texts
sequence | meta
dict | scores
sequence | avg_score
float64 0
1
| num_sents
int64 1
20.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
" ___________\n\n No. ",
"96-1959\n ___________\n\nRonald Herrley *\n *\n Appellant, *\n * Appeal from the United States\n v. * District Court for the\n * District of Minnesota\nShirley S. Chater, *\nCommissioner of * [UNPUBLISHED]\nSocial Security Administration, *\n *\n Appellee. ",
" *\n\n ___________\n\n Submitted: November 22, 1996\n\n Filed: March 4, 1997\n ___________\n\nBefore BEAM and LOKEN, Circuit Judges, and MOODY, District Judge.1\n ___________\n\nMOODY, United States District Judge.",
"\n\n\n Ronald Herrley appeals the district court’s2 judgment\naffirming the decision of the Social Security Administration (SSA)\nto reduce, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 424a(b), Herrley’s social\nsecurity disability benefits in order to offset an award of\npermanent partial disability made to him pursuant to Minnesota’s\nworkers’ compensation law.",
"\n\n\n As a result of an accident in 1985, Ronald Herrley received\nweekly periodic workers’ compensation benefits from the state of\nMinnesota, and social security disability benefits from the SSA.",
"\n\n\n\n\n 1\n The Honorable James M. Moody, United States District Judge for\nthe Eastern District of Arkansas, sitting by designation.",
"\n 2\n The Honorable Michael J. Davis, United States District Judge\nfor the District of Minnesota.",
"\n\fIn addition, Herrley received a lump sum payment of $274,876.00 for\npermanent partial disability pursuant to Minnesota workers’\ncompensation law. ",
"See Minn. Stat. § ",
"176.101, subd.3b (1993),\n(amended 1995).",
"\n\n\n The Social Security Act places a ceiling on an individual’s\ncombined social security benefits and state workers’ compensation\nbenefits if the workers’ compensation benefits are periodic. ",
" See\n42 U.S.C. § 424a (1996). ",
" Minnesota has a similar law, and will\nreduce, after an individual has received $25,000.00 in weekly\nworkers’ compensation benefits, such workers’ compensation benefits\nto offset any social security benefits. ",
"See Minn. Stat. § ",
"176.101,\nsubd.4 (1993 & Supp.1997) (reverse offset).",
"\n\n\n In order to prevent an individual from being subjected to\noffsets from both the state and federal agencies, the Social\nSecurity Act provides that an individual’s workers’ compensation\nbenefits are saved from offset by the SSA if the state is executing\na “reverse offset.” ",
" See 42 U.S.C. § 424a(d) (exception to offset\nif state law or plan calls for reduction of state workers’\ncompensation benefits when individual is entitled to social\nsecurity disability benefits). ",
" In Herrley’s case, the SSA\ndetermined that the lump sum payment of $274,816.00 is subject to\nthe offset as it represents a commutation of periodic payments.",
"\nThe SSA also determined that while a lump sum payment for permanent\ntotal disability is subject to a “reverse offset”, a lump sum\npayment for permanent partial disability is not subject to a\n“reverse offset” under Minnesota law which in Herrley’s case\nnegates the saving provision of 42 U.S.C. § 424a(d).",
"\n\n\n Herrley appeals this determination arguing that the lump sum\npayment is not a periodic payment because it was a scheduled\n\n\n 2\n\fpayment for a permanent impairment, and that the saving provisions\nof § 424a(d) is applicable as this lump sum payment is subjected to\na “reverse offset” by the state of Minnesota.",
"\n\n\n It is true that 42 U.S.C. § 424a(a) provides that when a\nworker receives a lump sum workers’ compensation award, there will\nbe no offset by Social Security. ",
" Herrley’s claim is that his award\nwas a lump sum intended to compensate him for a functional loss of\nhis body and not for any lost periodic economic opportunities.",
"\n\n\n Federal law is controlling on whether there is a distinction\nbetween functional loss and economic opportunity loss. ",
" See\nMunsinger v. Schweiker, 709 F.2d 1212, 1217 (8th Cir. ",
"1983).",
"\nHerrley’s argument that there is such a distinction must fail. ",
" The\napplicable statute makes no such distinction between loss of\nfunction benefits and loss of income benefits. ",
" See 42 U.S.C. §\n424(a); Hodge v. Shalala, 27 F.3d 430 (9th Cir. ",
"1994); Davidson v.\nSullivan, 942 F.2d 90, 92-96 (1st Cir. ",
"1991); Grant v. Weinberger,\n482 F.2d 1290, 1292 (6th Cir. ",
"1973).",
"\n\n\n Plaintiff also argues that the $274,816.00 is a lump sum\npayment because it is not a commutation of a weekly benefit. ",
" The\nMinnesota statute provides that impairment compensation may be paid\non a periodic basis. ",
" See Minn. Stat. § ",
"176.021, subd.3. ",
" The\nMinnesota legislature defines “non-periodic” workers’ compensation\nbenefits as medical and burial costs. ",
"Id. The permanent partial\ndisability payments at issue in this case fall outside the\ndefinition of non-periodic payments and are subject to the offset\nmandated by 42 U.S.C. § 424(a). ",
" These payments are a commutation\nof the weekly permanent partial disability to which Herrley was\nentitled. ",
" See Minn. Stat. § ",
"176.101.",
"\n\n\n\n 3\n\f4\n\f Finally, regardless of whether Minnesota has offset Herrley’s\npermanent partial disability as if it were permanent total\ndisability pursuant to the “reverse offset” provisions of Minnesota\nstatute § 176.101, subd.4, the SSA actions are governed by 42\nU.S.C. § 424(a), which requires an offset.",
"\n\n\n We have carefully considered Herrley’s arguments and have\nthoroughly reviewed the parties’ briefs and submissions. ",
" Upon such\nexamination, we are convinced the district court’s ruling was\ncorrect. ",
" Herrley’s permanent partial disability benefits are\nencompassed in the benefits which are subject to offset under 42\nU.S.C. § 424(a). ",
" Accordingly, we affirm.",
"\n\n\n A true copy.",
"\n\n\n Attest:\n\n\n CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT\n\n\n\n\n 5\n\f"
] | {
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0.0008149356581270695,
0.0007776905549690127,
0.0009202610235661268,
0.0006511497194878757,
0.0006247658748179674,
0.0007116822525858879,
0.000888804963324219,
0.0007315438124351203,
0.000643765670247376,
0.0008227818179875612,
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0.0007415938307531178,
0.0007315438124351203,
0.0006321456166915596,
0.0007065718527883291,
0.0007090467261150479,
0.0006675685872323811,
0.0009826107416301966,
0.0008822770905680954,
0.0007531587034463882,
0.0008335010497830808,
0.0006776244845241308,
0.0007962100207805634,
0.0007721050642430782,
0.001292090630158782,
0.000751011713873595,
0.0007372978725470603,
0.0008321761852130294,
0.0008174575050361454,
0.0007394488784484565,
0.000926047214306891,
0.0006252808962017298,
0.0007315438124351203,
0.0009068015497177839,
0.0007150044548325241,
0.0007220390834845603,
0.0015763893024995923,
0.0007315438124351203,
0.0013297125697135925,
0.0008763966034166515,
0.000533673504833132,
0.0005589970387518406,
0.0009373535285703838,
0.0005820362130180001,
0.0008073566714301705,
0.0006781529518775642
] | 0.000824 | 47 |
[
"George and Irene Hotel\n\nNo Rating\n\nProperty Information:\n\nThe George and Irene Hotel comprises of 12 spacious and sunlit units that offer comfortable and relaxed accommodation. ",
"All units have private bathroom, refrigerator, telephone, music and air conditioning as well as a veranda with amazing sea views. ",
"Baby cots are also available.",
"\n\nThe complex also has a restaurant, bar, cafeteria, television room and a roof garden.",
"\n\nAll Ios' main beaches are only a short walk away and if you want to be more adventurous you can hop on a boat and cruise around to the famous Manganri Beach.",
"\n\nThe hotel is renowned for its friendly atmosphere and many pre-party nights in the village start on the balcony of George & Irenes (they often finish there too in the small hours too!)",
"\n\nBarbeques and Greek nights are a speciality and it is a great place to hang out. ",
"Whether you come alone or with friends you are guaranteed to leave having made many more.",
"\n\nPolicies\n\nChild Friendly\n\nNo Curfew\n\nPet Friendly\n\nTaxes Included\n\nCancellation Policy\n\nThis property has a 1 day cancellation policy.",
"\nFailure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay, unless otherwise stated below (see 'Things to Note' information)."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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0.000572775024920702,
0.0006396594690158963,
0.0009163128561340272,
0.0007205815054476261,
0.0009567008819431067,
0.0005598606076091528,
0.0011278049787506461,
0.0009683517273515463,
0.002021306660026312,
0.0007132251630537212
] | 0.00092 | 10 |
[
"Q:\n\nCan't find existing element with Selenium when searching for n-th hit\n\nI have mutliple Elements in my DOM tree with the following structure:\n<span test-id=\"list\" id=\"rLGMqz\">bla</span>\n\nBecause the id is generated by the framework i define some test-ids i search for in selenium. ",
"The xpath-code to find those elements is as follows: \n//*[@test-id='list']\n\nThis works but selenium.getText(path) only returns the content of the very first span element. ",
"I now want to try something like this:\n(//*[@test-id='list'])[2]\n\nto find the second element but selenium throws an exception (Element not found). ",
"Even if i just put the original searchterm in parantheses (like this: (//*[@test-id='list']) ) the exception is thrown. ",
"I evaluated the expression with the firebug $x() method and everything seems to work there, but as soon as I try the same expression in java with selenium, it crashes.",
"\n\nA:\n\nOk, I finally found a working solution.",
"\nSelenium expects a \"/\" at the beginning of your xpath expression. ",
"If there is no such thing (as in my case there is a '(' ) you have to prefix the xpath with'\"xpath='. ",
"\nIn my case thats:\nselenium.getText(\"xpath=(//*[@test-id='list'])[2]\")\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
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0.0006702326354570687,
0.0006572122219949961,
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0.0026097961235791445,
0.0006592589197680354,
0.0008560609421692789,
0.0007217704551294446,
0.0006612110882997513
] | 0.000938 | 9 |
[
"Team buses have been the primary mode of transportation for the school's athletic teams for decades. ",
"More recently, with the success of Bruin sports teams on a national level, flying has become more commonplace for athletes."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} | [
0.000613433017861098,
0.0006235205219127238
] | 0.000618 | 2 |
[
"?",
"\nFalse\nLet f(w) = -67058*w**3 - 5*w**2 - 14*w - 10. ",
"Is f(-1) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet h = -64 - -64. ",
"Is h + (-2512)/(-6) - (-2)/6 composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet t(n) = n**3 + 4*n**2 + 3*n. ",
"Let c be (-3)/(-1 + 2) - -1. ",
"Let x be t(c). ",
"Suppose 2*o = -x*o + 1916. ",
"Is o a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -4*k - 32648 = -4*q, 0 = 6*q - 8*q - 2*k + 16304. ",
"Is q a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nLet x(i) = -i**3 - 267. ",
"Let z be x(0). ",
"Let y = 539 + -991. ",
"Let k = z - y. Is k a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet h(p) = p**3 + 26*p**2 + 20*p + 50. ",
"Let j be (28/(-84))/(1/69). ",
"Is h(j) prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -2*u + 47667 + 124100 = 3*k, 3*u - 286277 = -5*k. ",
"Is k a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -438 = -0*i + 3*i. ",
"Let u = -19 - i. Is u a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet s(v) = -48*v + 3. ",
"Let h(n) = 24*n - 1. ",
"Let w = 5 - 7. ",
"Let f(o) = w*s(o) - 5*h(o). ",
"Is f(-9) a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 6*a - 16*a = -22370. ",
"Is a composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet y be (-4341)/(-12) + (-2)/(-8). ",
"Suppose 4*i + 9 = -l + i, 0 = -3*l + 3*i + 33. ",
"Suppose -l = 4*x - y. Is x a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nIs (0 - -2) + (-2)/((-18)/9639) a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nLet g(f) be the first derivative of -95*f**4/2 + f**3/3 - f**2/2 - f + 5. ",
"Is g(-1) prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet g(c) = -c**3 - 14*c**2 + c + 19. ",
"Let p be g(-14). ",
"Suppose -p*r + 2*x + 4532 = -3037, -5*x = -2*r + 3036. ",
"Is r composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet w be 14/6*435393/21. ",
"Suppose 12*t - 70003 = w. Is t prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet s be (-6086)/51 + 2/(-3). ",
"Let g = 359 + s. Is g a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet d(t) = t - 10. ",
"Let x be d(11). ",
"Is 2048 - (x - 10)/(-3) a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -4*h = -5*h - 217. ",
"Let q = h + 490. ",
"Suppose q - 942 = -3*z. ",
"Is z a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -378*f = -408*f + 336390. ",
"Is f composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet n = 38448 - 20329. ",
"Is n prime?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 4*q - 2*w - 2 = 2*q, -3*q + 7 = w. Is 2/4 + -1881*(-1)/q composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 7*n - 11359 = 9179. ",
"Suppose -n = -5*r + 11761. ",
"Is r a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 5*d = 2*l + 2, 7*l - 9*l - 2 = 0. ",
"Suppose -3*a - 7025 = -2*b, d = -4*b - 9*a + 12*a + 14035. ",
"Is b a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -6*i + 133 = 1. ",
"Let h = i + 531. ",
"Is h a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 4*w = -3*s + 48, 3 + 1 = -s. ",
"Let h = 12 - w. Is (1/h)/((-5)/2325) prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet u be 408 + 3 + 4*(-3)/(-3). ",
"Suppose v - 2*o + u - 2330 = 0, 0 = v + o - 1903. ",
"Is v composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet d be -3 + (7 - 5/(-5)). ",
"Suppose -d*m - 1693 + 6023 = 5*v, -1735 = -2*m - 3*v. ",
"Is m a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet w = 26 - 17. ",
"Suppose 4*l + w = 5. ",
"Let r(z) = -223*z. ",
"Is r(l) prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet n be ((-12)/(-30))/((-3)/(-45)). ",
"Let y be (0*3/n)/1. ",
"Suppose y*q = 2*q - 358. ",
"Is q prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet t be (2/(-4))/(1/(-6)). ",
"Is (-10 + t)*-7 + 2 prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose o - 2 = 1. ",
"Suppose 0 = -3*y + 4*v + 538, -3*v - 107 - 433 = -o*y. ",
"Suppose 2*g + y = 9*g. ",
"Is g prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet f(n) = -n**3 + n**2 - n + 43. ",
"Is f(-22) a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet s(l) = l**3 + 2*l**2 + 16*l + 10. ",
"Let v(u) = -16*u**3 + u**2 + 2*u + 1. ",
"Let y be v(-1). ",
"Suppose y = 3*n - 5. ",
"Is s(n) a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -12*d - d = 27001. ",
"Let a = d + 2915. ",
"Is a composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet d = -2 + -4. ",
"Let r(o) = -o**3 + 4*o**2 + 10*o - 7. ",
"Is r(d) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet g(r) = r**2 + 8*r + 5. ",
"Let w be g(-8). ",
"Suppose -w*p = -v + 191, v - 151 - 48 = 3*p. ",
"Is v a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet b(i) = 3*i**2 - 51 + 21 + 25 + 3*i. ",
"Is b(3) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 9 = 2*p - 4*z + 5*z, 5*p = 4*z + 16. ",
"Suppose 5*y - 3*l = -6*l + 1420, 0 = p*l. ",
"Is y + (-1)/2*-6 a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet i = -428 - -47. ",
"Let s = 698 + i. Is s prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet s = -73 - -75. ",
"Suppose w + 4*w - g - 2790 = 0, -s*w + 2*g + 1124 = 0. ",
"Is w composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet k = 29358 + 8903. ",
"Is k prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet x(m) = -m**3 - 10*m**2 - 9*m + 10. ",
"Let t be x(-9). ",
"Let k(i) = -2*i**2 + 2*i + 19. ",
"Let s be k(t). ",
"Is (5 - 4)*-2 - s prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet u(r) = r**3 + 14*r**2 + 9*r - 19. ",
"Is u(-10) a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = n + n - 4. ",
"Suppose -522 = -n*q - 148. ",
"Suppose -108 - q = -5*h. ",
"Is h prime?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 5*q + 2*z + 5480 = 9*q, -5*z = -4*q + 5486. ",
"Is q a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet z = 76 - -1001. ",
"Is z a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet k(b) = -b**3 + b**2 - 2*b + 19350. ",
"Let q be k(0). ",
"Suppose 5*s - 22159 - 2006 = -2*w, 2*w = 4*s - q. Is s composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet y be 3 - (-2 + 3 - 7). ",
"Suppose 0*n - 5*d - 10 = -3*n, 2*n - y = d. Suppose -4*o + 4696 = -b + 500, 0 = -4*o + n*b + 4196. ",
"Is o prime?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 55*s = 63*s - 351112. ",
"Is s composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -6*k = -5*k - 3. ",
"Suppose k = 2*l - 3. ",
"Suppose -l*i = 2*i - 3*h - 307, 5*h + 315 = 5*i. ",
"Is i a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -m - f = 6, 3*f - 2 = -2*m - 18. ",
"Let z be (4 - 5)/(m/8). ",
"Suppose 0 = -5*c - u + 90, z*u + 53 = -5*c + 128. ",
"Is c a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -12 = k - 5*k. ",
"Let g = 1 + k. Is g prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet p = -43 + 43. ",
"Is p - ((-1)/(-1) + -260 + 2) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet k(u) = 380*u**2 + 27*u + 35. ",
"Is k(-6) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = 23*k - 30*k + 21343. ",
"Is k prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet h(a) = a - 1. ",
"Let m(t) = -7*t + 9. ",
"Let z(d) = -6*h(d) - m(d). ",
"Let v be z(8). ",
"Is (-4070)/v*2/(-4) a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose r = 0, -u + 2 + 0 = r. Suppose 2*a - c - 7 = -u*c, 5*a - c = 28. ",
"Suppose i = 4*v - i - 82, 0 = a*v + 3*i - 108. ",
"Is v composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose k = -c + 167, 0 = -4*c - 2*k + 409 + 253. ",
"Let v = c + -85. ",
"Is v prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet r(d) = 98*d**2 + 2*d - 1. ",
"Let q(k) = k**2 - 4*k + 3. ",
"Let t be q(3). ",
"Let g be (-2)/((1 - t)*-1). ",
"Is r(g) composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 2*z = -t + 7*z + 5, t - 3*z - 5 = 0. ",
"Suppose 0*u = t*u + 4*o - 15739, -o - 9457 = -3*u. ",
"Is u composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 4*p - c = 37, -3*p = -c - 5 - 24. ",
"Suppose 0 = -p*j + 10*j - 254. ",
"Is j composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet a(z) be the third derivative of -z**5/60 - 3*z**4/4 - 7*z**3/2 - 50*z**2. ",
"Is a(-16) composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet z = -5400 - -8651. ",
"Is z prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet h(q) = q**2 + 4*q + 1. ",
"Let w be h(0). ",
"Is ((-1 - w) + -1)/((-18)/2874) prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet q = -2200 + 12779. ",
"Is q a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = 9*l + 3*l - 240. ",
"Is 2*1693*1*10/l a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -4*t + j - 1724 = 0, 3*t + 621 + 667 = 2*j. ",
"Let m = -61 - t. Is m a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -5*a + 11 = -2*i, 4 = -2*a - 3*i - 3. ",
"Suppose -15 = 2*v - 5, 4*v + 30 = 5*j. ",
"Is ((-354)/(-12))/(a/j) composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 2*u + 11*d - 3100 = 9*d, 3*u - 4671 = 4*d. ",
"Is u a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet o be -3*(8/(-3) - -1). ",
"Suppose 0*x - 17 = -x - 4*y, o*x - 28 = -y. ",
"Suppose x*p - 2*d + 7*d - 1460 = 0, 3*d - 1462 = -5*p. ",
"Is p a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet c = -45 - -77. ",
"Suppose -30*h + c*h - 3514 = 0. ",
"Is h composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet u be 0 - 6/(-2) - (-3)/1. ",
"Suppose 5*a + u*p - 860 = 3*p, p + 502 = 3*a. ",
"Is a a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 2*k - q = 5*k - 11, 19 = 2*k + 3*q. ",
"Let o be (-97)/((0 - -1)/k). ",
"Let h = o - -913. ",
"Is h a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet v = -40 + 40. ",
"Suppose 5*f - 3409 = -5*q + 5371, v = 2*f + 5*q - 3503. ",
"Is f prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet y(m) = -52*m + 12. ",
"Let v be y(-9). ",
"Let p = v - 9. ",
"Suppose 0 = 4*w - w - p. Is w a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nIs (-787)/(-5 - -7 - 94/46) a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nLet w be (-3524)/(-6) + (-1)/3. ",
"Suppose -5 + 6 = a. Suppose -w = -5*d + 4*h, d - 126 - a = -4*h. ",
"Is d a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet y = 33 + -38. ",
"Let k(b) = -127*b - 4. ",
"Is k(y) a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet i(k) be the third derivative of 37*k**5/60 - k**4/8 - 17*k**3/6 + 24*k**2. ",
"Is i(-4) composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet o = -21 + 26. ",
"Let k = o + -13. ",
"Let u(x) = x**3 + 11*x**2 + 5*x - 9. ",
"Is u(k) composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -3*b - 2*t = 695, -3*b - t - 2*t - 699 = 0. ",
"Let z = b - -1118. ",
"Is z prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet b(p) = 5*p**2 - 8*p + 5. ",
"Let q be b(4). ",
"Let x = -616 + 880. ",
"Let a = x - q. Is a a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nIs (-7088)/(-10) - ((-54)/(-30) + -2) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet w(s) = -s**2 - 7*s - 6. ",
"Suppose 5*f + 39 = 14. ",
"Let z be w(f). ",
"Suppose -296 = -z*x + 80. ",
"Is x composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 88*t - 1914622 = 26*t. ",
"Is t a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet y(q) = 102*q**2 + 8*q + 4. ",
"Let d be (1 - -2) + 2*-3. ",
"Let i be y(d). ",
"Suppose 0 = 4*t - 3*o - 713, 0 = -5*t - 2*o - o + i. Is t composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet f(j) = 17*j**2 + 31*j - 86. ",
"Let p(m) = 8*m**2 + 16*m - 43. ",
"Let z(y) = -2*f(y) + 5*p(y). ",
"Is z(-15) a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet t = -8 + 11. ",
"Suppose 9*i - t*i = 0. ",
"Suppose 6*w - 8*w + 66 = i. Is w a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = -w - 0*w + 5499. ",
"Let q be w/65 + 2/5. ",
"Suppose 71 = 4*f - q. Is f a composite nu"
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[
"Keeping a Backyard Horse\n\nAuthor Markie Madden\n\nDescription\n\nHay is for horses! ",
"Everyone knows that, but do you know how much hay they need? ",
"Or how much water? ",
"Did you know your horse can talk to you with his ears? ",
"Or that he can sleep standing up?",
"\n\nFollow along with Athena the horse as she explains the basics of keeping a horse in your backyard. ",
"She’ll teach you the basic necessities of caring for your equine friend, from what kind of fencing you can use, to tips and tricks for keeping water thawed in winter weather, and even fun stuff you can do with your horse. ",
"Keeping a backyard horse can be fairly simple, and even if you have a tight budget, it can be done!"
