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Differentiated 4th grade or 5th grade reading notebook! This bundle includes EVERYTHING you need to teach the CCSS informational standards in a 4th or 5th grade classroom. The materials are all differentiated for your learners who need a little extra support and for those who are ready for more complex tasks. (You can purchase each unit separately if you click on the link in the unit titles.) You may be interested in the matching LITERATURE notebook found here: Reading Notebook *4th-5th Grade* LITERATURE Or you could get both notebooks in a BUNDLE at a discounted price: Reading Notebook *4th-5th Grade* INFORMATIONAL TEXT and LITERATURE BUNDLE LOOKING FOR THIS PRODUCT LINE IN ANOTHER GRADE LEVEL? 2nd-3rd Grade Informational Notebook 2nd-3rd Grade Literature Notebook 2nd-3rd Grade Literature + Informational Text BUNDLE ***********WHAT IS INCLUDED IN EVERY UNIT? *********** Mentor Text List This list of suggested books works great for student texts or using in an Interactive Read Aloud. The notebook cover, tabs, chapter covers, and pockets are all included. Everything here fits perfectly into a notebook. It is all minimal prep and minimal cutting and pasting. The bookmarks are a reminder to the student of how to apply the skills they are learning. It includes sentence prompts and questions they should think about while reading. The prompts work seamlessly with the included notebook printables. Differentiated Passages and Questions There are three articles included in each unit (8 units included in this bundle). Each article is written at two differentiated levels for a total of six passages. There are two question page options for each passage. One is closely aligned to the 4th grade standards. The other is more closely aligned to the 5th grade standards. With both options, students must color text evidence to support their responses. You can use the simplified text with the harder question page or vice versa. You have a range of differentiation options. Differentiated Task Cards There are 24 task cards included in each unit. They are all tasks that include short texts to practice the skills. These work great in whole group lessons, partner work, or for individual student notebook responses. The tasks are differentiated. The reading level and question prompts get more complex as you move from Task 1 to Task 24. Reading Response Sheets There are multiple structured reading response sheets included. Everything fits perfectly into a reading notebook, so you eliminate loose papers. There are additional quick prompts that fit on top of a notebook page. I recommend putting these in at the end of your unit and then asking students to return to these prompts throughout the year. Images, Diagrams, Maps, Etc. The details have been thought about in this product. Everything you need for the trickiest topics is included. There are original maps, diagrams, illustrations, website simulations, and mini-books included. Everything is ready to be copied in black and white with low ink usage. Some OPTIONS for color are included. ******************** FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ******************** Are the passages included here the same as the passages in your 4th grade or 5th grade close reading bundles? No, the passages included in this reading notebook are totally new. They are not found in my other bestselling reading bundles. What Lexile level are the reading passages? The Common Core standards consider 4th and 5th grade level texts within the same Lexile level band of 770-980. Each unit contains three passages written within this level. In addition, the passages have also been rewritten at a lower level and they all fall within a Lexile level of 500-700 which is perfect for your developing learners who are ready for some rich tasks. – Alyssha Swanson Teaching and Tapas: 2nd Grade in Spain

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FLICKR, US EMBASSY NEW ZEALANDA team of explorers has arrived at the subglacial Lake Whillans at the edge of the Western Antarctic Ice sheet after a 1,000-kilometer trek from the US-owned research facility McMurdo Station. The Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) team will this week begin to drill through 800 meters of ice with an environmentally clean hot-water drill, then deploy sampling instruments into the bore hole to sample the water and sediment beneath, which may contain microbial life. The team will also collect data that may shed light on the role of the 300 or so subglacial lakes and rivers found over the past 20 years in stabilizing or destabilizing the Western Antarctic Ice sheet, which seems to be losing mass at an increasing rate. Meanwhile, Russian scientists have successfully retrieved samples from Antarctica’s 20-million-year-old Lake Vostock, which lies buried under almost 4,000... (Hat tip to Nature)

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Is your kid bored during the summer holidays? Are you hunting for something to help your kid get away from the TV to do something creative and constructive? Check out these simple paper plate craft ideas for preschoolers and younger kids that will help to explore their creative side. In This Article Paper Plate Crafts for Kids To Make: Paper plates can be used for many craft activities, other than for the regular party purposes. Here are 10 best ways to put old paper plates to use and keep your kid busy too! 1. Paper Plate Tags: A simple yet effective trick to put old paper plates to use is to simply hand over them to your kid. Ask him to trace the outline of some cool-shaped gift tags using a stencil. Then help your kid cut along the lines and create a small hole at one of the edges to pass a ribbon. Finally, ask your kid to decorate these tags as per his ideas and creativity. [ Read: Paper Flower Making For Kids ] 2. Simple Paper Plate Painting: There are instances when you fall short of white card papers; and that’s when these simple paper plates will come in handy. Ask your kid to get his pack of poster paints and paint his ideas on a paper plate instead of a white sheet of paper. You can also ask him to draw some inspiration from magazines and newspapers. 3. Paper Plate Masks: Paper plate masks are fun and easy to make. Ask your kid to pick out his choice of animal and draw it out on the paper plate. Then, if he’s old enough, ask him to cut out spaces for eyes and the mouth, and then paint it appropriately. Lastly, create 2 tiny holes at each horizontal end and pass an elastic thread to secure. [ Read: Halloween Crafts ] 4. Cartoon-Style Cut-Outs: Another cool trick to try out is to first draw and paint a simple object (a tree or a vegetable) on a paper plate and then cut it out. Now, using the cut out as a reference, trace the outline on a sheet of white paper, and cut out, leaving a 1 cm extra gap, such that the white cut out is a bit larger than the original. Now stick the white cut out below the original one, and allow it to dry! 5. Paper Plate Scrapbook Idea: Here’s another cool idea to put old paper plates to use. Cut out equal sized squares from the middle flat portion of each paper plate. Tie them together using a glittery ribbon. This makes for a cool and easy scrapbook. Now ask your kid to let his imagination run wild and create his own masterpiece in this scrapbook. 6. Paper Plate Hand Painting: Hand painting doesn’t necessarily have to be on white papers, you can also get your kid to do them on paper plates. Spread out paper plates on a clean area and allow your kid to experiment with different colors and variations with hand and thumb paintings on them. [ Read: Tin Can Crafts For Kids ] 7. Paper Plate Frame: There’s nothing better than this simple trick to put paper plates to use- cut out the middle portion of the plate such that only a ring of paper is left behind. Now ask your kid to paint and decorate this frame, and once done, you can stick a cute family picture behind it and hang it in your kid’s room. 8. Button Heart on Paper Plate: Trace out a shape of a heart on a paper plate and hand over some old, colourful buttons to your kid and ask him to stick them within the heart. You can also get your kid to decorate it using glitter or sequins. See your kid go bonkers with this activity. 9. Paper Plate Card: Trace a cool shape on a square cut out from a paper plate and cut it out. Now stick another colored paper behind this cut out, and ask your kid to decorate it to create a nice greeting card. 10. Paper Plate Decorations: You can also get your kid to cut out different shapes from a simple paper plate and color it as per his choice. These can be used for decorations and other craft purposes and is very easy to make. We hope that you enjoy these simply fabulous craft ideas for kids using paper plates. Being with your child for a while and participating in the activity will kick start his enthusiasm better. Enjoy the summer vacation along with your little one. Bring out the inner child inside you! Don’t forget to share if you have any other ideas for simple paper plate crafts for kids with us. Join the conversation and become a part of our vibrant community! Share your stories, experiences, and insights to connect with like-minded individuals.

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Have you tried to type over a line in Microsoft Word, but the text is not staying on the line but keeps on moving and creating space, and you are wondering how can I get the text on the line without the line moving and creating space? In this tutorial, we will discuss some techniques to write over the line. How to type Text over a Line in Word Open Microsoft Word. Draw a line in your document. The first technique we will use is to write on the line; notice, when you are typing on the line the text, is not staying on the line, and the line keeps on moving. Highlight the text and click the Underline button on the Home tab in the Font group, and you will notice that the text will be on the line. The second technique is to click the Insert tab and click the Text box button in the Text group. In the drop-down list, select Draw Text Box. A text box will appear in the document. Move the text box over the line; ensure that the bottom of the text box matches the line. We do not want the text box to have an outline; we will click the Shape Format tab. The Shape Format tab appears whenever the shape is selected, including the text box. On the Shape Format tab in the Shape Styles group, click the Shape Outline button, and in the drop-down list, select No Outline. Notice that the text box lines become invisible. Then click the Shape Fill button, and in the drop-down list, click No Fill. Drag the text box closer to the line. Now, we have the text on the line. We hope this tutorial helps you understand how to type over lines in Microsoft Word. Read next: How to add Citations & References in Word.

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Leviticus 6:7 – “In this way the priest will make atonement for them before the Lord, and they will be forgiven for any of the things they did that made them guilty.” Extended Explanation of the Verse Leviticus 6:7 concludes the section on the guilt offering, emphasizing the role of the priest in making atonement for the sins of the people. The verse assures that when the prescribed steps are followed—restitution and the offering of a guilt sacrifice—God grants forgiveness. This forgiveness is not based on the merit of the sinner but on the faithfulness of God to accept the offering and the work of the priest who mediates between the sinner and God. The verse underscores the completeness of God’s forgiveness once atonement is made, offering peace and restoration to the individual who was once guilty. In ancient Israel, the sacrificial system was central to maintaining a right relationship with God. The guilt offering, described in the surrounding verses, was required when someone had sinned against another person or against God’s sacred things. The priest played a crucial role in this system, acting as the mediator who would offer the sacrifice on behalf of the sinner. This ritual was not just a religious formality; it was a deeply significant act that restored the sinner to a place of right standing before God. The assurance of forgiveness in Leviticus 6:7 would have been a profound comfort to the Israelites, providing them with a clear path to reconciliation with God. Leviticus 6:7 highlights several important theological truths. First, it teaches that sin requires atonement—there must be a payment or sacrifice to cover the offense. Second, it shows that forgiveness is available to those who follow God’s instructions for atonement. This verse also reveals that God is not only just but also merciful, willing to forgive those who come to Him with a sincere heart and the appropriate offering. The role of the priest in making atonement points to the need for a mediator between sinful humanity and a holy God, a theme that finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Leviticus 6:7 serves as a conclusion to the specific instructions on the guilt offering. The phrase “In this way” ties the verse directly to the previous commands, emphasizing the importance of following God’s prescribed method for atonement. The verse is written in a declarative form, providing assurance of forgiveness for those who obey God’s commands. The use of the word “atonement” signifies the covering or reconciliation of sin, while “they will be forgiven” offers the comforting promise of restored relationship with God. The literary structure reinforces the certainty and completeness of God’s forgiveness. This verse resonates with other Scriptures that discuss atonement and forgiveness. For instance, Leviticus 17:11 explains that the life of a creature is in the blood, and it is the blood that makes atonement for one’s life, pointing to the importance of a blood sacrifice in the process of forgiveness. In the New Testament, Hebrews 9:22 reiterates that without the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness of sins, further connecting the Old Testament sacrificial system to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Romans 5:11 speaks of the reconciliation we now have through Jesus Christ, who is our atonement. What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian For Christians today, Leviticus 6:7 is a reminder that forgiveness from God is not something we earn but something that is given through atonement. While we no longer offer animal sacrifices, the principle remains that sin separates us from God, and only through the appropriate sacrifice can we be reconciled to Him. For Christians, this sacrifice is found in Jesus Christ, who made the ultimate atonement for our sins. This verse encourages us to trust in the completeness of God’s forgiveness when we come to Him through Christ, reminding us that there is no sin too great that cannot be forgiven. How This Verse Relates to a Loving God Leviticus 6:7 reveals God’s love through His provision of a way to be forgiven. God, in His love, does not leave us in our guilt but provides a clear path to restoration. The sacrificial system, while it may seem harsh, was a way for God to demonstrate both His justice and His mercy. By requiring a sacrifice, God acknowledges the seriousness of sin, but by offering forgiveness through that sacrifice, He shows His deep desire to restore His people to a right relationship with Him. This verse is a testament to God’s loving character, which seeks to redeem and reconcile rather than condemn. How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ Leviticus 6:7 directly points to the work of Jesus Christ, who is the ultimate High Priest and the perfect sacrifice. In the Old Testament, the priest made atonement with the blood of animals, but in the New Testament, Jesus made atonement with His own blood. Hebrews 7:27 explains that unlike other priests, Jesus does not need to offer sacrifices day after day; He sacrificed for sins once for all when He offered Himself. Through Christ, we have a better and eternal atonement, which brings complete forgiveness and reconciliation with God. This verse foreshadows the ultimate forgiveness that would be made available to all through Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross. Questions for Reflection and Discussion - How does the assurance of forgiveness in Leviticus 6:7 affect your understanding of God’s grace and mercy? - What does it mean to you that Jesus is our ultimate atonement, fulfilling what the Old Testament sacrifices pointed toward? - How can you apply the principle of seeking both restitution and atonement in your relationships with others? - In what ways does the role of the priest in Leviticus 6:7 help you appreciate the work of Jesus as our High Priest? Leviticus 6:7 offers a powerful reminder of God’s provision for atonement and forgiveness. It points us to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, through whom we are reconciled to God and assured of complete forgiveness. This verse encourages us to trust in God’s love and justice, knowing that He has provided a way for us to be made right with Him.

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One of the first obvious features of embryonic development is the optic pits, which appear during the third week of development, when a growing child is roughly 2.6 millimeters in length. The eyes continue to grow up with the rest of the brain - the eyes could be thought of as a light-sensitive part of it. The human central nervous system is extremely visually-oriented structurally and functionally: of the twelve nerves which go directly from the brain to supply structures in the head, five of them are directly involved with the functioning of vision; 42% of the nerve fibers from the five senses are vision fibers; and upwards of 85% of all the information our brains process involves vision. There have been human development scientists who were even known for saying, in fact, that ‘vision IS development’. In the opinion of this writer, this is certainly reasonable to say given the evidence. The vast majority of vision development happens in our early years, along with other major developmental milestones. But at the same time that major milestones in vision development are taking place, refractive error (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism) often manifests itself. Put together, this can be a difficult situation for many children, one that can make school frustrating and learning difficult. A very common age for first noticing this situation is about second or third grade, when children are taken from the phase of ‘learning how to read’ to that of ‘reading to learn’. Often times, children don’t have a good concept of how they are supposed to see, so they don’t complain, and their situation goes on unchecked unless a professional evaluation finds it. According to research, school and physician vision screenings miss approximately one third of vision problems that may interrupt learning, usually having to do with two-eyed coordination and near vision. (School vision screenings are not the same as eye exams!) Having a comprehensive eye examination which includes a binocular analysis is needed in order to keep a child from losing learning opportunities at school. And this is not to mention the detailed evaluation of their eye health, which is not part of a school screening. The following discussions expand on the things we are most concerned about when we examine children in our office. Accommodative Insufficiency and Convergence Excess These are very disruptive vision problems that affect eye coordination up close. In one study, reported by the College of Optometrists in Vision Development (COVD), of children between the ages of 9 and 13, over one in 8 were found to be moderately or severely affected by Convergence Insufficiency. It was also estimated that as many as 25% of children of school age had a vision-related learning problem. So vision problems which affect learning are unfortunately common, and it takes vision testing that examines this to find them. Ideally speaking, the eyes are at rest and are pointing parallel when viewing at a distance of 20 feet or more. It is up close that the eyes have to add more focusing power and realign themselves. If the point at which the eyes are focusing and the point at which they have pointed are not together well, blur, strain, headaches, and double vision can happen. This can understandably make school difficult Lenses can be used to adjust the focusing point is so that it meets together with the place where the eyes are pointed, and this gives great relief. The difficulty of using near prescriptions, however, is that they make distance vision blurry. This is solved by using multifocal lenses, preferably bifocals. (See article ‘Eyeglasses’). So, bifocals are for anyone with near vision problems, not just those of us that are over 40! Strabismus and Amblyopia These are medical terms used to describe two conditions that often happen together, and happen most commonly before the age of three. Strabismus is when the vision from each eye is used alternately instead of together. This almost always results in one eye pointing in a different direction than the other, and can happen because of problems with the eye’s six muscles, the nerves that bring signals to them, or the control centers in the brain that coordinate the muscles so that the eyes point at the same place. The misalignment can be constant, or it can happen just when the person is tired, and one eye may point in any direction compared to the other. The terms we use to describe it are: esotropia when one eye turns inward, extropia if it turns outward, hypertropia if it points upward, and hypotropia when it points downward. Other terms we use to describe it include ‘unilateral’ if it affects only one eye, or ‘alternating’ if it happens to either eye, and whether the misalignment happens constantly or intermittently. Strabismus causes poor depth perception, and usually results in decreased vision in one eye because double vision is so distressing to the brain that it will ignore (suppress) the vision from one eye just to avoid it. This suppression can become permanent, which is called Amblyopia. Amblyopia is when the vision from one eye is suppressed by the brain because it finds it easier to do this than to try to make sense of the two images together. This can be because the images don’t correspond because of the ‘double vision’ from strabismus (strabismic amblyopia), but can also happen if the eyes are too optically different from each other (refractive amblyopia). Treatment for Amblyopia needs to happen at as early a stage in vision development as possible because it can become permanent if left after ten years of age. Usually these conditions will show themselves in children by age three, but can happen later. If a child has an eye misalignment problem after four months of age, they should examined. Sometimes very small children will only appear to have a misalignment because they temporarily have extra skin that covers the inside corners of their eyes (epicanthal folds), or the bridge of their nose is wide, but this should be determined by an eye doctor just in case treatment is necessary. Treatment for Amblyopia depends on which thing it is from: if it is from an extreme difference in lens prescriptions, contact lenses are best; if it is from strabismus, lenses can be used, or prisms, vision therapy, or eye muscle surgery—or a combination of these. With early treatment, the chances of a good result are best, children don’t just ‘grow out of it’. Strabismus can run in families, can happen from large amounts of farsightedness, or from medical conditions such as stroke, Down syndrome or cerebral palsy. Loss of Vision in Children A spike in eye pressure is the most common cause of vision loss in children, usually from trauma, but also from surgery or drugs. The main concern is ‘high-risk’ sports, which are those with small projectiles like baseball, lacrosse, racquetball and hockey, but also those where finger pokes are common, like basketball, football and soccer. Baseball is the most common cause of eye injuries for children ages 5-14, and basketball is the leading cause of injury for 15-24 year olds. Protective measures are the best medicine of all, but in the event of an injury, it is always best to be examined to ensure that things like bleeding inside the eye, inflammation, or rupturing of the layers of the retina aren’t happening—things which may not give significant symptoms. Retinoblastoma is the tenth most common cancer in children, occurring in 1 out of every 20,000. It is one of the most feared cancers because of how fast it can grow. It comes in two forms: hereditary and sporadic. The fact that the sporadic (random) form is the most common causes great concern for those of us in health care: it is more often the case that this fatal tumor randomly happens to children without a family history to help identify those at risk. The most recognizable sign for this cancer is a white pupil because this tumor has a bright white appearance and fills the eye. Pediatricians and eye doctors screen for this, adding yet another reason to have children regularly examined. Though every effort has been made to be accurate, all articles contained within this website are for strictly informational purposes, and not to be used as a sole source for healthcare training and instruction. Neither does Family Vision Center of Tacoma, P.S., assume responsibility for actions undertaken by someone using information presented on this website to make healthcare decisions.

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What Causes Eye Allergies? Eye allergies, also called allergic conjunctivitis, are primarily caused by exposure to allergens. These allergens include pollen, mold, dust mites, and pet dander. When these allergens come into contact with your eyes, your immune system reacts, leading to inflammation and allergy symptoms. Pollen Allergies and the Eye The most common cause of seasonal eye allergies is pollen. Through exposure to different types of pollen, such as tree, grass, or weed pollen, individuals can experience allergic reactions. These allergens are small and airborne, making it easy for them to get into your eyes and cause an allergic response. Indoor Allergens and the Eye Indoor allergens, such as dust mites and pet dander, can also cause eye allergies. These allergens are present year-round and can cause perennial (year-round) allergic conjunctivitis. Individuals with pet allergies can experience symptoms when exposed to pet dander, while dust mite allergies can be triggered by exposure to dust mite droppings. Other Causes of Eye Allergies Other factors that can cause eye allergies include irritants like smoke, perfumes, or certain chemicals. Some people may also experience eye allergies due to certain medications or contact lens use. To manage these allergies, various treatments are available, including allergy eye drops, which offer relief for symptoms such as itchy, red, and watery eyes. What Symptoms Indicate Eye Allergies? Eye allergy symptoms are primarily characterized by discomfort in the eyes. These symptoms are a result of your immune system's reaction to allergens, which causes inflammation. Prompt recognition of these symptoms can lead to timely treatment and relief. Common Eye Allergy Symptoms Common symptoms of eye allergies include red, itchy, and watery eyes. Other symptoms can include swollen eyelids, sensitivity to light, and a burning or gritty feeling in the eyes. These symptoms can vary in intensity from mild to severe, depending on the individual's sensitivity and the level of exposure to the allergens. Comparison with Other Eye Conditions It's important to distinguish eye allergy symptoms from those of other eye conditions. For instance, dry eye syndrome can also cause redness and itchiness, but it's typically associated with a stinging or burning sensation, rather than the itchiness common in allergies. Similarly, pink eye or conjunctivitis can cause similar symptoms but is often accompanied by green or white discharge. When to Seek Medical Attention If you experience persistent eye discomfort and over-the-counter (OTC) remedies don't provide relief, it is advisable to seek medical attention. Likewise, if symptoms include severe eye pain, vision changes, or intense light sensitivity, immediate medical attention is necessary. Allergy eye drops are a common treatment for eye allergies and can offer relief for many of these symptoms. What Are Allergy Eye Drops? Allergy eye drops are a common treatment for eye allergies. They contain different types of medications designed to alleviate symptoms like redness, itchiness, and watering. OTC or through a prescription, depending on the severity of the symptoms. Antihistamine Allergy Eyedrops Antihistamine eye drops work by blocking histamine, a substance released by your immune system during an allergic reaction. These drops can provide quick relief from eye allergy symptoms such as itching, redness, and watering. They are often recommended for short-term use and are available OTC or by prescription. Anti-Inflammatory Allergy Eyedrops Anti-inflammatory eye drops, like corticosteroids, decrease inflammation in the eyes and can help manage severe or chronic eye allergy symptoms. They are typically used when antihistamines and other treatments are ineffective. These are usually available by prescription only and should be used under a healthcare provider's guidance. Decongestant Allergy Eyedrops Decongestant eye drops help reduce redness in the eyes by narrowing the blood vessels on the white part of the eyes. While they do not treat itching, they can provide temporary relief from red eyes. These drops are available OTC. Mast Cell Stabilizer Allergy Eyedrops Mast cell stabilizers work by preventing the release of histamine from mast cells, thus reducing eye allergy symptoms. These eye drops are often used for long-term treatment and are typically most effective when used before exposure to allergens. Multiple-Action Allergy Eyedrops Multiple-action allergy eye drops combine the effects of antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers. They provide quick relief from symptoms and also help prevent future allergic reactions. These eye drops can be used for both immediate symptom relief and long-term allergy management. How Do Allergy Eye Drops Work? Allergy eye drops work by reducing inflammation, blocking histamine, or constricting blood vessels in the eyes to alleviate allergy symptoms. Different types of eye drops have different mechanisms of action, providing relief for various symptoms. For optimal results, it's crucial to use the right type of eye drop for your specific symptoms. Antihistamine Eye Drops Function Antihistamine eye drops function by blocking histamine, a substance your body produces during an allergic reaction. Histamine can cause inflammation and itching in the eyes. By blocking this substance, antihistamine eye drops help reduce these symptoms, providing immediate relief. Decongestant Eye Drops Function Decongestant eye drops function by constricting the blood vessels in the eyes. This helps reduce redness and swelling caused by allergic reactions. While decongestant eye drops don't treat itching, they can effectively relieve redness and make your eyes appear less irritated. Remember, these drops are best for short-term use and may not be suitable for long-term allergy management. How Can Allergy Eye Drops Provide Relief? Allergy eye drops provide relief by addressing the root cause of eye allergy symptoms. They can block the action of histamine, reduce inflammation, or constrict blood vessels in the eyes. By doing so, they help relieve symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, and watery eyes. Best allergy eyedrops can provide itchy, watery, and red eye relief. They are available in several types, including antihistamine, decongestant, and multi-action eye drops. The choice of eye drop will depend on your specific symptoms and medical history. Moreover, allergy eye drops are generally safe to use under the guidance of a healthcare provider. As with any medication, it is important to use the drops as directed to avoid any potential side effects or complications. Always consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or if your symptoms persist despite using the drops. What Are the Side Effects and Risks of Allergy Eye Drops? While allergy eye drops are generally safe to use, they can cause mild side effects in some people. These can include temporary stinging or burning sensation, blurred vision, or eye redness. More severe reactions are rare but may include severe eye pain, vision changes, or persistent eye redness and irritation. Common Side Effects The common side effects of allergy eye drops include temporary stinging upon application, mild eye irritation, and sensitivity to light. These side effects usually subside on their own and do not require medical intervention. However, if these side effects persist or worsen, it is advisable to seek medical attention. Rare Side Effects In rare cases, the use of allergy eye drops can lead to more severe side effects. These can include severe eye pain or discomfort, changes in vision, and persistent eye redness and irritation. If you experience any of these symptoms, discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider immediately. To minimize the risk of side effects, always use allergy eye drops as directed by a healthcare provider. Overuse or misuse can exacerbate symptoms or cause additional problems. It's also recommended to avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface, including the eye, to prevent contamination. And remember, always consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or if your symptoms persist despite using the drops. How to Use Allergy Eye Drops Correctly? Using allergy eye drops correctly is paramount to ensuring their effectiveness and minimizing the risk of side effects. The basic steps include washing your hands, tilting your head back, pulling down your lower eyelid, and carefully applying the drops without touching the dropper to your eye. Preparation and Application Before using allergy eye drops, it's essential to wash your hands to avoid introducing bacteria into your eyes. Tilt your head back slightly and look up. Pull down the lower eyelid to create a small 'pocket'. Hold the dropper over the eye with the tip down. Look up and away from the dropper and squeeze out a drop. Close your eyes for a minute. Precautions During Use Avoid touching the dropper tip to your eye or any other surface to prevent contamination. Don't blink excessively after application, as this could dilute the medication. If you are using other eye medications, wait at least five minutes before applying the next medication. After application, keep your eyes closed for a couple of minutes. Do not rinse the dropper, simply replace the cap and store in a cool, dry place. If you're wearing contact lenses, it's recommended to remove them before applying the drops and wait at least 15 minutes before reinsertion. Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the instructions on the product label. Live Allergy-Free with Wyndly If you want long-term relief from your allergies, Wyndly can help. Our doctors will help you identify your allergy triggers and create a personalized treatment plan to get you the lifelong relief you deserve. Start by taking our quick online allergy assessment today! Frequently Asked Questions What is the best allergy medicine for eyes? The best allergy medicine for eyes often depends on the specific symptoms. Over-the-counter options include antihistamine eye drops like Zaditor or Alaway. Prescription eye drops like Pataday or Lastacaft can be used for severe allergies. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting new medication. Is it good to use antihistamine eye drops? Antihistamine eye drops can effectively alleviate symptoms like itching, redness, and watering caused by allergies. However, overuse can lead to increased eye dryness and irritation. It's always best to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the product's packaging. What are the most effective allergy eye drops? The most effective allergy eye drops are often prescription-strength, like Pataday, Alomide, or Zaditor. Over-the-counter options, like Visine-A or Opcon-A, can also provide relief. The best choice depends on individual symptoms and the severity of the allergic reaction, so consult your healthcare provider. Is Zaditor or Pataday better? Both Zaditor and Pataday are effective for relieving allergy eye symptoms. Zaditor provides relief within minutes and lasts up to 12 hours. Pataday, on the other hand, is once-daily use and provides full-day relief. Choice depends on individual preference, symptom severity, and physician's advice. Are there side effects from allergy eye drops? Yes, there may be side effects from allergy eye drops. These can include temporary stinging or burning, blurred vision, eye redness, eye discomfort, dryness of the eyes, and eyelid swelling. However, not everyone experiences these side effects and they are usually temporary. What happens if you use too much antihistamine eye drops? Excessive use of antihistamine eye drops can lead to problems like eye irritation, dryness, blurred vision, or increased sensitivity to light. It may also cause systemic side effects such as dizziness, headache, increased heart rate, and changes in blood pressure. Always follow the recommended dosage instructions. What are the symptoms of an allergy to eye products? Allergy to eye products can cause symptoms like redness, itching, and swelling in and around the eyes. Other signs include watering or tearing, sensitivity to light, a gritty feeling in the eyes, and sometimes, blurriness. Discomfort typically occurs shortly after applying the product. How do you know if you're allergic to antibiotic eye drops? If you're allergic to antibiotic eye drops, you might experience symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, or pain in or around the eyes. More severe reactions can include difficulty breathing or hives. If you notice these symptoms after using the drops, contact a healthcare professional immediately.

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2024-12-05T18:30:41Z

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Cats are mysterious creatures, and this is one of the reasons why many pet owners love them. Behaviorally, cats are very unpredictable, and they do many quirky things when they are oscillating between states of aloofness, alertness and affection. One of these quirky behavioral states, that has been popularized through internet memes and viral videos, is called the ‘cat loaf’. Cat loafing, also known as tugboating, is defined as a sitting position where a feline tucks its paws and/or tail under its body, which makes it look like a loaf of bread. Wild cats such as mountain lions and servals tend to ‘cat loaf’ sometimes, but this sitting position is very common amongst domesticated cats. The ‘Cat Loaf’ has many variations, which include the ‘Sphinx’ (where only the back-paws are tucked under the feline’s body, akin to the Sphinx in Egypt), the ‘Meatloaf’ (where the cat will lean forward, hunch it’s back and direct its head towards the ground), the ‘Partial loaf’ (where the paws are only partially tucked under the cat’s body) and the ‘Bagel’ (where the feline is curled up sideways while being in a loafing position). Each position indicates a different level of alertness or relaxation. So, why do cats sit like a loaf? Whilst there is no clear scientific explanation for cat loafing, researchers and veterinarians have speculated that cat loafing can signalize: 1. A state of relaxation Most variations of the cat loaf are not defensive positions from where a cat can launch into an attack or defend itself. The skeletal structure of cats allows them to relieve pressure from their paws, legs and abdominal area while loafing. A loafing position also indicates that a feline feels unthreatened and relaxed. 2. The need to stay warm Cats have a higher internal body temperature than humans, hence even a slight reduction in external temperatures can make them feel chilly and trigger their loafing tendencies. Their limbs and extremities also lose heat quickly, so keeping them tucked in encourages thermoregulation. If your furry friend covers its nose with its paws, it’s a telltale sign that it is feeling cold. The loafing position is great for heat retention and it allows cats to maintain a comfortable body temperature without any movement. If your cat loafs on a regular basis to stay warm, foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids will be essential to keep its fur healthy and strong. 3. An intent to pounce All loafing positions are not equal. There are loafing positions that actually indicate that a feline is ready to pounce on its target. One such position is called the ‘Attack loaf’, and it is characterized by an outward pointing tail and extended front paws. The feline may rest its head on its front paws and elevate its hind legs slightly to prepare for a jump. The cat could be in a playful mood or an aggressive one, but either way, this is not worrisome at all and it’s perfectly normal for animals that are healthy, engaged and happy. 4. Discomfort or illness It can be difficult to determine areas of pain, illnesses or discomfort in a cat, as they are adept at hiding their injuries. However, one of the most reliable indicators of sickness or discomfort is the ‘Meatloaf’ or the ‘Face loaf’ position. Cats who sit in this position often suffer from limb pain due to injuries, ingrown nails and over-grooming, which may also lead to ‘Partial loafing’; sick cats also tend to sit in hunched positions, while being perched up on their toes. A ‘Meatloaf’ position may also symptomize chronic kidney or liver disease, as the feline may be hunching and keeping its head down to relieve abdominal pain. Your cat is most probably in a comfortable loafing position if: - Its paws are completely tucked underneath its body. - Its head remains upright while it’s awake. - Its ears are upright and not twitching. - It blinks slowly while it’s awake. - Its whiskers are calm and away from its face. - Its tail is surrounded or tucked underneath its body. - It purrs affectionately to show that it feels safe. - It sits in a state of inaction, without looking very lethargic. Generally speaking, cat loafing is not something to be worried about. Just like how humans prefer to sit or sleep in specific positions, cats may also have preferred sitting or sleeping positions. Thus, habitual loafing is not necessarily a cause for concern. But, if a loafing position happens to be one of its preferred sitting or sleeping positions, it is always better to help them feel more comfortable by investing in a quality pet bed. However, if you observe the following patterns while your feline is loafing, it will be best to seek medical attention immediately. - Your cat is loafing on a cold, uncomfortable surface. - Your cat is hiding from you. - Your cat is not eating regularly and has litter box issues. - Your cat is limping and vocalizing its pain. - Your cat is experiencing lethargy, weakness and breathing difficulties. - Your cat is predominantly keeping its eyes shut. - Your cat is trembling or shivering, even after the temperature rises in its environment. - Your cat is suffering from dehydration and its water intake is fluctuating on a regular basis Seeking medical attention promptly will prevent unnecessary health complications for your furry friend. With Zumvet, you can get prompt medical advice from licensed vets. If you happen to be preoccupied, you can also easily book a video call or schedule a house vet visit and it can be used to obtain behavioral or general wellness advice for your pets as well. As mentioned earlier, cats are highly adept at concealing signs of illness and injury and it’s rare for them to vocalize pain and discomfort. Thus, it’s important to be proactive and pay attention to the telltale signs mentioned above. Nipping subtle health issues in the bud early on can prevent major complications and increase your cat’s lifespan. May you and your furry friend always enjoy good health and great vitality.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

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2024-12-05T19:56:31Z

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On 15th October 1624 the city leaders of Malines (in French, called Mecheln) in Belgium refused the establishment in their town of the Irish Augustinians, who had bought a house in order to found a convent for their own use as a centre of safety. After the bitter persecution by Oliver Cromwell (which began in 1649) the Irish Province opened a refuge in Rome in 1656 where their house of theology still exists. Their church, St. Patrick's, is now the national Irish church in the eternal city. One Irish Augustinian, William Tirry O.S.A., was arrested while celebrating Mass at Clonmel, Ireland in 1654, and executed. He was one of the seventeen Irish persons that the Pope beatified (i.e., declared to be "Blessed") in the year 1992. William Tirry was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1608. He entered the Order when he was 18 years old and did his studies at Valladolid, Paris and Brussels. Following ordination to the priesthood he returned to Ireland as a member of the Augustinian community in Cork, a city which became predominantly Protestant with the war of 1641. Following the arrival of Cromwell in Ireland in August, 1649, and the outlawing of priests throughout the country, William was forced to exercise his ministry in secret. He was betrayed while about to celebrate the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday, 1654, and was taken to the prison at Clonmel. His crime: being a priest in Ireland! He was offered his freedom if he would renounce his Catholic faith, but he refused. Accused of treason, the court, under pressure of the military, declared him guilty. He was led to the gallows dressed in his Augustinian habit and, from the place of execution, pardoned those who had betrayed him. He asked absolution if there should be a priest in the crowd, thinking that a fellow Augustinian, Fr. Dennis O'Driscoll, the former provincial whose secretary William had been, was present. The day was May 12, 1654. His body was interred at the Augustinian Abbey in Fethard. William was beatified by John Paul II on September 27, 1992 together with sixteen other Irish martyrs. In the wake of the Reformation in seventeenth-century Ireland, aspirants to the priesthood, whether diocesan or religious, were often ordained before beginning their study of arts (philosophy) and theology. As ordained priests, students would be able to accept Mass stipendsWith stole fees received as well as stole fees, the priest-students could provide funds for their upkeep. Obviously the custom ran counter to the legislation of the Council of Trent, but such legislation did not and could not be expected to extend to countries like where the Catholic religion was proscribed by the State. In about 1675, an Irish Augustinian became the first English-speaking member of the Order to work in North America. Trained in philosophy and theology in the Augustinian Province of Andalusia in Spain, John Facundus Skerret O.S.A. first remained in Spain to teach theology at Cadiz, and then returned to Ireland. He was the Augustinian Prior (religious superior) at Galway for at least the years 1662-1664. He then ministered in what is now the U.S. state of Virginia. He was forced to leave there in 1680 during the animosity generated against Catholics because of the Gunpowder plot in England. With his facility with the Spanish language, Skerret then moved to Puerto Rico, and later served at the Canary Islands. In the meantime, Augustinians in Ireland were living under any guise that allowed them to escape detection. An address to parliament in 1703 reported that "regulars (i.e., members of religious orders) concealed themselves under the guise of physicians and other professions. They easily obtain leave to reach as schoolmen." One ingenious Augustinian was the colourful character, Edmund Byrne. By day he was disguised as a soldier and known as the swashbuckling 'Colonel Byrne,' and by night he was a priest offering Mass and the sacraments. It was he who first rented the John's Lane Mass site in 1700 (not the present Augustinian property, but near it). He was in exile in France in 1705, but back in his homeland as the Irish Augustinian Provincial from 1717 to 1724. A Provincial Chapter was held in Ireland (probably in Dublin) in 1703, and documented that there were eighty Augustinians in Ireland. A list in 1722 nominated that there were at least seventy-eight Irish Augustinians then on the Continent for study or for other reasons. It is an extraordinary fact that this period of persecution produced more vocations (applications) to the Order than any other time. The Provincial in 1725 wrote that, because of lack of any more space in Augustinian seminaries on the Continent, he had to decline accepting "sixteen who offered themselves" to the Order in Ireland. Photos (at right)Picture 1: St Augustine's Church, in the main street of Cork, Ireland. Picture 2: Augustinian churct, Grantstown, Ireland. Picture 3: Augustinian church, Limerick, Ireland. In 1692 the Augustinian Prior General had commented that Augustinian candidates from Ireland were "for the most part young men from noble families." In truth, these sons of landowners and merchants would have been the ones with educational opportunity, including previous exposure to the learning of the Latin language. As well, these probably were the only families who could afford financially to send their sons to the Continent for the numerous required years of education for priesthood, which was a calling that was held in very high respect by the general population of Ireland. Some of these young priests returned to Ireland at the risk of their lives. A small number of them suffered martyrdom. In the eighteenth century aspirants also came from the less wealthy farming class and from the growing towns and cities. Dublin in particular was a fruitful source of vocations to priesthood and religious life. Some Irish Augustinians laboured for about half a century in Newfoundland, beginning in 1756. Some even with great courage managed to enter England and Scotland at different times in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, but were unable to re-establish any Augustinian communities there. In 1751 an Irish Augustinian, Augustine Cheevers O.S.A., was made Bishop of Ardagh, Ireland and served there under the harsh Penal Laws until 1756. He was then transferred to the Diocese of Meath, and died there on 18th August 1778. Another Irish Augustinian, William Gahan O.S.A. (1732-1804), wrote and published during the difficult time of the penal laws. His Sermons and Moral Discourses had been reprinted seven times by the year 1873. As well he wrote about fifteen other instructional books about the Catholic Church, its beliefs, history, devotions and practices of piety. His Manual of Catholic Devotions was used in revised form by the armed forces during World War II. Gahan had studied at Louvain, Belgium to the doctorate level. In 1761 he began parish work in Dublin. He was once jailed for refusing to break the seal of sacramental Confession. Twice he was Provincial of the Order in Ireland. After centuries in hiding, the Order in Ireland became stronger after some toleration of religious liberty by the Emancipation Act of 1828. During the rest of that nineteenth century, Augustinian communities were set up once again in a few of the twenty towns where they previously had existed. Over the years these Irish Augustinian communities in the late nineteenth century gained enough candidates and became sufficiently established to receive successively from the Curia of the Order in Rome full recognition as an official house of the Order. (In Latin, this was a domus formata - a house formed according to all requirements and regulations of the Church and the Order). Augustinians from Ireland brought the Order back to England and formed a community at Hoxton in London in 1864. In 1862 there began the construction of a great church at Saint John's Lane in Dublin, which was completed externally in 1895 and internally in 1911. In 1878 Irish candidates to the Order were sufficient to open a house of study in Orlagh, near Dublin. In 1883 there were fifty-three priests in the Irish Province, and the responsibility was accepted to staff a vicariate in North Queensland, Australia. A similar responsibility was taken on regarding the north of Nigeria in Africa in 1938. The houses in Australia became a separate Province of Australia in 1952. Those in England and Scotland became a Vice-Province of Ireland in 1951, and a separate Province in 1977. The houses in Nigeria became a Vice-Province in 1997 and a separate Province of Nigeria in 2001.The Irish Province has more than a dozen communities in Ireland, and a community overseas at Saint Patrick's Church (Rome, Italy) - see link below. Some of its members still minister in Augustinian ministries in Australia, Ecuador and Nigeria, and a number of individuals have special ministries elsewhere. St Patrick’s in Rome. Web site of the Irish Augustinians, who have conducted a house in Rome since the year 1656. http://www.stpatricksrome.com/irish_augustinians.asp Former Augustinian Priory, Callan. Excellent photographs by Brian T McElherton. (Note that many other Augustinian friaries on this web site did not involve the Order of St Augustine, but the more numerous Canons Regular of St Augustine.) http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/kilkenny/callan/callan_priory.html Former Augustinian Friary, Adare. Founded in County Limerick in 1316, but now a Church of Ireland. Excellent photographs by Brian T McElherton. (Note that many other Augustinian friaries on this webite did not involve the Order of St Augustine, but the more numerous Canons Regular of St Augustine.) http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/limerick/adare/adare_augustinian.html Fetherd. Photographs and historical details of Holy Trinity Augustinian Priory, (Note that many other Augustinian friaries on this webite did not involve the Order of St Augustine, but the more numerous Canons Regular of St Augustine.) http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/tipperary/fethard/fethardpriory.html (See also http://www.flickr.com/photos/moli516/2903763611 The Low Lane Church: The Story of the Augustinians in Drogheda. By Patrick N. Duffner O.S.A., Augustinian Fathers, Drogheda, 1979.

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2024-12-06T20:16:08Z

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Browse Exhibits (2 total) Richard Nixon is one of America’s most recognizable presidents. But, unlike the other few who share this title, Nixon is often not remembered for his work as a politician. Ask anyone who Richard Nixon is and they might say, “That’s the Watergate guy, right?” While he was indeed guilty of illegal activities and deserves many of the harsh criticisms historians and the public have placed upon his legacy, Nixon ran successful campaigns for Congress and twice for President in an era when American politics and its relationship to the public was experiencing a major shift. What surprises many, “Nixon, son of a western farmer and grocery-store owner, had struggled his way up, working through college, living sparely in a garage apartment. His story reflected the idealized ‘American Dream,’” resembling many aspects of Abraham Lincoln’s rise. Nixon sometimes referred to Lincoln in his speeches. First serving in Congress (in both the House and the Senate), then as Vice President to Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon had a successful career. Despite his early success, his public image began to falter starting with the first televised presidential debates during the 1960 election. Richard Nixon appeared disheveled and sweaty, his opponent John F. Kennedy was more “camera ready.” Young and energetic Kennedy defeated the experienced Nixon by a slim margin. He then unsuccessfully ran for governor of California in 1962 against incumbent Pat Brown. Finally, in 1968, amid an intensified Vietnam War, heated protests at the Democratic National Convention, and the assassination of two influential public figures (Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy), Richard Nixon defeated Hubert Humphrey for president. He ran for reelection in 1972 defeating opponent Georger McGovern in a landslide. Unfortunately, shortly after his election, the Nixon administration began cover-ups for the break in at the DNC headquarters in Washington D.C. In 1974, after an FBI investigation and an intense court battle, Richard Nixon resigned the presidency. Richard Nixon is a nuanced figure in American history who, like the Founding Fathers and those assassinated shortly after reelection, is reduced to a one-dimensional figure (although Nixon is remembered for his faults rather than his successes). By focusing on his initial campaign and his bid for reelection, we look beyond the scandal-doer and highlight a few distinct aspects of the work and successful campaigns of the 37th president, Richard M. Nixon. A sample ballot for the 1968 election marks the starting point of the exhibit and gives a general background to the time. We then turn local, showcasing a photograph of Richard Nixon in Springfield. The posters - for the 1972 election and "Coolness" - and the button collection serve to highlight issues that have always haunted Nixon: The public's views on his person and a slightly paranoid handling of the press. The "War on Drugs"-pamphlet retells one aspect of Nixon's politics that would prove very long-lasting. We conclude the exhibit with a look at the eventually unfortunate duo "Nixon/Agnew", as neither of them end up leaving office gracefully. It is necessary for jobs to integrate their employees into the workplace, its rules and regulations, and its culture. Depending on a job and its requirements, there are a variety of ways—some more involved than others—in which workers can become accustomed to or a part of workplace practices. Recording such methods in an archive allows for the recognition of the diversity of these practices and how they have shifted over time. This collection represents papers and documentation that welcome and orientate individuals to the workforce. Included in this collection are orientation documents that establish the Andersen Consulting dress code in the 1990s. This dress code details the standards of appearance and dress for women working for Andersen Consulting. Next is a stock (share) of ownership in the Boston Celtics from the late 1980s. This stock was available for purchase in the gift shop of the Boston Garden, and is a true share of ownership for the Celtics. Third is a license given to an individual to welcome them to the Aiken County Sheriff's Department. This particular license is for the Detention Division of the Aiken County Sheriff’s Department, which covers Aiken’s detention center. The fourth and final item in this collection is a program for the inauguration of the Illinois Senate from January 2023. This program lists all the Senators of the 103rd Illinois General Assembly. Basketball Reference. “Boston Celtics Franchise Index.” Accessed November 7th, 2024. https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/BOS/. Charles Schwab. “What Are Stocks.” Accessed November 8th, 2024. https://www.schwab.com/stocks/understand-stocks. Keck, Patrick M. “State legislators sworn in, 103rd Illinois General Assembly begins.”The State Journal Register (Springfield, IL), Jan 12, 2023. https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/politics/state/2023/01/12/state-legislators-sworn-in-103rd-illinois-general-assembly-begins/69798849007/. Lang, Robert M. “The Hidden Dress Code Dilemma.” The Clearing House 59, no. 6 (1986): 277–79. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30186540.

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2024-12-06T20:07:32Z

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You are cruising down the road, everything seems fine, and then it happens. Maybe it’s a strange noise when you hit the brakes, a weird vibration, or a sudden, terrifying moment when your car doesn’t slow down as it should. Braking problems can catch even the most diligent drivers off guard, turning an ordinary drive into a nerve-wracking experience. Ignoring these issues isn’t just a risk to your vehicle; it’s a danger to both your safety and that of others on the road. Properly functioning brakes can mean the difference between a safe stop and a dangerous accident. In this article, we will discuss the critical braking problems you should never overlook, helping you recognize the signs early and take action before a minor issue turns into a major catastrophe. Here is an in-depth look at eleven braking issues that require your immediate attention. Vehicles often communicate problems through sound. When it comes to brake safety, unusual noises are a red flag. If you hear a high-pitched squeal when you apply the brakes, it usually indicates that the brake pads are worn out. Most brake pads have a built-in wear indicator that emits a squealing noise when it’s time for a replacement. Ignoring this noise can lead to further wear and damage to other components of the braking system. A grinding noise suggests that the disc brake pads are so worn that the brakes’ metal parts are rubbing against each other. This not only reduces braking efficiency but can also cause significant damage to the brake rotors. If you hear grinding, it’s crucial to have your brakes inspected and repaired immediately to prevent further damage and ensure your vehicle’s safety. Clicking noises can indicate that the brake pads are loose or improperly installed. It might also point to issues with the brake caliper or other components. Ensure all parts are correctly installed and functioning for effective braking performance. Brake fluid is the lifeblood of your hydraulic braking system. If you notice any puddles or stains under your vehicle, inspect for leaks. Leaking brake fluid can lead to brake failure, as it reduces the hydraulic pressure needed to engage the brakes effectively. A brake pedal that feels mushy or goes down further than usual before engaging the brakes is a serious problem. This softness can indicate air in the brake lines, low brake fluid (which could be due to a leak – see previous point!), or a failing master cylinder. In any case, a soft brake pedal significantly reduces your braking power, increasing stopping distances and posing a safety hazard. If your brake pedal feels soft, avoid pumping the brakes repeatedly – this can worsen the issue. Instead, get your car to a mechanic as soon as possible. They can identify the cause of the issue and perform the necessary repairs to restore proper braking function. If your car pulls to one side when you apply the brakes, it’s a warning sign that something is amiss. This pulling could be caused by several factors, including: Uneven braking can reduce stopping efficiency and make it difficult to maintain control of your vehicle. If your car pulls to one side when braking, don’t ignore it. Have a mechanic inspect your brakes to identify the underlying cause of the pulling. Correcting the issue can improve braking performance and vehicle control. A burning odor after applying your brakes, especially after heavy braking downhill, can indicate overheating brakes. This can happen due to worn-out pads, a seized caliper, or even overloading your vehicle. While a slight burning smell occasionally might not be a major cause for concern, persistent or strong burning odors are a definite warning sign. Overheating can reduce braking efficiency and cause damage to brake components. If you notice a burning smell, pull over in a safe location and allow your brakes to cool down. If the smell persists, have your brakes inspected by a professional to identify and address the issue. Brake pads wear down over time with friction. Most pads have a wear indicator that produces a squealing noise when they reach the end of their lifespan. Ignoring this warning and continuing to drive with worn-out pads can lead to metal-on-metal contact, damaging the rotors and significantly compromising braking performance. Regularly inspect your brake pads and replace them when they show signs of wear. This will prevent damage to other components and maintain optimal braking performance. If your steering wheel vibrates when you apply the brakes, it’s a strong indication of warped brake rotors. Brake discs can become uneven due to overheating, excessive wear, or even improper resurfacing during a previous brake job. Vibrations while braking can reduce stopping power and make it difficult to maintain control of your vehicle. If you experience a vibrating steering wheel when braking, it’s important to have your brake discs replaced or resurfaced by a qualified mechanic. Most modern cars have a dashboard light that illuminates to indicate problems with the braking system. Never ignore this light, as it can signal various problems, including low brake fluid, a malfunctioning ABS system, or even brake failure. If your brake warning light comes on, take the following measures: Consult a professional mechanic: Get your vehicle to a mechanic for proper diagnosis and repair. A pulsing or vibrating brake pedal can indicate a problem with the brake rotors or ABS (Anti-lock Braking System). Uneven rotors can cause a pulsing sensation in the pedal as the high spots on the rotor make more contact with the brake pads, creating a grabbing effect. This is then followed by a slight release as the lower spots come into contact. Worn or uneven brake pads can also contribute to pedal pulsing. Ignoring a pulsating brake pedal can worsen rotor warping and lead to decreased braking performance. So, have your brake rotors and pads inspected and replaced if necessary. The most critical braking problem to never ignore is complete or even partial brake failure. This can happen due to serious issues like: If you press the brake pedal and the car doesn’t slow down as expected, this is an extremely dangerous situation. Do not attempt to continue driving. Use your emergency parking brake to slow down the vehicle as safely as possible while finding a way to safely come to a complete stop on the side of the road. Once stopped, call a professional to inspect and repair your brakes before attempting to drive it again. While not as immediately noticeable as some other problems, corrosion and rust on your braking system components can also lead to malfunctions. Excessive rust on brake calipers can hinder their ability to move freely, causing uneven braking pressure and reduced braking performance. Corrosion on brake lines can weaken them and increase the risk of leaks. If you notice any significant rust buildup on your brakes, have them checked by a mechanic to determine if repairs or replacements are necessary. Ignoring brake problems can lead to severe safety risks and costly repairs. Understanding the signs of brake issues and taking preventive measures can help maintain your vehicle’s braking system in optimal condition. Regular maintenance and timely repairs are crucial to ensuring your safety and the safety of others on the road. Be sure to use quality brake components from reputable manufacturers and suppliers like Varsani Brake Linings. Don’t wait until it’s too late! Contact us today to take charge of your vehicle’s health.

