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The PLAโ€™s behavior contravenes flight safety protocols and the international maritime rules of the road, and increases the risk of a major accident, incident, or crisis, including the potential for loss of life.
PLA์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์•ˆ์ „ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ•ด์ƒ ๊ทœ์น™์— ์œ„๋ฐฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋ช… ์†์‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋†’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The PRC continues to prioritize C4I modernization as a response to trends in modern warfare that emphasize the importance of rapid information collection, processing, and sharing and accelerated decision making.
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด C4I ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As of 2022, the PRC perceives an erosion of strategic stability in the US-PRC relationship. PLA academics and PRC government officials also perceive that the United States is interfering in the PRCโ€™s periphery.
2022๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏธ์ค‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฐ„์„ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The broader reorganization also transferred the stateโ€™s overall responsibility for managing Chinaโ€™s science and technology policy to the Party through the creation of a Central Science and Technology Commission.
๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐœํŽธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ค‘์•™๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์„คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ… ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ด€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In August 2022, Chinese state-owned defense company Poly Technologies sent navigation equipment to Russian state-owned military export firm JSC Rosoboronexport to be used in Mi-17 military transport helicopters.
2022๋…„ 8์›”, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ๊ธฐ์—… Poly Technologies๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ๊ธฐ์—… JSC Rosoboronexport์— Mi-17 ๊ตฐ์šฉ ์ˆ˜์†ก ํ—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋‚ด๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The cyberespionage campaign reportedly targeted critical infrastructure organizations in the government, maritime, communications, transportation, manufacturing, and information technology sectors, among others.
์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์€ ์ •๋ถ€, ํ•ด์–‘, ํ†ต์‹ , ์šด์†ก, ์ œ์กฐ, ์ •๋ณด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The North is a signatory to the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention (BWC) but has yet to declare any relevant developments and has failed to provide a BWC confidence-building measure declaration since 1990.
๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ˜‘์•ฝ(BWC)์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๊ด€๋ จ ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 1990๋…„ ์ดํ›„ BWC ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์กฐ์น˜ ์‹ ๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
U.S. officials are reportedly seeking to help facilitate the withdrawal of Hezbollah forces from border areas to alleviate obstacles to the return of around 80,000 evacuated Israelis to their homes in the north.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ 8๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ์ชฝ์˜ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ—ค์ฆˆ๋ณผ๋ผ ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
As of June 2023, European diplomats had reportedly informed Iran that the EU would retain sanctions against its ballistic missile program that are set to expire in October 2023 under the terms of the 2015 JCPOA.
2023๋…„ 6์›” ํ˜„์žฌ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€๋“ค์€ 2015๋…„ JCPOA ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2023๋…„ 10์›” ๋งŒ๋ฃŒ ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ํƒ„๋„ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ž€์— ํ†ต๋ณดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In all the futures, we assume that global economic fragmentation continues during and after the war. But the speed and extent of the fragmentation differs, and thus the effects on the U.S. economy are different.
๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ ํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์—ด์˜ ์†๋„์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Kirchberger, Sarah, โ€œObstacles and Breakthroughs in Chinaโ€™s Defense Technological Development : Chinaโ€™s Undersea Warfare,โ€ testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, April 13, 2023.
์ปค์น˜๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ผ, "์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ : ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ „," ๋ฏธ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์•ˆ๋ณด๊ฒ€ํ† ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์ฆ์–ธ, 2023๋…„ 4์›” 13์ผ.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Methods for the detection and characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 variants: second update, 21 June 2022. 2022.
์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์ œ ์„ผํ„ฐ. SARS-CoV-2 ๋ณ€์ข… ํƒ์ง€ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ, 2022๋…„ 6์›” 21์ผ. 2022.
ACAT III programs are defined as those acquisition programs that do not meet the dollar value thresholds for ACAT II or above, and are not designated a โ€œmajor systemโ€ by the MDA. The MDA is designated by the CAE.
ACAT III ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ACAT II ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ MDA์—์„œ "์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ"์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํš๋“ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. MDA๋Š” CAE์—์„œ ์ง€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The PLA is continuing modernization and reform efforts, both technologically and organizationally, to effectively command complex, joint operations across all warfare domains and potentially in multiple theaters.
