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A 28-year-old man from Peru who had been living in Spain for two weeks. He had no history of interest, no contact with animals, no toxic habits, and no usual treatment. He came to the emergency department for scapular pain, intense dyspnoea and fever of up to 39oC of five days' evolution. He had no oral problems or pharyngeal pain, cough, expectoration, symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease or known risk factors for liver cirrhosis. On examination he was haemodynamically stable, with blood pressure of 124/85 mmHg and 95 bpm, febrile (38.3oC), sweating, with adequate respiratory rate, saturating at 97% without oxygen therapy. Cardiac and pulmonary auscultation and abdominal examination showed no alterations. There were no meningeal signs, oropharyngeal alterations or stigmata of endocarditis. There were no findings in the lower limbs suggestive of venous thrombosis. Laboratory results showed marked leukocytosis (20,840 cells/microL) with neutrophilia (18,110 cells/microL) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations of 255 mg/L and procalcitonin of 0.6 ng/mL. There was also an increase in total bilirubin (1.7 mg/dl), at the expense of an increase in direct bilirubin, and an increase in transaminases (GPT 155 IU/l, GOT 40 IU/l). Blood cultures, pneumococcal antigen in urine and chest X-ray showed multiple pulmonary nodules with dubious cavitation in some of them. Empirical treatment with ceftriaxone 1 g/24 hours and metronidazole 500 mg/8 hours was started and admission to the Infectious Diseases ward was requested. Differential diagnosis We will establish the differential diagnosis of a patient with fever and multiple pulmonary nodules. The most frequent causes of multiple pulmonary nodules and fever are neoplasms, systemic inflammatory diseases, infections and vascular processes. - Malignant neoplasms. These may be primary lung (mainly adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) or metastatic (bronchial carcinoma, colon, breast, kidney, melanoma and sarcoma as the most frequent causes). Another infrequent cause in this section are neuroendocrine carcinoid tumours, typically endobronchial. The patient had no risk factors for lung carcinoma. The clinical manifestations of these neoplasms tend to be more severe than those presented by the patient; in addition, symptoms indicative of primary involvement of one of the presumed affected organs are frequent in the case of suspected metastasis, accompanied by constitutional symptoms. - Benign tumours. The most frequent cause of benign lung tumours is hamartoma, with a mixed histological component, slow progressive growth and a popcorn-like appearance on radiography and computed axial tomography (CT). - Multiple pulmonary thromboembolism, as a cause of pulmonary infarcts, could be considered in the differential diagnosis, but was ruled out by clinical and contrast-enhanced chest CT (see later findings). - Systemic inflammatory diseases. This group includes, among others, Wegener's disease (multiple pulmonary nodules associated with otorhinolaryngological and renal involvement) and Churg Strauss vasculitis3 (atopy, previous asthma, eosinophilia, migratory pulmonary infiltrates, neurological involvement). Other diseases included in the differential diagnosis are rheumatoid arthritis (pulmonary rheumatoid nodules, accompanied by distal erosive symmetric polyarthritis), sarcoidosis (typically with bilateral hilar adenopathy) and amyloidosis (associated with amyloid deposition in other locations). - Infectious. These are the most frequent cause within the benign aetiology group. These include the following: - Mycobacteria. Their symptoms are usually more severe, with progressive deterioration of the general condition, fever, sweating and haemoptotic cough. - Fungi. They are endemic in certain areas of America. They sometimes cause pneumonia associated with the presence of nodules. Histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis and paracoccidiomycosis. - Septic emboli secondary to right-sided endocarditis, typical of injecting drug users, mostly secondary to Staphylococcus aureus infection. - Lemierre's syndrome, septic thrombophlebitis from parapharyngeal abscess, caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. - Necrotising pneumonia caused by some strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. aureus and anaerobes. Evolution After his transfer to the Infectious Diseases ward, a CT scan of the chest with contrast was requested, in which no repletion defects were seen in the pulmonary arteries, ruling out pulmonary thromboembolism. Multiple pulmonary nodules were visualised, with no necrosis inside, peripherally distributed (mostly subpleural) affecting all the pulmonary lobes, compatible with septic emboli. No mediastinal adenopathies were visualised. Abdominal sections showed a nodule in the periphery of segment V of the liver, with peripheral uptake and central hypodensity, compatible with abscess, so the study was completed with CT of the abdomen. This showed a hypodense vascular structure in the central area of the liver leading to the inferior vena cava, compatible with thrombosis of the minor suprahepatic branch. Circumferential thickening of the wall of the jejunal loops (left) with an inflammatory-infectious appearance was also detected. No portal thrombosis was observed. On the same day, the Microbiology Department reported the growth of Bacteroides fragilis in blood culture. The patient progressed favourably with the prescribed antibiotic therapy (metronidazole 500 mg every 8 hours intravenously), with fever disappearing after 24 hours and presenting clear clinical improvement, with no dyspnoea and no general affectation. During admission, the following complementary tests were requested in order to identify the origin of the symptoms: - Transthoracic echocardiography and later transesophageal echocardiography, which ruled out the presence of endocarditis. - Doppler ultrasound of supra-aortic trunks, which ruled out jugular thrombosis. - Intestinal entero-resonance. Hyperenhancement of the proximal jejunum was still observed. The liver abscess had decreased considerably in size. Thrombosis of one of the suprahepatic veins was still present. No portal thrombosis or other alterations were observed. - Control laboratory tests. They showed a progressive decrease in acute phase reactants and liver cytolysis enzymes. - Control X-ray: slight improvement of the nodular lesions. After 7 days of hospitalisation and for personal reasons, the patient requested voluntary discharge, having shown clear symptomatic improvement, and oral treatment with metronidazole 250 mg 2 tablets every 8 hours was established for a total of 28 days. Final diagnosis Pulmonary septic embolism caused by Bacteroides fragilis secondary to proximal jejunitis.
[ "A", "28-year-old", "man", "from", "Peru", "who", "had", "been", "living", "in", "Spain", "for", "two", "weeks", ".", "He", "had", "no", "history", "of", "interest", ",", "no", "contact", "with", "animals", ",", "no", "toxic", "habits", ",", "and", "no", "usual", "treatment", ".", "He", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "scapular", "pain", ",", "intense", "dyspnoea", "and", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "39oC", "of", "five", "days", "'", "evolution", ".", "He", "had", "no", "oral", "problems", "or", "pharyngeal", "pain", ",", "cough", ",", "expectoration", ",", "symptoms", "of", "inflammatory", "bowel", "disease", "or", "known", "risk", "factors", "for", "liver", "cirrhosis", ".", "On", "examination", "he", "was", "haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "with", "blood", "pressure", "of", "124", "/", "85", "mmHg", "and", "95", "bpm", ",", "febrile", "(", "38", ".", "3oC", ")", ",", "sweating", ",", "with", "adequate", "respiratory", "rate", ",", "saturating", "at", "97", "%", "without", "oxygen", "therapy", ".", "Cardiac", "and", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "and", "abdominal", "examination", "showed", "no", "alterations", ".", "There", "were", "no", "meningeal", "signs", ",", "oropharyngeal", "alterations", "or", "stigmata", "of", "endocarditis", ".", "There", "were", "no", "findings", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", "suggestive", "of", "venous", "thrombosis", ".", "Laboratory", "results", "showed", "marked", "leukocytosis", "(", "20", ",", "840", "cells", "/", "microL", ")", "with", "neutrophilia", "(", "18", ",", "110", "cells", "/", "microL", ")", "and", "serum", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "concentrations", "of", "255", "mg", "/", "L", "and", "procalcitonin", "of", "0", ".", "6", "ng", "/", "mL", ".", "There", "was", "also", "an", "increase", "in", "total", "bilirubin", "(", "1", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", ",", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "an", "increase", "in", "direct", "bilirubin", ",", "and", "an", "increase", "in", "transaminases", "(", "GPT", "155", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "GOT", "40", "IU", "/", "l", ")", ".", "Blood", "cultures", ",", "pneumococcal", "antigen", "in", "urine", "and", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "multiple", "pulmonary", "nodules", "with", "dubious", "cavitation", "in", "some", "of", "them", ".", "Empirical", "treatment", "with", "ceftriaxone", "1", "g", "/", "24", "hours", "and", "metronidazole", "500", "mg", "/", "8", "hours", "was", "started", "and", "admission", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "ward", "was", "requested", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "We", "will", "establish", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "patient", "with", "fever", "and", "multiple", "pulmonary", "nodules", ".", "The", "most", "frequent", "causes", "of", "multiple", "pulmonary", "nodules", "and", "fever", "are", "neoplasms", ",", "systemic", "inflammatory", "diseases", ",", "infections", "and", "vascular", "processes", ".", "-", "Malignant", "neoplasms", ".", "These", "may", "be", "primary", "lung", "(", "mainly", "adenocarcinoma", "and", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", ")", "or", "metastatic", "(", "bronchial", "carcinoma", ",", "colon", ",", "breast", ",", "kidney", ",", "melanoma", "and", "sarcoma", "as", "the", "most", "frequent", "causes", ")", ".", "Another", "infrequent", "cause", "in", "this", "section", "are", "neuroendocrine", "carcinoid", "tumours", ",", "typically", "endobronchial", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "no", "risk", "factors", "for", "lung", "carcinoma", ".", "The", "clinical", "manifestations", "of", "these", "neoplasms", "tend", "to", "be", "more", "severe", "than", "those", "presented", "by", "the", "patient", ";", "in", "addition", ",", "symptoms", "indicative", "of", "primary", "involvement", "of", "one", "of", "the", "presumed", "affected", "organs", "are", "frequent", "in", "the", "case", "of", "suspected", "metastasis", ",", "accompanied", "by", "constitutional", "symptoms", ".", "-", "Benign", "tumours", ".", "The", "most", "frequent", "cause", "of", "benign", "lung", "tumours", "is", "hamartoma", ",", "with", "a", "mixed", "histological", "component", ",", "slow", "progressive", "growth", "and", "a", "popcorn-like", "appearance", "on", "radiography", "and", "computed", "axial", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", ".", "-", "Multiple", "pulmonary", "thromboembolism", ",", "as", "a", "cause", "of", "pulmonary", "infarcts", ",", "could", "be", "considered", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ",", "but", "was", "ruled", "out", "by", "clinical", "and", "contrast-enhanced", "chest", "CT", "(", "see", "later", "findings", ")", ".", "-", "Systemic", "inflammatory", "diseases", ".", "This", "group", "includes", ",", "among", "others", ",", "Wegener", "'", "s", "disease", "(", "multiple", "pulmonary", "nodules", "associated", "with", "otorhinolaryngological", "and", "renal", "involvement", ")", "and", "Churg", "Strauss", "vasculitis3", "(", "atopy", ",", "previous", "asthma", ",", "eosinophilia", ",", "migratory", "pulmonary", "infiltrates", ",", "neurological", "involvement", ")", ".", "Other", "diseases", "included", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "are", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(", "pulmonary", "rheumatoid", "nodules", ",", "accompanied", "by", "distal", "erosive", "symmetric", "polyarthritis", ")", ",", "sarcoidosis", "(", "typically", "with", "bilateral", "hilar", "adenopathy", ")", "and", "amyloidosis", "(", "associated", "with", "amyloid", "deposition", "in", "other", "locations", ")", ".", "-", "Infectious", ".", "These", "are", "the", "most", "frequent", "cause", "within", "the", "benign", "aetiology", "group", ".", "These", "include", "the", "following", ":", "-", "Mycobacteria", ".", "Their", "symptoms", "are", "usually", "more", "severe", ",", "with", "progressive", "deterioration", "of", "the", "general", "condition", ",", "fever", ",", "sweating", "and", "haemoptotic", "cough", ".", "-", "Fungi", ".", "They", "are", "endemic", "in", "certain", "areas", "of", "America", ".", "They", "sometimes", "cause", "pneumonia", "associated", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "nodules", ".", "Histoplasmosis", ",", "coccidiomycosis", "and", "paracoccidiomycosis", ".", "-", "Septic", "emboli", "secondary", "to", "right-sided", "endocarditis", ",", "typical", "of", "injecting", "drug", "users", ",", "mostly", "secondary", "to", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", "infection", ".", "-", "Lemierre", "'", "s", "syndrome", ",", "septic", "thrombophlebitis", "from", "parapharyngeal", "abscess", ",", "caused", "by", "Fusobacterium", "necrophorum", ".", "-", "Necrotising", "pneumonia", "caused", "by", "some", "strains", "of", "Streptococcus", "pneumoniae", ",", "S", ".", "aureus", "and", "anaerobes", ".", "Evolution", "After", "his", "transfer", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "ward", ",", "a", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", "with", "contrast", "was", "requested", ",", "in", "which", "no", "repletion", "defects", "were", "seen", "in", "the", "pulmonary", "arteries", ",", "ruling", "out", "pulmonary", "thromboembolism", ".", "Multiple", "pulmonary", "nodules", "were", "visualised", ",", "with", "no", "necrosis", "inside", ",", "peripherally", "distributed", "(", "mostly", "subpleural", ")", "affecting", "all", "the", "pulmonary", "lobes", ",", "compatible", "with", "septic", "emboli", ".", "No", "mediastinal", "adenopathies", "were", "visualised", ".", "Abdominal", "sections", "showed", "a", "nodule", "in", "the", "periphery", "of", "segment", "V", "of", "the", "liver", ",", "with", "peripheral", "uptake", "and", "central", "hypodensity", ",", "compatible", "with", "abscess", ",", "so", "the", "study", "was", "completed", "with", "CT", "of", "the", "abdomen", ".", "This", "showed", "a", "hypodense", "vascular", "structure", "in", "the", "central", "area", "of", "the", "liver", "leading", "to", "the", "inferior", "vena", "cava", ",", "compatible", "with", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "minor", "suprahepatic", "branch", ".", "Circumferential", "thickening", "of", "the", "wall", "of", "the", "jejunal", "loops", "(", "left", ")", "with", "an", "inflammatory-infectious", "appearance", "was", "also", "detected", ".", "No", "portal", "thrombosis", "was", "observed", ".", "On", "the", "same", "day", ",", "the", "Microbiology", "Department", "reported", "the", "growth", "of", "Bacteroides", "fragilis", "in", "blood", "culture", ".", "The", "patient", "progressed", "favourably", "with", "the", "prescribed", "antibiotic", "therapy", "(", "metronidazole", "500", "mg", "every", "8", "hours", "intravenously", ")", ",", "with", "fever", "disappearing", "after", "24", "hours", "and", "presenting", "clear", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "with", "no", "dyspnoea", "and", "no", "general", "affectation", ".", "During", "admission", ",", "the", "following", "complementary", "tests", "were", "requested", "in", "order", "to", "identify", "the", "origin", "of", "the", "symptoms", ":", "-", "Transthoracic", "echocardiography", "and", "later", "transesophageal", "echocardiography", ",", "which", "ruled", "out", "the", "presence", "of", "endocarditis", ".", "-", "Doppler", "ultrasound", "of", "supra-aortic", "trunks", ",", "which", "ruled", "out", "jugular", "thrombosis", ".", "-", "Intestinal", "entero-resonance", ".", "Hyperenhancement", "of", "the", "proximal", "jejunum", "was", "still", "observed", ".", "The", "liver", "abscess", "had", "decreased", "considerably", "in", "size", ".", "Thrombosis", "of", "one", "of", "the", "suprahepatic", "veins", "was", "still", "present", ".", "No", "portal", "thrombosis", "or", "other", "alterations", "were", "observed", ".", "-", "Control", "laboratory", "tests", ".", "They", "showed", "a", "progressive", "decrease", "in", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "and", "liver", "cytolysis", "enzymes", ".", "-", "Control", "X-ray", ":", "slight", "improvement", "of", "the", "nodular", "lesions", ".", "After", "7", "days", "of", "hospitalisation", "and", "for", "personal", "reasons", ",", "the", "patient", "requested", "voluntary", "discharge", ",", "having", "shown", "clear", "symptomatic", "improvement", ",", "and", "oral", "treatment", "with", "metronidazole", "250", "mg", "2", "tablets", "every", "8", "hours", "was", "established", "for", "a", "total", "of", "28", "days", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Pulmonary", "septic", "embolism", "caused", "by", "Bacteroides", "fragilis", "secondary", "to", "proximal", "jejunitis", "." ]
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en
49-year-old Afro-Caribbean man, security guard, non-smoker, with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. On 29 March he was admitted with cough, fever and dyspnoea of 5 days' evolution. His chest X-ray showed left patchy consolidations, so treatment was started with IV antibiotics and unfractionated heparin due to elevated D-dimer; PPC therapy was also started because of hypoxaemia. However, the patient continued to deteriorate and was intubated. He was transferred to our ICU due to lack of beds on 31 March, where he was given HVVC for worsening acute kidney injury. Respiratory problems improved and he was extubated on 6 April and oxygen therapy was withdrawn, although he still needed intermittent renal support. A renal ultrasound revealed no abnormalities, and a CTA showed a segmental pulmonary embolus, bilateral alveolar infiltrates, ground-glass opacities and small areas of consolidation. An echocardiogram on 21 April revealed good biventricular activity with no structural abnormalities or valvular heart disease. Despite routine physiotherapy, the patient showed persistent bilateral lower extremity weakness. An evaluation of the lower extremities showed bilateral strength reduction (left > right) with difficulty in locomotion and coordination, although reflexes and sensation as well as peripheral pulse were intact. On neurological examination, no upper extremity abnormalities were identified. An MRI showed a bilateral anomalous signal in the deep white matter, which could indicate subcortical marginal zone infarcts. On 27 April the patient was transferred to a neurorehabilitation unit.
[ "", "49-year-old", "Afro-Caribbean", "man", ",", "security", "guard", ",", "non-smoker", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "type", "2", "diabetes", "mellitus", "and", "hypertension", ".", "On", "29", "March", "he", "was", "admitted", "with", "cough", ",", "fever", "and", "dyspnoea", "of", "5", "days", "'", "evolution", ".", "His", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "left", "patchy", "consolidations", ",", "so", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "IV", "antibiotics", "and", "unfractionated", "heparin", "due", "to", "elevated", "D-dimer", ";", "PPC", "therapy", "was", "also", "started", "because", "of", "hypoxaemia", ".", "However", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "to", "deteriorate", "and", "was", "intubated", ".", "He", "was", "transferred", "to", "our", "ICU", "due", "to", "lack", "of", "beds", "on", "31", "March", ",", "where", "he", "was", "given", "HVVC", "for", "worsening", "acute", "kidney", "injury", ".", "Respiratory", "problems", "improved", "and", "he", "was", "extubated", "on", "6", "April", "and", "oxygen", "therapy", "was", "withdrawn", ",", "although", "he", "still", "needed", "intermittent", "renal", "support", ".", "A", "renal", "ultrasound", "revealed", "no", "abnormalities", ",", "and", "a", "CTA", "showed", "a", "segmental", "pulmonary", "embolus", ",", "bilateral", "alveolar", "infiltrates", ",", "ground-glass", "opacities", "and", "small", "areas", "of", "consolidation", ".", "An", "echocardiogram", "on", "21", "April", "revealed", "good", "biventricular", "activity", "with", "no", "structural", "abnormalities", "or", "valvular", "heart", "disease", ".", "Despite", "routine", "physiotherapy", ",", "the", "patient", "showed", "persistent", "bilateral", "lower", "extremity", "weakness", ".", "An", "evaluation", "of", "the", "lower", "extremities", "showed", "bilateral", "strength", "reduction", "(", "left", ">", "right", ")", "with", "difficulty", "in", "locomotion", "and", "coordination", ",", "although", "reflexes", "and", "sensation", "as", "well", "as", "peripheral", "pulse", "were", "intact", ".", "On", "neurological", "examination", ",", "no", "upper", "extremity", "abnormalities", "were", "identified", ".", "An", "MRI", "showed", "a", "bilateral", "anomalous", "signal", "in", "the", "deep", "white", "matter", ",", "which", "could", "indicate", "subcortical", "marginal", "zone", "infarcts", ".", "On", "27", "April", "the", "patient", "was", "transferred", "to", "a", "neurorehabilitation", "unit", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 416, "end": 423 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1084, "end": 1091 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1578, "end": 1585 }, { "text": "man", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 28, "end": 31 }, { "text": "security guard", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 33, "end": 47 } ]
en
We present the case of a 45-year-old woman, a butcher by profession with no personal history of interest, who came to the emergency department for general malaise of a week's duration, associated with arthromyalgia, fever, headache, dry cough and odynophagia. After an initial assessment with no alarming data, the patient was discharged from hospital with a suspected diagnosis of influenza syndrome without specific treatment. Twenty-four hours later she consulted again due to worsening of the clinical condition, this time reporting thermometric fever, cervicalgia, arthralgia and abdominal pain, as well as describing choluria as a new clinical sign. Physical examination revealed abdominal pain located in the right hypochondrium with positive Murphy and polyarthritis. Initial complementary tests included leukocytosis with left deviation, total bilirubin of 3.3 mg/dl at the expense of the direct fraction, mild hypertransaminasemia, and CRP of 269. Given these findings, and the suspicion of acute biliary pathology, an abdominal ultrasound was performed in the emergency department and was anodyne. Based on the presence of fever, polyarthritis and analytical alterations, it was decided to admit the patient on suspicion of febrile symptoms with a probable abdominal focus. Once on the ward, mild jaundice was observed on the mucous membranes. The first suspicion was acute cholangitis, so blood cultures were taken and Ceftriaxone was started empirically, with no improvement in the following 24-48 hours. Laboratory tests were extended with serology for hepatotropic virus and hepatic autoimmunity and it was decided to perform an urgent abdominal CT scan with no evidence of cholecystitis or cholangitis. Given the persistence of the clinical manifestations and having ruled out the presence of biliary pathology to justify the fever and the analytical alterations, the patient was re-interviewed about the onset of the symptoms, stating that she had suffered a cut three weeks prior to the onset of the clinical picture (butcher patient with probable contact with contaminated animals). Given the patient's epidemiological history and the time elapsed, as well as the symptoms reported, febrile syndrome in the context of infection by Coxiella Burnetti was suspected as a diagnostic possibility. Empirical doxycycline was prescribed at a dose of 100 mg every 12 hours. After six days of treatment, there was clinical and laboratory improvement. The serology against C. Burnetii (IgM Ac) was positive, confirming the diagnosis of Q fever.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "45-year-old", "woman", ",", "a", "butcher", "by", "profession", "with", "no", "personal", "history", "of", "interest", ",", "who", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "general", "malaise", "of", "a", "week", "'", "s", "duration", ",", "associated", "with", "arthromyalgia", ",", "fever", ",", "headache", ",", "dry", "cough", "and", "odynophagia", ".", "After", "an", "initial", "assessment", "with", "no", "alarming", "data", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "from", "hospital", "with", "a", "suspected", "diagnosis", "of", "influenza", "syndrome", "without", "specific", "treatment", ".", "Twenty-four", "hours", "later", "she", "consulted", "again", "due", "to", "worsening", "of", "the", "clinical", "condition", ",", "this", "time", "reporting", "thermometric", "fever", ",", "cervicalgia", ",", "arthralgia", "and", "abdominal", "pain", ",", "as", "well", "as", "describing", "choluria", "as", "a", "new", "clinical", "sign", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "abdominal", "pain", "located", "in", "the", "right", "hypochondrium", "with", "positive", "Murphy", "and", "polyarthritis", ".", "Initial", "complementary", "tests", "included", "leukocytosis", "with", "left", "deviation", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "of", "3", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "the", "direct", "fraction", ",", "mild", "hypertransaminasemia", ",", "and", "CRP", "of", "269", ".", "Given", "these", "findings", ",", "and", "the", "suspicion", "of", "acute", "biliary", "pathology", ",", "an", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "was", "performed", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", "and", "was", "anodyne", ".", "Based", "on", "the", "presence", "of", "fever", ",", "polyarthritis", "and", "analytical", "alterations", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "admit", "the", "patient", "on", "suspicion", "of", "febrile", "symptoms", "with", "a", "probable", "abdominal", "focus", ".", "Once", "on", "the", "ward", ",", "mild", "jaundice", "was", "observed", "on", "the", "mucous", "membranes", ".", "The", "first", "suspicion", "was", "acute", "cholangitis", ",", "so", "blood", "cultures", "were", "taken", "and", "Ceftriaxone", "was", "started", "empirically", ",", "with", "no", "improvement", "in", "the", "following", "24-48", "hours", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "were", "extended", "with", "serology", "for", "hepatotropic", "virus", "and", "hepatic", "autoimmunity", "and", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "urgent", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "cholecystitis", "or", "cholangitis", ".", "Given", "the", "persistence", "of", "the", "clinical", "manifestations", "and", "having", "ruled", "out", "the", "presence", "of", "biliary", "pathology", "to", "justify", "the", "fever", "and", "the", "analytical", "alterations", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "re-interviewed", "about", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "symptoms", ",", "stating", "that", "she", "had", "suffered", "a", "cut", "three", "weeks", "prior", "to", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "clinical", "picture", "(", "butcher", "patient", "with", "probable", "contact", "with", "contaminated", "animals", ")", ".", "Given", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "epidemiological", "history", "and", "the", "time", "elapsed", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "symptoms", "reported", ",", "febrile", "syndrome", "in", "the", "context", "of", "infection", "by", "Coxiella", "Burnetti", "was", "suspected", "as", "a", "diagnostic", "possibility", ".", "Empirical", "doxycycline", "was", "prescribed", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "100", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", ".", "After", "six", "days", "of", "treatment", ",", "there", "was", "clinical", "and", "laboratory", "improvement", ".", "The", "serology", "against", "C", ".", "Burnetii", "(", "IgM", "Ac", ")", "was", "positive", ",", "confirming", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "Q", "fever", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 315, "end": 322 }, { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 37, "end": 42 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 76, "end": 84 }, { "text": "butcher", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 46, "end": 53 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1211, "end": 1218 }, { "text": "hepatotropic virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1567, "end": 1585 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1884, "end": 1891 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2044, "end": 2051 }, { "text": "animals", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2092, "end": 2099 }, { "text": "butcher", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2036, "end": 2043 }, { "text": "Coxiella Burnetti", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2250, "end": 2267 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2112, "end": 2119 }, { "text": "C. Burnetii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2481, "end": 2492 } ]
en
A 55-year-old man with a history of ischaemic heart disease attended the emergency department for fever of 6 months of intermittent evolution, accompanied by chills, sweating, asthenia and anorexia. On examination he presented a temperature of 39oC, septic mouth and rhythmic cardiac auscultation at 90 bpm with a multifocal systolic murmur III/VI. Laboratory tests showed haemoglobin 12.5 g/dL, haematocrit 37%, MCV 91 fL, white and platelet series normal, and CRP 9.0 mg/dL. Chest X-ray was normal. Serial blood cultures were taken and the patient was admitted. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed two warts in the anteroseptal mitral leaflet with mild mitral insufficiency. Empirical antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis was started with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2 g/4 h, iv) and gentamicin (80 mg/8 h, iv). Seven days after admission, bacterial growth was detected in 3 of the 4 blood culture bottles. No microorganisms were observed in the direct Gram stain. At 48 hours, in the subculture performed on chocolate agar in a CO2 atmosphere, greyish-coloured punctate colonies grew, which corresponded to gram-negative coccobacilli in the Gram stain. Biochemical tests were as follows: catalase positive, oxidase negative, urea negative, indolnegative and non-fermenting of glucose, galactose and lactose. The micro-organism did not grow in aerobic atmosphere at 37oC or on EMB agar, but did grow on Brucella enanaerobiosis agar. A subculture was performed in thioglycollate broth and after 7 days of incubation, growth was observed in the form of clumps adhering to the wall of the tube and then becoming diffuse throughout the broth. Serological tests for Brucella were negative. Due to the microbiological results obtained and the appearance of new febrile episodes, it was decided to change the antibiotic treatment to ceftriaxone (2g/24 h, iv). The original culture was incubated for a prolonged period of time in a CO2 atmosphere and after 25 days rough colonies with a stellate appearance in the centre were observed by low magnification light microscopy. The sensitivity study was performed by the disc-plate method after prolonged incubation, and was sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones, cotrimoxazole, rifampicin and tetracycline, and resistant to glycopeptides and clindamycin, with negative beta-lactamase determination. The patient's clinical evolution was satisfactory, with no complications. He was discharged and continued with outpatient antibiotic treatment, completing 5 weeks of treatment with ceftriaxone. The existence of endocarditis with a subacute course and the late growth of gram-negative microorganisms in the blood culture should lead us to suspect the participation of microorganisms belonging to the HACEK group, which includes bacteria that are difficult to grow and have special nutritional and incubation requirements. This group includes the following microorganisms: Haemophilus (H. aphrophilus, H.paraphrophilus, etc.), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens and Kingella kingae. The common characteristics of all of them are the following: they are part of the normal flora of the oropharyngeal cavity and upper respiratory tract, they are small gram-negative coccobacilli, they are demanding microorganisms, very slow growing, they require prolonged incubation in CO2 atmosphere and produce similar clinical pictures of insidious course, endocarditis being the most frequent pathology. According to the microbiological results, A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified as the causative organism of this infection. It is a gram-negative, capnophilic, facultative anaerobic, very slow-growing coccobacillus, which is part of the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. It requires blood-enriched culture media and does not grow on selective media such as MacConkey agar or EMB. Endocarditis due to A. actinomycetemcomitans is very rare on both native and prosthetic valves, with 102 cases reported in the literature so far. It is the microorganism of the HACEK group that most frequently causes endocarditis, especially in patients with underlying cardiac pathologies. The entry point is usually an oropharyngeal infection, but it can also be secondary to instrumentation in the oral cavity. On other occasions, as in our case, the origin is related to a septic mouth with teeth in poor condition. A. actinomycetemcomitans is sensitive to cephalosporins, aztreonam, rifampicin, aminoglycosides, aminoglycosides, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and quinolones, with variable sensitivity to penicillin. In endocarditis caused by this microorganism, the most commonly used treatment regimen has been the combination of penicillin or ampicillin with an intravenous aminoglycoside, although penicillinase-producing strains have been described. For this reason, third-generation cephalosporins, associated with either rifampicin or an aminoglycoside, are an option to consider due to their excellent in vitro activity. The recommended duration of treatment is 4 weeks in endocarditis on native valves and 6 weeks when prosthetic valves are affected. The use of fluoroquinolones, as well as cotrimoxazole or aztreonam, should be considered as an alternative in patients who are intolerant or allergic to beta-lactams, given their high sensitivity rates and the in vitro demonstration of synergy with rifampicin. Isolated cases of complete cure have been reported after treatment with oral ciprofloxacin, alone or in association with rifampicin or doxycycline, for a longer period of time than with parenteral treatments (8 weeks). These data suggest that oral fluoroquinolones may be a valid option, as monotherapy or in combination with other antimicrobials, in episodes of A. actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis without serious complications. Valve replacement is necessary in 24% of cases.
[ "A", "55-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "ischaemic", "heart", "disease", "attended", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "fever", "of", "6", "months", "of", "intermittent", "evolution", ",", "accompanied", "by", "chills", ",", "sweating", ",", "asthenia", "and", "anorexia", ".", "On", "examination", "he", "presented", "a", "temperature", "of", "39oC", ",", "septic", "mouth", "and", "rhythmic", "cardiac", "auscultation", "at", "90", "bpm", "with", "a", "multifocal", "systolic", "murmur", "III", "/", "VI", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "haemoglobin", "12", ".", "5", "g", "/", "dL", ",", "haematocrit", "37", "%", ",", "MCV", "91", "fL", ",", "white", "and", "platelet", "series", "normal", ",", "and", "CRP", "9", ".", "0", "mg", "/", "dL", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "was", "normal", ".", "Serial", "blood", "cultures", "were", "taken", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "admitted", ".", "A", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "showed", "two", "warts", "in", "the", "anteroseptal", "mitral", "leaflet", "with", "mild", "mitral", "insufficiency", ".", "Empirical", "antibiotic", "treatment", "for", "infective", "endocarditis", "was", "started", "with", "amoxicillin-clavulanic", "acid", "(", "2", "g", "/", "4", "h", ",", "iv", ")", "and", "gentamicin", "(", "80", "mg", "/", "8", "h", ",", "iv", ")", ".", "Seven", "days", "after", "admission", ",", "bacterial", "growth", "was", "detected", "in", "3", "of", "the", "4", "blood", "culture", "bottles", ".", "No", "microorganisms", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "direct", "Gram", "stain", ".", "At", "48", "hours", ",", "in", "the", "subculture", "performed", "on", "chocolate", "agar", "in", "a", "CO2", "atmosphere", ",", "greyish-coloured", "punctate", "colonies", "grew", ",", "which", "corresponded", "to", "gram-negative", "coccobacilli", "in", "the", "Gram", "stain", ".", "Biochemical", "tests", "were", "as", "follows", ":", "catalase", "positive", ",", "oxidase", "negative", ",", "urea", "negative", ",", "indolnegative", "and", "non-fermenting", "of", "glucose", ",", "galactose", "and", "lactose", ".", "The", "micro-organism", "did", "not", "grow", "in", "aerobic", "atmosphere", "at", "37oC", "or", "on", "EMB", "agar", ",", "but", "did", "grow", "on", "Brucella", "enanaerobiosis", "agar", ".", "A", "subculture", "was", "performed", "in", "thioglycollate", "broth", "and", "after", "7", "days", "of", "incubation", ",", "growth", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "form", "of", "clumps", "adhering", "to", "the", "wall", "of", "the", "tube", "and", "then", "becoming", "diffuse", "throughout", "the", "broth", ".", "Serological", "tests", "for", "Brucella", "were", "negative", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "microbiological", "results", "obtained", "and", "the", "appearance", "of", "new", "febrile", "episodes", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "change", "the", "antibiotic", "treatment", "to", "ceftriaxone", "(", "2g", "/", "24", "h", ",", "iv", ")", ".", "The", "original", "culture", "was", "incubated", "for", "a", "prolonged", "period", "of", "time", "in", "a", "CO2", "atmosphere", "and", "after", "25", "days", "rough", "colonies", "with", "a", "stellate", "appearance", "in", "the", "centre", "were", "observed", "by", "low", "magnification", "light", "microscopy", ".", "The", "sensitivity", "study", "was", "performed", "by", "the", "disc-plate", "method", "after", "prolonged", "incubation", ",", "and", "was", "sensitive", "to", "penicillin", ",", "cephalosporins", ",", "aminoglycosides", ",", "quinolones", ",", "cotrimoxazole", ",", "rifampicin", "and", "tetracycline", ",", "and", "resistant", "to", "glycopeptides", "and", "clindamycin", ",", "with", "negative", "beta-lactamase", "determination", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "clinical", "evolution", "was", "satisfactory", ",", "with", "no", "complications", ".", "He", "was", "discharged", "and", "continued", "with", "outpatient", "antibiotic", "treatment", ",", "completing", "5", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "with", "ceftriaxone", ".", "The", "existence", "of", "endocarditis", "with", "a", "subacute", "course", "and", "the", "late", "growth", "of", "gram-negative", "microorganisms", "in", "the", "blood", "culture", "should", "lead", "us", "to", "suspect", "the", "participation", "of", "microorganisms", "belonging", "to", "the", "HACEK", "group", ",", "which", "includes", "bacteria", "that", "are", "difficult", "to", "grow", "and", "have", "special", "nutritional", "and", "incubation", "requirements", ".", "This", "group", "includes", "the", "following", "microorganisms", ":", "Haemophilus", "(", "H", ".", "aphrophilus", ",", "H", ".", "paraphrophilus", ",", "etc", ".", ")", ",", "Actinobacillus", "actinomycetemcomitans", ",", "Cardiobacterium", "hominis", ",", "Eikenella", "corrodens", "and", "Kingella", "kingae", ".", "The", "common", "characteristics", "of", "all", "of", "them", "are", "the", "following", ":", "they", "are", "part", "of", "the", "normal", "flora", "of", "the", "oropharyngeal", "cavity", "and", "upper", "respiratory", "tract", ",", "they", "are", "small", "gram-negative", "coccobacilli", ",", "they", "are", "demanding", "microorganisms", ",", "very", "slow", "growing", ",", "they", "require", "prolonged", "incubation", "in", "CO2", "atmosphere", "and", "produce", "similar", "clinical", "pictures", "of", "insidious", "course", ",", "endocarditis", "being", "the", "most", "frequent", "pathology", ".", "According", "to", "the", "microbiological", "results", ",", "A", ".", "actinomycetemcomitans", "was", "identified", "as", "the", "causative", "organism", "of", "this", "infection", ".", "It", "is", "a", "gram-negative", ",", "capnophilic", ",", "facultative", "anaerobic", ",", "very", "slow-growing", "coccobacillus", ",", "which", "is", "part", "of", "the", "normal", "bacterial", "flora", "of", "the", "oral", "cavity", ".", "It", "requires", "blood-enriched", "culture", "media", "and", "does", "not", "grow", "on", "selective", "media", "such", "as", "MacConkey", "agar", "or", "EMB", ".", "Endocarditis", "due", "to", "A", ".", "actinomycetemcomitans", "is", "very", "rare", "on", "both", "native", "and", "prosthetic", "valves", ",", "with", "102", "cases", "reported", "in", "the", "literature", "so", "far", ".", "It", "is", "the", "microorganism", "of", "the", "HACEK", "group", "that", "most", "frequently", "causes", "endocarditis", ",", "especially", "in", "patients", "with", "underlying", "cardiac", "pathologies", ".", "The", "entry", "point", "is", "usually", "an", "oropharyngeal", "infection", ",", "but", "it", "can", "also", "be", "secondary", "to", "instrumentation", "in", "the", "oral", "cavity", ".", "On", "other", "occasions", ",", "as", "in", "our", "case", ",", "the", "origin", "is", "related", "to", "a", "septic", "mouth", "with", "teeth", "in", "poor", "condition", ".", "A", ".", "actinomycetemcomitans", "is", "sensitive", "to", "cephalosporins", ",", "aztreonam", ",", "rifampicin", ",", "aminoglycosides", ",", "aminoglycosides", ",", "cotrimoxazole", ",", "tetracycline", ",", "chloramphenicol", "and", "quinolones", ",", "with", "variable", "sensitivity", "to", "penicillin", ".", "In", "endocarditis", "caused", "by", "this", "microorganism", ",", "the", "most", "commonly", "used", "treatment", "regimen", "has", "been", "the", "combination", "of", "penicillin", "or", "ampicillin", "with", "an", "intravenous", "aminoglycoside", ",", "although", "penicillinase-producing", "strains", "have", "been", "described", ".", "For", "this", "reason", ",", "third-generation", "cephalosporins", ",", "associated", "with", "either", "rifampicin", "or", "an", "aminoglycoside", ",", "are", "an", "option", "to", "consider", "due", "to", "their", "excellent", "in", "vitro", "activity", ".", "The", "recommended", "duration", "of", "treatment", "is", "4", "weeks", "in", "endocarditis", "on", "native", "valves", "and", "6", "weeks", "when", "prosthetic", "valves", "are", "affected", ".", "The", "use", "of", "fluoroquinolones", ",", "as", "well", "as", "cotrimoxazole", "or", "aztreonam", ",", "should", "be", "considered", "as", "an", "alternative", "in", "patients", "who", "are", "intolerant", "or", "allergic", "to", "beta-lactams", ",", "given", "their", "high", "sensitivity", "rates", "and", "the", "in", "vitro", "demonstration", "of", "synergy", "with", "rifampicin", ".", "Isolated", "cases", "of", "complete", "cure", "have", "been", "reported", "after", "treatment", "with", "oral", "ciprofloxacin", ",", "alone", "or", "in", "association", "with", "rifampicin", "or", "doxycycline", ",", "for", "a", "longer", "period", "of", "time", "than", "with", "parenteral", "treatments", "(", "8", "weeks", ")", ".", "These", "data", "suggest", "that", "oral", "fluoroquinolones", "may", "be", "a", "valid", "option", ",", "as", "monotherapy", "or", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "antimicrobials", ",", "in", "episodes", "of", "A", ".", "actinomycetemcomitans", "endocarditis", "without", "serious", "complications", ".", "Valve", "replacement", "is", "necessary", "in", "24", "%", "of", "cases", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Brucella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1421, "end": 1429 }, { "text": "Brucella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1679, "end": 1687 }, { "text": "colonies", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1089, "end": 1097 }, { "text": "colonies", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1981, "end": 1989 }, { "text": "micro-organism", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1331, "end": 1345 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 928, "end": 942 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 542, "end": 549 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2391, "end": 2398 }, { "text": "gram-negative coccobacilli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1126, "end": 1152 }, { "text": "HACEK", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2787, "end": 2792 }, { "text": "Haemophilus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2959, "end": 2970 }, { "text": "bacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2815, "end": 2823 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2672, "end": 2686 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2755, "end": 2769 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2943, "end": 2957 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3331, "end": 3345 }, { "text": "H. aphrophilus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2972, "end": 2986 }, { "text": "H.paraphrophilus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2988, "end": 3004 }, { "text": "Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3013, "end": 3049 }, { "text": "Cardiobacterium hominis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3051, "end": 3074 }, { "text": "Eikenella corrodens", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3076, "end": 3095 }, { "text": "Kingella kingae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3100, "end": 3115 }, { "text": "gram-negative coccobacilli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3284, "end": 3310 }, { "text": "normal flora of the oropharyngeal cavity and upper respiratory tract", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3199, "end": 3267 }, { "text": "normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3766, "end": 3807 }, { "text": "A. actinomycetemcomitans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3568, "end": 3592 }, { "text": "HACEK", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4097, "end": 4102 }, { "text": "microorganism", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4076, "end": 4089 }, { "text": "patients", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4165, "end": 4173 }, { "text": "A. actinomycetemcomitans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3940, "end": 3964 }, { "text": "penicillinase-producing strains", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4842, "end": 4873 }, { "text": "microorganism", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4688, "end": 4701 }, { "text": "patients", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5310, "end": 5318 }, { "text": "A. actinomycetemcomitans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4441, "end": 4465 }, { "text": "A. actinomycetemcomitans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 5824, "end": 5848 } ]
en
A 61-year-old man, with no medical or surgical history of interest and who had been complaining of fever for a week. He was admitted to his referral hospital, where he observed bacteraemia due to S. viridans group and a possible wart on the mitral valve, and was transferred to our centre to assess surgery for suspected infective endocarditis. Targeted antibiotic treatment was started there. At our hospital he was in good general condition and was febrile. Physical examination was normal. After continuing antibiotic treatment, the patient remained with daily fever and did not report any symptoms suggesting an origin. Serial blood cultures were negative, chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound were unremarkable and echocardiography was normal. On the 5th day of admission, a CT scan showed a 5.5 cm liver abscess in segment III of the left hepatic lobe and a "foreign body" passing through the distal wall of the gastric antrum and impacting the adjacent hepatic parenchyma. Gastroscopy revealed only an antral hyperemic mucosa. General surgery was contacted and the collection was drained. The patient's subsequent evolution was satisfactory with disappearance of fever and progressive improvement in general condition. Surgical cultures showed Streptococcus anginosus group, Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella parvula and a fishbone was identified in the purulent material. Streptococcus group anginosus is considered part of the Streptococcus group viridans. In general, within this group, the species S. anginosus has been associated with bacteraemia and the other two species, S. constellatus and S. intermedius are associated with abscess production. In liver abscesses secondary to gastrointestinal foreign body perforation, the non-specific and variable symptomatology of this entity, as well as the fact that patients often do not remember the time of ingestion, make the diagnosis of foreign body liver perforation even more complicated. In our patient, the abscess originated from migration through the gastric wall of a fish bone.
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[ { "text": "bacteraemia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 177, "end": 188 }, { "text": "S. viridans group", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 196, "end": 213 }, { "text": "Streptococcus anginosus group", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1251, "end": 1280 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 536, "end": 543 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1100, "end": 1107 }, { "text": "Prevotella intermedia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1282, "end": 1303 }, { "text": "Veillonella parvula", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1308, "end": 1327 }, { "text": "bacteraemia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1551, "end": 1562 }, { "text": "species", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1505, "end": 1512 }, { "text": "species", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1581, "end": 1588 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 50-year-old woman with a personal history of herniated discs, one at cervical level, doubly operated on with good evolution, and others at lumbar level L4-L5 and L5-S1 involving the left foraminal recess, under symptomatic treatment. The patient came to the emergency department three days after having been treated by the Pain Unit with lumbar epidural infiltration of bupivacaine and triamcinolone because she presented postural headache with clear worsening with standing and improvement with decubitus since the treatment was carried out. She was seen by Internal Medicine and discharged with a diagnosis of post-epidural infiltration headache and analgesic treatment and oral caffeine. Five days after visiting the emergency department, the patient was referred back to the hospital by SUMMA for having presented two generalised tonic-clonic seizures, without recovery of the level of consciousness. Given the suspicion of status epilepticus, it was decided to admit her to the Intensive Care Unit. Her family reported that between the two visits to the ED the headache had persisted despite the prescribed treatment, with no change in its intensity or characteristics. The patient had a family history of stroke on the part of her father and two paternal aunts under the age of 60. Physical examination Blood pressure 120/60 mmHg, heart rate 120 bpm, saturation 97% with nose glasses at 5 bpm. Cardiac auscultation rhythmic and without murmurs, pulmonary auscultation with preserved vesicular murmur without other added noises, abdominal and lower limb examination without pathological alterations. Glasgow Coma Scale score 9/15 (eye opening on command 3; no speech 1, and localisation of painful stimuli 5). Pupils were bilaterally and symmetrically mydriatic and reactive to light. Trunk reflexes were preserved. He had paresis of the left upper limb, with preserved spontaneous mobility of the rest of the limb, localising painful stimuli appropriately. No abnormal movements were observed. The respiratory pattern was normal. Complementary tests - Emergency laboratory tests: 15,670 leukocytes with 68.3% neutrophils. D-dimer 3.10 μg/l (0.1-0.5). Rest of haemogram, biochemistry and coagulation normal. - Microbiological study: core syphilis, Brucella, agglutinations, Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM and Borrelia burgdorferi (G + M): negative. - Immunological study: normal. - Thrombophilia study (factor VIII, protein C, functional protein S, antigenic protein S (total and free), functional plasminogen 119% (75-120), active protein C resist. negative. Lupus anticoagulant: normal. - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis (haemorrhagic fluid): leucocyte count 20 cells/mm3; glucose 73 mg/dl, protein 89 mg/dl, A adenosine deaminase 7.16 IU/l, lactate 3.7 mmol/l. - CSF microbiology: negative Ziehl-Nielsen stain. No microorganisms were observed in the gram stain. Culture of mycobacteria, aerobes and anaerobes negative. - Urine toxins: negative. - Chest X-ray: no images of infiltrates. - Electrocardiogram: sinus rhythm at 100 bpm. - Emergency computed tomography (CT) of the skull: hyperdensity was observed in the interhemispheric frontal sulci, up to the level of the third ventricle, in relation to subarachnoid haemorrhage. - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain: thrombosis of the superior longitudinal sinus. Complete occlusion of the anterior half of the superior longitudinal sinus and partial occlusion of the first half of the posterior half, so that only the posterior quarter was clearly patent. Parenchymal lesions in the right frontal lobe. These appeared to correspond to vasogenic oedema with some areas of cytotoxic oedema mainly at the cortical level in the convexity. Rare haemorrhagic components. High interhemispheric subarachnoid haemorrhage. Small intraventricular haemorrhage. No hydrocephalus. Brain MRI: parenchymal lesions in the right frontal lobe. They appear to correspond to vasogenic oedema with some areas of cytotoxic oedema, especially at the cortical level in the convexity. Few haemorrhagic components. High interhemispheric subarachnoid haemorrhage. Small intraventricular haemorrhage. No hydrocephalus. - Control CT scan (ten days after admission): good radiological evolution with resolution of the right frontal haematoma and practically no subarachnoid haemorrhage. Decrease in the mass effect of the parenchymal lesion. - Video-electroencephalogram of wakefulness control in which, on an adequate background activity, very slight signs of cerebral involvement were recorded in the left temporal region. No epileptiform abnormalities or epileptic seizures were recorded. Diagnosis - CSF hypotension syndrome after epidural infiltration. - Venous thrombosis at the level of the sagittal sinus. - Right frontal ischaemic infarction and subarachnoid haemorrhage. - Convulsive status. Treatment and evolution The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of status convulsus, starting antiepileptic treatment with levetiracetam; an urgent cranial CT scan was performed, which revealed a subarachnoid haemorrhage, followed by a lumbar puncture that ruled out infection of the central nervous system. Subsequently, MRI and cerebral MRI angiography led to a diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis and it was decided to start anticoagulant treatment with low molecular weight heparin, with a subsequent change to acenocoumarol. Cerebral MRI angiography: thrombosis of the superior longitudinal sinus: complete occlusion of the anterior half of the superior longitudinal sinus and partial occlusion of the first half of the posterior half, so that only the posterior quarter is clearly permeable. The patient remained in the ICU for five days and, given the good evolution, was transferred to the Neurology ward, where the study was completed. At discharge she was neurologically asymptomatic. She remained anticoagulated for three months with acenocoumarol and then changed to antiplatelet therapy. After the acute episode, she did not present new epileptic seizures, so after one year, and after a control EEG, which was normal, the antiepileptic drug was withdrawn. The immunological and thrombophilia tests were negative. To date, the patient has remained asymptomatic, with no new neurological episodes or thrombosis at any other level.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "50-year-old", "woman", "with", "a", "personal", "history", "of", "herniated", "discs", ",", "one", "at", "cervical", "level", ",", "doubly", "operated", "on", "with", "good", "evolution", ",", "and", "others", "at", "lumbar", "level", "L4-L5", "and", "L5-S1", "involving", "the", "left", "foraminal", "recess", ",", "under", "symptomatic", "treatment", ".", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "three", "days", "after", "having", "been", "treated", "by", "the", "Pain", "Unit", "with", "lumbar", "epidural", "infiltration", "of", "bupivacaine", "and", "triamcinolone", "because", "she", "presented", "postural", "headache", "with", "clear", "worsening", "with", "standing", "and", "improvement", "with", "decubitus", "since", "the", "treatment", "was", "carried", "out", ".", "She", "was", "seen", "by", "Internal", "Medicine", "and", "discharged", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "post-epidural", "infiltration", "headache", "and", "analgesic", "treatment", "and", "oral", "caffeine", ".", "Five", "days", "after", "visiting", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "back", "to", "the", "hospital", "by", "SUMMA", "for", "having", "presented", "two", "generalised", "tonic-clonic", "seizures", ",", "without", "recovery", "of", "the", "level", "of", "consciousness", ".", "Given", "the", "suspicion", "of", "status", "epilepticus", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "admit", "her", "to", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", ".", "Her", "family", "reported", "that", "between", "the", "two", "visits", "to", "the", "ED", "the", "headache", "had", "persisted", "despite", "the", "prescribed", "treatment", ",", "with", "no", "change", "in", "its", "intensity", "or", "characteristics", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "a", "family", "history", "of", "stroke", "on", "the", "part", "of", "her", "father", "and", "two", "paternal", "aunts", "under", "the", "age", "of", "60", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Blood", "pressure", "120", "/", "60", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "120", "bpm", ",", "saturation", "97", "%", "with", "nose", "glasses", "at", "5", "bpm", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", "rhythmic", "and", "without", "murmurs", ",", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "with", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", "without", "other", "added", "noises", ",", "abdominal", "and", "lower", "limb", "examination", "without", "pathological", "alterations", ".", "Glasgow", "Coma", "Scale", "score", "9", "/", "15", "(", "eye", "opening", "on", "command", "3", ";", "no", "speech", "1", ",", "and", "localisation", "of", "painful", "stimuli", "5", ")", ".", "Pupils", "were", "bilaterally", "and", "symmetrically", "mydriatic", "and", "reactive", "to", "light", ".", "Trunk", "reflexes", "were", "preserved", ".", "He", "had", "paresis", "of", "the", "left", "upper", "limb", ",", "with", "preserved", "spontaneous", "mobility", "of", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "limb", ",", "localising", "painful", "stimuli", "appropriately", ".", "No", "abnormal", "movements", "were", "observed", ".", "The", "respiratory", "pattern", "was", "normal", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "Emergency", "laboratory", "tests", ":", "15", ",", "670", "leukocytes", "with", "68", ".", "3", "%", "neutrophils", ".", "D-dimer", "3", ".", "10", "μg", "/", "l", "(", "0", ".", "1-0", ".", "5", ")", ".", "Rest", "of", "haemogram", ",", "biochemistry", "and", "coagulation", "normal", ".", "-", "Microbiological", "study", ":", "core", "syphilis", ",", "Brucella", ",", "agglutinations", ",", "Mycoplasma", "pneumoniae", "IgM", "and", "Borrelia", "burgdorferi", "(", "G", "+", "M", ")", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Immunological", "study", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Thrombophilia", "study", "(", "factor", "VIII", ",", "protein", "C", ",", "functional", "protein", "S", ",", "antigenic", "protein", "S", "(", "total", "and", "free", ")", ",", "functional", "plasminogen", "119", "%", "(", "75-120", ")", ",", "active", "protein", "C", "resist", ".", "negative", ".", "Lupus", "anticoagulant", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "analysis", "(", "haemorrhagic", "fluid", ")", ":", "leucocyte", "count", "20", "cells", "/", "mm3", ";", "glucose", "73", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "protein", "89", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "A", "adenosine", "deaminase", "7", ".", "16", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "lactate", "3", ".", "7", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "-", "CSF", "microbiology", ":", "negative", "Ziehl-Nielsen", "stain", ".", "No", "microorganisms", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "gram", "stain", ".", "Culture", "of", "mycobacteria", ",", "aerobes", "and", "anaerobes", "negative", ".", "-", "Urine", "toxins", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "no", "images", "of", "infiltrates", ".", "-", "Electrocardiogram", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "at", "100", "bpm", ".", "-", "Emergency", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "of", "the", "skull", ":", "hyperdensity", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "interhemispheric", "frontal", "sulci", ",", "up", "to", "the", "level", "of", "the", "third", "ventricle", ",", "in", "relation", "to", "subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", ".", "-", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "of", "the", "brain", ":", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "superior", "longitudinal", "sinus", ".", "Complete", "occlusion", "of", "the", "anterior", "half", "of", "the", "superior", "longitudinal", "sinus", "and", "partial", "occlusion", "of", "the", "first", "half", "of", "the", "posterior", "half", ",", "so", "that", "only", "the", "posterior", "quarter", "was", "clearly", "patent", ".", "Parenchymal", "lesions", "in", "the", "right", "frontal", "lobe", ".", "These", "appeared", "to", "correspond", "to", "vasogenic", "oedema", "with", "some", "areas", "of", "cytotoxic", "oedema", "mainly", "at", "the", "cortical", "level", "in", "the", "convexity", ".", "Rare", "haemorrhagic", "components", ".", "High", "interhemispheric", "subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", ".", "Small", "intraventricular", "haemorrhage", ".", "No", "hydrocephalus", ".", "Brain", "MRI", ":", "parenchymal", "lesions", "in", "the", "right", "frontal", "lobe", ".", "They", "appear", "to", "correspond", "to", "vasogenic", "oedema", "with", "some", "areas", "of", "cytotoxic", "oedema", ",", "especially", "at", "the", "cortical", "level", "in", "the", "convexity", ".", "Few", "haemorrhagic", "components", ".", "High", "interhemispheric", "subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", ".", "Small", "intraventricular", "haemorrhage", ".", "No", "hydrocephalus", ".", "-", "Control", "CT", "scan", "(", "ten", "days", "after", "admission", ")", ":", "good", "radiological", "evolution", "with", "resolution", "of", "the", "right", "frontal", "haematoma", "and", "practically", "no", "subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", ".", "Decrease", "in", "the", "mass", "effect", "of", "the", "parenchymal", "lesion", ".", "-", "Video-electroencephalogram", "of", "wakefulness", "control", "in", "which", ",", "on", "an", "adequate", "background", "activity", ",", "very", "slight", "signs", "of", "cerebral", "involvement", "were", "recorded", "in", "the", "left", "temporal", "region", ".", "No", "epileptiform", "abnormalities", "or", "epileptic", "seizures", "were", "recorded", ".", "Diagnosis", "-", "CSF", "hypotension", "syndrome", "after", "epidural", "infiltration", ".", "-", "Venous", "thrombosis", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "sagittal", "sinus", ".", "-", "Right", "frontal", "ischaemic", "infarction", "and", "subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", ".", "-", "Convulsive", "status", ".", "Treatment", "and", "evolution", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", "(", "ICU", ")", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "status", "convulsus", ",", "starting", "antiepileptic", "treatment", "with", "levetiracetam", ";", "an", "urgent", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "revealed", "a", "subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", ",", "followed", "by", "a", "lumbar", "puncture", "that", "ruled", "out", "infection", "of", "the", "central", "nervous", "system", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "MRI", "and", "cerebral", "MRI", "angiography", "led", "to", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "cerebral", "venous", "thrombosis", "and", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "anticoagulant", "treatment", "with", "low", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", ",", "with", "a", "subsequent", "change", "to", "acenocoumarol", ".", "Cerebral", "MRI", "angiography", ":", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "superior", "longitudinal", "sinus", ":", "complete", "occlusion", "of", "the", "anterior", "half", "of", "the", "superior", "longitudinal", "sinus", "and", "partial", "occlusion", "of", "the", "first", "half", "of", "the", "posterior", "half", ",", "so", "that", "only", "the", "posterior", "quarter", "is", "clearly", "permeable", ".", "The", "patient", "remained", "in", "the", "ICU", "for", "five", "days", "and", ",", "given", "the", "good", "evolution", ",", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Neurology", "ward", ",", "where", "the", "study", "was", "completed", ".", "At", "discharge", "she", "was", "neurologically", "asymptomatic", ".", "She", "remained", "anticoagulated", "for", "three", "months", "with", "acenocoumarol", "and", "then", "changed", "to", "antiplatelet", "therapy", ".", "After", "the", "acute", "episode", ",", "she", "did", "not", "present", "new", "epileptic", "seizures", ",", "so", "after", "one", "year", ",", "and", "after", "a", "control", "EEG", ",", "which", "was", "normal", ",", "the", "antiepileptic", "drug", "was", "withdrawn", ".", "The", "immunological", "and", "thrombophilia", "tests", "were", "negative", ".", "To", "date", ",", "the", "patient", "has", "remained", "asymptomatic", ",", "with", "no", "new", "neurological", "episodes", "or", "thrombosis", "at", "any", "other", "level", "." ]
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en
We present the case of a 44-year-old patient with a history of psoriatic arthritis, on treatment with prednisone 5mg per day, oral methotrexate 25mg per week and colchicine, who came to the emergency department for clinical symptoms of 2 weeks' evolution, consisting of postprandial epigastralgia, non-thermometric dysthermic sensation, asthenia and progressively jaundice and choluria. In the ED, fever up to 38.5oC was observed, preceded by shivering. Examination revealed general malaise, mucocutaneous-conjunctival jaundice, soft abdomen, pain in the right hypochondrium, murphy dubiously positive, with some erythematous-squamous lesions of psoriatic appearance on the abdomen. Laboratory tests on admission showed Hb 11.3g/dl, 97000 platelets/mm3, without alteration of the white series; slightly altered coagulation (INR 1.2, PT 14.7s), mild deterioration of renal function (creatinine 1.29mg/dl, starting from 0.8mg/dl), bilirubin 1.77mg/dl, elevated GOT/GPT/alkaline phosphatase (200/114/104U/l) and CRP 273mg/l. Abdominal ultrasound showed only 16cm of splenomegaly. Abdominal CT scan showed inflammation of the fat adjacent to the pancreaticoduodenal sulcus, with no other findings or adenopathies. Initially, high-spectrum treatment was administered, suspecting intra-abdominal infection, with piperaziline / tazobactam, doxycycline and withdrawal of immunosuppressants. Progressive worsening was found, with elevated transaminases and bilirubin (up to 5mg/dl), as well as a fall in haemoglobin (up to 8.5g/dl). (up to 8.5g/dl), accompanied by leukopenia (2940 leukocytes) and plateletopenia (87000/mm3). Blood and urine cultures were negative, as were multiple viral serologies. Finally, after obtaining a very positive serology for Leishmania, a bone marrow study was requested for definitive diagnosis. The biopsy found no Leishmania amastigotes, but the polymerase chain reaction was positive for the parasite. Treatment with amphotericin B (200mg iv) was started, but after two doses, this treatment had to be discontinued due to episodes of pelvic and lumbar pain, psychomotor agitation and nervousness, accompanied by involuntary movements of the lower limbs. She subsequently started treatment with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) 3.75mg intramuscularly for 21 days, with rapid improvement in symptoms. One month after treatment, a negative PCR for leishmaniasis was observed.
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 37, "end": 44 }, { "text": "infection", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1290, "end": 1299 }, { "text": "Leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1746, "end": 1756 }, { "text": "Leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1838, "end": 1848 }, { "text": "Leishmania amastigotes", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1838, "end": 1860 }, { "text": "parasite", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1917, "end": 1925 } ]
en
BACKGROUND: Family history: father and one brother disease with early coronary artery disease (< 55 years) and hypercholesterolemia. Non-smoker. No arterial hypertension (AHT) or diabetes mellitus (DM). Drinker of two glasses of wine/day and a few drinks at weekends. Probable familial hypercholesterolaemia. In 2004. Total cholesterol 326 mg/dl, triglycerides 102 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 65 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 245 mg/dl. Intolerance to atorvastatin 10 mg: alteration of liver tests in 2009: GOT 366 U/L; GPT 981 U/L; GGT 699 U/L, normalised after discontinuation of statin. Liver ultrasound with no alterations. Fatty liver (slight elevation of GGT and ultrasound 2016). CURRENT ILLNESS: February 2018: consultation for having presented with diffuse chest pain the previous day, oppressive, after climbing a steep slope, lasting approximately 5 minutes, which subsided after stopping the effort. In the last 6 months, more sedentary life; previously well-tolerated physical exercise. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Good general condition, blood pressure (BP) 137/80 mmHg, height 171, weight 76, body mass index (BMI) 26, head and neck without alterations. Cardiopulmonary auscultation normal. Abdomen and extremities normal. No corneal arcus, xanthomas or xanthelasmas. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS ECG: sinus rhythm 80 per min, incomplete right bundle branch block, without repolarisation alterations. Laboratory tests (ED): haemoglobin 15.6 g/dl, leucocytes 7410, platelets 200,000, glucose 108 mg/dl (not basal), creatinine 0.91 mg/d, sodium 144 mEq/l, potassium 4.5 mEq/l, normal transaminases (GOT and GPT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) 85 U/L, troponin I negative. ANALYTICS (fasting): glucose 95 mg/dl, glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.4%, FGE > 90 ml/min, total cholesterol 267 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 54 mg/dl, triglycerides 115 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 190 mg/dl. ECOCARDIOGRAM: cardiac cavities of normal dimensions. Global and segmental systolic function of the left ventricle without alterations. No valvulopathies, short circuits or pericardial effusion. ERGOMETRY: Bruce protocol, basal heart rate (HR) 70 bpm, BP 135/70 mmHg. Suspended at 10.30 minutes. HR 178 bpm and BP 175/80 mmHg. Clinical and ECG negative. 12 metabolic equivalents (METs) (image 2). CORONARY ANGIO-CT: (after administration of atenolol iv, sinus rhythm 62 per min), acceptable quality of the study, with very slight step artifacts. Origin and course of the coronary arteries normal. Left coronary trunk (15 mm) without stenosis or calcifications, anterior descending artery, after the origin of a large first diagonal presents a moderate stenosis (50-75%) concentric, without calcified plaque, in the middle segment of about 10 mm. Circumflex artery hypoplastic, with a slight non-calcified lesion at its origin (< 50%). Intermediate branch of small development. Dominant right coronary artery, without significant stenosis or calcifications, which originates a large posterolateral branch with a slight stenosis, non-calcified (< 50%) at its origin. CLINICAL EVOLUTION Patient with a family history of early coronary heart disease and suspected familial hypercholesterolemia, asymptomatic from the cardiological point of view until the current episode, highly suggestive of exertional angina. Years earlier he had received treatment with statins, initially simvastatin 20, but this was replaced due to ineffectiveness (LDL-C > 180 mg/d) by atorvastatin 10, which had to be discontinued due to liver damage, reversible when treatment was discontinued. This occurred in 2009 (at that time he had dropped to LDL 129 mg/dl). Since then, without lipid-lowering treatment, he has maintained LDL-C levels between 180 and 250 mg/dl. Currently, she consulted for a single chest pain related to greater than usual exertion; an acute event was ruled out and exercise testing was performed, which was negative for 12 METs, but due to the likelihood of coronary disease (typical symptoms, family history and hypercholesterolemia maintained for many years), coronary angio-CT was requested, which showed several non-significant stenoses in the coronary tree. In view of these results, antiplatelet treatment was started (acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg), beta-blockers (bisoprolol 2.5 mg) and ramipril (2.5 mg), in addition to lipid-lowering treatment in this case with a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (iPCSK9) inhibitor (evolocumab 140 mg/2 weeks) due to a history of probable familial hypercholesterolaemia, intolerance to the initial dose of atorvastatin and ineffectiveness with another less potent statin and the presence of coronary heart disease. The patient is currently awaiting the results of a genetic study. DIAGNOSIS Probable familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Intolerance to statins. Exertional angina. Coronary artery disease with non-significant stenosis.
[ "BACKGROUND", ":", "Family", "history", ":", "father", "and", "one", "brother", "disease", "with", "early", "coronary", "artery", "disease", "(", "<", "55", "years", ")", "and", "hypercholesterolemia", ".", "Non-smoker", ".", "No", "arterial", "hypertension", "(", "AHT", ")", "or", "diabetes", "mellitus", "(", "DM", ")", ".", "Drinker", "of", "two", "glasses", "of", "wine", "/", "day", "and", "a", "few", "drinks", "at", "weekends", ".", "Probable", "familial", "hypercholesterolaemia", ".", "In", "2004", ".", "Total", "cholesterol", "326", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "triglycerides", "102", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "high-density", "lipoprotein", "cholesterol", "(", "HDL-C", ")", "65", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "low-density", "lipoprotein", "cholesterol", "(", "LDL-C", ")", "245", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Intolerance", "to", "atorvastatin", "10", "mg", ":", "alteration", "of", "liver", "tests", "in", "2009", ":", "GOT", "366", "U", "/", "L", ";", "GPT", "981", "U", "/", "L", ";", "GGT", "699", "U", "/", "L", ",", "normalised", "after", "discontinuation", "of", "statin", ".", "Liver", "ultrasound", "with", "no", "alterations", ".", "Fatty", "liver", "(", "slight", "elevation", "of", "GGT", "and", "ultrasound", "2016", ")", ".", "CURRENT", "ILLNESS", ":", "February", "2018", ":", "consultation", "for", "having", "presented", "with", "diffuse", "chest", "pain", "the", "previous", "day", ",", "oppressive", ",", "after", "climbing", "a", "steep", "slope", ",", "lasting", "approximately", "5", "minutes", ",", "which", "subsided", "after", "stopping", "the", "effort", ".", "In", "the", "last", "6", "months", ",", "more", "sedentary", "life", ";", "previously", "well-tolerated", "physical", "exercise", ".", "PHYSICAL", "EXAMINATION", ":", "Good", "general", "condition", ",", "blood", "pressure", "(", "BP", ")", "137", "/", "80", "mmHg", ",", "height", "171", ",", "weight", "76", ",", "body", "mass", "index", "(", "BMI", ")", "26", ",", "head", "and", "neck", "without", "alterations", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", "normal", ".", "Abdomen", "and", "extremities", "normal", ".", "No", "corneal", "arcus", ",", "xanthomas", "or", "xanthelasmas", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "TESTS", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "80", "per", "min", ",", "incomplete", "right", "bundle", "branch", "block", ",", "without", "repolarisation", "alterations", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "(", "ED", ")", ":", "haemoglobin", "15", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "leucocytes", "7410", ",", "platelets", "200", ",", "000", ",", "glucose", "108", "mg", "/", "dl", "(", "not", "basal", ")", ",", "creatinine", "0", ".", "91", "mg", "/", "d", ",", "sodium", "144", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "potassium", "4", ".", "5", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "normal", "transaminases", "(", "GOT", "and", "GPT", ")", ",", "gamma", "glutamyltransferase", "(", "GGT", ")", "85", "U", "/", "L", ",", "troponin", "I", "negative", ".", "ANALYTICS", "(", "fasting", ")", ":", "glucose", "95", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "glycohaemoglobin", "(", "HbA1c", ")", "5", ".", "4", "%", ",", "FGE", ">", "90", "ml", "/", "min", ",", "total", "cholesterol", "267", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "high-density", "lipoprotein", "cholesterol", "(", "HDL-C", ")", "54", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "triglycerides", "115", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "low-density", "lipoprotein", "cholesterol", "(", "LDL-C", ")", "190", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "ECOCARDIOGRAM", ":", "cardiac", "cavities", "of", "normal", "dimensions", ".", "Global", "and", "segmental", "systolic", "function", "of", "the", "left", "ventricle", "without", "alterations", ".", "No", "valvulopathies", ",", "short", "circuits", "or", "pericardial", "effusion", ".", "ERGOMETRY", ":", "Bruce", "protocol", ",", "basal", "heart", "rate", "(", "HR", ")", "70", "bpm", ",", "BP", "135", "/", "70", "mmHg", ".", "Suspended", "at", "10", ".", "30", "minutes", ".", "HR", "178", "bpm", "and", "BP", "175", "/", "80", "mmHg", ".", "Clinical", "and", "ECG", "negative", ".", "12", "metabolic", "equivalents", "(", "METs", ")", "(", "image", "2", ")", ".", "CORONARY", "ANGIO-CT", ":", "(", "after", "administration", "of", "atenolol", "iv", ",", "sinus", "rhythm", "62", "per", "min", ")", ",", "acceptable", "quality", "of", "the", "study", ",", "with", "very", "slight", "step", "artifacts", ".", "Origin", "and", "course", "of", "the", "coronary", "arteries", "normal", ".", "Left", "coronary", "trunk", "(", "15", "mm", ")", "without", "stenosis", "or", "calcifications", ",", "anterior", "descending", "artery", ",", "after", "the", "origin", "of", "a", "large", "first", "diagonal", "presents", "a", "moderate", "stenosis", "(", "50-75", "%", ")", "concentric", ",", "without", "calcified", "plaque", ",", "in", "the", "middle", "segment", "of", "about", "10", "mm", ".", "Circumflex", "artery", "hypoplastic", ",", "with", "a", "slight", "non-calcified", "lesion", "at", "its", "origin", "(", "<", "50", "%", ")", ".", "Intermediate", "branch", "of", "small", "development", ".", "Dominant", "right", "coronary", "artery", ",", "without", "significant", "stenosis", "or", "calcifications", ",", "which", "originates", "a", "large", "posterolateral", "branch", "with", "a", "slight", "stenosis", ",", "non-calcified", "(", "<", "50", "%", ")", "at", "its", "origin", ".", "CLINICAL", "EVOLUTION", "Patient", "with", "a", "family", "history", "of", "early", "coronary", "heart", "disease", "and", "suspected", "familial", "hypercholesterolemia", ",", "asymptomatic", "from", "the", "cardiological", "point", "of", "view", "until", "the", "current", "episode", ",", "highly", "suggestive", "of", "exertional", "angina", ".", "Years", "earlier", "he", "had", "received", "treatment", "with", "statins", ",", "initially", "simvastatin", "20", ",", "but", "this", "was", "replaced", "due", "to", "ineffectiveness", "(", "LDL-C", ">", "180", "mg", "/", "d", ")", "by", "atorvastatin", "10", ",", "which", "had", "to", "be", "discontinued", "due", "to", "liver", "damage", ",", "reversible", "when", "treatment", "was", "discontinued", ".", "This", "occurred", "in", "2009", "(", "at", "that", "time", "he", "had", "dropped", "to", "LDL", "129", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", ".", "Since", "then", ",", "without", "lipid-lowering", "treatment", ",", "he", "has", "maintained", "LDL-C", "levels", "between", "180", "and", "250", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Currently", ",", "she", "consulted", "for", "a", "single", "chest", "pain", "related", "to", "greater", "than", "usual", "exertion", ";", "an", "acute", "event", "was", "ruled", "out", "and", "exercise", "testing", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "negative", "for", "12", "METs", ",", "but", "due", "to", "the", "likelihood", "of", "coronary", "disease", "(", "typical", "symptoms", ",", "family", "history", "and", "hypercholesterolemia", "maintained", "for", "many", "years", ")", ",", "coronary", "angio-CT", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "showed", "several", "non-significant", "stenoses", "in", "the", "coronary", "tree", ".", "In", 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en
Anamnesis 46-year-old woman, with no toxic habits, with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin and nasal infiltrating basal cell carcinoma treated surgically on multiple occasions. He consulted the emergency department due to the appearance of generalised, very pruritic skin lesions of one week's evolution. Oral corticosteroids and oral antibiotics were prescribed without improvement, and the patient was referred to the dermatology department. Physical examination There was a rash of erythematous papules, some with central vesicles, and tense blisters on an erythematous base on the trunk and extremities. There were several erythematous, crusted lesions in a linear configuration and others in clusters on the right scapular area, right arm and forearm, and on the 5th finger of the same hand there were tense blisters with serous content. Linear papules with central crusting on the abdomen, erythematous plaques on the knees and tense blisters on the dorsum of both feet. There was no evidence of mucosal involvement. The rest of the physical examination was normal with good general condition. Complementary examinations Due to the presence of tense blisters and the intensity of the pruritus, bullous pemphigoid was suspected, and given the linear distribution of the lesions on the right arm, herpetic infection was ruled out. A general blood test, a skin biopsy for histopathological study, direct immunofluorescence (DIF), indirect immunofluorescence of the blister fluid (IFA) and a Tzank test were performed. - Blood test: The blood test showed no leukocytosis, a slight increase in acute phase reactants (CRP: 2.56 mg/dL, ESR: 38 mm/h), normal liver profile. Mild eosinophilia 1.0x109/L [N<0.5] and increased serum total IgE 519.00IU/L [N<100.00] were noted. IgG anti-BP180 antibodies were normal 2.00 U/mL [ N < 20.00]. - Skin biopsy: A punch skin biopsy was performed on one of the knee lesions. It showed a preserved epidermis and a perivascular inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the superficial and mid dermis. - IFD: Presence of C3 and fibrinogen deposits in the wall of the small vessels of the superficial dermis. - IFA: No IgA or IgG antibodies against the basement membrane were detected. - Tzank test: The Tzank test showed a haemorrhagic smear with an inflammatory component, few squamous cells and no cytopathic alterations of viral infection. Diagnosis The results of blood tests, skin biopsy and cytology ruled out bullous pemphigoid and herpetic infection. The linear distribution of some of the lesions raised suspicion of a possible reaction to stings. Two months later, the patient found hundreds of bedbugs in her mattress and a diagnosis of bedbug dermatosis was made. Treatment Until her diagnosis, she was treated with oral corticosteroids in descending doses, topical corticosteroids and antihistamines. Evolution After the causative agent was found and eliminated, the lesions resolved completely.
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en
Mr G, a 43-year-old man with no relevant history of drug addiction or personal or family psychiatric history, presented to the emergency department with headache and fever. On examination, his temperature was 37.8°C, oxygen saturation was 99% on room air and all other vital signs were within normal limits. It was noted that she might have COVID-19, but she did not meet the criteria for testing at that time, so she was discharged and advised to be confined to her home, Nine days later, he returned to the ED with fever and dyspnoea. On examination, his temperature was 39°C, with tachycardia at 110 bpm, oxygen saturation was 99% on room air and all other vitals were within normal limits. A chest X-ray was performed, which showed no acute cardiopulmonary abnormalities. A nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 PCR was sent to an external laboratory. The patient was discharged with a 5-day prescription of oral azithromycin (500 mg on day 1 and then 250 mg on days 2-5), benzonatate ad libitum for cough and albuterol inhalations ad libitum. Three days later (12 days after his first admission), he returned to the ED for the third time, with high back pain and spasms. He also reported distress and insomnia because of his concern about COVID-19. The patient was afebrile, oxygen saturation was 96% on room air and all other vitals were within normal limits. He was notified that his COVID-19 test by PCR was negative. He also reported that he had complied with the azithromycin regimen and was advised to complete his treatment at home. His dorsalgia was considered to be musculoskeletal, secondary to persistent cough, and he was discharged with a prescription of methocarbamol 750 mg 4 times a day for 7 days. Four days later (15 days after the first ED admission), the patient's wife called his GP's office. She reported that she was concerned that her husband had been acting strangely since he had been tested for COVID-19 a week earlier. She had noticed that he was talking to himself, not eating and drinking properly and not showering. She was also concerned that he often stared at the wall and was shivering and sweating without fever. Later that day a telephone visit was made with a primary care doctor, but the patient did not get on the phone because he feared the doctor was "of the devil". The doctor and wife decided to take him back to the emergency room. In the emergency room, the patient needed the help of two people to transfer him from a wheelchair to the stretcher because of his weakness. His temperature was 37.9°C, pulse was 107 bpm, oxygen saturation was 96% on room air and all other vitals were within normal limits. His blood glucose was normal, as were serum electrolytes, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase and lactic acid. Serum drug test was negative. Haematological tests showed a normal total leukocyte count, with 3% immature granulocytes and a high thrombocyte count (551 TH/μL). Liver function tests showed an alanine transaminase of 281 U/L and aspartate transaminase of 79 U/L. His international normalised ratio was elongated to 1.5. A new PCR test for COVID-19 was positive. Chest X-ray showed no acute cardiopulmonary involvement. A non-contrast cranial CT scan was performed which also showed no acute intracranial abnormalities. A lumbar puncture was then performed after administration of 1 mg i.v. midazolam; cerebrospinal fluid analysis was irrelevant, with no polymorphic leukocytes or Gram-stained organisms, 2 erythrocytes/μL and 1 leukocyte/μL in the leukocyte formula, and protein and glucose values of 32 mg/dL and 69 mg/dL, respectively. The patient was admitted the same night to the general hospital ward for follow-up and treatment of his mental alteration. The following day (day 2 of hospitalisation), the psychiatric team was consulted. On that day, the patient was alert and oriented with respect to people, place and time, but was slow to respond verbally, showed hypertonia and had difficulty holding up his limbs; he also had intense sweating. His vital signs were also relevant with a temperature of up to 37.4°C, labile blood pressure (from 107/70 to 156/103 in 12 hours), an episode of tachypnoea with a respiratory rate of 36 bpm and an oxygen saturation of between 93 and 95% on room air. In accordance with hospital policy at the time, to minimise exposure and transmission, the psychiatry team did not assess the patient in person, due to coronavirus 2 acute respiratory distress syndrome, and instead attempted to speak to him via the hospital room telephone. However, the patient did not respond and his nurse reported that he was too weak to hold the phone to his ear. Based on the information available at the time, the psychiatric team recommended 50 mg quetiapine orally before bedtime to treat insomnia and possible psychotic symptoms. Ultimately, the patient did not receive the medication because he was unable to take oral medication. A urinary catheter was placed because he had not urinated during hospitalisation. The urine drug profile, obtained after catheter placement, was positive only for benzodiazepines. The following morning (day 3 of hospitalisation), the patient's nurse noted that he was in bed in an abnormal position, with his feet above the bed and his arms in a decortication posture. He was given 1 mg of lorazepam i.v. in preparation for brain and spinal MRI and was observed 30 minutes after administration. He was sitting up in bed, conversing with his roommate. He was no longer sweating and asked for something to drink. At this point he told the nurse that he had been hearing voices "trying to take him to hell". He underwent MRI, which showed no T2 or FLAIR findings, leptomeningeal contrast enhancement, white matter changes or atrophy. The patient was initially treated with 1 mg lorazepam i.v. 3 times a day and, on day 5 of hospitalisation was stabilised at 1 mg lorazepam orally 4 times a day. During this time he showed no further signs of catatonia; he continued to be non-hypertonic and conversational and ate and drank adequately. Lorazepam was reduced to 1 mg twice daily on the day of discharge, on the tenth day of hospitalisation. At this time, the patient was fluent in speech, could move all limbs without difficulty and no psychosis was evident. 4 days after discharge he was assessed by telephone by the psychiatric team; he had no motor or speech difficulties and no psychosis was evident, but he had trouble sleeping. Oral lorazepam was reduced to 1 mg before bedtime. Six days after discharge, the patient was evaluated by his general practitioner; he continued to report sleep disturbances, as well as feelings of sadness and anhedonia. His wife stated that he had improved but was not yet fully recovered, as he needed stimulation to engage in conversation and to perform his work. In the subsequent psychiatric follow-up, 1 mg of lorazepam by mouth was maintained because of psychomotor slowing, as well as 6 mg of melatonin at night for insomnia.
