Krauss et Richard. L'audition RAben-Hamet, a été un véritable triomphe pour les auteurs, qui ont été vivement félicités par tous les dilettanti qui se trouvaient présents. Les interprètes aussi ont eu une bonne part des applaudissements par lesquels ce public d'élite a salué le nouvel opéra. Nommer MM. Lassalle, Dubulle et Chennevières, Mmes Barbot, E. Mauduit et Lacombe-Duprez, c'est d'ailleurs assez dire que l'interprétation était parfaite. M. Vaucorbeil, qui s'est montré un des plus chauds admirateurs de l'œuvre de MM. D6troyat et Th. Dubois, ne manquera pas, nous en sommes certain, de le faire prochainement représenter à l'Académie nationale de musique. A notre tour, félicitons notre sympathique confr.ère, et à bientôt la première à'Aben-IIamet. Le bal donné hier avenue de la ReineHortense, chez la vicomtesse H. d'Abbigny, a été très brillant et digne de tout point de celui de l'an dernier. Beaucoup de jolies toilettes et un essaim de brillantes jeunes femmes et déjeunes filles. La maîtresse de la maison, qui faisait les honneurs de cette fête avec une exquise amabilité, portait une toilette ravissante robe de gaze de soie noire à tablier de brocart rouge. Des bouquets de roses du roi étaient brodés aux angles de la traîne et du corsage, encadrant à merveille la beauté blonde de la jeune femme. La salle à manger, resplendissante de lumières, offrait un coup o'œil charmant. Le petit salon, qui avait été converti en petit fumoir oriental, formait une espèce de redoute dans la fête même. La danse n'est pas morte encore, je vous le promets, car il y avait là de bien bons danseurs. On s'est séparé au jour. Un match intéressant sera disputé prochainement, au tir de l'avenue d'Antin, entre deux gentlemen de la colonie étrangère de Paris. Le comte de F. a parié de casser cinquante assiettes sur ciflquante balles, au commandement. Un pari de ce genre a été fait et perdu il y a peu de jours, par M. Carle des Perrières. M. Henri Cartier, le lauréat du grand prix de tir de cette année, est le seul qui, jusqu'à présent, est arrivé âne jamais manquer son assiette. Après lui vient M. Carie des Perrières et le baron de Magressa, titulaire d'une médaille d'argent de première classe. Puisque nous sommes avenue d'Antin, annonçons que, depuis le 1er mai, le concours annuel du tir au commandement est commencé, et sera clos le 31 juillet. On sait que le commandement est donné au métronome, réglé à.cent battements par minute, et que toute balle tirée après le commandement troisl est perdue, et le carton ne peut avoir droit à un prix. La librairie Dentu vient de publier avec un grand luxe le livre célèbre de M. Arsène Houssaye Histoire du qicarante-et-unième fauteuil de l'Académie. Cet ouvrage, on le sait, un des plus réussis de l'auteur, est l'histoire de tous les écrivains de génie, de talent et d'esprit que l'Académie a laissés â sa porte. M. Arsène Houssaye y a ajouté quelques nouvelles biographies, notamment celles de Théophile Gautier, Paul de Saint-Victor, etc. De superbes eauxfortes ornent ce livre, véritable merveille typographique. Il avait été question dernièrement d'un mariage qui aurait uni la famille de M. Martel, ancien président du Sénat, avec la famille de la Guéronnière. Ce bruit était sans fondement, paraît-il, car le comte de la Guéronnière vient d'adresser une lettre dans laquelle il déclare que cette alliance n'a jamais dû se faire. M. le vicomte Treilhard, ancien ministre plénipotentiaire, vient de mourir à l'âge de cinquante-neuf ans, en son domicile, rue du Mont:TÊabor. Le défunt -était le frère du baron Treilhard, ancien conseiller d'Etat sous l'Empire, et fils du comte Treilhard, ministre et législateur sous le règne de Napoléon Ior. Les obsèques auront lieu aujourd'hui, à midi, en l'église Saint-Roch. Nous apprenons la mort du marquis Charles de Maupeou, ancien trésorierpayeur général, qui est décédé hier, en son domicile, 68, rue Saint-Lazare. Le marquis de Maupeou descendait du fameux chancelier de Maupeou. NOUVELLES A LA MAIN Deux joyeux viveurs sont en train de dîner dans un grand restaurant du boulevard et dégustent une bouteille de chambertin. Que dis-tu de ce petit liquide ? dit l'un d'eux en remplissant les verres. Je dis que, si ma nourrice m'avait t offert un pareil lolo, je n'aurais jamai s consenti a être sevré 1 En police correctionnelle Prévenu, qu'avez-vous à dire pour votre défense? Mon président, j'ai â dire que je n'ai pas pris d avocat. J'espère que le tribunal me tiendra compte de ce non procédé. UN DOMIN* REIdCOI~TRE Les rencontres font le charme des voyages. Qui ne connaît cette joie de retrouver soudain, à mille lieues du pays, un Parisien, un camarade de collège, un voisin de campagne ? Qui n'a passé la nuit, les yeux ouverts, dans là petite diligence drelindante des contrées où la vapeur est encore ignorée, à côté d'une jeune femme inconnue, entrevue seulement à la lueur de la lanterne, alors qu'elle montait dans le coupé devant la porte d'une blanche maison de petite ville? Et, le matin venu, quand on a' l'esprit et les oreilles tout engoiirdis du continu tintement des grelots et du fracas éclatant des vitres, quelle charmante sensation de voir la jolie voisine ébouriffée .ouvrir les yeux, examiner son voisin et de lui rendre mille légers services, et d'écouter son histoire.qu elle conte toujours quand on s'y prend bien Et comme il est exquis aussi, le dépit qu'on a de la voir descendre devant la barrière d'une maison de campagne 1 On croit saisir dans ses yeux, quand cette amie de deux heures vous dit adieu pour toujours, un commencement d'émotion, de regret, qui sait ?. Et quel bon souvenir on garde, jusque dans la vieillesse, de ces frêles souvenirs de route I ̃' ̃̃̃̃ S* ̃̃-̃̃-̃ Là-bas, là-bas, tout au bout de la France, il est un pays désert, mais désert comme les solitudes américaines, ignoré des voyageurs, inexploré, séparé du monde par toute une chaîne de montagnes, qui sont elles-mêmes isolées des villes voisines par un grand fleuve, l'Argens, sur lequel aucun pont n'est jeté. Toute cette contrée montueuse est connue sous le nom de « massif des Maures ». Sa vraie capitale est SaintTropez, plantée à l'extrémité de cette terre perdue, au bord du golfe de Grimaud, le plus beau des côtes de France. A peine quelques villages semés de place en place dans toute cette région que la voie de fer évite par un énorme circuit. Deux routes seulement y pénètrent, s'aventurent par ces vallées sans un toit, par ces grandes forêts de pins où pullulent, dit-on, les sangliers. Il faut franchir ces torrents à gué, et on peut marcher des jours entiers dans les ravins et sur les cimes sans apercevoir une masure, un homme ou une bête mais on y foule des fleurs sauvages superbes comme celles des jardins. Et c'est là que je rencontrai la plus singulière et la plus sinistre voyageuse qu'il m'ait été donné de voir. #*# Je l'avais aperçue d'abord sur le pont du petit bâtiment qui va de Saint-Raphaël à Saint-Tropez. Vieille de soixante-dix ans au moins, grande, sèche, anguleuse, avec des cheveux blancs en tire-bouchon sur ses tempes, suivant la mode antique vêtue, comme une Anglaise errante, d'une façon maladroite et drôle elle se tenait debout à l'avant du vapeur, l'oeil fixé sur la côte boisée et sinueuse qui se déroulait à notre droite. Le bâtiment tanguait les vagues, brisées contre son flanc, jetaient des panaches d'écume sur le pont; mais la vieille femme ne se préoccupait pas plus des brusques oscillations du navire que des fusées d'eau salée qui lui sautaient au visage. Elle demeurait immobile, occupée seulement du paysage. Dès que le bateau fut au port, elle descendit, ayant pour tout bagage une simple valise qu'elle portait elle-même. Après une mauvaise nuit dans l'auberge du lieu, intitulée pompeusement « Grand Hôtel Continental », un bruit de trompette me fit courir à ma fenêtre, et je vis détaler au trot de cinq rosses la diligence de Hyères, qui portait sur son impériale la maigre et sévère voyageuse du paquebot. Une heure plus tard, je suivais â pied les bords du golfe magnifique pour aller visiter Grimaud. La route longe la mer, et de l'autre côté de l'eau on aperçoit une ligne onduleuse de hautes montagnes vêtues de forêts de sapins. Les arbres descendent jusqu'au flot, qui mouille une longue plage de sable pâle. Puis l'entrais dans les prairies, je traversai des torrents, je vis fuir de grandes couleuvres, et je gravis un petit mont, l'oeil fixé sur les ruines escarpées d'un ancien château qui se dresse sur cette hauteur, dominant les maisons blotties à son pied. C'est ici le vieux pays des Maures. On retrouve leurs antiques demeures, leurs arcades, leur architecture orientale. Voici encore des constructions gothiques et italiennes le long de rues rapides comme des sentiers de montagne, et sablées de gros cailloux tranchants. Voici presque un champ d'aloës fleuris. Les plantes monstrueuses poussent vers le ciel leur gerbe colossale épanouie à peine deux fois par siècle et qui, selon les poëtes, ces farceurs, éclosent en des coups de tonnerre. Voici, hautes comme des arbres, des végétations étranges, hérissées, pareilles à des serpents, et des palmiers séculaires. Et j'entre dans l'enceinte du vaste château, semblable à un chaos de rocs éboulés. Tout à coup, sous mes pieds, s'ouvre un étroit escalier qui s'enfonce sous terre; j'y descends et je pénètre bientôt dans une espèce de citerne, dans un lieu sombre et voûté, avec de l'eau claire et f lacée, là-bas, au fond, dans un creux u sol. Mais quelqu'un se dresse, recule devant moi, et, dans les demi-ténèbres de ce puits, je reconnais la grande femme aperçue la veille et le matin. Puis quelque chose de blanc semble passer sur sa face, et j'entends comme un sanglot. Elle pleurait, là, toute seule. Et soudain elle me parla, honteuse d'avoir été surprise.̃̃; >. Oui, monsieur, je pleure. cela?M m'arrive pas souvent; c'est peut-être ce trou qui m'a fait cela, r ̃*̃•. Fort ému, je la voulus consoler, avec' des mots vagues, des banalités, quelconques. ̃•̃• ̃̃.• N'essayez pas, dit-elle = il .n'y. a. plus rien à faire pour moi je suis comme un chien perdu. Et elle me conta son histoire, brusquement, comme pour jeter à quelqu'un l'écho de son malheur, J'ai été heureuse, monsieur,, et j'ai,; très loin d'ici, une maison; mais, je n'y, veux plus retourner, tant cela me déchire le cœur. Et j'ai un fils il est aux Indes. Si je le voyais, je' ne le reconnaîtrais pas. Je l'ai a peine vu, dans toute ma vie; à peine assez pour me souvenir de sa figure, pas vingt fois depuis son âge de six ans. » A six ans, on me le prit on le mit en pension. Il ne fut plus à moi. Il venait deux fois l'an; et, chaque fois* 3e métonnais des changements de saperspnne, de le retrouver plus grand sans Ravoir, vu grandir. On m'a volé son. enfance et toutes ces joies de voir croître ces petits êtres sortis de nous. » A chacune de ses visites, son corps, son regard, ses mouvements, sa voix, son rire n'étaient plus les mêmes, n'étaient plus les miens. Wne année il eut de la barbe, je fus stupéfaite et triste. J'osais à peine l'embrasser. Etait-ce bien mon fils, mon petit blondin frisé d'autrefois, mon cher, cher enfant que j'avais bercé sur mes genoux, ce grand garçon brun qui m'appelait gravement « ma mère D et qui ne semblait m'aimer que par devoir ? 1 j Mon mari mourut; puis ce fut le tour de mes parents; puis je perdis mes deux sœurs. Quand la mort entre dans une famille, on dirait qu'elle se dépêche de faire le plus de besogne possible, pour n'avoir pas à y revenir de longtemps. » Je restai seule. Mon grand fils faisait son droit à Paris. J'espérais vivre et mourir près de lui je partis pour demeurer ensemble. Mais il avait des habitudes de jeune homme je le gênais. Je revins chez moi. » Puis il se maria. Je me crus sauvée. Ma belle-fille me prit en haine. Je me retrouvai seule encore une fois. Or, comme les beaux-parents de mon fils habitaient les Indes, et comme sa femme fait de lui ce. qu'elle veut, ils l'ont. tous décidé à s'en aller là-bas, chez eux. Ils l'ont, ils l'ont pour eux ils me l'ont encore volé. Il m'écrit tous les deux mois; il est venu me voir il y a maintenant huit ans il avait la figure ridée et des cheveux tout blancs. Etait-ce possible.1? `! ce vieil homme, mon fils? Mon petit enfant d'autrefois ? Sans doute je ne le reverrai plus. • » Et je voyage toute l'année. Je vais à droite, à gauche, comme vous voyez, sans personne avec moi. » Je suis comme un chien perdu. Adieu,, monsieur, ne restez pas près de moi; ça me fait mal de vous avoir dit tout cela. '̃ Et comme je redescendais la colline, m'étant retourné, j'aperçus la vieille femme debout sur une muraille croulante, regardant le golfe, la grande mer au loin, les montagnes sombres et la. longue vallée. Et le vent agitait comme un drapeau le bas de sa robe et le petit châle étrange qu'elle portait sur ses mai-* gres épaules. GUY DE IYIAUPASSANT PETITE BOURSE DU SOIR C DIX. H..E.URBS, ;•• ,;( 3 0/0. 83 60. • ̃' 5 0/0 116 47. 42, S3. 