] | {
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[
"A television host in Egypt was sentenced to one year of “hard labor” behind bars after interviewing a gay man on a privately owned TV network.",
"\n\nMohammed el-Gheiti was fined 3,000 Egyptian pounds ($167) for “promoting debauchery and homosexuality” on his LTC TV show “Wake Up” in an August 2018 episode, according to Egypt’s state-run news agency Al-Ahram.",
"\n\nGheiti was also accused of “contempt of religion,” Al-Ahram reports.",
"\n\nIn addition to the jail sentence and fine, Gheiti is to remain under surveillance for 12 months after serving his prison term.",
"\n\nGheiti has the legal right to appeal the ruling and will remain free pending the final verdict, according to The Telegraph. ",
"The sentence can be suspended pending an appeal if Gheiti pays 1,000 Egyptian pounds ($56) in bail, prosecuting lawyer Samir Sabry said, according to the BBC.",
"\n\nIt is not known if Gheiti will appeal the sentence.",
"\n\nSabry’s legal team argued that the show discussed the financial gains and other benefits of engaging in homosexuality, Al-Ahram reports.",
"\n\nGheiti had spoken out against homosexuality on multiple occasions prior to the lawsuit, according to CNN.",
"\n\nThe August 2018 interview featured a journalist named Mustafa Mekki, who said he posed as a gay man on the gay dating app Grindr with the goal of learning more about the Egyptian gay community, according to CNN.",
"\n\nDuring the interview, Mekki told Gheiti : “Many of the men I met through the application are unhappy with what they’ve involved themselves in and want to change their situation.”",
"\n\nThe anonymous guest on “Wake Up” was one of the men Mekki met on the app, who talked on the show about his life as a sex worker.",
"\n\nThe guest’s face was blurred out during the interview to conceal his identity.",
"\n\nThe man said he was motivated to share his experience as a way to warn other young Egyptians to not repeat his mistakes, ABC News reports.",
"\n\nImmediately after the show’s airing, Egypt’s top media body, the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, took the channel off the air for two weeks, claiming LTC TV had committed “professional violations,” according to Al-Ahram.",
"\n\nSabry has filed over 2,700 criminal complaints against celebrities and media personalities to influence Egyptian politics and enforce public morality, according to a June 2018 profile on him in The New York Times.",
"\n\n“Egyptian art is in its worst state ever at the moment,” Sabry told the Times, “They are relying on nudity, swear words, drugs and thuggery, and are showing our Egyptian women as whores. ",
"We have to stop them,” adding, “People fear me.”",
"\n\nIn 2017, Egypt’s media council banned homosexuals from appearing on any media outlet, according to the BBC.",
"\n\nHomosexuality is not technically illegal in the country, however LGBT individuals are regularly subjected to arrest on charges of debauchery, immorality, prostitution and pornography."
] | {
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[
"/*\n** Splint - annotation-assisted static program checker\n** Copyright (C) 1994-2003 University of Virginia,\n** Massachusetts Institute of Technology\n**\n** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it\n** under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the\n** Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your\n** option) any later version.",
"\n** \n** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but\n** WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the GNU\n** General Public License for more details.",
"\n** \n** The GNU General Public License is available from http://www.gnu.org/ or\n** the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,\n** MA 02111-1307, USA.",
"\n**\n** For information on splint: [email protected]\n** To report a bug: [email protected]\n** For more information: http://www.splint.org\n*/\n/*\n** cstring.c\n*/\n\n/*\n * Herbert 06/12/2000\n * - use drive spec specials with OS2 like with WIN32\n * - cstring_replaceAll () needed in cpplib.c\n */\n\n# include \"splintMacros.nf\"\n# include \"basic.h\"\n# include \"osd.h\"\n\n/*@only@*/ /*@notnull@*/ \ncstring cstring_newEmpty (void)\n{\n return (cstring_create (0));\n}\n\nchar cstring_firstChar (cstring s) \n{\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n llassert (cstring_length (s) > 0);\n\n return (s[0]);\n}\n\nchar cstring_getChar (cstring s, size_t n) \n{\n size_t length = cstring_length (s);\n\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n llassert (n >= 1 && n <= length);\n\n return (s[n - 1]);\n}\n\ncstring cstring_suffix (cstring s, size_t n) \n{\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n llassert (n <= cstring_length (s));\n\n return (s + n);\n}\n\ncstring cstring_prefix (cstring s, size_t n) \n /*@requires maxRead(s) >= n /\\ maxSet(s) >= n @*/\n /*@ensures maxRead(result) == n /\\ maxSet(result) == n @*/\n{\n cstring t;\n char c;\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n llassert (n <= cstring_length (s));\n\n c = *(s + n);\n /*@-mods@*/ /* The modifications cancel out. */",
"\n *(s + n) = '\\0';\n t = cstring_copy (s);\n *(s + n) = c;\n /*@=mods@*/\n\n return t;\n}\n\n/* effects If s = [0-9]*, returns s as an int.",
"\n** else returns -1.",
"\n*/\n\nint cstring_toPosInt (cstring s)\n{\n int val = 0;\n\n cstring_chars (s, c)\n {\n if (isdigit ((unsigned char) c))\n\t{\n\t val = (val * 10) + (int)(c - '0');\n\t}\n else\n\t{\n\t return -1;\n\t}\n } end_cstring_chars ; \n\n return val;\n}\n\ncstring cstring_afterChar (cstring s, char c) \n{\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n return strchr (s, c);\n}\n\ncstring cstring_beforeChar (cstring s, char c)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n char *cp = strchr (s, c);\n\n if (cp !",
"= NULL)\n\t{\n\t cstring ret;\n\n\t /*@-mods@*/\n\t *cp = '\\0';\n\t ret = cstring_copy (s);\n\t *cp = c;\n\t /*@=mods@*/ /* modification is undone */\n\t \n\t return ret;\n\t}\n }\n\n return cstring_undefined;\n}\n\nvoid cstring_setChar (cstring s, size_t n, char c) /*@requires maxRead(s) >= (n - 1) /\\ maxSet(s) >= (n - 1) @*/\n{\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n llassert (n > 0 && n <= cstring_length (s));\n\n s[n - 1] = c;\n}\n\nchar cstring_lastChar (cstring s) \n{\n size_t length;\n\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n\n length = cstring_length (s);\n llassert (length > 0);\n\n return (s[length - 1]);\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring cstring_copy (cstring s) /*@ensures maxSet(result) == maxRead(s) /\\ maxRead(result) == maxRead(s) @*/\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n return (mstring_copy (s));\n }\n else\n {\n return cstring_undefined;\n }\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring cstring_copyLength (char *s, size_t len) /*@requires maxSet(s) >= (len - 1) @*/\n{\n char *res = mstring_create (len + 1);\n\n strncpy (res, s, len);\n res[len] = '\\0';\n return res;\n}\n\nbool cstring_containsChar (cstring c, char ch)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (c))\n {\n return (strchr (c, ch) !",
"= NULL);\n }\n else\n {\n return FALSE;\n }\n}\n\n/*\n** Replaces all occurances of old in s with new.",
"\n*/\n\nvoid cstring_replaceAll (cstring s, char old, char snew)\n{\n \n llassert (old !",
"= snew);\n\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n char *sp = strchr (s, old);\n\n while (sp !",
"= NULL)\n\t{\n\t *sp = snew;\n\t sp = strchr (sp, old);\n\t}\n\n }\n}\n\nvoid cstring_replaceLit (/*@unique@*/ cstring s, char *old, char *snew) \n /*@requires maxRead(snew) >= 0 /\\ maxRead(old) >= 0 /\\ maxRead(old) >= maxRead(snew) @*/\n{\n llassert (strlen (old) >= strlen (snew));\n \n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n char *sp = strstr (s, old);\n\n while (sp !",
"= NULL)\n\t{\n\t int lendiff = size_toInt (strlen (old) - strlen (snew));\n\t char *tsnew = snew;\n\n\t llassert (lendiff >= 0);\n\n\t while (*tsnew !",
"= '\\0')\n\t {\n\t llassert (*sp !",
"= '\\0');\n\t *sp++ = *tsnew++;\n\t }\n\t \n\t if (lendiff > 0)\n\t {\n\t while (*(sp + lendiff) !",
"= '\\0')\n\t\t{\n\t\t *sp = *(sp + lendiff);\n\t\t sp++;\n\t\t}\n\t \n\t *sp = '\\0';\n\t }\n\n\t sp = strstr (s, old);\n\t}\n }\n}\n\n/*\n** removes all chars in clist from s\n*/\n\nvoid cstring_stripChars (cstring s, const char *clist)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n int i;\n size_t size = cstring_length (s);\n\n for (i = 0; i < size_toInt (size); i++)\n\t{\n\t \t\n\t char c = s[i];\n\t \n\t if (strchr (clist, c) !",
"= NULL)\n\t {\n\t /* strip this char */\n\t int j;\n\t \n\t size--;\n\t \n\t for (j = i; j < size_toInt (size); j++)\n\t\t{\n\t\t s[j] = s[j+1];\n\t\t}\n\t \n\t s[size] = '\\0'; \n\t i--;\n\t }\n\t}\n }\n}\n\nbool cstring_contains (/*@unique@*/ cstring c, cstring sub)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (c))\n {\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (sub));\n \n return (strstr (c, sub) !",
"= NULL);\n }\n else\n {\n return FALSE;\n }\n}\n\nstatic char lookLike (char c) /*@*/\n{\n if (c == 'I' || c == 'l')\n {\n return '1';\n }\n else if (c == 'O' || c == 'o')\n {\n return '0';\n }\n else if (c == 'Z')\n {\n return '2';\n }\n else if (c == 'S')\n {\n return '5';\n }\n else\n {\n return c;\n }\n}\n\ncmpcode cstring_genericEqual (cstring s, cstring t,\n\t\t\t size_t nchars,\n\t\t\t bool caseinsensitive,\n\t\t\t bool lookalike) \n /*@requires maxRead(s) >= nchars /\\ maxRead(t) >= nchars @*/\n{\n if (s == t) return CGE_SAME;\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (s))\n {\n return cstring_isEmpty (t) ? ",
"CGE_SAME : CGE_DISTINCT;\n }\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (t))\n {\n return cstring_isEmpty (s) ? ",
"CGE_SAME : CGE_DISTINCT;\n }\n else\n {\n int i = 0;\n bool diffcase = FALSE;\n bool difflookalike = FALSE;\n\n while (*s !",
"= '\\0')\n\t{\n\t if (nchars > 0 && i >= size_toInt (nchars))\n\t {\n\t break;\n\t }\n\n\t if (*t == *s)\n\t {\n\t ; /* no difference */\n\t }\n\t else if (caseinsensitive \n\t\t && (toupper ((int) *t) == toupper ((int) *s)))\n\t {\n\t diffcase = TRUE;\n\t }\n\t else if (lookalike && (lookLike (*t) == lookLike (*s)))\n\t {\n\t difflookalike = TRUE;\n\t }\n\t else \n\t {\n\t return CGE_DISTINCT;\n\t }\n\t i++;\n\t s++;\n\t t++;\n\t}\n\n \n if (*s == '\\0' && *t !",
"= '\\0')\n\t{\n\t return CGE_DISTINCT;\n\t}\n\n if (diffcase)\n\t{\n\t return CGE_CASE;\n\t}\n else if (difflookalike)\n\t{\n\t return CGE_LOOKALIKE;\n\t}\n else\n\t{\n\t return CGE_SAME;\n\t}\n }\n}\n\n\n\nbool cstring_equalFree (/*@only@*/ cstring c1, /*@only@*/ cstring c2)\n{\n bool res = cstring_equal (c1, c2);\n cstring_free (c1);\n cstring_free (c2);\n return res;\n}\n\nbool cstring_equal (cstring c1, cstring c2)\n{\n if (c1 == c2) return TRUE;\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c1)) return cstring_isEmpty (c2);\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c2)) return cstring_isEmpty (c1);\n else return (strcmp (c1, c2) == 0);\n}\n\nbool cstring_equalLen (cstring c1, cstring c2, size_t len)\n{\n if (c1 == c2) return TRUE;\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c1)) return cstring_isEmpty (c2);\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c2)) return cstring_isEmpty (c1);\n else return (strncmp (c1, c2, len) == 0);\n}\n\nbool cstring_equalCaseInsensitive (cstring c1, cstring c2)\n{\n if (c1 == c2) return TRUE;\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c1)) return cstring_isEmpty (c2);\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c2)) return cstring_isEmpty (c1);\n else return (cstring_genericEqual (c1, c2, 0, TRUE, FALSE) !",
"= CGE_DISTINCT);\n}\n\nbool cstring_equalLenCaseInsensitive (cstring c1, cstring c2, size_t len)\n{\n if (c1 == c2) return TRUE;\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c1)) return cstring_isEmpty (c2);\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c2)) return cstring_isEmpty (c1);\n else return (cstring_genericEqual (c1, c2, len, TRUE, FALSE) !",
"= CGE_DISTINCT);\n}\n\nbool cstring_equalPrefix (cstring c1, cstring c2)\n{\n llassert (c2 !",
"= NULL);\n\n if (cstring_isUndefined (c1)) \n {\n return (strlen (c2) == 0);\n }\n\n return (strncmp (c1, c2, strlen (c2)) == 0);\n}\n\nbool cstring_equalPrefixLit (cstring c1, const char *c2)\n{\n llassert (c2 !",
"= NULL);\n\n if (cstring_isUndefined (c1)) \n {\n return (strlen (c2) == 0);\n }\n\n return (strncmp (c1, c2, strlen (c2)) == 0);\n}\n\nint cstring_xcompare (cstring *c1, cstring *c2)\n{\n return (cstring_compare (*c1, *c2));\n}\n\nint cstring_compare (cstring c1, cstring c2)\n{\n int res;\n\n if (c1 == c2)\n {\n res = 0;\n }\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c1))\n {\n if (cstring_isEmpty (c2))\n\t{\n\t res = 0;\n\t}\n else\n\t{\n\t res = 1;\n\t}\n }\n else if (cstring_isUndefined (c2))\n {\n if (cstring_isEmpty (c1))\n\t{\n\t res = 0;\n\t}\n else\n\t{\n\t res = -1;\n\t}\n }\n else\n {\n res = strcmp (c1, c2);\n }\n\n return (res);\n}\n\nvoid cstring_markOwned (/*@owned@*/ cstring s)\n{\n sfreeEventually (s);\n}\n\nvoid cstring_free (/*@only@*/ cstring s)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (s)) \n {\n /*drl 2/3/2002*/\n s[0] = '\\0';\n \n sfree (s);\n }\n}\n\ncstring cstring_fromChars (/*@exposed@*/ const char *cp)\n{\n return (cstring) cp;\n}\n\n/*@exposed@*/ char *cstring_toCharsSafe (cstring s)\n{\n static /*@only@*/ cstring emptystring = cstring_undefined;\n\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n return (char *) s;\n }\n else\n {\n if (cstring_isUndefined (emptystring))\n\t{\n\t emptystring = cstring_newEmpty ();\n\t}\n\n return emptystring;\n }\n}\n\nsize_t cstring_length (cstring s)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n return strlen (s);\n }\n\n return 0;\n}\n\ncstring\ncstring_capitalize (cstring s) /*@requires maxSet(s) >= 0 @*/\n{\n if (!",
"cstring_isEmpty (s))\n {\n cstring ret = cstring_copy (s);\n\n cstring_setChar (ret, 1, (char) toupper ((int) cstring_firstChar (ret)));\n return ret;\n }\n \n return cstring_undefined;\n}\n\ncstring\ncstring_capitalizeFree (cstring s) /*@requires maxSet(s) >= 0 /\\ maxRead(s) >= 0 @*/\n{\n if (!",
"cstring_isEmpty (s))\n {\n cstring_setChar (s, 1, (char) toupper ((int) cstring_firstChar (s)));\n return s;\n }\n \n return s;\n}\n\ncstring\ncstring_clip (cstring s, size_t len)\n{\n if (cstring_isUndefined (s) || cstring_length (s) <= len)\n {\n ;\n }\n else\n {\n llassert (s !",
"= NULL);\n \n *(s + len) = '\\0';\n }\n \n return s;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring\ncstring_elide (cstring s, size_t len)\n{\n if (cstring_isUndefined (s) || cstring_length (s) <= len)\n {\n return cstring_copy (s);\n }\n else\n {\n cstring sc = cstring_create (len);\n \n strncpy (sc, s, len);\n \n *(sc + len - 1) = '\\0';\n *(sc + len - 2) = '.'; ",
" \n *(sc + len - 3) = '.'; ",
" \n *(sc + len - 4) = '.'; ",
" \n \n return sc;\n }\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring\ncstring_fill (cstring s, size_t n) /*@requires n >= 0 @*/\n{\n cstring t = cstring_create (n + 1);\n cstring ot = t;\n size_t len = cstring_length (s);\n size_t i;\n \n if (len > n)\n {\n for (i = 0; i < n; i++)\n\t{\n\t\t \n\t *t++ = *s++;\n\t}\n *t = '\\0';\n }\n else\n {\n for (i = 0; i < len; i++)\n\t{\n\t\n\t *t++ = *s++;\n\t}\n for (i = 0; i < n - len; i++)\n\t{\n\n\t *t++ = ' ';\n\t}\n *t = '\\0';\n }\n\n return ot;\n}\n\ncstring\ncstring_downcase (cstring s)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n cstring t = cstring_create (strlen (s) + 1);\n cstring ot = t;\n char c;\n \n while ((c = *s) !",