[ "", "Mr", "G", ",", "a", "43-year-old", "man", "with", "no", "relevant", "history", "of", "drug", "addiction", "or", "personal", "or", "family", "psychiatric", "history", ",", "presented", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "headache", "and", "fever", ".", "On", "examination", ",", "his", "temperature", "was", "37", ".", "8", "°", "C", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "was", "99", "%", "on", "room", "air", "and", "all", "other", "vital", "signs", "were", "within", "normal", "limits", ".", "It", "was", "noted", "that", "she", "might", "have", "COVID-19", ",", "but", "she", "did", "not", "meet", "the", "criteria", "for", "testing", "at", "that", "time", ",", "so", "she", "was", "discharged", "and", "advised", "to", "be", "confined", "to", "her", "home", ",", "Nine", "days", "later", ",", "he", "returned", "to", "the", "ED", "with", "fever", "and", "dyspnoea", ".", "On", "examination", ",", "his", "temperature", "was", "39", "°", "C", ",", "with", "tachycardia", "at", "110", "bpm", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "was", "99", "%", "on", "room", "air", "and", "all", "other", "vitals", "were", "within", "normal", "limits", ".", "A", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "showed", "no", "acute", "cardiopulmonary", "abnormalities", ".", "A", "nasopharyngeal", "swab", "for", "COVID-19", "PCR", "was", "sent", "to", "an", "external", "laboratory", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "with", "a", "5-day", "prescription", "of", "oral", "azithromycin", "(", "500", "mg", "on", "day", "1", "and", "then", "250", "mg", "on", "days", "2-5", ")", ",", "benzonatate", "ad", "libitum", "for", "cough", "and", "albuterol", "inhalations", "ad", "libitum", ".", "Three", "days", "later", "(", "12", "days", "after", "his", "first", "admission", ")", ",", "he", "returned", "to", "the", "ED", "for", "the", "third", "time", ",", "with", "high", "back", "pain", "and", "spasms", ".", "He", "also", "reported", "distress", "and", "insomnia", "because", "of", "his", "concern", "about", "COVID-19", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "afebrile", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "was", "96", "%", "on", "room", "air", "and", "all", "other", "vitals", "were", "within", "normal", "limits", ".", "He", "was", "notified", "that", "his", "COVID-19", "test", "by", "PCR", "was", "negative", ".", "He", "also", "reported", "that", "he", "had", "complied", "with", "the", "azithromycin", "regimen", "and", "was", "advised", "to", "complete", "his", "treatment", "at", "home", ".", "His", "dorsalgia", "was", "considered", "to", "be", "musculoskeletal", ",", "secondary", "to", "persistent", "cough", ",", "and", "he", "was", "discharged", "with", "a", "prescription", "of", "methocarbamol", "750", "mg", "4", "times", "a", "day", "for", "7", "days", ".", "Four", "days", "later", "(", "15", "days", "after", "the", "first", "ED", "admission", ")", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "wife", "called", "his", "GP", "'", "s", "office", ".", "She", "reported", "that", "she", "was", "concerned", "that", "her", "husband", "had", "been", "acting", "strangely", "since", "he", "had", "been", "tested", "for", "COVID-19", "a", "week", "earlier", ".", "She", "had", "noticed", "that", "he", "was", "talking", "to", "himself", ",", "not", "eating", "and", "drinking", "properly", "and", "not", "showering", ".", "She", "was", "also", "concerned", "that", "he", "often", "stared", "at", "the", "wall", "and", "was", "shivering", "and", "sweating", "without", "fever", ".", "Later", "that", "day", "a", "telephone", "visit", "was", "made", "with", "a", "primary", "care", "doctor", ",", "but", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "get", "on", "the", "phone", "because", "he", "feared", "the", "doctor", "was", "\"", "of", "the", "devil", "\"", ".", "The", "doctor", "and", "wife", "decided", "to", "take", "him", "back", "to", "the", "emergency", "room", ".", "In", "the", "emergency", "room", ",", "the", "patient", "needed", "the", "help", "of", "two", "people", "to", "transfer", "him", "from", "a", "wheelchair", "to", "the", "stretcher", "because", "of", "his", "weakness", ".", "His", "temperature", "was", "37", ".", "9", "°", "C", ",", "pulse", "was", "107", "bpm", ",", "oxygen", "saturation", "was", "96", "%", "on", "room", "air", "and", "all", "other", "vitals", "were", "within", "normal", "limits", ".", "His", "blood", "glucose", "was", "normal", ",", "as", "were", "serum", "electrolytes", ",", "procalcitonin", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", ",", "creatine", "kinase", "and", "lactic", "acid", ".", "Serum", "drug", "test", "was", "negative", ".", "Haematological", "tests", "showed", "a", "normal", "total", "leukocyte", "count", ",", "with", "3", "%", "immature", "granulocytes", "and", "a", "high", "thrombocyte", "count", "(", "551", "TH", "/", "μL", ")", ".", "Liver", "function", "tests", "showed", "an", "alanine", "transaminase", "of", "281", "U", "/", "L", "and", "aspartate", "transaminase", "of", "79", "U", "/", "L", ".", "His", "international", "normalised", "ratio", "was", "elongated", "to", "1", ".", "5", ".", "A", "new", "PCR", "test", "for", "COVID-19", "was", "positive", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "no", "acute", "cardiopulmonary", "involvement", ".", "A", "non-contrast", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", "which", "also", "showed", "no", "acute", "intracranial", "abnormalities", ".", "A", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "then", "performed", "after", "administration", "of", "1", "mg", "i", ".", "v", ".", "midazolam", ";", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "analysis", "was", "irrelevant", ",", "with", "no", "polymorphic", "leukocytes", "or", "Gram-stained", "organisms", ",", "2", "erythrocytes", "/", "μL", "and", "1", "leukocyte", "/", "μL", "in", "the", "leukocyte", "formula", ",", "and", "protein", "and", "glucose", "values", "of", "32", "mg", "/", "dL", "and", "69", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "respectively", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "the", "same", "night", "to", "the", "general", "hospital", "ward", "for", "follow-up", "and", "treatment", "of", "his", "mental", "alteration", ".", "The", "following", "day", "(", "day", "2", "of", "hospitalisation", ")", ",", "the", "psychiatric", "team", "was", "consulted", ".", "On", "that", "day", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "alert", "and", "oriented", "with", "respect", "to", "people", ",", "place", "and", "time", ",", "but", "was", "slow", "to", "respond", "verbally", ",", "showed", "hypertonia", "and", "had", "difficulty", "holding", "up", "his", "limbs", ";", "he", "also", "had", "intense", "sweating", ".", "His", "vital", "signs", "were", "also", "relevant", "with", "a", "temperature", "of", "up", "to", "37", ".", "4", "°", "C", ",", "labile", "blood", "pressure", "(", "from", "107", "/", "70", "to", "156", "/", "103", "in", "12", "hours", ")", ",", "an", "episode", "of", "tachypnoea", "with", "a", "respiratory", "rate", "of", "36", "bpm", "and", "an", "oxygen", "saturation", "of", "between", "93", "and", "95", "%", "on", "room", "air", ".", "In", "accordance", "with", "hospital", "policy", "at", "the", "time", ",", "to", "minimise", "exposure", "and", "transmission", ",", "the", "psychiatry", "team", "did", "not", "assess", "the", "patient", "in", "person", ",", "due", "to", "coronavirus", "2", "acute", "respiratory", "distress", "syndrome", ",", "and", "instead", "attempted", "to", "speak", "to", "him", "via", "the", "hospital", "room", "telephone", ".", "However", ",", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "respond", "and", "his", "nurse", "reported", "that", "he", "was", "too", "weak", "to", "hold", "the", "phone", "to", "his", "ear", ".", "Based", "on", "the", "information", "available", "at", "the", "time", ",", "the", "psychiatric", "team", "recommended", "50", "mg", "quetiapine", "orally", "before", "bedtime", "to", "treat", "insomnia", "and", "possible", "psychotic", "symptoms", ".", "Ultimately", ",", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "receive", "the", "medication", "because", "he", "was", "unable", "to", "take", "oral", "medication", ".", "A", "urinary", "catheter", "was", "placed", "because", "he", "had", "not", "urinated", "during", "hospitalisation", ".", "The", "urine", "drug", "profile", ",", "obtained", "after", "catheter", "placement", ",", "was", "positive", "only", "for", "benzodiazepines", ".", "The", "following", "morning", "(", "day", "3", "of", "hospitalisation", ")", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "nurse", "noted", "that", "he", "was", "in", "bed", "in", "an", "abnormal", "position", ",", "with", "his", "feet", "above", "the", "bed", "and", "his", "arms", "in", "a", "decortication", "posture", ".", "He", "was", "given", "1", "mg", "of", "lorazepam", "i", ".", "v", ".", "in", "preparation", "for", "brain", "and", "spinal", "MRI", "and", "was", "observed", "30", "minutes", "after", "administration", ".", "He", "was", "sitting", "up", "in", "bed", ",", "conversing", "with", "his", "roommate", ".", "He", "was", "no", "longer", "sweating", "and", "asked", "for", "something", "to", "drink", ".", "At", "this", "point", "he", "told", "the", "nurse", "that", "he", "had", "been", "hearing", "voices", "\"", "trying", "to", "take", "him", "to", "hell", "\"", ".", "He", "underwent", "MRI", ",", "which", "showed", "no", "T2", "or", "FLAIR", "findings", ",", "leptomeningeal", "contrast", "enhancement", ",", "white", "matter", "changes", "or", "atrophy", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "initially", "treated", "with", "1", "mg", "lorazepam", "i", ".", "v", ".", "3", "times", "a", "day", "and", ",", "on", "day", "5", "of", "hospitalisation", "was", "stabilised", "at", "1", "mg", "lorazepam", "orally", "4", "times", "a", "day", ".", "During", "this", "time", "he", "showed", "no", "further", "signs", "of", "catatonia", ";", "he", "continued", "to", "be", "non-hypertonic", "and", "conversational", "and", "ate", "and", "drank", "adequately", ".", "Lorazepam", "was", "reduced", "to", "1", "mg", "twice", "daily", "on", "the", "day", "of", "discharge", ",", "on", "the", "tenth", "day", "of", "hospitalisation", ".", "At", "this", "time", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "fluent", "in", "speech", ",", "could", "move", "all", "limbs", "without", "difficulty", "and", "no", "psychosis", "was", "evident", ".", "4", "days", "after", "discharge", "he", "was", "assessed", "by", "telephone", "by", "the", "psychiatric", "team", ";", "he", "had", "no", "motor", "or", "speech", "difficulties", "and", "no", "psychosis", "was", "evident", ",", "but", "he", "had", "trouble", "sleeping", ".", "Oral", "lorazepam", "was", "reduced", "to", "1", "mg", "before", "bedtime", ".", "Six", "days", "after", "discharge", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "evaluated", "by", "his", "general", "practitioner", ";", "he", "continued", "to", "report", "sleep", "disturbances", ",", "as", "well", "as", "feelings", "of", "sadness", "and", "anhedonia", ".", "His", "wife", "stated", "that", "he", "had", "improved", "but", "was", "not", "yet", "fully", "recovered", ",", "as", "he", "needed", "stimulation", "to", "engage", "in", "conversation", "and", "to", "perform", "his", "work", ".", "In", "the", "subsequent", "psychiatric", "follow-up", ",", "1", "mg", "of", "lorazepam", "by", "mouth", "was", "maintained", "because", "of", "psychomotor", "slowing", ",", "as", "well", "as", "6", "mg", "of", "melatonin", "at", "night", "for", "insomnia", "." ]
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Anamnesis Patient, 70 years old at the time of diagnosis, referred to Medical Oncology from the Breast Surgery Unit after a biopsy of an ulcerated lesion in the left breast. At the first Medical Oncology consultation (July 2016), the patient's personal history included hypertension for 20 years and treatment with losartan 100 mg vo c/24 hours, spironolactone 100 mg vo c/24 hours and amlodipine 10 mg vo c/24 hours. On the other hand, she reports having undergone multiple operations for basal cell carcinoma on the right wing of the nose, the last operation being in February 2016. She also denies toxic habits and drug allergies. She is independent for basic activities of daily living. In April 2016 she noticed an ulcerated tumour in the left breast. As it had increased in size, she decided to go to the emergency department in June 2016, from where she was referred to the breast surgery unit. Physical examination On examination, she was in good general condition with ECOG 1 (limited physical effort), weight: 60 kg, height: 141 cm and skin pallor. Cardiac auscultation revealed the presence of a panfocal grade II/VI systolic murmur, predominantly in the aortic focus. Examination of the lymph node chains revealed no adenopathies. Pulmonary auscultation showed no pathological findings and there was no evidence of visceromegaly in the abdomen. On the other hand, the right breast shows no alterations, but on the left breast there is an erythematous tumour of approximately 13 cm in maximum diameter, with irregular borders and ulcerated and necrotic tissue in the lower quadrant. Additional tests "Skin punch biopsy of the left breast (June 2016): infiltration by diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's B lymphoma. Neoplastic cells positive for CD 20 and negative for epithelial markers and T line. "PET-CT scan of the chest and abdomen (July 2016): hypermetabolic lesion with high cell proliferation rate (SUVmax of 28.8) in the left breast affecting the entire gland and infiltrating the skin. Left axillary lymph node with low proliferation rate (SUVmax of 1.5), low probability of malignancy. "Echocardiography (July 2016): degenerative aortic and mitral pathology without haemodynamically significant valvular lesion. Good systolic function. Left ventricular ejection fraction of 56% (lower limit of normality: 55%). "Serology negative for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and HIV. "Haemoglobin 9 mg/dl, leucocytes 11,460 mg/dl, neutrophils 6,710 mg/dl, platelets 162,000 mg/dl. "Biochemistry: creatinine 1.25 mg/dl, LDH 623 U/l. "Tumour marker: beta-2 microglobulin 7.7 mg/l (normal range: 0.10-3.00). Diagnosis Primary breast lymphoma. Treatment In July 2016, she started first-line treatment for stage I diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the left primary breast with R-CHOP iv chemotherapy (rituximab 560 mg, cyclophosphamide 1,100 mg, doxorubicin 74 mg, vincristine 2 mg and prednisone 89 mg) in 21-day cycles with associated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor sc for 7 days. After the first cycle, there was significant improvement of the left breast swelling, however, she presented with g1 asthenia according to the common terminology criteria for adverse events version 4.0 (CTCAE-v 4.0). After the second cycle, the patient persisted with g1 asthenia, and g1 hyporexia, g2 alopecia and g1 mucositis were added. In addition, the breast lesion continued to progressively improve and was now limited to the inner inner inner quadrant. When she attended the medical oncology department to assess the start of the fourth cycle of chemotherapy, the patient presented poor general condition associated with disorientation and dysarthria, so a CT scan of the skull was performed, which showed lacunar infarction in the left radial crown. The fourth cycle of chemotherapy was suspended and the patient was admitted to the Stroke Unit. Evolution She was hospitalised in the Stroke Unit for 5 days. Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks showed no significant findings, and she was discharged with a diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery of cardioembolic origin and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Trazodone 100 mg vo c/24 hours at night and enoxaparin sc 60 mg c/12 hours were added to her usual medication. The patient had a progressive but slow clinical improvement, which prevented her from attending the Medical Oncology consultation to assess whether to continue with chemotherapy. A follow-up PET-CT scan was performed in October 2016, which showed a significant decrease in the size and degree of uptake of the left breast lesion, with a pathological increase in tracer uptake persisting, mainly affecting the central region and lower quadrants, with overall dimensions of approximately 8 x 2.5 x 5cm and a SUVmax of 6.3 (previous SUV 28.8). It was considered a partial metabolic response. She was referred to the Radiation Oncology department and, once her general condition improved, she started adjuvant radiotherapy. From 13 December to 11 January 2017, 40 Gy was administered on the left breast and residual lesion plus margin and 32 Gy on axillary lymph node areas (levels I-II-III and supraclavicular fossa) both with a fractionation of 2 Gy/day, 5 days a week, using 3DC technique with photons of 6 and 15 Mv energy. Finally, in February 2017, the patient returned to the medical oncology department asymptomatic, in good general condition, with no sequelae of the cerebral infarction and with the left breast lesion in very good condition and completely healed.
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en
We present the case of an 18-year-old female patient with outpatient laboratory tests, where glycaemia was found to be 189 mg/dL, with no other biochemical alterations. The patient had no personal history of diabetes mellitus or any other known autoimmune or endocrinopathic disease. Intrauterine growth retardation, short stature that required follow-up by paediatrics with treatment with growth hormone until the age of 16 years, and detection of renal and hepatic cysts at the age of 4 years, being diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. On examination BMI of 21 kg/m2, with no somatic data of interest. After analytical findings, the study was completed with a result of HbA1c of 6.20% and Oral Glucose Overload of 75 g with a pathological result after 2 hours (209 mg/dL). Negative pancreatic autoimmunity (antiIA2 and antiGAD ac < 1 U/mL), HOMA 1.90, Insulin 8.2 uUI/mL and C-Peptide 2.15 ng/mL. During the interview, the patient referred to a maternal family history of diabetes (great-grandmother, grandmother and mother's sister), all of whom had been treated with oral antidiabetics. Existence of multiple cysts in this branch of the family, without having been studied, located in the head and neck, and polycystic ovarian syndrome in her maternal sister. No history of cardiovascular disease on the paternal side. In view of the renal anomalies described, we consider it appropriate to rule out monogenic diabetes, specifically mutation of hepatic nuclear transcription factor 1β (HNF 1beta): MODY 5 type.
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en
A 51 year old patient came to the emergency department with fever of 10 days' duration. No history of interest except smoking 12 cigarettes/day. In the anamnesis he reported a feeling of dystrophy, denying any infectious symptoms at any level. He reported trips to the countryside to pick mushrooms, denying insect bites. He reported no relevant epidemiological history except for contact with Mexican relatives who came to Spain after the death of his brother. In the ED, the patient remained haemodynamically stable, with a temperature of 37.6oC; physical examination was normal, with no objective skin lesions. Laboratory tests showed mild thrombopenia (105,000), mild hypertransaminasemia, as well as elevation of other acute phase reactants. Chest X-ray with no pneumonic consolidation. Admitted to Internal Medicine (IM) to study febrile syndrome without focus. On admission the patient remained afebrile. On cross-examination he reported contact with a newborn lamb two weeks before the onset of symptoms. Physical examination revealed an evanescent morbilliform exanthema, with no other changes. Laboratory tests showed only persistent hypertransaminasemia. An abdominal ultrasound was requested, showing mild hepatosplenomegaly. Viral and bacterial serologies were requested, and the patient was discharged with a review in two weeks in the IM department. Without waiting for the consultation, she came to the emergency department seven days later for recurrence of fever, and was readmitted to the ICU (normal examination and laboratory tests with persistent hypertransaminasemia). Serologies were negative for hepatotropic viruses, HIV, CMV, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, treponemias and rickettsias, IgM indeterminate for CMV; IgM for EBV, IgM and IgG for Borrellia and IgM for Coxiella with negative IgG. In view of these results, doxycycline 100 mg every 12 hours for 14 days was started and a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, which showed no valvular alterations suggestive of endocarditis. The patient was sent to the M.I. department with new serologies in 15 days, the latter showing the negativity of all the previous positive serologies (the previous ones being considered false positives) with the exception of the seroconversion to Coxiella IgG (phase II antigens positive), and a diagnosis of Q fever in the acute phase was made.
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en
A 58-year-old man was admitted to the Cayetano Heredia Hospital with a 2-month history of vomiting, fever of 38°C and severe disabling back pain. Clinical examination revealed a multifocal holosystolic murmur, predominantly in the mitral focus of intensity III/VI, radiating to the axilla and neck. Positive Lasegue and Psoas sign, as well as positive Dandy sign at L3, L4 and L5. Laboratory data obtained on admission were: haemoglobin: 12.2 g/dl, haematocrit: 38%, leucocyte count: 14.01/μl (neutrophils: 64.5%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): 116 mm/h and C-reactive protein (CRP): 1/16 mg/l. Chest X-ray showed no signs of condensation. Similarly, the electrocardiographic tracing at rest showed no relevant alterations. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed mitral and aortic valve involvement characterised by vegetations on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (atrial and ventricular surface of segment A2) and a 1.6 x 1.3 cm perforated aneurysm (0.7 cm) with severe regurgitation. Likewise, multiple vegetations were found on the aortic valve in all three leaflets, the largest measuring 0.9 cm, with severe regurgitation and flow compatible with perforation of the posterior semilunar leaflet. Streptococcus gordonnii was isolated in blood cultures. In addition, the lumbosacral MRI showed vertebral osteomyelitis of L4-L5. During surgery, the above findings were confirmed and a bivalvular aortic and mitral replacement with mechanical prosthesis implantation was performed.
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en
Anamnesis A 56-year-old woman with a history of liver transplantation in September 2009 for Overlap syndrome and chronic hepatitis C virus infection (genotype III), who post-transplantation presented with graft dysfunction due to low tacrolimus levels. In addition, he had diabetes mellitus secondary to corticosteroid treatment and multifactorial renal failure. She was chronically treated with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, ursodeoxycholic acid, calcifediol, omeprazole, loracepam and insulin. She had been diagnosed with probable ophthalmoplegic migraine three months earlier, following an admission for right hemicranial headache with associated vomiting and difficulty in abducting the right eye. He subsequently underwent a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which revealed thickening of the internal rectus muscle of the right eye. Years earlier, he had presented with several episodes of right periocular headache and binocular diplopia, which were not related. She presented with right hemicranial headache and vomiting, of subacute onset a few hours earlier, which did not respond to treatment with analgesics and intravenous anti-inflammatory drugs in the emergency department, and it was therefore decided to admit her for study and treatment. Physical examination In the ED, the neurological examination was rigorously normal, including neuro-ophthalmological examination. There was no fever or other data of interest in the systemic examination. Complementary tests - Biochemistry: glucose 124mg/dl, urea 57 mg/dl, creatinine 1.11 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 136 IU/l, gamma-glutamyltransferase 308 IU/l. Tacrolimus levels 3.3 ng/ml. erythrocyte sedimentation rate 46 mm/h. All others, including TSH, vitamin B12, folic acid, C-reactive protein and angiotensin converting enzyme, normal. - Blood count and coagulation normal. - Immunological profile: positive antinuclear antibodies at 1/320 titre. - Electrocardiogram and chest X-ray: no significant findings. - Serologies lupus, Lyme, Borrelia, human immunodeficiency virus, Ebstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus: negative. - Computed tomography (CT) of the orbits and paranasal sinuses: thickening of the right internal rectus, without involvement of the retroocular fat or the rest of the oculomotor muscles. - Cranioorbital MRI: increased thickness and T2 signal in the internal rectus muscle of the right orbit, compatible with orbital myositis. Cranial CT scan: shows thickening of the right internal rectus, as does the MRI, which also shows an increase in T2 signal at the same level. Evolution A few hours after admission, he developed a limitation of right eye adduction, with persistent right hemicranial pain that was controlled after treatment with analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and high-dose corticosteroids. There was partial recovery of ocular motor function prior to discharge, after six days of admission. Diagnosis Recurrent idiopathic orbital myositis of the internal rectus of the right eye.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "56-year-old", "woman", "with", "a", "history", "of", "liver", "transplantation", "in", "September", "2009", "for", "Overlap", "syndrome", "and", "chronic", "hepatitis", "C", "virus", "infection", "(", "genotype", "III", ")", ",", "who", "post-transplantation", "presented", "with", "graft", "dysfunction", "due", "to", "low", "tacrolimus", "levels", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "he", "had", "diabetes", "mellitus", "secondary", "to", "corticosteroid", "treatment", "and", "multifactorial", "renal", "failure", ".", "She", "was", "chronically", "treated", "with", "tacrolimus", ",", "mycophenolate", "mofetil", ",", "ursodeoxycholic", "acid", ",", "calcifediol", ",", "omeprazole", ",", "loracepam", "and", "insulin", ".", "She", "had", "been", "diagnosed", "with", "probable", "ophthalmoplegic", "migraine", "three", "months", "earlier", ",", "following", "an", "admission", "for", "right", "hemicranial", "headache", "with", "associated", "vomiting", "and", "difficulty", "in", "abducting", "the", "right", "eye", ".", "He", "subsequently", "underwent", "a", "cranial", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "scan", ",", "which", "revealed", "thickening", "of", "the", "internal", "rectus", "muscle", "of", "the", "right", "eye", ".", "Years", "earlier", ",", "he", "had", "presented", "with", "several", "episodes", "of", "right", "periocular", "headache", "and", "binocular", "diplopia", ",", "which", "were", "not", "related", ".", "She", "presented", "with", "right", "hemicranial", "headache", "and", "vomiting", ",", "of", "subacute", "onset", "a", "few", "hours", "earlier", ",", "which", "did", "not", "respond", "to", "treatment", "with", "analgesics", "and", "intravenous", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "and", "it", "was", "therefore", "decided", "to", "admit", "her", "for", "study", "and", "treatment", ".", "Physical", "examination", "In", "the", "ED", ",", "the", "neurological", "examination", "was", "rigorously", "normal", ",", "including", "neuro-ophthalmological", "examination", ".", "There", "was", "no", "fever", "or", "other", "data", "of", "interest", "in", "the", "systemic", "examination", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "Biochemistry", ":", "glucose", "124mg", "/", "dl", ",", "urea", "57", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "creatinine", "1", ".", "11", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "136", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "gamma-glutamyltransferase", "308", "IU", "/", "l", ".", "Tacrolimus", "levels", "3", ".", "3", "ng", "/", "ml", ".", "erythrocyte", "sedimentation", "rate", "46", "mm", "/", "h", ".", "All", "others", ",", "including", "TSH", ",", "vitamin", "B12", ",", "folic", "acid", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", "and", "angiotensin", "converting", "enzyme", ",", "normal", ".", "-", "Blood", "count", "and", "coagulation", "normal", ".", "-", "Immunological", "profile", ":", "positive", "antinuclear", "antibodies", "at", "1", "/", "320", "titre", ".", "-", "Electrocardiogram", "and", "chest", "X-ray", ":", "no", "significant", "findings", ".", "-", "Serologies", "lupus", ",", "Lyme", ",", "Borrelia", ",", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", ",", "Ebstein-Barr", "virus", "and", "herpes", "simplex", "virus", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "of", "the", "orbits", "and", "paranasal", "sinuses", ":", "thickening", "of", "the", "right", "internal", "rectus", ",", "without", "involvement", "of", "the", "retroocular", "fat", "or", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "oculomotor", "muscles", ".", "-", "Cranioorbital", "MRI", ":", "increased", "thickness", "and", "T2", "signal", "in", "the", "internal", "rectus", "muscle", "of", "the", "right", "orbit", ",", "compatible", "with", "orbital", "myositis", ".", "Cranial", "CT", "scan", ":", "shows", "thickening", "of", "the", "right", "internal", "rectus", ",", "as", "does", "the", "MRI", ",", "which", "also", "shows", "an", "increase", "in", "T2", "signal", "at", "the", "same", "level", ".", "Evolution", "A", "few", "hours", "after", "admission", ",", "he", "developed", "a", "limitation", "of", "right", "eye", "adduction", ",", "with", "persistent", "right", "hemicranial", "pain", "that", "was", "controlled", "after", "treatment", "with", "analgesics", ",", "anti-inflammatory", "drugs", "and", "high-dose", "corticosteroids", ".", "There", "was", "partial", "recovery", "of", "ocular", "motor", "function", "prior", "to", "discharge", ",", "after", "six", "days", "of", "admission", ".", "Diagnosis", "Recurrent", "idiopathic", "orbital", "myositis", "of", "the", "internal", "rectus", "of", "the", "right", "eye", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 24, "end": 29 }, { "text": "Borrelia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2022, "end": 2030 }, { "text": "herpes simplex virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2085, "end": 2105 }, { "text": "Ebstein-Barr virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2062, "end": 2080 }, { "text": "human immunodeficiency virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2032, "end": 2060 }, { "text": "Lyme", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2016, "end": 2020 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 78-year-old man with a personal history of hypertension controlled only by diet. He had been diagnosed with prostate cancer 14 years ago, which after surgical and hormonal treatment was now considered to be in remission. The only current medical treatment was sildenafil every 15 days. As a family history of interest, he reported that a brother had been diagnosed with generalised epilepsy, suffering sudden death during an episode. The patient consulted for an abrupt episode consisting of an ascending epigastric surge, followed by a confusional episode, with disconnection from the environment, incoherent language, sucking automatisms and movements of the left upper limb, which lasted approximately 5 minutes, with subsequent confusion and disorientation, which slowly recovered in about 30 minutes, with amnesia of the entire episode. During the transfer to the hospital and in the emergency department, he suffered two other episodes of similar characteristics. When questioned specifically, he reported that for some years he had been suffering from brief episodes of disorientation associated with a feeling of mental blockage, for which he had not consulted. Physical examination The patient's vital signs were normal and he was afebrile and without meningeal signs. Cardiac and pulmonary auscultation and the rest of the general examination showed no pathological findings. In the neurological examination, the patient was alert, conscious and perfectly oriented, with preserved cognitive functions and coherent and fluent speech. Examination of the cranial nerves, muscle balance and gait were normal, with symmetrical and exalted myotatic reflexes, with bilateral flexor flexor cutaneous-plantar reflex. The only significant finding on examination was a slight left facial-brachial hypoaesthesia. Additional tests - A comprehensive blood test including haemogram, general biochemistry, coagulation, immunological study (ANAS), thyroid function and proteinogram showed normal values. Tumour markers, serology (Borrelia, lupus, Brucella and HIV) and antineuronal antibodies were negative. - The cerebrospinal fluid study included biochemistry, serology (lupus, Borrelia and Brucella), viral PCR and culture, all of which were negative. - The electrocardiogram was normal and the chest X-ray showed some old calcified images. - A thoraco-abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan did indeed show bilateral calcified pleural plaques, with involvement of the diaphragmatic pleura, suggesting old pathology such as asbestos exposure, and simple liver cysts. - Brain CT scan showed only some lesions compatible with old lacunar infarcts and predominantly frontal cortical atrophy. - Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed scarce images of chronic ischaemic appearance together with moderate frontal cortical atrophy, with striking hyperintensity in long TR sequences in both parahippocampal limbic systems, without contrast uptake. Coronal slices in FLAIR sequence of magnetic resonance imaging showing bilateral hippocampal and parahippocampal hyperintensity of right predominance. - A Doppler study of supra-aortic trunks showed a probable proximal critical stenosis of the right vertebral artery. - The electroencephalogram recording was abnormal, with occasional epileptiform discharges (spike morphology) in the right temporal region. Diagnosis Complex partial seizures of temporal origin, secondary to bilateral mesial hippocampal sclerosis, with adult (late) presentation. Treatment Treatment with valproic acid was started, with adequate control of the complex partial seizures and therapeutic levels of valproic acid (92.8 μg/ml) were obtained at discharge. Evolution During outpatient follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic, with no new episodes during the 9 months of evolution, and the control cranial MRI was similar to the previous one.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "78-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "personal", "history", "of", "hypertension", "controlled", "only", "by", "diet", ".", "He", "had", "been", "diagnosed", "with", "prostate", "cancer", "14", "years", "ago", ",", "which", "after", "surgical", "and", "hormonal", "treatment", "was", "now", "considered", "to", "be", "in", "remission", ".", "The", "only", "current", "medical", "treatment", "was", "sildenafil", "every", "15", "days", ".", "As", "a", "family", "history", "of", "interest", ",", "he", "reported", "that", "a", "brother", "had", "been", "diagnosed", "with", "generalised", "epilepsy", ",", "suffering", "sudden", "death", "during", "an", "episode", ".", "The", "patient", "consulted", "for", "an", "abrupt", "episode", "consisting", "of", "an", "ascending", "epigastric", "surge", ",", "followed", "by", "a", "confusional", "episode", ",", "with", "disconnection", "from", "the", "environment", ",", "incoherent", "language", ",", "sucking", "automatisms", "and", "movements", "of", "the", "left", "upper", "limb", ",", "which", "lasted", "approximately", "5", "minutes", ",", "with", "subsequent", "confusion", "and", "disorientation", ",", "which", "slowly", "recovered", "in", "about", "30", "minutes", ",", "with", "amnesia", "of", "the", "entire", "episode", ".", "During", "the", "transfer", "to", "the", "hospital", "and", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "he", "suffered", "two", "other", "episodes", "of", "similar", "characteristics", ".", "When", "questioned", "specifically", ",", "he", "reported", "that", "for", "some", "years", "he", "had", "been", "suffering", "from", "brief", "episodes", "of", "disorientation", "associated", "with", "a", "feeling", "of", "mental", "blockage", ",", "for", "which", "he", "had", "not", "consulted", ".", "Physical", "examination", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "vital", "signs", "were", "normal", "and", "he", "was", "afebrile", "and", "without", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "Cardiac", "and", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "and", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "general", "examination", "showed", "no", "pathological", "findings", ".", "In", "the", "neurological", "examination", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "alert", ",", "conscious", "and", "perfectly", "oriented", ",", "with", "preserved", "cognitive", "functions", "and", "coherent", "and", "fluent", "speech", ".", "Examination", "of", "the", "cranial", "nerves", ",", "muscle", "balance", "and", "gait", "were", "normal", ",", "with", "symmetrical", "and", "exalted", "myotatic", "reflexes", ",", "with", "bilateral", "flexor", "flexor", "cutaneous-plantar", "reflex", ".", "The", "only", "significant", "finding", "on", "examination", "was", "a", "slight", "left", "facial-brachial", "hypoaesthesia", ".", "Additional", "tests", "-", "A", "comprehensive", "blood", "test", "including", "haemogram", ",", "general", "biochemistry", ",", "coagulation", ",", "immunological", "study", "(", "ANAS", ")", ",", "thyroid", "function", "and", "proteinogram", "showed", "normal", "values", ".", "Tumour", "markers", ",", "serology", "(", "Borrelia", ",", "lupus", ",", "Brucella", "and", "HIV", ")", "and", "antineuronal", "antibodies", "were", "negative", ".", "-", "The", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "study", "included", "biochemistry", ",", "serology", "(", "lupus", ",", "Borrelia", "and", "Brucella", ")", ",", "viral", "PCR", "and", "culture", ",", "all", "of", "which", "were", "negative", ".", "-", "The", "electrocardiogram", "was", "normal", "and", "the", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "some", "old", "calcified", "images", ".", "-", "A", "thoraco-abdominal-pelvic", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "did", "indeed", "show", "bilateral", "calcified", "pleural", "plaques", ",", "with", "involvement", "of", "the", "diaphragmatic", "pleura", ",", "suggesting", "old", "pathology", "such", "as", "asbestos", "exposure", ",", "and", "simple", "liver", "cysts", ".", "-", "Brain", "CT", "scan", "showed", "only", "some", "lesions", "compatible", "with", "old", "lacunar", "infarcts", "and", "predominantly", "frontal", "cortical", "atrophy", ".", "-", "Brain", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "showed", "scarce", "images", "of", "chronic", "ischaemic", "appearance", "together", "with", "moderate", "frontal", "cortical", "atrophy", ",", "with", "striking", "hyperintensity", "in", "long", "TR", "sequences", "in", "both", "parahippocampal", "limbic", "systems", ",", "without", "contrast", "uptake", ".", "Coronal", "slices", "in", "FLAIR", "sequence", "of", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "showing", "bilateral", "hippocampal", "and", "parahippocampal", "hyperintensity", "of", "right", "predominance", ".", "-", "A", "Doppler", "study", "of", "supra-aortic", "trunks", "showed", "a", "probable", "proximal", "critical", "stenosis", "of", "the", "right", "vertebral", "artery", ".", "-", "The", "electroencephalogram", "recording", "was", "abnormal", ",", "with", "occasional", "epileptiform", "discharges", "(", "spike", "morphology", ")", "in", "the", "right", "temporal", "region", ".", "Diagnosis", "Complex", "partial", "seizures", "of", "temporal", "origin", ",", "secondary", "to", "bilateral", "mesial", "hippocampal", "sclerosis", ",", "with", "adult", "(", "late", ")", "presentation", ".", "Treatment", "Treatment", "with", "valproic", "acid", "was", "started", ",", "with", "adequate", "control", "of", "the", "complex", "partial", "seizures", "and", "therapeutic", "levels", "of", "valproic", "acid", "(", "92", ".", "8", "μg", "/", "ml", ")", "were", "obtained", "at", "discharge", ".", "Evolution", "During", "outpatient", "follow-up", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "asymptomatic", ",", "with", "no", "new", "episodes", "during", "the", "9", "months", "of", "evolution", ",", "and", "the", "control", "cranial", "MRI", "was", "similar", "to", "the", "previous", "one", "." ]
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en
Male, 41 years old. Hepatitis C carrier. History of polysubstance abuse, smoking, marijuana and intravenous drug use. Admitted to hospital for treatment of osteomyelitis due to group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus. Days after admission, sudden dyspnoea, tachycardia. CT scan was requested to rule out pulmonary thromboembolism, which was ruled out. Portable chest X-ray in frontal projection, mnip reconstruction, showing diffuse pulmonary nodules, prominence of the trunk of the pulmonary artery, reflecting pulmonary hypertension. Incidentally, as an anatomical variant, cystic fissure of the azygos vein. Axillary computed tomography slices showing multiple, bilateral, diffusely distributed central lobular micronodules, with no apex-to-basal gradient, no subpleural or peribronchovascular predominance. Focussed magnification to better represent the multiple, bilateral, central-lobular micronodules. Absence of ground-glass areas and signs of fibrosis. The image shows that the diameter of the segmental arteries is larger than the diameter of the accompanying bronchus, a sign of pulmonary hypertension. Signs of pulmonary hypertension. The diameter of the pulmonary artery trunk is increased, measuring 41mm. Increased right ventricular volume, with bulging of the interventricular septum to the left, with trabeculations of the right ventricular wall, which are also signs of overload of the right chambers. Final Diagnosis Thalcosis
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en
A 38-year-old patient attended the emergency department of our hospital with an erythematous and pruritic macular eruption that started on the forehead, eyelids and cheeks and later spread to the neck, antecubital and popliteal flexures, inner thighs and upper buttocks. He was treated with corticosteroids and antihistamines, with improvement of the symptoms, evolving with desquamation. Two days before the symptoms appeared, he had applied an oil called "Ayurvedic Neem Oil" (100% Azadirachta indica) to the affected areas. He recalls that 2 years earlier he had a facial rash that coincided with the application of this oil. She does not handle glues, adhesives or paints. She has not applied any topical NSAIDs or taken any medication. We began the study with epicutaneous tests with the True Test® battery extended with a mixture of perfumes II, Lyral and palladium and with a battery of essential oils from Martí Tor Alergia® (essence of bergamot, cedar, clove, laurel, eucalyptus, lavender, lemon grass, lime, lemon, mint, orange, neroli and sandalwood), which were negative at 48 and 96 hours. Ayurvedic Neem oil" was also patch tested as is with positive result (++) in both readings. Subsequently 10 control patients were tested with the same oil and all were negative. In view of the results, the study was completed with argan oil, rosehip oil, with a specific series of perfumes (amylcinnamic alcohol, amyl cinnamic aldehyde, anysyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzyl cinnamate, benzyl salycilate, bensylbenzoate, bioban, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic aldehyde, citral, citronella, citronellol, coumarin, d-limonene, eugenol, farnesol, perfume blend II, geraniol, hexyllcinnamic aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, isoeugenol, lyral, musk ambrette, oak moss absolute, oil cedar, oil neroli, oil bergamot, oil of cinnamon, oil of cloves, oil of eucalyptus, oil of laurel, oil of lemon, oil of lemon grass, oil of rose, oil of rosemary, phenyl salicilate, salicylaldehide, vanillin) and with a battery of plants (achillea millefolium, alantolactone, arnica montana, chamomilla romana, chrysanthemum cineariaefolium, diallyl disulfhide, holm oak moss absolute, primin, propolis, tanacetum vulgare, taraxacum officinale, ac. usnic acid, alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone, alpha-papinene and Scandinavian turpentine), both from Martí Tor Alergia®, obtaining only a weak positive test for alpha-papinene at 48 and 96 hours.
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en
A 49-year-old man with a history of asthma, dyslipidaemia, HIV positive on antiretroviral treatment (abacavir, lamivudine, dolutegravir), treated primary syphilis and bipolar disorder. No allergies, smoker, social drinker with no other intoxicants. Three weeks before admission he presented with fever, rectal tenesmus and proctalgia. An ultrasound and abdominal CT scan showed hepatomegaly suggestive of steatosis and non-obstructive calcific lithiasis. He received no treatment. Subsequently, he presented fever with chills and significant deterioration of general condition. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed aortic valve vegetation. He was referred for admission. Physical examination was normal, with no murmurs. CBC showed lymphocytes 1,300 /ul and elevated CRP (42 mg/l). Chest X-ray showed a calcific image of calcification. Chest X-ray showed a calcified image in the left hilum. Normal ECG. With the suspected diagnosis of acute endocarditis on native aortic valve in an immunocompetent HIV patient, blood cultures were performed and treatment was started with cloxacillin, ampicillin and gentamicin. During admission the following tests were performed: blood tests with CRP 96.3 mg/l, ESR 55 mm and GPT 72 U/L, GGT 197 U/L, LDH 402 U/L; transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis and ruled out complications; rectoanuscopy showed lesions in the rectal mucosa compatible with proctitis; anal smear with PCR for Chlamydia trachomatis was positive (serotype L2B negative); stool culture was negative; blood cultures at 3 weeks were negative. Suspecting possible endocarditis with negative blood cultures, infectious serology was performed with only positive results for Chlamydia trachomatis at very high titres of 1/256. Azithromycin 1 g was added to the treatment and doxycycline was started. In summary, this is an immunocompetent HIV-positive patient who initially presented with digestive symptoms of proctalgia and rectal tenesmus secondary to proctitis caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis. Subsequently, he developed systemic involvement, high fever and chills and was diagnosed by echocardiogram as possibly having acute aortic endocarditis. Blood cultures were negative after 3 weeks, so we considered the differential diagnosis of endocarditis with negative blood cultures. The infectious serology study showed a very high titre for Chlamydia trachomatis with negative serotype L2B, which could support the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis endocarditis, a very rare pathology with very few cases described.
[ "A", "49-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "asthma", ",", "dyslipidaemia", ",", "HIV", "positive", "on", "antiretroviral", "treatment", "(", "abacavir", ",", "lamivudine", ",", "dolutegravir", ")", ",", "treated", "primary", "syphilis", "and", "bipolar", "disorder", ".", "No", "allergies", ",", "smoker", ",", "social", "drinker", "with", "no", "other", "intoxicants", ".", "Three", "weeks", "before", "admission", "he", "presented", "with", "fever", ",", "rectal", "tenesmus", "and", "proctalgia", ".", "An", "ultrasound", "and", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "showed", "hepatomegaly", "suggestive", "of", "steatosis", "and", "non-obstructive", "calcific", "lithiasis", ".", "He", "received", "no", "treatment", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "presented", "fever", "with", "chills", "and", "significant", "deterioration", "of", "general", "condition", ".", "A", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "showed", "aortic", "valve", "vegetation", ".", "He", "was", "referred", "for", "admission", ".", "Physical", "examination", "was", "normal", ",", "with", "no", "murmurs", ".", "CBC", "showed", "lymphocytes", "1", ",", "300", "/", "ul", "and", "elevated", "CRP", "(", "42", "mg", "/", "l", ")", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "calcific", "image", "of", "calcification", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "a", "calcified", "image", "in", "the", "left", "hilum", ".", "Normal", "ECG", ".", "With", "the", "suspected", "diagnosis", "of", "acute", "endocarditis", "on", "native", "aortic", "valve", "in", "an", "immunocompetent", "HIV", "patient", ",", "blood", "cultures", "were", "performed", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "cloxacillin", ",", "ampicillin", "and", "gentamicin", ".", "During", "admission", "the", "following", "tests", "were", "performed", ":", "blood", "tests", "with", "CRP", "96", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "l", ",", "ESR", "55", "mm", "and", "GPT", "72", "U", "/", "L", ",", "GGT", "197", "U", "/", "L", ",", "LDH", "402", "U", "/", "L", ";", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "confirmed", "the", "diagnosis", "and", "ruled", "out", "complications", ";", "rectoanuscopy", "showed", "lesions", "in", "the", "rectal", "mucosa", "compatible", "with", "proctitis", ";", "anal", "smear", "with", "PCR", "for", "Chlamydia", "trachomatis", "was", "positive", "(", "serotype", "L2B", "negative", ")", ";", "stool", "culture", "was", "negative", ";", "blood", "cultures", "at", "3", "weeks", "were", "negative", ".", "Suspecting", "possible", "endocarditis", "with", "negative", "blood", "cultures", ",", "infectious", "serology", "was", "performed", "with", "only", "positive", "results", "for", "Chlamydia", "trachomatis", "at", "very", "high", "titres", "of", "1", "/", "256", ".", "Azithromycin", "1", "g", "was", "added", "to", "the", "treatment", "and", "doxycycline", "was", "started", ".", "In", "summary", ",", "this", "is", "an", "immunocompetent", "HIV-positive", "patient", "who", "initially", "presented", "with", "digestive", "symptoms", "of", "proctalgia", "and", "rectal", "tenesmus", "secondary", "to", "proctitis", "caused", "by", "Chlamydia", "Trachomatis", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "developed", "systemic", "involvement", ",", "high", "fever", "and", "chills", "and", "was", "diagnosed", "by", "echocardiogram", "as", "possibly", "having", "acute", "aortic", "endocarditis", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "were", "negative", "after", "3", "weeks", ",", "so", "we", "considered", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "endocarditis", "with", "negative", "blood", "cultures", ".", "The", "infectious", "serology", "study", "showed", "a", "very", "high", "titre", "for", "Chlamydia", "trachomatis", "with", "negative", "serotype", "L2B", ",", "which", "could", "support", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "Chlamydia", "trachomatis", "endocarditis", ",", "a", "very", "rare", "pathology", "with", "very", "few", "cases", "described", "." ]
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[ { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 59, "end": 62 }, { "text": "antiretroviral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 75, "end": 89 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1001, "end": 1004 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1005, "end": 1012 }, { "text": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1437, "end": 1458 }, { "text": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1694, "end": 1715 }, { "text": "Chlamydia Trachomatis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1994, "end": 2015 }, { "text": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2363, "end": 2384 }, { "text": "Chlamydia trachomatis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2450, "end": 2471 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1858, "end": 1861 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1871, "end": 1878 } ]
en
Anamnesis Male farmer, 75 years old, allergic to NSAIDs, with a personal history of dyslipidaemia and COPD. He consulted the doctor for the presence of an ulcerated lesion on the back of the right hand, which had developed over a 3-month period and was progressively growing, following an accidental trauma with a plough while he was working in the fields. Subsequently, other smaller subcutaneous lesions appeared progressively, advancing proximally, on the right forearm and arm. No fever or other associated systemic symptoms. Physical examination There was an ulcerous, crusted, indurated plaque with sero-purulent discharge, 2 cm in diameter, located on the dorsum of the right hand. There were three other nodular lesions, with an erythematous surface and a diameter of one centimetre, on the ipsilateral forearm and arm, following the lymphatic tract. Complementary examinations In view of these findings, culture and incisional biopsy of the lesion on the dorsum of the hand were performed for microbiological and histopathological study respectively. The histopathological study showed marked irregular, pseudoepitheliomatous epidermal hyperplasia with multiple dermal and intraepidermal microabscesses and a mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrate at the dermal level consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes and some eosinophils. In the centre of the microabscesses there were numerous nuclear fragments with cellular detritus that appeared to be expelled through tracts or sinuses towards the epidermal surface. With the PAS technique, at the level of the microabscesses, very few and doubtful images were observed that could correspond to fungal spores, although they were not conclusive. The microbiological study proved to be inconclusive, as Sporothrix globosa, which is part of the Sporothrix schenckii complex, was isolated in the culture. Diagnosis The data obtained in the anamnesis, together with the physical examination and the complementary tests established the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. Treatment Given the clinical suspicion of sporotrichosis, prior to microbiological confirmation, empirical treatment with Itraconazole 200 mg/day for 12 weeks was started. Evolution A very good evolution was observed after four weeks of treatment with complete resolution of the lesions 6 weeks later.
[ "Anamnesis", "Male", "farmer", ",", "75", "years", "old", ",", "allergic", "to", "NSAIDs", ",", "with", "a", "personal", "history", "of", "dyslipidaemia", "and", "COPD", ".", "He", "consulted", "the", "doctor", "for", "the", "presence", "of", "an", "ulcerated", "lesion", "on", "the", "back", "of", "the", "right", "hand", ",", "which", "had", "developed", "over", "a", "3-month", "period", "and", "was", "progressively", "growing", ",", "following", "an", "accidental", "trauma", "with", "a", "plough", "while", "he", "was", "working", "in", "the", "fields", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "other", "smaller", "subcutaneous", "lesions", "appeared", "progressively", ",", "advancing", "proximally", ",", "on", "the", "right", "forearm", "and", "arm", ".", "No", "fever", "or", "other", "associated", "systemic", "symptoms", ".", "Physical", "examination", "There", "was", "an", "ulcerous", ",", "crusted", ",", "indurated", "plaque", "with", "sero-purulent", "discharge", ",", "2", "cm", "in", "diameter", ",", "located", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "right", "hand", ".", "There", "were", "three", "other", "nodular", "lesions", ",", "with", "an", "erythematous", "surface", "and", "a", "diameter", "of", "one", "centimetre", ",", "on", "the", "ipsilateral", "forearm", "and", "arm", ",", "following", "the", "lymphatic", "tract", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "culture", "and", "incisional", "biopsy", "of", "the", "lesion", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "hand", "were", "performed", "for", "microbiological", "and", "histopathological", "study", "respectively", ".", "The", "histopathological", "study", "showed", "marked", "irregular", ",", "pseudoepitheliomatous", "epidermal", "hyperplasia", "with", "multiple", "dermal", "and", "intraepidermal", "microabscesses", "and", "a", "mixed", "cellular", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", "at", "the", "dermal", "level", "consisting", "of", "lymphocytes", ",", "plasma", "cells", ",", "histiocytes", "and", "some", "eosinophils", ".", "In", "the", "centre", "of", "the", "microabscesses", "there", "were", "numerous", "nuclear", "fragments", "with", "cellular", "detritus", "that", "appeared", "to", "be", "expelled", "through", "tracts", "or", "sinuses", "towards", "the", "epidermal", "surface", ".", "With", "the", "PAS", "technique", ",", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "microabscesses", ",", "very", "few", "and", "doubtful", "images", "were", "observed", "that", "could", "correspond", "to", "fungal", "spores", ",", "although", "they", "were", "not", "conclusive", ".", "The", "microbiological", "study", "proved", "to", "be", "inconclusive", ",", "as", "Sporothrix", "globosa", ",", "which", "is", "part", "of", "the", "Sporothrix", "schenckii", "complex", ",", "was", "isolated", "in", "the", "culture", ".", "Diagnosis", "The", "data", "obtained", "in", "the", "anamnesis", ",", "together", "with", "the", "physical", "examination", "and", "the", "complementary", "tests", "established", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "sporotrichosis", ".", "Treatment", "Given", "the", "clinical", "suspicion", "of", "sporotrichosis", ",", "prior", "to", "microbiological", "confirmation", ",", "empirical", "treatment", "with", "Itraconazole", "200", "mg", "/", "day", "for", "12", "weeks", "was", "started", ".", "Evolution", "A", "very", "good", "evolution", "was", "observed", "after", "four", "weeks", "of", "treatment", "with", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "lesions", "6", "weeks", "later", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 10, "end": 14 }, { "text": "farmer", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 15, "end": 21 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 64, "end": 72 }, { "text": "spores", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1672, "end": 1678 }, { "text": "Sporothrix schenckii complex", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1812, "end": 1840 }, { "text": "Sporothrix globosa", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1771, "end": 1789 } ]
en
The patient was admitted to our unit at 45 days of life (day 0) for moderate to severe dehydration due to acute gastroenteritis. Interesting data include: preterm newborn of 32 weeks gestational age with adequate birth weight (2,060 g) and Down's syndrome, diagnosed in the first week of life of TF. Prior to admission he had not presented any hypoxic crisis. His weight curve was adequate. Ultrasound (Sonos 100 CF, Hewlett Packard, Massachusetts, USA) showed a pulmonary stenosis gradient of 70 mmHg, baseline O2 saturation was 92% with O2 at 0.5 bpm in nasal goggles, non-invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) ranged between 50 and 55 mmHg (50-90 percentile for his age). On the third day he presented acute hypovolaemic shock due to severe diarrhoea, requiring volume expansion, intubation and connection to mechanical ventilation (MV). After a good clinical response, the patient was extubated after 6 hours with good clinical and gasometric tolerance. On the fifth day he started with progressive dyspnoea, cyanosis, bilateral crackles without wheezing, requiring reintubation and connection to MV (Babylog 8000 plus, Dräger Medizintechnik GMBH. Lübeck, Germany). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) testing in nasal mucus was negative. On day 8 he developed progressive oligoanuria with generalised oedema (maximum weight gain of 16% on day 9) and increased oxygen requirements (FiO2: 100%), with significant decrease in lung compliance and severe refractory hypoxaemia (transcutaneous saturation < 70%). Invasive MAT remained higher than 45 mmHg (5th percentile for her age: 43 mmHg): there was no pathological thermal gradient or coagulopathy. On auscultation, the heart murmur changed characteristics, becoming shorter and less intense (suggestive of suprasystemic PPH). Prone ventilation achieved only slight improvement for 2-3 hours (oxygenation index [OI] from 19 to 16) and the patient could not tolerate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increases greater than 8 cmH2O (desaturation and systemic hypotension). After ruling out infundibular spasm by ultrasound and verifying PPH (reversal of ventricular septal defect [VSD] shunt), treatment was started with ONI at 40 bpm. Subsequently, after a good response, it was maintained at 20 bpm. ONI and nitrous oxide (NOxPUMP plus, Bedfont Scientific Ltd, Upchurch Kent, England) were continuously monitored, the latter being maintained in ranges below 3 ppm. The patient was also treated with dopamine perfusion at 8 μg/kg/minute. Chest X-ray showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates and mild pulmonary oligoperfusion. Bronchoalveolar lavage isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic treatment was started. On day 12, resolution of the acute renal failure and oedema was observed, without having received treatment with renal function replacement agents. From day 30, a progressive improvement in respiratory dynamics was observed, tolerating the progressive weaning of ONI (previously it had not been possible to reduce it to less than 15 ppm because the patient could not tolerate it). On day 35 the patient was extubated.
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en
Female patient aged 62 years, obese, diabetic and hypertensive for a year. For the last 6 months she has been complaining of sporadic, low-intensity right lumbar pain. Physical examination was normal. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, which showed a hypoechogenic right adrenal mass of 80mm, compressing the upper pole of the right kidney. A descending urogram showed an expansive process in the right adrenal gland, the upper pole of the right kidney was displaced downwards. On helical CT scan, tumour mass with a larger diameter of 8.7x76 cm with irregular contours, heterogeneous density of 100 - 37 HU, septate, compatible with adrenal tumour of fatty density. Figure 1 The hormonal study for cortisol determination was normal. The patient underwent surgery via lumbar approach. Trans-operative findings were a tumour located in the right adrenal gland, well demarcated with irregular borders and lobulations. Right adrenalectomy was performed without complications. The patient's postoperative evolution was favourable and she remained asymptomatic. The pathologist reported the specimen weighing 171.4 g, measuring 9 x 8 x 6 cm, with yellow-orange areas and other areas of haemorrhage and adipose tissue alternating with areas of calcifications. Histopathological examination: myelolipoma of the adrenal gland with extensive areas of calcifications.
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en
41-year-old male, no known adverse drug reactions, smoker of 6 cigarettes a day, denies other toxins. His personal history includes depression after the death of his parents, and erectile dysfunction without organic cause. He has undergone surgery for perianal fistula and ankle osteosynthesis due to an accident. He does not undergo treatment on a regular basis. From a rural area, in contact with cattle, dogs and cats. She denies consumption of unpasteurised products, as well as recent trips, bites and risky sexual contacts. Family history: father died as a result of colon cancer. The patient came to the emergency department with fever of up to 40oC, headache and intense asthenia, of five days' evolution, with no other accompanying symptoms. On examination, he was haemodynamically stable, tachycardic and had painful hepatomegaly. No skin or joint involvement. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia: haemoglobin (Hb) 12.8 mg/dl, leukocytes 3,910/mm3, platelets 43,000/mm3 (Normal: 150,000-450. 000), increased transaminases: aspartate aminotransferase - AST - 297 U/L (N:0-37), alanine aminotransferase - ALT - 354 U/L (N: 0-40), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 1536 U/L (N: < 460) and C-reactive protein (CRP) 220 mg/L (N: 1-4). Renal function and ions were within normal values. Serial blood cultures, urine cultures and serology were drawn. Chest X-ray with no images of condensation. Abdominal ultrasound showed the spleen at the upper limit of normality (12.7 cm). Suspicion of zoonosis was raised on the basis of the medical history and treatment with doxycycline was started. During admission the fever was well tolerated, progressively decreasing, until there was only one episode per day, without sweating. There were no episodes of bleeding or haematomas. Blood cultures were repeatedly negative, as was the urine culture. Serology showed a past infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), negative hepatotropic viruses. Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella quintana and B. henselae, Leptospira spp., Rickettsia spp., Brucella sp., Toxoplasma gondii negative and pending parvovirus B19, and also 2nd serology. Malaria antigen and Giemsa stain negative. Serology for Leishmania spp. was requested, but due to lack of availability in the microbiology laboratory it was not performed. For the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), both serology and quantitative determination of viral load were performed, and both were negative. Mantoux and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were requested and were negative. Microscopy of samples stained with Ziehl-Neelsen stains showed no evidence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and the mycobacterial culture obtained at this time was also negative after the 46-day study period. At the next analytical control, there was an improvement in both transaminases and inflammatory parameters. Reticulocytes were 3.04% (N: 0.5-1.5), suggesting a peripheral origin of the anaemia. The direct Coombs' test was positive, suggesting haemolytic anaemia. In the peripheral blood smear, no morphological alterations were observed that would point to the origin of the pancytopenia, so the haematology department was contacted. A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy were performed, and a direct cytohistochemical study was requested, together with staining and culture to rule out infection by mycobacteria, leishmaniasis and Brucella; no abnormalities were reported in the staining or cytometry. During the time of admission the patient remained asymptomatic, except for the presence of isolated, well-tolerated episodes of fever without sweating that subsided with antipyretics, and he was haemodynamically stable. It was agreed with the patient to continue the study on an outpatient basis. However, the patient was readmitted after 3 days due to persistence of fever despite antipyretic treatment, and the febrile syndrome began to be poorly tolerated. The physical examination was unremarkable, and in the analytical control the pancytopenia persisted. A CT scan of the chest and abdomen revealed small non-specific mediastinal lymphadenopathies, mild splenomegaly (13.6 cm) and retrocrural and periaortic lymphadenopathies. The bone marrow biopsy was repeated, showing a poor representation of the myeloid series and dysplastic megakaryocytes, with mild fibrosis. Cytology ruled out lymphomatous infiltration. An autoimmune study was requested, initially anti-smooth muscle antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were positive (nucleolar pattern 1/160), subsequently normalising. The proteinogram and tumour markers were normal. Elevation of triglycerides (TG) 211 mg/dl (N<150) and ferritin, 4190 ng/ml (N 12-300 in males). The patient developed jaundice, with worsening liver function: GOT and GPT>1000 U/l, total bilirubin 8-16 mg/dl (N: 0.0-1.0) at the expense of the direct fraction, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). A transjugular liver biopsy was performed, showing submassive necrosis of probably toxic origin, as well as abundant ferric pigment in the Kupffer cells. In this context, liver MRI was requested, where moderate iron overload was observed, with no images of masses. The liver sample was stained with Congo Red stain, which was negative. Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis in a young male with high fever of community origin, pancytopenia and liver alterations should include mainly pathology of infectious causes such as those detailed below, especially in our environment: bacterial: zoonosis, tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections; parasites (malaria and leishmaniasis), viral (HIV, hepatotropic viruses, parvovirus B19). On the other hand, haematological diseases with malignant invasion of MO (myelofibrosis, leukaemia, lymphoma) or myelodysplastic syndromes. Haemophagocytic syndrome would also be included in the differential diagnosis, as well as other liver diseases and autoimmune diseases. Possible toxic effects of pharmacological or chemical agents (cytotoxins, benzene, antiepileptics, etc.) should always be included in the differential diagnosis. Infiltrative diseases such as Gaucher disease, haemochromatosis or amyloidosis are also considered as potential causes of splenomegaly. Evolution Serologies were repeated and were positive for IgG and IgM of parvovirus B19, the rest negative. Given the persistence of pancytopenia, the bone marrow study was repeated, where haemophagocytosis was observed: proliferation of histiocytes of normal morphology with intense phagocytic activity of haemopoietic cells. No parasites were found. The diagnosis of haemophagocytic syndrome was confirmed on the basis of the following criteria: fever, compatible cytology, splenomegaly and cytopenias in all three series. The bone marrow study did not reveal the presence of parasites or other microorganisms. The reactivation of a parvovirus B19 infection evidenced by serology is now postulated as a possible cause. Given the poor clinical evolution of the patient, with worsening liver function, the Haematology Department accepted the patient and started chemotherapy treatment for SHF with Etoposide and Dexamethasone, according to the HLH-94 protocol. After the first cycle of chemotherapy, there was an improvement in the hepatic parameters, to the point of complete normalisation, so it was not necessary to add cyclosporine. Two months later, the patient was discharged from haematology for outpatient follow-up. However, given the persistence of fever and pancytopenia, and despite not being included in the protocol for action in the case of haemophagocytic syndrome, a repeat bone marrow study was performed, and the cytology showed Leishmania spp. amastigotes, with an absence of haemophagocytosis. In view of this circumstance, and in order to date the chronology of the leishmaniasis, a sample of the patient from the serum collection of the Microbiology laboratory was used, corresponding to the first admission, and given that the technique was already available, serology for Leishmania spp. was requested. This was positive, indicating that the patient was already infected by Leishmania spp. at the beginning of the symptoms, despite not having been documented in the repeated bone marrow studies. Final diagnosis The final diagnosis is haemophagocytic syndrome secondary to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in an immunocompetent patient, who secondarily develops acute hepatitis with submassive necrosis and acute liver failure.
[ "41-year-old", "male", ",", "no", "known", "adverse", "drug", "reactions", ",", "smoker", "of", "6", "cigarettes", "a", "day", ",", "denies", "other", "toxins", ".", "His", "personal", "history", "includes", "depression", "after", "the", "death", "of", "his", "parents", ",", "and", "erectile", "dysfunction", "without", "organic", "cause", ".", "He", "has", "undergone", "surgery", "for", "perianal", "fistula", "and", "ankle", "osteosynthesis", "due", "to", "an", "accident", ".", "He", "does", "not", "undergo", "treatment", "on", "a", "regular", "basis", ".", "From", "a", "rural", "area", ",", "in", "contact", "with", "cattle", ",", "dogs", "and", "cats", ".", "She", "denies", "consumption", "of", "unpasteurised", "products", ",", "as", "well", "as", "recent", "trips", ",", "bites", "and", "risky", "sexual", "contacts", ".", "Family", "history", ":", "father", "died", "as", "a", "result", "of", "colon", "cancer", ".", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "40oC", ",", "headache", "and", "intense", "asthenia", ",", "of", "five", "days", "'", "evolution", ",", "with", "no", "other", "accompanying", "symptoms", ".", "On", "examination", ",", "he", "was", "haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "tachycardic", "and", "had", "painful", "hepatomegaly", ".", "No", "skin", "or", "joint", "involvement", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "pancytopenia", ":", "haemoglobin", "(", "Hb", ")", "12", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "leukocytes", "3", ",", "910", "/", "mm3", ",", "platelets", "43", ",", "000", "/", "mm3", "(", "Normal", ":", "150", ",", "000-450", ".", "000", ")", ",", "increased", "transaminases", ":", "aspartate", "aminotransferase", "-", "AST", "-", "297", "U", "/", "L", "(", "N", ":", "0-37", ")", ",", "alanine", "aminotransferase", "-", "ALT", "-", "354", "U", "/", "L", "(", "N", ":", "0-40", ")", ",", "lactate", "dehydrogenase", "(", "LDH", ")", "1536", "U", "/", "L", "(", "N", ":", "<", "460", ")", "and", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "220", "mg", "/", "L", "(", "N", ":", "1-4", ")", ".", "Renal", "function", "and", "ions", "were", "within", "normal", "values", ".", "Serial", "blood", "cultures", ",", "urine", "cultures", "and", "serology", "were", "drawn", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "with", "no", "images", "of", "condensation", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "the", "spleen", "at", "the", "upper", "limit", "of", "normality", "(", "12", ".", "7", "cm", ")", ".", "Suspicion", "of", "zoonosis", "was", "raised", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "the", "medical", "history", "and", "treatment", "with", "doxycycline", "was", "started", ".", "During", "admission", "the", "fever", "was", "well", "tolerated", ",", "progressively", "decreasing", ",", "until", "there", "was", "only", "one", "episode", "per", "day", ",", "without", "sweating", ".", "There", "were", "no", "episodes", "of", "bleeding", "or", "haematomas", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "were", "repeatedly", "negative", ",", "as", "was", "the", "urine", "culture", ".", "Serology", "showed", "a", "past", "infection", "with", "cytomegalovirus", "(", "CMV", ")", "and", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", "(", "EBV", ")", ",", "negative", "hepatotropic", "viruses", ".", "Coxiella", "burnetii", ",", "Bartonella", "quintana", "and", "B", ".", "henselae", ",", "Leptospira", "spp", ".", ",", "Rickettsia", "spp", ".", ",", "Brucella", "sp", ".", ",", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", "negative", "and", "pending", "parvovirus", "B19", ",", "and", "also", "2nd", "serology", ".", "Malaria", "antigen", "and", "Giemsa", "stain", "negative", ".", "Serology", "for", "Leishmania", "spp", ".", "was", "requested", ",", "but", "due", "to", "lack", "of", "availability", "in", "the", "microbiology", "laboratory", "it", "was", "not", "performed", ".", "For", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "HIV", ")", ",", "both", "serology", "and", "quantitative", "determination", "of", "viral", "load", "were", "performed", ",", "and", "both", "were", "negative", ".", "Mantoux", "and", "interferon", "gamma", "(", "IFN-gamma", ")", "were", "requested", "and", "were", "negative", ".", "Microscopy", "of", "samples", "stained", "with", "Ziehl-Neelsen", "stains", "showed", "no", "evidence", "of", "acid-fast", "bacilli", "(", "AFB", ")", ",", "and", "the", "mycobacterial", "culture", "obtained", "at", "this", "time", "was", "also", "negative", "after", "the", "46-day", "study", "period", ".", "At", "the", "next", "analytical", "control", ",", "there", "was", "an", "improvement", "in", "both", "transaminases", "and", "inflammatory", "parameters", ".", "Reticulocytes", "were", "3", ".", "04", "%", "(", "N", ":", "0", ".", "5-1", ".", "5", ")", ",", "suggesting", "a", "peripheral", "origin", "of", "the", "anaemia", ".", "The", "direct", "Coombs", "'", "test", "was", "positive", ",", "suggesting", "haemolytic", "anaemia", ".", "In", "the", "peripheral", "blood", "smear", ",", "no", "morphological", "alterations", "were", "observed", "that", "would", "point", "to", "the", "origin", "of", "the", "pancytopenia", ",", "so", "the", "haematology", "department", "was", "contacted", ".", "A", "bone", "marrow", "aspirate", "and", "biopsy", "were", "performed", ",", "and", "a", "direct", "cytohistochemical", "study", "was", "requested", ",", "together", "with", "staining", "and", "culture", "to", "rule", "out", "infection", "by", "mycobacteria", ",", "leishmaniasis", "and", "Brucella", ";", "no", "abnormalities", "were", "reported", "in", "the", "staining", "or", "cytometry", ".", "During", "the", "time", "of", "admission", "the", "patient", "remained", "asymptomatic", ",", "except", "for", "the", "presence", "of", "isolated", ",", "well-tolerated", "episodes", "of", "fever", "without", "sweating", "that", "subsided", "with", "antipyretics", ",", "and", "he", "was", "haemodynamically", "stable", ".", "It", "was", "agreed", "with", "the", "patient", "to", "continue", "the", "study", "on", "an", "outpatient", "basis", ".", "However", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "readmitted", "after", "3", "days", "due", "to", "persistence", "of", "fever", "despite", "antipyretic", "treatment", ",", "and", "the", "febrile", "syndrome", "began", "to", "be", "poorly", "tolerated", ".", "The", "physical", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", ",", "and", "in", "the", "analytical", "control", "the", "pancytopenia", "persisted", ".", "A", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", "and", "abdomen", "revealed", "small", "non-specific", "mediastinal", "lymphadenopathies", ",", "mild", "splenomegaly", "(", "13", ".", "6", "cm", ")", "and", "retrocrural", "and", "periaortic", "lymphadenopathies", ".", "The", "bone", "marrow", "biopsy", "was", "repeated", ",", "showing", "a", "poor", "representation", "of", "the", "myeloid", "series", "and", "dysplastic", "megakaryocytes", ",", "with", "mild", "fibrosis", ".", "Cytology", "ruled", "out", "lymphomatous", "infiltration", ".", "An", "autoimmune", "study", "was", "requested", ",", "initially", "anti-smooth", "muscle", "antibodies", "and", "antinuclear", "antibodies", "(", "ANA", ")", "were", "positive", "(", "nucleolar", "pattern", "1", "/", "160", ")", ",", "subsequently", "normalising", ".", "The", "proteinogram", "and", "tumour", "markers", "were", "normal", ".", "Elevation", "of", "triglycerides", "(", "TG", ")", "211", "mg", "/", "dl", "(", "N", "<", "150", ")", "and", "ferritin", ",", "4190", "ng", "/", "ml", "(", "N", "12-300", "in", "males", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "developed", "jaundice", ",", "with", "worsening", "liver", "function", ":", "GOT", "and", "GPT", ">", "1000", "U", "/", "l", ",", "total", "bilirubin", "8-16", "mg", "/", "dl", "(", "N", ":", "0", ".", "0-1", ".", "0", ")", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "the", "direct", "fraction", ",", "elevated", "lactate", "dehydrogenase", "(", "LDH", ")", ",", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "(", "ALP", ")", "and", "gamma", "glutamyl", "transpeptidase", "(", "GGT", ")", ".", "A", "transjugular", "liver", "biopsy", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "submassive", "necrosis", "of", "probably", "toxic", "origin", ",", "as", "well", "as", "abundant", "ferric", "pigment", "in", "the", "Kupffer", "cells", ".", "In", "this", "context", ",", "liver", "MRI", "was", "requested", ",", "where", "moderate", "iron", "overload", "was", "observed", ",", "with", "no", "images", "of", "masses", ".", "The", "liver", "sample", "was", "stained", "with", "Congo", "Red", "stain", ",", "which", "was", "negative", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", "in", "a", "young", "male", "with", "high", "fever", "of", "community", "origin", ",", "pancytopenia", "and", "liver", "alterations", "should", "include", "mainly", "pathology", "of", "infectious", "causes", "such", "as", "those", "detailed", "below", ",", "especially", "in", "our", "environment", ":", "bacterial", ":", "zoonosis", ",", "tuberculous", "and", "non-tuberculous", "mycobacterial", "infections", ";", "parasites", "(", "malaria", "and", "leishmaniasis", ")", ",", "viral", "(", "HIV", ",", "hepatotropic", "viruses", ",", "parvovirus", "B19", ")", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "haematological", "diseases", "with", "malignant", "invasion", "of", "MO", "(", "myelofibrosis", ",", "leukaemia", ",", "lymphoma", ")", "or", "myelodysplastic", "syndromes", ".", "Haemophagocytic", "syndrome", "would", "also", "be", "included", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ",", "as", "well", "as", "other", "liver", "diseases", "and", "autoimmune", "diseases", ".", "Possible", "toxic", "effects", "of", "pharmacological", "or", "chemical", "agents", "(", "cytotoxins", ",", "benzene", ",", "antiepileptics", ",", "etc", ".", ")", "should", "always", "be", "included", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "Infiltrative", "diseases", "such", "as", "Gaucher", "disease", ",", "haemochromatosis", "or", "amyloidosis", "are", "also", "considered", "as", "potential", "causes", "of", "splenomegaly", ".", "Evolution", "Serologies", "were", "repeated", "and", "were", "positive", "for", "IgG", "and", "IgM", "of", "parvovirus", "B19", ",", "the", "rest", "negative", ".", "Given", "the", "persistence", "of", "pancytopenia", ",", "the", "bone", "marrow", "study", "was", "repeated", ",", "where", "haemophagocytosis", "was", "observed", ":", "proliferation", "of", "histiocytes", "of", "normal", "morphology", "with", "intense", "phagocytic", "activity", "of", "haemopoietic", "cells", ".", "No", "parasites", "were", "found", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "of", "haemophagocytic", "syndrome", "was", "confirmed", "on", "the", "basis", "of", "the", "following", "criteria", ":", "fever", ",", "compatible", "cytology", ",", "splenomegaly", "and", "cytopenias", "in", "all", "three", "series", ".", "The", "bone", "marrow", "study", "did", "not", "reveal", "the", "presence", "of", "parasites", "or", "other", "microorganisms", ".", "The", "reactivation", "of", "a", "parvovirus", "B19", "infection", "evidenced", "by", "serology", "is", "now", "postulated", "as", "a", "possible", "cause", ".", "Given", "the", "poor", "clinical", "evolution", "of", "the", "patient", ",", "with", "worsening", "liver", "function", ",", "the", "Haematology", "Department", "accepted", "the", "patient", "and", "started", "chemotherapy", "treatment", "for", "SHF", "with", "Etoposide", "and", "Dexamethasone", ",", "according", "to", "the", "HLH-94", "protocol", ".", "After", "the", "first", "cycle", "of", "chemotherapy", ",", "there", "was", "an", "improvement", "in", "the", "hepatic", "parameters", ",", "to", "the", "point", "of", "complete", "normalisation", ",", "so", "it", "was", "not", "necessary", "to", "add", "cyclosporine", ".", "Two", "months", "later", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "from", "haematology", "for", "outpatient", "follow-up", ".", "However", ",", "given", "the", "persistence", "of", "fever", "and", "pancytopenia", ",", "and", "despite", "not", "being", "included", "in", "the", "protocol", "for", "action", "in", "the", "case", "of", "haemophagocytic", "syndrome", ",", "a", "repeat", "bone", "marrow", "study", "was", "performed", ",", "and", "the", "cytology", "showed", "Leishmania", "spp", ".", "amastigotes", ",", "with", "an", "absence", "of", "haemophagocytosis", ".", "In", "view", "of", "this", "circumstance", ",", "and", "in", "order", "to", "date", "the", "chronology", "of", "the", "leishmaniasis", ",", "a", "sample", "of", "the", "patient", "from", "the", "serum", "collection", "of", "the", "Microbiology", "laboratory", "was", "used", ",", "corresponding", "to", "the", "first", "admission", ",", "and", "given", "that", "the", "technique", "was", "already", "available", ",", "serology", "for", "Leishmania", "spp", ".", "was", "requested", ".", "This", "was", "positive", ",", "indicating", "that", "the", "patient", "was", "already", "infected", "by", "Leishmania", "spp", ".", "at", "the", "beginning", "of", "the", "symptoms", ",", "despite", "not", "having", "been", "documented", "in", "the", "repeated", "bone", "marrow", "studies", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "The", "final", "diagnosis", "is", "haemophagocytic", "syndrome", "secondary", "to", "visceral", "leishmaniasis", "(", "VL", ")", "in", "an", "immunocompetent", "patient", ",", "who", "secondarily", "develops", "acute", "hepatitis", "with", "submassive", "necrosis", "and", "acute", "liver", "failure", "." ]
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en
A 58-year-old woman diagnosed with seropositive, erosive and nodular rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with high titres of rheumatoid factor for 15 years. She had received previous treatment with different disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs): hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, cyclosporine and leflunomide, which were withdrawn due to ineffectiveness. He followed background treatment with methotrexate 25mg/weekly/sc, prednisone 5-10mg/day variable and infliximab 5mg/kg/IV/8 weeks with acceptable disease control in the last 2 years with low activity without reaching complete remission. He developed septic arthritis of the right ankle with synovial fluid culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Infliximab was withdrawn and treatment was started with intravenous antibiotherapy. After 3 months she consulted for red eye, intense periorbital pain and photophobia. The patient presented with an upper peripheral corneal infiltrate in a crescent shape with extreme stromal thinning associated with scleritis. The culture of the corneal scraping was negative. On suspicion of severe QUP, treatment was started with prednisone 1mg/kg/day orally with no response. Megadoses of methylprednisolone 1g/IV/3 days were prescribed. In addition, surgical resection of the conjunctival tissue adjacent to the QUP and cyanoacrylate adhesive was performed to prevent ocular perforation. The patient responded poorly to treatment, with persistent pain, scleritis and corneal infiltrate. As there was not optimal control of her underlying disease, we decided to start an infusion of rituximab 1g/i.v. two infusions 15 days apart. Three weeks after the start of treatment, there was significant clinical improvement, with an inactive corneal leukoma without scleritis. She is currently being treated with i.v. rituximab on a schedule of RA every 8 months with good clinical control.
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en
Male patient, 48 years old, single, with no drug allergies or personal history of interest. He was a two-pack-a-day smoker and an occasional drinker. He did not receive medical treatment at home. He came to the emergency department for the appearance of nodular dermal lesions together with a slightly pruritic maculopapular rash affecting the chest, back, genital region, upper and lower limbs, of about ten days' evolution. It was associated with fever up to 38oC, chills, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. The patient denied intestinal symptoms, urinary symptoms or macroscopic urine alterations. He reported no contact with animals and no consumption of water or unprocessed food. The patient had not travelled abroad and had no recollection of arthropod bites. He reported frequent risky heterosexual intercourse. Physical examination revealed maculopapular lesions with slight peripheral desquamation, symmetrical, located mainly on the chest, back, upper and lower limbs; and isolated skin nodules on the chest and back, without palmo-plantar involvement. He also showed some preputial genital lesions similar to those described, without affecting the glans penis. No chancroid was observed. The otorhinolaryngological examination showed a septic mouth, with an isolated whitish lesion on the left jugal mucosa, close to the labial commissure, as well as a fusiform tumour at the level of the hard palatine velum, of medial location. Cardiac and pulmonary auscultation and abdominal examination were unremarkable. Complementary tests performed in the emergency department showed the following results: haemoglobin 15.7 g/dl; 14,610 leukocytes/mm3 with neutrophilia; monocytosis of 1,450 cells/mm3; 356. 000 platelets/mm3; INR of 0.99; normal renal function with creatinine of 0.80 mg/dL; altered liver profile, with total bilirubin of 2.30 mg/dL; direct bilirubin of 1.40 mg/dL; GOT 104 U/L; GPT 249 U/L; GGT 642 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 998 U/L; sodium 132 mEq/L; potassium 4.6 mEq/L; C-reactive protein (CRP) 36.85 mg/L; and normal venous blood gases and urine system. Abdominal ultrasound showed a slightly enlarged liver with no other alterations. Blood cultures, urine culture and serology for Treponema pallidum, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, HIV, HAV, HBV, HCV and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were performed. Differential diagnosis Given the clinical features and the results of the complementary tests performed, several entities may be responsible for the patient's clinical picture: Sarcoidosis. This is a possibility, as the patient presented some characteristics that may appear in this disease, such as papules, plaques, nodules, fever, anorexia, slight hepatomegaly and cholestasis. However, the absence of arthralgias, erythema nodosum, lupus pernio, ocular involvement, pulmonary pathology, peripheral adenopathies, nervous system or cardiac involvement, and hypercalcaemia does not support this diagnosis. Systemic lupus erythematosus. It is considered in the presence of fever and skin lesions. In subacute cutaneous lupus of the papulo-squamous or psoriasiform type, there are erythematous, slightly scaly papules with a symmetrical distribution and a tendency to confluence, mainly affecting the shoulders, the extensor surface of the arms, the neckline region and the dorsal thorax, lesions and locations that were evident in our patient. Therefore, we cannot rule out this disease, although it is true that we were dealing with a male and he did not present photosensitivity, malar rash, oral ulcers, polyarthralgias, arthritis, serositis, renal, neurological or haematological involvement, alterations which, if present, would make this possibility more likely. Although unlikely, cutaneous lymphoma would fall within the differential diagnosis. Our patient had papulonodular dermal lesions that can appear in different haematological neoplasms. Disseminated gonococcal infection would be unlikely as this was a male patient with no history of urethritis, or concurrent arthritis, petechiae or vesiculopustules. Furthermore, dermal lesions in disseminated gonococcal infection usually self-limit within a few days, whereas in our case the patient reported having had the rash for about two weeks. A cutaneous infection by atypical mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium chelonae, which can cause nodular lesions, should be ruled out. This diagnosis is unlikely, as they usually have a sporotrichoid distribution on a limb from a point of inoculation. However, they should be taken into account, and anamnesis directed towards risk factors, such as contact with possibly contaminated water, should be performed. Alterations in liver biochemistry could lead us to suspect acute hepatitis. However, the transaminases were not excessively elevated, and the skin lesions were not characteristic of this clinical picture. Sweet's syndrome should be included among the possible diagnoses, as it presents with papuloerythematous lesions, mainly on the arms, trunk and head, associated with neutrophilia. Although our patient had neutrophilia, it is a rare disease, whose lesions are usually confined to a limited anatomical area, and it is much more common in women. Other diagnostic possibilities could be deep fungal infections, leprosy, leishmaniasis, cutaneous tuberculosis, Kaposi's sarcoma or drug eruptions, although several of these, in their typical forms, could be ruled out by simple inspection. Secondary syphilis, known as "the great simulator", can give any type of dermal symptoms. Although papulonodular syphilis is rare, it is a possibility to consider in this case. Moreover, in the phase of treponemal dissemination, any organ can be affected and, in particular, there is the possibility of syphilitic hepatitis, with elevation mainly of alkaline phosphatase, as was the case in our patient. Constitutional symptoms such as fever, anorexia and malaise are also present in secondary syphilis. This stage of syphilis usually develops between the fourth and tenth week after the onset of the chancre. However, up to 40% of patients may report no previous inoculation lesions, as in our case. Evolution During his admission the patient remained afebrile. The dermal lesions did not vary in size, morphology or location. An evaluation was carried out by Otorhinolaryngology, which, after examination of the tumour on the soft palate, concluded that it was a palatine torus. She was treated with nystatin with improvement of the whitish lesion of the left jugal mucosa present on admission. A chest X-ray was requested and found to be normal, with no hilar adenopathy or pulmonary interstitial infiltrate that could suggest sarcoidosis. A magnetic resonance cholangiography was also performed, with no evidence of bile duct dilatation or other hepatobiliary or pancreatic pathologies. A second analysis showed improvement in most parameters: 11,500 leukocytes/mm3 with 6,290 neutrophils/mm3; total bilirubin 1.3 mg/dL; direct bilirubin 0.7 mg/dL; GOT 65 U/L; GPT 147 U/L; GGT 469 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 778 U/L; CRP 26 mg/L. Blood and urine cultures were negative. Serological studies showed positive IgG for cytomegalovirus, negative IgM for Epstein-Barr virus, positive IgG for varicella-zoster virus, negative HIV serology, positive IgG for HAV, negative serology for HBV and HCV, positive IgM and IgG for herpes simplex virus types I and II, and positive serology for lupus with positive non-treponemal antibodies (1/32) and positive T. pallidum antibodies (IgM and IgG). After obtaining a positive serology for syphilis (secondary syphilis), antibiotic treatment was administered with a single dose of benzylpenicillin (2,400,000 Ul intramuscularly) and, due to the patient's good general condition, discharge and follow-up in outpatient clinics was decided. A few hours after the injection, the patient developed fever and arthralgias lasting several hours (Jarisch-Herxheimer phenomenon). After two weeks, the skin lesions had completely resolved and the blood tests had normalised. Subsequent visits showed a more than fourfold decrease in non-treponemal antibody titres. Therefore, given the clinical picture, the complementary tests and the effectiveness of the treatment, we can conclude that the patient had secondary papulonodular syphilis. Final diagnosis Secondary papulonodular syphilis with hepatic involvement.