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2024-12-06T19:00:45Z

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IS MOTHER NATURE A BEAST OF TERROR SENDING A SIGNAL TO ALL TERRORISTS THAT SHE'S IN CHARGE OF BALANCE? ZERO PLUS 1204 DAYS,--New York, NY, Wednesday, December 29, 2004--The violent lash of Mother Nature's wrath has forced a cease fire between Sumatra "terrorists" and government forces. of Sumatra was one of the jewels of vacation spots Sumatra is part of Indonesia, a collection of islands nestled next to Thailand and Southeast Asia renowned for its rich soil, spices, coffee and volcanoes. It is also one of the jewels for vacationers seeking idyllic environments. And, it is a hotbed of alleged terrorism. In 1950 the new government of Indonesia, formerly called the Dutch West Indies, created ten provinces on the island of Sumatra that stretch 1100 miles long and 270 wide and boasts a population of 40 million. The province at the northern tip of the island is called Aceh, a predominately Islamic group of people with deep Malaysian roots. When Indonesia's government tried to abolish the provinces and fold them into one national authority, Aceh resisted and sought its independence. In 1959 the government offered Aceh special territorial privileges to assuage the defiance of the people, but then decided to crush of the Free Aceh Movement Rebels seeking independence engaged Indonesian troops and a war zone was created. In 1976 the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) was officially launched to represent the demands of the rebel forces. Failed attempts to effect peace resulted in major human rights violations and more than 7,000 deaths--some through brutal torture. In retaliation to GAM's attempts to seek world opinion and sympathy the Indonesian government banned all foreign journalists and aid to the province, virtually cutting it off from global contact. Constant attacks and ambushes by government forces, plus assassinations of top GAM leaders have been fruitless to bring the resistance to its knees. But the tsunami disaster may have opened a closed door. Aceh is the closest populated area to the epicenter of the undersea earthquake that brought waves towering some 200 feet to smash civilization on the island. It is estimated that when the final body count has been established, there will be more than 80,000 dead. Sumatra is a paradise-based island. The equator cuts through its middle and creatures such as tigers, elephants, black gibbons and orangutangs roam the jungles. High mountains march up the island creating a stark contrast between the sea, jungle and towering peaks. The highest mountain in Sumatra is Kerinci jutting up some 12,484 feet. But spoiling this virtual Eden is the Beast of Terror. Prior to the tsunami, rebel and government forces were locked in fierce combat, with any aid and supplies to Aceh halted in an attempt to force concessions Mother Nature trumped both Mother Nature trumped both the Indonesian government and the Aceh rebels Her devastation has caused both sides to issue a cease fire to allow needed supplies, aid and emergency workers access to the "combat zone." The battle for Aceh isn't over because of the cease fire. Its website warns that Indonesian troops may divert any aid for Aceh and calls upon the world community to monitor relief work to insure materials are being distributed fairly. The average observer might see Three Beasts of Terror in this scenario. One is the Indonesian government, alleged to inflict horrible tortures, executions and mass deaths upon non-combatants. A few years ago Indonesian troops were found guilty of such atrocities. Aceh rebels have been equally accused of such atrocities against the Indonesian troops. Watchdog human rights groups investigating both sides have found violations against the government and GAM. The third Beast is Mother Nature herself. While government and rebel forces slash and fight at each other, killing with indiscriminate ferocity, Mother Nature assaults Aceh. Just 90 miles from the epicenter, one might wonder if Nature herself might be sending a message about violence, death and destruction. The sad story of the tourist standing in the water holding his six-month-old when the waves hit and having the child ripped from his arms by the undertow, may stand equal to the horrors of human depravity in the GAM vs. Indonesian government battle. Some might argue the difference is that Mother Nature has no "will" to injure while human beings premeditate their actions and are morally responsible for what they do while Mother Nature is absolved of any sins. But then there is the nagging question about the purpose of Mother Nature. Many claim that Mother Nature's primary role is "balance." When the earth becomes too populated, Mother Nature will control that overabundance of human life with pestilence, howling winds, ice ages and other forms of population reducing elements she is historically known to perform. Those who study the Ice Age know that the earth has its way of erasing everything and Mother Nature's actions could be construed to effect "balance" on the Could it be that there is some ingrained notion of "will" within Mother Nature to effect "balance" on this earth despite all the attempts by human beings to try and control nature? It would be easy to discount Mother Nature's actions as an "act of God" and dispel any notion that there was an "intent" on her part to reduce life and bring balance back. But those who refute such an idea must also refute that the universe is on a mission, that it has been specifically designed by certain forces, natural or spiritual, to achieve a goal. Recent studies of the universe note that it is elastic, shifting its shape as it morphs and moves through time and space toward---????? That which has a destination can be considered to also have a will. How "free" that will is to divert and alter its course is up for grabs. Human beings have a free will to alter their destiny. Instead of achieving peace and harmony, humans can engage in war and violence and deevolve rather than evolve. Humans can be overweight and gluttons in one part of the world while other humans in another sector starve. Free will allows humans the right to chose what step he or she will take next in life, or, to simply surrender to life and become a non-entity, a twig floating down a sea of conformity. But then, isn't that what Mother Nature does? Isn't she unpredictable? Terrorism doesn't mess with Mother Nature's Beast In the blink of an eye as storm can change directions or appear suddenly out of no where. She can belch her entrails into the sky or open crevices under the sea in undetected ways that leave a man and his six-month-old child standing unaware in the warm surf blind to the fact that Mother Nature's Beast of Terror is about to alter all balance for a moment. There may be some cosmic reasoning behind the fact that Aceh is the hardest hit of all from the tsunami. Perhaps Mother Nature wanted to tell the world in a very subtle way that when it comes to Terrorism, no one can equal her wrath. Perhaps she wanted the world to know that if Terrorism wants to challenge Mother Nature, she will remove us all, one tsunami at a time. are needed to support the VigilanceVoice. Send $1 or more, either through PayPal below, or in cash or check. You can also help by investing in a local ad in your community paper promoting the Principles of Vigilance and how to overcome Go to Donation Page For More Information

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http://www.bodybagcatholic.com/archives/041229.shtml

2024-12-06T20:20:15Z

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Should we artists – designers and manufacturers of digital art – know more about brain science? Maybe we should. The recent discovery of neuroplasticity – the brain’s capacity for rapidly rewiring itself through interactive processes – offers new and powerful perspectives on the way in which the digitally enabled and technology dense environment affects our brains and our cognitive abilities. If you want to see an intelligence that has been formed by digital technology, you have only to look in a mirror. The digital revolution has changed the nature of our perceptual processes, and this in turn has changed our conscious experience of the physical world, inducing changes in our cognition and intelligence on a scale that is still unknown. As inhabitants of the modern city we are in constant interaction, both active and passive, with digital technology. Even at home, we are surrounded by screens and digital displays: DVD player, computer, television, cell phone, cooker, clock. But the majority of scientists investigating cognition still refer to the ‘real world’ as a constant, an axiom, unchanged through time, ignoring the fact that the present-day real world, saturated by the latest technologies, differs fundamentally from that of even a decade ago. The new science of neuroplasticity is teaching us that the brain can no longer be regarded as a fixed, closed, passive receiver of information from the senses – a mere processor for the information that is controlling our body through a kind of one-way communication. We are now seeing the recognition of growing scientific evidence that the brain is in fact almost nakedly open to external influences, and is capable of rapid and radical change by remodelling itself through learning and interaction with the environment. What should concern us is the peculiar vulnerability of our brain to the influence of electronic media. As Doidge (2007) notes: “It is the form of the television medium – cuts, edits, zooms, pans and sudden noises – that alters the brain, by activating what Pavlov called the ‘orienting response’, which occurs whenever we sense a sudden change in the world around us, especially a sudden movement. […] The response is physiological..." The truth is that our intelligence is being constantly remanufactured by our exposure to, and interaction with, commercially motivated artefacts. Our consent to this process was never sought, because it did not have to be sought; mostly, we were unaware of the existence of the process. So how does this affect the artist? This new understanding of cognitive processes is warning us that experiencing art, and especially electronic art, or technology-enabled art, is far from being an innocently entertaining or aesthetically pleasing experience extending for a limited period of time. The disturbing evidence of neuroplasticity raises the possibility that experiencing particular forms of art may itself affect and mark our cognition – perhaps with irreversible and unknown changes? But the news is not all bad; the dramatic shift in neuroscience also brings with it a fascinating opportunity to explore and analyse the effects of electronic media through scientifically informed art, which could give rise to an entirely new art form: neuroplastic art. It may be possible to structure art works according to this new scientific evidence, to fuse scientific knowledge with imagination to exploit the nature of electronic media to create platforms for experiences that have never existed before – and to knowingly remanufacture our own intelligence in benign and desirable ways in the process. (The SHARE Festival, Torino, 2008 http://www.toshare.it/ita/about/conferences )

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http://www.neuroplasticarts.org/2008/05/

2024-12-06T21:05:02Z

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Endogenous neural stem cells exist throughout life and are found in specific niches of human brain. types of the brain. On the other hand, other types of stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells can also serve as a source for neural stem cell production, that hold a great promise for regeneration AZ505 ditrifluoroacetate of the brain. The replacement of neural stem cells, either endogenous or stem cell-derived neural stem cells, into impaired brain is highly expected as a possible therapeutic mean for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, clinical features and current routinely treatments of age-related neurodegenerative diseases are documented. Noteworthy, we presented the promising evidence of neural stem cells and their derivatives in curing such diseases, together with the remaining challenges to achieve the best outcome for patients. for years. In order to generating a satisfactory number of neural stem cells, it is assumed that cell proliferation should be prevalent in the early developmental timing, and that more cells differentiate into a specific cell type during the latter phases. This indicates that there is a high possibility for producing two undifferentiated daughter cells at early stages of development (symmetric division), and later cell division prefers the production of differentiated neurons and glial cells (asymmetric division). Neural stem cells residing in the developing neocortex undertake both symmetrical and asymmetrical divisions throughout their life span. Several pathways that interconnect to control cell proliferation have been well documented. Perhaps the best comprehensive studies are those cell signalling pathways that are triggered by growth factors. All types of neural stem cells are generally responsive to multiple family of growth factors; however, the exact set of growth factors should be exclusively required for neural stem cells at specific stages and could distinguish stage-specific neural stem cells. Early neural stem cells entirely respond to fibroblast growth factor2 (FGF2 or bFGF), and the loss of FGF ligands or FGF receptors results in a significant diminution of neural stem cell proliferation. On the other hand, the late emerging neural stem cells demand either FGF2 or epidermal growth factor for their proliferation. It is noted that cell self-renewal is tightly connected to this growth factor responsive potential. Self-renewal is considered as a pivotal identity of neural stem cells because it is indispensable for the cells to preserve themselves, therefore at least one of the progeny retains similar molecular characteristics to the mother stem cells. It is important to note that while a process of self-renewal occurs, neural stem cells may undergo changes in their abilities to produce different progeny during development. Multipotency To be characterised as a neural stem cell in the CNS, a cell must contain a differentiation potential to give rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes[41,46]. It is noted that neural stem cell plasticity is progressively Mouse monoclonal to His tag 6X restricted as development advances, for example early neural stem cells look like specified a wide range of phenotypes, from anterior to posterior parts of the brain, while late neural stem cells is only restricted to its source. It was offered that adult neural stem cells exist primarily in two areas of the mind, subventricular zone (SVZ) and sub granular zone (SGZ), can be propagated for years. Neural stem cells in the SVZ can differentiate into olfactory neurons, while neural stem cells of SGZ differentiate into granular neurons of the dentate gyrus. However, when transplanting SVZ neural stem cells into dentate gyrus, they differentiate into calbindin-positive granular cells, while transplanting SGZ neural stem cells into the olfactory bulb, tyrosine- and calretinin hydroxylase-positive cells were observed. Furthermore, when transplanted into the developing eyes, hippocampal neural stem cells AZ505 ditrifluoroacetate exhibited several morphological and immunological properties of AZ505 ditrifluoroacetate retinal cells, including photoreceptors. This implies that the fate of adult neural stem cells could be affected by environmental AZ505 ditrifluoroacetate cues. In addition to the effects from environment, cell intrinsic programs also influence cell differentiation capacity. The powerful intrinsic differences, with respect to unique differentiation potential, offers been shown to exist between neural stem cells isolated from different mind areas[50,51]. Molecular markers Many attempts have attempted to define neural stem cells relating to their biological properties and molecular markers. In addition to those biological parameters, a series of immunoreactive antigens could also. - The evaluation of the anti-FD antibody lampalizumab in AMD serves as a prominent example , in which disappointing efficacy assessments led to a halt of phase 3 trials and an abandonment of the program - Additionally, presence of thrombocytopenia prior to initiation of LMWH without previous exposure to heparin support that the combination of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in our patient are more compatible with VITT than heparin induced thrombocytopenia - demonstrated that TLR2 senses -cell loss of life and plays a part in the instigation of autoimmune diabetes - and S - 18; 23e and 21c are recently produced and characterized (S - Hello world! on

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http://www.rawveronica.com/2023/02/02/%EF%BB%BFendogenous-neural-stem-cells-exist-throughout-life-and-are-found-in-specific-niches-of-human-brain/

2024-12-06T19:43:56Z

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Impunity is a measure of the percent of crimes that are not prosecuted, either directly as a percentage or as an index One of the factors affecting immigration is whether the rule of law exists. In cases of crime or threatened crime, will “going to the authorities” be effective? In the scale above, the US was at an intermediate level (64.78 points) and not too different from Guatemala (62.40) or Honduras (65.04) or El Salvador (65.03). Some other countries are much lower, e.g. Sweden (39 points) or the Netherlands (45 points). I find that a bit surprising. Guatemala had a UN anti-corruption commission that was established in 2006 as part of peace accords. It was recently terminated Guatemala notified the United Nations it was terminating a U.N.-backed anti-graft commission on Tuesday, months ahead of schedule, accusing the body of abuses of power, and prompting a swift rebuke from… This will be unfortunate if the demise enables additional corruption or crime. Some discussion if it is reconciliation or letting war criminals go free. A get-out-of-jail-free card for war criminals would be a blow to Guatemala’s anti-impunity movement. Emma Theissen de Molina looked on helplessly as a At least one review suggesting this hasn’t helped in the most recent election. For their next president, Guatemalans must choose between two veteran politicians with shady pasts and alleged ties to organized crime. Not sure of the best ways to improve the situation, but does seem like if we don’t understand root causes of immigration then a “build the wall” approach will be rather naive.

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http://www.wallfolly.com/2019/06/25/impunity-and-immigration/

2024-12-06T20:18:16Z

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Dangerously High Heat Index Expected In CNY Later This Week – But what Is It? As heat and humidity build in CNY, we're hearing about a dangerous heat index by the end of the week, but what is a heat index? NWS says CNY could be in for excessive heat on both Friday and Saturday as maximum heat indices each afternoon in the valleys reach between 100 and 105 degrees. Heat indices in the mid to upper 90s may linger into Sunday. As the tropical moisture surges across the region, we'll feel the oppressive summer heat and humidity and get little relief with occasional showers and thunderstorms. As you see above, the heat index will be dangerously high and unsafe for those who have no way to cooling off. NWS describes the Heat Index (HI) or the "Apparent Temperature" as an accurate measure of how hot it really feels when the Relative Humidity (RH) is added to the actual air temperature. So if it feels like it's 100 degrees, then that's probably the heat index. The most important thing to do in heat like this is to stay hydrated - and that means drinking water, not soft drinks or alcohol because both will work to dehydrate you. CNY will see remnant circulation from Barry. With the influx of tropical moisture, we could see about 2" of rain. We're expecting storms with torrential downpours. There's a concern for locally heavy rainfall that could lead to poor drainage or isolated flash flooding.

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https://961theeagle.com/dangerously-high-heat-index-expected-in-cny-later-this-week-but-what-is-it/

2024-12-06T19:26:27Z

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The business environment can be broadly classified into two categories: macro environment and micro environment. The macro environment consists of factors that are beyond the control of the organization, such as political, economic, social, and technological factors. The micro environment, on the other hand, consists of factors that are within the control of the organization, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, and stakeholders. The macro environment influences the micro environment by shaping the external factors that impact the organization. ✅ AI Essay Writer ✅ AI Detector ✅ Plagchecker ✅ Paraphraser ✅ Summarizer ✅ Citation Generator One of the most significant ways in which the macro environment influences the micro environment is through changes in the economy. Economic factors such as inflation, recession, and interest rates can significantly impact the purchasing power of customers and the profitability of businesses. For instance, during a recession, customers tend to reduce their spending, which affects the sales of businesses. Similarly, high-interest rates and inflation can increase the cost of borrowing and production, which can impact the profitability of businesses. Another way in which the macro environment influences the micro environment is through changes in technology. Technological advancements such as the internet, social media, and e-commerce have transformed the way businesses operate. Organizations that fail to adopt these technologies may find it challenging to remain competitive in the market. For example, the rise of e-commerce has enabled small businesses to reach a wider audience and compete with larger organizations. Political factors such as government regulations, trade policies, and taxation can also significantly impact the micro environment. Changes in regulations and policies can create new opportunities for businesses or limit their operations. For instance, the regulations on data privacy have forced many organizations to invest in cybersecurity and data protection, which has created a new market for companies that offer such services. Social factors such as demographics, cultural values, and lifestyle trends can also influence the micro environment. Changes in demographics such as an aging population or a shift in the workforce can impact the demand for certain products and services. Similarly, changes in cultural values and lifestyle trends can change consumer preferences, which can impact the sales of businesses. In conclusion, the macro environment plays a crucial role in shaping the micro environment of organizations. Changes in economic, technological, political, and social factors can significantly impact the external factors that influence the organization. Businesses that understand and adapt to these changes can remain competitive in the market and thrive in the long run. You can find more Essay Topics in our weekly digest based on the real market data and research from A*Help. Follow us on Reddit for more insights and updates.

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https://academichelp.net/samples/academics/how-the-macro-environment-influences-the-micro-environment.html

2024-12-06T19:46:59Z

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World Health Day 2019 lands on 7 April, with the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring universal health coverage (UHC) as this year’s focus. The choice of theme is fitting given UHC’s prioritization by the current WHO director-general, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. His institution estimates that about 400 million people around the world lack access to essential health services, while 150 million suffer financial catastrophe annually from out-of-pocket expenditure on health services, and another 100 million are pushed below the poverty line. UHC refers to health systems in which every single person has access to the health services they need, when and where they need them, without facing financial hardship. UHC is distinct from “universal health access” in that it goes beyond the availability of free health services to disclose whether or not populations are using the services available to them. Source: World Economic Forum

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://advantech.co.ke/4-radical-shifts-required-to-achieve-universal-health-coverage-worldwide/

2024-12-06T20:48:48Z

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Web hosting refers to a service that allows individuals or businesses to store their website files and data on a server so they can be accessed by users via the internet. Without web hosting, a website will not be accessible to the public, which means that potential customers won’t be able to visit the site and learn more about the business or products/services being offered. What is Web Hosting? Web hosting is a service that provides individuals or businesses with the ability to store their website files and data on a server so they can be accessed by users via the internet. When someone visits a website, their browser sends a request to the server where the website files are stored. The server responds with the requested information, which is then displayed on the user’s screen. The Importance of Web Hosting for Your Website Web hosting plays a crucial role in the success of a website. Here are several reasons why it is essential: - Accessibility: Without web hosting, a website will not be accessible to the public, which means that potential customers won’t be able to visit the site and learn more about the business or products/services being offered. - Speed: Web hosting providers have powerful servers that are optimized for speed, which ensures that websites load quickly, even during peak traffic periods. This is especially important for businesses that rely heavily on their website for sales and customer engagement. - Security: Web hosting providers typically offer security features such as firewalls, malware scans, and regular backups to protect a website from cyber threats. These features help prevent hacking attempts, data breaches, and other security issues that can harm a business. - Reliability: Web hosting providers have backup systems in place to ensure that a website remains available even if their server goes down. This is especially important for businesses that rely heavily on their website for sales and customer engagement. Types of Web Hosting There are three main types of web hosting: shared hosting, dedicated hosting, and cloud hosting. In this type of web hosting, multiple websites share the same server resources. This is the most affordable option, but it can be slow if one of the websites on the server uses up too many resources. Shared hosting is ideal for small businesses or individuals who have basic website requirements and do not expect high traffic volumes. In dedicated hosting, an individual rents an entire server for their website. This provides complete control over the server and its resources, making it ideal for high-traffic websites or websites with complex requirements. Dedicated hosting is more expensive than shared hosting but provides greater flexibility and performance. In cloud hosting, a website’s files are stored on a network of servers located in multiple data centers. This provides scalability and redundancy, making it ideal for businesses that expect their website traffic to fluctuate. Cloud hosting is more expensive than shared hosting but provides greater flexibility and performance. Choosing the Right Web Hosting Plan When choosing a web hosting provider and plan, there are several factors to consider: - Budget: Determine how much you can afford to spend on web hosting annually. Shared hosting plans are typically the most affordable option, while dedicated hosting plans can be more expensive. - Expected Traffic: Consider the amount of traffic you expect your website to receive. If you anticipate a significant increase in traffic, a dedicated hosting plan or cloud hosting plan may be more suitable. - Complexity: Determine the complexity of your website’s requirements. If your website requires specialized features or software, a dedicated hosting plan may be the best option. - Security Needs: Consider the level of security you require for your website. Web hosting providers typically offer various security features, such as firewalls, malware scans, and regular backups. Choose a web hosting provider that offers the security features you need to protect your website from cyber threats. - Reliability Needs: Determine how critical it is for your website to be available 24/7. If your business requires your website to be available during all hours, choose a web hosting provider that offers a reliable uptime guarantee and backup systems. Research: The Impact of Web Hosting on Website Speed According to a study by Google, website speed is a crucial factor in user engagement and conversion rates. The study found that websites that load within three seconds have a 50% lower bounce rate compared to websites that take more than three seconds to load. Additionally, faster loading times can lead to higher conversion rates and revenue for businesses. In conclusion, web hosting is an essential part of having a website. It provides accessibility, speed, security, reliability, and scalability. When choosing a web hosting provider and plan, consider your budget, expected traffic, complexity, security needs, and reliability requirements. By choosing the right web hosting provider and plan, you can ensure that your website is always available, fast, and secure, which can lead to increased sales and better customer engagement.

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https://appsda.com/blog/the-importance-of-web-hosting-for-your-website/

2024-12-06T20:14:31Z

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We see them soaring, searching, riding the thermals looking for lunch. Unlike raptors that hunt live prey, vultures are the clean-up crew, searching for fresh kill. Vultures appear to have excellent immune systems, and can eat carcasses without contracting botulism, anthrax, cholera, or salmonella. There are two species of vultures common in Arizona: the Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) and the slightly smaller Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus). Both have bald heads, red on the Turkey Vulture; gray on the Black Vulture. Vultures are larger than hawks in the area and soar with a distinctive dihedral or V-shaped wing angle. You can distinguish between the two vultures at a distance by wing color. On the Turkey Vulture, the underside of the wings are two-toned with a dark front and a lighter gray to the rear of the wing. Black Vultures have dark wings with white tips. The tail of the Turkey Vulture extends beyond its toes in flight. “Turkey Vultures are majestic but unsteady soarers. Their teetering flight with very few wingbeats is characteristic. Look for them gliding relatively low to the ground, sniffing for carrion, or else riding thermals up to higher vantage points. They may soar in small groups and roost in larger numbers. You may also see them on the ground in small groups, huddled around road kill or dumpsters.” “During the day, Black Vultures soar in flocks, often with Turkey Vultures and hawks. Their flight style is distinctive: strong wing-beats followed by short glides, giving them a bat-like appearance. Look for them along highway margins eating road kill, as well as picking through dumpsters. They roost in groups in trees and transmission towers, typically waiting through the early morning for the air to warm up and for thermals to develop.” The sense of smell of Black Vultures is not quite as highly developed as in Turkey Vultures. Black Vultures often watch the Turkey Vultures so they can join in the hunt for carrion. Black vultures occasionally hunt live prey. According to the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum: “Vultures use cliff faces, tree stumps, caves, and hidden areas on the ground for nesting; neither species builds nests. One to three whitish, blotched eggs are incubated by both parents; the young are fed by both parents by regurgitation. Black Vulture incubation period is 37 to 41 days. Young are capable of flight about 75 to 80 days after hatching. Turkey Vulture incubation period is 34 to 41 days. Young are capable of flight about 60 to 70 days after hatching. When threatened, vultures emit a hissing sound in defense; the Black Vulture regurgitates when confronted. These birds excrete on their legs as a means of cooling themselves. This is called urohydrosis.” ASDM Docents used to handle Turkey Vultures and that last characteristic of theirs was, shall we say, unpopular, especially if the vultures did it when we were holding them. For more details on these birds, see articles from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Turkey Vultures and Black Vultures. The California Condor , the largest bird in North America (wingspan, 109″) is also a vulture. According to Cornell, “The population fell to just 22 birds in the 1980s, but there are now some 230 free-flying birds in California, Arizona, and Baja California with another 160 in captivity.” A note on terminology: vulture versus buzzard “Buzzard” is a colloquial term used in North America to refer to vultures. But in Europe, especially England, and parts of Asia, “buzzard” refers to hawks. When colonists first came to North America, they saw large soaring birds and called them “buzzards.” The name may be derived from “buteo” the genus name of many hawks. Old world vultures evolved from hawks and eagles. They have feathers covering their head and a poor sense of smell. They belong to the family Accipitridae. New world vultures and condors are bald and have a good sense of smell. They are assigned to the family Cathartidae. Both types of vultures are scavengers and together represent an example of convergent evolution, i.e., dissimilar species evolving similar shapes or behavior. In the plant world, convergent evolution is exhibited by certain cacti, agaves, yuccas, and aloes all of which have similar shapes because they evolved to live in arid conditions.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://arizonadailyindependent.com/2014/09/07/vultures-the-clean-up-crew-2/

2024-12-06T20:15:10Z

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Christian Kracht's novel Imperium (2012) is based upon the life of August Engelhardt, a radical cocovore and nudist, who decides to establish a colony of coconuts in German New Guinea before World War I. In the form of a utopia, the novel contains a sharp criticism of German colonial history. In modernism, utopias are representations of paradisiacal places and identified with alternative ways of organizing better societies. Actually, they are improved by the existence of reality itself, which builds the fundamental source of utopias. Thus, they always end up with corruption. This paper focuses on Christian Kracht's novel Imperium (2012) and aims to analyze the novel within the concept of utopian impulses as constitutive elements of utopias. Referring to Fredric Jameson, this study examines the challenge between reality and utopian thinking. This article also shows how utopias end up in destruction.

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https://avesis.istanbul.edu.tr/yayin/fe77372d-46f7-4687-a4a3-19c064ca1df0/the-end-of-utopia-empire-of-coconuts-utopian-impulses-in-christian-krachts-novel-imperium

2024-12-06T21:01:33Z

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Campaigners in Germany have underlined the precarious situation of an astonishing bumblebee species. Experts from the ‘Deutschland summt!’ (Germany is buzzing) initiative said the shrill carder bee was having severe difficulties finding nesting places due to the expansion of agricultural activities. The environmentalists explained that the pollinator also known as Bombus sylvarum is also threatened by excessive mowing. Its existence is considered endangered in several German states including Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. The preferred habitats of the shrill carder bee, which has a wingspan of three centimetres (1.18 inches), are unobstructed meadows with a rich variety of flowers, orchards and the edges of forests. The Bienen Journal magazine emphasises that the bumblebee species is “not a picky eater” as nectar and pollen but also honeydew are viable nutrition sources. Shrill carder bees form communities of up to 150 animals. Their queens measure around queens 17 millimetres (0.69 inches). The pollinator was named Germany’s Wild Bee of the Month in January by ‘Deutschland summt!‘ to raise awareness among citizens. ‘Deutschland summt!’ was established by Stiftung für Mensch und Umwelt, a Berlin-based foundation in 2010. Over the years, the campaigners have managed to get town council decision-makers across the country on board. All of Germany’s 550 solitary bee species are listed as protected species by the country’s conservation of nature regulations. Around half of them are currently regarded as being ‘endangered’ or ‘seriously threatened by extinction.’

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://beenews.newsx.agency/shrill-carder-bee-struggles-to-find-nesting-sites/

2024-12-06T19:09:43Z

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In working with Sunbridge Solar, we’ve built Portland’s premier Zero-Net-Energy Dentist Office! Over 85 solar panels generate enough solar power to offset 100% of our energy use. Each year, it will prevent over 100,000 pounds of CO2 emissions from entering our atmosphere. Belmont Family Dentistry’s Commitment To Sustainability At Belmont Family Dentistry we are committed to sustainability and have chosen solar energy as a means to operate our business responsibly–something that clearly represents our values, our culture, and our practice’s brand. In having a solar-powered dental practice, we have not only changed the way we do business, but we’re also helping the environment and we’re doing what we can to give back to our community. What Does It Mean To Be A Zero-Net-Energy Dentist Office? Zero-net-energy (ZNE) or Net-Zero-Energy (NZE) are terms used interchangeably to refer to a building, like Belmont Family Dentistry, that has zero-net-energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site. The solar panels help us to achieve our goals to reduce carbon emissions and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. How Does It Work? The solar panels absorb sunlight to generate electricity. The panels generate direct current (DC) energy, and a device called an inverter then converts the DC energy into alternating current (AC) power. Essentially, the sun supplies the power for the office, powering everything from the office lights to the equipment used for dental procedures. What power the sun doesn’t provide, the electric company will. For the days we don’t work, Saturdays and Sundays, we’re not using as much electricity and the solar panels are still collecting energy, so we’re able to sell back the excess. Is Solar Energy A Clean Energy Source? According to the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), solar energy is the cleanest renewable energy source currently available. Although hydropower may currently be the cheapest renewable energy source in the U.S., hydropower has more negative environmental impacts than solar. The environmental impacts of hydropower include: - Damming of rivers and streams (which affect animal, fish, and plant habitats and can cause geological damage that leads to earthquakes) - Flooding of large areas of land, which can destroy habitat and force human and animal relocation - Building dams alter the natural water table level and can negatively affect wildlife such as salmon. How Efficient Are Solar Panels? At Belmont Family Dentistry, our solar panels were installed by Sunbridge Solar located in Washougal, Washington. They use only American-made solar panels which are known for their higher quality and power production compared to their international counterparts. Does Solar Work In The Cloudy Pacific Northwest? Though we don’t get as much sun as Arizona or Southern California, our cooler climate and long summer days make solar an excellent option. Like any technology, the hotter it gets the less efficient it becomes and in turn the less power the panel will produce. Our lovely Pacific Northwest rain is actually a benefit to solar. Our solar panels will be cleaned each time it rains enabling it to produce power at its fullest potential.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://belmont-dentistry.com/solar-energy/

2024-12-06T19:25:53Z

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Safety Tips for Summer Fun Fresh air is always the answer, but once we head outside to enjoy the summer weather, we face intense sunlight and/or temperatures, annoying bugs and energized kids who have a tendency to substitute fun for safety. The good news: taking proper precautions can ensure a fun, memorable day in the sun for both you and your family. - Win the Bug Battle: As temperatures rise, bugs come out. Whether dealing with mosquitoes, ticks or chiggers, your best protection is bug spray that’s at least 10 to 30 percent DEET. The higher the percentage, the longer the repellent lasts. This can be mixed with sunscreen and is safe on children as young as 2 months old. - Beat the Heat: The risk of heat illness goes up during exertion and with certain health conditions such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease. “Heat exhaustion symptoms include thirst, fatigue and cramps in the legs or abdomen,” said Dr. Ellison. “Left untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke, which is a medical emergency. Your best protection is to stay hydrated – carry a water bottle, drink fluids regularly and wear loose-fitting clothes.” - Play Safe: Overly active children aren’t the only things to watch out for on the playground. Faulty equipment, playground surfaces and careless behavior can also pose risks. The playground surface should be soft enough to cushion a fall (look for wood chips, sand, pea gravel and rubber – either in shredded tire or rubber mat form), and the equipment needs to be a good distance away from fences. Check metal surfaces to make sure they are not too hot. Look for sharp objects and stay away from ropes that could wrap around your child. Leave the cell phone or iPad at home to ensure no distractions. - Swim Smart: Use the buddy system when swimming, and be sure small children wear life jackets at all times. Water sports and alcohol are never a safe combination. “It’s also easy to get dehydrated because you’re losing water when you’re in the sun and replacing it with alcohol,” says Dr. Mosquera. “It quickly slows your reflexes, creating a dangerous situation on the water.” - Prevent a Cookout Catastrophe: Warmer months mean more family cookouts and picnics but also an increase in foodborne illness due to improper handling techniques. Make sure your food is safe. Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold. Wash all fruits and vegetables. Keep cooked food separate from raw food, cook food thoroughly and refrigerate food promptly. Always be sure your hands are clean.

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https://blog.memorial.health/hot-temps-%E2%80%93-cool-tips-summer-safety-advice-from-memorial-physicians/

2024-12-06T20:37:48Z

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Post contributed by Ira King, Librarian for Disability Studies, and Ciara Healy, Librarian for Psychology & Neuroscience, Mathematics, and Physics. Happy Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD)! May 18th marks the 12th annual celebration of GAAD. This day serves to raise awareness of the need for digital inclusion and accessible web content for people with disabilities. Why does web accessibility matter? People with disabilities have a right to access and enjoy web content and digital objects. Based on data from the World Health Organization, an estimated 1.3 billion people have disabilities, or 1 in 6 people worldwide. According to a WebAIM report from February 2023, 96.3% of the top million homepages on the Internet had accessibility errors based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. The most common accessibility error is low contrast text. Other common errors include missing alternative text for images, empty links, and improperly structured headings (very important for people using screen-readers). Ensuring web pages are accessible makes the Internet a more equitable and inclusive space. How can you ensure your web content is accessible? Duke’s Web Accessibility page is a good starting point. Useful info on this webpage includes Duke’s Web Accessibility Guidelines, How-to pages for creating different types of accessible content, and a list of training sessions on web accessibility. Zeke Graves, a Web Experience Developer at Duke Libraries, wrote a Quick Start Guide to Web Accessibility at Duke Libraries and Beyond that could also be helpful for those starting out in this area. Another expanding area of accessibility and digital inclusion is in video games. You may have watched the HBO adaptation of The Last of Us, but did you know that The Last of Us Part II’s release in 2020 was a landmark moment for accessibility in gaming? Organizations like AbleGamers and websites like Can I Play That? are advocating for a more inclusive gaming landscape. Game developers have also created a list of Game Accessibility Guidelines to make games more accessible for those with disabilities. If you are interested in this topic and want to learn more about accessibility and disability representation in gaming, you may want to check out the 2023 book Gaming Disability: Disability Perspectives on Contemporary Video Games. If you’re around Duke’s campus right now, you can stop by Perkins and Lilly to see the Disability Pride Collection Spotlights.

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https://blogs.library.duke.edu/blog/2023/05/17/celebrating-global-accessibility-awareness-day/

2024-12-06T19:58:48Z

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Successful coordination is an essential ingredient for Disaster Management. In the first of a two article series on human interactions with environment in rural Bangladesh, Mohammad Tarikul Islam examines the coordination in the comprehensive disaster management approach in rural Bangladesh under the auspices of local government (Union Parishad) and potential impediments to this approach. Bangladesh is undeniably the world’s most disaster-prone country. Repeated natural disasters have destroyed the economic resource base of poor people and disrupted economic potential. Effective humanitarian coordination aims to ensure the best use of resources to achieve the most appropriate and relevant response to the needs of people affected by a crisis. The impacts and vulnerabilities created by disasters could be minimized through proper disaster management planning and by integrating disaster management activities with local and national development plans. It is apparent that effective coordination is an essential ingredient for Disaster Management. In this field, Bangladesh has gained credibility and repute across the world. Practicing disaster management in Bangladesh The Government of Bangladesh has taken a number of significant steps during the last few years for building up institutional arrangements from national to Union Parishad (UP) levels for effective and systematic disaster management, facilitating relief to the sufferings of disaster victims. To maintain proper coordination amongst the concerned Ministries, departments, line agencies, Local Government Body and community people, and also to ensure their proper functioning to mitigate sufferings of the people, the Government of Bangladesh has formulated a set of top down mechanisms from national to grass-root levels. For these mechanisms to operative, the Standing orders on Disaster (SOD) act as a guidebook. As per SOD, Disaster Management Committees are found to be in place starting from the National Disaster Management Council headed by the Prime Minister to the Union Disaster Management Committee headed by the Chairman of the UP. In accordance with the SOD, the UDMC consists of 36 members while the chairperson of the Committee can co-opt a maximum of three more members and form groups and sub-groups depending on the local situation and special circumstances. UDMC has been given mandate to act as the rural disaster management entity and it is supposed to play role in disaster preparedness, mitigation, emergency response and post disaster rehabilitation. The UDMC must ensure that local people are kept informed and capable of taking practical measures for the reduction of risk at household and community levels and also disseminate the success stories of reducing disaster risks widely among the local people. They hold a hazard, vulnerability and risk analysis at Union level and prepare a risk reduction action plan (RRAP) and contingency plan for earthquake and other hazards. The UDMC facilitates coordination among the development agencies and service providers through quarterly coordination meetings and takes decisions about the implementation of action plans for risk reduction as well as reviewing the progress of the risk reduction action plan. It also works to raise funds at a local level to implement the risk reduction action plan. Flooding in Southern Bangladesh Image credit: US Navy, Public Domain. Issues in inclusivity Unfortunately, people in rural localities, particularly vulnerable groups have very limited access to UDMC’s meeting deliberations and decision-making processes. This also suggests that the local vulnerable group members have very limited information about the role, mandates, and functioning of the disaster management committee on the ground level. There was no evidence of any role being played by UDMC in a pre-disaster period. The general perception from the community level consultation revealed that, disaster risk management is still a secondary priority and not well integrated into different programmes being implemented by Union Parishad. Persons who manage and lead Disaster Management Committees are not expert in Disaster management but the SOD gave them authority to coordinate and manage disaster management efforts. Political leadership at local level is not involved to lead the disaster management and therefore, people’s interest and sense of accountability are not reflected. People who are exposed to greater disaster vulnerability are often deprived and are unable to access vital knowledge regarding what sort of disaster management programmes are planned and executed by the Upazila and District administration in Bangladesh. On the other hand, Union Disaster Management Committee headed by the Union Chairman has been in paper as chairman and other members are not well trained about the procedure of committee to run. Besides, Upazila Administration particularly Upazila Nirbahi Officer and Project Implementation Officer are not supportive to make the Union level Disaster Management Committee effective as resource allocated for disaster management is handled by both officer of the government. For effectiveness of the UDMC to address the challenges of disaster preparedness, it must undertake the following measures: organise UDMC meetings on a regular basis both pre, during and post disaster phases; raise dedicated funds for disaster risk reduction; set up disaster warning station in each UP office; construct and maintain disaster shelter centres within the UP complex; form a volunteer team under each UP for emergency response; initiate training on disaster preparedness and emergency response; create social awareness campaign on disaster management; and ensure rapid and timely coordination. Beside these, community involvement in the process of hazard vulnerability and resources assessment, plan formulation and implementation of the preparedness and mitigation solutions leads to effectiveness of UDMC. The community participation in UDMC activities builds confidence, pride and capabilities to pursue disaster preparedness and mitigation as well as development responsibilities at the local level. Capacity building and public awareness activities through UDMC enables the communities to increase participation and eventually, to sustain even on their own the preparedness and mitigation activities. Concerned government departments including the Department of Disaster Management, NGOs/INGOs, and the policy of including two women in each UDMC, does not go far enough to ensure that the needs and capacities of women are represented. There is no evidence or analysis available on whether women are able to participate and influence the UDMCs. Support and capacity-building of UDMCs is unmapped. There are a number of activities to build the capacity of the Disaster Management Committees but it is not possible to access this information or understand where committees are functioning and where they are not. Elected local government representatives at Union and Upazila levels are key actors for all field level Disaster Risk Reduction activities where resources are allocated at the national level through district administration. But in this highly populous country with multiple hazards affecting the communities round the year, the volume of allocated resources is not sufficient to support the initiatives. There is a need to work with the government on establishing good quality information on “disaster events” in order to establish their scope quickly, and any gaps in the government’s capacity to respond. This should include strong advocacy on the importance of sharing information promptly (regardless of the need for assistance) and on the provision of a forum where information generated by non-government actors can be shared broadly. Effort should be made to consider the legitimacy of initiating coordination by mapping out how to trigger a coordinated approach to an event empowering Union Parishad, the first responder in disaster. The international humanitarian community must also ensure their efforts continue with more community focused interventions that relate directly to preparedness for coordinated response. However there is growing momentum and efforts to address this situation coming from the UN system, the INGOs and the donor community. An alignment of these efforts is also needed. This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of the South Asia @ LSE blog, nor of the London School of Economics. Please read our comments policy before posting. About the Author Mohammad Tarikul Islam is the Assistant Professor to the Department of Government and Politics, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh. He previously worked at the United Nations for seven years on projects relating to local governance, democracy, disaster management, the environment and climate change. Professor Islam’s research and teaching interests are in local government, human security, conflict resolution and disaster nexus development. He can be reached at [email protected]

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2018/01/08/how-does-local-government-cope-with-disaster-in-bangladesh/

2024-12-06T19:50:16Z

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Bridging the Gap: The Effect of Internet Gaming on Relational Intricacies The rise of internet gaming has woven itself into the fabric of modern life, offering entertainment, competition, and social connection. While often viewed as a solitary activity, online games cultivate complex realities with their own intricate social dynamics. Understanding the impact of internet gaming on real-world relationships requires acknowledging its multifaceted nature. Benefits of Gaming for Relationships: - Shared Interest and Community: Online games berlian888 foster communities built around shared passion and goals. This can strengthen existing relationships by providing a common ground for communication and shared experiences. Gaming communities can also offer new social connections, expanding one’s social circle and providing opportunities for collaboration and friendship. - Enhanced Communication and Problem-Solving: Many online games necessitate teamwork and communication, requiring players to strategize, negotiate, and adapt to dynamic situations. These skills can translate into real-world relationships, improving communication, conflict resolution, and empathy. - Emotional Support and Identity Exploration: Online gaming communities can provide a safe space for individuals to express themselves, connect with like-minded peers, and receive emotional support. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals struggling with social anxiety or isolation. Challenges and Considerations: - Time Management and Prioritization: Excessive gaming can lead to neglecting responsibilities and relationships, causing tension and resentment. Striking a healthy balance between gaming and other aspects of life is crucial. - Virtual vs. Real-World Dynamics: Online interactions may differ from real-world ones, potentially leading to miscommunication or unrealistic expectations in real-life relationships. It’s important to maintain clear boundaries and adapt communication styles accordingly. - Cyberbullying and Toxicity: Online communities can unfortunately harbor negativity and cyberbullying. It’s essential to be aware of potential risks, prioritize respectful interactions, and seek support if encountering toxic behavior. Navigating the Landscape: - Open Communication and Transparency: Discussing gaming habits and their impact on relationships with partners, friends, and family fosters understanding and helps develop mutually agreeable boundaries. - Quality Time and Shared Activities: Dedicate time to activities outside of gaming to maintain in-person connections and nurture real-world relationships. - Mindful Gaming and Self-Awareness: Be mindful of the time spent gaming and its impact on mood, energy levels, and relationships. Take breaks, engage in other activities, and seek help if gaming feels like a negative influence. The impact of internet gaming on relationships is multifaceted. While it presents potential challenges, it can also enrich connections and offer valuable social experiences. By fostering open communication, maintaining balance, and practicing mindful gaming, individuals can leverage the positive aspects of online gaming while navigating its complexities to strengthen their real-world relationships. Remember: This is just a starting point, and you can tailor the article to your specific needs and desired length. You can also add specific examples, research findings, or personal anecdotes to make it more engaging.