"= '\\0')\n\t{\n\t if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')\n\t {\n\t c = c - 'A' + 'a';\n\t }\n\t *t++ = c;\n\t s++;\n\t}\n *t = '\\0';\n \n return ot;\n }\n else\n {\n return cstring_undefined;\n }\n}\n\n/*@notnull@*/ cstring \ncstring_appendChar (/*@only@*/ cstring s1, char c)\n{\n size_t l = cstring_length (s1);\n char *s;\n\n s = (char *) dmalloc (sizeof (*s) * (l + 2));\n\n if (cstring_isDefined (s1))\n { \n strcpy (s, s1);\n *(s + l) = c;\n *(s + l + 1) = '\\0';\n sfree (s1); \n }\n else\n {\n *(s) = c;\n *(s + 1) = '\\0';\n } \n\n return s;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring \ncstring_concatFree (cstring s, cstring t)\n{\n cstring res = cstring_concat (s, t);\n cstring_free (s);\n cstring_free (t);\n return res;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring \ncstring_concatFree1 (cstring s, cstring t)\n{\n cstring res = cstring_concat (s, t);\n cstring_free (s);\n return res;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring \ncstring_concatChars (cstring s, char *t)\n{\n cstring res = cstring_concat (s, cstring_fromChars (t));\n cstring_free (s);\n return res;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring \ncstring_concatLength (cstring s1, char *s2, size_t len) /*@requires maxSet(s2) >= (len - 1) @*/\n{\n cstring tmp = cstring_copyLength (s2, len);\n cstring res = cstring_concat (s1, tmp);\n cstring_free (tmp);\n cstring_free (s1);\n\n return res;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ cstring \ncstring_concat (cstring s, cstring t) /*@requires maxSet(s) >= 0 @*/\n{\n char *ret = mstring_create (cstring_length (s) + cstring_length (t));\n\n if (cstring_isDefined (s))\n {\n strcpy (ret, s);\n }\n if (cstring_isDefined (t))\n {\n strcat (ret, t);\n }\n\n return ret;\n}\n\n/*@notnull@*/ /*@only@*/ cstring \ncstring_prependCharO (char c, /*@only@*/ cstring s1)\n{\n cstring res = cstring_prependChar (c, s1);\n\n cstring_free (s1);\n return (res);\n}\n\n/*@notnull@*/ /*@only@*/ cstring \ncstring_prependChar (char c, /*@temp@*/ cstring s1)\n{\n size_t l = cstring_length (s1);\n char *s = (char *) dmalloc (sizeof (*s) * (l + 2));\n \n *(s) = c;\n\n if (cstring_isDefined (s1)) \n {\n /*@-mayaliasunique@*/ \n strcpy (s + 1, s1);\n /*@=mayaliasunique@*/ \n }\n\n *(s + l + 1) = '\\0';\n return s;\n}\n\nbool\ncstring_hasNonAlphaNumBar (cstring s)\n{\n int c;\n\n if (cstring_isUndefined (s)) return FALSE;\n\n while ((c = (int) *s) !",
"= (int) '\\0')\n {\n if ((isalnum (c) == 0) && (c !",
"= (int) '_')\n\t && (c !",
"= (int) '.') && (",
"c !",
"= (int) CONNECTCHAR))\n\t{\n\t return TRUE;\n\t}\n\n s++;\n }\n return FALSE;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ /*@notnull@*/ cstring \ncstring_create (size_t n)\n{\n char *s = dmalloc (sizeof (*s) * (n + 1));\n \n *s = '\\0';\n return s;\n}\n\n/*@only@*/ /*@notnull@*/ cstring\ncstring_copySegment (cstring s, size_t findex, size_t tindex)\n{\n cstring res = cstring_create (tindex - findex + 1);\n\n llassert (cstring_isDefined (s));\n llassert (cstring_length (s) > tindex);\n\n strncpy (res, (s + findex), size_fromInt (size_toInt (tindex - findex) + 1));\n return res;\n}\n\nlsymbol cstring_toSymbol (cstring s)\n{\n lsymbol res = lsymbol_fromString (s);\n\n cstring_free (s);\n return res;\n}\n\ncstring cstring_bsearch (cstring key, char **table, int nentries)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (key))\n {\n int low = 0;\n int high = nentries;\n int mid = (high + low + 1) / 2;\n int last = -1;\n cstring res = cstring_undefined;\n\n while (low <= high && mid < nentries)\n\t{\n\t int cmp;\n\n\t llassert (mid !",
"= last);\n\t llassert (mid >= 0 && mid < nentries);\n\n\t cmp = cstring_compare (key, table[mid]);\n\t \n\t if (cmp == 0)\n\t {\n\t res = table[mid];\n\t break;\n\t }\n\t else if (cmp < 0) /* key is before table[mid] */\n\t {\n\t high = mid - 1;\n\t }\n\t else /* key of after table[mid] */\n\t {\n\t low = mid + 1;\n\t }\n\n\t last = mid;\n\t mid = (high + low + 1) / 2;\n\t}\n\n if (mid !",
"= 0 && mid < nentries - 1)\n\t{\n\t llassert (cstring_compare (key, table[mid - 1]) > 0);\n\t llassert (cstring_compare (key, table[mid + 1]) < 0);\n\t}\n\n return res;\n }\n \n return cstring_undefined;\n}\n\nextern /*@observer@*/ cstring cstring_advanceWhiteSpace (cstring s)\n{\n if (cstring_isDefined (s)) {\n char *t = s;\n\n while (*t !",
"= '\\0' && isspace ((int) *t)) {\n t++;\n }\n\n return t;\n }\n \n return cstring_undefined;\n}\n\n/* changes strings like \"sdf\" \"sdfsd\" into \"sdfsdfsd\"*/\n/* This function understands that \"sdf\\\" \\\"sdfsdf\" is okay*/\nstatic mstring doMergeString (cstring s)\n{\n char *ptr;\n mstring ret;\n char * retPtr;\n bool escape;\n \n llassert(cstring_isDefined (s));\n \n ret = mstring_create (cstring_length(s) );\n\n ptr = s;\n\n retPtr = ret;\n /*\n llassert(*ptr == '\\\"');\n\n *retPtr = *ptr;\n\n retPtr++;\n ptr++;\n */\n\n escape = FALSE;\n while (*ptr !",
"= '\\0')\n {\n \n if (*ptr == '\\\\')\n\t{\n\t *retPtr = *ptr;\n escape = !",
"escape; /* multiple slashes */\n\t}\n else if ( (*ptr == '\\\"') && (!",
"escape) )\n\t{\n\t while ( (ptr[1] !",
"= '\\\"') && (ptr[1] !",
"= '\\0') )\n\t {\n\t ptr++;\n\t }\n\t if (ptr[1] == '\\0')\n\t {\n\t llassert(*ptr == '\\\"');\n\t *retPtr = '\\\"';\n\t retPtr++;\n\t *retPtr = '\\0';\n\t BADEXIT;\n\n\t /*@notreached@*/ return ret;\n\t }\n\t else\n\t {\n\t ptr++;\n\t }\n\t}\n else\n\t{\n\t escape = FALSE;\n\t *retPtr = *ptr;\n\t}\n\n retPtr++;\n ptr++;\n \n }/* end while */\n *retPtr = '\\0';\n return ret;\n}\n\nstatic mstring doExpandEscapes (cstring s, /*@out@*/ size_t *len)\n{\n char *ptr;\n mstring ret;\n char * retPtr;\n \n llassert(cstring_isDefined (s));\n \n ret = mstring_create (cstring_length(s));\n\n ptr = s;\n\n retPtr = ret;\n while (*ptr !",
"= '\\0')\n {\n if (*ptr !",
"= '\\\\')\n\t{\n\t *retPtr = *ptr;\n\t retPtr++;\n\t ptr++;\n\t continue;\n\t}\n \n if (*ptr == '\\\\')\n\t{\n\t ptr++;\n\t if (*ptr == '\\0')\n\t {\n\t /*not a legal escape sequence but try to handle it in a sesible way*/\n\t *retPtr = '\\\\';\n\t retPtr++;\n\t }\n\t \n\t /* Handle Octal escapes */\n\t else if (*ptr >= '0' && *ptr <= '9' )\n\t {\n\t int total;\n\t total = (int)(*ptr - '0');\n\t ptr++;\n\t /*octal can only be 3 characters long */\n\t if (*ptr !",
"= '\\0' && (*ptr >= '0' && *ptr <= '9' ) )\n\t\t{\n\t\t total *= 8;\n\t\t ptr++;\n\t\t if (*ptr !",
"= '\\0' && (*ptr >= '0' && *ptr <= '9' ) )\n\t\t {\n\t\t total *= 8;\n\t\t total += (int) (*ptr - '0');\n\t\t ptr++;\n\t\t }\n\t\t}\n\t \n\t *retPtr = (char) total;\n\t retPtr++;\n\t }\n\t \n\t else if (*ptr == 'x')\n\t {\n\t int total;\n\t total = 0;\n\t ptr++;\n\t if (!(*",
"ptr !",
"= '\\0' &&\n\t\t ( (*ptr >= '0' && *ptr <= '9' ) ||\n\t\t (toupper(*ptr) >= (int)('A') && toupper(*ptr) <= (int)('F') ) )\n\t\t ))\n\t\t{\n\t\t total = (int)'x';\n\t\t}\n\t else\n\t\t{\n\t\t while (*ptr !",
"= '\\0' &&\n\t\t ( (*ptr >= '0' && *ptr <= '9' ) ||\n\t\t (toupper(*ptr) >= ((int)('A')) && toupper(*ptr) <= ((int)'F') ) )\n\t\t\t )\n\t\t {\n\t\t total *= 16;\n\t\t if (*ptr >= '0' && *ptr <= '9' )\n\t\t\ttotal += (int)(*ptr - '0');\n\t\t else\n\t\t\ttotal += ( (toupper(*ptr) - 'A') + 10);\n\t\t ptr++;\n\t\t }\n\t\t}\n\t *retPtr = (char) total;\n\t retPtr++;\n\t }\n\t else\n\t {\n\t switch ( *ptr )\n\t\t{\n\t\tcase 'a':\n\t\t *retPtr = '\\a';\n\t\t retPtr++;\n\t\t /*@switchbreak@*/ break;\n\n\t\tcase 'b':\n\t\t *retPtr = '\\b';\n\t\t retPtr++;\n\t\t /*@switchbreak@*/ break;\n\n\t\tcase 'f':\n\t\t *retPtr = '\\f';\n\t\t retPtr++;\n\t\t /*@switchbreak@*/ break;\n\n\t\tcase 'n':\n\t\t *retPtr = '\\n';\n\t\t retPtr++;\n\t\t /*@switchbreak@*/ break;\n\n\t\tcase 'r':\n\t\t *retPtr = '\\r';\n\t\t retPtr++;\n\t\t /*@switchbreak@*/ break;\n\n\t\tcase 't':\n\t\t *retPtr = '\\t';\n\t\t retPtr++;\n\t\t /*@switchbreak@*/ break;\n\t\t /* ' \" ? \\ */",
"\n\t\t /* we assume invalid sequences are handled somewhere else\n\t\t so we handle an invalid sequence of the form \\char by replacing\n\t\t it with char (this is what gcc does) the C standard says a diagnostic is\n\t\t required..*/\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t *retPtr = *ptr;\n\t\t retPtr++;\n\t\t}\n\t ptr++;\n\t }\n\t \n\t}/*end outer if*/\n \n }/*end while */\n\n /* add the null character */\n *retPtr = '\\0';\n\n llassert( (retPtr-ret) >= 0 );\n *len = (size_t)(retPtr - ret);\n return ret;\n}\n\n\n/*this function is like sctring_expandEscapses */\nmstring cstring_expandEscapes (cstring s)\n{\n size_t len;\n\n mstring ret;\n ret = doExpandEscapes (s, &len);\n return ret;\n}\n\nsize_t cstring_lengthExpandEscapes (cstring s)\n{\n size_t len;\n mstring tmpStr, tmpStr2;\n\n tmpStr = doMergeString (s);\n tmpStr2 = doExpandEscapes (tmpStr, &len);\n \n cstring_free(tmpStr);\n cstring_free(tmpStr2);\n\n return len;\n}\n\ncstring cstring_replaceChar(/*@returned@*/ cstring c, char oldChar, char newChar)\n{\n char *ptr;\n llassert(oldChar !",
"= '\\0');\n if (cstring_isUndefined(c) )\n {\n llcontbug(cstring_makeLiteral(\"cstring_replaceChar called with undefined string\"));\n return c;\n }\n \n ptr = c;\n while (*ptr !",
"= '\\0')\n {\n if (*ptr == oldChar)\n\t*ptr = newChar;\n ptr++;\n }\n\n return c;\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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0.006365850567817688,
0.0037830285727977753,
0.0065572564490139484
] | 0.011279 | 57 |
[
"Name=Progress Ring\nDescription=Shows progress."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
0.0005669275997206569
] | 0.000567 | 1 |
[
"French President Emmanuel Macron attends a meeting at the Elysee Palace in Paris, France May 21, 2017. ",
"REUTERS/Philippe Wojazer\n\nPARIS (Reuters) - French President Emmanuel Macron told Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras in a telephone conversation that France wants to see Greece’s debt burden eased over time, a source at the French president’s office said on Monday.",
"\n\n“The president said he hoped to reach an agreement soon which over time, will ease the burden of Greek debt,” the source said, adding that that was the plan French Economy Minister Bruno Le Maire would back when euro zone ministers meet in Brussels later on Monday."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
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0.0005550409550778568,
0.000559987616725266,
0.000556859013158828
] | 0.000557 | 3 |
[
"Minimal molecular determinants of substrates for recognition by the intestinal peptide transporter.",
"\nProton-dependent electrogenic transporters for di- and tripeptides have been identified in bacteria, fungi, plants, and mammalian cells. ",
"They all show sequence-independent transport of all possible di- and tripeptides as well as of a variety of peptidomimetics. ",
"We used the mammalian intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 as a model to define the molecular basis for its multisubstrate specificity. ",
"By employing computational analysis of possible substrate conformations in combination with transport assays using transgenic yeast cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing PEPT1, the minimal structural requirements for substrate binding and transport were determined. ",
"Based on a series of medium chain fatty acids bearing an amino group as a head group (omega-amino fatty acids, omega-AFA), we show that electrogenic transport by PEPT1 requires as a minimum the two ionized head groups separated by at least four methylene groups. ",
"Consequently, a > 500 pm < 630 pm distance between the two charged centers (carboxylic carbon and amino nitrogen) is sufficient for substrate recognition and transport. ",
"Removal of either the amino group or the carboxyl group in omega-AFA maintained the affinity of the compound for interaction with the transporter but abolished the capability for electrogenic transport. ",
"Additional groups in the omega-AFA backbone that provide more hydrogen bonding sites appear to increase substrate affinity but are not essential. ",
"The information provided here does (a) explain the capability of the peptide carrier for sequence-independent transport of thousands of different substrates and (b) set the molecular basis for a rational drug design to increase the absorption of peptide-based drugs mediated by PEPT1."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0005675972788594663,
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0.001346013625152409,
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0.0005824554245918989,
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0.0005739330663345754,
0.0005959640257060528,
0.0005674887797795236,
0.0005696211592294276
] | 0.000659 | 10 |
[
"1) Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to anti-missile protection, more particularly, to a deployable decoy device for protecting a target vehicle from surface-to-air, air-to-air, or similar missiles.",
"\n2) Description of Related Art\nAircraft may be susceptible to attacks from surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. ",
"These missiles are generally “heat seeking” and employ infrared guidance such that they do not emit signals that may be detected by the target. ",
"The infrared-guided missiles typically seek in a specified wavelength and, as such, may detect sources of non-natural radiated energy, such as the emissions of an aircraft engine.",
"\nA number of techniques have been developed to protect aircraft from surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. ",
"Flares are the most common devices used as a decoy, although other techniques, such as suppressants, shields and blocking devices, pyrophorics, and directional infrared counter measures, may be used. ",
"Flares typically comprise pyrotechnic compositions bound together with an organic binder and pressed to form pellets. ",
"One or more pellets are deployed from the flare and ignited following missile launch such that each pellet burns over its surface to produce an infrared source, and in a manner that simulates the engines of the target aircraft such that the missile is lured to the burning pellet and away from the target aircraft. ",
"Successive pellets are deployed and ignited to continuously attract and lure the missile away from the aircraft, as each pellet will eventually burn out.",
"\nHowever, several flares and pellets must be used since the pellets are incapable of maintaining flight once deployed. ",
"As a result, the aircraft must be equipped with several flares that may be used for a single missile since the pellets eventually burn out, which may ultimately sacrifice flight efficiency by increasing weight and the amount of space required on the aircraft for the flares. ",
"Moreover, most sophisticated missiles are capable of determining the difference in movement between the trajectory of the aircraft and a pellet that simply falls from an aircraft, such that the missile continues to track the aircraft even as pellets are launched.",
"\nAs a result of the aforementioned drawbacks, kinematic flares have been developed, which are designed to fly along with the aircraft to extend the exposure time of the flare, rather than having the flare fall as soon as deployed from the target aircraft. ",
"An example of a kinematic flare is disclosed in U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,834,680 to Nielson et al. ",
"The Nielson patent discloses a black body decoy flare for thrusted applications. ",
"The decoy flare includes a metal fuel (e.g., magnesium, aluminum, or mixtures thereof), ammonium perchlorate as a main oxidizer, a binder (e.g., hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene), and high carbon content compounds (e.g., aromatic or polyaromatic compounds). ",
"The ammonium chlorate combusts with the metal fuel to produce high temperature gaseous reaction products, where the gaseous reaction products are useful for producing thrust in the decoy flare. ",
"The high carbon content compounds are added to improve the efficiency of the black body radiator, as well as help contain the high temperatures with the decoy housing, such that the high temperatures do not destroy the decoy flare. ",
"Even with respect to kinematic flares, the flares typically employ a fuel that burns out of control once ignited, which increases the potential for ground fires. ",
"In addition, the burning fuel tends to produce toxic byproducts.",
"\nIt would therefore be advantageous to provide a decoy device that is capable of reacting quickly and luring a missile away from a target vehicle during an attack. ",
"It would also be advantageous to provide a decoy device that may defend a target vehicle without sacrificing the vehicle's flight efficiency. ",
"It would further be advantageous to provide for a decoy device that is environmentally friendly."