์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „์Ÿ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋™ ์ž‘์ „์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํœ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ฐœํ˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Group Armies; the Northern Theater Navy and its naval aviation division and two marine brigades; and two operational PLAAF bases, one special mission aircraft division, and one flying academy; and one PLARF base.
๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ตฐ๋Œ€, ๋ถ๋ถ€ ๊ทน์žฅ ํ•ด๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๊ตฐ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋‹จ, 2๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ด๋ณ‘ ์—ฌ๋‹จ, 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์ „ PLAAF ๊ธฐ์ง€, 1๊ฐœ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ž„๋ฌด ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋‹จ, 1๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ•™๊ต, 1๊ฐœ์˜ PLARF ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
China also continues to sell conventional, strategic,โ€  and offensive strike weapons to Pakistan that could be used against India,โ€ก accounting for 75 percent of all of Pakistanโ€™s imported arms by value since 2015.
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹, ์ „๋žต,โ€  ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์šฉ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2015๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ๊ธˆ์•ก ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 75%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In 2023, actors linked to Chinaโ€™s government perpetrated multiple cyberespionage attacks against the U.S. and foreign governments, demonstrating the growing prowess and danger posed by Beijingโ€™s cyber operations.
2023๋…„์— ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ž‘์ „์ด ์ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
RMTUs are routinely activated in small numbers during the KPA's summer and winter training activities. RMTUs augment local active-duty forces in force security, counter-SOF operations, movement of logistics, etc.
RMTU๋Š” KPA์˜ ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ณ„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. RMTU๋Š” ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๋น„, ๋Œ€ํŠน์ˆ˜์ „๋ถ€๋Œ€ ์ž‘์ „, ๋ณ‘์ฐธ ์ด๋™ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ํ˜„์ง€ ํ˜„์—ญ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A rough estimate is that the fundโ€™s assets were about 55 percent foreign-currency denominated, including renminbi, 32 percent ruble denominated, and 13 percent gold at February 1, 2022, exchange rates and prices.
๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ •์น˜๋Š” 2022๋…„ 2์›” 1์ผ ํ™˜์œจ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŽ€๋“œ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์œ„์•ˆํ™” 55%, ๋ฃจ๋ธ”ํ™” 32%, ๊ธˆ 13% ๋“ฑ ์™ธํ™” ํ‘œ์‹œ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์•ฝ 55%์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Despite consensus built between President Biden and PRC President Xi to maintain open channels of communication, the PLA exhibited an unwillingness to engage on substantive matters with appropriate interlocutors.
๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘ ์ฃผ์„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์†Œํ†ต ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ƒ๋Œ€์™€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The TTP constitutes the largest faction of foreign terrorist fighters within Afghanistan, with numbers estimated at 3,000 to 4,000 located mainly along Afghanistanโ€™s eastern and southeastern border with Pakistan.
TTP๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„ ๋‚ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ์˜ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„ ๋™๋ถ€์™€ ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3,000~4,000๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
South Korea found itself in a strategic dilemma in the wake of the 2025 war. It wished to maintain its alliance with the United States while sustaining cooperation with China on economics, trade, and North Korea.
ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ 2025๋…„ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ๋กœ ์ „๋žต์  ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๋™๋งน์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๋ฌด์—ญ, ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Our research on past U.S.-China Track 2 dialogues suggests that several of these lessons, though mainly drawn from the general literature on Track 2 dialogues, may be very relevant to future U.S.-China endeavors.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฏธ์ค‘ ํŠธ๋ž™ 2 ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŠธ๋ž™ 2 ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฏธ์ค‘ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Dylan Loh, an assistant professor at Nanyang Technological University, assessed that with these loyalists in place, Xi โ€œhas a much freer rein and mandate in pursuing his domestic and foreign policiesโ€ than before.
๋‚œ์–‘๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋”œ๋Ÿฐ ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถฉ์„ฑํŒŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ ์ฃผ์„์ด ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค "๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ์‚์™€ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
China also instigated a diplomatic row with the Japanese government and launched an online disinformation campaign following the discharge of treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in August.
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๋‚œ 8์›” ํ›„์ฟ ์‹œ๋งˆ ์ œ1์›์ž๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์™ธ๊ต์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋นš์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The incident in Tawang marked the most consequential skirmish between Indian and Chinese forces since deadly fighting in Galwan Valley in 2020 that led to 20 Indian casualties and four reported Chinese casualties.