[ "Male", "patient", ",", "48", "years", "old", ",", "single", ",", "with", "no", "drug", "allergies", "or", "personal", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "He", "was", "a", "two-pack-a-day", "smoker", "and", "an", "occasional", "drinker", ".", "He", "did", "not", "receive", "medical", "treatment", "at", "home", ".", "He", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "the", "appearance", "of", "nodular", "dermal", "lesions", "together", "with", "a", "slightly", "pruritic", "maculopapular", "rash", "affecting", "the", "chest", ",", "back", ",", "genital", "region", ",", "upper", "and", "lower", "limbs", ",", "of", "about", "ten", "days", "'", "evolution", ".", "It", "was", "associated", "with", "fever", "up", "to", "38oC", ",", "chills", ",", "nausea", ",", "vomiting", "and", "anorexia", ".", "The", "patient", "denied", "intestinal", "symptoms", ",", "urinary", "symptoms", "or", "macroscopic", "urine", "alterations", ".", "He", "reported", "no", "contact", "with", "animals", "and", "no", "consumption", "of", "water", "or", "unprocessed", "food", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "not", "travelled", "abroad", "and", "had", "no", "recollection", "of", "arthropod", "bites", ".", "He", "reported", "frequent", "risky", "heterosexual", "intercourse", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "maculopapular", "lesions", "with", "slight", "peripheral", "desquamation", ",", "symmetrical", ",", "located", "mainly", "on", "the", "chest", ",", "back", ",", "upper", "and", "lower", "limbs", ";", "and", "isolated", "skin", "nodules", "on", "the", "chest", "and", "back", ",", "without", "palmo-plantar", "involvement", ".", "He", "also", "showed", "some", "preputial", "genital", "lesions", "similar", "to", "those", "described", ",", "without", "affecting", "the", "glans", "penis", ".", "No", "chancroid", "was", "observed", ".", "The", "otorhinolaryngological", "examination", "showed", "a", "septic", "mouth", ",", "with", "an", "isolated", "whitish", "lesion", "on", "the", "left", "jugal", "mucosa", ",", "close", "to", "the", "labial", "commissure", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "fusiform", "tumour", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "hard", "palatine", "velum", ",", "of", "medial", "location", ".", "Cardiac", "and", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "and", "abdominal", "examination", "were", "unremarkable", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "performed", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", "showed", "the", "following", "results", ":", "haemoglobin", "15", ".", "7", "g", "/", "dl", ";", "14", ",", "610", "leukocytes", "/", "mm3", "with", "neutrophilia", ";", "monocytosis", "of", "1", ",", "450", "cells", "/", "mm3", ";", "356", ".", "000", "platelets", "/", "mm3", ";", "INR", "of", "0", ".", "99", ";", "normal", "renal", "function", "with", "creatinine", "of", "0", ".", "80", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "altered", "liver", "profile", ",", "with", "total", "bilirubin", "of", "2", ".", "30", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "direct", "bilirubin", "of", "1", ".", "40", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "GOT", "104", "U", "/", "L", ";", "GPT", "249", "U", "/", "L", ";", "GGT", "642", "U", "/", "L", ";", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "998", "U", "/", "L", ";", "sodium", "132", "mEq", "/", "L", ";", "potassium", "4", ".", "6", "mEq", "/", "L", ";", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "36", ".", "85", "mg", "/", "L", ";", "and", "normal", "venous", "blood", "gases", "and", "urine", "system", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "a", "slightly", "enlarged", "liver", "with", "no", "other", "alterations", ".", "Blood", "cultures", ",", "urine", "culture", "and", "serology", "for", "Treponema", "pallidum", ",", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", ",", "varicella-zoster", "virus", ",", "HIV", ",", "HAV", ",", "HBV", ",", "HCV", "and", "herpes", "simplex", "virus", "types", "1", "and", "2", "were", "performed", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "Given", "the", "clinical", "features", "and", "the", "results", "of", "the", "complementary", "tests", "performed", ",", "several", "entities", "may", "be", "responsible", "for", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "clinical", "picture", ":", "Sarcoidosis", ".", "This", "is", "a", "possibility", ",", "as", "the", "patient", "presented", "some", "characteristics", "that", "may", "appear", "in", "this", "disease", ",", "such", "as", "papules", ",", "plaques", ",", "nodules", ",", "fever", ",", "anorexia", ",", "slight", "hepatomegaly", "and", "cholestasis", ".", "However", ",", "the", "absence", "of", "arthralgias", ",", "erythema", "nodosum", ",", "lupus", "pernio", ",", "ocular", "involvement", ",", "pulmonary", "pathology", ",", "peripheral", "adenopathies", ",", "nervous", "system", "or", "cardiac", "involvement", ",", "and", "hypercalcaemia", "does", "not", "support", "this", "diagnosis", ".", "Systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", ".", "It", "is", "considered", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "fever", "and", "skin", "lesions", ".", "In", "subacute", "cutaneous", "lupus", "of", "the", "papulo-squamous", "or", "psoriasiform", "type", ",", "there", "are", "erythematous", ",", "slightly", "scaly", "papules", "with", "a", "symmetrical", "distribution", "and", "a", "tendency", "to", "confluence", ",", "mainly", "affecting", "the", "shoulders", ",", "the", "extensor", "surface", "of", "the", "arms", ",", "the", "neckline", "region", "and", "the", "dorsal", "thorax", ",", "lesions", "and", "locations", "that", "were", "evident", "in", "our", "patient", ".", "Therefore", ",", "we", "cannot", "rule", "out", "this", "disease", ",", "although", "it", "is", "true", "that", "we", "were", "dealing", "with", "a", "male", "and", "he", "did", "not", "present", "photosensitivity", ",", "malar", "rash", ",", "oral", "ulcers", ",", "polyarthralgias", ",", "arthritis", ",", "serositis", ",", "renal", ",", "neurological", "or", "haematological", "involvement", ",", "alterations", "which", ",", "if", "present", ",", "would", "make", "this", "possibility", "more", "likely", ".", "Although", "unlikely", ",", "cutaneous", "lymphoma", "would", "fall", "within", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "Our", "patient", "had", "papulonodular", "dermal", "lesions", "that", "can", "appear", "in", "different", "haematological", "neoplasms", ".", "Disseminated", "gonococcal", "infection", "would", "be", "unlikely", "as", "this", "was", "a", "male", "patient", "with", "no", "history", "of", "urethritis", ",", "or", "concurrent", "arthritis", ",", "petechiae", "or", "vesiculopustules", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "dermal", "lesions", "in", "disseminated", "gonococcal", "infection", "usually", "self-limit", "within", "a", "few", "days", ",", "whereas", "in", "our", "case", "the", "patient", "reported", "having", "had", "the", "rash", "for", "about", "two", "weeks", ".", "A", "cutaneous", "infection", "by", "atypical", "mycobacteria", ",", "especially", "Mycobacterium", "marinum", "and", "Mycobacterium", "chelonae", ",", "which", "can", "cause", "nodular", "lesions", ",", "should", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "This", "diagnosis", "is", "unlikely", ",", "as", "they", "usually", "have", "a", "sporotrichoid", "distribution", "on", "a", "limb", "from", "a", "point", "of", "inoculation", ".", "However", ",", "they", "should", "be", "taken", "into", "account", ",", "and", "anamnesis", "directed", "towards", "risk", "factors", ",", "such", "as", "contact", "with", "possibly", "contaminated", "water", ",", "should", "be", "performed", ".", "Alterations", "in", "liver", "biochemistry", "could", "lead", "us", "to", "suspect", "acute", "hepatitis", ".", "However", ",", "the", "transaminases", "were", "not", "excessively", "elevated", ",", "and", "the", "skin", "lesions", "were", "not", "characteristic", "of", "this", "clinical", "picture", ".", "Sweet", "'", "s", "syndrome", "should", "be", "included", "among", "the", "possible", "diagnoses", ",", "as", "it", "presents", "with", "papuloerythematous", "lesions", ",", "mainly", "on", "the", "arms", ",", "trunk", "and", "head", ",", "associated", "with", "neutrophilia", ".", "Although", "our", "patient", "had", "neutrophilia", ",", "it", "is", "a", "rare", "disease", ",", "whose", "lesions", "are", "usually", "confined", "to", "a", "limited", "anatomical", "area", ",", "and", "it", "is", "much", "more", "common", "in", "women", ".", "Other", "diagnostic", "possibilities", "could", "be", "deep", "fungal", "infections", ",", "leprosy", ",", "leishmaniasis", ",", "cutaneous", "tuberculosis", ",", "Kaposi", "'", "s", "sarcoma", "or", "drug", "eruptions", ",", "although", "several", "of", "these", ",", "in", "their", "typical", "forms", ",", "could", "be", "ruled", "out", "by", "simple", "inspection", ".", "Secondary", "syphilis", ",", "known", "as", "\"", "the", "great", "simulator", "\"", ",", "can", "give", "any", "type", "of", "dermal", "symptoms", ".", "Although", "papulonodular", "syphilis", "is", "rare", ",", "it", "is", "a", "possibility", "to", "consider", "in", "this", "case", ".", "Moreover", ",", "in", "the", "phase", "of", "treponemal", "dissemination", ",", "any", "organ", "can", "be", "affected", "and", ",", "in", "particular", ",", "there", "is", "the", "possibility", "of", "syphilitic", "hepatitis", ",", "with", "elevation", "mainly", "of", "alkaline", "phosphatase", ",", "as", "was", "the", "case", "in", "our", "patient", ".", "Constitutional", "symptoms", "such", "as", "fever", ",", "anorexia", "and", "malaise", "are", "also", "present", "in", "secondary", "syphilis", ".", "This", "stage", "of", "syphilis", "usually", "develops", "between", "the", "fourth", "and", "tenth", "week", "after", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "chancre", ".", "However", ",", "up", "to", "40", "%", "of", "patients", "may", "report", "no", "previous", "inoculation", "lesions", ",", "as", "in", "our", "case", ".", "Evolution", "During", "his", "admission", "the", "patient", "remained", "afebrile", ".", "The", "dermal", "lesions", "did", "not", "vary", "in", "size", ",", "morphology", "or", "location", ".", "An", "evaluation", "was", "carried", "out", "by", "Otorhinolaryngology", ",", "which", ",", "after", "examination", "of", "the", "tumour", "on", "the", "soft", "palate", ",", "concluded", "that", "it", "was", "a", "palatine", "torus", ".", "She", "was", "treated", "with", "nystatin", "with", "improvement", "of", "the", "whitish", "lesion", "of", "the", "left", "jugal", "mucosa", "present", "on", "admission", ".", "A", "chest", "X-ray", "was", "requested", "and", "found", "to", "be", "normal", ",", "with", "no", "hilar", "adenopathy", "or", "pulmonary", "interstitial", "infiltrate", "that", "could", "suggest", "sarcoidosis", ".", "A", "magnetic", "resonance", "cholangiography", "was", "also", "performed", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "bile", "duct", "dilatation", "or", "other", "hepatobiliary", "or", "pancreatic", "pathologies", ".", "A", "second", "analysis", "showed", "improvement", "in", "most", "parameters", ":", "11", ",", "500", "leukocytes", "/", "mm3", "with", "6", ",", "290", "neutrophils", "/", "mm3", ";", "total", "bilirubin", "1", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "direct", "bilirubin", "0", ".", "7", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "GOT", "65", "U", "/", "L", ";", "GPT", "147", "U", "/", "L", ";", "GGT", "469", "U", "/", "L", ";", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "778", "U", "/", "L", ";", "CRP", "26", "mg", "/", "L", ".", "Blood", "and", "urine", "cultures", "were", "negative", ".", "Serological", "studies", "showed", "positive", "IgG", "for", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "negative", "IgM", "for", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", ",", "positive", "IgG", "for", "varicella-zoster", "virus", ",", "negative", "HIV", "serology", ",", "positive", "IgG", "for", "HAV", ",", "negative", "serology", "for", "HBV", "and", "HCV", ",", "positive", "IgM", "and", "IgG", "for", "herpes", "simplex", "virus", "types", "I", "and", "II", ",", "and", "positive", "serology", "for", "lupus", "with", "positive", "non-treponemal", "antibodies", "(", "1", "/", "32", ")", "and", "positive", "T", ".", "pallidum", "antibodies", "(", "IgM", "and", "IgG", ")", ".", "After", "obtaining", "a", "positive", "serology", "for", "syphilis", "(", "secondary", "syphilis", ")", ",", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "administered", "with", "a", "single", "dose", "of", "benzylpenicillin", "(", "2", ",", "400", ",", "000", "Ul", "intramuscularly", ")", "and", ",", "due", "to", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "discharge", "and", "follow-up", "in", "outpatient", "clinics", "was", "decided", ".", "A", "few", "hours", "after", "the", "injection", ",", "the", "patient", "developed", "fever", "and", "arthralgias", "lasting", "several", "hours", "(", "Jarisch-Herxheimer", "phenomenon", ")", ".", "After", "two", "weeks", ",", "the", "skin", "lesions", "had", "completely", "resolved", "and", "the", "blood", "tests", "had", "normalised", ".", "Subsequent", "visits", "showed", "a", "more", "than", "fourfold", "decrease", "in", "non-treponemal", "antibody", "titres", ".", "Therefore", ",", "given", "the", "clinical", "picture", ",", "the", "complementary", "tests", "and", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "the", "treatment", ",", "we", "can", "conclude", "that", "the", "patient", "had", "secondary", "papulonodular", "syphilis", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Secondary", "papulonodular", "syphilis", "with", "hepatic", "involvement", "." ]
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en
A 90-year-old dependent woman living in a nursing home with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism and severe neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease). COVID-19 was suspected in early April 2020 based on a clinical picture of cardiorespiratory decompensation, atrial fibrillation and fever, and confirmed on 5 April with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal sample (Ct of 21). She was hospitalised in a COVID-19 ICU. A chest CT scan revealed signs of bilateral pleural effusion, without typical signs of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection. The patient received several doses of preventive anticoagulants (the risk ratio did not favour therapeutic anticoagulant therapy), diuretics and antibiotics (ofloxacin), as well as 5 days of prednisolone at 40 mg/day. Clinical improvement was noted and the patient was transferred to a COVID-19 rehabilitation unit on 21 April, before being able to return to her residence on 7 May. The patient continued to present with inflammatory syndrome with stable C-reactive protein at 55 in chronic pressure ulcer conditions. Her second hospitalisation, in an acute ICU at COVID-19 on 11 May, was caused by the onset of severe dehydration with hypernatraemia measured at 166 mmol/L, oxygen saturation of 93% on four litres of oxygen, melena and a clear deterioration of her general condition. Analysis revealed clear lymphocytopenia 0.18 Giga/L and C-reactive protein at 181 ng/L. The SARS-CoV-2 test by RT-PCR was positive from a nasopharyngeal swab (Ct of 18.8) on 6 May. On 14 May, after worsening respiratory status, a chest CT scan revealed pulmonary condensation and bilateral diffuse cobblestone pattern involving approximately 25-50% of the lung parenchyma, with bilateral proximal lobar pulmonary embolism. No serological testing was performed. After discussion with the family and interdisciplinary validation, it was decided to apply palliative care. The patient died on 19 May.
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en
A 70-year-old woman treated with 7.5 mg prednisone as maintenance therapy for rheumatoid arthritis presented with sudden bilateral weakness and tingling sensation in all four extremities, leading to total functional disability within 48 hours. The patient claimed to have no sphincter problems, dyspnoea or dysphagia. The first diagnosis was aggravation of rheumatoid arthritis, but no improvement was noted after an increase in the corticosteroid dose. On admission to the neurology department on the 10th day since the onset of symptoms (13 April), the neurological examination showed tetraplegia, hypotonia, areflexia and positive bilateral Lasègue's sign. Cranial nerves were normal. Temperature, pulmonary and cardiac auscultation were also normal. On 1 April, three days before the onset of the current symptoms, the patient had an episode of dry cough without dyspnoea or fever, which subsided spontaneously within 48 hours. Initial blood tests revealed no abnormalities except for lymphocytopenia (520/ml; normal value: 1500-5000). A nerve conduction study on day 10 revealed a clear reduction or absence of electrical potentials in the sensory and motor nerves in all four extremities, with no or very mild abnormalities in conduction velocities and latencies. An electromyogram found diffuse and abundant resting fibrillation potentials. These findings were consistent with acute axonal sensorimotor neuropathy (NASMA) of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). CSF analysis showed an increase in protein to 1 g per litre (normal value: 0.2-0.4) with a normal leucocyte count. A chest CT scan (day 10) showed ground-glass opacities in the left lung. RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 from an oropharyngeal swab (day 10) was positive, but negative in CSF. The patient was treated with i.v. immunoglobulin (2 g/kg for 5 days). (2 g/kg for 5 days) and a combination of hydroxychloroquine (600 mg per day) and azithromycin (500 mg the first day, then 250 mg per day). No significant neurological improvement was observed after one week of treatment.
[ "", "A", "70-year-old", "woman", "treated", "with", "7", ".", "5", "mg", "prednisone", "as", "maintenance", "therapy", "for", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "presented", "with", "sudden", "bilateral", "weakness", "and", "tingling", "sensation", "in", "all", "four", "extremities", ",", "leading", "to", "total", "functional", "disability", "within", "48", "hours", ".", "The", "patient", "claimed", "to", "have", "no", "sphincter", "problems", ",", "dyspnoea", "or", "dysphagia", ".", "The", "first", "diagnosis", "was", "aggravation", "of", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", ",", "but", "no", "improvement", "was", "noted", "after", "an", "increase", "in", "the", "corticosteroid", "dose", ".", "On", "admission", "to", "the", "neurology", "department", "on", "the", "10th", "day", "since", "the", "onset", "of", "symptoms", "(", "13", "April", ")", ",", "the", "neurological", "examination", "showed", "tetraplegia", ",", "hypotonia", ",", "areflexia", "and", "positive", "bilateral", "Lasègue", "'", "s", "sign", ".", "Cranial", "nerves", "were", "normal", ".", "Temperature", ",", "pulmonary", "and", "cardiac", "auscultation", "were", "also", "normal", ".", "On", "1", "April", ",", "three", "days", "before", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "current", "symptoms", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "an", "episode", "of", "dry", "cough", "without", "dyspnoea", "or", "fever", ",", "which", "subsided", "spontaneously", "within", "48", "hours", ".", "Initial", "blood", "tests", "revealed", "no", "abnormalities", "except", "for", "lymphocytopenia", "(", "520", "/", "ml", ";", "normal", "value", ":", "1500-5000", ")", ".", "A", "nerve", "conduction", "study", "on", "day", "10", "revealed", "a", "clear", "reduction", "or", "absence", "of", "electrical", "potentials", "in", "the", "sensory", "and", "motor", "nerves", "in", "all", "four", "extremities", ",", "with", "no", "or", "very", "mild", "abnormalities", "in", "conduction", "velocities", "and", "latencies", ".", "An", "electromyogram", "found", "diffuse", "and", "abundant", "resting", "fibrillation", "potentials", ".", "These", "findings", "were", "consistent", "with", "acute", "axonal", "sensorimotor", "neuropathy", "(", "NASMA", ")", "of", "Guillain-Barré", "syndrome", "(", "GBS", ")", ".", "CSF", "analysis", "showed", "an", "increase", "in", "protein", "to", "1", "g", "per", "litre", "(", "normal", "value", ":", "0", ".", "2-0", ".", "4", ")", "with", "a", "normal", "leucocyte", "count", ".", "A", "chest", "CT", "scan", "(", "day", "10", ")", "showed", "ground-glass", "opacities", "in", "the", "left", "lung", ".", "RT-PCR", "test", "for", "SARS-CoV-2", "from", "an", "oropharyngeal", "swab", "(", "day", "10", ")", "was", "positive", ",", "but", "negative", "in", "CSF", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "i", ".", "v", ".", "immunoglobulin", "(", "2", "g", "/", "kg", "for", "5", "days", ")", ".", "(", "2", "g", "/", "kg", "for", "5", "days", ")", "and", "a", "combination", "of", "hydroxychloroquine", "(", "600", "mg", "per", "day", ")", "and", "azithromycin", "(", "500", "mg", "the", "first", "day", ",", "then", "250", "mg", "per", "day", ")", ".", "No", "significant", "neurological", "improvement", "was", "observed", "after", "one", "week", "of", "treatment", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 15, "end": 20 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 249, "end": 256 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 824, "end": 831 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1754, "end": 1761 }, { "text": "SARS-CoV-2", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1668, "end": 1678 } ]
en
An 11 year old boy who after eating dates and a mandarin immediately undertook moderate physical exercise and after 30 minutes had an anaphylactic reaction. His personal history included a 5-year-old diagnosis of food allergy (anaphylaxis due to nuts) and sensitisation to peaches (PruP3). He followed a nut exclusion diet. Subsequently, he presented a new episode of anaphylaxis due to ingestion of a hidden allergen (nuts). She also reported self-limited episodes of palpebral angioedema after physical exercise unrelated to food. From the age of 9 years onwards, he began to suffer from seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Complementary tests: Prick: PruP 3: 3x4 mm, almond 3x4 mm. Tangerine, orange, apple, latex, avocado: negative. Prick-Prick: Date: 4x4 mm. CAP IgE: Date 0.98 kU/L; Celery: 1.35 kU/L , Carrot 0.44 kU/L , Almond 0.24 kU/L ; Orange 1.16 kU/L , PruP3: 70.9kU/L ; Apple 74.3 kU/L Immuno bloting pending results.
[ "An", "11", "year", "old", "boy", "who", "after", "eating", "dates", "and", "a", "mandarin", "immediately", "undertook", "moderate", "physical", "exercise", "and", "after", "30", "minutes", "had", "an", "anaphylactic", "reaction", ".", "His", "personal", "history", "included", "a", "5-year-old", "diagnosis", "of", "food", "allergy", "(", "anaphylaxis", "due", "to", "nuts", ")", "and", "sensitisation", "to", "peaches", "(", "PruP3", ")", ".", "He", "followed", "a", "nut", "exclusion", "diet", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "presented", "a", "new", "episode", "of", "anaphylaxis", "due", "to", "ingestion", "of", "a", "hidden", "allergen", "(", "nuts", ")", ".", "She", "also", "reported", "self-limited", "episodes", "of", "palpebral", "angioedema", "after", "physical", "exercise", "unrelated", "to", "food", ".", "From", "the", "age", "of", "9", "years", "onwards", ",", "he", "began", "to", "suffer", "from", "seasonal", "rhinoconjunctivitis", ".", "Complementary", "tests", ":", "Prick", ":", "PruP", "3", ":", "3x4", "mm", ",", "almond", "3x4", "mm", ".", "Tangerine", ",", "orange", ",", "apple", ",", "latex", ",", "avocado", ":", "negative", ".", "Prick-Prick", ":", "Date", ":", "4x4", "mm", ".", "CAP", "IgE", ":", "Date", "0", ".", "98", "kU", "/", "L", ";", "Celery", ":", "1", ".", "35", "kU", "/", "L", ",", "Carrot", "0", ".", "44", "kU", "/", "L", ",", "Almond", "0", ".", "24", "kU", "/", "L", ";", "Orange", "1", ".", "16", "kU", "/", "L", ",", "PruP3", ":", "70", ".", "9kU", "/", "L", ";", "Apple", "74", ".", "3", "kU", "/", "L", "Immuno", "bloting", "pending", "results", "." ]
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[ { "text": "dates", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 36, "end": 41 }, { "text": "mandarin", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 48, "end": 56 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 162, "end": 170 }, { "text": "orange", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 693, "end": 699 }, { "text": "apple", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 701, "end": 706 }, { "text": "avocado", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 715, "end": 722 }, { "text": "almond", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 667, "end": 673 }, { "text": "Date", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 747, "end": 751 }, { "text": "Orange", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 844, "end": 850 }, { "text": "Apple", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 881, "end": 886 }, { "text": "Date", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 770, "end": 774 }, { "text": "Celery", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 786, "end": 792 }, { "text": "Carrot", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 806, "end": 812 }, { "text": "Almond", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 825, "end": 831 } ]
en
HISTORY, CURRENT ILLNESS AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A 31-year-old male patient from Spain, with a history of anxiety disorder, no other pathological history of interest, no known allergies. No current treatment. He came for consultation due to exertional dyspnoea, presyncopal episodes and anxiety symptoms. She was referred to haematology due to an increase in eosinophils in the haemogram. Examination revealed: Conscious, oriented, alert. Normal language. Normal cranial nerves. Rhythmic heart sounds without murmurs. Bladder murmur preserved without aggregate noises. With palpable splenomegaly 6 centimetres below the left costal ridge. No oedema in the lower limbs. Normal peripheral pulses. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS In the analysis, there was an increase in eosinophil values. With suspicion of hypereosinophilic syndrome, a new blood test and extension study were requested. Absence of parasitic infection, allergy or pulmonary disease justifying the eosinophilia. Laboratory tests: leucocytes 3.8x10e3/uL (3.5-12), haemoglobin 11.9 g/dl (13.5-17.2), platelets 196x10e3/uL. Creatinine 1.32 mg/dl. Peripheral eosinophilia of 5000 elements/mmc. Troponin 0.020 ng/ml (0-0.056). Genetic study: 4q12 deletion associated with FIP1L1-PDFGFRA rearrangement. Echocardiogram: with signs of endomyocardial infiltration. ECG: sinus rhythm at 56 bpm, narrow QRS of normal configuration, 60o axis and transition in V3. Universal negative T waves. Abdominal ultrasound: homogeneous splenomegaly of 17.5 cm. Thoracic CT scan: no pulmonary infiltrates. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 1 (MRI 1): restrictive pattern in right cavities (small ventricle, preserved ejection fraction, atrial dilatation) with apical myocardial fibrosis. Transmural fibrosis in the mid-apical inferolateral wall of the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 2 (MRI 2): two hypointense images of crescentic morphology are observed in the apex that could correspond to thrombi. Late enhancement with areas of signal hyperintensity of the RV apex and inferior aspect of the LV apex that have not changed with respect to the previous description. Findings of hypereosinophilia with biventricular restrictive cardiomyopathy. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 3 (MRI 3): control. Morphological abnormalities previously described FE 59%, hypointense areas are observed in the apex of both ventricles of linear morphology that probably correspond to fibrosis raising the differential diagnosis with laminar thrombus. EVOLUTION Treatment was started with imatinib at a dose of 400 mg daily, well tolerated and with a rapid haematological response that allowed a dose reduction to 100 mg daily after 2 months. A control ultrasound scan of the abdomen showed the absence of splenomegaly. Symptom improvement. Subsequently, arterial hypertension was diagnosed. We started treatment with bisoprolol 2.5 mg daily, which we had to discontinue due to intense asthenia. We replaced bisoprolol with olmesartan 10 mg daily with good tolerance and good control. Studies for secondary causes were negative. Cardiac MRI was requested where a restrictive pattern was observed as described in the complementary tests (MRI 1). In the control cardiac MRI (MRI 2) performed at 12 months, we detected images of crescentic morphology at the level of the apex. The images offer a reasonable doubt between laminar thrombi at the apical level versus artefacts. In favour of thrombi is the fact that they are located over the areas of fibrosis detected in the MRI and the high thrombogenicity of this disease, although the fact that they appear in both ventricles suggests that it could also be an artefact. Echocardiography showed no evidence of intracavitary thrombus. We explained the situation to the patient and decided to start anticoagulation with sintrom, which we again had to suspend due to intense asthenia and osteomuscular pain. We raised the possibility of starting treatment with rivaroxaban 20 mg daily, for off-label use. After explaining to the patient that this is not an indication studied in clinical trials or approved by the Ministry, we decided to treat the patient jointly, in the controls he presented good tolerance and disappearance of the symptoms attributed to the synthroid. In the control MRI (MRI 3), after 3 months of anticoagulation, the same images continue to appear, which are not present in the echocardiography. However, given that thrombotic phenomena appear in up to 25% of cases and that the current indications for anticoagulation contemplate starting treatment when thrombosis has already occurred, we decided to maintain treatment, even with an off-label drug. DIAGNOSIS Myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia associated with FIP1L1- PDGFR rearrangement. Restrictive cardiomyopathy with apical and inferolateral LV and apical RV myocardial fibrosis. Probable LV apex thrombi in hypersosinophilic syndrome. Essential hypertension.
[ "HISTORY", ",", "CURRENT", "ILLNESS", "AND", "PHYSICAL", "EXAMINATION", "A", "31-year-old", "male", "patient", "from", "Spain", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "anxiety", "disorder", ",", "no", "other", "pathological", "history", "of", "interest", ",", "no", "known", "allergies", ".", "No", "current", "treatment", ".", "He", "came", "for", "consultation", "due", "to", "exertional", "dyspnoea", ",", "presyncopal", "episodes", "and", "anxiety", "symptoms", ".", "She", "was", "referred", "to", "haematology", "due", "to", "an", "increase", "in", "eosinophils", "in", "the", "haemogram", ".", "Examination", "revealed", ":", "Conscious", ",", "oriented", ",", "alert", ".", "Normal", "language", ".", "Normal", "cranial", "nerves", ".", "Rhythmic", "heart", "sounds", "without", "murmurs", ".", "Bladder", "murmur", "preserved", "without", "aggregate", "noises", ".", "With", "palpable", "splenomegaly", "6", "centimetres", "below", "the", "left", "costal", "ridge", ".", "No", "oedema", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "Normal", "peripheral", "pulses", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "TESTS", "In", "the", "analysis", ",", "there", "was", "an", "increase", "in", "eosinophil", "values", ".", "With", "suspicion", "of", "hypereosinophilic", "syndrome", ",", "a", "new", "blood", "test", "and", "extension", "study", "were", "requested", ".", "Absence", "of", "parasitic", "infection", ",", "allergy", "or", "pulmonary", "disease", "justifying", "the", "eosinophilia", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", ":", "leucocytes", "3", ".", "8x10e3", "/", "uL", "(", "3", ".", "5-12", ")", ",", "haemoglobin", "11", ".", "9", "g", "/", "dl", "(", "13", ".", "5-17", ".", "2", ")", ",", "platelets", "196x10e3", "/", "uL", ".", "Creatinine", "1", ".", "32", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Peripheral", "eosinophilia", "of", "5000", "elements", "/", "mmc", ".", "Troponin", "0", ".", "020", "ng", "/", "ml", "(", "0-0", ".", "056", ")", ".", "Genetic", "study", ":", "4q12", "deletion", "associated", "with", "FIP1L1-PDFGFRA", "rearrangement", ".", "Echocardiogram", ":", "with", "signs", "of", "endomyocardial", "infiltration", ".", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "at", "56", "bpm", ",", "narrow", "QRS", "of", "normal", "configuration", ",", "60o", "axis", "and", "transition", "in", "V3", ".", "Universal", "negative", "T", "waves", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", ":", "homogeneous", "splenomegaly", "of", "17", ".", "5", "cm", ".", "Thoracic", "CT", "scan", ":", "no", "pulmonary", "infiltrates", ".", "Cardiac", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "1", "(", "MRI", "1", ")", ":", "restrictive", "pattern", "in", "right", "cavities", "(", "small", "ventricle", ",", "preserved", "ejection", "fraction", ",", "atrial", "dilatation", ")", "with", "apical", "myocardial", "fibrosis", ".", "Transmural", "fibrosis", "in", "the", "mid-apical", "inferolateral", "wall", "of", "the", "left", "ventricle", ".", "Cardiac", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "2", "(", "MRI", "2", ")", ":", "two", "hypointense", "images", "of", "crescentic", "morphology", "are", "observed", "in", "the", "apex", "that", "could", "correspond", "to", "thrombi", ".", "Late", "enhancement", "with", "areas", "of", "signal", "hyperintensity", "of", "the", "RV", "apex", "and", "inferior", "aspect", "of", "the", "LV", "apex", "that", "have", "not", "changed", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "previous", "description", ".", "Findings", "of", "hypereosinophilia", "with", "biventricular", "restrictive", "cardiomyopathy", ".", "Cardiac", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "3", "(", "MRI", "3", ")", ":", "control", ".", "Morphological", "abnormalities", "previously", "described", "FE", "59", "%", ",", "hypointense", "areas", "are", "observed", "in", "the", "apex", "of", "both", "ventricles", "of", "linear", "morphology", "that", "probably", "correspond", "to", "fibrosis", "raising", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "with", "laminar", "thrombus", ".", "EVOLUTION", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "imatinib", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "400", "mg", "daily", ",", "well", "tolerated", "and", "with", "a", "rapid", "haematological", "response", "that", "allowed", "a", "dose", "reduction", "to", "100", "mg", "daily", "after", "2", "months", ".", "A", "control", "ultrasound", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "showed", "the", "absence", "of", "splenomegaly", ".", "Symptom", "improvement", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "arterial", "hypertension", "was", "diagnosed", ".", "We", "started", "treatment", "with", "bisoprolol", "2", ".", "5", "mg", "daily", ",", "which", "we", "had", "to", "discontinue", "due", "to", "intense", "asthenia", ".", "We", "replaced", "bisoprolol", "with", "olmesartan", "10", "mg", "daily", "with", "good", "tolerance", "and", "good", "control", ".", "Studies", "for", "secondary", "causes", "were", "negative", ".", "Cardiac", "MRI", "was", "requested", "where", "a", "restrictive", "pattern", "was", "observed", "as", "described", "in", "the", "complementary", "tests", "(", "MRI", "1", ")", ".", "In", "the", "control", "cardiac", "MRI", "(", "MRI", "2", ")", "performed", "at", "12", "months", ",", "we", "detected", "images", "of", "crescentic", "morphology", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "apex", ".", "The", "images", "offer", "a", "reasonable", "doubt", "between", "laminar", "thrombi", "at", "the", "apical", "level", "versus", "artefacts", ".", "In", "favour", "of", "thrombi", "is", "the", "fact", "that", "they", "are", "located", "over", "the", "areas", "of", "fibrosis", "detected", "in", "the", "MRI", "and", "the", "high", "thrombogenicity", "of", "this", "disease", ",", "although", "the", "fact", "that", "they", "appear", "in", "both", "ventricles", "suggests", "that", "it", "could", "also", "be", "an", "artefact", ".", "Echocardiography", "showed", "no", "evidence", "of", "intracavitary", "thrombus", ".", "We", "explained", "the", "situation", "to", "the", "patient", "and", "decided", "to", "start", "anticoagulation", "with", "sintrom", ",", "which", "we", "again", "had", "to", "suspend", "due", "to", "intense", "asthenia", "and", "osteomuscular", "pain", ".", "We", "raised", "the", "possibility", "of", "starting", "treatment", "with", "rivaroxaban", "20", "mg", "daily", ",", "for", "off-label", "use", ".", "After", "explaining", "to", "the", "patient", "that", "this", "is", "not", "an", "indication", "studied", "in", "clinical", "trials", "or", "approved", "by", "the", "Ministry", ",", "we", "decided", "to", "treat", "the", "patient", "jointly", ",", "in", "the", "controls", "he", "presented", "good", "tolerance", "and", "disappearance", "of", "the", "symptoms", "attributed", "to", "the", "synthroid", ".", "In", "the", "control", "MRI", "(", "MRI", "3", ")", ",", "after", "3", "months", "of", "anticoagulation", ",", "the", "same", "images", "continue", "to", "appear", ",", "which", "are", "not", "present", "in", "the", "echocardiography", ".", "However", ",", "given", "that", "thrombotic", "phenomena", "appear", "in", "up", "to", "25", "%", "of", "cases", "and", "that", "the", "current", "indications", "for", "anticoagulation", "contemplate", "starting", "treatment", "when", "thrombosis", "has", "already", "occurred", ",", "we", "decided", "to", "maintain", "treatment", ",", "even", "with", "an", "off-label", "drug", ".", "DIAGNOSIS", "Myeloproliferative", "neoplasm", "with", "eosinophilia", "associated", "with", "FIP1L1", "-", "PDGFR", "rearrangement", ".", "Restrictive", "cardiomyopathy", "with", "apical", "and", "inferolateral", "LV", "and", "apical", "RV", "myocardial", "fibrosis", ".", "Probable", "LV", "apex", "thrombi", "in", "hypersosinophilic", "syndrome", ".", "Essential", "hypertension", "." ]
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en
A 39-year-old woman with a history of coeliac disease. She was admitted for asthenia, jaundice and progressive choluria of 1 month's evolution, with pseudo-flu-like symptoms in the previous month. She denied travelling, risky sexual contacts, tattoos, mushroom consumption and contaminated water. No herbal products, medicines or drugs. No pregnancy. Examination revealed frank mucocutaneous jaundice and hepatomegaly. No flapping. Chest and abdominal X-rays were performed, which were anodine-free, CBC with total bilirubin 25 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 21mg/dl, GOT 907UI/L, GPT 640UI/L, FA 143UI/L and GGT 146UI/L. INR 2.98. Immunoglobulins were normal. Serology was negative for all viruses (A, B, C and E), except EBV (IgM and IgG +). The autoimmunity study (ANA, antiLKM, anticentromere, antimitochondrial and antimuscle smooth) was negative. EBV and CMV viral load in blood was requested and found to be undetectable. Doppler ultrasound of the abdomen showed heterogeneity of the liver parenchyma, with normal portal and bile ducts and minimal ascites. Given the contradictory results from the serological point of view, a transjugular liver biopsy was finally performed, showing a gradient of 12 mmHg, and samples were taken to be sent to Anatomical Pathology (AP) and Microbiology, with negative PCR for HSV, VZV, CMV and EBV. While awaiting the results from PA, the patient presented an episode of grade I hepatic encephalopathy, requiring transfer to the ICU. Given the risk situation; being a young female patient with a personal history of autoimmune disease, and having ruled out the toxic/drug and infectious aetiology of the condition, Prednisone 1 mg/kg/24h was started empirically, with clinical and analytical improvement until the liver and coagulation profile normalised. The PA study showed an intense portal inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and eosinophils and periportal necrosis with cholestasis. Rosettes and portal expansive fibrosis (F2), reaching the definitive diagnosis of subacute liver failure, secondary to seronegative autoimmune hepatitis.
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 19 }, { "text": "mushroom", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 252, "end": 260 }, { "text": "sexual contacts", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 226, "end": 241 }, { "text": "EBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 716, "end": 719 }, { "text": "CMV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 854, "end": 857 }, { "text": "EBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 846, "end": 849 }, { "text": "viral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 858, "end": 863 }, { "text": "CMV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1320, "end": 1323 }, { "text": "EBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1328, "end": 1331 }, { "text": "HSV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1310, "end": 1313 }, { "text": "VZV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1315, "end": 1318 }, { "text": "female", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1508, "end": 1514 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1373, "end": 1380 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1515, "end": 1522 }, { "text": "female patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1508, "end": 1522 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1530, "end": 1538 } ]
en
This is a 7-year-old male patient, previously healthy, native and resident of Cortijo, Catemaco, Veracruz. He lives with cattle, pigs and poultry. He presented with a clinical picture of 15 days of evolution characterised by fever of up to 39.5 °C, predominantly in the afternoon, right eyelid oedema, pain in the right hemicara, myalgia in the lower extremities, frontal headache only associated with fever, general malaise and hyporexia. History of insect bite three days earlier (08 September 2007) in the right supraciliary region, which was seen by the mother and referred to as a "bedbug". The patient was assessed by a private doctor in his community and was treated with nimesulide, dicloxacillin and dexamethasone for three days without improvement. Subsequently, he went to the Zapotitla Health Centre from where he was referred to the National Institute of Paediatrics (INP) as periorbital cellulitis (26 September 2007). On admission to the INP, the patient was conscious, calm, with an erythematous and scaly lesion above the right upper eyelid measuring approximately 3x2 cm, non-painful upper eyelid oedema (Romaña-Maza sign), photomotor response and eye movements without compromise, two right submandibular adenomegalies smaller than 1 cm in diameter, mobile and non-painful. Cardiopulmonary function was not compromised, no visceromegaly was found and the extremities were found to be unaltered. Blood biometry was performed and reported the following: haemoglobin, 12.5 g/dL; haematocrit, 35%; mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 82.3 fL; mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHbC), 28. 7 q/dL; leukocytes, 10,700 cells/uL; lymphocytes, 69%; neutrophils, 25%; monocytes, 3%; eosinophils, 0%; platelets, 253,000 cells/uL; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 34 mm/h; and C-reactive protein (CRP) <0.302 mg/mL. Chest x-ray (Image 3) and electrocardiogram (Image 4) were performed and found to be unaltered. The following serum tests were also performed: sodium, 134 mmo/L; potassium, 4 mmo/L; chlorine, 102 mmo/L; calcium, 9.8 mg/dL; phosphorus, 5 mg/dL; glucose, 109 mg/dL; urea, 17. 1 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 8 mg/dL; creatinine, 0.5 mg/dL; total bilirubin, 0.5 mg/dL; direct bilirubin, 0.1 mg/dL; indirect bilirubin, 0.4 mg/dL; total protein, 7.1 g/dL; albumin, 2.7 g/dL; globulin, 4. 4 g/dL; triglycerides, 116 mg/dL; cholesterol, 171 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 65 IU/L; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 76 IU/L; alkaline phosphatase, 91 IU/L; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 550 IU/L; gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), 24 IU/L; prothrombin partial time (PT), 12. 7 seconds (99%); partial thromboplastin time, 34 seconds; and international normalised ratio (INR), 1.11. The echocardiogram was normal. The day after the patient's admission, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was performed to detect IgM antibodies and diagnose Chagas disease, which was reported reactive. In addition, the peripheral blood smear analysed in the parasitology research department showed the presence of trypomastigotes, which is why a study was initiated to detect this agent in the family. A diagnosis of American trypanosomiasis in the acute phase was made, the case was reported to the National Centre for Epidemiological Surveillance and Disease Control (CENAVESE) in Mexico, and treatment was started with nifurtimox at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day orally every 8 hours. The initial dose for 72 hours was well tolerated and subsequently increased to 10 mg/kg/day every 8 hours for 90 days, which was monitored by liver function tests, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. The patient presented good evolution, adequate tolerance to the treatment and progressive decrease of his symptomatology. Cardiological evaluation was performed with the help of a chest X-ray and electrocardiogram, which were normal, and an echocardiogram, which showed a structurally healthy heart. Currently, the patient is asymptomatic, completed treatment with nifurtimox and his serological studies for Chagas disease have been reported negative.
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"was", "assessed", "by", "a", "private", "doctor", "in", "his", "community", "and", "was", "treated", "with", "nimesulide", ",", "dicloxacillin", "and", "dexamethasone", "for", "three", "days", "without", "improvement", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "went", "to", "the", "Zapotitla", "Health", "Centre", "from", "where", "he", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "National", "Institute", "of", "Paediatrics", "(", "INP", ")", "as", "periorbital", "cellulitis", "(", "26", "September", "2007", ")", ".", "On", "admission", "to", "the", "INP", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "conscious", ",", "calm", ",", "with", "an", "erythematous", "and", "scaly", "lesion", "above", "the", "right", "upper", "eyelid", "measuring", "approximately", "3x2", "cm", ",", "non-painful", "upper", "eyelid", "oedema", "(", "Romaña-Maza", "sign", ")", ",", "photomotor", "response", "and", "eye", "movements", "without", "compromise", ",", "two", "right", "submandibular", "adenomegalies", "smaller", "than", "1", "cm", "in", "diameter", ",", "mobile", "and", "non-painful", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "function", "was", "not", "compromised", ",", "no", "visceromegaly", "was", "found", "and", "the", "extremities", "were", "found", "to", "be", "unaltered", ".", "Blood", "biometry", "was", "performed", "and", "reported", "the", "following", ":", "haemoglobin", ",", "12", ".", "5", "g", "/", "dL", ";", "haematocrit", ",", "35", "%", ";", "mean", "corpuscular", "volume", "(", "MCV", ")", ",", "82", ".", "3", "fL", ";", "mean", "corpuscular", "haemoglobin", "concentration", "(", "MCHbC", ")", ",", "28", ".", "7", "q", "/", "dL", ";", "leukocytes", ",", "10", ",", "700", "cells", "/", "uL", ";", "lymphocytes", ",", "69", "%", ";", "neutrophils", ",", "25", "%", ";", "monocytes", ",", "3", "%", ";", "eosinophils", ",", "0", "%", ";", "platelets", ",", "253", ",", "000", "cells", "/", "uL", ";", "erythrocyte", "sedimentation", "rate", "(", "ESR", ")", ",", "34", "mm", "/", "h", ";", "and", "C-reactive", "protein", "(", "CRP", ")", "<", "0", ".", "302", "mg", "/", "mL", ".", "Chest", "x-ray", "(", "Image", "3", ")", "and", "electrocardiogram", "(", "Image", "4", ")", "were", "performed", "and", "found", "to", "be", "unaltered", ".", "The", "following", "serum", "tests", "were", "also", "performed", ":", "sodium", ",", "134", "mmo", "/", "L", ";", "potassium", ",", "4", "mmo", "/", "L", ";", "chlorine", ",", "102", "mmo", "/", "L", ";", "calcium", ",", "9", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "phosphorus", ",", "5", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "glucose", ",", "109", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "urea", ",", "17", ".", "1", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "blood", "urea", "nitrogen", "(", "BUN", ")", ",", "8", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "creatinine", ",", "0", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "total", "bilirubin", ",", "0", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "direct", "bilirubin", ",", "0", ".", "1", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "indirect", "bilirubin", ",", "0", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "total", "protein", ",", "7", ".", "1", "g", "/", "dL", ";", "albumin", ",", "2", ".", "7", "g", "/", "dL", ";", "globulin", ",", "4", ".", "4", "g", "/", "dL", ";", "triglycerides", ",", "116", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "cholesterol", ",", "171", "mg", "/", "dL", ";", "aspartate", "aminotransferase", "(", "AST", ")", ",", "65", "IU", "/", "L", ";", "alanine", "aminotransferase", "(", "ALT", ")", ",", "76", "IU", "/", "L", ";", "alkaline", "phosphatase", ",", "91", "IU", "/", "L", ";", "lactate", "dehydrogenase", "(", "LDH", ")", ",", "550", "IU", "/", "L", ";", "gamma", "glutamyltransferase", "(", "GGT", ")", ",", "24", "IU", "/", "L", ";", "prothrombin", "partial", "time", "(", "PT", ")", ",", "12", ".", "7", "seconds", "(", "99", "%", ")", ";", "partial", "thromboplastin", "time", ",", "34", "seconds", ";", "and", "international", "normalised", "ratio", "(", "INR", ")", ",", "1", ".", "11", ".", "The", "echocardiogram", "was", "normal", ".", "The", "day", "after", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "admission", ",", "an", "enzyme-linked", "immunosorbent", "assay", "(", "ELISA", ")", "test", "was", "performed", "to", "detect", "IgM", "antibodies", "and", "diagnose", "Chagas", "disease", ",", "which", "was", "reported", "reactive", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "the", "peripheral", "blood", "smear", "analysed", "in", "the", "parasitology", "research", "department", "showed", "the", "presence", "of", "trypomastigotes", ",", "which", "is", "why", "a", "study", "was", "initiated", "to", "detect", "this", "agent", "in", "the", "family", ".", "A", "diagnosis", "of", "American", "trypanosomiasis", "in", "the", "acute", "phase", "was", "made", ",", "the", "case", "was", "reported", "to", "the", "National", "Centre", "for", "Epidemiological", "Surveillance", "and", "Disease", "Control", "(", "CENAVESE", ")", "in", "Mexico", ",", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "nifurtimox", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "5", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "orally", "every", "8", "hours", ".", "The", "initial", "dose", "for", "72", "hours", "was", "well", "tolerated", "and", "subsequently", "increased", "to", "10", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "every", "8", "hours", "for", "90", "days", ",", "which", "was", "monitored", "by", "liver", "function", "tests", ",", "electrocardiogram", "and", "echocardiogram", ".", "The", "patient", "presented", "good", "evolution", ",", "adequate", "tolerance", "to", "the", "treatment", "and", "progressive", "decrease", "of", "his", "symptomatology", ".", "Cardiological", "evaluation", "was", "performed", "with", "the", "help", "of", "a", "chest", "X-ray", "and", "electrocardiogram", ",", "which", "were", "normal", ",", "and", "an", "echocardiogram", ",", "which", "showed", "a", "structurally", "healthy", "heart", ".", "Currently", ",", "the", "patient", "is", "asymptomatic", ",", "completed", "treatment", "with", "nifurtimox", "and", "his", "serological", "studies", "for", "Chagas", "disease", "have", "been", "reported", "negative", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis 45-year-old Caucasian woman, suffering from severe rheumatoid arthritis, seropositive, very erosive and limiting, on treatment with abatacept, ciclosporin and methylprednisolone and also associated with chronic respiratory insufficiency due to severe interstitial pneumopathy, already in the phase of pulmonary fibrosis and requiring maintained home oxygen therapy, admitted for acute respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia with no identified micro-organism. She was receiving empirical antibiotic treatment with meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, despite which she was progressing poorly. Physical examination On the dorsal aspect of the right forearm there were 5 erythematous, erythematous nodules of between 1 and 3 cm in size, with an elastic, slightly painful consistency, which had appeared 2 months previously and were distributed in a sporotrichoid pattern, following a lymphatic pathway and culminating in 2 painful, elastic epitrochlear lymphadenopathies. The affected area had been manipulated by repeated venipunctures for drug infusion in recent months. These nodules had not been altered by antibiotic treatment. Complementary examinations A blood test showed a chronic normocytic and normochromic anaemia of 98 g/L, creatinine of 3.27 mg/dL, with the rest of the ionogram, liver biochemistry and renal biochemistry correct. A chest X-ray showed an intense deformity of the rib cage and parenchyma, impossible to assess due to the intense interstitial pneumopathy already present in the patient and which did not allow any changes to be observed with respect to previous examinations. Pathological examination of one of the skin nodules revealed a mixed infiltrate throughout the thickness of the dermis, with the presence of poorly formed suppurative granulomas and multiple vacuoles or pseudocysts in which countless bacilliform microorganisms, 5 microns in size and arranged in rows on Kinyoun, PAS diastase and Gomori stains, stood out. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of skin biopsy material showed acid-fast bacilli. Both bacterial cultures and cultures on media suitable for mycobacterial growth were negative. A PCR, obtained from a part of the skin biopsy of the nodule, was positive for Mycobacterium chelonae. Diagnosis The diagnosis was cutaneous, locally disseminated infection with M. chelonae lymphangitis. Pulmonary involvement could not be ruled out because of the inability to obtain samples due to the inability to expectorate and the impossibility of obtaining samples by invasive methods given the patient's severe condition. Treatment Clarithromycin 500 mg every 12 hours orally was added to the antibiotic treatment (at that time meropenem, rifabutin and ethambutol), which led to a practical resolution of the nodules in only 14 days. Despite this, the patient died due to worsening respiratory symptoms 23 days after the addition of clarithromycin.
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 32, "end": 37 }, { "text": "micro-organism", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 457, "end": 471 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1528, "end": 1535 }, { "text": "acid-fast bacilli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2036, "end": 2053 }, { "text": "Mycobacterium chelonae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2229, "end": 2251 }, { "text": "bacterial", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2060, "end": 2069 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2552, "end": 2559 }, { "text": "M. chelonae", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2329, "end": 2340 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2811, "end": 2818 } ]
en
An 80-year-old woman with a history of hypertension was brought to the emergency department with altered mental status and left hemiparesis. The family stated that there was no history of cough or fever, but reported that the patient had had frequent falls during the last week. The patient was intubated for airway protection and the stroke protocol was activated. Vital signs in the ED were significant for temperature (37.9°C), pulse (101 bpm) and blood pressure (130/77 mmHg). Physical examination showed left hemiplegia and aphasia. A value of 36 on the NIHSS scale was calculated. A cranial CT scan revealed an acute right MCA stroke. A craniomaxillofacial angiography showed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery at origin and bilateral patchy apical pulmonary opacities. A perfusion scan revealed an infarct core of 305 cc in the right MCA and a surrounding ischaemic penumbra of 109 cc. The patient was not considered a candidate for neurosurgical intervention because of the large size of the infarct core. Based on the radiological findings, she was tested for COVID-19 infection by PCR, which was positive. Laboratory tests on admission showed leukocytosis with lymphocytopenia, elevated D-dimer (13966 ng/ml DDU), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (712 U/L) and elevated C-reactive protein (16.24 mg/dl). The patient's clinical picture was complicated by acute renal lesions and increasing oxygen requirements. On the third day of admission, her family decided on a palliative extubation with control measures.
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en
Anamnesis A 75 year old woman, with a history of hypertension and dyslipidaemia under treatment, was admitted from the Emergency Department to the Neurology Department for vertigo and diplopia. It began abruptly and at rest, with dizziness described as vertigo with spinning of objects, intense and disabling, accompanied by vegetative symptoms and hearing loss in the right ear, with no other added symptoms. She was assessed by her primary care physician, who indicated symptomatic treatment, without benefit. A week later, she visited the emergency department again due to persistent symptoms and the appearance of vesicles in the right ear, and was assessed with the diagnostic impression of right herpes zoster oticus and treatment with sulpiride and valacyclovir was indicated. After 8 days, the patient reported horizontal binocular diplopia, with no improvement in her previous symptoms. An ophthalmological assessment revealed paresis of the right fourth cranial nerve. A basic general blood test was performed (11,888 leukocytes/mm3, neutrophils 82%, no other alterations), a cranial and orbital computerised tomography (CT) scan (with no notable findings) and it was decided to admit her to the Neurology Department to complete the study. The patient had no fever or previous systemic infectious symptoms, and did not present TBI or other symptoms in the rest of the anamnesis. Physical examination General examination: good general condition. Of note: slight dehydration. Right external auditory canal (EAC) with multiple herpetic vesicles. Neurological examination. Cortical functions: good level of consciousness. Orientation in the three spheres. Coherent verbal language without dysphasic elements or dysarthria. No visuospatial hemineglect. No sensory or visual extinction. Cranial nerves: isochoric pupils, photomotor and consensual reflexes preserved. Normal confrontational campimetry. Primary gaze with tendency to abduction of the left eye, left eye adduction paresis without palpebral ptosis. Horizontal nystagmus in the extreme right horizontal gaze. Sensory and motor V cranial nerve without alterations. No asymmetry or facial weakness. Right hearing loss. Weber test lateralised to the left. Rhinne's test positive bilaterally. Lower cranial nerves without alterations. Motor system: no claudication in anti-gravity manoeuvres. Normal muscle strength, 5/5 by muscle groups. Normal tone and trophism. REM ++/++++ symmetrical bilaterally, without pathological responses. Bilateral skin-plantar flexor reflex. Sensibilities: preserved in all modalities. Balance, coordination and gait: no cerebellar signs. Standing and walking not explorable due to the patient's active vertiginous symptoms. No meningeal signs. Complementary tests - General laboratory tests: complete blood count, basic coagulation, complete biochemistry, enzymes, ions, lipid profile, thyroid profile, vitamin B12 and folic acid normal. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 6 mm/h. - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): normal opening pressure. Glucose 55 mg/dl (40-70 mg/dl), total protein 23.40 mg/dl (less than 40 mg/dl). Cellularity: 40 leukocytes/mm3, predominantly MN (90%), 0 red blood cells/mm3. - Pathology: benign cytology. Smear with mononuclear lymphocytic pleocytosis. - Microbiology: negative culture in standard media for bacteria. Virological study: herpes zoster, herpes simplex 1 and 2 and enterovirus negative. - Chest X-ray: no alterations. - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with contrast: replacement of the normal CSF of the fundus of the right internal auditory canal (IAC) by hypointense material in T2, which shows intense enhancement after administering gadolinium. It also shows enhancement of the cochlea (mainly basal and medial loops), the vestibule and the entire facial nerve canal (labyrinthine, anterior knee, tympanic, posterior knee and mastoid segments). The findings are compatible with an inflammatory process, affecting the right facial and vestibulo-cochlear nerves. There was no evidence of meningeal enhancement. - Control brain MRI (15 days later): radiological stability with respect to the previous MRI, showing inflammatory changes affecting the right cranial nerves VII and VIII. - Tone audiometry: moderate hypoacusis in low and middle tones in the right ear with a symmetrical drop in high tones. Left ear: normoacusis. Diagnosis Right herpes zoster oticus with inflammatory polyneuritic involvement of the right VIII cranial nerve (vestibular and cochlear branches), the left III cranial nerve and probably the right IV cranial nerve. Treatment General measures: rest, hydration, antiemetics. Treatment with: intravenous acyclovir 10 mg/kg/day, 3 times a day for 15 days; diazepam, 5 mg every 8 hours, and intravenous sulpiride, 100 mg every 8 hours. Evolution Admission was marked by significant vertiginous symptoms, right hearing loss, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, as well as diplopia, which slowly improved progressively. One month later, only horizontal diplopia persisted in the extreme left gaze with horizontal-rotatory nystagmus in supralevoversion, hypoacusis and unstable gait with a tendency to right lateropulsion. She was assessed in the Otorhinolaryngology Department, and caloric and VNG tests were performed, which showed a 100% right vestibular deficit. Her hearing loss and AT remain stable.
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"left", "gaze", "with", "horizontal-rotatory", "nystagmus", "in", "supralevoversion", ",", "hypoacusis", "and", "unstable", "gait", "with", "a", "tendency", "to", "right", "lateropulsion", ".", "She", "was", "assessed", "in", "the", "Otorhinolaryngology", "Department", ",", "and", "caloric", "and", "VNG", "tests", "were", "performed", ",", "which", "showed", "a", "100", "%", "right", "vestibular", "deficit", ".", "Her", "hearing", "loss", "and", "AT", "remain", "stable", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 10-year-old woman, with no personal or family history of interest. She reported that 7 days ago, while bathing in the Mediterranean Sea, she felt the bite of a marine animal on the back of her right leg, presenting immediate pain, itching and linear erythematous lesions. Topical corticosteroids were prescribed, improving the symptoms. Five days later, the patient began to develop a rash with erythematous, slightly pruritic, erythematous, oedematous papular lesions, mainly on the trunk. Physical examination Examination revealed multiple linear crusted lesions on the back of the right leg. On the trunk and cheeks, there were symmetrically distributed, erythematous erythematous-edematous lesions in the form of macules and papules. On both buttocks the lesions converged, acquiring the morphology of round plaques, some with a paler colouring in the centre, giving the appearance of targets in some of them. There were no mucosal lesions. No other findings were observed in the physical examination. Complementary examinations Laboratory tests were requested, including a complete blood count, biochemical profile, acute phase reactants, urine test, chest X-ray, serology for CMV, EBV, HAV, HBV, HCV and parvovirus, all within normal limits. A punch skin biopsy of one of the lesions on the thigh showed lymphocytic exocytosis, foci of spongiosis, parakeratosis, presence of few necrotic keratinocytes and signs of focal vacuolisation of the basal layer in the epidermis. In the dermis there was a superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with moderate presence of eosinophils. Diagnosis Erythema multiforme secondary to Cnidaria sting. Treatment Topical antibiotic for over-infected areas of the right leg and monitoring. Evolution Together with the clinical and histological findings, the diagnosis of erythema multiforme was established. Since contact with the marine animal was the only associated factor, we concluded that the erythema multiforme was secondary to the bite of this cnidarian. After treatment with corticosteroid and topical antibiotic at the site of the bite, the pain and inflammation improved. After healing of the linear lesions, slight hyperpigmentation persisted. The erythema multiforme lesions regressed spontaneously after 7-10 days.
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en
A 15-year-old male with lobar pneumonia of one month's evolution and intermittent fever despite ampicillin. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed with negative cultures and negative Quantiferon. He was switched to cefotaxime plus clindamycin, persisting febrile and with radiological worsening. LBA was repeated: PCR positive for Aspergillus, with negative culture and galactamannan. Good response to voriconazole. Given pulmonary aspergillosis in a previously healthy patient, it is imperative to study chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), which was confirmed in the functional study (oxidation test) and genetically (NCF1 gene mutation in homozygosis). Three-year-old male, afebrile and admitted for white appendicitis (histology of reactive peri-appendicular lymphadenopathy); thoraco-abdominal CT scan, performed following mesenteric adenomegaly, showed a pulmonary infiltrate. Quantiferon was negative. After 2 months, a new CT scan showed 2 lung abscesses and mesenteric lymphadenopathy (some with calcification and necrosis), with no clinical or analytical alterations. With suspicion of fungal infection, LBA was performed (negative cultures and PCR) followed by pulmonary segmentectomy (excision of the lung abscesses), and empirical antibacterial and antifungal antibiotherapy with voriconazole was started. The functional and genetic study confirmed CGD (CYBB mutation, X-linked). After 2 weeks of cultures, Tyromices fissilis, a voriconazole-sensitive fungus, was isolated. Results: We illustrate the importance of pursuing microbiological diagnosis in pulmonary infection with a torpid course, although this requires invasive techniques infrequently used in paediatrics. The clinical-radiological evolution and microbiological findings pointed to an underlying PID, CGD, which often debuts with rare and difficult to isolate bacterial and fungal infections.
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en
Anamnesis A 24-year-old man with a history of intestinal polyposis, angioma of the left forearm and right buttock. He came to the Emergency Department for haematuria of one month's evolution with multiple previous consultations, associated with worsening general condition, fever of 38oC of 12 hours of evolution, chills, sweating, pain in the left renal fossa and flank, decreased diuresis. Physical examination Physical examination on admission: blood pressure 154/99 mmHg, heart rate 109 bpm, temperature 37.7 oC. Abdomen painful on palpation in the left flank and positive ipsilateral renal fist percussion; on auscultation there was a perceptible abdominal murmur. Macroscopic haematuria is evidenced by bladder catheterisation. Complementary tests - Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis of 15,100 thousand/mm3, platelets 136,000 thousand/mm3, urinary sediment with >100 red blood cells and leukocytes per field. Other findings were unchanged. - Abdominal ultrasound: large arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the left kidney with secondary aneurysmal dilatation of 9.5 cm. Left kidney of normal size, echogenicity and corticomedullary differentiation somewhat increased. - Computed tomography angiography: formation in the left kidney, vascular in appearance, with large vessels and an aneurysmal formation in its lower pole measuring 92 x 95 mm, compatible with AVM. Four arterial vessels from the aorta supplying the malformation and the left kidney were observed. The aneurysmal formation communicates through the left renal vein with the vena cava, which has an increased calibre. The right kidney is unaltered. - The study is complemented from the cardiological point of view to determine the repercussions of the renal lesion on the patient's haemodynamic state. - Transthoracic ultrasound: slight dilatation of the four cardiac chambers with normal thicknesses, compatible with volumetric overload. Normal left ventricular ejection fraction, normal valves. Cava plethora (severe dilatation of 38 mm without respiratory collapse) in relation to hyperflow. - Cardiac MRI: cardiomegaly at the expense of right chambers with signs of ipsilateral overload. Dilatation of the pulmonary artery trunk, hypertrabeculation of both ventricles predominantly of the LV with decreased systolic function. Diagnosis A diagnosis of AVM of the left kidney was established, with arterial hypertension and haematuria, complicated by acute left pyelonephritis. Treatment Once the diagnosis was established, antibiotic treatment of the infectious condition was started. Subsequently, the case was assessed by Interventional Radiology, who ruled out intervention due to the morphological characteristics of the lesion and the technical impossibility, proceeding to embolisation of the subsidiary left renal arteries by means of percutaneous access with Amplatzer devices and lower pedicle of the malformation with coils by Vascular Surgery, Embolisation of the third branch was not possible because it had a very small neck from the aortic wall, and the control CT scan showed contrast filling of the lesion similar to previous studies. In view of the results, it was decided to carry out a joint intervention between Vascular Surgery and Urology. An en bloc left nephrectomy was performed with the AVM and aneurysm. Evolution He presented a favourable postoperative evolution, being discharged a few days later, with subsequent revisions that showed that the patient was in good general condition and had experienced an improvement in his cardiological parameters; he was assessed by the Genetics Service, who carried out a study to determine the aetiology of the vascular lesion. He is currently asymptomatic and haemodynamically stable, being followed up by Internal Medicine for multinodular goitre and by the Digestive System for colonic polyposis.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "24-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "intestinal", "polyposis", ",", "angioma", "of", "the", "left", "forearm", "and", "right", "buttock", ".", "He", "came", "to", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "for", "haematuria", "of", "one", "month", "'", "s", "evolution", "with", "multiple", "previous", "consultations", ",", "associated", "with", "worsening", "general", "condition", ",", "fever", "of", "38oC", "of", "12", "hours", "of", "evolution", ",", "chills", ",", "sweating", ",", "pain", "in", "the", "left", "renal", "fossa", "and", "flank", ",", "decreased", "diuresis", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Physical", "examination", "on", "admission", ":", "blood", "pressure", "154", "/", "99", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "109", "bpm", ",", "temperature", "37", ".", "7", "oC", ".", "Abdomen", "painful", "on", "palpation", "in", "the", "left", "flank", "and", "positive", "ipsilateral", "renal", "fist", "percussion", ";", "on", "auscultation", "there", "was", "a", "perceptible", "abdominal", "murmur", ".", "Macroscopic", "haematuria", "is", "evidenced", "by", "bladder", "catheterisation", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "leukocytosis", "of", "15", ",", "100", "thousand", "/", "mm3", ",", "platelets", "136", ",", "000", "thousand", "/", "mm3", ",", "urinary", "sediment", "with", ">", "100", "red", "blood", "cells", "and", "leukocytes", "per", "field", ".", "Other", "findings", "were", "unchanged", ".", "-", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", ":", "large", "arteriovenous", "malformation", "(", "AVM", ")", "in", "the", "left", "kidney", "with", "secondary", "aneurysmal", "dilatation", "of", "9", ".", "5", "cm", ".", "Left", "kidney", "of", "normal", "size", ",", "echogenicity", "and", "corticomedullary", "differentiation", "somewhat", "increased", ".", "-", "Computed", "tomography", "angiography", ":", "formation", "in", "the", "left", "kidney", ",", "vascular", "in", "appearance", ",", "with", "large", "vessels", "and", "an", "aneurysmal", "formation", "in", "its", "lower", "pole", "measuring", "92", "x", "95", "mm", ",", "compatible", "with", "AVM", ".", "Four", "arterial", "vessels", "from", "the", "aorta", "supplying", "the", "malformation", "and", "the", "left", "kidney", "were", "observed", ".", "The", "aneurysmal", "formation", "communicates", "through", "the", "left", "renal", "vein", "with", "the", "vena", "cava", ",", "which", "has", "an", "increased", "calibre", ".", "The", "right", "kidney", "is", "unaltered", ".", "-", "The", "study", "is", "complemented", "from", "the", "cardiological", "point", "of", "view", "to", "determine", "the", "repercussions", "of", "the", "renal", "lesion", "on", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "haemodynamic", "state", ".", "-", "Transthoracic", "ultrasound", ":", "slight", "dilatation", "of", "the", "four", "cardiac", "chambers", "with", "normal", "thicknesses", ",", "compatible", "with", "volumetric", "overload", ".", "Normal", "left", "ventricular", "ejection", "fraction", ",", "normal", "valves", ".", "Cava", "plethora", "(", "severe", "dilatation", "of", "38", "mm", "without", "respiratory", "collapse", ")", "in", "relation", "to", "hyperflow", ".", "-", "Cardiac", "MRI", ":", "cardiomegaly", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "right", "chambers", "with", "signs", "of", "ipsilateral", "overload", ".", "Dilatation", "of", "the", "pulmonary", "artery", "trunk", ",", "hypertrabeculation", "of", "both", "ventricles", "predominantly", "of", "the", "LV", "with", "decreased", "systolic", "function", ".", "Diagnosis", "A", "diagnosis", "of", "AVM", "of", "the", "left", "kidney", "was", "established", ",", "with", "arterial", "hypertension", "and", "haematuria", ",", "complicated", "by", "acute", "left", "pyelonephritis", ".", "Treatment", "Once", "the", "diagnosis", "was", "established", ",", "antibiotic", "treatment", "of", "the", "infectious", "condition", "was", "started", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "the", "case", "was", "assessed", "by", "Interventional", "Radiology", ",", "who", "ruled", "out", "intervention", "due", "to", "the", "morphological", "characteristics", "of", "the", "lesion", "and", "the", "technical", "impossibility", ",", "proceeding", "to", "embolisation", "of", "the", "subsidiary", "left", "renal", "arteries", "by", "means", "of", "percutaneous", "access", "with", "Amplatzer", "devices", "and", "lower", "pedicle", "of", "the", "malformation", "with", "coils", "by", "Vascular", "Surgery", ",", "Embolisation", "of", "the", "third", "branch", "was", "not", "possible", "because", "it", "had", "a", "very", "small", "neck", "from", "the", "aortic", "wall", ",", "and", "the", "control", "CT", "scan", "showed", "contrast", "filling", "of", "the", "lesion", "similar", "to", "previous", "studies", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "results", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "carry", "out", "a", "joint", "intervention", "between", "Vascular", "Surgery", "and", "Urology", ".", "An", "en", "bloc", "left", "nephrectomy", "was", "performed", "with", "the", "AVM", "and", "aneurysm", ".", "Evolution", "He", "presented", "a", "favourable", "postoperative", "evolution", ",", "being", "discharged", "a", "few", "days", "later", ",", "with", "subsequent", "revisions", "that", "showed", "that", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", "and", "had", "experienced", "an", "improvement", "in", "his", "cardiological", "parameters", ";", "he", "was", "assessed", "by", "the", "Genetics", "Service", ",", "who", "carried", "out", "a", "study", "to", "determine", "the", "aetiology", "of", "the", "vascular", "lesion", ".", "He", "is", "currently", "asymptomatic", "and", "haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "being", "followed", "up", "by", "Internal", "Medicine", "for", "multinodular", "goitre", "and", "by", "the", "Digestive", "System", "for", "colonic", "polyposis", "." ]
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en
A 59-year-old Caucasian man with no evidence of cardiovascular risk factors or pharmacological treatment prior to hospitalisation. He was admitted with fever not relieved by paracetamol and dyspnoea of 10 days' evolution. Physical examination revealed tachycardia (pulse 112 bpm), hypotension (90/50 mmHg) and severe hypoxaemia. A serial 12-lead electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia without ST-segment elevation/depression or other electrical pathways suggestive of myocardial failure; a chest X-ray showed signs of severe interstitial pneumonia, with ground-glass changes, suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Echocardiogram was normal. Because of severe ARDS, refractory to non-invasive mechanical ventilation, the patient underwent endotracheal intubation (ETI) and was transferred to an intensive care unit (ICU) isolation room; SARS-CoV-2 infection was subsequently confirmed by RT-PCR testing from a nasal swab. After a few days of mechanical ventilation, the patient suffered a sudden cardiac arrest followed, after resuscitation, by an acute haemodynamic worsening. An emergency echocardiogram showed severe disruption of the right heart chambers, indicative of acute pulmonary embolism. Because of the rapidly worsening haemodynamic status, no chest CT was performed and the patient was immediately transferred to our cardiac operating theatre. By means of a median sternotomy with bicaval and central aortic venous catheterisation, a large thrombus was removed from the right atrium and the left and right main pulmonary arteries. The complete removal of the thrombus led to a rapid improvement of the pulmonary artery systolic pressure. The intervention was performed with 59 minutes of cardioplegic arrest with mild hypothermia. The patient was treated with hydroxychloroquine sulphate and darunavir and cobicistat as drug therapy. After 32 days of follow-up, he is haemodynamically stable without inotropic support and has been transferred from the ICU to the general hospital ward with spontaneous ventilation. The SARS-CoV-2 infection resolved as confirmed by two RT-PCR tests from nasal swabs.
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en
This is a 45 year old woman with social problems, indigent. No known drug allergies. Heavy smoker (accumulated smoking 40 packs/year), with a considerable alcohol habit and ex-addicted to inhalation drugs. Personal history: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnosed in 1981 at the age of 18, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) liver disease, past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, severe bronchial asthma, cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis with secondary pancreatitis, pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood, and surgery for a uterine fibroid. Previous history From the time of diagnosis of HIV infection until 2005, the patient did not receive regular follow-up care at the clinic and was not receiving antiretroviral treatment (HAART). In 2005 (three years before the referred episode) she was in stage B3 with AIDS-defining criteria (herpes zoster, oropharyngeal candidiasis) and CD4 count of 79 cells/μl with HIV viral load 77,448 copies/ml, and it was decided to start HAART with Emtricitabine (FTC) + Tenofovir (TDF) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r). After six months it was changed to FTC + TDF + Saquinavir/Ritonavir (SQV/r) due to treatment failure secondary to poor adherence and discontinuation of follow-up. Only once between 2005 and 2008 did she have a viral load below 50 copies/ml, with CD4 count always below 200 cells/mm3. During this interval, the patient required multiple hospital admissions to the Infectious Diseases Department for asthmatic exacerbation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the context of non-condensing respiratory infection, receiving treatment with antibiotherapy, intravenous corticotherapy and later oral corticotherapy in a permanent descending regimen. Despite this, the patient continued to smoke actively and persisted in the consumption of alcohol and occasionally other toxic substances via inhalation. At the time of the current episode the patient's usual medication included TDF + FTC + SQV/r, budesonide + formoterol and salbutamol inhalers, prednisone, methadone, and cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis every other day. Present illness The patient came to the emergency department in May 2008 with behavioural and language disorders associated with loss of strength in the right side of the body since the previous day. She reported a non-thermometric dysthermic sensation in the last few days. She denied headache, nausea or vomiting, and did not present any other associated symptoms in the anamnesis by organs and apparatus. Physical examination revealed a tendency to hypertension (155/88 mmHg), tachycardic at 123 beats per minute, febrile at 37.8oC, and eupneic with an arterial oxygen saturation of 96% with nasal goggles at 2 litres per minute. She is conscious, disoriented in time, space and person, hardly cooperative. General condition is fair. Well hydrated and perfused, normal colour. Cushingoid habitus. No alterations in the head and neck. Cardiac tones are rhythmic and regular without murmurs, presenting generalised hypoventilation and scattered bilateral expiratory wheezing on pulmonary auscultation. The abdomen is soft and depressible, without pain on palpation, masses or organomegaly. Pedial pulses are present in the lower extremities and there is no oedema. Neurological examination revealed disorientation in all three spheres, with bilateral mydriatic pupils reactive to light, motor aphasia, preserved external eye movements, central right facial paralysis with no other cranial nerve focality, right hemiparesis 4/5, non-cooperation in the finger-nose test, non-exalted osteotendinous reflexes, bilateral flexor plantar skin reflex, negative Romberg and unexplored gait. Complementary tests The blood tests taken in the emergency department showed no significant alterations in the haemogram or biochemistry, except for mild hyponatraemia (sodium 131 mmol/l) and ethanol levels of 10 mg/dl. Venous blood gases and coagulation are normal. Rapid urine analysis was positive for cocaine and opiates, with positive visual strip tests for haemoglobin (5+), urobilinogen (3+) and leucocytes (2+). Blood cultures were taken and were negative. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with axis at 100o without block or repolarisation alterations. Chest X-ray showed only a small residual infiltrate in the left upper lobe. A computerised tomography (CT) scan of the skull was requested, which showed "a left frontal lesion of nodular morphology, poorly defined, about 2.5 cm in diameter and 4 cm in the following section, without being able to distinguish whether it was a single lesion or two adjacent ones, with a hyperdense peripheral and central area more hypodense, and causing a mass effect with displacement of the midline, as well as perilesional oedema that produced effacement of homolateral sulci". With the data obtained from the examination and the complementary tests, the patient was admitted to the Infectious Diseases hospital ward with the syndromic diagnosis of "Multiple space-occupying lesion (LOE) with mass effect in a severely immunosuppressed HIV patient", and empirical treatment was started. Differential diagnosis In our case we were dealing with a patient with several cerebral LOEs, in a state of severe immunosuppression due to stage B3 HIV infection with virological failure, together with prolonged corticoid therapy and drug abuse. After imaging tests that show lesions that produce a mass effect, diffuse central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as HIV encephalopathy (dementia-AIDS complex, CDS) or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) are relegated to second place, and we must first think of toxoplasmosis or primary CNS lymphoma in its focal presentation, also considering the possibility of tuberculoma or other infectious brain abscesses. In an immunosuppressed HIV patient, the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is difficult, as there is often no increase in immunoglobulin M (IgM) or large variations in immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres, so it is not useful for diagnosis, so it is more of a suspicion than a diagnosis of certainty. On the other hand, the imaging features are an excellent tool to guide the diagnosis. Toxoplasmosis on CT usually manifests as multiple, hypodense lesions located in the basal ganglia, thalamus and corticosubcortical region, with the typical ring-shaped enhancement after intravenous contrast administration, with the presence of eccentric nodular enhancement in the enhancing wall being very specific (but not very sensitive). In MRI, T2 and FLAIR sequences show the target sign in the lesions, with a hyperintense centre correlating with necrosis, a hypointense ring correlating with the inflammatory zone, and a hyperintense periphery in relation to surrounding oedema. Gadolinium T1-weighted sequences show an enhancing ring of the inflammatory zone. The lesions usually show increased diffusion on diffusion sequences, on spectroscopy there is usually an elevated lipid and lactate peak. Blood volume relative to the lesion is decreased. Oedema and haemorrhage are commonly associated with these lesions. The main differential diagnosis with multiple lesions with ring enhancement is with primary CNS lymphoma. In favour of lymphoma are subependymal extension, diffusion restriction (hypercellularity), involvement of the corpus callosum and marked choline spike. The relative blood volume in the lymphomatous lesion is increased. In addition to these more frequent entities, in the HIV patient, the possibility that lesions with enhancement may correspond to brain abscesses of bacterial aetiology cannot be left out of the differential diagnosis. Evolution After admission to the ward, and given the characteristics of the lesions, empirical treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis was started with pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine (later the serology for toxoplasmosis was negative for IgM and positive for IgG), in addition to empirical coverage with broad-spectrum antibiotherapy with meropenem + metronidazole. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain with contrast was requested. According to the radiology report, "several polylobulated space-occupying lesions with a cystic component in the left frontal lobe with significant mass effect and perilesional oedema, causing discrete falciform herniation in the anterior half of the cerebral sickle with displacement of the left anterior cerebral artery and ventricular deformation with obliteration of the frontal horn of the left ventricle. The lesions are low signal on T1 and FLAIR sequence and high on T2, with diffusion restriction and marked contrast uptake of annular morphology. The larger ones measure 3 and 1.8 cm respectively and there are other smaller ones of similar nature in contact with the lateral and posterior aspect. The rest of the parenchyma has a normal signal. The lesions described suggest a possible diagnosis of abscesses (tuberculous?) and less probably, due to the characteristics of the signal and the location, lymphoma or toxoplasma. After two weeks of treatment, there was no clinical or radiological response, the patient remained febrile with headache, aphasia and hemiparesis, as well as suffering a comical episode, so it was decided to perform surgery. A left frontal craniotomy was performed, finding a tension dura mater. The abscess capsule was removed, which reached the ventricle but was not open to it. Puncture and evacuation of the pus (30 ml) was performed, and excision of a laminar fragment measuring 30x30x2 mm together with an irregular surface fragment of cerebroid appearance measuring 35x20x15 mm, with a cystic appearance and purulent content. Samples were sent for microbiological and histopathological analysis. Gram staining of the microbiological sample showed gram-positive branched filamentous bacilli compatible with Nocardia, growing two weeks later in standard culture colonies of aerobic actinomycete (the strain was sent to the Bacteriology Service of the National Microbiology Centre with a result of Nocardia farcinica). The fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome were negative. The pathology report describes a brain abscess with peripheral fibrovascular proliferation. Despite the addition of appropriate specific antibiotic treatment (amikacin 500 mg every 12 hours for synergism with carbapenem already prescribed), the patient had a torpid evolution, developing post-surgical hydrocephalus, multifactorial jaundice and global respiratory failure, as well as important motor sequelae, evolving to multi-organ failure and dying one month after the operation. Final diagnosis Brain abscess due to Nocardia farcinica in a severely immunocompromised patient with HIV infection, prolonged corticosteroid treatment and drug abuse.
[ "This", "is", "a", "45", "year", "old", "woman", "with", "social", "problems", ",", "indigent", ".", "No", "known", "drug", "allergies", ".", "Heavy", "smoker", "(", "accumulated", "smoking", "40", "packs", "/", "year", ")", ",", "with", "a", "considerable", "alcohol", "habit", "and", "ex-addicted", "to", "inhalation", "drugs", ".", "Personal", "history", ":", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "HIV", ")", "infection", "diagnosed", "in", "1981", "at", "the", "age", "of", "18", ",", "chronic", "hepatitis", "C", "virus", "(", "HCV", ")", "liver", "disease", ",", "past", "hepatitis", "B", "virus", "(", "HBV", ")", "infection", ",", "severe", "bronchial", "asthma", ",", "cholelithiasis", "and", "choledocholithiasis", "with", "secondary", "pancreatitis", ",", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", "in", "childhood", ",", "and", "surgery", "for", "a", "uterine", "fibroid", ".", "Previous", "history", "From", "the", "time", "of", "diagnosis", "of", "HIV", "infection", "until", "2005", ",", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "receive", "regular", "follow-up", "care", "at", "the", "clinic", "and", "was", "not", "receiving", "antiretroviral", "treatment", "(", "HAART", ")", ".", "In", "2005", "(", "three", "years", "before", "the", "referred", "episode", ")", "she", "was", "in", "stage", "B3", "with", "AIDS-defining", "criteria", "(", "herpes", "zoster", ",", "oropharyngeal", "candidiasis", ")", "and", "CD4", "count", "of", "79", "cells", "/", "μl", "with", "HIV", "viral", "load", "77", ",", "448", "copies", "/", "ml", ",", "and", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "HAART", "with", "Emtricitabine", "(", "FTC", ")", "+", "Tenofovir", "(", "TDF", ")", "+", "Lopinavir", "/", "Ritonavir", "(", "LPV", "/", "r", ")", ".", "After", "six", "months", "it", "was", "changed", "to", "FTC", "+", "TDF", "+", "Saquinavir", "/", "Ritonavir", "(", "SQV", "/", "r", ")", "due", "to", "treatment", "failure", "secondary", "to", "poor", "adherence", "and", "discontinuation", "of", "follow-up", ".", "Only", "once", "between", "2005", "and", "2008", "did", "she", "have", "a", "viral", "load", "below", "50", "copies", "/", "ml", ",", "with", "CD4", "count", "always", "below", "200", "cells", "/", "mm3", ".", "During", "this", "interval", ",", "the", "patient", "required", "multiple", "hospital", "admissions", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", "for", "asthmatic", "exacerbation", "with", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "in", "the", "context", "of", "non-condensing", "respiratory", "infection", ",", "receiving", "treatment", "with", "antibiotherapy", ",", "intravenous", "corticotherapy", "and", "later", "oral", "corticotherapy", "in", "a", "permanent", "descending", "regimen", ".", "Despite", "this", ",", "the", "patient", "continued", "to", "smoke", "actively", "and", "persisted", "in", "the", "consumption", "of", "alcohol", "and", "occasionally", "other", "toxic", "substances", "via", "inhalation", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "the", "current", "episode", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "usual", "medication", "included", "TDF", "+", "FTC", "+", "SQV", "/", "r", ",", "budesonide", "+", "formoterol", "and", "salbutamol", "inhalers", ",", "prednisone", ",", "methadone", ",", "and", "cotrimoxazole", "as", "prophylaxis", "every", "other", "day", ".", "Present", "illness", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "in", "May", "2008", "with", "behavioural", "and", "language", "disorders", "associated", "with", "loss", "of", "strength", "in", "the", "right", "side", "of", "the", "body", "since", "the", "previous", "day", ".", "She", "reported", "a", "non-thermometric", "dysthermic", "sensation", "in", "the", "last", "few", "days", ".", "She", "denied", "headache", ",", "nausea", "or", "vomiting", ",", "and", "did", "not", "present", "any", "other", "associated", "symptoms", "in", "the", "anamnesis", "by", "organs", "and", "apparatus", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "a", "tendency", "to", "hypertension", "(", "155", "/", "88", "mmHg", ")", ",", "tachycardic", "at", "123", "beats", "per", "minute", ",", "febrile", "at", "37", ".", "8oC", ",", "and", "eupneic", "with", "an", "arterial", "oxygen", "saturation", "of", "96", "%", "with", "nasal", "goggles", "at", "2", "litres", "per", "minute", ".", "She", "is", "conscious", ",", "disoriented", "in", "time", ",", "space", "and", "person", ",", "hardly", "cooperative", ".", "General", "condition", "is", "fair", ".", "Well", "hydrated", "and", "perfused", ",", "normal", "colour", ".", "Cushingoid", "habitus", ".", "No", "alterations", "in", "the", "head", "and", "neck", ".", "Cardiac", "tones", "are", "rhythmic", "and", "regular", "without", "murmurs", ",", "presenting", "generalised", "hypoventilation", "and", "scattered", "bilateral", "expiratory", "wheezing", "on", "pulmonary", "auscultation", ".", "The", "abdomen", "is", "soft", "and", "depressible", ",", "without", "pain", "on", "palpation", ",", "masses", "or", "organomegaly", ".", "Pedial", "pulses", "are", "present", "in", "the", "lower", "extremities", "and", "there", "is", "no", "oedema", ".", "Neurological", "examination", "revealed", "disorientation", "in", "all", "three", "spheres", ",", "with", "bilateral", "mydriatic", "pupils", "reactive", "to", "light", ",", "motor", "aphasia", ",", "preserved", "external", "eye", "movements", ",", "central", "right", "facial", "paralysis", "with", "no", "other", "cranial", "nerve", "focality", ",", "right", "hemiparesis", "4", "/", "5", ",", "non-cooperation", "in", "the", "finger-nose", "test", ",", "non-exalted", "osteotendinous", "reflexes", ",", "bilateral", "flexor", "plantar", "skin", "reflex", ",", "negative", "Romberg", "and", "unexplored", "gait", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "The", "blood", "tests", "taken", "in", "the", "emergency", "department", "showed", "no", "significant", "alterations", "in", "the", "haemogram", "or", "biochemistry", ",", "except", "for", "mild", "hyponatraemia", "(", "sodium", "131", "mmol", "/", "l", ")", "and", "ethanol", "levels", "of", "10", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Venous", "blood", "gases", "and", "coagulation", "are", "normal", ".", "Rapid", "urine", "analysis", "was", "positive", "for", "cocaine", "and", "opiates", ",", "with", "positive", "visual", "strip", "tests", "for", "haemoglobin", "(", "5", "+", ")", ",", "urobilinogen", "(", "3", "+", ")", "and", "leucocytes", "(", "2", "+", ")", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "were", "taken", "and", "were", "negative", ".", "The", "electrocardiogram", "showed", "sinus", "rhythm", "with", "axis", "at", "100o", "without", "block", "or", "repolarisation", "alterations", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "only", "a", "small", "residual", "infiltrate", "in", "the", "left", "upper", "lobe", ".", "A", "computerised", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "of", "the", "skull", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "showed", "\"", "a", "left", "frontal", "lesion", "of", "nodular", "morphology", ",", "poorly", "defined", ",", "about", "2", ".", "5", "cm", "in", "diameter", "and", "4", "cm", "in", "the", "following", "section", ",", "without", "being", "able", "to", "distinguish", "whether", "it", "was", "a", "single", "lesion", "or", "two", "adjacent", "ones", ",", "with", "a", "hyperdense", "peripheral", "and", "central", "area", "more", "hypodense", ",", "and", "causing", "a", "mass", "effect", "with", "displacement", "of", "the", "midline", ",", "as", "well", "as", "perilesional", "oedema", "that", "produced", "effacement", "of", "homolateral", "sulci", "\"", ".", "With", "the", "data", "obtained", "from", "the", "examination", "and", "the", "complementary", "tests", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "hospital", "ward", "with", "the", "syndromic", "diagnosis", "of", "\"", "Multiple", "space-occupying", "lesion", "(", "LOE", ")", "with", "mass", "effect", "in", "a", "severely", "immunosuppressed", "HIV", "patient", "\"", ",", "and", "empirical", "treatment", "was", "started", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "In", "our", "case", "we", "were", "dealing", "with", "a", "patient", "with", "several", "cerebral", "LOEs", ",", "in", "a", "state", "of", "severe", "immunosuppression", "due", "to", "stage", "B3", "HIV", "infection", "with", "virological", "failure", ",", "together", "with", "prolonged", "corticoid", "therapy", "and", "drug", "abuse", ".", "After", "imaging", "tests", "that", "show", "lesions", "that", "produce", "a", "mass", "effect", ",", "diffuse", "central", "nervous", "system", "(", "CNS", ")", "disorders", "such", "as", "HIV", "encephalopathy", "(", "dementia-AIDS", "complex", ",", "CDS", ")", "or", "progressive", "multifocal", "leukoencephalopathy", "(", "PML", ")", "are", "relegated", "to", "second", "place", ",", "and", "we", "must", "first", "think", "of", "toxoplasmosis", "or", "primary", "CNS", "lymphoma", "in", "its", "focal", "presentation", ",", "also", "considering", "the", "possibility", "of", "tuberculoma", "or", "other", "infectious", "brain", "abscesses", ".", "In", "an", "immunosuppressed", "HIV", "patient", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "toxoplasmosis", "is", "difficult", ",", "as", "there", "is", "often", "no", "increase", "in", "immunoglobulin", "M", "(", "IgM", ")", "or", "large", "variations", "in", "immunoglobulin", "G", "(", "IgG", ")", "titres", ",", "so", "it", "is", "not", "useful", "for", "diagnosis", ",", "so", "it", "is", "more", "of", "a", "suspicion", "than", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "certainty", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "the", "imaging", "features", "are", "an", "excellent", "tool", "to", "guide", "the", "diagnosis", ".", "Toxoplasmosis", "on", "CT", "usually", "manifests", "as", "multiple", ",", "hypodense", "lesions", "located", "in", "the", "basal", "ganglia", ",", "thalamus", "and", "corticosubcortical", "region", ",", "with", "the", "typical", "ring-shaped", "enhancement", "after", "intravenous", "contrast", "administration", ",", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "eccentric", "nodular", "enhancement", "in", "the", "enhancing", "wall", "being", "very", "specific", "(", "but", "not", "very", "sensitive", ")", ".", "In", "MRI", ",", "T2", "and", "FLAIR", "sequences", "show", "the", "target", "sign", "in", "the", "lesions", ",", "with", "a", "hyperintense", "centre", "correlating", "with", "necrosis", ",", "a", "hypointense", "ring", "correlating", "with", "the", "inflammatory", "zone", ",", "and", "a", "hyperintense", "periphery", "in", "relation", "to", "surrounding", "oedema", ".", "Gadolinium", "T1-weighted", "sequences", "show", "an", "enhancing", "ring", "of", "the", "inflammatory", "zone", ".", "The", "lesions", "usually", "show", "increased", "diffusion", "on", "diffusion", "sequences", ",", "on", "spectroscopy", "there", "is", "usually", "an", "elevated", "lipid", "and", "lactate", "peak", ".", "Blood", "volume", "relative", "to", "the", "lesion", "is", "decreased", ".", "Oedema", "and", "haemorrhage", "are", "commonly", "associated", "with", "these", "lesions", ".", "The", "main", "differential", "diagnosis", "with", "multiple", "lesions", "with", "ring", "enhancement", "is", "with", "primary", "CNS", "lymphoma", ".", "In", "favour", "of", "lymphoma", "are", "subependymal", "extension", ",", "diffusion", "restriction", "(", "hypercellularity", ")", ",", "involvement", "of", "the", "corpus", "callosum", "and", "marked", "choline", "spike", ".", "The", "relative", "blood", "volume", "in", "the", "lymphomatous", "lesion", "is", "increased", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "these", "more", "frequent", "entities", ",", "in", "the", "HIV", "patient", ",", "the", "possibility", "that", "lesions", "with", "enhancement", "may", "correspond", "to", "brain", "abscesses", "of", "bacterial", "aetiology", "cannot", "be", "left", "out", "of", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "Evolution", "After", "admission", "to", "the", "ward", ",", "and", "given", "the", "characteristics", "of", "the", "lesions", ",", "empirical", "treatment", "for", "cerebral", "toxoplasmosis", "was", "started", "with", "pyrimethamine", "+", "sulfadiazine", "(", "later", "the", "serology", "for", "toxoplasmosis", "was", "negative", "for", "IgM", "and", "positive", "for", "IgG", ")", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "empirical", "coverage", "with", "broad-spectrum", "antibiotherapy", "with", "meropenem", "+", "metronidazole", ".", "A", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "scan", "of", "the", "brain", "with", "contrast", "was", "requested", ".", "According", "to", "the", "radiology", "report", ",", "\"", "several", "polylobulated", "space-occupying", "lesions", "with", "a", "cystic", "component", "in", "the", "left", "frontal", "lobe", "with", "significant", "mass", "effect", "and", "perilesional", "oedema", ",", "causing", "discrete", "falciform", "herniation", "in", "the", "anterior", "half", "of", "the", "cerebral", "sickle", "with", "displacement", "of", "the", "left", "anterior", "cerebral", "artery", "and", "ventricular", "deformation", "with", "obliteration", "of", "the", "frontal", "horn", "of", "the", "left", "ventricle", ".", "The", "lesions", "are", "low", "signal", "on", "T1", "and", "FLAIR", "sequence", "and", "high", "on", "T2", ",", "with", "diffusion", "restriction", "and", "marked", "contrast", "uptake", "of", "annular", "morphology", ".", "The", "larger", "ones", "measure", "3", "and", "1", ".", "8", "cm", "respectively", "and", "there", "are", "other", "smaller", "ones", "of", "similar", "nature", "in", "contact", "with", "the", "lateral", "and", "posterior", "aspect", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "parenchyma", "has", "a", "normal", "signal", ".", "The", "lesions", "described", "suggest", "a", "possible", "diagnosis", "of", "abscesses", "(", "tuberculous", "?", ")", "and", "less", "probably", ",", "due", "to", "the", "characteristics", "of", "the", "signal", "and", "the", "location", ",", "lymphoma", "or", "toxoplasma", ".", "After", "two", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ",", "there", "was", "no", "clinical", "or", "radiological", "response", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "febrile", "with", "headache", ",", "aphasia", "and", "hemiparesis", ",", "as", "well", "as", "suffering", "a", "comical", "episode", ",", "so", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "surgery", ".", "A", "left", "frontal", "craniotomy", "was", "performed", ",", "finding", "a", "tension", "dura", "mater", ".", "The", "abscess", "capsule", "was", "removed", ",", "which", "reached", "the", "ventricle", "but", "was", "not", "open", "to", "it", ".", "Puncture", "and", "evacuation", "of", "the", "pus", "(", "30", "ml", ")", "was", "performed", ",", "and", "excision", "of", "a", "laminar", "fragment", "measuring", "30x30x2", "mm", "together", "with", "an", "irregular", "surface", "fragment", "of", "cerebroid", "appearance", "measuring", "35x20x15", "mm", ",", "with", "a", "cystic", "appearance", "and", "purulent", "content", ".", "Samples", "were", "sent", "for", "microbiological", "and", "histopathological", "analysis", ".", "Gram", "staining", "of", "the", "microbiological", "sample", "showed", "gram-positive", "branched", "filamentous", "bacilli", "compatible", "with", "Nocardia", ",", "growing", "two", "weeks", "later", "in", "standard", "culture", "colonies", "of", "aerobic", "actinomycete", "(", "the", "strain", "was", "sent", "to", "the", "Bacteriology", "Service", "of", "the", "National", "Microbiology", "Centre", "with", "a", "result", "of", "Nocardia", "farcinica", ")", ".", "The", "fungal", "culture", "and", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "(", "PCR", ")", "for", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "genome", "were", "negative", ".", "The", "pathology", "report", "describes", "a", "brain", "abscess", "with", "peripheral", "fibrovascular", "proliferation", ".", "Despite", "the", "addition", "of", "appropriate", "specific", "antibiotic", "treatment", "(", "amikacin", "500", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", "for", "synergism", "with", "carbapenem", "already", "prescribed", ")", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "a", "torpid", "evolution", ",", "developing", "post-surgical", "hydrocephalus", ",", "multifactorial", "jaundice", "and", "global", "respiratory", "failure", ",", "as", "well", "as", "important", "motor", "sequelae", ",", "evolving", "to", "multi-organ", "failure", "and", "dying", "one", "month", "after", "the", "operation", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Brain", "abscess", "due", "to", "Nocardia", "farcinica", "in", "a", "severely", "immunocompromised", "patient", "with", "HIV", "infection", ",", "prolonged", "corticosteroid", "treatment", "and", "drug", "abuse", "." ]
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89-year-old male, AHT. AF, round atelectasis in the right lower lobe and subpleural micronodules, loculated right hydropneumothorax under follow-up by Pneumology. Left renal cyst Bosniak II. Mesenteric panniculitis, diverticulosis. Admitted to Internal Medicine for hepatic abscess in segment 4, in CT scan monitored by Pneumology. Physical examination was normal except for known arrhythmia. Drainage was performed with culture of samples and antibiotic treatment was started with Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, in the absence of biliary tract dilatation and without colostasis, the study was completed with colonoscopy and cytology, which were normal. A control CT scan was performed, in which no changes were seen in the liver lesion, so the study was extended with cholangio MRI showing distal cholelithiasis. An endoscopic ultrasound was performed, which showed cholelithiasis in the common bile duct with no evidence of dilatation or obstruction of the biliary tract and without any image compatible with neoplasia. Alpha fetoprotein negative, cultures with isolation of Clostridiodes Cadaveris and Metronidazole was added to the treatment. With an ultrasound examination showing an improvement in the abscess, drainage was removed and the patient was admitted to the Home Hospitalisation Unit to complete antibiotic treatment. After two weeks of treatment, she presented a new clinical worsening with anorexia, deterioration of general condition and asthenia, and ultrasound findings led to readmission. A new drainage and biopsy of the abscess was performed, given the characteristics of the patient and the literature review of the association described between Clostridiodes Cadaveris and neoplasia. The result was compatible with liver metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma, of unknown primary (although taking into account the lesion and pulmonary effusion that the patient presented, this could be the primary). This was discussed with the family and in agreement with them, and taking into account the patient's age and the scarce therapeutic possibilities, it was decided not to submit the patient to further complementary studies, which is why palliative care was contacted for outpatient follow-up.