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[
"Q:\n\nCanvas issue with fabric.",
"IText\n\nI'm working on project for Canvas editor.",
"I have this issue :User can add text and edit it in canvas but when delete first text and try to put again text,new text can't be edit.",
"I use fabricjs.",
"\nFor add text i use this code.",
"\n\n$(\"#addText\").on(\"click\", function addText() {\r\n var oText = new fabric.",
"IText('Tap and Type', { \r\n left: 100, \r\n top: 100,\r\n fontSize: 26,\r\n });\r\n\r\n oText.set({ fill: $(\".addText-options .sp-preview-inner\").css(\"background-color\") });\r\n oText.id = 'userDesign';\r\n \r\n canvas.add(oText).renderAll().setActiveObject(oText);\r\nactiveObject = canvas.getActiveObject(); \r\n\r\n});\n\nA:\n\nI found the solution.",
"The problem was in version of fabricjs i used i just change version.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi\n\nAbu Zakariya Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi (830–871) was a Muslim Sufi who taught in Central Asia. ",
"One of the first to teach Sufism in masajid, he left a number of books and sayings. ",
"Despite his emphasis on raja, the hope for Jannah and for Allah's forgiveness, he was renowned for his perseverance in worship and his great scrupulousness in matters of religion. ",
"A disciple of Ibn Karram, he left his native town of Rey and resided for a time in Balkh, afterwards proceeding to Nishapur where he died in 871 at the age of forty one.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:830 births\nCategory:871 deaths\nCategory:People from Rey, Iran\nCategory:Sufi teachers\nCategory:Iranian Sufis"
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"Photography in Norway\n\nAs in many countries, the science, craft, and art of photography in Norway has evolved as a result of changing technology, improving economic conditions, and the level of acceptance of photography as an art form in its own right.",
"\n\nHistory\nThe first known photography in Norway dates from 1839, when Hans Thøger Winther bought his first camera. ",
"The oldest image on file is one of his pictures from 1840. ",
" Daguerreotypes became popular in the 1840s, and several entrepreneurial photographers established studios in major cities for portrait photography and also took portable studios to smaller population centers. ",
"Winther published a number of articles on photography in newspapers and published a book in 1845 titled:\n\n\"Instructions on how in various ways to produce and establish IMAGES OF LIGHT on paper, such as portraits of living persons, prospects of nature, copies of paintings, plastic copper items, stone prints, leaves of plants, etc., ",
"partly by using a camera obscura, partly with an instrument for copying\"\n\nPortrait photography became more affordable and commonplace throughout the 19th century, and around 1860 landscape photography took root in Norway. ",
"Marcus Selmer is considered to be the first landscape photographer with considerable production, but Knud Knudsen and the Swede Axel Lindahl made the most systematic efforts in traveling and capturing landscapes.",
"\n\nFrom the late 19th century until World War I, photographers set up shop throughout Norway. ",
"Many women were among them.",
"\n\nIn 1901, Anders Beer Wilse returned from the United States. ",
" He became one of the most famous photographers in Norway. ",
"In addition to documenting natural landscapes and ethnology throughout Norway, he was also an accomplished portrait and architecture photographer.",
"\n\nAlthough dominated primarily by German influences in the late 19th century, Pictorialism caught on in Norway when it did elsewhere in the world and was promoted by Oslo camera club, founded in 1921. ",
" Photographers whose work represent Norwegian pictorialism include Robert Collett, Aage Remfeldt, Thomas Blehr, and Waldemar Eide.",
"\n\nAround World War I, portrait photography in Norway became more of an expressive art as a result of the work of Waldemar Eide, Dimitri Koloboff, Gunnar Theodor Sjøwall, Aage Remfeldt, Hans Johnsrud and Anders Beer Wilse.",
"\n\nCraft\n\nPhotojournalism\nIn confluence with the growth of the socialist movement in Norway, the Neue Sachlichkeit movement also influenced Norwegian photography. ",
"With the rise of photojournalism, the ethnological legacy of Norwegian photography gave rise to a growing interest in making social and political commentary through the camera.",
"\n\nArtistic expression\nIn 1971, the first photographic work (by Kåre Kivijärvi) was accepted at the prestigious Autumn Exhibition in Oslo, marking the widespread acceptance of photography as an art form.",
"\n\nPhotographic archives\nEfforts to preserve photographic works in Norway is coordinated through the Norwegian Ministry of Culture, has been made the responsibility of the Norwegian Archive, Library and Museum Authority, the Preus Museum, and the National Library of Norway. ",
"Archives are funded through the Norwegian Cultural Council, public funding of related topical areas, and revenue generated by reproductions and other services.",
"\n\nIn 1928, the first initiative to create a national photographic archive was started through the formation of an iconographic commission. ",
"This was initially intended as a means to preserve historical visual records, but over time the interest increased in photographic archives that also preserved the craft, art, and technology of photography.",
"\n\nIn addition to central archives in the National Library's facilities and at the Preus Museum, there are 25 regional archives, organized by counties. ",
" A number of local libraries, museums, and other institutions also maintain photography archives.",
"\n\nReferences\n Brief summary of the history of photography in Norway\n\n \nPhotography, Norwegian"
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[
"East Manggarai Regency\n\nEast Manggarai Regency () is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. ",
"Established in 2007 (out of part of Manggarai Regency), the regency has its seat (capital) in Borong. ",
"The population in 2010 was 252,754, but the latest official estimate (as at mid 2018) was a total of 262,606.",
"\n\nAdministration \nThe East Manggarai Regency as at 2010 was divided into six districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their 2010 Census population. ",
"Since 2010 three aditional districts have been created by splitting of existing districts - Elar Selatan (South Elar), Poco Ranaka Timur (East Poco Ranaka) and Rana Mese:\n\nTourism\n\nThe local government is aiming to promote a range of tourist sites including the following:\n\nNanga Labang village, on the seashore with pristine beaches\nLake Air Panas (Hot Water) in Rana Masak\nGampang Mas village near Borong\nLaka Rana Tojong where the Victoria amazonica giant lily grows.",
"\n\nAn additional feature of interest in the regency is the Pota Komodo dragon which has similar traits to the more well-known Komodo dragon found in neighbouring West Manggarai Regency. ",
" The population of the Pota Komodo dragon has been declining and there is now concern about conservation of the local dragon population.",
"\n\nInternational visitors travel through various parts of the district, sometimes liaising with local groups such as village Catholic communities. ",
" In late 2012, one visiting Polish couple took the decision to be married in Lait valley in the Kota Komba area,\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Regencies of East Nusa Tenggara\nCategory:Flores Island (Indonesia)"
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[
"Q:\n\nMultiple annotations found at this line: End tag () not closed properly, expected >\n\nI have written the below html code with the embedded javascript function disableReturnDate() within the script tags. ",
"But on the close tag is giving an error\n*Error*\n\nMultiple annotations found at this line:\n - End tag (</script>) not closed properly, expected >.",
"\n - Unknown tag (script function addReturnDate() { if (document.getElementById('RoundTrip').checked) \n { document.write(\"Select Return Date:\"); document.write(\"<script>DateInput('returndate',true,'DD-MON-YYYY');\"); \n document.write(\"<input type=\\\"button\\\" onClick=\\\"alert(this.form.returndate.value)\\\" value=\\\"Show date value \n passed\\\">\"); } } </script> ).",
"\n - End tag of element <script>\n\n*Code*\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\">\n<title>Enter Date-Time, Arrival and Departure Location</title>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"calendarDateInput.js\"></script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\nfunction disableReturnDate() {\n this.form1.returndate.disabled=true;\n}\n</script>\n</head>\n<body onload=\"disableReturnDate()\">\n<form name=\"form1\" method=\"post\" action=\"retrievePossibleRoutes.jsp\">\nSelect Travel Date: \n<script>DateInput('traveldate',true,'DD-MON-YYYY');</script> \n<input type=\"button\" onClick=\"alert(this.form.traveldate.value)\" value=\"Show date value passed\">\n<br>\nSelect Return Date: \n<script>DateInput('returndate',true,'DD-MON-YYYY');</script> \n<input type=\"button\" onClick=\"alert(this.form.returndate.value)\" value=\"Show date value passed\">\n<input type=\"radio\" name=\"journeyType\" id=\"OneWay\" onClick=\"disableReturnDate()\" checked>One Way<br>\n<input type=\"radio\" name=\"journeyType\" id=\"RoundTrip\" onClick=\"enableReturnDate()\">Round Trip<br> \n<br>\nSelect Departure Location:\n<select name=\"comboDep\">\n<option></option>\n<option></option>\n</select>\n<input type=\"submit\"/>\n<br>\nSelect Arrival Location:\n<select name=\"comboArrv\">\n<option></option>\n<option></option>\n</select>\n<input type=\"submit\"/>\n</form>\n</body>\n</html>\n\nAny idea what's wrong. ",
"The code being shown in the error was written before but I have removed that now and it still shows in the error message. ",
"Look forward to replies\nP.S. The link to the calendarDateInput.js is http://www.dynamicdrive.com/dynamicindex7/jasoncalendar.htm\n\nA:\n\nYou can verify HTML by using the W3C validator: http://validator.w3.org/check\nTwo errors of significance show up. ",
" Put \n<!",
"doctype html>\n\nat the start of the HTML (you can specify more info in the doctype tag, so look into this a bit more), and add make sure that all tags have the type attribute set:\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n\n"
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[
"Estimated Monthly Payment\n\nHow about a 37 acre parcel that is both unique & valuable with Overlook Mountain views. ",
"The 37 acre parcel is easily accessible by well maintained roads thru-out the property. ",
"Ideal subdivision possibilities. ",
"Farm, ranch, retreat, tiny house dev. ",
"or most any endeavor, as it was an approved 50 lot subdivision back in the forties. ",
"The property is a stunning mix of woods, wood roads thru-out, old bluestone quarries & 2 quarry ponds and dramatic cliffs. ",
"The owner quarried and sold bluestone here for 40 years with sensitivity to the beauty of the landscape& environment. ",
"Accor therding to the owners land is organic and has never been farmed with pesticides. ",
"There is a well maintained 724 sq ft mobile home with large wrap around deck as well as a rustic 1 br cabin with open floor plan. ",
"There are 2 above ground fuel tanks on the property as well as a old school bus & storage trailer which the seller used for storage and workshops. ",
"Located just 3.5 miles from Woodstock & miles to the thruway exit., ",
"Directions ROUTE 212 TO GOAT HILL RD OR WEST SAUGERTIES ROAD TO GOAT HILL RD"
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[
"Project Summary Due to the high variability of neurological disease penetrance, it often remains difficult to predict an individual's health outcomes from genotype alone. ",
"Addressing this challenge, however, requires first understanding how brains vary in the absence of disease. ",
"The neural underpinnings of individual behavioral differences are largely unknown. ",
"This proposal seeks to use the fruit fly olfactory system as a model to investigate the neural sources of wild type behavioral individuality. ",
"Custom high-throughput behavioral instruments, two-photon imaging, and expansion microscopy of immunolabelled tissue will be used to characterize functional (Aim 1) and nanoscale structural (Aim 2) variation in the olfactory nervous system and how idiosyncrasies at these levels relate to individual odor preference behavior (Aims 1 and 2). ",
"Sufficiency of identified loci of individuality in modulating behavioral preferences will be tested using thermogenetic activators and inhibitors of defined neural subpopulations (Aim 3). ",
"Machine learning approaches will be used to analyze high-dimensional neural coding and structural data, automatically segment and label two-photon and confocal microscopy images, and train classifiers to predict behavior from idiosyncratic neural function and structure. ",
"Olfaction circuitry is highly analogous between flies and mammals, suggesting that principles of individuality discovered in flies may increase understanding of normal and pathological individuality in humans. ",
"These principles may explain why neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia can play out differently among individuals with comparable risk factors. ",
"The proposed research will be carried out in the laboratory of Dr. Benjamin de Bivort in the department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. ",
"Dr. Aravinthan Samuel will co-mentor. ",
"The applicant's training plan includes learning experimental skills pertaining to Drosophila neurogenetics, advanced functional and structural neuroimaging techniques, and high-dimensional data analysis. ",
"The training plan also includes professional development training, such as responsible conduct of research, plans to present at international meetings, and extramural summer courses. ",
"The NIDCD Taste and Smell Program website states that the NIDCD supports studies of the central processing of chemosensory information including the underlying neural circuitry of central olfactory...brain regions. ",
"The proposed research will investigate variation in olfactory coding and behavioral preference and will therefore contribute to the NIDCD's future directions priority area #1, Understanding normal function, by increasing understanding of fundamental mechanisms of olfactory information processing in wild type animals. ",
"In addition, the proposed research will lay the groundwork toward a better understanding of neurological disorders that result in pathologically idiosyncratic neural function, such as autism, by explicitly characterizing how brains and behavior vary in the absence of disease. ",
"Thus, this proposal will contribute to NIH's overall mission of uncover[ing] new knowledge that will lead to better health for everyone."
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[
"Children's and adults' use of verbal information to visually anticipate others' actions: A study on explicit and implicit social-cognitive processing.",
"\nAccording to recent theories, social cognition is based on two different types of information-processing; an implicit or action-based one and an explicit or verbal one. ",
"The present study examined whether implicit and explicit social-cognitive information processing interact with each other by investigating young children's and adults' use of verbal (i.e., explicit) information to predict others' actions. ",
"Employing eye-tracking to measure anticipatory eye-movements as a measure of implicit processing, Experiment 1 presented 1.5-, 2.5-, and 3.5-year-old children as well as adults with agents who announced to move to either of two possible targets. ",
"The results show that only the 3.5-year-old children and adults, but not the 1.5- and 2.5-year-old children were able to use verbal information to correctly anticipate others' actions. ",
"Yet, Experiments 2 and 3 showed that 2.5-year-old children were able to use explicit information to give a correct explicit answer (Experiment 2) and that they were able to use statistical information to anticipate the other's actions (Experiment 3). ",
"Overall, the study is in line with theoretical claims that two types of information-processing underlie human social cognition. ",
"It shows that these two inform each other by 3years of age."
] | {
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[
"Oligonucleotide micro-arrays for identification of unknown mutations: how far from reality?",
"\nThe present review examines critically what has been published on oligonucleotide micro-arrays, from the point of view of detection of unknown mutations. ",
"We will first demonstrate the theoretical power of this new technique, and then argue that it is experimentally realistic. ",
"However, technical difficulties remain, and the proposed solutions for controlling the hybridisation specificity and for manufacturing the micro-arrays will be reviewed. ",
"Some are promising, but a complete integration of several of these solutions must be achieved before oligonucleotide micro-arrays become a universal tool for routine detection of unknown mutations. ",
"Nevertheless, sequence specific arrays should be available in the short term for the most frequently studied genes."
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[
"Electrophotographic image forming apparatuses are commonly available. ",
"It is because clear images can be obtained in a short time in comparison with image forming apparatuses utilizing other systems such as the inkjet system.",
"\nAn electrophotographic image forming apparatus is provided with a photosensitive drum and forms an image on the surface of a medium such as paper utilizing the photosensitive drum. ",
"In the image forming processes, after a latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum, toner is let adhere to the latent image. ",
"This toner adhering to this latent image is transferred to the medium and afterwards fused to the medium.",
"\nIn order to form a color image, toner of at least one color is used. ",
"Besides this, toner that can emit light in response to the irradiation of ultraviolet light (luminescent toner) is also used (for example, see Patent Document 1).",
"\n[Patent Doc. ",
"1] JP Laid-Open Application Publication 2007-017719\nBecause luminescent toner has a nature that it can easily discolor over time, in forming an image using the luminescent toner, it is desired that the image quality can be retained as long as possible.",
"\nThis invention has been made considering such a problem, and its objective is to offer an image forming apparatus that can obtain high quality images."
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[
"Q:\n\nGrasping \"Substitution\" in terms of linear algebra\n\nSo I have a set of equations: \n$$x_{1} + x_{2} = 1$$\n$$x_{2} + x_{4} = 3$$\nFrom linear algebra, we know that (say, we're in $\\mathbb{R}^{4}$, i.e. we have 4 variables), the solution space to the set of equations above is a 2 dimensional subspace of $\\mathbb{R}^{4}$.\nBut now, using algebra we could also do the following simplification(...?)",
"\n$$ - x_{1} + x_{4} = 2$$\nClearly, the solution space becomes different! (",
"try, x1 = 1, x2 = 3, x3 = 0, x4 = 3)\nFrom a linear algebra perspective, what is really going on here. ",
"I am not grasping this intuitively. ",
"Thanks a lot. (",
"I think I am missing something about correctly reducing a set of equations...)\n\nA:\n\nYour new equation is not a simplification of the system, it's just a linear combination of the original equations. ",
" \nSubstitution is a way of deriving a new equation that follows logically from a system. ",
" An equation created by substitution won't in general define the system.",
"\nIf you take your new equation plus any one of the original equations, you'll find it defines the same region as the original system.",
"\n\n"
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[
"All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.",
"\n\nIntroduction {#sec005}\n============\n\nDespite the use of most modern treatments, ovarian cancer is characterized with the worst survival parameters among all gynecological malignancies. ",
"As a standard of adjuvant treatment in Poland according to the recommendations of the Polish Society of Gynecologic Oncology, platinum derivatives in combination with paclitaxel are used as a first-line treatment \\[[@pone.0194270.ref001]\\]. ",
"This treatment is concordant with the protocols of ovarian cancer treatment in other European countries \\[[@pone.0194270.ref002]\\]. ",
"The effects of the treatment are somewhat better in the recent years but are still unsatisfactory due to highly frequent recurrences, despite achieving primary complete remission. ",
"Only approximately 10%-15% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer reach extended, several-year-long disease-free periods \\[[@pone.0194270.ref003]\\]. ",
"A greater proportion of women achieving long periods of complete remission increased by 38% in breast cancer and by only 17% in ovarian cancer \\[[@pone.0194270.ref004]\\]. ",
"It seems that a significant number of these failures results from resistance to primary treatment which, in the case of ovarian cancer, is related to platinum resistance. ",
"Approximately 20% of patients beginning treatment are resistant to platinum therapy and will either not respond to the treatment at all, have disease progression during chemotherapy, or will present with early relapse within 6 months from the end of chemotherapy. ",
"The second important factor affecting the survival of patients is optimal, and in today\\'s era, complete cytoreduction at the initial operation. ",
"Therefore, predicting a surgical outcome based on biomarker behavior can provide very valuable information.",
"\n\nFor that reason, there is a need for finding suitable biomarkers that might predict platinum sensitivity, surgical outcome and finally survival parameters.",
"\n\nAt present, more than 2,000 works concerning CA 125 have been published, and only 370 related to HE4. ",
"The assessment of the prognostic significance of CA 125 has been described in more than 1000 scientific papers, whereas in the case of HE4 such works are only about 100. ",
"HE4 is still a marker whose significance of diagnostic and prognostic value must be thoroughly investigated.",
"\n\nThe goal of this publication was to determine whether the HE4 protein might serve as a biomarker for the response to treatment among patients with ovarian cancer subjected to first-line chemotherapy based on platinum analogues.",
"\n\nMaterials and methods {#sec006}\n=====================\n\nStudy population {#sec007}\n----------------\n\nEthics permission for the study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Pomeranian Medical University (protocol number KB-0012/58/11). ",
"All patients gave written consent. ",
"This report describes a prospective study. ",
"Initially, the study included patients with suspected ovarian cancer (118 women) referred for laparoscopy or laparotomy depending on disease advancement, general health status, the local status determined based on gynecological examination and computed tomography. ",
"Following confirmation of the diagnosis of malignant epithelial ovarian cancer by histopathological examination, the patients were qualified for further stages of the study. ",
"Five women with germinal and gonadal ovarian tumors diagnosed in histopathological examination were excluded. ",
"The study continued with 113 patients with ovarian cancer, who had commenced chemotherapy. ",
"However, another 23 patients were rejected due to refusal of chemotherapy, change of treatment facility, death due to non-oncological reasons or lack of follow-up after the end of treatment. ",
"Finally, 90 women with all of the data necessary for proper analysis were included in the study. [",
"Table 1](#pone.0194270.t001){ref-type=\"table\"} demonstrates the patients' characteristics. ",
"All of the patients signed an informed consent to participate in the study.",
"\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0194270.t001\n\n###### Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients with ovarian cancer (n = 90).",
"\n\n![](",
"pone.0194270.t001){#pone.0194270.t001g}\n\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Characteristics All groups\\ Primary debulking surgery (PDS)\\ HE4 (PDS)\\ Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)\\ HE4 (NACT)\\\n n = 90 n = 48 \\[pmol/l\\]\\ n = 42 \\[pmol/l\\]\\\n Median (range) Median (range)\n --------------------- --------------- ---------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------\n Age, median (range) \n\n all 60,4 (31--87) 58.6 (31--81) 307.1 (35.8--3608) 59,8 (33--87) \\-\n\n premenopausal 43,6 (31--51) 40,8 (31--50) 98.3 (35.8--233) 46 (38--51) 577.5 (111--116.3)\n\n postmenopausal 60,6 (48--87) 60,6 (48--81) 324.4 (41.1--1500) 65,2 (52--87) 820 (53.1--3608)\n\n FIGO stage, n (%) \n\n I and II 17 (18.9) 17 (35.4) 139.2 (41.1--345) \\- \\-\n\n III and IV 73 (81.1) 31 (64.6) 594.8 (35.8--1500) 42 (100) 827.9 (53.1--3608)\n\n Histology, n (%) \n\n Serous 80 (88.9) 38 (79.2) 354.8 (35.8--850) 42 (100) 827.9 (53.1--3608)\n\n Mucinous 7 (7.8) 7 (14.6) 109.3 (48.4--246.1) \\- \\-\n\n Endometrioid 3 (3.3) 3 (6.2) 120.7 (65.8--121) \\- \\-\n\n Tumor grade, n (%) \n\n 1 17 (18.9) 12 (25) 101.8 (35.8--1441) 5 (11.9) 384.5 (111--658.4)\n\n 2 24 (26.7) 13 (27.1) 233 (65.8--1500) 11 (26.2) 427.5 (53.9--116.3)\n\n 3 49 (54.4) 23 (47.9) 427.5 (41--1500) 26 (61.9) 897.4 (53.3--3608)\n\n Surgery, n (%) \n\n Optimal 65 (72.2) 37 (77.1) 186.3 (35.8--850) 28 (70) 817.6 (53.1--3608)\n\n Suboptimal 25 (27.8) 11 (22.9) 708.7 (65.9--1500) 14 (30) 785.5 (53.9--2556)\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAmong the 90 women, 48 subjects received adjuvant therapy after primary cytoreductive surgery (PDS), and after subsequent laparoscopy or exploratory laparotomy, 42 patients were referred for neoadjuvant treatment (NACT). ",