ํƒ€์™•์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ 2020๋…„ ๊ฐˆ์™„ ๊ณ„๊ณก์—์„œ ์ธ๋„๊ตฐ 20๋ช…, ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ตฐ 4๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ „ํˆฌ ์ดํ›„ ์ธ๋„๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ต์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Despite repeated international warnings, the Houthis have continued such attacks, forcing, in many cases, the rerouting of commercial shipping around the Cape of Good Hope and away from the Red Sea and Suez Canal.
๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›„ํ‹ฐ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™ํ•ด์™€ ์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ด ํฌ๋ง๋ด‰ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Former Research Assistant Michael H. Memari, CRS Geospatial Information Systems Analysts Molly Cox and Cassandra Higgins, and Visual Information Specialists Amber Wilhelm and Brion Long contributed to this report.
์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—๋Š” ์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์กฐ๊ต ๋งˆ์ดํด ๋ฉ”๋งˆ๋ฆฌ(Michael H. Memari), CRS ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ•์Šค(Molly Cox)์™€ ์นด์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ผ ํžˆ๊ธด์Šค(Cassandra Higgins), ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์•ฐ๋ฒ„ ์œŒํ—ฌ๋ฆ„(Amber Wilhelm)๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์˜จ ๋กฑ(Brion Long)์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Russiaโ€™s invasion of Ukraine accelerated exits from Russia, but exact numbers are uncertain. In addition, service in the war removed people from the labor market. Consequences for the Russian economy are negative.
๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์นจ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ดํƒˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์Ÿ์— ์ฐธ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ดํƒˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Tokyo University, even argues for an independent security relationship between South Korean and Japan that could check both the United States and China in the region in the future. Hankyore Shinmun, March 3, 1998.
๋„์ฟ„๋Œ€, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ญ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์•ˆ๋ณด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€. ํ•œ๊ฒจ๋ ˆ์‹ ๋ฌธ, 1998๋…„ 3์›” 3์ผ.
The SSFโ€™s Network Systems Department is responsible for information warfare with an integrated mission set that includes cyberspace warfare, technical reconnaissance, electronic warfare, and psychological warfare.
SSF์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ „์Ÿ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฐฐ, ์ „์ž์ „, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ „์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ณด์ „์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The realization of the concept requires contingency measures to provide maximum continuity of service in the face of major outages, natural disasters, civil unrest, security threats or other unusual circumstances.
์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ •์ „, ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด, ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๋ณด์•ˆ ์œ„ํ˜‘ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์ƒ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A more effective cooperation between civil and military authorities should be achieved by the enhancement of coordination and communications procedures and by the application of improved communications technology.
์กฐ์ • ๋ฐ ํ†ต์‹  ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ตฐ ๋‹น๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The Indian Air Force at independence included half a squadron of U.S.sourced C-47 Dakota transports, which were quickly joined by three squadrons of reconditioned B-24 Liberator bombers built in the United States.
๋…๋ฆฝ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ธ๋„ ๊ณต๊ตฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•œ C-47 ๋‹ค์ฝ”ํƒ€ ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ธฐ ํŽธ๋Œ€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ณง์ด์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•œ B-24 ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ํญ๊ฒฉ๊ธฐ 3๊ฐœ ํŽธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This volume provides a series of summaries of past great power wars. These summaries informed the design of scenarios in Vol. 1 and substantiate our discussion of flawed assumptions prior to past great power wars.
์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์š”์•ฝ์€ 1๊ถŒ์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Assess the potential postwar consequences of a war that goes according to plannersโ€™ assumptions (as well as those that do not) to evaluate whether existing war plans are likely to support long-term U.S. interests.
๊ณ„ํš๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ „ํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The deepening of Russia-China relations that accelerated during the war is largely locked in, and Moscowโ€™s intention to further deepen those ties is unshaken by the subsequent U.S. shift in focus away from Europe.
์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์‹ฌํ™”๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์˜ ์˜๋„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธด ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Broor S, Campbell H, Hirve S, Hague S, Jackson S, Moen A, et al. Leveraging the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System for global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance โ€“ opportunities and challenges.