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en
Anamnesis A 39-year-old woman, with a stable heterosexual partner, came to the clinic referred by her primary care doctor for lesions on her genitals that had been present for several months. Her only personal history was an allergy to ampicillin. She did not take drugs on a regular basis and did not report a history of previous genital lesions. Physical examination She presented multiple papuloplaques of between 0.5 and 1.5 cm with a flat surface, pinkish hue and moist appearance, with a tendency to ulceration. The lesions were located mainly on the labia majora, perineum and perianal region. There were no lesions on other parts of the skin or mucous membranes. Complementary examinations A complete blood test was performed which showed positive for luetic serology, with a positive RPR, with a titre of 1/128 and a TPHA (Anti Treponema pallidum Ac.) > 1/1280. All other serologies, including hepatitis B virus (HBs Ag and Anti HBc Ac), hepatitis C virus (Anti HCV Ac) and HIV (Anti HIV Ac) were negative. Skin biopsy of one of the lesions showed a very dense inflammatory infiltrate formed by lymphocytes and very abundant plasma cells at the dermal level. The epidermis showed acanthosis and patches of parakeratosis, with abundant neutrophils. Eosinophils, neutrophils and isolated lymphocytes were present in the more superficial layers of the epidermis. The plasma cells in the infiltrate did not show light chain restriction and numerous spirochetes were observed in the more basal layers of the epidermis by anti-Treponema antibodies. Diagnosis Condyloma plana, secondary syphilis. Treatment and course A single dose of 2.4 million IU of intramuscular benzathine penicillin G benzathine was administered. The case was reported to the preventive medicine service of our hospital as it was a notifiable disease. However, the patient did not return for follow-up despite repeated attempts to locate her and her regular partner, so the follow-up was lost.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "39-year-old", "woman", ",", "with", "a", "stable", "heterosexual", "partner", ",", "came", "to", "the", "clinic", "referred", "by", "her", "primary", "care", "doctor", "for", "lesions", "on", "her", "genitals", "that", "had", "been", "present", "for", "several", "months", ".", "Her", "only", "personal", "history", "was", "an", "allergy", "to", "ampicillin", ".", "She", "did", "not", "take", "drugs", "on", "a", "regular", "basis", "and", "did", "not", "report", "a", "history", "of", "previous", "genital", "lesions", ".", "Physical", "examination", "She", "presented", "multiple", "papuloplaques", "of", "between", "0", ".", "5", "and", "1", ".", "5", "cm", "with", "a", "flat", "surface", ",", "pinkish", "hue", "and", "moist", "appearance", ",", "with", "a", "tendency", "to", "ulceration", ".", "The", "lesions", "were", "located", "mainly", "on", "the", "labia", "majora", ",", "perineum", "and", "perianal", "region", ".", "There", "were", "no", "lesions", "on", "other", "parts", "of", "the", "skin", "or", "mucous", "membranes", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "A", "complete", "blood", "test", "was", "performed", "which", "showed", "positive", "for", "luetic", "serology", ",", "with", "a", "positive", "RPR", ",", "with", "a", "titre", "of", "1", "/", "128", "and", "a", "TPHA", "(", "Anti", "Treponema", "pallidum", "Ac", ".", ")", ">", "1", "/", "1280", ".", "All", "other", "serologies", ",", "including", "hepatitis", "B", "virus", "(", "HBs", "Ag", "and", "Anti", "HBc", "Ac", ")", ",", "hepatitis", "C", "virus", "(", "Anti", "HCV", "Ac", ")", "and", "HIV", "(", "Anti", "HIV", "Ac", ")", "were", "negative", ".", "Skin", "biopsy", "of", "one", "of", "the", "lesions", "showed", "a", "very", "dense", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", "formed", "by", "lymphocytes", "and", "very", "abundant", "plasma", "cells", "at", "the", "dermal", "level", ".", "The", "epidermis", "showed", "acanthosis", "and", "patches", "of", "parakeratosis", ",", "with", "abundant", "neutrophils", ".", "Eosinophils", ",", "neutrophils", "and", "isolated", "lymphocytes", "were", "present", "in", "the", "more", "superficial", "layers", "of", "the", "epidermis", ".", "The", "plasma", "cells", "in", "the", "infiltrate", "did", "not", "show", "light", "chain", "restriction", "and", "numerous", "spirochetes", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "more", "basal", "layers", "of", "the", "epidermis", "by", "anti-Treponema", "antibodies", ".", "Diagnosis", "Condyloma", "plana", ",", "secondary", "syphilis", ".", "Treatment", "and", "course", "A", "single", "dose", "of", "2", ".", "4", "million", "IU", "of", "intramuscular", "benzathine", "penicillin", "G", "benzathine", "was", "administered", ".", "The", "case", "was", "reported", "to", "the", "preventive", "medicine", "service", "of", "our", "hospital", "as", "it", "was", "a", "notifiable", "disease", ".", "However", ",", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "return", "for", "follow-up", "despite", "repeated", "attempts", "to", "locate", "her", "and", "her", "regular", "partner", ",", "so", "the", "follow-up", "was", "lost", "." ]
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en
The patient is a 53-year-old male. His main history included chronic seronegative polyarthritis diagnosed in 2010, for which he had undergone several lines of treatment (Metrotexate in ascending doses, NSAIDs and corticosteroids) with poor clinical evolution. Since that diagnosis, she had presented several episodes of subacromial bursitis in the right shoulder and arthritis in the left ankle that required infiltrations as analgesic treatment, developing a fistulous tract in both locations. In 2011 he required admission for septic arthritis of the right shoulder, with isolation of Corynebacterium spp, and was treated by arthrocentesis and prolonged antibiotherapy. Etanercept (Mantoux previously negative) was added to the treatment several months later, which was finally withdrawn due to ineffectiveness and inadequate response. It is worth highlighting the situation prior to admission, as in recent months he had presented severe joint flare-ups of marked inflammation in both hands and lower limbs (right knee and both ankles) and the appearance of subcutaneous nodules that progressed in size. The patient was admitted in February 2013 following the findings of a gallium scan performed privately, which described a very active pathological process in the left ankle and pathological foci in the right shoulder and foot. When questioned specifically about the joint symptoms, he states that, for several months, the inflammation has been very marked in the left ankle and both hands, as well as pain and intermittent discharge from the fistulous tract of the right shoulder and left ankle. Of note is the appearance of painless subcutaneous nodules on the forearm that have been increasing in size. He reported no other symptoms other than asthenia. On initial physical examination, the patient was in good general condition. Cardiorespiratory auscultation and abdominal examination were normal. The joint examination revealed a clean fistulous orifice in the right shoulder, with no exudation at the time of the examination. The elbows and wrists are respected, as well as both coxo-femoral joints. On the right hand at the level of the 2nd finger there is inflammation at the proximal interphalangeal level, with an exudative orifice. There are several subcutaneous nodules, the largest of which is located on the left forearm, without heat or redness, of semi-soft consistency, not adhering to deep planes. On the left ankle, there is swelling and a soft lump at the level of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the second toe. Finally, on the left ankle there is pain and swelling and exudative suppuration from a fistulous tract. In the initial analyses, both the haemogram and the coagulation study showed no alterations, with a leukocyte count within normal values. In the admission biochemistry, the acute phase reactants, CRP, pro-calcitonin and ESR were slightly elevated: 5.83 mg/dL, 2.1 ng/dL and 85 mm/h respectively. Superficial samples were taken from both fistulas, from the subcutaneous nodules described, and arthrocentesis of the left ankle was performed. The chest X-ray performed was reported as normal. X-rays of the right foot and right hand showed arthritis with bone destruction of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 2nd toe and of the proximal interphalange of the 2nd toe respectively, We obtained an MRI of the left ankle, describing osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the ankle and hindfoot, with abscesses and fistulous tracts, infectious tenosynovitis of the posterior tibialis and soft tissue abscesses. In addition, MRI of the right shoulder, infectious subdeltoid bursitis with deltoid muscle component and fistulisation to the skin. Ultrasound of the forearm tumour showed a 5 x 3.5 cm heterogeneous collection superficial to the flexors and signs of tenosynovitis at the wrist. In view of these findings, we agreed with the patient to take biopsies of the left ankle and the forearm tumour in the operating theatre. Differential diagnosis In view of the above, the patient's initial syndromic judgement related the presence of subcutaneous nodules, tenosynovitis and destructive polyarthritis with signs of infection in an immunosuppressed patient with severe seronegative arthropathy. Initial suspicion makes it necessary to rule out septic arthritis in one or more joints, requiring a broad approach to the aetiology of infective microorganisms at this level. The most frequent microorganisms in the etiological differential diagnosis should include S. aureus, Streptococcus spp, gram-negative aerobic bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other less prevalent microorganisms such as fungi and Mycoplasma spp. In addition to the classic pathogens, we should think about slow-growing or less classic bacteria that can destroy the joint and affect the bone in an insidious way, such as mycobacteria. Another non-infectious diagnosis to consider is sarcoidosis, which is the cause of bone lesions in approximately 5% of patients, with joint disease present in 25-50% of sarcoidosis cases, usually polyarticular. Typical bone lesions are mainly on the hands and feet, initially painful, with extensive bone destruction in advanced stages and the presence of skin changes is consistent with the diagnosis. In our patient this was subsequently ruled out. Another diagnostic possibility is crystal-induced arthritis (gout and pseudogout), although in this case there is a good response to anti-inflammatory treatment and the course is more acute. It may also be reactive arthritis, an exacerbation of the underlying disease (with greater involvement of certain joints), or metastasis of a neoplastic process. All these pathologies were ruled out with the results of the complementary tests performed. The special and distinctive feature of the case lies in the presence of subcutaneous nodules concomitant with the joint symptoms, in addition to synovial involvement of the wrist and ankle. Initially, the presence of these nodules was considered to be part of his underlying disease, and could be related to an exacerbation of his joint pathology or be the clinical manifestation of an underlying infectious process, so we requested a scheduled biopsy in the operating theatre. Subcutaneous nodules in immunosuppressed patients may be a possible early sign of disseminated infection with a poor prognosis. There are different entities that could be the cause of these nodules, so we must establish a differential diagnosis. Among the options should be those diseases that cause nodular lymphagitis, this syndrome is rare and can be caused by fungi, bacteria, mycobacteria, parasites and viruses. The clinical form may present with or without the presence of ascending nodules with lymphagitis or proximal lymphadenitis. Biopsy of the lesion is required for definitive diagnosis. Specifically, P. aeruginosa has also been implicated as an aetiological agent of nodules, although they are more characteristic in the lower limbs. There are other processes characterised by nodules such as nodular scabies, secondary syphilis or bacillary angiomatosis. A rare entity described in the literature that causes synovial involvement is mycobacterial infection of the tendon sheath. The clinical presentation is usually the presence of an indolent mass along the tendon associated with pain and limitation of movement. It is a rare form of extrapulmonary involvement by M.tuberculosis. This infection of the tendon sheath frequently occurs in the hand, foot, ankle and wrist, especially affecting the flexor compartments. Infection of the tendon sheath may result from haematogenous spread of the bacillus. Evolution As part of the differential diagnosis in the samples sent to microbiology (ankle specimen and tumour), a complete study of mycobacteria and other defective growth bacteria is requested. In addition, Mantoux and an extended analytical study are requested. The tests requested were received and we were informed by the microbiology laboratory that the direct smear microscopy of the samples received from the ankle was positive and the cultures extracted in the operating theatre from the nodules and the aspiration puncture of the lesion isolated M. tuberculosis. The tuberculin test performed was positive (20 mm x 15 mm), supporting the diagnosis. The histology of the biopsy obtained in the operating theatre showed ulceration with necrotising granulomatous inflammation, the presence of epithelioid macrophages, Langhans-type giant cells and caseous necrosis, with perivascular lymphocytes, characteristic of tuberculous granulomas. The patient was discharged to the ward with tuberculostatic treatment combining Rifampicin + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol at standard doses for the initial two months. The skin lesions have clearly improved and the nodules have almost completely disappeared. The polyarthritis has diminished and the fistulous tracts in the shoulder and knee are in the resolution phase, with a good appearance and no exudative component. Two months later, Etambutol and pyrazinamide were discontinued and a year of treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid was completed, with excellent tolerance and almost complete resolution of the lesions. Final diagnosis Osteoarticular and soft tissue tuberculosis in a patient with severe seronegative arthritis in an immunosuppressed patient.
[ "The", "patient", "is", "a", "53-year-old", "male", ".", "His", "main", "history", "included", "chronic", "seronegative", "polyarthritis", "diagnosed", "in", "2010", ",", "for", "which", "he", "had", "undergone", "several", "lines", "of", "treatment", "(", "Metrotexate", "in", "ascending", "doses", ",", "NSAIDs", "and", "corticosteroids", ")", "with", "poor", "clinical", "evolution", ".", "Since", "that", "diagnosis", ",", "she", "had", "presented", "several", "episodes", "of", "subacromial", "bursitis", "in", "the", "right", "shoulder", "and", "arthritis", "in", "the", "left", "ankle", "that", "required", "infiltrations", "as", "analgesic", "treatment", ",", "developing", "a", "fistulous", "tract", "in", "both", "locations", ".", "In", "2011", "he", "required", "admission", "for", "septic", "arthritis", "of", "the", "right", "shoulder", ",", "with", "isolation", "of", "Corynebacterium", "spp", ",", "and", "was", "treated", "by", "arthrocentesis", "and", "prolonged", "antibiotherapy", ".", "Etanercept", "(", "Mantoux", "previously", "negative", ")", "was", "added", "to", "the", "treatment", "several", "months", "later", ",", "which", "was", "finally", "withdrawn", "due", "to", "ineffectiveness", "and", "inadequate", "response", ".", "It", "is", "worth", "highlighting", "the", "situation", "prior", "to", "admission", ",", "as", "in", "recent", "months", "he", "had", "presented", "severe", "joint", "flare-ups", "of", "marked", "inflammation", "in", "both", "hands", "and", "lower", "limbs", "(", "right", "knee", "and", "both", "ankles", ")", "and", "the", "appearance", "of", "subcutaneous", "nodules", "that", "progressed", "in", "size", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "in", "February", "2013", "following", "the", "findings", "of", "a", "gallium", "scan", "performed", "privately", ",", "which", "described", "a", "very", "active", "pathological", "process", "in", "the", "left", "ankle", "and", "pathological", "foci", "in", "the", "right", "shoulder", "and", "foot", ".", "When", "questioned", "specifically", "about", "the", "joint", "symptoms", ",", "he", "states", "that", ",", "for", "several", "months", ",", "the", "inflammation", "has", "been", "very", "marked", "in", "the", "left", "ankle", "and", "both", "hands", ",", "as", "well", "as", "pain", "and", "intermittent", "discharge", "from", "the", "fistulous", "tract", "of", "the", "right", "shoulder", "and", "left", "ankle", ".", "Of", "note", "is", "the", "appearance", "of", "painless", "subcutaneous", "nodules", "on", "the", "forearm", "that", "have", "been", "increasing", "in", "size", ".", "He", "reported", "no", "other", "symptoms", "other", "than", "asthenia", ".", "On", "initial", "physical", "examination", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ".", "Cardiorespiratory", "auscultation", "and", "abdominal", "examination", "were", "normal", ".", "The", "joint", "examination", "revealed", "a", "clean", "fistulous", "orifice", "in", "the", "right", "shoulder", ",", "with", "no", "exudation", "at", "the", "time", "of", "the", "examination", ".", "The", "elbows", "and", "wrists", "are", "respected", ",", "as", "well", "as", "both", "coxo-femoral", "joints", ".", "On", "the", "right", "hand", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "2nd", "finger", "there", "is", "inflammation", "at", "the", "proximal", "interphalangeal", "level", ",", "with", "an", "exudative", "orifice", ".", "There", "are", "several", "subcutaneous", "nodules", ",", "the", "largest", "of", "which", "is", "located", "on", "the", "left", "forearm", ",", "without", "heat", "or", "redness", ",", "of", "semi-soft", "consistency", ",", "not", "adhering", "to", "deep", "planes", ".", "On", "the", "left", "ankle", ",", "there", "is", "swelling", "and", "a", "soft", "lump", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "metacarpo-phalangeal", "joint", "of", "the", "second", "toe", ".", "Finally", ",", "on", "the", "left", "ankle", "there", "is", "pain", "and", "swelling", "and", "exudative", "suppuration", "from", "a", "fistulous", "tract", ".", "In", "the", "initial", "analyses", ",", "both", "the", "haemogram", "and", "the", "coagulation", "study", "showed", "no", "alterations", ",", "with", "a", "leukocyte", "count", "within", "normal", "values", ".", "In", "the", "admission", "biochemistry", ",", "the", "acute", "phase", "reactants", ",", "CRP", ",", "pro-calcitonin", "and", "ESR", "were", "slightly", "elevated", ":", "5", ".", "83", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "2", ".", "1", "ng", "/", "dL", "and", "85", "mm", "/", "h", "respectively", ".", "Superficial", "samples", "were", "taken", "from", "both", "fistulas", ",", "from", "the", "subcutaneous", "nodules", "described", ",", "and", "arthrocentesis", "of", "the", "left", "ankle", "was", "performed", ".", "The", "chest", "X-ray", "performed", "was", "reported", "as", "normal", ".", "X-rays", "of", "the", "right", "foot", "and", "right", "hand", "showed", "arthritis", "with", "bone", "destruction", "of", "the", "metatarsophalangeal", "joint", "of", "the", "2nd", "toe", "and", "of", "the", "proximal", "interphalange", "of", "the", "2nd", "toe", "respectively", ",", "We", "obtained", "an", "MRI", "of", "the", "left", "ankle", ",", "describing", "osteomyelitis", "and", "septic", "arthritis", "of", "the", "ankle", "and", "hindfoot", ",", "with", "abscesses", "and", "fistulous", "tracts", ",", "infectious", "tenosynovitis", "of", "the", "posterior", "tibialis", "and", "soft", "tissue", "abscesses", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "MRI", "of", "the", "right", "shoulder", ",", "infectious", "subdeltoid", "bursitis", "with", "deltoid", "muscle", "component", "and", "fistulisation", "to", "the", "skin", ".", "Ultrasound", "of", "the", "forearm", "tumour", "showed", "a", "5", "x", "3", ".", "5", "cm", "heterogeneous", "collection", "superficial", "to", "the", "flexors", "and", "signs", "of", "tenosynovitis", "at", "the", "wrist", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "we", "agreed", "with", "the", "patient", "to", "take", "biopsies", "of", "the", "left", "ankle", "and", "the", "forearm", "tumour", "in", "the", "operating", "theatre", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "In", "view", "of", "the", "above", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "initial", "syndromic", "judgement", "related", "the", "presence", "of", "subcutaneous", "nodules", ",", "tenosynovitis", "and", "destructive", "polyarthritis", "with", "signs", "of", "infection", "in", "an", "immunosuppressed", "patient", "with", "severe", "seronegative", "arthropathy", ".", "Initial", "suspicion", "makes", "it", "necessary", "to", "rule", "out", "septic", "arthritis", "in", "one", "or", "more", "joints", ",", "requiring", "a", "broad", "approach", "to", "the", "aetiology", "of", "infective", "microorganisms", "at", "this", "level", ".", "The", "most", "frequent", "microorganisms", "in", "the", "etiological", "differential", "diagnosis", "should", "include", "S", ".", "aureus", ",", "Streptococcus", "spp", ",", "gram-negative", "aerobic", "bacteria", ",", "Neisseria", "gonorrhoeae", "and", "other", "less", "prevalent", "microorganisms", "such", "as", "fungi", "and", "Mycoplasma", "spp", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "the", "classic", "pathogens", ",", "we", "should", "think", "about", "slow-growing", "or", "less", "classic", "bacteria", "that", "can", "destroy", "the", "joint", "and", "affect", "the", "bone", "in", "an", "insidious", "way", ",", "such", "as", "mycobacteria", ".", "Another", "non-infectious", "diagnosis", "to", "consider", "is", "sarcoidosis", ",", "which", "is", "the", "cause", "of", "bone", "lesions", "in", "approximately", "5", "%", "of", "patients", ",", "with", "joint", "disease", "present", "in", "25-50", "%", "of", "sarcoidosis", "cases", ",", "usually", "polyarticular", ".", "Typical", "bone", "lesions", "are", "mainly", "on", "the", "hands", "and", "feet", ",", "initially", "painful", ",", "with", "extensive", "bone", "destruction", "in", "advanced", "stages", "and", "the", "presence", "of", "skin", "changes", "is", "consistent", "with", "the", "diagnosis", ".", "In", "our", "patient", "this", "was", "subsequently", "ruled", "out", ".", "Another", "diagnostic", "possibility", "is", "crystal-induced", "arthritis", "(", "gout", "and", "pseudogout", ")", ",", "although", "in", "this", "case", "there", "is", "a", "good", "response", "to", "anti-inflammatory", "treatment", "and", "the", "course", "is", "more", "acute", ".", "It", "may", "also", "be", "reactive", "arthritis", ",", "an", "exacerbation", "of", "the", "underlying", "disease", "(", "with", "greater", "involvement", "of", "certain", "joints", ")", ",", "or", "metastasis", "of", "a", "neoplastic", "process", ".", "All", "these", "pathologies", "were", "ruled", "out", "with", "the", "results", "of", "the", "complementary", "tests", "performed", ".", "The", "special", "and", "distinctive", "feature", "of", "the", "case", "lies", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "subcutaneous", "nodules", "concomitant", "with", "the", "joint", "symptoms", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "synovial", "involvement", "of", "the", "wrist", "and", "ankle", ".", "Initially", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "these", "nodules", "was", "considered", "to", "be", "part", "of", "his", "underlying", "disease", ",", "and", "could", "be", "related", "to", "an", "exacerbation", "of", "his", "joint", "pathology", "or", "be", "the", "clinical", "manifestation", "of", "an", "underlying", "infectious", "process", ",", "so", "we", "requested", "a", "scheduled", "biopsy", "in", "the", "operating", "theatre", ".", "Subcutaneous", "nodules", "in", "immunosuppressed", "patients", "may", "be", "a", "possible", "early", "sign", "of", "disseminated", "infection", "with", "a", "poor", "prognosis", ".", "There", "are", "different", "entities", "that", "could", "be", "the", "cause", "of", "these", "nodules", ",", "so", "we", "must", "establish", "a", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "Among", "the", "options", "should", "be", "those", "diseases", "that", "cause", "nodular", "lymphagitis", ",", "this", "syndrome", "is", "rare", "and", "can", "be", "caused", "by", "fungi", ",", "bacteria", ",", "mycobacteria", ",", "parasites", "and", "viruses", ".", "The", "clinical", "form", "may", "present", "with", "or", "without", "the", "presence", "of", "ascending", "nodules", "with", "lymphagitis", "or", "proximal", "lymphadenitis", ".", "Biopsy", "of", "the", "lesion", "is", "required", "for", "definitive", "diagnosis", ".", "Specifically", ",", "P", ".", "aeruginosa", "has", "also", "been", "implicated", "as", "an", "aetiological", "agent", "of", "nodules", ",", "although", "they", "are", "more", "characteristic", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", ".", "There", "are", "other", "processes", "characterised", "by", "nodules", "such", "as", "nodular", "scabies", ",", "secondary", "syphilis", "or", "bacillary", "angiomatosis", ".", "A", "rare", "entity", "described", "in", "the", "literature", "that", "causes", "synovial", "involvement", "is", "mycobacterial", "infection", "of", "the", "tendon", "sheath", ".", "The", "clinical", "presentation", "is", "usually", "the", "presence", "of", "an", "indolent", "mass", "along", "the", "tendon", "associated", "with", "pain", "and", "limitation", "of", "movement", ".", "It", "is", "a", "rare", "form", "of", "extrapulmonary", "involvement", "by", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", ".", "This", "infection", "of", "the", "tendon", "sheath", "frequently", "occurs", "in", "the", "hand", ",", "foot", ",", "ankle", "and", "wrist", ",", "especially", "affecting", "the", "flexor", "compartments", ".", "Infection", "of", "the", "tendon", "sheath", "may", "result", "from", "haematogenous", "spread", "of", "the", "bacillus", ".", "Evolution", "As", "part", "of", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "in", "the", "samples", "sent", "to", "microbiology", "(", "ankle", "specimen", "and", "tumour", ")", ",", "a", "complete", "study", "of", "mycobacteria", "and", "other", "defective", "growth", "bacteria", "is", "requested", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "Mantoux", "and", "an", "extended", "analytical", "study", "are", "requested", ".", "The", "tests", "requested", "were", "received", "and", "we", "were", "informed", "by", "the", "microbiology", "laboratory", "that", "the", "direct", "smear", "microscopy", "of", "the", "samples", "received", "from", "the", "ankle", "was", "positive", "and", "the", "cultures", "extracted", "in", "the", "operating", "theatre", "from", "the", "nodules", "and", "the", "aspiration", "puncture", "of", "the", "lesion", "isolated", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", ".", "The", "tuberculin", "test", "performed", "was", "positive", "(", "20", "mm", "x", "15", "mm", ")", ",", "supporting", "the", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "histology", "of", "the", "biopsy", "obtained", "in", "the", "operating", "theatre", "showed", "ulceration", "with", "necrotising", "granulomatous", "inflammation", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "epithelioid", "macrophages", ",", "Langhans-type", "giant", "cells", "and", "caseous", "necrosis", ",", "with", "perivascular", "lymphocytes", ",", "characteristic", "of", "tuberculous", "granulomas", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "to", "the", "ward", "with", "tuberculostatic", "treatment", "combining", "Rifampicin", "+", "Isoniazid", "+", "Pyrazinamide", "+", "Ethambutol", "at", "standard", "doses", "for", "the", "initial", "two", "months", ".", "The", "skin", "lesions", "have", "clearly", "improved", "and", "the", "nodules", "have", "almost", "completely", "disappeared", ".", "The", "polyarthritis", "has", "diminished", "and", "the", "fistulous", "tracts", "in", "the", "shoulder", "and", "knee", "are", "in", "the", "resolution", "phase", ",", "with", "a", "good", "appearance", "and", "no", "exudative", "component", ".", "Two", "months", "later", ",", "Etambutol", "and", "pyrazinamide", "were", "discontinued", "and", "a", "year", "of", "treatment", "with", "rifampicin", "and", "isoniazid", "was", "completed", ",", "with", "excellent", "tolerance", "and", "almost", "complete", "resolution", "of", "the", "lesions", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Osteoarticular", "and", "soft", "tissue", "tuberculosis", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "severe", "seronegative", "arthritis", "in", "an", "immunosuppressed", "patient", "." ]
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en
We present the case of a 57-year-old male, active smoker, with a history of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated with glycopyrronium bromide. He attended the emergency department for paraesthesia and inability to walk for 48 hours. In the previous days she had presented with vomiting, greenish diarrhoea of up to 18 stools per day, fever of 38oC and general malaise after eating eggs. On arrival at the ED, blood pressure was 181/118 mmHg, heart rate 118 bpm and temperature 35.4oC. Physical examination revealed peripheral hypoperfusion in both lower limbs, with livedo reticularis up to the pelvis. Laboratory tests showed haemoglobin 15 mg/dl, leucocytes 5.9 10.70×103/l, creatinine 2.45 mg/dl, creatine kinase 20,000 U/L, sodium 140 mEq/l, potassium 5.5 mEq/L, pH 7.15, pCO2 44 mm Hg, pO2 98 mm Hg, lactic acid 10.1 mg/dL. Suspecting acute arterial ischaemia, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast showed aneurysmal dilatation and complete thrombosis of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. He underwent emergency right axillo-bifemoral by-pass surgery. Low molecular weight heparin was started in addition to empirical antibiotic therapy with meropenem and vancomycin due to persistent fever. After 5 days of admission, multisensitive group D Salmonella was isolated in blood cultures, only resistant to quinolones, so he was de-escalated to ceftriaxone 2g daily for a total of 8 weeks. Despite antibiotherapy, daily febrile peaks persisted. After ruling out alternative sources of infection, there was a high suspicion of infection of the endovascular prosthesis. For this reason, a fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography or PET (18F-FDG)-CT scan was performed, which showed non-specific inflammatory activity throughout the bypass, especially in the thoracic tract. Finally, a gammagraphic study was performed with autologous leukocytes labelled with HMPAO-Tc99m, which finally ruled out infection at the bypass level. After a prolonged admission lasting two months with numerous complications, the patient remained afebrile, with negative blood cultures for subsequent controls, and was able to return to his daily activities without incident, although with the help of rehabilitation treatment.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "57-year-old", "male", ",", "active", "smoker", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "mild", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", "treated", "with", "glycopyrronium", "bromide", ".", "He", "attended", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "paraesthesia", "and", "inability", "to", "walk", "for", "48", "hours", ".", "In", "the", "previous", "days", "she", "had", "presented", "with", "vomiting", ",", "greenish", "diarrhoea", "of", "up", "to", "18", "stools", "per", "day", ",", "fever", "of", "38oC", "and", "general", "malaise", "after", "eating", "eggs", ".", "On", "arrival", "at", "the", "ED", ",", "blood", "pressure", "was", "181", "/", "118", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "118", "bpm", "and", "temperature", "35", ".", "4oC", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "peripheral", "hypoperfusion", "in", "both", "lower", "limbs", ",", "with", "livedo", "reticularis", "up", "to", "the", "pelvis", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "haemoglobin", "15", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "leucocytes", "5", ".", "9", "10", ".", "70", "×", "103", "/", "l", ",", "creatinine", "2", ".", "45", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "creatine", "kinase", "20", ",", "000", "U", "/", "L", ",", "sodium", "140", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "potassium", "5", ".", "5", "mEq", "/", "L", ",", "pH", "7", ".", "15", ",", "pCO2", "44", "mm", "Hg", ",", "pO2", "98", "mm", "Hg", ",", "lactic", "acid", "10", ".", "1", "mg", "/", "dL", ".", "Suspecting", "acute", "arterial", "ischaemia", ",", "an", "abdominal", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "with", "contrast", "showed", "aneurysmal", "dilatation", "and", "complete", "thrombosis", "of", "the", "infrarenal", "abdominal", "aorta", ".", "He", "underwent", "emergency", "right", "axillo-bifemoral", "by-pass", "surgery", ".", "Low", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", "was", "started", "in", "addition", "to", "empirical", "antibiotic", "therapy", "with", "meropenem", "and", "vancomycin", "due", "to", "persistent", "fever", ".", "After", "5", "days", "of", "admission", ",", "multisensitive", "group", "D", "Salmonella", "was", "isolated", "in", "blood", "cultures", ",", "only", "resistant", "to", "quinolones", ",", "so", "he", "was", "de-escalated", "to", "ceftriaxone", "2g", "daily", "for", "a", "total", "of", "8", "weeks", ".", "Despite", "antibiotherapy", ",", "daily", "febrile", "peaks", "persisted", ".", "After", "ruling", "out", "alternative", "sources", "of", "infection", ",", "there", "was", "a", "high", "suspicion", "of", "infection", "of", "the", "endovascular", "prosthesis", ".", "For", "this", "reason", ",", "a", "fluorodeoxyglucose", "positron", "emission", "tomography", "or", "PET", "(", "18F-FDG", ")", "-", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "showed", "non-specific", "inflammatory", "activity", "throughout", "the", "bypass", ",", "especially", "in", "the", "thoracic", "tract", ".", "Finally", ",", "a", "gammagraphic", "study", "was", "performed", "with", "autologous", "leukocytes", "labelled", "with", "HMPAO-Tc99m", ",", "which", "finally", "ruled", "out", "infection", "at", "the", "bypass", "level", ".", "After", "a", "prolonged", "admission", "lasting", "two", "months", "with", "numerous", "complications", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "afebrile", ",", "with", "negative", "blood", "cultures", "for", "subsequent", "controls", ",", "and", "was", "able", "to", "return", "to", "his", "daily", "activities", "without", "incident", ",", "although", "with", "the", "help", "of", "rehabilitation", "treatment", "." ]
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en
A 42-year-old man, recently diagnosed with metastatic clear cell sarcomatoid renal sarcomatoid carcinoma, was hospitalised with fever, pain management for symptomatic bone metastases and for first-line systemic treatment decisions. The patient had no other history. He initially presented with a fever of 39.0°C on 12 March 2020, for which he received ceftriaxone outside our centre. On day 6, he presented with mild cough and fever (38.3°C), which prompted a real-time PCR test for SARS-CoV-2; the result was positive. The patient was admitted to the COVID-19 ward of our hospital and closely monitored. Chest CT showed bilateral patchy ground-glass opacities associated with COVID-19 (figure 1). On D7 he was started on antiviral therapy with lopinavir and ritonavir (400mg/100mg orally), which was maintained for 5 days, according to local guidelines. On day 8, sudden dyspnoea and a drop in saturation necessitated increasing oxygen to 6 l/min, without the need for mechanical ventilation. He was given two doses of tocilizumab, with 8 mg/kg i.v. in each dose, 8 hours apart, with good tolerance. He then showed clinical improvement, becoming afebrile rapidly and with decreasing oxygen consumption, which was completely withdrawn on day 12. A chest CT scan on day 12 confirmed the improvement showing partial regression of pulmonary infiltrates and ground-glass opacities. C-reactive protein, an indirect marker of cytokine release, decreased from 225 mg/L to 33 mg/L in 4 days (figure 1). After tocilizumab administration, no relevant changes in circulating lymphocyte subpopulations were observed and the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + lymphocytes was high, before and after tocilizumab. Finally, the patient fully recovered from the symptoms of COVID-19.
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en
Anamnesis A 58-year-old male patient with a history of dyslipidaemia, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, ischaemic stroke in March 2011, with ataxia and bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia as sequelae, diagnosed with neurosyphilis with meningovascular involvement, with positive serology in blood and CSF, starting treatment with intramuscular penicillin G benzathine. He abandoned the controls and it is not known whether he continued with the prescribed antibiotic treatment. The day before admission, he had a headache and speech impairment, which subsided within hours; the patient went to bed and, as he slept a lot, his wife tried to wake him up without success. Physical examination Blood pressure: 140/100 mmHg. Heart rate: 90 bpm. Afebrile. The patient was stuporous, no eye opening, no localised pain. No speech, no moaning. Pupils miotic, reactive to light. Skewed deviation of gaze in skew, divergent strabismus. Oculocephalic reflexes abolished, corneal reflex preserved. Facial grimace in pain. Motor system: flaccid tetraparesis, lower limbs withdrawn in pain. Osteotendinous reflexes abolished. No nuchal rigidity or meningeal signs. Complementary tests - Blood tests. Haemoglobin 14.6 g/dl, haematocrit 44.8%, MCV 83.6 fl, leukocytes 8,080/mm3 (71.3% N and 10.3% L), platelets 123,000/mm3. ESR normal. Biochemistry: no findings of interest. Liver and lipid profile without pathological findings. ACE normal. Total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus normal. Proteinogram: normal. Immunoglobulins and complement normal. CRP 29.2 mg/dl. Lytes serology: VDRL and FTA positive. HIV: negative. - Lumbar puncture on admission: pressure of 20 cm H2O. Biochemistry: leukocytes 1/mm3, glucose 67 mg/dl, protein 0.49 g/l. VDRL: negative. FTA: positive. Toxoplasma IgG positive. Cultures negative. Positive oligoclonal bands. - Chest X-ray: no significant findings. - CT scan of the skull without contrast on admission: bital hypodensity in relation to infarction in the territory of Percheron's artery. - Cranial CT angiography: no significant alterations. - Echo-Doppler ultrasound of TSA: carotid atheromatosis, without significant stenosis. Diagnosis Ischaemic stroke in the territory of the Percheron artery. Neurosyphilis with meningovascular involvement. Dyslipidaemia, non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Treatment The patient received symptomatic and aetiological treatment with triflusal solution 600 mg, as well as high-dose penicillin parenterally. Evolution During admission, the patient remained haemodynamically stable, continued with a low level of consciousness, which improved progressively, alternating with periods of psychomotor agitation, which is why we do not have an MRI. Clinically at the time of diagnosis, the patient had moderate cognitive impairment, with ataxia and internuclear ophthalmoplegia persisting. Comparing the cerebrospinal fluid on admission with the diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid, cellularity and VDRL titres had disappeared.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "58-year-old", "male", "patient", "with", "a", "history", "of", "dyslipidaemia", ",", "non-insulin-dependent", "diabetes", ",", "ischaemic", "stroke", "in", "March", "2011", ",", "with", "ataxia", "and", "bilateral", "internuclear", "ophthalmoplegia", "as", "sequelae", ",", "diagnosed", "with", "neurosyphilis", "with", "meningovascular", "involvement", ",", "with", "positive", "serology", "in", "blood", "and", "CSF", ",", "starting", "treatment", "with", "intramuscular", "penicillin", "G", "benzathine", ".", "He", "abandoned", "the", "controls", "and", "it", "is", "not", "known", "whether", "he", "continued", "with", "the", "prescribed", "antibiotic", "treatment", ".", "The", "day", "before", "admission", ",", "he", "had", "a", "headache", "and", "speech", "impairment", ",", "which", "subsided", "within", "hours", ";", "the", "patient", "went", "to", "bed", "and", ",", "as", "he", "slept", "a", "lot", ",", "his", "wife", "tried", "to", "wake", "him", "up", "without", "success", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Blood", "pressure", ":", "140", "/", "100", "mmHg", ".", "Heart", "rate", ":", "90", "bpm", ".", "Afebrile", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "stuporous", ",", "no", "eye", "opening", ",", "no", "localised", "pain", ".", "No", "speech", ",", "no", "moaning", ".", "Pupils", "miotic", ",", "reactive", "to", "light", ".", "Skewed", "deviation", "of", "gaze", "in", "skew", ",", "divergent", "strabismus", ".", "Oculocephalic", "reflexes", "abolished", ",", "corneal", "reflex", "preserved", ".", "Facial", "grimace", "in", "pain", ".", "Motor", "system", ":", "flaccid", "tetraparesis", ",", "lower", "limbs", "withdrawn", "in", "pain", ".", "Osteotendinous", "reflexes", "abolished", ".", "No", "nuchal", "rigidity", "or", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "Blood", "tests", ".", "Haemoglobin", "14", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "haematocrit", "44", ".", "8", "%", ",", "MCV", "83", ".", "6", "fl", ",", "leukocytes", "8", ",", "080", "/", "mm3", "(", "71", ".", "3", "%", "N", "and", "10", ".", "3", "%", "L", ")", ",", "platelets", "123", ",", "000", "/", "mm3", ".", "ESR", "normal", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "no", "findings", "of", "interest", ".", "Liver", "and", "lipid", "profile", "without", "pathological", "findings", ".", "ACE", "normal", ".", "Total", "protein", ",", "albumin", ",", "calcium", ",", "phosphorus", "normal", ".", "Proteinogram", ":", "normal", ".", "Immunoglobulins", "and", "complement", "normal", ".", "CRP", "29", ".", "2", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Lytes", "serology", ":", "VDRL", "and", "FTA", "positive", ".", "HIV", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "Lumbar", "puncture", "on", "admission", ":", "pressure", "of", "20", "cm", "H2O", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "leukocytes", "1", "/", "mm3", ",", "glucose", "67", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "protein", "0", ".", "49", "g", "/", "l", ".", "VDRL", ":", "negative", ".", "FTA", ":", "positive", ".", "Toxoplasma", "IgG", "positive", ".", "Cultures", "negative", ".", "Positive", "oligoclonal", "bands", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "no", "significant", "findings", ".", "-", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "skull", "without", "contrast", "on", "admission", ":", "bital", "hypodensity", "in", "relation", "to", "infarction", "in", "the", "territory", "of", "Percheron", "'", "s", "artery", ".", "-", "Cranial", "CT", "angiography", ":", "no", "significant", "alterations", ".", "-", "Echo-Doppler", "ultrasound", "of", "TSA", ":", "carotid", "atheromatosis", ",", "without", "significant", "stenosis", ".", "Diagnosis", "Ischaemic", "stroke", "in", "the", "territory", "of", "the", "Percheron", "artery", ".", "Neurosyphilis", "with", "meningovascular", "involvement", ".", "Dyslipidaemia", ",", "non-insulin-dependent", "diabetes", ".", "Treatment", "The", "patient", "received", "symptomatic", "and", "aetiological", "treatment", "with", "triflusal", "solution", "600", "mg", ",", "as", "well", "as", "high-dose", "penicillin", "parenterally", ".", "Evolution", "During", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "haemodynamically", "stable", ",", "continued", "with", "a", "low", "level", "of", "consciousness", ",", "which", "improved", "progressively", ",", "alternating", "with", "periods", "of", "psychomotor", "agitation", ",", "which", "is", "why", "we", "do", "not", "have", "an", "MRI", ".", "Clinically", "at", "the", "time", "of", "diagnosis", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "moderate", "cognitive", "impairment", ",", "with", "ataxia", "and", "internuclear", "ophthalmoplegia", "persisting", ".", "Comparing", "the", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "on", "admission", "with", "the", "diagnostic", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", ",", "cellularity", "and", "VDRL", "titres", "had", "disappeared", "." ]
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en
Patient from Morocco, who had started 2 months previously with left costal pain radiating towards the back, pleuritic, fever of 38oC in the evening and cough with scarce mucous expectoration. He had been to the emergency department on 2 occasions, where only anaemia was found and a chest X-ray showed mediastinal enlargement, and he was referred to the DRU. As the back pain increased in intensity and did not subside with common analgesics, she returned to the emergency department. Initial imaging findings and presumptive diagnosis: ED X-ray: Posterior mediastinal widening and pulmonary involvement with bilateral micronodular pattern. There are two dorsal disc spaces that are not adequately visualised. All this may correspond to spondylodiscitis with paravertebral collections and pulmonary dissemination. Abdominal chest CT scan: lytic lesion in D6 vertebral body also affecting D5-D6 and D7, suggestive of spondylodiscitis accompanied by pulmonary involvement with diffuse micronodulillar pattern. MRI of the spine: spondylodiscitis from D5 to D8 with involvement of the anterior and posterior canal with fracture and crushing of D5 and posterior protrusion of the vertebral body without associated myelopathy. In addition, associated soft tissue involvement compatible with associated paravertebral abscess. Re-reading of the case: When faced with a patient with dorsalgia and fever, we should consider differential diagnoses (TB, Brucellosis, a neoformative process or metastasis). Diagnostic suspicion is confirmed with a positive biopsy of M. Tuberculosis. The micronodular lung pattern resolves after treatment.
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[ { "text": "Patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 0, "end": 7 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1362, "end": 1369 }, { "text": "M. Tuberculosis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1555, "end": 1570 } ]
en
A 33-year-old male patient with a history of Schönlein-Henoch purpura at 16 years of age and plegia of the left arm secondary to traumatic injury to the brachial plexus at 19 years of age, who underwent excision of a chordoma at the craniocervical junction, previously manifested by intense cervicalgia and paraesthesia in the left upper limb (MSI). He had a good immediate evolution after surgery, and was discharged with a descending regimen of dexamethasone. One month later, he was readmitted to the Neurosurgery Department with fever of up to 38.5o, pain in the surgical area and fluctuating collection in the scar area, with no meningeal signs or signs of infection at the surgical wound. In the physical examination, the only notable feature was the limitation of MSI abduction. On admission, previous treatment with corticosteroids was suspended, and a complete blood test was performed, which was normal, with 7,500 leukocytes (60% neutrophils), C-reactive protein 5.6 mg/l and procalcitonin 0.2 ng/ml, as well as a lumbar puncture, whose analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed: 220 cells (80% lymphocytes), protein 105 mg/dl, glucose 21.8 mg/dl. Treatment was started with meropenem (2 g. iv/8 h) and linezolid (600 mg. iv/12 h). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, which showed an isointense collection around the craniotomy area and in the craniocervical hinge, with associated leptomeningeal enhancement and extending to the level corresponding to the lower vertebral plateau of C3, without describing whether the most likely origin was tumoural or infectious remains. The collection was punctured and found to be CSF. The CSF culture was negative. Antibiotic treatment was given for 14 days, during which the patient remained afebrile and asymptomatic. A lumbar puncture was performed at the end of treatment with the following results: 40 leukocytes, protein 93 mg/dl and glucose 1.3 mg/dl. It was at this point that the case was referred to us. Differential diagnosis This was a case of healthcare-related meningitis, the main "guiding factor" available to us being the patient's hypoglycaemia. The main causes of hypoglycorrhoea are: 1. Infectious: bacteria (in principle, CSF glucose less than 18mg/dl is highly suggestive of bacterial meningitis) mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis or Listeria monocytogenes; mycobacteria, fungi or viruses (mumps, enterovirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella Zoster Virus). 2. Meningeal carcinomatosis. 3. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. 4. Sarcoidosis with central nervous system involvement: occurs in 5-25% of patients with systemic involvement, and the most frequent MRI findings are leptomeningeal enhancement due to granulomatous leptomeningitis with fundamental involvement of the basal cisterns, with dilatation of these due to obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Less frequent is the presence of single or multiple intra-axial masses secondary to dissemination of the granulomatous disease. 5. False result due to analytical interference CSF cytology was negative for neoplastic cells. There was no evidence of CSF or MRI bleeding, no focal parenchymal or meningeal lesions, so meningeal carcinomatosis, subarachnoid haemorrhage and sarcoidosis seem unlikely or ruled out as causes of hypoglycorrhoea. On the other hand, no cases of hypoglycaemia secondary to treatment with linezolid or meropenem have been reported so far. CSF was analysed in different kits, and the dilution technique was performed, confirming the hypoglycaemia data and ruling out analytical interference. Therefore, the main aetiology to be ruled out was infectious. Post-surgical meningitis is a rare complication (0.3-1.5%), although of undoubted clinical significance. The differential diagnosis led us to rule out post-surgical aseptic meningitis, given the hypoglycaemia and hyperproteinaemia. Epidemiologically, the main aetiological agents of post-surgical bacterial meningitis or after penetrating brain trauma are staphylococci and facultative aerobic gram-negative bacilli (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In patients with permanent device placement (e.g. ventriculo-peritoneal shunt), infections are mainly caused by germs present on the skin, such as Propionibacterium acnes. Our patient would be included in the first risk group. However, these germs usually cause infection in the immediate postoperative period and are accompanied by clinical severity of the patient and marked elevation of acute phase reactants, unlike our patient, so we thought it had to be another, less common germ. Evolution Since admission, the patient has remained afebrile, presenting only mild cervicalgia, and without elevation of acute phase reactants at any time. Surprisingly, the patient's general condition was good throughout admission: he was smoking a cigarette in the street when we went to visit him. After re-evaluating the patient clinically, and given the discordance between the clinical and analytical results, we decided to perform a new lumbar puncture, which confirmed the hypoglycaemia, elevated protein and lactate levels. The Gram stain showed no microorganisms, but the smear microscopy detected acid-fast bacilli, and the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (GeneXpert MTB/RIF®) was negative. We decided to start treatment with suspected non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infection, with amikacin 1g/day i.m., levofloxacin 500 mg/day v.o. and clarithromycin 500 mg/12 h. v.o. The patient remains afebrile and afebrile. The patient remains afebrile with improvement of initial symptoms. Treatment with amikacin i.m. was discontinued after one month due to intolerance, levofloxacin was discontinued after 46 days of treatment due to bilateral patellar tendinitis (not confirmed by ultrasound, but resolved after discontinuation of the drug) and clarithromycin was maintained for 56 days, discontinued after normalisation of the CSF, which remained without biochemical alterations and with negative microbiological studies in a control performed a month and a half after the end of antibiotic treatment. Final diagnosis Post-surgical meningitis due to atypical mycobacteria, probably fast-growing.
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"meningeal", "signs", "or", "signs", "of", "infection", "at", "the", "surgical", "wound", ".", "In", "the", "physical", "examination", ",", "the", "only", "notable", "feature", "was", "the", "limitation", "of", "MSI", "abduction", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "previous", "treatment", "with", "corticosteroids", "was", "suspended", ",", "and", "a", "complete", "blood", "test", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "normal", ",", "with", "7", ",", "500", "leukocytes", "(", "60", "%", "neutrophils", ")", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", "5", ".", "6", "mg", "/", "l", "and", "procalcitonin", "0", ".", "2", "ng", "/", "ml", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "lumbar", "puncture", ",", "whose", "analysis", "of", "cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "showed", ":", "220", "cells", "(", "80", "%", "lymphocytes", ")", ",", "protein", "105", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "glucose", "21", ".", "8", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "meropenem", "(", "2", "g", ".", "iv", "/", "8", "h", ")", "and", "linezolid", "(", "600", "mg", ".", "iv", "/", "12", "h", ")", ".", "Cranial", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(", "MRI", ")", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "showed", "an", "isointense", "collection", "around", "the", "craniotomy", "area", "and", "in", "the", "craniocervical", "hinge", ",", "with", "associated", "leptomeningeal", "enhancement", "and", "extending", "to", "the", "level", "corresponding", "to", "the", "lower", "vertebral", "plateau", "of", "C3", ",", "without", "describing", "whether", "the", "most", "likely", "origin", "was", "tumoural", "or", "infectious", "remains", ".", "The", "collection", "was", "punctured", "and", "found", "to", "be", "CSF", ".", "The", "CSF", "culture", "was", "negative", ".", "Antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "given", "for", "14", "days", ",", "during", "which", "the", "patient", "remained", "afebrile", "and", "asymptomatic", ".", "A", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", "at", "the", "end", "of", "treatment", "with", "the", "following", "results", ":", "40", "leukocytes", ",", "protein", "93", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "glucose", "1", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "It", "was", "at", "this", "point", "that", "the", "case", "was", "referred", "to", "us", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "This", "was", "a", "case", "of", "healthcare-related", "meningitis", ",", "the", "main", "\"", "guiding", "factor", "\"", "available", "to", "us", "being", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "hypoglycaemia", ".", "The", "main", "causes", "of", "hypoglycorrhoea", "are", ":", "1", ".", "Infectious", ":", "bacteria", "(", "in", "principle", ",", "CSF", "glucose", "less", "than", "18mg", "/", "dl", "is", "highly", "suggestive", "of", "bacterial", "meningitis", ")", "mainly", "Streptococcus", "pneumoniae", ",", "Neisseria", "meningitidis", "or", "Listeria", "monocytogenes", ";", "mycobacteria", ",", "fungi", "or", "viruses", "(", "mumps", ",", "enterovirus", ",", "lymphocytic", "choriomeningitis", ",", "Herpes", "Simplex", "Virus", ",", "Varicella", "Zoster", "Virus", ")", ".", "2", ".", "Meningeal", "carcinomatosis", ".", "3", ".", "Subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", ".", "4", ".", "Sarcoidosis", "with", "central", "nervous", "system", "involvement", ":", "occurs", "in", "5-25", "%", "of", "patients", "with", "systemic", "involvement", ",", "and", "the", "most", "frequent", "MRI", "findings", "are", "leptomeningeal", "enhancement", "due", "to", "granulomatous", "leptomeningitis", "with", "fundamental", "involvement", "of", "the", "basal", "cisterns", ",", "with", "dilatation", "of", "these", "due", "to", "obstruction", "of", "the", "aqueduct", "of", "Sylvius", ".", "Less", "frequent", "is", "the", "presence", "of", "single", "or", "multiple", "intra-axial", "masses", "secondary", "to", "dissemination", "of", "the", "granulomatous", "disease", ".", "5", ".", "False", "result", "due", "to", "analytical", "interference", "CSF", "cytology", "was", "negative", "for", "neoplastic", "cells", ".", "There", "was", "no", "evidence", "of", "CSF", "or", "MRI", "bleeding", ",", "no", "focal", "parenchymal", "or", "meningeal", "lesions", ",", "so", "meningeal", "carcinomatosis", ",", "subarachnoid", "haemorrhage", "and", "sarcoidosis", "seem", "unlikely", "or", "ruled", "out", "as", "causes", "of", "hypoglycorrhoea", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "no", "cases", "of", "hypoglycaemia", "secondary", "to", "treatment", "with", "linezolid", "or", "meropenem", "have", "been", "reported", "so", "far", ".", "CSF", "was", "analysed", "in", "different", "kits", ",", "and", "the", "dilution", "technique", "was", "performed", ",", "confirming", "the", "hypoglycaemia", "data", "and", "ruling", "out", "analytical", "interference", ".", "Therefore", ",", "the", "main", "aetiology", "to", "be", "ruled", "out", "was", "infectious", ".", "Post-surgical", "meningitis", "is", "a", "rare", "complication", "(", "0", ".", "3-1", ".", "5", "%", ")", ",", "although", "of", "undoubted", "clinical", "significance", ".", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", "led", "us", "to", "rule", "out", "post-surgical", "aseptic", "meningitis", ",", "given", "the", "hypoglycaemia", "and", "hyperproteinaemia", ".", "Epidemiologically", ",", "the", "main", "aetiological", "agents", "of", "post-surgical", "bacterial", "meningitis", "or", "after", "penetrating", "brain", "trauma", "are", "staphylococci", "and", "facultative", "aerobic", "gram-negative", "bacilli", "(", "including", "Pseudomonas", "aeruginosa", ")", ".", "In", "patients", "with", "permanent", "device", "placement", "(", "e", ".", "g", ".", "ventriculo-peritoneal", "shunt", ")", ",", "infections", "are", "mainly", "caused", "by", "germs", "present", "on", "the", "skin", ",", "such", "as", "Propionibacterium", "acnes", ".", "Our", "patient", "would", "be", "included", "in", "the", "first", "risk", "group", ".", "However", ",", "these", "germs", "usually", "cause", "infection", "in", "the", "immediate", "postoperative", "period", "and", "are", "accompanied", "by", "clinical", "severity", "of", "the", "patient", "and", "marked", "elevation", "of", "acute", "phase", "reactants", ",", "unlike", "our", "patient", ",", "so", "we", "thought", "it", "had", "to", "be", "another", ",", "less", "common", "germ", ".", "Evolution", "Since", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "has", "remained", "afebrile", ",", "presenting", "only", "mild", "cervicalgia", ",", "and", "without", "elevation", "of", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "at", "any", "time", ".", "Surprisingly", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "general", "condition", "was", "good", "throughout", "admission", ":", "he", "was", "smoking", "a", "cigarette", "in", "the", "street", "when", "we", "went", "to", "visit", "him", ".", "After", "re-evaluating", "the", "patient", "clinically", ",", "and", "given", "the", "discordance", "between", "the", "clinical", "and", "analytical", "results", ",", "we", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "new", "lumbar", "puncture", ",", "which", "confirmed", "the", "hypoglycaemia", ",", "elevated", "protein", "and", "lactate", "levels", ".", "The", "Gram", "stain", "showed", "no", "microorganisms", ",", "but", "the", "smear", "microscopy", "detected", "acid-fast", "bacilli", ",", "and", "the", "detection", "of", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "by", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "(", "PCR", ")", "(", "GeneXpert", "MTB", "/", "RIF", "®", ")", "was", "negative", ".", "We", "decided", "to", "start", "treatment", "with", "suspected", "non-tuberculosis", "mycobacterial", "infection", ",", "with", "amikacin", "1g", "/", "day", "i", ".", "m", ".", ",", "levofloxacin", "500", "mg", "/", "day", "v", ".", "o", ".", "and", "clarithromycin", "500", "mg", "/", "12", "h", ".", "v", ".", "o", ".", "The", "patient", "remains", "afebrile", "and", "afebrile", ".", "The", "patient", "remains", "afebrile", "with", "improvement", "of", "initial", "symptoms", ".", "Treatment", "with", "amikacin", "i", ".", "m", ".", "was", "discontinued", "after", "one", "month", "due", "to", "intolerance", ",", "levofloxacin", "was", "discontinued", "after", "46", "days", "of", "treatment", "due", "to", "bilateral", "patellar", "tendinitis", "(", "not", "confirmed", "by", "ultrasound", ",", "but", "resolved", "after", "discontinuation", "of", "the", "drug", ")", "and", "clarithromycin", "was", "maintained", "for", "56", "days", ",", "discontinued", "after", "normalisation", "of", "the", "CSF", ",", "which", "remained", "without", "biochemical", "alterations", "and", "with", "negative", "microbiological", "studies", "in", "a", "control", "performed", "a", "month", "and", "a", "half", "after", "the", "end", "of", "antibiotic", "treatment", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Post-surgical", "meningitis", "due", "to", "atypical", "mycobacteria", ",", "probably", "fast-growing", "." ]
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en
Male, 42 years old. - MC/AEA: Cough, expectoration and fever (4 days of evolution). - APP: Chronic kidney disease. Renal transplant recipient (15 years). - Laboratory: Cytology, normal. Urea: 82 mg/dl (VN:10-50 mg /dl). Creatinine: 2 mg/100ml (VN: 0.5 -1.5 mg/100ml). Swab: positive for Influenza A virus. 17-05-16 Chest X-ray: multiple confluent, bilateral and symmetrical nodular opacities, not involving costophrenic sinuses. 17-05-16 Profile chest X-ray: no pleural effusion in declivities, costophrenic sinuses free. 17-05-16 Chest CT scan, axial section, pulmonary window, bilateral and symmetrical confluent nodular opacities with ground-glass areas, centrilobular opacities. 17-05-16 Chest CT scan, axial section, pulmonary window, showing bilateral and symmetrical confluent nodular opacities, with areas of ground glass, centrilobular opacities. 17/5/16: THORAX CT SCAN Chest CT scan, coronal section, pulmonary window, showing a characteristic distribution of opacities, predominantly in the upper lobes and respecting the lung bases. Chest CT scan, axial section, mediastinal window, no adenopathies are observed, some tracheal calcifications are visualised. Hospitalisation/interconsultation with Infectious Diseases: Treatment ATB: Ampicillin / sulbactam Clarithromycin Antiviral: oseltamivir. Evolution: Sputum sample: not suitable for culture. No acid-alcohol resistant microorganisms were observed. Blood cultures negative. X-rays without significant changes in relation to previous ones. 23/5/16: Discharge with improvement of clinical symptoms. Continued outpatient treatment: oseltamivivir and levofloxacin (5 days). 6/6/16: RX control (20 days) 16/6/16: control CT scan (30 days)Clinically: Patient asymptomatic. CORONAL MIP 17/5/16 PATIENT WITH SYMPTOMS CORONAL MIP 16/6/16 ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT POST-TREATMENT 17/6/16: Whole body bone scintigraphy (SPECT) (MEDRONATE TC-99) Tracer uptake in both lungs (lung calcifications) 17/6/16: Thyroid and parathyroid ultrasound scan Enlarged left parathyroid FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Diffuse Metastatic Pulmonary Calcifications
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en
A 72-year-old man with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia presented to the emergency department with dyspnoea, fever and chills, of approximately one week's duration. He had received outpatient symptomatic treatment with azithromycin for a possible upper respiratory tract infection; he then tested positive for COVID-19. On admission, his vital signs were temperature (T) 36.7°C, pulse 91 bpm, respiratory rate 28 bpm, blood pressure 120/78 mmHg. A course of hydroxychloroquine was started. A chest X-ray showed minimal and ill-defined bibasal opacities. Initial arterial blood gases were relevant for an arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of 53 mmHg and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 88% on room air. Minimal improvement was observed with nasal cannula oxygen therapy; a 50% Venturi mask was applied. On day 2 of hospitalisation, the patient showed increasing shortness of breath, with saturation in the lower 80 range, so he was switched to high-flow nasal cannula at 60% and 40 L/min. Over the next few days he did not improve and required 100% oxygen and 60 L/min to maintain SpO2 above 90. With increasing dyspnoea and fatigue and SpO2 around 85, despite maximal support by high-flow nasal cannula, it was decided to intubate the patient on day 8 of hospitalisation. Two days later, oxygenation had not improved, despite maximal ventilation with pressure-relieving ventilation, prone position and paralysis. The PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio was between 51 and 72. Because of his age, he could not be placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and it was decided to initiate treatment with tPA. His pre-treatment D-dimer and fibrinogen values were 2.16 ug/mL and 654 mg/dL, respectively. About 24 hours after APt infusion, his P/F ratio increased to 76 (69 pre-treatment) and his oxygenation requirements dropped to a FiO2 of 80%. D-dimer initially increased to 9.57 ug/mL. His P/F ratio continued to increase daily, with decreasing oxygen requirements; on post-treatment day 5 it reached 121, a 175% increase over pre-treatment values. D-dimer decreased to 1.9 ug/mL. Ventilation was downgraded from pressure-relieved ventilation to volume-guaranteed pressure-controlled ventilation and weaning was eliminated. On post-treatment day 8, pressure requirements decreased to 18 and his P/F ratio increased to 127. On post-treatment day 12, the patient successfully passed a PPC test and the following day he could be extubated and switched to high-flow nasal cannula. He was subsequently transferred to the ward with nasal cannula oxygen therapy.
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en
Anamnesis After the third cycle, he was admitted for grade 3 diarrhoea and non-neutropenic fever on day +6 secondary to left basal pneumonia, isolating Streptococcus mitis group in blood cultures in all the flasks extracted. During his stay on the ward, he was re-evaluated by CT scan showing a partial response at the hepatic level, so it was decided, together with General Surgery, to request hepatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to plan surgery to remove the lesions. After being discharged at the end of August, he required early readmission, with clinical manifestations consisting of dyspnoea at rest and evidence of biventricular heart failure. Physical examination Physical examination revealed a diastolic murmur in the aortic focus and a third heart tone, as well as bilateral crackles that made cardiac auscultation quite difficult and significant bilateral oedema with fovea. Complementary tests A transthoracic echocardiogram was requested which documented aortic valve endocarditis leading to severe aortic insufficiency with secondary acute pulmonary oedema. Diagnosis Infective endocarditis on native aortic valve secondary to Streptococcus sanguinis. Treatment He was assessed by Cardiovascular Surgery and underwent urgent aortic valve replacement in September 2016. In the culture of the valve lesion, Streptococcus sanguinis was isolated, and appropriate antibiotic treatment was administered. Evolution As complications during the postoperative period, he presented with radicular cystitis assessed by the Urology Department, requiring transfusions of blood products and continuous bladder lavage. Urine cytology and cystoscopy were performed with no evidence of malignancy or lesions. He was discharged and, following a decision by the multidisciplinary committee, a resection of segment II and VIII liver metastases was performed in December 2016 without incident. After postoperative recovery and documentation of the absence of systemic disease in body CT, adjuvant treatment with oxaliplatin-capecitabine (XELOX) was completed for 6 cycles, presenting only grade 1 neurotoxicity. Treatment was completed in June 2017 and body CT was requested, and the absence of disease persisted, which is why he is currently under review.
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[ { "text": "Streptococcus mitis group", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 152, "end": 177 }, { "text": "Streptococcus sanguinis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1159, "end": 1182 }, { "text": "Streptococcus sanguinis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1338, "end": 1361 } ]
en
A 41-year-old man with no toxic habits and a history of lactose intolerance, diagnosed in 2003 with Crohn's disease with an inflammatory pattern and ileal involvement, which had started two years earlier with an episode of uveitis. He is currently in clinical remission without any maintenance treatment. For the last two months he has had an upper respiratory tract cold, accompanied in the last few days by cough, whitish expectoration and fever of 38oC. Initially diagnosed with right basal pneumonia, he was treated with antibiotics and mucolytics with little improvement. He subsequently presented with dyspnoea, purulent expectoration, asthenia and loss of 8-10 kg. After failing to improve, he was referred to hospital and admitted to the pneumology department. Physical examination revealed pale skin, Ta: 37.2 oC and pulmonary auscultation with crackles in the right base. -Complementary examinations: - Systematic: ESR: 66 mm 1 hour, leukocytes: 6,900/ul with normal formula, red blood cells: 4,570,000/ul; Hb: 11.9 g/dl; Hto: 35.6%; platelets: 366,000/ul. Biochemistry: no significant findings. Coagulation: normal. O2 sat: 95%. - Blood cultures negative for anaerobes and aerobes. HIV serology: negative. Sputum bacteriology negative. Urine bacterial Ag: negative for pneumococcus and legionella. - Chest X-ray on admission: alveolar infiltrates in the right base and minimal infiltrates in the left base, which in subsequent radiological controls became migratory to segment 6, also affecting the right middle lobe. Days later, condensation was observed in the right upper lobe, reducing the basal infiltrates. - Spirometry: FVC: 2.52 l (56%); FEV1: 2.23 l (60%); FEV1/VC: 78%; MMEF25-75: 1.96 l (46%): non-obstructive ventilatory failure. - Chest CT: extensive parenchymal consolidation in the right upper lobe; consolidation in resolution and volume loss in the right middle lobe; consolidation in partial resolution in the right lower lobe with image of alveolar infiltrate and image in partial resolution in the posterior segment of the left upper lobe. - Following the results, fibrobronchoscopy was performed with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (BTB): no endoluminal lesions or mucosal alteration were observed. BAL microbiology: normal upper airway flora with negative culture of Legionella, Gram, BAAR and fungi. BAL: 80 cells/mm3, 65% macrophages, 25% lymphocytes (increased), 5% eosinophils and 5% PMN. Lymphocyte populations: CD4/CD8 ratio: 0.87. Transbronchial biopsy: widened interalveolar septa due to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Alveolar cell hyperplasia with pneumocyte desquamation at the lumen and PAS-negative granular exudate. Myxoid granulation tissue emerging from terminal bronchi into the lumen. No granulomatous lesions or hyaline membranes. All of the above is compatible with organised pneumonia with bronchiolitis obliterans. Treatment with prednisone at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was started, and the fever subsided and the rest of the symptoms improved. At one month and three months the patient is asymptomatic and radiological controls are normal.
[ "A", "41-year-old", "man", "with", "no", "toxic", "habits", "and", "a", "history", "of", "lactose", "intolerance", ",", "diagnosed", "in", "2003", "with", "Crohn", "'", "s", "disease", "with", "an", "inflammatory", "pattern", "and", "ileal", "involvement", ",", "which", "had", "started", "two", "years", "earlier", "with", "an", "episode", "of", "uveitis", ".", "He", "is", "currently", "in", "clinical", "remission", "without", "any", "maintenance", "treatment", ".", "For", "the", "last", "two", "months", "he", "has", "had", "an", "upper", "respiratory", "tract", "cold", ",", "accompanied", "in", "the", "last", "few", "days", "by", "cough", ",", "whitish", "expectoration", "and", "fever", "of", "38oC", ".", "Initially", "diagnosed", "with", "right", "basal", "pneumonia", ",", "he", "was", "treated", "with", "antibiotics", "and", "mucolytics", "with", "little", "improvement", ".", "He", "subsequently", "presented", "with", "dyspnoea", ",", "purulent", "expectoration", ",", "asthenia", "and", "loss", "of", "8-10", "kg", ".", "After", "failing", "to", "improve", ",", "he", "was", "referred", "to", "hospital", "and", "admitted", "to", "the", "pneumology", "department", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "pale", "skin", ",", "Ta", ":", "37", ".", "2", "oC", "and", "pulmonary", "auscultation", "with", "crackles", "in", "the", "right", "base", ".", "-", "Complementary", "examinations", ":", "-", "Systematic", ":", "ESR", ":", "66", "mm", "1", "hour", ",", "leukocytes", ":", "6", ",", "900", "/", "ul", "with", "normal", "formula", ",", "red", "blood", "cells", ":", "4", ",", "570", ",", "000", "/", "ul", ";", "Hb", ":", "11", ".", "9", "g", "/", "dl", ";", "Hto", ":", "35", ".", "6", "%", ";", "platelets", ":", "366", ",", "000", "/", "ul", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "no", "significant", "findings", ".", "Coagulation", ":", "normal", ".", "O2", "sat", ":", "95", "%", ".", "-", "Blood", "cultures", "negative", "for", "anaerobes", "and", "aerobes", ".", "HIV", "serology", ":", "negative", ".", "Sputum", "bacteriology", "negative", ".", "Urine", "bacterial", "Ag", ":", "negative", "for", "pneumococcus", "and", "legionella", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", "on", "admission", ":", "alveolar", "infiltrates", "in", "the", "right", "base", "and", "minimal", "infiltrates", "in", "the", "left", "base", ",", "which", "in", "subsequent", "radiological", "controls", "became", "migratory", "to", "segment", "6", ",", "also", "affecting", "the", "right", "middle", "lobe", ".", "Days", "later", ",", "condensation", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", ",", "reducing", "the", "basal", "infiltrates", ".", "-", "Spirometry", ":", "FVC", ":", "2", ".", "52", "l", "(", "56", "%", ")", ";", "FEV1", ":", "2", ".", "23", "l", "(", "60", "%", ")", ";", "FEV1", "/", "VC", ":", "78", "%", ";", "MMEF25-75", ":", "1", ".", "96", "l", "(", "46", "%", ")", ":", "non-obstructive", "ventilatory", "failure", ".", "-", "Chest", "CT", ":", "extensive", "parenchymal", "consolidation", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", ";", "consolidation", "in", "resolution", "and", "volume", "loss", "in", "the", "right", "middle", "lobe", ";", "consolidation", "in", "partial", "resolution", "in", "the", "right", "lower", "lobe", "with", "image", "of", "alveolar", "infiltrate", "and", "image", "in", "partial", "resolution", "in", "the", "posterior", "segment", "of", "the", "left", "upper", "lobe", ".", "-", "Following", "the", "results", ",", "fibrobronchoscopy", "was", "performed", "with", "bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "(", "BAL", ")", "and", "transbronchial", "biopsy", "(", "BTB", ")", ":", "no", "endoluminal", "lesions", "or", "mucosal", "alteration", "were", "observed", ".", "BAL", "microbiology", ":", "normal", "upper", "airway", "flora", "with", "negative", "culture", "of", "Legionella", ",", "Gram", ",", "BAAR", "and", "fungi", ".", "BAL", ":", "80", "cells", "/", "mm3", ",", "65", "%", "macrophages", ",", "25", "%", "lymphocytes", "(", "increased", ")", ",", "5", "%", "eosinophils", "and", "5", "%", "PMN", ".", "Lymphocyte", "populations", ":", "CD4", "/", "CD8", "ratio", ":", "0", ".", "87", ".", "Transbronchial", "biopsy", ":", "widened", "interalveolar", "septa", "due", "to", "chronic", "inflammation", "and", "fibrosis", ".", "Alveolar", "cell", "hyperplasia", "with", "pneumocyte", "desquamation", "at", "the", "lumen", "and", "PAS-negative", "granular", "exudate", ".", "Myxoid", "granulation", "tissue", "emerging", "from", "terminal", "bronchi", "into", "the", "lumen", ".", "No", "granulomatous", "lesions", "or", "hyaline", "membranes", ".", "All", "of", "the", "above", "is", "compatible", "with", "organised", "pneumonia", "with", "bronchiolitis", "obliterans", ".", "Treatment", "with", "prednisone", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "1", "mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "was", "started", ",", "and", "the", "fever", "subsided", "and", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "symptoms", "improved", ".", "At", "one", "month", "and", "three", "months", "the", "patient", "is", "asymptomatic", "and", "radiological", "controls", "are", "normal", "." ]
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[ { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1193, "end": 1196 }, { "text": "bacterial", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1253, "end": 1262 }, { "text": "legionella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1297, "end": 1307 }, { "text": "pneumococcus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1280, "end": 1292 }, { "text": "bacteriology", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1224, "end": 1236 } ]
en
Personal history The patient lives with his parents and is in the second year of high school. He has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) since childhood (6-7 years), having been on treatment with methylphenidate 10 mg/day until about two months ago, when his paediatrician withdrew it due to the clinical remission of his ADHD symptoms and he was discharged from the hospital. Paediatric history: pregnancy and birth were normal, physical development was adequate. At the age of 3 he attended a public school where the child "was not at ease, as he was punished a lot" and his performance was average. He performed well in primary school. In the third year of primary school he was taken to a psychologist because his parents noticed that he was very nervous and restless. At the age of 9 he started treatment with methylphenidate. During the years of compulsory secondary education, his performance was quite acceptable, getting A's and B's in most subjects, notably improving school coexistence, reducing his hyperactivity and improving his attention. Toxicological history He reports having used cannabis for the first time at the age of 14, very occasionally ("one puff") until now. He also acknowledges alcohol consumption on some weekends (2-3 cubalibres when he goes out). He does not use tobacco and has never tried cocaine, hallucinogens or other intoxicants. The mother confirms this information. Family history No pathologies of interest. He has a sister two years older than him. Current history Two months ago, when he was with some friends, he drank a "Red Bull" with whisky and then smoked about 6 puffs of a joint, an amount higher than what he usually consumes. He describes that he then started to laugh and felt subjectively well, but quickly started to feel unpleasant sensations and went to vomit. He then began to feel an intense sense of anguish, with palpitations, a sense of impending death, hearing people talking as if slowing down, a sense of strangeness and unreality, feeling that people were addressing him, others thought he was the devil, he felt very frightened by the idea that he might be dead and that friends thought he was dead. He also felt that people were "coming at him" with ideas of harm. He did not report any auditory or other sensory hallucinations and estimates that the symptoms lasted for one hour. For this reason, he went to the emergency room of our hospital. In the emergency report of that day, it is noted that he was no longer taking methylphenidate and that he attended for a picture of psychomotor agitation that subsided with the administration of haloperidol. He refers to the fact that during the period of cannabis intoxication he presented delirious ideation of a mystical nature, which he later partially criticised. The examination on that day highlighted anxiety, with no evidence of affective symptoms, sensory-perceptual disorders or cognitive alterations. The physical and neurological examination, electrocardiogram and laboratory tests were normal. The detection of toxins in urine was positive for cannabis only. On discharge he presented adequate criticism of delirious ideation, was diagnosed with cannabis intoxication and was referred to the Drug Dependency Care Centre. After this episode he was well, he did not use cannabis again, which is confirmed by the mother. Two months after this episode, without using cannabis, he again suddenly presented the same symptoms as in the previous episode. While travelling, he began to feel "accelerated", to think that the people around him "could be diabolical", that he "was the centre of everything", that others were watching him even though there was no one around him, with the idea that he could be dead and suffering from the consequences of this, such as the suffering of his parents. This caused him intense anguish. He again had the feeling that others were speaking more slowly. He experienced as his own thoughts that people were laughing at him, that they were playing with his life, that others were hinting that he would regret what happened. At the time of the examination, anguish predominated, at that time no sensory-perceptual or thought content alterations were observed, he was partially critical of the sensations he had suffered and showed an intense fear that the symptoms might be repeated. Complementary examinations were normal and no toxins were detected in urine. He was diagnosed with a flashback episode related to cannabis consumption and anxiolytics were prescribed.
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"was", "average", ".", "He", "performed", "well", "in", "primary", "school", ".", "In", "the", "third", "year", "of", "primary", "school", "he", "was", "taken", "to", "a", "psychologist", "because", "his", "parents", "noticed", "that", "he", "was", "very", "nervous", "and", "restless", ".", "At", "the", "age", "of", "9", "he", "started", "treatment", "with", "methylphenidate", ".", "During", "the", "years", "of", "compulsory", "secondary", "education", ",", "his", "performance", "was", "quite", "acceptable", ",", "getting", "A", "'", "s", "and", "B", "'", "s", "in", "most", "subjects", ",", "notably", "improving", "school", "coexistence", ",", "reducing", "his", "hyperactivity", "and", "improving", "his", "attention", ".", "Toxicological", "history", "He", "reports", "having", "used", "cannabis", "for", "the", "first", "time", "at", "the", "age", "of", "14", ",", "very", "occasionally", "(", "\"", "one", "puff", "\"", ")", "until", "now", ".", "He", "also", "acknowledges", "alcohol", "consumption", "on", "some", "weekends", "(", "2-3", "cubalibres", "when", "he", "goes", "out", ")", ".", "He", "does", "not", "use", "tobacco", "and", "has", "never", "tried", "cocaine", ",", "hallucinogens", "or", "other", "intoxicants", ".", "The", "mother", "confirms", "this", "information", ".", "Family", "history", "No", "pathologies", "of", "interest", ".", "He", "has", "a", "sister", "two", "years", "older", "than", "him", ".", "Current", "history", "Two", "months", "ago", ",", "when", "he", "was", "with", "some", "friends", ",", "he", "drank", "a", "\"", "Red", "Bull", "\"", "with", "whisky", "and", "then", "smoked", "about", "6", "puffs", "of", "a", "joint", ",", "an", "amount", "higher", "than", "what", "he", "usually", "consumes", ".", "He", "describes", "that", "he", "then", "started", "to", "laugh", "and", "felt", "subjectively", "well", ",", "but", "quickly", "started", "to", "feel", "unpleasant", "sensations", "and", "went", "to", "vomit", ".", "He", "then", "began", "to", "feel", "an", "intense", "sense", "of", "anguish", ",", "with", "palpitations", ",", "a", "sense", "of", "impending", "death", ",", "hearing", "people", "talking", "as", "if", "slowing", "down", ",", "a", "sense", "of", "strangeness", "and", "unreality", ",", "feeling", "that", "people", "were", "addressing", "him", ",", "others", "thought", "he", "was", "the", "devil", ",", "he", "felt", "very", "frightened", "by", "the", "idea", "that", "he", "might", "be", "dead", "and", "that", "friends", "thought", "he", "was", "dead", ".", "He", "also", "felt", "that", "people", "were", "\"", "coming", "at", "him", "\"", "with", "ideas", "of", "harm", ".", "He", "did", "not", "report", "any", "auditory", "or", "other", "sensory", "hallucinations", "and", "estimates", "that", "the", "symptoms", "lasted", "for", "one", "hour", ".", "For", "this", "reason", ",", "he", "went", "to", "the", "emergency", "room", "of", "our", "hospital", ".", "In", "the", "emergency", "report", "of", "that", "day", ",", "it", "is", "noted", "that", "he", "was", "no", "longer", "taking", "methylphenidate", "and", "that", "he", "attended", "for", "a", "picture", "of", "psychomotor", "agitation", "that", "subsided", "with", "the", "administration", "of", "haloperidol", ".", "He", "refers", "to", "the", "fact", "that", "during", "the", "period", "of", "cannabis", "intoxication", "he", "presented", "delirious", "ideation", "of", "a", "mystical", "nature", ",", "which", "he", "later", "partially", "criticised", ".", "The", "examination", "on", "that", "day", "highlighted", "anxiety", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "affective", "symptoms", ",", "sensory-perceptual", "disorders", "or", "cognitive", "alterations", ".", "The", "physical", "and", "neurological", "examination", ",", "electrocardiogram", "and", "laboratory", "tests", "were", "normal", ".", "The", "detection", "of", "toxins", "in", "urine", "was", "positive", "for", "cannabis", "only", ".", "On", "discharge", "he", "presented", "adequate", "criticism", "of", "delirious", "ideation", ",", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "cannabis", "intoxication", "and", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "Drug", "Dependency", "Care", "Centre", ".", "After", "this", "episode", "he", "was", "well", ",", "he", "did", "not", "use", "cannabis", "again", ",", "which", "is", "confirmed", "by", "the", "mother", ".", "Two", "months", "after", "this", "episode", ",", "without", "using", "cannabis", ",", "he", "again", "suddenly", "presented", "the", "same", "symptoms", "as", "in", "the", "previous", "episode", ".", "While", "travelling", ",", "he", "began", "to", "feel", "\"", "accelerated", "\"", ",", "to", "think", "that", "the", "people", "around", "him", "\"", "could", "be", "diabolical", "\"", ",", "that", "he", "\"", "was", "the", "centre", "of", "everything", "\"", ",", "that", "others", "were", "watching", "him", "even", "though", "there", "was", "no", "one", "around", "him", ",", "with", "the", "idea", "that", "he", "could", "be", "dead", "and", "suffering", "from", "the", "consequences", "of", "this", ",", "such", "as", "the", "suffering", "of", "his", "parents", ".", "This", "caused", "him", "intense", "anguish", ".", "He", "again", "had", "the", "feeling", "that", "others", "were", "speaking", "more", "slowly", ".", "He", "experienced", "as", "his", "own", "thoughts", "that", "people", "were", "laughing", "at", "him", ",", "that", "they", "were", "playing", "with", "his", "life", ",", "that", "others", "were", "hinting", "that", "he", "would", "regret", "what", "happened", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "the", "examination", ",", "anguish", "predominated", ",", "at", "that", "time", "no", "sensory-perceptual", "or", "thought", "content", "alterations", "were", "observed", ",", "he", "was", "partially", "critical", "of", "the", "sensations", "he", "had", "suffered", "and", "showed", "an", "intense", "fear", "that", "the", "symptoms", "might", "be", "repeated", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "were", "normal", "and", "no", "toxins", "were", "detected", "in", "urine", ".", "He", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "a", "flashback", "episode", "related", "to", "cannabis", "consumption", "and", "anxiolytics", "were", "prescribed", "." ]
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en
A ten-year-old boy, with no personal history of interest, came to the emergency department of the primary care centre with abdominal pain of four hours' duration, fever of 40°C, vomiting of food and diarrhoea with traces of mucus. Abdominal examination revealed diffuse abdominal pain, slightly more in the right iliac fossa, with signs of peritoneal irritation. Blood tests showed 12,200 leukocytes/μl (91% neutrophils) and slightly elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). The patient was referred to the nearest hospital with the suspicion of an acute abdomen for further investigation. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, showing a tubular image, aperistaltic and incompressible with the transducer, compatible with acute appendicitis. It was decided to perform surgery, after receiving informed consent from the parents, and an appendectomy was performed, during which a cecal appendix with mild inflammatory signs was observed. The postoperative course was torpid, with persistent fever (38.8°C), generalised abdominal pain without peritonism, vomiting and diarrhoea. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed dilatation of the small bowel loops, suggesting incomplete obstruction. The CBC continues to show leukocytosis with left shift and elevated C-reactive protein. Given the incongruence of the patient's symptoms and the operative findings, it was decided to opt for conservative treatment, a stool culture was performed and empirical antibiotherapy was started while awaiting the results of the stool culture, which showed Campylobacter jejuni sensitive to gentamicin. Antibiotic treatment with gentamicin was started, with which the patient's evolution was satisfactory, as the clinical picture resolved and the patient was discharged ten days after surgery. The anatomopathological study of the cecal appendix was reported as cecal appendix with inflammatory signs.