4R.V Turc 13 15. Italien: 90 20.15,37. Egypte 356 87, 35ï>; 62, 357 50u Banque ottomane 813,811,313.. • Extérieure 27 29/32,7/8. Actions Rio 640, 635, 640. A L'ACADÉMIE RÉCEPTION BÉ M. CHIMMEZ, Hier le romancier mondain, a d Cl être1 récompensé en partie de ses. tràvaiix, Le monde et le beau monde accourait a1 la séance de réception. ? Et lorsque le « portez armes t » de l'officier de piquet a retenti et qv^ rev§tu de son uniforme vert, le noqrvel acadérmicien a pénétré dans l'enceinte réser-< véeaux immortels, M. Cheriquliez n'a point dû éprouver. une émotion trop' pénible. Il a sans doute, s,'àr premier1 coup d'ceil, compris que la rfonle élégante qui l'attendait était composée do ses lecteurs favoris et surtout de ses chères lectrices. > M. Cherbuliez prend place entre ses deux parrains MM. Jules Sandeau et t Gaston Boissier. Le bureau était composé de MM. Renan, directeur; Maxime Du Camp, chancelier, et Camille Doucet, secrétaire per pétuel. L'Institut est presque au complet. On ` sait que M. de Freycinet est retenudans ° sa chambre parune indisposition légère. Par suite, le ministre des affaires étrangères, qui devait siéger pour la première fois en séance publique, est absent, et tous le regrettent vivement. Citons, complètement au hasard, parmi les assistants: Mmes la duchesse de Leuchtenberg, princesse de Metternich, princesse Troubetzkoï, comtesse de Pourtalès, comtesse de Breteuil, comtesse de la Salle, de Lamartine, Mmes Camille Doucet et sa fille, Mine René Brice, Guizot, Gustave Simoa, Buloz, Clapisson, Bizet, Mlle Turquet, Mme E. de Cyon, Mmes Arsène et Henry Houssaye, Goblet, comtesse de Canisy, etc. MM. le duc d'Aumale, de'Lesseps, Caro, de J^pogli.e,. Perrin, Jules Simon, du Sommerard, de Vieil-Castel, Daru, Daloz, Barboux, bâtonnier de l'ordre des avocats; de la Salle, G. Guizot, Sully Prudhomme, Haret, Abraham Dreyfus, Albert Gigot, de Larcy, Chérer, Duval, etc. Dans l'assistance, la famille de M. Cherbuliez, à laquelle sont venus se joindra des parents et amis arrivés de Genève pour assister à la solennité. '̃ v 'V' /̃' A deux heures, M. Cherbuliez commence son discours. Il prononce l'éloge de M. Dufaure, qu'il remplace. L'orateur exprime tout d'abord son inquiétude d'avoir, lui, homme de lettres, à remplacer, à l'Académie, un maître du barreau et de la tribune. Puis il trace le portrait de M. Dufaure: On se plaint qu'aujourd'hui l'originalité des esprits et des caractères s'en va, que les figures sont rares. A force de rouler, les cailloux perdent leurs angles, et, grâce aux révolutions comme aux chemins de fer, nous roulons beaucoup. M. Dufaure, au témoignage de ses ennemis aussi bien que de ses amis, était une des figures de ce temps. Nous devons l'en remercier, jusqu'au bout il a conservé soigneusement ses angles, ne les ayant sacrifiés ni aux exigences du monde, dont il faisait peu de çîts, ni à celles de son intérêt, qui lui était moins cher que l'amitié de sa conscience. A travers toutes les vicissitudes de sa vie, il n'a jamais cessé d'être lui-même. Je laisse à d'autres le soin de raconter en détail son histoire. Puissê-je réussir seulement à ébaucher son portrait, et puisse cette ébauche paraître ressemblant*» à ceux qui l'ont beaucoup pratiqué La, un petit incident assez fréquent dans les séances publiques de l'Académie. Une dame, placée dans le centre, s'évanouit. On l'emporte. Ce léger événement ouvre presque le feu delà bonne humeur. La suite du discours est interrompu à chaque instant par les applaudisse ments. M. Cherbuliez fait ensuite une comparaison fort piquante entre le Gascon et le Saintongeais Entre voisins on se raille, c'est la loi de la nature. Les Gascons, ces gens heureux, au cerveau fertile, à la langue déliée, à qui Qe manque jamais ni l'idée ni le mot, aiment à gloser sur le compte des Saintongeais. Vous vous rappelez tous le propos • de Henri IV à son jardinier, qui se plaignait que rien ne venait à bien sur laterre ingrate de. Fontainebleau « Sèmes-y des Gascons, lui dit le roi, ils poussent partout. » Les Saintongeais ne poussent pas partout et ne poussent pas sans peine. Moins fortunés que les Gascons, il en est beausoup pour qui vivre est un travail, pour qui parler est un effort ou un art qui s'apprend. Leurs voisins du Midi les plaisantent sur la lenteur de leurs idées, sur leurs hésitations, sur leur prudence cauteleuse, sur la défiance où ils sont d'euxmêmes et des autres. Messieurs, l'indiscrétion est le plus utile de tous les défauts mais, grâce à Dieu, ce ne sont pas seulement les indiscrets qui réussisent dans ce monde. Si les Saintongeais ont de la peine à trouver leur idée, quand ils la tiennent ils vont jusqu'au bout d<j leur volonté. Dans ces natures concentrées couvent parfois d'énergiques passions, ils ne l'ont que trop prouvé dans le temps des guerres religieuses, et ces indé> cis, une fois fixés et d'aplomb, ne reculent pas devant les entreprises. Ne fournissentils pas à la France une race de pilotes héroïquement dévoués, qui se font un jeu de sauver au hasard de leur vie un navire en péril ? Il n'en est pas moins vrai que la réflexion est pour eux un article de première nécessité, et réfléchir, c'est peser le pour et le contre. Ah qu,un Gascon a plutôt fait de prendre son parti. Tandis que ce hardi compagnon jette la plume au vent, le Saintongeais rumine le cas, et, quoi qu'on lui propose, il secoue la tête en disant « Peut-être que l'occasion s'en présentera. Mais sa réserve lui vient autant de sa fierté que de ses doutes sur luimême il ne se communique qu'autant qu'il lui plaît. Cependant le Saintongeais a la passion de l'qrdre et de l'égalité. On n'adore pas la République dans la Charente-In térieure, mais on y a les moeurs répu blicaines. M. Dufaure aimait la Saintbnge et « par ses habitudes réfléchies, par les perplexités qui préparaient ses résolutions, par sa réserve, par sa redoutable ironie, aussi bien que par son naturel peu souple et par les fortes étreintes de sa volonté, il était un vrai Saintongeais. » L orateur décrit en termes poétiques le logis demeuré, de père en fils, pendant des siècles, la propriété de la famille Dufaure, C'est le logis de Vizelle, près de la route de Cozes, à Sàujon, à quelques kilomètres de l'Océan. Un des aïeux dé M. Dufaure fut conseiller au Parlement de Paris. Un autre, officier du génie, mourut au champ d'honneur. Son père avait servi dans la marine royale et, s'étant retiré, devint un bon bourgeois campagnard. Mais ce père avait beaucoup lu, beaucoup conversé avec les grands écrivains. La Révolution était venue, et il avait « senti passer sur sa tête comme le souffle d'une espérance ». Le père rêva pour son fils de hautes destinées et s'imposa d'immenses privations. L'enfant fut envoyé au collège de Vendôme. D'année en année, poursuit l'orateur, il y croissait en sagesse. Son père disait de lui « Dans toute sa vie il ne m'a pas donné un seul chagrin. » C'était aller trop loin étant tout petit, il lui avait causé une mortelle inquiétude; pendant toute une matinée, il avait disparu. On le cherchait partout, on l'appelait à grands cris. Il y avait sans doute un puits dans le jardin quand les enfants disparaissent, c'est toujours dans les puits que les mères vont regarder. On commençait à désespérer, quand quelqu'un, entrant dans un grenier, y découvrit le fagitif, tranquillement assis parmi des paperasses jaunies, étalées autour de lui. C'étaient de vieux comptes de douane, qu'il déchiffrait et dévorait de grand appétit. Et voilà les miracles qu'obère ^amoùr naissant des dossiers Plus tard, àVendôme, il causa à son père un autre genre d'inquiétude. Ce père très ambitieux voulait que son fils eut toutes les perfections, que, sans se relâcher de ses études, il donnât quelques heures aux arts d'agrément et surtout à la danse. Messieurs, cet aveu me coûte, votre confrère ne put jamais apprendre à danser. (Rires et bravos.) Plus tard, le père de M. Dufaure voulait le faire entrer dans une étude, mais le fils ne trouvait pas d'emploi, « comme si on ne trouvait pas toujours un avoué quand on le veut bien. Que ce mensonge lui soit pardonné Il a si peu menti dans sa vie 1 » fttt ç|fâie temps, dit M. Gherbuliezâ il f«I présentait à son père, chapeau bas, que l'étude de Racine est plus profitable à qui se destine à plaider que la meilleure étude d'avoué. Son bon sens lui avait fait reconnaître l'utilité de l'inutile, et qu'en matière d'éducation il est faux que la ligne droite soit le chemin le plus court. Par un de ces contrastes dont je parlais en commençant, ce rude jouteur eut toujours une prédilection pour les génies harmonieux et doux. Il préférait Racine à Corneille, comme à tout autre musique celle de Mozart et de Haydn. J'ajoute qu'il fut toute sa vie idolâtre de Mme de Sévigné, D, ce qui donnait lieu à des querelles de famille. Nourri de Montesquieu, il avait puisé dans les grands écrivains du dix-huitième siècle les principes de sa foi politique et les générosités de son esprit; mais il faut remonter plus haut pour trouver les modèles et les patrons sur lesquels il avait formé son style oratoire. M. Dufaure adorait les classiques. Il fit même un doigt de cour à la muse; elle lui dictait de petits vers dont il émaillait la prose de ses lettres. Il devina bien vite que, le droit comprenant tout, il fallait tout comprendre. Et l'amour du travail le fit se lever à quatre heures du matin. Peu de gens imitaient cette vertu. C'était un de ses griefs contre son siècle que de le voir se coucher à l'heure où luimême se levait. Il en concevait quelque humeur, et se plaignait d'un ton chagrin que les salons et le boulevard perdent la France. M. Cherbuliez passe ensuite en revue les qualités de l'avocat chez M. Dufaure, phraseur, déclamateur, lorsqu'il était encore avocat à Bordeaux, il rappelait le mot que M. Villemain lui avait dit un jour à Charlemagne « Vous avez de l'emphase, mon ami. Ne vous gênez pas, l'emphase est un bon commencement pour un jeune homme. » Oh qu'il l'a Bien dégorgée depuis Plus tard, ces qualités perfectionnées firent de M. Dufaure, au barreau de Paris, l'un des plus remarquables. Personne ne savait comme lui dépouiller un dossier, y démêler d'un coup d'œil les pièces principales, et en extraire la moelle, se pénétrer d'une affaire jusqu'à se l'incorporer, sans la grossir et sans jamais souffrir qu'on la diminuât. Puis, à l'audience, il circonscrivait avec soin le débat dans ses limites naturelles, en écartait les horsd'œuvre, les bagatelles et les broussailles expliquait sa cause de telle sorte que, l'exposer, c'était l'avoir discutée; s'acheminait vers le point de la question sans se presser, mais d'un pas sûr et comme fatal; s'installait victorieusement au cœur de la place comme dans un lieu fort, qu'on hértsse de bastions pour le rendre imprenable et d'où l'on fait des sorties, meurtrières sur l'assiégeant. Au surplus, mépriser tous les petits moyens, les voies obliques, les amplifications inutiles, les grâces postiches, puiser tous ses arguments dans les entrailles du sujet, porter dans la discussion cette chaleur d'âme sans laquelle on ne fait rien de grand, mais subordonner toujours l'émotion à la puissance du raisonnement et d'un bon sens orné de sa seule clarté, enfin, à l'instant décisif, frapper un de ces grands coups qui déconcertent l'adversaire, qui forcent les convictions et font courir dans l'âme d'un juge le frisson de l'évidence, tel était le procédé de M. Dufaure. A propos de l'homme politique, 5 M. Cherbuliez rappelle cette phrase de M. Thiers « II y a deux choses qui rendent difficile l'exercice du pouvoir c'est, au dehors, la malveillance de l'Angleterre, et, au dedans, lUiostilitédeDalaure. » C'est que ce conservateur avait l'amour des réformes utiles et la haine des intrigues, qui les retardent. C'est que cet homme de droiture antique poussait jusqu'à la passion le goût du correct, et que les meilleurs gouvernements ont des incorrections à se reprocher. C'est que ce talent fier était impatient de toutes les servitudes, qu'il ne se laissait pas lier à un parti, encore moins à un homme, et que sonlibéralisme, aussi tenace qu'ombrageux se méfiait du pouvoir personnel sous toutes ses formes, même la plus inoffensive. Après l'avocat, après l'homme politique, M. Cherbuliez parle de l'homme dans la vie privée et termine par cette péroraison Cependant la terrible ouvrière qui l'avait pris à partie poursuivait sourdement son travail; déjà la mort lui faisait sentir ses approches. Il avait dit à sa fille Il me semble que je me dégage de plus en plus de moi-même. » Enfin, quelques heures avant de se reposer dans l'éternel silence, recevant les adieux d'un de ses anciens confrères, devénu bâtonnier, dont il estimait le caractère et le talent, il prononça d'une voix encore ferme ces mots si humbles et si touchants « Je vous remercie d'avance du témoignage que vous me rendrez après ma mort, et qui sera toujours au-dessus des mérites d'un homme secondaire tel que moi. » Ah messieurs, vous ne consentirez iamais à prendre à la lettre cette parole d'un mourant, et, quand vous y consentiriez, puisse la France avoir souvent pour serviteurs des