๋ธŒ๋กœ์–ด S, ์บ ๋ฒจ H, ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ S, ํ—ค์ด๊ทธ S, ์žญ์Šจ S, ๋ชจ์—” A ์™ธ. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์„ธํฌ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ™œ์šฉ - ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๋„์ „.
The PRCโ€™s long-term goal is to create an entirely self-reliant defense-industrial sectorโ€”fused with a strong civilian industrial and technology sectorโ€”that can meet the PLAโ€™s needs for modern military capabilities.
์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์œตํ•ฉ๋œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The PRCโ€™s foreign policy framework includes efforts to promote and accelerate the transformation in the distribution of power, revise the principles of interstate relations, and reform global governance structures.
์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ์ •์ฑ… ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ์—๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์›์น™์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The PLANโ€™s expanding fleet of large modern amphibious warships will enable it to conduct a wide range of expeditionary operations to protect the PRCโ€™s interests or in support of international assistance operations.
์ค‘๊ตญํ•ด๊ตฐ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‹ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ•จ ํ•จ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ถฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ง€์› ์ž‘์ „์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์›์ • ์ž‘์ „์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Following the Wagner incident, Chinaโ€™s propaganda apparatus emphasized the importance of the CCPโ€™s control over the military while simultaneously limiting online public discussion about potential uprisings at home.
์™€๊ทธ๋„ˆ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์„ ์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ณต์‚ฐ๋‹น์ด ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ด‰๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์ œํ•œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
North Korean defense factories produce a diverse array of military hardware, including small arms, a full range of munitions, light armored vehicles, tanks, naval ships and submarines, and advanced missile systems.
๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ๊ณต์žฅ์€ ์†Œํ˜• ๋ฌด๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ตฐ์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ, ๊ฒฝ์žฅ๊ฐ‘์ฐจ, ํƒฑํฌ, ํ•ด๊ตฐ ํ•จ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•จ, ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In an October 19 Oval Office speech, President Biden announced an emergency supplemental budget request to support U.S. partners, including Ukraine, Israel, and others, and address other domestic and global issues.
10์›” 19์ผ ์ง‘๋ฌด์‹ค ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋“  ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ๋“ฑ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
SOURCES: Statista Research Department, Average Monthly Price of Urals Crude Oil from January 2018 to July 2022 (in U.S. Dollars per Barrel), database, August 11, 2022a; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2022.
์ถœ์ฒ˜: Statista ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ€, 2018๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2022๋…„ 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ž„ ์›์œ  ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ(๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋‹น ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€), ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค, 2022๋…„ 8์›” 11์ผ; ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๊ตญ, 2022.
To preserve a favorable balance of power in the Indian Ocean, India has sought a partnership with the United States. The India-U.S. maritime relationship has been riding high since the signing of the LEMOA in 2016.
์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ธ๋„์–‘์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ธ๋ ฅ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” 2016๋…„ LEMOA ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ์ดํ›„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์กฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
According to a May 2022 report by the UN Security Council, the Taliban and al Qaeda continue to maintain a close relationship, with โ€œseveral dozenโ€ of the latterโ€™s core leadership currently residing in Afghanistan.
์œ ์—” ์•ˆ์ „๋ณด์žฅ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ 2022๋…„ 5์›” ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํƒˆ๋ ˆ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์•Œ์นด์—๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ์นด์—๋‹ค์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€๋„๋ถ€ ์ค‘ "์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋ช…"์ด ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Russia continued to engage Israel and to cooperate with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and other Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to manipulate oil prices to Iranโ€™s detriment.
๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„, ์•„๋ž์—๋ฏธ๋ฆฌํŠธ(UAE), ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์„์œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(OPEC)์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ž€์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In response to Russiaโ€™s aggression in Ukraine, the United States increased its force presence in Europe to around 100,000 military personnel by deploying or extending the deployments of about 20,000 U.S. personnel.
๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์นจ๋žต์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์•ฝ 2๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์„ ํŒŒ๋ณ‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ๋ณ‘์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์ฃผ๋‘”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝ 10๋งŒ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In addition, the study team followed the same steps to code the AI applications indicator for the 51 โ€œmaybeโ€ projects screened out from the recovery search. All of the 51 projects fall under the exclusion criteria.
๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ณต๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์—์„œ ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ 51๊ฐœ์˜ '๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”' ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ AI ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ”๋”ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 51๊ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ์™ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sรกnchez-Busรณ L, Yeats CA, Taylor B, Goater RJ, Underwood A, Abudahab K, et al. A community-driven resource for genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Pathogenwatch.
์‚ฐ์ฒด์Šค-๋ถ€์†Œ L, ์ด์ธ  CA, ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ B, ๊ณ ํ„ฐ RJ, ์–ธ๋”์šฐ๋“œ A, ์•„๋ถ€๋‹คํ•ฉ K ๋“ฑ. ์ž„์งˆ๊ท ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์—ญํ•™ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ๊ท ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ฃผ๋„ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค Pathogenwatch์—์„œ.
The PLAA continues to replace legacy equipment with newer systems. The major force restructuring required by the 2016 and 2017 PLA reforms is complete, but many units are still in the process of upgrading equipment.
PLAA๋Š” ๋ ˆ๊ฑฐ์‹œ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2016๋…„๊ณผ 2017๋…„ ์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฅ๋น„ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The Reserve Force should be prepared to effectively respond to a variety of emergencies and military threats, safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, and the core security of the country.
์˜ˆ๋น„๊ตฐ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฌํƒœ์™€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ, ์•ˆ๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ด์ต, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The PRC probably views support from the developing countries as crucial to blunting U.S.-led efforts imposing reputational and economic costs on the PRC as well as claiming broad international support for PRC goals.
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€์›์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ํ‰ํŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฌด๋””๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Organizations that provide specialized military capabilities that are not specific to any one serviceโ€” examples include Special Operations Command, the Missile Defense Agency, and the military intelligence agencies.
ํŠน์ˆ˜์ž‘์ „์‚ฌ๋ น๋ถ€, ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฒญ, ๊ตฐ ์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ • ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
RGB personnel are highly trained, attending an intelligence academy where operatives receive instruction in firearms and explosives, martial arts, underwater diving, and other activities before becoming operational.
RGB ์š”์›๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋„๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ์š”์›๋“ค๋กœ, ์ž‘์ „์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ •๋ณด ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ๋ฌผ, ๋ฌด์ˆ , ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ž ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Russia reported a real GDP decline of 4 percent in the second quarter of 2022 relative to the second quarter of 2021 (Table 2.2). GDP in the second quarter of 2021 measured 30.9149 trillion rubles in current prices.
๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋Š” 2021๋…„ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2022๋…„ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์งˆ GDP๊ฐ€ 4% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(ํ‘œ 2.2). 2021๋…„ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ GDP๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 30์กฐ 9,149์–ต ๋ฃจ๋ธ”์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The PLA has embraced its concept of non-war military activities (NWMA) as an effective way to support and safeguard the PRCโ€™s development, expand the PRCโ€™s global interests, and gain valuable operational experience.
์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ด์ต์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์ž‘์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ „์‹œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ™œ๋™(NWMA)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The PLAA applied twice a year conscription after delays from COVID-19 in 2020, emphasizing the recruitment of college graduates and students with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) backgrounds.
PLAA๋Š” 2020๋…„ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋œ ์ง•๋ณ‘์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ 2ํšŒ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ณตํ•™, ์ˆ˜ํ•™(STEM) ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Air traffic control is provided by radar, or equivalent means, by the CAM air traffic unit. Special procedures may be established between concerned air traffic units in order to cater for radio and/or radar failure.
ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ตํ†ต ๊ด€์ œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด CAM ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ตํ†ต ์žฅ์น˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์„  ๋ฐ/๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ์žฅ์• ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ตํ†ต๊ด€์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฐ„์— ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Even if all technical capabilities indicate otherwise, Turkish military pilots have always the right to abort their missions without receiving any orders, should they deem it necessary for the overall flight safety.
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ„ฐํ‚ค ๊ตฐ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋น„ํ–‰ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Outright purchase of certain numbers of products from a foreign OEM, followed by production in India via its own subsidiary or joint venture with an Indian partner meeting a minimum of 50-percent IC on a cost basis.