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https://camnangchiase.net/the-effect-of-internet-gaming-on-relational-intricacies/

2024-12-06T20:37:43Z

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Published on June 26, 2020 By: Team Concentric This article is the second in a series addressing the changing environment for regulated utility pricing given advances in Distributed Energy Resource technology, data availability, and customer preferences. Part One, Renewable Distributed Generation and Pricing Challenges, addressed the issue of Net Energy Metering. Demand charges have been a component of electric utility pricing design for many decades. The original arguments for demand charges were developed by John Hopkinson and further summarized by James Bonbright: “The full rationale of this Hopkinson, two-part rate is far from simple. But the rationale usually given (although it will serve only as a first approximation) is that the two-part rate distinguishes between the two most important cost functions of an electric-utility system: between those costs that vary with changes in the system’s output of energy, and those costs that vary with plant capacity and hence with the maximum demands on the system (and subsystems) that the company must be prepared to meet in planning its construction program.” However, industry experts are now debating whether demand charges are an appropriate pricing mechanism, in particular for smaller customers (e.g., residential customers). Some compelling arguments against demand charges to consider: · Demand charges do not send proper price signals to customers. · Demand charges are expensive to implement. · Customers do not understand demand charges. · Customers cannot react and/or respond to demand charges. · No cost support exists for demand charges; they do not reflect the incremental cost to use the distribution system. · Distribution investments should be recovered by some form of energy charge. In this article, we limit the debate to electric distribution systems. We will assess the arguments for and against demand charges and determine if demand charges are an appropriate mechanism in an electricity pricing design. The Economics of an Electric Distribution System One of the traditional arguments for the regulation of utilities is the existence of natural monopolies. A natural monopoly is defined as an industry with economies of scale, which results in the long-run marginal cost below the average cost for a single producer. Given the economies of scale associated with electric distribution systems, it is only economically efficient for a single system to exist within a given geographic area. Unlike competitive markets, where prices are established at the marginal cost of production, a natural monopoly must set prices above the marginal cost. The revenues generated by marginal cost prices are insufficient to financially support the system. Therefore, the challenge for a natural monopoly is to determine how to recover the additional needed revenue in a manner that is considered equitable and sends a proper price signal to the customer. In the energy industry, experts have argued that distribution systems are not constructed to serve demand and that their cost structure is fixed. To address such arguments, the authors consulted on the design of electric distribution systems with Anthony (Tony) Hurley. Mr. Hurley is an electric distribution system expert with over 30 years of experience. He is currently a Consultant at Critical Preparedness, LLC and previously held a leadership role in Electric Distribution at FirstEnergy as Vice President of Operations at Jersey Central Power & Light. Mr. Hurley stated: Every customer on a distribution circuit, whether residential, commercial, or industrial, has a load profile that mirrors their load usage and peak demands, with the data being captured by the utility. From this demand information, distribution engineers are able to make investment decisions and reconfigure circuits if loads may exceed equipment ratings, and forecast the need for capital projects, including equipment upgrades and possibly new substations to address peak loads. To accept the premise that demand information is not used in Distribution Planning is incorrect. Ultimately, the planning function for a distribution system is based upon expectations of demand growth within that system. For a system operator to send the correct price signal to customers, the distribution system should be priced at the long-run marginal cost. Definition – What is Demand? Traditional definitions of demand, (e.g., the maximum level of consumption by a customer averaged over a time period such as a one-hour or 15-minute interval), imply a one-way flow of power from the utility to the customer. However, the traditional definition of demand is no longer applicable in a world with Distributed Energy Resources (DER). The growth of DER means that a utility is now required to plan not only for an inflow of electricity to the customer, but an outflow from that same customer to the distribution system if their DER output exceeds consumption at a given point in time. A specific example of this is a customer with a small residential solar array who draws energy at night when the panels are not generating power, but during the day may produce more than they consume. Therefore, a pricing mechanism designed for demand could be characterized as an “option.” Customers would purchase an option designed to allow them to use a system up to a certain quantity of demand, either received or injected into the distribution system. This behavior would provide proper production signals to the utility, guiding better-informed investment. Arguments Commonly Made Against Demand Charges Argument 1: “Demand Charges Do Not Reflect the Incremental Cost of Using the Grid” An argument is often made that demand charges do not reflect the incremental cost to serve customers, but instead are based upon average embedded costs. As a result, they would send a false price signal to customers. Some truth can be ascribed to this statement if the pricing design follows an embedded cost of service approach. However, the development of long-run marginal cost of service is possible; such studies have been performed by many utilities in the last several decades. A traditional approach to developing demand charges based upon average embedded costs can be problematic. Still, recent innovations have included a more detailed analysis of the distribution cost structure and the impact of DER. Argument 2: “Demand Meters are Expensive to Implement” To create and implement a demand charge, the customer premises must be outfitted with metering equipment, which is capable of measuring that customer’s demand in real-time. A traditional argument against implementing demand charges for residential and small commercial customers is that the incremental cost of this metering technology is expensive, and it is not cost-beneficial to install the metering technology on a system-wide basis. Although this may have been true in the past, it is no longer accurate. Metering technology costs have dropped dramatically in the last several decades. The replacement of electromechanical technology with today’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) equipment has reduced costs and increased reliability in many instances. Further, the cost of data management has decreased, allowing for more complex billing structures to be easily processed and delivered to customers. Modern metering equipment associated with AMI generally has the capabilities to provide revenue quality demand charges as well as other, more advanced pricing designs. Argument 3: “Customers Do Not Understand Demand Charges” Many parties have argued that customers, especially residential customers, are unable to understand the complexities of demand charges. They claim that traditional utility tariffs for smaller customers, based solely on two-part pricing designs (i.e., a fixed charge and an energy charge), remain appropriate. We believe a discerning customer is able to navigate demand charges for the following reasons: - If smaller customers are incapable of understanding complex pricing design, that would render all efforts towards more advanced price design too complex. If utilities can successfully implement programs such as Time-of-Use Pricing, Real-Time Pricing, Critical Peak Period Pricing, and Demand Response, which are far more complex than the concept of a demand charge, the latter should not be an issue for customers to understand. - Residential customers face several complex pricing designs outside of electric utility tariffs. For example, most residential customers make decisions involving automobile and health insurance, mobile telephones, and cable television/internet offering service and pricing options, including multi-part pricing, which are as complex or more complex than a utility tariff with a demand charge. - The use of demand charges and demand limiters for smaller customers have been successfully implemented in other countries such as Italy and Pakistan, showing that customers around the globe are able to participate in such programs. Underestimating the ability of customers to understand electric tariff designs is a mistake that simply reduces the number of service and pricing options available to residential customers. Given that such options are in many cases feasible, the result is fewer choices for residential customers, increased cross-subsidization, and potential increases in the utility revenue requirement, which could be avoided. We agree that the introduction of new tariff designs, including demand charges, should include an education process for customers, but advanced pricing concepts should not be written off solely due to the perception that customers will not understand them. Argument 4: Customers are Unable to React to Demand Charges Some parties argue that customers cannot react to demand charges given the tariff design. We reject this argument because: - While at one time energy management systems were expensive and only available to large commercial and industrial customers, advances in technology have made energy control systems accessible to all customers. New strategies for customer engagement that are currently being deployed by utilities include load control technology, which is often necessary for the effective implementation of Real-Time Pricing. - The lack of flexibility to react to a price signal, such as a demand charge, in the short run should not be an argument to ignore the price signal. Although the ability to react to a demand charge in the short-run may not be as great as the ability to react in the long-run (i.e., due to equipment choices and other capital investments), it does not dilute the importance of sending a price signal to the customer. - The cost to react to a demand charge may exceed its value to a customer. The customer may have the ability to react to a demand charge but choose not to react due to competition for their resources and attention. Argument 5: Distribution Investments Should be Recovered by an Energy Charge The last argument proposes to recover the costs of the distribution system through an energy charge. Recovering distribution costs through an energy charge is deficient on several fronts and should be rejected for the following reasons: - Energy charges have nothing to do with the cost causation of distribution systems. The long-run marginal cost price signal associated with the distribution system is not communicated to customers through an energy charge. As a result, the system will be used inefficiently, increasing costs and potentially triggering non-economic investments. - Customers with DER and net-metering have an artificially low load factor because the demand they place on the system is typically not reduced. Still, the measured consumption is decreased by the output of the DER. The costs of the distribution system are thus shifted to non-DER customers triggering cross-subsidies. How Should the Non-Incremental Cost of the Distribution System be Recovered? A question that has challenged the utility industry for many years is how to recover costs which exceed the long-run marginal costs to operate the distribution, or “Residual Costs.” That question will be addressed in the next paper in our series “The Application of Access Charges.” For more information on the topics discussed in this article, please contact Tom O’Neill. More From Concentric: All views expressed by the authors are solely the authors’ current views and do not reflect the views of Concentric Energy Advisors, Inc., its affiliates, subsidiaries, or related companies. The authors’ views are based upon information the authors consider reliable. However, neither Concentric Energy Advisors, Inc., nor its affiliates, subsidiaries, and related companies warrant the information’s completeness or accuracy, and it should not be relied upon as such. Hopkinson, John R., 1892. On the Cost of Electricity Supply, Transactions of the Junior Engineering Society. Vol. 3, No. 1, p1-14. “Principles of Public Utility Rates”, Public Utility reports, Inc. by James C. Bonbright. First edition 1961, page 310.

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Christ’s passion, from his agony in the garden to his death, was the most torturous suffering a person could undergo. Jesus fulfilled his words, “The Son of Man has come not to be served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many” (Mk 10:45). Jesus and his mother Mary fulfilled God’s promise of the woman and her son who would destroy the serpent that led to the fall of mankind. When Jesus accomplished his mission on the cross, he drank the fourth cup of Passover and said, “It is finished.” It was not words of relief but an expression of accomplishment, not unlike the words of a military commander at the end of a victorious war. Let us join Jesus in carrying our crosses and say with him, “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit” (Lk 23:46). The following is the sequence of events during Christ’s passion, according to the gospels: 1. The agony in the garden 2. The betrayal and arrest of Jesus 3. The investigation before Annas 4. Peter’s denial of Jesus 5. Jesus before the Sanhedrin 6. Jesus before Pilate 7. Jesus before Herod 8. The death of Judas 9. The death sentence 10. The soldiers’ mockery 11. The way of the cross 12. The crucifixion 13. The death of Jesus 14. The burial of Jesus 1. The Agony in the Garden (Mt 26:36-46; Mk 14:32-42; Lk 22:39-46) Comfort from the Father alone After his Passover observance, Jesus went with the eleven apostles to the Mount of Olives to pray and gain spiritual strength before his passion. There was no garden in Jerusalem because of space limitation on the Temple Mount. Private-owned gardens were available on the nearby Mount of Olives. The owner of the Garden of Gethsemane might have permitted Jesus to use it for his night prayers. When Jesus and companions reached the garden, he took only Peter, James, and John to be close with him where he prayed. These three were so dear to him that they were with him on special occasions like raising to life Jairus’ daughter (Mk 5:37) and Jesus’ transfiguration (Mk 9:2). Jesus requested them thrice, “My heart is filled with grief, even to the point of death. Remain here with me and stay awake” (Mt 26:38). But they were tired and fell asleep. The triple request was a sign of how fervently he needed their support. So, in the great distress, Jesus was alone, and all humans failed to support him. During a time of anguish, our dear ones’ presence could be a relief. When all deserted Jesus, he gained strength from his Father because the Father sent an angel from heaven to strengthen Him (Lk 22:43). “Though my father and mother forsake me, yet the LORD will receive me” (Ps 27:10). Let us never forsake our faith in God. We always have the companionship and comfort from God in our distress and solitude. Subjecting to the Father’s Will Jesus prayed: “Abba, Father, all things are possible for you; take this cup away from me. Yet not what I will, but what you will” (Mk 14:36). Jesus said this prayer three times, expressing his nervousness because he knew how torturous his martyrdom would be. His address of “my father” or “Abba” expressed his filial intimacy with God. “This cup” stood for the fourth cup of Passover that Jesus substituted with his crucifixion. In the Lord’s Prayer, Jesus taught us to pray to the Father, “your kingdom come, your will be done on earth as in heaven” (Mt 6:10). So, every time he repeated the prayer request, he concluded by saying, “not as I will, but as you will.” Let our prayers also be expressing our willingness to accept God’s will. Isaac was a prototype of Jesus. Scholars believe that Isaac was in his thirties, like Jesus, when his father Abraham took him to sacrifice on Mount Moriah. Centuries later, Jesus offered his sacrifice through crucifixion on the same location. Isaac could have escaped from the sacrifice by overpowering his aged father. However, he subjected himself to his father for sacrifice. Though God saved Isaac’s life, He wanted His son Jesus to fulfil the mission. So God strengthened Jesus by sending an angel showing the heavenly presence and support. 2. The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus (Mt 26:47-56; Mk 14:43-52; Lk 22:47-53; Jn 18:1-14) Kiss of love altered to a kiss of betrayal Judas followed Jesus, who gave him the privileged position of an apostle. Jesus even entrusted him with the little money Jesus and his disciples received for their sustenance from the well-wishers. Unfortunately, Judas’ interest shifted from Jesus to money. Mismanagement of wealth or greed for money caused the downfall of many people and conflict in their relationship with others and with God throughout history. God might entrust more wealth than needed to some people, not for self-indulgence, but to test them whether they share it with others. Let us remember that the faith in Jesus and our implementation of what he taught are our treasure in this world and heaven. Peter, a brave defender Peter was quick in action. He struck Malchus, the High Priest’s slave, with a sword and cut off his right ear. Even at the time of his arrest, Jesus was compassionate to touch and heal Malchus (Lk 22:51). We must defend Christianity and church assets by love and not by war. All too often, our impulsive response in times of crisis is to pick up the sword as Peter did. Non-violence was the gateway to glory for Jesus. And he set that as an example for us. 3. The Investigation before Annas (Jn 18:19-24) John the Evangelist reports that the soldiers brought Jesus in front of Annas, the former High Priest and father-in-law of the High Priest Caiaphas. Annas was a corrupt person and had bribed the Romans to get the position as High Priest. He had forged business alliances with the money changers and sellers of sacrificial livestock in the Court of the Gentiles of the Temple. Since Jesus had disrupted the business activities and rampant exploitation going on there, it brought him into direct conflict with Annas and caused his arrest. Jesus questioned the trial by Annas because he was violating the Jewish procedure of trial. The accusers had to bring two independent witnesses against the accused. The judge should not ask leading questions to the suspect. When Jesus questioned these, the Temple guard struck Jesus. He questioned that as well. We might also face challenging situations and false accusations, even when we are right. Jesus showed how we can defend ourselves. We do not have to agree with falsehood. 4. Peter’s Denial of Jesus (Mt 26:69-75; Mk 14:66-72; Lk 22:54-65; Jn 18:15-18; 25-27) Peter went to the High Priest’s courtyard to see what would happen to Jesus. This was with the help of another disciple who according to the scholars, could have been John the Evangelist himself. John’s father Zebedee was into the fish business. He used to sell salted fish to the High Priest’s palace. John might have been delivering that before he followed Jesus. That helped John to get inside the courtyard with Peter influencing the High Priest’s staff, who were familiar with John. Peter’s denial of Jesus three times fulfilled Jesus prophecy about it. It was not as grave as what Judas did. Peter was enthusiastic to defend Jesus by striking with a sword the High Priest’s servant and to accompany Jesus during his trial. No other apostle was bold enough to do these, except John, who also loved the Lord passionately. Peter’s cowardice effectively protected his life, facilitating him to lead the church later on. Saint Luke reports that Peter “went out and began to weep bitterly” (Lk 22:62). Mistakes happen even when we follow Jesus. Repentance is the best remedy, and God cannot ignore a repentant soul. 5. Jesus before the Sanhedrin (Mt 26:57-68; Mk 14:53-65; Lk 22:66-71) Even according to the Jewish jurisprudence, there were violations in Jesus’ trial. (1) Trial at night was illegal: The trial was held at night before an emergency meeting of the Sanhedrin. Caiaphas was the official High Priest during the trial. Annas, who was the former High Priest and father-in-law of Caiaphas, was the president of the Sanhedrin. Though Sanhedrin should not meet at night, the plotters bent the rules because they were in a hurry to crucify Jesus. (2) The trial location was wrong: The Sanhedrin met for the trial of Jesus at the High Priest’s house (Mt 26:58), instead of the designated chamber in the inner court of the Temple. Such a serious sentence like a death sentence ought to be passed in the Temple near the altar to assure justice and also affirm that the decision was acceptable to God. (3) The prejudiced Sanhedrin could only muster false witnesses: Most members of the Sanhedrin had in mind capital punishment for Jesus even before the trial. They were struggling to get enough proof to justify their false accusations against him. They failed to get even two witnesses who would agree in their testimonies. Out of frustration, “the high priest put a second question to him, ‘Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?’ Then Jesus answered, ‘I am, and you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Almighty and coming with the clouds of heaven around him’” (Mk 14:61- 62). Solely based on this statement, the Sanhedrin pinned blasphemy on Jesus. Such questioning of the culprit in the Sanhedrin was illegal. (4) Crucifixion was not the punishment for blasphemy: The punishment for blasphemy was stoning to death (Lev 24:10- 16). However, the Sanhedrin wanted the most torturing and humiliating crucifixion for Jesus. This resulted in the fulfilment of the Old Testament symbolism of a bronze serpent raised on a pole for saving sinners and also Jesus’ prophecy that God would exalt him (Jn 3:14; 12:32-33). Hence, the crucifixion judgement was illegal, even if Jesus was guilty of blasphemy. (5) Sanhedrin did not take enough time for the judgement: Death sentence within a day was illegal. The Sanhedrin must sleep over the proceedings for one night before pronouncing the sentence. This did not happen in Jesus’s case. So, the time, place, trial procedure, and the punishment were illegal. It only goes to show that hatred and prejudice can lead us to unjust decisions and judgement against others in the family or community. Like Jesus, who came not to judge but to save, let us be saviours of others in trouble. The second coming of Christ will be only for judgement and reward for the righteous. 6. Jesus Before Pilate (Mt 27:1-2; 11-14; Mk 15:1-5; Lk 23:1-5; Jn 18:28-38) Though the Sanhedrin accused Jesus of blasphemy, they did not bring up that to Pilate. Instead, they raised three accusations that could be of concern for the Roman authorities: “We found this man misleading our people; he opposes the payment of taxes to Caesar and maintains that he is the Messiah, a king” (Lk 23:2). Pilate did not find any truth in these, nor any serious offence worthy of crucifixion. If Jesus was misleading people, it was a religious issue and not Pilate’s concern. When asked on the payment of tax to the Roman government, Jesus’ reply was: “Give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and to God what belongs to God” (Mt 22:21). Pilate could consider the accusation that Jesus claimed himself to be the king of Jews as treason against the Roman emperor and his position. He was the governor replacing the king of Jews for the provinces of Judea, Samaria, and Idumaea. But Pilate knew that Jesus never challenged Roman authorities including himself. When questioned, Jesus clarified that his kingdom was not of this world. Pilate concluded that Jesus was not guilty. But he was not bold enough to free Jesus because of his insecurities and selfish motives. 7. Jesus before Herod (Lk 23:6-12) Herod Antipas was the king in Galilee from 4 BC to 39 AD. He had beheaded John the Baptist. He came to Jerusalem for the Passover feast. Since Jesus was from Galilee, Pilate tried to escape the Jewish leaders’ machinations by playing the jurisdiction card. Thus he sent him to Herod who was the nominal ruler of Galilee. Herod was curious to see Jesus and see him perform some miracle. Though Herod’s soldiers mocked and tortured Jesus, he did not answer to King Herod’s interrogations. So, Herod sent Jesus back to Pilate. The curiosity to understand Jesus will not save a person. Salvation requires faith in Jesus and following his teachings. Because of the deference they showed to each other, Pilate and Herod who had been enemies, became friends. Thus, even as he was being tossed about from court to court, Jesus became a trigger for reconciliation between adversaries. 8. The Death of Judas (Mt 27:3-10) Joseph’s brothers sold him for 20 shekels of silver to Midianite merchants who were going to Egypt. History repeated itself with Jesus when Judas sold him for 30 pieces of silver, which was the price of a slave. When Judas realized that Jesus had been handed the death penalty, he regretted what he had done (Mt 27:3). His expectation might have been that Jesus would escape from his enemies as he had done on several previous occasions. However, Jesus’ time had finally come. Judas’ attempt to undo the damage by returning the money to the High Priests and elders came to nought. Satan’s full grip over him prevented him from turning towards his master for forgiveness. His remorse was so deep that he (erroneously) thought himself beyond redemption and committed suicide. The Temple authorities ruled that it was unlawful to deposit blood money in the Temple treasury. So, they bought a potter’s field as a burial place for foreigners. If we delay in turning back to Jesus for forgiveness and conversion, things might reach a point of no return. Jesus had warned Judas, but the man failed to correct himself in time. As humans, we might fail and ignore the God-given warnings. Like Peter, let us find refuge in Jesus and compensate for our mistakes by our commitment to God. 9. The Death Sentence (Mt 27:15-26; Mk 15:6-15; Lk 23:18-25; Jn 18:39-40; 19:1-16) When Pilate found that Herod had tossed Jesus back to him, he had to make a tough decision. He was conflicted between the demands of justice and the pressure tactics of the Jewish leaders. He also had a message from his wife: “Have nothing to do with that holy man. Last night I had a terrible dream about him” (Mt 27:19). So Pilate looked for excuses to set him free. Pilate’s tactics to release Jesus Pilate attempted releasing Jesus through the prisoner release custom during the Feast of Passover. But people had the right to select that prisoner (Mt 27:15). He presented a very contrasting choice to the public as between Jesus and a notorious criminal Barabbas, who had murdered people during a rebellion. People after comparing the murderer and the Son of God, under the influence of the chief priests and the elders (Mt 27:20), selected the criminal for freedom and the innocent Lamb of God for sacrifice. Pilate’s next tactic was to scourge Jesus and present him in a sympathetic appearance to satisfy his enemies and influence them to request his release. Pilate’s soldiers scourged Jesus 39 times as per the practice of the time, cruelly pressed down a crown of thorns on his head, clothed him in a purple cloak, and beat him, mocking him as the “King of the Jews.” The Pilate then brought the tortured man in front of the people hoping that his pathetic condition would melt his accusers. However, it cut no ice with them. The Jewish leaders whipped up a frenzy among the crowd to bay for his blood by repeatedly saying, “Crucify him!” Pressure tactics of the Jews When Pilate tried to release Jesus, the Jews pushed back saying, “If you release this man, you are not a friend of Caesar. Anyone who makes himself a king is defying Caesar” (Jn 19:12). The Jews hated Pilate because they had earlier issues with him and had complained against him to the Roman emperor. When Governor Pilate first visited Jerusalem from Caesarea, which was his headquarters, he came with soldiers who carried the images of eagles on their standards. All the earlier Roman governors had removed the images before they entered the city, respecting the Jewish beliefs. Despite the demand of the Jews to avoid the image, Pilate was adamant on his decision. The Jews followed Pilate to Caesarea. He threatened to kill the large gathering of Jews. They were even willing to die for their belief. To avoid a massacre of the Jewish gathering, Pilate had to agree with them. The second issue Pilate had with the Jews was that he raided the Temple treasury to meet the expenses of an aqueduct he reconstructed to supply enough water to Jerusalem. The aqueduct was helpful for the Temple that needed much water for sacrifices and cleaning. However, the Jews objected to taking money from the Temple treasury because it was only for religious purposes. So, Pilate seized money from the Temple treasury that caused Jewish riots on the street. Pilate mingled his soldiers in civil clothes with the rioters and at a signal, the soldiers attacked and killed many rioters. On the complaint of Jews, Pilate had to answer to Roman Emperor Tiberius for his action. A third incident was that when Pilate was in Jerusalem, he used to stay in Herod’s ancient palace. He had made shields with the name of the emperor inscribed on them, acknowledging the emperor as the god of the Roman Empire. Pilate displayed the shields for reverence in the Holy City to please the emperor and irritate the Jews. Though they objected to it because of religious reasons, Pilate refused to remove the shields. At the request of the Jews, Emperor Tiberius asked Pilate to delete the inscriptions. Thus, Pilate had many downfalls in his relationship with the Jews and had warnings from the emperor to avoid upsetting them. The emperor was favouring the Jews to keep the peace. So, Pilate knew that the release of Jesus could be another setback for him from the Jews who would again complain to the emperor against him. Pilate, who was brazenly bold on many earlier occasions, found it better to capitulate to the Jews. He ignored his wife’s warnings that she had received through a dream. Sometimes, we also fall into the situation of Pilate. Our past might haunt us and prevent us from doing the right thing. Our worldly ambitions might silence our conscience and blind us to justice. Pilate washing his hands Pilate was sure that Jesus was innocent. His conscience was bothering him also because his wife sent him a message about the innocence of Jesus. He had to avoid trouble from Jews and the Roman emperor. So, he used a Jewish custom of washing hands to escape from the consequences of murdering an innocent person as given in Deuteronomy 21:1-9. Still, Pilate acted unjustly to crucify the innocent Jesus, who will return one day as Pilate’s judge and of all humanity. Two mistakes of the Jews When Pilate asked, “Shall I crucify your king?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar.” This was a clear denial of God as their king (1 Sam 12:12), (Judg 8:23) and acceptance of the pagan emperor instead. Hatred of humans can lead to the denial of God because we cannot accept God by hating and maltreating others. The second mistake of Jews was that when Pilate could not convince them to release Jesus and they were at the verge of rioting, Pilate washed his hands in public and said, “ ‘I am innocent of this man’s blood. See to it yourselves.’ And all the people answered, ‘Let his blood be upon us and upon our children’ ” (Mt 27:24-25). Jesus’ blood stands for his life and sacrifice. He shed it for the forgiveness of the sins of all humanity. However, the entire crowd gathered at Jesus’ trial were so much taken up by the influence of the Sanhedrin that they, out of their emotion, took up the curse of the innocent blood on them and their future generations. The Jews believed that the guilt of innocent blood shall fall upon the false witnesses and their children to the end of the world. Some interpreters view that the Rome’s attack of Jerusalem after 40 years in 70 AD, the destruction of the Temple and its sacrifices, the assassination of many Jews, and the exile and dispersion of the Jews were results of the above pledge they made. The Catholic Church does not hold this view and attributes them to the Temple aristocracy and the supporters of Barabbas. 10. The Soldiers’ Mockery (Mt 27:27-31; Mk 15:16-20; Jn 19:1-5) The soldiers normally scourge the condemned man before carrying out the crucifixion. Like Pilate, they were gentiles from Caesarea Maritima on the Mediterranean coast. Since they heard that the accusation against Jesus was for claiming to be the king of Jews, they mocked him as if he were a lunatic. The scourging and mockery were tortuous, physically as well as mentally. The soldiers took Jesus to the Praetoriam which was the old palace of Herod and the temporary residence of the Roman governor when he visited Jerusalem. Pilate used to camp at Jerusalem during the major feasts to quell any nationalistic riots against Rome during the enormous gatherings of the Jewish pilgrims. Matthew records that the whole cohort gathered around Jesus (Mt 27:27). The cohort was six hundred soldiers. They stripped off Jesus’ clothes and dressed him in a royal purple cloth. They weaved a crown out of long straight thorns and placed on his head, put a reed in his right hand, spat on him, and kept striking on his head with the reed. Thus they fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy in 50:6 “I offered my back to those who struck me, my cheeks to those who pulled out my beard; I did not shield my face from insults and spittle.” After the mocking and torturing, they stripped him of the cloak, dressed him back in his clothes and led him for crucifixion. The soldiers mockingly adorned Jesus with a ‘royal’ attire, though Jesus never dressed up like that as his claim never was to earthly kingship. However, it became a symbol of his spiritual kingship. Jesus is truly king, not only “of the Jews,” as Pilate wrote, but of the entire universe. Let us follow that king and honour him. When we suffer for justice and Jesus, our suffering will be an honour and a norm for reward in front of God. Jesus told his disciples, “Blessed are those who are persecuted for the cause of justice, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are you when people insult you and persecute you and speak all kinds of evil against you because you are my followers. Be happy and glad, for a great reward is kept for you in heaven. This is how they persecuted the prophets who lived before you” (Mt 5:10-12). 11. The Way of the Cross (Mt 27:32; Mk 15:21; Lk 23:26-32) We do the devotion of the Way of the Cross. Traditionally there are 14-stations, but the Bible does not document the three falls of Jesus, Jesus meeting his mother Mary, and Veronica wiping the face of Jesus. Mary’s meeting of Jesus on the way of the cross might have happened because she was also at the foot of the cross. That meeting might have been heart-breaking for Mary, though she knew that he was fulfilling his mission. Mary is an outstanding role model for mothers sending their children to the missions. Veronica’s wiping the face of Jesus The story of Veronica wiping the face of Jesus on the way to Calvary appeared in a book called “The Acts of Pilate.” It presents Veronica as the woman who had been suffering from haemorrhages for twelve years. She came up behind Jesus and touched the tassel on his cloak and got cured (Mt 9:20-22). The story also tells that Jesus left an image of his face on the cloth that she used to wipe his face. Veronica later went to Rome and cured Emperor Tiberius by showing him a painting of Christ she made. Simon’s helping Jesus to carry the cross Roman soldiers used to demand anyone on the road to help them carry their luggage. It was in this context that Jesus taught, “If someone forces you to go one mile, go two miles with him” (Mt 5:41). While Jesus was carrying the cross to Calvary, the soldiers forced Simon, a Cyrenian to carry the cross so they could crucify Jesus alive. Cyrenaica was part of a Roman province on the north coast of Africa. Cyrene was its capital city. It had an enormous population of Greek-speaking Jews. Simon was one among them, who might have migrated to Palestine. “When they led Jesus away, they seized a certain Simon of Cyrene, who was coming in from the fields and laid the cross on him to carry it behind Jesus” (Lk 23:26). Simon was fulfilling Jesus’ teaching, “If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny himself, take up his cross and follow me” (Mt 16:24). Jesus wants us to share his cross in our lifetime, to continue his mission in this world. Mark 15:21 presents Simon as “father of Alexander and Rufus.” They must have been prominent followers of Jesus and well-known leaders of the early church. That is why the evangelist gives their names. It is not just cursing that passes down to generations, but blessings as well. The excellent works we do for Jesus and his church will have its lasting effects in our coming generations. Women devotees pacifying Jesus While the soldiers and many bystanders on the roadside were looking at Jesus with contempt, “A large crowd of people followed him; among them were women beating their breasts and wailing for him” (Lk 23:27). While the male disciples hid for their safety, the women disciples came to support Jesus. He still used the occasion to advise them to take care of themselves, to face future tribulations that would happen to them and their children. Jesus’ concern was genuine, and the tribulation happened in 70 AD when the Romans killed a vast number of Jews and took others as slaves to Rome. The soldiers destroyed the city along with the Temple. The Christians escaped from this because they fled from Jerusalem, trusting the warning Jesus had given. Jesus’ message for Passion Friday is the same that Jesus gave to these devoted women. Let us take care of our spiritual wellbeing and our future generations, even amid tribulations of this world. 12. The Crucifixion (Mt 27:33-44; Mk 15:22-32; Lk 23:33-43; Jn 19:17-27) The Place of Skull The soldiers crucified Jesus on Golgotha, which means the “Place of Skull.” There are different interpretations on this name: (1) It was a rock with skull-shaped appearance. (2) A heap of skulls of many people crucified without burial were there. Though the Jews buried the dead bodies, the Romans let animals and birds eat the dead body. So, it was a place of bones and skulls. (3) Tradition holds that Golgotha was the burial place of Adam’s skull. According to the Jewish tradition, Noah confided the skull of Adam to his son Shem, who later did the same to Melchizedek. He deposited Adam’s skull at Golgotha. Some early Christian writings also give similar accounts. So, some pictures of Jesus’ crucifixion depict the skull of Adam at the foot of Christ’s cross. It shows that Jesus washed away Adam’s sin by his blood that fell on Adam’s skull from Jesus’ crucified body. This was the fulfilment of God’s promise to Adam that he would send a redeemer (Gen 3:15). Some scholars associate Golgotha with Mount Moriah. That was the place that God assigned to Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac (Gen 22:2). Solomon built the Temple at the same location (2 Chr 3:1) known as Temple Mount. Later, Zerubbabel and Herod the Great rebuilt the Temple at the same location. Golgotha has the same height as the Temple Mount and both are facing each other at a distance of only 300 meters. Jesus was the Lamb that Abraham told his son, “God himself will provide the lamb for the sacrifice, my son” (Gen 22:8). Wine mixed with gall The soldiers offered Jesus a narcotic, “wine drugged with myrrh” to drink. The wealthy and compassionate women in Jerusalem used to give such a narcotic to the crucified to soothe their bitter pain during the crucifixion. But Jesus declined it so he could endure the full suffering for humanity. This was also a fulfilment of Psalm 69:22: “for my thirst they gave me vinegar.” While suffering on the cross, Jesus said, “Father, forgive them for they do not know what they are doing” (Lk 23:34). Jesus might have included in this prayer all those instrumental in his horrific torture. Thus, Jesus became a role model for us on how to deal with our opponents. Many early Christian martyrs, like Saint Stephen, imitated Jesus by praying for their persecutors during their martyrdom. Soldiers divided his garments The executors led the criminal for crucifixion in the middle of a square of four soldiers. Since they crucified the criminal naked except for a loincloth, the four soldiers used to divide the garments of the criminal. The Jewish clothing had five articles: shoes, turban, a girdle, an inner garment, and outer cloak. “When the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his clothes and divided them into four parts, one part for each of them. But as for the tunic, it was woven in one piece from top to bottom” (Jn 19:23). Only the High Priest used such a garment woven in one piece. Tradition says that Mary had woven the unique dress of Jesus and gave him when he started his public ministry. She made it like the dress of a High Priest because she knew that her son was the High Priest, going to offer sacrifice for the atonement of the sins of the world. The soldiers did not tear it, instead cast lots for it. This was the fulfilment of Psalm 22:19, “they divide my garments among them; for my clothing they cast lots.” Jesus the Nazarian, the King of Jews The soldiers used to write on a tablet the offence of the person sentenced for crucifixion, displayed it on the way of crucifixion, and nailed it on the cross. Since the Roman soldiers implemented the crucifixion, the Jews had no control over this. The charge against Jesus was that he had claimed to be the king of the Jews. However, Pilate purposefully wrote: “Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews.” The inscriptions were in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. In Latin, it was Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (INRI). So, the crucifixes display this acronym. The chief priests requested Pilate to change it to, “He said, I am the King of Jews.” But Pilate (probably not wanting to be dictated to by the Jews) did not change it, unwittingly giving official recognition to his claim to being the (spiritual) king of the Jews. Two Revolutionaries crucified on the sides of Jesus The soldiers crucified two revolutionaries on both sides of the true revolutionary of God’s love, Jesus. During Jesus’ public ministry, there were Jewish rioters like Barabbas who fought against the Roman rule. Jesus’ crucifixion amid two wicked men was the fulfilment of Isaiah 53:12, “he surrendered himself to death, and was even counted among the wicked; but he bore the sins of many and interceded for sinners.” The Bible does not give the names of the two rebels. However, a fourth-century non-canonical book, “The Gospel of Nicodemus” gives their names as Dismas and Gestas. Gestas challenged Jesus, “So you are the Messiah? Save yourself and us as well!” (Lk 23:39). Dismas on the other hand beseeched him, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” Jesus replied, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise” (Lk 23:42-43). The Catholic Church considers Dismas as a saint and celebrates his feast on 25 March. Mockery by the public Many people humiliated Jesus using insulting words while he was going through terrible pain on the cross. The people who did this were those passing by, those who stood at the cross, the chief priests, the Scribes, the elders, the criminal Gestas who was crucified with him, the rulers, and the soldiers. They were also tempting him as Satan did in the wilderness saying, “If you are the Son of God…” (Mt 3:4-6). When we are struggling in God’s mission, there might be people who try to pull us back from our mission. Entrusting Mother to John God’s words to the serpent, giving hope for the first parents, “I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; they will strike at your head, while you strike at their heel” (Gen 3:15) were realised at the foot of the cross where Mary, the Mother of God, was supporting her son. That was the reason he addressed his mother, “woman.” Mary was a widow and would be with no family member to support her. Jesus felt confidence in entrusting her care to his most beloved and youngest apostle, John. This John whole-heartedly accepted her as his mother and took care of her until her death, along with his busy evangelization ministry. Jesus blessed John with a long life. According to tradition, God rescued John from the emperor’s attempt to kill him in boiling oil while he was in Rome. Jesus kept the commandment of God, “Honour your father and your mother” (Gen 20:12). Let us continue honouring our parents, whether living or deceased. 13. The Death of Jesus (Mt 27:45-56; Mk 15:33-41; Lk 23:44-49; Jn 19:28-37) The Time of Crucifixion to Death The Synoptic gospels followed the Jewish calculation of time; whereas John followed the Roman time that we also follow in modern times. According to the modern timing, the soldiers took Jesus to the High Priest’s palace before 3:00 a.m. at the “cockcrow.” (Mk 13:35). There was no permission to rear poultry within Jerusalem (due to purity concerns). According to scholars, “cockcrow” was the usage for an official siren at 3:00 a.m. for a shift change of soldiers before which Peter denied Jesus three times. Annas, Caiaphas, and the Sanhedrin finished questioning Jesus before 6:00 a.m. and presented him to Pilate. The trial before Pilate and Herod, the scourging by the soldiers and the trudge to Calvary were over by 9:00 a.m. The soldiers crucified Jesus around 9:00 a.m, and he was on the cross for six hours from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. The darkness happened for three hours from noon to 3:00 p.m. The time of Jesus’ crucifixion and death corresponds to the daily Perpetual Sacrifice (Tamid) in the Temple at 9:00 a.m and 3:00 pm. Along with an unblemished male lamb they used to offer flour and wine (Ex 29:38-39; Num 28:1-8). This would represent the bread and wine we offer for Holy Mass, which becomes the “Lamb of God.” During the Tamid sacrifice, people used to pray for redemption from their sins. So, the timing of Jesus’ sacrifice, its beginning and end at 9:00 a.m and 3:00 p.m coincided with the Temple sacrifice for the redemption of sins. The sacrifice of Jesus replaced the Tamid sacrifice in the Temple, which ended when the Romans destroyed the Temple in 70 AD. “Why have you forsaken me?” The mental agony of Jesus on the cross combined with his intolerable pain made him cry out in a loud voice, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” (Mt 27:46; Mk 15:34). Ps 22:2 forecasted these centuries ago: “My God, my God, why have you abandoned me?” When we are in great distress, we might feel to cry out the same. Still, Jesus did not give up his trust in God and fulfilled his Father’s will. The Last Cup of Passover Wine The hunger and thirst are normal for the crucified. John states, “aware that everything was now finished, Jesus said, “I thirst” (Jn 19:28). “A jar full of bitter wine stood there; so, putting a sponge soaked in the wine on a hyssop stalk, they raised it to his lips. Jesus took the wine and said, ‘It is now fulfilled.’ Then he bowed his head and gave up the spirit” (Jn 19:29-30). It could mean that he finished the fourth cup of his Passover observance. Jesus’ crucifixion was his unfinished fourth cup at the Last Supper. Towards the end of his suffering, Jesus expressed his thirst to finish his Passover observance by drinking the last cup of wine. Hyssop was a small plant used for dipping into the basin containing the blood of the Pascal lamb which the Jews were supposed to apply to the lintel and the two doorposts of their houses to escape the tenth and final plague that was about to strike Egypt (Ex 12:22). Jesus said, “It is fulfilled” to mean the fulfilment of his earthly task, like a military commander used to say at the end of a victorious battle. Extraordinary events at the death of Jesus Some unusual events happened at the crucifixion of Jesus: 1. Solar eclipse happened for three hours with darkness felt from noon to 3:00 p.m. (Mk 15:33; Lk 23:14). This was the fulfilment of Amos 8:9, “The LORD GOD says this, ‘On that day I will make the sun go down at noon and darken the earth in broad daylight.’” 2. The curtain of the Temple sanctuary was torn in two from top to bottom (Mt 27:51). According to God’s design, the tabernacle and later the Temple had two curtains. The outer veil was at the Holy Place’s entrance and the inner one was in front of the Holy of Holies (Ex 26:31-36). It represented the seat of God and so heaven. Only the High Priest could enter the Holy of Holies and that only once a year on the Day of Atonement (Lev 16:1-18). The scholars’ interpretation on the ripping of the sanctuary veil is that Jesus, the perfect High Priest, opened the third heaven, the Holy of Holies, by his self-sacrifice, giving access to all who follow him. 3. There was an earthquake and resurrection of the dead. “The earth quaked, rocks were split, tombs were opened, and several holy people who had died were raised to life. They came out of the tombs, and after Jesus’ resurrection they entered the Holy City and appeared to many.” (Mt 27:52-53). These signalled the coming of the last or Messianic age. The last words of Jesus were, “ ‘Father, into your hands, I commend my spirit.’ And saying that, he gave up his spirit” (Lk 23:46). Only a person in communion with God could say that. Let these be our last words at the end of our lives also. Jesus attracted many to him at the Cross Jesus had told his disciples, “When I am lifted up from the earth, I shall draw everyone to myself” (Jn 12:32). That happened soon after his crucifixion. “The centurion and the soldiers who guarded Jesus were greatly terrified when they saw the earthquake and all that had happened, and said, ‘Truly, this man was the Son of God’” (Mt 27:54). “And all the people who had gathered to watch the spectacle, as soon as they saw what had happened, went home beating their breasts” (Lk 23:48). Jesus transformed the cross, which was a symbol of crime and punishment, into a key to open the door to paradise that had been shut on humanity due to the sin of Adam. Let us use Jesus’ cross as our ladder to heaven and also help others to use it. Ladies witnessed the death of Jesus Because of the mortal danger for those who were identified to be of Jesus’ band, all his male disciples made themselves scarce, except John, who was supporting Mary, the mother of Jesus. However, the ladies had nothing to fear because they were of inferior status in society and the Jews did not consider them as a threat to their religion. The synoptic gospels report that many women who followed Jesus from Galilee were looking from a distance at the crucifixion, though the evangelists named only a few (Mt 27:55; Mk 15:40-41). Luke reports, “Only those who knew Jesus stood at a distance, especially the women who had followed him from Galilee; they witnessed all this” (23:49). When we take part in the Holy Mass (Qurbana), we take part in Jesus’ Last Supper and his sacrifice on the cross as the fulfilment of his Passover. Let us do it with holiness and devotion. Jesus’ bones were not broken The Romans left the culprit to die on the cross, even at night. Jewish law was different: “If a man, guilty of any capital offence, has been put to death by hanging him on a tree, his body must not remain hanging there through the night” (Deut 21:22-23). Besides, the following day after Jesus’ crucifixion was a special Sabbath of the Passover. Hence, the Jews asked permission from Pilate to break the legs of the three on the cross. That would speed up the death because the crucified could not raise their chest to breathe, resulting in suffocation and immediate death. Jesus was already dead, and so the soldiers did not break his legs. John presents this as a fulfilment of Numbers 9:12 that the Israelites should not break the bones of the Passover lamb. This also is another confirmation of the symbolism of Jesus as the Lamb of God. It also fulfilled another Messianic prophecy: “He keeps all their bones intact, and not one of them will be broken” (Ps 34:20) The Blood and Water According to the Jewish concept, the blood stands for the life of a person. Jesus shed even his last drop, separating his body and blood as the priests did for the sacrificial lamb in the Temple. A soldier thrust a spear in Jesus’ chest, piercing his heart to ensure that he was dead. The blood, from the heart along with the fluid of the pericardium that surrounds the heart, flowed down. John presents this as fulfilling the prophecy in Zechariah 12:10, “They will look on me, the one they have pierced.” The water stands for baptism and the blood for Holy Eucharist; both are the last gifts of Jesus for our salvation. Later he also gave us the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost. We receive these three as Sacraments of Initiation to take full membership in the Holy Catholic Church headed by Christ. 14. The Burial of Jesus (Mt 27:57-61; Mk 15:42-47; Lk 23:50-56; Jn 19:38-42) The Romans did not bury the dead body of the crucified criminals. They would leave the bodies on the ground and let animals and birds eat them. The Jewish law demanded the burial of the body on the same day (Deut 21:22-23). So, Jesus’ supporters needed permission from Pilate to bury his body. Since Jesus was from Galilee and the disciples were hiding and could not afford to pay a fitting burial within a few hours, two secret admirers of Jesus, Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, offered generous contributions. They were not supporting Jesus in public before, to keep their membership in the Sanhedrin and to save their reputation among the Jewish leaders. Often, we do not help a person in need when alive. However, the prompt contributions of these two are praiseworthy. Joseph of Arimathea contributed his valuable tomb that no one had used. That could help to prove Jesus’ resurrection. If anyone had found the remains of a dead body in Jesus’ tomb after his resurrection, that could have caused doubts on his resurrection. Nicodemus donated spices for the customary embalming of Jesus’ body and helped Joseph for the burial. The coming of Mary Magdalene and other ladies to the tomb on the early morning of the first day after the Sabbath was proof that they knew the tomb where Jesus had been laid but now they found that same tomb empty when they returned. “So the women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed, and saw the tomb, and how his body was being placed” (Lk 23:55). Pilate’s getting confirmation of Jesus’ death from the centurion (Mk 15:44) was another proof of Jesus’ death. That also helped to prove that Jesus’ resurrection was not a reappearance after hiding from the public. All four gospel writers strive to build evidence in support of the physical death and resurrection of Jesus. The passion and death of Jesus led to his resurrection and enthronement in heaven at the right side of his Father. He will come again to judge the world. In this interim period, we need to make use of our time and talents to collaborate with Jesus to continue his redemptive work. Jesus would lighten our hardships for the Kingdom of God when we diligently follow in his footsteps. As promised, he will reward us in the glorious heaven.

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Revolutions on the Horizon: Great Changes in the 16th Century Eurasia Although the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions were far on the horizon, the 16th century witnessed great changes, some of which paved the way towards them. Young men with mathematical talents found it easier to get their first teaching jobs, in and out of universities: the quadrivia, which had relied heavily on astrology for its importance ever since, finally found other allies to consolidate their positions and turned themselves into mathematical professorships in relatively modern sense, a precondition with which young Galileo and Kepler started their career. Meanwhile, mathematical traditions were evolving continuously, and the debate on the contactus angulus between Peletarius and Clavius pushed forward the ideas of infinity and limit. The Renaissance also promoted the birth of Western Medicine in modern sense. The Modern Western Medical Revolution was mainly initiated and gradually matured by Paracelsus, Andreas Vesalius, William Harvey, and Helmont. Renaissance Medicine has had a profound impact on medical science and education in later period of the Scientific Revolution. Not all changes bore fruits in the near future. The century also witnessed the Ming Dynasty falling in China. Rising from the border of Ming Empire, Qing count knew better the importance of communication. During the battles, both sides tried to improve their communication technologies. Ming Empire developed a sophisticated and well-functioned long-range communication network. Unfortunately, the network could also spread bad news when situation worsened in the frontline, and became the amplifier of the invincible myth of Qing army which sped up the decline of Ming.

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Human Cloning is an advance in Civilization: Call to Power. Human Cloning, fifth Medical Advance, expands the control of DNA and reproduction. Advances in these areas allow for the creation of the Micro Defense, protection from biological attacks, and the Incubation Center, a safe and effective alternative to pregnancy that increases production in a city by 25%. The world will never be the same. Human Cloning - the creation of human life from a single strand of DNA - was a radical discovery affecting every aspect of life. Although early efforts in the 20th century to achieve this goal were met with great controversy, scientists pressed forward. However, cloning had two large hurdles to clear: one medical and the other cultural. On the medical side, Human Cloning required more than just the creation of a zygote, whose DNA matched the cloning target. The egg required a controlled environment for maturation: an artificial womb. It was only after the creation of the artificial womb that the first human was successfully cloned. The biggest hurdle, however, was

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Heading 1: Understanding Kilometers and Miles Kilometers and miles are two common units of measurement used to quantify distance. They play a vital role in our daily lives, helping us understand how far apart places are, how long a journey will take, and even how much we have traveled. Despite their importance, many people might not fully grasp the concept behind these measurements or why they are used. The term “kilometer” originates from the Greek word “kilos,” meaning a thousand, and the Greek word “metros,” meaning measure. As the name suggests, a kilometer represents a thousand meters. On the other hand, the term “mile” comes from the Latin word “milia passuum,” which translates to a thousand paces. Originally, a mile was defined as the average distance a person could walk in 1,000 paces. Heading 2: What Units of Measurement Are Kilometers and Miles? Kilometers and miles are both units of measurement used to calculate distance. While kilometers are predominantly used in most countries around the world, miles are commonly used in the United States and a few other countries. A kilometer, represented by the symbol “km,” is equal to 1,000 meters. It is a metric unit of length derived from the meter, which is based on the distance that light travels in a specific fraction of a second. In simpler terms, a kilometer is a little over half a mile long. On the other hand, a mile, represented by the symbol “mi,” is equal to 5,280 feet or approximately 1.609 kilometers. Miles are derived from the Roman mile, which was traditionally defined as 1,000 paces or approximately 1,478 meters. Heading 2: Why Do We Use Kilometers and Miles? Kilometers and miles are widely used units of measurement for distance around the world. While there are other units available, kilometers and miles have become the go-to choices for various reasons. One reason for their popularity is the familiarity factor. Both kilometers and miles are commonly used in everyday life and are easily understood by people in many countries. For example, road signs and distance markers often use kilometers or miles to provide directions and information to drivers. This consistency and familiarity make it easier for people to interpret and navigate distances regardless of their location. Moreover, kilometers and miles are also practical units of measurement. They provide a reasonable level of accuracy and are relatively easy to calculate in everyday situations. Whether it’s estimating travel time or measuring the length of a marathon, kilometers and miles offer a convenient way to express and understand distances. Additionally, as many navigation systems and athletic trackers already use kilometers or miles as default settings, it further reinforces their practicality for everyday use. Heading 2: How Do Kilometers and Miles Differ? Kilometers and miles may both be measurements of distance, but there are a few key differences between the two. One main difference lies in their origins. Kilometers are part of the metric system, which is used by most countries around the world. On the other hand, miles are primarily used in countries that opt for the imperial system, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. This difference in systems can sometimes lead to confusion when trying to convert between the two. Another notable distinction is the length of the units. While kilometers tend to have smaller values, miles are generally longer in distance. For example, one mile is equivalent to approximately 1.6 kilometers. This means that when you travel a mile, you are covering a greater distance compared to traveling a kilometer. Therefore, it’s important to be aware of which unit of measurement is being used, especially when planning long journeys or calculating travel times. Heading 2: Converting Kilometers to Miles: The Basics If you’ve ever traveled internationally or used a GPS, you may have come across the need to convert kilometers to miles or vice versa. Converting between these two units of measurement can be a bit tricky at first, but once you understand the basics, it becomes much simpler. To convert kilometers to miles, you need to know the conversion factor. The conversion factor is 0.62137119, which means that one kilometer is equal to approximately 0.62 miles. To convert, you simply multiply the number of kilometers by this conversion factor. For example, if you have 10 kilometers, you would multiply 10 by 0.62137119 to get approximately 6.21 miles. Similarly, to convert miles to kilometers, you divide the number of miles by the conversion factor. So, if you have 10 miles, you would divide 10 by 0.62137119 to get approximately 16.09 kilometers.

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Condensed Matter Theoretical Physics As condensed matter theorists, one of our main goals is to understand how the microscopic behavior of a very large number of atoms or molecules is related to the macroscopic properties of solids and liquids. While this certainly applies to objects common in our daily lives, such as kitchen salt or water, we are also interested in quantum versions of solids, liquids, and gases. For example, the properties of many metals are well described in terms of a gas of nearly independent electrons, whereas in other systems the electron-electron interaction is so significant that they behave as strongly correlated quantum liquids. At first sight, the problem may seem deceivingly straightforward, after all, the ions and electrons forming the atoms only talk to each other via the good old electrostatic repulsion. However, it turns out that the quantum-mechanical collective behavior of condensed matter systems is often very different than just the simple sum of its constituents. This phenomenon, called emergence, is behind many unique and fascinating properties, among which superconductivity is perhaps the best known. Condensed matter theory is a very broad area, that ranges from concrete applications to more abstract models. At the University of Minnesota, we have a vibrant condensed matter theory group working on a diverse set of topics, such as quantum materials, superconductivity, liquid crystals, quantum magnets, topological quantum matter, disordered systems, and non-equilibrium physics. We also enjoy frequent collaborations with the condensed matter experimental group, creating an engaging atmosphere to perform research in this field.