hommes secondaires de cette taille, de cette éloquence et de cette vertu • ,̃ **# Après ce discours, dont nous avons renoncé à signaler les bravos tant ils étaient nombreux, M. Renan répond au nouvel académicien. L'orateur déclare que l'Académie savait très bien ce qu'elle faisait en choisissant le littérateur pour remplacer l'orateur. Elle savait que cette mémoire respectée recevrait de son successeur l'éloge le plus complet. M. Renan aborde ensuite la question politique: Qu'on le prenne pour un signe d'élection ou pour un signe de réprobation, la France est condamnée à ne dormir jamais du sommeil tranquille de la médiocrité satisfaite. Deux mondes luttent dans son sein. Même en ses heures d'assoupissement, elle a les tremblements convulsifs qui décèlent dans les profondeurs de l'organisme un travail mystérieux L'humanité s'arrêterait si tous y voyaient trop clair. Aux huit béatitudes de l'Evangile,je suis quelquefois tenté d'en ajouter une neuvième c Heureux les aveugles, car seuls ils ne doutent de rien » La France n'avait pas lu M. de Maistre; VP-SW n'est jamais très fort en histoire! et d ailleurs beaucoup de maximes politiques devenues maintenant évidentes n'étaient pas claires alors. La suite constituÎ7Q9 n!e' qui, de Hugues Capet au 10 août 1 •V^fAs?blt pas d'interruption durable, avait été depuis vingt-cinq ans deux fois renversée; mais on pouvait croire que la fil £ta3Î flûie tous les compromis, toutes les substitutions semblaient possibles. De là une quiétude qui nous étonne Chaque secousse paraissait la dernière on proclamait avec un profond sérieux la naïve prétention de fermer l'ère des révolutions. On ne la fermait pas le moins du monde: au contraire, on prenait son parti de l'incorrection, on s'habituait à l'instabilité. Les habitants des flancs du Vésuve sa vent bien que le volcan se réveillera; mais d'ici là que de belles heures Quelles vendanges Quelles moissons Et puis la coulée de lave marche lentement! Avant qu'elle arrive, on a le temps de fuir. Que peut faire l'honnête homme en présence d'une situation générale qu'il n'a point amenée, dont il voit les inconvénients, mais qu'il n'a pas le pouvoir de modifier ? M. Dufaure nous a donné à ce sujet d'excellents exemples. Après chaque révolution, quelque chose durait pour lui c'était la France. Il continuait de servir la France et de chercher pour elle ce que sa raison lui présentait comme le meilleur. La bonne gestion des affaires était à ses yeux un intérêt supérieur à la politique proprement dite. Erreur, si vous voulez; mais erreur nécessaire Après avoir rendu hommage à l'esprit de conciliation de M. Dufaure entre les idées anciennes et les revendications nouvelles, après avoir fait ressortir le mérite de ceux qui vont joyeusement au-devant des missions qu'il faudrait accepter avec tristesse et où l'on est assuré d'avance de succomber, M. Renan passe à M. Cherbuliez. L'orateur rappelle le voyage à Athènes accompli par le nouvel académicien en 18S9, l'inspiration qu'il puisa aux sources de l'antiquité, et son premier volume Un Cheval de Phidias. Ce fut M. de Sainte-Beuve, poursuit l'orateur, qui me fit connaître votre livre. Peu de jours après la première édition genevoise « Lisez Victor Cherbuliez, me dit-il, c'est un des nôtres. » Voyez comme il était prophète. Si ce maître illustre vivait encore, ce que la mesure ordinaire de la vie humaine permettrait, vous auriez eu un suffrage de plus; et quel suffrage Un autre jugement, qui valait celui-là, fut celui de Mme Sand. Votre livre l'enchanta sans vous en prévenir, elle écrivit au directeur de la Revue des DeuxMondes ce qu'elle pensait de l'auteur. Telle fut l'origine de vos rapports avec un homme que j'ai aussi beaucoup connu aux débuts de ma vie littéraire, et que nous jugeons exactement de la même manière. Comme vous, j'aL gardé de lui un excellent souvenir. Chacun vaut en proportion de l'œuvre à laquelle il consacre sa vie. M. Buloz n'avait en vue que le succès de son recueil; jamais rien ni personne ne le fit dévier de ce but unique. Il connaissait son public. Libre aux orgueilleux de la littérature de soutenir qu'il n'est pas utile à un écrivain d'avoir devant lui un homme qui représente à lui seul le public tout entier.
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A German’s View on Islam – worth reading.
Hard to argue with this:
‘History lessons are often incredibly simple and blunt, yet for all our powers of reason, We often miss the most basic and uncomplicated of points: peace-loving Muslims Have been made irrelevant by their silence. Peace-loving Muslims will become our Enemy if they don’t speak up, because like my friend from Germany, they will awaken one day and find that the fanatics own them, and the end of their world Will have begun.’ ‘Peace-loving Germans, Japanese, Chinese, Russians, Rwandans, Serbs, Afghans, Iraqis, Palestinians, Somalis, Nigerians, Algerians, and many others have died because the peaceful majority did not speak up until it was too late.’
Henry Sapiecha
These-17-Strange-Cults-SIGN IMAGE
Cults, or “New Religious Groups” as Sociologists prefer to call them now, have been around since the dawn of time. They start as splinter groups or small ideal-based sects that often have radical beliefs and practices. Some of these religions grow so large that they eventually become recognized as mainstream religion. What makes the modern iterations of these cults so terrifying is their ability to suck in the most reasonable and intelligent of people, and their reach often extends to your friends and family.
Many celebrities were or are currently in cults: Michelle Pfeiffer was a member of an obscure breatharian cult that believed you didn’t need to eat or drink to live and that you could get your sustenance from the sun. It wasn’t until her actor boyfriend at the time Peter Horton got a role acting in a movie about the followers of Reverend Moon of the Unification church that she realized she herself was in such an organization.
Indoctrination and brainwashing are part of what makes cults so influential on educated and rational people, but it’s what these cults do in their rituals and customs that makes them a threat worthy of a good scary movie. Let’s take a look at some of the craziest cults in America.
1. Branch Davidians
Branch-Davidians sign image
David Koresh was an outspoken member of the Seventh Day Adventists until he was expelled for his radical views. He thought that he was the messiah and all women were his spiritual wives. Following his split with the Seventh Day Adventists Koresh fled, to the now infamous Waco Texas, to establish their center of worship.
They lived on a large compound and stockpiled weapons and armor for the eventual end of the world, which they believed was drawing near based on Koresh’s visions. Their leader was speaking the word of god according to them, and they surrendered themselves wholly to him. Koresh ended up marrying many of the church members wives and children; many of them were very young.
Reports of the Branch Davidian’s hoarding of weaponry and child abuse finally spurred the newly appointed Attorney General Janet Reno to take action. In 1993, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms attempted to raid the compound. The raid ended in a disastrous withdrawal and 4 dead ATF agents along with 7 dead Branch Davidians. The ATF then engaged in a 51 day siege of the compound that culminated in tanks injecting tear gas into the buildings of the compound and a massive fire that killed 77 Branch Davidians including Koresh.
2. The Manson Family
The-Manson-Family black & white image
Charles Manson founded a bizarre cult around concepts he stole from Scientology, Satanism, and any other fringe religion that suited his motives. Though they practiced rituals in some form or other, they were largely focused on a prophesy Manson envisioned while listening to the Beatles song “Helter Skelter.”
Manson believed there was an impending race war between African-Americans and all other races. He believed African-Americans would win this war but following this be unable to govern their new society. The Manson “Family,” as they referred to themselves, planned to hide out during the war and emerge afterward to become the leaders of the victorious African-American race.
The Manson Family compound was, appropriately, in Death Valley. Manson ordered his followers to go to Los Angeles and murder nine influential people to frame African-Americans and ignite his prophesied race war. Coffee heiress Abigail Folger and Sharon Tate, the pregnant wife of Hollywood director Roman Polanski, were gruesomely murdered with Tate’s unborn child being cut out of her.
The murders enraged and horrified the entire country and Manson and his followers were quickly arrested. Manson was sentenced to life in prison, and most recently was engaged to be married. However, his bride to be apparently confessed to only marrying him to gain possession of his corpse following his death to use as a tourist attraction. Manson believes this a foolish idea, because he believes himself to be immortal.
3. Heaven’s Gate
Heavens-Gate cult symbol image
The book of revelations details the end of the world, it speaks of the signs and harbingers that lead to our fiery end. In chapter 11 verse 3, it specifies that there will be two witnesses to God’s eventual damnation. Marshall Applewhite, the eventual leader of Heaven’s Gate, had a heart attack in the early 1970’s and had a vision that he and his nurse, Bonnie Nettles, were these two witnesses.
Applewhite believed he was a direct descendent of Jesus, he merged Christian beliefs about salvation and the end of the world with more modern theories of evolution and even time travel. The end result of this quasi-Christian doctrine was the belief that the world was ending sometime near the second millennium.
Applewhite and Nettles referred to themselves as Bo and Peep, and cultivated a following of members to believe in their version of the end of days. In 1997, Applegate used the appearance of the Hale-Bopp comet to spread the idea that a space ship was following behind the comet to take all of their faithful members to heaven.
To achieve the ultimate ascension the group donned matching outfits with matching white Nike’s, and all 39 members drank poison while covered in ceremonial purple shrouds awaiting their heavenly transport.
4. Peoples Temple
Peoples-Temple jones the mad man image
As with many of the cults on this list, Jim Jones started with beliefs bastardized from a more mainstream religion, in this case Pentecostal dogma. Jim Jones’ preaching style appealed to the masses and he became an instant hit from the 1950’s to the 1970’s, particularly among the African- American community, due to his progressive stance on racial equality. By the mid 70’s Jones’ evangelical preaching had gained a following all along the west coast, which had granted him a certain level of political clout.
In 1977, Jones relocated his congregation to “The Commune” in Guyana. The cult rose the hackles of the political elite by moving to a communist nation. Congressman Leo Ryan flew to Guyana to meet with Jones in person, and just before the congressman boarded the plane to return to the US Jones’s followers shot and killed him. Knowing retribution would follow, Jones decided to go out in spectacular fashion and convinced over 900 of his closest followers (some at gunpoint) to commit suicide by poison.
5. Scientology
Scientology sign on building image
Think the people that make the pilgrimage to Comic-Con in San Diego every year and dress up in costume are a little obsessed? Well, Scientology was founded by one of the early writers of the Science Fiction Genre: L Ron Hubbard and his followers are among the most mysterious and obsessed fanatics in the world.
Supposedly, the founder of the religion was drinking in a bar with fellow author Robert A. Heinlein and the latter bet Hubbard that he couldn’t start his own religion. Well, Hubbard won the bet and is quoted as saying “if a man really wants to make a million dollars, the best way would be to start his own religion.” Despite all this, Scientology remains one of the largest cults in existence and its members are unerring in their devotion.
Scientology bases its primary tenants on a “science” called Dianetics that Hubbard developed as an alternative to modern psychology. Its members are encouraged to sign over most of their earnings to the church where they progress up many levels, only learning certain truths about the universe as they level up. The basic story, according to its ostracised former members, is that the universe was created by a race called Thetans and the life force of the universe can be manipulated by church elders to make them all think more clearly. The highest echelon members learn of Xenu, a maniacal tyrant who rules the Galactic Confederacy and will reign terror on all of creation. Tom Cruise maintains, along with several nations, that Scientology is a legitimate religion.