ํ•ด์™ธ OEM์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ํ›„, ์ž์ฒด ์žํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€์˜ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์›๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œ 50%์˜ IC๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Among these, the Straits of Malaccaโ€”through which almost a quarter of world trade passesโ€”is the most vital. This main artery of the world economy is important for economies in East Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌด์—ญ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง๋ผ์นด ํ•ดํ˜‘์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์ค‘๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Hooiveld M, McMenamin J, de Lusignan S, et al. Rapidly adapting primary care sentinel surveillance across seven countries in Europe for Covid-19 in the first half of 2020: strengths, challenges, and lessons learned.
2020๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ 7๊ฐœ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ์ฐจ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ: ๊ฐ•์ , ๋„์ „ ๊ณผ์ œ, ๊ตํ›ˆ ๋“ฑ(Hooiveld M, McMenamin J, de Lusignan S ๋“ฑ).
As U.S.-China relations deteriorated in 2017, so did many Track 1.5 and Track 2 dialogues, after what some Track 2 organizers have described as an initial burst of interest at the outset of the Trump administration.
2017๋…„ ๋ฏธ์ค‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํŠธ๋ž™ 1.5์™€ ํŠธ๋ž™ 2 ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€ ํŠธ๋ž™ 2 ์ฃผ์ตœ์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์ถœ๋ฒ” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The Army produces and fields DCGS-A capability on various workstations that provides simultaneous access to analyst hardware platforms using consolidated software releases. tools and data at multiple security levels.
์œก๊ตฐ์€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์‹œ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›Œํฌ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” DCGS-A ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
FYP that will cover 2021-2025. The priorities and goals in the FYPs not only apply to the government and the public ownership economy, but also serve as implicit guidance from the Party to the multiownership economy.
2021-2025๋…„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” FYP. FYP์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์†Œ์œ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์†Œ์œ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์˜ ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์ง€์นจ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Additional efforts include promoting the sharing of scientific resources, expanding the institutions involved in defense research, and fostering greater collaboration across defense and civilian research communities.
์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ์ž์› ๊ณต์œ  ์ด‰์ง„, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํ™•๋Œ€, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Spokesman Dmitry Peskov defended the large-scale military exercises China conducted around Taiwan after Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wenโ€™s meeting with then U.S. Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy in the United States.
๋“œ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํŽ˜์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์€ ์ฐจ์ด์ž‰์› ๋Œ€๋งŒ ์ดํ†ต๊ณผ ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋งค์นด์‹œ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ•˜์›์˜์žฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ๋Œ€๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
North Korea has also used its cyberspace resources for political purposes and to spread propaganda on South Korean networks. South Korea has reported that the North hacked various websites to post pro-North opinions.
๋ถํ•œ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ์ „ ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•ดํ‚นํ•˜์—ฌ ์นœ๋ถ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
North Koreaโ€™s oil and gas sector remains in a state of disrepair because of sanctions and years of neglect. The country has no oil and natural gas production and relies on crude oil imports from China to meet demand.
๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์„์œ  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ œ์žฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ™ฉํํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์„์œ ์™€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์ „๋ฌดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์›์œ  ์ˆ˜์ž…์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
For comparison, in 2021, Russian national defense spending was $47 billion, federal budget expenditures were $326 billion, federal budget revenues were $333 billion, and GDP was $1.776 trillion, all in nominal terms.
์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด 2021๋…„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ์ง€์ถœ์€ 470์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ง€์ถœ์€ 3260์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ 3330์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, GDP๋Š” 1์กฐ 7760์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ช…๋ชฉ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In 2021, the PRC continued to deploy PLAN, CCG, and civilian vessels in response to Vietnamese and Malaysian drilling operations within the PRCโ€™s claimed โ€œninedash-lineโ€ and Philippinesโ€™ construction at Thitu Island.
2021๋…„์—๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ๊ณผ ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” '๊ตฌ๋‹จ์„ ' ๋‚ด ์‹œ์ถ” ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€์˜ ํ‹ฐํˆฌ ์„ฌ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด PLAN, CCG, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Beijing views significant risks to strategic stability from potential U.S. technological breakthroughs or new commitments to produce and deploy cutting-edge weapons systems at greater scale or near Chinaโ€™s periphery.
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝ์†์ด ์ „๋žต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service).