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Part 2 of our blog series about cybersecurity in education By: Etienne van Bavel, security expert at CTOUCH Following countless security issues at numerous schools, we cannot rest on our laurels. The era of self-interest and assessing how to get the most out of ICT is over. The privacy of both staff and pupils is at risk unless we collectively work towards a policy that fits each type of education. An institute or umbrella organisation for primary and secondary education has quite some different needs than a college or university has. We can, however, learn from one another and ensure that we put cybersecurity more firmly on the map. From coconut to zero trust We are already seeing college and university education providers employing dozens of staff in the area of data security. These IT experts dedicate their working week to network management completely. Network protocols are drawn up. And administrators set out comprehensive policies so that the school is clear on who is connected to which network. This is indeed a positive security transformation. Another interesting observation is that we are moving away from the 'coconut principle’ towards a Zero Trust policy. Historically, schools and companies built a shell around them that protected the network on the outside. The assumption was that communication inside a local network could always be trusted. Yet malware and ransomware attacks can just as easily be carried out on the inside. So let us take a critical look at our internal network to avoid any nasty surprises. Check, check, double-check! In primary schools, teachers also perform the role of IT person. Even though teachers may be relatively comfortable with IT and data security, how much time do they really have to spend on it? Have password policies been considered? And how well trained are school staff on how to leave devices as secure as possible when leaving the classroom? For schools in general, there are still a lot of steps to be taken. To avoid falling into the ‘coconut principle’ trap, it’s time that we embraced a zero-trust policy as the norm. Do not just trust anyone. Be it inside or outside school. And whilst it may sound heavy-handed, install a system that allows you to verify someone's identity using a few additional questions. Two-factor authentication, for example, uses a push notification. A message is sent to a person’s phone. Or an email is sent to a school employee for additional verification. That way, you will have a tighter handle on your network and protect the privacy of your colleagues and pupils. Wondering what a zero-trust policy entails? Do not hesitate to engage an external party like Grant Thornton that can take a closer look at your network as a whole. At CTOUCH, we also like to put our thinking caps on. This will bring you one step closer to a safe classroom and learning environment. And give you more time to focus on teaching. Cybersecurity all the way to the classroom: we have got your back Security does not mean compromising on interactiveness. Or compromising on the ease of use of your educational tools. Quite the opposite! A safe learning environment simply works better, and teaching will be just as enjoyable as before. Etienne or one of our other security experts are happy to help. Their safety hats are well and truly in place. Now it's your turn! You may find this interesting as well? Also read the other blogs in this blog series:

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Arts Education 10, 20, 30 Investigate how the arts can challenge, reinforce or draw attention to ideas, values and/or beliefs. Indicators for this outcome (a) | Provide examples of arts expressions that challenge ideas, values and/or beliefs. | (b) | Provide examples of arts expressions that reinforce or highlight ideas, values and/or beliefs. | (c) | Examine arts expressions of First Nations and Métis artists whose work challenges or draws attention to contemporary issues of concern to Indigenous communities (e.g., treaty education outcome TPP10 – investigate issues related to resource development and treaties). | (d) | Research the background of the artist and context in which the selected work was created. | (e) | Examine how ideas and/or themes evolve in the arts as the world changes (e.g., influence of newcomer artists, evolving technologies). | This book provides an overview of furniture, decorations, clothing and housewares that people have created and used across time and place. It shows how culture, politics and place have affected creative processes and artwork throughout history and around the world. This resource also includes a glossary of key terms and a list of books and websites for further study. Frank Lloyd Wright. Force of Nature This resource is a biography of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, covering his personal and professional life, his innovative designs and his influence on architecture. Postmodern Artists: Creators of a Cultural Movement This book guides the reader through the challenging topic of defining and explaining Postmodernism. It includes art examples, artist explorations, brief biographies and thematic discussions. Culturally Sensitive Art Education in a Global World: A Handbook for Teachers This teacher resource outlines lessons, topics, and themes associated with harmonious and collaborative interactions through culturally sensitive art education practices. There are questions and activities in each chapter to provide further consideration and investigation. Life Drawing: A Sketch and Textbook This book is a combination of an instructional book and a sketchbook that guides the user through processes of drawing. Each project is explained step-by-step and is designed to build proficiency, understanding and skill in the art of drawing. This resource introduces the influential and controversial work of artist, Salvador Dali. A brief description and image of his works are provided. Red Man Laughing This resource is a podcast that provides interviews highlighting Indigenous culture and contemporary issues in terms of artistic expression. The Art of Graffiti This book explores the world of graffiti, highlighting the history and current context of the art form, with well written and detailed investigations into artists and their styles. Dawn Marie Marchand In this DVD, Dawn Marie Marchand, a Cree and Métis artist, tells of her inspiration for making art. She also speaks of the mourning taking place in Canada regarding Truth and Reconciliation and she describes her pain while making objects. Itee Pootoogook. Hymns to the Silence = Aiti Putuguq. Nipiqannggittumut pisiit This book is about Inuit artist, Itee Pootoogook, who produces highly detailed drawings of his hometown and surrounding landscape. His pencil work is masterful and his use of colour is inspiring. This resource provides examples of Inuit art that juxtapose traditional and contemporary life. The Art of Graphic Communication This book explores the history of graphic design from ancient forms of public communication to its use in social media and virtual reality. Maker of Monsters: The Extraordinary Life of Beau Dick This DVD is a film that explores the life of West Coast Indigenous carver, Beau Dick. We learn about the artist's creative process, his many influences including culture, history and activism, as well as the ways in which he is influencing the world by calling for environmental and cultural justice. 16 Ways of Looking at a Photograph: Contemporary Theories This book is a text that provides a history of photography, the physics of light and lenses, and the philosophy behind capturing and reading images.

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The first 100 MW of this power plant was commissioned in December. In a short span, the plant produced 31.18mn kWh of electricity. This production led to a saving of 9.4mn cubic meters of gas and prevented the release of 13,000 tons of harmful gases into the atmosphere. The next 200 MW capacity of this wind power plant is scheduled to be commissioned by the end of this year, and the plant is expected to be fully operational by 2025. As part of the project, 4.7 MW turbines from the “Goldwind” company, a Chinese multinational wind turbine manufacturer, are being installed. These turbines, standing at a height of 97 meters with wind blades measuring 77 meters, are a testament to the scale of the project. To date, 34 wind turbines have been installed, and a total of 111 wind turbines will be installed within this large project. Wind power is one of the fastest-growing energy sources in the world. As of 2021, the wind power capacity installed worldwide reached 837 GW. In 2022, wind supplied over 2000 TWh of electricity, which was over 7% of world electricity. With about 100 GW added during 2021, mostly in China and the United States, global installed wind power capacity exceeded 800 GW. The Navoiy wind power plant, once fully operational, will contribute significantly to these global figures.

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Drug Discovery and Development Process As we all know, drug discovery and development are a multifaceted process that includes target identification and validation, lead identification and optimization, preclinical and clinical studies, new drug application, and approval. This is an expensive process due to the high budgets of R&D and clinical trials, which may take almost an average $2.6 billion and 12-15 years to introduce a new drug to market for treating patients. On average, out of a million molecules screened, only one molecule may end up being explored in late-stage clinical trials and used in patients. Therefore, the process is a long and challenging task from initial discovery to a marketable medicine. There are multiple defined stages for this process. Fig.1 Schematic representation of the drug discovery and development process (Robin, 2019) Drug Discovery Process Target discovery and validation The first step in the discovery of a drug is to identify targets involved in specific diseases. It is also important to know the biological origin of a disease. A target is usually a molecule such as the nucleic acid or protein that integral to gene regulation or intracellular signaling. An ideal target should be druggable, meet clinical and commercial requirements, and its activity can be modulated by an exogenous compound. After selecting a potential target, researchers must conduct careful and precise target validation experiments to demonstrate that it is associated with the progression of a given disease. Target validation can be broken down into two key steps, including the reproducibility to confirm that it can be successfully reproduced and that introduce variation to the ligand (drug)-target environment. Lead identification and optimization Lead identification aims to identify or create a compound that can interact with the target previously selected. The compound should be synthetically stable, feasible drug with acceptable specificity, affinity, and selectivity for the target receptor. Researchers can conduct screening experiments, test the mechanism of action and initial safety, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. After the compounds have been identified, they need to be optimized for efficacy and safety. Lead identification is a process of designing drug candidates after an initial lead compound is identified. The process involves the design of synthetic molecules, characterization, the optimization of dosage and introduction route, and safety testing in animal models. Drug Development Process Preclinical Drug Development Once a lead compound is found, researchers began to determine the efficacy and safety of the drug. The content includes the absorption, distribution, disposition, metabolism, & excretion (ADME) information of the new drug on non-human subjects, Proof of Principle (PoP) study, in vivo, in vitro & ex vivo assays, in silico assays, the development of drug delivery methods, and the formulation optimization & improving bioavailability. Clinical Drug Development After completing preclinical studies, the researchers proceed to clinical drug development, which includes clinical trials and volunteer studies to fine-tune the drug for use in humans. Clinical trials follow a typical series from Phase 1 studies to Phase 3 studies. It moves on to the next phase if a treatment is successful in one phase. The clinical trial design must be safe and efficacious, and to achieve the desired goal as much as possible. The pharmaceutical company can elect to move forward with a New Drug Application after the Phase 3 studies is concluded. At this time, the FDA reviews the study data and approves, or does not approve, the drug application. The new drug regulatory approval timeline may be up to a year or occur sooner depending on its applications and necessity for patients. Following drug approval and manufacturing, the FDA requires pharmaceutical companies to conduct the post-marketing surveillance trial o assure long-term safety and effectiveness of their drugs. Duelen, R., Corvelyn, M., Tortorella, I., Leonardi, L., Chai, Y. and Sampaolesi, M., 2019. Medicinal Biotechnology for Disease Modeling, Clinical Therapy, and Drug Discovery and Development. Introduction to Biotech Entrepreneurship: From Idea to Business, pp.89-128. For Research Use Only

<urn:uuid:3d4f796e-9062-456b-978f-1b6835df901b>

CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://dataverify.creative-biolabs.com/drug-discovery-and-development-process.htm

2024-12-06T21:17:54Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066416984.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20241206185637-20241206215637-00845.warc.gz

en

Public load balancers are a crucial component of modern networking infrastructure. When you set up a public load balancer, you’re essentially establishing a mechanism to distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers, ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Let’s delve into the intricacies of public load balancers. Floating IP Address One key feature of public load balancers is the provision of a floating IP address. This floating IP serves as the public-facing endpoint for the load balancer configuration. Why is this necessary? Public load balancers operate in a public domain, hence the need for a public IP address to facilitate external communication. Upon creation, a public load balancer typically sets up an active-standby configuration. In this setup, one load balancer operates actively, while another serves as a standby. The standby load balancer comes into play if the active one fails, seamlessly taking over using the floating IP address. Configuring a public load balancer involves selecting either a regional subnet or an availability domain specific subnet. It’s essential to note that if utilizing availability domain specific subnets, they must belong to different availability domains for redundancy and fault tolerance. Load Balancer Redundancy Public load balancers treat the active and standby instances as a unified entity, with the service automatically managing failover without user intervention. In multi-availability domain regions, the active and standby load balancers are distributed across different availability domains to ensure continuous operation. Private Load Balancers: A Deeper Dive Private load balancers offer a distinct set of functionalities tailored for specific networking requirements. Let’s explore the nuances of private load balancers and their unique characteristics. Private IP Addressing Unlike public load balancers, private load balancers utilize private IP addresses. These addresses serve as entry points for incoming traffic within a local network environment, ensuring secure and efficient communication between internal resources. Private load balancers can be accessed from within the same virtual cloud network (VCN), across different regions via local peering connections, or from on-premises environments using FastConnect private peering or VPN connections. This versatility enables seamless integration with various network architectures. Redundancy and Failover Similar to public load balancers, private load balancers employ redundancy mechanisms to maintain high availability. Standby or failover load balancers ensure uninterrupted service delivery, with redundant connections to backend servers for added reliability. Configuring Load Balancer Routing Whether it’s a public or private load balancer, efficient routing is paramount for optimal performance. Let’s explore the routing options available for load balancers: Host-based routing directs incoming requests based on the host header, effectively distributing traffic among different backend sets associated with specific hosts. Path-based routing allows you to specify backend sets and define paths for accessing different services or resources. This method enables granular control over traffic distribution based on predefined paths. In conclusion, understanding the distinctions between public and private load balancers is essential for designing resilient and scalable network architectures. By leveraging the features and capabilities of load balancers effectively, organizations can optimize resource utilization, enhance performance, and ensure seamless user experiences across their applications and services.

<urn:uuid:216b65fc-0f5f-4f35-b12b-6835c0b7c2e0>

CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://dba.kalipso52.com/public-and-private-load-balancer/

2024-12-06T20:44:47Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066416984.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20241206185637-20241206215637-00845.warc.gz

en

Learning and Wellbeing Through embedding a culture of thinking, we aim to develop the positive social, personal and learning dispositions of our students, enabling them to thrive in the contemporary world. Our Learning and Wellbeing Curriculum has been designed based on 4 core beliefs All students have the right to learn, and deserve 100% of our input regardless of their ability. All students can learn when they are provided with a safe and supportive environment. Positive relationships and connections are paramount to a student’s success. All teachers can learn and grow when they are provided with opportunities to share practice, reflect, collaborate, and celebrate. These core beliefs have allowed us to focus our teaching and learning on some key foundational pillars: Differentiated Learning is key to ensure students stay at the centre of everything we do. This allows teachers to target specific learning needs to individual students, groups of students and the whole class through a rigorous assessment process. Development of a Professional Learning Culture of reflection and feedback, ensuring we are targeting student learning, as well as teacher needs. Our beliefs of life-long learning and onsite and ongoing development of teacher expertise will be supported through dedicated time and space to develop their skills to deliver and enact high-quality pedagogy and instruction. Positive Behaviours and Restorative Practices is key in developing and maintaining safe and supportive learning environments, as well as building strong relationships with students and the community, through the recognition of our School Values. We have a core belief that all children have the right to recovery and that by building positive relationships, students feel safe and nurtured. This in turn supports students in taking risks in their learning, and showing resilience. It provides the right environment for students to build their social and emotional skills to be kind, caring and respectful members of the community. Our curriculum programs have been structured into 5 key areas: Our core learning is the development of high-quality sequenced and explicit learning experiences, which focuses on the foundations of learning, as well as develops student’s critical and creative thinking skills. Teachers invest time in research to find evidenced-based teaching practices which will support learning and growth of all students. At Deanside Primary School, we want students to become readers and writers. The development of language creates confident and resilient communicators who can think critically and creatively about the world around them. Literacy encompasses the connections between Reading and Viewing, Writing, and Speaking and Listening, and is guided by the Victorian Curriculum and our school’s guaranteed and viable curriculum. By building a love of reading and writing through the exposure to high quality literature and mentor texts, with clear links to authentic purposes, students can make connections, think critically, and have a deep understanding in their learning. We will do this by building independence through book choice (relaxed, just right, stretch) and independent reading/writing time, which will allow students to practice and apply the skills and/or strategies, and give students the voice and agency into their own learning. The explicit teaching of Phonics and Phonological Awareness will be vital in the Early Years, where it will ensure success in reading, writing, and spelling. We do this through explicit and scaffolded teaching, which is driven by student data, and differentiated at the student’s point of need. Numeracy learning at Deanside Primary School is led through an Inquiry approach to learning, with an authentic link to real life contexts. Students move from concrete hand-on experiences to a connection to math symbols and processes, which allows students to gain a deeper understanding and be able to apply these to real life contexts. We believe that students should be involved in open ended problem solving through a clear scope and sequence which is embedded through the Proficiencies of Understanding, Fluency, Problem Solving and Reasoning. The use of collaborative and independent instructional practices will support students in learning mathematical concepts and skills. Our Inquiry Learning focuses on developing student’s knowledge and thinking skills within Science, Humanities and Geography. The inquiry learning is student-led learning, but teacher framed. This allows students to have a voice in the direction of learning, which supports the teacher to plan and frame learning according to the needs of our students. We use an inquiry model of learning of tuning in, finding out/sorting out information and learning, taking action in our community and reflection. Students apply their literacy and numeracy skills into science, humanities, geography, civics and citizenship, which is embedded within the capabilities of Critical and Creative Thinking, Ethics, Intercultural Understanding and Personal and Social learning. At Deanside Primary School, the relationships and connections we create with our students are pivotal in establishing exemplary learning behaviours, which are underpinned by our school values. We have a mutual understanding of the agreed upon positive language approaches, expectations, and restorative practices to ensure success in our student’s learning and behaviour. Our Wellbeing framework encompasses the teaching of social and emotional learning, and focus’ on developing student’s: - self-regulation resilience and care through the introduction of the Zones of Regulation; - social skills through the enactment of Morning and Afternoon circle time, as well as explicit targeted teaching based on our school values; - teaching of positive behaviours linked to our school values through our school-wide behavior expectations; - empathy, care and respect through Rights, Resilience and Respectful Relationships. Our current Specialist Program consists of The Arts (Visual Arts and Performing Arts), Physical Education and S.T.E.M. As the school continues to grow, we look forward to introducing a Kitchen/Garden Program.

<urn:uuid:71bc129e-e73a-4165-b82f-e711decc8b4a>

CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://deansideps.vic.edu.au/index.php/learning-and-wellbeing/

2024-12-06T20:33:08Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066416984.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20241206185637-20241206215637-00845.warc.gz

en

Exposure to social environmental adversity is associated with health and survival across many social species, including humans. However, little is known about how these health and mortality effects vary across the lifespan and may be differentially impacted by various components of the environment. Here, we leveraged a relatively new and powerful model for human aging, the companion dog, to investigate which components of the social environment are associated with dog health and how these associations vary across the lifespan. We drew on comprehensive survey data collected on 21,410 dogs from the Dog Aging Project and identified five factors that together explained 33.7% of the variation in a dog’s social environment. Factors capturing financial and household adversity were associated with poorer health and lower physical mobility in companion dogs, while factors that captured social support, such as living with other dogs, were associated with better health when controlling for dog age and weight. Notably, the effects of each environmental component were not equal: the effect of social support was 5× stronger than financial factors. The strength of these associations depended on the age of the dog, including a stronger relationship between the owner’s age and the dog’s health in younger as compared to older dogs. Taken together, these findings suggest the importance of income, stability and owner’s age on owner-reported health outcomes in companion dogs and point to potential behavioral and/or environmental modifiers that can be used to promote healthy aging across species.

<urn:uuid:7dc44b03-151a-4c0e-83c2-dfb4bc08e907>

CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://drjingma.com/papers/McCoy-social

2024-12-06T19:07:13Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066416984.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20241206185637-20241206215637-00845.warc.gz

en

Cyberattacks continue to plague the healthcare sector. During the first half of 2023, health system cyberattacks have impacted more than 36 million people compared to 44 million in 2022. The attacks on this vulnerable industry are worsening at a frightful pace. In recent weeks, John Riggi, National Advisor for Cybersecurity and Risk for the American Hospital Association, has reported an increase in high-impact ransomware events. Moreover, IT leaders say more circumstances impacting patient care include canceled procedures and surgeries, unavailable test results, ambulance diversions for emergency care, and the need to shut down systems that expose patients to harm. The US healthcare industry is consistently a prime target for cyberattacks. Stolen medical records give hackers vast amounts of valuable information. Gaining access to names, birth dates, addresses, and Social Security numbers is like winning the lottery for cybercriminals. In addition, the healthcare industry makes itself even more appealing by prioritizing its investments in operations and medical equipment over funding cybersecurity. Together, these result in system vulnerability and an opportunity for cyber criminals to easily pick that enticing and accessible “low-hanging fruit.” Five common types of cyberattacks and their impacts on patients, providers, payers, researchers, and others are defined below. Phishing is sending fraudulent emails that appear to come from legitimate sources, such as hospitals, health insurance companies, or government agencies. The goal is to trick recipients into clicking on malicious links and attachments or providing personal or financial information. Ransomware is malware that encrypts the target’s data or systems and demands a ransom for the decryption key. Ransomware can cause significant disruption and damage. Healthcare organizations may lose access to critical patient records, medical devices, or network services, causing substantial trouble and risk. Data breaches involve the unauthorized access or disclosure of sensitive data, such as patient records, research data, or financial information. Data breaches can have serious consequences for healthcare organizations, including legal liabilities, regulatory fines, reputational damage, and loss of trust. Data breaches can result from cyberattacks, insider threats, human errors, or system failures. Malware is used for any malicious software that can harm systems or data with viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, adware, rootkits, and more. Various means, such as phishing emails, removable media, and web downloads, can be used to infect healthcare network vulnerabilities. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks aim to overwhelm systems with a large volume of traffic or requests, which can disrupt the availability and performance of healthcare websites, applications, or telehealth platforms. DDoS attacks can also be a diversionary tactic to hide other malicious activities. As hackers disrupt healthcare operations and compromise patient care, it is a fact that healthcare workers can unknowingly contribute to a cyber event through their actions or inactions. Yes, human error fuels risk, and risk compromises security. For example, workers who access organizational systems or data from remote locations can create opportunities for cyberattacks if they do not use secure connections, devices, or passwords. Remote healthcare workers might be more vulnerable to phishing emails, malware, or device loss. Healthcare workers who interact directly with third-party vendors may create exposure to cyberattacks if they do not verify the identity and security of the vendors. Third-party vendors could have access to sensitive data or systems that might become compromised by hackers or malicious insiders. Vendors certainly can unknowingly introduce vulnerabilities into the organizational network or devices. Finally, healthcare workers who need to be trained or are unaware of their organization’s cybersecurity policies and best practices may create exposure to cyberattacks. Unaware workers might use weak or shared passwords, click on suspicious links or attachments, download unauthorized software or applications, or disclose confidential information to unauthorized parties. To reduce the chances of exposure, healthcare organizations should implement comprehensive and continuous cybersecurity training programs for their workers and strict security policies and controls for remote access and third-party vendors. Cyberattacks on healthcare can have severe and potentially fatal consequences. To prevent or mitigate the impacts listed here, healthcare organizations should implement robust cybersecurity measures and practices, such as conducting risk assessments, updating software and systems, training staff, encrypting data, and backing up data. Cyberattacks can prevent or hinder healthcare workers from accessing electronic health records, diagnostic tools, communication systems, or medical devices essential for providing timely and quality patient care. For example, cyberattacks can cause ambulance diversions, cancel surgeries, interrupt radiation treatments, or disable life-support machines. Cyberattacks can increase the risk of death for patients affected by the disruption or delay of care. According to a study by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), hospitals that experienced cyber events were also more likely to experience hospital strain, worse health outcomes, and increased mortality. Cyberattacks can expose or steal sensitive patient data. Theft of a patient’s medical history, personal information, financial details, or insurance information can lead to hardships, including identity theft, fraud, blackmail, or discrimination against affected patients. Cyberattacks can result in significant financial losses for healthcare organizations because of ransom payments, recovery costs, legal fees, regulatory fines, or lost revenue. Healthcare cybersecurity matters more than ever in 2023. The healthcare sector faces many obstacles as it strengthens its cyber defenses and positioning. These barriers include inadequate resources, staff, training, and awareness. Also, the complexity and diversity of the sector, the regulatory landscape, and legacy systems all contribute to the challenge of maintaining a safe and cyber-secure environment. Healthcare organizations must embrace a cybersecurity strategy that covers all operations and represents all stakeholders, with the support that starts with executive leadership and the board of directors.

<urn:uuid:edaa86b6-d580-4ce7-9369-e2c61c369695>

CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://dstest.in/sureshield/cyberattacks-in-healthcare/

2024-12-06T20:46:27Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066416984.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20241206185637-20241206215637-00845.warc.gz

en

There’s no doubt that cats and ball pythons make strange bedfellows. But can they actually live together peacefully? In this blog post, we’ll take a look at some of the pros and cons of having both a cat and a ball python as pets. We’ll also explore some tips on how to make sure these two creatures can coexist without any problems. So, whether you’re considering getting a ball python or are just curious about how well they do with cats. Yes, cats and ball pythons can certainly get along. Both cats and ball pythons are naturally curious animals that enjoy exploring their environments. Furthermore, both species are surprisingly social creatures, with the ability to form bonds with other animals. However, it is important to take a few key steps when introducing these two species in order to minimize any possible conflicts or injuries. For instance, keep an eye on the snake’s enclosure at all times, as cats may attempt to access it and harm your pet python. You should also pay close attention to the cat’s body language; if you notice your feline friend becoming more apprehensive or wary around the python, it is best to separate them until they have had time to adjust. With proper care and observation, cats and ball pythons can be great companions for one another. The pros of having a cat and a ball python as pets When it comes to finding the perfect pet, people often have very different preferences. Some people prefer the companionship of a furry friend, while others prefer a more low-maintenance pet. However, there are actually a few benefits to owning both a cat and a ball python. For one thing, they can help to keep each other company when their humans are away. Cats are known for being independent, but they still appreciate having another creature around to curl up with. Similarly, ball pythons typically don’t mind being left alone, but they also enjoy the occasional head scratch. In addition, owning both a cat and a ball python can help to reduce stress levels. Studies have shown that spending time with pets can help to lower blood pressure and reduce anxiety. As a result, owning both a cat and a ball python may just be the key to a calm and relaxed lifestyle. The Cons of having a cat and ball python as pets Before deciding to get a cat and a ball python as pets, there are some things you should take into consideration. One of the cons is that they require different amounts of attention. while cats are relatively independent creatures, pythons need to be handled regularly and require a bit more work in terms of feeding and cleaning their tank. Additionally, both cats and pythons can be aggressive, and it’s important to make sure that they’re not left alone together, as the python could easily hurt or kill the cat. Finally, another con is that you’ll likely need two separate cages or tanks – one for each pet – which can take up a lot of space in your home. While owning a cat and a ball python can be rewarding, it’s important to be aware of the potential challenges involved before making the commitment. Tips on how to make sure these two creatures can coexist peacefully When it comes to living in harmony with other animals, it can be difficult to strike the right balance. Some creatures may be more assertive or territorial than others, and there is always a possibility of conflict when different species interact. However, there are some simple things you can do to help ensure peace and cooperation between your pets and pests. For one thing, regular cleaning is crucial – by keeping your home free of food crumbs and dirty dishes, you minimize the appeal to insects like ants and mice. Secondly, establishing boundaries is key – whether this means implementing a curfew for your pets or keeping them indoors if you have particularly aggressive wildlife visitors, clear rules can prevent any unnecessary squabbles. Finally, providing plenty of resources for your animals can also help avoid disputes; for example, setting up bird feeders in different areas can mean that less fighting will occur over food sources. With these simple tips in mind, coexisting peacefully with both your pets and pests shouldn’t be too much of a challenge. While it is possible for cats and ball pythons to get along, it is not always an easy task. Many cats are naturally distrustful of snakes and may view them as a threat, especially if the snake is large in size or if it is moving around aggressively. In addition, because cats rely so heavily on their sense of smell, a powerful scent can be very off-putting to them. For these reasons, it’s crucial to take a slow and gradual approach when introducing your cat to a new ball python. If the introduction goes well, you will want to make sure that there are plenty of resources available for both your cat and your snakes – such as water bowls, food, and comfortable resting spots – so that both animals feel like they have everything they need in their environment. With some patience and care, however, it is possible for these two species to live together successfully. Addendum: What to do if your cat shows interest in your ball python (or vice versa) If your cat seems especially interested in your ball python, there may be a few things you can do to help ease the situation. First and foremost, it is important to reinforce the importance of boundaries with both your pet cat and your pet snake. For example, you could try placing a secure gate between them or separating their cages by a few feet at least until they get used to each other’s presence. Additionally, you should take steps to minimize the risk of dangerous interactions between the two animals. This might mean using plants as barriers in case they get too close, or providing your snake with additional hiding spots so that he can easily avoid any curious kitties that may come sniffing around. In general, it is best to always supervise any interactions between cats and snakes, especially if either animal is still young or inexperienced. With a bit of careful planning and attention, however, it is possible to help ensure that these two animals can peacefully coexist without any danger to either party.

<urn:uuid:931da650-6531-4115-83e3-db804cd3c9b7>

CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://everythingreptilion.com/can-cats-and-ball-pythons-get-along-the-surprising-answer/

2024-12-06T20:44:00Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066416984.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20241206185637-20241206215637-00845.warc.gz

en

What is myocardial infarction? Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, refers to the blockage of the coronary arteries leading to the myocardium, which prevents blood from being sent to the myocardium, resulting in hypoxia and damage to the myocardium. In severe cases, it may cause sudden death. Myocardial infarction and coronary arteries To understand how myocardial infarction occurs, we must first talk about the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart—the coronary arteries. Not only does the heart need to pump blood throughout the body, it also needs blood itself, and it relies primarily on the coronary arteries to perform this job. However, blood vessels may become narrower and narrower due to the accumulation of fat, cholesterol (Cholesterol) and other substances, causing plaques and affecting blood flow. This is coronary artery disease (or coronary artery disease). Hemorrhagic heart disease). Sometimes these plaques accumulated in the blood vessels may rupture, attract platelets to aggregate, block the blood vessels and cause blood clots. When the coronary arteries are blocked, blood cannot be transported to the heart, which can cause myocardial infarction. Symptoms and precursors of myocardial infarction Typical symptoms of myocardial infarction are chest pain and cold sweat, but the symptoms may be different for everyone. Typical chest pain will move from the center or left side of the chest to the chin and right upper arm, but some patients have atypical chest pain symptoms. , will be manifested by upper abdominal pain, vomiting or syncope. For example, stroke patients have expressed “wheezing”, and diabetic patients have less obvious pain due to sympathetic nerve compression. Therefore, in addition to symptoms, electrocardiogram testing is also required to be accurate. The following are possible symptoms of myocardial infarction: - Angina pectoris (sense of pressure from heavy objects) - Dizziness, lightheadedness - feel sick and vomit - stomach ache - Difficulty breathing, rapid breathing - sweating, cold sweat - abnormal anxiety - Coughing and wheezing It is important to note that myocardial infarction does not all happen suddenly like in dramas or movies. Many people may have repeated chest pain, chest compression and other myocardial infarction a few days or even 1 to 2 weeks ago. Signs of infarction. What to do about myocardial infarction? When should you seek medical help? Once the signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction mentioned above appear, please seek medical treatment immediately without delay! Because myocardial infarction interrupts blood flow and causes myocardial damage, and the longer the blood vessel is blocked, the greater the damage caused. Without urgent treatment to restore blood flow, permanent damage may be left. Since you are not sure whether your symptoms will suddenly worsen, please dial 119 to call an ambulance immediately and avoid driving or riding a bicycle to seek medical treatment to avoid endangering the safety of yourself and other passers-by. Causes of myocardial infarction The causes of myocardial infarction can be roughly divided into the following three categories: - coronary heart disease - Drug abuse Risk of myocardial infarction People who have or have the following diseases or conditions are at higher risk for myocardial infarction: - Men over 45 years old - Women over 55 - Family history - lack of exercise - drug abuse - high cholesterol - autoimmune diseases - Metabolic syndrome Types and diagnosis of myocardial infarction In the event of an acute myocardial infarction, in order to provide the patient with immediate treatment as soon as possible, the doctor may use an electrocardiogram to analyze changes in the heartbeat wave pattern to determine how to diagnose and treat the condition. ECG is divided into the following 3 types: - ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (ST elevation MI, STEMI) - Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (Non-ST elevation MI, referred to as NSTEMI) - Nonspecific ECG changes in myocardial infarction Since acute myocardial infarction requires emergency treatment, some examinations may not be performed until the patient’s condition is stable, as follows: - blood test - Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG for short) - Ultrasound (Echocardiography) - Chest X-ray - Coronary angiography (commonly known as cardiac catheterization) - Cardiac computed tomography (CT) - Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Cardiac MRI) Complications of myocardial infarction - Heart failure - Sudden cardiac arrest - Myocardial rupture Treatment methods for myocardial infarction In the case of acute myocardial infarction, aspirin can relieve angina pectoris, and this is usually used in the ambulance as directed by medical staff. Please do not self-medicate, because the dosage that people can buy is not the same as the aspirin for emergency use. If the symptoms are not myocardial infarction, taking medicine without authorization may increase other risks - Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerin, also known as nitroglycerin) - antiplatelet drugs - Beta-blocker (β-Blocker) - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI for short) - Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, also known as balloon dilatation or cardiac catheterization) - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Patients with myocardial infarction may need cardiac rehabilitation after surgery. A rehabilitation plan will be drawn up by a rehabilitation physician to gradually restore cardiopulmonary capacity. Generally speaking, cardiac rehabilitation will start with progressive low-intensity exercise, then plan the exercise method and intensity according to the patient’s condition, and continue to monitor for 3 to 6 months. Finally, the patient will self-monitor and maintain the habit of regular exercise. First aid methods for myocardial infarction When a myocardial infarction occurs, first aid can be provided to the patient in the following ways: - Have the patient lie down to reduce movement - call the ambulance If the patient suffers from shock and faints, be sure to try the following methods immediately and try your best to rescue them before medical staff arrive: - Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, CPR for short) - Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Prevention methods of myocardial infarction Since the main cause of myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis, which is accumulated from long-term daily life patterns, prevention of myocardial infarction is more important than treatment. Many patients who suffer myocardial infarction have coronary heart disease or other heart disease problems. If you want to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, especially for people at high risk of heart disease, please refer to the following 8 prevention methods: - Measurement of blood pressure - Check cholesterol - regular exercise - relieve stress - avoid alcohol - Balanced diet - Good sleep quality - quit smoking

<urn:uuid:de96dbb0-810d-4be6-848d-68b0207e9c79>

CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://fairview.life/2024/01/07/myocardial-infarction-symptoms-precursors-causes-prevention-first-aid/

2024-12-06T19:53:44Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066416984.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20241206185637-20241206215637-00845.warc.gz

en

The U.S. government hitting the debt ceiling severely affects the country’s financial stability. If the government cannot borrow more money to pay off its debts, it could result in significant consequences such as a government shutdown, a credit rating downgrade, and even a default on its obligations. This could lead to increased borrowing costs, which could, in turn, slow down economic growth. The United States Federal Debt is a significant concern for the country’s future financial stability. The Federal Debt measures how much the U.S. government owes creditors. It is currently at 97% of GDP, which means the government owes as much money as the country produces in a year. In 2019, before the pandemic, the debt was lower at 79% of GDP, and in 2007, before the Great Recession, it was significantly lower at 35%. According to a recent Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analysis, the national debt is expected to increase steadily over the next decade to 118% of GDP in 2033. This would be the highest level of Federal Debt in U.S. history. The driving forces behind this increase are expected to be higher spending on Social Security and Medicare and rising interest costs due to increasing debt and higher interest rates. On January 19, 2023, the U.S. government reached its statutory limit for outstanding debt, also known as the debt ceiling. The current limit, set by Congress in December 2021, is about $31.4 trillion In response, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen implemented “extraordinary measures” to allow borrowing for a limited period. While Yellen projects the extension will last until early June, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates it may last until sometime between July and September. However, the CBO cautions that if April tax revenues fall short of its projections, the Treasury could run out of funds earlier. The measures taken by Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen are aimed at delaying the impact of hitting the debt ceiling by using funds from other sources, such as suspending the sale of state and local government securities. However, these measures are temporary and can only postpone the inevitable. The U.S. government must increase the debt ceiling to avoid negative economic implications. Failing to do so could result in a chain reaction that negatively affects businesses, consumers, and the entire financial system. Congress must work to reach a solution before the situation worsens. At TCG, we understand that economic news can be confusing and overwhelming. That’s why we’re here to break down the recent events surrounding the U.S. government’s debt ceiling and deficit spending. Understanding the Debt Ceiling The introduction of a debt ceiling in 1917 allowed the American government to be more flexible during World War I. Before this, any borrowing had to be approved by Congress under concrete terms. However, it was not until 1939 that the modern debt ceiling, aggregating all government debt under one limit, was created. Since then, the limit has been raised, modified, or suspended 78 times, often with little public attention. It was not until 2011, during a political battle over the debt ceiling, that things changed. The contentious negotiations pushed the Treasury to the brink, leading to a credit rating downgrade by Standard & Poor’s. It is important to note that the debt ceiling limits the amount the U.S. Treasury can borrow to meet already authorized financial obligations by Congress. It does not authorize future spending. However, it has been used as leverage for partisan negotiations over government spending in recent years. With different parties holding the White House and the House of Representatives, which must authorize spending, this year’s negotiations over the debt ceiling may be particularly challenging. The Possible Implications It’s essential to consider the potential dangers the U.S. government faces as it approaches its debt ceiling. The debt ceiling is a legal limit on the amount of debt the U.S. government can incur, and failing to revise it promptly can have severe consequences. If the debt ceiling is not raised, the U.S. government could default on its financial obligations. This would result in unpaid bills, higher interest rates, and a loss of faith in U.S. government securities that would reverberate throughout the global economy. The impact of a U.S. government default could be significant. For investors, it would be unsettling and potentially cause a loss of faith in U.S. government securities. This could decrease demand for U.S. Treasury bonds, resulting in higher interest rates and borrowing costs. It could also cause a ripple effect throughout the global market, disrupting trade and hurting international economies that rely on the stability of U.S. Treasuries. A recent example occurred in 2011 when negotiations over the debt ceiling impasse were delayed. The result was increased borrowing costs for U.S. taxpayers. According to estimates, the 2011 impasse cost U.S. taxpayers $1.3 billion in increased borrowing costs in FY 2011, with additional costs in the following years. While it’s unlikely that the current situation will lead to a default, pushing negotiations close to the edge can be damaging. The delay in negotiations creates a sense of uncertainty and instability that can unsettle investors and result in increased borrowing costs. The negotiations over the debt ceiling are ongoing, with lawmakers working to find a solution before the government hits its borrowing limit. It’s important to pay attention to these negotiations as they could significantly impact the global market and the economy as a whole. Understanding the Deficit and National Debt If the current laws and policies remain unchanged, the Federal Debt will rise even more quickly in the next two decades. By 2053, it may reach an alarming 195% of GDP. This increase is expected to be driven by healthcare spending and interest rates, which will rise as the government borrows more money. Policymakers need to address the Federal Debt crisis to ensure the long-term financial stability of the country. This can be done by implementing policies to reduce the deficit, such as increasing taxes and decreasing spending. Without significant action, the U.S. will continue to face the consequences of a rising Federal Debt, which could have profound economic implications for the country and its citizens. There is no easy answer to address the deficit and debt. The only way to change this trajectory is to increase revenue, reduce spending, or both. The projected GDP growth rate is only 1.7% annually over the next decade. The slow projected GDP growth rate of 1.7% annually over the next decade is a cause for concern, as it suggests that economic growth alone may not be enough to address the growing deficit and debt. Raising taxes may be necessary, but that is always a difficult political option. And there is little room to maneuver on the spending side. While both parties have indicated that Social Security and Medicare are off the table, other mandatory spending could be reduced through Congressional action. Addressing the deficit and debt will require a combination of difficult choices and compromises that will be politically contentious. As investors and individuals planning for retirement, staying informed about these issues and their potential impact on your financial future is essential. This tepid growth makes it unlikely that high GDP growth will increase revenue at current tax rates. In addition, raising tax rates is a problematic political option that further complicates attempts to increase revenue. Meanwhile, the composition of federal spending is a challenge that must be addressed. While only 28% of federal spending is discretionary and, therefore, can be set annually by Congress, almost half of that goes to the national defense, which leaves little room to maneuver. The rest is mandatory spending, including Social Security, Medicare, and interest on the national debt. Remembering that Social Security and Medicare are off the table is critical. However, as we discussed earlier – other mandatory spending could be reduced through Congressional action, which can make a significant difference. The White House released its budget proposal for FY 2024 in March, followed by a counterproposal from House Republicans in April, setting up what is sure to be an intense period of budget negotiations. Finally, it’s important to note that the federal government guarantees U.S. Treasury securities for timely principal and interest payments. However, their principal value fluctuates with market conditions, causing more uncertainty. If not held to maturity, these securities could be worth more or less than the original amount paid, a prospect that can have significant ramifications. Broadridge “The Debt Ceiling and Deficit Spending”

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Application Programming Interface (API): An API, or application programming interface, is a collection of guidelines and protocols that enables information sharing and communication across various software applications. It serves as a sort of middleman, allowing several programs to communicate and cooperate even if they were not created using the same technologies or programming languages. Through the usage of APIs, many software applications can communicate with one another and share information, improving the interconnectedness and coherence of the user experience. Artificial Intelligence (AI): The ability of machines to accomplish tasks that traditionally require human intelligence, such as language comprehension, problem-solving, and learning. The creation of algorithms and systems that can process, analyse, and analyze huge volumes of data and make decisions based on that data is how artificial intelligence (AI) is realized. Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA): Through the use of CUDA, large and difficult issues can be divided into smaller ones and solved simultaneously by computers. Using specialized components called GPUs, the computer is made to operate faster and more effectively. Like when you have several friends assist you in solving a puzzle, it moves along much more quickly than if you try to do it all by yourself. The term “CUDA” is a trademark of NVIDIA Corporation, which developed and popularized the technology. The procedure of cleaning, converting, and normalizing raw data in order to make it suitable for inclusion in a machine learning model. Deep Learning (DL): A branch of computer learning that extracts complicated patterns from data using deep neural networks with many layers. Because computers can only comprehend numbers, we must portray words as numbers if we want a computer to understand language. To do it, use an embedding. As an example, we take the word “cat” and translate it into a numerical representation that accurately conveys its meaning. In order to accomplish this, we employ a unique algorithm that considers the word in relation to the surrounding words. The resulting number is a representation of the word’s meaning that the computer can use to comprehend the word’s meaning and its relationship to other words. For instance, due to their same meaning, the words “kitten” and “cat” may have an embedding that is comparable. The term “dog” might be embedded differently from “cat” because of its varied connotations. This enables the computer to comprehend word associations and comprehend language. The method of choosing and developing additional features from unprocessed data that can be utilized to enhance a machine learning model’s performance. On Ai-Hunter.io, the phrase “Freemium” may appear frequently. Simply said, it indicates that the tool you’re looking at has both free and premium versions. The utilization of the tool is typically fairly limited at the free tier but infinite, with further access and features being added at the subscription tiers. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN): A kind of computer program that builds new things by pitting two neural networks against one another, such visuals or music. As the other network, known as the discriminator, verifies the data’s authenticity, the first network, known as the generator, generates new data. With feedback from the discriminator, which gets better at spotting bogus data, the generator develops its data generation. Unless the generator is able to provide data that is nearly difficult for the discriminator to distinguish from genuine data, this back and forth process must continue. GANs have a number of uses, such as producing realistic photos, movies, and music, eliminating noise from photographs and videos, and inventing new art forms. A computer program or algorithm is used to generate visual or auditory output in the creation of generative art. It frequently entails applying randomization or mathematical formulas to produce singular, unpredictable, and perhaps chaotic outcomes. Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT): Generative Pretrained Transformer is referred to as GPT. It is a specific kind of expansive language model created by OpenAI. Giant Language model Test Room (GLTR): GLTR is a tool that enables users to determine whether a text was authored by a human or a computer. By examining how each term is used in the text and how likely it is that a machine would have selected that word, it achieves this. GLTR functions as a kind of assistant that provides hints by giving distinct parts of the sentence different colors. Green indicates that the term was most likely written by a person, yellow that it was possibly computer-written, red that it was more likely computer-authored, and violet that it was most likely computer-written. A platform for hosting and working together on software projects is called GitHub. An online tool called Google Colab enables users to share and execute Python programs on the cloud. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): The complex calculations required to show images and video on a computer or other device are handled by a special kind of computer processor known as a GPU, or graphics processing unit. It functions as the graphics system’s brain and excels at performing a ton of math quickly. Computers, smartphones, and gaming consoles are just a few of the devices that utilise graphics processing units (GPUs). They are particularly helpful for activities like playing video games, producing 3D graphics, or executing machine learning algorithms that demand a lot of computing power. A framework called LangChain enables users to link artificial intelligence models to outside data sources. The technology enables the development of agents or chatbots that may act on behalf of users by allowing users to chain together commands or questions from various sources. It seeks to streamline the procedure for integrating AI models with outside data sources, opening the door to more sophisticated and potent AI applications. Large Language Model (LLM): A kind of machine learning model that can produce language that sounds natural since it has been trained on a lot of text data. Machine Learning (ML): A strategy for instructing computers to learn from data without explicit programming. Natural Language Processing (NLP): A branch of artificial intelligence that aims to educate computers how to interpret, analyze, and produce human language. An algorithm for machine learning that is based on how the brain works and is structured. Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF): Among other things, Neural Radiance Fields are a class of deep learning model that can be applied to image synthesis, object detection, and segmentation. NeRFs are modeled after the idea of utilizing a neural network to simulate an image’s radiance, which is a gauge of how much light an item emits or reflects. A research organization called OpenAI is dedicated to creating and advancing ethical, open-source, and societally useful artificial intelligence technology. One issue that frequently arises in machine learning is when a model performs well on training data but poorly on fresh, untainted data. That happens when the model is overly complicated and has learned too many specifics from the training data, which makes it difficult for it to generalize. A prompt is a passage of text used to fuel and direct the construction of a substantial language model. Popular high-level programming language Python is renowned for its ease of use, readability, and versatility (many AI tools use it) A kind of machine learning where the model picks up new skills through error, getting rewarded or penalized for its actions, and changing its behavior as necessary. Spatial computing is the application of technology to augment the real world with digital data and experiences. This can include technologies like virtual reality, which allows you to fully immerse yourself in a digital environment, or augmented reality, which adds digital information to what you see in the actual world. It can alter how we connect with the outside world and one another and has a wide range of applications, including those in design, education, and entertainment. On the basis of word prompts, Stable Diffusion creates intricate creative pictures. It is an open source, publicly available image synthesis AI model. There are various online user interfaces that employ Stable Diffusion models as well as scripts that can be used to install Stable Diffusion locally. A kind of machine learning where the input data is labeled for training and the model is taught to produce predictions based on the associations between the input data and the related labels. A type of machine learning where the model is trained to look for patterns and relationships in the data on its own and where the training data is unlabeled. Using a webhook, one computer program can instantly communicate data or messages to another program over the internet. It operates by directing the message or data to the other program’s specified URL. Process automation and making it simpler for various programs to cooperate and communicate are two common uses for webhooks. They are a helpful tool for developers who want to make connectors across various software systems or build bespoke applications.