6. Unification Church
Thousands of newlyweds attend a mass wedding ceremony of the Unification Church at Cheongshim Peace World Centre in Gapyeong, about 60 km (37 miles) northeast of Seoul February 17, 2013. The Unification Church founded by evangelist reverend Moon Sun-myung in Seoul in 1954, performed its first mass wedding in 1961 with 33 couples. Approximately 3,500 couples attended the mass wedding on Sunday. REUTERS/Kim Hong-Ji (SOUTH KOREA - Tags: SOCIETY RELIGION TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) ORG XMIT: SEO206
An offshoot of Presbyterian Christianity, Sun Myung Moon founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity. The North Korean national fled to the United States following an imprisonment in a North Korean prison camp, and started his cult believing that Christ had not completed his mission on earth of having “perfect children.”
Moon told his followers that only he could choose their mates, becoming infamous for his mass wedding ceremonies. Eventually renaming his cult the Unification Church, Moon moved to New York and became a very successful businessman, but parents of his new recruits became suspicious and began filing lawsuits claiming he was brainwashing their children.
Finally in 1982, Moon was convicted of tax evasion and went to prison for a short time. The Unification Church continues today, Moon was even crowned the Messiah at a Senate office building in Washington D.C. in 2003. Moon died in 2010, but his Unification Church continues to be run by his children.
7. Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh
Bhagwan-Shree-Rajneesh cult image
A non-traditional Hindu mystic and guru, Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh became as famous for his indulgences as he was for his fanatical cult. At one time, Rajneesh owned 93 Rolls Royces, the largest collection in the world, and he advocated for a lavish lifestyle of sex and debauchery. The rise of AIDS in the 80s put a stop to those practices, but the cult continued after establishing a community called Rajneeshpuram in Oregon.
A controversy started when the community attempted to add votes to their population by busing in homeless people to “share houses” in order to influence the local elections. When this resulted in dissent among its members they turned to more radical methods. They launched the first ever bioterrorism attack in the U.S. poisoning the members of the town of Dalles, Oregon with Salmonella to limit the number of voters going to the polls. Rajneesh was deported from the US and exiled until his death in 1990, however, his teachings still continue to inspire followers across the globe.
8. Children of God
Children-of-God cult members image
Founded by David “Moses” Berg in the late 1960’s, this cult gained followers after Berg moved into seclusion in Texas where he wrote prolifically about his beliefs. Espousing himself as a devout Christian, Berg advocated for the damnation of what he called “moral decay,” which for him included belief in evolution, mainstream religion, western capitalism, the Jewish people, and the criminalization of sex with children.
Berg even encouraged his followers to recruit new members by using flirtatious sex acts and called it “Flirty Fishing.” Joaquin Phoenix and Rose McGowan were raised in the cult and both have spoken out about the atrocities that occurred in the cult including beatings, isolation, and exorcisms. Berg died in 1994, but his teachings continue on with his wife and her concubine that Berg hand picked for her now leading the church.
9. Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
Latter-Day-Saints cult members image
A splinter group from another arguably cultish religion, The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was led by infamous criminal and current federal inmate Warren Jeffs. FLDS separated from the Church of Latter Day Saints in the early 20th century due to a conflict over the practice of polygamy. FLDS members practice multi-partner marriages wholeheartedly and the LDS Church denounces the practice formally.
Warren Jeffs came under scrutiny by the FBI when he evaded charges in Utah by fleeing. He was accused of arranging marriages between his male followers and underage girls as well as participating in rape. He made the FBI Ten Most Wanted List in 2006 and has been in and out of prison since then.
10. Raȅlism
Raelism sect cult image
Founded in 1974, by Claude Vorilhon this cult could be featured on the History Channel show “Ancient Aliens.” The followers of Claude Vorilhon formed a worldwide cult, now named Raȅl, and believe that life on Earth was scientifically created by a species of Aliens named the Elohim.
Raȅlians believe that when these extraterrestrial forefathers visited us in early times they disguised themselves deliberately to resemble humans claiming to be angels who led us through each age. According to Raȅl, Jesus, Buddha, Moses, Muhammad, and Joseph Smith and others throughout history have been messengers of the Elohim.
Their doctrine describes the Garden of Eden as a large laboratory on an artificial island, Noah’s Ark as a spaceship with genetic information to clone animals, the Tower of Babel was a rocket, and the Great Flood as a byproduct of a nuclear bomb. Raȅlians currently number over 70 thousand and are apparently halfway to their 20 million dollar fundraising goal to build a landing site and embassy for extraterrestrials. Oh and they also claim to have cloned a woman.
11. Creativity Movement
Creativity Movement cult sign image
A new age all white religion, the Creativity Movement was founded by Ben Klassen in 1973 to promote above all else: that what is good for the white race is the highest virtue, what is bad for the white race is ultimate sin.
The church’s main enemy is the Jewish race and they actively plot ways to further their goal of populating the earth solely with white people. They have been accused and convicted of several terrible acts including the shooting spree in 1999 undertaken by church member Benjamin Nathaniel Smith who killed 2 people and injured 9 others all of ethnic backgrounds. Smith then killed himself and today is celebrated by the Creativity Movement as a soldier of god.
12. Chen Tao [The ho ho ho television prophet]
Old grungy Vintage TV with clipping path over a white background
Old grungy Vintage TV with clipping path over a white background
This cult famously predicted that at 12:01 am on March 31st, 1998 God would be seen all across North America (their version of a holy land) on every TV on channel 18. They moved all their 160 plus members to Garland, Texas in preparation for the event, reportedly because the name of the town sounded kind of like God-Land.
The community became restless when 20 homes suddenly were snapped up by a group of people all wearing the same clothes and claiming to have two children who were the reincarnated souls of Jesus and Buddha. When the fateful moment came and nothing happened their leader, Hon-Ming Chen, a former university professor volunteered to be stoned to death or crucified. The members of the cult rather sheepishly shrugged off the event and left their leader alive while simultaneously returning to their old lives.
13. KKK
KKK klan cult image
The Ku Klux Klan was started in the 1860’s by a group of ex-Confederate soldiers and was originally a social club that focused on campaigning against carpetbaggers; entrepreneurs from the North that these southern men saw as a threat. However, due to their frightening costumes and military bearings they caused quite the commotion in town when congregating and they soon took advantage of this to terrorize the African-American community.
They preyed upon the collective southern fear that the freed slaves would eventually revolt and kill their former white masters. The original iteration of the cult lost power soon and was largely gone by the late 1800’s. The Klan was revitalized in the 1920’s and began a reign of terrorism that continues to this day, resulting in racial tension and thousands of deaths.
At their core, they espouse Christian ideals but their undeniable brutality mocks the typical religious devotion. It is estimated that at one time the KKK had nearly 4 million members and today it has more groups in existence than at any other time in its history. The KKK is believed to be responsible for between 8 thousand and 10 thousand deaths.
14. The Church Universal
original file name 8_25_03.tif from Tom Miller's CD "fractual enlargement. ver #28" RGB
original file name 8_25_03.tif from Tom Miller’s CD
“fractual enlargement. ver #28” RGB
This cult, originally called the Summit Lighthouse was founded by Mark Prophet and his wife Elizabeth Prophet. The group believes that the leaders communicate with “Ascended Masters,” or spirits of saints, and wise men from other religions and the past.
The group hit some hiccups in the 80’s and 90’s during the cold war, because they began hoarding weapons and building fallout shelters. Families of the members kidnaped them back from the clutches of the cult and reconditioned them to normal life, resulting in stories of severe punishment and isolation. Summit Lighthouse lost much of its following in the wake of the death of its founders, but it continues to this day to evangelize traditions from almost every major religion.
15. Fellowship of Friends
Fellowship of Friends cult members image
This “Church” located in California wine country is home to a large winery and art museum. Its central tenets include an extremely strict set of rules that its followers must abide by. The list of rules includes what to eat and wear and how much to sleep. No swimming, no joking, and definitely no smoking.
They live in fear of an armageddon that has been predicted by their founder Robert Earl Burton who claims to be an angel and has been accused multiple times of child sexual abuse of little boys. Members are expected to either work for pennies in the church’s businesses or sign over the majority of their salaries to the church itself.
16. The Remnant Fellowship
Remnant-Church cult image
There’s no doubt this cult is very strange. Its founder Gwen Shamblin is a dietitian and promoter of certain weight loss self-help methods. When she noticed that many of her clients were gaining back weight they had lost, she searched for another answer because she couldn’t accept that it was her teaching that had been at fault.
She turned to the bible, specifically the Book of Ezra chapter 9, versus 8 and 9, that describe a “faithful remnant” that believe in the literal truths of scripture. She saw the people gaining weight as a sign that they believed, and because they had been saved they had a license to sin(eat). The bizarre twisting of weight loss and theology has led this church to grow from its founding in 1999 to having over a hundred “centers” throughout the world now.
17. The Movement for the Restoration of the 10 Commandments
10-Commandments cult image
This cult was founded by a prostitute named Credonia Mwerinde after she had several religious visions involving the Virgin Mary. The group followed the 10 commandments so strictly that they refused to talk to avoid bearing false witness.
Mwerinde prophesied that the world would end on January 1st, 2000 and when the day passed uneventfully its members’ faith was shaken. To avoid a mass exodus from the church, the leaders predicted another doomsday on March 17th that year. To celebrate the reckoning, they threw a party for all their members. Then they blew them all up. It was found that many of the victims had been poisoned, shot, or strangled before the explosion. A church that brought about its own end.
Whether you know it or not cults hide in plain site. The combined members of the cults mentioned in this article number above 5 million members, so chances are you know someone connected at least remotely to one of these insidious and manipulative organizations.
Henry Sapiecha
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Category:Villages in Nilphamari District
Wikimedia category
Category:Villages in Nilphamari District instance of Wikimedia category
Category:Villages in Nilphamari District category combines topics village
Category:Villages in Nilphamari District category combines topics Nilphamari District
বিষয়শ্রেণী:নীলফামারী জেলার গ্রাম
উইকিমিডিয়া বিষয়শ্রেণী
বিষয়শ্রেণী:নীলফামারী জেলার গ্রাম নিদর্শন উইকিমিডিয়া বিষয়শ্রেণী
বিষয়শ্রেণী:নীলফামারী জেলার গ্রাম বিষয়শ্রেণীর প্রসঙ্গসমূহ গ্রাম
বিষয়শ্রেণী:নীলফামারী জেলার গ্রাম বিষয়শ্রেণীর প্রসঙ্গসমূহ নীলফামারী জেলা
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You are here
We all must answer for our choices
Saturday, April 14, 2018
The reason most Christians do not deem homosexuality acceptable is that they believe the body is the temple of God. Sinning against your own body desecrates God’s temple so it is a sin against God Himself.
Most Trinbagonians are afraid of us becoming like the USA and other countries of the world not so much because their practice of homosexuality is protected but because any oppositional belief is rabidly assaulted.
Here already we are hearing that if you don’t accept homosexuality you are on the side of hate, you are discriminating, you are driving children to suicide.
Life is all about choices. But it is also about answering for those choices. I have chosen to make God my Lord and thus I choose to serve His will above everything else. Those who have chosen differently will likewise have to answer for their choices.
What most people take exception to is being asked to endorse another man’s choice that runs counter to their own beliefs.
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UFC 196: Was It Worth It?
Touted as a night of two ninjas and top-tier females squaring off, UFC 196, from the exclusive Fight Pass prelims to the main event, parlayed more precisely as pairs of warriors geared up to exit the UFC’s Octagon either with their shield or on it. The UFC’s recent pay-per-view delivered an evening of entertainment that reminded fans to keep their guards up.
Photo credit to Google Images
Is This America?
A fight involving Conor McGregor is synonymous with green, white, and orange, so it should come as no surprise to catch wind of McGregor’s fanbase flooding the MGM Grand Garden Arena draped in the symbol of their national hero. Aware of McGregor’s rabid following, I was unclear as to why the arena remained so empty, even at the event’s onset, and my pessimism grabbed ahold:
My answer met my Twitter’s feed, yet my comprehension on the matter lingered in a confused state:
Personally, I’m fond of witnessing countries exhibit pride for their athletes, and I wish more Americans would jump on board to mimic this behavior. Once claim tickets were passed out and the swath of Irish flags filled the MGM’s broom closet, the seats filled up with warm, passionate bodies.
Wardrobe Malfunctions
Nordine Taleb, a competitor from The Ultimate Fighter Nations: Canada vs. Australia, entered UFC 196 toned to detail each muscular fiber of his welterweight frame, but his Reebok apparel defied logic. At first, I assumed his shorts were unintentionally tangled, creating a parachute appearance:
Minute after minute, the shorts never settled into the form fitting flow promised by Reebok’s President at the inception of its deal with the UFC, and others shared their thoughts on the matter:
Riding in the painful wake of Reebok’s malfunctioning spellchecker, it wouldn’t shock me in the least to learn that Taleb manipulated his Canadian Fight Kit to preserve the dignity of his sole fight-week sponsor from any further backlash,
No matter Taleb’s attire issues, the only thing more crumpled up at the end of the contest was his opponent, Erick Silva, departing from his consciousness after a devastating right hand.
Fun With Nicknames
Often, nicknames carry a lighthearted air to the world’s most intense sport, and “Filthy” Tom Lawlor and Corey “Beastin’ 25/8” Anderson cracked the window to allow a humorous breeze into their heated competition.