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en
The patient was 72 years old, smoker of 2 packs a day for 30 years, with a doubtful allergy to diclofenac, with a history of gastric ulcer, ischaemic heart disease with an episode of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension and CPAP treatment for sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. He also had Spiriva, Formodual, allopurinol and amlodipine as his usual medication. She came to the emergency department for two episodes of haemoptotic expectoration, without fever, chest pain or other accompanying symptoms. Physical examination showed no abnormalities, except for slight crackles in both bases on pulmonary auscultation. The emergency laboratory tests showed no abnormalities, and the chest X-ray showed an image with increased left periaortic density with deflected edges, and blood cultures isolated a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, so the patient was admitted to internal medicine to complete the study. Once admitted, thoracic-abdominal angioTAC is requested in which it is observed in the distal segment of the aortic arch the existence of a contained aortic rupture, with peripheral enhancement and area of parenchymal infiltration in the lung, suggesting the existence of a mycotic aneurysm with contained aortic rupture, With the diagnosis of infectious aneurysm in left aortic arch, treatment is started with gentamicin and cloxacillin, echocardiogram is performed, where no images suggestive of vegetations are shown, with mild tricuspid insufficiency, mild mitral, PSAP within normal, preserved systolic function, normal LVEF. Surgical intervention was decided in which the left subclavian artery was ligated, which was subsequently anastomosed with the left carotid artery, and subsequently a distal endoprosthesis was placed via the femoral artery, with optimal results. During the rest of the hospital stay, the patient was afebrile, without haemoptotic expectoration, the urine culture showed the usual flora, and the BAAR was negative. Subsequently, a control thoracic CT scan was performed, in which patency of the remnant of the primitive subclavian artery was observed, no defects of the endoprosthesis were evident, and the patient was stable and asymptomatic at the present time.
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en
A girl aged 1 year and 9 months started to suffer from diarrhoea and vomiting 3-4 times a day, irritability, classified as gastroenteritis. The symptoms subside with the exception of irritability, so she goes to the emergency department (ED) of the hospital 72 hours after onset. FIRST VISIT TO THE ED (72 hours) Reason for consultation: colicky abdominal pain. Physical examination Weight: 9.5 kg, Temperature: 36.5 oC, BEG, NH, NC, decreased but with adequate peripheral perfusion. No rash or petechiae. No alterations in the rest of the examination. Complementary tests: Urine sediment: negative. CBC: leukocytes 13400/ml (N45%, L 45%, M8%), Hb 13.6 gr/dl, Hcto 40%, platelets 478000/ml. Biochemistry: glucose, ions, urea and creatinine normal. CRP < 0.3 mg/dl. Abdominal X-ray: no abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasound: multiple lymph nodes of 3-5 mm in FID of reactive-inflammatory aspect. No images suggestive of intestinal invagination. Evolution: She remained under observation for 20 hours and was discharged after ruling out abdominal pathology. During her stay, episodes of colicky abdominal pain were observed with hyperextension of the trunk and neck with lateral deviation, but without abnormal movement of the extremities, disconnection from the environment, or a blank stare. Diagnosis: Post-enteritis non-specific abdominal pain vs Sandifer's syndrome. Treatment: Soft diet, paracetamol conditional to fever or pain and lansoprazole 15mg c/24h, and control by his paediatrician. SECOND SU VISIT (4th day) Due to persistent irritability, he went to the emergency department again, 24 hours after the previous visit, finding hyperemia in the right tympanum, with no other findings, so acute otitis media was diagnosed, and amoxicillin -clavulanic acid at 80mg/kg/day was indicated. The patient improved clinically for a few days, but then resumed the irritation and episodes of cervical hyperextension. On the 20th day after the onset of the process, vomiting was added, which became more intense, so she went to the emergency department. THIRD VISIT SU (20th day) Patient presenting with emetic syndrome. Clinical examination with signs of moderate dehydration, with no other significant findings, peripheral cannulation, expansion with saline solution, fluid therapy and administration of ranitidine and ondansetron iv. Complementary tests: normal haemogram and biochemistry. She began oral tolerance, first to liquids and finally to solids, so she was discharged with a soft diet, oral rehydration, lansoprazole 15mg/day and evaluation by her paediatrician at 24 hours. After 24 hours, she was evaluated by the primary care paediatrician who observed an episode of opisthotonos without loss of consciousness, and referred her to the emergency department for hospitalisation. HOSPITALISATION (DAY 21) Personal history Pregnancy: controlled, without complications- Delivery: full term (39+5 weeks gestational age), euthecal- Apgar: 9/10- Type I resuscitation- Weight NB: 3160 g- Length NB: 47 cm- Perimeter: 40 cm- Weight NB: 47 cm- Length RN: 47 cm- Length RN: 47 cm- Length RN: 47 cm- Length RN: 47 cm- Length RN: 47 cm Length NB: 47 cm- Head circumference NB: 32 cm- Head circumference NB: 32 cm- Feeding: Breastfeeding until 9 months- Complementary feeding regulated by his paediatrician, no intolerances or allergies. Psychomotor development: normal. Vaccinations: complete current calendar for his age- Previous illnesses: no known allergies- No other illnesses of interest- No other illnesses of interest- Family history Family history No contributory family history PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Weight: 9.1 Kg Ta: 36.8 oC - HR: 120 bpm- BP: 95/55 mmHg- SatO2: 98 %- Good general condition- Good colouring, hydration and perfusion. Adequate nutrition- Skin: No rashes or petechiae- Cardiac auscultation: normal- Pulmonary auscultation: normal- Abdomen soft, depressible, not painful, no masses or visceromegaly palpable- Neurological: Conscious and oriented with irritability on examination. Pupils isochoric and normoreactive. Pairs centred and symmetrical. Slightly decreased strength, normal tone. ROT present and symmetrical, not exalted. Position with hyperextension of the neck and trunk but easily flexed, not meningeal. No ataxia. No signs of neurological focality. -ORL: normal-. COMPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS Haemogram: 9,560 leukocytes/mmc (47.0%N, 39.1%L, 13.3%M, 0.3%E, 0.3%B); 4,900,000 red cells/mmc, Hb:12.6 g/dl, Hto: 38.9%. MCV: 80.0 fl; RDW: 13.7; 340,000 platelets/mmc. Blood biochemistry: Glucose: 64 mg/dl. Sodium: 138 mmol/l. Potassium: 4.4 mmol/l. Chloride: 101 mmol/l. Calcium: 5.0 mg/dl. Creatinine: 0.11 mg/dl. Urea: 19 mg/dl. GPT: 23 IU/l. Lactate: 1.6 mmol/l. C-reactive protein: <0.3 mg/dl. Venous blood gases: pH: 7.39, PCO2: 39.4 mmHg, CO3H: 23.2 mmol/l, EB: -1.0 mmol/l. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study: CSF clear and transparent. After extraction of 15 ml of CSF, a pressure of 12 cm H2O was obtained.leucocytes: 1/mm3 . Glucose: 50 mg/dl. Protein: 28.1 mg/dl. Lactate: 1.2 mmol/l.- Urine systemic: pH: 1.2 mmol/l. Urine systemic: pH: 5.5, Density: 1.015, ketone bodies: 15 mg/dl, rest negative. Microbiology: -Blood culture: Absence of growth at discharge. -CSF Gram stain: No forms compatible with microorganisms were observed. -CSF culture: negative. -CSF serology for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomagalovirus, Herpes Simplex I and II: negative. Cranial CT: No midline shift. Ventricular system of normal size and morphology. No parenchymal densitometric alterations were observed. Brain and spinal MRI: No alterations. Ophthalmology consultation: fundus examination, under mydriasis, normal. No signs of papillary oedema or other alterations were observed at the present time. EVOLUTION Admission for observation and study of neurological symptoms, The fundus examination was normal, with no evidence of papilledema. After performing a complete MRI of the skull and spine, a lumbar puncture was performed, finding an elevated pressure (12 cm H2O) and normal cytobiochemical and microbiological tests. 24-48 hours after the procedure, there was a notable clinical improvement with disappearance of all the symptoms and signs reported in this episode. On the fourth day of hospitalisation, he began with abundant nasal mucus. Weight at discharge: 9,360 grams FINAL DIAGNOSIS Idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
[ "A", "girl", "aged", "1", "year", "and", "9", "months", "started", "to", "suffer", "from", "diarrhoea", "and", "vomiting", "3-4", "times", "a", "day", ",", "irritability", ",", "classified", "as", "gastroenteritis", ".", "The", "symptoms", "subside", "with", "the", "exception", "of", "irritability", ",", "so", "she", "goes", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "(", "ED", ")", "of", "the", "hospital", "72", "hours", "after", "onset", ".", "FIRST", "VISIT", "TO", "THE", "ED", "(", "72", "hours", ")", "Reason", "for", "consultation", ":", "colicky", "abdominal", "pain", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Weight", ":", "9", ".", "5", "kg", ",", "Temperature", ":", "36", ".", "5", "oC", ",", "BEG", ",", "NH", ",", "NC", ",", "decreased", "but", "with", "adequate", "peripheral", "perfusion", ".", "No", "rash", "or", "petechiae", ".", "No", "alterations", "in", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", ".", "Complementary", "tests", ":", "Urine", "sediment", ":", "negative", ".", "CBC", ":", "leukocytes", "13400", "/", "ml", "(", "N45", "%", ",", "L", "45", "%", ",", "M8", "%", ")", ",", "Hb", "13", ".", "6", "gr", "/", "dl", ",", "Hcto", "40", "%", ",", "platelets", "478000", "/", "ml", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "glucose", ",", "ions", ",", "urea", "and", "creatinine", "normal", ".", "CRP", "<", "0", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Abdominal", "X-ray", ":", "no", "abnormalities", ".", "Abdominal", "ultrasound", ":", "multiple", "lymph", "nodes", "of", "3-5", "mm", "in", "FID", "of", "reactive-inflammatory", "aspect", ".", "No", "images", "suggestive", "of", "intestinal", "invagination", ".", "Evolution", ":", "She", "remained", "under", "observation", "for", "20", "hours", "and", "was", "discharged", "after", "ruling", "out", "abdominal", "pathology", ".", "During", "her", "stay", ",", "episodes", "of", "colicky", "abdominal", "pain", "were", "observed", "with", "hyperextension", "of", "the", "trunk", "and", "neck", "with", "lateral", "deviation", ",", "but", "without", "abnormal", "movement", "of", "the", "extremities", ",", "disconnection", "from", "the", "environment", ",", "or", "a", "blank", "stare", ".", "Diagnosis", ":", "Post-enteritis", "non-specific", "abdominal", "pain", "vs", "Sandifer", "'", "s", "syndrome", ".", "Treatment", ":", "Soft", "diet", ",", "paracetamol", "conditional", "to", "fever", "or", "pain", "and", "lansoprazole", "15mg", "c", "/", "24h", ",", "and", "control", "by", "his", "paediatrician", ".", "SECOND", "SU", "VISIT", "(", "4th", "day", ")", "Due", "to", "persistent", "irritability", ",", "he", "went", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "again", ",", "24", "hours", "after", "the", "previous", "visit", ",", "finding", "hyperemia", "in", "the", "right", "tympanum", ",", "with", "no", "other", "findings", ",", "so", "acute", "otitis", "media", "was", "diagnosed", ",", "and", "amoxicillin", "-", "clavulanic", "acid", "at", "80mg", "/", "kg", "/", "day", "was", "indicated", ".", "The", "patient", "improved", "clinically", "for", "a", "few", "days", ",", "but", "then", "resumed", "the", "irritation", "and", "episodes", "of", "cervical", "hyperextension", ".", "On", "the", "20th", "day", "after", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "process", ",", "vomiting", "was", "added", ",", "which", "became", "more", "intense", ",", "so", "she", "went", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", ".", "THIRD", "VISIT", "SU", "(", "20th", "day", ")", "Patient", "presenting", "with", "emetic", "syndrome", ".", "Clinical", "examination", "with", "signs", "of", "moderate", "dehydration", ",", "with", "no", "other", "significant", "findings", ",", "peripheral", "cannulation", ",", "expansion", "with", "saline", "solution", ",", "fluid", "therapy", "and", "administration", "of", "ranitidine", "and", "ondansetron", "iv", ".", "Complementary", "tests", ":", "normal", "haemogram", "and", "biochemistry", ".", "She", "began", "oral", "tolerance", ",", "first", "to", "liquids", "and", "finally", "to", "solids", ",", "so", "she", "was", "discharged", "with", "a", "soft", "diet", ",", "oral", "rehydration", ",", "lansoprazole", "15mg", "/", "day", "and", "evaluation", "by", "her", "paediatrician", "at", "24", "hours", ".", "After", "24", "hours", ",", "she", "was", "evaluated", "by", "the", "primary", "care", "paediatrician", "who", "observed", "an", "episode", "of", "opisthotonos", "without", "loss", "of", "consciousness", ",", "and", "referred", "her", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "for", "hospitalisation", ".", "HOSPITALISATION", "(", "DAY", "21", ")", "Personal", "history", "Pregnancy", ":", "controlled", ",", "without", "complications", "-", "Delivery", ":", "full", "term", "(", "39", "+", "5", "weeks", "gestational", "age", ")", ",", "euthecal", "-", "Apgar", ":", "9", "/", "10", "-", "Type", "I", "resuscitation", "-", "Weight", "NB", ":", "3160", "g", "-", "Length", "NB", ":", "47", "cm", "-", "Perimeter", ":", "40", "cm", "-", "Weight", "NB", ":", "47", "cm", "-", "Length", "RN", ":", "47", "cm", "-", "Length", "RN", ":", "47", "cm", "-", "Length", "RN", ":", "47", "cm", "-", "Length", "RN", ":", "47", "cm", "-", "Length", "RN", ":", "47", "cm", "Length", "NB", ":", "47", "cm", "-", "Head", "circumference", "NB", ":", "32", "cm", "-", "Head", "circumference", "NB", ":", "32", "cm", "-", "Feeding", ":", "Breastfeeding", "until", "9", "months", "-", "Complementary", "feeding", "regulated", "by", "his", "paediatrician", ",", "no", "intolerances", "or", "allergies", ".", "Psychomotor", "development", ":", "normal", ".", "Vaccinations", ":", "complete", "current", "calendar", "for", "his", "age", "-", "Previous", "illnesses", ":", "no", "known", "allergies", "-", "No", "other", "illnesses", "of", "interest", "-", "No", "other", "illnesses", "of", "interest", "-", "Family", "history", "Family", "history", "No", "contributory", "family", "history", "PHYSICAL", "EXAMINATION", "Weight", ":", "9", ".", "1", "Kg", "Ta", ":", "36", ".", "8", "oC", "-", "HR", ":", "120", "bpm", "-", "BP", ":", "95", "/", "55", "mmHg", "-", "SatO2", ":", "98", "%", "-", "Good", "general", "condition", "-", "Good", "colouring", ",", "hydration", "and", "perfusion", ".", "Adequate", "nutrition", "-", "Skin", ":", "No", "rashes", "or", "petechiae", "-", "Cardiac", "auscultation", ":", "normal", "-", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "normal", "-", "Abdomen", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "not", "painful", ",", "no", "masses", "or", "visceromegaly", "palpable", "-", "Neurological", ":", "Conscious", "and", "oriented", "with", "irritability", "on", "examination", ".", "Pupils", "isochoric", "and", "normoreactive", ".", "Pairs", "centred", "and", "symmetrical", ".", "Slightly", "decreased", "strength", ",", "normal", "tone", ".", "ROT", "present", "and", "symmetrical", ",", "not", "exalted", ".", "Position", "with", "hyperextension", "of", "the", "neck", "and", "trunk", "but", "easily", "flexed", ",", "not", "meningeal", ".", "No", "ataxia", ".", "No", "signs", "of", "neurological", "focality", ".", "-", "ORL", ":", "normal", "-", ".", "COMPLEMENTARY", "EXAMINATIONS", "Haemogram", ":", "9", ",", "560", "leukocytes", "/", "mmc", "(", "47", ".", "0", "%", "N", ",", "39", ".", "1", "%", "L", ",", "13", ".", "3", "%", "M", ",", "0", ".", "3", "%", "E", ",", "0", ".", "3", "%", "B", ")", ";", "4", ",", "900", ",", "000", "red", "cells", "/", "mmc", ",", "Hb", ":", "12", ".", "6", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "Hto", ":", "38", ".", "9", "%", ".", "MCV", ":", "80", ".", "0", "fl", ";", "RDW", ":", "13", ".", "7", ";", "340", ",", "000", "platelets", "/", "mmc", ".", "Blood", "biochemistry", ":", "Glucose", ":", "64", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Sodium", ":", "138", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Potassium", ":", "4", ".", "4", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Chloride", ":", "101", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Calcium", ":", "5", ".", "0", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Creatinine", ":", "0", ".", "11", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Urea", ":", "19", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "GPT", ":", "23", "IU", "/", "l", ".", "Lactate", ":", "1", ".", "6", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "C-reactive", "protein", ":", "<", "0", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Venous", "blood", "gases", ":", "pH", ":", "7", ".", "39", ",", "PCO2", ":", "39", ".", "4", "mmHg", ",", "CO3H", ":", "23", ".", "2", "mmol", "/", "l", ",", "EB", ":", "-", "1", ".", "0", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Cerebrospinal", "fluid", "(", "CSF", ")", "study", ":", "CSF", "clear", "and", "transparent", ".", "After", "extraction", "of", "15", "ml", "of", "CSF", ",", "a", "pressure", "of", "12", "cm", "H2O", "was", "obtained", ".", "leucocytes", ":", "1", "/", "mm3", ".", "Glucose", ":", "50", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Protein", ":", "28", ".", "1", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Lactate", ":", "1", ".", "2", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "-", "Urine", "systemic", ":", "pH", ":", "1", ".", "2", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Urine", "systemic", ":", "pH", ":", "5", ".", "5", ",", "Density", ":", "1", ".", "015", ",", "ketone", "bodies", ":", "15", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "rest", "negative", ".", "Microbiology", ":", "-", "Blood", "culture", ":", "Absence", "of", "growth", "at", "discharge", ".", "-", "CSF", "Gram", "stain", ":", "No", "forms", "compatible", "with", "microorganisms", "were", "observed", ".", "-", "CSF", "culture", ":", "negative", ".", "-", "CSF", "serology", "for", "Mycoplasma", "pneumoniae", ",", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", ",", "Cytomagalovirus", ",", "Herpes", "Simplex", "I", "and", "II", ":", "negative", ".", "Cranial", "CT", ":", "No", "midline", "shift", ".", "Ventricular", "system", "of", "normal", "size", "and", "morphology", ".", "No", "parenchymal", "densitometric", "alterations", "were", "observed", ".", "Brain", "and", "spinal", "MRI", ":", "No", "alterations", ".", "Ophthalmology", "consultation", ":", "fundus", "examination", ",", "under", "mydriasis", ",", "normal", ".", "No", "signs", "of", "papillary", "oedema", "or", "other", "alterations", "were", "observed", "at", "the", "present", "time", ".", "EVOLUTION", "Admission", "for", "observation", "and", "study", "of", "neurological", "symptoms", ",", "The", "fundus", "examination", "was", "normal", ",", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "papilledema", ".", "After", "performing", "a", "complete", "MRI", "of", "the", "skull", "and", "spine", ",", "a", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "performed", ",", "finding", "an", "elevated", "pressure", "(", "12", "cm", "H2O", ")", "and", "normal", "cytobiochemical", "and", "microbiological", "tests", ".", "24-48", "hours", "after", "the", "procedure", ",", "there", "was", "a", "notable", "clinical", "improvement", "with", "disappearance", "of", "all", "the", "symptoms", "and", "signs", "reported", "in", "this", "episode", ".", "On", "the", "fourth", "day", "of", "hospitalisation", ",", "he", "began", "with", "abundant", "nasal", "mucus", ".", "Weight", "at", "discharge", ":", "9", ",", "360", "grams", "FINAL", "DIAGNOSIS", "Idiopathic", "intracranial", "hypertension", "." ]
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en
Personal history and current medical history This is a 58-year-old man with a personal history of hypertension and hyperuricaemia with gout crisis. Known chronic renal failure since July 2012. L5-S1 disc herniation. Admitted from CCEE Infectious with a diagnosis of fever of unknown origin of prolonged duration. For five months he had had a low-grade fever of up to 38oC, of intermittent onset, with no symptoms due to equipment. No relevant epidemiological history except contact with a correctly vaccinated dog. On the day of admission, she consulted again, reporting continued fever of up to 2-3 days per week, with mild epigastralgia and some isolated vomiting in recent days, so it was decided to admit her for further investigation. Physical examination On arrival he was in good general condition, conscious and oriented. Good hydration of skin and mucous membranes. Eupneic at rest, blood pressure 125/68 mmHg. No palpable adenopathy or goitre. Cardiac auscultation was rhythmic, without murmurs or extratonos. Pulmonary murmur was good with no additional pathological sounds. The abdomen was soft, depressible, without megaliths, with slight discomfort on palpation at the epigastric level. No oedema in the lower limbs or signs of deep vein thrombosis. No neck stiffness or skin lesions. ENT examination with no findings. Initial complementary tests The tests performed on our patient in the Infectious Diseases ward were as follows: Blood count: haemoglobin 11 mg/dL, haematocrit 35%, mean corpuscular volume 93.6 fL, leukocytes 6890 cells/mm3 with normal differential formula and normal platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 59 mm/h. Biochemistry: creatinine 1.23 mg/dl, urea 53.3 mg/dl, liver function, pancreatic function, lipid profile and thyroid hormones within normal range. Immunoglobulins and proteinogram normal. Rheumatoid factor IgM, antinuclear antibodies, tumour markers and smear negative. Serial blood cultures and faecal occult blood negative. Rose Bengal, toxoplasma serology, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, luetic serology, HIV, atypical mycobacteria, Bartonella, leishmania, Legionella and pneumococcus antigenuria negative. As for imaging tests, an ultrasound scan of the abdomen was initially performed, showing probable hepatic steatosis, simple cyst (18*15 mm) in segment II, III and IV. Enlarged prostate with calcification in its thickness secondary to previous prostatitis. In the chest/abdomen CT scan, the most noteworthy finding was the presence of supracardial mediastinal adenopathies (the largest at the pretracheal and retrocaval level with an axis of 8.5 mm, other smaller ones at the prevascular level and at the level of the aortopulmonary window. Bilateral hilar adenopathies (the largest on the left) with an axis of 1 cm without parenchymal alteration. At the abdominal level there was slight hepatomegaly with small cystic formations compatible with biliary cysts, slight splenomegaly. Small retrocrural, mesenteric and retroperitoneal adenopathies of insignificant size. Echocardiography showed no evidence of vegetations. A referral was made to haematology for evaluation of the bone marrow study, due to the presence of generalised lymphadenopathies, but this was not carried out as there was no impression of an infiltrative process due to the peripheral blood findings. A blood test was requested to study anaemia. Initial evolution During his admission to the ward he had a favourable evolution, with a fever peak of 38oC on only one occasion. On discharge, asymptomatic and afebrile, referred to the Infectious Diseases Department for evolutionary control, pending the results of the pathological anatomy of the biopsy, scheduling the study according to the findings. Initial clinical judgement Prolonged intermittent fever with no focal point and generalised lymphadenopathy under study. Duodenal mucosal lesions pending pathological diagnosis. Differential diagnosis When faced with a patient with prolonged fever of unknown (defined, as occasional fever greater than 38.3°C for three weeks or greater than 37.5°C consistently for 2 weeks without diagnosis after tests have been performed during one week of hospitalisation) we have to take into account four groups in terms of aetiologies: - Infectious: abdominal and pelvic abscesses, biliary tract infection, tuberculosis, endocarditis, prostatitis, spondylitis, osteomyelitis, dental/brain abscesses, cytomegalovirus infections, Epstein-Barr virus, Whipple's disease, brucellosis, Q fever, murine typhus, yersinia infection, chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella, leptospirosis, borreliosis, malaria, visceral leishmaniasis. .. - Neoplasms: atrial myxoma, colon carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, lung carcinoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, lymphomas, liver tumours, pancreatic carcinoma, hypernephroma, disseminated carcinomatosis, metastasis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis .... Systemic disease: large cell arteritis, Still's disease, drug hypersensitivity vasculitis, panarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus, mixed connective tissue disease, ankylosing spondylitis, Takayasu's arteritis, Behçet's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis... - Miscellaneous: Sarcoidosis, idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, familial Mediterranean fever, drugs, acute alcoholic hepatitis, thyroiditis/hyperthyroidism, occult haematomas, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Kikuchi disease, Castleman's disease, hypertriglyceridaemia, Fabry and Gaucher disease, central hyperthermia, factitious and self-induced fever, circadian rhythm disorders... In our case, different aetiologies were ruled out, based on the patient's history, clinical manifestations by organs and apparatus, and according to the results obtained from both laboratory and imaging techniques. Final diagnostic test Upper endoscopy: stomach, pylorus and bulb within normal limits. Moderate oedema with multiple whitish rice-grain deposits in the second duodenal portion. A biopsy was taken. Final diagnosis Given the results of the duodenal biopsy, we can conclude that we are dealing with a case of Whipple's disease. Final evolution Once the anatomical pathology results were conclusive, the patient was informed and admission was decided to start intravenous treatment with Ceftriaxone (2 g iv/day) for 2 weeks, followed by oral treatment with Trimetropin-Sulfamethoxazole (160/800 mg 2 tablets/12 hours). The patient has been reviewed in consultation, being the last one in April 2013 (after 14 months of treatment) finding the patient asymptomatic and remission of fever, it is decided to end antibiotic treatment, it is planned to carry out a control Upper Digestive Endoscopy in July 2013.
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"markers", "and", "smear", "negative", ".", "Serial", "blood", "cultures", "and", "faecal", "occult", "blood", "negative", ".", "Rose", "Bengal", ",", "toxoplasma", "serology", ",", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", ",", "luetic", "serology", ",", "HIV", ",", "atypical", "mycobacteria", ",", "Bartonella", ",", "leishmania", ",", "Legionella", "and", "pneumococcus", "antigenuria", "negative", ".", "As", "for", "imaging", "tests", ",", "an", "ultrasound", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "was", "initially", "performed", ",", "showing", "probable", "hepatic", "steatosis", ",", "simple", "cyst", "(", "18", "*", "15", "mm", ")", "in", "segment", "II", ",", "III", "and", "IV", ".", "Enlarged", "prostate", "with", "calcification", "in", "its", "thickness", "secondary", "to", "previous", "prostatitis", ".", "In", "the", "chest", "/", "abdomen", "CT", "scan", ",", "the", "most", "noteworthy", "finding", "was", "the", "presence", "of", "supracardial", "mediastinal", "adenopathies", "(", "the", "largest", "at", "the", "pretracheal", "and", "retrocaval", "level", "with", "an", "axis", "of", "8", ".", "5", "mm", ",", "other", "smaller", "ones", "at", "the", "prevascular", "level", "and", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "aortopulmonary", "window", ".", "Bilateral", "hilar", "adenopathies", "(", "the", "largest", "on", "the", "left", ")", "with", "an", "axis", "of", "1", "cm", "without", "parenchymal", "alteration", ".", "At", "the", "abdominal", "level", "there", "was", "slight", "hepatomegaly", "with", "small", "cystic", "formations", "compatible", "with", "biliary", "cysts", ",", "slight", "splenomegaly", ".", "Small", "retrocrural", ",", "mesenteric", "and", "retroperitoneal", "adenopathies", "of", "insignificant", "size", ".", "Echocardiography", "showed", "no", "evidence", "of", "vegetations", ".", "A", "referral", "was", "made", "to", "haematology", "for", "evaluation", "of", "the", "bone", "marrow", "study", ",", "due", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "generalised", "lymphadenopathies", ",", "but", "this", "was", "not", "carried", "out", "as", "there", "was", "no", "impression", "of", "an", "infiltrative", "process", "due", "to", "the", "peripheral", "blood", "findings", ".", "A", "blood", "test", "was", "requested", "to", "study", "anaemia", ".", "Initial", "evolution", "During", "his", "admission", "to", "the", "ward", "he", "had", "a", "favourable", "evolution", ",", "with", "a", "fever", "peak", "of", "38oC", "on", "only", "one", "occasion", ".", "On", "discharge", ",", "asymptomatic", "and", "afebrile", ",", "referred", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "Department", "for", "evolutionary", "control", ",", "pending", "the", "results", "of", "the", "pathological", "anatomy", "of", "the", "biopsy", ",", "scheduling", "the", "study", "according", "to", "the", "findings", ".", "Initial", "clinical", "judgement", "Prolonged", "intermittent", "fever", "with", "no", "focal", "point", "and", "generalised", "lymphadenopathy", "under", "study", ".", "Duodenal", "mucosal", "lesions", "pending", "pathological", "diagnosis", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "When", "faced", "with", "a", "patient", "with", "prolonged", "fever", "of", "unknown", "(", "defined", ",", "as", "occasional", "fever", "greater", "than", "38", ".", "3", "°", "C", "for", "three", "weeks", "or", "greater", "than", "37", ".", "5", "°", "C", "consistently", "for", "2", "weeks", "without", "diagnosis", "after", "tests", "have", "been", "performed", "during", "one", "week", "of", "hospitalisation", ")", "we", "have", "to", "take", "into", "account", "four", "groups", "in", "terms", "of", "aetiologies", ":", "-", "Infectious", ":", "abdominal", "and", "pelvic", "abscesses", ",", "biliary", "tract", "infection", ",", "tuberculosis", ",", "endocarditis", ",", "prostatitis", ",", "spondylitis", ",", "osteomyelitis", ",", "dental", "/", "brain", "abscesses", ",", "cytomegalovirus", "infections", ",", "Epstein-Barr", "virus", ",", "Whipple", "'", "s", "disease", ",", "brucellosis", ",", "Q", "fever", ",", "murine", "typhus", ",", "yersinia", "infection", ",", "chlamydia", ",", "mycoplasma", ",", "legionella", ",", "leptospirosis", ",", "borreliosis", ",", "malaria", ",", "visceral", "leishmaniasis", ".", ".", ".", "-", "Neoplasms", ":", "atrial", "myxoma", ",", "colon", "carcinoma", ",", "Kaposi", "'", "s", "sarcoma", ",", "lung", "carcinoma", ",", "multiple", "myeloma", ",", "sarcoma", ",", "lymphomas", ",", "liver", "tumours", ",", "pancreatic", "carcinoma", ",", "hypernephroma", ",", "disseminated", "carcinomatosis", ",", "metastasis", ",", "lymphomatoid", "granulomatosis", ".", ".", ".", ".", "Systemic", "disease", ":", "large", "cell", "arteritis", ",", "Still", "'", "s", "disease", ",", "drug", "hypersensitivity", "vasculitis", ",", "panarteritis", "nodosa", ",", "systemic", "lupus", ",", "mixed", "connective", "tissue", "disease", ",", "ankylosing", "spondylitis", ",", "Takayasu", "'", "s", "arteritis", ",", "Behçet", "'", "s", "disease", ",", "Wegener", "'", "s", "granulomatosis", ".", ".", ".", "-", "Miscellaneous", ":", "Sarcoidosis", ",", "idiopathic", "granulomatous", "hepatitis", ",", "inflammatory", "bowel", "disease", ",", "familial", "Mediterranean", "fever", ",", "drugs", ",", "acute", "alcoholic", "hepatitis", ",", "thyroiditis", "/", "hyperthyroidism", ",", "occult", "haematomas", ",", "hypersensitivity", "pneumonitis", ",", "Kikuchi", "disease", ",", "Castleman", "'", "s", "disease", ",", "hypertriglyceridaemia", ",", "Fabry", "and", "Gaucher", "disease", ",", "central", "hyperthermia", ",", "factitious", "and", "self-induced", "fever", ",", "circadian", "rhythm", "disorders", ".", ".", ".", "In", "our", "case", ",", "different", "aetiologies", "were", "ruled", "out", ",", "based", "on", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "history", ",", "clinical", "manifestations", "by", "organs", "and", "apparatus", ",", "and", "according", "to", "the", "results", "obtained", "from", "both", "laboratory", "and", "imaging", "techniques", ".", "Final", "diagnostic", "test", "Upper", "endoscopy", ":", "stomach", ",", "pylorus", "and", "bulb", "within", "normal", "limits", ".", "Moderate", "oedema", "with", "multiple", "whitish", "rice-grain", "deposits", "in", "the", "second", "duodenal", "portion", ".", "A", "biopsy", "was", "taken", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Given", "the", "results", "of", "the", "duodenal", "biopsy", ",", "we", "can", "conclude", "that", "we", "are", "dealing", "with", "a", "case", "of", "Whipple", "'", "s", "disease", ".", "Final", "evolution", "Once", "the", "anatomical", "pathology", "results", "were", "conclusive", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "informed", "and", "admission", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "intravenous", "treatment", "with", "Ceftriaxone", "(", "2", "g", "iv", "/", "day", ")", "for", "2", "weeks", ",", "followed", "by", "oral", "treatment", "with", "Trimetropin-Sulfamethoxazole", "(", "160", "/", "800", "mg", "2", "tablets", "/", "12", "hours", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "has", "been", "reviewed", "in", "consultation", ",", "being", "the", "last", "one", "in", "April", "2013", "(", "after", "14", "months", "of", "treatment", ")", "finding", "the", "patient", "asymptomatic", "and", "remission", "of", "fever", ",", "it", "is", "decided", "to", "end", "antibiotic", "treatment", ",", "it", "is", "planned", "to", "carry", "out", "a", "control", "Upper", "Digestive", "Endoscopy", "in", "July", "2013", "." ]
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en
A 30-year-old man, who one month before his admission presented with cough, headache and progressive dyspnoea on exertion. Two weeks later, the patient presented with mucopurulent expectoration and fever of 38oC. He consulted his doctor who prescribed treatment with amoxicillin and later moxifloxacin and tiotropium bromide. He consulted the emergency department for dyspnoea at rest, severe retrosternal pain and palpitations. He was a non-smoker and had a history of bronchial asthma, which he treated with inhaled salbutamol. On physical examination he presented with A.T.: 110/70 mmHg, 37.5o C, he was conscious, tachypnoeic, sweating, with no jugular engorgement. Pulmonary auscultation showed diffuse bilateral crackles and cardiac auscultation showed rhythmic, rapid tones without murmurs or extratonos. The abdomen was soft and depressible with no organomegaly. There was no oedema in the extremities and peripheral pulses were preserved. Laboratory tests showed 18,500 leukocytes with left shift, haemoglobin 16.3 grams/dl, 474,000 platelets, prothrombin activity 73%. D-dimer 920 mg/dl. Baseline arterial blood gases: pH 7.53, pO2 47 mmHg, pCO2 23 mmHg, CO3H 19.2 mmol/l. Normal biochemistry including troponin and CPK. Chest X-ray showed severe cardiomegaly and a bilateral interstitial pattern. In view of these findings, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed showing severe pericardial effusion, with no evidence of tamponade and a left ventricle of normal dimensions. Admission to the intensive care unit, with treatment with furosemide, levofloxacin, acetylsalicylic acid and non-invasive mechanical ventilation. A new echocardiogram showed signs of tamponade, so a pericardiocentesis was performed, obtaining one litre of serohaematic fluid, with the following biochemical characteristics: LDH 2353 U/l, protein 5.3 gr, 9855 cells with 98% polymorphonuclear. Seven days later, he was transferred to the Internal Medicine Department where the study to determine the aetiology of the pericardial effusion and the interstitial pattern was initiated, and the following tests were performed: antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, Mantoux, negative. The thyroid profile was normal. Pericardial fluid culture was negative, as were three blood cultures. Pathological anatomy of the pericardial fluid was reported as intense acute inflammation and clusters of mesothelial cells with reactive-looking atypia, being negative for malignant cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was found to be elevated 21.53 ng/ml. In addition, serologies for human immunodeficiency virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr and Chlamydia pneumoniae were negative except for IgM to cytomegalovirus which was positive. A chest CT scan showed two pathologically sized mediastinal adenopathies of pretracheal location measuring approximately 19 x 15 mm and 18 x 17 mm respectively, and a slightly larger bilateral pleural effusion on the right side. A pulmonary window showed bilateral and diffuse alterations of the lung parenchyma with an interstitial pattern of nodular septal reticulum and lobular centre with areas of patchy alveolar condensation predominantly distributed in the apical segment of the lower lobes and both upper lobes. Bronchoscopy was performed, observing upper airways, vocal cords and trachea without alterations, there was a widening in the subcarinal area. The bronchial tree showed no alterations. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in the apical segment of the culmen, but the examination had to be suspended due to poor tolerance, and neither puncture of the adenopathies nor transbronchial biopsy could be performed. The pathological anatomy of the lavage revealed abundant macrophages and epithelial groups with reactive atypia, compatible with type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, secondary to acute lung damage. It was thought that he might have diffuse interstitial lung disease (DIDD) due to the anatomopathological, clinical and radiological features. The first possibility was eosinophilic pneumonia due to the presence of eosinophilia in peripheral blood, and treatment was started with prednisone 1 mg/kg body weight, with favourable evolution, and the patient was discharged 25 days after admission, without fever or dyspnoea. Seven days later, he presented again with a cough with mucous expectoration and later haemoptysis. Chest X-ray showed no changes, so a chest CT scan was performed, which revealed a ground glass pattern and a moderate bilateral pleural effusion. It was decided to perform a lung biopsy to obtain the diagnosis. The report was diffuse lymphatic permeation (following a nodular interstitial pattern) by a well-differentiated acinar-papillary adenocarcinoma with abundant psammoma bodies. Cells with malignant cytological features compatible with adenocarcinoma were observed in the pleural fluid. Histochemical tests confirmed the pulmonary origin of the adenocarcinoma. She is currently undergoing chemotherapy with the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine. Two cycles have been administered so far, so we do not yet have data on the possible response.
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",", "serologies", "for", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", ",", "Mycoplasma", "pneumoniae", ",", "cytomegalovirus", ",", "Epstein", "Barr", "and", "Chlamydia", "pneumoniae", "were", "negative", "except", "for", "IgM", "to", "cytomegalovirus", "which", "was", "positive", ".", "A", "chest", "CT", "scan", "showed", "two", "pathologically", "sized", "mediastinal", "adenopathies", "of", "pretracheal", "location", "measuring", "approximately", "19", "x", "15", "mm", "and", "18", "x", "17", "mm", "respectively", ",", "and", "a", "slightly", "larger", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", "on", "the", "right", "side", ".", "A", "pulmonary", "window", "showed", "bilateral", "and", "diffuse", "alterations", "of", "the", "lung", "parenchyma", "with", "an", "interstitial", "pattern", "of", "nodular", "septal", "reticulum", "and", "lobular", "centre", "with", "areas", "of", "patchy", "alveolar", "condensation", "predominantly", "distributed", "in", "the", "apical", "segment", "of", "the", "lower", "lobes", "and", "both", "upper", "lobes", ".", "Bronchoscopy", "was", "performed", ",", "observing", "upper", "airways", ",", "vocal", "cords", "and", "trachea", "without", "alterations", ",", "there", "was", "a", "widening", "in", "the", "subcarinal", "area", ".", "The", "bronchial", "tree", "showed", "no", "alterations", ".", "Bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "was", "performed", "in", "the", "apical", "segment", "of", "the", "culmen", ",", "but", "the", "examination", "had", "to", "be", "suspended", "due", "to", "poor", "tolerance", ",", "and", "neither", "puncture", "of", "the", "adenopathies", "nor", "transbronchial", "biopsy", "could", "be", "performed", ".", "The", "pathological", "anatomy", "of", "the", "lavage", "revealed", "abundant", "macrophages", "and", "epithelial", "groups", "with", "reactive", "atypia", ",", "compatible", "with", "type", "II", "pneumocyte", "hyperplasia", ",", "secondary", "to", "acute", "lung", "damage", ".", "It", "was", "thought", "that", "he", "might", "have", "diffuse", "interstitial", "lung", "disease", "(", "DIDD", ")", "due", "to", "the", "anatomopathological", ",", "clinical", "and", "radiological", "features", ".", "The", "first", "possibility", "was", "eosinophilic", "pneumonia", "due", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "eosinophilia", "in", "peripheral", "blood", ",", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "prednisone", "1", "mg", "/", "kg", "body", "weight", ",", "with", "favourable", "evolution", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "25", "days", "after", "admission", ",", "without", "fever", "or", "dyspnoea", ".", "Seven", "days", "later", ",", "he", "presented", "again", "with", "a", "cough", "with", "mucous", "expectoration", "and", "later", "haemoptysis", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "no", "changes", ",", "so", "a", "chest", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "revealed", "a", "ground", "glass", "pattern", "and", "a", "moderate", "bilateral", "pleural", "effusion", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "lung", "biopsy", "to", "obtain", "the", "diagnosis", ".", "The", "report", "was", "diffuse", "lymphatic", "permeation", "(", "following", "a", "nodular", "interstitial", "pattern", ")", "by", "a", "well-differentiated", "acinar-papillary", "adenocarcinoma", "with", "abundant", "psammoma", "bodies", ".", "Cells", "with", "malignant", "cytological", "features", "compatible", "with", "adenocarcinoma", "were", "observed", "in", "the", "pleural", "fluid", ".", "Histochemical", "tests", "confirmed", "the", "pulmonary", "origin", "of", "the", "adenocarcinoma", ".", "She", "is", "currently", "undergoing", "chemotherapy", "with", "the", "combination", "of", "cisplatin", "and", "gemcitabine", ".", "Two", "cycles", "have", "been", "administered", "so", "far", ",", "so", "we", "do", "not", "yet", "have", "data", "on", "the", "possible", "response", "." ]
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en
We present the case of a 73-year-old male patient with AP of high-grade stage 1 bladder carcinoma treated with intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The patient had received the last dose 2 weeks prior to admission. He had presented fever and chills for 4 days and was treated empirically with ciprofloxacin without improvement. The patient had a temperature of 38.2oC, BP 132/78 mmHg, HR68, baseline spO2 97%. Physical examination showed slight positive right renal percussion fist percussion with no other relevant findings. Laboratory tests showed a slight leukocytosis (13800 leukocytes) with neutrophilia of 81%. He had mild normochromic normochromic anaemia, creatinine 1.3 mg/dl, LDH 450U/l, CRP 10 and other biochemical parameters were normal. Urinalysis revealed slight leukocyturia with negative nitrites and slight microscopic haematuria. Urine and blood cultures were negative. Chest X-ray showed no parenchymal abnormalities. Empirical treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was started and the patient maintained fever peaks. After 5 days, blood and urine tests were repeated and the CRP remained elevated, but leukocytes were normal. Microscopic haematuria persisted in the urine with disappearance of leucocyturia. Blood and urine cultures were again negative. Renal ultrasound showed kidneys with globose parenchyma with no evidence of lithiasis, hydronephrosis or space-occupying lesions. In view of these findings, an abdominopelvic CT scan was performed, which revealed multiple hypodense areas in the right kidney of dubious origin (infectious, ischaemic, neoplastic), and the radiologist recommended an MRI scan to complete the study. The MRI of the abdomen (Figure 1) shows a globose right kidney with oedema involving the perirenal fat and Gerota's fascia, with multiple areas of heterogeneous enhancement of the renal parenchyma, with diffusion restriction, aspects that correspond to multiple areas of pyelonephritis. Given these findings, treatment was started with piperacillin/tazobactam at a dose of 4.5 g every 8 hours and a new urine analysis was requested with Ziehlg-Neelsen staining, Löwensteing-Jensen culture and conventional culture, which were again negative. On the 5th day of treatment and due to the lack of clinical and analytical response, blood and urine samples were sent to the laboratory of the Ricardo Jorge Institute in Lisbon to perform the in-house PCR technique. The DNA of M.tuberculosis bovis by PCR was positive in blood and urine. Treatment was started with isoniazid (300mg per day), rifampicin (600mg per day), pyrazinamide (1200mg per day) and streptomycin (1 day). On the 5th day the fever disappeared and after 3 weeks the CRP normalised. One month later the patient is asymptomatic and the pathological images have disappeared in the MRI examination. Differential Diagnosis In our case, the differential diagnosis was posed with a metastatic neoplastic process secondary to his underlying disease, a renal infarction and an infectious process secondary to treatment.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "73-year-old", "male", "patient", "with", "AP", "of", "high-grade", "stage", "1", "bladder", "carcinoma", "treated", "with", "intravesical", "instillations", "of", "bacillus", "Calmette-Guérin", "(", "BCG", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "received", "the", "last", "dose", "2", "weeks", "prior", "to", "admission", ".", "He", "had", "presented", "fever", "and", "chills", "for", "4", "days", "and", "was", "treated", "empirically", "with", "ciprofloxacin", "without", "improvement", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "a", "temperature", "of", "38", ".", "2oC", ",", "BP", "132", "/", "78", "mmHg", ",", "HR68", ",", "baseline", "spO2", "97", "%", ".", "Physical", "examination", "showed", "slight", "positive", "right", "renal", "percussion", "fist", "percussion", "with", "no", "other", "relevant", "findings", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "a", "slight", "leukocytosis", "(", "13800", "leukocytes", ")", "with", "neutrophilia", "of", "81", "%", ".", "He", "had", "mild", "normochromic", "normochromic", "anaemia", ",", "creatinine", "1", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "LDH", "450U", "/", "l", ",", "CRP", "10", "and", "other", "biochemical", "parameters", "were", "normal", ".", "Urinalysis", "revealed", "slight", "leukocyturia", "with", "negative", "nitrites", "and", "slight", "microscopic", "haematuria", ".", "Urine", "and", "blood", "cultures", "were", "negative", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "showed", "no", "parenchymal", "abnormalities", ".", "Empirical", "treatment", "with", "amoxicillin", "/", "clavulanic", "acid", "was", "started", "and", "the", "patient", "maintained", "fever", "peaks", ".", "After", "5", "days", ",", "blood", "and", "urine", "tests", "were", "repeated", "and", "the", "CRP", "remained", "elevated", ",", "but", "leukocytes", "were", "normal", ".", "Microscopic", "haematuria", "persisted", "in", "the", "urine", "with", "disappearance", "of", "leucocyturia", ".", "Blood", "and", "urine", "cultures", "were", "again", "negative", ".", "Renal", "ultrasound", "showed", "kidneys", "with", "globose", "parenchyma", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "lithiasis", ",", "hydronephrosis", "or", "space-occupying", "lesions", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "an", "abdominopelvic", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "revealed", "multiple", "hypodense", "areas", "in", "the", "right", "kidney", "of", "dubious", "origin", "(", "infectious", ",", "ischaemic", ",", "neoplastic", ")", ",", "and", "the", "radiologist", "recommended", "an", "MRI", "scan", "to", "complete", "the", "study", ".", "The", "MRI", "of", "the", "abdomen", "(", "Figure", "1", ")", "shows", "a", "globose", "right", "kidney", "with", "oedema", "involving", "the", "perirenal", "fat", "and", "Gerota", "'", "s", "fascia", ",", "with", "multiple", "areas", "of", "heterogeneous", "enhancement", "of", "the", "renal", "parenchyma", ",", "with", "diffusion", "restriction", ",", "aspects", "that", "correspond", "to", "multiple", "areas", "of", "pyelonephritis", ".", "Given", "these", "findings", ",", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "piperacillin", "/", "tazobactam", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "4", ".", "5", "g", "every", "8", "hours", "and", "a", "new", "urine", "analysis", "was", "requested", "with", "Ziehlg-Neelsen", "staining", ",", "Löwensteing-Jensen", "culture", "and", "conventional", "culture", ",", "which", "were", "again", "negative", ".", "On", "the", "5th", "day", "of", "treatment", "and", "due", "to", "the", "lack", "of", "clinical", "and", "analytical", "response", ",", "blood", "and", "urine", "samples", "were", "sent", "to", "the", "laboratory", "of", "the", "Ricardo", "Jorge", "Institute", "in", "Lisbon", "to", "perform", "the", "in-house", "PCR", "technique", ".", "The", "DNA", "of", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", "bovis", "by", "PCR", "was", "positive", "in", "blood", "and", "urine", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "isoniazid", "(", "300mg", "per", "day", ")", ",", "rifampicin", "(", "600mg", "per", "day", ")", ",", "pyrazinamide", "(", "1200mg", "per", "day", ")", "and", "streptomycin", "(", "1", "day", ")", ".", "On", "the", "5th", "day", "the", "fever", "disappeared", "and", "after", "3", "weeks", "the", "CRP", "normalised", ".", "One", "month", "later", "the", "patient", "is", "asymptomatic", "and", "the", "pathological", "images", "have", "disappeared", "in", "the", "MRI", "examination", ".", "Differential", "Diagnosis", "In", "our", "case", ",", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "was", "posed", "with", "a", "metastatic", "neoplastic", "process", "secondary", "to", "his", "underlying", "disease", ",", "a", "renal", "infarction", "and", "an", "infectious", "process", "secondary", "to", "treatment", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis Male child aged 8 years, with no drug allergies, no personal history or surgical interventions of interest, except for recurrent wheezing in early childhood. He has no family history of oncological disease. He is an only child, both parents are healthy and live with a dog. He does not take medication regularly. In August 2016, the child suffered a minor trauma to the dorsolumbar area. Since then, he has had localised pain in the lumbosacral region which, two months later, radiates to the left leg, increases with sitting and limits flexion of the axial skeleton. She also associated pain in the scapula and right subcostal area, as well as unquantified weight loss, hyporexia and asthenia. In October 2016, the patient had harder stools with mucous content and strands of red blood. She had no fever or consumption of unpasteurised products throughout the process, as well as other symptoms due to equipment. The outpatient paediatrics department requested an MRI of the lumbosacral spine on 06/10/16, which showed generalised infiltration of the bone marrow in the axial and appendicular skeleton, and an anterior epidural soft tissue mass in relation to L3-L5 and T12, as well as an anterolateral thecal sac imprint in T3, without significant involvement of the spinal canal; bone scan (GGO) on 14/10/16 showing involvement of the axial skeleton, pelvis, scapulae and rib cage; and bone marrow biopsy and aspirate (AMO/BMO) on 10/10/16 confirming invasion by cells of non-hematopoietic origin, with predominant signet ring cellularity and positivity for CDX2 (gastrointestinal tract) EMA +, pancytokeratin +, S100 +, enolase and vimentin negative. Given the surprising finding of suspicion of digestive neoplasia with the tests performed, the patient was referred to the Paediatric Oncology service to complete the study. Physical examination Weight: 26 kg, height: 126 cm. Pale skin and mucous membranes. No adenopathies. Sweaty. Cardiopulmonary auscultation normal. Abdomen soft, not painful on palpation, no masses or megaliths. Pain in the right sacroiliac joint and on rotation of the left hip. Limitation of flexion at lumbar level. Intense pain on getting off the stretcher. Wrapped posture with impossibility of standing upright, weakness of the lower limbs and severe pain when standing upright. Complementary tests After the visit to the Paediatric Oncology Department, the following tests were obtained: "Blood tests (16/10/16): biochemistry, haemogram and coagulation without relevant alterations. "Proteinogram: normal. Iron metabolism: ferritin 1,416 μg/l (30-400), the rest normal. "Upper endoscopy (19/10/16): oesophagus, stomach and duodenum normal. "Colonoscopy (19/10/16): ulcerated mass about 3 cm long from 2 cm anal margin to 5 cm in right rectal margin biopsied with well-defined limits. Rest of colon in ileum without lesions. "Pathology of rectal biopsy (19/10/16): adenocarcinoma of the colon-rectum with signet ring cells with apparent loss of PMS2 expression and microsatellite stability. Mutation in exon 4 of the KRAS gene (25/11/16). "Chest CT scan (21/10/16): left pleural effusion without evacuation criteria with pleural implant at the level of the 4th rib of 10 mm, metastases in ribs already evidenced in scintigraphy. No parenchymal lung metastases. "Abdominopelvic MRI (24/10/16): tumour in the lower and middle rectum 15 mm from the anal margin in contact with the internal anal sphincter, of annular, eccentric and ulcerated morphology, affecting the right wall with extramural extension and infiltrating the mesorectal and vascular fascia, reaching a length of 50 mm. It is accompanied by multiple adenopathies mesorectal chains (5 mm) and bilateral internal iliac (9 mm). Heterogeneity of the bone marrow suggestive of bone metastatic dissemination and small amount of free peritoneal fluid (T3dN2M1). Diagnosis KRAS signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the rectum (exon 4), stage IV with lymph node, bone, pleural and bone marrow involvement. Spinal cord compression syndrome in this context, with associated neuropathic pain. Treatment After confirming the existence of metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma, treatment with chemotherapy (QT) was initiated on 21/10/2017 according to FOLFOXIRI scheme (folinic acid, 5-FU,oxaliplatin and irinotecan) + biweekly bevacizumab, receiving a total of 12 cycles until 30/03/17, with good tolerance, obtaining in abdominopelvic CT (03/04/17) partial response of the disease at local and lymph node level according to RECIST 1. 1, with absence of disease in bone marrow confirmed by AMO/BMO (09/01/17), normalisation of tumour markers (CEA 64.3 ng/ml on 09/01/17 to 5.9 ng/ml on 10/04/17), ambulation without support or corticoids after the third cycle and cessation of rectorrhagia, but with progression of bone metastases. In terms of toxicity, only G1 diarrhoea and neurotoxicity in fingertips G1 should be highlighted. Evolution Given the persistence of bone metastatic disease and the probable toxicity in the case of treatment with RT, continuation with QT based on FOLF (folinic acid, 5-FU) + biweekly bevacizumab was determined, starting on 10/04/17, receiving 6 cycles to date with excellent tolerance; and extension of the PMS2 study to assess subsequent treatment with pembrolizumab on an experimental basis.
[ "Anamnesis", "Male", "child", "aged", "8", "years", ",", "with", "no", "drug", "allergies", ",", "no", "personal", "history", "or", "surgical", "interventions", "of", "interest", ",", "except", "for", "recurrent", "wheezing", "in", "early", "childhood", ".", "He", "has", "no", "family", "history", "of", "oncological", "disease", ".", "He", "is", "an", "only", "child", ",", "both", "parents", "are", "healthy", "and", "live", "with", "a", "dog", ".", "He", "does", "not", "take", "medication", "regularly", ".", "In", "August", "2016", ",", "the", "child", "suffered", "a", "minor", "trauma", "to", "the", "dorsolumbar", "area", ".", "Since", "then", ",", "he", "has", "had", "localised", "pain", "in", "the", "lumbosacral", "region", "which", ",", "two", "months", "later", ",", "radiates", "to", "the", "left", "leg", ",", "increases", "with", "sitting", "and", "limits", "flexion", "of", "the", "axial", "skeleton", ".", "She", "also", "associated", "pain", "in", "the", "scapula", "and", "right", "subcostal", "area", ",", "as", "well", "as", "unquantified", "weight", "loss", ",", "hyporexia", "and", "asthenia", ".", "In", "October", "2016", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "harder", "stools", "with", "mucous", "content", "and", "strands", "of", "red", "blood", ".", "She", "had", "no", "fever", "or", "consumption", "of", "unpasteurised", "products", "throughout", "the", "process", ",", "as", "well", "as", "other", "symptoms", "due", "to", "equipment", ".", "The", "outpatient", "paediatrics", "department", "requested", "an", "MRI", "of", "the", "lumbosacral", "spine", "on", "06", "/", "10", "/", "16", ",", "which", "showed", "generalised", "infiltration", "of", "the", "bone", "marrow", "in", "the", "axial", "and", "appendicular", "skeleton", ",", "and", "an", "anterior", "epidural", "soft", "tissue", "mass", "in", "relation", "to", "L3-L5", "and", "T12", ",", "as", "well", "as", "an", "anterolateral", "thecal", "sac", "imprint", "in", "T3", ",", "without", "significant", "involvement", "of", "the", "spinal", "canal", ";", "bone", "scan", "(", "GGO", ")", "on", "14", "/", "10", "/", "16", "showing", "involvement", "of", "the", "axial", "skeleton", ",", "pelvis", ",", "scapulae", "and", "rib", "cage", ";", "and", "bone", "marrow", "biopsy", "and", "aspirate", "(", "AMO", "/", "BMO", ")", "on", "10", "/", "10", "/", "16", "confirming", "invasion", "by", "cells", "of", "non-hematopoietic", "origin", ",", "with", "predominant", "signet", "ring", "cellularity", "and", "positivity", "for", "CDX2", "(", "gastrointestinal", "tract", ")", "EMA", "+", ",", "pancytokeratin", "+", ",", "S100", "+", ",", "enolase", "and", "vimentin", "negative", ".", "Given", "the", "surprising", "finding", "of", "suspicion", "of", "digestive", "neoplasia", "with", "the", "tests", "performed", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "Paediatric", "Oncology", "service", "to", "complete", "the", "study", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Weight", ":", "26", "kg", ",", "height", ":", "126", "cm", ".", "Pale", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ".", "No", "adenopathies", ".", "Sweaty", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "auscultation", "normal", ".", "Abdomen", "soft", ",", "not", "painful", "on", "palpation", ",", "no", "masses", "or", "megaliths", ".", "Pain", "in", "the", "right", "sacroiliac", "joint", "and", "on", "rotation", "of", "the", "left", "hip", ".", "Limitation", "of", "flexion", "at", "lumbar", "level", ".", "Intense", "pain", "on", "getting", "off", "the", "stretcher", ".", "Wrapped", "posture", "with", "impossibility", "of", "standing", "upright", ",", "weakness", "of", "the", "lower", "limbs", "and", "severe", "pain", "when", "standing", "upright", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "After", "the", "visit", "to", "the", "Paediatric", "Oncology", "Department", ",", "the", "following", "tests", "were", "obtained", ":", "\"", "Blood", "tests", "(", "16", "/", "10", "/", "16", ")", ":", "biochemistry", ",", "haemogram", "and", "coagulation", "without", "relevant", "alterations", ".", "\"", "Proteinogram", ":", "normal", ".", "Iron", "metabolism", ":", "ferritin", "1", ",", "416", "μg", "/", "l", "(", "30-400", ")", ",", "the", "rest", "normal", ".", "\"", "Upper", "endoscopy", "(", "19", "/", "10", "/", "16", ")", ":", "oesophagus", ",", "stomach", "and", "duodenum", "normal", ".", "\"", "Colonoscopy", "(", "19", "/", "10", "/", "16", ")", ":", "ulcerated", "mass", "about", "3", "cm", "long", "from", "2", "cm", "anal", "margin", "to", "5", "cm", "in", "right", "rectal", "margin", "biopsied", "with", "well-defined", "limits", ".", "Rest", "of", "colon", "in", "ileum", "without", "lesions", ".", "\"", "Pathology", "of", "rectal", "biopsy", "(", "19", "/", "10", "/", "16", ")", ":", "adenocarcinoma", "of", "the", "colon-rectum", "with", "signet", "ring", "cells", "with", "apparent", "loss", "of", "PMS2", "expression", "and", "microsatellite", "stability", ".", "Mutation", "in", "exon", "4", "of", "the", "KRAS", "gene", "(", "25", "/", "11", "/", "16", ")", ".", "\"", "Chest", "CT", "scan", "(", "21", "/", "10", "/", "16", ")", ":", "left", "pleural", "effusion", "without", "evacuation", "criteria", "with", "pleural", "implant", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "4th", "rib", "of", "10", "mm", ",", "metastases", "in", "ribs", "already", "evidenced", "in", "scintigraphy", ".", "No", "parenchymal", "lung", "metastases", ".", "\"", "Abdominopelvic", "MRI", "(", "24", "/", "10", "/", "16", ")", ":", "tumour", "in", "the", "lower", "and", "middle", "rectum", "15", "mm", "from", "the", "anal", "margin", "in", "contact", "with", "the", "internal", "anal", "sphincter", ",", "of", "annular", ",", "eccentric", "and", "ulcerated", "morphology", ",", "affecting", "the", "right", "wall", "with", "extramural", "extension", "and", "infiltrating", "the", "mesorectal", "and", "vascular", "fascia", ",", "reaching", "a", "length", "of", "50", "mm", ".", "It", "is", "accompanied", "by", "multiple", "adenopathies", "mesorectal", "chains", "(", "5", "mm", ")", "and", "bilateral", "internal", "iliac", "(", "9", "mm", ")", ".", "Heterogeneity", "of", "the", "bone", "marrow", "suggestive", "of", "bone", "metastatic", "dissemination", "and", "small", "amount", "of", "free", "peritoneal", "fluid", "(", "T3dN2M1", ")", ".", "Diagnosis", "KRAS", "signet", "ring", "cell", "adenocarcinoma", "of", "the", "rectum", "(", "exon", "4", ")", ",", "stage", "IV", "with", "lymph", "node", ",", "bone", ",", "pleural", "and", "bone", "marrow", "involvement", ".", "Spinal", "cord", "compression", "syndrome", "in", "this", "context", ",", "with", "associated", "neuropathic", "pain", ".", "Treatment", "After", "confirming", "the", "existence", "of", "metastatic", "rectal", "adenocarcinoma", ",", "treatment", "with", "chemotherapy", "(", "QT", ")", "was", "initiated", "on", "21", "/", "10", "/", "2017", "according", "to", "FOLFOXIRI", "scheme", "(", "folinic", "acid", ",", "5-FU", ",", "oxaliplatin", "and", "irinotecan", ")", "+", "biweekly", "bevacizumab", ",", "receiving", "a", "total", "of", "12", "cycles", "until", "30", "/", "03", "/", "17", ",", "with", "good", "tolerance", ",", "obtaining", "in", "abdominopelvic", "CT", "(", "03", "/", "04", "/", "17", ")", "partial", "response", "of", "the", "disease", "at", "local", "and", "lymph", "node", "level", "according", "to", "RECIST", "1", ".", "1", ",", "with", "absence", "of", "disease", "in", "bone", "marrow", "confirmed", "by", "AMO", "/", "BMO", "(", "09", "/", "01", "/", "17", ")", ",", "normalisation", "of", "tumour", "markers", "(", "CEA", "64", ".", "3", "ng", "/", "ml", "on", "09", "/", "01", "/", "17", "to", "5", ".", "9", "ng", "/", "ml", "on", "10", "/", "04", "/", "17", ")", ",", "ambulation", "without", "support", "or", "corticoids", "after", "the", "third", "cycle", "and", "cessation", "of", "rectorrhagia", ",", "but", "with", "progression", "of", "bone", "metastases", ".", "In", "terms", "of", "toxicity", ",", "only", "G1", "diarrhoea", "and", "neurotoxicity", "in", "fingertips", "G1", "should", "be", "highlighted", ".", "Evolution", "Given", "the", "persistence", "of", "bone", "metastatic", "disease", "and", "the", "probable", "toxicity", "in", "the", "case", "of", "treatment", "with", "RT", ",", "continuation", "with", "QT", "based", "on", "FOLF", "(", "folinic", "acid", ",", "5-FU", ")", "+", "biweekly", "bevacizumab", "was", "determined", ",", "starting", "on", "10", "/", "04", "/", "17", ",", "receiving", "6", "cycles", "to", "date", "with", "excellent", "tolerance", ";", "and", "extension", "of", "the", "PMS2", "study", "to", "assess", "subsequent", "treatment", "with", "pembrolizumab", "on", "an", "experimental", "basis", "." ]
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en
A patient in his fifties with no personal history went to his GP in the Marseille area on 6 March 2020, reporting fever, headache and cough with an evolution since 29 February. His company (company X) had sent him to the Central African Republic from 13 to 25 February, where he gave several management lectures over 6 days to an audience of about 30 resource managers from various ministries in the Central African Republic. Because of persistent fever and cough after 9 days of onset of symptoms, he was referred to the emergency department of a local hospital on 9 March. On examination, he presented with fever (40°C) and dyspnoea with an oxygen saturation of 91% on room air. Pulmonary auscultation revealed bilateral basal crackles. Malaria was ruled out by microscopic observation of blood smears, as well as influenza by PCR of nasopharyngeal smear. The C-reactive protein value was 103 mg/L and the leucocyte count 8.8 Giga/L. A pharyngeal swab was tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR as described above and the result was positive. The patient was immediately transferred to our centre (IHU Méditerranée Infection) for hospitalisation in a highly contagious ward. A thoracic CT scan showed bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. Progressive worsening forced his temporary transfer to an intensive care unit for five days; he subsequently returned to our ward, where he remains hospitalised at the time of writing.
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en
Anamnesis Family history: maternal uncle died of prostate cancer at over 70 years of age and another of pharyngeal neoplasia. Paternal uncle died of lung cancer. Personal history: no known drug allergies. Ex-smoker for 20 years (20 packs/year). Diabetes mellitus type II since 2004, insulin-dependent for 3 years. Hypercholesterolemia. Worker in a winery. Denies drug use. Usual treatment: simvastatin 20 mg, omeprazole 20 mg, naproxen if in pain, cinitapride 10 mg before meals. His oncological history began on 03/12/16, when the patient attended the emergency department with fever of up to 38.5oC, weight loss of 7 kg in the last month, dysphagia for solids and liquids, with a feeling of early gastric fullness, intense asthenia and hypogastric abdominal pain. Ultrasound and urgent abdominal CT scan with contrast showed a central abdominal tumour measuring 17.2 x 7.7 x 7.5 cm, with a large hydro-aerial component, marked and irregular mural thickening, in contact with small bowel loops, probably related to complicated GIST. It was decided to perform an urgent exploratory laparotomy due to suspicion of intestinal perforation, which revealed a central abdominal cloaca, and resection of the tumour with several intestinal loops and mechanical laterolateral anastomosis was performed. Suboptimal surgery due to affected edges. The anatomopathological report showed findings compatible with mesenteric fibromatosis of the desmoid type, with positive immunohistochemical study for smooth muscle actin and beta-catenin; and negative for desmin, CD34, S100, CD117(C-KIT) and DOG1. First assessed in medical oncology consultations on 16/01/2017, close follow-up with radiological control in 4 months was decided, as well as colonoscopy due to the known association of desmoid tumours and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). One month after the operation, the patient attended the emergency department for pain in the right renal fossa with irradiation, and an abdominal CT scan showed moderate right ureterohydronephrosis and multiple peritoneal implants, compatible with tumour recurrence. Urology and surgery ruled out further surgery, so he was admitted to oncology to complete the study and a right percutaneous nephrostomy was performed without complications. Prior to discharge, colonoscopy was performed and FAP was ruled out. Given the clinical-pathological discordance (tumour necrosis, peritoneal implants, clinical evolution, etc.), a new histological review was requested at a reference centre for soft tissue tumours, resulting in a diagnosis of diffuse large cell B lymphoma, germinal immunophenotype with positive immunoexpression for BCL-6 and negative for MUM-1, CD5, CD10, cMYC and EBER with a proliferative index (Ki67) of 80%. Consequently, the patient continued his evolution under the care of the haematology department. After the onset of fever together with ataxia, sensory disturbances and emetic syndrome, a brain MRI was performed which ruled out brain involvement. A lumbar puncture was performed and Cryptococcus antigen (+) was detected; liposomal amphotericin and fludrocortisone were started (treatment start date: 17/03/17). After 48 hours, HIV serology (+) was reported with a viraemia of 684,000c/ml and LCD4 count of 38/ul. The patient progressed favourably, with a control culture (-) and after completing the cycle, de-escalation to oral fluconazole was performed. After four weeks of antifungal treatment, antiretroviral treatment was started with raltegravir + FTC + TDF with good tolerance. A PET scan was completed which showed extensive abdominal and pulmonary involvement, bone biopsy (without infiltration) and echocardiogram with preserved ejection fraction. In stable condition, R-CHOP cycle was started with good tolerance and response. Physical examination ECOG 2. Dry mouth without aphthae. Marked cachexia. At the abdominal level, there was marked impaction in the right hemiabdomen, as well as dubious pain in the left flank with pain on palpation of the epigastrium and right hypochondrium. The rest was unremarkable. Complementary tests "I.V. contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen (13/02/2017): progression of the disease with multiple intraperitoneal masses compatible with metastatic implants. One of them obstructs the right ureter and another one infiltrates a delegate's loop in the left iliac fossa. "CSF (17/03/17): 30 leukocytes (10 % PMN, 30 % MN), 0 red blood cells, 97 glucose, 125 proteins, 22.3 ADA. Abundant lymphocytes. IF: only 4 % monoclonal B-lymphocytes, rest T-lymphocytes. Cryptococcus antigen detected. "Serology (20/03/17): HIV (+), HBV and HCV (-), CMV IgG(+), EBV(-), HSV IgG(+), Syphilis (-), toxoplasma IgG(+). B2-microglobulin (21/04/17): 4.52, LDH: 473. "PET scan (24/04/17): reports extensive supra- and infradiaphragmatic involvement with predominance of large masses at abdominal level, as well as pulmonary and no findings in the rest. Diagnosis "Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) centrogerminal type. "HIV infection category C3 (AIDS). "Cryptococcal meningitis. Treatment After presenting the case in a multidisciplinary session, it was decided to start treatment with liposomal amphotericin and fludrocortisone, switching to oral fluconazole. After 4 weeks, antiretroviral treatment was started with raltegravir + FTC + TDF and, finally, systemic chemotherapy was started according to the R-CHOP scheme. Evolution Patient with the previously described history, stable at the present time, being monitored by the Haematology Unit in Outpatients' Departments. Good response and tolerance after third cycle of R-CHOP.
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"weight", "loss", "of", "7", "kg", "in", "the", "last", "month", ",", "dysphagia", "for", "solids", "and", "liquids", ",", "with", "a", "feeling", "of", "early", "gastric", "fullness", ",", "intense", "asthenia", "and", "hypogastric", "abdominal", "pain", ".", "Ultrasound", "and", "urgent", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "with", "contrast", "showed", "a", "central", "abdominal", "tumour", "measuring", "17", ".", "2", "x", "7", ".", "7", "x", "7", ".", "5", "cm", ",", "with", "a", "large", "hydro-aerial", "component", ",", "marked", "and", "irregular", "mural", "thickening", ",", "in", "contact", "with", "small", "bowel", "loops", ",", "probably", "related", "to", "complicated", "GIST", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "urgent", "exploratory", "laparotomy", "due", "to", "suspicion", "of", "intestinal", "perforation", ",", "which", "revealed", "a", "central", "abdominal", "cloaca", ",", "and", "resection", "of", "the", "tumour", "with", "several", "intestinal", "loops", "and", "mechanical", "laterolateral", "anastomosis", "was", "performed", ".", "Suboptimal", "surgery", "due", "to", "affected", "edges", ".", "The", "anatomopathological", "report", "showed", "findings", "compatible", "with", "mesenteric", "fibromatosis", "of", "the", "desmoid", "type", ",", "with", "positive", "immunohistochemical", "study", "for", "smooth", "muscle", "actin", "and", "beta-catenin", ";", "and", "negative", "for", "desmin", ",", "CD34", ",", "S100", ",", "CD117", "(", "C-KIT", ")", "and", "DOG1", ".", "First", "assessed", "in", "medical", "oncology", "consultations", "on", "16", "/", "01", "/", "2017", ",", "close", "follow-up", "with", "radiological", "control", "in", "4", "months", "was", "decided", ",", "as", "well", "as", "colonoscopy", "due", "to", "the", "known", "association", "of", "desmoid", "tumours", "and", "familial", "adenomatous", "polyposis", "(", "FAP", ")", ".", "One", "month", "after", "the", "operation", ",", "the", "patient", "attended", "the", 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en
A 16-year-old male, with a history of anaphylaxis due to peanut, presented with anaphylaxis after ingestion of fenugreek. Prick: Peanut 10x20 mm, Natural fenugreek 6x8 mm, Lentil 2 mm, Soya bean 2 mm, Bean negative, Histamine 5 mm. Serum specific IgE values: Peanut 84 kU/L (Ara h1 34.5 kU/L, Ara h2 60.9 kU/L, Ara h3 2.41 kU/L, Ara h 8 0.03 KU/L and Ara h9 0.05 kU/L), Fenugreek >17.5 kU/L, Curry 16.9 kU/L, Lentil 1.67 kU/L, Soya bean 2.65 kU/L, Bean 0.04 kU/L. Molecular mass study of specific IgE binding proteins (SDS-PAGE-Immunoblotting): Peanut extract (raw and roasted): 75 kDa, 63 kDa,21 kDa and 19 kDa. Fenugreek extract: banding between approximately > 97kDa-30 kDa, 21 kDa and 19 kDa. Cross-reactivity study by SDA-PAGE-Immunoblotting-inhibition technique with solid phase fenugreek extract: Raw and roasted peanut extracts completely inhibit IgE binding in fenugreek extract. Fenugreek extract does not inhibit IgE binding of itself. Interpretation of the study: 63 kDa band detected in peanut extract could correspond to 7S Ara h 1 globulin. 21 and 19 kDa bands detected in peanut extract could correspond to 2S Ara h 2.01 and Ara 2.02 albumins, bands of the same molecular mass are observed in fenugreek extract. It is shown that in patient serum there are IgEs cross-reacting with fenugreek and peanut proteins.
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en
Reason for consultation Hyperemesis. Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests). A 27-year-old male patient, with no relevant history except for habitual cannabis consumption of about 10cig/day, no other intoxicants, who came to the Accident and Emergency Department because he had been presenting for 24 hours with epigastric pain, not radiating, accompanied by incoercible vomiting (approximately one every half hour), which did not subside despite taking antiemetics at home. She reported no alterations in stool habits, fever or other clinical manifestations in the anamnesis by apparatus. For the last 5 months, she reported episodes of similar characteristics, of lesser intensity, self-limited over time and unable to attribute them to a specific cause. Good general condition. Conscious and oriented in the three spheres. Eupneic at rest. Afebrile. ACR: rhythmic tones without murmurs. MVC preserved, without added pathological sounds. Abdomen: soft, depressible, painful on epigastric palpation with discrete reactive defence to pain, preserved hydroaerial sounds. No masses or megaliths. No ascites or peritonism. Analysis with biliary profile and abdominal ultrasound: no alterations. Family and community approach Poor family support. She goes alone to the emergency department. Clinical judgement (list of problems, differential diagnosis) Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Action plan and evolution The patient was advised to take a hot shower, after which he reported that the symptoms subsided and began to show considerable improvement. He was discharged home with frequent hot showers and complete abstinence from cannabis.
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en
Anamnesis A 45-year-old woman presented since the age of 7 years with episodes of intense headache that was usually haemicranial, without aura, with nausea and vomiting, with photo- and sonophobia, which could last for 24 to 48 hours. Surgical history: thymectomy for multinodular goitre. Usual treatment with levothyroxine 75 mg, topiramate 50 mg and zolmitriptan 5 mg if migraine crisis. The patient came to the hospital because in the last week she presented with a headache different from the usual ones, with right retroocular pain and holocranial "helmet" headache and associated with right pulsatile tinnitus days after cervical manipulation due to muscle contractures. Physical examination Afebrile, blood pressure 110/80 mmHg. Good general condition, normal speech. No meningeal signs. PICNR, normal cranial nerves, normoreactive isochoric pupils, normal ocular motility, normal confrontation visual fields. Normal fundus. Normal strength, sensibility and coordination. Osteotendinous reflexes present. Bilateral indifferent cutaneous-plantar reflex. Rhythmic cardiac auscultation, absence of carotid murmurs. The rest of the examination was unremarkable. Complementary tests - CBC with normal haemogram, biochemistry and coagulation, normal thyroid hormones, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Negative blood serologies for HIV, syphilis and Lyme disease. Normal hypercoagulability and autoimmunity studies. - ECG: sinus rhythm without significant alterations. - Chest X-ray: normal. - Echo-Doppler of supra-aortic trunks: intima-media thickness of 0.7 mm within the normal range without atheroma plaques. Flattening of the wave in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) of very low velocity to assess distal stenosis or occlusion. Normal flow in the left internal carotid artery. Bilateral vertebral arteries visible with antegrade flows. - MRI and cranial angio-MRI: no structural alterations or pathological signs at the level of the supra- or infratentorial brain parenchyma. Absence of flow in the right supracondylar internal carotid artery, as well as in the ipsilateral A1 and M1 segments with distal flows present, both posterior communicating segments functioning. - Angio-CT of supra-aortic and intracranial trunks: total obstruction of the right ICA in its intracranial cavernous segment, with distal repermeabilisation from the collateral circulation of the polygon of Willis. The rest of the cervical proximal tract of the right ICA is of normal morphology and calibre. The rest of the supra-aortic trunks are of normal morphology and calibre. No alterations in the rest of the intracranial arteries. - Cerebral arteriography: origin of the left common carotid artery in the right trunk as an anatomical variant without pathological significance. Critical stenosis in a segment of about 2 cm of the right intracavernous internal carotid artery; the lesion has an irregular appearance with discrete irregularity and ectasia of the pre-stenotic portion, it could be a dissection, and although the flow is slowed, it fills the middle cerebral circulation correctly from the same side. Left internal carotid artery without lesions. Permeable anterior communicating artery. Vertebrobasilar sector without lesions. Cerebral angiography: critical stenosis of the right internal carotid intracavernous; the lesion has an irregular appearance and ectasia of the pre-stenotic portion suggestive of dissection. Diagnosis Headache secondary to intracranial carotid dissection. Treatment The patient was treated with acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg/day, which she continues to receive on a daily basis, together with atorvastatin 40 mg/day. During her admission she required treatment with NSAIDs until the headache subsided. On discharge, treatment was indicated with amitriptyline 25 mg per day and zolmitriptan 5 mg if migraine attacks occurred, together with ibuprofen and occasional tetrazepam for pain in the cervical muscles. Progress During the first few days of admission, the patient presented with a tension-type headache that subsided with NSAIDs; after 3 days the pulsating tinnitus disappeared and the hemicranial headache began again, similar to her usual migraine. She was re-evaluated one month and 3 months after admission. The patient continued with migraine attacks without retroocular pain or tinnitus, at least once a week lasting up to 2-3 days, as well as episodes of arterial hypertension in the context of stress, so amitriptyline was discontinued and topiramate and nadolol were introduced. The follow-up MRI angiography at 3 months showed a slight irregularity of the wall and discrete stenosis in the cavernous tract of the right ICA, without observing the absence of flow or obstruction that existed in the previous study. No dissection was observed. The rest of the intracranial arteries and supra-aortic trunks of normal morphology and calibre, without significant stenosis. Evolution by angio-MRI on admission and at 3 months: disappearance of the critical stenosis without aneurysms or other associated lesions.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "45-year-old", "woman", "presented", "since", "the", "age", "of", "7", "years", "with", "episodes", "of", "intense", "headache", "that", "was", "usually", "haemicranial", ",", "without", "aura", ",", "with", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", ",", "with", "photo", "-", "and", "sonophobia", ",", "which", "could", "last", "for", "24", "to", "48", "hours", ".", "Surgical", "history", ":", "thymectomy", "for", "multinodular", "goitre", ".", "Usual", "treatment", "with", "levothyroxine", "75", "mg", ",", "topiramate", "50", "mg", "and", "zolmitriptan", "5", "mg", "if", "migraine", "crisis", ".", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "hospital", "because", "in", "the", "last", "week", "she", "presented", "with", "a", "headache", "different", "from", "the", "usual", "ones", ",", "with", "right", "retroocular", "pain", "and", "holocranial", "\"", "helmet", "\"", "headache", "and", "associated", "with", "right", "pulsatile", "tinnitus", "days", "after", "cervical", "manipulation", "due", "to", "muscle", "contractures", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Afebrile", ",", "blood", "pressure", "110", "/", "80", "mmHg", ".", "Good", "general", "condition", ",", "normal", "speech", ".", "No", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "PICNR", ",", "normal", "cranial", "nerves", ",", "normoreactive", "isochoric", "pupils", ",", "normal", "ocular", "motility", ",", "normal", "confrontation", "visual", "fields", ".", "Normal", "fundus", ".", "Normal", "strength", ",", "sensibility", "and", "coordination", ".", "Osteotendinous", "reflexes", "present", ".", "Bilateral", "indifferent", "cutaneous-plantar", "reflex", ".", "Rhythmic", "cardiac", "auscultation", ",", "absence", "of", "carotid", "murmurs", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "examination", "was", "unremarkable", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "CBC", "with", "normal", "haemogram", ",", "biochemistry", "and", "coagulation", ",", "normal", "thyroid", "hormones", ",", "vitamin", "B12", "and", "folic", "acid", ".", "Negative", "blood", "serologies", "for", "HIV", ",", "syphilis", "and", "Lyme", "disease", ".", "Normal", "hypercoagulability", "and", "autoimmunity", "studies", ".", "-", "ECG", ":", "sinus", "rhythm", "without", "significant", "alterations", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "normal", ".", "-", "Echo-Doppler", "of", "supra-aortic", "trunks", ":", "intima-media", "thickness", "of", "0", ".", "7", "mm", "within", "the", "normal", "range", "without", "atheroma", "plaques", ".", "Flattening", "of", "the", "wave", "in", "the", "right", "internal", "carotid", "artery", "(", "ICA", ")", "of", "very", "low", "velocity", "to", "assess", "distal", "stenosis", "or", "occlusion", ".", "Normal", "flow", "in", "the", "left", "internal", "carotid", "artery", ".", "Bilateral", "vertebral", "arteries", "visible", "with", "antegrade", "flows", ".", "-", "MRI", "and", "cranial", "angio-MRI", ":", "no", "structural", "alterations", "or", "pathological", "signs", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "supra", "-", "or", "infratentorial", "brain", "parenchyma", ".", "Absence", "of", "flow", "in", "the", "right", "supracondylar", "internal", "carotid", "artery", ",", "as", "well", "as", "in", "the", "ipsilateral", "A1", "and", "M1", "segments", "with", "distal", "flows", "present", ",", "both", "posterior", "communicating", "segments", "functioning", ".", "-", "Angio-CT", "of", "supra-aortic", "and", "intracranial", "trunks", ":", "total", "obstruction", "of", "the", "right", "ICA", "in", "its", "intracranial", "cavernous", "segment", ",", "with", "distal", "repermeabilisation", "from", "the", "collateral", "circulation", "of", "the", "polygon", "of", "Willis", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "cervical", "proximal", "tract", "of", "the", "right", "ICA", "is", "of", "normal", "morphology", "and", "calibre", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "supra-aortic", "trunks", "are", "of", "normal", "morphology", "and", "calibre", ".", "No", "alterations", "in", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "intracranial", "arteries", ".", "-", "Cerebral", "arteriography", ":", "origin", "of", "the", "left", "common", "carotid", "artery", "in", "the", "right", "trunk", "as", "an", "anatomical", "variant", "without", "pathological", "significance", ".", "Critical", "stenosis", "in", "a", "segment", "of", "about", "2", "cm", "of", "the", "right", "intracavernous", "internal", "carotid", "artery", ";", "the", "lesion", "has", "an", "irregular", "appearance", "with", "discrete", "irregularity", "and", "ectasia", "of", "the", "pre-stenotic", "portion", ",", "it", "could", "be", "a", "dissection", ",", "and", "although", "the", "flow", "is", "slowed", ",", "it", "fills", "the", "middle", "cerebral", "circulation", "correctly", "from", "the", "same", "side", ".", "Left", "internal", "carotid", "artery", "without", "lesions", ".", "Permeable", "anterior", "communicating", "artery", ".", "Vertebrobasilar", "sector", "without", "lesions", ".", "Cerebral", "angiography", ":", "critical", "stenosis", "of", "the", "right", "internal", "carotid", "intracavernous", ";", "the", "lesion", "has", "an", "irregular", "appearance", "and", "ectasia", "of", "the", "pre-stenotic", "portion", "suggestive", "of", "dissection", ".", "Diagnosis", "Headache", "secondary", "to", "intracranial", "carotid", "dissection", ".", "Treatment", "The", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "acetylsalicylic", "acid", "100", "mg", "/", "day", ",", "which", "she", "continues", "to", "receive", "on", "a", "daily", "basis", ",", "together", "with", "atorvastatin", "40", "mg", "/", "day", ".", "During", "her", "admission", "she", "required", "treatment", "with", "NSAIDs", "until", "the", "headache", "subsided", ".", "On", "discharge", ",", "treatment", "was", "indicated", "with", "amitriptyline", "25", "mg", "per", "day", "and", "zolmitriptan", "5", "mg", "if", "migraine", "attacks", "occurred", ",", "together", "with", "ibuprofen", "and", "occasional", "tetrazepam", "for", "pain", "in", "the", "cervical", 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"irregularity", "of", "the", "wall", "and", "discrete", "stenosis", "in", "the", "cavernous", "tract", "of", "the", "right", "ICA", ",", "without", "observing", "the", "absence", "of", "flow", "or", "obstruction", "that", "existed", "in", "the", "previous", "study", ".", "No", "dissection", "was", "observed", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "intracranial", "arteries", "and", "supra-aortic", "trunks", "of", "normal", "morphology", "and", "calibre", ",", "without", "significant", "stenosis", ".", "Evolution", "by", "angio-MRI", "on", "admission", "and", "at", "3", "months", ":", "disappearance", "of", "the", "critical", "stenosis", "without", "aneurysms", "or", "other", "associated", "lesions", "." ]
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Anamnesis 65-year-old male with the following history: chronic enolism, sigmoidectomy with discharge colostomy for left incarcerated inguinal hernia and chronic renal insufficiency. Low socioeconomic level, with poor hygienic and sanitary conditions. Nephrourological history: 6 months prior to current admission, admitted for fungal urinary infection and acute renal failure with bilateral grade III ureterohydronephrosis, BPH and large bladder lithiasis, without being able to establish the presence of a bladder balloon on admission. After urethral catheterisation, there was no significant improvement in renal function, and upper urinary tract ect ectasia persisted, so it was decided to perform a bilateral nephrostomy, after which renal function improved to baseline levels of around 2.5 mg/dl of creatinine. During the same admission, a transvesical prostatic adenomectomy and cystolithotomy were performed. The postoperative period was characterised by infection of the surgical wound by Enteroccocus faecalis, which required antibiotic treatment and a vacuum device (VAC) for closure. After 2 months of hospitalisation, the patient was discharged after closure and removal of both nephrostomies and removal of the bladder catheter, with stable renal function at around 2.5 mg/dl of creatinine. The patient consulted the hospital's Emergency Department for a history of fever, asthenia, anorexia, haematuria, oliguria and lower urinary tract symptoms of several days' duration. Physical examination On arrival at the Emergency Department he was in poor general condition, conscious and oriented, with cold skin, lividity in the lower limbs and no neurological focality. Cardiopulmonary auscultation showed tachycardia, without murmurs or friction rubs and with preserved vesicular murmur. Blood pressure 108/80 mmHg, heart rate 100 bpm, temperature 36.5 oC. Abdomen soft, non-painful, no signs of peritoneal irritation, no evidence of visceromegaly or masses. Fist percussion and bilateral renal bimanual palpation were negative. Complementary tests An abdominal X-ray, blood and urine tests, urine cultures and abdominal ultrasound were requested in the emergency department: - Blood analysis: urea 354 mg/dl, creatinine 8.3 mg/dl, sodium 130 mEq/l, potassium 7.1 mEq/l, 13,500 leukocytes/mm3, 472,000 platelets/mm3, haemoglobin 15.2 g/dl. Venous blood gases: pH 6.9, bicarbonate 7.7 mmol/l, ABE -25 mmol/l. - Urine sediment: pH 9, leucocyturia and haematuria. Urine Gram-positive bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were observed. - Abdominal X-ray: nondescript. - Abdominal ultrasound: bilateral hydronephrosis was identified, with linear calcification along the entire urothelium of both renal pelvises, as well as in scattered calcific clusters in both kidneys. The right ureter shows urothelial thickening and wall calcification similar to the rest of the urothelium. Bladder with thickened walls, scarcely repleted and with a catheter inside. Previous ultrasound studies without such calcifications. During admission: - Urine culture: Staphylococcus capitis subspecies urealitycum and Gram-positive bacilli of the Corynebacterium type. - CT scan without contrast: linear calcification, polygonal in shape, in both renal sinuses. Characteristic findings of encrusting pyelitis. Bilateral hydronephrosis. Diagnosis Encrusting pyelitis. Treatment and evolution An urgent haemodialysis session was performed due to the deterioration of the patient's water-electrolyte and renal function, subsequently requiring infusion of vasoactive drugs due to sustained hypotension, which were withdrawn in the following days, after normalisation of the haemodynamic constants. Given the initial ultrasound findings and their comparative discordance with the imaging tests from the previous admission (no alterations), it was decided to perform an abdominal CT scan without contrast, which gave the presumptive diagnosis of encrusting pyeloureteritis, which was subsequently confirmed with the analytical (urinary pH 9) and microbiological (positive urine culture for Corynebacterium urealyticum) findings. Empirical antibiotic therapy was initially established and subsequently modified according to the antibiogram (treatment with vancomycin was started). Initially, the patient evolved satisfactorily, with improvement in renal function levels, hydroelectrolyte correction and withdrawal of vasoactive drugs due to stable haemodynamic constants. Subsequently, he developed an abrupt onset of febrile fever, respiratory distress and haemodynamic instability, and died a few hours later, 2 weeks after admission to hospital.