๋น„ํ–‰ ์ •๋ณด ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ตํ†ต ์ž๋ฌธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ํ•ญ๊ณต ๊ตํ†ต ๊ด€์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค(๊ตฌ์—ญ ๊ด€์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ด€์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰์žฅ ๊ด€์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค) ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์นญํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
States should ensure that communication means between all participating units at ASM Level 2 and 3 are available to facilitate timely transmission and receipt of airspace management decisions and sharing of ASM data.
๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜๊ณต ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ ์‹œ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ASM ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ASM ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 2 ๋ฐ 3์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
While the Indian Navy enjoys a relatively free hand when it comes to operations with maritime partners, it does not necessarily transfer into political leverage when it comes to overall defense policies in New Delhi.
์ธ๋„ ํ•ด๊ตฐ์€ ํ•ด์–‘ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€์˜ ์ž‘์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ํŽธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‰ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This report is intended to aid planners, decisionmakers, and analysts in examining their assumptions by offering four hypothetical war scenarios. The next section describes our approach to generating these scenarios.
์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์ „์Ÿ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํš์ž, ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž, ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
On net, these countervailing dynamics are unlikely to be significant enough to overcome NATOโ€™s material advantages relative to Russia in Europe, especially given NATOโ€™s pre-war advantages and Russiaโ€™s wartime losses.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์—ญํ•™ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚˜ํ† ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ์ „ ์šฐ์œ„์™€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ „์‹œ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
GISRS is undertaken by the WHO, and the initiative covers 125 WHO Member States [24]. There are 144 NICs in 144 countries, 60% of which are WHO Member States [104]. GISAID has been an important partner of GISRS [24].
GISRS๋Š” WHO์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋Š” 125๊ฐœ WHO ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[24]. 144๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— 144๊ฐœ์˜ NIC๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ 60%๊ฐ€ WHO ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[104]. GISAID๋Š” GISRS์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[24].
Track 1.5 dialogues convene a mix of government or military officials and non-government experts. These experts often include former government and military officials, NGO and think tank experts, as well as scholars.
ํŠธ๋ž™ 1.5 ๋Œ€ํ™”์—๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์™€ ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ์ „์ง ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ตฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž, NGO ๋ฐ ์‹ฑํฌํƒฑํฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ํ•™์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
To achieve this, PEO Aviation has changed its culture from working on individual programs to using an integrated approach to design, develop, and field systems that work and blend seamlessly across multiple platforms.
์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด PEO Aviation์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
TSS will serve as the game engine of the STE, supporting simultaneous training at numerous dispersed locations by representing and adjudicating all simulation entities and user inputs from multiple training platforms.
TSS๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์—”ํ‹ฐํ‹ฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋™์‹œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” STE์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์—”์ง„ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Beginning late 2022 Beijing launched a diplomatic โ€˜charm offensiveโ€™ targeting European countries in an apparent effort to improve perceptions of Beijing following years of โ€˜wolf warriorโ€™ diplomacy and COVID isolation.
2022๋…„ ๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ '๋Š‘๋Œ€ ์ „์‚ฌ' ์™ธ๊ต์™€ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๊ต์  '๋งค๋ ฅ ๊ณต์„ธ'๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
For a culture with a history stretching back thousands of yearsโ€”much of it spent as one of the most powerful and advanced civilizations in the worldโ€” nationalist appeals to restore Chinaโ€™s greatness are deeply rooted.
์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•จ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์  ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A recent surge of nationalist backlash against concessions on history issues tends to collide directly with South Koreaโ€™s anti-Japanese nationalism, thus complicating the reconciliation effort between Tokyo and Seoul.
์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ผ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๋„์ฟ„์™€ ์„œ์šธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™”ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
FYP that will cover 2021-2025. The priorities and goals in the FYPs not only apply to the government and the public ownership economy, but also serve as implicit guidance from the Party to the multi-ownership economy.
2021-2025๋…„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” FYP. FYP์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์™€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์†Œ์œ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์†Œ์œ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์˜ ์•”๋ฌต์ ์ธ ์ง€์นจ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Although progress on the multimodal corridor has lagged since the project was first declared in 2000, further investment would shorten the costs and time required to transport goods between India and the Persian Gulf.