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https://fr.ai-hunter.io/glossaire-ia/

2024-12-06T21:12:36Z

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Can you discuss the concept of banded sleeve gastrectomy? Banded sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure designed to help individuals struggling with obesity achieve significant weight loss. It involves the removal of a large portion of the stomach, leaving behind a sleeve-like structure. In addition, a band or ring is placed around the remaining portion of the stomach to restrict its size and control food intake. This procedure is gaining popularity as it not only helps patients lose weight, but also reduces their appetite and improves their overall health. In this article, we will discuss the concept of banded sleeve gastrectomy, its benefits, the surgical procedure involved, and the potential risks and complications. What is Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Comprehensive Overview Banded sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure that is commonly used as a treatment for obesity. It involves the removal of a portion of the stomach to create a smaller, sleeve-shaped stomach. This smaller stomach restricts the amount of food that can be consumed, leading to weight loss. In addition to the removal of a portion of the stomach, a band is placed around the remaining part of the stomach to further restrict the size of the opening between the smaller stomach and the intestines. This band can be adjusted as needed to optimize weight loss and manage any complications that may arise. The Surgical Technique of Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Step-by-Step Guide The Surgical Technique of Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy is a complex procedure that requires a step-by-step approach for success. This technique involves creating a small, sleeve-shaped stomach pouch and placing a band around it to limit its capacity. The first step in this procedure is to make a small incision in the abdomen and insert a laparoscope. The surgeon then carefully removes a large portion of the stomach, leaving only a narrow tube or sleeve. Once this is done, the surgeon carefully places a band around the sleeve to restrict the amount of food the patient can consume. By following this detailed guide, surgeons can effectively perform the banded sleeve gastrectomy procedure. Advantages and Potential Disadvantages of Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy Banded sleeve gastrectomy, a weight loss surgery, has several advantages. Firstly, it is a minimally invasive procedure, which means lower risk of complications and a faster recovery time for patients. Moreover, it produces significant weight loss results, helping individuals with obesity achieve their weight loss goals. Additionally, banded sleeve gastrectomy helps in reducing the risk of obesity-related health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea. It also improves quality of life by enhancing mobility and self-confidence. However, there are potential disadvantages to consider, including the risks that come with any surgical procedure, such as infection or bleeding. Additionally, it may require long-term lifestyle changes and careful monitoring to maintain weight loss and avoid potential complications. Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy vs. Traditional Sleeve Gastrectomy: Choosing the Right Procedure When it comes to weight loss surgeries, there are several options available, but two of the most common procedures are the banded sleeve gastrectomy and the traditional sleeve gastrectomy. Both of these procedures aim to provide significant weight loss and improve overall health. However, there are some key differences between the two that need to be considered when choosing the right procedure. The banded sleeve gastrectomy involves placing an adjustable band around the stomach, which can be tightened or loosened as needed. This helps restrict the amount of food intake and slows down digestion. On the other hand, the traditional sleeve gastrectomy involves removing a large portion of the stomach, leaving behind a smaller sleeve-shaped stomach. This reduces the amount of food that can be consumed at one time. Common Concerns and FAQs about Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy is a popular weight loss surgery that involves removing a portion of the stomach and placing an adjustable band around the remaining part. Many people have concerns about the safety and effectiveness of this procedure. One common concern is whether the band will cause complications or discomfort. It is important to note that complications can occur with any surgery, but the risk can be minimized with proper surgical techniques and post-operative care. Additionally, the band can be adjusted as needed to ensure optimal comfort and weight loss. Another concern is the long-term success of the surgery. It is important to understand that while the surgery can be highly effective for weight loss, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet are crucial for long-term success. Success Stories and Long-term Effects of Banded Sleeve Gastrectomy Banded sleeve gastrectomy, also known as gastric sleeve surgery with a gastric band placed around the stomach, has shown impressive success stories among individuals struggling with obesity. Many patients who underwent this procedure experienced significant weight loss, leading to improved overall health and a higher quality of life. Not only did they shed excess pounds, but they also observed positive long-term effects such as decreased risk of obesity-related diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea. Moreover, banded sleeve gastrectomy has proven to be an effective tool for maintaining weight loss in the long run. With proper post-surgery lifestyle changes, patients can continue to enjoy the benefits and sustain their weight loss. Overall, these success stories and long-term effects highlight the efficacy of banded sleeve gastrectomy as a potential solution for those struggling with obesity. Banded sleeve gastrectomy is a type of weight loss surgery where a restrictive band is placed around the upper part of the stomach to create a smaller stomach pouch. This restricts the amount of food that can be eaten, leading to weight loss. The main difference between banded sleeve gastrectomy and traditional sleeve gastrectomy is the addition of the band around the stomach. Traditional sleeve gastrectomy involves removing a portion of the stomach to create a smaller stomach pouch, without the use of a band. 2. How does the placement of a band around the stomach during a banded sleeve gastrectomy procedure enhance weight loss outcomes? The placement of a band around the stomach during a banded sleeve gastrectomy procedure enhances weight loss outcomes by creating a smaller stomach pouch. This restricts the amount of food that can be consumed at one time, creating a feeling of fullness with smaller portions. The band also helps to slow down the emptying of food from the stomach, keeping patients feeling satisfied for longer periods of time. This restriction and increased feeling of fullness contribute to greater weight loss results. 3. Are there any potential risks or complications associated with banded sleeve gastrectomy that patients should be aware of? Like any surgical procedure, banded sleeve gastrectomy carries potential risks and complications. These may include infection, bleeding, blood clots, leaks at the surgical site, gastric band slippage or erosion, and allergic reactions to anesthesia. There are also risks associated with general anesthesia. It is important for patients to discuss these potential risks and complications with their surgeon prior to undergoing the procedure. 4. Is banded sleeve gastrectomy suitable for everyone seeking weight loss surgery, or are there specific criteria that patients must meet? Banded sleeve gastrectomy is not suitable for everyone seeking weight loss surgery. Generally, patients must meet certain criteria to be considered eligible for the procedure. These criteria may include having a body mass index (BMI) over a certain threshold, having unsuccessfully tried other weight loss methods, and not having medical conditions that would make surgery risky. Additionally, patients must be committed to making long-term lifestyle changes to support weight loss and overall health. 5. How does the long-term success rate of banded sleeve gastrectomy compare to other weight loss surgery options? The long-term success rate of banded sleeve gastrectomy is generally comparable to other weight loss surgery options. However, individual results may vary. It is important to note that weight loss surgery is not a guarantee for long-term weight loss success. Patients must also make dietary and lifestyle changes and actively participate in a comprehensive weight loss program to optimize and maintain their weight loss results. 6. Are there any dietary or lifestyle changes that patients must make following a banded sleeve gastrectomy procedure to optimize weight loss results? Yes, following a banded sleeve gastrectomy procedure, patients must make certain dietary and lifestyle changes to optimize weight loss results. These may include transitioning to a diet of smaller, more frequent meals, focusing on protein-rich foods, avoiding high-calorie and sugary foods, staying hydrated, and engaging in regular physical activity. It is important for patients to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized plan that suits their individual needs and goals.

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According to laws of physics, every object produces heat and functions as a product of energy usage. This fact is evident in devices such as personal desktops, mainframes and high-end gadgets that produce heat during normal functioning due to their electrical energy use. Unfortunately, most of these devices are prone to excessive heating, especially when used for an extensive period. Heat sinks are the solution provided by our thermal management solutions company to prevent overheating in such cases. They are auxiliary components that allow cool air circulate within the device thus directing the heat away from it. Since they are made of aluminum or copper, heat sinks are an excellent way to protect your expensive devices. Heat sinks made of aluminum can be attached to devices that you want to protect in various ways depending on the properties of attachments. It also depends on the type of device you want to protect. Ideally, heat sinks are placed close to the source of heat in order to cool the device efficiently. However, some heat sinks are designed to be placed near vents to improve the circulation of air in the targeted device. Other heat sinks work best when placed close to hardware components that constitute the device in order to maintain the functionality of these sensitive areas for the long run. Heat sinks made of copper or aluminum come in a wide range of variants, and some are more effective and powerful than others, such as those produced by aluminum die casting by heatsinks manufacturers. Nevertheless, before purchasing these heat sinks, it is important that you understand their specifications, standards of the manufacturer as well as properties to learn about their benefits and effectiveness. Contact Getec Industrial at 888-999-8499 or email us for information at [email protected].

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The first study ever to examine sleeping behavior in a wild group of primates has challenged a central tenet of sleep science: that we must make up for lost sleep. Even after sleeping poorly, wild baboons still spent time on other priorities, such as socializing with group-mates or looking out for predators, rather than catching up on lost sleep. The team of scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and the University of California, Davis used non-invasive technology to monitor sleep patterns across almost an entire group of individuals at once. The findings lay bare the competing priorities that suppress sleep homeostasis in wild primate societies—raising the possibility that humans have navigated sleep deprivation throughout our evolutionary history. Studies of sleep have revealed that animals of every species, from honey bees to humans, put aside a portion of each day to rest. But, with some notable exceptions, all sleep studies share the same thing in common: they were conducted on animals in the laboratory. In laboratory settings, animals perform the phenomenon known as sleep homeostasis—an animal with an accumulated sleep debt will later sleep longer or more deeply than usual. Sleep homeostasis has long been considered a key criterion in the very definition of sleep. But the new study published in eLife demonstrates that animals in the wild face a slew of ecological and social demands that can disrupt sleep homeostasis. Specifically, baboons sacrificed sleep to stay awake in new environments and to remain close to their group-mates, regardless of how much they had slept the prior night or how much they had exerted themselves the preceding day. The study was led by PhD student Carter Loftus from the University of California, Davis. He said: “The competing priorities that lead humans to accumulate sleep debt might seem unique to a modern, industrialized society like ours. But our findings demonstrate that non-human primates also sacrifice sleep, even when it might be unhealthy to do so, to partake in other activities. The tradeoff between sleep and other pressing demands on our time is, therefore, one that we have likely been navigating throughout our evolution.” “Baboons are highly vulnerable to night-time predation and their fitness depends on maintaining strong social bonds. Trading off sleep to maintain alertness in novel, risky environments and to remain close to group-mates during the night may therefore represent an essential adaptation.” To identify when animals were sleeping and when they were awake, the team collected high resolution movement data from GPS trackers and accelerometers attached to almost all baboons in a troop. As the first study to investigate collective sleeping behavior in wild primates, the findings bring to light the unknown social costs and benefits associated with sleep in animal societies. Baboons experienced shorter, more fragmented sleep when sleeping near more of their group-mates. However, they also synchronized periods of nocturnal awakening with nearby individuals, suggesting that baboons may have actually been interacting with each other and strengthening their social bonds over night. Meg Crofoot, director of the Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and Professor at the University of Konstanz, is the senior author of this study and was the first to apply GPS tracking and accelerometry technology to study social behavior in primate societies. “We discovered that sleep is a collective behavior in baboon groups. Group-mates were highly coordinated in their patterns of awakening during the night, which in turn led to shorter and more fragmented sleep. Our results show that these highly gregarious animals are balancing their physiological need for sleep with the social pressures of group living.” Working at the at the Mpala Research Centre in Kenya, the team fitted 26 wild baboons with GPS and accelerometry collars. In contrast to well-established methods used in sleep studies, which typically involve surgically implanting electrodes to measure brain activity via electroencephalography, the technique used in the present study represents a non-invasive alternative that can identify periods of sleep and wakefulness in wild, free ranging animals. The GPS trackers provided information on where the animals moved. This enabled the researchers to answer questions such as: how far the animals had traveled during the day, in which sleep site they slept, and with whom they slept. The accelerometers, which are similar to smartwatch and Fitbit technology, gave ultra high-resolution information on body movements. By applying an algorithm adapted from studies of human sleep, the researchers used accelerometry data to determine when the baboons were asleep or when they were awake. They then used thermal video recordings of sleeping baboons to validate their findings. “This study opens an exciting new frontier of scientific inquiry into the dynamics of sleep,” adds Crofoot. “The accelerometry-based method can be easily and cheaply integrated into studies tracking animals in their natural habitats, allowing us to massively expand what we know about sleep across a range of species. In the same way, the technique can be applied to many individuals at the same time, paving the way for understanding how sleeping in groups shapes the structures of animal societies.”

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://globalhealthnewswire.com/research/2022/03/01/no-time-to-nap-in-nature

2024-12-06T20:34:53Z

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The United Nations Biodiversity Conference, COP15, concluded in mid December in Montreal, Canada with an ambitious and historic global agreement among 196 of the almost 200 countries in attendance, though not including the United States. The agreement – a new “global biodiversity framework” – containing various goals and targets, requires all nations to dramatically increase their efforts for protecting and restoring nature. The centrepiece is the “30 by 30” ambition, which commits governments “to ensure and enable” that, by 2030, at least 30 percent of land and sea is “effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures”. The agreement is extremely significant moment for conservation and our planet’s biodiversity (the myriad species with which we share our world) because, though not legally binding, it represents a goal. This goal will focus ambition, effort, action and assessment in a similar manner to the 1.5C goal in the Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation and adaptation. In fact, many delegates at COP15 described it as a “Paris moment” for the world’s animal and plant life. Being a global goal, it means that the world’s most biodiverse countries have committed to protecting areas seen as the “lungs of the planet” – the tropical forests of the Amazon, the Congo basin and Indonesia. Thirty percent is a significant increase because, as The Guardian reports, only 17 percent of terrestrial and 10 percent of marine areas are currently protected globally, with Australia protecting 22 percent of its land areas and listing 17 percent of its waters as marine sanctuaries. The framework also reaffirms the rights of Indigenous peoples and ensures they have a voice in any decision-making. It explicitly recognises Indigenous Peoples’ rights, roles, territories, and knowledge. Named the Kunming-Montreal pact, because COP15 has essentially been split into two parts in China and Canada, the full agreement consists of four goals and 23 targets ranging from increasing protected areas, to reducing pollution, to eliminating and mitigating the effects of invasive species. In combination, the targets mean counties have committed to “urgent management actions to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species” by 2030. It responds to evidence that, despite ongoing efforts, biodiversity is deteriorating worldwide at rates unprecedented in human history. The vision of the framework is a world living in harmony with nature where: “By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people.” The agreement in summary Carbon Pulse summarises the pact’s goals and targets as being to: - maintain, enhance, or restore the integrity, connectivity, and resilience of all ecosystems by 2050, substantially increasing the area of natural ecosystems by that year, - protect at least 30 percent of terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine ecosystems by 2030, and ensure that loss of areas with high biodiversity importance is close to zero by 2030, - take urgent action to ensure the end of human-induced species extinction by 2030, - ensure safe trade of wild species and eliminate, minimise, or reduce the impacts of invasive species, - reduce pollution risks from all sources, - ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the utilisation of genetic resources via the establishment of a multilateral fund, which will be finalised at COP16 in Turkey in 2024, - ensure the full integration of biodiversity into policy-making processes, - take measures to encourage and enable business to regularly report on their risks, dependencies, and impact on biodiversity, - reduce incentives, including subsidies, that are harmful to biodiversity by at least $500 bln globally by 2030, and - raise at least $200 bln per year from all sources including the private sector by 2030, and at least $20 bln per year by 2025 and $30 bln by 2030 from developed countries. The agreement also commits governments to minimise the impact of climate change and foster positive impacts of climate action in relation to biodiversity. It also ensures that large and transnational companies and financial institutions regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity throughout their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios. It also imposes an obligation for national governments to monitor or report on a set of headline indicators at least every five years, which include the percentage of land and sea they have conserved, as well as the number of national companies that published regular reports on their biodiversity impacts and dependencies. Criticisms and shortcomings Despite the never-before achieved level of international commitment and cooperation for the animals, plants and ecosystems of the world, the momentousness of the occasion has been tempered with caution from conservation, scientific and some government corners, particularly in relation to the absence of certain quantitative targets. The contention is that, without specific numbers to aim for, it is harder to assess and make countries accountable. For example, Stuart Butchart, the chief scientist at BirdLife International was much quoted as saying that a commitment to significantly reduce extinction risk by 2030 was important and very welcome, “though we would have liked to have seen a quantitative target here as for other targets.” An Lambrechts, head of the Greenpeace delegation at COP15, agreed, adding that it was ”stripped-down, without essential qualifiers that exclude damaging activities from protected areas.” The Australian delegation, led by Environment Minister Tanya Plibersek, pushed for many of the critical inclusions in the pact – including the 30 percent protection goal – but was unable to secure a global commitment that would reflect the domestic zero-extinctions policy it announced in October, which is shared by New Zealand and a number of European countries. Australian Conservation Foundation chief executive Kelly O’Shanassy stated that, “Many of the world’s threatened species, including Australia’s, are on a pathway to go extinct well before 2050 …it is not acceptable for a framework on biodiversity to allow for extinctions to continue for another 28 years. Australia has a goal of no new extinctions – that’s a goal the world should have supported.” Many have also pointed out that the agreement contains loopholes, weak language and timelines around actions that don’t adequately address the scale of the crisis. Brendan Wintle, an expert in conservation ecology at the University of Melbourne, told The Age, “We have a general sense of positivity that the agreement signals an important shift in terms of government and business interest, but we still hold significant concerns about the pace of change.” The final text of the agreement also removed targets intended to halve business impacts on biodiversity, and limited disclosure of impacts from large and transnational companies. Another common criticism is that there is little detail on the $30 bln which is to flow from developed countries to poorer countries – particularly given that disadvantaged nations were calling for the figure to be $100 bln – and that it is not legally binding. Writing in The Conversation, a group of eminent scientists observed that,”…language on the ‘circular economy’, didn’t make it in, and explicit targets were removed from earlier drafts regarding the regulation of plastics and pollution, instead replaced with generic language of ‘prevent’ and ‘reduce’.” So – what now? However, regardless of the shortcomings, the fact that an agreement has been struck between such a large and unprecedented number of countries in relation to nature conservation is ground-breaking. It is widely considered to be a very positive starting point, despite the flaws identified by various parties. It is also generally viewed as a moment from which action can and must begin. In this regard, on Twitter, EU Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen, said, “I welcome the historic outcome of COP15. The world has agreed on unprecedented and measurable nature protection and restoration goals and on a Global Biodiversity Fund. And investing into nature also means fighting climate change.” Marco Lambertini, Director General, WWF International provided perhaps one of the neatest summations: “The agreement represents a major milestone for the conservation of our natural world, and biodiversity has never been so high on the political and business agenda…Agreeing a shared global goal that will guide collective and immediate action to halt and reverse nature loss by 2030 is an exceptional feat for those that have been negotiating the Global Biodiversity Framework, and a win for people and planet. It sends a clear signal and must be the launch pad for action from governments, business and society to transition towards a nature-positive world…”

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Plaque is the sticky film forming on teeth when there are bacteria that have mixed with sugar and starchy foods. Everyone develops dental plaque. Brushing and flossing your teeth is what removes plaque. It leads to cavities or caries, a less severe form of gum disease called gingivitis, and tooth loss. Visit the dentist regularly to remove plaque and tartar. What causes plaque If bacteria in the mouth mix with starchy and sugary foods, they form a sticky substance called plaque. The foods that make plaque formation possible include sweets, pasta, fruit, juice, and bread. The bacteria in the mouth release acids and it breakdowns the carbohydrates in drinks and foods. Brush the teeth soon after you eat and drink to prevent plaque from forming. Treatment of plaque Good dental health means that you brush and floss daily at least twice a day, this is because it prevents the build-up of plaque and tartar. The dentist will remove plaque and tartar from teeth using a scaler and probe and if the dentist notices that your teeth have oral problems they may recommend dental sealants to keep the plaque from forming, dry mouth medication so that your mouth produces saliva more. The dentist might also recommend fluoride treatments so that they can slow down the bacteria that cause plaque formation and tooth decay. Finally, they might recommend the use of antibacterial mouth wash. How can I prevent plaque? To prevent dental plaque, you need to brush and floss daily, chew sugarless gum mainly after drinking and eating, choose to eat healthy foods that do not have sugars, and are less starchy and acidic. You can opt for nutritious foods like cheese, raw vegetables, and plain yogurt. Ensure that you see the dentist regularly and finally use an antiseptic mouth wash. We will restore your dental health if you visit us. EASY TO FIND LOCATION Next to the Marysville Safeway Plaza Dental Blog | Tania Tran, DMD - Grove Street Family Dentistry Dr. Tania Tran has provided this educational blog as a resource for the community. We hope that this blog will cover subjects you may be interested in. Call us! Grove Street Family Dentistry - Tania Tran, DMD, 1533 Grove Street, Marysville, WA 98270-4325 ~ (360) 659-3200 ~ grovestreetdentist.com ~ 12/6/2024 ~ Associated Words: dentist ~

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State Board Curriculam At Hamdan Mission we follow curriculum of West Bengal Board of Primary Education, West Bengal Board of Secondary Education and West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education for general subjects. We have amended it with top-quality teaching and assessment resources appropriate for teaching and learning. At Hamdan Mission, we offer a comprehensive curriculum that covers a diverse range of subjects, including Bengali, Mathematics, English, Science, History, Geography, General Knowledge and Information & Communication Technology (ICT). Our goal is to provide students with a well-rounded education that prepares them for academic success and equips them with essential skills for the modern world. In Bengali, students develop language proficiency and a strong connection to their cultural roots. Mathematics fosters logical thinking, problem-solving, and numerical literacy. English classes enhance language skills and effective communication. Science encourages scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and hands-on experimentation. History and Geography deepen understanding of the past, cultures, and the world. General Knowledge broadens horizons through exploring diverse topics and current affairs. ICT equips students with digital literacy, technological competence, and the ability to navigate an increasingly interconnected world. Our dedicated faculty ensures engaging lessons, interactive activities, and assessments that foster excellence in these subjects, nurturing students to become well-rounded. Mission develops successful students. They not only build understanding and knowledge required for progression, but also learning and thinking skills that help students become independent learners and equip them for life. Explore wider and universal issues, promoting students’ better understanding of themselves and of the world around them. +91 87773 73539 +91 90382 57355 Baganda (Monsatala), Baganda, Uluberia, Howrah, 711315, WB

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President Lincoln signs the Second Confiscation Act authorizing freedom for confiscated slaves Senator Lyman Trumbull had introduced the Second Confiscation Act in early December, 1861. After months of debate and amendment the measure passed both houses. It gave the first clear instructions on the confiscation and emancipation of slaves in the states in rebellion. Slave owners there were given sixty days to return to the Union or have their slaves freed. All escaped or confiscation slaves were to be declared free. The act also included a controversial proviso to fund the colonization of freed blacks. (By John Osborne) John Syrett, The Civil War Confiscation Acts: Failing to Reconstruct the South (New York: Fordham University Press, 2005), pp. 20-54.

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Does Every House Have a Septic Tank? Everything You Want to Know! - Pete Ortiz - Last updated: Septic tanks are vital installations for the removal of wastes from any property. However, not every house has a septic tank installation, even though every house requires a functional waste management system to deal with household waste. In fact, only about 20% of houses have a septic system. Most people favor public sewer systems to dispose of wastewater in the city. As important as a septic tank is, most people have a first encounter with them when purchasing their homes. Yet, since some people do not understand how septic tanks work, they never really know what buying a house with a septic tank entails. In this article, we will discuss why some properties are served by a septic tank system and why others rely on the public sewer system. Read on to learn more. Septic Systems on Different Properties The kind of waste management system used in a household depends on the existing design within an area and the locality. The house will be connected to the public sewer system if your home is located within a municipality that offers an infrastructure for waste management. As a municipality resident, you are expected to pay some fee to help maintain the public sewer system. However, a private waste disposal system is pertinent for those who live in a rural area that lacks a public sewer system. These private systems usually include a leach field and a septic tank to purify household effluent. As an owner of a septic tank, it is your sole responsibility to keep your system functional and operational. How Do I Know If I Have a Septic Tank? There are several ways you can determine if a property is connected to the municipal sewer system or has a septic tank. Here is how: - You can ask your real estate agent to search the property records. Since a waste management system is an important home fixture, it should be appropriately documented. - Consult the local government to determine whether a house is zoned for a septic or public sewer system. - Check for septic system markers in a house, such as risers and lids, entry points, and septic vents protruding from the ground. - Use your agents to contact previous house owners to inquire if the property has a functional or decommissioned septic system. - If you live in a neighborhood with a block of houses, you can inquire from your neighbors about the type of waste management system the block utilizes. - Use engineering plans or consult a property survey to find out the location of the septic system. The 8 Types of Septic Systems That May Be Installed in Your Property Septic systems are the most cost-effective option for disposing of household waste products. They help get rid of the costs of sewer bills and are ideal for properties located in rural areas where municipal systems cannot reach them. However, the type of septic system you can find in a house will vary depending on soil type, location, number of occupants in a household, and many more. The different types of septic systems you can expect to find in a house feature a septic tank, and they include: 1. Conventional Septic Systems These systems typically consist of a gravel or trench drain installed in family homes. However, some of the conventional septic systems feature a gravelless drain field made from ecologically friendly materials to help reduce the environmental footprint of the system. 2. Drip Distribution Septic Systems These septic systems are usually installed in less soil when compared to other septic systems. However, they require a pump tank to force wastewater into the drip tubing. 3. Aerobic Septic Systems These systems work the same as small-scale sewer systems (by forcing oxygen into the septic tank), which helps increase the bacteria count in the tank. This helps treat waste effluent more effectively, especially for systems located in areas with soil that does not meet the best conditions for the installation of a septic system. 4. Mound Septic Systems These systems consist of dirt or sand mounts that the septic system trench leads to and where wastes drain out. Mound systems are usually installed in regions where shallow bedrock or soil is present. 5. Sand Filter Systems Recirculating sand filter systems work the same way as mound septic systems by forcing household wastes from the septic tank to a pump. This helps purify waste by running it through a sand filter, releasing it into the ground to disperse. Sand filters are very effective at decomposing nutrients in wastewater, but they are quite expensive. 6. Evapotranspiration Bed Septic Systems This septic system is quite different from the above-mentioned ones because it features different drain fields. When wastewater enters the drain field, it evaporates into the atmosphere without ever reaching the groundwater or the soil. 7. Constructed Wetland Septic System This system forces wastewater into a wetland cell that helps filter harmful bacteria by running it through microorganisms and plants before directing it into the drain field. 8. Cluster Septic Systems This type of septic system usually collects wastewater from several properties and directs it to a different treatment system before releasing it into the drain field. Considerations When Installing or Buying a House With a Septic Tank Septic tanks are expensive household installations. However, installing one will significantly save you a lot of money over time, especially if you opt for a plastic septic tank. Maintenance practices are vital, depending on the septic tank system, but they do not need frequent replacing until the tank stops working properly, gets old, or gets outgrown. Before installing a septic tank or when buying a house with one, here are some important aspects to consider. - Understand Your Local Laws Local laws usually have rules and specifications regarding septic maintenance, inspection, and replacement. Some local health departments and states insist on septic tank inspection before selling a home. They may also require you to install a larger septic tank if you opt to add plumbing or expand your home. - Get Your Septic System Inspected Septic systems require regular maintenance and inspection to avoid problems. Inspectors are required to check for proper ventilation, drainage, and the integrity of the septic system. They also check for clogging or leaking issues and any other potential problems before they become unsolvable. Usually, septic system inspections should happen after every three years, but most people tend to forgo them. Nevertheless, if you are about to purchase a home with a septic system, ensure that you ask for the inspection history. By reviewing these reports, you can find out about any previous system issues, such as clogged filters and tree roots blocking the pipe. - Know Your Septic System Specifications You also need to have an idea of the type of specifications that your septic tank features. The liters of the tank will help you determine the draining frequency of your tank. Besides the size, you also need to ascertain the installation period of your septic tank because it requires replacement every 20 to 40 years. Depending on the size of your tank, you can spend about $3,000 to $10,000 to replace a faulty septic tank. Of course, this will also depend on where your property is located. - Understand Issues Related to Septic Systems If a septic tank is not properly maintained, issues like clogged or ruptured pipes, flooded drain fields, or leaks can result in a big mess on your property. For example, if heavy rains cause your yard to flood, but your septic tank is not heavy enough to handle its weight, it could end up floating or moving and damage the connecting pipes. Furthermore, if the drain field or the septic tank has too much liquid, it may not be able to drain fast enough or at all. This normally creates backflow problems, especially if you constantly run things like a washing machine or dishwasher or take frequent baths and showers. Finally, you need to know how to detect and understand potential issues in your septic tank before they escalate. You should be able to detect issues like odd plumbing sounds, unusual odors, backflow, and slow drainage issues. These are all signs that require septic tank inspection. Septic Tank Maintenance Practices Some types of waste should not go down your drain, whether you have a septic tank or are connected to the main sewer system. The only difference is since septic tanks require a specific environment to be effective, if you flush some material that destroys the bacterial environment, you risk messing up your septic system. Some hygiene products, such as dental floss, oil, hair, and cat litter or paper towels, can cause clogs in the system and hamper drainage. The clogs can result in leaky pipes or sewage flowing back into your property. Therefore, it is pertinent that anything that you flush down your drain is safe for the septic tank and can dissolve over time. Even some products like bleach, despite being a great cleaning agent, could kill the beneficial microbes in the septic tank that help break down household waste products. As mentioned earlier, you must regularly maintain your septic system to avoid draining issues in your property. If your house has a septic system, you have to pump out the sludge at least once every few years. You might also want to use biological additives to increase the microbe count in the septic tank. These include beneficial enzymes and bacteria that help dissolve scum and sludge. Furthermore, adding additives can help increase the time required between septic tank cleanings. Septic systems may be some of the most viable waste management systems, but they do not require installation on just any property. They are best suited for homeowners who live in an urban setting but are not connected to the municipal sewer system. They are also ideal for people who reside in rural areas where the public sewer system cannot reach them. If you live in a rural area, septic tanks are the most effective and convenient installation for removing household waste. Getting a septic tank installed in a property can be a headache for most people, but with proper and regular maintenance, you can keep your septic system safe for several years. If you purchase a house with a septic system, you should request inspection documents to help you determine the exact location of the septic tank. If you want to install a new one in your home or expand your property, remember that septic tanks are subject to local laws and regulations. Featured Image Credit: Yuri Snegur, Shutterstock

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Dr. Leonard Sax MD, PhD is striving to make sense out of the phenomenon he sees in his clinical practice and in schools: boys who have lost their passion and girls who cannot find their identity. In his books, Boys Adrift and Girls on the Edge, Sax offers several reasons for the difficulties that children face including teaching methods, technology and even environmental toxins. He believes we need to consider how a student’s gender impacts his learning and gives a very detailed account of biological and psychological differences between the sexes that play a role in education but are often overlooked or neglected. Refreshingly, it seems at first that Sax affirms the reality of sexual difference and gender—indeed, given his medical/biological background, he cannot help but acknowledge the difference that is self-evident to us all. However, as Sax attempts to explain the origins of gender itself he removes it from its place in the body and ultimately weakens not only his acute observations but also the entire point of writing these books at all. Still, it is worth looking at the books not only to take his observations into consideration, but also to try and understand why and how his gender theory goes so wrong. Many of the gender differences he sees can be discussed in the context of three broader areas: curriculum, environment, and the teacher. Let us take a look at each in turn. Early in Boys Adrift Sax provides an explanation of how the school curriculum has changed over the last 30 years. Specifically, he reflects on the kindergarten curriculum, which he demonstrates is not developmentally appropriate for boys: “Asking five-year-old boys to learn to read―when they’d rather be running around or playing games―may be the worst possible introduction to school, at least for some boys” (18). This is not because boys have changed but rather because the curriculum now expects much more of a child who is, especially if a boy, developmentally unprepared for reading and writing. To demonstrate this point Sax cites studies of brain development that clearly distinguish between the genders. He explains, “It now appears that the language areas of the brain in many five-year-old boys look like the language areas of the brain of the average three-and-a-half-year-old girl” (18). The girls in the modern kindergarten classroom may be better suited to reading and writing but the boys may not be developmentally capable. He later describes how this often leads to teachers explaining to parents that their son is unable to sit still and focus on tasks and could have ADHD, but in reality the child is simply a normal boy (86). Along with new benchmarks for learning, Sax also cites changes in the kind of learning that is expected of children. He explains the difference between knowing something experientially (Kenntnis) and book knowledge (Wissenschaft) and the way that these different types of learning have been valued throughout history and across cultures. He suggests that our lack of experiential learning in the curriculum is a reason why boys disengage from the classroom while girls are more likely to be successful with a curriculum that focuses more on Wissenschaft because they feel rewarded by pleasing the teacher (cf. 28‒32). He relates: If you ask a boy to read about the life cycle of a tadpole metamorphosing into a frog, but that boy has never touched a frog, never had the experience of jumping around in a stream in his bare feet chasing after a tadpole, he may not see the point. The shift in the curriculum away from Kenntnis toward Wissenschaft has had the unintended consequence of diminishing the motivation of boys to study what they’re asked to learn. (32) He explains that boys are very interested in learning through (and about) movement and action while girls are more interested in understanding what something is and why something is (Girls on the Edge, 136‒40). Sax falls a bit short here: a deeper explanation as to exactly how these different types of learning are rooted in the gender difference is missing. It may be that he truly does not know, though given his attentiveness to the body (and his medical background) it seems strange that he does not go a bit further, drawing out the fact that the male body relates to the world in a more outward way and the female body relates to the world in a more inward way, and that this relationship of the body to the world may also play a role in learning. Sax very strongly advocates single-sex education. He cites numerous studies that show how single-sex education is beneficial to both boys and girls. One of the more interesting studies to which he appeals describes how a team atmosphere in the classroom or school could motivate boys to learn—most boys thrive on competition where there are clear winners and losers and the results are uncertain (Boys Adrift, 45‒47). In one example, Sax describes a class competition and a boy that may not care about the subject or his grade, “but he doesn’t want to let his teammates down. He doesn’t want to risk being the one who got the wrong answer, whose one wrong answer cost the whole team the prize” (47). Girls, on the other hand, “value friendship above team affiliation” and would have difficulty competing against a close friend (47). An all-boys’ school, in his view, allows for the possibility of the kind of competition that truly engages boys. Sax also explains that he has seen many cases of boys who were on medication for ADHD in a co-ed school, “who were able to stop those medications after switching to a boys school, and who blossomed into well-rounded students and athletes after making the transition” (96). Girls, according to his research, focus more on who they are rather than how they look if they are enrolled in an all-girls’ school (Girls on the Edge, 142). To demonstrate this point Sax cites a study by Johns Hopkins sociologist James Coleman who “found that girls at co-ed schools were often more concerned with being pretty and wearing fashionable clothes, as well as having what he called ‘an enticing manner’” (141). The benefits of the school environment go beyond grades, but those are important too. Sax notes that girls perform better academically in an all-girls environment compared to that of a co-ed school (140). As with the interplay between gender and curriculum noted above, it would be most helpful to know more precisely why and how a child’s gender disposes him to interact with his environment. For example, what is it about being a girl in a co-ed school that makes her more focused on how she looks? What is it about being a boy in a co-ed school that makes him more likely to disengage from school? That is to say, why does the gender difference actually make a difference? The Teacher, Coach or Mentor According to Sax, boys and girls need slightly different things from their teachers. Boys need strong role models, whereas girls are interested in a teacher who cares about them as a person (Girls on the Edge, 154). He explains: If the teacher cares about each girl as a person and truly wants to listen to what’s going on in each girl’s life, the girls will know it. Girls will work harder for such a teacher, even if they don’t much like algebra or geometry, because they don’t want to disappoint the teacher. If a boy finds a subject boring and doesn’t care about getting a good grade, then he’s not likely to worry much about disappointing the teacher, even if the teacher is kind and caring. But for a girl, knowing that a teacher really cares about her is a powerful motivator. (154) The rewards of grades and adult approval motivate a girl to learn and do well (128). Girls are more likely to follow rules and care about what grown-ups think, and they place a high value on self-esteem (Boys Adrift, 26, 50). To again push Sax further, what about her nature makes a girl care about her relationship to the teacher or performing well? In both books Dr. Sax laments that our culture no longer provides adolescents with help in transitioning into adulthood, the kind of help that traditionally came from adults in the community. He notes: We ignore the importance of these traditions at our peril. Manhood isn’t something that simply happens to boys as they get older. It’s an achievement―something a boy accomplishes, something that can easily go awry. If we ignore the importance of this transition, and fail in our duty as parents to guide boys through it, then we will learn the hard way why traditional cultures invest this transition with so much importance. (171) He describes the need of young boys and girls to have models whom they can imitate and laments that as a culture, “[W]e no longer make any collective effort to provide such models” (167). The result, Sax laments, is that young people will construct their own models and that this contributes to social problems such as violence. Sax does not believe that gender is a social or cultural construct and briefly discusses the idea that the understanding of masculinity and femininity is not universal. He says: Each culture differs somewhat, then, in terms of what is considered masculine behavior. But these variations in cultural attitudes should not confuse us. There are certain constants. There is no enduring culture in which cowardly men are esteemed, or in which brave men are held in contempt. There is no enduring culture in which lazy men are celebrated while hardworking men are despised. (168) He points out that cultures that have lasted for hundreds or thousands of years have one thing in common: they “pass this information one generation to the next in gender-separate communities. Women teach girls what is expected of adult women in their community. Men teach boys” (169). This leads us to the all-important question: if we are going to talk about how gender matters for education, we need to have a clear understanding of gender. What is gender? I have thus far pointed out only a couple of weaknesses I see in these generally helpful books by Sax, but even these few criticisms might seem unfair. One might ask, did he simply intend to provide observations rather than a theory of gender? But, in fact, Sax does provide a theory of gender—one which undercuts almost all of his previous observations. Sax’s view of the gender difference is not ultimately deep enough to hold all of his examples and advice together: despite explaining many biological and psychological differences in detail, he loses his grounding in the last chapter of Girls on the Edge, entitled “Spirit,” when he explains his understanding of gender: All of us, as human beings, have both feminine and masculine dimensions. Fifty years ago, the conventional wisdom was that masculine and feminine are opposites; and in popular culture, that notion is still prevalent. According to that notion, the more feminine you are, the less masculine you are. It’s a one-dimensional either or. Today we have a more informed understanding of the importance of gender in the way we construct ourselves. For three decades now, scholars in the field of gender studies have recognized that masculine and feminine are two independent dimensions. Any individual may be very feminine; or very masculine; or both feminine and masculine, androgynous; or neither feminine or masculine, undifferentiated. It’s a two-dimensional both/and. Masculine and feminine are not exclusive. (185‒86) With the above definition of gender how does one determine his category of belonging? How does one discover his identity? Is gender based on actions? Is gender, then, simply a behavior? How could a person be neither gender? Dr. Sax’s view of gender here excludes the body which was the very focus of much of his earlier research. He goes on to further divide gender from the body when he says: …femininity and masculinity are independent of one another, and different from the biological female and male. A particular girl might be more masculine than she is feminine, while a particular boy might be more feminine than he is masculine. (186) How can Sax account for so many differences biologically if gender is “different from the biological”? What is the body after all? Would it not be easier to account for these differences if masculine and feminine were two separate continuums, with their basis in the body, upon which there could be an infinite variation? While Sax ultimately falls short in his definition of gender and therefore fails to see the body and its deepest meaning, his research and affirmation of the body go further than he does, as it were. His observations make clear that gender and sexual difference are indeed self-evident and for that reason it must be true that keeping gender in mind is important for educating the child. Molly Power has taught in Catholic schools for the last ten years and recently accepted a position as a curriculum writer for Ruah Woods in Cincinnati, Ohio.

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In an era where digital security is paramount, the demand for skilled ethical hackers has skyrocketed. Professional ethical hacking courses offer a gateway to mastering the art and science of cybersecurity, empowering individuals to protect systems from malicious attacks. These courses are meticulously designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of both the theoretical and practical aspects of ethical hacking, ensuring that participants are well-equipped to handle real-world cyber threats. Ethical hacking, also known as penetration testing or white-hat hacking, involves legally breaking into computers and devices to test an organization’s defenses. Unlike malicious hackers, ethical hackers aim to identify and rectify vulnerabilities, thereby enhancing security. Professional ethical hacking courses provide a structured learning path, starting with the basics of cybersecurity and gradually advancing to complex concepts such as network security, cryptography, and advanced penetration testing techniques. One of the key benefits of enrolling in a professional ethical hacking course is the acquisition of hands-on experience. These courses often include labs and real-world simulations that mimic actual cyber-attack scenarios. Participants get the opportunity to practice their skills in a controlled environment, which is crucial for building confidence and competence. By working on simulated attacks, students learn how to think like hackers and develop strategies to thwart potential threats.(ethical hacking classes in warje) Moreover, professional ethical hacking courses are typically led by industry experts who bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the classroom. These instructors not only teach the technical skills needed but also share insights into the latest trends and emerging threats in the cybersecurity landscape. This exposure to current industry practices ensures that learners are always at the cutting edge of cybersecurity. In addition to technical skills, ethical hacking courses also emphasize the importance of legal and ethical considerations. Ethical hackers must adhere to a strict code of conduct and operate within the bounds of the law. Understanding the ethical implications of hacking activities is crucial for maintaining professional integrity and ensuring that security measures do not infringe on privacy rights or violate regulations. Another significant advantage of professional ethical hacking courses is the potential for career advancement. With certifications like Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) or Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP), individuals can significantly enhance their employability. These certifications are highly regarded in the industry and often serve as a benchmark for hiring managers looking for skilled cybersecurity professionals. In conclusion, professional ethical hacking courses are an invaluable investment for anyone looking to build a career in cybersecurity. They provide comprehensive training, practical experience, and industry-recognized certifications that collectively enable individuals to unleash their full potential in the field of ethical hacking. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the skills acquired through these courses will be indispensable in safeguarding the digital world. ICE Institute provides best Ethical hacking classes in warje. To Gain practical skills and certifications in network security, cyber security , and data protection from experienced instructors. Enroll now to safeguard the digital future.

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Creating avatars. Who’s got time for it?! Computers, that’s who. You’ll never have to waste another second selecting your hair style, skin tone, or facial hair length if this research from Facebook finds its way into product form. In a paper (PDF) presented at the International Conference on Computer Vision, Lior Wolf et al. show how they created a machine learning system that creates the best possible match of your real face to one in a custom emoji generator. You may be thinking: wait, didn’t Google do this earlier in the year? Yes, kind of. But there’s a critical difference. Google’s version, while cool, used humans to rate and describe various features found in common among various faces: curly hair, nose types, eye shapes. These were then illustrated (quite well, I thought) as representations of that particular feature. Essentially, the computer looks for the tell-tale signs of a feature like freckles, then grabs the corresponding piece of art from its database. It works, but it’s largely reliant on human input for defining the features . Facebook’s approach was different. The idea being pursued was a system that really makes the best possible representation of a given face, using whatever tools it has at hand. So whether it’s emoji, Bitmoji (shudder), Mii, a VR face generator or anything else, it could still accomplish its task. To paraphrase the researchers, humans do it all the time, so why not AI? The system accomplishes this (to some degree) by judging both the face and the generated representation by the same analysis and feature identification algorithm, as if they were simply two pictures of the same person. When the resulting numbers generated by the two are as close as they seem likely to get, that means the two are visually similar to a sufficient degree. (At some point with these cartoon faces it isn’t going to get much better.) What’s great about this technique is that, because it isn’t tied to any particular avatar type, it works (theoretically) on any of them. As long as there are good representations and bad ones, the system will match them with the actual face and figure out which is which. Facebook could use this information for many useful purposes — perhaps most immediately a bespoke emoji system. It could even update automatically when you put up a picture with a new haircut or trimmed beard. But the avatar-matching work could also be done for other sites — sign into whatever VR game with Facebook, and have it immediately create a convincing version of yourself. And plenty of people out there surely wouldn’t mind if, at the very least, their emoji defaulted to their actual skin color instead of yellow. The full paper is pretty technical, but it was presented at an AI conference, so that’s to be expected. Published at Mon, 23 Oct 2017 22:25:15 +0000

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1. Fusion of Eastern and Western Influences Israeli music stands out for its blend of Eastern and Western sounds. Given Israel’s geographical location, it sits at a crossroads of cultures. From Arabic melodies to European classical structures, Israeli music reflects a fusion of these influences. This hybridization has allowed Israeli artists to create a distinctive sound that resonates globally. 2. The Importance of Lyrics In Israeli music, lyrics are often deeply personal and socially relevant. Songwriters like Arik Einstein and Meir Ariel wrote lyrics addressing themes of love, social justice, and the complexities of Israeli identity. Lyrics are treated as an art form, with poetic structures and biblical references being a common feature in many songs. 3. The Role of Folk and Traditional Music Folk music plays a crucial role in shaping Israeli music. Songs like Yerushalayim Shel Zahav by Naomi Shemer evoke a strong connection to Israeli history and tradition. The deep reverence for the land and its history is a common theme in Israeli folk music, contributing to the emotional weight of many songs. 4. The Mizrahi Influence Mizrahi music, originating from the Middle Eastern and North African Jewish communities, has heavily influenced modern Israeli pop. Artists like Sarit Hadad and Eyal Golan have made Mizrahi music a mainstream phenomenon, characterized by its use of quarter tones, rich vocals, and emotional delivery. The integration of Mizrahi elements into Israeli pop adds a unique layer of depth to the genre. 5. Globalization and Modern Influences With the rise of streaming platforms and social media, Israeli music is more globally connected than ever. Israeli artists like Netta Barzilai and Static and Ben El have embraced global pop trends, from electronic music to hip-hop, while still incorporating local flavors. This combination of modern beats with Israeli identity helps artists reach audiences far beyond Israel’s borders. 6. Israel’s Melting Pot of Cultures One of the most defining features of Israeli music is its ability to reflect the diverse cultural backgrounds of its population. Whether it’s Ashkenazi, Sephardi, or Ethiopian influences, Israeli music captures the diversity of the country’s people. This results in a rich tapestry of sounds and genres that can range from Ethiopian jazz to electronic pop. 7. The Impact of Eurovision Israel’s participation in the Eurovision Song Contest has had a major influence on its music scene. Winning the contest four times, Israel has used Eurovision as a platform to showcase its modern, progressive image. Dana International’s victory in 1998 with Diva and Netta Barzilai’s win with Toy in 2018 brought international attention to Israeli pop music, establishing Israel as a player in the global music scene. Israeli music’s uniqueness lies in its ability to blend diverse influences while staying true to its cultural roots. From Mizrahi melodies to Western pop structures, Israeli artists have created a sound that is both eclectic and deeply personal. As globalization continues to influence the music industry, Israeli artists remain grounded in their rich history, producing music that resonates with listeners around the world.

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Sturgeon more critically endangered than any other group of species Eighty five percent of sturgeon, one of the oldest families of fishes in existence, valued around the world for their precious roe, are at risk of extinction, making them the most threatened group of animals on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™. The latest update of the Red List assessed the status of 18 species of sturgeon from all over Europe and Asia and found that all were threatened. Twenty seven species of sturgeon are on the IUCN Red List with 63 percent listed as Critically Endangered, the Red List’s highest category of threat. Four species are now possibly extinct. Beluga sturgeon in the Caspian Sea is listed as Critically Endangered for the first time along with all of the other commercially important Caspian Sea species, which are the main producers of wild caviar. Beluga sturgeon populations have been decimated in part due to unrelenting exploitation for black caviar – the sturgeon’s unfertilized eggs – considered the finest in the world. The other species, Russian, stellate, Persian and ship sturgeon have also suffered declines due to overfishing as well as habitat degradation in the Caspian Sea region. “It’s time to seriously consider ending fishing in the Caspian Sea region and in other areas where species are classified as Critically Endangered,” says Dr Phaedra Doukakis, member of IUCN's Sturgeon Specialist Group and Senior Research Scientist at the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University. “While these new rankings are depressing, they are also a call for action.” In addition to the Caspian Sea species, sturgeon inhabiting other areas of Asia and Europe were also assessed. Among them was the Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius), one of only two paddlefish in existence and now considered Critically Endangered and possibly extinct. This was one of four species that were found to be possibly extinct. Russian Far East species were also assessed, including the kaluga, a sister species of beluga, which inhabits the Amur River and is still subject to commercial exploitation. This species, along with the Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii), is now classified as Critically Endangered. “This widespread evidence of decline alerts us to the fact that despite protective fishing regulations, sturgeon are still in trouble due to historic fishing, current illegal fishing and habitat degradation,” says Dr Kent Carpenter, IUCN Global Marine Species Assessment Director. “This is alarming given their unique lineage and particular vulnerability.” Sturgeon can live for up to 100 years and do not reproduce annually, which means they take many years to recover from any population declines. They are a highly valuable group of species, with caviar from the beluga sturgeon fetching up to US$10,000/kg. This leads to over-harvesting, both legal and illegal, of many species, which is a major threat to their survival. Also, as they are a migratory group of species, the damming of rivers across Europe, Asia and North America over the past century has led to many sturgeon species losing access to vast areas of their spawning grounds. One ray of hope for these species is their ability to produce millions of eggs. If proper protection can be put in place this reproductive capability may gradually replenish their populations. "Sturgeon have survived dramatic change over the past 250 million years only to face the serious threat of becoming extinct as a direct result of human activities. Illegal catch, over fishing, the breaking up of the migratory routes and pollution are the key elements that have driven almost all species to the brink of extinction,” says Dr Mohammad Pourkazemi, chair IUCN/SSC Sturgeon Specialist Group. “The latest Red List assessment shows an increasingly alarming status of natural populations." Click here to learn more about the status and population trends of sturgeon on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ On 18 March 2010, Dr. Kent Carpenter, IUCN Global Marine Species Assessment Director, will present the findings of the IUCN Red List update at an event organized by the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University and held at the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in Doha, Qatar. The event will also include a presentation by Dr Volker Homes, Species Conservation Section Director, WWF Germany and TRAFFIC, and Dr Ellen K. Pikitch, Executive Director of the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University. The latest Sturgeon Assessment has been funded by the European Commission and by the North of England Zoological Society in conjunction with the IUCN/SSC Sturgeon Specialist Group. Nicki Chadwick, Media Relations Officer, IUCN, m +974 795 7554, e [email protected] Pia Drzewinski, Media Relations Officer, IUCN, t +41 22 999 0313, m +41 76 505 8865, e [email protected] Leigh Ann Hurt, Species Programme Communications Officer, IUCN, t. +41 22 999 0153, e [email protected] About the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ (or the IUCN Red List) is the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It is based on an objective system for assessing the risk of extinction of a species should no conservation action be taken. Species are assigned to one of eight categories of threat based on whether they meet criteria linked to population trend, population size and structure and geographic range. Species listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable are collectively described as ‘Threatened’. The IUCN Red List is not just a register of names and associated threat categories. It is a rich compendium of information on the threats to the species, their ecological requirements, where they live, and information on conservation actions that can be used to reduce or prevent extinctions. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is a joint effort between IUCN and its Species Survival Commission, working with its Red List partners BirdLife International, Conservation International’s Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, NatureServe, and the Zoological Society of London. About the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University The Institute for Ocean Conservation Science at Stony Brook University is dedicated to advancing ocean conservation through science. The Institute transforms real-world policy while pursuing serious science, both of which are essential for ocean health.

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- Keywords:Past tense, Sentence building - Learner English level:Beginner to intermediate - Learner maturity:Junior high school - Preparation time:5 minutes - Activity time:20 to 30 minutes - Materials:Items to serve as objects This activity asks students to accomplish communicative tasks of conveying specific information and building sentences in the past tense quickly and accurately. The game can be played with students working in teams of two or more. The activity works best with groups of students who enjoy competition and want to have fun while exercising thinking and speaking skills. Step 1:Prepare a number of sentences (10-20) that feature the target past tense verbs. Sentences that require objects or prepositional phrases will be the most effective, so be sure to have all of the necessary items or “places” available. Step 2: Divide students into teams. There should be at least two students on a team, but four works best. Odd numbers are also acceptable, although transitions may be less smooth. Step 3:Explain the game procedure to the students in advance. Step 1: Each team will be split in half (A and B). Group A leaves the room while B remain behind to witness what the teacher does. Step 2:The teacher performs an action that the group B needs to tell their partner about (Note: Silly, self-deprecating actions are often appreciated and enhance the “fun” factor). Step 3:The teacher invites the group B back into the room, who then approach the B half of their team and ask, “What did the teacher do?” Step 4:B’s convey the necessary information to the A’s so that the A’s can express what occurred. Teachers can choose whether L1 is permitted during the sharing phase, but the final answer should be in past tense L2. Answers can be provided either by “buzzing in” first and saying what happened to get the point, or by giving students a time period within which they can write the answer down, allowing multiple teams to score points. Optionally, teachers can ask a first person, “What did I do?” question, thus prompting a reply necessitating a second person subject. Step 5:Review the action at the end of each round to help confirm that all the students grasp what occurred and can understand how to express it. Step 6:Repeat with a new action, this time sending group B out of the room. Alternate accordingly for 10-20 times, or as time or motivation permits. This activity can accommodate most class sizes, but moving the children in and out of the room can be problematic with larger groups, particularly if some of the students are especially competitive and want to run to their groups (a simple rule of no talking until everyone is with their groups can prevent this, but may take some of the fun away). Even beginner level students tend to enjoy the movement and task-based, communicative nature of the exercise. It can be leveled easily based on the complexity and details of the action performed. When using irregular verbs, it may be best to allow a cheat-sheet, perhaps drawing attention to when it should be consulted. Sometimes students will come up with unintended but still correct answers, obviously they can be awarded with points (or half-points), and/or encouraged to find another way to express it, perhaps allowing another team to also score points for a different correct answer. Overall, this is an active and competitive game that will let students work together to achieve communicative competence.