"The number of treatment courses in adjuvant therapy amounted to six, while as a part of neoadjuvant therapy patients received 3--4 courses before surgery (IDS---interval debulking surgery) and 5--6 courses after surgical treatment.",
"\n\nAnalysis of serum HE4 and CA 125 {#sec008}\n--------------------------------\n\nBlood for HE4 and CA 125 was drawn on the first day the patients reported to the hospital and thus before the final diagnosis. ",
"The so-called baseline level of markers was assessed, and they were drawn before each subsequent chemotherapy course (for the final analysis, we used the level after the primary cytoreductive surgery and after the third course of chemotherapy), before the IDS surgery and after the end of treatment. ",
"All of the assessments were made immediately (within 2--3 hours) without the need for freezing and storing the material.",
"\n\nThe HE4 serum levels of the marker were determined using the Roche Elecsys^®^ assay on a Cobas e601 apparatus. ",
"This assay is a one-step sandwich electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for the quantitative determination of human epididymal protein 4. ",
"The detection range for HE4 was 15.0--1500 pmol/L; in case of values exceeding 1500 pmol/L, the samples were diluted in a 1:20 ratio using Elecsys Diluent. ",
"The CA 125 serum levels of the marker were determined using the ARCHITECT CA 125 II assay on an ARCHITECT 2200SR System. ",
"This assay is a two-step immunoassay to determine the presence of CA 125 antigen using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) technology. ",
"The CA 125 and HE4 assays were carried out according to the manufacturers\\' instructions, with the appropriate controls testing within the normal ranges.",
"\n\nEvaluation of treatment response {#sec009}\n--------------------------------\n\nThe following parameters were used to assess the effectiveness of the treatment: PFS (progression-free survival), DFS (disease-free survival), two-year survival, OS (overall survival), and platinum-resistance assessment according to the following definitions:\n\n- platinum sensitive patients, if the disease-free time period was longer than 6 months after the end of first-line chemotherapy.",
"\n\n- platinum resistant patients, if the disease-free time period was shorter than 6 months after the end of first-line chemotherapy.",
"\n\n- platinum refractory patients, if the disease progression occurred during first--line chemotherapy\n\n- PFS---time from the initial diagnosis to recurrence of the disease or death, whichever came first\n\n- DFS---time from the end of chemotherapy to relapse\n\n- OS---time from the initial diagnosis to death, last contact or loss of follow-up.",
"\n\nPlatinum resistant and platinum refractory patients were defined as non-responders to first-line chemotherapy. ",
"The elevation of markers during chemotherapy was an indication for computed tomography and its positive result---for diagnosis of disease progression. ",
"After the end of chemotherapy, the patients were followed up in the outpatient clinic. ",
"When the first clinical signs that might be associated with disease relapse appeared, the CA 125 and HE4 markers were assessed and, in the case of finding their increased levels relative to the previous values measured after the completion of therapy, computed tomography was performed. ",
"We used the RECIST 1.1 criteria \\[[@pone.0194270.ref005]\\] in the computed tomography assessment, while the analysis of CA 125 behavior was conducted on the basis of the GCIG guidelines as described by Rustin et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref006]\\]. ",
"A residual size of \\<1 cm was considered an optima cytoreduction, while a suboptimal cytoreduction was diagnosed with a residual mass over 1 cm.",
"\n\nStatistical analysis {#sec010}\n--------------------\n\nAll of the statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica 10 software. ",
"Marker levels in particular groups and subgroups are demonstrated as the medians and ranges. ",
"Due to a lack of normal distribution, comparisons between the groups were performed with non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test. ",
"To assess the influence of HE4 and CA 125 markers on the overall survival or disease recurrence and time to progression, we used a Kaplan-Meier survival curve and a log rank test. ",
"For that purpose, we established cut-off points for the HE4 and CA 125, including the median baseline value of the markers, the 75 percentile of the baseline values, the 50% reduction of the markers after surgical treatment in the group after primary cytoreduction, normalization of the markers after the third course of chemotherapy in the patients after PDS, normalization of the markers after chemotherapy and in the group receiving neoadjuvant treatment a 50% reduction of markers before IDS as well as values over and below the median of the measurements performed before IDS. ",
"Uni- and multivariate analyses using the Cox regression model were performed. ",
"Parameters included in the multivariate Cox analysis included age, FIGO stage, grade, residual disease status and variants of serum HE4 and CA 125 concentrations. ",
"Age was assessed as a continuous variable, FIGO staging was divided into I/II vs. III/IV, grade G1+G2 vs. G3, residual disease into optimal vs. suboptimal surgery. ",
"Values of markers were included in the multivariate analysis according to the abovementioned criteria (cut-off points). ",
"The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated with a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and a logistic regression model was used to evaluated the markers' ability to predict patient outcome, including the response to platinum therapy (responders vs. non-responders), relapse or obtaining/not obtaining two-year survival. ",
"We used logistic regression model as the maximum likelihood method. ",
"The results were considered to be significant for p\\<0.05.",
"\n\nResults {#sec011}\n=======\n\nPatients, biomarkers baseline characteristics and correlation with classical prognostic factors {#sec012}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n[Table 1](#pone.0194270.t001){ref-type=\"table\"} presents the characteristics of the study group, as well as the HE4 marker values in the analyzed group and subgroups.",
"\n\nThe median duration of the PFS was 27.8 (9--53) months in the entire study group, 31 (9--56) months in the group subjected to primary surgical treatment and 23.8 (4--40) months in the group receiving neoadjuvant therapy. ",
"The overall survival time equaled, respectively, 32.8 (3--56) months in the entire study population, 34.1 (6--56) in the group after PDS and 30.6 (3--54) months in the NACT group. ",
"Four patients progressed from the beginning of the treatment. ",
"The two-year survival was obtained in 72% (85% in the PDS and 67.1% in the NACT group) of the women, 70% were platinum-sensitive (79% in the PDS group and 59.5% in the NACT group), while DFS could not be obtained in 24.4% of the patients (14.5% in the PDS group and 35.7% in the NACT group).",
"\n\n[Table 2](#pone.0194270.t002){ref-type=\"table\"} presents the values and comparisons of the HE4 and CA 125 marker values, depending on the typical prognostic factors in the entire study population.",
"\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0194270.t002\n\n###### Comparison of the median levels of serum HE4 and CA 125 according to typical prognostic factors, PFS, OS and platinum-sensitivity in all the examined patients (Mann-Whitney U test).",
"\n\n![](",
"pone.0194270.t002){#pone.0194270.t002g}\n\n Prognostic factor HE4 \\[pmol/l\\] CA125 \\[U/ml\\]\n ---------------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------\n Age \n Premenopausal, n = 12 172 \\[35.8--1116.3\\] 114.2 \\[33--4638\\]\n Postmenopausal, n = 78 311 \\[41.1--3608\\] 323.5 \\[11.3--14199\\]\n p-value p = 0.1661 p = 0.9609\n FIGO stage \n I and II, n = 17 120.7 \\[41.1--345\\] 74.5 \\[11.3--1441\\]\n III and IV, n = 73 543 \\[35.8--3608\\] 535.1 \\[15.9--14199\\]\n p-value p = 0.000001 p = 0.000002\n Tumor grade \n 1 and 2, n = 41 226 \\[35.8--1500\\] 198 \\[11.3--1639\\]\n 3 n = 49 521 \\[41.1--2556\\] 521.8 \\[15.9--14199\\]\n p-value p = 0.0026 p = 0.0169\n Histology \n Serous, n = 80 345 \\[35.9--3608\\] 371 \\[15.9--14199\\]\n Mucinous, n = 7 109.8 \\[48.4--246.1\\] 110.2 \\[11.3--227.6\\]\n p-value p = 0.0019 p = 0.0003\n Surgery \n Optimal, n = 65 226 \\[35.8--3608\\] 198.5 \\[11.3--14199\\]\n Suboptimal, n = 25 543 \\[53.9--2556\\] 543 \\[20.4--10000\\]\n p-value p = 0.0047 p = 0.0004\n DFS \n Yes, n = 68 242.5 \\[35.8--1500\\] 264.6 \\[11.3--14199\\]\n No, n = 22 389.9 \\[53.9--3608\\] 536.5 \\[20.4--1000\\]\n p-value p = 0.0429 p = 0.0171\n 2-year survival \n Yes, n = 65 239 \\[35.8--1500\\] 227.6 \\[11.3--10000\\]\n No, n = 25 385.2 \\[53.9--3608\\] 536 \\[20.4--14199\\]\n p-value p = 0.1289 p = 0.0269\n Platinum sensitive, n = 63 239 \\[35.7--1500\\] 215 \\[11.3--14199\\]\n Platinum resistant, n = 27 455 \\[53.9--3608\\] 535 \\[20.4--1000\\]\n p-value p = 0.0354 p = 0.018\n\nComparing the age, disease advancement, cellular diversity, histopathological type, surgical outcome, presence of clinical remission, two-year survival and platinum sensitivity, we noted statistically significant differences for both HE4 and CA 125 in almost all of the cases. ",
"Only in the assessment of two-year survival were there no differences in the median values with regard to HE4 between the patients who survived or did not survive two years from the diagnosis.",
"\n\nHE4 and CA 125 in predicting surgical outcome, platinum resistance, surgical outcome, two-year survival and disease-free survival (DFS) {#sec013}\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo determine the predictive capabilities of HE4 and CA 125 obtained prior to the start of the therapy, we used two statistical methods: calculated the ROC curves and assessed the value of the area under the curve (AUC), [Fig 1](#pone.0194270.g001){ref-type=\"fig\"} and traded on the logistic regression model.",
"\n\n{#pone.0194270.g001}\n\nAmong the analyzed patients, 63 were considered platinum-sensitive (responders) and 27 were platinum---refractory and platinum-resistant (non-responders). ",
"The predictive abilities with regard to platinum sensitivity for HE and CA 125 were the following: HE4 AUC = 0.644 for all the patients, HE4 AUC = 0.627 for the patients after PDS and HE4 AUC = 0.53 for the patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ",
"The respective values for CA 125 were 0.657, 0.547 and 0.619. ",
"From a group of 90 patients, 65 underwent optimal cytoreductive surgery, and 25 were suboptimal. ",
"An assessment of surgical outcome using the analyzed parameters in our material yielded the following results: HE4 AUC = 0.705 for all of the patients; HE4 AUC = 0.846 for the patients after primary surgical treatment and HE4 AUC = 0.452 for the patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ",
"For the compared CA 125 markers, the AUC values were 0.697, 0.819 and 0.471. ",
"The assessment of the ability to predict the two-year survival among the patients with ovarian cancer using HE4 yielded the following results: HE4 AUC 0.608 for all the 90 studied subjects, HE4 AUC 0.479 for the patients after surgical treatment, HE4 AUC = 0.498 for the NACT group, and for CA 125, 0.654, 0.33 and 0.681, respectively. ",
"Initially, 68 women obtained disease-free survival (DFS), and 22 patients presented with no remission. ",
"The ability to predict DFS with HE4 and CA 125 markers assessed by ROC and AUC were as follows: HE4 AUC = 0.637 for all of the patients; HE4 AUC = 0.586 for the surgically treated patients and HE4 AUC = 0.52 for the NACT group. ",
"The area under the curves for CA 125 in the measured parameter amount were, respectively, 0.671, 0.537 and 0.617.",
"\n\nHE4 and CA 125 impact on OS and PFS {#sec014}\n-----------------------------------\n\nThe studied cohort of patients was subjected to dichotomization based on the HE4 and CA 125 levels measured in various stages of patient treatment:\n\n- The median value of the initial marker levels (HE4 = 307 pmol/L; CA 125 = 683 mIU/L),\n\n- 75th percentile of the initial marker levels (HE4 = 683 pmol/L; CA 125 = 682 mIU/L),\n\n- 50% reduction (or lack thereof) in the marker levels after surgery in the group of patients who received primary surgical treatment (PDS),\n\n- normalization of the marker levels after the 3^rd^ course of chemotherapy among the patients after primary surgical treatment,\n\n- 50% reduction (or lack thereof) in the marker levels before interval debulking surgery in the group of patients after neoadjuvant treatment (NACT),\n\n- normalization of the markers after the end of treatment---the last chemotherapy.",
"\n\nThe survival analysis was conducted based on the Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank comparisons, and the most interesting results are presented on Figs [2](#pone.0194270.g002){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [3](#pone.0194270.g003){ref-type=\"fig\"}.",
"\n\n{#pone.0194270.g002}\n\n{#pone.0194270.g003}\n\nThe duration of PFS was significantly influenced by the values of both neoplastic markers before treatment (median and 75. ",
"percentile) and the normalization of the marker levels after the end of therapy. ",
"However, there was no impact of the 50% reduction in HE4 and CA 125 levels after the first surgical treatment, the normalization of the HE4 levels after the third course of chemotherapy (p = 0.5618) and the 50% reduction in CA 125 (p = 0.2856) and HE4 (p = 0.1215) levels before the interval cytoreductive surgery. ",
"The normalization of the CA 125 concentration after the 3^rd^ course of postoperative chemotherapy significantly correlated with the prolonged PFS (p = 0.0154). ",
"The impact of the analyzed HE4 marker on the overall patient survival (OS) was significant in almost all of the analyzed subgroups after dichotomization, except for the 50% reduction after surgery (p = 0.2084). ",
"The preoperative levels of CA 125 (median; p = 0.0425, 75. ",
"percentile), the normalization of the values after last chemotherapy and a 50% reduction after surgery (p = 0.0051) had an impact on the OS. ",
"The overall survival was not influenced by the normalization of the CA 125 marker after the third course or by the 50% reduction before IDS.",
"\n\nWe conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in order to assess the influence of widely recognized, standard prognostic factors, as well as the levels of the HE4 marker measured and analyzed during the treatment on PFS and OS ([Table 3](#pone.0194270.t003){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0194270.t003\n\n###### Cox regression analyses of the progression-free survival and overall survival of classic prognostic factors and HE4.",
"\n\n![](",
"pone.0194270.t003){#pone.0194270.t003g}\n\n ------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------- ------------- --------- -------- ------------- ---------\n Univariate analysis (Cox regression model) \n\n PFS OS \n\n HR 95% CI p-value HR 95% CI p-value \n\n Age 1.02 0.99--1.05 0.1538 1.05 1.01--1.08 0.0045\n\n Stage I, II vs. III, IV 3.59 1.65--7.81 0.0013 4.64 1.41--15.3 0.0115\n\n Grade 1,2 vs. 3 1.54 0.83--2.66 0.17 1.12 0.55--2.26 0.7607\n\n Residual disease\\ 2.29 1.18--4.44 0.0141 1.45 0.69--3 0.3209\n O-1 vs. \\>1 \n\n Histopathology serous vs. other 2.66 0.9507.49 0.0634 0.97 0.37--2.53 0.9515\n\n HE4--median before diagnosis 2.96 1.56--5.62 0.0009 1.88 0.91--3.88 0.0087\n\n HE4--75 percentile before diagnosis 2.44 1.26--4.74 0.0062 1.77 0.84--3.7 0.1287\n\n HE4-normalization after chemotherapy 0.46 0.25--0.84 0.0125 0.08 0.02--0.25 0.0003\n\n HE4- 50% reduction after surgery (PDS) 0.64 0.21--1.95 0.4361 0.21 0.04--1.07 0.0604\n\n HE4-50% reduction before IDS (NACT) 0.25 0.11--0.59 0.0017 0.39 0.16--0.98 0.0469\n\n HE4-normalisation after 3 course of cht. (",
"PDS) 1.38 0.45--4.15 0.5698 0.99 0.22--4.47 0.9966\n\n Multivariate analysis (Cox regression model) \n\n PFS OS \n\n HR 95% CI p-value HR 95% CI p-value \n\n Age 1.48 0.56--3.89 0.4287 1.04 1.0--1.07 0.0137\n\n Stage I, II vs. III, IV 2.88 1.21--6.85 0.0164 5.24 1.47--18.61 0.0105\n\n Grade 1,2 vs. 3 1.42 0.73--2.77 0.3033 0.96 0.46--1.99 0.9156\n\n Residual disease\\ 3.9 1.28--12.21 0.0471 0.9 0.41--1.95 0.7912\n O-1 vs. \\>1 \n\n Histopathology serous vs. other 1.77 0.6--5.26 0.2984 0.49 0.18--1.42 0.1925\n\n HE4 --median before diagnosis 1.49 0.66--3.36 0.3367 1.97 0.81--4.83 0.1344\n\n HE4--75 percentile before diagnosis 1.17 0.54--2.52 0.698 1.25 0.55--2.85 0.5846\n\n HE4-normalization after chemotherapy 0.29 0.15--0.61 0.00008 0.08 0.02--0.27 0.00005\n\n HE4- 50% reduction after surgery (PDS) 0.7 0.18--2.69 0.6068 0.44 0.06--2.83 0.389\n\n HE4-50%reduction before IDS (NACT) 0.23 0.09--0.59 0.0024 0.59 0.19--1.78 0.3464\n\n HE4-normalisation after 3 course of cht. (",
"PDS) 2.53 0.69--9.28 0.1601 0.32 0.05--2.04 0.2297\n ------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------- ------------- --------- -------- ------------- ---------\n\nWe found in both the univariate and the multivariate analyses that among all of the selected prognostic factors, the degree of clinical advancement and residual disease exerted the strongest influence on PFS. ",
"However, age and the degree of advancement of malignant disease exerts the greatest influence on overall survival. ",
"Among the analyzed concentrations of the HE4 marker, the univariate analysis demonstrated a significant influence of HE4 on the selected survival parameters with respect to PFS (baseline values above and below median---HR = 2.96, p = 0.0009; baseline values above and below 75. ",
"percentile---HR = 2.44, p = 0.0062; normalization after the end of treatment---HR = 0.46, p = 0.0125; 50% reduction before IDS---HR = 0.25, p = 0.0017) and with respect to the OS (baseline values above and below median---HR = 1.88, p = 0.0087; normalization after the end of treatment---HR = 0.08, p = 0.0003; 50% reduction before IDS---HR = 0.39, p = 0.0469). ",
"In the multivariate analysis comparison of the well-established prognostic factors with the selected new factors, based on the HE4 measurements, the prolongation of PFS and OS was significantly influenced (HR = 0.29, p = 0.00008 and HR = 0.08, p = 0.00005, respectively) by the normalization of the HE4 marker after the end of treatment, that is, after the last course of chemotherapy, and a 50% reduction before IDS in the group treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly extended the time to disease progression (HR = 0.23, p = 0.0024).",
"\n\nDiscussion {#sec015}\n==========\n\nNeoplastic marker HE4 is undoubtedly one of most popular markers studied by researchers with interest in biomarkers in gynecological oncology \\[[@pone.0194270.ref007]--[@pone.0194270.ref010]\\]. ",
"This protein was first identified in epithelial cells of the epididymis. ",
"This protein's function, despite numerous studies conducted to date, has not been clearly established. ",
"However, it seems that among other things, the protein participates in the processes of cellular growth. ",
"Probably HE4 modulate protease activity, and it will affect a wide variety of cellular functions, since proteases are essential for many biological processes including growth factor signaling \\[[@pone.0194270.ref011]--[@pone.0194270.ref012]\\]. ",
"It is possible that HE4 from different tissues may preferentially exist in different forms, thus possessing different functions \\[[@pone.0194270.ref013]\\]. ",
"In neoplastic disease, it might additionally participate in the processes of adhesion, migration and the promotion of tumor growth \\[[@pone.0194270.ref014]\\]. ",
"Many studies corroborated the effectiveness of HE4 in the preoperative diagnostics of patients with ovarian tumors and verified its specificity, which is significantly higher than that of CA 125 \\[[@pone.0194270.ref009],[@pone.0194270.ref010],[@pone.0194270.ref015]\\].",
"\n\nRecent publications assessing the prognostic capabilities associated with this marker began to appear \\[[@pone.0194270.ref016]--[@pone.0194270.ref020]\\]. ",
"However, to date, such reports remain scarce, and there are only approximately 20 published studies, often on small groups of patients. ",
"The study group sizes varied from 8 to 275 women, while in only a small number of reports, the number of study participants was equal to or higher than 90 \\[[@pone.0194270.ref016]--[@pone.0194270.ref035]\\]. ",
"This fact clearly impacts the diversity of the results. ",
"However, all of the works underscore the statistically demonstrated value of HE4 as a prognostic factor \\[[@pone.0194270.ref022]--[@pone.0194270.ref028]\\]. ",
"In the analyses published to date, the authors utilize various laboratory techniques/tests (Fujirebio, Abbott, Roche) and diverse statistical methods, which may impedes a proper comparison of the results, influencing the absolute values of the marker itself, as well as the cut-off points set by the authors, which should not be adopted by other researchers who use different types of tests. ",
"Among the statistical methods, the most commonly applied tests include the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, ROC curves and regression models with uni- or multivariate analysis. ",
"The majority of reports published to date are retrospective in nature. ",
"Taking all of those factors into consideration, it seems that there is still room for research on this problem. ",
"It appears that our prospective study, consisting of 90 patients and based on a relatively long follow-up time, might aid in determining the ultimate value of the HE4 marker as a prognostic factor. ",
"In our study, we conducted a large number of analyses using various cut-off points at different stages of the first-line treatment and utilized the majority of known statistical methods assessing the value of the studied parameter as a prognostic factor (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis). ",
"Using the ROC and AUC analyses, we demonstrated that the HE4 marker might be a good predictor of platinum sensitivity, complete clinical remission and surgical outcome. ",
"Other authors also utilized this statistical method \\[[@pone.0194270.ref018],[@pone.0194270.ref023],[@pone.0194270.ref027],[@pone.0194270.ref029],[@pone.0194270.ref030]\\]. ",
"Vallius et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref029]\\] only studied patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer subjected to neoadjuvant treatment (25 women). ",
"These researchers showed that an assessment of this marker before interval cytoreductive surgery (AUC = 0.877) was of greater diagnostic value than a preoperative evaluation. ",
"Our group of patients subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were very similar to that studied by Vallius et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref029]\\], consisting of 42 patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy after a primary diagnostic laparoscopy or exploratory laparotomy. ",
"However, our results were different, and in this particular group, the predictive value of the HE4 marker was not statistically, significant, and the AUC value before cytoreductive surgery amounted to 0.452. ",
"However, in the PDS group, the prediction of surgical success was excellent (AUC = 0.846), as in the study by Angioli et al \\[[@pone.0194270.ref030]\\], demonstrating very similar results with a prediction of optimal cytoreduction using the HE4 marker, reaching an AUC = 0.861. ",
"Nassir et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref023]\\] published results demonstrating that the HE4 marker may predict disease recurrence within 12 months from the end of chemotherapy (AUC = 0.801), as well as during the first 6 months from the end of treatment (AUC = 0.719). ",
"In our study, it was also possible to assess platinum sensitivity using the HE4 protein, although the value of the area under curve was lower than in the cited publications (AUC = 0.644, p = 0.0351). ",
"In the studies by Braicu et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref027]\\] on the plasma HE4 concentration, the AUC for residual disease was 0.634. ",
"We also used another statistical method, a logistic regression model to test the predictive power of HE4 in this cohort. ",
"We found that HE4 protein can predict platinum sensitivity and DFS occurrence but not the surgical outcome and 2-years survival.",
"\n\nThe assessment of survival using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log rank test is a popular method of evaluating the effectiveness of therapy and comparing the predictive factors. ",