Possessing an alter ego such as Anderson’s, it’s difficult to recall the best time to throw a comment out there, but, with The Persistence of Memory, the middle of the second round offered the perfect juncture to share my perspective on the moniker owned by The Ultimate Fighter Season 19 winner:
Lawlor, tired of the cut to middleweight and successful in his last outing at light heavyweight, attempted his luck again in the division suited to his comfort level. Although some may lose a bit of their power at a higher weight class, Lawlor still packed a vicious pop in his punches,
The scorecards announced Anderson as the victor, but he’d agree, all day long and then some, with those who argued about the two judges who awarded him 30-27, verifying how filthy their glasses must have been.
Another mixed martial artist with a nickname that pinches me awake: Diego “Nightmare” Sanchez. Win or lose, The Ultimate Fighter season 1 winner bites down on his mouthpiece and instigates a dogfight, inciting pleasure and appreciation from spectators.
Sure enough, the second Sanchez tasted Jim Miller’s leather, the cheers rained down from the stands as the Albuquerque product aggressively unleashed haymakers, tossing technique aside for an all out brawl.
Too bad for a regulated amount of time because Sanchez was well on his way to warming up by the final round’s buzzer, and he collected the unanimous decision win.
Co Main Event: Miesha Tate vs. Holly Holm
All the buzz surrounding the main event of UFC 196 nearly muted a complex duel for the women’s 135 pound title between the challenger, Miesha Tate, and the champion, Holly Holm.
The volume was cranked up loud and clear when “Big” John McCarthy signaled for action. Round after round, time raced off the clock as these bantamweights exchanged efforts, and the end results were as sweet for Tate as the icing on any cupcake. Without a governing tally of the rounds’ scores, it was anyone’s game walking into the fifth and final round, but the chances of Tate receiving the nod were unlikely; it’s not often a challenger overtakes the champion via the assistance of outside sources.
In a last ditch effort, Tate sprang into the torso of Holm and, with pure desperation, yanked “The Preacher’s Daughter” to the ground. Instinctually, Tate clawed her way up the champ’s back toward her neck, locked in a rear naked choke, and radiated desperation as she squeezed with all her might. Holm put forth a futile effort to shake Tate off, to no avail:
Main Event: Nate Diaz vs. Conor McGregor
In only eleven days, I was more revved up than expected for a fight with implications of pride, not belts. The bravado of the Diaz brothers, unrivaled by most others in MMA, enchants fans, and McGregor’s prophetic words captivate audiences near and wide. Question marks coinciding with preparation, weight, and reach encompassed much of the pundits’ debate when analyzing this grudge match.
The war of words originated upon the fight’s announcement, and the jawing continued right up until the final instructions preceding the opening bell:
In spite of Diaz and McGregor walking around near the same weight, I was intrigued to note how McGregor would fair two weight classes above the reading on his championship belt. Round one divulged the size difference would unveil the biggest loser because shots McGregor landed on Diaz had flattened previous competition, but Diaz marched forward. Since joining the ranks of the UFC, McGregor has called his shot and, more often than not, executed; therefore, at the close of the opening round, I sensed the pendulum swaying in Diaz’s direction:
Round two restarted the dance; McGregor appeared to be landing more shots, but Diaz, noticeably bloody and swollen, persisted as if unfazed. Soon enough, it was telling that the reach of Diaz greatly factored into this chess match. Diaz was able to land combinations on McGregor who had grown accustomed to standing outside the pocket of his former adversaries. When Diaz smiled following a flush left hand, the tides quickly turned. A stunned McGregor became the prey he claimed Diaz to be, and he was ripped to the ground and pounded while mounted. Attempting to avoid danger, McGregor turned his back to Diaz, which simultaneously welcomed his demise. Diaz sank in a rear naked choke and mandated McGregor’s submission.
Was UFC 196 worth it? YES!
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Pinochet, historical fiction, and us
An article on advised authors of alternate history novels to bring their stories up to the present day. Author Terry Bisson advises, “If you don’t bring your alternative history up to the reader’s present, then you leave out half the fun.” I don’t believe this is necessary. The past itself offers relevant lessons for the present.
The Dictator’s Shadow: Life Under Augusto Pinochet by Heraldo Muñoz is one of the books I read as I was writing Doria. I recently finished rereading it when the following quote caught my attention.
Looking back, we can see that Pinochet was partly our own creation. The polarization of Chilean society, the unrealistic demands of the left for radical change from a government elected by a plurality, the ideologization and inflexibility of a formerly pragmatic political center, and the reaction of an uncompromising right that opposed change and defended its privileges — all contributed to the breakdown of Chilean democracy and the emergence of Pinochet.
Isn’t this the political situation we have now in the United States? President Obama is attacked as viciously by the left for not being liberal enough as he is from the right for being too liberal. We have a widening gap between rich and poor; the left and right; the urban, suburban, and rural. The same issues that plague us today were plaguing Chile forty years ago. If we don’t think that what happened to Chile would happen to us, remember that Chileans considered their own society civil, stable, and based on the rule of law.
This is the type of insight that historical fiction and alternate history can give us. They show us how we got where we are, and how we can avoid the same mistakes we made in the past. The best historical fiction and alternate history can be as relevant as if they happened today. All those “if the Nazis won World War II” books can give us insight into the current situation in Europe — with Germany and France taking the lead in trying to save the European economy. All those “if the South won the Civil War” books can help us understand the political divisions in our country today.
What can Pinochet and Chile teach us? In Doria, I wanted to show the importance of people overcoming their divisions to save themselves from disaster. One of my characters tells his political enemy, “I would like to think that our love for our country is greater than our hatred of each other.” By pulling together, they are able to rebuild their country and face an even greater enemy.
So, it isn’t necessary to bring historical fiction or alternate history to the present time. Any good book, no matter what time it is set, gives us something insight into our world and our lives.
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Production Team
Executive Producer
David Haneke
Word: Energized
Sentence: "I'm a gentle, tenacious bulldog for my clients, taking their dream that may initially seem impossible to communicate - and making it reality."
In a paragraph: "I love bringing ideas to life with my clients - then partnering with the best creative team on earth to produce the project. We produce creative ideas for our clients that take on different formats: live event management, video production, fund raisers and motivational videos for sales meetings. The greatest reward is receiving a rave review about how we moved an audience to action, how we changed a perception, increased revenue, set the tone or got the exact response that our client needed. It's exciting to have this flexiblity in communicating ideas!"
Event Producer
Tracy Garrity
Word: Connected
Sentence: "Connected to the best partners in the industry, cultivated through almost thirty years of production experience world-wide. And to the world's best clients! This is a Rolodex industry. I'll put mine up against anyone's."
Paragraph: "Tracy Garrity creates and stages unique live corporate events all over the world. Blend in your team, your goals, your objectives and your dynamic, and the final product becomes a unique, memorable brand experience. From Strategic Development through Flawless Execution we will work with you to create a vibe, craft your message and inspire your audience. On time, on target and under budget."
Video Producer
Ginger Stephens
Word: Pumped-up! (the dash makes it one word ha!)
Sentence: "Determined to create a fantastic and effective video and have a great time doing it. Or your money back."
Paragraph: "Communication is the key to life - try not talking for a couple of days... Using imagery, light, words, sound and anything else we need - I love to mold elements into an illuminating message that impacts everyone watching. Why just produce a video when you can create an experience? And let's have FUN doing it."
Technical Director
Chris Murray
Word: Prepared
Sentence: "With preparation comes success"
Paragraph: "I believe the difference between a good Conference and a Great one is the preparation. There are always going to be surprises onsite, but with good pre-planning and organization, many disasters can be diverted well before arriving onsite. As Technical Director/Stage Manager, and in the business for over 25 years, I have learned that just showing up onsite without the proper preparation is a huge mistake. I spend several days coordinating equipment and Labor for each event, making diagrams to be sure everything fits, reviewing the agenda and cross referencing the equipment. This is why many of my clients comment on how calm I am onsite."
Creative Director, Writer, and Producer
Larry Hartstein
Word: Original
Sentence: "I'm a renaissance man, a writer, composer, lyricist, concept person and producer which works out well when you can only afford one of the above."
Paragraph: "What excites me is finding entertaining ways to deliver the message. I've developed an eye for character and an ear for dialogue from being a staff writer for sitcoms like "Full House". I know how to write speeches that praise people's accomplishments without getting goopy from writing star-studded spectaculars like "Live Aid" and "The Golden Karma Awards". And I've created heart-stopping, tear-jerking, goosebump-making, laugh-til-you-hurt corporate shows for crowds from 200 to 20,000. The best projects are always collaborative ones, the ones where the client, who knows their product and service better than we do, participates in the production while letting the team of experts bring their own style and substance to the party."
Gordon Murray
Word: Amiable
Sentence: "When you love your job, it shows."
Paragraph: "My mission is to help host your guests, and to immortalize your hard work. This may take the form of carefully posed and lit couples photos, fast and efficient group or awards photos, or a custom gift that commemorates your time together. It really is the little things that make a big difference - like a smile, sharing a laugh, or lending a hand to help ladies up and down the stage stairs. As a former Event Producer, I understand the importance of creating a positive experience for the guests - while staying on-schedule and on-budget."
Motion Graphics and Video Editor
Kirby Koppes
Word: Flexible
Sentence: "I work with motion graphics to make ideas come to life."
Paragraph: "I provide fresh eyes on editing. My strength is in motion graphics, matching musical and rhythmical cues, with a high level of flexiblility, and I'm pretty dang fast from years of on site, deadline driven experience!
blog comments powered by Disqus
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dclm_baseline
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Q:
Percorrer DOM inteiro com jQuery
Como fazer para percorrer todo o DOM e achar um determinado elemento em jQuery?
Quero, ao clicar na li de classe="home", abrir a div de classe="submenu".
<body class="home">
<!-- Header -->
<div class="wrap-header">
<div class="row">
<div class="area-logo-responsive hide-for-large-up small-12 medium-12 columns">
<a href="index.php/home"><h1><img src="img/theme/logo-responsive.png" title="Openweb " alt="Openweb " /></h1></a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Row do Menu e do Logo -->
<div class="row">
<div class="large-3 columns show-for-large-up">
<div class="area-logo">
<a href="index.php/home"><h1><img src="img/theme/logo-openweb.png" title="Openweb " alt="Openweb " /></h1></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="small-12 medium-12 large-9 columns">
<div class="area-menu hide-for-medium-only hide-for-small-only">
<ul class="menu">
<li menu="home" class="home"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Produtos e Serviços</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Central do Cliente</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Sobre a Openweb</a></li>
<li class="last"><a href="#">Contato</a></li>
<li class="login"><span class="lock"></span><a href="#">Login</a>
<div class="wrap-login show-for-large-up">
<div class="area-login">
<?php include('include-area-login.php'); ?>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="area-menu-response hide-for-large-up">
<button class="btn-home">Produtos e Serviços</button>
<button class="btn-more">Menu <span>▽</span></button>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="menu-hided-left">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Hospedagem de Sites</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Servidores Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Facilitta Mail Marketing</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Google Adwords</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Instalação de Blog</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="menu-hided">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li class="btn-submenu" ><a href="javascript:void(0);">Central do Cliente +</a>
<ul class="mais-submenu">
<li><a href="#">item 1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">item 2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">item 3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">item 4</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="btn-submenu"><a href="javascript:void(0);">Sobre a Openweb +</a>
<ul class="mais-submenu">
<li><a href="#">item 1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">item 2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">item 3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">item 4</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#">Contato</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Login</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- Fecha Row da Header -->
</div><!-- Fecha Wrap-Header -->
<!-- Wrap-Drop Menu Header -->
<div class="wrap-menu">
<div class="row">
<div class="submenu show-for-large-up large-12 columns">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Hospedagem de Sites</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Servidores Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Facilitta Mail Marketing</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Google Adwords</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Instalação de Blog</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><!-- Fecha Row do Menu-->
</div><!-- Fecha Wrap Menu -->
A:
Para sua necessidade eu faria assim:
<li menu="home" class="home" data-target="submenu"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
Note o atributo data. A partir daí:
$(".home").on("click", function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var elem = "." + $(this).data("target");
$(elem).show();
}
Esclarecimentos auxiliares
Você pode selecionar diretamente elementos em jQuery.
Através do ID
Para elementos que tenham id="nome-do-id" você pode usar $("#nome-do-id") para selecionar o elemento
Através da classe
Para elementos que tenham class="nome-da-classe" você pode usar $(".nome-da-classe") para selecionar o elemento
Boas práticas
Sempre use cache quando for iterar em elementos. Para selecionar e navegar em um conjunto de DIV com a mesma classe, faça:
var $cache = $(".classe-das-divs");
$cache.each = function() {
var elem = $(this); // Referência do elemento atual
}
Note que usei $cache ao invés de $($cache). Isso ocorre porque $cache já é um "objeto jQuery".