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Endurance is a key component of athletic performance. Whether you are a runner, cyclist, or team sport athlete, building endurance with the help of fitness equipment like keiser can help you perform better and push yourself to new heights. This article will discuss effective training techniques for building endurance. The first step to building endurance is to set goals. Define what you want to achieve and establish a timeline for reaching your goals. Having a clear objective will help keep you motivated and focused. Build Your Base Building endurance starts with a solid foundation. Begin by gradually increasing the duration and intensity of your workouts, building up your base fitness level. Cross-training can help build endurance and prevent overuse injuries. Try incorporating low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, or yoga to mix up your routine. It involves alternating between periods of high-intensity exercise and rest. This type of training is effective for building endurance, as it improves your ability to perform at high intensities for longer periods. Tempo training involves maintaining a steady pace at a high intensity for an extended period. This type of training can improve your ability to sustain effort and build endurance. This is crucial for building endurance as it helps to improve muscular endurance, prevent injuries, and improve overall performance. Incorporate exercises that target the muscles you use most in your sport. Rest and Recovery Rest and recovery are essential for building endurance. Give your body time to recover between workouts, and make sure to get enough sleep to allow your muscles to repair and grow. Top Features to Look for When Buying Fitness Equipment When it comes to purchasing fitness equipment, it’s crucial to choose the right equipment to meet your specific needs. With the wide range of options available, it can be challenging to decide. Look for top features like those offered by keiser to make an informed decision. Durability is one of the most important factors to consider when buying fitness equipment. Look for equipment that is built to last and made with high-quality materials. This will ensure that your equipment withstands regular use over time. Comfort is another essential feature to consider when purchasing fitness equipment. Look for ergonomically designed equipment that provides a comfortable and safe workout experience. This is particularly important for cardio equipment like treadmills or stationary bikes. Adjustability is a key feature to look for when purchasing fitness equipment. Adjustable features such as seat height, resistance levels, and incline can help tailor your workout to your individual needs and fitness level. Space and Storage Space and storage are essential factors when purchasing fitness equipment, particularly for home gyms. Look for compact equipment that is easy to store when not in use. Folding or compact designs can be ideal for those with limited space. Technology and Connectivity Many modern fitness machines feature technology and connectivity options that can help you track your progress and stay motivated. Look for equipment that includes Bluetooth connectivity, heart rate monitors, and tracking apps to help you reach your fitness goals. Building endurance is a process that requires time, patience, and dedication. By setting clear goals, building your base, incorporating cross-training, interval and tempo training, strength training, rest and recovery, fueling your body with proper nutrition, and monitoring your progress, you can build your endurance and reach new levels of athletic performance. Remember to listen to your body and adjust your training as needed to avoid injury and keep pushing yourself towards your goals.

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Grammar Flips is a double-sided flip stand which enables students to learning grammar structures in sentences. On one side are adverbials which are words or phrases for expressing place, time or manner. On the other side are relative clauses which are used to define or identify a noun. Picture examples are provided to support understanding, along with color-coding. Subscribe to our emails Be the first to know about new collections and exclusive offers.

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“And in poverty and misfortunes men think friends are the only refuge.” Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics In sorrow as well as in joy, but even more so in sorrow, we feel that we need to turn to other people. This says much about human life. It is worth asking ourselves: to whom can we turn? And what happens if we turn to them? What happens when we turn to another in sorrow is perhaps the single best gauge of a friendship. It is then that we are most grateful if the friendship has been an ongoing work-in-progress, the object of intentional building—during the ‘normal’ times of life. Of course as we grow older we can find that ‘misfortune’ is not so abnormal. Is there someone who is willing to take on my problems, my brokenness, thereby adding them to his own? For someone really to be a refuge for me, it requires much more than that he hear my issues. It requires that he enter into them. A psychologist I know once said to me words that have changed how I think about life. “You cannot avoid suffering…” he said. “But, you can avoid suffering alone.” Aristotle seems to imply that you cannot make it through life without friends. Yet isn’t this disproved by experience? Clearly, people can live without true friendship. Yet something in us dies when we suffer alone: something at the core of who we are. This is evident in bad men, who in their malice isolate themselves from others. It is also evident in the lives of many others, whose tragic loneliness—one often draped in bustle and noise—suffocates as it paralyzes real human life. Friends are the only refuge. But they are even more. To suffer together is not only to ‘make it.’ When someone truly enters into my suffering, or I enter into his, something deep within us comes alive. And we actually discover that every single turn of fortune in our path is in fact an opportunity to live all the more. Together. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great, has been considered by many to be the greatest ancient philosopher. The Nicomachean Ethics is his main moral treatise. Image: Jonathan Lovingly Taking His Leave of David, by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld (1794-1872) Husband, father, and professor of Philosophy. LifeCraft springs from one conviction: there is an ancient wisdom about how to live the good life in our homes, with our families; and it is worth our time to hearken to it. Let’s rediscover it together. Learn more.

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Just over a thousand years ago, on a Thursday in the year 1015, a scribe called Sujatabhadra signed off on an illustrated palm-leaf manuscript in a Buddhist monastery in Patan in Nepal’s Kathmandu Valley. The manuscript contained three important Sanskrit texts of Mahayana Buddhism: a hymn composed to the goddess Pragyaparamita by the Indian monk Rahulabhadra, called the Prajnaparamita-stotra; the full text of the famous sutra Astasahisrika Prajnaparamita and a tantric Vajrayana hymn, called the Vajradhvaja-parinamana. It had taken Sujatabhadra a while to prepare the manuscript; in all the time that he was working, three kings had come and gone. Sujatabhadra named all three in the manuscript. Also Read The Buddhist ateliers of ancient Magadha One of the special things about this manuscript, which is preserved in the Cambridge University Library in the UK, is that its gorgeous miniature paintings illustrate a number of important and popular Buddhist shrines of the time from across South Asia and the deities there. Thus, there is a shrine from Oddiyana (modern day Swat Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan), where the Bodhisattva Vajrapani was worshipped; a temple to the Sakyamuni Buddha in Pundravardhana (modern north Bangladesh); a Pragyaparamita temple on the Grihadakuta Hill (Vulture Peak in modern Bihar). The manuscript contains 15 illustrations, each depicting shrines from sites as diverse as Magadha (Bihar), Sinhala (Sri Lanka), Chandradvipa (southern Bengal) and Oddiyana (modern Swat Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan). The thing is, one thousand years after these flourishing shrines were described, none exist as sites of Buddhist veneration—an entire tradition lost to history. Except one, which still exists as a living place of worship, just as it did in Sujatabhadra’s time: Swayambhu. In the miniature painting, it is depicted is a beautiful image of a shyama (dark) standing Bodhisattva Avalokiteshwara, with the shyama and shweta (white) Taras for company, framed by an ornate torana (gate). The text says, “nepale swayambhu-lokanatha". Also Read The art of Tantric Buddhism I have been fascinated by this survival of Mahayana Buddhism in the Kathmandu Valley for over a decade. During my many visits to Nepal, I have never missed an opportunity to explore the countless bahas (Newari for viharas or monasteries) of Patan and Kathmandu, or sit in for evening aratis and gatherings of kirtan groups as they sang praises of Mahayana deities such as Manjushri, Loknath and Tara. It moves me to imagine how, not so very long ago, such devotional songs must have been sung in monasteries and temples across Bengal, Bihar, Kashmir, Maharashtra or Assam, to these same deities. The wildly popular and highly influential cultural force of Mahayana bhakti—which so influenced the Hindu bhakti movement in India—is today, sadly conspicuous by its absence in the land of its birth. It only exists in Nepal. MORE FROM THIS SECTION view allI decided to travel to the Valley in September last year, to experience the climax of the month-long Newari Buddhist festival of Gunla, film it and conduct interviews with members of the community with the help of a young Kathmandu-based filmmaker, Sudin Bajracharya. Also Read Chasing Buddhas across Bihar Gunla is an annual monsoon festival, and it holds significance for Newar Buddhists because it marks the importance of monastic dedication to the Buddha-dharma, and the ancient Buddhist convention of the rainy season retreat (barsabas). As it turned out, Sudin’s own family baha, in the small town of Madhyapur Thimi, midway between Patan and Bhaktapur, would become the ideal place to experience the Gunla festivities. “Is this your first time in Kathmandu?" my chatty InDrive bike rider asks me as we fly through the streets of Patan. “No, it’s more like my seventh," I say. He laughs and says, “Very Good." Then: “And you’ve never been to Swayambhu before?" And the truth is, I hadn’t. This is something I was determined to rectify. A little while later, as we skirt the outer edges of Kathmandu’s haphazard urban sprawl, Swayambhu’s wooded hill comes into view, along with the famed stupa’s white dome and tall finial. It’s an awe-inspiring sight, not just because Swayambhu is one of the most sacred “power places" (pithas) in South Asia, but also marks the very beginnings of the Kathmandu Valley. Swayambhu has been a site of great spiritual importance for at least the past 1,500 years, and once held an important position in Indian Buddhist pilgrimages as well. According to the Swayambhu Purana, an extremely popular Buddhist text from the 15th century CE, the stupa on the Padmagiri hill is a god, the all-encompassing Adibuddha. Once upon a time, the story goes, the Kathmandu Valley was a giant lake, surrounded by mountains. Just the tip of the Padmagiri jutted out of the lake. The Tathagata Vispasvin planted a seed in the bottom of the lake from which grew a lotus like a jewel which emitted a golden, powerful light (jyotirupa) across the lake. Over this golden lotus, a wooden stupa furnished with precious stones was built, and it was identified as the self-created Adibuddha, the Swayambhu. Many more eons later, the Bodhisattva Manjushri alighted on the stupa, and decided to drain the lake, so people could live there and worship Swayambhu. So, he took his blue sword of wisdom and carved a gorge through the southern rim of mountains, and the Valley came into being. These days, the approach to Swayambhu is through a densely built-up area of neighbourhoods and markets, but going by photographs from just a few decades ago, the stately finial of the stupa with its distinctive 11 umbrellas, and its imposing whitewashed dome must have looked even more striking, when empty farmland surrounded the hill. Even now, it’s easy to feel the pull of the stupa, with the famous painted eyes of the Buddha gazing out over the Valley. It is on a warm morning that I make the trip to Swayambhu, on the third-but-last day of Gunla. The Swayambhu stupa is the central pillar on which rests the entire belief system of the Newars. Although one can drive all the way up to a southern gate behind the main stupa complex, I choose to take the traditional staircase to the east, according the great stupa the respect it deserves. The stairs are steep, but the advantage of this approach is how Swayambhu is revealed slowly, as if arising in front of your eyes. At first you can only see the tip, and slowly, the higher you get, the finial, the eyes, and finally the dome. The stupa isn’t the only edifice on the site. Just in front, on a pedestal, lies a gigantic gold vajra, the symbol of Vajrayana ‘the way of the thunderbolt’, i.e. Tantric Buddhism. This final, all-encompassing form of Buddhism took shape in the great Indian mahaviharas, like Nalanda and Vikramashila in Bihar, during the reign of the Pala emperors of Bengal and Bihar, between the 8th and 13th centuries CE. Through its long evolution, under the influence of numerous monks and maha-siddhas (the great Perfected Ones) the tantric rituals of Vajrayana were absorbed into the philosophical and devotional framework of Mahayana to give rise to a composite religious culture. It was this form that was exported to Tibet, and earlier to China and Japan. But the Buddhism of the Newars is unique still because it preserves and draws upon the original Indian Sanskrit texts of sutras and tantras, and the Newars’ practice of it is as close as we will ever get to recreating Mahayana-Vajrayana’s Indian past. The Newars themselves are a Tibeto-Burman language speaking people who, over the past two millennia, had created a powerful and wealthy political economy in the Kathmandu Valley, based on trans-Himalayan trade and a mastery of metal and wood craftsmanship. In the historical period, they were also participants in Indian Buddhism, forming a bridge between the efflorescence of Buddhist art and culture in Pala India and Tibet, China, and Mongolia. During the turmoil of the centuries following the fall of Indian Buddhism, the Newars preserved and re-imagined their heritage, turning the Kathmandu Valley into their sacred Buddhist mandala, even as the once-vital sites of India were lost to them. At the head of the stairs, on either side of Swayambhu, rise two tall temples, built in the north Indian shikhara style. Commissioned by king Pratap Malla of Kathmandu in the 17th century, Pratapapura and Anantapura house the tantric deities Vajrayogini and Ugra Tara, respectively. Newars, Tibetans and Parbatiya Nepalese thronged the area, either doing pujas at the golden shrines of the five Tathagatas around the dome of the stupa, or visiting each of the other wood-crafted temples around the courtyard, which include those of Tara, the five elemental deities and snake deities. Some others, like me, just sit and stare at the vast stupa. This being Gunla, everyone is dressed to the nines, carrying thalis heaving with incense and flowers, arranging marigold garlands around the tops of the innumerable small votive chaityas that dot the premises. In a wooden mandap facing the stupa, a Vajracharya priest leads his congregation of Newar women in an elaborate ritual of singing and sutra reading. Behind Swayambhu, the most popular shrine is the pagoda temple to Hariti, the goddess of smallpox. Ajima, or grandmother, she is called fondly, and the temple’s priest is having trouble trying to contain the many mothers with babies who want a blessing. Also Read The other Kalis of India I spend the rest of the day wandering around Swayambhu, and then make my way to Kathmandu city to visit the other historical stupas. I keep thinking of the many, once-renowned, but now ruined stupa sites that dot India. I can imagine a time when there must have been a network of spiritually buzzing stupas running up and down South Asia and beyond. The five gifts While Swayambhu stuns with its size and scale, a truer experience of Newar Buddhism lies in its many family-run monasteries. Whether miniscule or grand, each of these bahas is labelled a “Mahavihara". While famous ones like the Hiranyavarna Mahavihara of Patan are on tourist itineraries, nearly every other urban courtyard in Kathmandu, Patan and other smaller towns are structured around a baha, of which local Vajracharya and Sakya communities (the two main Buddhist “castes") are hereditary members. Through a long historical process of political adjustments with Hindu monarchs, Newar Buddhists renounced being full-time celibate monks many centuries ago. These days, as the anthropologist David N. Gellner labels them, Newar Buddhists, especially the Vajracharyas, are monks, householders and tantric priests, all rolled into one. The main Buddhist festival of the Newar community is Samyak, a celebration set around the Buddha Dipankara, and of the profoundly Buddhist act of giving alms to monks, but it isn’t held annually. In Kathmandu, it is held once every 12 years, and in Patan, once every five. However, in different cities and towns, the ritual worship of Dipankara and the giving of the “five gifts", the panchadan, is observed during Gunla. In Madhyapur Thimi, panchadan is one of the two main events that close out the holy month. I get to Sudin’s home early on the morning of panchadan. The sky is overcast, and there’s a steady drizzle, but despite the rain, the street is thrumming with activity. One of Sudin’s uncles, who is a goldsmith, has a shopfront in the main street, which is shuttered this day. Instead, a temporary pavilion has been erected, where the Bajracharya family’s statue of the Buddha Dipankara is being displayed. Sudin’s aunts and younger cousins act as officiators, while people from across town drop in with puja thalis as offerings for the huge, graceful red-faced god, who gazes down at his worshippers with a meditative smile. A large stupa stands just outside their home, creating a roundabout in the street. The Bajracharya home is both an extended family residence, and a monastery. A short porch leads from the street into a courtyard, which is laid out as a miniature Newari baha. In the centre is the customary Swayambhu stupa replica, made of black stone, and marked with vermillion and strewn with flowers. Opposite it is the main shrine to the Sakyamuni, the “lord of the monastery" or kwa-baju in Newari. It’s a small stone idol of the Buddha in the bhumisparsha pose, surmounted with a large crown, a copper gilt jacket with beautiful repousse work, and a Tibetan scarf for good effect. In front of the deity is a small metal plaque bearing the name of the family monastery: It’s Sanskrit name is Neela Varna Mahavihara, and the Newari name, Yachin Baha. Like other bahas, it also has a secret, tantric shrine on an upper floor, where a Vajrayana deity is worshipped. Only those initiated in the deity’s tantra know his identity and are allowed access. Before the panchadan rites begin, there is a puja in a foyer across the courtyard. The men of the family, in their ritualised aspects of bhikshus(monks) sit around a shrine with various Buddhist deities. The pride of place goes to an illuminated manuscript of the Astasahisrika Prajnaparamita. One of Sudin’s relatives, Prashanna Bajracharya, is the officiating priest this year, and he leads the household in a number of consecrating rituals, punctuated by the utterance of mantras and the singing of hymns. Once the pujais over, one by one, family members approach and give an offering of a few rupees to the shrine and they are blessed and a sacred tika or dot is placed on every forehead. Sudin nudges me to make an offering. “You are an honorary Bajracharya today," he says, smiling. While the puja had been going on, the women of the family, including Sudin’s aunts, neighbours and mother Sunita, have been setting up large copper containers around the courtyard, heaped with boiled and husked rice, sesame seeds, lentils, salt, and some money. Since the offerings are primarily to be given to monks, the men line up first. They wear sashes across their body that declare their monastic affiliation,and the fact that they belong to the Namasamgiti guthi, an order of initiates dedicated to Manjushri Namasamgiti, a tantric version of the Bodhisattva.They go around the courtyard chanting prayers, while the women pour small heaps of the panchadan into their copper alms bowls. Once their round is complete, younger sons, daughters, cousins, and neighbourhood toddlers join the line, everybody extremely excited to be receiving daan. Sunita tells me that the women will remain in the baha with the offerings, because other families will drop in to receive daan. Meanwhile, the men line up outside, and slowly make their way down the main street of Thimi, singing. Sudin’s eldest uncle, and the pater familias, Dharma Sundar Bajracharya walks with me, because I have plenty of questions. First of all, how many bahas are there in Thimi? “Nine that are traditional Vajrayana bahas," he says, and one that is a Theravadin monastery. We follow the line as it winds its way through town, headed for a famous temple of Padmapani Lokeshwara, an emanation of Avalokiteshwara. First, there’s a detour through a large baha called the Guna Kirti Mahavihara. The singers enter the monastery and do a perambulation of the central stupa, and stop to accept offerings from a long stall set in one end of the courtyard, where members of that baha are making offerings. As the procession makes its way to the Padmapani temple, I see many such stalls set by the roadside by members of the town’s Buddhist community. We stop in turn at each, singing Mahayana stotras, receiving donations, blessing the donors and carrying on. In a town this small, there are friends and acquaintances everywhere, whether the Newar in question is Buddhist or Hindu. It’s a happy day charged with a sense of serene spirituality; everyone seems to be grinning. That includes a group of men standing next to three large metal cast statues of the Buddha Dipankara, the patron deity of the panchadan. Of a golden-red hue, all three statues are exquisitely bejewelled with crowns, neckplates and diadems, and draped with finely-patterned red robes. Their right hands make the varada mudra (gesture of blessing), while the left are in abhaya mudra (gesture of freedom from fear). In them, there’s yet another callback to the Pala Buddhist art of Bengal and Bihar: they look eerily similar to smaller repousse statues that reside in Indian museums like at the Bihar Museum in Patna. Dharma Sundar tells me that the three Dipankaras of Thimi have been walking around town all day, blessing people. They look quite heavy, how do they move? Dharma Sundar says that they are hollow inside, and the men standing next to them would wear the statues and walk. As if to prove the point, a cacophony of drums and pipes go up. A gaggle of people gather and lift the three statues up and help them onto three men. Once properly fitted (I see now that they have a hole each in the chest plates, through which the wearers can see), the men, who, well, are now three Dipankaras, slowly walk on down the street, accompanied by musicians. Our panchadan procession finally reaches Padmapani’s abode. It’s a gorgeous pagoda temple, with spectacular wood carvings. Inside the gold and copper inlaid shrine, a kindly red face peers out from under voluminous robes and crowns. Here is the great Lokeshwara, also known as Loknath, who used to have many such temples in India, too, once upon a time. Indeed, even today, you can find his statues in shrines across Bihar, where he is worshipped either as Vishnu, Shiva, or any other Hindu deity. This beautiful temple belongs to another large monastic family, which are members of the Hem Varna Mahavihara. Women from the baha sit in a shaded porch beside the temple, offering panchadan. Since the Vajracharya priest of the temple is off on his own panchadanperambulation, an old woman from the baha, helped by three younger women, officiates.I bow before Padmapani, and offer the woman 10 rupees as daan. She sprinkles some rice over my head and blesses me. Asks me something in Newari. I don’t understand, so I grin and nod. It’s high noon now, and quite hot, so Sudin, his two colleagues from their production house, and I stand in some shade and chat. We talk about watches—Sudin’s wearing a vintage Seiko, and I’m wearing a modern one—and exchange notes on rented apartment living. Like all Vajracharya men, Sudin too had undergone monastic initiation as a child—at their house, there’s a photo of him and his cousins as toddlers in full monastic regalia—but beyond that ritualistic necessity, he hasn’t had much interest in the religious customs of his family. He is a thoroughly modern young man, with profoundly urbane interests in filmmaking, and vintage watches. Despite having been a part of such annual ceremonies since he was a child, the fascination of an outsider—me—is making him see panchadan in a new light, he says. It’s strangely moving to hear him say that, because all this while I’d been experiencing a vaguely bittersweet feeling of homecoming. As someone with a mixed Bengali and Bihari heritage, Mahayana Buddhism has always hovered over my cultural horizon like Banquo’s ghost. To begin with, so many Bengali names are Buddhist—Manjushri, Pragya, Paramita, Dipankar, Sambuddha—and so many surnames echo ancient monastic titles. Important Sakta tantric deities, like Tara in the Tarapeeth temple in West Bengal, are worshipped with Buddhist mantras, and the legends of such deities are replete with callbacks to their Buddhist pasts. To hear the kirtans and bhajans of the Newars, or to see massive deities walking about blessing people is to experience a strange frission: I’ve heard these songs, seen such sights, felt these intense devotional emotions, but only in a Hindu context—primarily Vaishnava or Sakta in Bengal. This isn’t to say that Newar Buddhism is the same as Hinduism, which is a common misconception among outsiders, but is more about two religions’ shared (and competitive) cultural past. The more I read about Bengal’s history, the more it makes sense that similar tropes of devotionalism exist in Bengali Vaishnavism (including the importance of karuna or compassion, a central tenet of Buddhism), given Mahayana-Vajrayana’s long and influential career in eastern India, and the intense rivalries and borrowings that took place between it and the Vaishnava sects. The Dancing Dipankaras But if I thought that experiencing panchadan was moving, nothing prepared me for the festivities that evening. Sudin did tell me that the three Dipankaras roaming Thimi would visit their family’s Dipankara in the evening, but I wasn’t expecting a carnival. Around 7pm, when people start gathering in large numbers in the street, I can tell something big was afoot. “The three Dipankaras will come dancing down the street," Sudin says, pointing in the distance, “accompanied by musicians and members of the bahas that those Dipankaras belong to." Then they will ceremonially bow to the Yachin Baha Dipankara, bringing panchadan to an end. Over the next hour, the crowds swell in the street. The large stupa outside is soon teeming with children, and people are standing two lines deep in neighbouring balconies for a better view. Sudin’s mother, wife, aunts and cousins stand around the family Dipankara. Next to it, in a long line along an elevated porch sit other members of the family, singing hymns from well-thumbed Nepalese prayer books, with names like Bouddha Stotra Sangrahaand Nepal Bhasha Deva Stotra. While waiting, I chat with Dharam Sundar, asking him where I could buy these books, and making plans of taking him with me to visit the remote temple of Vajrayogini. Dhikat-dhi-tha-dhikat, dhikat-dhi-tha-dhikat! Suddenly drums sounded at the far end of the street. The Dipankaras are coming! For a better view, Dharam Sundar tells me, I should head to the doorway of the baha. And that’s what I do, wedging myself between one of the door frames and more grinning relatives, just as the three Buddhas come into view. Followed by a large procession of their own, the three Dipankaras come slowly dancing down the street. The drums beat out a slow, trance-like rhythm, and the Buddhas’ swaying dance mirrors the beat. The drummers are local kids who had been training through the year to play during Gunla. Huge cheers go up from the gathered multitudes as the Buddhas reach Sudin’s house. Everyone is standing, clapping, laughing, some crying tears of joy, floating on waves of euphoria. Two of the Dipankaras stop, while the first positions itself across the street, directly facing the Yachin Baha’s Dipankara. There is a hush. Then, dhikat-dhi-tha-dhikat, dhikat-dhi-tha-dhikat, the drums start up, and a cheer breaks out. A few men clear a straight path through the crowd, and the first Dipankara comes towards the mandap, still dancing his swaying dance. He stops, and a massed cry of expectation builds and crashes in a collective shout as the visiting Buddha falls face forward, bowing. It is all very well-rehearsed, of course, because a multitude of hands catch and rights him before he actually falls. Slowly he makes his way back to the top of the path, and turns. The drums start again, and he comes dancing in for a second bow. Then a third. And finally, his obeisance paid, he passes on down the street. It is the turn of the second Dipankara, and then the third. Together, the three bow nine times, and once the third, tiny Dipankara is done, a tremendous roar of delight goes up from the crowd. Sudin’s family douses everyone liberally with consecrated water, even as people surge to bow before the family Dipankara. All the prasad collected through the day is given away, and happy Newars go home. Dhikat-dhi-tha-dhikat, comes the fading sound of drums. Panchadan is over.

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Pickleball has straightforward rules that are easy to understand. One of the fundamental rules is the two-bounce rule. It applies to the serve, the return, and the shot after the return. The rule is straightforward, but it makes pickleball an entertaining game of rallying rather than a hurried game of quick points. For a smooth game of pickleball, it is essential to know the double bounce rule. So what is the two-bounce rule in pickleball? Keep reading to learn everything you need about the two bounce rules! What Is the Two Bounce Rule in Pickleball? In simple terms, the double bounce rule states that the ball must bounce twice—once in the receiver’s square before they hit it back over the net and once again on the server’s side before they do the same. In other words, each half must wait for the ball to land on their courtside following the serve before executing the first volley. The two-bounce rule applies to the first two strokes made after the ball has been served for a point, which is the first thing to understand. It indicates that each team will play its initial shot after the bounce. This means that both the serving team and the receiving side must wait for the ball to bounce before playing once it has been served or returned. So volleys are only permitted once the ball has rebounded on both sides of the court. Note that this restriction does not allow you to let the ball bounce twice on your side of the court. As such, you immediately lose the point if you allow the ball to bounce twice on your side. This rule merely states that the ball must bounce once on each side for the serve and return shots. It is called the Double Bounce Rule because the bounce must occur on both sides of the court. One thing worth noting is that the point begins as soon as the server serves the ball. So the point belongs to the server if they serve an ace or the returner hits the serve out of bounds or into the net. Then the point is awarded to the receiver if the server misses the serve or hits a winner. Two Bounce Rule Vs Double Bounce Rule There is no need to get confused about the name since there are no differences between them. The double bounce rule was renamed the “two-bounce rule” in the 2018 edition of the official pickleball rules book. However, it has the same meaning. The requirement that the ball bounces once on each side before being struck out of the air is enforced by this regulation. Its meaning is the same whether it is referred to as the “double bounce rule” or the “two bounce rule.” It alludes to the serve and serves return bouncing. What Is the Purpose of the Double Bounce Rule? For new players, this rule may be challenging to understand. But you’ll see its significance soon enough. The double bounce rule helps to maintain a steady pace of play. It has to do with the changeover from serve to play. In addition, it enables players to fall into a fun playing pattern. You might be questioning the initial purpose of this rule. Although it might appear odd or ridiculous, there is a fundamental justification underlying the rule. Sports are incredibly challenging to create. Sports games have a straightforward goal—hit a little white ball into a hole in the ground—but they are also straightforward to manipulate when there are no regulations. So we have rules for sports to make them less likely to be manipulated and broken, not to make them more difficult. Imagine hitting a home run in baseball without running around the bases. Or think about it for a second how the game of soccer would be like if players just had to take the ball and run to score without dribbling through the players. Rules prevent us from yelling, “what a boring game,” or “why so cheap?” Pickleball is the same. The Double Bounce Rule was created to make the game playable. The game would be too frustrating to play without this regulation. The rule is set up to allow for a natural game progression without providing anyone with an unfair edge. Pickleball is a skill- and strategy-based sport that emphasizes doubles play. Everyone can use this rule, not just those adepts at quick basepoint drives or overhead smashes! The finest players can make any serve return or shaky shot at the line look simple. If serves were made at the moment without bouncing, the point would be over in two shots. So if the point only has two or three shots, the game will become monotonous. Also, high servers and soft serve will be challenging to handle since they bounce before returning. The opposing team may have difficulties if a ball is dinked over the net since they will have to sprint from the baseline while attempting not to miss an easy volley return! For this reason, pickleball must bounce before being returned. More so, this rule encourages longer rallies even though it may appear like an unfair way to erase a serve and volley advantage. It makes the game’s transition seamless. In addition to extra room on their opponent’s court-facing side with shorter shots than crosscourt ones, it allows each team more time for planning without allowing them to grab the lead in points immediately. How to Remember the Pickleball Two Bounce Rule Standing far back on the court when returning a serve is the easiest way to keep this rule fresh in your mind. Try taking a few steps backwards to remind yourself that you must let the ball bounce. As a visual cue for where you should stand, use the baseline. The same advice also applies to the serving side. Give yourself room for the third shot by allowing yourself to take a step backwards. This is also highly effective if the ball drops close to the baseline since you will have allowed time to let it bounce rather than reacting hastily and hitting a volley. Another frequent blunder is when someone on the court’s serving side advances too quickly after the serve. When a serve is made, it’s typical for beginners to begin going toward the net. However, this is incorrect. If the return is deep and coming your way, it will likely land close to your feet and be challenging to strike after it bounces. So always remember to back up! The pickleball double bounce regulation is mainly in place to prevent incredibly sharp points. Early in games, players would be able to score put-away goals to win, which would diminish the fun of the game. As you already know, long rallies are best. Moreover, more calories tend to burn in playing intense with Pickleball. Pickleball is a fair game because the ball bounces on both sides, preventing either the server or returner from having a significant advantage at any particular point. So now you can answer the question of the two-bounce rule in pickleball. Also, you know what to do not to fault this rule. As such, when next you are out playing your favorite pickleball game, play like a pro by keeping this forget this rule. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Got more questions regarding the two-bounce rule in pickleball? Here are some that are already answered. Can You Allow the Ball Bounce Two Times in Pickleball? You immediately lose the point if you allow the ball to bounce twice on your side. This rule merely states that the ball must bounce once on each side for the serve and return shots. The Double Bounce Rule is so-called because the bounce must occur on both sides of the court. How Many Times Do You Have to Let the Ball Bounce in Pickleball? Players must let the ball bounce once before volleying on each side, and there is a seven-foot kitchen zone on either side of the net to avoid “spiking.” The server keeps serving, switching service courts until there is a fault. Can the Second Bounce in Pickleball Be in the Kitchen? You can enter the kitchen at any point during a game of pickleball, but you can’t stand there and volley the ball. This implies that you can stand in the kitchen and hit the ball if it has bounced. In pickleball, the kitchen is the space that extends to both sidelines and is 7 feet from the net on each side. The non-volley zone is the official moniker for the kitchen. Players are not permitted to volley the ball in the kitchen or on the kitchen line. What Is the Most Challenging Trick to Do in Pickleball? Keeping the pickleball low while still over the net is one of the most challenging pickleball skills to master. If your pickleball is low, your opponents won’t be able to gain the lead with a forceful stroke. For instance, if you serve low, your opponent is more likely to hit a drop shot than a drive. A dink rather than a quick volley will also follow from a low shot at the Non-Volley Zone Line.

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Shoulder impingement is a common cause of shoulder pain, and it occurs when the supraspinatus tendon (rotator cuff tendon) and/or subacromial bursa gets irritated as it passes underneath the acromion (bone on top out edge of shoulder), known as the subacromial space. Shoulder bursitis is a painful condition caused by the inflammation of a bursa in your shoulder. A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that help cushion and decrease friction of the muscles, bones and tendons near a joint. Rotator Cuff Tendonitis/Tendinosis Tendonitis and tendinosis of the rotator cuff is a very common complaint we see in our office. Often patients come in without a clear understanding of the difference between the two. Identifying the difference is very important as treatment is basically opposite for each condition. Shoulder Blade Instability and Pain There are 13 muscles that attach to the shoulder blade which make it an amazing structure that allows us to move our arm and shoulder properly. Imagine how much we use our arms and hands every day. It is nearly non-stop. Most people don’t realize but doing even the smallest things like typing on a keyboard or writing with a pen requires activity of the muscles around the shoulder blade. Therefore, any muscle imbalance or tendencies to favor certain muscles over others can cause issues and negative compensations over time. Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) Frozen shoulder, also known in medical terms as adhesive capsulitis, occurs due to increased inflammation and scarring of the tendons, bursae, or cartilage of the shoulder. The condition is commonly described as a progressing pain and stiffness that starts slowly and becomes worse over time.

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عنوان مقاله [English] Accumulative roll-bonding process that is one of the severe plastic deformation processes is investigated by the authors in order to fabricate ultrafine grained aluminum/brass composite. In this study, the aluminum composite is reinforced with brass in seven cycles of accumulative roll-bonding at room temperature and without any heat treatment. Tensile strength and hardness of the composite increase strongly in the first cycle. These mechanical properties do not change significantly with increasing the number of cycles. After seven cycles of the process, tensile strength and hardness of the composite compared to the initial Al sheet respectively increased to 46% and 85%. Also, elongation of the composite decreases strongly in the first two cycles and slightly increased in the following cycles. These changes in the mechanical properties during the accumulative roll-bonding process are due to the strain hardening and cold working mechanism in the primary cycles and the grain refinement in the final cycles. The microstructure results of the composite shows that the average values of grains reach 250 nm and the distribution of brass particles in the composite become more uniform with increasing the accumulative roll-bonding cycles.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://mej.aut.ac.ir/article_2856.html

2024-12-06T19:41:49Z

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Computer software progression may be the methods of developing, examining, records, custom modeling rendering and development and screening included in maintaining and producing frameworks, software program and tools or any other computer programs. It’s really a pair of techniques for clearing up software program relevant difficulties. The key aim of computer software growth is usually to create new features and features to a pre-existing software technique even though upgrading or bettering established ones. Software package advancement consists oflayout and investigation, and encoding. A computer software progress organization normally refers to both equally minor and major businesses that will need made to order-produced software programs. A lot of the corporations deliver these types of services world-wide. Now program improvement is becoming an important part of the corporate world. With this procedure unique software are made to qualify of sections. 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The pros linked to software package engineering speak with equally developers and consumers on designs for an application assure that it fulfills the requirements. These experts also enable clients take care of and strategy the software lifecycle, and check the progress and usefulness with the software program. Bankruptcy attorney las vegas software technical engineers who focus on distinct set software packages. They help stuck systems software to create application software for cellular phones. The expansion groups get ready reference make sure program code the application form in several environments. Following tests, the foundation value is produced into exe documents through the use of a wide range of software programs. It’s brought to software program growth competitors specializing in creating the packages. Application progression clubs have in order that the apps match high quality standards prior to being unveiled on the industry. Software advancement clubs use a series of testing unique codes and techniques to make sure software package value is correct and fits this business specifications. Some of the application improvement procedures consist of variety verifying, value creation, refactoring and plug-in. Like a software package developer you can work on more than one tasks at the same time. You must full every one of the needs, before starting on the new job. You may then determine if they should retain the services of someone to work to the job, or whether it be preferable to hire someone as a computer software builder and continue on focusing on the job from the beginning. When you start taking assembling your shed which has a group of persons you may talk and work together improved together. On the other hand, for those who operate by itself you need to do all the computer programming spoken languages by yourself. 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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://melincookie.com/4013-a-breakdown-of-the-software-progress-practice-55/

2024-12-06T19:51:54Z

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The Caldicott Principles were introduced in 1997 following a comprehensive review of patient-identifiable information management within the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS). Named after Dame Fiona Caldicott, who led the review, these principles were established to ensure the appropriate handling and protection of patient data. The Caldicott Principles comprise a set of guidelines that regulate the use and sharing of patient information within the healthcare sector. They aim to balance the necessity of information sharing and the imperative to maintain patient confidentiality. The framework comprises six fundamental principles, widely recognized as the benchmark for information governance in healthcare environments. These principles have become integral to data protection practices in the UK healthcare system and have influenced similar guidelines in other countries. - The Caldicott Principles are guidelines designed to ensure the confidentiality and security of patient information in healthcare settings. - Safeguarding deceased patient data is crucial to maintaining trust and respect for the deceased and their families and upholding ethical and legal obligations. - Understanding the Caldicott Principles about deceased patient data involves recognizing the need for continued confidentiality and security, even after a patient has passed away. - Implementing the Caldicott Principles in healthcare settings requires clear policies, staff training, and secure systems for managing and accessing deceased patient data. - Challenges and considerations in safeguarding deceased patient data include balancing access for legitimate purposes with the need for confidentiality and addressing the potential for data breaches and misuse. - Failing to safeguard deceased patient data can result in breaches of privacy, loss of trust, legal consequences, and damage to the reputation of healthcare organizations. - In conclusion, it is recommended that healthcare organizations prioritize safeguarding deceased patient data through robust policies, staff training, and secure systems while also considering the ethical and legal implications of data management. Importance of Safeguarding Deceased Patient Data Respecting Privacy and Dignity It is essential to respect the privacy and dignity of deceased individuals and their families. Even after a patient has passed away, their personal information should be protected to honor their memory and maintain trust in the healthcare system. Legal and Ethical Obligations Safeguarding deceased patient data is vital for legal and ethical reasons. Laws and regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States and the Data Protection Act in the UK, mandate the protection of patient information, including after death. Failing to safeguard deceased patient data can result in legal consequences and damage healthcare organizations’ reputations. Research and Public Health Initiatives Protecting deceased patient data is important for research and public health purposes. De-identified patient data can be used for epidemiological studies, medical research, and public health initiatives. However, it is crucial to ensure that this data is anonymized and used by ethical guidelines to protect the privacy of deceased individuals. Understanding the Caldicott Principles about Deceased Patient Data The Caldicott Principles provide a framework for healthcare organizations to ensure that patient information is handled appropriately in the context of deceased patient data. Principle 1 emphasizes the justification for using and sharing patient information, even after death. Healthcare professionals must have a legitimate reason for accessing deceased patient data, such as for legal or research purposes. Principle 2 ensures that deceased patient data is only accessed by authorized individuals with a legitimate need for the information. This principle highlights the importance of implementing strict access controls and authentication measures to prevent unauthorized access to deceased patient records. Principle 3 emphasizes the obligation to respect the confidentiality of deceased patient data and to ensure that it is not improperly disclosed or used for unauthorized purposes. This principle underscores the importance of maintaining the privacy and dignity of deceased individuals and their families. Implementing the Caldicott Principles in Healthcare Settings Principle | Description | Justify the purpose | Every proposed use or transfer of patient-identifiable information within or from an organization should be clearly defined and scrutinized, with continuing uses regularly reviewed by an appropriate guardian. | Don’t use patient-identifiable information unless it is necessary. | The need for identifying patients should be considered at each stage of satisfying the purpose. Anonymization should be adopted wherever possible. | Use the minimum necessary patient-identifiable information. | Where patient-identifiable information is essential, the information should be considered and justified so that the minimum amount of identifiable information is transferred or accessible as necessary for a given function to be carried out. | Access to patient-identifiable information should be on a strict need-to-know basis. | Only those individuals who need access to patient-identifiable information should have it, and they should only have access to the information they need to see. | Everyone with access to patient-identifiable information should be aware of their responsibilities. | Action should be taken to ensure that those handling patient-identifiable information know their responsibilities and are trained to respect patient confidentiality. | Comply with the law | Every use of patient-identifiable information must be lawful. Someone in each organization is responsible for ensuring that the organization complies with the law. | The duty to share information can be as important as protecting patient confidentiality. | Health and social care professionals should be justified in their confidence that they can share information in the best interests of their patients within the framework set out by these principles. Their policies should be supported by those of their employers, regulators, and professional bodies. | Implementing the Caldicott Principles in healthcare settings requires a comprehensive approach that involves policies, procedures, training, and technology. According to the Caldicott Principles, healthcare organizations must develop clear policies and procedures for handling deceased patient data. These policies should outline the legitimate reasons for accessing deceased patient data, the process for obtaining authorization, and the measures for safeguarding the confidentiality of the information. Furthermore, healthcare professionals should receive training on the Caldicott Principles and their application to deceased patient data. Training programs should educate staff on the ethical and legal considerations surrounding deceased patient data and guide handling this information responsibly. In addition, healthcare organizations should leverage technology to implement access controls, encryption, and audit trails to protect deceased patient data. Access controls can restrict unauthorized access to deceased patient records, while encryption can secure the information during transmission and storage. Audit trails can track and monitor access to deceased patient data, providing accountability and transparency. Challenges and Considerations in Safeguarding Deceased Patient Data Safeguarding deceased patient data presents several challenges and considerations for healthcare organizations. One challenge is determining who has the authority to access deceased patient records. In some cases, family members or legal representatives may request access to the medical records of a deceased individual. Healthcare organizations must establish clear processes for verifying the identity and authority of individuals requesting access to deceased patient data while respecting the privacy of the deceased individual. Another consideration is the retention and disposal of deceased patient records. Healthcare organizations must establish policies for retaining deceased patient data for a certain period in compliance with legal requirements and then securely dispose of the information when it is no longer needed. Additionally, healthcare organizations must consider the implications of sharing deceased patient data with external parties, such as researchers or public health agencies. It is essential to establish clear guidelines for sharing this information while protecting the privacy of deceased individuals. Consequences of Failing to Safeguard Deceased Patient Data Legal Consequences of Data Breaches Healthcare organizations that fail to safeguard deceased patient data may face severe legal repercussions, including fines, lawsuits, and regulatory sanctions for violating data protection laws and regulations. Ethical Concerns and Privacy Infringement The mishandling of deceased patient data can also raise ethical concerns, as it may infringe upon the privacy and dignity of deceased individuals and their families. Reputational Damage and Erosion of Trust Failing to protect deceased patient data can damage the reputation of healthcare organizations and erode trust among patients, families, and the public. A breach of deceased patient data can result in negative media coverage, loss of confidence in the healthcare provider, and a decline in patient satisfaction. Healthcare organizations must prioritize protecting deceased patient data to avoid these detrimental consequences. Conclusion and Recommendations for Safeguarding Deceased Patient Data In conclusion, safeguarding deceased patient data is critical to information governance in healthcare settings. The Caldicott Principles provide a valuable framework for ensuring that deceased patient data is handled responsibly and ethically. To effectively safeguard deceased patient data, healthcare organizations should develop clear policies and procedures, provide comprehensive training to staff, leverage technology for security measures, address challenges related to access and retention, and understand the consequences of failing to protect this information. By prioritizing the protection of deceased patient data, healthcare organizations can uphold the principles of confidentiality, respect for privacy, and trustworthiness while honoring the memory of those who have passed away. Healthcare organizations must prioritize compliance with the Caldicott Principles and take proactive measures to safeguard deceased patient data effectively. What are the Caldicott Principles? The Caldicott Principles are a set of guidelines designed to ensure the confidentiality and security of patient information in the UK healthcare sector. When were the Caldicott Principles established? The Caldicott Principles were first established in 1997 by Dame Fiona Caldicott, a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, in response to concerns about using and sharing patient information within the NHS. What are the key principles of the Caldicott Principles? The key principles of the Caldicott Principles include justifying the purpose of using confidential information, only using it when necessary, and ensuring that the data is kept secure and confidential. How do the Caldicott Principles relate to deceased individuals? The Caldicott Principles apply to all patient information, including that of deceased individuals. It is important to continue to protect the confidentiality and security of this information even after the patient has passed away. Who is responsible for upholding the Caldicott Principles? All healthcare professionals and organizations within the UK are responsible for upholding the Caldicott Principles and ensuring that patient information, including that of deceased individuals, is handled by these guidelines.

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2024-12-06T20:04:02Z

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Academic and scientific publication is an important part of academic discourse, and submitting an article to a journal is an important step in that process. However, submitting a manuscript to a journal may be a complicated and difficult procedure, especially for individuals who are new to academic publication. The prerequisites for journal submissions might vary greatly based on the publisher, the journal, and the topic of research. Furthermore, the peer-review process can be severe, and it may take several rounds of modifications before an article is accepted for publication. In this article, Mind The Graph will present a step-by-step guide to help researchers through the journal submission process, covering everything from selecting the right journal to crafting a captivating cover letter, as well as strategies for improving success. What is a journal submission? The process of submitting an academic or scientific manuscript for publication in a scholarly journal is referred to as journal submission. Journal submissions are an important part of the academic publication process since they allow researchers to communicate their research findings and increase knowledge in their area. The journal submission process entails preparing the paper in accordance with the journal’s submission guidelines, which include formatting and citation standards. The manuscript is then submitted to the journal for review by a team of experts in the field through a rigorous peer-review process. The peer-review process comprises assessing the research’s quality, originality, and significance to the area, and providing feedback to researchers to help them enhance their work. If the article is approved for publication, the researchers may be required to make changes, and the text is usually copyedited and typeset before publishing. Benefits of journal submission Researchers can obtain different benefits from submitting an article to a journal, including: - Research dissemination: Journal submission enables the researchers to communicate their research findings with a larger audience, improving the exposure and influence of their work. - Validation of research: The peer-review process included in journal submission aids in achieving the highest standards and reliability of the study, which can help establish the research’s and the researchers’ reputation. - Contribution to knowledge: Researchers that publish in journals add to the collection of knowledge in their area, which can lead to more research and improvements. - Professional growth: Researchers’ professional reputations improve when they publish in prestigious journals, which can be a consideration in academic promotions, tenure decisions, and employment applications. - Access to financing: Researchers may be able to acquire funding for future research by publishing in journals, which proves their capability to conduct high-quality research that would be of interest to the scientific community. Steps for submitting a research to a journal For various reasons, having a game plan for submitting a manuscript to a publication is essential. First and foremost, a well-executed submission strategy can improve the article’s chances of approval. Researchers can improve their chances of success by carefully picking the proper journal and following the submission rules. A clear plan may also assist authors in properly managing their time, ensuring that they fulfill deadlines and have ample time for changes, if necessary. It also assists researchers in avoiding frequent errors, such as submitting to the wrong publication or failing to satisfy submission requirements. To make your procedure easier and more likely to succeed, Mind The Graph developed this step-by-step guide: Step 1 – The right journal Choose the best journal for your research. Assess the scope, readership, and publication guidelines of the journal. If possible, seek to discover the acceptance rate and impact factor of your targeted journal to determine if it is viable and the best alternative for you. Read “A guide to journal acceptance rates” and “Research Journal Impact factor: A Complete Guide and Benchmarking” to learn more. Step 2 – The manuscript Prepare the manuscript in accordance with the journal’s publication guidelines. Confirm that it satisfies the appropriate length, style, and citation format. Read “A Guide on How to Write a Manuscript for a Research Paper” to ensure you have your manuscript ready for submission. Step 3 – The cover letter Create an enticing cover letter that emphasizes the importance of your research, explains why the manuscript is fit for publication, and discloses any potential conflicts of interest. Step 4 – The submission Depending on the journal’s guidelines, submit the manuscript either through the online application system or by email. Ensure that you double-check that your manuscript fulfills the guidelines, that it is correctly written, and that you include all relevant documentation with your submission. Step 5 – The peer-review The manuscript will be exposed to a thorough peer-review process. The eligibility of the submission for publishing will be determined by the journal’s editors, and the quality and validity of the research will be assessed by professional reviewers. The reviewers may provide suggestions for improvements or reject the submission altogether. Read “What is a peer-reviewed article and where can we find it?” to understand more. Step 6 – The revision If the manuscript is required to be revised, make the modifications indicated by the reviewers and resubmit it. This process can be repeated as many times as necessary until the work is accepted for publication. Step 7 – The acceptance If your manuscript is approved for publication, the journal will send you an acceptance letter. Reply quickly to any further journal requirements, such as corrections, proofreading, or formatting adjustments. Check out “Editing and Proofreading: Importance, Differences, and Tips” for more insights. Step 8 – The publication Once the manuscript has been finished, it will be published in print or online, depending on the format of the journal. Submission system in major journals Journal Name | Submission System | Manuscript Guidelines | Peer Review Process | Publication Timeline | Nature | Nature Online Manuscript Submission | Detailed guidelines for formatting and structuring the manuscript | Nature employs a single-blind peer-review method, but it also provides a “double-blind” peer-review process for authors who believe it is suitable for their paper | 4-6 months | Science | Science Content Tracking System | Detailed guidelines for formatting and structuring the manuscript | Science does not stipulate whether a peer-review procedure will be single-blind or double-blind | 3-6 months | The New England Journal of Medicine | NEJM Online Submission | Detailed guidelines for formatting and structuring the manuscript | Single-blind peer-review process | 4-6 months | Cell | Editorial Manager System | Detailed guidelines for formatting and structuring the manuscript | Double-blind peer-review process | 2-3 months | The Lancet | Editorial Manager System | Detailed guidelines for formatting and structuring the manuscript | Single-blind peer-review process | 2-3 months | Over 70,000 accurate scientific figures to boost your impact Did you know that many journals, particularly for research papers, demand researchers to include figures in their submissions? Figures may be a great tool for improving the impact of your research paper and increasing your chances of publication, but only if they are utilized correctly and efficiently. Try Mind The Graph to see how simple and effective it is to add figures to your work. Subscribe to our newsletter Exclusive high quality content about effective visual communication in science.