"Using this statistical method, we showed that the time to progression was correlated with the preoperative HE4 values (shorter by at least several months in patients whose preoperative HE4 concentrations were above the median-- 307 pmol/L, or the 75. ",
"percentile-- 682 pmol/L, or without normalization of the marker after the end of chemotherapy). ",
"In our study, the overall survival also depended on the baseline HE4 values and the normalization after the last course of chemotherapy, but the analysis additionally revealed that the normalization of the marker values after the third course of chemotherapy, as well as a 50% reduction in the patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prolonged the overall survival by over 20 months. ",
"As in our study, many authors demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between the HE4 values and the PFS and OS \\[[@pone.0194270.ref021],[@pone.0194270.ref022],[@pone.0194270.ref027],[@pone.0194270.ref032],[@pone.0194270.ref033]\\]. ",
"In the majority of the cases, the authors analyzed the influence of HE4 on PFS and OS based on the preoperative concentrations of this marker \\[[@pone.0194270.ref021],[@pone.0194270.ref022],[@pone.0194270.ref032],[@pone.0194270.ref033]\\]. ",
"Paek et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref031]\\] assumed the normal HE4 values were at the level of 70 pmol/L and observed that these values significantly influenced the PFS but not the overall survival. ",
"In their Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Kaijser et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref021]\\] demonstrated the impact of the preoperative HE4 values on OS and PFS, although this influence was not confirmed in the multivariate analysis. ",
"Kong et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref033]\\] set the median of the preoperative HE4 concentrations and, based on this value, concluded that patients with protein levels above the median were characterized by a shorter time to disease progression. ",
"However, in their publication, the median value was very low and equaled only 98.7 pM, as opposed to our studies (307 pmol/L) and the studies by Trudel et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref022]\\] (394 pmol/L). ",
"In the study by Trudel et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref022]\\], the values above the median were associated with a significantly shorter time to progression (p = 0.0003) and overall survival time (p = 0.004).",
"\n\nThe results of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log rank test were additionally compared in the univariate and, above all, the multivariate logistic regression analysis. ",
"In the univariate analysis, we corroborated the influence of the preoperative values and the normalization of the HE4 marker after the end of chemotherapy on PFS. ",
"Moreover, in this analysis, the 50% reduction before the interval cytoreductive surgery was significantly correlated with the time to disease progression. ",
"However, in the multivariate analysis, compared with the standard prognostic values, the following factors influenced the time to progression, including the normalization of the HE4 marker after the last course of chemotherapy and the 50% reduction before interval surgery (IDS). ",
"Similar results were obtained for overall survival, but the multivariate analysis statistical significance was confirmed only for the normalization of the marker levels after the end of the first-line treatment (HR = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.02--0.27, p = 0.00005). ",
"As in our studies, other authors also demonstrated the prognostic value of the HE4 marker in both the uni- and multivariate analysis. ",
"Regarding the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the majority only studied the influence of the preoperative HE4 levels \\[[@pone.0194270.ref021],[@pone.0194270.ref022],[@pone.0194270.ref025],[@pone.0194270.ref029],[@pone.0194270.ref031]--[@pone.0194270.ref033]\\]. ",
"However, Steffensen et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref025]\\] examined the influence of the HE4 values measured immediately after surgical treatment but before the commencement of chemotherapy on the survival parameters of the patients with ovarian cancer. ",
"These researchers demonstrated that the HE4 value before first-line chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor, and values above the median correlated with a shorter time to progression (HR = 1.77, p = 0.04) and overall survival time (HR = 3.17, p = 0.005). ",
"Vallius et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref029]\\] studied a group of women treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and demonstrated that surgical outcome correlated with the concentrations of the marker measured immediately before IDS, not at the time of diagnosis. ",
"Moreover, a reduction over 80% exerted a statistically significant influence on the overall patient survival. ",
"The authors suggested that HE4 concentrations before IDS might be used to decide on the implementation of cytoreductive surgery or second-line chemotherapy. ",
"Recent studies by Nassir et al. ",
"\\[[@pone.0194270.ref023]\\] showed that the assessment of the HE4 marker during follow-up after treatment might successfully predict disease relapse within the first 12 months from treatment.",
"\n\nIn the majority of reports, there is a consensus as to the prognostic significance of serum HE4 measurements in the preoperative period \\[[@pone.0194270.ref021],[@pone.0194270.ref022],[@pone.0194270.ref031],[@pone.0194270.ref033]--[@pone.0194270.ref035]\\], although a small number of studies performed to date corroborate the significance of HE4 levels assessed in the postoperative period \\[[@pone.0194270.ref025]\\], after first-line chemotherapy \\[[@pone.0194270.ref029]\\] or during follow-up after treatment \\[[@pone.0194270.ref023]\\]. ",
"This topic certainly requires broader investigation based on an analysis of a large study group. ",
"However, given the short time period in which the marker has been officially approved for the diagnostics and monitoring of treatment, large prospective studies and meta-analyses are expected in the coming years.",
"\n\nThe main novelty lies not only in the assessment of pre-operative HE4 levels, but also in the assessment of HE4 concentrations at different times during the first line therapy and its relationship with the response to treatment. ",
"It seems that a very important result of our work is the fact that PFS and OS are affected not by the initial HE4 value but by the fact that it normalized after the first line chemotherapy, which has not been described so far. ",
"The significance of 50% reductions in the HE4 concentration before the interval debulking surgery has not been described yet.",
"\n\nConclusions {#sec016}\n===========\n\nBased on the conducted studies and literature review, it seems that regular measurements of the HE4 marker during the first-line treatment of ovarian cancer may be of prognostic significance for patients. ",
"Preoperative HE4 values are also associated with the outcome of surgical treatment and platinum sensitivity. ",
"The normalization of HE4 marker levels after the end of treatment and a reduction of HE4 concentrations by 50% before interval cytoreductive surgery are strong predictive factors with regard to time to progression, as well as overall survival time, corroborating the value of HE4 as an independent prognostic factor.",
"\n\nSupporting information {#sec017}\n======================\n\n###### Database.",
"\n\n(PDF)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.",
"\n\nThanks are due to the staff of the Central Laboratory SPSK No 2 Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin for carrying out the tumor-marker assays.",
"\n\n[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no completing interests exist.",
"\n"
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[
"Karl Blossfeldt’s early twentieth-century work focused on exploring vegetal form through magnified photography. ",
"These plant forms then became source material for the designers of the early art nouveau movement.",
"\n\nThe photographs were reintroduced as source material for formal investigations in the 3-D computational environment of Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. ",
"The scripts that resulted were explorations into how vegetal form can be pushed by the tools available to propose new and novel forms. ",
"The work and research done for the project was formalized into a published paper at the 2011 International Symposium on Algorithmic Design for Architecture and Urban Design (ALGODE 2011). ",
"You can read the paper here Six Scrips for Karl Blossfeldt"
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[
"Thomas Glendenning Hamilton\n\nThomas Glendenning Hamilton (November 27, 1873 – April 7, 1935) was a Canadian doctor, school board trustee and member of the Manitoba legislature. ",
"He was also a Spiritualist and is best known for the thousands of photographs he took during séances held in his home in Winnipeg in the early 1900s. ",
" His wife, Lillian May Hamilton, and his daughter, Margaret Hamilton Bach, were co-researchers and continued this enquiry into life after death after he died.",
"\n\nLife\n\nT.G. Hamilton was born in 1873, in Agincourt (now part of Toronto), the son of James Hamilton and Isabella Glendenning. ",
" When T.G. was ten, the Hamiltons and their six children moved to Saskatchewan to homestead near Saskatoon. ",
" Not long after two tragedies occurred in rapid succession: T.G.’s father died in 1885 and a year later T.G.'s sister Margaret died of typhoid fever. ",
" This and the availability of educational opportunities elsewhere led the family to abandon Saskatchewan in 1891 to move to Winnipeg. ",
" T.G. was educated at Manitoba College and the Manitoba Medical College, graduating as an M.D. from the latter in 1903. ",
" He lectured in medical jurisprudence and clinical surgery at the Manitoba Medical College, and was an assistant surgeon at the Winnipeg General Hospital. ",
"He married Lillian May Forrester three years later and in 1910 set up a private medical practice in a home, later known as Hamilton House, located on what is now Henderson Highway in Elmwood, a suburb of Winnipeg. ",
" He and Lillian had four children: Margaret, Glen and in 1915, twins, Arthur Lamont and James Drummond. ",
" In terms of religion, the Hamiltons were Presbyterian and later members of the United Church of Canada.",
"\n\nBesides being a respected medical practitioner in his own city, Hamilton became a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons in 1920, president of the Manitoba Medical Association in 1921-22 and founder and first editor of the Manitoba Medical Bulletin, and president of the Canadian Medical Association in 1922. ",
" He was an elder of King Memorial church for 28 years. ",
"T.G. served on the Public School Board for nine years from 1906 to 1915, one year as chairman. ",
"T.G. was the first president of the University of Manitoba Alumni Association in 1921 and became the first president of the Winnipeg Society for Psychical Research in 1931.",
"\n\nHamilton also served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1915 to 1920 as a member of the Liberal Party. ",
"He first sought election to the Manitoba legislature in the 1914 provincial election, and lost to Conservative Harry Mewhirter by 364 votes in the Elmwood constituency. ",
" He ran again in the 1915 election, and defeated new Conservative candidate D. Munro by 1,453 votes. ",
" The Liberals won a landslide majority in this election, and Hamilton served as a backbench supporter of Tobias Norris's government for the next five years.",
"\n\nHamilton sought re-election in the 1920 provincial election, in the restructured ten-member constituency of Winnipeg. ",
" Members were elected by a single transferable ballot. ",
" Hamilton finished in twentieth place on the first count with 786 votes, and was eliminated on the 22nd count.",
"\n\nParanormal investigations\n\nIn 1918 W.T. Allison, a professor of English at the University of Manitoba and a close friend of T.G., returned from a visit to American medium Pearl Curran. ",
" He passed on his interest and enthusiasm for spiritual communication to T.G. This may never have amounted to more than a passing interest had not fate intervened. ",
" In 1919, one of T.G.’s twin sons, Arthur, died at the age of three, a victim of the Spanish flu. ",
" T.G.’s daughter Margaret attributed the family’s lifelong search for life after death to this event. ",
" Her father’s grief was profound; her mother, having read Frederic William Henry Myers's book Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death, encouraged her husband to investigate the phenomenon.",
"\n\nT.G. started with the use of Ouija board and experiments with mental telepathy with his United Church minister, Reverend Daniel Normal McLachlan. ",
" The family’s first medium was their Scottish nanny, Elizabeth Poole. ",
" She started out by using the Ouija board, but moved on in 1920 when the family was introduced to table tipping, where a table would stop tipping when the “correct” letter was pronounced aloud, somewhat akin to the Ouija board. ",
" This led to investigations into telekinesis, or the movement of physical objects through mental exertions. ",
" By now T.G. had established a separate room on the 2nd floor of the house which was to be kept locked at all times when it was not in use. ",
" T.G. wanted to investigate paranormal phenomena such as rappings, psychokinesis, ectoplasms, and materializations under scientific conditions that would minimize any possibility of error. ",
"A red bulb in the centre of the room provided light. ",
"A bank of about a dozen cameras were focussed on the side of the room where activity was to take place, their shutters open, waiting for Hamilton to set off a flash in order for them to all take photos at the same time. ",
" A three sided wooden cabinet that T.G. constructed open on one side was used in the telekinesis experiments, where Mrs. Poole would charge a small table by laying her hands on it, causing it to move from the cabinet.",
"\n\nBy 1928, Mrs. Poole introduced the Hamilton family to two Scottish sisters-in-law, Mary Ann Marshall (1880-1963) and Susan Marshall, also known as Dawn and Mercedes. ",
"These two women became regular mediums at the Hamiltons’ “home circles.” ",
"The family would invite friends and members of the community to participate in their séances. ",
" Many of the persons who attended the home circles were also doctors and businessmen, such as celebrated lawyer Isaac Pitblado and Rh blood specialist Dr. Bruce Chown. ",
" The first table rappings and table tiltings of “Elizabeth M,” as Mrs. Poole was known, were followed by clairvoyance, trance states, automatic writing, visions, then the manifestations of materializations, wax molds, bell ringing and finally in 1928, ectoplasms. ",
"As a spiritualist Hamilton believed the ectoplasms to be materializations from the spirit world. ",
" He photographed the ectoplasm and Lillian took notes of what occurred in the 2nd floor room in Hamilton House. ",
"Margaret also served as recording secretary for many of her father's experiments.",
"\n\nAt first T.G. and Lillian's investigations into the paranormal were held in secret. ",
" But T.G. went public in 1926, delivering a lecture on his research on telekinesis to the Winnipeg Medical Society. ",
"From that time until his death, Hamilton delivered eighty-six lectures and wrote numerous articles published in Canada and abroad. ",
"His fame spread and the Hamilton family's work became known in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States. ",
" Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and Americans Mina Crandon, the medium known as “Margery,” and her husband L.R.G. Crandon, all travelled to Winnipeg to participate in the Hamiltons’ séances. ",
"Among those who worked with Dr Hamilton were Ada Turner and her adopted son Harold Turner.",
"\nHarold or \"Norman\" as he is called in the Hamilton records was interviewed by Norman James Williamson about his experience with the Hamilton group in 1982. ",
"When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes series, came to Winnipeg as part of a cross North American tour in 1923, he attended one of the Hamiltons’ home circles. ",
"Even after his death, the Hamiltons tried to contact Conan Doyle by mediumship. ",
"In 1935, T.G. Hamilton died suddenly of a heart attack. ",
" His wife Lillian and his daughter Margaret continued his work. ",
" Lillian and her son James Drummond produced a summary of T.G.’s work in the book Intention and Survival, published in 1942. ",
" When Lillian died in 1956, her daughter Margaret carried on. ",
" She wrote a series of articles in 1957 for Psychic News in England. ",
" These thirteen articles were collected in a booklet and also circulated to daily papers throughout Canada. ",
" Margaret later produced a second edition of Intention and Survival in 1977; a third edition came out in 1980.",
"\n\nArchival legacy\n\nThe Hamilton family left a rich legacy. ",
"Lillian compiled several scrapbooks of photos and other materials for her children. ",
" Margaret, however, was the one who collected all the papers from the family dealing with their paranormal research and deposited these with the University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections. ",
" The family's fonds, or papers, consist of 2.5 linear metres of textual and other materials, and include scrapbooks, séance attendance records and registers, affidavits, automatic writings, correspondence, speeches and lectures, news clippings, journal articles, photographs, glass plate negatives and positives, prints, slides, audio tapes, manuscripts and promotional materials related to major publications. ",
" The materials date from 1919-1986 and since their deposit have been supplemented by other related collections. ",
" A companion research grant established by the Hamilton family provides funds for researchers to travel to Winnipeg to study these and other archival collections.",
"\n\nAlthough these archives have held a strong attraction for those interested in the paranormal, more significantly they have had a very powerful effect in stimulating artistic and cultural expressions. ",
" T.G.’s photographs have captured the imagination of many curators. ",
" His photos have appeared in art exhibits throughout Canada, from the Dunlop Art Gallery in Regina, Saskatchewan, to the Prefix Institute of Contemporary Art in Toronto, Ontario. ",
" Internationally his photos were included in the exhibit \"Spiritus\" at Magasin3 Stockholm Konsthall in Sweden in 2003. ",
" In 2005 they appeared in the exhibition “The Perfect Medium: Photography and the Occult,” held at the Maison européenne de la photographie in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. ",
"Later that year they were featured in the Symposium “Dark Rooms: Photography and Invisibility,” hosted by Princeton University. ",
" T.G.’s photographs and the Hamilton family’s archives are a major component of the work of Belfast artist Susan MacWilliam to appear in the 2009 Venice Biennale. ",
" They are also featured in the book: Susan MacWilliam: Remote Viewing (2009).",
"\n\nBeyond art exhibitions, the Hamilton archives have stimulated work in a number of other art forms. ",
" In 2007, the archives were the focus of the play “The Elmwood Visitation” by Winnipeg playwright Carolyn Gray, which won the playwright the Manitoba Day Award for excellence in archival research from the Association for Manitoba Archives. ",
" This play was later published by Scirocco Drama under the same name. ",
" The archives of the Hamilton family also provided the historic theme for the novel Widows of Hamilton House by Christina Penner in 2008. ",
" T.G.’s photos have appeared in films, including Winnipeg filmmaker Guy Maddin’s My Winnipeg (2008) and the more commercial horror film The Haunting in Connecticut (2009), among others. ",
" Numerous television shows have featured T.G. and his photographs. ",
" The television series Northern Mysteries included Hamilton in the episode entitled “Spiritualism” in 2005 and Hamilton was the focus of the television documentary “Chasing Hamilton’s Ghost,” as part of the Manitoba Moments series in 2005.",
"\n\nClaims of fraud\n\nSkeptics suggest that the ectoplasm shown in the photographs could be made of tissue paper and cut-out photographs of people. ",
"However, if fraud occurred, it is not known who executed it. ",
"Chris Rutkowski points out that Hamilton was well-respected during his lifetime for his scientific methods.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n Hamilton, Margaret Lillian. ",
"Is Survival a Fact? ",
"Studies of Deep-trance Automatic Scripts and the Bearing of Intentional Actions by the Trance Personalities on the Question of Human Survival. ",
"London: Psychic Press, 1969.",
"\nHamilton, T. Glen. ",
"Intention and Survival: Psychical Research Studies and the Bearing of Intentional Actions by Trance Personalities on the Problem of Human Survival, edited by J.D. Hamilton. ",
"Toronto: Macmillan, 1942. ",
"\nHamilton, T. Glen. ",
"Intention and Survival: Psychical Research Studies and the Bearing of Intentional Actions by Trance Personalities on the Problem of Human Survival, 2nd Edition, edited by Margaret Lillian Hamilton. ",
"London: Regency Press, 1977. ",
"ISBN\n0721204902\nMcMullin, Stan. ",
"Anatomy of a Seance: A History of Spirit Communication in Central Canada. ",
"Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2004.",
"\n\nExternal links\n University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections, “Hamilton Family fonds” – a description of the Hamilton family archives\n University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections, “Hamilton Family fonds Digitized Material” – includes over 700 photos\n – a selection of photographs set to music\n Manitoba Historical Society, “Thomas Glendenning Hamilton (1873-1935)”\nSurvival Research Institute of Canada, “Thomas Glendenning Hamilton (1873-1935) and Family” – information on T.G. Hamilton and the Hamilton family\n\nCategory:1873 births\nCategory:1935 deaths\nCategory:Canadian spiritualists\nCategory:Manitoba Liberal Party MLAs\nCategory:Paranormal investigators\nCategory:Parapsychologists\nCategory:University of Manitoba alumni"
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[
"Cat Tips\n\nFur balls occur when cats clean themselves, ingesting their own fur. ",
"While these are common, be sure to brush your cat's coat on a regular basis so that this doesn't lead to serious, and even fatal, problems.",
"\n\nCute Cats\n\nName: Chloe\n\nAge: 8 Weeks\n\nBreed:\n\nOwner: Jeannie Ching\n\nHometown: Simi Valley, CA\n\nLikes: Chasing laser light\n\nDislikes: Cutting her nails\n\nJeannie Ching says:\n\nChloe may look adorable, cute and innocent, but she's really not. ",
"At times her 3 yr old brother will get in trouble and yelled at for something we thought he did or started, but actually it was all along Chloe doing. ",
"She is one mischievous girl."
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[
"Q:\n\nWhy was this question put on hold?",
"\n\nI was about to answer this question:\nTesting the second type of equations of Lagrangian Mechanics\nwhen I refreshed the page and saw it was put on hold as off-topic. ",
"Now, it might be a duplicate (although I can't find one) but I don't think it is directly off-topic and is asking a reasonable question: why do the E-L equations not work if you substitute in on-shell values for the velocity?",
"\n(OP has clearly recently discovered Lagrangian mechanics and is a bit confused about the whole thing, so they don't make this point clearly but it is the heart of their question. ",
"Perhaps this counts as insufficient prior research, although that seems a quite high bar to me.)",
"\n\nA:\n\nAfter various improvements, I agree with OP that his question contains an underlying conceptional issue, and have therefore reopened it. ",
"\n\n"
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[
"Does reaching the back reflect the actual internal rotation of the shoulder?",
"\nTo clarify the relationship between the vertebral level reached by the thumb and the internal rotation angle of the humerus, 7 shoulders in healthy volunteers were examined by use of an electromagnetic tracking device. ",
"Measurements were repeated in the hanging-arm position with the thumb pointing anteriorly and at the buttock, sacrum, and each vertebral level up to T6. ",
"From the hanging-arm position to the buttock, 54.3% of internal rotation occurred (mean, 39.8 degrees ), and from the buttock to the sacrum, 11.7% occurred (mean, 8.6 degrees ). ",
"In total, 66% of internal rotation occurred from the hanging-arm position to the sacrum. ",
"Above the sacrum, the contribution of elbow flexion to the level of the vertebral spine became much greater, and internal rotation of the shoulder did not change significantly above the T12 level. ",
"We recommend that the level of the thumb below the buttock be subdivided for more accurate assessment of internal rotation."