A:
Com base nesse comentário você tem à sua disposição os métodos de Traversing em particular jQuery.parent() e jQuery.find():
$( '#element' ).click( function() {
$( this ).parent().find( 'p' );
});
Nesse pseudo-código, a partir do elemento identificado por element navegamos para seu pai imediato (o primeiro) e nele buscamos os parágrafos.
Outras possibilidades seria usar, jQuery.next() ou jQuery.nextAll() que basicamente fazem o mesmo, porém sem a necessidade de ir para trás primeiro o que é mais performático em HTML bem delineados.
No entanto, evite ao máximo navegar pelo DOM, principalmente em HTMLs grandes. se você sabe o seletor que vai ser aberto/fechado, use-o.
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mini_pile
|
{'original_id': 'eb9385f6b440c11d045d1ad9970533efc6f5c919c2af90f1f5b36ffec888a812'}
|
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Aliyun.Acs.Core.Transform;
using Aliyun.Acs.Smartag.Model.V20180313;
namespace Aliyun.Acs.Smartag.Transform.V20180313
{
public class DescribeSagHaResponseUnmarshaller
{
public static DescribeSagHaResponse Unmarshall(UnmarshallerContext context)
{
DescribeSagHaResponse describeSagHaResponse = new DescribeSagHaResponse();
describeSagHaResponse.HttpResponse = context.HttpResponse;
describeSagHaResponse.RequestId = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.RequestId");
describeSagHaResponse.Mode = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.Mode");
List<DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_Port> describeSagHaResponse_ports = new List<DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_Port>();
for (int i = 0; i < context.Length("DescribeSagHa.Ports.Length"); i++) {
DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_Port port = new DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_Port();
port.PortName = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.Ports["+ i +"].PortName");
port.VirtualIp = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.Ports["+ i +"].VirtualIp");
describeSagHaResponse_ports.Add(port);
}
describeSagHaResponse.Ports = describeSagHaResponse_ports;
List<DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_TaskState> describeSagHaResponse_taskStates = new List<DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_TaskState>();
for (int i = 0; i < context.Length("DescribeSagHa.TaskStates.Length"); i++) {
DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_TaskState taskState = new DescribeSagHaResponse.DescribeSagHa_TaskState();
taskState.State = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.TaskStates["+ i +"].State");
taskState.ErrorCode = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.TaskStates["+ i +"].ErrorCode");
taskState.ErrorMessage = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.TaskStates["+ i +"].ErrorMessage");
taskState.CreateTime = context.StringValue("DescribeSagHa.TaskStates["+ i +"].CreateTime");
describeSagHaResponse_taskStates.Add(taskState);
}
describeSagHaResponse.TaskStates = describeSagHaResponse_taskStates;
return describeSagHaResponse;
}
}
}
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common_corpus
|
{'identifier': 'https://github.com/awei1688/aliyun-openapi-net-sdk/blob/master/aliyun-net-sdk-smartag/Smartag/Transform/V20180313/DescribeSagHaResponseUnmarshaller.cs', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'Apache-2.0', 'date': '2022.0', 'title': 'aliyun-openapi-net-sdk', 'creator': 'awei1688', 'language': 'C#', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '250', 'token_count': '891', '__index_level_0__': '8489', 'original_id': '80d56861fd592fcbe127010ebf3285bcf00664d580505a234ae8e6926e5210fd'}
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The Odds of Winning in Poker
There are a number of different ways to win in poker. You can hit a “nuts” hand by hitting two of the five cards in the hole, which are from the same suit. Or you can try to make a backdoor flush by hitting the last two cards of the board – the turn and river. This strategy is particularly useful when you are in a statistical lead. In any case, it’s always a good idea to learn the odds of achieving certain results in poker before starting.
The basic idea behind poker is that players compete against each other by comparing hands of cards. The highest-ranking hand wins. Each player is dealt five cards, and each has one of those five cards. The best hand wins the pot – the player with the highest-ranking hand. A typical game is played with around six to eight players, and the cards are ranked from Ace high to King. Some variants add a joker to the deck.
In traditional poker, players compete for the highest-value hand. This hand is the most valuable, and can win the player’s bet. Besides maximizing their odds of winning, a strong poker hand can be worth millions of dollars. If you have a strong hand, you can also bluff. You can bet on a hand that you’re not really confident in – but then again, the other players will have to match your bet in order to win.
In a typical game of poker, players put money into the pot voluntarily. In other words, they don’t “blind off” unless they’re trying to bluff other players. However, they use psychology and game theory to decide what to do with their cards. Depending on your skill level and your luck, you can end up making a bad decision by betting the big blind. You can always raise the pot if your hand is weak, but you’re better off folding a preflop or going all in on an Ace.
In poker, betting is a vital part of the game. A player must make an ante, which is a small contribution to the pot, and then bet into the pot. When all players have bet, the player with the highest-ranking hand wins the pot. If no one has raised or folded before your turn, the pot is split equally among all the players. This process continues until all players have folded, and the highest-value hand wins.
The number of players in a poker game varies from four to eight. For example, if there are more than seven players, it’s better to supply them with poker chips, rather than handouts. Poker chips come in three basic colors: blue, red, and white. Each of the three colors represents different values. The lowest-value chip is white, and the highest-ranking hand wins the pot. The player who makes the best hand wins the pot is said to be the active player.
If the dealer blunders in a round, he will be required to return the card he blundered. This is called a “redealt flop” and occurs when the dealer flubbed a card prematurely. The other players are then required to make a bid if the opening hand is lower than the dealer’s. Depending on how high the hand is, the winning player may choose to call the redealt flop and lose their hand.
During the betting phase, the player who opened the pot must prove that they are the correct person to win. This is true even if the player has a face-down hand or has a flopped hand. In some cases, the player may be able to withdraw their bets before the draw and keep their ante money. Otherwise, the player can continue to play until the pot is opened legally. A player may also be able to retrieve a discarded hand.
The best hand in poker is called a “straight flush,” which consists of five cards of the same rank, one pair, and an ace. The ace can be high or low, but cannot wrap around the K-A-2-3-4. A royal flush is a straight flush with an ace. These hands can win the pot. There are a number of different hands in poker, and the best hand in the game is a straight flush.
There are different variations of poker, but the two main games are stud, draw, and community card games. Friendly poker tables usually let the dealer choose the type of game. More structured tournaments usually specify the game format. In these cases, the wild card might cause you to be at a disadvantage. But don’t be too discouraged, as poker is an excellent way to get a good start. With so many variations of poker, you should find something that suits you and your budget.
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dclm_baseline
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Skip to main content
Don't Anger Your Taiwanese Wife or ... Face the Consequences!
Are Taiwanese women submissive and passive, innocent and cute, as some people suggest? The following story, although extreme, seems to prove the opposite.
As Apple Daily reported, on Chinese New Year a man surnamed Liu went with his wife to visit her family in the southern part of Taiwan. On February 21st, while the couple were returning to their home in Taichung, they had a quarrel. The man decided to stop at a service station in Gukeng, a township in Yunlin County, to try to ease up the atmosphere a bit.
But his wife was so furious that she took his money, wallet and phone, and just left. "Find a way to go back home, if you can!" she reportedly said as she drove off the service station, leaving her dumbfounded husband alone and penniless.
Without his money and mobile phone, Mr Liu could neither pay for a taxi nor call friends or relatives to help him. Nevertheless, he asked the staff of the service station to call him a cab. He explained to the driver what had happened and asked him to take him to the nearest police station.
At Yongguang police station Mr Liu told the officers his story and borrowed from them money so that he could return home. Jian Liangguang (簡良光), the head of the police station, gave him 1000 TWD (around 30 euros) out of his own pocket.
20 days later, Mr Liu's wife called the police station and asked for their address, promising that her husband would soon repay his debt. Mr Liu did, in fact, send 1000 TWD by registered mail to the policemen who had saved him from his wife's little prank.
Obviously, this story does not tell us what Taiwanese women are like. This is just one episode in the lives of 23 inhabitants of this island. However, my personal observations tell me that similar angry reactions - albeit less extreme - happen quite frequently in Taiwan. They are not just considered a normal part of a couple's relationship; they are an actual habit, a kind of test which many women need in order to prove to themselves that their position as girlfriends/wives is safe and solid. As long as a man accepts a woman's whims - so the logic goes - he is a good boyfriend or husband, and he truly deserves her.
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PHRA SOMDEJThere are 4 products.
Somdej Phra Puttajarn Toh Phrom-rangsri or Somdej Toh. He's a son of King Rama II and Nang Ngud of Kamphaengphet Province. He was born before his father became King. Somdej Toh ordained as a novice monk at an age of 13 and become a monk at 21. Well-versed in Buddhist teachings, he was named Maha Toh, the King's monk. In the reign of King Rama IV, he was made Abbot of Wat Rakang-kositaram. He was promoted continuously and finally received the title of Somdej Phra Puttajarn Toh in 1872.
The venurable monk was known to be a good speaker as well as a highly intelligent and compassionate person. He was also persistent and patient. He made many Buddha images for temples and most particularly 73 models of Phra Somdej. He also built many temples. At present PhraSomdej WatRakhang is number 1 and the most famous of all Thailand amulets.
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Candidates stress levy very important
Wednesday
Aurora -- How the Board of Education handles future decisions dealing with the schools will depend on whether voters pass a 6-mill combined levy Nov. 6.
On that same day, voters will choose two people to make those future decisions. Four hopefuls have filed for two open seats.
Ann Morrison, John Sloe, Rick Nelson and Maureen McKenzie all hope to be on board to make those difficult decisions.
Morrison is serving her eighth year on the Board and Sloe began serving in September after former member Mike Frigo resigned because he and his family moved to the Chicago area for job-related reasons.
All four of the candidates have been preparing for the election by talking to residents either at coffees or just when they run into them around town.
Western Reserve Television Cable 9 has been airing a dialogue with the candidates, and the League of Women Voters of Northern Portage County recently sponsored a forum at Harmon School.
All four candidates expressed confidence in themselves to do a good job. They also expressed confidence in the other candidates, and said each have a valued interest in seeing the schools make the right decisions.
The levy is the issue that dominates the candidates' minds heading into the election.
"Future issues all hinge on the levy," said McKenzie, a Four Seasons resident who has degree in medical technology. "If it passes, there will be a lot of changes for the good. It will bring excitement, but also chances for glitches.
"THE GROWTH and expansion in our schools will be a very positive thing. The levy will provide plenty of classrooms and additional teachers to keep class sizes small, plus the student-teacher ratio at a very nice percentage."
Nelson, a Lakes of Aurora resident and a physician at Robinson Memorial Hospital, also said passing the levy will be a good thing for all of Aurora.
"Passage means improved school infrastructure that will benefit the entire community and continued enhancement of the educational programs throughout all grades," he said. "That's what makes Aurora schools special."
Sloe, a Duneden resident and certified public accountant, called the levy "the single biggest issue."
"The reason is because we are at or near capacity in all our schools," he added. "We truly need to expand our facilities."
Morrison, a Geauga Lake area resident and a pre-kindergarten teacher, explained if the levy passes, it would take 16 months to add the additional needed space. In that time, it is still possible for the schools to add classroom trailers if they go over capacity.
"However, once the expansions are complete, the buildings will be good for the next 25 years and we can concentrate on academics," Morrison said.
"Right now, we are 17th in the state in academics. I don't see any reason why we can't improve on that and have every student pass their proficiency tests."
If the levy doesn't pass, it creates a whole new direction the schools must take and a whole new slew of problems.
"There would be huge changes," said Morrison. "If I had to guess now, we'd think about eliminating the ID swipe program and all day kindergarten.
"We might institute a 1-mile walk zone [instead of busing], but we won't make children cross the highways" she said. "We might have to charge to participate in athletics and other extracurricular activities. No new textbooks, no new athletic uniforms."
Superintendent Russ Bennett has said if the levy doesn't pass, some $850,000 in cuts will have to be made by the start of next school year.
Nelson agreed with Morrison, saying all non-core extracurricular programs would be up for reduction or elimination.
"SALARIES and benefits are a large percentage of the operating budget, so reduction in staffing levels also would have to be considered," he said.
Nelson went on to explain he is not in favor of the 1-mile walk zone.
"It's to help reduce fuel and transportation costs, but it's ill-conceived as our schools are located on major routes," he said.
"To ask our students to cross these busy streets in the absence of crossing zones, traffic lights and crossing guards does not make much sense."
Sloe said he doesn't want to see any cuts, but the Board already has put together a contingency plan in case there needs to be eliminations.
"The biggest drawback if the levy isn't passed is we begin to stress the system," he said. "We'll have up to an additional 500 students in the next few years, with less teachers and more students to each classroom.
"Whenever you stress something, things break down at an execrated rate."
McKenzie added, "It's hard to project exactly where the cuts would be. Talking to Board members, I think they've gone through great lengths to look at the other side of the coin.
"The first cuts would have to come from areas that don't impact the core curriculum or affect a student's ability to learn.
"It makes sense to trim away at the edges before you cut into the middle," she added.
Who makes those decisions and the difficulty of those decisions will be decided Nov. 6.
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mini_pile
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How to save hundreds of billions in health costs?
How to save hundreds of billions in health costs?