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"distress", "and", "haemodynamic", "instability", ",", "and", "died", "a", "few", "hours", "later", ",", "2", "weeks", "after", "admission", "to", "hospital", "." ]
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en
A 28-month-old boy came to our clinic in 2012 for episodes of erythema and facial oedema with occasional vomiting related to the ingestion of pulses, fish, carrots and rice with prawns. The initial allergological study showed positive skin tests for all fish, all pulses, carrots, mussels and shrimp with positive specific IgE to these foods, which led to an initial diagnosis of allergy to pulses, fish, shellfish and carrots. At the medical check-up 3 months after diagnosis, the patient had reactions to tomato, soya, pumpkin, green and red pepper and herbs for the broth, showing positive reactions to all these foods in the skin tests and also to all vegetables except cabbage and potato in vivo and in vitro. Positive panallergen skin tests to LTP, profilin and polcalcin. The ImmunoCAP ISAC112 study shows a patient with polysensitisation to species-specific allergens and cross-reactive allergens. Treatment with omalizumab was started in August 2013. In May 2014, it was found that the skin tests for vegetables and squid were negative. Good oral tolerance was observed with raw tomato with skin and carrot in September 2014, with squid in April 2015, with almonds in May 2015 and with peas in July 2015.
[ "A", "28-month-old", "boy", "came", "to", "our", "clinic", "in", "2012", "for", "episodes", "of", "erythema", "and", "facial", "oedema", "with", "occasional", "vomiting", "related", "to", "the", "ingestion", "of", "pulses", ",", "fish", ",", "carrots", "and", "rice", "with", "prawns", ".", "The", "initial", "allergological", "study", "showed", "positive", "skin", "tests", "for", "all", "fish", ",", "all", "pulses", ",", "carrots", ",", "mussels", "and", "shrimp", "with", "positive", "specific", "IgE", "to", "these", "foods", ",", "which", "led", "to", "an", "initial", "diagnosis", "of", "allergy", "to", "pulses", ",", "fish", ",", "shellfish", "and", "carrots", ".", "At", "the", "medical", "check-up", "3", "months", "after", "diagnosis", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "reactions", "to", "tomato", ",", "soya", ",", "pumpkin", ",", "green", "and", "red", "pepper", "and", "herbs", "for", "the", "broth", ",", "showing", "positive", "reactions", "to", "all", "these", "foods", "in", "the", "skin", "tests", "and", "also", "to", "all", "vegetables", "except", "cabbage", "and", "potato", "in", "vivo", "and", "in", "vitro", ".", "Positive", "panallergen", "skin", "tests", "to", "LTP", ",", "profilin", "and", "polcalcin", ".", "The", "ImmunoCAP", "ISAC112", "study", "shows", "a", "patient", "with", "polysensitisation", "to", "species-specific", "allergens", "and", "cross-reactive", "allergens", ".", "Treatment", "with", "omalizumab", "was", "started", "in", "August", "2013", ".", "In", "May", "2014", ",", "it", "was", "found", "that", "the", "skin", "tests", "for", "vegetables", "and", "squid", "were", "negative", ".", "Good", "oral", "tolerance", "was", "observed", "with", "raw", "tomato", "with", "skin", "and", "carrot", "in", "September", "2014", ",", "with", "squid", "in", "April", "2015", ",", "with", "almonds", "in", "May", "2015", "and", "with", "peas", "in", "July", "2015", "." ]
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[ { "text": "rice", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 168, "end": 172 }, { "text": "species", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 849, "end": 856 }, { "text": "herbs", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 555, "end": 560 }, { "text": "pulses", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 142, "end": 148 }, { "text": "pulses", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 264, "end": 270 }, { "text": "pulses", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 391, "end": 397 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 482, "end": 489 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 815, "end": 822 }, { "text": "potato", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 686, "end": 692 }, { "text": "fish", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 150, "end": 154 }, { "text": "fish", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 254, "end": 258 }, { "text": "fish", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 399, "end": 403 }, { "text": "soya", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 515, "end": 519 }, { "text": "tomato", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 507, "end": 513 }, { "text": "tomato", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1088, "end": 1094 }, { "text": "pumpkin", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 521, "end": 528 }, { "text": "carrot", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1109, "end": 1115 }, { "text": "shrimp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 293, "end": 299 }, { "text": "pepper", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 544, "end": 550 }, { "text": "cabbage", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 674, "end": 681 }, { "text": "squid", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1025, "end": 1030 }, { "text": "squid", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1140, "end": 1145 }, { "text": "peas", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1195, "end": 1199 } ]
en
We present the case of a 25-year-old woman who came to the emergency department with a 72-hour history of non-productive cough and respiratory sounds, without fever or other accompanying symptoms. She lived in an urban area and had contact with domestic animals (canary and dogs). She had no drug allergies or family or personal history of interest, except for active smoking (7 packs/year). A chest X-ray taken in the Emergency Department of the hospital where he consulted showed a rounded lesion in the right upper lobe and, given the respiratory symptoms, with suspicion of community-acquired pneumonia, he was started on treatment with levofloxacin 500 mg every 24 hours. After 7 days of treatment the symptoms disappeared. The patient was seen in the outpatient pulmonology department of another centre. A control chest X-ray performed one month after the onset of the symptoms showed the persistence of a rounded, well-defined image, about 3 cm in diameter, located in the right upper lobe, and a study of a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) was initiated. Differential diagnosis SPN is defined radiologically as a single intraparenchymal pulmonary lesion, round or oval, with well-defined borders and a diameter of no more than 3 cm. It can be the presenting form of both benign and malignant processes, constituting a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis of SPN is discussed below: Malignant causes (40-50%). 1. Primary lung neoplasia. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype presenting as SPN, accounting for 30-50% of malignant lesions, followed by squamous cell carcinoma with 10-37%. Carcinoid tumours are typically endobronchial. However, 20% present as peripheral SPN with well-defined borders. 2. Pulmonary metastases. Although they commonly present as multiple pulmonary nodules, they can also present as SPNs as in the case of melanoma, sarcoma and carcinomas of the colon, breast, kidney and testis. They account for less than 10% of all SPNs. 3. Others: primary extranodal lymphoma, plasmacytoma, schwannoma. Benign causes (50-60%) Infectious. Infectious granulomas cause approximately 80% of benign SPNs. Tuberculosis and fungal infections (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis and blastomycosis) may be the origin of these. Other less common infectious causes are bacterial abscesses, aspergilloma and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection. 2. Benign tumours. Hamartomas cause 10% of benign pulmonary nodules. Other less common causes are fibromas, lipomas, leiomyomas, haemangiomas, amyloidoma and pneumocytoma. Vascular. These include arteriovenous malformations, contusions and pulmonary infarctions. 4. Inflammatory. The following systemic diseases should be highlighted as causes of SPN: - Wegener's granulomatosis - Rheumatoid arthritis - Sarcoidosis 5. Congenital malformations such as bronchogenic cyst. Focusing on our case, we are dealing with a young patient, immunocompetent in principle, with no family or personal history of neoplastic disease. In the case of a NPS of tumour aetiology, it could correspond to a primary lung neoplasm of early presentation in a female smoker, or a hamartoma, as it is the most common benign tumour. Among the infectious causes, most are rare infections in non-immunosuppressed patients, with the exception of tuberculosis. Therefore, in principle, unless the patient did not have an immunodeficiency that is not known at this time, it would be an unlikely aetiology. Although it could be the presentation of a systemic disease, the absence of other clinical data makes this diagnosis less likely in principle. Finally, among the less frequent causes, a vascular or congenital malformation could be the cause of the radiological lesion. Evolution Given the persistence of the lesion on chest X-ray, computed axial tomography (CT) of the chest was requested, which showed a 5 cm lung consolidation, rounded, with polylobulated edges and air bronchogram with no signs of cavitation in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. In view of these findings, fibrobroncopy was performed, showing an inflammatory stenosis in the apical segment of the right main bronchus with no other findings, which was biopsied. The biopsy samples obtained showed no findings of neoplastic cells. Sputum smear microscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage culture in conventional and Lowestein medium were negative. No samples were processed for fungal culture. At that time, general laboratory tests showed no significant findings and serology was negative for hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on two occasions. Given the uncertainty of a neoplastic origin of the lesion and the lack of conclusive results, it was decided to perform an exploratory videothoracoscopy. Right bisegmentectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. The pathological anatomy of the surgical specimen showed no findings of neoplastic disease. Histology was compatible with pure histiocytic granuloma, with Grocott and PAS techniques revealing the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans. At this point the patient was referred to us. On the first visit to our clinic she was asymptomatic and the general examination was strictly normal. The first step was to rule out any type of immunodeficiency due to the unexpected finding of pulmonary cryptococcosis. We performed a new HIV serology, as well as an autoimmunity study with negative results, and the quantification of complement and immunoglobulins was normal. In order to rule out idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocyte lymphopenia, CD4 levels were requested, with normal results (1408). A second issue was the need to rule out a disseminated form of cryptococcosis, as well as the need for antifungal treatment. The cryptococcal antigen was negative, the chest and abdominal CT scan showed no noteworthy findings and the cranial MRI was normal. Given the absence of neurological symptoms and the normality of the complementary tests, lumbar puncture was not performed to rule out meningeal cryptococcosis. On the other hand, in the absence of data of systemic infection (analytical study, CT scan of the chest and abdomen and MRI of the skull with no findings) in an immunocompetent patient, the infection was considered resolved after surgical treatment and it was decided not to perform antifungal treatment. Final diagnosis Cryptococcus neoformans abscess pneumonia manifested as a solitary pulmonary nodule in an immunocompetent patient.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "25-year-old", "woman", "who", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "with", "a", "72-hour", "history", "of", "non-productive", "cough", "and", "respiratory", "sounds", ",", "without", "fever", "or", "other", "accompanying", "symptoms", ".", "She", "lived", "in", "an", "urban", "area", "and", "had", "contact", "with", "domestic", "animals", "(", "canary", "and", "dogs", ")", ".", "She", "had", "no", "drug", "allergies", "or", "family", "or", "personal", "history", "of", "interest", ",", "except", "for", "active", "smoking", "(", "7", "packs", "/", "year", ")", ".", "A", "chest", "X-ray", "taken", "in", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "of", "the", "hospital", "where", "he", "consulted", "showed", "a", "rounded", "lesion", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", "and", ",", "given", "the", "respiratory", "symptoms", ",", "with", "suspicion", "of", "community-acquired", "pneumonia", ",", "he", "was", "started", "on", "treatment", "with", "levofloxacin", "500", "mg", "every", "24", "hours", ".", "After", "7", "days", "of", "treatment", "the", "symptoms", "disappeared", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "seen", "in", "the", "outpatient", "pulmonology", "department", "of", "another", "centre", ".", "A", "control", "chest", "X-ray", "performed", "one", "month", "after", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "symptoms", "showed", "the", "persistence", "of", "a", "rounded", ",", "well-defined", "image", ",", "about", "3", "cm", "in", "diameter", ",", "located", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", ",", "and", "a", "study", "of", "a", "solitary", "pulmonary", "nodule", "(", "SPN", ")", "was", "initiated", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "SPN", "is", "defined", "radiologically", "as", "a", "single", "intraparenchymal", "pulmonary", "lesion", ",", "round", "or", "oval", ",", "with", "well-defined", "borders", "and", "a", "diameter", "of", "no", "more", "than", "3", "cm", ".", "It", "can", "be", "the", "presenting", "form", "of", "both", "benign", "and", "malignant", "processes", ",", "constituting", "a", "diagnostic", "challenge", ".", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "SPN", "is", "discussed", "below", ":", "Malignant", "causes", "(", "40-50", "%", ")", ".", "1", ".", "Primary", "lung", "neoplasia", ".", "Adenocarcinoma", "is", "the", "most", "common", "histological", "subtype", "presenting", "as", "SPN", ",", "accounting", "for", "30-50", "%", "of", "malignant", "lesions", ",", "followed", "by", "squamous", "cell", "carcinoma", "with", "10-37", "%", ".", "Carcinoid", "tumours", "are", "typically", "endobronchial", ".", "However", ",", "20", "%", "present", "as", "peripheral", "SPN", "with", "well-defined", "borders", ".", "2", ".", "Pulmonary", "metastases", ".", "Although", "they", "commonly", "present", "as", "multiple", "pulmonary", "nodules", ",", "they", "can", "also", "present", "as", "SPNs", "as", "in", "the", "case", "of", "melanoma", ",", "sarcoma", "and", "carcinomas", "of", "the", "colon", ",", "breast", ",", "kidney", "and", "testis", ".", "They", "account", "for", "less", "than", "10", "%", "of", "all", "SPNs", ".", "3", ".", "Others", ":", "primary", "extranodal", "lymphoma", ",", "plasmacytoma", ",", "schwannoma", ".", "Benign", "causes", "(", "50-60", "%", ")", "Infectious", ".", "Infectious", "granulomas", "cause", "approximately", "80", "%", "of", "benign", "SPNs", ".", "Tuberculosis", "and", "fungal", "infections", "(", "histoplasmosis", ",", "coccidioidomycosis", ",", "cryptococcosis", "and", "blastomycosis", ")", "may", "be", "the", "origin", "of", "these", ".", "Other", "less", "common", "infectious", "causes", "are", "bacterial", "abscesses", ",", "aspergilloma", "and", "Pneumocystis", "jirovecii", "infection", ".", "2", ".", "Benign", "tumours", ".", "Hamartomas", "cause", "10", "%", "of", "benign", "pulmonary", "nodules", ".", "Other", "less", "common", "causes", "are", "fibromas", ",", "lipomas", ",", "leiomyomas", ",", "haemangiomas", ",", "amyloidoma", "and", "pneumocytoma", ".", "Vascular", ".", "These", "include", "arteriovenous", "malformations", ",", "contusions", "and", "pulmonary", "infarctions", ".", "4", ".", "Inflammatory", ".", "The", "following", "systemic", "diseases", "should", "be", "highlighted", "as", "causes", "of", "SPN", ":", "-", "Wegener", "'", "s", "granulomatosis", "-", "Rheumatoid", "arthritis", "-", "Sarcoidosis", "5", ".", "Congenital", "malformations", "such", "as", "bronchogenic", "cyst", ".", "Focusing", "on", "our", "case", ",", "we", "are", "dealing", "with", "a", "young", "patient", ",", "immunocompetent", "in", "principle", ",", "with", "no", "family", "or", "personal", "history", "of", "neoplastic", "disease", ".", "In", "the", "case", "of", "a", "NPS", "of", "tumour", "aetiology", ",", "it", "could", "correspond", "to", "a", "primary", "lung", "neoplasm", "of", "early", "presentation", "in", "a", "female", "smoker", ",", "or", "a", "hamartoma", ",", "as", "it", "is", "the", "most", "common", "benign", "tumour", ".", "Among", "the", "infectious", "causes", ",", "most", "are", "rare", "infections", "in", "non-immunosuppressed", "patients", ",", "with", "the", "exception", "of", "tuberculosis", ".", "Therefore", ",", "in", "principle", ",", "unless", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "have", "an", "immunodeficiency", "that", "is", "not", "known", "at", "this", "time", ",", "it", "would", "be", "an", "unlikely", "aetiology", ".", "Although", "it", "could", "be", "the", "presentation", "of", "a", "systemic", "disease", ",", "the", "absence", "of", "other", "clinical", "data", "makes", "this", "diagnosis", "less", "likely", "in", "principle", ".", "Finally", ",", "among", "the", "less", "frequent", "causes", ",", "a", "vascular", "or", "congenital", "malformation", "could", "be", "the", "cause", "of", "the", "radiological", "lesion", ".", "Evolution", "Given", "the", "persistence", "of", "the", "lesion", "on", "chest", "X-ray", ",", "computed", "axial", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "of", "the", "chest", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "showed", "a", "5", "cm", "lung", "consolidation", ",", "rounded", ",", "with", "polylobulated", "edges", "and", "air", "bronchogram", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "cavitation", "in", "the", "posterior", "segment", "of", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "fibrobroncopy", "was", "performed", ",", "showing", "an", "inflammatory", "stenosis", "in", "the", "apical", "segment", "of", "the", "right", "main", "bronchus", "with", "no", "other", "findings", ",", "which", "was", "biopsied", ".", "The", "biopsy", "samples", "obtained", "showed", "no", "findings", "of", "neoplastic", "cells", ".", "Sputum", "smear", "microscopy", "and", "bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "culture", "in", "conventional", "and", "Lowestein", "medium", "were", "negative", ".", "No", "samples", "were", "processed", "for", "fungal", "culture", ".", "At", "that", "time", ",", "general", "laboratory", "tests", "showed", "no", "significant", "findings", "and", "serology", "was", "negative", "for", "hepatitis", "B", ",", "C", "and", "human", "immunodeficiency", "virus", "(", "HIV", ")", "on", "two", "occasions", ".", "Given", "the", "uncertainty", "of", "a", "neoplastic", "origin", "of", "the", "lesion", "and", "the", "lack", "of", "conclusive", "results", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "an", "exploratory", "videothoracoscopy", ".", "Right", "bisegmentectomy", "and", "lymphadenectomy", "were", "performed", ".", "The", "pathological", "anatomy", "of", "the", "surgical", "specimen", "showed", "no", "findings", "of", "neoplastic", "disease", ".", "Histology", "was", "compatible", "with", "pure", "histiocytic", "granuloma", ",", "with", "Grocott", "and", "PAS", "techniques", "revealing", "the", "presence", "of", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", ".", "At", "this", "point", "the", "patient", "was", "referred", "to", "us", ".", "On", "the", "first", "visit", "to", "our", "clinic", "she", "was", "asymptomatic", "and", "the", "general", "examination", "was", "strictly", "normal", ".", "The", "first", "step", "was", "to", "rule", "out", "any", "type", "of", "immunodeficiency", "due", "to", "the", "unexpected", "finding", "of", "pulmonary", "cryptococcosis", ".", "We", "performed", "a", "new", "HIV", "serology", ",", "as", "well", "as", "an", "autoimmunity", "study", "with", "negative", "results", ",", "and", "the", "quantification", "of", "complement", "and", "immunoglobulins", "was", "normal", ".", "In", "order", "to", "rule", "out", "idiopathic", "CD4", "T-lymphocyte", "lymphopenia", ",", "CD4", "levels", "were", "requested", ",", "with", "normal", "results", "(", "1408", ")", ".", "A", "second", "issue", "was", "the", "need", "to", "rule", "out", "a", "disseminated", "form", "of", "cryptococcosis", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "need", "for", "antifungal", "treatment", ".", "The", "cryptococcal", "antigen", "was", "negative", ",", "the", "chest", "and", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "showed", "no", "noteworthy", "findings", "and", "the", "cranial", "MRI", "was", "normal", ".", "Given", "the", "absence", "of", "neurological", "symptoms", "and", "the", "normality", "of", "the", "complementary", "tests", ",", "lumbar", "puncture", "was", "not", "performed", "to", "rule", "out", "meningeal", "cryptococcosis", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "data", "of", "systemic", "infection", "(", "analytical", "study", ",", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "chest", "and", "abdomen", "and", "MRI", "of", "the", "skull", "with", "no", "findings", ")", "in", "an", "immunocompetent", "patient", ",", "the", "infection", "was", "considered", "resolved", "after", "surgical", "treatment", "and", "it", "was", "decided", "not", "to", "perform", "antifungal", "treatment", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", "abscess", "pneumonia", "manifested", "as", "a", "solitary", "pulmonary", "nodule", "in", "an", "immunocompetent", "patient", "." ]
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en
Anamnesis A 73-year-old man with a history of stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a history of transurethral resection of the prostate 12 years ago. He was referred from another centre with a diagnosis of left orchitis of 24 hours' evolution after presenting with acute scrotal pain without a justified cause, due to poor response to treatment and worsening general condition with signs of necrosis of the scrotal skin. Physical examination Conscious, oriented, Glasgow 15. Heart rate 80 bpm, blood pressure 120/70 mmHg, SO2 94%. Pulmonary and cardiac auscultation without significant findings. Abdomen: globular, soft, depressible, non-painful, with no signs of peritoneal irritation. External genitalia: urethral catheter, enlarged and erythematous scrotum extending to the bilateral inguinal and suprapubic region, not painful on palpation and with a large necrotic plaque at the level of the median raphe with subcutaneous crepitus. Complementary tests - CBC (on admission): haemoglobin 11.7 g/dl, haematocrit 34, leukocytes 13.9 mil/mm3, neutrophils 95%. Platelets 78 mil/mm3, creatinine 4.2 mg/dl, basal glucose 185 mg/dl. - Arterial blood gases: pH 7.24, pO2 78 mmHg, pCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3 17 mmol/l. Diagnosis With the diagnosis of sepsis secondary to possible necrotising fasciitis, emergency surgery was proposed. Treatment Antibiotic treatment with linezolid, meropenem and intravenous metronidazole was started. During the operation, the bladder catheter was replaced by suprapubic cystotomy and extensive debridement was performed with exeresis of all the necrotic tissue that affected from Buck's fascia surrounding the corpora cavernosa and spongiosum to the subcutaneous cellular tissue, tunica vaginalis of both testicles (not affected), reaching the superficial inguinal orifices and the suprapubic region, especially on the left side, as well as the perineal region. Rectal examination was performed, revealing in time 12 and distal to the sphincter a foreign body with a sharp, hard consistency, approximately 3-4 cm in length, which was sent to the Pathology Department. Two Penrose type drains are left in the counter incision, one in the region of the perineal declivity and the other in the left inguinal region. Tissue samples were sent for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. After completion of the operation, the discovery of the foreign body was discussed with the family, who warned us of the patient's habit of defecating in the field, cleaning himself with stones and bushes. Evolution During the operation, the patient remained unstable, with a tendency to hypotension and tachyarrhythmia, and was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). After 5 days in the ICU, he was transferred to the urology ward in good general condition, afebrile, haemodynamically stable and with a good appearance of the surgical wound. Bacteriology: positive for Escherichia coli and Streptococcus viridans. Antibiotic therapy was adjusted according to the antibiogram. On the tenth postoperative day, under general anaesthesia, the wound was checked and the edges were approximated. After receiving rehabilitative treatment and after checking spontaneous urination following the removal of the bladder size, the patient was discharged from hospital 23 days after admission. Pathological anatomy: 3.2 cm long piece in the shape of a thorn corresponding to the histological structure of bone.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "73-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "stroke", ",", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "and", "a", "history", "of", "transurethral", "resection", "of", "the", "prostate", "12", "years", "ago", ".", "He", "was", "referred", "from", "another", "centre", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "left", "orchitis", "of", "24", "hours", "'", "evolution", "after", "presenting", "with", "acute", "scrotal", "pain", "without", "a", "justified", "cause", ",", "due", "to", "poor", "response", "to", "treatment", "and", "worsening", "general", "condition", "with", "signs", "of", "necrosis", "of", "the", "scrotal", "skin", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Conscious", ",", "oriented", ",", "Glasgow", "15", ".", "Heart", "rate", "80", "bpm", ",", "blood", "pressure", "120", "/", "70", "mmHg", ",", "SO2", "94", "%", ".", "Pulmonary", "and", "cardiac", "auscultation", "without", "significant", "findings", ".", "Abdomen", ":", "globular", ",", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "non-painful", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "peritoneal", "irritation", ".", "External", "genitalia", ":", "urethral", "catheter", ",", "enlarged", "and", "erythematous", "scrotum", "extending", "to", "the", "bilateral", "inguinal", "and", "suprapubic", "region", ",", "not", "painful", "on", "palpation", "and", "with", "a", "large", "necrotic", "plaque", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "median", "raphe", "with", "subcutaneous", "crepitus", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "CBC", "(", "on", "admission", ")", ":", "haemoglobin", "11", ".", "7", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "haematocrit", "34", ",", "leukocytes", "13", ".", "9", "mil", "/", "mm3", ",", "neutrophils", "95", "%", ".", "Platelets", "78", "mil", "/", "mm3", ",", "creatinine", "4", ".", "2", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "basal", "glucose", "185", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "-", "Arterial", "blood", "gases", ":", "pH", "7", ".", "24", ",", "pO2", "78", "mmHg", ",", "pCO2", "42", "mmHg", ",", "HCO3", "17", "mmol", "/", "l", ".", "Diagnosis", "With", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "sepsis", "secondary", "to", "possible", "necrotising", "fasciitis", ",", "emergency", "surgery", "was", "proposed", ".", "Treatment", "Antibiotic", "treatment", "with", "linezolid", ",", "meropenem", "and", "intravenous", "metronidazole", "was", "started", ".", "During", "the", "operation", ",", "the", "bladder", "catheter", "was", "replaced", "by", "suprapubic", "cystotomy", "and", "extensive", "debridement", "was", "performed", "with", "exeresis", "of", "all", "the", "necrotic", "tissue", "that", "affected", "from", "Buck", "'", "s", "fascia", "surrounding", "the", "corpora", "cavernosa", "and", "spongiosum", "to", "the", "subcutaneous", "cellular", "tissue", ",", "tunica", "vaginalis", "of", "both", "testicles", "(", "not", "affected", ")", ",", "reaching", "the", "superficial", "inguinal", "orifices", "and", "the", "suprapubic", "region", ",", "especially", "on", "the", "left", "side", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "perineal", "region", ".", "Rectal", "examination", "was", "performed", ",", "revealing", "in", "time", "12", "and", "distal", "to", "the", "sphincter", "a", "foreign", "body", "with", "a", "sharp", ",", "hard", "consistency", ",", "approximately", "3-4", "cm", "in", "length", ",", "which", "was", "sent", "to", "the", "Pathology", "Department", ".", "Two", "Penrose", "type", "drains", "are", "left", "in", "the", "counter", "incision", ",", "one", "in", "the", "region", "of", "the", "perineal", "declivity", "and", "the", "other", "in", "the", "left", "inguinal", "region", ".", "Tissue", "samples", "were", "sent", "for", "aerobic", "and", "anaerobic", "microorganisms", ".", "After", "completion", "of", "the", "operation", ",", "the", "discovery", "of", "the", "foreign", "body", "was", "discussed", "with", "the", "family", ",", "who", "warned", "us", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "habit", "of", "defecating", "in", "the", "field", ",", "cleaning", "himself", "with", "stones", "and", "bushes", ".", "Evolution", "During", "the", "operation", ",", "the", "patient", "remained", "unstable", ",", "with", "a", "tendency", "to", "hypotension", "and", "tachyarrhythmia", ",", "and", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", "(", "ICU", ")", ".", "After", "5", "days", "in", "the", "ICU", ",", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "urology", "ward", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "afebrile", ",", "haemodynamically", "stable", "and", "with", "a", "good", "appearance", "of", "the", "surgical", "wound", ".", "Bacteriology", ":", "positive", "for", "Escherichia", "coli", "and", "Streptococcus", "viridans", ".", "Antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "adjusted", "according", "to", "the", "antibiogram", ".", "On", "the", "tenth", "postoperative", "day", ",", "under", "general", "anaesthesia", ",", "the", "wound", "was", "checked", "and", "the", "edges", "were", "approximated", ".", "After", "receiving", "rehabilitative", "treatment", "and", "after", "checking", "spontaneous", "urination", "following", "the", "removal", "of", "the", "bladder", "size", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "from", "hospital", "23", "days", "after", "admission", ".", "Pathological", "anatomy", ":", "3", ".", "2", "cm", "long", "piece", "in", "the", "shape", "of", "a", "thorn", "corresponding", "to", "the", "histological", "structure", "of", "bone", "." ]
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[ { "text": "family", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2411, "end": 2417 }, { "text": "aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2281, "end": 2317 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2440, "end": 2447 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2562, "end": 2569 }, { "text": "Bacteriology", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2870, "end": 2882 }, { "text": "Escherichia coli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2897, "end": 2913 }, { "text": "Streptococcus viridans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2918, "end": 2940 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 53-year-old man with a history of arterial hypertension, he is a goatherd by profession; his work consists not only of looking after and milking the goats but also of making goat's cheese. He takes enalapril as a regular treatment. He reports the appearance 7 days ago of an asymptomatic lesion on the dorsum of the palm of the right hand, with progressive growth. Subsequently, for the last 2 days, he has had a similar lesion on the dorsum of the second finger of the contralateral hand, but of a smaller size. She had no fever or other symptoms. Physical examination Examination revealed a violaceous nodule measuring 2.5 centimetres in diameter, with a slight perilesional erythema and some ulcerated area on the palm of the right hand, which did not fluctuate or ooze. Slight discomfort on palpation. On the lateral aspect of the second finger of the left hand there was a lesion of the same characteristics, but smaller in size. Complementary examinations A skin biopsy was performed showing epidermal necrosis with proliferation in the dermis of numerous vessels and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. A sample was sent to microbiology, where particles of the parapoxvirus genus were identified by electron microscopy. Diagnosis Orf's nodule. Treatment Given the scarce symptomatology, it was decided not to treat, but simply to observe the evolution. Evolution After a few weeks both lesions had resolved.
[ "Anamnesis", "A", "53-year-old", "man", "with", "a", "history", "of", "arterial", "hypertension", ",", "he", "is", "a", "goatherd", "by", "profession", ";", "his", "work", "consists", "not", "only", "of", "looking", "after", "and", "milking", "the", "goats", "but", "also", "of", "making", "goat", "'", "s", "cheese", ".", "He", "takes", "enalapril", "as", "a", "regular", "treatment", ".", "He", "reports", "the", "appearance", "7", "days", "ago", "of", "an", "asymptomatic", "lesion", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "palm", "of", "the", "right", "hand", ",", "with", "progressive", "growth", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "for", "the", "last", "2", "days", ",", "he", "has", "had", "a", "similar", "lesion", "on", "the", "dorsum", "of", "the", "second", "finger", "of", "the", "contralateral", "hand", ",", "but", "of", "a", "smaller", "size", ".", "She", "had", "no", "fever", "or", "other", "symptoms", ".", "Physical", "examination", "Examination", "revealed", "a", "violaceous", "nodule", "measuring", "2", ".", "5", "centimetres", "in", "diameter", ",", "with", "a", "slight", "perilesional", "erythema", "and", "some", "ulcerated", "area", "on", "the", "palm", "of", "the", "right", "hand", ",", "which", "did", "not", "fluctuate", "or", "ooze", ".", "Slight", "discomfort", "on", "palpation", ".", "On", "the", "lateral", "aspect", "of", "the", "second", "finger", "of", "the", "left", "hand", "there", "was", "a", "lesion", "of", "the", "same", "characteristics", ",", "but", "smaller", "in", "size", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "A", "skin", "biopsy", "was", "performed", "showing", "epidermal", "necrosis", "with", "proliferation", "in", "the", "dermis", "of", "numerous", "vessels", "and", "a", "mixed", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", ".", "A", "sample", "was", "sent", "to", "microbiology", ",", "where", "particles", "of", "the", "parapoxvirus", "genus", "were", "identified", "by", "electron", "microscopy", ".", "Diagnosis", "Orf", "'", "s", "nodule", ".", "Treatment", "Given", "the", "scarce", "symptomatology", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "not", "to", "treat", ",", "but", "simply", "to", "observe", "the", "evolution", ".", "Evolution", "After", "a", "few", "weeks", "both", "lesions", "had", "resolved", "." ]
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[ { "text": "goat", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 186, "end": 190 }, { "text": "goats", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 161, "end": 166 }, { "text": "parapoxvirus genus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1179, "end": 1197 } ]
en
We present the case of a 51 year old male, who in 2001 was diagnosed with Common Variable Immunodeficiency; after various infectious complications, he started immunoglobulin replacement therapy in 2005. In the context of immunosuppression, he developed chronic disseminated granulomatous disease with gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cutaneous and splenic involvement (giant splenomegaly requiring splenectomy). Throughout the course of the disease, he developed uveitis of the right eye without a clear response to cyclosporine A, but with a partial response to high-dose prednisone, which has been chronically maintained (30 mg/day for the last 6 years). At one of the check-ups, the patient presented with symptoms of general malaise, headache that increased with Valsalva manoeuvres, fever of up to 39oC and photophobia for two weeks. She was admitted for tests, with no significant findings; a cranial CT scan was performed, which showed no alterations except for the known chronic sinupathy. After lumbar puncture, CSF showed increased cellularity (76 cells) with 74% mononuclear cells, hyperproteinorrachia, normal glucose and normal ADA. Microbiological examinations were normal (gram, aerobic culture, microscopy and multiplex PCR) except for positive India ink staining, positive Cryptococcus neoformans antigen detection and fungal culture growth of the same microorganism. The clinical diagnosis was subacute meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans, so the patient started antifungal treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine, until completing 5 weeks of treatment. After verifying clinical disappearance and normalisation of CSF biochemistry, together with microbiological negativisation of the CSF, oral fluconazole was started and the patient was discharged with outpatient follow-up.
[ "We", "present", "the", "case", "of", "a", "51", "year", "old", "male", ",", "who", "in", "2001", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "Common", "Variable", "Immunodeficiency", ";", "after", "various", "infectious", "complications", ",", "he", "started", "immunoglobulin", "replacement", "therapy", "in", "2005", ".", "In", "the", "context", "of", "immunosuppression", ",", "he", "developed", "chronic", "disseminated", "granulomatous", "disease", "with", "gastrointestinal", ",", "hepatic", ",", "renal", ",", "cutaneous", "and", "splenic", "involvement", "(", "giant", "splenomegaly", "requiring", "splenectomy", ")", ".", "Throughout", "the", "course", "of", "the", "disease", ",", "he", "developed", "uveitis", "of", "the", "right", "eye", "without", "a", "clear", "response", "to", "cyclosporine", "A", ",", "but", "with", "a", "partial", "response", "to", "high-dose", "prednisone", ",", "which", "has", "been", "chronically", "maintained", "(", "30", "mg", "/", "day", "for", "the", "last", "6", "years", ")", ".", "At", "one", "of", "the", "check-ups", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "with", "symptoms", "of", "general", "malaise", ",", "headache", "that", "increased", "with", "Valsalva", "manoeuvres", ",", "fever", "of", "up", "to", "39oC", "and", "photophobia", "for", "two", "weeks", ".", "She", "was", "admitted", "for", "tests", ",", "with", "no", "significant", "findings", ";", "a", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "showed", "no", "alterations", "except", "for", "the", "known", "chronic", "sinupathy", ".", "After", "lumbar", "puncture", ",", "CSF", "showed", "increased", "cellularity", "(", "76", "cells", ")", "with", "74", "%", "mononuclear", "cells", ",", "hyperproteinorrachia", ",", "normal", "glucose", "and", "normal", "ADA", ".", "Microbiological", "examinations", "were", "normal", "(", "gram", ",", "aerobic", "culture", ",", "microscopy", "and", "multiplex", "PCR", ")", "except", "for", "positive", "India", "ink", "staining", ",", "positive", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", "antigen", "detection", "and", "fungal", "culture", "growth", "of", "the", "same", "microorganism", ".", "The", "clinical", "diagnosis", "was", "subacute", "meningitis", "due", "to", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", ",", "so", "the", "patient", "started", "antifungal", "treatment", "with", "liposomal", "amphotericin", "B", "and", "flucytosine", ",", "until", "completing", "5", "weeks", "of", "treatment", ".", "After", "verifying", "clinical", "disappearance", "and", "normalisation", "of", "CSF", "biochemistry", ",", "together", "with", "microbiological", "negativisation", "of", "the", "CSF", ",", "oral", "fluconazole", "was", "started", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "with", "outpatient", "follow-up", "." ]
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[ { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 37, "end": 41 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 687, "end": 694 }, { "text": "Cryptococcus neoformans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1291, "end": 1314 }, { "text": "Cryptococcus neoformans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1440, "end": 1463 }, { "text": "antifungal", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1488, "end": 1498 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1472, "end": 1479 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1767, "end": 1774 } ]
en
Male patient, 33 years old, with a history of end-stage chronic renal failure secondary to polycystic disease. He was transplanted from a deceased donor at another institution in 2007. He received immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. In March 2012 he underwent a renal biopsy that reported acute cellular rejection Banff IA. He received treatment with methylprednisolone 1500 mg, prednisone 50 mg per day, mycophenolate 3000 mg per day and tacrolimus XL 7 mg per day. One month later, the patient presented with fever, frontal and retro-ocular headache, with decreased sensitivity in the right hemiface. He was evaluated and diagnosed with acute sinusitis and was started on treatment with amoxicillin. The patient did not improve and began to present ocular proptosis, oedema of the right upper jaw, greenish rhinorrhoea, diplopia, epiphora, ulcer in the palate, convulsions and azotemia. For this reason he was referred to our institution. On admission he was feverish, with oedema in the right hemicara, extensive ulcer on the hard palate, ocular proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, loss of vision in the right eye and altered renal function. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed involvement of the paranasal sinuses, right orbit, frontal lobe, cavernous sinuses, right basal ganglia and ipsilateral area of the thalamus. With these findings, a diagnosis of MROC was made, so liposomal amphotericin B was started, immunosuppression was suspended and the patient underwent radical multidisciplinary surgery, where sinusitis drainage, drainage of the right frontal brain abscess, extensive resection of the soft and bony tissues of the right hemiface, enucleation, tracheostomy and gastrostomy were performed. Cultures and pathology confirmed Mucor infection. Additionally E. cloacae, C. sedlakii, K pneumoniae BLEE (β-lactamase extended spectrum enzyme-lactamase) positive were isolated. A magnetic resonance imaging check still shows involvement of the disease in the brain. However, given the extent and serious sequelae of more radical surgery, it was decided to continue medical management. For this reason, treatment was completed for 6 weeks after radical surgery with liposomal amphotericin B, meropenem, linezolid and posaconazole plus twice-weekly dressings. Subsequently he was discharged with posaconazole 400 mg every 12 hours, cyclosporine 50 mg every 12 hours, prednisone 5 mg daily and nutrition by gastrostomy. Six months later the patient was in good general condition, with no signs of active infection and with acceptable renal graft function (creatinine 1.5 mg/dl). He underwent successful surgical reconstruction. Six months after reconstruction the patient is in good general condition and is currently planning to complete his facial reconstruction process.
[ "Male", "patient", ",", "33", "years", "old", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "end-stage", "chronic", "renal", "failure", "secondary", "to", "polycystic", "disease", ".", "He", "was", "transplanted", "from", "a", "deceased", "donor", "at", "another", "institution", "in", "2007", ".", "He", "received", "immunosuppressive", "treatment", "with", "prednisone", ",", "tacrolimus", "and", "mycophenolate", "mofetil", ".", "In", "March", "2012", "he", "underwent", "a", "renal", "biopsy", "that", "reported", "acute", "cellular", "rejection", "Banff", "IA", ".", "He", "received", "treatment", "with", "methylprednisolone", "1500", "mg", ",", "prednisone", "50", "mg", "per", "day", ",", "mycophenolate", "3000", "mg", "per", "day", "and", "tacrolimus", "XL", "7", "mg", "per", "day", ".", "One", "month", "later", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "with", "fever", ",", "frontal", "and", "retro-ocular", "headache", ",", "with", "decreased", "sensitivity", "in", "the", "right", "hemiface", ".", "He", "was", "evaluated", "and", "diagnosed", "with", "acute", "sinusitis", "and", "was", "started", "on", "treatment", "with", "amoxicillin", ".", "The", "patient", "did", "not", "improve", "and", "began", "to", "present", "ocular", "proptosis", ",", "oedema", "of", "the", "right", "upper", "jaw", ",", "greenish", "rhinorrhoea", ",", "diplopia", ",", "epiphora", ",", "ulcer", "in", "the", "palate", ",", "convulsions", "and", "azotemia", ".", "For", "this", "reason", "he", "was", "referred", "to", "our", "institution", ".", "On", "admission", "he", "was", "feverish", ",", "with", "oedema", "in", "the", "right", "hemicara", ",", "extensive", "ulcer", "on", "the", "hard", "palate", ",", "ocular", "proptosis", ",", "ophthalmoplegia", ",", "loss", "of", "vision", "in", "the", "right", "eye", "and", "altered", "renal", "function", ".", "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "of", "the", "brain", "showed", "involvement", "of", "the", "paranasal", "sinuses", ",", "right", "orbit", ",", "frontal", "lobe", ",", "cavernous", "sinuses", ",", "right", "basal", "ganglia", "and", "ipsilateral", "area", "of", "the", "thalamus", ".", "With", "these", "findings", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "MROC", "was", "made", ",", "so", "liposomal", "amphotericin", "B", "was", "started", ",", "immunosuppression", "was", "suspended", "and", "the", "patient", "underwent", "radical", "multidisciplinary", "surgery", ",", "where", "sinusitis", "drainage", ",", "drainage", "of", "the", "right", "frontal", "brain", "abscess", ",", "extensive", "resection", "of", "the", "soft", "and", "bony", "tissues", "of", "the", "right", "hemiface", ",", "enucleation", ",", "tracheostomy", "and", "gastrostomy", "were", "performed", ".", "Cultures", "and", "pathology", "confirmed", "Mucor", "infection", ".", "Additionally", "E", ".", "cloacae", ",", "C", ".", "sedlakii", ",", "K", "pneumoniae", "BLEE", "(", "β-lactamase", "extended", "spectrum", "enzyme-lactamase", ")", "positive", "were", "isolated", ".", "A", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "check", "still", "shows", "involvement", "of", "the", "disease", "in", "the", "brain", ".", "However", ",", "given", "the", "extent", "and", "serious", "sequelae", "of", "more", "radical", "surgery", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "continue", "medical", "management", ".", "For", "this", "reason", ",", "treatment", "was", "completed", "for", "6", "weeks", "after", "radical", "surgery", "with", "liposomal", "amphotericin", "B", ",", "meropenem", ",", "linezolid", "and", "posaconazole", "plus", "twice-weekly", "dressings", ".", "Subsequently", "he", "was", "discharged", "with", "posaconazole", "400", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", ",", "cyclosporine", "50", "mg", "every", "12", "hours", ",", "prednisone", "5", "mg", "daily", "and", "nutrition", "by", "gastrostomy", ".", "Six", "months", "later", "the", "patient", "was", "in", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "active", "infection", "and", "with", "acceptable", "renal", "graft", "function", "(", "creatinine", "1", ".", "5", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", ".", "He", "underwent", "successful", "surgical", "reconstruction", ".", "Six", "months", "after", "reconstruction", "the", "patient", "is", "in", "good", "general", "condition", "and", "is", "currently", "planning", "to", "complete", "his", "facial", "reconstruction", "process", "." ]
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en
We present the case of a 52-year-old male, with no known drug allergies, smoker of 60 packs/year, drinker of more than 70 g of alcohol per day and injecting drug user (IDU) undergoing methadone withdrawal treatment. He was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 1993, with last stage A2, starting antiretroviral treatment with stavudine (d4T), didanosine (ddI) and nevirapine (NVP) with no adherence to it, subsequent abandonment, and poor attendance at regular check-ups, without presenting opportunistic infections or other diseases defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At his last check-up (October 2014), he had a CD4 lymphocyte count of 500-749 cells/mm3 and a viral load of less than 10,000 copies/ml. He was also diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver (Child A) due to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-A infection, for which he initially underwent treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin with a good response, which was finally suspended in May 2014 due to poor compliance. Elastometry, stage F4 (49 Kpa), and ultrasound were requested (the latter not performed by the patient), with the last virological load control in October 2014 quantified at 4,000,000 IU/ml. He also had a history of self-limited episodes of palpable purpuric vasculitic lesions in acral areas with the presence of positive cryoglobulins, compatible with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, under study and follow-up by Dermatology. The patient came to the emergency department of our centre in January 2015, brought by his relative, who reported a significant deterioration in his general condition, bradypsychia, bradypilepsy and disorientation for about three days, with the appearance of purpuric dermatological lesions with accompanying oedema and erythema on the hands, elbows and lower limbs in the last 24 hours. On arrival at the emergency department, he presented with poor general condition, with temporospatial disorientation, incoherent speech and somnolence, with 12 points on the Glasgow scale, ocular response to verbal stimuli and no response to orders or ability to collaborate. He showed signs of dehydration on skin and mucous membranes, with haemodynamic stability (blood pressure 111/80 mmHg and heart rate 62 bpm), and remained afebrile with a tendency to hypothermia (35.4oC). Neurologically, there was no evidence of nuchal rigidity or other meningeal signs, with isochoric and normoreactive pupils and preserved extrinsic ocular movements, with no other appreciable neurological deficits and flexor plantar cutaneous reflexes. Cardiopulmonary examination revealed rhythmic and pure cardiac tones, without audible murmurs, and preserved vesicular murmur without added pathological noises, eupneic with pulse oximetry of 98% on room air. The abdomen is soft and depressible, with no apparent tender points or signs of peritonism, with palpation of hepatomegaly of about 3 cm below the costal margin and preserved hydro-aerial sounds. There were maculopapular and blistering violaceous dermatological lesions on the hands and feet with accompanying oedema and erythema. Additional tests included a complete blood count, coagulation, biochemistry, venous blood gases, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and serial blood cultures. Analytically, leukocytosis of 25050 cells/mm3 with 17443 neutrophils/mm3, lengthening of coagulation times with INR at 3.6, discrete acidosis (pH 7.33, pCO2 36.9 mmHg and HCO3 19. 5 mmol/l), hypoglycaemia (39 mg/dl) and elevated plasma levels of creatinine (2.94 mg/dl), urea (198 mg/dl), potassium (7.2 mEq/l), CPK (1108 U/L), LDH (1150 U/L), GOT (244 U/L), lactate (4.1 mmol/l), procalcitonin (2.2 ng/ ml) and CRP (132.22 mg/l). Chest X-ray and ECG showed no pathological findings. Differential diagnosis The patient was HIV/HCV co-infected with poor adherence to treatment and presented with acute encephalopathy associated with severe deterioration of his general condition, palpable and blistering purpuric skin lesions, erythematous-violaceous lesions on the extremities, a significant elevation of acute phase reactants (neutrophilia, CRP and procalcitonin) and multi-organ failure due to acute or exacerbated chronic renal and hepatic insufficiency. First, in the event of acute meningitis, early empirical antibiotic therapy is administered with intravenous (iv) cefotaxime 2g and dexamethasone. In the event of severe sepsis with probable focus in soft tissue or central nervous system, associated with multi-organ failure, empirical antibiotic therapy is extended with ampicillin and vancomycin, maintaining cefotaxime and corticotherapy. Regarding the encephalopathy, whatever the primary condition in this case, it seems sensible to consider a multifactorial component, and given the patient's chronic HCV infection, even a hepatic predominance of the process with the development of hepatic encephalopathy can be considered. Nor can the presence of an opportunistic infection, an HIV-associated entity or even an AIDS-defining disease be ruled out at this point, and it should be remembered that the patient is an active consumer of intravenous toxins. Finally, we must not forget the possibility that the current symptoms may be secondary to the suspected mixed cryoglobulinaemia in this patient. Evolution In the hours following his admission for observation, the patient developed progressive deterioration of his general and analytical condition, with a tendency towards hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnoea and worsening of the encephalopathic symptoms and the dermatological lesions, which became widespread in the extremities and intensely painful, Most of the lesions were blisters on an erythematous-violaceous background, while others were necrotic in content, some showing a solution of continuity and loss of substance with slight bleeding, along with others with a scar-like appearance of pinkish colouring and palpable purpuric lesions on the thighs and arms. Assessment by the Intensive Care Department was requested, which indicated admission to the Intensive Care Unit. During the first hours of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), thrombocytopenia (76,000 platelets) associated with the lengthening of coagulation times detected in the Emergency Department was observed, which was maintained during admission, and therefore it was decided not to perform a lumbar puncture or other invasive diagnostic techniques. He was assessed jointly by the Infectious Diseases, Dermatology and Intensive Care departments to coordinate a therapeutic strategy, deciding to maintain the aforementioned empirical antibiotherapy, adding antiretroviral therapy with doluteglavir, tenofovir and emtricitabine and postponing the start of specific treatment for HCV depending on the patient's recovery. It was also decided to start treatment with cyclophosphamide due to the high suspicion of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Similarly, antibiotic prophylaxis was started given the patient's baseline pathology in the absence of stable treatment. 72 hours after admission to hospital, Microbiology reported yeast growth in the blood cultures taken on admission, so empirical treatment with caspofungin was started. Finally, the fungus was identified as Candida albicans, but the focus of the fungus was not elucidated, and antifungal treatment was de-escalated to fluconazole. On the sixth day of admission, Mycobiology again reported the growth of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in the blood cultures initially extracted. The patient was assessed by the Ophthalmology department, which found no alterations in the fundus examination; Cardiology, which performed transthoracic echocardiography, detecting significant pulmonary hypertension (80mmHg) with dilatation of the right chambers, dilated left atrium, preserved systolic function and absence of intracavitary lesions; and Rheumatology, which reported cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and advised maintaining corticotherapy and treatment with cyclophosphamide. A cranial CT scan was also performed, which was normal, as was the HIV viral load (373,000 copies/ml) and cell count (200 CD4/mm3). The patient began to progress favourably, with improvement in renal, hepatic and neurological function, dermatological lesions, and a decrease in acute phase reactants. Once stabilised, he was transferred to the Infectious Diseases ward, where he continued to progress favourably until discharge 21 days after admission. Definitive diagnosis The patient was discharged with the diagnoses of mixed cryoglobulinaemia secondary to HIV/HCV coinfection with development of severe sepsis of probable soft tissue origin with Candida albicans candidemia and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, acute encephalopathy of multifactorial aetiology (hepatic encephalopathy and/or encephalopathy associated with sepsis (EAS).
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"check-up", "(", "October", "2014", ")", ",", "he", "had", "a", "CD4", "lymphocyte", "count", "of", "500-749", "cells", "/", "mm3", "and", "a", "viral", "load", "of", "less", "than", "10", ",", "000", "copies", "/", "ml", ".", "He", "was", "also", "diagnosed", "with", "cirrhosis", "of", "the", "liver", "(", "Child", "A", ")", "due", "to", "chronic", "hepatitis", "C", "virus", "(", "HCV", ")", "genotype", "1-A", "infection", ",", "for", "which", "he", "initially", "underwent", "treatment", "with", "pegylated", "interferon", "and", "ribavirin", "with", "a", "good", "response", ",", "which", "was", "finally", "suspended", "in", "May", "2014", "due", "to", "poor", "compliance", ".", "Elastometry", ",", "stage", "F4", "(", "49", "Kpa", ")", ",", "and", "ultrasound", "were", "requested", "(", "the", "latter", "not", "performed", "by", "the", "patient", ")", ",", "with", "the", "last", "virological", "load", "control", "in", "October", "2014", "quantified", "at", "4", ",", "000", ",", "000", "IU", "/", "ml", ".", "He", "also", "had", "a", "history", "of", "self-limited", "episodes", "of", "palpable", "purpuric", "vasculitic", "lesions", "in", "acral", "areas", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "positive", "cryoglobulins", ",", "compatible", "with", "mixed", "cryoglobulinaemia", ",", "under", "study", "and", "follow-up", "by", "Dermatology", ".", "The", "patient", "came", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "of", "our", "centre", "in", "January", "2015", ",", "brought", "by", "his", "relative", ",", "who", "reported", "a", "significant", "deterioration", "in", "his", "general", "condition", ",", "bradypsychia", ",", "bradypilepsy", "and", "disorientation", "for", "about", "three", "days", ",", "with", "the", "appearance", "of", "purpuric", "dermatological", "lesions", "with", "accompanying", "oedema", "and", "erythema", "on", "the", "hands", ",", "elbows", "and", "lower", "limbs", "in", "the", "last", "24", "hours", ".", "On", "arrival", "at", "the", "emergency", "department", ",", "he", "presented", "with", "poor", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "temporospatial", "disorientation", ",", "incoherent", "speech", "and", "somnolence", ",", "with", "12", "points", "on", "the", "Glasgow", "scale", ",", "ocular", "response", "to", "verbal", "stimuli", "and", "no", "response", "to", "orders", "or", "ability", "to", "collaborate", ".", "He", "showed", "signs", "of", "dehydration", "on", "skin", "and", "mucous", "membranes", ",", "with", "haemodynamic", "stability", "(", "blood", "pressure", "111", "/", "80", "mmHg", "and", "heart", "rate", "62", "bpm", ")", ",", "and", "remained", "afebrile", "with", "a", "tendency", "to", "hypothermia", "(", "35", ".", "4oC", ")", ".", "Neurologically", ",", "there", "was", "no", "evidence", "of", "nuchal", "rigidity", "or", "other", "meningeal", "signs", ",", "with", "isochoric", "and", "normoreactive", "pupils", "and", "preserved", "extrinsic", "ocular", "movements", ",", "with", "no", "other", "appreciable", "neurological", "deficits", "and", "flexor", "plantar", "cutaneous", "reflexes", ".", "Cardiopulmonary", "examination", "revealed", "rhythmic", "and", "pure", "cardiac", "tones", ",", "without", "audible", "murmurs", ",", "and", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", "without", "added", "pathological", "noises", ",", "eupneic", "with", "pulse", "oximetry", "of", "98", "%", "on", "room", "air", ".", "The", "abdomen", "is", "soft", "and", "depressible", ",", "with", "no", "apparent", "tender", "points", "or", "signs", "of", "peritonism", ",", "with", "palpation", "of", "hepatomegaly", "of", "about", "3", "cm", "below", "the", "costal", "margin", "and", "preserved", "hydro-aerial", "sounds", ".", "There", "were", "maculopapular", "and", "blistering", "violaceous", "dermatological", "lesions", "on", "the", "hands", "and", "feet", "with", "accompanying", "oedema", "and", "erythema", ".", "Additional", "tests", "included", "a", "complete", "blood", "count", ",", "coagulation", ",", "biochemistry", ",", "venous", "blood", "gases", ",", "electrocardiogram", ",", "chest", "X-ray", "and", "serial", "blood", "cultures", ".", "Analytically", ",", "leukocytosis", "of", "25050", "cells", "/", "mm3", "with", "17443", "neutrophils", "/", "mm3", ",", "lengthening", "of", "coagulation", "times", "with", "INR", "at", "3", ".", "6", ",", "discrete", "acidosis", "(", "pH", "7", ".", "33", ",", "pCO2", "36", ".", "9", "mmHg", "and", "HCO3", "19", ".", "5", "mmol", "/", "l", ")", ",", "hypoglycaemia", "(", "39", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", "and", "elevated", "plasma", "levels", "of", "creatinine", "(", "2", ".", "94", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", ",", "urea", "(", "198", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", ",", "potassium", "(", "7", ".", "2", "mEq", "/", "l", ")", ",", "CPK", "(", "1108", "U", "/", "L", ")", ",", "LDH", "(", "1150", "U", "/", "L", ")", ",", "GOT", "(", "244", "U", "/", "L", ")", ",", "lactate", "(", "4", ".", "1", "mmol", "/", "l", ")", ",", "procalcitonin", "(", "2", ".", "2", "ng", "/", "ml", ")", "and", "CRP", "(", "132", ".", "22", "mg", "/", "l", ")", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "and", "ECG", "showed", "no", "pathological", "findings", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "The", "patient", "was", "HIV", "/", "HCV", "co-infected", "with", "poor", "adherence", "to", "treatment", "and", "presented", "with", "acute", "encephalopathy", "associated", "with", "severe", "deterioration", "of", "his", "general", "condition", ",", "palpable", "and", "blistering", "purpuric", "skin", "lesions", ",", "erythematous-violaceous", "lesions", "on", "the", "extremities", ",", "a", "significant", "elevation", "of", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "(", "neutrophilia", ",", "CRP", "and", "procalcitonin", ")", "and", "multi-organ", "failure", "due", "to", "acute", "or", "exacerbated", "chronic", "renal", "and", "hepatic", "insufficiency", ".", "First", ",", "in", "the", "event", "of", "acute", "meningitis", ",", "early", "empirical", "antibiotic", "therapy", "is", "administered", "with", "intravenous", "(", "iv", ")", "cefotaxime", "2g", "and", "dexamethasone", ".", "In", "the", "event", "of", "severe", "sepsis", "with", "probable", "focus", "in", "soft", "tissue", "or", "central", "nervous", "system", ",", "associated", "with", "multi-organ", "failure", ",", "empirical", "antibiotic", "therapy", "is", "extended", "with", "ampicillin", "and", "vancomycin", ",", "maintaining", "cefotaxime", "and", "corticotherapy", ".", "Regarding", "the", "encephalopathy", ",", "whatever", "the", "primary", "condition", "in", "this", "case", ",", "it", "seems", "sensible", "to", "consider", "a", "multifactorial", "component", ",", "and", "given", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "chronic", "HCV", "infection", ",", "even", "a", "hepatic", "predominance", "of", "the", "process", "with", "the", "development", "of", "hepatic", "encephalopathy", "can", "be", "considered", ".", "Nor", "can", "the", "presence", "of", "an", "opportunistic", "infection", ",", "an", "HIV-associated", "entity", "or", "even", "an", "AIDS-defining", "disease", "be", "ruled", "out", "at", "this", "point", ",", "and", "it", "should", "be", "remembered", "that", "the", "patient", "is", "an", "active", "consumer", "of", "intravenous", "toxins", ".", "Finally", ",", "we", "must", "not", "forget", "the", "possibility", "that", "the", "current", "symptoms", "may", "be", "secondary", "to", "the", "suspected", "mixed", "cryoglobulinaemia", "in", "this", "patient", ".", "Evolution", "In", "the", "hours", "following", "his", "admission", "for", "observation", ",", "the", "patient", "developed", "progressive", "deterioration", "of", "his", "general", "and", "analytical", "condition", ",", "with", "a", "tendency", "towards", "hypotension", ",", "tachycardia", ",", "tachypnoea", "and", "worsening", "of", "the", "encephalopathic", "symptoms", "and", "the", "dermatological", "lesions", ",", "which", "became", "widespread", "in", "the", "extremities", "and", "intensely", "painful", ",", "Most", "of", "the", "lesions", "were", "blisters", "on", "an", "erythematous-violaceous", "background", ",", "while", "others", "were", "necrotic", "in", "content", ",", "some", "showing", "a", "solution", "of", "continuity", "and", "loss", "of", "substance", "with", "slight", "bleeding", ",", "along", "with", "others", "with", "a", "scar-like", "appearance", "of", "pinkish", "colouring", "and", "palpable", "purpuric", "lesions", "on", "the", "thighs", "and", "arms", ".", "Assessment", "by", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Department", "was", "requested", ",", "which", "indicated", "admission", "to", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", ".", "During", "the", "first", "hours", "of", "admission", "to", "the", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", "(", "ICU", ")", ",", "thrombocytopenia", "(", "76", ",", "000", "platelets", ")", "associated", "with", "the", "lengthening", "of", "coagulation", "times", "detected", "in", "the", "Emergency", "Department", "was", "observed", ",", "which", "was", "maintained", "during", "admission", ",", "and", "therefore", "it", "was", "decided", "not", "to", "perform", "a", "lumbar", "puncture", "or", "other", "invasive", "diagnostic", "techniques", ".", "He", "was", "assessed", "jointly", "by", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", ",", "Dermatology", "and", "Intensive", "Care", "departments", "to", "coordinate", "a", "therapeutic", "strategy", ",", "deciding", "to", "maintain", "the", "aforementioned", "empirical", "antibiotherapy", ",", "adding", "antiretroviral", "therapy", "with", "doluteglavir", ",", "tenofovir", "and", "emtricitabine", "and", "postponing", "the", "start", "of", "specific", "treatment", "for", "HCV", "depending", "on", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "recovery", ".", "It", "was", "also", "decided", "to", "start", "treatment", "with", "cyclophosphamide", "due", "to", "the", "high", "suspicion", "of", "cryoglobulinemic", "vasculitis", ".", "Similarly", ",", "antibiotic", "prophylaxis", "was", "started", "given", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "baseline", "pathology", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "stable", "treatment", ".", "72", "hours", "after", "admission", "to", "hospital", ",", "Microbiology", "reported", "yeast", "growth", "in", "the", "blood", "cultures", "taken", "on", "admission", ",", "so", "empirical", "treatment", "with", "caspofungin", "was", "started", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "fungus", "was", "identified", "as", "Candida", "albicans", ",", "but", "the", "focus", "of", "the", "fungus", "was", "not", "elucidated", ",", "and", "antifungal", "treatment", "was", "de-escalated", "to", "fluconazole", ".", "On", "the", "sixth", "day", "of", "admission", ",", "Mycobiology", "again", "reported", "the", "growth", "of", "methicillin-sensitive", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", "in", "the", "blood", "cultures", "initially", "extracted", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "assessed", "by", "the", "Ophthalmology", "department", ",", "which", "found", "no", "alterations", "in", "the", "fundus", "examination", ";", "Cardiology", ",", "which", "performed", "transthoracic", "echocardiography", ",", "detecting", "significant", "pulmonary", "hypertension", "(", "80mmHg", ")", "with", "dilatation", "of", "the", "right", "chambers", ",", "dilated", "left", "atrium", ",", "preserved", "systolic", "function", "and", "absence", "of", "intracavitary", "lesions", ";", "and", "Rheumatology", ",", "which", "reported", "cryoglobulinemic", "vasculitis", "and", "advised", "maintaining", "corticotherapy", "and", "treatment", "with", "cyclophosphamide", ".", "A", "cranial", "CT", "scan", "was", "also", "performed", ",", "which", "was", "normal", ",", "as", "was", "the", "HIV", "viral", "load", "(", "373", ",", "000", "copies", "/", "ml", ")", "and", "cell", "count", "(", "200", "CD4", "/", "mm3", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "began", "to", "progress", "favourably", ",", "with", "improvement", "in", "renal", ",", "hepatic", "and", "neurological", "function", ",", "dermatological", "lesions", ",", "and", "a", "decrease", "in", "acute", "phase", "reactants", ".", "Once", "stabilised", ",", "he", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Infectious", "Diseases", "ward", ",", "where", "he", "continued", "to", "progress", "favourably", "until", "discharge", "21", "days", "after", "admission", ".", "Definitive", "diagnosis", "The", "patient", "was", "discharged", "with", "the", "diagnoses", "of", "mixed", "cryoglobulinaemia", "secondary", "to", "HIV", "/", "HCV", "coinfection", "with", "development", "of", "severe", "sepsis", "of", "probable", "soft", "tissue", "origin", "with", "Candida", "albicans", "candidemia", "and", "methicillin-sensitive", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", "bacteraemia", ",", "acute", "encephalopathy", "of", "multifactorial", "aetiology", "(", "hepatic", "encephalopathy", "and", "/", "or", "encephalopathy", "associated", "with", "sepsis", "(", "EAS", ")", "." ]
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[ { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 841, "end": 844 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 268, "end": 271 }, { "text": "antiretroviral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 321, "end": 335 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1134, "end": 1141 }, { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 37, "end": 41 }, { "text": "viral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 705, "end": 710 }, { "text": "virological", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1158, "end": 1169 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3788, "end": 3795 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4774, "end": 4781 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5091, "end": 5098 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5280, "end": 5287 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5358, "end": 5365 }, { "text": "Candida albicans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 7246, "end": 7262 }, { "text": "methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 7442, "end": 7485 }, { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6759, "end": 6762 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8085, "end": 8088 }, { "text": "antifungal", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 7316, "end": 7326 }, { "text": "antiretroviral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6638, "end": 6652 }, { "text": "yeast", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 7100, "end": 7105 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 6780, "end": 6787 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 6975, "end": 6982 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 7533, "end": 7540 }, { "text": "viral", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8089, "end": 8094 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 8155, "end": 8162 }, { "text": "Candida albicans", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8670, "end": 8686 }, { "text": "methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8702, "end": 8745 }, { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8584, "end": 8587 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8580, "end": 8583 }, { "text": "bacteraemia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8746, "end": 8757 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 8498, "end": 8505 } ]
en
A 66-year-old man presented to the emergency department of the Mantua municipal hospital in November 2011 with severe spontaneous skin and muscle haemorrhage. He had no history of bleeding. Blood tests revealed normocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 9 g/dL) with normal leukocyte and thrombocyte counts and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (ratio 2.97, normal range 0.82-1.18), with normal prothrombin time. A mixing study failed to correct the activated partial thromboplastin time, suggesting the presence of an inhibitor that was correctly identified as targeting factor VIII (FVIII < 1%, inhibitor value 25 Bethesda units [BU]). A diagnosis of idiopathic acquired haemophilia A (HAA) was established. The patient was successfully treated with i.v. recombinant activated factor VII (90 μg/kg every 3 days). (90 μg/kg every 3 hours until arrest of bleeding) and oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide (1 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks, then tapering), with complete remission at day +21. After a period of 9 years in good health, with normal coagulation tests performed every 6 months, the patient was re-admitted to Mantua municipal hospital in March 2020 because of fever (38.7°C), cough, asthenia and respiratory distress of 3 days' evolution. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed by RT-PCR of nasal smear. A chest CT scan showed bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Because of the concomitant presence of an extensive haematoma in the trunk, a TTPa analysis was performed, which revealed a prolonged time (ratio 2.87). Again, a diagnosis of HAA was established (FVIII < 1%, inhibitor value 19 BU) and the patient was treated with the same antihaemorrhagic and immunosuppressive regimen, with complete remission on day +20. In addition, the patient received antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg twice daily) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation with oxygen therapy, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with resolution of the disease on day +14.
[ "", "A", "66-year-old", "man", "presented", "to", "the", "emergency", "department", "of", "the", "Mantua", "municipal", "hospital", "in", "November", "2011", "with", "severe", "spontaneous", "skin", "and", "muscle", "haemorrhage", ".", "He", "had", "no", "history", "of", "bleeding", ".", "Blood", "tests", "revealed", "normocytic", "anaemia", "(", "haemoglobin", "9", "g", "/", "dL", ")", "with", "normal", "leukocyte", "and", "thrombocyte", "counts", "and", "prolonged", "activated", "partial", "thromboplastin", "time", "(", "ratio", "2", ".", "97", ",", "normal", "range", "0", ".", "82-1", ".", "18", ")", ",", "with", "normal", "prothrombin", "time", ".", "A", "mixing", "study", "failed", "to", "correct", "the", "activated", "partial", "thromboplastin", "time", ",", "suggesting", "the", "presence", "of", "an", "inhibitor", "that", "was", "correctly", "identified", "as", "targeting", "factor", "VIII", "(", "FVIII", "<", "1", "%", ",", "inhibitor", "value", "25", "Bethesda", "units", "[", "BU", "]", ")", ".", "A", "diagnosis", "of", "idiopathic", "acquired", "haemophilia", "A", "(", "HAA", ")", "was", "established", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "successfully", "treated", "with", "i", ".", "v", ".", "recombinant", "activated", "factor", "VII", "(", "90", "μg", "/", "kg", "every", "3", "days", ")", ".", "(", "90", "μg", "/", "kg", "every", "3", "hours", "until", "arrest", "of", "bleeding", ")", "and", "oral", "prednisone", "and", "cyclophosphamide", "(", "1", "mg", "/", "kg", "per", "day", "for", "4", "weeks", ",", "then", "tapering", ")", ",", "with", "complete", "remission", "at", "day", "+", "21", ".", "After", "a", "period", "of", "9", "years", "in", "good", "health", ",", "with", "normal", "coagulation", "tests", "performed", "every", "6", "months", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "re-admitted", "to", "Mantua", "municipal", "hospital", "in", "March", "2020", "because", "of", "fever", "(", "38", ".", "7", "°", "C", ")", ",", "cough", ",", "asthenia", "and", "respiratory", "distress", "of", "3", "days", "'", "evolution", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "of", "coronavirus", "disease", "2019", "(", "COVID-19", ")", "was", "confirmed", "by", "RT-PCR", "of", "nasal", "smear", ".", "A", "chest", "CT", "scan", "showed", "bilateral", "interstitial", "pneumonia", ".", "Because", "of", "the", "concomitant", "presence", "of", "an", "extensive", "haematoma", "in", "the", "trunk", ",", "a", "TTPa", "analysis", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "revealed", "a", "prolonged", "time", "(", "ratio", "2", ".", "87", ")", ".", "Again", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "HAA", "was", "established", "(", "FVIII", "<", "1", "%", ",", "inhibitor", "value", "19", "BU", ")", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "treated", "with", "the", "same", "antihaemorrhagic", "and", "immunosuppressive", "regimen", ",", "with", "complete", "remission", "on", "day", "+", "20", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "the", "patient", "received", "antivirals", "(", "lopinavir", "/", "ritonavir", "400", "mg", "twice", "daily", ")", "and", "non-invasive", "mechanical", "ventilation", "with", "oxygen", "therapy", ",", "due", "to", "severe", "acute", "respiratory", "syndrome", "coronavirus", "2", "(", "SARS-CoV-2", ")", "infection", ",", "with", "resolution", "of", "the", "disease", "on", "day", "+", "14", "." ]
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en
A 48-year-old woman reported progressive tiredness over months of evolution, skin pallor and constant dry cough. After consulting her primary care doctor, she was referred to the Internal Medicine department where she was referred for further investigation. There was no history of interest except for the implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 1997 for congenital atrioventricular block (single-chamber VDD). In relation to this device, in 2008 he presented with a first episode of local infection with extrusion of the generator, isolating Staphylococcus epidermidis, so the system was removed by percutaneous traction (TPC) and a new device was implanted via the right subclavian artery (bicameral VDD). During this extraction, a fragment of the cable was retained in the right ventricle (tip), leaving a metallic thread that reached the left subclavian artery. Subsequently, in 2014, he developed a new local infection in the generator bag, this time isolating Corynebacterium amycolatum in puncture and aspiration of purulent fluid present at this level. After screening for associated endocarditis (negative blood cultures and transesophageal echocardiography), the system underwent a new CPT. During this procedure, the atrial lead was removed, but the right ventricular free wall was torn when the ventricular lead was pulled, resulting in pericardial tamponade and haemodynamic shock. The condition was resolved by conservative measures (volume support), without the need for open cardiac surgery, but with abandonment of the ventricular lead, which was cut at the level of its entry into the right subclavian artery with implantation of a new bicameral pacing device via the femoral artery. Chest X-ray: all the systems retained prior to surgery can be seen, as well as the functioning femoral insertion pacemaker. Antimicrobial treatment with IV teicoplanin is indicated for two weeks post-extraction and follow-up (periodic serial blood cultures) for 12 months (negative). Since then, asymptomatic and uneventful until the onset of the asthenia and cough reported in mid-2016, for which a study was initiated, revealing megaloblastic anaemia with normal folic acid and vitamin B 12, deterioration of renal function (with elevated creatinine, proteinuria and haematuria) and a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance with bone marrow study (aspirate and subsequent biopsy) with no data suggestive of myeloma. Due to the patient's history, it was decided to perform transthoracic echocardiography, which showed no vegetations in the functioning or retained leads, nor lesions at the valvular level. Likewise, the blood cultures taken were initially negative. The patient continued to worsen, with persistent cough and developed frank hepatomegaly (8 cm below the costal arch), ascites and malleolar oedema. In view of these findings, the case was referred to Infectious Diseases and the patient was admitted. Blood tests on admission showed blood glucose and ions in range, impaired renal function with creatinine of 1.53 mg/dl, C-reactive protein of 39 mg/L, proteinuria of 1.5 g/24 h and haematuria. The haemogram showed leucopenia (3,400/mm3), anaemia with haemoglobin 6.8 g/dl (MCV: 112 fl) and 60,000 platelets. Differential diagnosis Initially, a study of megaloblastic anaemia was considered due to the asthenia and pallor of months of evolution with screening for possible haematological disease such as multiple myeloma or amyloidosis that could also justify the renal involvement; without considering infection of the electro-stimulation system as a clear diagnostic possibility, due to the absence of fever and cardiac semiology, and the negativity of the first blood cultures taken, as well as a non-diagnostic transthoracic echocardiographic study. Regarding the deterioration of the patient's renal function with haematuria and proteinuria, we can consider various diagnostic options such as mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis secondary to systemic infection or a possible parenchymal infiltration by amyloidosis in the context of chronic infection of the system (if we assume persistence of the same since the last manipulation of the system two years earlier). Amyloidosis, caused by extracellular deposition of fibrillar protein material, can manifest locally or systemically and can be primary or secondary to a chronic process (inflammatory or infectious). In systemic amyloidosis, the kidney is affected in up to 80-90% of cases depending on the series, significantly worsening the patient's prognosis1. 1 Hence, despite its infrequency, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of progressive renal failure, especially when there is evidence of intense proteinuria, as in our case. We could also explain other symptoms presented by the patient such as asthenia, ascites, anaemia, arthralgias... due to the deposition of amyloid in other tissues. Another diagnosis to consider was that of mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis secondary to systemic infection, or also the possibility of a reno-pulmonary syndrome, such as anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease (classically, Goodpasture's disease), or other diseases secondary to tissue deposits such as systemic lupus erythematosus (more likely given the patient's epidemiological characteristics), Schölein-Henoch purpura, essential mixed cryoglublinaemia or other small vessel vasculitis and rapidly progressive immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. All these conditions could have been diagnosed by determination of the antibodies causing pulmonary and renal involvement and/or a renal biopsy, which was originally scheduled. However, taking into account the patient's personal history, we preferred to focus on the search for a possible recurrence of the infection of the implanted electrostimulation system that caused a probable glomerulonephritis secondary to this infectious condition and pulmonary symptoms secondary to the presence of septic embolisms from the right heart cavities. In our case, we had a previous echocardiography without vegetations and negative blood cultures. However, the existence of aetiological agents causing infective endocarditis with negative blood cultures should always be considered, such as Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella spp, Legionella spp, Mycoplasma spp, T. whipplei or slow-growing microorganisms with special requirements or difficult to determine, such as the members of the HACEK group (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella spp), or others such as Abiothrophia spp, Granulicatella spp or Corynebacterium spp. In these cases it is always advisable to take repeated blood cultures and it should also be taken into account that in infections on synthetic material, the grouping of microorganisms in biofilms can lead to very silent pictures, with blood cultures only positive episodically, when planktonic microorganisms are released into the bloodstream from the matrix. On the other hand, the yield of transthoracic ultrasound in infection of these devices does not go beyond 20-30%, so other diagnostic procedures must often be considered. Evolution New blood cultures were taken (several serial batches on different days) and kept in prolonged incubation, obtaining isolation in series belonging to two different days of Corynebacterium amycolatum, with the same antibiogram as that isolated in the previous episode of infection of the electrostimulation system (resistant to beta-lactams, macrolides and quinolones). Transesophageal echocardiography showed complete destruction of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, causing severe regurgitation, with visualisation of small vegetations (less than 1 cm) in the cable, and a PET/CT study showed local hypermetabolic lesions at the intracardiac level and in the right infraclavicular fossa in relation to metallic material, as well as several diffuse hypermetabolic lesions in the right lung. PET/CT: metabolic hypermetabolic uptake at intracardiac level. Combining the clinical aspects of the patient, the history of previous manipulation of the system and the blood cultures repeatedly positive for Corynebacterium amycolatum with a positive echocardiography, based on Duke's diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of tricuspid endocarditis secondary to systemic infection of the cardiac electrostimulation system was reached. Antibiotic treatment was then started with linezolid, which was poorly tolerated and had adverse effects on the skin and haematology (significant pancytopenia), so teicoplanin (400 mg/24 h) was switched to and open cardiac surgery was scheduled. After recovery from the spinal cord aplasia secondary to linezolid, surgery was performed without incident, and the retained wires and the femoral insertion stimulation system were removed. At the valvular level, significant destruction of the tricuspid valve was observed, with total disappearance of the septal leaflet and involvement of the posterior leaflet, so valve replacement with a biological prosthesis was chosen. Finally, as the patient was completely pacemaker-dependent, a definitive epicardial pacemaker was placed, with good pacing thresholds. The patient's postoperative course was favourable with disappearance of signs of right failure and cough, progressive normalisation of renal function and complete haematological recovery. Final diagnosis Finally, the diagnosis was reached by microbiological culture and universal genomic analysis of the extracted system. Despite negative culture results after antimicrobial treatment, PCR genomic analysis of RNAr16S showed the presence of Corynebacterium amycolatum in the lead of the second implanted stimulation system.