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[
"Jesse Teplicki, who was arrested in 2013 for growing marijuana, was found not guilty by a jury on Monday. ",
"After just 30 minutes of deliberating, the jury delivered its verdict, making Florida history. ",
"Teplicki says he uses pot to treat his severe anorexia, and thus became the first man in the state's history to successfully use as a defense the concept that pot was medically necessary.",
"\n\n\"This was a groundbreaking case, and we're very pleased that the jury acquitted Mr. Teplicki on all charges,\" said attorney Michael Minardi. \"",
"The evidence showed he was using cannabis to help him manage a serious and painful medical condition which he has endured for years.\"",
"\n\nTeplicki, 50, who says he's smoked marijuana for medical reasons for the past 33 years, has said that his anorexia is so severe, he has no appetite at all. ",
"The marijuana, he says, stimulates his appetite and reduces nausea. ",
"In 2013, going off an anonymous tip, Broward Sheriff's Office deputies found a grow house in his home, where he was growing 46 marijuana plants.",
"\n\nSee also: New Medical Marijuana Bill Introduced by GOP Rep. Jeff Brandes\n\nFollowing his arrest and charge, prosecutors gave Teplicki a probationary offer, but he turned it down.",
"\n\n\"Jesse didn't want to take the prosecution's offer because he's a family man, not a criminal,\" Minardi told New Times. \"",
"He leads a good life and is a good family man. ",
"The marijuana is for medical reasons.\"",
"\n\nTeplicki says that to treat the disorder as a child, he was given anabolic steroids, which worked for some time. ",
"But continued use of the steroids caused liver scarring and cysts, as well as other serious side effects. ",
"Teplicki then began using cannabis as a form of treatment instead, allowing him to live a pain-free, normal life. ",
"When all medicines either failed or made things worse, marijuana has helped and healed.",
"\n\nFor the defense, Minardi and partner Kelley Kronenberg were able to use several hours of testimony from Dr. Denis Petro, a board-certified neurologist who has conducted clinical trials, testified, and written extensively about the medical benefits of marijuana.",
"\n\n\"We obviously believe Jesse wouldn't be alive today if not for marijuana,\" Minardi says.",
"\n\nThe verdict comes just as the Florida Legislature is about to take up the legality of medical marijuana with a Senate bill filed by Sen. Jeff Brandes. ",
"If passed, the bill would authorize doctors to use medicinal marijuana to treat patients afflicted with specific illnesses, such as cancer, epilepsy, AIDS, ALS, Crohn's disease, and Parkinson's disease.",
"\n\nAccording to the proposed bill, there would be a license for cultivation and processing medical marijuana and another for selling it. ",
"The bill would also allow county commissioners throughout the state to decide where medical marijuana could be sold.",
"\n\nThe bill is being introduced on the tail of United for Care launching another petition drive to get medical marijuana on the 2016 ballot.",
"\n\nIn a statement Monday night, United for Care's Ben Pollara called Teplicki's not-guilty verdict a game changer for the start of the legislative session.",
"\n\n\"Legislative leaders in Tallahassee now have to look at medical marijuana through the lens of this precedent established by a Florida jury, in addition to the 58 percent of Floridians who voted for medical marijuana at the polls last November,\" Pollara said. \"",
"The medical use of marijuana is no longer solely a political issue with wide popular support; it is legal precedent in Florida courts. ",
"This ruling should be a message to the Legislature that they should act this session on establishing a medical marijuana system in our state so that sick and suffering Floridians don't have to fight in court for the right to use the medicine recommended by their doctors, as Mr. Teplicki did today.\"",
"\n\nSend your story tips to the author, Chris Joseph. ",
"Follow Chris Joseph on Twitter\n\nFollow @NewTimesBroward"
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[
"/* ************************************************************************** */\n/* */\n/* ::: :::::::: */\n/* ft_door.c :+: :+: :+: */\n/* +:+ +:+ +:+ */\n/* By: schapuis <[email protected]> +#+ +:+ +#+ */\n/* +#+#+#+#+#+ +#+ */\n/* Created: 2013/08/23 06:00:59 by schapuis #+# #+# */\n/* Updated: 2013/08/23 06:58:40 by schapuis ### ########.fr */\n/* */\n/* ************************************************************************** */\n#include \"ft_door.h\"\n\nvoid\tft_putstr(char *str)\n{\n\tint\t\ti;\n\tchar\tc;\n\n\ti = 0;\n\twhile (str[i])\n\t{\n\t\tc = str[i];\n\t\twrite(1, &c, 1);\n\t\ti++;\n\t}\n}\n\nft_bool\topen_door(t_door *door)\n{\n\tft_putstr(\"Door opening...\\n\");\n\tdoor->state = OPEN;\n\treturn (TRUE);\n}\n\nft_bool\tclose_door(t_door *door)\n{\n\tft_putstr(\"Door closing...\\n\");\n\tdoor->state = CLOSE;\n\treturn (TRUE);\n}\n\nft_bool\tis_door_open(t_door *door)\n{\n\tft_putstr(\"Door is open ?",
"\\n\");\n\tdoor->state = OPEN;\n\treturn (TRUE);\n}\n\nft_bool\tis_door_close(t_door *door)\n{\n\tft_putstr(\"Door is close ?",
"\\n\");\n\tdoor->state = CLOSE;\n\treturn (TRUE);\n}\n"
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"package com.ctrip.xpipe.redis.core.meta;\n\nimport com.ctrip.xpipe.api.factory.",
"ObjectFactory;\nimport com.ctrip.xpipe.redis.core.",
"IVisitor;\nimport com.ctrip.xpipe.redis.core.entity.*;",
"\nimport com.ctrip.xpipe.utils.",
"MapUtils;\n\nimport java.util.",
"HashSet;\nimport java.util.",
"Map;\nimport java.util.",
"Set;\nimport java.util.concurrent.",
"ConcurrentHashMap;\nimport java.util.concurrent.atomic.",
"AtomicInteger;\n\n/**\n * @author wenchao.meng\n * <p>\n * Aug 21, 2017\n */\npublic class ClusterShardCounter implements IVisitor{\n\n private Map<String, Set<String>> clusters = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();\n\n\n public int getClusterCount() {\n return clusters.size();\n }\n\n public int getShardCount() {\n\n AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();\n clusters.forEach((clusterName, shards) -> count.addAndGet(shards.size()));\n return count.get();\n }\n\n public Map<String, Set<String>> getClusters() {\n return clusters;\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitCluster(ClusterMeta cluster) {\n\n getOrCreate(cluster);\n cluster.getShards().forEach((shardName, shardMeta) -> shardMeta.accept(this));\n\n }\n\n private Set<String> getOrCreate(ClusterMeta cluster) {\n\n return MapUtils.getOrCreate(clusters, cluster.getId(), new ObjectFactory<Set<String>>() {\n\n @Override\n public Set<String> create() {\n return new HashSet<>();\n }\n });\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitDc(DcMeta dc) {\n dc.getClusters().forEach((clusterName, clusterMeta) -> clusterMeta.accept(this));\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitKeeper(KeeperMeta keeper) {\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitKeeperContainer(KeeperContainerMeta keeperContainer) {\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitMetaServer(MetaServerMeta metaServer) {\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitRedis(RedisMeta redis) {\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitRoute(RouteMeta route) {\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitSentinel(SentinelMeta sentinel) {\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitShard(ShardMeta shard) {\n\n Set<String> shards = getOrCreate(shard.parent());\n shards.add(shard.getId());\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitXpipe(XpipeMeta xpipe) {\n\n xpipe.getDcs().forEach((dcName, dcMeta) -> dcMeta.accept(this));\n\n }\n\n @Override\n public void visitZkServer(ZkServerMeta zkServer) {\n\n }\n}\n"
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[
"Antonio Collalto (mathematician)\n\nAntonio Collalto (21 or 22 April 1765, Venice – 16 July 1820, Padua) was an Italian mathematician and physicist.",
"\n\nLife\nHe was from a modest and otherwise unrecorded family. ",
"According to Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna, his surname did not indicate a connection with the house of Collalto but instead his status as a Jewish convert to Catholicism in his youth. ",
"He was unable to study at the Patriarchal Seminary of Venice, run by the Somaschi Fathers, and gained a scientific education from the physicist Vincenzo Miotti. ",
"He completed his studies and then became a priest. ",
"In 1795 he became professor of maths and physics in the public schools of Venice. ",
"In 1806 he became professor of 'introduzione al calcolo sublime' (introductory sublime calculus) and geodesy at the University of Padua, but was sacked when the Austrian Empire took back control in 1814 for his reputation as a Jacobin. ",
"From 1815 onwards he was a member of the Accademia nazionale delle scienze.",
"\n\nSelected works\n Metodo analitico per conoscere la fallacia di alcune dimostrazioni (Analytical method to know the fallacy of some demonstrations), 1792.",
"\n Discorso sul metodo di studiare le matematiche (Discourse on how to study mathematics), 1793.",
"\n Identità del calcolo differenziale con quello delle serie ovvero il metodo degli infinitamente piccoli di leibnizio spiegato e dimostrato colla teria delle funzioni di Lagrange (Identification of differential calculus with series calculus or the infinitely small Leibnitz method explained and demonstrated with the theories of Lagrange functions), 1802. (",
"digitized version edited by the BEIC)\n Dell'istruzione teorico-pratica degli ingegneri (On the theoretical and practical training of engineers), 1804.",
"\n Geometria analitica a due coordinate (Analytic geometry to two coordinates), 1806.",
"\n Nuove lezioni di geometria analitica a tre coordinate (New analytical geometry lessons to three coordinates), 1809.",
"\n Nuovo saggio di poliendrometria analitica (A new essay on analytical polyendrometry), 1810.",
"\n\nBibliography \nUgo Baldini, 'Antonio Collalto' in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. ",
"26, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1982.",
"\n\nCategory:1765 births\nCategory:1820 deaths\nCategory:Italian mathematicians"
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[
"-0.5in -0.5in\n\nRecent fractional quantum Hall experiments by Pan [*et al.*]{} [",
"@Pan] (described in [@Smet]) indicate the presence of the new odd-denominator hierachical states (other than Laughlin and Jain states), also indications of even-denominator hierarchical states [@Pan; @filling] are found. ",
"If the results are confirmed they will bring a breaktrough in our knowledge of the fractional quantum Hall effect. ",
"The hierarchy of odd-denominator states in the fractional quantum Hall effect was introduced by Haldane at early stages of the quantum Hall theory [@Haldane1] (short time after Laughlin presented his original approach [@Laughlin]). ",
"Within years, however, the experiments supported only hierarchical states given by the composite fermion approach. ",
"The composite fermion approach predicts the so-called Jain states at filling fractions of the form $\\nu=\\frac{n_{0}}{2p_{0}n_{0}+\\beta_{0}}$ (where $2p_{0}$ – the Chern-Simons composite fermion parameter being an even number, $n_{0}$ – the number of effective shells filled, $\\beta_{0}$ – the sign of the effective field with respect to the external magnetic field). ",
"The hierachical theory of condensed states of composite fermion excitations was also proposed (in a close analogy with the Haldane hierarchy), but hierachical states were not numerically verified [@QHS] (e. g. the $4/11$ state – for which the strongest evidence is found [@Pan]). ",
"The experiment [@Pan] opens the possibility for a realization of condensed states of composite fermion excitations [@cfhierarchy].",
"\n\nThe anyon statistics parameters of quantum Hall quasiparticles were determined by Halperin within the Haldane hierarchy picture [@Halperin]. ",
"Here, we present the analogous approach, however, the quasiparticle statistics is determined within the generalized exclusion statistics approach for condensed states of excitations in Jain states on a sphere. ",
"In Laughlin and Jain fermion states quasiparticles obey fractional statistics[@Halperin; @Arovas] with exclusion statistics parameters defined earlier [@He; @Johnson; @Isakov; @Sitko2002; @Su]. ",
"Let us add that recently it was proposed that quantum Hall quasiparticles obeying fractional statistics may serve as a good tool for quantum computation [@Averin] (called topological quantum computation [@Zanardi]).",
"\n\nIn this paper we will determine the statistics of quasiparticles in hierarchical states using the composite fermion approach (and folowing the construction of the hierarchy of condensed states of composite fermion excitations [@cfhierarchy]). ",
"We make use of the generalized Haldane exclusion statistics [@Haldane2; @Wu] (with the statistics parameter $\\alpha$). ",
"The anyon statistics parameter of quantum Hall quasiparticles is rederived as $\\frac{\\theta}{\\pi}=\\alpha(mod\\; 2)$ – see [@Wu; @Ouvry] ($\\theta$ is the phase change which appears in the wave function when two anyons are interchanged).",
"\n\nThe generalized exclusion statistics for identical particles can be expressed in terms of the number of many-particle states as [@Wu]: $$\\label{def}\nk+(1-\\alpha)(N-1) \\choose N$$ where $k$ is the number of available single-particle states and $\\alpha$ is the statistics parameter, $N$ – the number of particles. ",
"So that, we are going to define the number of many-particle states for quasiparticles in hierarchical states using the composite fermion approach for a spherical system [@Chen] (for excitations in Laughlin and Jain states it was done in [@He; @Johnson; @Isakov; @Sitko2002; @Su]). ",
"The quasiparticles in even-denominator quantum Hall states are predicted to obey nonabelian fractional statistics [@QHS; @Read] and are not considered here.",
"\n\nThe composite fermion approach was extensively and successfully tested in many numerical studies of quantum Hall systems – i. e. of systems of electrons in a magnetic field such that the lowest Landau level is partially filled (see for example [@QHS]). ",
"The numerical results are available only for a small number of electrons (usually up to 12-14 electrons) and there are only data for a few quasiparticles [@cfhierarchy]. ",
"In fact, the $4/11$ state is not predicted in numerical studies for Coulomb interaction [@QHS] (it is important to add that the experiment [@Pan] indicates that the observed $4/11$ state is fully spin polarized).",
"\n\nThe composite fermion hierarchy consists in the assumption that quasiparticles (e. g. in Laughlin states) can be treated in the same way as electrons (partially filling the lowest Landau level) are treated. ",
"So that, we can use the composite fermion approach (well established for electrons partially filling the lowest Landau level [@QHS]) to quasiparticles partially filling a shell (all predictions will be the same as for electrons).",
"\n\nLet us introduce the hierarchy of condensed states of composite fermion excitations (following [@cfhierarchy]). ",
"The hierarchy fractions is defined by the set of equations: $$\\label{fraction}\n\\nu_{0}^{-1}=2p_{0}+\\frac{\\beta_{0}}{n_{0}+\\nu_{1}}$$ where $\\nu_{1}$ is the fraction in which the next $(n_{0}+1)$-th effective shell is filled. ",
"The procedure (\\[fraction\\]) can be repeated on $\\nu_{1}$, and so on, to find the final odd-denominator filling fraction: $$\\label{hierarchy}\n\\nu_{0}^{-1}=2p_{0}+\\frac{\\beta_{0}}{n_{0}+\n...\\; +\\frac{1}{2p_{k}+\\frac{\\beta_{k}}{n_{k}} } }\\; .$$ The hierarchy of even denominator fractions is found when $\\beta_{k}=0$ at any step of the hierarchy [@filling]. ",
"The quantum Hall states at those fractions would be related to Pfaffian states of quasiparticles (see for example [@Read; @QHS]). ",
"Still, in order to define the Pfaffian states one needs the statistics of quasiparticles.",
"\n\nIn the case of a spherical system the composite fermion effective field is given by [@QHS]: $$2S^{*}=\\beta_{0}(2S-2p_{0}(N_{e}-1))\\;$$ where $2S$ is the number of flux quanta piercing the sphere, $N_{e}$ – the number of electrons, $2S^{*}$ – the effective composite fermion field, $\\beta_{0}$ is the sign of the effective field with respect to $2S$. One has also the relations: $2S_{qe(0)}=2S^{*}+2n_{0}$, $2S^{*}n_{0}+n_{0}^{2}=N_{e}-N_{qe(0)}$ (if only quasielectrons are present).",
"\n\nThe number of many-particle states (at any step of the hierarchy) is given by: $${2S_{qe} +1 \\choose N_{qe}} \\; .$$ One can also perform the composite fermion transformation for this effective shell $$2S_{qe}^{*}=\\beta_{qe}(2S_{qe}-2p_{qe}(N_{qe}-1))\\; ,$$ $\\beta_{qe}$ is the sign of the effective quasiparticle shell (with respect to $2S_{qe}$).",
"\n\nLet us first find the statistics parameters of quasiparticles in Jain states [@Isakov; @Sitko2002], and we will determine the statistics of quasiparticles in the next step of the hierarchy. ",
"Using the definition (1) one can write $$\\label{pocz}\n2S_{qe(0)}= (1-\\alpha_{qe(0)})N_{qe(0)}+A(2S,n_{0},2p_{0},\\beta_{0})$$ where $A$ is a function of $2S$, $n_{0}$, $2p_{0}$, $\\beta_{0}$ [@Isakov; @Sitko2002]: $$A=\\beta_{0}2S +\\beta_{0}2p_{0}+2n_{0}-\n\\beta_{0}2p_{0}\\frac{\\beta_{0}n_{0}(2S+2p_{0})+n_{0}^{2}}{1+2p_{0}\n\\beta_{0}n_{0}}\\; ,$$ and $\n\\label{Jain}\n1-\\alpha_{qe(0)}=\\frac{-\\beta_{0}2p_{0}}{1+2p_{0}\\beta_{0}n_{0}}\\; \n$ (as was found in [@Isakov; @Sitko2002]). ",
"One gets next $$2S_{qe(0)}^{*}=\\beta_{1}(2S_{qe(0)}-2p_{1}(N_{qe(0)}-1))\\; ,$$ and $\n2S_{qe(1)}=2S_{qe(0)}^{*}+2n_{1}\\; \n$. ",
"The number of many particle states for $N_{qe(1)}$ is given by ${2S_{qe(1)}+1\\choose N_{qe(1)}} \\;$. We need also the relation (if only quasielectrons are present): $\nN_{qe(0)}-N_{qe(1)}=2S_{qe(0)}^{*}n_{1}+n_{1}^{2}\n$, (or if only quasiholes are present) $\nN_{qe(0)}+N_{qh(1)}=2S_{qe(0)}^{*}n_{1}+n_{1}^{2}\\; \n$. ",
"Note that here we perform the composite fermion transformation only on quasielectrons (not on quasiholes – we use the $\\beta=-1$ effective field instead [@filling]). ",
"The final result is: $$\\frac{1}{1-\\alpha_{qe(1)}}=\n\\frac{1}{\\beta_{1}(1-\\alpha_{qe(0)} -2p_{1})}-n_{1}=\n\\frac{1}{\\alpha_{qh(1)}-1}$$ We can also write the general relation (for quasiparticles at the $k$-step of the hierachy): $$\\label{relation}\n\\frac{1}{1-\\alpha_{qe(k)}}=\n\\frac{1}{\\beta_{k}(1-\\alpha_{qe(k-1)} -2p_{k})}-n_{k}\\; ,$$ and $\\alpha_{qh(k)}-1=1-\\alpha_{qe(k)}$. One can notice that the statistics of composite fermion excitations in Jain states can be found by putting $\\alpha_{qe(-1)}=1$ (simply because electrons are fermions). ",
"It can be rewritten as $\n\\alpha_{qe(0)}=1+\\frac{\\beta_{0}2p_{0}}{1+\\beta_{0}n_{0}2p_{0}}\n$ and for quasiholes in Jain states $\n\\alpha_{qh(0)}=1-\\frac{\\beta_{0}2p_{0}}{1+\\beta_{0}n_{0}2p_{0}}\n$ in agreement with previous results [@Isakov; @Sitko2002].",
"\n\nWe can define the statistics parameter at any level of the hierarchy by the set of equations $$\\frac{1}{1-\\alpha_{qe(0)}}=\n\\frac{1}{-\\beta_{0}2p_{0}}-n_{0}$$ $$\\frac{1}{1-\\alpha_{qe(1)}}=\n\\frac{1}{\\beta_{1}(1-\\alpha_{qe(0)} -2p_{1})}-n_{1}$$ $$\\frac{1}{1-\\alpha_{qe(2)}}=\n\\frac{1}{\\beta_{2}(1-\\alpha_{qe(1)} -2p_{2})}-n_{2}$$ $$...$$ $$\\label{set}\n\\frac{1}{1-\\alpha_{qe(k)}}=\n\\frac{1}{\\beta_{k}(1-\\alpha_{qe(k-1)} -2p_{k})}-n_{k}$$ and $1-\\alpha_{qe(k)}=\\alpha_{qh(k)}-1$.\n\nThe Haldane hierachy corresponds to the choice $n_{k}=1$ at every step of the hierarchy (\\[hierarchy\\]) [@cfhierarchy], then one can find the result (which is analogous to the Eq. (",
"4) of Ref. [",
"@Halperin]): $$\\label{Halp}\n\\frac{\\beta_{k}}{\\alpha_{qh(k)}}=(2p_{k}+1+\\beta_{k})-\n\\alpha_{qh(k-1)} \\;.$$ Note again that we use the $\\beta=-1$ effective field instead of considering condensed states of quasiholes. ",
"One can easily notice that the denominator in $\\alpha_{qh(k-1)}$ is the numerator in $\\alpha_{qh(k)}$ (for the Haldane hierarchy). ",
"The Jain sequence within the Haldane hierarchy is found for $p_{k}=0$ and $n_{k}=1$, $\\beta_{k}=1$, at any step.",
"\n\nLet us consider the second order of the hierarchy. ",