In Paris late last year, the countries of the world pledged to reduce emissions to keep global warming “well below a 2 degree Celsius” rise in global average temperatures compared with preindustrial levels.
As an advanced economy, the US is expected to lead in making the required emissions reductions, which would be roughly 80 percent by midcentury compared with 2005. This would entail moving a large portion of US power generation off fossil fuels and shifting the majority of our vehicles to electric power. That’s a tall order.
Most existing energy policies focus on the nearer term, and as yet there is no roadmap to achieve this 2°C limit – or even less aggressive targets for emissions cuts in the next 15 years.
Part of the difficulty in turning our pledges into tangible actions is creating enough motivation to drive a wholesale transformation of our energy and transportation systems. Global climate change is typically perceived as a problem that’s mostly in the distant future and worse in other parts of the world, so is not prioritized relative to whatever pressing issues are dominating current political discourse.
In essence, many people believe climate change mitigation policies require a change in our lifestyle and paying costs now for benefits that predominantly go to people living elsewhere and in future generations. Understandably, this is not at the top of the agenda for most voters.
But focusing on the immediate health benefits of moving to cleaner energy has the potential to change the way people view climate change. In a study published this week, we found that slashing emissions from transportation and power generation would prevent about 175,000 early deaths caused by air pollution in the US by 2030.
We also concluded that the health benefits would be valued at US$250 billion per year, likely more than the cost of changing the energy system.
Air pollution
To explore this issue of public perception and climate change, we examined the broad impacts of highly ambitious US clean energy and transportation policies that would be consistent with the 2°C target.
These policies provide climate benefits, with US vehicle emissions reductions leading to about 0.03°C less global warming in 2030 (0.15°C in 2100) and energy emissions leading to 0.05°-0.07°C less warming (about 0.25°C in 2100). Though seemingly modest, these are significant considering that they stem from emissions cuts in only a single sector in a single nation. The bulk of these benefits are indeed felt elsewhere and many decades in the future.
However, the policies also greatly reduce damaging air pollution at home, as much of that comes from vehicles, power plants and industrial energy production. And medical studies show unequivocally that inhaled air pollution leads to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Just seven years ago, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that poor air quality killed around three million per year, but we now know it is the leading environmental cause of premature death worldwide, claiming around eight million victims annually, with 3.7 million deaths from outdoor air pollution.
In our study, we found that clean energy policies in the US could prevent about 175,000 premature deaths by 2030, with about 22,000 fewer annually thereafter. Clean transportation could prevent about 120,000 premature deaths by 2030 and about 14,000 annually thereafter.
Importantly, these benefits are realized almost immediately and largely within the US We then put a dollar value on these benefits based on economic analyses that reveal how much society is willing to pay to decrease the risk of premature death, for example through occupational safety or health care.
These near-term national health benefits have a monetary value of about US$250 billion per year between now and 2030. These benefits alone likely exceed the costs of the transition to clean power generation and transportation.
Adding in the monetary value of the longer-term, worldwide climate impacts, such as damages to infrastructure, agriculture and human health, benefits roughly quintuple, becoming between five and 10 times larger than the estimated implementation costs.
Emissions from burning fossil fuels cause both climate change and air pollution, which is why the benefits are worth so much. Climate pollutants lead to more smog in polluted areas, expanded ranges of tropical diseases, more intense storms and sea-level rise, among other damages.
The WHO estimates the death toll due to climate change already exceeds 150,000 per year worldwide. Air pollution is more deadly still. Even in a country like the US with relatively clean air, it kills about 130,000 annually and sends another roughly 330,000 to the hospital for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases or nonfatal heart attacks.
The huge damages caused by emissions from fossil fuel burning mean that reducing our reliance on fossil fuels can have enormous benefits.
Cost to society
By not including environmental impacts in the economy, we are leaving out the most efficient way to create incentives to decrease pollution. Instead, we are passing the bill on to society at large. We are effectively subsidizing an extremely profitable industry and, in doing so, are paying for it with our own ill health.
Our calculations are not the only ones finding such large damages from so-called environmental externalities attributable to burning fossil fuels. The International Monetary Fund reported last year that fossil fuels were subsidized at a rate of about $10 million per minute worldwide, largely due to their unaccounted impacts on local pollution and global warming. Hence, the true costs of fossil fuels are far higher than their market prices.
Putting a dollar value on these impacts is crucial because even when thousands of deaths are involved, society undervalues chronic, widespread problems. Instead we typically focus on sudden, local events even if their impacts are much smaller.
For example, during the last 11 years, faulty General Motors ignition switches have been linked to about 20 deaths. This led to a recall of millions of vehicles, massive media attention and a congressional hearing. Yet air pollution from the vehicles GM produced during those same years caused about 40,000 deaths.
There isn’t as neat a line from cause to effect as there is with the ignition switches, so we fail to perceive the far greater damages, forgetting that many “routine” deaths from heart attacks and respiratory diseases are actually caused by air pollution.
Our work demonstrates that the benefits of clean energy and transportation policies in the US are so large that these policies are in our own national interest even without considering the effects of climate change over the long term. Including the full picture, the benefits far outweigh the costs considering society as a whole.
By: Drew Shindell
(Courtesy: Down To Earth; Writer is Professor of Climate Sciences, Duke University. This article is originally published in The Conversation)
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Google Sheets isn't quite as capable as its counterpart from Microsoft, but Mountain View's preferred spreadsheet platform just got a bit more powerful with an update today. Should you choose to opt-in to the new Sheets, you'll be able to take advantage of several new features and the new version's faster performance. Among the highlight feature additions are the ability to create and edit spreadsheets offline (assuming you've set up offline GDrive access), and a Filter Views feature that lets users customize their view of a collaborative workbook without changing the way that same spreadsheet is seen by other users. Plus, there's now inline access to improved help articles and other tweaks like the ability to assign different colors to sheet tabs.
We got to spend a bit of time using the new Sheets before today, and we can say, unequivocally, that the performance improvements are as advertised. Where the old Sheets would get bogged down scrolling through massive data sets, the new version does it as smoothly and easily as when using Microsoft Excel. Furthermore, the addition of sheet tab colors turned out to be more useful than we first thought -- the differing hues made it much easier to find specific sheets within larger workbooks. Don't believe us? Opt in, friend, and see for yourself.
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Guides & Hints
for creating a top notch project
What to Include Into a Mental Health Nursing Dissertation Conclusion
As soon as you are done writing the main portion of your mental health nursing dissertation, which includes the methods, discussion, and results, you’re next step is write your conclusion. The section will have to include several elements, such as: a summary, a synthesis, implications, predictions, and recommendations. Unlike a conclusion for a shorter research paper, a conclusion for a nursing degree dissertation can be several paragraphs long. Here is a detailed description of everything the elements that need to be included:
• Summary
Never introduce any new ideas; the main goal of a conclusion is to sum everything you have already written about in the main portion of your document. Summarize the main points of each of the major sections and provide a sense of closure or completeness in how you restate everything. There are different techniques for establishing a sense of completeness, including relating back to the introduction or providing a parallel in structure.
• Synthesis
Your synthesis is important because it efficiently and effectively shows the relationships between your main ideas and the supporting evidence, thus explaining to the reader who you have succeeded in defending your hypothesis or thesis statement. Don’t assume your reader will understand everything you have covered so use your synthesis paragraphs to ensure your ideas are clear.
• Implications
You should write a paragraph or two on the implications of your nursing dissertation. So what does this mean? You have worked very hard to push the envelope in some area of study within your discipline. Perhaps you provided answers to questions that no has ever asked before, or you provided a new perspective for dealing with a research problem in your field. Whatever your contribution might be you should always state what the implications of your research are.
• Predictions
Immediately after the implications paragraphs you should write about what you expect will be the next logical step for your studies. Will other researchers take them a step further? Will someone write a rebuttal or conduct studies attempting to denounce your findings. Make predictions built upon what you have been able to achieve academically on a personal level and for the discipline as a whole.
• Recommendations
This might not be required in your field, so it is important that you check with your advisor before you commit too much time writing recommendations. There is, however, absolutely no harm in the inclusion of what actions you think other researchers should take to develop your ideas and findings even further. The paragraph need not be more than a few sentences long, but if you can save yourself from the time in having to come up with ideas then go ahead and avoid the section altogether.
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Gold prices meander after ECB’s reluctant statement
Amid further, but by now routine, delays and more negotiations among its political leaders, the situation in Greece showed no concrete signs of coming to a conclusion just yet, despite the optimism manifest in certain currency, equity and commodity markets on Tuesday. To wit, the euro traded near $1.329 (a two-month high) while European stocks posted gains despite some unsettling economic metrics coming out of Germany.
Gold and crude oil enjoyed a very good trading session on Tuesday as speculators threw money at both markets with an amount of generosity that was clearly lacking on, say, last Friday. This morning, however, the going got a bit tougher after the euro exhibited a bit of “fade” in the wake of a reluctant-to-dole-out-money kind of statement coming from the European Central Bank.
A package intended to untie the complicated knots that Greece is tangled in has been on the working tables in Athens since July but the past five days have really been cliff-hanger ones when it comes to the country securing its second round of bailout funds and/or its prospects of remaining in the eurozone altogether. Whether Greece secures the money or heads into bankruptcy does not alter the fact that its denizens face inevitable hardships ahead, complete with wage and pension cuts as well as even more joblessness.
Greek labor unions staged another walkout yesterday and indicated that their members are not keen on more austerity measures being imposed upon them and that the bailout is being rammed down their throats by foreign creditors. Greek Finance Minister Venizelos calls the unfolding saga a “dramatic and acute dilemma.” However, it is clear that despite dramatic statements being made by politicians who are up of election/reelection come April, the real power in the situation resides in the hands of the so-called “troika” of the IMF, the ECB, and the European Commission at this juncture.
Gold prices meandered on either side of the ‘unchanged’ marker this morning and orbited around the $1,745 area as the US dollar did not appear to pierce the 78.50 level on the trade-weighted index following yesterday’s euro-centric optimism-induced sell-off it was subjected to. At least one school of thought sees a potential sell signal in the recent advances made by the yellow metal, while another such school envisions more volatility as the defining feature of bullion in coming months. Crude oil, on the other hand, made further progress to the upside, gaining another $1.25 this morning. Developments in Iran and Nigeria continue to bolster black gold and the lower dollar did not hurt it either.
Speaking of the greenback, the “Arab Street” has been turning toward it in droves following the spreading malaise that has ensued in the wake of the “Arab Spring.” Folks in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Iraq, and Syria have been seeking shelter in the American currency have watched their own colorful banknotes taking a hit in value and they have thus sought out the relative safety of the buck in unprecedented numbers. Bloomberg News reports that, for example, “In Syria, where an uprising against President Bashar al- Assad’s rule is still raging, demand for dollars is so high that Mudher Salih, the deputy central bank governor of neighboring Iraq, said Jan. 10 that traders were buying dollars in his country to sell them illegally next door.”
Silver climbed by 19 cents to the $34.34 mark on the bid-side but appeared confined in the $34 to $34.50 channel for the time being. Platinum gained $3 to rise to the $1,650 level and palladium moved up by $1 to the $709 per ounce figure. The former has now halved its previous near-$200 discount to gold in a matter of not too many trading sessions. There are a couple of fresh news items on the subject of the noble metals that merit our attention: they come from Norilsk, Lonmin, and South Africa. Read on:
The world’s top palladium producer, Norilsk Nickel said on Tuesday that “PGMs have investment potential comparable or even greater than gold.” Platinum has moved 16% higher thus far this year, while palladium has advanced by 24% from its October lows. Existing platinum above-ground supplies might last no more than 7 months if production of the metal were to be halted. A Norilsk official puts the price of palladium at $2,100 in five years’ time, while he also sees a 50% gain (to $2,500) as possible in platinum. Gold would have to touch $5,100 to mirror the kind of performance that Norilsk envisions in palladium.
Another PGM producer, Lonmin, told attendees at the Africa Mining Conference in Cape Town that the risk of platinum supply disruptions is growing. The firm’s CEO, Ian Farmer pointed to “government safety stoppages, labour management difficulties, skills shortages, transformation and equity ownership challenges, rising community expectations, resource nationalism and high electricity prices” – all of which are making operating in South Africa increasingly difficult.
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mini_pile
|
{'original_id': '2d56e3eb787a9a00d626d69394ecfce4d2b7d03c8c43af6ebb54bcc19fbedf3f'}
|
Gelanoglanis is a genus of fish in the family Auchenipteridae native to South America.
Species
There are currently 5 recognized species in this genus:
Gelanoglanis nanonocticolus Soares-Porto, S. J. Walsh, Nico & Netto, 1999
Gelanoglanis pan Calegari, R. E. dos Reis & Vari, 2014
Gelanoglanis stroudi J. E. Böhlke, 1980
Gelanoglanis travieso Rengifo & Lujan, 2008
Gelanoglanis varii Calegari & R. E. dos Reis, 2016
References
Auchenipteridae
Catfish genera
Fish of South America
Freshwater fish genera
Taxa named by James Erwin Böhlke
|
common_corpus
|
{'identifier': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelanoglanis', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'Gelanoglanis', 'creator': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gelanoglanis&action=history', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '82', 'token_count': '183', '__index_level_0__': '23256', 'original_id': '40257da9993afcfecc840d6ae13baa23943d438d556f426bc7ab49bdded410ad'}
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Rosemary Balsamic Steak & Eggs
Use a paper towel to pat the steak dry to remove excess moisture. Place the steak in the plastic sealed bag (the bag can be smaller just make sure your steak is able to fit). Pour Drew’s Organics Rosemary Balsamic Dressing into the bag, remembering to let out as much air as possible when sealing.