[ "A", "48-year-old", "woman", "reported", "progressive", "tiredness", "over", "months", "of", "evolution", ",", "skin", "pallor", "and", "constant", "dry", "cough", ".", "After", "consulting", "her", "primary", "care", "doctor", ",", "she", "was", "referred", "to", "the", "Internal", "Medicine", "department", "where", "she", "was", "referred", "for", "further", "investigation", ".", "There", "was", "no", "history", "of", "interest", "except", "for", "the", "implantation", "of", "a", "permanent", "pacemaker", "in", "1997", "for", "congenital", "atrioventricular", "block", "(", "single-chamber", "VDD", ")", ".", "In", "relation", "to", "this", "device", ",", "in", "2008", "he", "presented", "with", "a", "first", "episode", "of", "local", "infection", "with", "extrusion", "of", "the", "generator", ",", "isolating", "Staphylococcus", "epidermidis", ",", "so", "the", "system", "was", "removed", "by", "percutaneous", "traction", "(", "TPC", ")", "and", "a", "new", "device", "was", "implanted", "via", "the", "right", "subclavian", "artery", "(", "bicameral", "VDD", ")", ".", "During", "this", "extraction", ",", "a", "fragment", "of", "the", "cable", "was", "retained", "in", "the", "right", "ventricle", "(", "tip", ")", ",", "leaving", "a", "metallic", "thread", "that", "reached", "the", "left", "subclavian", "artery", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "in", "2014", ",", "he", "developed", "a", "new", "local", "infection", "in", "the", "generator", "bag", ",", "this", "time", "isolating", "Corynebacterium", "amycolatum", "in", "puncture", "and", "aspiration", "of", "purulent", "fluid", "present", "at", "this", "level", ".", "After", "screening", "for", "associated", "endocarditis", "(", "negative", "blood", "cultures", "and", "transesophageal", "echocardiography", ")", ",", "the", "system", "underwent", "a", "new", "CPT", ".", "During", "this", "procedure", ",", "the", "atrial", "lead", "was", "removed", ",", "but", "the", "right", "ventricular", "free", "wall", "was", "torn", "when", "the", "ventricular", "lead", "was", "pulled", ",", "resulting", "in", "pericardial", "tamponade", "and", "haemodynamic", "shock", ".", "The", "condition", "was", "resolved", "by", "conservative", "measures", "(", "volume", "support", ")", ",", "without", "the", "need", "for", "open", "cardiac", "surgery", ",", "but", "with", "abandonment", "of", "the", "ventricular", "lead", ",", "which", "was", "cut", "at", "the", "level", "of", "its", "entry", "into", "the", "right", "subclavian", "artery", "with", "implantation", "of", "a", "new", "bicameral", "pacing", "device", "via", "the", "femoral", "artery", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "all", "the", "systems", "retained", "prior", "to", "surgery", "can", "be", "seen", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "functioning", "femoral", "insertion", "pacemaker", ".", "Antimicrobial", "treatment", "with", "IV", "teicoplanin", "is", "indicated", "for", "two", "weeks", "post-extraction", "and", "follow-up", "(", "periodic", "serial", "blood", "cultures", ")", "for", "12", "months", "(", "negative", ")", ".", "Since", "then", ",", "asymptomatic", "and", "uneventful", "until", "the", "onset", "of", "the", "asthenia", "and", "cough", "reported", "in", "mid-2016", ",", "for", "which", "a", "study", "was", "initiated", ",", "revealing", "megaloblastic", "anaemia", "with", "normal", "folic", "acid", "and", "vitamin", "B", "12", ",", "deterioration", "of", "renal", "function", "(", "with", "elevated", "creatinine", ",", "proteinuria", "and", "haematuria", ")", "and", "a", "monoclonal", "gammopathy", "of", "uncertain", "significance", "with", "bone", "marrow", "study", "(", "aspirate", "and", "subsequent", "biopsy", ")", "with", "no", "data", "suggestive", "of", "myeloma", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "history", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "transthoracic", "echocardiography", ",", "which", "showed", "no", "vegetations", "in", "the", "functioning", "or", "retained", "leads", ",", "nor", "lesions", "at", "the", "valvular", "level", ".", "Likewise", ",", "the", "blood", "cultures", "taken", "were", "initially", "negative", ".", "The", "patient", "continued", "to", "worsen", ",", "with", "persistent", "cough", "and", "developed", "frank", "hepatomegaly", "(", "8", "cm", "below", "the", "costal", "arch", ")", ",", "ascites", "and", "malleolar", "oedema", ".", "In", "view", "of", "these", "findings", ",", "the", "case", "was", "referred", "to", "Infectious", "Diseases", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "admitted", ".", "Blood", "tests", "on", "admission", "showed", "blood", "glucose", "and", "ions", "in", "range", ",", "impaired", "renal", "function", "with", "creatinine", "of", "1", ".", "53", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "C-reactive", "protein", "of", "39", "mg", "/", "L", ",", "proteinuria", "of", "1", ".", "5", "g", "/", "24", "h", "and", "haematuria", ".", "The", "haemogram", "showed", "leucopenia", "(", "3", ",", "400", "/", "mm3", ")", ",", "anaemia", "with", "haemoglobin", "6", ".", "8", "g", "/", "dl", "(", "MCV", ":", "112", "fl", ")", "and", "60", ",", "000", "platelets", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "Initially", ",", "a", "study", "of", "megaloblastic", "anaemia", "was", "considered", "due", "to", "the", "asthenia", "and", "pallor", "of", "months", "of", "evolution", "with", "screening", "for", "possible", "haematological", "disease", "such", "as", "multiple", "myeloma", "or", "amyloidosis", "that", "could", "also", "justify", "the", "renal", "involvement", ";", "without", "considering", "infection", "of", "the", "electro-stimulation", "system", "as", "a", "clear", "diagnostic", "possibility", ",", "due", "to", "the", "absence", "of", "fever", "and", "cardiac", "semiology", ",", "and", "the", "negativity", "of", "the", "first", "blood", "cultures", "taken", ",", "as", "well", "as", "a", "non-diagnostic", "transthoracic", "echocardiographic", "study", ".", "Regarding", "the", "deterioration", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "renal", "function", "with", "haematuria", "and", "proteinuria", ",", "we", "can", "consider", "various", "diagnostic", "options", "such", "as", "mesangio-capillary", "glomerulonephritis", "secondary", "to", "systemic", "infection", "or", "a", "possible", "parenchymal", "infiltration", "by", "amyloidosis", "in", "the", "context", "of", "chronic", "infection", "of", "the", "system", "(", "if", "we", "assume", "persistence", "of", "the", "same", "since", "the", "last", "manipulation", "of", "the", "system", "two", "years", "earlier", ")", ".", "Amyloidosis", ",", "caused", "by", "extracellular", "deposition", "of", "fibrillar", "protein", "material", ",", "can", "manifest", "locally", "or", "systemically", "and", "can", "be", "primary", "or", "secondary", "to", "a", "chronic", "process", "(", "inflammatory", "or", "infectious", ")", ".", "In", "systemic", "amyloidosis", ",", "the", "kidney", "is", "affected", "in", "up", "to", "80-90", "%", "of", "cases", "depending", "on", "the", "series", ",", "significantly", "worsening", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "prognosis1", ".", "1", "Hence", ",", "despite", "its", "infrequency", ",", "it", "should", "be", "included", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "progressive", "renal", "failure", ",", "especially", "when", "there", "is", "evidence", "of", "intense", "proteinuria", ",", "as", "in", "our", "case", ".", "We", "could", "also", "explain", "other", "symptoms", "presented", "by", "the", "patient", "such", "as", "asthenia", ",", "ascites", ",", "anaemia", ",", "arthralgias", ".", ".", ".", "due", "to", "the", "deposition", "of", "amyloid", "in", "other", "tissues", ".", "Another", "diagnosis", "to", "consider", "was", "that", "of", "mesangio-capillary", "glomerulonephritis", "secondary", "to", "systemic", "infection", ",", "or", "also", "the", "possibility", "of", "a", "reno-pulmonary", "syndrome", ",", "such", "as", "anti-glomerular", "basement", "membrane", "antibody", "disease", "(", "classically", ",", "Goodpasture", "'", "s", "disease", ")", ",", "or", "other", "diseases", "secondary", "to", "tissue", "deposits", "such", "as", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(", "more", "likely", "given", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "epidemiological", "characteristics", ")", ",", "Schölein-Henoch", "purpura", ",", "essential", "mixed", "cryoglublinaemia", "or", "other", "small", "vessel", "vasculitis", "and", "rapidly", "progressive", "immune-mediated", "glomerulonephritis", ".", "All", "these", "conditions", "could", "have", "been", "diagnosed", "by", "determination", "of", "the", "antibodies", "causing", "pulmonary", "and", "renal", "involvement", "and", "/", "or", "a", "renal", "biopsy", ",", "which", "was", "originally", "scheduled", ".", "However", ",", "taking", "into", "account", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "personal", "history", ",", "we", "preferred", "to", "focus", "on", "the", "search", "for", "a", "possible", "recurrence", "of", "the", "infection", "of", "the", "implanted", "electrostimulation", "system", "that", "caused", "a", "probable", "glomerulonephritis", "secondary", "to", "this", "infectious", "condition", "and", "pulmonary", "symptoms", "secondary", "to", "the", "presence", "of", "septic", "embolisms", "from", "the", "right", "heart", "cavities", ".", "In", "our", "case", ",", "we", "had", "a", "previous", "echocardiography", "without", "vegetations", "and", "negative", "blood", "cultures", ".", "However", ",", "the", "existence", "of", "aetiological", "agents", "causing", "infective", "endocarditis", "with", "negative", "blood", "cultures", "should", "always", "be", "considered", ",", "such", "as", "Coxiella", "burnetii", ",", "Bartonella", "spp", ",", "Legionella", "spp", ",", "Mycoplasma", "spp", ",", "T", ".", "whipplei", "or", "slow-growing", "microorganisms", "with", "special", "requirements", "or", "difficult", "to", "determine", ",", "such", "as", "the", "members", "of", "the", "HACEK", "group", "(", "Haemophilus", ",", "Aggregatibacter", ",", "Cardiobacterium", ",", "Eikenella", "and", "Kingella", "spp", ")", ",", "or", "others", "such", "as", "Abiothrophia", "spp", ",", "Granulicatella", "spp", "or", "Corynebacterium", "spp", ".", "In", "these", "cases", "it", "is", "always", "advisable", "to", "take", "repeated", "blood", "cultures", "and", "it", "should", "also", "be", "taken", "into", "account", "that", "in", "infections", "on", "synthetic", "material", ",", "the", "grouping", "of", "microorganisms", "in", "biofilms", "can", "lead", "to", "very", "silent", "pictures", ",", "with", "blood", "cultures", "only", "positive", "episodically", ",", "when", "planktonic", "microorganisms", "are", "released", "into", "the", "bloodstream", "from", "the", "matrix", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "the", "yield", "of", "transthoracic", "ultrasound", "in", "infection", "of", "these", "devices", "does", "not", "go", "beyond", "20-30", "%", ",", "so", "other", "diagnostic", "procedures", "must", "often", "be", "considered", ".", "Evolution", "New", "blood", "cultures", "were", "taken", "(", "several", "serial", "batches", "on", "different", "days", ")", "and", "kept", "in", "prolonged", "incubation", ",", "obtaining", "isolation", "in", "series", "belonging", "to", "two", "different", "days", "of", "Corynebacterium", "amycolatum", ",", "with", "the", "same", "antibiogram", "as", "that", "isolated", "in", "the", "previous", "episode", "of", "infection", "of", "the", "electrostimulation", "system", "(", "resistant", "to", "beta-lactams", ",", "macrolides", "and", "quinolones", ")", ".", "Transesophageal", "echocardiography", "showed", "complete", "destruction", "of", "the", "septal", "leaflet", "of", "the", "tricuspid", "valve", ",", "causing", "severe", "regurgitation", ",", "with", "visualisation", "of", "small", "vegetations", "(", "less", "than", "1", "cm", ")", "in", "the", "cable", ",", "and", "a", "PET", "/", "CT", "study", "showed", "local", "hypermetabolic", "lesions", "at", "the", "intracardiac", "level", "and", "in", "the", "right", "infraclavicular", "fossa", "in", "relation", "to", "metallic", "material", ",", "as", "well", "as", "several", "diffuse", "hypermetabolic", "lesions", "in", "the", "right", "lung", ".", "PET", "/", "CT", ":", "metabolic", "hypermetabolic", "uptake", "at", "intracardiac", "level", ".", "Combining", "the", "clinical", "aspects", "of", "the", "patient", ",", "the", "history", "of", "previous", "manipulation", "of", "the", "system", "and", "the", "blood", "cultures", "repeatedly", "positive", "for", "Corynebacterium", "amycolatum", "with", "a", "positive", "echocardiography", ",", "based", "on", "Duke", "'", "s", "diagnostic", "criteria", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "tricuspid", "endocarditis", "secondary", "to", "systemic", "infection", "of", "the", "cardiac", "electrostimulation", "system", "was", "reached", ".", "Antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "then", "started", "with", "linezolid", ",", "which", "was", "poorly", "tolerated", "and", "had", "adverse", "effects", "on", "the", "skin", "and", "haematology", "(", "significant", "pancytopenia", ")", ",", "so", "teicoplanin", "(", "400", "mg", "/", "24", "h", ")", "was", "switched", "to", "and", "open", "cardiac", "surgery", "was", "scheduled", ".", "After", "recovery", "from", "the", "spinal", "cord", "aplasia", "secondary", "to", "linezolid", ",", "surgery", "was", "performed", "without", "incident", ",", "and", "the", "retained", "wires", "and", "the", "femoral", "insertion", "stimulation", "system", "were", "removed", ".", "At", "the", "valvular", "level", ",", "significant", "destruction", "of", "the", "tricuspid", "valve", "was", "observed", ",", "with", "total", "disappearance", "of", "the", "septal", "leaflet", "and", "involvement", "of", "the", "posterior", "leaflet", ",", "so", "valve", "replacement", "with", "a", "biological", "prosthesis", "was", "chosen", ".", "Finally", ",", "as", "the", "patient", "was", "completely", "pacemaker-dependent", ",", "a", "definitive", "epicardial", "pacemaker", "was", "placed", ",", "with", "good", "pacing", "thresholds", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "postoperative", "course", "was", "favourable", "with", "disappearance", "of", "signs", "of", "right", "failure", "and", "cough", ",", "progressive", "normalisation", "of", "renal", "function", "and", "complete", "haematological", "recovery", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Finally", ",", "the", "diagnosis", "was", "reached", "by", "microbiological", "culture", "and", "universal", "genomic", "analysis", "of", "the", "extracted", "system", ".", "Despite", "negative", "culture", "results", "after", "antimicrobial", "treatment", ",", "PCR", "genomic", "analysis", "of", "RNAr16S", "showed", "the", "presence", "of", "Corynebacterium", "amycolatum", "in", "the", "lead", "of", "the", "second", "implanted", "stimulation", "system", "." ]
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 19 }, { "text": "Staphylococcus epidermidis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 545, "end": 571 }, { "text": "Corynebacterium amycolatum", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 968, "end": 994 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2442, "end": 2449 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2684, "end": 2691 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2908, "end": 2915 }, { "text": "Bartonella spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6270, "end": 6284 }, { "text": "Coxiella burnetii", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6251, "end": 6268 }, { "text": "HACEK", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6441, "end": 6446 }, { "text": "Haemophilus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6454, "end": 6465 }, { "text": "Legionella spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6286, "end": 6300 }, { "text": "Mycoplasma spp", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6302, "end": 6316 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6346, "end": 6360 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6778, "end": 6792 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6903, "end": 6917 }, { "text": "planktonic microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6892, "end": 6917 }, { "text": "Corynebacterium amycolatum", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 8159, "end": 8185 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 9070, "end": 9077 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 9193, "end": 9200 }, { "text": "Corynebacterium amycolatum", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 9631, "end": 9657 } ]
en
This is a 46-year-old male patient, unknown illness, with no history of drug addiction, with a 3-month subacute history of constitutional symptoms associated with hyporexia, asthenia and adynamia with unintentional weight loss of 8 kg. In addition, with evidence of quantified fever predominantly at night and progressive dyspnoea at rest associated with podalic oedema. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed aortic endocarditis with a highly mobile aortic vegetation of 12 mm, severe aortic insufficiency, severe mitral insufficiency and congestive heart failure. A positive blood culture for penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus gallolyticus was documented, and antibiotic coverage was initiated. Among the laboratory studies, a computed axial tomography of the lumbar spine was performed, which showed hypodense areas in the spleen suggestive of infarction. In addition, a coronary catheterisation was performed, documenting an aneurysm in the right coronary artery of 8.3mm permeable, without lesions. The patient presented criteria for emergency surgery; however, due to the germ associated with this case, surgery was postponed in search of gastrointestinal neoplasia. On the eighth day of antibiotic treatment, the patient presented sudden deterioration of consciousness, the CT scan of the central nervous system showed right intraparenchymal haemorrhage, for which he was taken to the operating room and a ruptured aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery suggestive of mycotic aneurysm was documented, the haematoma was drained and clipping was performed. The patient died two days after surgery.
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en
Reason for consultation "I feel anxious". Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests) Anamnesis: 38 year old female patient, who the day before suffers an episode of anxiety for the second time at work (first episode 2 weeks ago), feeling pressure in the chest, unable to speak, generally "very bad". She suffered syncope after anxiety attack, attended a private hospital where she was given diazepam and was discharged home, recommended to make an appointment with a psychiatrist. Two weeks ago he started to feel unwell at work, very sleepy and tired. He bought a Redbull, which he drank after 2-3 coffees beforehand, and started to feel worse. She manifested blurred vision, tachycardia, general malaise and started hyperventilating. She was laid down for 30 minutes and then taken home. A diagnosis of anxiety disorder was made and she was placed on temporary disability. Treatment with lorazepam 1 mg on demand was prescribed and an appointment was made in 1 week for the first psychological interview at the health centre. Follow-up: in the first psychotherapy session, the patient commented on the problems in her relationship with her partner and with her parents. She says that they live together but that there are many arguments. The father drinks alcohol more than is logical. It bothers her that he drinks too much and that he has responsibilities (such as picking up the children). In their marital life, she thinks that she carries all the weight of the activities and that the husband sees it as normal that the wife does most of the household things: picking up the children, picking them up, fixing backpacks, taking them to the grandparents, doing the laundry, and other issues of cohabitation. She is currently experiencing doubts in her relationship with her partner. In addition, problems with her eldest son, who is seeing a psychologist after hearing from his school tutor that he is very shy, very introverted and seems sad. The child has been angry at times saying things like "I shouldn't have been born", "I'm stupid", and head-butting. Family and community approach The patient is married and has two sons. This is an integrated nuclear family. The patient lives at home with her husband and children. She has a stable job and an apparently good social network. Clinical judgement (list of problems, differential diagnosis) Depressive syndrome (major depressive episode). Anxiety disorder. Action plan and evolution Sertraline 50mg/day is added to the anxiolytic treatment. Support activities are recommended (such as writing down her thoughts and feelings in a notebook). She is rescheduled to continue with her psychological interviews. Evolution: in 2nd psychotherapy she reports persistent tiredness and fatigue; however, improvement in crying and in her family issues (better conversation with them). She still does not feel like leaving the house, despite going out to pick up her children and visit her parents. She has written a little in her notebook. She is meeting a friend today. With some people she did feel like seeing, with others she doesn't even want to meet. She has stopped smoking. The patient is easily tearful and finds it difficult to read her notes in her book. Sertraline dose is increased to 100 mg/day. In the 3rd psychotherapy she tells us that she attended the MUTUA a few days ago. She was told that the medication takes a long time to take effect. She reports being more active. She feels like going out more. She reports an improvement in her family relationship. She has continued to write in her notebook. Continues not to smoke. She meets frequently with several good friends who give her emotional support. She is advised to continue with her medication. In 4th psychotherapy refers to nightmares for the first 2 weeks (noting this in her notebook). She mentions that she is less active, a little more sleepy and tired. She is very afraid that she will have another crisis when she returns to work. Her medication was changed to Venlafaxine 75 mg/12h. In the 5th psychotherapy she was discharged from her temporary incapacity to return to work. She reported significant improvement. She makes her reflections. She complies well with her medication. She is much more active, sometimes a little tired. She is watching TV series, reading about mindfulness, listening to podcasts and attending the gym. She has not needed to take rescue anxiolytics. She has not smoked for 6 weeks. BP: 130/85 mmHg. She is recommended to continue with medication and some books and films for mood improvement. In the 6th psychotherapy she reported feeling very, very well. Proud of not smoking any more. There are always problems at home, such as confrontations with the husband or that the father changes his character when he drinks, but she is coping better, and writes about it in her book. She is reading a book (novel) recommended by her sister, she loves it. BP 117/74 mmHg. He continues with medication. In 7th psychotherapy she is doing very well. She had a problem of emotional management at work, but she was able to solve it. She thanks us for the positive progress she has made so far and says "without your help, doctors, I would not have made it". If a complete response is achieved, treatment should continue for at least 6 more months at the same dose as the cure to avoid relapse.
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en
55-year-old patient receiving cadaveric transplant. Induction: daclizumab-tacrolimus-MMF-steroids. Maintenance: tacrolimus-MMF-steroids. Creatinine 1 and 1.2 mg/dl; creatinine clearance: 96 ml, without proteinuria. Nine months post-transplant, he presented viruria (107 copies/ml) for BKV, without renal dysfunction, with negative viremia. High viruria persisted with negative viraemia, which was positive at month 12 (> 104 copies/ml), the biopsy showed interstitial nephritis, tubular nuclear alterations linked to BKV. Immunosuppressive medication was rotated to sirolimus 2 mg/day and cipro-floxacin 500 mg/day (10 days) was added. Renal function remained stable, with a clearance of 86 ml, no proteinuria and a decrease in viral load in urine and blood. At present the patient has preserved his kidney and did not require dialysis.
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en
A 58-year-old man, with no known drug allergies, operated on in 1985 for lumbar disc disease, appendectomised and operated on for left inguinal hernia in 2012, with no medical history of interest or usual treatment. He was on holiday in Ibiza, where he was from, and had been living in the Dominican Republic for 8 years. She consulted the emergency department due to general malaise of 4 days' evolution that started after landing on arrival in Spain, the following day she began to feel dizziness, very painful generalised arthralgias with little response to anti-inflammatory drugs, asthenia, anorexia, dizziness and occasional blurred vision. On arrival he presented BP 148/89 mmHg, HR 110 bpm, T 38.8 oC and oxygen saturation of 97% breathing room air. On examination he was in fair general condition, normohydrated, normal colour and eupneic at rest with good distal perfusion. Functional impotence of predominance in both shoulders, right wrist and external face of the left ankle, with great limitation of grip in both hands. No signs of arthritis. No rash. Cardiorespiratory and abdominal auscultation with no findings. Examination of normal cranial nerves, normoreactive medium isochoric pupils, without dysmetria or alterations in sensitivity, with a great sensation of instability when standing upright. Blood count, renal function, transaminases, lactate and venous blood gases were normal, CRP 4.16, and the rest of the parameters were normal. Basic urine study was normal. Chest and abdominal X-ray normal. ECG in sinus rhythm, with no evidence of blockages or other acute repolarisation alterations. In view of the disabling arthralgias with fever on returning from an epidemic area for Chikungunya fever, this was the diagnosis of suspicion from the outset. After the first complementary tests on admission, a thick blood drop and P falciparum antigen were requested to rule out Malaria, as well as serology for Dengue, Chikungunya, HIV, HBV, Syphilis and blood cultures. Pending the results, the patient was treated with NSAIDs alone to control fever and pain. On the third day of admission, he started vomiting with haematic debris, then began to have rectal bleeding (up to 7 bowel movements) together with dizziness and a drop in haemoglobin from 14.9 g/dL to 12.1 g/dL. An urgent endoscopy was performed in the ICU due to the evolution of more than 24 hours with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage where the following was observed: red blood haematic remains of probable duodenal origin, single 1 cm duodenal ulcer in the postbulbar area, antero-superior face, visible vessel without active bleeding IIa. Adrenaline was injected in the periulcer area and 4 haemostasis clips were placed. Given the objective lesion with a risk of rebleeding, the patient was admitted for monitoring, with good subsequent evolution. The control endoscopy ruled out signs of bleeding. Once on the ward, just over 24 hours after the first endoscopy, he progressed satisfactorily with partial pain control without gastrointestinal NSAIDs (Paracetamol 1g ev every 8 hours, alternating with Metamizole 2g every 8 hours) and maintaining occasional febrile fever. At the time of discharge, negative serology for HIV, HBV and syphilis, in addition to a Malaria study and negative haemocultures, pending the rest of the results in the follow-up by the Internal Medicine Infectious Diseases outpatient department. Treatment recommended at discharge for pain control with Paracetamol alternating with Metamizole, together with H. Pylori herradicant therapy. Serology would confirm a few weeks later the diagnosis of Chikungunya fever, with negativity for Dengue fever.
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"single", "1", "cm", "duodenal", "ulcer", "in", "the", "postbulbar", "area", ",", "antero-superior", "face", ",", "visible", "vessel", "without", "active", "bleeding", "IIa", ".", "Adrenaline", "was", "injected", "in", "the", "periulcer", "area", "and", "4", "haemostasis", "clips", "were", "placed", ".", "Given", "the", "objective", "lesion", "with", "a", "risk", "of", "rebleeding", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "admitted", "for", "monitoring", ",", "with", "good", "subsequent", "evolution", ".", "The", "control", "endoscopy", "ruled", "out", "signs", "of", "bleeding", ".", "Once", "on", "the", "ward", ",", "just", "over", "24", "hours", "after", "the", "first", "endoscopy", ",", "he", "progressed", "satisfactorily", "with", "partial", "pain", "control", "without", "gastrointestinal", "NSAIDs", "(", "Paracetamol", "1g", "ev", "every", "8", "hours", ",", "alternating", "with", "Metamizole", "2g", "every", "8", "hours", ")", "and", "maintaining", "occasional", "febrile", "fever", ".", "At", "the", "time", "of", "discharge", ",", "negative", "serology", "for", "HIV", ",", "HBV", "and", "syphilis", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "a", "Malaria", "study", "and", "negative", "haemocultures", ",", "pending", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "results", "in", "the", "follow-up", "by", "the", "Internal", "Medicine", "Infectious", "Diseases", "outpatient", "department", ".", "Treatment", "recommended", "at", "discharge", "for", "pain", "control", "with", "Paracetamol", "alternating", "with", "Metamizole", ",", "together", "with", "H", ".", "Pylori", "herradicant", "therapy", ".", "Serology", "would", "confirm", "a", "few", "weeks", "later", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "Chikungunya", "fever", ",", "with", "negativity", "for", "Dengue", "fever", "." ]
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[]
en
A 78-year-old patient with a history of arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and repeated nephritic colic who 6 days before admission started with pain in the right renal fossa radiating to the ipsilateral knee, which was treated as an outpatient with dexametaxone, lidocaine, cyanocobalamin and thiamine without resolution. Subsequently, he began to feel dystrophic with a thermometric temperature above 38oC, poor general condition, urinary symptoms and glycaemic decompensation, for which he was admitted to hospital. Physical examination revealed marked general malaise, fever, pain in the sacral area with negative bilateral percussion fist and knees with signs of phlogosis. Laboratory tests showed mild leukocytosis without left shift (12,100x103/mm3 with N 65%), hyperbilirubinaemia with direct predominance (BT: 3.4 mg/dl, BD: 2.7mg/dl), alkaline phosphatase 215 U/L (35-104). The rest of the laboratory tests showed no significant alterations. Complementary examinations included blood and urine cultures, joint fluid puncture and cultures, CT scan of the abdominal and lumbosacral spine, magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine and scintigraphy with Ga-67/MDP-Tc-99. The CT scan of the abdominal and lumbosacral spine shows air densities in the lumbar and right psoas muscles and in the intraspinal and dorsal location. Gas is also seen in the bony canal, which could correspond to a ruptured L4-L5 disc. The MRI of the lumbar spine confirmed images compatible with abscesses in the right paravertebral and psoas muscles, and two collections suggesting epidural abscesses located at L4-L5 and D12-L4. An alteration of the signal of the body of D12 was observed after administration of gadolinium, resulting in bone oedema compatible with spondylitis and probable spondylodiscitis. In the combined body scan with Ga-67/MDP-Tc-99M there was pathological hyperfixation of both tracers in knees and shoulders suggesting an inflammatory-infectious process as well as greatly increased gallium uptake at L4-L5 and in paravertebral soft tissues compatible with spondylodiscitis with possible infection of adjacent soft tissues. On admission, empirical antibiotic treatment was started with ciprofloxacin, with subsequent microbiological confirmation (blood, urine and joint fluid cultures) of the presence of Escherichia coli, with a similar antibiogram. During the first few days of treatment, the patient's symptoms improved slightly, coinciding with the introduction of antibiotics and antipyretics. On the 10th day of admission, the fever reappeared and the general condition progressively worsened. On the 12th day of admission, the patient presented atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and cardiorespiratory arrest without response to resuscitation manoeuvres. The diagnosis was E. coli urinary tract infection complicated by polyarticular septic arthritis, spondylodiscitis, epidural abscesses, psoas and dorso-lumbar musculature.
[ "A", "78-year-old", "patient", "with", "a", "history", "of", "arterial", "hypertension", ",", "type", "2", "diabetes", "mellitus", ",", "osteoporosis", "and", "repeated", "nephritic", "colic", "who", "6", "days", "before", "admission", "started", "with", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "renal", "fossa", "radiating", "to", "the", "ipsilateral", "knee", ",", "which", "was", "treated", "as", "an", "outpatient", "with", "dexametaxone", ",", "lidocaine", ",", "cyanocobalamin", "and", "thiamine", "without", "resolution", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "he", "began", "to", "feel", "dystrophic", "with", "a", "thermometric", "temperature", "above", "38oC", ",", "poor", "general", "condition", ",", "urinary", "symptoms", "and", "glycaemic", "decompensation", ",", "for", "which", "he", "was", "admitted", "to", "hospital", ".", "Physical", "examination", "revealed", "marked", "general", "malaise", ",", "fever", ",", "pain", "in", "the", "sacral", "area", "with", "negative", "bilateral", "percussion", "fist", "and", "knees", "with", "signs", "of", "phlogosis", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "mild", "leukocytosis", "without", "left", "shift", "(", "12", ",", "100x103", "/", "mm3", "with", "N", "65", "%", ")", ",", "hyperbilirubinaemia", "with", "direct", "predominance", "(", "BT", ":", "3", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "BD", ":", "2", ".", "7mg", "/", "dl", ")", ",", "alkaline", "phosphatase", "215", "U", "/", "L", "(", "35-104", ")", ".", "The", "rest", "of", "the", "laboratory", "tests", "showed", "no", "significant", "alterations", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "included", "blood", "and", "urine", "cultures", ",", "joint", "fluid", "puncture", "and", "cultures", ",", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "abdominal", "and", "lumbosacral", "spine", ",", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "of", "the", "lumbar", "spine", "and", "scintigraphy", "with", "Ga-67", "/", "MDP-Tc-99", ".", "The", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "abdominal", "and", "lumbosacral", "spine", "shows", "air", "densities", "in", "the", "lumbar", "and", "right", "psoas", "muscles", "and", "in", "the", "intraspinal", "and", "dorsal", "location", ".", "Gas", "is", "also", "seen", "in", "the", "bony", "canal", ",", "which", "could", "correspond", "to", "a", "ruptured", "L4-L5", "disc", ".", "The", "MRI", "of", "the", "lumbar", "spine", "confirmed", "images", "compatible", "with", "abscesses", "in", "the", "right", "paravertebral", "and", "psoas", "muscles", ",", "and", "two", "collections", "suggesting", "epidural", "abscesses", "located", "at", "L4-L5", "and", "D12-L4", ".", "An", "alteration", "of", "the", "signal", "of", "the", "body", "of", "D12", "was", "observed", "after", "administration", "of", "gadolinium", ",", "resulting", "in", "bone", "oedema", "compatible", "with", "spondylitis", "and", "probable", "spondylodiscitis", ".", "In", "the", "combined", "body", "scan", "with", "Ga-67", "/", "MDP-Tc-99M", "there", "was", "pathological", "hyperfixation", "of", "both", "tracers", "in", "knees", "and", "shoulders", "suggesting", "an", "inflammatory-infectious", "process", "as", "well", "as", "greatly", "increased", "gallium", "uptake", "at", "L4-L5", "and", "in", "paravertebral", "soft", "tissues", "compatible", "with", "spondylodiscitis", "with", "possible", "infection", "of", "adjacent", "soft", "tissues", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "empirical", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "ciprofloxacin", ",", "with", "subsequent", "microbiological", "confirmation", "(", "blood", ",", "urine", "and", "joint", "fluid", "cultures", ")", "of", "the", "presence", "of", "Escherichia", "coli", ",", "with", "a", "similar", "antibiogram", ".", "During", "the", "first", "few", "days", "of", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "symptoms", "improved", "slightly", ",", "coinciding", "with", "the", "introduction", "of", "antibiotics", "and", "antipyretics", ".", "On", "the", "10th", "day", "of", "admission", ",", "the", "fever", "reappeared", "and", "the", "general", "condition", "progressively", "worsened", ".", "On", "the", "12th", "day", "of", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "presented", "atrial", "fibrillation", "with", "rapid", "ventricular", "response", "and", "cardiorespiratory", "arrest", "without", "response", "to", "resuscitation", "manoeuvres", ".", "The", "diagnosis", "was", "E", ".", "coli", "urinary", "tract", "infection", "complicated", "by", "polyarticular", "septic", "arthritis", ",", "spondylodiscitis", ",", "epidural", "abscesses", ",", "psoas", "and", "dorso-lumbar", "musculature", "." ]
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[ { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 21 }, { "text": "Escherichia coli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2347, "end": 2363 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2437, "end": 2444 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2676, "end": 2683 }, { "text": "E. coli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2839, "end": 2846 } ]
en
Previously healthy female patient aged 1 year and 11 months, resident of the conurbation area of the city, with a history of living in overcrowded conditions, who attended the hospital in May. The parents reported that, since birth, she had had close contact with animals, specifically dogs and cats, which did not receive preventive treatment against ticks and were frequently parasitised by them. The illness began with acute hyperthermia, which persisted for 3 days, of an intermittent type with peaks of up to 38.8 oC, accompanied by generalised macular exanthema. On the third day, diffuse colicky abdominal pain was added, which, due to its intensity, warranted admission to the second level of medical care for examination. During the first hours of his stay, he presented complex partial seizures, secondarily generalised for 40 minutes, so the airway was secured by endotracheal intubation and impregnation with diphenylhydantoin, diazepam and cisatracurium was started. A central venous catheter was installed and the patient was transferred to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The patient was admitted to the PICU in poor general condition, with evidence of septic shock and low cardiac output manifested by arterial hypotension below the 5th percentile for her age, tachycardia, anuria, distal hypoperfusion, delayed capillary refill, weak central pulses and non-palpable peripheral pulses. The patient also presented petechial and purpuric lesions on the abdomen and upper and lower extremities and distal ischaemia in the fingers, reflecting a vasculitic process. During his stay, he was maintained on sedation-controlled mechanical ventilation and analgesia with fentanyl/midazolam, meropenem/vancomycin schedule adjusted to renal impairment, crystalloid solution loading at 20 ml/kg/day, acute bicarbonate correction to base deficit, inotropic support with milrinone/dobutamine/levisomendan, norepinephrine as a systemic vasopressor, hydrocortisone infusion for management of refractory shock, and heparin infusion for management of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Blood gases were obtained and showed decompensated metabolic acidosis, with venous saturation of 49% and a central venous pressure (CVP) reading of 14 cmH2O. Paraclinical tests showed impending organ failure, with renal and hepatic compromise, as well as marked leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia, so 10 ml/kg of fresh plasma and 2 platelet concentrates were administered. Due to the patient's history and clinical condition, a diagnosis of rickettsiosis was requested from our Institute. This was carried out by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) positive 1:128 for R. rickettsii antigens circulating in our environment, together with amplification and sequencing of the OmpB gene, which resulted in 98% homology to R. rickettsii, as well as nested amplification of the 17 kDa gene. Shortly after 24 hours of admission and before 6 hours in the PICU, the patient presented signs of septic shock secondary to multiple organ failure, DIC and cardiorespiratory arrest that did not respond to advanced resuscitation manoeuvres and died. The serological diagnosis was obtained hours before the patient's death, while the molecular diagnosis was obtained post mortem.
[ "Previously", "healthy", "female", "patient", "aged", "1", "year", "and", "11", "months", ",", "resident", "of", "the", "conurbation", "area", "of", "the", "city", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "living", "in", "overcrowded", "conditions", ",", "who", "attended", "the", "hospital", "in", "May", ".", "The", "parents", "reported", "that", ",", "since", "birth", ",", "she", "had", "had", "close", "contact", "with", "animals", ",", "specifically", "dogs", "and", "cats", ",", "which", "did", "not", "receive", "preventive", "treatment", "against", "ticks", "and", "were", "frequently", "parasitised", "by", "them", ".", "The", "illness", "began", "with", "acute", "hyperthermia", ",", "which", "persisted", "for", "3", "days", ",", "of", "an", "intermittent", "type", "with", "peaks", "of", "up", "to", "38", ".", "8", "oC", ",", "accompanied", "by", "generalised", "macular", "exanthema", ".", "On", "the", "third", "day", ",", "diffuse", "colicky", "abdominal", "pain", "was", "added", ",", "which", ",", "due", "to", "its", "intensity", ",", "warranted", "admission", "to", "the", "second", "level", "of", "medical", "care", "for", "examination", ".", "During", "the", "first", "hours", "of", "his", "stay", ",", "he", "presented", "complex", "partial", "seizures", ",", "secondarily", "generalised", "for", "40", "minutes", ",", "so", "the", "airway", "was", "secured", "by", "endotracheal", "intubation", "and", "impregnation", "with", "diphenylhydantoin", ",", "diazepam", "and", "cisatracurium", "was", "started", ".", "A", "central", "venous", "catheter", "was", "installed", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "transferred", "to", "the", "Paediatric", "Intensive", "Care", "Unit", "(", "PICU", ")", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "admitted", "to", "the", "PICU", "in", "poor", "general", "condition", ",", "with", "evidence", "of", "septic", "shock", "and", "low", "cardiac", "output", "manifested", "by", "arterial", "hypotension", "below", "the", "5th", "percentile", "for", "her", "age", ",", "tachycardia", ",", "anuria", ",", "distal", "hypoperfusion", ",", "delayed", "capillary", "refill", ",", "weak", "central", "pulses", "and", "non-palpable", "peripheral", "pulses", ".", "The", "patient", "also", "presented", "petechial", "and", "purpuric", "lesions", "on", "the", "abdomen", "and", "upper", "and", "lower", "extremities", "and", "distal", "ischaemia", "in", "the", "fingers", ",", "reflecting", "a", "vasculitic", "process", ".", "During", "his", "stay", ",", "he", "was", "maintained", "on", "sedation-controlled", "mechanical", "ventilation", "and", "analgesia", "with", "fentanyl", "/", "midazolam", ",", "meropenem", "/", "vancomycin", "schedule", "adjusted", "to", "renal", "impairment", ",", "crystalloid", "solution", "loading", "at", "20", "ml", "/", "kg", "/", "day", ",", "acute", "bicarbonate", "correction", "to", "base", "deficit", ",", "inotropic", "support", "with", "milrinone", "/", "dobutamine", "/", "levisomendan", ",", "norepinephrine", "as", "a", "systemic", "vasopressor", ",", "hydrocortisone", "infusion", "for", "management", "of", "refractory", "shock", ",", "and", "heparin", "infusion", "for", "management", "of", "disseminated", "intravascular", "coagulation", "(", "DIC", ")", ".", "Blood", "gases", "were", "obtained", "and", "showed", "decompensated", "metabolic", "acidosis", ",", "with", "venous", "saturation", "of", "49", "%", "and", "a", "central", "venous", "pressure", "(", "CVP", ")", "reading", "of", "14", "cmH2O", ".", "Paraclinical", "tests", "showed", "impending", "organ", "failure", ",", "with", "renal", "and", "hepatic", "compromise", ",", "as", "well", "as", "marked", "leukocytosis", "and", "thrombocytopenia", ",", "so", "10", "ml", "/", "kg", "of", "fresh", "plasma", "and", "2", "platelet", "concentrates", "were", "administered", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "history", "and", "clinical", "condition", ",", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "rickettsiosis", "was", "requested", "from", "our", "Institute", 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"the", "molecular", "diagnosis", "was", "obtained", "post", "mortem", "." ]
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en
A 36-year-old woman with no medical or epidemiological history of interest was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for sepsis and meningitis due to type B meningococcus isolated in blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. She received fluid therapy support, ceftriaxone and vancomycin for 10 days with disappearance of clinical and analytical parameters of sepsis although with persistence of daily fever of 38o in the evening, well tolerated, with no other infectious focality in the complementary tests which included: serial blood cultures, urine culture, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound and cranial CT scan. He was admitted to the internal medicine ward to complete the study and evolution; he remained haemodynamically stable and in good general condition, fever of up to 38.5oC well tolerated, right subclavian central venous access with no evidence of infection, few petechiae in the lower limbs in a phase of regression, with the rest of the general and neurological examination being normal. The haemogram, haemostasis, renal, hepatic, thyroid and lipid profile were normal, with a ferritin value of 775 μg/dl, ESR 90 mm1 per hour, CRP at 23.8 mg/dl (VN <0.3 mg/dl) and procalcitonin at 0.22 ng/ml. Serology for hepatitis B and C virus, HIV, EBV, CMV, HSV types 1 and 2, Coxiella burnetti and Rickettsiae was negative; autoimmunity with ANA, ANCA, rheumatoid factor, immunoglobulins and complement were normal or negative. Mantoux reaction was negative; blood cultures via central catheter, peripheral blood and urine cultures were repeatedly negative; control cerebrospinal fluid was normal except for proteinuria of 65 mg/dl with negative smear microscopy and culture. Fundus examination, electrocardiogram, echocardiography and thoraco-abdominal CT with contrast were also normal. A cranial MRI with contrast was requested, showing a discrete generalised meningeal uptake and multiple lesions between 7-10 mm, hypointense in T1 and hyperintense in T2 and Flair, in the temporal white matter, in the left external capsule, right periventricular, frontal and bilateral anterior parietal with marked peripheral uptake of contrast in a ring and associated perilesional oedema. Given the findings compatible with multiple brain abscesses secondary to meningococcaemia, an extensive literature search was performed (clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, bibliographic databases, meta-search engines and related non-indexed journals) which confirmed the scarce data reported regarding this complication. At this point it was decided to perform a PET-CT scan in order to rule out other possible findings/foci that could justify the persistence of the fever, which corroborated the hypermetabolic uptake of the brain lesions described, and the absence of uptake at other body levels. Ruling out another infectious/inflammatory focus, treatment with parenteral ceftriaxone was maintained for 8 weeks, with slow but progressive disappearance of fever, gradual decrease until normalisation of CRP and ESR, as well as disappearance of brain abscesses in MRI control after finishing treatment, with no complications or recurrence of the condition in the subsequent outpatient follow-up.
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en
A 53-year-old male patient of Spanish nationality, smoker and injecting drug user, with co-infection with HIV and HCV known for 20 years. He was on treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 200 mg, emtricitabine 200 mg and efavirenz 600 mg co-formulated once a day, although with poor adherence and erratic follow-up in consultations. He had been admitted three months earlier for a recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis due to treatment abandonment, confirmed by the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a bronchoalveolar lavage sample, sensitive to first-line antituberculosis drugs. At that time he had a CD4 cell count of 37 cells/mm3 and an HIV viral load (VL) of over 100,000 copies/ml. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was started with isoniazid 5 mg/kg, rifampicin 10 mg/kg and pyrazinamide 25 mg/kg, and prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii with co-trimoxazole 160/800 mg three days per week. The same ART regimen that had been abandoned in the previous month was resumed, as no previous resistance had been demonstrated and there were no interactions with the antituberculosis treatment. After this admission, the patient reported complete adherence to both therapies, corroborated by his family. At the last review (three weeks after discharge), he had 126 CD4/mm3 and an HIV CV of 1,130 copies/ml. The patient was readmitted for febrile syndrome, nausea and vomiting. He also reported involuntary urine leakage from the rectum for the past two months. He could identify it without difficulty because of its orange colour secondary to treatment with rifampicin. On admission, the patient's body temperature was 37.7oC and the physical examination showed thinness and prostration. Pulmonary auscultation showed bibasal crackles and the abdominal examination was normal. Laboratory tests showed a mild leukocytosis of 12,000 cells/μl with 82% neutrophils, haemoglobin 12.3 g/dl, 211,000 platelets/μl, creatinine 1.3 mg/dl, gamma-glutamyl transferase 118 U/l and C-reactive protein 8.4 mg/dl. A chest X-ray showed emphysema with thickening of both pulmonary hilar cords and right hilar fibrous tracts, together with a cavitated pseudonodular image in the right upper lobe. Urinary tract ultrasound was requested and revealed no abnormalities. Given the high suspicion of enterovesical fistula (EVF) and the absence of another source of fever, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed multiple prostatic abscesses, inflammatory impaction and retraction of the seminal vesicles, and a small fistulous tract between the middle sigmoid colon and the left seminal vesicle, with thickening of the walls of the urinary bladder. It was decided to perform a cystoscopy which revealed the existence of a mamelonated plaque in the retrotrigone, suggestive of VEF, although the cystography did not reveal the presence of fistulous tracts. A colonoscopy was requested, in which no gross mucosal alteration or apparent drainage was found, although it was reported that the presence of a fistula could not be ruled out with absolute certainty. Also, puncture of the prostatic abscesses for microbiological study was unsuccessfully attempted. Urinalysis, urine sediment and urine culture (conventional and mycobacterial medium), as well as blood and stool cultures were negative. Urinary catheterisation was performed, which relieved the urine output at the rectal level. Given the high suspicion that the prostatic abscesses and the FEV were of tuberculous aetiology, it was decided to maintain the bladder catheter until a review in consultation. The following month the patient was readmitted for further investigation due to gait instability and left hemiparesis. A CT scan of the brain with contrast showed two space-occupying lesions, a left frontoparietal lesion measuring 29 x 25 x 18 mm, with irregular morphology, hyperdense periphery and hypodense centre; and another lesion measuring 14 x 12 mm, with the same characteristics, both with intense perilesional vasogenic oedema and moderate mass effect on the left ventricular system. The study was completed with a brain MRI which demonstrated the necrotic aspect of the more cranial lesion. A biopsy of the more peripheral space-occupying lesion was performed, and systemic corticosteroids and empirical treatment for Toxoplasma gondii were prescribed, while maintaining anti-tuberculosis treatment. Differential diagnosis In summary, this is a severely immunocompromised HIV-infected patient with a recent diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, for which he started ART and antituberculosis treatment together. Urine excretion from the rectum was suggestive of a VEF, supported by imaging and cystoscopy data. In the differential diagnosis of a VEF, in the colovesical form, the following aetiologies should be considered: Neoplasms: colorectal carcinoma causes 20% of VEFs, but CT and colonoscopy excluded this diagnosis. Other pelvic neoplasms such as invasive prostate cancer or urothelial cancer were also excluded after testing. Inflammatory diseases: Rectal Crohn's disease causes 10% of VEFs. The absence of small bowel lesions on CT scan and normal colonoscopy made this aetiology unlikely. Infections: complicated diverticulitis is the most frequent cause of VEF (70-90%). It presents as a septic picture with abdominal pain and defence, absent in our patient. CT usually demonstrates a peridiverticular or pelvic abscess, absent in our case. Abdominal actinomycosis, being an infection caused by a slow-growing oral and intestinal commensal bacterium, occurs in people with a history of surgery, neoplasia or visceral perforation in the previous months and is generally localised, with involvement of a single organ. Other rarer aetiologies of VEF include: typhoid fever, very rare in Spain, which usually presents with negative blood cultures; amebiasis, in patients with a history of stay in endemic areas; and syphilis, but this presentation would be extraordinarily rare in this entity and would be typical of homosexual patients1. Finally, the possibility of a tuberculous aetiology, despite anti-tuberculosis treatment, could not be excluded, as the patient may have presented from the outset with a disseminated form, initially silent, with intestinal and prostatic involvement, as evidenced by the emission of urine from the rectum. In immunocompetent patients, 60-80% of prostatic abscesses are caused by gram-negative bacilli, with Escherichia coli as the predominant organism, with Staphylococcus aureus being another possible agent in the presence of bacteraemia. However, in severely immunocompromised HIV-infected patients, we should consider other microorganisms, mainly mycobacteria (Mycobacterium avium complex and M. tuberculosis) and fungi (mainly Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida)2. Finally, the appearance of space-occupying lesions in the brain forces us to include other opportunistic infections in the differential diagnosis. In our patient, these lesions had a fronto-parietal location in contact with the corpus callosum, with contrast uptake and mass effect that secondarily caused clinical symptoms of intracranial hypertension. The differential diagnosis of cerebral space-occupying lesions in a severely immunosuppressed patient would include: Cerebral toxoplasmosis. It mainly presents with headache, fever and alterations in the level of consciousness that may be associated with focal neurological symptoms or even seizures. Its lesions are characterised by multiple lesions, mainly located at the frontotemporal level and ring contrast-enhancing. Primary central nervous system lymphoma. This manifests with multiple or single lesions, usually periventricular or periependymal, which may be larger than 4 cm, which is less common in toxoplasmosis. Tuberculomas. These are granulomatous conglomerates that may be single or multiple, and in late stages appear encapsulated with peripheral enhancement. The most frequent clinical manifestation is intracranial hypertension. Other causes of brain abscesses in this context such as Aspergillus spp, Nocardia spp, Rhodococcus spp, Listeria spp, C. neoformans and Coccidioides immitis are much less frequent3 . We would rule out other opportunistic pathologies that do not present with mass effect, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, caused by JC virus, which causes multifocal areas of bilateral and asymmetric periventricular demyelination that usually do not contrast uptake, leading to rapidly progressive focal neurological symptoms; HIV encephalopathy, characterised by symmetrical subcortical lesions resulting in the clinical triad of memory loss, depressive symptoms and motor disturbances; and cytomegalovirus encephalitis, consisting of diffuse micronodular encephalitis with clinical features of delirium, confusion and motor disturbances. Taking all this into account, the most likely disease that could explain the patient's findings would be disseminated tuberculosis. On the other hand, the presence of prostatic abscesses, VEGF and space-occupying lesions in the brain within 2-3 months of restarting anti-TB treatment and ART in a severely immunocompromised patient with HIV infection forces us to consider the possibility of LRTI in a patient with disseminated tuberculosis. Evolution After establishment of systemic corticosteroid therapy and maintenance of antituberculosis therapy, the hemiparesis resolved within 72 hours, with mild residual gait instability. Brain biopsy specimens showed fibronecrotic tissue with presence of inflammatory infiltrate and acid-fast bacilli (AFB), specifically 1-10 AFB per field, and polymerase chain reaction for M. tuberculosis was positive, although mycobacterial culture was negative. One month later, a follow-up abdominal CT scan was performed and the prostatic abscesses had disappeared, although there was still a minimal LVEF. The urinary catheter could be removed without recurrence of the symptoms. Corticosteroid treatment was maintained for 4 weeks and he completed one year of treatment for tuberculosis, with complete recovery. Final diagnosis Disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (pulmonary, cerebral, genitourinary and colonic, with formation of enterovesical fistula). Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
[ "A", "53-year-old", "male", "patient", "of", "Spanish", "nationality", ",", "smoker", "and", "injecting", "drug", "user", ",", "with", "co-infection", "with", "HIV", "and", "HCV", "known", "for", "20", "years", ".", "He", "was", "on", "treatment", "with", "tenofovir", "disoproxil", "fumarate", "200", "mg", ",", "emtricitabine", "200", "mg", "and", "efavirenz", "600", "mg", "co-formulated", "once", "a", "day", ",", "although", "with", "poor", "adherence", "and", "erratic", "follow-up", "in", "consultations", ".", "He", "had", "been", "admitted", "three", "months", "earlier", "for", "a", "recurrence", "of", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", "due", "to", "treatment", "abandonment", ",", "confirmed", "by", "the", "isolation", "of", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "in", "a", "bronchoalveolar", "lavage", "sample", ",", "sensitive", "to", "first-line", "antituberculosis", "drugs", ".", "At", "that", "time", "he", "had", "a", "CD4", "cell", "count", "of", "37", "cells", "/", "mm3", "and", "an", "HIV", "viral", "load", "(", "VL", ")", "of", "over", "100", ",", "000", "copies", "/", "ml", ".", "Anti-tuberculosis", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "isoniazid", "5", "mg", "/", "kg", ",", "rifampicin", "10", "mg", "/", "kg", "and", "pyrazinamide", "25", "mg", "/", "kg", ",", "and", "prophylaxis", "for", "Pneumocystis", "jirovecii", "with", "co-trimoxazole", "160", "/", "800", "mg", "three", "days", "per", "week", ".", "The", "same", "ART", "regimen", "that", "had", "been", "abandoned", "in", "the", "previous", "month", "was", "resumed", ",", "as", "no", "previous", "resistance", "had", "been", "demonstrated", "and", "there", "were", "no", "interactions", "with", "the", "antituberculosis", "treatment", ".", "After", "this", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "reported", "complete", "adherence", "to", "both", "therapies", ",", "corroborated", "by", "his", "family", ".", "At", "the", "last", "review", "(", "three", "weeks", "after", "discharge", ")", ",", "he", "had", "126", "CD4", "/", "mm3", "and", "an", "HIV", "CV", "of", "1", ",", "130", "copies", "/", "ml", ".", "The", "patient", "was", "readmitted", "for", "febrile", "syndrome", ",", "nausea", "and", "vomiting", ".", "He", "also", "reported", "involuntary", "urine", "leakage", "from", "the", "rectum", "for", "the", "past", "two", "months", ".", "He", "could", "identify", "it", "without", "difficulty", "because", "of", "its", "orange", "colour", "secondary", "to", "treatment", "with", "rifampicin", ".", "On", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "body", "temperature", "was", "37", ".", "7oC", "and", "the", "physical", "examination", "showed", "thinness", "and", "prostration", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", "showed", "bibasal", "crackles", "and", "the", "abdominal", "examination", "was", "normal", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "a", "mild", "leukocytosis", "of", "12", ",", "000", "cells", "/", "μl", "with", "82", "%", "neutrophils", ",", "haemoglobin", "12", ".", "3", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "211", ",", "000", "platelets", "/", "μl", ",", "creatinine", "1", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "gamma-glutamyl", "transferase", "118", "U", "/", "l", "and", "C-reactive", "protein", "8", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "A", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "emphysema", "with", "thickening", "of", "both", "pulmonary", "hilar", "cords", "and", "right", "hilar", "fibrous", "tracts", ",", "together", "with", "a", "cavitated", "pseudonodular", "image", "in", "the", "right", "upper", "lobe", ".", "Urinary", "tract", "ultrasound", "was", "requested", "and", "revealed", "no", "abnormalities", ".", "Given", "the", "high", "suspicion", "of", "enterovesical", "fistula", "(", "EVF", ")", "and", "the", "absence", "of", "another", "source", "of", "fever", ",", "a", "computed", "tomography", "(", "CT", ")", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "showed", "multiple", "prostatic", "abscesses", ",", "inflammatory", "impaction", "and", "retraction", "of", "the", "seminal", "vesicles", ",", "and", "a", "small", "fistulous", "tract", "between", "the", "middle", "sigmoid", "colon", "and", "the", "left", "seminal", "vesicle", ",", "with", "thickening", "of", "the", "walls", "of", "the", "urinary", "bladder", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "perform", "a", "cystoscopy", "which", "revealed", "the", "existence", "of", "a", "mamelonated", "plaque", "in", "the", "retrotrigone", ",", "suggestive", "of", "VEF", ",", "although", "the", "cystography", "did", "not", "reveal", "the", "presence", "of", "fistulous", "tracts", ".", "A", "colonoscopy", "was", "requested", ",", "in", "which", "no", "gross", "mucosal", "alteration", "or", "apparent", "drainage", "was", "found", ",", "although", "it", "was", "reported", "that", "the", "presence", "of", "a", "fistula", "could", "not", "be", "ruled", "out", "with", "absolute", "certainty", ".", "Also", ",", "puncture", "of", "the", "prostatic", "abscesses", "for", "microbiological", "study", "was", "unsuccessfully", "attempted", ".", "Urinalysis", ",", "urine", "sediment", "and", "urine", "culture", "(", "conventional", "and", "mycobacterial", "medium", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "blood", "and", "stool", "cultures", "were", "negative", ".", "Urinary", "catheterisation", "was", "performed", ",", "which", "relieved", "the", "urine", "output", "at", "the", "rectal", "level", ".", "Given", "the", "high", "suspicion", "that", "the", "prostatic", "abscesses", "and", "the", "FEV", "were", "of", "tuberculous", "aetiology", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "maintain", "the", "bladder", "catheter", "until", "a", "review", "in", "consultation", ".", "The", "following", "month", "the", "patient", "was", "readmitted", "for", "further", "investigation", "due", "to", "gait", "instability", "and", "left", "hemiparesis", ".", "A", "CT", "scan", "of", "the", "brain", "with", "contrast", "showed", "two", "space-occupying", "lesions", ",", "a", "left", "frontoparietal", "lesion", "measuring", "29", "x", "25", "x", "18", "mm", ",", "with", "irregular", "morphology", ",", "hyperdense", "periphery", "and", "hypodense", "centre", ";", "and", "another", "lesion", "measuring", "14", "x", "12", "mm", ",", "with", "the", "same", "characteristics", ",", "both", "with", "intense", "perilesional", "vasogenic", "oedema", "and", "moderate", "mass", "effect", "on", "the", "left", "ventricular", "system", ".", "The", "study", "was", "completed", "with", "a", "brain", "MRI", "which", "demonstrated", "the", "necrotic", "aspect", "of", "the", "more", "cranial", "lesion", ".", "A", "biopsy", "of", "the", "more", "peripheral", "space-occupying", "lesion", "was", "performed", ",", "and", "systemic", "corticosteroids", "and", "empirical", "treatment", "for", "Toxoplasma", "gondii", "were", "prescribed", ",", "while", "maintaining", "anti-tuberculosis", "treatment", ".", "Differential", "diagnosis", "In", "summary", ",", "this", "is", "a", "severely", "immunocompromised", "HIV-infected", "patient", "with", "a", "recent", "diagnosis", "of", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", ",", "for", "which", "he", "started", "ART", "and", "antituberculosis", "treatment", "together", ".", "Urine", "excretion", "from", "the", "rectum", "was", "suggestive", "of", "a", "VEF", ",", "supported", "by", "imaging", "and", "cystoscopy", "data", ".", "In", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "a", "VEF", ",", "in", "the", "colovesical", "form", ",", "the", "following", "aetiologies", "should", "be", "considered", ":", "Neoplasms", ":", "colorectal", "carcinoma", "causes", "20", "%", "of", "VEFs", ",", "but", "CT", "and", "colonoscopy", "excluded", "this", "diagnosis", ".", "Other", "pelvic", "neoplasms", "such", "as", "invasive", "prostate", "cancer", "or", "urothelial", "cancer", "were", "also", "excluded", "after", "testing", ".", "Inflammatory", "diseases", ":", "Rectal", "Crohn", "'", "s", "disease", "causes", "10", "%", "of", "VEFs", ".", "The", "absence", "of", "small", "bowel", "lesions", "on", "CT", "scan", "and", "normal", "colonoscopy", "made", "this", "aetiology", "unlikely", ".", "Infections", ":", "complicated", "diverticulitis", "is", "the", "most", "frequent", "cause", "of", "VEF", "(", "70-90", "%", ")", ".", "It", "presents", "as", "a", "septic", "picture", "with", "abdominal", "pain", "and", "defence", ",", "absent", "in", "our", "patient", ".", "CT", "usually", "demonstrates", "a", "peridiverticular", "or", "pelvic", "abscess", ",", "absent", "in", "our", "case", ".", "Abdominal", "actinomycosis", ",", "being", "an", "infection", "caused", "by", "a", "slow-growing", "oral", "and", "intestinal", "commensal", "bacterium", ",", "occurs", "in", "people", "with", "a", "history", "of", "surgery", ",", "neoplasia", "or", "visceral", "perforation", "in", "the", "previous", "months", "and", "is", "generally", "localised", ",", "with", "involvement", "of", "a", "single", "organ", ".", "Other", "rarer", "aetiologies", "of", "VEF", "include", ":", "typhoid", "fever", ",", "very", "rare", "in", "Spain", ",", "which", "usually", "presents", "with", "negative", "blood", "cultures", ";", "amebiasis", ",", "in", "patients", "with", "a", "history", "of", "stay", "in", "endemic", "areas", ";", "and", "syphilis", ",", "but", "this", "presentation", "would", "be", "extraordinarily", "rare", "in", "this", "entity", "and", "would", "be", "typical", "of", "homosexual", "patients1", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "possibility", "of", "a", "tuberculous", "aetiology", ",", "despite", "anti-tuberculosis", "treatment", ",", "could", "not", "be", "excluded", ",", "as", "the", "patient", "may", "have", "presented", "from", "the", "outset", "with", "a", "disseminated", "form", ",", "initially", "silent", ",", "with", "intestinal", "and", "prostatic", "involvement", ",", "as", "evidenced", "by", "the", "emission", "of", "urine", "from", "the", "rectum", ".", "In", "immunocompetent", "patients", ",", "60-80", "%", "of", "prostatic", "abscesses", "are", "caused", "by", "gram-negative", "bacilli", ",", "with", "Escherichia", "coli", "as", "the", "predominant", "organism", ",", "with", "Staphylococcus", "aureus", "being", "another", "possible", "agent", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "bacteraemia", ".", "However", ",", "in", "severely", "immunocompromised", "HIV-infected", "patients", ",", "we", "should", "consider", "other", "microorganisms", ",", "mainly", "mycobacteria", "(", "Mycobacterium", "avium", "complex", "and", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", ")", "and", "fungi", "(", "mainly", "Cryptococcus", "neoformans", "and", "Candida", ")", "2", ".", "Finally", ",", "the", "appearance", "of", "space-occupying", "lesions", "in", "the", "brain", "forces", "us", "to", "include", "other", "opportunistic", "infections", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", ".", "In", "our", "patient", ",", "these", "lesions", "had", "a", "fronto-parietal", "location", "in", "contact", "with", "the", "corpus", "callosum", ",", "with", "contrast", "uptake", "and", "mass", "effect", "that", "secondarily", "caused", "clinical", "symptoms", "of", "intracranial", "hypertension", ".", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "cerebral", "space-occupying", "lesions", "in", "a", "severely", "immunosuppressed", "patient", "would", "include", ":", "Cerebral", "toxoplasmosis", ".", "It", "mainly", "presents", "with", "headache", ",", "fever", "and", "alterations", "in", "the", "level", "of", "consciousness", "that", "may", "be", "associated", "with", "focal", "neurological", "symptoms", "or", "even", "seizures", ".", "Its", "lesions", "are", "characterised", "by", "multiple", "lesions", ",", "mainly", "located", "at", "the", "frontotemporal", "level", "and", "ring", "contrast-enhancing", ".", "Primary", "central", "nervous", "system", "lymphoma", ".", "This", "manifests", "with", "multiple", "or", "single", "lesions", ",", "usually", "periventricular", "or", "periependymal", ",", "which", "may", "be", "larger", "than", "4", "cm", ",", "which", "is", "less", "common", "in", "toxoplasmosis", ".", "Tuberculomas", ".", "These", "are", "granulomatous", "conglomerates", "that", "may", "be", "single", "or", "multiple", ",", "and", "in", "late", "stages", "appear", "encapsulated", "with", "peripheral", "enhancement", ".", "The", "most", "frequent", "clinical", "manifestation", "is", "intracranial", "hypertension", ".", "Other", "causes", "of", "brain", "abscesses", "in", "this", "context", "such", "as", "Aspergillus", "spp", ",", "Nocardia", "spp", ",", "Rhodococcus", "spp", ",", "Listeria", "spp", ",", "C", ".", "neoformans", "and", "Coccidioides", "immitis", "are", "much", "less", "frequent3", ".", "We", "would", "rule", "out", "other", "opportunistic", "pathologies", "that", "do", "not", "present", "with", "mass", "effect", ",", "including", "progressive", "multifocal", "leukoencephalopathy", ",", "caused", "by", "JC", "virus", ",", "which", "causes", "multifocal", "areas", "of", "bilateral", "and", "asymmetric", "periventricular", "demyelination", "that", "usually", "do", "not", "contrast", "uptake", ",", "leading", "to", "rapidly", "progressive", "focal", "neurological", "symptoms", ";", "HIV", "encephalopathy", ",", "characterised", "by", "symmetrical", "subcortical", "lesions", "resulting", "in", "the", "clinical", "triad", "of", "memory", "loss", ",", "depressive", "symptoms", "and", "motor", "disturbances", ";", "and", "cytomegalovirus", "encephalitis", ",", "consisting", "of", "diffuse", "micronodular", "encephalitis", "with", "clinical", "features", "of", "delirium", ",", "confusion", "and", "motor", "disturbances", ".", "Taking", "all", "this", "into", "account", ",", "the", "most", "likely", "disease", "that", "could", "explain", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "findings", "would", "be", "disseminated", "tuberculosis", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "prostatic", "abscesses", ",", "VEGF", "and", "space-occupying", "lesions", "in", "the", "brain", "within", "2-3", "months", "of", "restarting", "anti-TB", "treatment", "and", "ART", "in", "a", "severely", "immunocompromised", "patient", "with", "HIV", "infection", "forces", "us", "to", "consider", "the", "possibility", "of", "LRTI", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "disseminated", "tuberculosis", ".", "Evolution", "After", "establishment", "of", "systemic", "corticosteroid", "therapy", "and", "maintenance", "of", "antituberculosis", "therapy", ",", "the", "hemiparesis", "resolved", "within", "72", "hours", ",", "with", "mild", "residual", "gait", "instability", ".", "Brain", "biopsy", "specimens", "showed", "fibronecrotic", "tissue", "with", "presence", "of", "inflammatory", "infiltrate", "and", "acid-fast", "bacilli", "(", "AFB", ")", ",", "specifically", "1-10", "AFB", "per", "field", ",", "and", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "for", "M", ".", "tuberculosis", "was", "positive", ",", "although", "mycobacterial", "culture", "was", "negative", ".", "One", "month", "later", ",", "a", "follow-up", "abdominal", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", "and", "the", "prostatic", "abscesses", "had", "disappeared", ",", "although", "there", "was", "still", "a", "minimal", "LVEF", ".", "The", "urinary", "catheter", "could", "be", "removed", "without", "recurrence", "of", "the", "symptoms", ".", "Corticosteroid", "treatment", "was", "maintained", "for", "4", "weeks", "and", "he", "completed", "one", "year", "of", "treatment", "for", "tuberculosis", ",", "with", "complete", "recovery", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Disseminated", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "infection", "(", "pulmonary", ",", "cerebral", ",", "genitourinary", "and", "colonic", ",", "with", "formation", "of", "enterovesical", "fistula", ")", ".", "Immune", "reconstitution", "inflammatory", "syndrome", "." ]
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en
An 82-year-old man with a personal history of allergy to iodinated contrast, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal bleeding related to taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 14 years ago. He underwent aortic valve replacement 10 years ago due to aortic valve stenosis, with implantation of a biological valve and reoperation 2 months ago due to degeneration of the aortic valve with implantation of a new Edwards Magna 23 biological prosthesis. During this last admission, he presented with de novo atrial fibrillation with a CHADS2 of 2, requiring oral anticoagulation at discharge. He was admitted to Infectious Diseases one month ago for early prosthetic endocarditis possibly due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. The patient progressed well and was discharged with daptomycin 750 mg/24h administered daily in the day hospital. His usual home treatment at this time was enalapril 20 mg/12 hours, simvastatin 20 mg/24 hours, furosemide 20 mg/24 hours, acenocoumarol according to controls, omeprazole 20 mg/24 hours and daptomycin 750 mg/24 hours. On the seventh day after discharge, during his visit to the Day Hospital for the antibiotic infusion, he reported a fever, predominantly in the afternoon, as well as a slight increase in dyspnoea and poor general condition, but without digestive, urinary or abdominal symptoms. In view of his history, it was decided to admit him for further investigation. On examination, the patient was in fair general condition with a blood pressure of 120/75 mmHg, a heart rate of 75 bpm, and a temperature of 38.5o C. Basal oxygen saturation 92%. Basal oxygen saturation 92% and weight 75 kg. On auscultation he was arrhythmic and there was a 1/4 ejection murmur in the aortic focus. He also had minimal crackles in both bases. Examination of the abdomen and lower extremities was unremarkable and there were no stigmata of endocarditis. On admission, blood tests showed 9950 leukocytes/mm3 with 86.3% neutrophils and an increase in liver enzymes (GOT 39 IU/L, GPT 40 IU/L, GGT 405 IU/L, FA 281 IU/L) with C-reactive protein (CRP) 312 mg/L. The anterior chest X-ray showed a condensation in the right hemithorax; The study was expanded with a chest CT scan two days later, which showed paratracheal, precarinal and aortopulmonary window lymphadenopathies of around one centimetre, a small right pleural effusion, paraseptal emphysema and multiple foci of consolidation with air bronchogram, tarnished glass and some areas with predominantly subpleural cobblestoning in the right hemithorax more than the left hemithorax. Serial blood cultures taken on three occasions 3 days apart and urine cultures were negative and transthoracic echocardiography 3 and 14 days after admission showed a normofunctioning aortic bioprosthesis and left ventricular hypertrophy with preserved ventricular systolic function with no data suggestive of endocarditis. Differential diagnosis In this case we would have to make a differential diagnosis of fever and pulmonary condensation in a patient with a recent admission. As main causes we can distinguish: infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory/rheumatological or autoimmune. Given the patient's history of endocarditis and recent hospital admission, we might be more inclined, in the first place, towards an infectious cause of nosocomial origin, although without ruling out other possibilities: 1. Recurrent infectious endocarditis with acute pulmonary oedema: a transthoracic ultrasound was performed with no evidence of heart failure or malfunction of prosthesis and serial blood cultures to rule it out. Pneumonia of nosocomial origin for which empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was started pending results due to the possibility of resistant germs. Urine antigens for Pneumococcus and Legionella were negative; sputum tests could not be performed due to the patient's scant expectoration. Cryptogenetic organisative pneumonia: radiographic pattern similar to that of our patient but generally more subacute course, good response to steroids but frequent recurrences as there is no known trigger. Drug-associated eosinophilic pneumonia: similar to cryptogenetic organismal pneumonia but with a clear trigger, a drug, and with eosinophils in the bonchioloalveolar lavage. The drugs most frequently associated with this entity are methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin and sulphonamides. Acute interstitial pneumonitis (Hamman-Rich syndrome): a disease with diffuse pulmonary involvement and respiratory failure that is distinguished from acute eosinophilic pneumonia by the absence of eosinophils in the bronchioloalveolar lavage. It usually manifests in a more acute and fulminant manner than the clinical presentation of our patient. Other possibilities, although more remote due to the evolution and because they would be independent of the initial episode, but which should be considered once the previous ones have been ruled out, are tumour or inflammatory aetiology: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, pulmonary involvement due to vasculitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome, Goodpasture's syndrome, lupus pneumonitis, etc.) or allergic pulmonary aspergillosis. Evolution During admission, empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was started due to the possibility of nosocomial pneumonia, but the patient persisted with fever and elevated liver enzymes and CRP. These clinical data together with the findings of the chest CT scan supported the diagnosis of eosinophilic drug-induced pneumonia, suspecting daptomycin as the causative agent, for which reason it was decided to discontinue this antibiotic, to start corticosteroids at an initial dose of 40 mg of prednisolone every 12 hours and to change the antibiotic therapy to vancomycin for the remaining days until completing the six weeks scheduled for the endocarditis, with a very good clinical response. At discharge the patient was afebrile and without dyspnoea, haemodynamically stable and with good baseline saturations. Liver enzymes and CRP were normalised. At the consultation one month after discharge with progressive reduction of steroids, the patient was stable and without respiratory symptoms, the control chest CT scan showed multiple foci of consolidation with air bronchogram, tarnished glass and some areas of cobblestones, predominantly right subpleural, but with significant improvement with respect to the CT scan on admission. The control CT scan three months after discharge showed no more areas of ground glass or cobblestones, and the CT scan was normal except for the paraseptal emphysema. Final diagnosis Severe pulmonary toxicity due to Daptomycin (probable eosinophilic pneumonia) in a patient with early aortic endocarditis due to multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis.
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"sputum", "tests", "could", "not", "be", "performed", "due", "to", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "scant", "expectoration", ".", "Cryptogenetic", "organisative", "pneumonia", ":", "radiographic", "pattern", "similar", "to", "that", "of", "our", "patient", "but", "generally", "more", "subacute", "course", ",", "good", "response", "to", "steroids", "but", "frequent", "recurrences", "as", "there", "is", "no", "known", "trigger", ".", "Drug-associated", "eosinophilic", "pneumonia", ":", "similar", "to", "cryptogenetic", "organismal", "pneumonia", "but", "with", "a", "clear", "trigger", ",", "a", "drug", ",", "and", "with", "eosinophils", "in", "the", "bonchioloalveolar", "lavage", ".", "The", "drugs", "most", "frequently", "associated", "with", "this", "entity", "are", "methotrexate", ",", "nitrofurantoin", ",", "phenytoin", "and", "sulphonamides", ".", "Acute", "interstitial", "pneumonitis", "(", "Hamman-Rich", "syndrome", ")", ":", "a", "disease", "with", "diffuse", "pulmonary", "involvement", "and", "respiratory", "failure", "that", "is", "distinguished", "from", "acute", "eosinophilic", "pneumonia", "by", "the", "absence", "of", "eosinophils", "in", "the", "bronchioloalveolar", "lavage", ".", "It", "usually", "manifests", "in", "a", "more", "acute", "and", "fulminant", "manner", "than", "the", "clinical", "presentation", "of", "our", "patient", ".", "Other", "possibilities", ",", "although", "more", "remote", "due", "to", "the", "evolution", "and", "because", "they", "would", "be", "independent", "of", "the", "initial", "episode", ",", "but", "which", "should", "be", "considered", "once", "the", "previous", "ones", "have", "been", "ruled", "out", ",", "are", "tumour", "or", "inflammatory", "aetiology", ":", "bronchioloalveolar", "carcinoma", ",", "pulmonary", "involvement", "due", "to", "vasculitis", "(", "Churg-Strauss", "syndrome", ",", "Goodpasture", "'", "s", "syndrome", ",", "lupus", "pneumonitis", ",", "etc", ".", ")", "or", "allergic", "pulmonary", "aspergillosis", ".", "Evolution", "During", "admission", ",", "empirical", "broad-spectrum", "antibiotic", "therapy", "was", "started", "due", "to", "the", "possibility", "of", "nosocomial", "pneumonia", ",", "but", "the", "patient", "persisted", "with", "fever", "and", "elevated", "liver", "enzymes", "and", "CRP", ".", "These", "clinical", "data", "together", "with", "the", "findings", "of", "the", "chest", "CT", "scan", "supported", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "eosinophilic", "drug-induced", "pneumonia", ",", "suspecting", "daptomycin", "as", "the", "causative", "agent", ",", "for", "which", "reason", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "discontinue", "this", "antibiotic", ",", "to", "start", "corticosteroids", "at", "an", "initial", "dose", "of", "40", "mg", "of", "prednisolone", "every", "12", "hours", "and", "to", "change", "the", "antibiotic", "therapy", "to", "vancomycin", "for", "the", "remaining", "days", "until", "completing", "the", "six", "weeks", "scheduled", "for", "the", "endocarditis", ",", "with", "a", "very", "good", "clinical", "response", ".", "At", "discharge", "the", "patient", "was", "afebrile", "and", "without", "dyspnoea", ",", "haemodynamically", "stable", "and", "with", "good", "baseline", "saturations", ".", "Liver", "enzymes", "and", "CRP", "were", "normalised", ".", "At", "the", "consultation", "one", "month", "after", "discharge", "with", "progressive", "reduction", "of", "steroids", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "stable", "and", "without", "respiratory", "symptoms", ",", "the", "control", "chest", "CT", "scan", "showed", "multiple", "foci", "of", "consolidation", "with", "air", "bronchogram", ",", "tarnished", "glass", "and", "some", "areas", "of", "cobblestones", ",", "predominantly", "right", "subpleural", ",", "but", "with", "significant", "improvement", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "CT", "scan", "on", "admission", ".", "The", "control", "CT", "scan", "three", "months", "after", "discharge", "showed", "no", "more", "areas", "of", "ground", "glass", "or", "cobblestones", ",", "and", "the", "CT", "scan", "was", "normal", "except", "for", "the", "paraseptal", "emphysema", ".", "Final", "diagnosis", "Severe", "pulmonary", "toxicity", "due", "to", "Daptomycin", "(", "probable", "eosinophilic", "pneumonia", ")", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "early", "aortic", "endocarditis", "due", "to", "multidrug-resistant", "S", ".", "epidermidis", "." ]
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[ { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 26, "end": 34 }, { "text": "methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 721, "end": 769 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 775, "end": 782 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1482, "end": 1489 }, { "text": "Legionella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3831, "end": 3841 }, { "text": "Pneumococcus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3814, "end": 3826 }, { "text": "resistant germs", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 3778, "end": 3793 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3065, "end": 3072 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3214, "end": 3221 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 6717, "end": 6724 }, { "text": "multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 6763, "end": 6797 } ]
en
MCSS. Six-year-old female patient, originally from the state of San Luis Potosí, with residence in the Acantzen neighbourhood of the Tanchahuil locality in the municipality of San Antonio, in the same state. The patient was brought by her father to the health centre, where the medical staff requested a consultation to make the diagnosis. The interrogation was carried out directly and indirectly through an interview with the father. Her current illness began on 5 May 2007, after being bitten by the insect that transmitted the disease during the night; the following day she presented with an unquantified, constant fever that lasted one day, which subsided spontaneously, only to appear again six days later accompanied by left bipalpebral oedema, for which reason her parents went to the Tanchahuil health centre, where a blood sample was taken by digital puncture for a smear and thick blood drop; They were sent to the Laboratory of Health Jurisdiction 6, where Trypanosoma cruzi blood trypomastigotes were observed. The jurisdictional epidemiologist contacted the Parasite Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of the UNAM on 15 May to request confirmation of the diagnosis and specific treatment. The following day, the patient was visited at home to carry out a clinical epidemiological study with a clinical history, evaluation of the home and taking samples for parasite and serological diagnosis. Personal non-pathological and pathological history, without relevance to the current condition. She has a history of epidemiological importance related to living with the transmitting insect in the home from birth, as well as the capture of a triatomine inside the home, which is corroborated by the identification of Triatoma dimidiata specimens by the patient and her father, who refers that in the region they are known as Jutzul, which in the Huasteca language means "the one that sucks blood". Another important antecedent is the characteristics of the house, which has construction materials considered risky for the presence of the transmitter (reed walls, earthen floor and palm roof), as well as poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, ventilation and lighting. The patient had a negative history of transfusions. On physical examination, the most relevant findings were the Romaña sign in the left eye, accompanied by erythema, pruritus and retroocular pain, and left preauricular and submaxillary adenomegaly. Cardiac sounds were unaltered, without hepatosplenomegaly; lower limbs without oedema. Parasitological diagnosis was confirmed by the Parasite Biology Laboratory, by observing the parasite in smears and its isolation in NNN and LIT culture medium. Blood biometry, blood chemistry, general urine examination and liver function tests were requested, which were normal, so treatment was started with benznidazole at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for 30 days, under the supervision of the epidemiologist of the health jurisdiction, with no adverse reactions. After treatment, she was monitored serologically with indirect ELISA and IFA every six months for a year and a half, whose titres were, respectively, 0.231 O.D. and 1:256 at six months, 0.049 O.D. and 1:128 at 12 months, and 0.021 O.D. and 1:64 at 18 months; an ECG was performed six months after treatment, which was interpreted as a normal tracing. The patient evolved asymptomatically and is currently in apparent good health.
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",", "which", "subsided", "spontaneously", ",", "only", "to", "appear", "again", "six", "days", "later", "accompanied", "by", "left", "bipalpebral", "oedema", ",", "for", "which", "reason", "her", "parents", "went", "to", "the", "Tanchahuil", "health", "centre", ",", "where", "a", "blood", "sample", "was", "taken", "by", "digital", "puncture", "for", "a", "smear", "and", "thick", "blood", "drop", ";", "They", "were", "sent", "to", "the", "Laboratory", "of", "Health", "Jurisdiction", "6", ",", "where", "Trypanosoma", "cruzi", "blood", "trypomastigotes", "were", "observed", ".", "The", "jurisdictional", "epidemiologist", "contacted", "the", "Parasite", "Biology", "Laboratory", "of", "the", "Faculty", "of", "Medicine", "of", "the", "UNAM", "on", "15", "May", "to", "request", "confirmation", "of", "the", "diagnosis", "and", "specific", "treatment", ".", "The", "following", "day", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "visited", "at", "home", "to", "carry", "out", "a", "clinical", 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"antecedent", "is", "the", "characteristics", "of", "the", "house", ",", "which", "has", "construction", "materials", "considered", "risky", "for", "the", "presence", "of", "the", "transmitter", "(", "reed", "walls", ",", "earthen", "floor", "and", "palm", "roof", ")", ",", "as", "well", "as", "poor", "sanitary", "and", "hygienic", "conditions", ",", "ventilation", "and", "lighting", ".", "The", "patient", "had", "a", "negative", "history", "of", "transfusions", ".", "On", "physical", "examination", ",", "the", "most", "relevant", "findings", "were", "the", "Romaña", "sign", "in", "the", "left", "eye", ",", "accompanied", "by", "erythema", ",", "pruritus", "and", "retroocular", "pain", ",", "and", "left", "preauricular", "and", "submaxillary", "adenomegaly", ".", "Cardiac", "sounds", "were", "unaltered", ",", "without", "hepatosplenomegaly", ";", "lower", "limbs", "without", "oedema", ".", "Parasitological", "diagnosis", "was", "confirmed", "by", "the", "Parasite", "Biology", 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PERSONAL HISTORY A 60-year-old male patient with the following history: Family history of early ischaemic heart disease: brother died of acute myocardial infarction at the age of 48, sister with chronic ischaemic heart disease since the age of 50. No known drug allergies. Arterial hypertension with good control as usual. Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in treatment with oral antidiabetics, with last HbA1c 7% (November 2017). Probable difficult to control familial hypercholesterolaemia. Chronic ischaemic heart disease with completely revascularised multivessel disease and preserved biventricular systolic function. Debut in January 2017 with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) of the non-Q acute myocardial infarction (AMI) type, with coronary angiography finding multivessel disease, with severe lesion in the distal trunk affecting the origin of the anterior descending artery (LAD) and severe lesion in the middle third of the right coronary artery (RCA), undergoing triple coronary artery bypass (left internal mammary to LAD, saphenous to obtuse marginal and saphenous to RCA). At discharge echocardiography with preserved systolic function (LVEF 67%) without segmental alterations of contractility and analysis with hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol 200 mg/dl, LDL-C 140 mg/dl, HDL 23 mg/dl) despite treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg. Admission to cardiology in February 2017 due to a new episode of chest pain with pleuritic characteristics and no elevation of myocardial damage markers, with a new echocardiography that was superimposable to the previous one except for the finding of slight pericardial effusion with no data of haemodynamic compromise. Treatment was started with high-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) with clinical improvement, and the patient was discharged with a diagnosis of Dressler's syndrome. A new blood test also showed LDL-C 201 mg/dl and treatment was started with atorvastatin 80 mg/ezetimibe 10 mg on discharge. Subsequent follow-up in cardiology outpatient clinics, with good functional class and no effort angina, as well as good therapeutic compliance with controlled blood pressure and good glycaemic control. In analytical tests, hypercholesterolemia persisted with marked elevation of LDL-C levels. Other surgical interventions: meniscopathy. CURRENT DISEASE 60-year-old patient under follow-up in cardiology outpatient clinic since previous admission for AMI undergoing surgical revascularisation. The patient reports being in good clinical condition, with no angina or dyspnoea on exertion after discharge. He denies orthopnoea or episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea. He reported having completed the cardiac rehabilitation programme and was living a routine life without limitations. He attended the consultation to collect the results. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Good general condition. Conscious, oriented. Well hydrated and perfused. Eupneic at rest. SatO2 98% without oxygen therapy. Blood pressure (BP) 130/80, heart rate (HR) 70. No jugular engorgement. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic, at a good frequency. No murmurs or audible extratonos. Bladder murmur preserved, without pathological noises added. Lower limbs: no oedema or signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Distal pulses preserved and symmetrical. COMPLEMENTARY TESTS ECG (April 2018): sinus rhythm at 70 bpm, normal axis, normal PR, narrow QRS, Q wave in III and aVF with negative T in I and aVL, no other repolarisation alterations, no signs of acute ischaemia, normal QTc. Echocardiography (April 2018): non-dilated left ventricle without hypertrophy of its walls. Left atrium slightly dilated. Thoracic aorta within the normal range. No significant valvular heart disease. Preserved left ventricular systolic function, with LVEF calculated by Simpson BP at 67%, without segmental contractility disorders. Transmitral filling pattern of impaired relaxation without increased filling pressures. Inferior vena cava not dilated with adequate inspiratory collapse. No pericardial effusion. CBC (April 2018): CBC: leukocytes 8,100 units, haemoglobin 13.4 g/dl, platelets 339,000 units. Biochemistry: Cr 0.84 mg/dl, normal ions, normal hepatobiliary profile. HbA1c 7.0% Lipid profile: total cholesterol 345 mg/dl, LDLc 278 mg/dl, HDL 52 mg/dl, triglycerides 75 mg/dl. CBC (June 2018, after starting alirocumab): CBC: leukocytes 9,100 units, haemoglobin 13.9 g/dl, platelets 280,000 units. Biochemistry: Cr 0.90 mg/dl, normal ions, normal hepatobiliary profile. HbA1c 6.9%. Lipid profile: total cholesterol 147 mg/dl, LDL-C 78 mg/dl, HDL 55 mg/dl, triglycerides 72 mg/dl. CLINICAL COURSE The patient attended the consultation to collect the results, reporting a good clinical condition. He denies myalgia with high-dose statin treatment, but reports concern about the difficulty of controlling his cholesterol given his personal and family history. He reported good compliance with treatment, with good control of blood pressure and blood glucose levels at home, as well as the recommended hygienic and dietary measures. The control blood test showed persistent hypercholesterolaemia, with total cholesterol levels of 345 mg/dl and LDL-C of 278 mg/dl despite treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/ezetimibe 10 mg. Given that the cholesterol levels were far from optimal, it was decided to start treatment with alirocumab 150 mg every two weeks and to review in one month with a new blood test. The patient returned for another check-up in June 2018, denying having had any adverse reaction after starting treatment. The control analysis showed a total cholesterol level of 147 mg/dl with LDL-C levels of 78 mg/dl. DIAGNOSIS Chronic ischaemic heart disease with completely surgically revascularised multivessel disease and preserved left ventricular systolic function. Probable familial hypercholesterolemia of very difficult control. Arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus with good control.
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"LDL-C", "140", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "HDL", "23", "mg", "/", "dl", ")", "despite", "treatment", "with", "atorvastatin", "80", "mg", ".", "Admission", "to", "cardiology", "in", "February", "2017", "due", "to", "a", "new", "episode", "of", "chest", "pain", "with", "pleuritic", "characteristics", "and", "no", "elevation", "of", "myocardial", "damage", "markers", ",", "with", "a", "new", "echocardiography", "that", "was", "superimposable", "to", "the", "previous", "one", "except", "for", "the", "finding", "of", "slight", "pericardial", "effusion", "with", "no", "data", "of", "haemodynamic", "compromise", ".", "Treatment", "was", "started", "with", "high-dose", "acetylsalicylic", "acid", "(", "ASA", ")", "with", "clinical", "improvement", ",", "and", "the", "patient", "was", "discharged", "with", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "Dressler", "'", "s", "syndrome", ".", "A", "new", "blood", "test", "also", "showed", "LDL-C", "201", "mg", "/", "dl", "and", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", 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"Transmitral", "filling", "pattern", "of", "impaired", "relaxation", "without", "increased", "filling", "pressures", ".", "Inferior", "vena", "cava", "not", "dilated", "with", "adequate", "inspiratory", "collapse", ".", "No", "pericardial", "effusion", ".", "CBC", "(", "April", "2018", ")", ":", "CBC", ":", "leukocytes", "8", ",", "100", "units", ",", "haemoglobin", "13", ".", "4", "g", "/", "dl", ",", "platelets", "339", ",", "000", "units", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "Cr", "0", ".", "84", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "normal", "ions", ",", "normal", "hepatobiliary", "profile", ".", "HbA1c", "7", ".", "0", "%", "Lipid", "profile", ":", "total", "cholesterol", "345", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "LDLc", "278", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "HDL", "52", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "triglycerides", "75", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "CBC", "(", "June", "2018", ",", "after", "starting", "alirocumab", ")", ":", "CBC", ":", "leukocytes", "9", ",", "100", "units", ",", "haemoglobin", "13", ".", "9", "g", "/", "dl", ",", 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en
Female patient, 43 years old, from the shapono of Wareta, (2o 47 ́ 34" N, 64o 13 ́ 46" W, Altitude: 897 m above sea level) belonging to the Yanomami community of Parima B (Alto Orinoco Municipality, Amazonas State), with no known pathological history, who began her illness in 2006, when she presented with abdominal pain located in the right hypochondrium, of moderate intensity, of a stabbing nature and hepatomegaly, for which reason she was evaluated by a local doctor. Serological studies showed positive IgG-Hydatidosis ELISA (D.O. 0.360) and positive WB for Echinococcus sp. 5 of 6 specific bands were detected. The patient was referred to the HUC where the following paraclinical results were obtained. Laboratory: Hb: 11.8 g/dL, Ht: 35.0%, WBC: 6100, No: 56.9%, Lo: 29.3%, Eo: 8.3%. TGO: 27U/L, TGP: 18U/L. Abdominal ultrasonography, Liver: two heterogeneous images, with poorly defined hypoechogenic contours, with anechogenic images inside, without Doppler effect: one located in segment VII of 4.2 x 2.7 x 4.5 cm with total volume approx. 26.09 mL, and the other located in segment VIII of 5 x 4.8 x 4.9 cm, with total volume approx. 62.02mL. Abdominal CT scan: heterogeneous image located in hepatic segments VI and VII, of cystic aspect, bilobed, with calcification area, measuring 11 x 7 x 5 x 5 cm. On 18/02/10, after 3 months of treatment with albendazole, she was taken to the operating theatre with a diagnosis of hepatic hydatidosis for PAIR, robotic partial cystectomy and omentoplasty. The fluid extracted from the hydatid cyst of the surgical intervention had the same macroscopic characteristics as the fluid extracted in case 1. In this case, there were also numerous hydatids with no movement of the flaming cells and 200 hooks were observed. Morphobiometry was performed on these and an average total size of 38.42 μ, blade size of 24.41μ and hook shank size of 13.95 μ were obtained, which were characteristic of E. vogeli. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative course with tomographic controls before discharge. Three months of post-operative treatment with the described doses of albendazole was indicated and she now resides in her community.
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en
Reason for consultation Individual approach (anamnesis, examination, complementary tests) Anamnesis: 15-year-old male, with the following history: No family history of interest. No known drug allergies. No cardiovascular risk factors: No HBP, no DM, no DLP. No other diseases of interest. No surgical interventions. No active treatment. The patient came accompanied by his mother to the emergency department of the Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez (Huelva), referred from his health centre, reporting orange-coloured urine for 3-4 days. He also mentioned pain in the left hypochondrium in the previous days, not present at the time of consultation. Asthenia of two weeks' evolution associated with a fever that had not been measured in previous days. No micturition symptoms. No diarrhoea or constipation. No acholia. She reported isolated vomiting the previous night. No fever. No consumption of risky foods. No consumption of toxic substances or medication. Physical examination: good general condition, conscious, oriented and cooperative. Non-hydrated and normoperfused. Slight cutaneous-mucosal and conjunctival jaundice. Eupneic at rest. BP: 135/73 SO2: 99%. Ta: 38.2oC HR: 102 bpm - ACP: Rhythmic tones at a good frequency, without murmurs, friction rubs or extratones. VCM without pathological sounds. - Abdomen soft, depressible, slightly painful on palpation in the left hypochondrium, with no signs of abdominal defence or peritoneal irritation. Murphy's sign and Blumberg's sign negative. Bilateral percussion fist negative. No hernias, masses or megaliths were palpable. Hydro-aerial sounds present. - Neurological: PINLA. ECMO. Cranial nerves preserved. Strength and sensitivity preserved. No gait alterations. No meningeal signs. No signs of neurological focality. Complementary tests - Abdominal X-ray: visible psoas lines. Stool and gas in colic frame. Gas in rectal ampulla. No radiological image suggestive of hydro-aerial levels. - CBC: Leukocytosis of 17,730 with lymphocytosis of 73.1% and monocytosis of 11.9%; total bilirubin of 3.26 (direct bb 2.52, indirect bb 0.74); LDH of 717; AST 309; ALT 377; in urine, bilirubin and uribilinogen +. Family and community approach 15-year-old male, with no personal or family history of interest. He lives with his parents in a poor area of the city of Huelva. His mother works in a company as a cleaner and his father is a day labourer. He has no siblings. Good family support. Medium-low socio-cultural level. Due to the absence of clinical situations of interest so far, she does not undergo active medical follow-up. Action plan and evolution Given the clinical and analytical data previously mentioned, it was decided to extend the analysis by requesting AF, CRP, HCV, HBV, HIV, GGT and an ultrasound scan of the abdomen was requested. Of the expanded parameters, the only one of note was a GGT of 250. The serology for the viruses requested was negative. The only significant finding in the abdominal ultrasound was a mild and homogeneous splenomegaly (135mm). In this context, and analysing the data obtained in the tests requested, it is important to make a differential diagnosis between several pathological entities. Firstly, fever, pain in the right hypochondrium, jaundice, leukocytosis and hyperbilirubinaemia at the expense of direct bilirubin could lead us to suspect a biliary condition, such as cholecystitis. However, in the context of such a picture, an image compatible with biliary lithiasis and positive ultrasound Murphy would most likely have been found on ultrasound. On the other hand, the same analytical findings mentioned above, together with the choluria and the increase in GGT could point to a picture of choledocholithiasis/cholangitis. However, in this context, it would be logical to have also found analytical data such as elevated AF (cholestasis enzyme) and ultrasound images of dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct or image of a stone at the level of the common bile duct. Finally, and taking into account the physical examination with pain in the left and right hypochondrium, fever, jaundice, leukocytosis with lymphomonocytosis in requested analyses, together with hyperbilirubinaemia and mild splenomegaly without biliary tract involvement as observed by ultrasound, the most likely diagnosis is Infectious Mononucleosis (although signs and symptoms such as pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy typical of this disease are absent). Thus, in view of the clinical and analytical findings and the imaging tests requested, it was finally decided to expand the heterophile antibodies in the analysis, which turned out to be positive. Clinical judgement (list of problems, differential diagnosis) Infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein Barr virus with atypical presentation. Action plan and evolution in the ED During his stay in the Emergency Department, the patient was asymptomatic, accompanied by his mother at all times and presented no adverse events of interest. He was discharged with home treatment of paracetamol 650mg every 8 hours if fever and relative rest for at least one month, with clinical and analytical control by his primary care physician to monitor subsequent analytical normalisation, in addition to abundant hydration and indications for which the ED should be consulted again.