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In the realm of social science research, snowball sampling has emerged as a unique and powerful methodology. Traditional sampling methods often face challenges when it comes to studying populations that are difficult to reach. However, snowball sampling offers an effective alternative by leveraging existing connections and networks. By understanding the intricacies of this methodology, researchers can expand their sample size and gain valuable insights that may have otherwise remained hidden. In this article, we will provide an overview of snowball sampling, explore its various types and methods, delve into its applications across different domains, and evaluate both its advantages and limitations. What is Snowball Sampling? Snowball sampling, also known as chain referral sampling or network sampling, has garnered attention as a non-probability sampling technique widely used in social science research. Its primary purpose is to overcome the limitations of traditional sampling methods when studying populations that are challenging to access. By leveraging the power of referrals from initial participants, researchers can expand their sample size and gain access to hidden populations, marginalized communities, or individuals engaged in stigmatized behaviors. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the fundamentals of snowball sampling, its underlying principles, and the reasons behind its effectiveness. Types of Snowball Sampling Within the realm of snowball sampling, different approaches can be employed to cater to specific research needs and objectives. In this section, we will discuss two types of snowball sampling in detail, shedding light on their unique characteristics and showing when to employ each approach. - Homogeneous Snowball Sampling: This type of snowball sampling focuses on recruiting participants with similar characteristics or experiences, ensuring the sample represents a specific subgroup within the target population. With Homogeneous Snowball Sampling, researchers can obtain nuanced insights into the research topic. - Heterogeneous Snowball Sampling: In heterogeneous snowball sampling, researchers aim to recruit participants from diverse backgrounds to capture a broader perspective on the research topic. This approach allows for a comprehensive exploration of the research domain. Snowball Sampling Methods Snowball sampling encompasses various methods that researchers can employ to initiate and expand their sample size effectively. One prominent method is Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS), which combines peer-driven recruitment with statistical adjustments. Additionally, Snowball Sampling with Seeds is another valuable method. In this section, we will delve into the details of these methods and explore their applications in different research contexts. Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) RDS is a rigorous and widely used method of snowball sampling that has gained popularity for its ability to provide representative estimates within hidden populations. This method combines peer-driven recruitment with statistical adjustments to overcome some of the limitations associated with traditional snowball sampling. The process of RDS begins with the identification of a small number of initial participants, often referred to as “seeds”. Researchers select seeds based on their knowledge of and connections within the target population. The criteria may include specific characteristics or attributes that align with the research objectives. Once the seeds are recruited, they are asked to nominate other individuals from the target population who meet the research criteria. The referral process continues iteratively, with each participant referring others, creating a chain referral network. Importantly, RDS introduces a mechanism to control the biases inherent in snowball sampling by applying statistical adjustments during the data analysis phase. The statistical adjustments in RDS aim to account for the non-random nature of the recruitment process. These adjustments utilize the information on participants’ network sizes and the characteristics of the target population to weight the data and estimate population parameters accurately. By incorporating these adjustments, RDS provides valid and reliable estimates that can be extrapolated to the broader hidden population. The applications of RDS are diverse, with researchers utilizing this method in various fields such as public health, sociology, and epidemiology. It is particularly useful when studying populations affected by stigmatized behaviors, such as individuals living with HIV/AIDS, drug users, or sex workers. RDS allows researchers to reach individuals who may be wary of disclosing their identities or affiliations, thereby providing valuable insights into these often marginalized and underrepresented populations. Snowball Sampling with Seeds Snowball Sampling with Seeds is another method employed within snowball sampling that begins with a small set of initial participants, commonly known as seeds. The selection of seeds in Snowball Sampling with Seeds is crucial, as they serve as the foundation for the subsequent recruitment process. Researchers seek individuals who possess relevant knowledge, experiences, or connections within the target population. By starting with seeds that meet the specific criteria, researchers can ensure that the subsequent referrals are more likely to meet the research criteria as well. Once the seeds are identified, they are approached by the researchers and asked to participate in the study. In addition to their own participation, seeds are requested to refer other individuals from their network who also meet the research criteria. This referral process forms the basis of expanding the sample size through subsequent waves of recruitment. The process of referral continues iteratively, with each participant nominating others who, in turn, refer more participants. This chain referral mechanism allows for the recruitment of individuals who may not have been reachable through traditional sampling methods. By leveraging existing social connections and networks, Snowball Sampling with Seeds provides a means to access hidden or difficult-to-reach populations. This method offers advantages in terms of efficiency and practicality, as it utilizes existing relationships to expand the sample. The trust and rapport established between the initial seeds and their referrals can increase the likelihood of participation and yield more comprehensive data. However, it is important to note that the sample obtained through Snowball Sampling with Seeds may still be subject to biases, as the recruitment is reliant on the characteristics and connections of the initial seeds. In summary, Snowball Sampling with Seeds offers a strategic approach to expand the sample size by utilizing initial seeds that meet specific criteria and leveraging their social networks for participant recruitment. This method provides researchers with a valuable tool to access hidden populations and gather insights from individuals who may have unique perspectives or experiences related to the research topic. Applications of Snowball Sampling Researchers have employed Snowball Sampling in various research contexts. It is particularly beneficial when studying communities or groups that are tightly knit, geographically dispersed, or possess a high level of social cohesion. By starting with seeds that have strong connections within these communities, researchers can effectively tap into the networks and gain access to individuals who may otherwise be difficult to locate or engage. Snowball sampling finds applications in various research domains, including: - Infectious Disease Research: Studying hard-to-reach populations affected by infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, where traditional sampling techniques may not be effective. - Social Sciences: Exploring marginalized communities, hidden populations, or individuals involved in illicit activities to understand their behaviors, attitudes, and experiences. - Market Research: Investigating niche markets or consumer segments that are difficult to identify through traditional sampling methods. - Anthropology and Ethnography: Conducting in-depth studies of small, close-knit communities or cultures where access may be limited. Advantages and Disadvantages Snowball sampling offers researchers a range of advantages that make it a compelling choice for research endeavors. In this section, we will explore both the advantages and disadvantages of snowball sampling, providing researchers with a comprehensive understanding of its implications. Advantages of snowball sampling - Access to Hard-to-Reach Populations: It enables researchers to reach populations that are otherwise inaccessible or underrepresented in conventional sampling approaches. - Cost and Time Efficiency: Snowball sampling is often more cost-effective and quicker compared to other sampling methods, as it leverages existing connections and networks. - Greater Participant Cooperation: Participants referred by existing connections may feel more comfortable and be more willing to participate in the study. Disadvantages of snowball sampling - Sample Bias: The reliance on referrals can introduce selection bias, as participants may share common characteristics or opinions. - Limited Generalizability: Snowball sampling may not provide a representative sample of the target population, limiting the generalizability of the findings. - Ethical Considerations: This should address issues such as informed consent, privacy, and potential harm to participants. Assessing Saturation: Different Approaches Saturation is a crucial aspect of qualitative research, determining when collecting more data will yield diminishing returns. Several approaches can be used to assess saturation within the context of snowball sampling. In this section, we will explore three different approaches to assessing saturation in snowball sampling, aiding researchers in determining when to conclude data collection. - Data Triangulation: Researchers analyze data from multiple sources, perspectives, or methods to achieve saturation. - Theoretical Saturation: When the data collected supports or develops the theoretical framework, it reaches saturation. - Informational Redundancy: Researchers continue sampling until little or no new information emerges from the data. Snowball Sampling: a valuable research tool Snowball sampling has proven to be a valuable research tool, empowering researchers to study populations that are otherwise difficult to reach through traditional sampling methods. By understanding the methodology, types, methods, advantages, and limitations of snowball sampling, researchers can make informed decisions about its application in their studies. With its potential to unveil insights from hidden populations, snowball sampling contributes to the advancement of social science research and beyond. By leveraging existing connections and networks, researchers can expand their sample size, gain access to marginalized communities, and delve deeper into the behaviors, attitudes, and experiences of individuals involved in stigmatized behaviors. 75,000+ scientifically accurate illustrations in 80+ popular fields Mind the Graph is a powerful platform that provides scientists, educators, and researchers with access to over 200 pre-made beautiful templates for professional infographics. These visually appealing templates enable users to create engaging and informative visuals to communicate scientific concepts effectively. Whether presenting research findings, explaining complex topics, or creating educational materials, Mind the Graph offers a user-friendly interface and a vast library of graphics and icons to enhance scientific communication. Subscribe to our newsletter Exclusive high quality content about effective visual communication in science.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

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2024-12-06T20:22:06Z

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The 13-acre Tanyard Archaeological Site, owned by The Old Clinton Historical Society (OCHS), contains the remains of a tannery and bark mill that operated in Clinton from about 1810 until its destruction by Union soldiers at the end of the Civil War. It is considered to be the best-preserved tanyard site in the Southeast. In the 1820s, the tannery was the most prosperous business in Clinton. Hides were tanned there (using tannin extracted from ground bark) and leather goods were produced, particularly all manner of horse tack items from saddles to whips. Though a few locals were aware of the tannery site, it was unknown to the larger world until 2001. That year, the Jones County Commission (JCC) obtained a Transportation Enhancement (TE) grant from the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) that included funds for sidewalks and historic signage in Clinton. Before work began in Clinton, the Commission hired archaeologists Daphne Owens and Daniel Battle (Cypress Cultural Consultants, LLC) to survey the 13-acre tract to determine locations for sidewalks and historical assets that should be preserved. This led to the archaeologists’ exciting discovery of the tanyard site. In 2006, with funding from JCC and GDOT, Cypress Cultural Consultants, LLC conducted an Archaeological Survey of the tanyard. In 2016, JCC and GDOT commissioned The Jaeger Company to produce a Master Plan for site development. Click here for a short history of the tanyard project and summaries of the above reports. With the Master Plan as a guide, OCHS intends to preserve this important historic site, develop it with interpretative signage and trails, and open it to the public for education and enjoyment. At present we’re stabilizing the site and clearing it of privet and other undesirable vegetation. We have many projects ahead of us, and we welcome Volunteers to help us develop this very interesting site!

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Mount Olympus was the brightest and most revered mountain in Greece. A magnificent place with numerous forests and ravines and peaks of varying heights, blessed with a mild climate, and surrounded by Uranus, The Sky God, the personification of the sky. On Mount Olympus it never rained and it was never windy, only now and then some clouds appeared to isolate the realm of the god from the outside world and to bless the world with water. The Life Of The Gods On Mount Olympus Mount Olympus was the divine realm of the Olympian gods. It was located on the peaks of Mount Olympus, where the Olympian Gods once defeated the Titans in the legendary Battle of the Titans (“Titanomachy”) and subsequently established their divine realm. Each Olympian god had his own palace, which was usually used as a sleeping chamber. The gods lived their lives in a rhythm similar to that of mortals, following rules, observing customs, and gathering from time to time in the main palace, the palace of Zeus, The Supreme God, for small conferences. The Olympian gods used to meet during mealtime, where they made decisions about the fate of the world and mortals while eating ambrosia and drinking nectar. The Olympians had an entire staff at their service, such as physicians, servants, preachers, and doorkeepers, the Horae, who were tasked with opening and closing the gates of Mount Olympus to the outside world. However, should a god break an oath, he would be cursed to live nine years away from Mount Olympus and not be able to attend any of the meetings of the gods. Facts On Mount Olympus Mount Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece and the second highest in the Balkans. It rises near the village of Litochoron in Northern Thessaly, on the border of the prefectures of Pieria and Larissa. Its highest point is called “Mytika” or “Pantheon” (2,917 m.). Featured Image Credit: Alina Zienowicz, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

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The Liturgy served on the morning of Holy and Great Saturday is that of Saint Basil the Great. It begins with Vespers. After the entrance, the evening hymn ‘O Gentle Light’ is chanted as usual. Then the Old Testament readings are recited. They tell of the most striking events and prophecies of the salvation of mankind by the death of the Son of God. The account of creation in Genesis is the first reading. The sixth reading is the story of Israel’s crossing of the Red Sea and Moses’ song of victory – over Pharaoh, with its refrain: ‘For gloriously is He glorified’. The last reading is about the Three Children in the fiery furnace of Babylon, and their song of praise with its repeated refrain: ‘O praise ye the Lord and supremely exalt Him unto the ages.’ In the ancient church the catechumens were baptized during the time of these readings. The Epistle, which follows, speaks of how, through the death of Christ, we too shall rise to a new life. After the Epistle, the choir chants, like a call to the sleeping Christ: ‘Arise, O Lord, Judge the earth, for Thou shall have an inheritance among all the nations… As the chanting progresses, the altar vestments as well as all sacred vestments are changed in the temple into the bright snow-white colors. The deacon carries out the Book of the Gospels, and reads the first message of the resurrection from Saint Matthew. Because the Vespers portion of the service belongs to the next day (Pascha) the burial hymns of Saturday are mingled with those of the resurrection, so that this service is already full of the coming Paschal joy.

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If you're a proud owner of a sulcata tortoise or are considering getting one as a pet, you're probably wondering about its dietary needs. While it's important to provide a well-rounded and nutritious diet for your tortoise, you may be curious if spring mix is a suitable option. Spring mix, a popular salad mix made up of various leafy greens, can be a tempting choice for tortoise owners due to its convenient and diverse composition. However, before feeding it to your sulcata tortoise, it's essential to understand the potential benefits and risks associated with including spring mix in its diet. Characteristics | Values | Scientific Name | Gopherus sulcata | Common Name | African spurred tortoise | Diet | Herbivorous | Food | Spring mix, vegetables, grasses, weeds | Nutritional Content | High in fiber, vitamins, minerals | Caution | Avoid feeding too much protein or high-fat foods | Habitat | Arid grasslands, deserts | Lifespan | Over 70 years | Size | Can grow up to 30 inches and weigh up to 200 pounds | Temperament | Generally docile and friendly | Care Level | Intermediate | Special Considerations | Requires a large enclosure and appropriate temperatures | Reproduction | Mating season during the rainy season, females lay eggs | Conservation Status | Vulnerable | What You'll Learn - What is spring mix and why is it commonly fed to sulcata tortoises? - Are there any specific types of greens or vegetables in spring mix that sulcata tortoises should avoid? - Can spring mix be a complete and balanced diet for sulcata tortoises, or should it be supplemented with other foods? - Are there any potential risks or health concerns associated with feeding sulcata tortoises spring mix? - What are some alternative greens or vegetables that can be fed to sulcata tortoises if spring mix is not available? What is spring mix and why is it commonly fed to sulcata tortoises? Spring mix refers to a blend of various lettuces and greens, which is commonly fed to sulcata tortoises. It is important to understand what spring mix is and why it is a preferred choice for these tortoises. Spring mix is a combination of young, tender lettuces and greens that are harvested when they are most nutritious and flavorful. It typically consists of a variety of lettuce types such as green leaf, red leaf, and romaine, along with other greens like spinach and arugula. The specific mix may vary depending on the brand, but the idea is to provide a diverse range of nutrients and flavors for the tortoises. Sulcata tortoises, also known as African spurred tortoises, are herbivorous creatures. Their diet in the wild consists of various grasses, leaves, and other plant matter. Spring mix closely mimics the variety of plant species that sulcata tortoises would encounter in their natural habitat. Feeding them a mix of lettuces and greens ensures that they get a good balance of essential nutrients. One of the main reasons spring mix is commonly fed to sulcata tortoises is because it is easy to find and readily available in most grocery stores. Unlike other specialized tortoise diets, spring mix can be conveniently purchased and stored at home. This makes it a popular choice for tortoise owners. Another reason why spring mix is preferred for sulcata tortoises is its nutritional content. It is rich in vitamins A and K, which play a crucial role in the overall health and well-being of tortoises. Vitamin A is essential for good vision, immune function, and growth, while vitamin K helps with blood clotting and bone health. Furthermore, spring mix provides a good source of dietary fiber, which aids in digestion and helps maintain a healthy gut. It also contains minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which are important for bone development and muscle function. The varied mix of lettuces and greens ensures that the tortoises receive a balanced diet with a wide range of nutrients. It is important to note that while spring mix is a beneficial part of a sulcata tortoise's diet, it should not be the sole or primary food source. Tortoises also require a variety of other plant materials such as grasses, hay, and other leafy greens. Offering a mixture of different foods ensures that they receive a diverse range of nutrients and phytochemicals. In conclusion, spring mix is a blend of lettuces and greens that is commonly fed to sulcata tortoises. It provides a convenient and nutritious option for tortoise owners, closely mimicking the variety of plant species found in their natural habitat. Spring mix is rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, making it a beneficial addition to a sulcata tortoise's diet. However, it should be supplemented with other plant materials to ensure a well-rounded and balanced diet for these reptiles. You may want to see also Are there any specific types of greens or vegetables in spring mix that sulcata tortoises should avoid? Spring mix is a popular salad green that consists of a blend of various young greens and vegetables. It is commonly enjoyed by humans, but many tortoise owners wonder if it is safe for their sulcata tortoises to consume. While spring mix can be a nutritious addition to a tortoise's diet, there are some specific types of greens and vegetables in spring mix that should be avoided. One type of green that should be avoided is spinach. Spinach contains high levels of oxalates, which can bind to calcium and prevent its absorption. This can lead to calcium deficiency and metabolic bone disease, a condition that affects the tortoise's bones and shell. Other greens that are high in oxalates, such as beet greens and Swiss chard, should also be avoided. Another green to be wary of is kale. While kale is often considered a superfood for humans, it contains goitrogens, which can interfere with thyroid function in tortoises. Excessive consumption of kale can lead to goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland. While small amounts of kale won't cause major issues, it's best to limit its consumption. Romaine lettuce is another common ingredient in spring mix, but it should be fed to sulcata tortoises sparingly. Romaine lettuce has a high water content and lacks the nutritional value of other greens. Feeding too much romaine lettuce can potentially lead to nutritional deficiencies. So, what can sulcata tortoises safely eat from a spring mix? It is best to focus on the leafy greens that are low in oxalates and goitrogens. Some examples include green leaf lettuce, red leaf lettuce, and arugula. These greens provide valuable nutrients without the risk of calcium deficiency or thyroid issues. It is important to offer a variety of different greens to ensure a well-balanced diet for the tortoise. While spring mix can be a convenient option, it is always best to supplement a sulcata tortoise's diet with other safe foods. This can include grasses, hay, and a variety of other vegetables and fruits. The key is to provide a diverse diet that meets the nutritional needs of the tortoise. In conclusion, sulcata tortoises can enjoy spring mix as part of their diet, but there are some specific types of greens and vegetables that should be avoided. Spinach, kale, and excessive amounts of romaine lettuce should be limited or excluded from the tortoise's diet. Instead, focus on leafy greens that are low in oxalates and goitrogens. By offering a varied diet, tortoise owners can ensure their pets receive the necessary nutrients for a healthy life. You may want to see also Can spring mix be a complete and balanced diet for sulcata tortoises, or should it be supplemented with other foods? Sulcata tortoises are herbivores that require a diet that is high in fiber and low in protein and fat. While spring mix can be a nutritious part of their diet, it should not be the sole source of their nutrition. Sulcata tortoises need a varied diet that includes a mix of leafy greens, vegetables, and fruits to ensure they receive all the essential nutrients they require. Spring mix is a blend of baby lettuces and other tender greens, such as spinach and arugula. While these greens can provide some of the necessary vitamins and minerals for sulcata tortoises, they alone do not provide a complete and balanced diet. Spring mix is often low in fiber and can be high in moisture, which may cause digestive issues in tortoises if fed in excessive amounts. To ensure that your sulcata tortoise is receiving a complete and balanced diet, it is important to supplement their spring mix with other foods. Leafy greens such as dandelion greens, collard greens, and kale are excellent choices. These greens are high in fiber and provide a variety of essential nutrients. They should be the foundation of a sulcata tortoise's diet. In addition to leafy greens, sulcata tortoises should also be fed a variety of vegetables. Some good choices include bell peppers, carrots, and squash. These vegetables should be diced or shredded to make them easier for the tortoise to eat. Fruits can also be a part of a sulcata tortoise's diet, but they should be fed in moderation due to their higher sugar content. Some suitable fruits include strawberries, blueberries, and watermelon. It is best to offer fruits as occasional treats rather than as a staple food. When feeding your sulcata tortoise, it is important to provide a variety of foods to ensure they receive a well-rounded diet. This will help to prevent nutrient deficiencies and keep your tortoise healthy. It is also important to avoid feeding foods that are toxic to tortoises, such as avocados and rhubarb. Feeding your sulcata tortoise a balanced diet involves both a variety of food items and proper portion control. It is important to feed an appropriate amount of food to prevent obesity, which can lead to health problems in tortoises. A good guideline is to provide a portion of food that is roughly the size of the tortoise's shell or about 5% of its body weight per day. In conclusion, while spring mix can be a nutritious part of a sulcata tortoise's diet, it should not be the only food offered. Sulcata tortoises require a variety of leafy greens, vegetables, and fruits to receive a complete and balanced diet. By providing a varied diet and practicing portion control, you can ensure that your sulcata tortoise remains healthy and thriving. You may want to see also Are there any potential risks or health concerns associated with feeding sulcata tortoises spring mix? Feeding a well-balanced diet to sulcata tortoises is crucial for their overall health and well-being. One commonly recommended food option for these tortoises is a mixture called spring mix. Spring mix is a blend of various leafy greens such as lettuce, spinach, and kale. While it is generally considered safe and nutritious for sulcata tortoises, there are a few potential risks and health concerns that owners should be aware of. One concern with feeding spring mix to sulcata tortoises is its high water content. Sulcata tortoises are native to arid regions of Africa and have evolved to conserve water. Feeding them high-moisture foods like spring mix can lead to diarrhea and other digestive issues. To mitigate this risk, it is important to offer spring mix sparingly and provide access to dry grasses and hays, which are more similar to their natural diet. Additionally, spring mix may contain high levels of oxalates, which can bind to calcium and prevent its absorption. Sulcata tortoises require a calcium-rich diet to support healthy shell growth and prevent metabolic bone disease. While spring mix can be a good source of calcium when fed in moderation, excessive consumption could potentially contribute to calcium imbalances. It is important to offer a variety of calcium-rich foods, such as calcium supplements or cuttlebone, in addition to spring mix to ensure adequate calcium intake. Another consideration when feeding spring mix to sulcata tortoises is the potential for pesticide residues. Conventionally-grown greens may be treated with pesticides, which can be harmful to tortoises when ingested. To minimize this risk, it is recommended to source organic or pesticide-free spring mix or grow your own greens to ensure they are free from harmful chemicals. To safely and effectively feed spring mix to sulcata tortoises, it is best to follow these steps: - Offer spring mix as part of a varied diet: While spring mix can provide a good base for the diet, a variety of other vegetables, fruits, and grasses should also be included to ensure a well-rounded nutritional profile. - Feed in moderation: Limit the amount of spring mix offered to prevent excessive moisture intake and digestive issues. A general guideline is to offer spring mix as no more than 10-20% of the daily food intake. - Monitor calcium levels: Regularly monitor calcium levels in the tortoise's diet and adjust accordingly. Consider providing additional calcium-rich options to compensate for any potential calcium-binding effects of oxalates in spring mix. - Source pesticide-free greens: Whenever possible, choose organic or pesticide-free spring mix to minimize the risk of pesticide residues. Alternatively, consider growing your own greens to ensure they are free from harmful chemicals. In conclusion, feeding sulcata tortoises spring mix can be a nutritious option, but it is important to be aware of the potential risks and health concerns associated with it. Taking steps to provide a balanced diet, feed in moderation, monitor calcium levels, and source pesticide-free greens can help ensure the overall health and well-being of these magnificent creatures. You may want to see also What are some alternative greens or vegetables that can be fed to sulcata tortoises if spring mix is not available? Sulcata tortoises are herbivores and require a diet rich in fiber and calcium to maintain good health. While spring mix is a popular choice for feeding sulcata tortoises, it may not always be readily available or affordable. Fortunately, there are plenty of alternative greens and vegetables that can be fed to sulcata tortoises to provide the necessary nutrients. One excellent alternative to spring mix is dandelion greens. Dandelion greens are highly nutritious and readily available. They are rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as calcium, iron, and fiber. Dandelion greens can be harvested from your yard or purchased from the grocery store. It is important to ensure that the dandelions have not been treated with any chemicals or pesticides before feeding them to your sulcata tortoise. Another great option is collard greens. Collard greens are a staple in many southern cuisines and are readily available in most grocery stores. They are high in fiber and contain significant amounts of vitamins A, C, and K. Collard greens should be washed thoroughly before feeding them to your tortoise to remove any dirt or pesticides. Kale is another nutritious option for sulcata tortoises. It is high in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as calcium and fiber. However, kale should be fed in moderation as it is also high in oxalates, which can interfere with calcium absorption in large quantities. It is best to rotate kale with other greens to ensure a varied diet. Other greens and vegetables that can be fed to sulcata tortoises include mustard greens, turnip greens, and romaine lettuce. Mustard greens and turnip greens are both high in fiber and provide good amounts of vitamins A and C. Romaine lettuce is a hydrating and low-calorie option that can be fed in moderation. When feeding greens and vegetables to sulcata tortoises, it is important to offer a varied diet to ensure they receive all the necessary nutrients. It is recommended to provide a mix of at least three different types of greens daily. This can help prevent boredom and ensure a balanced diet. Additionally, it is important to remember that greens and vegetables should only make up a portion of your sulcata tortoise's diet. They should also have access to high-quality grass or grass hay, as well as a calcium source, such as cuttlebone or a calcium supplement. In conclusion, if spring mix is not available, there are several alternatives that can be fed to sulcata tortoises. Dandelion greens, collard greens, kale, mustard greens, turnip greens, and romaine lettuce are all nutritious options that can provide the necessary nutrients for your tortoise. Remember to offer a varied diet and provide additional grass or grass hay and a calcium source to ensure optimal health for your sulcata tortoise. You may want to see also Frequently asked questions Yes, sulcata tortoises can eat spring mix. Spring mix is a combination of various leafy greens, such as lettuce, spinach, and arugula, which are all safe for tortoises to consume. However, it's important to feed spring mix in moderation and as part of a varied diet to ensure that your tortoise is receiving all the necessary nutrients. Spring mix can be a healthy food option for sulcata tortoises when offered in moderation. While it contains a variety of leafy greens that are rich in vitamins and minerals, it may lack certain essential nutrients that tortoises require. It's recommended to supplement the diet with other items like grasses, weeds, and various vegetables to ensure a well-rounded diet. Spring mix should not be the main source of food for sulcata tortoises. While it can be included as part of a varied diet, it should not be the sole source of nutrition. Sulcata tortoises require a diverse range of foods, including grasses, weeds, vegetables, and even edible flowers, to meet their nutritional needs. Offering a rotation of different foods will help provide a balanced diet. Spring mix can be offered to sulcata tortoises a few times a week, in small portions. It is important not to overfeed spring mix or any other type of greens, as excessive consumption can lead to diarrhea or other digestive issues. It's best to monitor your tortoise's intake and adjust the amount accordingly. While spring mix itself is safe for sulcata tortoises, there are a few concerns to be aware of. First, it's important to select spring mix that is free from any chemicals or pesticides. Secondly, spring mix should be fed in moderation to prevent an imbalance in calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, which can lead to metabolic bone disease. Finally, it's crucial to supplement the diet with other food items to ensure a well-rounded and nutritious diet for your tortoise.

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Among the people who practice exercise regularly there are two very different camps: those who love the classic ‘cardio’ (running, walking, cycling…) and, on the contrary, those who believe that running is for cowards and prefer that nothing gets them out of it. from the weight room. This last group defends that improvements in cardiovascular performance can be obtained through strength training. If this statement seems crazy to you, try doing a series of twenty squats with little rest between them and you will see what happens to your heart rate. Although these types of stimuli can lead to a feeling of flushing and agitation very similar to what you would have with a sprint race, however, we cannot assume that the two physiological responses are similar (or that they induce similar training adaptations) based solely on in our sensations. The prestigious and always interesting dissemination team of ‘Mass Research echoed a recently published study which aimed to examine cardiorespiratory responses to a specific squat task, specifically the participants did five sets of ten repetitions of squats at 65% of their RM with three minutes of rest between them. To understand the aerobic and cardiovascular demand of a given type of exercise, it is useful to examine specific cardiorespiratory parameters, such as heart rate, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production. The study is complex and the explanations require certain basic knowledge, but we are going to try to clarify if the weightlifters are right. The key is to try to define what we mean by ‘cardio’, something that for Eric Trexler of Mass Research depends on three fundamental criteria: Are we getting oxygen consumption to increase to the level we would expect from a ‘cardio’ session? The study analyzed detected an increase in the levels of oxygen consumption (VO2) up to 47.8 ± 8.9 ml/kg/min. Of course, this is not the first resistance training study to evaluate oxygen consumption, and review of values measured in previous studies go in the same direction and indicate, quite conclusively, that weight lifting counts as ‘ cardio’, if the definition of ‘cardio’ refers only to burning calories. To do this we need to introduce the concept of ‘MET’ which are multiples of the energy expenditure at rest. The VO2 levels achieved by the participants in the squat study achieved MET levels greater than 11. For context, running at 10 km/h represents approximately 16 METs. Does it achieve the metabolic adaptations we would expect from traditional cardiovascular exercise? Cardiovascular exercise (well planned) increases mitochondrial volume to fine-tune the ‘machinery’ that oxidizes substrates during aerobic energy production. For this reason, increases occur in mitochondrial enzymes associated with the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates. Another important adaptation to this type of stimuli is the increase in the capillary density of the muscle, which facilitates a faster delivery of oxygen and energy substrates to the working muscle. Returning to what concerns us, does lifting weights achieve these types of changes? There is evidence that strength training can induce similar adaptations, with two important caveats. First, the magnitude of these adaptations tends to be smaller compared to traditional ‘cardio’. Secondly, these adaptations are highly dependent on the characteristics of the type of strength training. If you are doing a high-intensity, low-volume program (such as can occur in powerlifting programming), it is unlikely that you will see a significant magnitude of adaptations similar to those of aerobic training. On the contrary, you are much more likely to achieve some of these aerobic metabolic adaptations if you perform a high-volume, low-intensity program. In short, we should not view adaptations to cardiovascular training and strength training as dichotomous in nature. Some people will gain muscle and strength in response to a cardiovascular program (depending on their initial training status), and some people will experience aerobic adaptations in response to a strength training program (depending on their initial fitness level). Does strength training cause the structural adaptations we would expect from traditional cardiovascular training? By ‘cardio’ exercise it is clear that we are referring to cardiovascular, and the cardiac (heart) tissue adapts considerably better when it responds to this type of training. However, we should not see cardiac adaptations to strength exercise and ‘cardio’ as dichotomous, as we explained in the case of metabolic adaptations. The cardiac adaptations They depend on the characteristics of the exercise program that we follow and the key factors are the preload (how much the ventricle has stretched at the end of diastole) and the afterload (the pressures in the aorta that ventricular contraction must overcome to open the aortic valve and expel blood into the aorta). If a resistance training session is structured to produce a large and sustained increase in cardiac output with modest afterload pressures, one would expect cardiac adaptations that closely resemble cardiovascular training. In contrast, if a resistance training session is structured to produce a minimal increase in cardiac output with substantial afterload pressures, very different cardiac adaptations to cardiovascular training would be expected. Grounding this theory in concrete examples, the cardiac adaptations that we could achieve with the CrossFit or with circuit-type training would be similar to the adaptations of aerobic resistance training, while the adaptations achieved through pure hypertrophy training, such as that of bodybuilding, will be much more modest. Strength training can produce levels of oxygen consumption and energy expenditure similar to ‘cardio’ (although less efficiently), induce some of the aerobic metabolic adaptations we associate with cardiovascular exercise (although to a lesser extent), and may even induce some moderate structural adaptations to the heart although to a substantially lesser degree than purely ‘cardio’ exercise. Most importantly, we should not view training adaptations in an exclusive way. Strength training offers some of the benefits and adaptations we generally associate with aerobic exercise. However, it is a good idea for almost everyone to add some conventional ‘cardio’ physical activity, even if it is just a leisurely walk, to maintain overall health. #squats #count #cardio

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It means there is an open circuit. You could translate as zero Load. Zero is a whole number and definition of monomial is " a number, or a variable, or a combination of a constant and a variable" No combination of non-zero even numbers can be relatively prime. The first traces evidence that has been noted on the zero was found in the 3rd century B.C.E. 5,000 years ago. The first recorded zero is attributed to the Babylonians. They wrote in cuneiform and their zero was represented by a slanted double wedge that was inserted between cuneiform symbols for numbers. Then after a long period where nobody else used zero the Mayans independently invented zero in the 4th century CE. Their zero was represented by a black football shaped figure that looks like it has a white smiley in the center. The final independent discovery of the zero was in India in the middle of the 5thcentury. Their zero was represented by a dot. It later spread to China,Arabia, and Europe in which it became the zero we know now as an open circle. Zero point zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero six. To change the code on a Zero Halliburton case, you will typically need to reset the existing lock combination by following the manufacturer's instructions. This usually involves using a small tool or pin to reset the combination dials to a new code of your choosing. Make sure to keep the new code secure and easily accessible for future use. The Halliburton briefcase is made of aluminum, but has roughly the same durablility as their leather briefcases. I think that is the Geo-Aluminum Zero Halliburton is a company (formerly called Zierold Company) which produces briefcases and luggage cases. The case are hard and usually made of durable aluminum. * Inception: * Mission Impossible 4Hell Boy - 2004.The Secret Life of Walter MittyWhite House DownFierce Creatures 1997.Silver Case , 2011 If you like zero then get zero voltage drop is zero bcz in open ckt current will be zero 5 or 75 forgot its not zero its stupid its diet all diets have 0 a circuit with no resistance or zero resistance can be considered as open circuit in which the current is zero. without resistance the circuit just becomes open () Be in 1st place in ether Babylon Story or Sonic Story. I forgot which one it is.

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Reading and Phonics Read Write Inc – Read Write Inc (RWI) is a synthetic phonics programme, developed by Ruth Miskin, that supports all children to learn to read from an early age. All children participate in daily Phonics sessions from Reception until they have completed the programme (usually by the end of Year 2). Phonics sessions are also for children in Year 3 and 4 who have not yet reached the expectations required by the Read Write Inc programme. Phonics sessions are delivered daily from 9am until 9:45am. During these sessions, children are taught sounds, practise reading green words, learn to spell words and will read a decodable book suitable for their reading ability. Additional one to one tutoring is given to some children who require extra practice when learning to read. ‘Fred Talk’ – Fred the frog helps children when learning to read. Fred can only speak in sounds (c-a-t, d-o-g). Hearing Fred speak helps children to hear that words are made up of sounds. The children help Fred to blend these sounds together into a word. This step of oral blending is a key skill which is needed when learning to read. Set 1, Set 2 and Set 3 sounds – Children will learn Set 1 sounds first and then move on to Set 2 and Set 3 sounds when relevant. Children are initially taught the sound a letter makes, and not letter names, in order to read words accurately. Children will be taught ‘Special Friend’ and ‘Chatty Friend’ sounds. ‘Special Friends’ are a combination of two or three letters that represent one sound, eg sh, ay, ea. ‘Chatty Friends’ are two letters that make a sound but are separated by another letter eg, a-e in cake. Set 1 sounds: m a s d t i n p g o c k u b f e l h r j v y w z x sh th ch qu ng nk Set 2 sounds: ay ee igh ow oo oo ar or air ir ou oy Set 3 sounds: ea oi a-e i-e o-e u-e aw are ur er ow ai oa ew ire ear ure Additional sounds: ue ie au e-e kn ck wh ph Please follow this link to hear how to say the sounds: https://youtu.be/TkXcabDUg7Q Green words – Green words are decodable words that contain previously learnt sounds to ensure that children are able to read them accurately. Children are taught to identify the ‘Special Friend’ first, then ‘Fred Talk’ the word before blending the sounds together into a whole word. Over time, children are taught to ‘Fred in your Head’. This teaches the children to say the sounds in their head before saying the word out loud. Once children have learnt this skill, their reading speed will begin to increase as they begin to read and recognise more words. Spelling using ‘Fred Fingers’ – Read Write Inc uses ‘Fred Fingers’ to help children to sound out words to spell easily. Children are encouraged to use their non writing hand to sound out the word they wish to spell. They then use the sounds that they have learnt to spell the word. This means that, whilst your child is learning to spell words, some words may be phonetically plausible attempts. Please follow this link to see how ‘Fred Fingers’ are taught: https://youtu.be/absSgYIPCns Red words – Red words are ‘tricky’ words that are not decodable as they do not follow regular language patterns. This means that children are unable to ‘Fred Talk’ these words and are therefore taught to identify the ‘tricky’ part in the word to help to read and spell them. Progression of groups – Children are assessed half termly to determine which coloured RWI group is the most suitable for their reading abilities. The difficulty and words per book increase as the coloured groups move on. Coloured groups are ordered: Red, Green, Purple, Pink, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Grey. Please see below to see the expected progress for children accessing RWI. Reception – End of Autumn term – Group C Reception – End of Spring term – Red group Reception – End of Summer term – Green/Purple group Year One – End of Autumn term – Pink group Year One – End of Spring term – Yellow group Year One – End of Summer term – Blue group Year Two – End of Autumn term – Grey group Year Two – End of Spring term – Completed the RWI Phonics programme Supporting your child’s reading at home – Listening to your child read daily is vital in supporting their reading journey. Encouraging children to practise the skills they have learnt in school will help them whilst reading their home books. Children will bring home one or two closely matched reading books a week. This is to ensure that children read the same story again and again. Re-reading the same book helps children to become confident readers as they are able to read accurately, fluently and are able to comprehend what they have read. It is also important to continue to read to your child, even when they are able to read themselves. Please follow this link for 10 things to think about when you read to your child: https://youtu.be/iHMl70ZmxIQ Phonics Screening Check (include nonsense words) – All children in Year One are expected to take part in a Phonics Screening Check. The check contains 40 words that are divided into two sections. Each section contains a mixture of real words and nonsense words. The aim of the check is to ensure that all children can accurately decode words to read. Children who do not reach the expected standard in Year One are expected to take the check again in Year Two to ensure that they enter Key Stage Two at the expected level. Please follow this link for more information about the Phonics Screening Check: https://youtu.be/LbKGLJPp6ww To encourage a love of reading and provide further engagement and motivation for reading, Rosemellin School uses the Accelerated Reader programme for all children who have completed RWI phonics. Following an assessment carried out each term, our children spend time each day reading their own choice of books from a selection chosen to ensure the greatest speed of development. After reading each book, children complete an online quiz in school which gives them feedback on their reading. Accelerated Reader promotes and rewards reading for pleasure, gives teachers the information they need to monitor children’s reading practice and to make informed decisions to guide their future learning. Children collect points based on the books they read and are awarded certificates as they progress through the AR levels. More details about how Accelerated Reader works can be found here: Useful links – 200 Reads is the reading challenge for Key Stage 1. The children have been challenged to read 200 times at home before the end of the year. They will still get moves up for reading 3 or more times a week but every time they read at home they will earn a tick toward their 200. As an extra incentive they earn a prize for every 20 reads which they could achieve every month if they read 5 times a week. We hope that this will encourage the children to read at home, practice their reading skills and develop a love of reading. Thank you for your support with this.

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https://rosemellin.croftymat.org/curriculum/reading/

2024-12-06T20:55:31Z

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With schools back in session, let’s go on a quick Science refresher. Water is life. It is everywhere around us. Our planet is made out of roughly 71% water, while our body is about 60% water. We need water for digestion, secretion, breathing and blood circulation. Our environment needs water too; from the tiniest of insects to the giant whales in the oceans, from moss to giant rainforest trees, water is essential to every living thing on this planet. With water playing such an important role in our lives and the life of our planet as well, are you getting enough water and how to ensure that you are drinking sufficiently. Water keeps us going! You should drink around 2 liters of water daily, which is about 8 glasses and if you sweat more or participate in sports or exercise, then you should increase your intake to another 2 glasses of water. Did you know that men drink more water than women? They do, about a liter more too. With all these mention about liters and glasses, some would find it troublesome to remember how much water we have drunk throughout the day. Luckily, there is help available! - Water Apps- with about so many apps available for almost everything, you can try downloading one of those water drinking apps where the app buzzes you as a reminder to drink water. - Water bottle- measure your water intake using your water bottle. Say you have a 1 liter bottle to start off your day in the morning, just finish it by lunch, refill and finish the other liter by the time you get off work. Our Tupperware Eco Bottles come in various sizes, from 350ml to 2 liters. If you find plain water boring, try making your own water infusions! Mint leaves, cucumber slices, strawberries and blueberries are just a few ingredients you can put into your water for some fun, fresh flavors. Now, we wouldn’t mind gulping down on that the whole day. Clean water sources Malaysia is a country blest with abundant water sources; from monsoon rains all year round to our many flowing rivers, water shouldn’t be difficult to get. Yet, in recent years we have seen water shortages and water pollution situations increasing. These situations arise from the increase in development and population, outdated water pipes that lead to burst pipes, weak law enforcement on protecting water sources, poor urban management and lack of public responsibility on the usage of water. Water shortages at home can be solved with larger water tank installations. But how do we ensure the water that we use at home is clean? Our water can be polluted not just from the source itself i.e. dams and rivers, but also from the old pipes running into and throughout our homes. We use water to clean, cook, drink and bathe. It is important that our water is free from contaminants, viruses, bacteria and still contain minerals that are beneficial to our health. Our Nano Nature Water Filtration System has a 3-stage filtration consisting of a Patented Pleated Nano-Ceram Filter, High Density Activated Carbon Block Filter and Bakuhan Enhancement Tank that works to remove contaminants, 99.99% of bacteria and viruses, and contains 19 different beneficial minerals to increase water alkalinity, filling your water with natural therapeutic qualities and improved water clarity and taste. Get clean water for your home with Nano Nature Water Filtration System and build your immune system to keep your family safe and healthy, because water is life.

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https://shop.tupperwarebrands.com.my/blogs/tupperblog/clean-water-healthy-body-and-planet

2024-12-06T19:50:42Z

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It is more crucial than ever to create more with less, as the world population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. Governments in developing countries will need to improve the sector's sustainability, and resilience as demand for the water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector keeps rising, particularly as a result of the effects of climate change. Scarcity and safety, treatment and monitoring, utility operations, water efficiency, and analytics and data all greatly benefit from innovation and Water Technology. Global entrepreneurs observe an increase in utilities and companies' willingness to test and adopt innovative technologies. Examples include water level sensors, which can assist with water accounting; the internet of things, which also enables smart irrigation and water quality control; and complex water management models, which can be created with new computing capacity. Water Scarcity Is A Major Challenge Due to ongoing water shortages around the globe, one of the biggest risks to humanity today is water scarcity. Only around 3% of the world's water is suitable for human consumption, with 2% of that quantity found in glaciers and ice caps. By including it in its Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations has given water the attention it deserves. Water is so essential that governments have begun creating new initiatives and technology to mitigate its effects on the global population. Some of these endeavours include desalination, rainfall collection, wastewater treatment, and water location transfers. Such efforts might be advanced by collaborating with businesses that provide the newest technical advancements in the industry. A recent virtual event hosted by the World Bank and the water innovation accelerator Imagine H2O featured fourteen water technology companies with particularly promising goods and services. Water Saving With Water Technology We have become so accustomed to the presence of water that we have forgotten that, unlike energy, we have not discovered any new sources of it and are not producing any new water. We are limited to what we have. Severe droughts have been brought on by climate change throughout the world, including California, So Paolo, and India as a whole. Now is the time to consider this looming issue and try to improve the world for future generations. We must be more determined to conserve water, but we also need technology. Some of the ways to help technology save water: Traditional water metres need to be manually read, thus the majority of service providers only read the metres once every three months or even twice a year. Then they send the customers' invoices. The bills are essentially assertions that give no information about how much water was used. Individual consumption readings are available to consumers in real-time via smart metres.Leakage Detection A leaking toilet can squander more than 700 litres of water daily, which is more than the average Indian household uses daily. The second major causes of water loss worldwide are faulty and leaking pipes, unexpected pipe breaks brought on by ageing and environmental changes. Systems for real-time leakage detection can alert consumers to incidents immediately, allowing them to take appropriate corrective action.Distribution Management Managing water distribution is a difficult task, regardless of how big or small the apartment complex is. The distribution manager can view a dashboard of supply and demand as well as historical data on water consumption thanks to real-time technology. Facilities managers can make informed judgements using data to either source more water or preserve water while considering the current and future water demands. Thus it is our responsibility to save water and keep track of water consumption with Water Level Sensor. This will surely help in saving water for future consumption.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://social.urgclub.com/read-blog/67783_what-is-the-role-of-water-technology-in-controlling-water-from-wastage.html

2024-12-06T20:14:39Z

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10 key questions, 12 authors and two years of drafting time led to a comprehensive paper on planning and design strategies for solar neighborhoods, which has just been published by the journal Building and Environment. The initiative originated from Associate Professor Maria Wall, who heads IEA SHC Task 63 on Solar Neighborhood Planning and is based in Sweden at the Lund University’s Building & Environmental Technology Department. “We worked hard to choose questions that have relevance not only for researchers but also for policy makers, practitioners and urban planners,” said Wall. The idea for publishing the series of “Ten Questions” papers was initiated in 2016 by the editors of Building and Environment. You can download the paper here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110946 Graphic: Building and Environment, Elsevier Ltd. Visualization of the ten areas concerning solar neighborhood planning and design strategies treated in the Ten Questions paper. Source: Paper, Building and Environment 246 (2023) 110946 What is a solar neighborhood? What are the passive and active solar strategies in solar neighborhoods? What are the challenges when implementing passive solar strategies into solar neighborhoods? What legislative agenda is needed to support solar neighborhoods? These are some of the questions raised and comprehensively answered in the paper. The questions can best be answered by an interdisciplinary team. This is exactly where the strength of the IEA SHC Programme lies. For 10 years, Wall has led an international, multi-disciplinary research group on solar urban planning within IEA SHC. From May 2013 to April 2017 the activities ran under IEA SHC Task 51 on Solar Energy in Urban Planning. Since September 2019 they have been part of Task 63 Solar Neighborhood Planning. The question How are passive and active solar strategies applied in solar neighborhoods? is answered in the paper with practical examples. Basically, the experts in Task 51 and 63 have described planning and design strategies using detailed case studies. In the paper, five projects are illustrated: One Central Park in Sydney (Australia), West5 in London (Canada), Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim (Norway), Violino district in Brescia (Italy) and Science and Technology Park Adlershof in Berlin (Germany). You can find factsheets from more than 30 case studies on a world map at this link, collected within Task 51. The experts of Task 63 will add around 20 new case studies to the map next year. Unique overarching article In the decade since 2013 there have only been a few occasions when a larger, international group of IEA SHC solar urban planning experts have teamed up to write an interdisciplinary paper. The first was in 2019 with the title A cross-country perspective on solar energy in urban planning: Lessons learned from international case studies, which is also available in open access. However, the Ten Questions paper is a special case in its overarching content, according to Wall. “We have summarized experiences and findings from more than ten years of international research in this paper and quoted more than 200 references”, she said. “The writing process was really a great experience, since we learned a lot from each other and got different perspectives on our work”. Gabriele Lobaccaro and Mattia Manni from NTNU had the role of coordinating the work with this paper and “did the job very well”, Wall confirmed. All 10 Questions papers had a two-step review process. In the first step in 2022 the author team suggested the ten questions and listed ten very short answers. They then received feedback from the reviewers and approval to start writing the paper in 2022. The second peer review took place in 2023. Finally the paper was accepted for publication in Building and Environment in October 2023. IEA SHC: https://www.iea-shc.org/ IEA SHC Task 51: https://task51.iea-shc.org/ IEA SHC Task 63: https://task63.iea-shc.org/ Interdisciplinary paper from 2019: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.041 Interdisciplinary paper from 2023: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110946 World map with case studies on solar urban planning: https://task51.iea-shc.org/case-studies Building and Environment: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/building-and-environment

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://solarthermalworld.org/news/interdisciplinary-author-team-answers-ten-questions-concerning-planning-and-design-strategies-for-solar-neighborhoods/

2024-12-06T20:46:14Z

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of goals adopted by all countries in 2015 to secure the rights and well-being of everyone on a healthy, thriving planet. They recognise that ending poverty must go hand-in-hand with guaranteeing people’s right to food, health care, housing, education and other human rights, while tackling climate change and protecting the environment. In 2023, the United Nations announced that only 15% of the Sustainable Development Goals were on track and that a “fundamental shift in global behaviour” was necessary to deliver on the promise of the Goals. Part of this fundamental shift must include a new appreciation of the integral role of human rights defenders in helping States to meet the Goals, and a reversal in the increasing restrictions on the right to defend rights. On 17 October 2024, the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders presented a report to the General Assembly which highlights the contributions made by human rights defenders to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In the report, she demonstrates that human rights defenders are active across every one of the 17 Goals, placing human rights at the core of sustainable development. In doing so, they are assisting States in their responsibility to leave no one behind. In the lead up to the UN General Assembly, the Special Rapporteur shared stories of human rights defenders around the world who work tirelessly to advance the Sustainable Development Goals in their communities. Below is the full set of visuals designed to highlight their diversity, their victories and the challenges they face.