Move the steak around with your hands to evenly distribute the marinade. Then place the bag in the refrigerator to marinate for at least 30 minutes.
Once marinated, remove from the refrigerator. Heat a cast iron skillet over medium to high heat. The key is to make sure the cast iron skillet is hot. Remove steak from the bag and gently lay the steak in the skillet. Make sure to lay it down in the direction away from you to avoid splatter.
Cook for 3-5 minutes. For thin steaks stick to around 3 minutes and for thicker steak aim for 5 minutes. Flip the steak over and continue to cook for another 3-5 minutes. Remove from pan and let rest for 5 minutes. Allowing the steak to rest will help the juices redistribute and while also allowing the residual heat to continue cooking the steak.
While the steak rests cook the eggs. Heat a nonstick skillet over medium heat. Pour 1 tbsp olive oil into the skillet. Crack the eggs and pour directly in the pan to fry. Cook eggs for 3 minutes or until the egg whites set. Remove from pan.
Use a sharp knife or preferably a steak knife to slice the now rested steak at an angle against the grain.
Jasmin Foster is a registered dietitian and food photographer in Washington, D.C. who believes in healthy balanced eating.
Cook Time
50 minutes
Contact Drew's
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dclm_baseline
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hubspot and hootsuiteThe news is out, and we're excited to announce that HubSpot and HootSuite are teaming up to make the world of marketing an even better place. Team HS & HS are launching a new product integration, a record-breaking webinar, multiple ebooks, and more, all centered around a single idea: we should make it easier for marketers to generate, nurture, and manage leads via social media, so they can finally "close the loop" on their social media marketing efforts (what we're calling 'closed-loop social' for short).
The partnership will directly connect social media to generating, managing, and nurturing leads for the first time, and we think it's a match made in heaven. Social media is a growing channel, and the average budget spent on social media has increased 133% in just 3 years. However, during those 3 years, social was primarily used as a promotion and engagement tool, and we believe that social as a lead nurturing and closing tool has only just scratched the surface.
The HubSpot HootSuite integration will make it easier for customers to use social media to better work their leads and make the close. Via a new beta app, users of both products can monitor their leads' tweets in HootSuite to identify opportunities to follow up with their leads with a tweet. Users can also use the app to monitor their best-performing keywords in HubSpot for relevant conversations that could lead to prospecting opportunities. HootSuite Pro and Enterprise users are eligable to apply for the app now and take advantage of the released product in late June. Not too shabby!
hubspot hootsuite 1 hubspot hootsuite 2 resized 600
We're also venturing to break the 2011 record for world's largest webinar with our joint webinar, The Science of Inbound Marketing, co-presented by HubSpot Social Media Scientist Dan Zarrella and HootSuite VP of Marketing Ben Watson.
HootSuite will also serve as the presenting sponsor at HubSpot’s Inbound 2012, a 3-day blow-out marketing conference happening August 27th through the 30th in Boston. HootSuite's presence at the event will be fun, educational, and topped off by a killer party in true HootSuite style. We're looking forward to hosting this major event, which will help marketing professionals, business owners, and agency executives improve marketing effectiveness.
So what does this social partnership mean for marketers? How can you take advantage of closed-loop social to use social media as a middle-of-the-funnel marketing tool? Let's explain ...
4 Ways to Use Closed-Loop Social Media to Improve Your Marketing
1. Monitor key terms in social media as proactive prospecting.
With closed-loop social, you can monitor the keywords and phrases that your best leads are using in social media. This enables you to identify opportunities to jump into the conversation and interact with your potential customers. The key here is to avoid being overly forward or "salesy." Rather, be natural and add value where it makes sense. Offer your best content, be helpful, and eventually the people you're tweeting with could convert into customers.
2. Consider using social media instead of the typical email follow up.
Traditionally, the playbook has been to exclusively nurture leads further down the sales funnel using email. But you don't have to limit lead nurturing to email. There are certainly other ways to connect and communicate with leads one-on-one, and social media is one of them. Why not send a tweet to leads asking how they enjoyed their product trial or a recent demo they attended? They just might appreciate the follow up.
3. Increase the likelihood for sales by nurturing leads through multiple channels.
Some folks prefer certain forms of communication over others, so consider the fact that your leads might rather receive a tweet from your business than an email. Nurturing your leads via multiple channels lets your leads choose how they want to interact with you. By monitoring your leads' behaviors, you'll be able to engage with your prospects through their channels of choice, making for a much more personalized lead nurturing experience.
4. Create advanced filters to catch "buying signals" from your leads.
Imagine this: You're monitoring social media and you see one of your recent leads tweeting, "I'm considering buying X product. Anyone have any experience with it?" Here's your golden opportunity to say thank you for considering your product, and perhaps even forward one of your company's customer success stories! To do this using closed-loop social, all you'd have to do when you start monitoring social posts from your leads is to set up specific filters for keywords like your company name, product name, industry keywords, etc. This way, you're much more likely to catch a sales opportunity like this and follow up in a timely manner.
Are you using social media to close the loop with your leads today? What tips can you share?
New Call to action
Originally published Jun 6, 2012 8:15:00 AM, updated February 01 2017
Social Media Strategy
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dclm_baseline
|
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How do you know you’re safe?
How do you know you’re safe... In a time where there are no limits, no boundaries, no roadmaps? How do you know you’re safe... When the ground beneath you shakes at random and nations cry out for help? How do you know you’re safe... When economies are crumbling, people are raging, and our food is... Continue Reading →
What if it all fell apart?
What if one day we told the secrets and transcended the questions that keep us stuck, looking for answers that aren’t there? What if we allowed ourselves to think that anything was possible, that there were no limitations, no hurt feelings, no real consequences following the ultimate collapse? What if we let imagination play with... Continue Reading →
Why Write?
Blog at
Up ↑
|
dclm_baseline
|
{'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '117', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9358174800872804}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48838', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:76LOT3RJASSMG6QRKCSXWNB6IHK7Q3ZI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:19c61fd9-370f-4a3e-9152-77b34757d266>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 20, 18, 16, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3CMAJGIE4XCL3GME2IDRAWKZAVAR3RCE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9b891aa9-bd0d-495e-aa8a-61d87d6fc11c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://colleenthornton.com/tag/insecurity/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9420b015-39d5-4cd3-bde4-554f3ed50136>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '242', 'url': 'https://colleenthornton.com/tag/insecurity/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin ([email protected])\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-109.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08867853879928589', 'original_id': 'd3ce4654ef8150ca23e8b44f896d54c4c71d50f054f42354568fb874ff422d1a'}
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Q:
Chrome Custom Tabs change the default close button not working
I am trying to change the default close button on the actionbar of the custom chrome tabs. I have tried to set using setCloseButtonIcon() However, the default close button still shows. I want to change the close to an arrow.
My code below:
public void openHomePage() {
final CustomTabsIntent.Builder builder = new CustomTabsIntent.Builder();
builder.setToolbarColor(ContextCompat.getColor(getActivity(), R.color.primary));
final Bitmap backButton = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_arrow_back_black_48dp);
builder.setCloseButtonIcon(backButton);
builder.setShowTitle(true);
final CustomTabsIntent customTabsIntent = builder.build();
customTabsIntent.launchUrl(getActivity(), Uri.parse(mTvHomepage.getText().toString()));
}
A:
I have an observation. Last month, when searching through SO for various chrome custom tab issues, I found this answer suggesting to use 24dp size icon and also found this question saying that it is working fine with PNG.
I have checked your code with using back arrow icon from here.
When I used "ic_arrow_back_black_48dp", it didn't change the default close button to an arrow (see left image).
final Bitmap backButton = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_arrow_back_black_48dp);
But when I used "ic_arrow_back_black_24dp", it perfectly changed the default close button to an arrow (see right image).
final Bitmap backButton = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_arrow_back_black_24dp);
As it has worked perfectly for me, you should also try with "24dp" size back arrow icon from here instead of "48dp" size back arrow icon.
Screenshot : [ Device: ASUS_Z00UD; OS: 6.0.1 ]
A:
Presuming you are using the Google library and not on of the related ones the icons size should be 24dp as documented here.
This can be achieved with BitmapFactory Options:
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.outWidth = 24;
options.outHeight = 24;
options.inScaled = true; //already default, just for illustration - ie scale to screen density (dp)
... = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_arrow_back_black_48dp, opts);
A:
You can directly get BitmapDrawable from Drawable but not from VectorDrawable as setCloseButtonIcon requires @NonNull Bitmap icon
You can also use svg as follows. Download the svg from here ic_arrow_back_black_24px
Below methods are self explanatory:
private static Bitmap getBitmapFromDrawable(Context context, int drawableId) {
Drawable drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(context, drawableId);
if (drawable instanceof BitmapDrawable) {
return ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
} else if (drawable instanceof VectorDrawable) {
return getBitmapFromVectorDrawable((VectorDrawable) drawable);
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to convert to bitmap");
}
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private static Bitmap getBitmapFromVectorDrawable(VectorDrawable vectorDrawable) {
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(vectorDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth(),
vectorDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
vectorDrawable.setBounds(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight());
vectorDrawable.draw(canvas);
return bitmap;
}
You can use the above as:
builder.setCloseButtonIcon(getBitmapFromDrawable(this, R.drawable.ic_arrow_back_black_24px));
Ref from SO
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mini_pile
|
{'original_id': 'f64c0179883082605d0462270dee50036b000307c4d36d364cc92e4a6c36fb0f'}
|
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
YAML Metadata
Warning:
empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card
(https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/datasets-cards)
Qwen3-Inspired Pre-training Dataset
Overview
This dataset is a curated mixture of high-quality text data designed for large language model pre-training, inspired by the Qwen3 methodology. The dataset includes both training and validation splits.
Dataset Statistics
Total Size: 10.42 billion tokens
- Training Split: 9.89 billion tokens (94.9%)
- Validation Split: 0.53 billion tokens (5.1%)
Data Sources (Combined)
- dclm_baseline: 5.06B tokens (48.56%) - 4,088,916 documents
- the_stack: 1.65B tokens (15.79%) - 383,490 documents
- common_corpus: 1.5B tokens (14.36%) - 381,841 documents
- mini_pile: 1.43B tokens (13.73%) - 999,858 documents
- math_pile: 0.79B tokens (7.55%) - 72,936 documents
Training Split Statistics
- dclm_baseline: 4.81B tokens (48.61%) - 3,884,088 documents
- the_stack: 1.58B tokens (15.97%) - 363,502 documents
- common_corpus: 1.42B tokens (14.37%) - 361,913 documents
- mini_pile: 1.36B tokens (13.78%) - 949,859 documents
- math_pile: 0.72B tokens (7.26%) - 68,947 documents
Validation Split Statistics
- dclm_baseline: 0.25B tokens (47.69%) - 204,828 documents
- common_corpus: 0.08B tokens (14.22%) - 19,928 documents
- math_pile: 0.07B tokens (12.89%) - 3,989 documents
- mini_pile: 0.07B tokens (12.86%) - 49,999 documents
- the_stack: 0.07B tokens (12.33%) - 19,988 documents
Data Processing Pipeline
- Data Collection: Sourced from multiple high-quality datasets
- Standardization: All data transformed to consistent format with
text,info, andsource_datafields - Train/Validation Split: Created 95%/5% splits within each source dataset
- Exact Deduplication: Removed identical documents within each split
- Near Deduplication: Used MinHashLSH with Jaccard similarity threshold of 0.85
- Quality Filtering: Applied content-based filtering during processing
- Shuffling: Applied shuffling within each large shard for better data distribution
Data Format
Each example contains:
text: The main text contentinfo: Metadata from the original dataset (as string)source_data: Source dataset identifier
Splits
The dataset contains two splits:
train: Training data (95% of each source dataset)validation: Validation data (5% of each source dataset)
Tokenization
Token counts were computed using the Llama3 tokenizer (meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B).
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load the entire dataset
dataset = load_dataset("bluelightai-dev/qwen_clt_pretrain_data")
# Load specific splits
train_dataset = load_dataset("bluelightai-dev/qwen_clt_pretrain_data", split="train")
val_dataset = load_dataset("bluelightai-dev/qwen_clt_pretrain_data", split="validation")
Dataset Sources
The dataset combines data from the following sources:
- DCLM Baseline: High-quality web text from DataComp-LM
- Common Corpus: Multilingual web text corpus
- The Stack: Deduplicated source code
- Mini Pile: Academic and reference texts
- Math Pile: Mathematical content and reasoning datasets
License
Please refer to the individual source dataset licenses. This mixture is provided for research purposes.
Citation
If you use this dataset, please cite the original source datasets and this work.
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