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"consultation", ".", "Asthenia", "of", "two", "weeks", "'", "evolution", "associated", "with", "a", "fever", "that", "had", "not", "been", "measured", "in", "previous", "days", ".", "No", "micturition", "symptoms", ".", "No", "diarrhoea", "or", "constipation", ".", "No", "acholia", ".", "She", "reported", "isolated", "vomiting", "the", "previous", "night", ".", "No", "fever", ".", "No", "consumption", "of", "risky", "foods", ".", "No", "consumption", "of", "toxic", "substances", "or", "medication", ".", "Physical", "examination", ":", "good", "general", "condition", ",", "conscious", ",", "oriented", "and", "cooperative", ".", "Non-hydrated", "and", "normoperfused", ".", "Slight", "cutaneous-mucosal", "and", "conjunctival", "jaundice", ".", "Eupneic", "at", "rest", ".", "BP", ":", "135", "/", "73", "SO2", ":", "99", "%", ".", "Ta", ":", "38", ".", "2oC", "HR", ":", "102", "bpm", "-", "ACP", ":", "Rhythmic", "tones", "at", "a", "good", "frequency", ",", "without", "murmurs", ",", "friction", "rubs", "or", "extratones", ".", "VCM", "without", "pathological", "sounds", ".", "-", "Abdomen", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "slightly", "painful", "on", "palpation", "in", "the", "left", "hypochondrium", ",", "with", "no", "signs", "of", "abdominal", "defence", "or", "peritoneal", "irritation", ".", "Murphy", "'", "s", "sign", "and", "Blumberg", "'", "s", "sign", "negative", ".", "Bilateral", "percussion", "fist", "negative", ".", "No", "hernias", ",", "masses", "or", "megaliths", "were", "palpable", ".", "Hydro-aerial", "sounds", "present", ".", "-", "Neurological", ":", "PINLA", ".", "ECMO", ".", "Cranial", "nerves", "preserved", ".", "Strength", "and", "sensitivity", "preserved", ".", "No", "gait", "alterations", ".", "No", "meningeal", "signs", ".", "No", "signs", "of", "neurological", "focality", ".", "Complementary", "tests", "-", "Abdominal", "X-ray", ":", "visible", "psoas", "lines", ".", "Stool", "and", "gas", "in", "colic", "frame", ".", "Gas", "in", "rectal", "ampulla", ".", "No", "radiological", "image", "suggestive", "of", "hydro-aerial", "levels", ".", "-", "CBC", ":", "Leukocytosis", "of", "17", ",", "730", "with", "lymphocytosis", "of", "73", ".", "1", "%", "and", "monocytosis", "of", "11", ".", "9", "%", ";", "total", "bilirubin", "of", "3", ".", "26", "(", "direct", "bb", "2", ".", "52", ",", "indirect", "bb", "0", ".", "74", ")", ";", "LDH", "of", "717", ";", "AST", "309", ";", "ALT", "377", ";", "in", "urine", ",", "bilirubin", "and", "uribilinogen", "+", ".", "Family", "and", "community", "approach", "15-year-old", "male", ",", "with", "no", "personal", "or", "family", "history", "of", "interest", ".", "He", "lives", "with", "his", "parents", "in", "a", "poor", "area", "of", "the", "city", "of", "Huelva", ".", "His", "mother", "works", "in", "a", "company", "as", "a", "cleaner", "and", "his", "father", "is", "a", "day", "labourer", ".", "He", "has", "no", "siblings", ".", "Good", "family", "support", ".", "Medium-low", "socio-cultural", "level", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "absence", "of", "clinical", "situations", "of", "interest", "so", "far", ",", "she", "does", "not", "undergo", "active", "medical", "follow-up", ".", "Action", "plan", "and", "evolution", "Given", "the", "clinical", "and", "analytical", "data", "previously", "mentioned", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "extend", "the", "analysis", "by", "requesting", "AF", ",", "CRP", ",", "HCV", ",", "HBV", ",", "HIV", ",", "GGT", "and", "an", "ultrasound", "scan", "of", "the", "abdomen", "was", "requested", ".", "Of", "the", "expanded", "parameters", ",", "the", "only", "one", "of", "note", "was", "a", "GGT", "of", "250", ".", "The", "serology", "for", "the", "viruses", "requested", "was", "negative", ".", "The", "only", "significant", "finding", "in", "the", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "was", "a", "mild", "and", "homogeneous", "splenomegaly", "(", "135mm", ")", ".", "In", "this", "context", ",", "and", "analysing", "the", "data", "obtained", "in", "the", "tests", "requested", ",", "it", "is", "important", "to", "make", "a", "differential", "diagnosis", "between", "several", "pathological", "entities", ".", "Firstly", ",", "fever", ",", "pain", "in", "the", "right", "hypochondrium", ",", "jaundice", ",", "leukocytosis", "and", "hyperbilirubinaemia", "at", "the", "expense", "of", "direct", "bilirubin", "could", "lead", "us", "to", "suspect", "a", "biliary", "condition", ",", "such", "as", "cholecystitis", ".", "However", ",", "in", "the", "context", "of", "such", "a", "picture", ",", "an", "image", "compatible", "with", "biliary", "lithiasis", "and", "positive", "ultrasound", "Murphy", "would", "most", "likely", "have", "been", "found", "on", "ultrasound", ".", "On", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "the", "same", "analytical", "findings", "mentioned", "above", ",", "together", "with", "the", "choluria", "and", "the", "increase", "in", "GGT", "could", "point", "to", "a", "picture", "of", "choledocholithiasis", "/", "cholangitis", ".", "However", ",", "in", "this", "context", ",", "it", "would", "be", "logical", "to", "have", "also", "found", "analytical", "data", "such", "as", "elevated", "AF", "(", "cholestasis", "enzyme", ")", "and", "ultrasound", "images", "of", "dilatation", "of", "the", "extrahepatic", "bile", "duct", "or", "image", "of", "a", "stone", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "common", "bile", "duct", ".", "Finally", ",", "and", "taking", "into", "account", "the", "physical", "examination", "with", "pain", "in", "the", "left", "and", "right", "hypochondrium", ",", "fever", ",", "jaundice", ",", "leukocytosis", "with", "lymphomonocytosis", "in", "requested", "analyses", ",", "together", "with", "hyperbilirubinaemia", "and", "mild", "splenomegaly", "without", "biliary", "tract", "involvement", "as", "observed", "by", "ultrasound", ",", "the", "most", "likely", "diagnosis", "is", "Infectious", "Mononucleosis", "(", "although", "signs", "and", "symptoms", "such", "as", "pharyngitis", "and", "lymphadenopathy", "typical", "of", "this", "disease", "are", "absent", ")", ".", "Thus", ",", "in", "view", "of", "the", "clinical", "and", "analytical", "findings", "and", "the", "imaging", "tests", "requested", ",", "it", "was", "finally", "decided", "to", "expand", "the", "heterophile", "antibodies", "in", "the", "analysis", ",", "which", "turned", "out", "to", "be", "positive", ".", "Clinical", "judgement", "(", "list", "of", "problems", ",", "differential", "diagnosis", ")", "Infectious", "mononucleosis", "due", "to", "Epstein", "Barr", "virus", "with", "atypical", "presentation", ".", "Action", "plan", "and", "evolution", "in", "the", "ED", "During", "his", "stay", "in", "the", "Emergency", "Department", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "asymptomatic", ",", "accompanied", "by", "his", "mother", "at", "all", "times", "and", "presented", "no", "adverse", "events", "of", "interest", ".", "He", "was", "discharged", "with", "home", "treatment", "of", "paracetamol", "650mg", "every", "8", "hours", "if", "fever", "and", "relative", "rest", "for", "at", "least", "one", "month", ",", "with", "clinical", "and", "analytical", "control", "by", "his", "primary", "care", "physician", "to", "monitor", "subsequent", "analytical", "normalisation", ",", "in", "addition", "to", "abundant", "hydration", "and", "indications", "for", "which", "the", "ED", "should", "be", "consulted", "again", "." ]
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[ { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 114, "end": 118 }, { "text": "family", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 151, "end": 157 }, { "text": "mother", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 375, "end": 381 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 343, "end": 350 }, { "text": "Family", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2163, "end": 2169 }, { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2205, "end": 2209 }, { "text": "family", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2231, "end": 2237 }, { "text": "family", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2425, "end": 2431 }, { "text": "siblings", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2410, "end": 2418 }, { "text": "mother", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2327, "end": 2333 }, { "text": "father", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2374, "end": 2380 }, { "text": "parents", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2277, "end": 2284 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2219, "end": 2227 }, { "text": "cleaner", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2358, "end": 2365 }, { "text": "day labourer", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2386, "end": 2398 }, { "text": "HBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2737, "end": 2740 }, { "text": "HCV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2732, "end": 2735 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2742, "end": 2745 }, { "text": "Epstein Barr virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4730, "end": 4748 }, { "text": "virus", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 4743, "end": 4748 }, { "text": "relative", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5059, "end": 5067 }, { "text": "mother", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4908, "end": 4914 }, { "text": "primary care physician", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 5141, "end": 5163 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 4863, "end": 4870 } ]
en
19 year old male operated on for neuroblastoma. He presented with an afternoon fever of one month's evolution and weight loss. No other accompanying symptoms and normal physical examination. Laboratory tests showed leucopenia, neutropenia and progressive anaemia, with atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood smear. Mild elevation of transaminases and hypertriglyceridaemia with elevated acute phase reactants and proteinogram with hypergammaglobulinaemia. To rule out mononucleosis, serology for CMV, EBV, HSV1 and 2, parvovirus B19, hepatitis A, B and C, rubella and toxoplasma was negative. Rickettsia, Borrelia, Coxiella, and Brucella, HIV and CLIA were also negative, as well as the blood cultures extracted, mantoux and urine culture performed. Echocardiography within normal limits, without vegetations. Autoimmunity was negative. Suspecting neoplastic aetiology, a thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan was performed, detecting splenomegaly of 16.7cm, with no significant adenopathies. The clinical manifestations persisted and the patient suffered progressive deterioration. Our differential diagnosis was between lymphoproliferative syndrome limited to the spleen, haemophagocytic syndrome or parasitosis. We performed an immune balance with a tendency towards CD4/CD8 inversion and PAMO with discrete erythroid dysplasia probably related to folicopenia, reactive plasmacytosis and without cytological data of haemophagocytosis or infiltration by leishmania. Before performing more invasive tests, we requested a PCR for Leishmania, which was positive, after which treatment with amphotericin B was started, and the fever ceased after 48h and the clinical and analytical parameters normalised.
[ "19", "year", "old", "male", "operated", "on", "for", "neuroblastoma", ".", "He", "presented", "with", "an", "afternoon", "fever", "of", "one", "month", "'", "s", "evolution", "and", "weight", "loss", ".", "No", "other", "accompanying", "symptoms", "and", "normal", "physical", "examination", ".", "Laboratory", "tests", "showed", "leucopenia", ",", "neutropenia", "and", "progressive", "anaemia", ",", "with", "atypical", "lymphocytes", "in", "the", "peripheral", "blood", "smear", ".", "Mild", "elevation", "of", "transaminases", "and", "hypertriglyceridaemia", "with", "elevated", "acute", "phase", "reactants", "and", "proteinogram", "with", "hypergammaglobulinaemia", ".", "To", "rule", "out", "mononucleosis", ",", "serology", "for", "CMV", ",", "EBV", ",", "HSV1", "and", "2", ",", "parvovirus", "B19", ",", "hepatitis", "A", ",", "B", "and", "C", ",", "rubella", "and", "toxoplasma", "was", "negative", ".", "Rickettsia", ",", "Borrelia", ",", "Coxiella", ",", "and", "Brucella", ",", "HIV", "and", "CLIA", "were", "also", "negative", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "blood", "cultures", "extracted", ",", "mantoux", "and", "urine", "culture", "performed", ".", "Echocardiography", "within", "normal", "limits", ",", "without", "vegetations", ".", "Autoimmunity", "was", "negative", ".", "Suspecting", "neoplastic", "aetiology", ",", "a", "thoraco-abdomino-pelvic", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "detecting", "splenomegaly", "of", "16", ".", "7cm", ",", "with", "no", "significant", "adenopathies", ".", "The", "clinical", "manifestations", "persisted", "and", "the", "patient", "suffered", "progressive", "deterioration", ".", "Our", "differential", "diagnosis", "was", "between", "lymphoproliferative", "syndrome", "limited", "to", "the", "spleen", ",", "haemophagocytic", "syndrome", "or", "parasitosis", ".", "We", "performed", "an", "immune", "balance", "with", "a", "tendency", "towards", "CD4", "/", "CD8", "inversion", "and", "PAMO", "with", "discrete", "erythroid", "dysplasia", "probably", "related", "to", "folicopenia", ",", "reactive", "plasmacytosis", "and", "without", "cytological", "data", "of", "haemophagocytosis", "or", "infiltration", "by", "leishmania", ".", "Before", "performing", "more", "invasive", "tests", ",", "we", "requested", "a", "PCR", "for", "Leishmania", ",", "which", "was", "positive", ",", "after", "which", "treatment", "with", "amphotericin", "B", "was", "started", ",", "and", "the", "fever", "ceased", "after", "48h", "and", "the", "clinical", "and", "analytical", "parameters", "normalised", "." ]
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[ { "text": "male", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 12, "end": 16 }, { "text": "Borrelia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 611, "end": 619 }, { "text": "Brucella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 635, "end": 643 }, { "text": "CMV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 502, "end": 505 }, { "text": "Coxiella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 621, "end": 629 }, { "text": "Rickettsia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 599, "end": 609 }, { "text": "EBV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 507, "end": 510 }, { "text": "HSV1", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 512, "end": 516 }, { "text": "HIV", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 645, "end": 648 }, { "text": "toxoplasma", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 574, "end": 584 }, { "text": "parvovirus B19", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 524, "end": 538 }, { "text": "HSV1 and 2", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 512, "end": 522 }, { "text": "hepatitis A", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 540, "end": 551 }, { "text": "hepatitis A, B", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 540, "end": 554 }, { "text": "hepatitis A, B and C", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 540, "end": 560 }, { "text": "rubella", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 562, "end": 569 }, { "text": "leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1456, "end": 1466 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1039, "end": 1046 }, { "text": "Leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1530, "end": 1540 } ]
en
A 71 year old woman with only personal history of pyohydronephrosis in 1985 with the need for external drainage. She came to the emergency department for 2 months of asthenia, weight loss of 10 kg in 6 months and night sweats. On examination, general condition was fair, sweating, tachycardic at 120 bpm, blood pressure normal, O2 sat 94% and temperature 37.8oC, pain on percussion in the right renal fossa, the rest unaltered. In the ED he presented leukocytosis with neutrophilia, normochromic normocytic anaemia (Hb 10.2 mg/dl) and elevated acute phase reactants. Urine compatible with infection (significant leukocyturia with bacteriuria). Chest X-ray showed mediastinal widening with tracheal shift to the left. Blood and urine cultures were taken and empirical antibiotherapy with Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was started. He was admitted to Internal Medicine for urinary tract infection and constitutional syndrome under study, possibly lymphoma with B symptoms. On the ward, clinical and analytical improvement of the infectious data with isolation of Proteus mirabillis in urine culture, sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Clinical ultrasound showed a mass that did not allow the right renal silhouette to be identified. A thoracoabdominal CT scan was requested, showing a calcified endothoracic goitre and in the abdomen there was complete destructuring and replacement of the right kidney by a conglomerate of confluent cystic lesions, with polylobulated arrachymal morphology measuring 11x12x13 cm, also affecting the right ureter; bilateral renal lithiasis, some coraliform; the first possibility was xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare variant of chronic pyelonephritis that is usually due to obstruction by infected lithiasis, the most frequent microorganisms being E. coli and Proteus mirabilis. It usually occurs in middle-aged women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection; symptoms include fever, asthenia, anorexia and weight loss. Laboratory findings include anaemia and elevated ESR, urine with evidence of infection and urine culture positive for enterobacteria. The imaging test of choice is CT scan and the definitive diagnosis is anatomopathological, observing groups of xanthomatous cells and cells with a pseudoglandular pattern that are degenerated renal tubules, it is important to differentiate it from clear cell renal carcinoma. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy together with pre- and post-surgical antibiotherapy.
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[ { "text": "woman", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 14, "end": 19 }, { "text": "personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 30, "end": 38 }, { "text": "bacteriuria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 630, "end": 641 }, { "text": "Proteus mirabillis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1059, "end": 1077 }, { "text": "Proteus mirabilis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1830, "end": 1847 }, { "text": "enterobacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2119, "end": 2133 }, { "text": "microorganisms", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1797, "end": 1811 }, { "text": "women", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1882, "end": 1887 }, { "text": "E. coli", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1818, "end": 1825 } ]
en
A 61-year-old man, resident in the southwest of Madrid, with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with poor metabolic control, dyslipidaemia and asymptomatic ventricular extrasystoles with a normal cardiac study. During routine control of her DM2, pancytopenia was observed. He also had hyporexia, unquantified weight loss and intense asthenia in recent months, as well as fever up to 38oC. He works in construction, lives in the city, but has a plot of land in the countryside with several dogs. On arrival he had a BP 122/67 mmHg, HR 91 bpm, SatO2 97% without O2, 37.8oC. Good general condition. Physical examination without relevant findings. Analytically 2 970 leukocytes (lymphocytes 40%, neutrophils 34%), 8.2 g/dL haemoglobin, and 94 000 platelets. Peripheral blood smear confirmed pancytopenia, no blast cells were observed. Coagulation was normal. Glucose 253 mg/dL, glycosylated haemoglobin 7.4%, ESR 22 mm in the first hour, LDH 443 IU/L, ferritin 1157 ng/mL. The proteinogram shows a polyclonal increase in gamma globulins. Tumour markers were negative (CEA, PSA, alpha-1-fetoprotein, HCG-Beta). The autoimmunity study with ANA and ENA is negative. Chest X-ray and transthoracic echocardiogram were normal, and abdominal ultrasound showed an enlarged spleen (13.7 cm longitudinal axis x 4.7 cm transverse axis). The microbiological study showed positive antibodies for Leishmania in two determinations, positive IGRA, two negative blood cultures and sterile urine culture. A sternal medullary aspirate was performed during admission. Histological findings showed a reactive medulla with no evidence of infiltration by a neoplastic process. Direct examination showed no bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi or parasites; cultures were subsequently negative. With these clinical, analytical and ultrasound data, the first diagnostic possibility was visceral leishmaniasis, so treatment was started with liposomal amphotericin B at a dose of 3 mg/kg up to a total accumulated dose of 21 mg/kg, leaving the patient afebrile, and progressively improving the three cell lines until their complete resolution. Subsequently, the patient received a PCR result for Leishmania in bone marrow, which was positive, confirming the diagnosis.
[ "A", "61-year-old", "man", ",", "resident", "in", "the", "southwest", "of", "Madrid", ",", "with", "a", "history", "of", "type", "2", "diabetes", "mellitus", "(", "DM2", ")", "with", "poor", "metabolic", "control", ",", "dyslipidaemia", "and", "asymptomatic", "ventricular", "extrasystoles", "with", "a", "normal", "cardiac", "study", ".", "During", "routine", "control", "of", "her", "DM2", ",", "pancytopenia", "was", "observed", ".", "He", "also", "had", "hyporexia", ",", "unquantified", "weight", "loss", "and", "intense", "asthenia", "in", "recent", "months", ",", "as", "well", "as", "fever", "up", "to", "38oC", ".", "He", "works", "in", "construction", ",", "lives", "in", "the", "city", ",", "but", "has", "a", "plot", "of", "land", "in", "the", "countryside", "with", "several", "dogs", ".", "On", "arrival", "he", "had", "a", "BP", "122", "/", "67", "mmHg", ",", "HR", "91", "bpm", ",", "SatO2", "97", "%", "without", "O2", ",", "37", ".", "8oC", ".", "Good", "general", "condition", ".", "Physical", "examination", "without", "relevant", "findings", ".", "Analytically", "2", "970", "leukocytes", "(", "lymphocytes", "40", "%", ",", "neutrophils", "34", "%", ")", ",", "8", ".", "2", "g", "/", "dL", "haemoglobin", ",", "and", "94", "000", "platelets", ".", "Peripheral", "blood", "smear", "confirmed", "pancytopenia", ",", "no", "blast", "cells", "were", "observed", ".", "Coagulation", "was", "normal", ".", "Glucose", "253", "mg", "/", "dL", ",", "glycosylated", "haemoglobin", "7", ".", "4", "%", ",", "ESR", "22", "mm", "in", "the", "first", "hour", ",", "LDH", "443", "IU", "/", "L", ",", "ferritin", "1157", "ng", "/", "mL", ".", "The", "proteinogram", "shows", "a", "polyclonal", "increase", "in", "gamma", "globulins", ".", "Tumour", "markers", "were", "negative", "(", "CEA", ",", "PSA", ",", "alpha-1-fetoprotein", ",", "HCG-Beta", ")", ".", "The", "autoimmunity", "study", "with", "ANA", "and", "ENA", "is", "negative", ".", "Chest", "X-ray", "and", "transthoracic", "echocardiogram", "were", "normal", ",", "and", "abdominal", "ultrasound", "showed", "an", "enlarged", "spleen", "(", "13", ".", "7", "cm", "longitudinal", "axis", "x", "4", ".", "7", "cm", "transverse", "axis", ")", ".", "The", "microbiological", "study", "showed", "positive", "antibodies", "for", "Leishmania", "in", "two", "determinations", ",", "positive", "IGRA", ",", "two", "negative", "blood", "cultures", "and", "sterile", "urine", "culture", ".", "A", "sternal", "medullary", "aspirate", "was", "performed", "during", "admission", ".", "Histological", "findings", "showed", "a", "reactive", "medulla", "with", "no", "evidence", "of", "infiltration", "by", "a", "neoplastic", "process", ".", "Direct", "examination", "showed", "no", "bacteria", ",", "mycobacteria", ",", "fungi", "or", "parasites", ";", "cultures", "were", "subsequently", "negative", ".", "With", "these", "clinical", ",", "analytical", "and", "ultrasound", "data", ",", "the", "first", "diagnostic", "possibility", "was", "visceral", "leishmaniasis", ",", "so", "treatment", "was", "started", "with", "liposomal", "amphotericin", "B", "at", "a", "dose", "of", "3", "mg", "/", "kg", "up", "to", "a", "total", "accumulated", "dose", "of", "21", "mg", "/", "kg", ",", "leaving", "the", "patient", "afebrile", ",", "and", "progressively", "improving", "the", "three", "cell", "lines", "until", "their", "complete", "resolution", ".", "Subsequently", ",", "the", "patient", "received", "a", "PCR", "result", "for", "Leishmania", "in", "bone", "marrow", ",", "which", "was", "positive", ",", "confirming", "the", "diagnosis", "." ]
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[ { "text": "dogs", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 498, "end": 502 }, { "text": "Leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1388, "end": 1398 }, { "text": "bacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1688, "end": 1696 }, { "text": "fungi", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1712, "end": 1717 }, { "text": "mycobacteria", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1698, "end": 1710 }, { "text": "parasites", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1721, "end": 1730 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2015, "end": 2022 }, { "text": "Leishmania", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2167, "end": 2177 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 2133, "end": 2140 } ]
en
Anamnesis A 21-day-old female neonate was referred to our clinic by her paediatrician for disseminated annular lesions of 4 days' evolution. The child was brought in by her mother, an immigrant from Senegal, who told us that the lesions had started on the forehead and had spread to the scalp and then to the trunk. The girl had been born in Spain by caesarean section, due to a pelvic-cephalic disproportion. As a complication, the mother developed intrapartum fever and was treated with ampicillin, gentamicin and clindamycin. The mother denied similar lesions in cohabitants, or contact with animals. Physical examination On examination, we observed multiple annular plaques, between one and five centimetres in maximum diameter, all with a well-defined raised erythematous-squamous border, with central clearing and superficial desquamation, located on the face, scalp and trunk. A total of ten lesions were present over the entire body surface. No lesions were observed on physical examination of the cohabitants. Complementary examinations The clinical presentation of annular lesions in the neonatal period poses a broad differential diagnosis including neonatal lupus, seborrhoeic dermatitis, erythema multiforme, histiocytosis, congenital syphilis and dermatophytosis. However, despite the unusual presentation at this age of life, due to the typical morphology of the lesions and the accessibility of the potassium hydroxide test, we decided to rule out dermatophyte infection in the first instance. Direct observation revealed the presence of numerous septate hyphae. Diagnosis Two weeks after sowing, the presence of Microsporum canis was confirmed in culture, confirming the diagnosis of tinea capitis and corporis due to this dermatophyte. Treatment and evolution As for treatment, we initially opted for topical antifungals, which showed partial improvement, but given the persistence of the lesions, we decided to prescribe oral itraconazole (due to a shortage of griseofulvin) with complete resolution of the symptoms in 4 weeks. We also referred the patient to the paediatrics department, where neutropenia was detected (between 400 and 700 neutrophils/ųl), sustained over time, with the presence of positive Ig M and Ig G antineutrophil antibodies, the rest of the study (lymphocyte subpopulations, autoimmunity, immunoglobulins and complement) being normal. This confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune neonatal neutropenia. The patient is currently being followed up by the paediatric haematology service without having presented any serious infection.
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en
A 41-year-old man from Venezuela, immigrant in Spain since 2009 with frequent trips to his native country throughout the year. He consulted for subacute diarrhoea. Personal history - Active smoker with a cumulative consumption of 26 packs/year with no other cardiovascular risk factors. Denies other toxic habits. - Homosexual relations. - Herpes zoster on right buttock (May 2005). - Secondary lues (February 2009) correctly treated with Penicillin G Benzathine. - HIV (January 2014). Diagnosed after consultation for oral mucosal candidiasis. History of HIV infection: - Negative HIV test in 2004 in his native country. - Risky sexual intercourse in 2005. - Married in 2009 to a man from Malaga. HIV negative. Always protected sexual relations. - No contact with cases of tuberculosis. Vaccinated against tuberculosis in childhood. - No previous surgeries, transfusions, tattoos or piercings. - STEACS (February 2014) type Killip-I acute anterior myocardial infarction due to thrombotic occlusion of the proximal anterior descending artery. Treated by implantation of a drug-eluting stent. Admitted to the Cardiology Department from 22/02/14 to 27/02/14. Under chronic home treatment with Atorvastatin 80 mg (0-0-1), Acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg (1-0-0), Clopidogrel 75 mg (0-1-0), Omeprazole 20 mg (1-0-0), Metoprolol 100 mg (0.5-0-0.5), Enalapril 5 mg (0.5-0-0) and Ivabradine 5 mg (1-0-1). Present illness: patient seen at the beginning of March at the Infectious Diseases Department for diarrhoea of approximately 20 days' duration. In the anamnesis he only reported yellowish semi-solid stools with no associated pathological products and a stool frequency of between two and three stools per day that respected sleep. Physical examination: height 178 cm. Weight 63 kg. BMI 19.9 kg/m2. Blood pressure 90/60 mmHg. Heart rate 80 bpm. FiO2 saturation 0.21: 99%. FR 16 rpm. Axillary temperature 35.4oC. Neurological examination: Glasgow 15. Orientation in the three spheres. Cranial nerves preserved. Sensibility and motor balance without alterations in the four extremities. General examination: normohydrated and normal colour. Candidiasis in oral mucosa. No zoster lesions or lesions compatible with Kaposi's sarcoma. No adenopathies. No jugular ingurgitation. Cardiac auscultation: rhythmic without murmurs. Pulmonary auscultation: preserved vesicular murmur. Abdomen: normal hydro-aerial sounds in tone and frequency, soft, depressible, not painful on superficial or deep palpation, no masses or organomegaly. EE.II: no oedema or signs of DVT, pulses preserved. Complementary examinations Blood tests: CBC: lymphocytes 1200/μL, eosinophils 200/μL. The rest was normal. Biochemistry: GFR (CKD-EPI) 106 ml/min. Albumin 3.2 mg/dl, total protein 8.4 mg/dl. ALT 74 IU/l, AST 77 IU/l, GGT 111 IU/l, BT 0.73 mg/dl. LDH 577 IU/l. T. cholesterol 75 mg/dl, TG 62 mg/dl. Calcium 9.3 mg/dl, phosphorus 3.9 mg/dl, 25-OH-vit D3 14.2 ng/mL, PTH 47.2 pg/mL. TSH normal. HIV test: subtype B. HIV viral load (VL) 4.99 log. Total CD4+ cell count 143/mm3 (12%). Stage B3. HLA-B5701 negative. Baseline resistance study: no mutations. PPD: induration 0 mm. Stool cultures: - GDH Clostridium difficile EIA: NEGATIVE. - Parasites, Giardia antigen, Cryptosporidium antigen, Kinyoun and Strongyloides culture: NEGATIVE. Serology: - HAV: IgG POSITIVE and IgM NEGATIVE. - HBV: AgS NEGATIVE, Ac antiC POSITIVE, Ac antiS POSITIVE. - HCV: serology NEGATIVE. PCR: undetectable viraemia. - CMV: IgG POSITIVE. IgM NEGATIVE. - EBV: IgG POSITIVE - SLE: RPR POSITIVE (titre 1), HA POSITIVE, IgG and IgM POSITIVE. - Toxoplasma: IgG and IgM NEGATIVE. - Brucella, Yersinia, Coxiella, Borrelia, Legionella: NEGATIVE. - Salmonella: agglutination H (80), O (40). Blood cultures NEGATIVE. - Cryptococcal antigen: NEGATIVE. - Trypanosoma cruzi IgG (ELISA) NEGATIVE. - Strongyloides IgG (ELISA) POSITIVE (4.06). - Chest X-ray: no evidence of acute or chronic pleural or parenchymal pathology. In view of the results obtained, antiretroviral treatment (ART) was started with Emtricitabine/Tenofovir (200mg/245mg; 1-0-0) associated with Raltegravir (400mg; 1-0-1). In addition, prophylactic Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim (800/160mg) one tablet three days a week and Fluconazole (100mg; 1-0-0) for one week. In addition, upon evidence of positive serology for syphilis, Penicillin G Benzathine 2.4 MU IM is prescribed once a week for a total of three doses. At that time, the Tropical Medicine Unit was consulted and recommended treatment with Ivermectin, which the patient refused due to his polymedication. In April, one month after starting ART, the patient consulted for a pruritic rash of 48 hours' duration, predominantly on the trunk. A blood test was performed in which all haemogram and biochemistry parameters were within normal ranges. CV of 1.7 Log and total CD4 count of 220/mm3 (10%). Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim prophylaxis was discontinued and antihistamines were prescribed. On the same day, the patient attended a Cardiology check-up and Ivabradine was withdrawn. After two weeks of symptomatic treatment, the skin lesions disappeared after two weeks. In May, the patient consulted again due to the sudden appearance of papular, erythematous and pruritic lesions, with a tendency to coalesce, which disappeared with acupressure and affected the groin, buttocks, dorsal region and upper and lower limbs. The palms of the hands and soles of the feet are spared and he refuses to take any new drugs, food or risky substances. He is not in contact with domestic animals. He was treated with methylprednisolone 40 mg IM in a single dose and hydroxyzine, with complete disappearance of the lesions within 24 hours. Urgent laboratory tests showed eosinophils of 160/μL and persistent elevation of transaminases (ALT 76 IU/l, AST 59 IU/l). The urine test was normal and a repeat chest X-ray showed multiple pulmonary pseudonodules that were not visible in the previous examination. In view of the radiographic findings, a chest CT scan was performed, confirming the presence of bilateral pulmonary nodules suggestive of an inflammatory vs. infectious nature. At this time the patient was asymptomatic from the respiratory and gastrointestinal point of view. It was decided to maintain the same ART, start Ivermectin and continue the study by requesting the following tests. Sputum study: - Ziehl-auramine stain: absence of BAAR. - Culture of mycobacteria and regional fungi: Negative. Serology for Aspergillus, cryptococcal antigen, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, and Blastomyces: Negative. Long incubation blood cultures: Negative. New PPD and PCR tuberculosis: Negative. Strongyloides IgG serology (ELISA): Positive. Control chest X-ray at 10 days: bilateral pseudonodular opacities that have decreased both in number and size and are less distinct compared to the previous study. Evolution This is a patient with late HIV infection, naïve and presenting with subacute diarrhoea with subsequent onset of skin rash. HIV infection: he had a viral load of 5 log and a CD4+ cell count of around 10%. It was therefore decided to start the aforementioned ART in accordance with the indications of the GeSIDA consensus document and taking into account the rest of the patient's medication, so that it is a regimen without drug interactions. The viral load after one month of treatment is practically undetectable. Subacute diarrhoea: during follow-up in the clinic, he reported a slight temporary improvement in stool consistency. Among the possible causes of diarrhoea in HIV patients, diarrhoea caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and neoplasms must be ruled out. For this reason, a thorough serological and stool examination is performed, ruling out infection by the main pathogens. In the case presented here, it was not possible to perform an endoscopic study due to the patient's explicit refusal. Skin rash: the most important thing in the aetiological diagnosis of the rash is to rule out whether it is an opportunistic infectious process or a pharmacological reaction. Opportunistic infection is ruled out after the results of the complementary study. Likewise, it does not seem likely that it is a secondary process to the taking of drugs, as the anamnesis does not show any temporal sequence between the introduction or withdrawal of the drugs. Furthermore, a study of possible drug interactions was carried out and these were also rejected as a possible aetiology. Finally, it could be a skin condition in the context of the immune reconstitution process, although it is true that the rash associated with this process does not usually present urticariform characteristics. Pulmonary nodules: in the presence of such nodules, it is essential to rule out tumour pathology. The patient described here does not present constitutional symptoms or B symptoms. There are no skin lesions or adenopathies. Furthermore, the pulmonary images are in remission, so it seems logical to consider an infectious or inflammatory aetiology. Infectious causes include fungal, parasitic and mycobacterial causes. All of them have negative results in the complementary study. Thus, the presence of these involutional pseudonodules could be justified by the proinflammatory cascade that occurs in HIV patients when starting ART. However, it is noteworthy that the complementary study showed positive IgG against Strongyloides. Strongyloidiasis is endemic in countries with tropical or subtropical climates, acute infection is generally asymptomatic and has a tendency to become chronic. In HIV patients there is a risk of extraintestinal dissemination leading to hyperinfestation syndrome, especially when the CD4+ T-cell count is less than 200 cells/mm3. Disseminated forms often present without eosinophilia (a sign of severity and poor prognosis) and when symptoms are present, they are usually sporadic and of long duration. The most common symptoms include diarrhoea and malabsorption, cough and pruritus. The intensity of these symptoms is proportional to the number of parasites. The most commonly used method to confirm the diagnosis is the identification of larvae in faeces, sputum and tissues, although sometimes the helminth is not visualised. Therefore, multiple serial studies on agar cultures or separation of larvae by Baermann's method are required, the more often and consecutively the tests are repeated, the higher the cost-effectiveness of both tests. Increased IgG specific antibodies are found in cases of strongyloidiasis with or without immunosuppression, lack protective capacity for dissemination and are not indicators of severity. However, their identification is useful for diagnosis and their sensitivity can be as high as 97%. The patient does not currently present with clinical signs or abnormalities in the complementary tests compatible with a Strongyloides hyperinfestation syndrome. However, due to his epidemiological and medical history, and in view of the clinical and serological findings compatible with strongyloidiasis, it was decided to start treatment for the infection with Ivermectin, and improvement was observed. Clinical judgement - Late infection by HIV type 1 subtype B stage B3: - Diarrhoea subacute and cutaneousrash in relation to Strongyloides infection. - Pulmonary nodules in the context of immune reconstitution syndrome. - Oral candidiasis. Secondary syphilis. Herpes zoster. - Mild hepatitis. Past HBV hepatitis. - STEMI Killip-I type acute myocardial infarction due to thrombotic occlusion of the anterior descending artery treated by drug-eluting stent implantation.
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"FiO2", "saturation", "0", ".", "21", ":", "99", "%", ".", "FR", "16", "rpm", ".", "Axillary", "temperature", "35", ".", "4oC", ".", "Neurological", "examination", ":", "Glasgow", "15", ".", "Orientation", "in", "the", "three", "spheres", ".", "Cranial", "nerves", "preserved", ".", "Sensibility", "and", "motor", "balance", "without", "alterations", "in", "the", "four", "extremities", ".", "General", "examination", ":", "normohydrated", "and", "normal", "colour", ".", "Candidiasis", "in", "oral", "mucosa", ".", "No", "zoster", "lesions", "or", "lesions", "compatible", "with", "Kaposi", "'", "s", "sarcoma", ".", "No", "adenopathies", ".", "No", "jugular", "ingurgitation", ".", "Cardiac", "auscultation", ":", "rhythmic", "without", "murmurs", ".", "Pulmonary", "auscultation", ":", "preserved", "vesicular", "murmur", ".", "Abdomen", ":", "normal", "hydro-aerial", "sounds", "in", "tone", "and", "frequency", ",", "soft", ",", "depressible", ",", "not", "painful", "on", "superficial", "or", "deep", "palpation", ",", "no", "masses", "or", "organomegaly", ".", "EE", ".", "II", ":", "no", "oedema", "or", "signs", "of", "DVT", ",", "pulses", "preserved", ".", "Complementary", "examinations", "Blood", "tests", ":", "CBC", ":", "lymphocytes", "1200", "/", "μL", ",", "eosinophils", "200", "/", "μL", ".", "The", "rest", "was", "normal", ".", "Biochemistry", ":", "GFR", "(", "CKD-EPI", ")", "106", "ml", "/", "min", ".", "Albumin", "3", ".", "2", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "total", "protein", "8", ".", "4", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "ALT", "74", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "AST", "77", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "GGT", "111", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "BT", "0", ".", "73", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "LDH", "577", "IU", "/", "l", ".", "T", ".", "cholesterol", "75", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "TG", "62", "mg", "/", "dl", ".", "Calcium", "9", ".", "3", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "phosphorus", "3", ".", "9", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "25-OH-vit", "D3", "14", ".", "2", "ng", "/", "mL", ",", "PTH", "47", ".", "2", "pg", "/", "mL", ".", "TSH", "normal", ".", "HIV", "test", ":", "subtype", "B", ".", "HIV", "viral", "load", "(", "VL", ")", "4", ".", "99", "log", ".", "Total", "CD4", "+", "cell", "count", "143", "/", "mm3", "(", "12", "%", ")", ".", "Stage", "B3", ".", "HLA-B5701", "negative", ".", "Baseline", "resistance", "study", ":", "no", "mutations", ".", "PPD", ":", "induration", "0", "mm", ".", "Stool", "cultures", ":", "-", "GDH", "Clostridium", "difficile", "EIA", ":", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "Parasites", ",", "Giardia", "antigen", ",", "Cryptosporidium", "antigen", ",", "Kinyoun", "and", "Strongyloides", "culture", ":", "NEGATIVE", ".", "Serology", ":", "-", "HAV", ":", "IgG", "POSITIVE", "and", "IgM", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "HBV", ":", "AgS", "NEGATIVE", ",", "Ac", "antiC", "POSITIVE", ",", "Ac", "antiS", "POSITIVE", ".", "-", "HCV", ":", "serology", "NEGATIVE", ".", "PCR", ":", "undetectable", "viraemia", ".", "-", "CMV", ":", "IgG", "POSITIVE", ".", "IgM", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "EBV", ":", "IgG", "POSITIVE", "-", "SLE", ":", "RPR", "POSITIVE", "(", "titre", "1", ")", ",", "HA", "POSITIVE", ",", "IgG", "and", "IgM", "POSITIVE", ".", "-", "Toxoplasma", ":", "IgG", "and", "IgM", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "Brucella", ",", "Yersinia", ",", "Coxiella", ",", "Borrelia", ",", "Legionella", ":", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "Salmonella", ":", "agglutination", "H", "(", "80", ")", ",", "O", "(", "40", ")", ".", "Blood", "cultures", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "Cryptococcal", "antigen", ":", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "Trypanosoma", "cruzi", "IgG", "(", "ELISA", ")", "NEGATIVE", ".", "-", "Strongyloides", "IgG", "(", "ELISA", ")", "POSITIVE", "(", "4", ".", "06", ")", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "no", "evidence", "of", "acute", "or", "chronic", "pleural", "or", "parenchymal", "pathology", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "results", "obtained", ",", "antiretroviral", "treatment", "(", "ART", ")", "was", "started", "with", "Emtricitabine", "/", "Tenofovir", "(", "200mg", "/", "245mg", ";", "1-0-0", ")", "associated", "with", "Raltegravir", "(", "400mg", ";", "1-0-1", ")", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "prophylactic", "Sulfamethoxazole", "/", "Trimethoprim", "(", "800", "/", "160mg", ")", "one", "tablet", "three", "days", "a", "week", "and", "Fluconazole", "(", "100mg", ";", "1-0-0", ")", "for", "one", "week", ".", "In", "addition", ",", "upon", "evidence", "of", "positive", "serology", "for", "syphilis", ",", "Penicillin", "G", "Benzathine", "2", ".", "4", "MU", "IM", "is", "prescribed", "once", "a", "week", "for", "a", "total", "of", "three", "doses", ".", "At", "that", "time", ",", "the", "Tropical", "Medicine", "Unit", "was", "consulted", "and", "recommended", "treatment", "with", "Ivermectin", ",", "which", "the", "patient", "refused", "due", "to", "his", "polymedication", ".", "In", "April", ",", "one", "month", "after", "starting", "ART", ",", "the", "patient", "consulted", "for", "a", "pruritic", "rash", "of", "48", "hours", "'", "duration", ",", "predominantly", "on", "the", "trunk", ".", "A", "blood", "test", "was", "performed", "in", "which", "all", "haemogram", "and", "biochemistry", "parameters", "were", "within", "normal", "ranges", ".", "CV", "of", "1", ".", "7", "Log", "and", "total", "CD4", "count", "of", "220", "/", "mm3", "(", "10", "%", ")", ".", "Sulfamethoxazole", "/", "Trimethoprim", "prophylaxis", "was", "discontinued", "and", "antihistamines", "were", "prescribed", ".", "On", "the", "same", "day", ",", "the", "patient", "attended", "a", "Cardiology", "check-up", "and", "Ivabradine", "was", "withdrawn", ".", "After", "two", "weeks", "of", "symptomatic", "treatment", ",", "the", "skin", "lesions", "disappeared", "after", "two", "weeks", ".", "In", "May", ",", "the", "patient", "consulted", "again", "due", "to", "the", "sudden", "appearance", "of", "papular", ",", "erythematous", "and", "pruritic", "lesions", ",", "with", "a", "tendency", "to", "coalesce", ",", "which", "disappeared", "with", "acupressure", "and", "affected", "the", "groin", ",", "buttocks", ",", "dorsal", "region", "and", "upper", "and", "lower", "limbs", ".", "The", "palms", "of", "the", "hands", "and", "soles", "of", "the", "feet", "are", "spared", "and", "he", "refuses", "to", "take", "any", "new", "drugs", ",", "food", "or", "risky", "substances", ".", "He", "is", "not", "in", "contact", "with", "domestic", "animals", ".", "He", "was", "treated", "with", "methylprednisolone", "40", "mg", "IM", "in", "a", "single", "dose", "and", "hydroxyzine", ",", "with", "complete", "disappearance", "of", "the", "lesions", "within", "24", "hours", ".", "Urgent", "laboratory", "tests", "showed", "eosinophils", "of", "160", "/", "μL", "and", "persistent", "elevation", "of", "transaminases", "(", "ALT", "76", "IU", "/", "l", ",", "AST", "59", "IU", "/", "l", ")", ".", "The", "urine", "test", "was", "normal", "and", "a", "repeat", "chest", "X-ray", "showed", "multiple", "pulmonary", "pseudonodules", "that", "were", "not", "visible", "in", "the", "previous", "examination", ".", "In", "view", "of", "the", "radiographic", "findings", ",", "a", "chest", "CT", "scan", "was", "performed", ",", "confirming", "the", "presence", "of", "bilateral", "pulmonary", "nodules", "suggestive", "of", "an", "inflammatory", "vs", ".", "infectious", "nature", ".", "At", "this", "time", "the", "patient", "was", "asymptomatic", "from", "the", "respiratory", "and", "gastrointestinal", "point", "of", "view", ".", "It", "was", "decided", "to", "maintain", "the", "same", "ART", ",", "start", "Ivermectin", "and", "continue", "the", "study", "by", "requesting", "the", "following", "tests", ".", "Sputum", "study", ":", "-", "Ziehl-auramine", "stain", ":", "absence", "of", "BAAR", ".", "-", "Culture", "of", "mycobacteria", "and", "regional", "fungi", ":", "Negative", ".", "Serology", "for", "Aspergillus", ",", "cryptococcal", "antigen", ",", "Histoplasma", ",", "Coccidioides", ",", "Paracoccidioides", ",", "and", "Blastomyces", ":", "Negative", ".", "Long", "incubation", "blood", "cultures", ":", "Negative", ".", "New", "PPD", "and", "PCR", "tuberculosis", ":", "Negative", ".", "Strongyloides", "IgG", "serology", "(", "ELISA", ")", ":", "Positive", ".", "Control", "chest", "X-ray", "at", "10", "days", ":", "bilateral", "pseudonodular", "opacities", "that", "have", "decreased", "both", "in", "number", "and", "size", "and", "are", "less", "distinct", "compared", "to", "the", "previous", "study", ".", "Evolution", "This", "is", "a", "patient", "with", "late", "HIV", "infection", ",", "naïve", "and", "presenting", "with", "subacute", "diarrhoea", "with", "subsequent", "onset", "of", "skin", "rash", ".", "HIV", "infection", ":", "he", "had", "a", "viral", "load", "of", "5", "log", "and", "a", "CD4", "+", "cell", "count", "of", "around", "10", "%", ".", "It", "was", "therefore", "decided", "to", "start", "the", "aforementioned", "ART", "in", "accordance", "with", "the", "indications", "of", "the", "GeSIDA", "consensus", "document", "and", "taking", "into", "account", "the", "rest", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "medication", ",", "so", "that", "it", "is", "a", "regimen", "without", "drug", "interactions", ".", "The", "viral", "load", "after", "one", "month", "of", "treatment", "is", "practically", "undetectable", ".", "Subacute", "diarrhoea", ":", "during", "follow-up", "in", "the", "clinic", ",", "he", "reported", "a", "slight", "temporary", "improvement", "in", "stool", "consistency", ".", "Among", "the", "possible", "causes", "of", "diarrhoea", "in", "HIV", "patients", ",", "diarrhoea", "caused", "by", "bacteria", ",", "parasites", ",", "viruses", "and", "neoplasms", "must", "be", "ruled", "out", ".", "For", "this", "reason", ",", "a", "thorough", "serological", "and", "stool", "examination", "is", "performed", ",", "ruling", "out", "infection", "by", "the", "main", "pathogens", ".", "In", "the", "case", "presented", "here", ",", "it", "was", "not", "possible", "to", "perform", "an", "endoscopic", "study", "due", "to", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "explicit", "refusal", ".", "Skin", "rash", ":", "the", "most", "important", "thing", "in", "the", "aetiological", "diagnosis", "of", "the", "rash", "is", "to", "rule", "out", "whether", "it", "is", "an", "opportunistic", "infectious", "process", "or", "a", "pharmacological", "reaction", ".", "Opportunistic", "infection", "is", "ruled", "out", "after", "the", "results", "of", "the", "complementary", "study", ".", "Likewise", ",", "it", "does", "not", "seem", "likely", "that", "it", "is", "a", "secondary", "process", "to", "the", "taking", "of", "drugs", ",", "as", "the", "anamnesis", "does", "not", "show", "any", "temporal", "sequence", "between", "the", "introduction", "or", "withdrawal", "of", "the", "drugs", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "a", "study", "of", "possible", "drug", "interactions", "was", "carried", "out", "and", "these", "were", "also", "rejected", "as", "a", "possible", "aetiology", ".", "Finally", ",", "it", "could", "be", "a", "skin", "condition", "in", "the", "context", "of", "the", "immune", "reconstitution", "process", ",", "although", "it", "is", "true", "that", "the", "rash", "associated", "with", "this", "process", "does", "not", "usually", "present", "urticariform", "characteristics", ".", "Pulmonary", "nodules", ":", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "such", "nodules", ",", "it", "is", "essential", "to", "rule", "out", "tumour", "pathology", ".", "The", "patient", "described", "here", "does", "not", "present", "constitutional", "symptoms", "or", "B", "symptoms", ".", "There", "are", "no", "skin", "lesions", "or", "adenopathies", ".", "Furthermore", ",", "the", "pulmonary", "images", "are", "in", "remission", ",", "so", "it", "seems", "logical", "to", "consider", "an", "infectious", "or", "inflammatory", "aetiology", ".", "Infectious", "causes", "include", "fungal", ",", "parasitic", "and", "mycobacterial", "causes", ".", "All", "of", "them", "have", "negative", "results", "in", "the", "complementary", "study", ".", "Thus", ",", "the", "presence", "of", "these", "involutional", "pseudonodules", "could", "be", "justified", "by", "the", "proinflammatory", "cascade", "that", "occurs", "in", "HIV", "patients", "when", "starting", "ART", ".", "However", ",", "it", "is", "noteworthy", "that", "the", "complementary", "study", "showed", "positive", "IgG", "against", "Strongyloides", ".", "Strongyloidiasis", "is", "endemic", "in", "countries", "with", "tropical", "or", "subtropical", "climates", ",", "acute", "infection", "is", "generally", "asymptomatic", "and", "has", "a", "tendency", "to", "become", "chronic", ".", "In", "HIV", "patients", "there", "is", "a", "risk", "of", "extraintestinal", "dissemination", "leading", "to", "hyperinfestation", "syndrome", ",", "especially", "when", "the", "CD4", "+", "T-cell", "count", "is", "less", "than", "200", "cells", "/", "mm3", ".", "Disseminated", "forms", "often", "present", "without", "eosinophilia", "(", "a", "sign", "of", "severity", "and", "poor", "prognosis", ")", "and", "when", "symptoms", "are", "present", ",", "they", "are", "usually", "sporadic", "and", "of", "long", "duration", ".", "The", "most", "common", "symptoms", "include", "diarrhoea", "and", "malabsorption", ",", "cough", "and", "pruritus", ".", "The", "intensity", "of", "these", "symptoms", "is", "proportional", "to", "the", "number", "of", "parasites", ".", "The", "most", "commonly", "used", "method", "to", "confirm", "the", "diagnosis", "is", "the", "identification", "of", "larvae", "in", "faeces", ",", "sputum", "and", "tissues", ",", "although", "sometimes", "the", "helminth", "is", "not", "visualised", ".", "Therefore", ",", "multiple", "serial", "studies", "on", "agar", "cultures", "or", "separation", "of", "larvae", "by", "Baermann", "'", "s", "method", "are", "required", ",", "the", "more", "often", "and", "consecutively", "the", "tests", "are", "repeated", ",", "the", "higher", "the", "cost-effectiveness", "of", "both", "tests", ".", "Increased", "IgG", "specific", "antibodies", "are", "found", "in", "cases", "of", "strongyloidiasis", "with", "or", "without", "immunosuppression", ",", "lack", "protective", "capacity", "for", "dissemination", "and", "are", "not", "indicators", "of", "severity", ".", "However", ",", "their", "identification", "is", "useful", "for", "diagnosis", "and", "their", "sensitivity", "can", "be", "as", "high", "as", "97", "%", ".", "The", "patient", "does", "not", "currently", "present", "with", "clinical", "signs", "or", "abnormalities", "in", "the", "complementary", "tests", "compatible", "with", "a", "Strongyloides", "hyperinfestation", "syndrome", ".", "However", ",", "due", "to", "his", "epidemiological", "and", "medical", "history", ",", "and", "in", "view", "of", "the", "clinical", "and", "serological", "findings", "compatible", "with", "strongyloidiasis", ",", "it", "was", "decided", "to", "start", "treatment", "for", "the", "infection", "with", "Ivermectin", ",", "and", "improvement", "was", "observed", ".", "Clinical", "judgement", "-", "Late", "infection", "by", "HIV", "type", "1", "subtype", "B", "stage", "B3", ":", "-", "Diarrhoea", "subacute", "and", "cutaneousrash", "in", "relation", "to", "Strongyloides", "infection", ".", "-", "Pulmonary", "nodules", "in", "the", "context", "of", "immune", "reconstitution", "syndrome", ".", "-", "Oral", "candidiasis", ".", "Secondary", "syphilis", ".", "Herpes", "zoster", ".", "-", "Mild", "hepatitis", ".", "Past", "HBV", "hepatitis", ".", "-", "STEMI", "Killip-I", "type", "acute", "myocardial", "infarction", "due", "to", "thrombotic", "occlusion", "of", "the", "anterior", "descending", "artery", "treated", "by", "drug-eluting", "stent", "implantation", "." ]
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A 60-year-old man diagnosed in another hospital in 2000 with extracapillary glomerulonephritis type III associated with C-ANCA. He was treated with 5 intravenous boluses of 6-methylprednisolone followed by oral corticosteroids in a descending pattern associated with oral cyclophosphamide (we have not been able to obtain the exact dosage). Cyclophosphamide was discontinued at the time due to myelotoxicity. In 2002 he was included in a periodic haemodialysis programme. In September 2006, in another transplant centre, he received a cadaveric kidney graft. The patient was receiving tacrolinus monotherapy, although we cannot be sure whether he had previously received any other combination of immunosuppressants. His serum creatinine levels ranged between 1.5 and 1.7 mg/dl. In December 2013, on the occasion of the implantation of a percutaneous aortic valve in our hospital, a pre- and post-intervention assessment was performed in our department. At that time, his clinical condition was good, with serum creatinine of 1.5 mg/dl and proteinuria of 0.3 g/day, with normal urinary sediment. In October 2014, due to the appearance of respiratory symptoms with fever and deterioration of renal function, the patient decided to transfer to our hospital for clinical monitoring. The fever and respiratory symptoms, without microbiological or radiological evidence, improved with empirical treatment with levofloxacin. However, renal function worsened in a few days, reaching serum creatinine levels of 4 mg/dl, with proteinuria of 6.8 g/day and haematuria. C-ANCA determination was 74.2 IU/ml (normal values: 0-5 IU/ml) and P-ANCA 8.4 IU/ml (normal values: 0-6 IU/ml). All other autoimmunity parameters (ANA, anti-GBM antibodies, complement, cryoglobulins, etc.) were negative. HIV, HCV, HBV serology and CMV and BK viraemia were also negative. A biopsy of the renal graft was performed in which the most relevant findings were: of the 19 assessable glomeruli, 3 showed global glomerular sclerosis, 12 glomeruli showed cellular crescents. Some of them showed disruption of Bowman's capsule causing pseudogranulomatous inflammatory reaction of mononuclear cells. In 2 glomeruli there were lesions compatible with fibrinoid necrosis. We found tubular necrosis in 15%, tubular atrophy in 20% and some haematic casts, as well as interstitial infiltrate in 25% with some eosinophils and foci of recent interstitial haemorrhage and arteriolar hyalinosis, with some images of mucoid degeneration of the wall without transmural infiltrate. The immunofluorescence study was negative. The immunohistochemical study for C4d was negative. Given the evidence of a recurrence of the underlying disease, the patient received 3 intravenous boluses of 500 mg of 6-methylprednisolone (the patient was diabetic) on consecutive days, followed by oral prednisone at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day in a descending pattern. He also underwent 8 sessions of plasmapheresis and was started on treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (1 g/12 h, oral) associated with tacrolimus. Twelve days after admission, the patient was discharged with a serum creatinine of 2.9 mg/dl. At an outpatient follow-up one month later, creatinine was 2.3 mg/dl and proteinuria was 3.6 g/day.
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en
33-year-old woman. No known medical history. She consulted for pruritus of the foot associated with erythematous-edematous lesions. No fever, odynophagia or respiratory symptoms. After 72 hours the patient developed an erythematous-violaceous plaque similar to perniosis. Laboratory results: normal haemogram without lymphopenia, negative FAN, negative lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipins. Serology for SARS-CoV-2: IgM positive and IgG negative. PCR was not performed as she did not meet the epidemiological criteria for COVID-19. She is currently in home isolation. This type of skin manifestations of COVID-19, known as "Covid Toe", are often late. Clinically, they resemble chilblains that occur on the extremities as an inflammatory response to low temperatures. The differential diagnosis in this young patient with vasculitis phenomena is lupus pernio or antiphospholipid syndrome.
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en
An 82-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with fever and general malaise of 5 days' duration. The patient took oral azithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate with no improvement. She was an ex-smoker, with a history of hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On admission she showed severe respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 55 mmHg, respiratory rate 26 r.p.m.) and required high-flow oxygen therapy. A lung ultrasound showed diffuse B-lines with pleural thickening and small subpleural consolidations. A chest CT scan and nasopharyngeal swab confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Antibiotics were withdrawn and treatment was started with darunavir/cobicistat, hydroxychloroquine and LMWH at a preventive dose. On day 12 after admission, the patient reported pain in her right leg and a feeling of warmth. She reported no chest pain or dyspnoea (PaO2/FiO2 > 300 mmHg with nasal goggles). Physical examination revealed right leg oedema and signs of dehydration. A compression ultrasound of the proximal portion of the right femoral vein indicated venous thrombosis. A lung ultrasound showed several bibasal consolidations. Echocardiography revealed normal ventricular function with no indirect signs of pulmonary embolism. The inferior vena cava was totally collapsed, indicating hypovolaemia. An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed sinus tachycardia. Blood tests showed high values for D-dimer (24,131 mg/dl), fibrinogen (674 mg/dl), serum ferritin (765 ng/ml) and troponin I (57 ng/ml). As creatinine clearance was ≤ 30 ml/min, i.v. unfractionated heparin was started with close monitoring of partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The patient underwent a chest CT scan which showed diffuse bilateral consolidations and cobblestone pattern (CT visual index 70%). Based on these findings, we introduced systemic corticosteroids. The patient progressively improved with complete resolution of acute renal failure after infusion of crystalloid solution; she only needed low-flow oxygen therapy. After 3 days, the heparin infusion was changed to a standard dose of LMWH (enoxaparin).
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en
A 42-year-old man presented with pain in the right hypochondrium. Smoker, drinker, history of myocarditis with normal coronary angiography and echocardiogram. Positive for markers of chronic hepatitis B virus (precore mutant). He presented with 24-hour symptoms of pain in the right hypochondrium, febrile fever and increased abdominal circumference together with malleolar oedema. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, prothrombin time of 49% and bilirubin 2.59mg/dl. Abdominal ultrasound showed an ill-defined area in the right hepatic lobe, splenomegaly and abundant ascitic fluid. He was taken to the ward where he had an unfavourable evolution, with arterial hypotension, tachypnoea, tachycardia, jaundice and signs of an ascitic surge. Paracentesis was performed with cloudy peritoneal fluid, with 340 leukocytes with 80% mononuclear, 1100 red blood cells and protein of 3.7. Admitted to ICU. The deterioration was progressive, he was obnubilated, hypothermic, with sustained hypotension and tachycardic. He presented severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.9, EB -26), leukocytosis up to 56000, haemoglobin 17g/l, INR up to 7.15, bilirubin up to 2.86mg/dl with transaminases of 7110 and creatinine 4.5. Abdominal CT showed left basal condensation, hepatic steatosis with permeable portal vein, splenomegaly and ascites. Normal echocardiography, negative coombs test, smear with PMN leukocytosis, lactate 27, blood cultures, rose bengal and negative serology. He was maintained on ventilatory and cardiovascular support, antibiotic therapy with cefotaxime and metronidazole and haemodiafiltration. Finally, he died of fulminant hepatic failure in a situation of multi-organ failure.
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en
Male patient, 17 years old, referred to the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the University of Talca, for presenting a lesion at the level of the right mandibular angle, revealed in a control cervical lateral teleradiography, following a car accident. The patient reported no personal or family history. History of smoking, alcohol and drugs were negative, as were any medication intake or drug allergies. The general physical examination was not compromised. No aesthetic or functional alterations were observed on extraoral clinical examination. Intraoral palpation revealed a slight increase in volume in the posterior area of the mandibular vestibule. In the conventional radiological study an extensive unilocular image of mixed density was observed, with radiopaque predominance, surrounded by a radiolucent band with net corticalised limits located in the area of tooth 48, partially overprojected in the roots of tooth 47 with bulging of the bony slabs and with rejection of tooth 48 towards the distal and cephalic region. The mandibular canal was displaced towards the basilar edge in the segment corresponding to the mandibular body and rejected distally in the ascending branch. The study was complemented with a computed axial tomography scan showing a hyperdense lesion, with clear and corticalised limits, with widening of the bony tables. Its dimensions were: antero-posterior 25.9 mm, vestibulo-palatine 21 mm and 28.3 mm in greatest cephalo-caudal diameter. The acquisition of the images was processed with Dentascan® software, obtaining axial, panorex and transversal reconstructions of the area of interest, which confirmed the proximity to the mandibular canal, as well as the involvement of both tables. The differential diagnosis for this case was immature complex odontoma, ameloblastic fibroodontoma, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour and calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst. After the radiological study, an incisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia, which included both soft and hard tissues, showing calcified dentine-type tissue, with areas of minor calcification and lax fibrous connective tissue that resembled the stellate reticulum of the dental organ. The periphery showed fibrous connective tissue and some small areas showing epithelium of odontogenic origin with the presence of peripheral cylindrical cells of the ameloblast type. The sample was irregular and showed no denticle structure. Accordingly, the histological diagnosis was a lesion compatible with an odontoma in formation with the presence of ameloblastic changes. Enucleation of the lesion was performed under general anaesthesia, by means of an extraoral approach at the level of the right mandibular angle to facilitate modelling and subsequent placement of a rigid osteosynthesis. In this way the affected area was accessed, finding a very diminished vestibular table, which was removed to make way for the exposure and complete elimination of the lesion, concluding with a curettage of the surgical bed. The remnant of healthy bone tissue was very poor, so the placement of a 2.4 reconstruction plate at the level of the mandibular angle and body was planned to provide greater strength and prevent a pathological fracture. Immediate grafting was not planned due to the possibility of recurrence. Histopathological examination of the operative specimen revealed a greater amount of ameloblastic tissue and a diagnosis of ameloblastic fibroodontoma was made. Healing went smoothly. Although this lesion has a low recurrence rate, the patient is monitored regularly and there have been no signs of recurrence to date.
[ "Male", "patient", ",", "17", "years", "old", ",", "referred", "to", "the", "Maxillofacial", "Surgery", "Department", "of", "the", "University", "of", "Talca", ",", "for", "presenting", "a", "lesion", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "right", "mandibular", "angle", ",", "revealed", "in", "a", "control", "cervical", "lateral", "teleradiography", ",", "following", "a", "car", "accident", ".", "The", "patient", "reported", "no", "personal", "or", "family", "history", ".", "History", "of", "smoking", ",", "alcohol", "and", "drugs", "were", "negative", ",", "as", "were", "any", "medication", "intake", "or", "drug", "allergies", ".", "The", "general", "physical", "examination", "was", "not", "compromised", ".", "No", "aesthetic", "or", "functional", "alterations", "were", "observed", "on", "extraoral", "clinical", "examination", ".", "Intraoral", "palpation", "revealed", "a", "slight", "increase", "in", "volume", "in", "the", "posterior", "area", "of", "the", "mandibular", "vestibule", ".", "In", "the", "conventional", "radiological", "study", "an", "extensive", "unilocular", "image", "of", "mixed", "density", "was", "observed", ",", "with", "radiopaque", "predominance", ",", "surrounded", "by", "a", "radiolucent", "band", "with", "net", "corticalised", "limits", "located", "in", "the", "area", "of", "tooth", "48", ",", "partially", "overprojected", "in", "the", "roots", "of", "tooth", "47", "with", "bulging", "of", "the", "bony", "slabs", "and", "with", "rejection", "of", "tooth", "48", "towards", "the", "distal", "and", "cephalic", "region", ".", "The", "mandibular", "canal", "was", "displaced", "towards", "the", "basilar", "edge", "in", "the", "segment", "corresponding", "to", "the", "mandibular", "body", "and", "rejected", "distally", "in", "the", "ascending", "branch", ".", "The", "study", "was", "complemented", "with", "a", "computed", "axial", "tomography", "scan", "showing", "a", "hyperdense", "lesion", ",", "with", "clear", "and", "corticalised", "limits", ",", "with", "widening", "of", "the", "bony", "tables", ".", "Its", "dimensions", "were", ":", "antero-posterior", "25", ".", "9", "mm", ",", "vestibulo-palatine", "21", "mm", "and", "28", ".", "3", "mm", "in", "greatest", "cephalo-caudal", "diameter", ".", "The", "acquisition", "of", "the", "images", "was", "processed", "with", "Dentascan", "®", "software", ",", "obtaining", "axial", ",", "panorex", "and", "transversal", "reconstructions", "of", "the", "area", "of", "interest", ",", "which", "confirmed", "the", "proximity", "to", "the", "mandibular", "canal", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "involvement", "of", "both", "tables", ".", "The", "differential", "diagnosis", "for", "this", "case", "was", "immature", "complex", "odontoma", ",", "ameloblastic", "fibroodontoma", ",", "calcifying", "epithelial", "odontogenic", "tumour", "and", "calcifying", "epithelial", "odontogenic", "cyst", ".", "After", "the", "radiological", "study", ",", "an", "incisional", "biopsy", "was", "performed", "under", "local", "anaesthesia", ",", "which", "included", "both", "soft", "and", "hard", "tissues", ",", "showing", "calcified", "dentine-type", "tissue", ",", "with", "areas", "of", "minor", "calcification", "and", "lax", "fibrous", "connective", "tissue", "that", "resembled", "the", "stellate", "reticulum", "of", "the", "dental", "organ", ".", "The", "periphery", "showed", "fibrous", "connective", "tissue", "and", "some", "small", "areas", "showing", "epithelium", "of", "odontogenic", "origin", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "peripheral", "cylindrical", "cells", "of", "the", "ameloblast", "type", ".", "The", "sample", "was", "irregular", "and", "showed", "no", "denticle", "structure", ".", "Accordingly", ",", "the", "histological", "diagnosis", "was", "a", "lesion", "compatible", "with", "an", "odontoma", "in", "formation", "with", "the", "presence", "of", "ameloblastic", "changes", ".", "Enucleation", "of", "the", "lesion", "was", "performed", "under", "general", "anaesthesia", ",", "by", "means", "of", "an", "extraoral", "approach", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "right", "mandibular", "angle", "to", "facilitate", "modelling", "and", "subsequent", "placement", "of", "a", "rigid", "osteosynthesis", ".", "In", "this", "way", "the", "affected", "area", "was", "accessed", ",", "finding", "a", "very", "diminished", "vestibular", "table", ",", "which", "was", "removed", "to", "make", "way", "for", "the", "exposure", "and", "complete", "elimination", "of", "the", "lesion", ",", "concluding", "with", "a", "curettage", "of", "the", "surgical", "bed", ".", "The", "remnant", "of", "healthy", "bone", "tissue", "was", "very", "poor", ",", "so", "the", "placement", "of", "a", "2", ".", "4", "reconstruction", "plate", "at", "the", "level", "of", "the", "mandibular", "angle", "and", "body", "was", "planned", "to", "provide", "greater", "strength", "and", "prevent", "a", "pathological", "fracture", ".", "Immediate", "grafting", "was", "not", "planned", "due", "to", "the", "possibility", "of", "recurrence", ".", "Histopathological", "examination", "of", "the", "operative", "specimen", "revealed", "a", "greater", "amount", "of", "ameloblastic", "tissue", "and", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "ameloblastic", "fibroodontoma", "was", "made", ".", "Healing", "went", "smoothly", ".", "Although", "this", "lesion", "has", "a", "low", "recurrence", "rate", ",", "the", "patient", "is", "monitored", "regularly", "and", "there", "have", "been", "no", "signs", "of", "recurrence", "to", "date", "." ]
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en
13-year-old girl with ulcer on the upper lip of 3 months evolution; no response to multiple treatments (antibiotics and topical corticosteroids, acyclovir, oral antibiotics). She denies sexual relations. Personal and family history Not relevant Physical examination Ulcer + 0.5 cm. with granulomatous bed. Left posterior cervical adenopathy 0.5 cm in diameter. Rest of the examination normal COMPLEMENTARY TESTS: normal (Chest X-ray, HIV, Viral Load, CD4-8 count, Renal Echo). PPD (-) Skin biopsy with tuberculoid granuloma pattern. Polymerase chain reaction was positive for M. tuberculous. EVOLUTION: Anti-tuberculous treatment was not initiated due to spontaneous remission of the lesion. FINAL DIAGNOSIS Cutaneous TB (Primoinfection)
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en
Personal history Male patient aged 81 years. Moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ex-smoker since 1998, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) type II. In 2010, severe aortic stenosis treated by bioprosthesis, whose postoperative period was complicated by respiratory infection, surgical wound infection and sternal dehiscence, reintervened 15 days after surgery. Moderate heart failure, Barthel index: 50 (moderate). In 2012, the patient had numerous episodes of enterococcal bacteraemia and was admitted to hospital on four occasions. Given the recurrence of the infection, an exhaustive study was carried out in search of possible foci of infection, with particular interest in the prosthetic valve, with only a gallium 67 scan performed in February 2013 showing hypercaptation in the right sternoclavicular joint, leading to a diagnosis of enterococcal sternal osteomyelitis and antibiotic treatment was completed with ampicillin for 4 weeks. Three days after returning home, the patient developed fever, general malaise, dyspnoea, increased cough and secretions and returned to the hospital. CLINICAL OBSERVATION On the last admission before the current illness, he was diagnosed with sternal osteomyelitis due to enterococci. Initially, third generation cephalosporin was administered, which was changed to ampicillin and finally to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. During this admission, up to 4 red blood cell concentrates were administered due to significant anaemisation and also due to extravasation coinciding with the administration of a blood transfusion. - Physical examination: conscious and oriented, nourished and hydrated, chest pain, general malaise, pallor, sweating, dyspnoea, jugular ingurgitation and malleolar oedema. - Vital signs: blood pressure 120/60 mmHg, heart rate 70 bpm, temperature 39°C. - CBC: 20,700 mil/mm3 leukocytes, 8.5 g/dl haemoglobin, 199,000/mm3 platelets. Glucose 207 mg/dl, urea 109 mg/dl, creatinine 1.6 mg/dl, sodium 135 mEq/l, potassium 4.7 mEq/l, CRP 56 mg/l. - Electrocardiogram: atrial fibrillation at 70 bpm. - Chest X-ray: cardiomegaly. - Auscultation: arrhythmic heart with aortic systolic murmur. Bilateral pulmonary rhonchi. - Blood gases: pO2 167, pCO2 133, pH 7.40, HCO3 20. - Blood cultures: Enterococcus faecalis was isolated. - Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram: In the posterior annulus of the mitral valve a mass image of 16 x 12 mm is observed. With echogenic borders that was not seen in the previous transesophageal echocardiogram in December 2012. - Provisional diagnosis: subacute enterococcal mitral endocarditis complicated by anaemia due to chronic disease, acute renal failure due to aminoglycosides, exacerbation of COPD due to nosocomial respiratory infection with Stenotrophomona maltophilia and organic brain syndrome. - Initial treatment: low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), furosemide, ampicillin, inhalers, oxygen therapy, rest, vital signs monitoring and oxygen saturation. Evolution After being diagnosed with mitral endocarditis, the patient was treated for 6 weeks with ampicillin and 2 weeks with gentamicin; in the fourth week of admission, the patient suffered an exacerbation of his COPD due to a respiratory infection by Strenotrophomonas maltophilia, receiving treatment with cotrimoxazole for 2 weeks, achieving clinical and microbiological resolution of the episode. Due to the administration of this whole battery of antibiotics, he suffered acute renal failure due to aminoglycosides, but after discontinuation of treatment in the sixth week of treatment, this resolved. During admission, there was a progressive worsening of the patient's chronic anaemia associated with the subacute infectious disease and the prolonged administration of antibiotics, which led to the administration of three red blood cell concentrates. Between the third and fourth week, the patient's general condition worsened significantly, and the nursing team focused on addressing collaboration problems and diagnosing activity intolerance related to an imbalance between oxygen intake and demand, and on self-care diagnoses. The patient's haematocrit and haemoglobin figures improved significantly after resolution of the infectious process and administration of plasma derivatives. From the fifth week of treatment, the patient gradually recovers, and the diagnoses of anxiety and deficient knowledge can be worked on with him and the number of activities aimed at self-care is progressively increased. During his prolonged illness and numerous hospitalisations, in the last months of his hospital stay, the patient suffers a serious functional deterioration, being unable to ambulate and carry out basic activities of daily living; current Barthel index: 15 (Total). Medical discharge Following resolution of the infectious process, he was discharged from hospital on 28 May 2013 and transferred to a medium-stay hospital for the purpose of rehabilitation. A half-stay hospital is a level of care used to complete the rehabilitation of patients with real possibilities of recovery, who require longer stays than those traditionally accepted in the hospital environment. The average stay in this centre is between 25 and 30 days, and the maximum stay should not exceed 3 months. The medical treatment received at discharge consisted of: rehabilitation, heparin, diuretics, inhalers (salbutamol and Seretide® 50/100 mcg), iron and vitamin B9. For several weeks prior to discharge, the patient did not require hypoglycaemic or antihypertensive treatment.
[ "Personal", "history", "Male", "patient", "aged", "81", "years", ".", "Moderate", "chronic", "obstructive", "pulmonary", "disease", "(", "COPD", ")", ",", "ex-smoker", "since", "1998", ",", "hypertension", ",", "dyslipidaemia", "and", "insulin-dependent", "diabetes", "mellitus", "(", "DM", ")", "type", "II", ".", "In", "2010", ",", "severe", "aortic", "stenosis", "treated", "by", "bioprosthesis", ",", "whose", "postoperative", "period", "was", "complicated", "by", "respiratory", "infection", ",", "surgical", "wound", "infection", "and", "sternal", "dehiscence", ",", "reintervened", "15", "days", "after", "surgery", ".", "Moderate", "heart", "failure", ",", "Barthel", "index", ":", "50", "(", "moderate", ")", ".", "In", "2012", ",", "the", "patient", "had", "numerous", "episodes", "of", "enterococcal", "bacteraemia", "and", "was", "admitted", "to", "hospital", "on", "four", "occasions", ".", "Given", "the", "recurrence", "of", "the", "infection", ",", "an", "exhaustive", "study", "was", "carried", "out", "in", "search", "of", "possible", "foci", "of", "infection", ",", "with", "particular", "interest", "in", "the", "prosthetic", "valve", ",", "with", "only", "a", "gallium", "67", "scan", "performed", "in", "February", "2013", "showing", "hypercaptation", "in", "the", "right", "sternoclavicular", "joint", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "diagnosis", "of", "enterococcal", "sternal", "osteomyelitis", "and", "antibiotic", "treatment", "was", "completed", "with", "ampicillin", "for", "4", "weeks", ".", "Three", "days", "after", "returning", "home", ",", "the", "patient", "developed", "fever", ",", "general", "malaise", ",", "dyspnoea", ",", "increased", "cough", "and", "secretions", "and", "returned", "to", "the", "hospital", ".", "CLINICAL", "OBSERVATION", "On", "the", "last", "admission", "before", "the", "current", "illness", ",", "he", "was", "diagnosed", "with", "sternal", "osteomyelitis", "due", "to", "enterococci", ".", "Initially", ",", "third", "generation", "cephalosporin", "was", "administered", ",", "which", "was", "changed", "to", "ampicillin", "and", "finally", "to", "amoxicillin-clavulanic", "acid", ".", "During", "this", "admission", ",", "up", "to", "4", "red", "blood", "cell", "concentrates", "were", "administered", "due", "to", "significant", "anaemisation", "and", "also", "due", "to", "extravasation", "coinciding", "with", "the", "administration", "of", "a", "blood", "transfusion", ".", "-", "Physical", "examination", ":", "conscious", "and", "oriented", ",", "nourished", "and", "hydrated", ",", "chest", "pain", ",", "general", "malaise", ",", "pallor", ",", "sweating", ",", "dyspnoea", ",", "jugular", "ingurgitation", "and", "malleolar", "oedema", ".", "-", "Vital", "signs", ":", "blood", "pressure", "120", "/", "60", "mmHg", ",", "heart", "rate", "70", "bpm", ",", "temperature", "39", "°", "C", ".", "-", "CBC", ":", "20", ",", "700", "mil", "/", "mm3", "leukocytes", ",", "8", ".", "5", "g", "/", "dl", "haemoglobin", ",", "199", ",", "000", "/", "mm3", "platelets", ".", "Glucose", "207", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "urea", "109", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "creatinine", "1", ".", "6", "mg", "/", "dl", ",", "sodium", "135", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "potassium", "4", ".", "7", "mEq", "/", "l", ",", "CRP", "56", "mg", "/", "l", ".", "-", "Electrocardiogram", ":", "atrial", "fibrillation", "at", "70", "bpm", ".", "-", "Chest", "X-ray", ":", "cardiomegaly", ".", "-", "Auscultation", ":", "arrhythmic", "heart", "with", "aortic", "systolic", "murmur", ".", "Bilateral", "pulmonary", "rhonchi", ".", "-", "Blood", "gases", ":", "pO2", "167", ",", "pCO2", "133", ",", "pH", "7", ".", "40", ",", "HCO3", "20", ".", "-", "Blood", "cultures", ":", "Enterococcus", "faecalis", "was", "isolated", ".", "-", "Transthoracic", "and", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", ":", "In", "the", "posterior", "annulus", "of", "the", "mitral", "valve", "a", "mass", "image", "of", "16", "x", "12", "mm", "is", "observed", ".", "With", "echogenic", "borders", "that", "was", "not", "seen", "in", "the", "previous", "transesophageal", "echocardiogram", "in", "December", "2012", ".", "-", "Provisional", "diagnosis", ":", "subacute", "enterococcal", "mitral", "endocarditis", "complicated", "by", "anaemia", "due", "to", "chronic", "disease", ",", "acute", "renal", "failure", "due", "to", "aminoglycosides", ",", "exacerbation", "of", "COPD", "due", "to", "nosocomial", "respiratory", "infection", "with", "Stenotrophomona", "maltophilia", "and", "organic", "brain", "syndrome", ".", "-", "Initial", "treatment", ":", "low", "molecular", "weight", "heparin", "(", "LMWH", ")", ",", "furosemide", ",", "ampicillin", ",", "inhalers", ",", "oxygen", "therapy", ",", "rest", ",", "vital", "signs", "monitoring", "and", "oxygen", "saturation", ".", "Evolution", "After", "being", "diagnosed", "with", "mitral", "endocarditis", ",", "the", "patient", "was", "treated", "for", "6", "weeks", "with", "ampicillin", "and", "2", "weeks", "with", "gentamicin", ";", "in", "the", "fourth", "week", "of", "admission", ",", "the", "patient", "suffered", "an", "exacerbation", "of", "his", "COPD", "due", "to", "a", "respiratory", "infection", "by", "Strenotrophomonas", "maltophilia", ",", "receiving", "treatment", "with", "cotrimoxazole", "for", "2", "weeks", ",", "achieving", "clinical", "and", "microbiological", "resolution", "of", "the", "episode", ".", "Due", "to", "the", "administration", "of", "this", "whole", "battery", "of", "antibiotics", ",", "he", "suffered", "acute", "renal", "failure", "due", "to", "aminoglycosides", ",", "but", "after", "discontinuation", "of", "treatment", "in", "the", "sixth", "week", "of", "treatment", ",", "this", "resolved", ".", "During", "admission", ",", "there", "was", "a", "progressive", "worsening", "of", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "chronic", "anaemia", "associated", "with", "the", "subacute", "infectious", "disease", "and", "the", "prolonged", "administration", "of", "antibiotics", ",", "which", "led", "to", "the", "administration", "of", "three", "red", "blood", "cell", "concentrates", ".", "Between", "the", "third", "and", "fourth", "week", ",", "the", "patient", "'", "s", "general", "condition", "worsened", "significantly", ",", "and", "the", "nursing", "team", "focused", "on", "addressing", "collaboration", "problems", "and", "diagnosing", "activity", "intolerance", "related", "to", "an", "imbalance", "between", "oxygen", "intake", "and", "demand", ",", "and", "on", "self-care", "diagnoses", ".", "The", "patient", "'", "s", "haematocrit", "and", "haemoglobin", "figures", "improved", "significantly", "after", "resolution", "of", "the", "infectious", "process", "and", "administration", "of", "plasma", "derivatives", ".", "From", "the", "fifth", "week", "of", "treatment", ",", "the", "patient", "gradually", "recovers", ",", "and", "the", "diagnoses", "of", "anxiety", "and", "deficient", "knowledge", "can", "be", "worked", "on", "with", "him", "and", "the", "number", "of", "activities", "aimed", "at", "self-care", "is", "progressively", "increased", ".", "During", "his", "prolonged", "illness", "and", "numerous", "hospitalisations", ",", "in", "the", "last", "months", "of", "his", "hospital", "stay", ",", "the", "patient", "suffers", "a", "serious", "functional", "deterioration", ",", "being", "unable", "to", "ambulate", "and", "carry", "out", "basic", "activities", "of", "daily", "living", ";", "current", "Barthel", "index", ":", "15", "(", "Total", ")", ".", "Medical", "discharge", "Following", "resolution", "of", "the", "infectious", "process", ",", "he", "was", "discharged", "from", "hospital", "on", "28", "May", "2013", "and", "transferred", "to", "a", "medium-stay", "hospital", "for", "the", "purpose", "of", "rehabilitation", ".", "A", "half-stay", "hospital", "is", "a", "level", "of", "care", "used", "to", "complete", "the", "rehabilitation", "of", "patients", "with", "real", "possibilities", "of", "recovery", ",", "who", "require", "longer", "stays", "than", "those", "traditionally", "accepted", "in", "the", "hospital", "environment", ".", "The", "average", "stay", "in", "this", "centre", "is", "between", "25", "and", "30", "days", ",", "and", "the", "maximum", "stay", "should", "not", "exceed", "3", "months", ".", "The", "medical", "treatment", "received", "at", "discharge", "consisted", "of", ":", "rehabilitation", ",", "heparin", ",", "diuretics", ",", "inhalers", "(", "salbutamol", "and", "Seretide", "®", "50", "/", "100", "mcg", ")", ",", "iron", "and", "vitamin", "B9", ".", "For", "several", "weeks", "prior", "to", "discharge", ",", "the", "patient", "did", "not", "require", "hypoglycaemic", "or", "antihypertensive", "treatment", "." ]
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[ { "text": "Personal", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 0, "end": 8 }, { "text": "Male patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 17, "end": 29 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 22, "end": 29 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 483, "end": 490 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 1036, "end": 1043 }, { "text": "enterococcal", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 516, "end": 528 }, { "text": "enterococcal", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 896, "end": 908 }, { "text": "enterococci", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 1272, "end": 1283 }, { "text": "Enterococcus faecalis", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2304, "end": 2325 }, { "text": "enterococcal", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2617, "end": 2629 }, { "text": "Stenotrophomona maltophilia", "label": "SPECIES", "start": 2807, "end": 2834 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3086, "end": 3093 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3200, "end": 3207 }, { "text": "patient", "label": "HUMAN", "start": 3693, "end": 3700 } ]
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A twenty-seven year old male, smoker of a pack a day since he was ten years old, with no pathological or family history of interest, came to the emergency department with two well-defined, non-painful, haematic lesions on the tongue and buccal mucosa of two days' evolution. She also presented headache in the frontal and occipital region of three days' evolution accompanied by general malaise, several episodes of mild and self-limited epistaxis, gingivorrhoea after dental cleaning, dizziness and a feeling of dystrophy. No fever measured at home. No trips abroad or risky sexual relations in the last few months. Physical examination revealed no skin lesions or lymphadenopathies; no visual alterations or signs of nuchal rigidity. Febrile fever. Laboratory tests showed: white blood cells 50,000/l with 69% neutrophils and 27% monocytes, platelets 16,000/l. Smear: 85% medium-small blasts. Following this, a cranial CAT scan and chest X-ray were requested (no alterations); and a test for mononucleosis was performed, with negative results. The patient was admitted to the haematology department to complete the study and start treatment.
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