2000๋…„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์šด์†ก ํšŒ๋ž‘์˜ ์ง„์ „์€ ๋”๋””์ง€๋งŒ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์ธ๋„์™€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„๋งŒ ๊ฐ„ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์šด์†ก์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Upon conclusion of data collection, the project team focused on designing the workflow and methodological approach to be adopted to produce an indicative, non-exhaustive list of CAHRAs relevant to Regulation 2017/821.
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ›„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ํŒ€์€ ๊ทœ์ • 2017/821๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ CAHRA ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฑ„ํƒํ•  ์›Œํฌํ”Œ๋กœ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
PLA texts state that precision attack in all warfare domains is critical in modern war. PLA writings state that precision weapons are not only force multipliers, but also a means of โ€œwar controlโ€ to prevent escalation.
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „์Ÿ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ(PLA) ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ตฐ ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™•์ „์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ '์ „์Ÿ ํ†ต์ œ'์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Revised estimates indicate the CCG operates more than 50 regional patrol combatants (more than 500 tons), which can be used for limited offshore operations, and an additional 300 coastal patrol craft (100 to 499 tons).
์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ถ”์ •์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด CCG๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋œ ํ•ด์ƒ ์ž‘์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 50์—ฌ ์ฒ™์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆœ์ฐฐ ์ „ํˆฌํ•จ(500ํ†ค ์ด์ƒ)๊ณผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 300์ฒ™์˜ ์—ฐ์•ˆ ์ˆœ์ฐฐ์„ (100~499ํ†ค)์„ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This readiness posture allows the Rocket Force to maintain a portion of its units on a heightened state of readiness while leaving the other portion in peacetime status with separated launchers, missiles, and warheads.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค€๋น„ ํƒœ์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋กœ์ผ“ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์ค€๋น„ ํƒœ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋Œ€, ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ, ํƒ„๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ‰์‹œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In addition to those aircraft, the Air Force has acknowledged that it operates at least one other type of UAS, a stealthy aircraft called the RQ-170. The quantities and characteristics of that system remain classified.
๊ณต๊ตฐ์€ ์ด ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌด์ธ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” RQ-170์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์Šคํ…”์Šค ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
However, new measures taken by Tokyo, e.g., tightening inspections on North Koreaโ€™s trade vessels and joining the U.S.-led Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), cast a doubt about its policy coordination with Seoul.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€๋ฌธ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ(PSI) ๊ฐ€์ž… ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ์ทจํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ณต์กฐ์— ์˜๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In 2019, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Fuzhou University conducted a study to identify the Russian ports along the Northern Sea Route that have significant potential for facilitating Chinese access to the region.
2019๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™์›๊ณผ ํ‘ธ์ €์šฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋ถ๋ฐฉํ•ญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ํฐ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In February, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) stated that the Chinese surveillance balloon seen flying across the United States was a part of larger global Chinese surveillance program using high-altitude balloons.
์ง€๋‚œ 2์›” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€(DOD)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ์‹œ ํ’์„ ์ด ๊ณ ๊ณ ๋„ ํ’์„ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ์‹œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Secretary Raimondo traveled to Beijing in late August 2023, just weeks after the release of a U.S. executive order addressing regulating U.S. investments in certain national security technologies and products in China.
๋ผ์ด๋ชฌ๋„ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ–‰์ • ๋ช…๋ น์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์ง€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ํ›„์ธ 2023๋…„ 8์›” ๋ง ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Developments in 2022 and 2023 suggest Beijing may increase the presence of its โ€œprivate security companies,โ€ which are actually state controlled, on the African continent to better protect Chinese assets in the future.
2022๋…„๊ณผ 2023๋…„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” '๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํšŒ์‚ฌ'์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์ง„์ถœ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The September 2017 test generated a much larger seismic signature than had previous events, and North Korea claimed this was a test of a โ€œhydrogen bombโ€ intended for use on an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).
2017๋…„ 9์›” ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ง€์ง„ ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๊ฐ„ํƒ„๋„๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ(ICBM)์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ '์ˆ˜์†Œํญํƒ„' ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
A TRA (Figure 3-2) is airspace temporarily reserved and allocated for the specific use of a particular user for a determined period of time and through which other traffic may be allowed to transit under ATC clearance.
TRA(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-2)๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ๊ณต์—ญ์œผ๋กœ, ATC์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๊ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.