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https://srdefenders.org/human-rights-defenders-and-the-sdgs/

2024-12-06T21:05:42Z

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As a furniture designer, your role involves creating innovative and aesthetically pleasing furniture pieces. While your primary focus is on design and functionality, it’s crucial to be aware of potential occupational hazards associated with your profession. One significant concern is the potential exposure to various hazardous substances used in the furniture manufacturing process. Some of these substances may contain components that, with prolonged exposure, could pose health risks, including potential carcinogenic effects. Hardwood dust generated when working with wood or chromium VI compounds in leather used for furniture are two carcinogens that might be present. To mitigate this risk, it’s essential to install proper ventilation devices, adhere to safety protocols minimising direct contact with potentially harmful substances and use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) By prioritising safety measures, utilising protective equipment, and strictly adhering to industry guidelines, Furniture Designers can significantly reduce potential health risks associated with their profession. Regular health check-ups, ongoing safety training, and maintaining awareness of potential hazards contribute to a healthier and more sustainable career in furniture design.

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https://stopcarcinogensatwork.eu/occupations/furniture-designer/

2024-12-06T20:53:40Z

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Engineers excel at solving problems. They can design systems that provide clean drinking water, generate electricity from sunlight and improve personal health. While the design of these systems demands technical skill, success or failure ultimately resides with the people who use and maintain them and whose lives depend on them — that is, with a social network. Problem solver and data provider. Advocate, explorer and teacher. Scientists play these and other roles in the often contentious environmental policy process, but not everyone agrees on which role is most important or even proper.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://terra.oregonstate.edu/tag/social-sciences/

2024-12-06T19:11:14Z

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The Importance of Health and Wellness Hello, dear readers! Welcome to our guide on how to stay fit and healthy. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of leading a balanced lifestyle and the benefits it brings. Taking care of your body and mind is crucial for a fulfilling and joyful life, so let’s dive in and discover the secrets to a healthier you! The Role of Nutrition in Your Overall Well-Being Proper nutrition plays a significant role in maintaining good health. Your body requires a well-rounded diet that includes all the essential nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. By fueling your body with nutritious foods, you provide it with the energy it needs to function optimally. Make sure to include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your diet. It’s also essential to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Remember, a well-nourished body is better equipped to fight off illnesses and maintain overall well-being. The Power of Regular Exercise Hello again! Now that we’ve covered the importance of nutrition, let’s talk about the role of regular exercise in achieving and maintaining a fit and healthy lifestyle. Exercise not only helps you maintain a healthy weight but also keeps your cardiovascular system strong and your muscles toned. Engaging in physical activity releases endorphins, also known as “feel-good” hormones, which boost your mood and reduce stress. Whether it’s a brisk walk, a yoga session, or a high-intensity workout, find an exercise routine that you enjoy and can stick to in the long run. Remember, consistency is key. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week. Mix up your workouts to keep things interesting and challenge different muscle groups. Your body will thank you! The Power of Rest and Recovery While exercise is crucial, so is giving your body adequate time to rest and recover. Rest days are just as important as workout days. During rest, your body repairs and rebuilds muscle tissues, replenishes energy stores, and allows your mind to relax. Make sure to get enough sleep each night, aiming for seven to eight hours of quality rest. Prioritize relaxation techniques such as meditation and deep breathing to reduce stress levels and promote a sense of calmness in your daily life. Remember, a well-rested body is better equipped to handle the challenges that come its way. The Importance of Mental Well-being Hello there! In addition to physical health, mental well-being is equally important for leading a balanced and fulfilling life. Take the time to check in with yourself regularly and prioritize self-care activities that bring you joy and relaxation. Engage in activities that challenge your mind, such as reading, puzzles, or learning a new skill. Surround yourself with positive and supportive people who uplift you and contribute to your overall well-being. Practice gratitude and mindfulness to cultivate a positive mindset. If you find yourself struggling with your mental health, don’t hesitate to seek professional help. Remember, it’s okay not to be okay sometimes, and reaching out for support is a sign of strength. The Role of Stress Management Stress is a natural part of life, but excessive stress can have detrimental effects on your overall well-being. Learning effective stress management techniques is crucial in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. Find activities that help you unwind and relax, such as taking a bath, going for a nature walk, or practicing yoga. Engaging in hobbies and activities that bring you joy can also help reduce stress levels. Remember to prioritize self-care and set boundaries in both your personal and professional life. Learn to say no when necessary and avoid overcommitting yourself. By managing stress effectively, you’ll be able to navigate life’s challenges with resilience and grace. The Importance of Social Connections Hello, dear readers! As social beings, humans thrive on social connections. Maintaining healthy relationships and social interactions is vital for your overall well-being. Take the time to connect with your loved ones, family, and friends regularly. Engage in activities together, share experiences, and offer support when needed. Surround yourself with positive and like-minded individuals who inspire you and uplift your spirits. In this digital age, it’s important to strike a balance between online and offline interactions. While technology allows us to stay connected virtually, make sure to also prioritize face-to-face interactions and quality time with those who matter most to you. Conclusion: Embrace a Balanced Lifestyle for Optimal Health Hello again! We’ve explored various aspects of leading a balanced lifestyle and the significant benefits it brings. By prioritizing nutrition, regular exercise, rest and recovery, mental well-being, stress management, and social connections, you can achieve optimal health and well-being. Remember, a healthy lifestyle is a lifelong journey. Start by making small changes and gradually incorporate healthier habits into your daily routine. Celebrate your progress along the way and embrace the beauty of a balanced lifestyle. Here’s to your health and happiness! Cheers!

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2024-12-06T20:57:03Z

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People and businesses own much of the land in Tennessee. While government ownership of land does not always work in the best interest of the environment, there are state efforts to prevent the misuse and pollution of land. Nonprofit organizations have also bought and adopted land and served as stewards to restore the property. Earlier this year, U.S. News reported that an environmental organization bought more than 6,000 acres of land. The Justin P. Wilson Cumberland Trail State Park had the opportunity to absorb this land to further ambitions to support ecological health, wildlife habitats and recreational use. State park expansions The land provides a connection between other properties owned by the state and the Ozone Falls State Natural Area. This and other plans in place will add 300 miles of trails to the park. The park is one of Tennessee’s most spectacular. It spreads across two different time zones and covers an impressive 11 counties. Green space importance Urban centers are an economic necessity, but they do lead to greater levels of pollution. As cities continue to spread out, they encroach on green spaces. Developers quickly begin to replace woodlands with apartment complexes, shopping malls and restaurants. The Tennessee State website states that even in urban settings, people need green spaces. They help contribute to a healthier, happier and safer way of living. Every day, 5,000 acres of American lands become part of development plans. By turning as many of them over to conservation efforts as possible, people get the opportunity to use the land for generations to come in its natural state.

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https://thehurleylawfirm.com/2020/06/tns-work-to-protect-lands-from-pollution/

2024-12-06T19:05:05Z

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Whether you make a wrong move while playing sports or slip on the wet lawn, it’s pretty easy to get a strain. Then it’s time to act quickly! We will tell you how strains develop and how you can treat them. Also exciting: properly relax muscles >> Table of Contents This creates a muscle strain A strain is the easiest injury to a muscle and is clearly distinguished from a torn muscle fiber and a muscle tear. When a muscle is strained, the smallest functional unit of the muscle, the sarcomere, is damaged by being stretched beyond normal. The result: pain. In contrast to a muscle fiber tear, however, no hematomas are caused by the strain. Strains usually occur due to an insufficient warm-up phase during sports. But overloading the already tired muscles, lack of fitness and the wrong shoes can also promote muscle injuries. Thigh and calf strains are particularly common. Muscle strain – what to do? If a muscle is pulled, you should know the so-called LUCKY rule as a first aid measure, which applies to every muscle injury. The PECH rule consists of the following elements: P – Rest In the event of a strain, you should stop the activity immediately and rest the muscle. Immobilization is strongly recommended. E – Ice The affected area should now be chilled for at least 20 minutes. Important: Do not put the ice directly on the skin to avoid additional frostbite. Rather wrap a cloth around the ice pack or use a cold compress. C – Compression Now you should put on an elastic compression bandage. This helps prevent swelling and also provides stability. However, please do not apply the bandage too tightly – this could interrupt the blood supply. H – Elevation Now you should elevate the injured body part. This reduces the blood supply and the pain tends to subside. Important: The PICK rule is for first aid and must be applied immediately after the event. The right therapy for a muscle strain In order to continue treating the strain, you should consult a doctor and rely on pain-relieving and decongestant therapies. Physiotherapy, massages or anti-inflammatory drugs are often used here. It is also important that you take special care of your muscles. In the case of a muscle strain, four to six days are usually enough before you can put weight on the muscle again. However, it can sometimes take up to two weeks or even longer to reach full resilience. Also exciting: These massages relax the muscles >> prevent muscle strains To prevent a muscle strain from occurring in the first place, you can take a number of preventive measures. For example, avoid a cold start when exercising and always warm up well. Your sports shoes, your body statics and your own movements should also be checked from time to time. You should completely avoid excessive muscular strain, which promotes the development of muscle injuries.

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2024-12-06T20:31:16Z

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And Yosef replied to Pharaoh, saying, “Not I; God will give an answer [that will bring] peace to Pharaoh.” (Bereishis 41:16) CHANUKAH WAS THE last Jewish holiday to be established. Purim had become a holiday 189 years earlier because of the miraculous victory over the Persians, and Chanukah was the response to the miraculous victory over the Greeks. The world had changed dramatically during those 189 years though. When Mordechai and Esther engineered their turn of events, prophets still walked the face of the earth. When Mattisyahu and his sons carried out theirs, prophecy was long gone and hester panim—the hiding of God’s face—had become quite intense. The way we celebrate the two holidays actually reflects this difference of realities. Purim is so pro-active, with so much to do within the 24 hours of the holiday: Megillah, Matanos L’Evyonim, Mishloach Manos, and of course, the Mishteh—the Drinking Feast! Chanukah, on the other hand, is so passive. You CAN make a seudah, but you don’t HAVE to. It’s a “Mitzvah Reshus.” Basically, the only “real” mitzvah is the lighting of the Menorah, at least once candle each night, and just hang around it, without actually using its light, for about a half-hour. Latkes and sufganiot are purely optional, not even a “Mitzvah Reshus,” AND very high in calories. It makes Chanukah seem like a “tag on,” holiday, one that just happened to occur deep in the Greek exile because it just had to. Purim has this biblical feel to it, but not Chanukah. Chanukah barely feels rabbinic, more historic, a mere commemoration of an incredible event. But what would you say if I told you that all of history until Chanukah was just to make the holiday of Chanukah a reality? Even Purim was just a build up to Chanukah, and that Chanukah is the main one we hold onto in order to have safe passage to the Messianic Era, when the light of Chanukah will shine every day so that Chanukah can stop being only an eight-day holiday. Let me suggest an analogy. Let’s say a father wants to give his business over to his son. In the beginning, when the son first shows up at work to start learning the ropes, the father is around a lot. And he also has his employees direct the son and help him whenever he needs help. But as time goes on and the son starts to become more comfortable around the office, becoming very familiar with all the intricacies of the business, the father feels less of a need to watch over his son’s shoulder. He deliberately backs off and gives his son space to start acting and feeling more like a boss. Eventually, the father removes himself altogether, and leaves the entire business in the hands of his son. He may check up on the business from time to time, and perhaps even offer some advice every once and while. But for the most part, the father backs off altogether to let his son do his own thing. Hester panim, the hiding of God’s face, is always a double-edged sword. On one hand, it allows for people to deny God’s existence and turn their back on Torah. On the other hand, it affords a person the opportunity to emphasize their belief in God and Torah by doing His will at a time that His existence is not obvious. Likewise, there are two levels on which history can be understood. In the Garden of Eden, God’s Presence was inescapable. Even after leaving, he still spoke to people, and that lasted well past half of history, until 3448, or 313 BCE. This is why even the Jewish enemies, will all their idol worship, still acknowledge the reality of the Jewish God, and on occasion, even showed Him respect. But God had been weaning Himself out of history the entire time. One way or another, God has made it increasingly more difficult to “see” Him. Today, it is the hardest of all thanks to science, which has done an incredible job of demystifying Creation to such an extent that scientists and evolutionists feel completely confident in their heretical point of views. But as Chazal says, a light burns brightest, even a small one, when it is darkest. Like the moon told God, what good is light when it is already bright? Now the light of the moon is brilliant against the dark night sky, together with its accompaniment of stars. We all like to live in light. People get depressed just when the days get shorter in the wintertime. Night is compared to death. People are afraid of the dark, and often rightfully so. But on the other hand, a person can look at the darkness as a time for their own personal light to shine. Amongst other luminaries, their light might just be invisible. But in the dark, even a small light is noticeable for quite a distance. That’s why the Chanukah rebellion was so small, to emphasize how, during dark times, the few can overcome the many, that is, small lights can conquer great darkness. That is our opportunity whenever darkness encompasses us on any level, in any place, being it physical darkness or emotional darkness. It doesn’t really matter. Either way it is an opportunity to give off light to a dark world, and make a great difference to Creation and history. After all, Creation was made for the sake of free will. Free will was given to man to reveal God in the world. When he does that, then he earns his reward in the World-to-Come, the ultimate gift God made for man to receive. The greater the will, the greater the revelation, the greater the reward in the World-to-Come. Like the father who runs the business, God was very available in the “early years.” It was harder to reveal God because He was already so revealed by Himself. Prophecy. Miracles. They all screamed out that God was alive and well and functioning in history, so the main test was making sure you served the RIGHT God, and in the RIGHT way. Like the father who gives his business to his son, God, in a sense, has given Creation over to man. Oh, He’s always there running things from behind the scenes, because, after all, He’s God. How can He NOT be involved in everything. But He does it in a way that allows people to step forward and make it look as if THEY are the ones revealing God in the world. It is OUR job primarily to do that which makes the existence of God real for man, so that they can acknowledge His existence, and relate to him. Chanukah made, MAKES that perfectly clear. And so do these parshios. Since the Parashas Vayishlach, the world of Ya’akov’s family has become increasingly darker. Things kept going wrong, and becoming worse. Until these week’s parsha, which is perfect for Shabbos Chanukah. This is when Ya’akov Avinu and Yosef HaTzaddik show their family, and future generations, how to illuminate the darkness, and use it to reveal God, not further hide him. After all, Egypt was a VERY dark place, spiritually. And yet Potiphar first, and then Pharaoh himself, the “king of darkness” acknowledged the reality of God. They even turned to Yosef because of his connection to God, a HUGE Kiddush Hashem. He was a brilliant light anyhow, but Yosef’s light was even more brilliant because of where it gave off light. That’s why there are so many important hints to Chanukah in these parshios (which you can learn about in my books, “The Light of 36,” and “Once Revealed, Twice Concealed”). Chanukah is the thread that unites all of history, and it is certainly the light that unifies all of these parshios, and eventually Ya’akov’s family.

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Each year the calendar flips from May to June and we suddenly find ourselves in Summer. A season marked by hot sunny days, new rhythms, and scrambling to fill children’s days with activities. Summertime can create unique challenges for children who have experienced a death. Grieving children and their caregivers alike, may find themselves without familiar routines, the support of schools, and overwhelmed by their grief. As you begin to lean into summer here are few ideas for you to provide support for the grieving children in your life. Routine and Consistency The transition to new daily routines paired with grief may leave both children and caregivers feeling overwhelmed. Grieving children may struggle with insecurity surrounding control over their environment, schedules, and decisions being made without their input. Child development experts have found that children thrive with routine, and this is especially true for children who are grieving. Knowing what to expect from day to day is an important way create a sense of safety and stability. Ensuring children understand how their day is structured, what they will be doing, and who will be with them provides a sense of security. Consider setting up your child’s day to accommodate both what needs to be accomplished and their interests. Take time to listen to your child by allowing them to share their hopes and concerns with you. By including your child in these discussions and taking their ideas into consideration you are communicating that you value them and you build connection. Space for Grief Grief takes up space in a child’s mind, body, and heart. Grief can present as emotions, physical reactions, and behaviors. It is important to take the opportunity to set aside time and space for children to reflect on their grief. Creating intentional time to check in with your child about their grief provides an opportunity for them to share their experiences, learn about grief, and feel connected to their person who died. There are many ways to create opportunities for connection. By providing children the opportunity to play, be physically active, or participate in an activity you can create an atmosphere for conversation and questions. Ask yourself what your child enjoys and consider one of the following suggestions: - Spend time outdoors - Take a walk or bike ride - Go to a favorite restaurant or ice cream spot - Have a game night - Do a craft (make memory box or decorate a picture frame) - Read a book or watch a movie with themes of grief and loss - Look at old pictures or home movies - Visit the cemetery Opportunities for Community and Support Summer might be the perfect time for your family to try out a grief support group or a summer camp that supports grieving children. Participating in these types of opportunities allows children to be with other children who have also experienced a death, learn about grief, and gain tools to help them cope. Unity Hospice’s Generations – Hope for Grieving Families Unity is proud to offer Generations as a safe place for children and families in Northeastern Wisconsin to explore and share their grief experience. At Generations, activities and topics are tailored to children and teens aged 4-18. An adult group meets concurrently giving caregivers the opportunity share their grief experience. Groups are facilitated by Unity’s licensed professional counselors and social workers along with trained volunteers. Generations is held on the second Thursday of the month in July and August. Thanks to the generosity of our donors Unity’s Grief Support Services are available to the community free of charge. For more information or to register for Generations, call Unity at (920) 338-1111. UWGB Camp Lloyd Camp Lloyd is a weeklong camp for grieving children (grades 2 – 9) who have experienced a death. Held on the beautiful University of Wisconsin-Green Bay campus July 6 – 10, 2021, camp is filled with fun activities such as arts and crafts, music, games, and hiking. It is also a time for campers to explore their own experiences of grief, find support from each other, and realize that their feelings are normal. The Camp Lloyd staff consists of professional grief counselors and trained student interns from the UW-Green Bay. For further information and registration please visit https://www.uwgb.edu/camp-lloyd/. Looking for additional organizations that provide grief support for children visit the National Alliance for Grieving Children website for further information at https://childrengrieve.org/find-support. Be Kind to Yourself Lastly, be kind to yourself. Adults and caregivers often focus their energy into supporting their grieving child. Remember to take the time to care for yourself and honor your own grief. Children are better able to cope with grief when they witness the adults in their life sharing their grief and coping in healthy ways. Take the time for self-care and, perhaps, find grief support for yourself. If you found this information helpful, please share it with your network and community.

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https://unityhospice.org/blog-details/Supporting-a-Grieving-Child-through-the-Summer

2024-12-06T19:50:52Z

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Growing global concern about microplastics has spurred a range of research and studies into the different methods that can be adopted to reduce their widespread presence. Recent studies undertaken by South East Water can help water utilities gain invaluable first experiences in sampling and characterising this contaminant. Concurrent with the increase in production and usage of plastic materials worldwide has been the prevalence of microplastics (MPs); minuscule bits of plastic debris caused by the disposal and subsequent disintegration of consumer products and industrial waste. These MPs can pose a danger to the environment and public health, and have been found in the air, tap and bottled water, sea salt and even in fish caught for human consumption. The composition of microplastics can create significant health risks, as it can accumulate in the food chain and impact human food. As well as this, other toxic substances and undesirable chemicals can attach to the miniscule particles, and human ingestion can lead to increased exposure to these chemicals and result in harmful health problems. Sewage is a point source of MPs in the environment, with water recycling plants (WRPs) serving as a pathway for this contaminant to enter the environment. Despite this, existing WRPs across Australia are not specifically designed to manage MPs pollution. The effective management of the MPs risks requires a detailed understanding of the fate and transport of MPs in existing sewage treatment systems. In addition to this, Australian water utilities generally have limited or no experience in sampling and analysing MPs. There has also been a lack of knowledge about the efficiency of lagoon-based WRPs in removing MPs, a significant gap considering 60 per cent of more than 1,200 WRPs across Australia using ponds/lagoons as the primary treatment step, and 77 per cent using ponds as one of the treatment steps. In an attempt to better understand – and even potentially mitigate in the future – the prevalence of microplastics in Australian water utilities, South East Water partnered with the RMIT University team led by Associate Professor Linhua Fan to carry out the first long-term MPs study at WRPs in Australia. Conducted over two years, the study covered the fate and transport of MPs in three of the company’s WRPs, examining different treatment scenarios used by the Australian water industry. In carrying out this study, South East Water strove to cover all the different treatment scenarios used in Australia’s water industry, selecting three of the most representative WRPs at South East Water that include the most traditional activated sludge treatment process, the most advanced membrane treatment process, and the simplest lagoon-based process. The study covered industry catchment and residential catchment, as well as large-scale treatment plants and small-scale treatment plants. When it came to conducting research on these microplastics in WRPs, South East Water’s Strategic Research Manager, Dr Li Gao, said there were a lot of challenges. “At the beginning, we didn’t even know how to sample, or how to characterise and analyse microplastics, as no standards were available. This study was the first time a water utility had tried to do this. We needed to learn how to take samples of microplastics from sewage, how to analyse them, and how to characterise them. “This characterisation wasn’t easy. Sometimes, it can be hard to differentiate microplastics from other materials present in the wastewater samples. You have to use advanced analytic methods to actually differentiate them.” Dr Gao said the study allowed water utilities to gain industry-first experiences in sampling and characterising MPs. The study identified that the different treatment systems under the study can all achieve promising removal of MPs (more than 97 per cent). Furthermore, a seasonal variation of MPs concentration was also found, which was determined to likely relate to stormwater events in the catchment. “The results highlighted the potential of low-cost/lowenergy lagoon-based WRPs for microplastics control,” Dr Gao said. “Our findings help to address key knowledge gaps while also helping water utilities successfully manage microplastics in WRPs, mitigate microplastic pollution risks in the environment, and address community concerns.” Moving towards a circular economy As well as providing industry insight and knowledge this research is making progress towards helping South East Water move towards a circular economy-based business model. “Recycled water is a very, very important component for the circular economy. Water is a precious resource, and we need to make use of as many alternative water sources as possible to ensure we protect our drinking water so it can be used where it’s needed most. “To enable recycled water use, we have to make sure it complies with all the guidelines, and make sure it doesn’t pose any environmental or public health risks.” Dr Gao said that with MPs as an emerging contaminant, it is important to get a better understanding of them, their impact and their removal. “We have to remove them, and we have to provide the best quality of recycled water. This research helps South East Water and the water industry at large achieve better outcomes and supports a circular economy.” The research outcomes have so far resulted in two articles published in high impact peer-reviewed international journals. South East Water has already adopted the research outcomes for the risk management of emerging contaminants and strategic planning for the company’s future water recycling facilities. The South East Water and RMIT research has already had significant economic, environmental and social impacts, with the findings likely to reframe how the Australian water industry will meet the challenges of emerging contaminants. If you’re a water professional and want to learn more, you can contact Dr Li Gao on [email protected]

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The energy crisis is just an introduction to the real crisis that lubricates the economy and that’s water, said Benoit Le Roy, Director of Operations at Nexus Water Alchemy. During the recent 1.5 Degrees: Africa’s Net Zero Conference and Expo, the topic of Africa’s overstretched water resources was unpacked at length to understand its link in relation to climate change mitigation, energy creation and meeting net-zero ambitions. In trying to address the threat of water losses and inadequate water management in South Africa, panellists also discussed the use of technology for water security through digitalisation. “Water is a fundamental economic lubricant and we take it for granted from a health perspective. What we’re starting to see now with climate change, and a lot of other [factors], is that our [water] assets are not in the condition that we would like them to be,” Le Roy said. Climate change and water resources South Africa’s current water reserves are quite constrained due to a combination of evaporative losses and a lack of sufficient groundwater recharge due to heavy downpours and droughts, among other issues, such as leaks. As temperatures rise, the evaporation of South Africa’s water resources becomes even more of a threat. Therefore, it is imperative that water assets are improved, managed well and kept in optimal condition for maximum output. This is imperative as water is vital for the success of businesses, specifically in the agriculture sector which is South Africa’s biggest water user. “We have a threat to our [water] reserve. We are encroaching in places of overallocation into the environmental reserve,” said Le Roy. “We’ve got evaporation rates of up to 80% and the temperatures.” Have you read? The link between groundwater, management and climate change Digitising and digitalising water assets for real-time asset management In order to manage water assets, panellists discussed the importance of digitalising water management processes to avert disasters and stay up to date with the state of South Africa’s water affairs. One panellist, Adriaan Coetzee, Cape Town Office Manager at iX Engineers, said the traditional way of managing assets and data is not enough anymore. “We need to digitise and we need to collaborate with machines to enable us to manage these challenges,” Coetzee said. Leonardo Marnus from the City of Cape Town’s Water and Sanitation Department explained that digitisation in the water sector can be helpful in obtaining as much information as possible about South Africa’s water status. As such, digitisation can be used as a preventative measure to stay updated on maintenance needs before an issue arises. By painting the full picture of the status of water assets, governing bodies can begin to align their short-, medium- and long-term plans with realistic data. Using probes and censors, and eventually predictive analysis and maintenance, municipalities can then put a management system in place and keep their fingers on the pulse. However, it will require significant investment into the sector’s technologies and human capital. Support for water policy In trying to achieve Africa’s water security objectives, Fanus Fourie, a hydrogeologist at the Department of Water and Sanitation, highlighted the importance of implementation and action for water policy. Kavita Pema, Group Head: Sustainability and ESG at AECI Limited, questioned whether businesses have to correct levels of support and understanding from a policy perspective, noting that businesses can incur penalties that disincentivise efficient and recycled water use should the full bureaucratic process not be followed. “We cannot be held ransom for doing the right thing,” Pema commented, emphasising the importance of a holistic water management regime. As a result of regulatory issues, there is a lot of information that remains unknown in South Africa’s water sector, said Le Roy. However, Coetzee noted, through education, collaboration, communication and implementation, South Africa’s water systems can be protected from climate impacts and optimised for the future. ESI

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Brazil faces a significant challenge in combating dengue fever, with over 2 million cases registered and nine states declaring a state of emergency. High temperatures and intermittent rains create ideal conditions for the proliferation of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the transmitters of dengue fever, leading to severe consequences. In view of this scenario, the Latin American Chlor-Alkali and Derivatives Industry Association (Clorosur) is committed to share information to help combat the spread of dengue fever in Brazil. One of the measures adopted by the association is the recent update of the Study on the Efficiency of Sodium Hypochlorite in Controlling Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae, carried out in 2016 by Clorosur, in partnership with the Nuclear Energy Center in Agriculture of the University of the State of São Paulo (CENA/USP). With the update, we hope to provide even more comprehensive and up-to-date data on the effectiveness of chlorine in combating the Aedes aegypti mosquito, reinforcing the essential role of chlorine in promoting public health. According to the technical information in the research, the use of sodium hypochlorite is shown to be effective in treating stagnant water in containers such as plant dishes and drains, as well as in cleaning garbage cans, toilets, water tanks, sink drains, tanks, kitchens and bathrooms. These simple practices help eliminate potential mosquito breeding sites, contributing significantly to controlling the proliferation of dengue fever in the country. Clorosur reiterates its commitment to making more comprehensive results of the ongoing study available and sharing up-to-date information on the effectiveness of chlorine in protecting public health and controlling dengue fever in Brazil.

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Metadata is often described as “data about data,” but to fully grasp its significance, imagine it as a library catalog in a vast digital repository. In a traditional library, metadata includes details like book titles, authors, and publication dates, allowing visitors to locate books easily. In a business context, metadata encompasses various attributes that describe and categorize data assets, including information like file formats, source details, relationships, and usage statistics. So, what is metadata management? Much in the same way that librarians organize books by titles, authors, etc., metadata management organizes data in an efficient way to improve analysis, distribution, and democratization — ensuring that it can be efficiently used by stakeholders in an organization. This guide will help businesses learn how to manage metadata effectively to improve efficiency and gain valuable insights. How Does Metadata Management Work? Metadata management involves several steps that collectively enhance an organization’s ability to find, govern, and utilize its data assets effectively. The management process generally begins with capturing metadata through automated discovery tools or manual input. Once captured, metadata is cataloged, stored, and organized in a metadata management tool — often a centralized repository called a metadata catalog or a data catalog. The next step is classifying and standardizing metadata to ensure consistency across systems. This is crucial in organizations where multiple departments use different tools or databases. Metadata management tools provide automated features to enforce standard naming conventions, tags, and data classification rules. The final stage is applying metadata governance and security protocols, where businesses set up access controls, compliance checks, and quality assurance workflows. Modern data management tools allow administrators to define rules for data access, usage, and lifecycle, ensuring the data remains compliant and reliable. Types of Metadata Metadata can be categorized into four main types, each serving distinct purposes in a data management strategy: - Descriptive Metadata: This includes basic details that describe the content and characteristics of data, such as titles, author names, dates, and keywords. For example, the metadata of a customer record might include attributes like customer ID, name, and registration date. Descriptive metadata helps stakeholders quickly find and identify specific data assets. - Structural Metadata: Structural metadata defines the relationships and organization within datasets. It is like a blueprint that describes how data elements relate to each other. For instance, it outlines the relationships between tables in a database or the hierarchy of folders in a file system. - Administrative Metadata: This type encompasses technical details that aid in data management and access control. It includes data about file types, access permissions, data creation dates, and ownership information. Administrative metadata plays a key role in governing data and ensuring security. - Operational Metadata: This refers to information generated during data processing, such as data lineage, logs, and transformation details. It offers insights into how data flows through an organization and tracks its changes over time. These metadata types come from a variety of sources, including data ingestion tools, applications, user inputs, and automated processes. Together, they provide a holistic view of enterprise data, supporting critical activities such as data security privacy, governance, and regulatory compliance. Managing Active vs. Passive Metadata Active metadata involves dynamic, real-time information about data usage, processing, and changes. It is constantly updated to reflect the current state of the data. For example, active metadata tracks user activities, access patterns, and data flows within a system, which can help organizations identify inefficiencies or security risks. Passive metadata, on the other hand, consists of static information captured at a single point in time. This includes basic descriptions, relationships, and technical attributes that do not change dynamically. Passive metadata might describe the structure of a dataset or the author and creation date of a document, but it does not automatically track how the data is being used or modified. The distinction between active and passive metadata becomes significant when managing data across complex enterprise environments. Active metadata provides real-time insights into data usage and governance, while passive metadata forms the foundational information that helps users understand the structure and nature of data. Benefits of Enterprise-Level Metadata Management Effective metadata management at an enterprise level provides numerous advantages: Enhanced Data Quality By standardizing and organizing metadata, businesses can address inconsistencies and ensure that data is accurate and up to date. When asked, “How does metadata improve data quality?” the answer is simple: it provides a clear picture of data sources, transformations, and usage patterns, which helps identify and rectify data quality issues. Improved Data Discovery and Accessibility Metadata acts as a roadmap, guiding users to quickly find the data they need. Tools such as metadata catalogs index and categorize datasets, making it easier to search and navigate for specific information. Metadata management supports compliance efforts by tracking data lineage and ensuring that data handling practices align with regulatory standards. It enables organizations to audit their data flows and prove adherence to data compliance regulations like GDPR or HIPAA. With better-organized metadata, organizations gain more visibility into their data assets, empowering leaders to make data-driven decisions with confidence. Streamlined Data Integration Metadata management provides a standardized approach to managing data from various sources, ensuring seamless integration and data integration quality across the enterprise. Metadata Management Best Practices Managing metadata effectively requires a strategic approach. Here are some best practices for enterprise metadata management: - Establish Clear Governance Policies: Define roles, responsibilities, and ownership for metadata management. Having a well-defined data governance policy ensures that everyone in the organization understands their role in maintaining metadata quality and security. - Automate Metadata Discovery and Tagging: Leverage automated tools to discover, capture, and tag metadata from various sources. This minimizes manual errors and ensures metadata is updated in real-time. - Maintain a Centralized Metadata Catalog: A unified catalog consolidates all metadata in a single repository, simplifying access and ensuring consistency across the organization. - Implement Data Quality and Lineage Tracking: Regularly audit and monitor metadata to ensure that data remains accurate and that all changes are traceable. This helps maintain the integrity and reliability of metadata information. - Invest in Scalable Metadata Management Solutions: As data volumes grow, scalable tools and data management platforms help businesses handle increasing complexity without compromising performance. Metadata Management Software Metadata management tools are pivotal in organizing and maintaining metadata at an enterprise level. These tools offer automated capabilities to catalog, classify, and analyze metadata across diverse data sources, streamlining the entire process. They provide features such as data discovery, lineage tracking, quality checks, and visualization of relationships between datasets. For instance, Zeenea’s Data Platform stands out as a comprehensive solution for enterprise metadata management. As one of Actian’s software products, it allows businesses to catalog all their data assets and establish a single source of truth for their metadata. Zeenea provides robust capabilities for real-time metadata updates, automated tagging, and powerful search functionalities, helping organizations improve data accessibility and governance. Additionally, Zeenea’s scalable architecture enables enterprises to manage their growing metadata needs effectively, without losing control over data quality and compliance. What is Metadata Management’s Impact on Big Data? Metadata management is a crucial component of enterprise data strategies, ensuring that data remains organized, accessible, and reliable. By defining and managing metadata effectively, organizations can enhance data quality, improve discovery, streamline compliance, and drive better decision-making. To institute effective metadata management programs, organizations must keep the following points in mind: - Understanding the Role of Metadata: Metadata serves as the backbone of data organization, providing essential details about data assets. - Differentiating Active and Passive Metadata: Both active and passive metadata play complementary roles in improving data visibility and governance. - Implementing Best Practices: From governance policies to automated tools, successful metadata management requires strategic planning and execution. - Using Comprehensive Tools Like Zeenea’s Data Platform: Investing in scalable metadata management solutions is critical to support growth and maintain data quality. In an era where data is critical to business success, metadata management best practices and implementation are key. Metadata management is a crucial enabler that underpins data governance, compliance, and analytics efforts, driving organizations toward becoming more data-driven and agile. Subscribe to the Actian Blog Subscribe to Actian’s blog to get data insights delivered right to you. - Stay in the know – Get the latest in data analytics pushed directly to your inbox - Never miss a post – You’ll receive automatic email updates to let you know when new posts are live - It’s all up to you – Change your delivery preferences to suit your needs

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2024-12-06T19:43:44Z

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en

As US-based holding company African Agriculture Inc. (AAGR) has filed an initial public offering to fund a large-scale agribusiness project in the northern region of Saint-Louis in Senegal, local communities are demanding the company return their land stolen over a decade ago. In 2012, Senhuile obtained 20,000 hectares of land for 50 years for an agribusiness venture following the declassification of part of the Ndiaël Nature Reserve. In the years since, communities who have been living in Ndiaël for generations have opposed the project and advocated for the return of their legitimate land. The Oakland Institute and GRAIN(link is external) have extensively documented the impact of the project. “The 20,000-hectare concession has had a devastating impact on our people. It was granted against the will and without the consent of our communities, which have used this land for generations for wood, food, medicinal plants, and most crucially for pasture, given that we are agro-pastoralists whose livelihoods depend on livestock,” said Elhadji Samba Sow on behalf of the Collectif pour la Défense du Ndiaël, representing 37 villages and over 10,000 people. The Senhuile project additionally blocked passage along customary routes between villages and water sources while the irrigation canals caused the death of at least three children by drowning. *The views of the above article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Africa Speaks 4 Africa or its editorial team.

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https://www.africaspeaks4africa.net/local-communities-in-senegal-demand-the-return-of-their-land-acquired-by-us-firm/

2024-12-06T19:14:31Z

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en

Dental problems such as gingivitis can be very painful for cats. In this blog, our Los Angeles County vets talk about gingivitis in cats, including how you can recognize it and the ways it can be prevented and treated. Gingivitis in Cats Gingivitis is inflammation of the gum or gingiva, which surrounds the teeth. This disease could range from moderate to severe, and in serious situations, cats that have gingivitis can become very uncomfortable and have problems eating. To remedy the condition, a tooth cleaning under anesthesia would be required. Just like humans, plaque - a buildup of germs, debris, dead skin cells, mucus, and food - can accumulate on the teeth and contribute to this dental issue. Signs & Symptoms of Gingivitis in Cats Common signs of gingivitis in cats are: - Plaque build-up on the surface of the teeth - Bad breath - Difficulty picking up toys or food - Difficulty eating or not eating at all - Red or swollen gums, especially around the area of the inner cheek The Causes of Cat Gingivitis Common causes of gingivitis in cats include: - Bad Dental Care - Old age - Soft Food - Crowded teeth - FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus) - Autoimmune Diseases How Cats are Diagnosed with Gingivitis Because cats are talented at masking their pain, they might not display any clues of discomfort, even if their oral pain is severe. Your cat may continue being active and eating as normal but still have dental disease. It's essential to take your cat to the vet regularly for routine exams, to provide your vet with the chance to detect any signs of dental problems. Vets are often able to identify signs of conditions while observing an animal and checking for the symptoms listed above. Treating Gingivitis in Cats Gingivitis treatment focuses on eliminating accumulated plaque and dental calculus, as well as treating or extracting destabilized and/or diseased teeth. To address any inflammatory dental diseases, routine tooth cleanings and dental X-rays should be conducted under anesthesia. In order for cats with stomatitis to have a comfortable mouth, their teeth often have to be extracted by a veterinarian, if needed. How often you need to bring your cat to the vet for dental checkups will be determined by how serious your cat's periodontal disease is. If your adult cat has overcrowded teeth or if they have baby (deciduous) teeth, your vet might suggest a tooth extraction. Your veterinarian will teach you how to brush your cat's teeth, and you should schedule follow-up exams. How to Maintain Your Cat's Teeth You can purchase toothpaste and brushes specifically designed for cats at most pet supply stores, these can help prevent gingivitis. You should gradually and consistently introduce your kitty to the toothbrushing process so they can get used to it. Making your cat familiar with toothpaste and toothbrushes Leave snacks on the counter near the toothpaste and toothbrush so cats can associate something positive with them. You can also place a dab of toothpaste for them to lick off your finger so they get accustomed to it. Getting your cat used to you touching their mouth Choose a dental treat your cat enjoys and place it on their canine teeth. As they become accustomed to it, start placing it deeper and deeper into their mouth, on their teeth. This gets them used to you touching their mouth and makes it easier for you to introduce the toothpaste. Brushing Your Cat's Teeth Once your cat is familiar with you touching their mouth and the feeling of a toothbrush and toothpaste, you should have an easier time brushing their teeth. Brush along their gum line (only on the outside of their teeth) for approximately 15 to 30 seconds, and when you are done reward them with a treat.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.ahorb.com/site/blog/2022/03/15/gingivitis-cats

2024-12-06T20:34:21Z

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The corneal reflex test (blink test) examines the reflex pathway involving cranial nerves V and VII. Classically the provider lightly touches a wisp of cotton on the patient’s cornea. This foreign body sensation should cause the patient to reflexively blink. This maneuver always makes me a little worried about causing a corneal abrasion, especially if you are examining a very somnolent patient. You are wondering — Is there no blinking because you’re not touching the cornea hard enough? You apply harder pressure but still no blink. You repeat the test and now the patient finally blinks. That’s 3 times you’ve just scraped against the cornea. What’s an alternative approach? Trick of the Trade Apply drops of sterile saline on the eye. When a patient presents with a low GCS, you want to perform rapid neurologic exam. I’ve been seeing our neurologists do a quick simple test for corneal reflexes. Grab a pre-filled sterile saline syringe, typically used to flush IV’s, and squirt a few drops on the eye. Look for the patient to blink. This seems much safer and definitive of a test of the corneal reflex.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.aliem.com/trick-of-trade-corneal-reflex-test/

2024-12-06T19:44:09Z

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Using a combination of text types, including personal case study, the text outlines the beginning hours of the 2011 disaster in Japan, when a devastating earthquake hits. A massive tsunami is now on its way… Children explore some of the technical language presented in the text as well as to think more about the cause and effect of tsunamis. Children also discuss how the people of Japan initially reacted to the disaster, as well as to consider how the authors create a sense of drama in the text. - Part of the Bug Club reading series used in over 3500 schools - Helps your child develop reading fluency and confidence - Suitable for children age 10-11 (Year 6) Ikke tilgjengelig for Klikk&Hent På nettlager. Bestilles fra England. Leveres normalt innen 1-2 uker - Bytt i alle våre butikker - Klikk og hent

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.ark.no/produkt/boker/skoleboker/bug-club-pro-guided-year-6-a-tsunami-unfolds-9780435186579

2024-12-06T19:14:28Z

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Collins Arabic Big Cat is a guided reading series for ages 3 to 11. The series is structured with reference to the learning progression of Arabic at nursery and primary schools researched especially for Collins. This carefully graded approach allows children to build up their reading knowledge of Arabic step by step.Level 5 books are for children who are ready to read stories with more challenging word patterns or non-verbal sentences with 2 or 3 words, and with total support through illustrations and extensive use of repetition. Double spacing is used between words to ensure children see where each new word in a sentence begins and ends to ensure the focus remains on reading core words.One snail, two beetles, three worms, four spiders and five flies – the frog eats them all, with hilarious consequences. But who will be next on the menu? This humorous story is brilliantly illustrated by Sandra Aguilar.A story map on pages 14–15 allows children to recap the story and discuss each stage. Ikke tilgjengelig for Klikk&Hent På nettlager. Bestilles fra England. Leveres normalt innen 1-2 uker - Bytt i alle våre butikker - Klikk og hent

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https://www.ark.no/produkt/boker/skoleboker/hum-hum-9780008131760

2024-12-06T20:23:12Z

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AsianScientist (Apr. 11, 2017) – Researchers have sequenced the entire genome of the Crown-of-Thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci), a rapidly multiplying predator that has been blamed for the destruction of coral reefs. These findings, published in Nature, help to inform control strategies. Known in Okinawa as onihitode or “demon starfish,” Crown-of-Thorns starfish (COTS) can be found in colonies of up to several million individuals, devouring reefs completely and becoming a major ecological concern. To better understand COTS behavior, researchers from Australia and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) sequenced the COTS genome using two individual specimens: one from the Great Barrier Reef and the other from a reef in Motobu on the western coast of Okinawa. “Although the samples were taken from individuals found 5,000kms apart, on different sides of the equator, we confirmed they belong to the same species,” said study author Professor Noriyuki Satoh. However, a genome by itself is like a set of furniture without the instruction manual—you have all the pieces but you do not know what they do individually, how they fit with each other and in which order to assemble them. To identify the genes that could be used to control the COTS population, the researchers observed COTS behavior during spawning events in the hopes of identifying chemical signals that the starfish use to communicate with each other. To do this, researchers at the University of the Sunshine Coast and the Australian Institute of Marine Science built a Y-shaped aquatic maze, with a starfish starting at the end of the longest branch. In one experiment, they fed one of shorter branches with water collected from an aggregation of COTS. Because the starfish moved towards this branch of the maze as compared to control water samples, they concluded that those water samples must have contained molecules that induced the starfish to gather with other members of its species. The same water samples were then analyzed biochemically to identify these molecules, which were then mapped to the COTS genomic data. Because the scientists are now in possession of the full genome, they could confirm that these molecules originated from COTS. In total, the researchers identified 26 COTS-specific genes that could be involved in secreting 107 water-borne communication signals. Moreover, the genome includes 750 genes coding for proteins akin to the starfish version of smell receptors. These findings are the first step towards understanding how to disrupt communication on a large scale and prevent reef damage by defusing mass spawning events. “On the one hand, this report provides us with biocontrol targets that we can start testing on COTS today,” said OIST graduate student and study author Mr. Ken Baughman. “On the other, the high quality genomic data continues to provide fundamental insights for evolutionary developmental biology. Hopefully, this report will bring attention to both areas of research.” The article can be found at: Hall et al. (2017) The Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Genome as a Guide for Biocontrol of this Coral Reef Pest. Disclaimer: This article does not necessarily reflect the views of AsianScientist or its staff.

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https://www.asianscientist.com/2017/04/in-the-lab/starfish-predator-genome-coral-reef/

2024-12-06T21:10:17Z

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Beginning of pregnancy Pregnancy begins at conception, which is also the starting point of gestational age. However, the organism does not become an embryo until about two weeks later, and pregnancy does not affect the woman (and cannot be confirmed by blood or urine testing) u Length of pregnancy Full-term pregnancies last 266 days, or 38 weeks, or 9 months. Instead of germinal period, embryonic period, and fetal period, some writers divide pregnancy into three-month periods called trimesters. Although doctors assign a specific due date (based on the woman's LMP), only 5% of babies are born on that exact date. The process beginning about 10 days after conception, in which the developing organism nestles in, and attaches to the placenta that lines the uterus. As nerves and muscles form links to the brain, the embryo now moves spontaneously, as the brain begins to move muscles. Eyes and eyelids are developed. Eyes will continue to migrate to the front of the head, where they will eventually rest. Eyelids begin to grow together and are only half closed. External, middle, and inner ears are now fully formed. External ears will con Arms, hands, and fingers Arms are well formed, longer, and can bend at elbows and move forward. Fingers elongate and digits are fully separated. Each finger has three digits, and the thumb has two digits. External sex organs Urogenital membranes have developed into either male or female organs, and ovaries or testicles are visible. Clitoris or penis begins to form, but distinguishing the embryo's sex is difficult. The intestines begin to move from the umbilical cord to the embryo's body cavity. The head is still disproportionately large but is erect and appears rounded. The neck is well defined. The tail will disappear by the end of this week. Cartilage begins to turn into bone. The ectoderm layer is replaced by the beginnings of skin. The body A developing human organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth. At least 60 percent of all developing organisms fail to grow or implant properly and thus do not survive the germinal period. Most of these organisms are grossly abnormal. About 20 percent of all embryos are aborted spontaneously*, most often because of chromosomal abnormalities. About 5 percent of all fetuses are aborted spontaneously before viability at 22 weeks or are stillborn, defined as born dead after 22 weeks. About 31 percent of all zygotes grow and survive to become living newborn babies. A quick assessment of a newborn's health, given twice (at one minute and five minutes after birth). Low Birth Weight (LBW) A body weight at birth of less than 5 � pounds (2,500 grams). Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) A body weight at birth of less than 3 pounds, 5 ounces (1,500 grams). Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) A body weight at birth of less than 2 pounds, 3 ounces; (1,000 grams). Why is birth weight important? Lagging physical and cognitive development confronts babies born early (or preterm, once called premature), and a preterm baby also is probably low birth weight. An unlearned, involuntary action or movement in response to a stimulus. What are some newborn reflex experiences? Breathing, sucking, stepping, and moro Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by fathers.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.assignguru.com/mcqs/162/69342693/

2024-12-06T19:41:10Z

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MACULAR DEGENERATION AND LOW VISION DEFINED Imagine the area around the center of your vision becoming fuzzy and then that fuzziness continues to worsen until you are unable to see clearly. You no longer can function independently and are unable to perform the tasks of daily living such as reading prescription labels, driving or preparing food. That is what happens to people who have Macular degeneration. You may ask what Macular Degeneration is, how can it be cured, or how can I help prevent it? What is Macular Degeneration? Macular degeneration is the irreversible destruction of the central area of the retina, known as the macula. It can cause a patient to lose sharpness in vision making it difficult to see fine details. As the disease progresses it can become increasingly difficult for a person to be able to read drive or even recognize faces. Macular Degeneration is most common in people over the age of 60 and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in the world. There are two forms of this disease, dry and wet macular degeneration. While dry macular degeneration accounts for 90% of diagnoses, wet macular degeneration accounts for 90% of legal blindness. The wet form is considered advanced macular degeneration and is always preceded by the dry form. There are several tests that can be performed by eye care professional that specialize in low vision. A dilated eye exam, including a visual acuity test, are tests that an eye specialist will perform to diagnose dry macular degeneration. If wet macular degeneration is suspected they may also perform fluorescein angiography, where the eye specialist uses a dye to detect blood vessels that are leaking. It is important to be seen and tested regularly by an eye care specialist. Currently there is no cure for dry macular degeneration. If a patient is in the intermediate stage of macular degeneration, a high dosage formula of zinc and antioxidant vitamins may be used to help delay and or possibly prevent the disease from progressing to the advanced stage. Research into treatment for this disease is hopeful to help find a means of prevention and reversal, but have not been able to find one as of yet! While there is no 100% sure way of preventing this disease, there are measures that you can take to help reduce the risk of developing it. The first course of action is to schedule regular eye exams to help in the early detection of macular degeneration and other diseases such as glaucoma. Studies show that individuals who exercise, eat leafy green foods eating a balanced diet and who maintain a healthy blood pressure reduce their risk of developing macular degeneration; while smoking can greatly increase your risk of developing this disease. As a member of the International Academy of Low Vision Specialists (IALVS), Dr. Bissell has undergone extensive training to treat patients with low vision. You have one set of eyes, make it a priority to take care of them. Call our office today to schedule your exam. About the author: John D. Bissell, owner of Bissell Eye Care and Tri-State Low Vision Services, offers comprehensive eye examinations for the entire family, ocular disease detection and treatment, eye glasses, sun glasses, active wear, contact lenses, and low vision examinations for those with significant vision loss. He has undergone specialized training for treatment of low vision by the International Academy of Low Vision Specialists utilizing customized telescopic eyeglasses, prisms and telescopic implants for patients who qualify. The practice accepts most types of vision and health insurance plans.

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https://www.bisselleyecare.com/macular-degeneration-low-vision-defined/

2024-12-06T20:53:29Z

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