"For the $4/11$ state ($p_{0}=1$, $n_{0}=1$, $\\beta_{0}=1$, $p_{1}=1$, $n_{1}=1$, $\\beta_{1}=1$) one finds $\\alpha_{qh(1)}(\\nu=4/11)=\n\\frac{3}{11}$ and $\\alpha_{qe(1)}(\\nu=4/11)=2-\\frac{3}{11}$. For several other fractions the statistics parameters are given in Table I. One can observe that (in agreement with results of Halperin [@Halperin]) $\\alpha_{qh(k)}=p/q$ where $p$ is the denominator of the parent state and $q$ is the denominator of the daughter state. ",
"For $\\nu_{0}=5/13$ the parent state (in the spirit of the Haldane hierarchy) is the $2/5$ state (to get it one can put $n_{1}=1$ in the second row of Table I), for $\\nu_{0}=5/17$ the parent state is the $2/7$ state ($n_{1}=1$). ",
"The $31/65$ state is the daughter state of the Jain $10/21$ state [@Pan].",
"\n\nSince we perform the composite fermion transformation only on quasielectrons the $4/13$ state is found with $p_{0}=2$ and $\\beta_{0}=-1$ ($n_{0}=1$) for the Laughlin $1/3$ state. ",
"One can also put $p_{0}=1$, $\\beta_{0}=1$, $n_{0}=1$, to get the Laughlin $1/3$ state within the composite fermion approach. ",
"The excitations above the $1/3$ state can also be described in two ways (both descriptions can be to some extent verified numerically – see for example [@Yi]). ",
"For example the $2/7$ state can be seen as the $1/3$ state of quasiholes (within the $p_{0}=1$ description) or, with $p_{0}=2$, it is the Jain state (first order of the hierachy, or $\\nu_{1}=1$ – quasielectrons completely fill the shell $2S_{qe}$). ",
"It is apparent that numbers of many-particle states for quasiparticles in the two descriptions differ [@Yi]. ",
"The lowest energy states within the $p_{0}=1$ description can be seen as states of quasielectrons within the $p_{0}=2$ description [@Yi]. ",
"Specifically at $\\nu_{0}=2/7$ one gets the single many-particle state of ($p_{0}=2$) quasielectrons (the ground state) and $3(N_{qh(0)}-1)+1\\choose N_{qh(0)}$ many-particle states of ($p_{0}=1$) quasiholes. ",
"Of course, when one would perform the composite fermion transformation on those quasiholes one would find the single-many particle state (the ground state at $\\nu_{0}=2/7$). ",
"We argue then that different descriptions of excited states are related through the composite fermion transformation. ",
"Quasiparticles within different descriptions are related by (we consider quasiholes ($p_{k}=p$) and corresponding quasielectrons ($p_{k}=p+1$)): $$\\alpha_{qe(k)}^{(p_{k}=p+1,\\beta_{k}=-1,n_{k}=1)}-\n\\alpha_{qh(k)}^{(p_{k}=p,\\beta_{k}=1, n_{k}=1)}=2\\;$$ which exactly corresponds to the composite fermion transformation on quasiparticles. ",
"For example Laughlin quasiholes ($p_{0}=1$, $\\alpha_{qh(0)}=1/3$) correspond to quasielectrons with $p_{0}=2$ and $\\alpha_{qe(0)}=7/3$. The anyon statistics parameter within different descriptions equals $\\theta/\\pi=\\alpha (mod \\; 2)$. In general the composite fermion transformation on quasiparticles ($\\alpha$-anyons) would give “superanyons” of statistics $\\alpha +2p$ ($2p$ is an even number). ",
"This corresponds to the description of the system of electrons in terms of composite fermions [@Wu; @Ouvry; @Sitko2002] (called “superelectrons” by Wu [@Wu]).",
"\n\nThere is a growing interest in studies of quantum Hall boson systems (expected to be found in rotating Bose gases [@Wilkin]). ",
"Below we define the hierarchical states in boson quantum Hall systems for which $\\nu_{F}^{-1}$=$\\nu_{B}^{-1}+1$ ($\\nu_{F}$ is the filling fraction for fermions, $\\nu_{B}$ – the corresponding filling fraction for bosons [@Xie]). ",
"We do not consider here the Pfaffian boson states [@Wilkin] (or Read and Reazyi states [@Read; @Wilkin]). ",
"Within the above approach we only have to change $2p_{0}$ into $2p_{0}-1$ and other relations in (\\[set\\]) remain the same. ",
"For the Jain boson states one finds: $$\\frac{1}{1-\\alpha_{qe(0)}}=\n\\frac{1}{\\beta_{0}(1-2p_{0})}-n_{0} =\n\\frac{1}{\\alpha_{qh(0)}-1} \\; .$$ For example at $\\nu_{B}=\\frac{1}{2}$, $\\alpha_{qe(0)}(\\nu_{B}=\\frac{1}{2})=\\frac{3}{2}$, $\\alpha_{qh(0)}(\\nu_{B}=\\frac{1}{2})=\\frac{1}{2}$. For the hierarchical state (the condensed state of excitations in the Laughlin boson state $\\nu_{B}=1/2$) $\\nu_{B}=4/7$ (corresponding to the $\\nu_{F}=4/11$ fermion state) one gets $\\alpha_{qh(1)}(\\nu_{B}=4/7)=\\frac{2}{7}$. For several other hierachical boson fractions the statistics of quasiparticles is given in Table II. ",
"The parent state for the boson fillings $4/7$, $6/11$, $4/9$ (in the spirit of the Haldane hierarchy) is the Laughlin $1/2$ boson state. ",
"The parent states for $5/8$ and $5/12$ are $2/3$ and $2/5$, respectively. ",
"For $\\nu_{B}=31/34$ the parent state is $\\nu_{B}=10/11$.\n\nWe want to underline that the relation (\\[relation\\]) satisfies the symmetry $\nQE(2p_{0}, \\beta_{0}, n_{0}, \\; ...,2p_{k},\\beta_{k}, n_{k})-\n$ $\nQH(2p_{0}, \\beta_{0}, n_{0}, \\; ...,2p_{k},\\beta_{k}, n_{k}+1)\n$ (all parameters in parentheses are the same except for $n_{k}$, for bosons $2p_{0}\\longrightarrow (2p_{0}-1)$): $$\\label{duality}\n\\alpha_{qe}(n_{k})=\\alpha_{qh}^{-1}(n_{k}+1)\\; .$$ which is the result of the particle-hole conjugation (quasielectrons and quasiholes are in the same effective shell) – this corresponds to the duality described by Nayak and Wilczek [@Nayak; @Sitko2002]. ",
"The Eq. (",
"\\[duality\\]) is identical with the Eq. (",
"\\[Halp\\]) for $p_{k}=0$ and $\\beta_{k}=1$. Also the equation (\\[duality\\]) is valid for the special case when $n_{k}=0$. For $k=0$ one finds $\\alpha_{qe}(n_{0}=0)=2p_{0}+1$ ($\\beta_{0}=1$) – the exclusion statistics of composite fermions [@Wu; @Ouvry]. ",
"For $k>0$ one finds “superanyons” – for example quasielectrons conjugated to quasiholes with the exclusion statistics parameters given in Tables (the last column). ",
"At filling fractions given in the first column of the Tables these “superanyons” fill a single effective shell (they form incompressible states).",
"\n\nIn conclusion, we found the exclusion statistics parameter $\\alpha$ for quasiparticles in odd-denominator hierarchical condensed states of composite fermion excitations on a sphere. ",
"The statistics parameters for quasiparticles in the hierarchy of condensed states of excitations in Jain boson states are also found. ",
"The statistics parameters $\\alpha$ obey quasiparticle – quasihole symmetry (when they are in the same effective shell). ",
"The anyon statisics parameter for quasiparticles is obtained as $\\frac{\\theta}{\\pi}=\\alpha\n(mod\\; 2)$. The quantum Hall states of charged anyons of the exclusion statistics parameter $\\alpha$ can be described as incompressible states of $(\\alpha+2p$)-anyons.",
"\n\nThis work was supported by KBN grant.",
"\n\n[20]{} W. Pan, H. L. Störmer, D. C. Tsui, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. Baldwin, K. W. West, Phys. ",
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"66**]{} (1991) 389\n\n $\\nu^{F}_{0}$ $p_{0}$ $n_{0}$ $\\beta_{0}$ $\\alpha_{qe(0)}$ $p_{1}$ $n_{1}$ $\\beta_{1}$ $\\alpha_{qh(1)}$\n --------------- --------- --------- ------------- ------------------ --------- --------- ------------- ------------------\n $4/11$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $5/3$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $3/11$\n $5/13$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $5/3$ $1$ $2$ $-1$ $5/13$\n $6/17$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $5/3$ $2$ $1$ $1$ $3/17$\n $4/13$ $2$ $1$ $-1$ $7/3$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $3/13$\n $5/17$ $2$ $1$ $-1$ $7/3$ $1$ $2$ $-1$ $7/17$\n $31/65$ $1$ $10$ $1$ $23/21$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $21/65$\n\n : The exclusion statistics parameters for several filling fractions for fermion quantum Hall systems.",
"\n\n $\\nu^{B}_{0}$ $2p_{0}-1$ $n_{0}$ $\\beta_{0}$ $\\alpha_{qe(0)}$ $p_{1}$ $n_{1}$ $\\beta_{1}$ $\\alpha_{qh(1)}$\n --------------- ------------ --------- ------------- ------------------ --------- --------- ------------- ------------------\n $4/7$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $3/2$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $2/7$\n $5/8$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $3/2$ $1$ $2$ $-1$ $3/8$\n $6/11$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $3/2$ $2$ $1$ $1$ $2/11$\n $4/9$ $3$ $1$ $-1$ $5/2$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $2/9$\n $5/12$ $3$ $1$ $-1$ $5/2$ $1$ $2$ $-1$ $5/12$\n $31/34$ $1$ $10$ $1$ $12/11$ $1$ $1$ $1$ $11/34$\n\n : The exclusion statistics parameters for several filling fractions for boson quantum Hall systems.",
"\n"
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[
"Mid-Wales Railway\n\nThe Mid-Wales Railway (MWR) was an early railway company operating in Mid-Wales. ",
"It opened in 1864 and was absorbed by the Cambrian Railways in 1904.",
"\n\nCompany Formation and Parliamentary authorisation\nThe company was formed in 1859 and parliamentary approval was received on 1 August for the northern section of the line from Llanidloes, Montgomeryshire to Llandovery, Carmarthenshire. ",
" Approval for the southern section from Newbridge-on-Wye to Three Cocks Junction in northern Brecknockshire was received on 3 July 1860.",
"\n\nConstruction and opening of the railway\nThe first sod was ceremonially cut on 2 September 1859, but further work on the 46.7 mile line was delayed until 1862. ",
"A formal opening ceremony was held on 23 August 1864, and the line to Three Cocks Junction was opened goods traffic on 1 September.",
"\n\nParliament had authorised both the MWR and the Manchester and Milford Railway to connect Llanidloes to Aberystwyth, and so the M&MR had prioritised construction in the Llanidloes area. ",
"Eventually an agreement was reached to form the joint Llanidloes and Newtown Railway, which extended south to Pentpontbren Junction, where the MWR and M&MR's short-lived Llangurig branch diverged. ",
"The L&NR opened its line in 1859, enabling through working to and from the MWR line. ",
"\n\nThe MWR worked the line of the Hereford, Hay and Brecon Railway from 1 October 1868 until that company was taken over by the Midland Railway on 1 October 1869. ",
"The line from Builth Road to Llandovery was not built, but a connection to the Central Wales Extension Railway was completed on 1 November 1866, enabling goods trains to run to and through that station.",
"\n\nStations\nAt Brecon, following the initial opening of three separate stations, a joint station was created at Free Street.",
"\n\nAt Llanidloes railway station, the grand junction building that was created in anticipation of M&MR traffic which never materialised, since the Mid Wales Railway never completed their section of the Llangurig - Strata Florida - Aberystwyth line.",
"\n\nBridges\nThe MWR, though only long, crossed the River Wye five times, and the River Ithon once. ",
"These were originally built with lattice girder spans on cast iron pillars. ",
"The bridges were built at the W. Thomas Railway Works in Llanidloes. ",
"Many of them had strong plate girder spans installed by 1938, though Boughrood had lattice girders until the line was closed. ",
"The iron pillars were encased in concrete in the 1920s to allow heavier locomotives to work the line.",
"\n\nMid Wales Line\nThe Welsh Railways Through Traffic Act of 1889 went some way to formalising an arrangement to create the Mid Wales Line, to form part of a through route from South Wales to Cheshire, as an alternative to the main line route via and (i.e. Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway plus Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway) . ",
"The main route was made up of (North to South):\n\nNorthern feeder\nGreat Western Railway: Oswestry to Gobowen for the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway\nPotteries, Shrewsbury and North Wales Railway: Shrewsbury to Llanymynech\nShrewsbury and Welshpool Railway: GWR and LNWR mainlines at Shrewsbury to Welshpool\n\nCentral mainline\nOswestry and Newtown Railway: Oswestry to Newtown\nLlanidloes and Newtown Railway: Newtown to Penbontbren Junction\nMid-Wales Railway: Penbontbren Junction to Talyllyn Junction\n\nSouthern feeder\nHereford, Hay and Brecon Railway: Three Cocks Junction to .",
"\nBrecon and Merthyr Railway: Talyllyn Junction to Merthyr, and onwards to Cardiff\nNeath and Brecon Railway: Brecon to Neath, accessing the South Wales Main Line\nSwansea Vale Railway: to Swansea docks and West Wales\n\nThe links necessary to complete the route included the Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway to connect to the LNWR at Crewe, and the Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway to connect to the Wrexham, Mold and Connah's Quay Railway and hence onwards to Liverpool. ",
"These links were not complete until 1896.",
"\n\nAmalgamation with Cambrian Railways\n\nIn practice the Mid Wales Line never received substantial use, and that almost entirely for goods traffic. ",
"As a result, the Mid-Wales Railway encountered financial problems, and the company's locomotives and rolling stock were sold. ",
" A working arrangement was signed with the Cambrian Railways (CamR) which took effect on 2 April 1888. ",
" Formal vesting of the line in the CamR followed on 24 June 1904.",
"\n\nOperations on the line\nNormal goods and passenger trains along the CR/MWRs route were stopped in World War I by intensive coal trains, dubbed Jellicoe Specials after the Admiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, from the South Wales Coalfield travelling north towards Scapa Flow for use by warships of the Royal Navy.",
"\n\nClosure\nThe whole of the CR/MWR route, and its stations, from Moat Lane Junction to Talyllyn Junction, were closed for passengers throughout by British Railways on 31 December 1962. ",
"The section between Moat Lane Junction and Llanidloes remained open for freight traffic until 1967.",
"\n\nGallery\n\nSee also\nCambrian Line\nHeart of Wales Line\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n \n\nCategory:Cambrian Railways\nCategory:Early Welsh railway companies\nCategory:Railway companies established in 1859\nCategory:Railway lines opened in 1864\nCategory:Railway companies disestablished in 1904\nCategory:Standard gauge railways in Wales\nCategory:1859 establishments in Wales\nCategory:British companies established in 1859"
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"A lot of frustration ultimately paid off while Keith Urban recorded his new single John Cougar, John Deere, John 3:16. ",
"This behind the scenes video gives you an inside glimpse of how things went down in the studio while Keith was recording the single.",
"\n\nBeing the youngest in my family and never having been one to seek out infants, it was only fairly recently that I discovered that you can generally tell when a baby is pooping just by looking at them. ",
"And it is hysterical. ",
"Add slow-motion to the occasion and you've got an internet sensation."
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"Kirk Barneby Conference Call:\n\nDue to the outstanding participation and positive feedback we received from \nour recent conference call with Ed Kerschner, we have decided to continue \nsetting up as many of these calls as possible.",
"\n\nOur next call will be this coming Wednesday, March 7 at 9:00 am central time \n(10:00am eastern time.). ",
"Our guest for this call will be Kirk Barneby. ",
"Mr. \nBarneby is the portfolio manager for the PaineWebber Tactical Allocation \nfund, and the Chief Investment Officer of Quantitative Investments of \nMitchell Hutchins. ",
" Mr. Barneby has been with PaineWebber since 1987. . ",
"The \nsubject of the conference call will be Quantitative Investing.",
"\n\nAgain, they ask that you dial in 5-10 minutes prior to the start of the \ncall. ",
" Following is the information you will need to dial in for the call:\nTelephone#: (800)-289-0479\nConfirmation Code: 535163\nDate: 03/07/01\nTime: 9:00am Central Time\nLength: 60 minutes\nTitle: Rocky Emery Client Conference Call\nSubject: Quantitative Investing\n\n\nSincerely,\n\n\n\n\nHank Emery\nFinancial Advisor\nPrivate Client Group\nEmery Financial Group\nPaineWebber Incorporated\n\n\nHank Emery\nFinancial Advisor\nPrivate Client Group\nEmery Financial Group\nPaineWebber Incorporated\n109 N. Post Oak LN, Suite 150\nHouston, TX 77024\n713-957-7060\n\n\n\n\nNotice Regarding Entry of Orders and Instructions: Please\ndo not transmit orders and/or instructions regarding your\nPaineWebber account(s) by e-mail. ",
"Orders and/or instructions\ntransmitted by e-mail will not be accepted by PaineWebber and\nPaineWebber will not be responsible for carrying out such orders\nand/or instructions. ",
" Notice Regarding Privacy and Confidentiality:\nPaineWebber reserves the right to monitor and review the content of\nall e-mail communications sent and/or received by its employees."
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"Q:\n\nThe differential equation $\\frac{dy}{dx} +y^2 + \\frac{x}{1-x}y = \\frac{1}{1-x}$\n\nI am learning how to solve differential equations and making some progress. ",
"However, how can one solve this example? ",
"The task is to find the solution to the equation\n$$\\frac{dy}{dx} +y^2 + \\frac{x}{1-x}y = \\frac{1}{1-x}$$\nthat satisfies $y=2$ at $x=0$.\n\nA:\n\nMake the change of variables $y=1+\\frac{1}{u(x)}$, the equation then becomes linear:\n$$u'=\\frac{x-2}{x-1}u+1.$$\nI think you can take it from here. ",
"\n\n"
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"Cinemark USA opened Movies 10 on 27 March 1992 as part of the new Sugar House Shopping Center. ",
"The 10-screen theater was Cinemark's second discount theater in the Salt Lake area and was intended to fill the niche between first-run movies and home video. ",
"The largest auditorium was the fourth THX-certified screen in Utah. ",
"The theater closed 2 November 2014 for remodeling with Luxury Loungers, electric-powered recliners with cup holders and footrests."
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[
" be the second derivative of n(o). ",
"Let z(w) = -3*w - 4*w + 4*w - 2*w. ",
"Give p(z(v)).",
"\n5*v\nLet n(y) = -2268*y**2. ",
"Let m(f) = -57*f**2. ",
"Calculate m(n(d)).",
"\n-293197968*d**4\nLet p(k) = -13*k. ",
"Suppose -n = -3 + 2. ",
"Let t be -15 + 16 + (3 - n). ",
"Let u(s) = 2 - 2 - 5*s + t*s. ",
"What is p(u(q))?",
"\n26*q\nLet y(i) be the first derivative of -57*i**2/2 + 118. ",
"Let c(k) = 8*k**2. ",
"Determine c(y(u)).",
"\n25992*u**2\nLet m(h) be the first derivative of h**4/12 + 15*h**2/2 + 4. ",
"Let d(r) be the second derivative of m(r). ",
"Let q(y) = 14*y. ",
"Determine d(q(x)).",
"\n28*x\nLet m(z) = 2986*z**2. ",
"Let l(t) = -17*t + 4. ",
"Determine m(l(s)).",
"\n862954*s**2 - 406096*s + 47776\nSuppose 0 = 13*m - 43 + 4. ",
"Let y(o) be the second derivative of -12*o - 11/6*o**m + 0 + 0*o**2. ",
"Let n(k) = k. Calculate n(y(b)).",
"\n-11*b\nLet i(x) = 3*x + x**2 - 3*x. ",
"Let o(n) be the second derivative of -n**5/20 - 10*n**3/3 + 40*n. ",
"Let h(q) be the second derivative of o(q). ",
"Determine i(h(d)).",
"\n36*d**2\nLet d(v) = 1302*v + 7. ",
"Let c(y) = -y. ",
"Determine c(d(m)).",
"\n-1302*m - 7\nLet d(p) = -63*p**2. ",
"Let o(n) = 438*n**2. ",
"What is o(d(w))?",
"\n1738422*w**4\nLet p(c) = -c. ",
"Let g(s) = -3*s - 52603. ",
"Calculate g(p(z)).",
"\n3*z - 52603\nLet q(u) = 10*u**2 + 2*u. ",
"Suppose -4*j - 3 = -7. ",
"Let b(k) = -13*k**2 + 6*k. ",
"Let o(z) = -2*z**2 + z. Let g(i) = j*b(i) - 6*o(i). ",
"Give q(g(c)).",
"\n10*c**4 - 2*c**2\nLet t(p) be the third derivative of 7*p**5/60 - 249*p**2. ",
"Let r(m) = 2*m - 2*m - m**2. ",
"What is r(t(g))?",
"\n-49*g**4\nLet q(y) = 131*y - 40. ",
"Let i(k) = 56*k - 20. ",
"Let x(h) = 7*i(h) - 3*q(h). ",
"Let g(r) = -2*r**2. ",
"Calculate x(g(j)).",
"\n2*j**2 - 20\nLet c(b) = 10*b. ",
"Let y(l) = 41*l + 6. ",
"Let w(v) = 12*c(v) - 3*y(v). ",
"Let d(p) = -p**2. ",
"Determine d(w(n)).",
"\n-9*n**2 - 108*n - 324\nLet t(o) be the first derivative of -6*o**2 + 108. ",
"Let s(m) = m**2. ",
"Calculate s(t(h)).",
"\n144*h**2\nLet h(p) = -59445*p. ",
"Let a(z) = 2*z**2. ",
"What is h(a(v))?",
"\n-118890*v**2\nLet s(q) = -q**2. ",
"Let o(z) = -140*z**2 - 10*z + 3. ",
"Give o(s(j)).",
"\n-140*j**4 + 10*j**2 + 3\nLet r(j) = 5*j. ",
"Let f(g) be the second derivative of 0 + 15*g + 0*g**2 + 0*g**3 + 1/12*g**4. ",
"What is r(f(m))?",
"\n5*m**2\nLet h(a) = -173*a. ",
"Let o(f) = f**2 - 150. ",
"What is h(o(r))?",
"\n-173*r**2 + 25950\nLet w(h) = 87*h**2. ",
"Let p(f) = f**2 + f - 3. ",
"Let b(l) = 8*l**2 + 10*l - 30. ",
"Let s(n) = b(n) - 10*p(n). ",
"Calculate s(w(x)).",
"\n-15138*x**4\nLet a(m) = 3*m + 1146. ",
"Let b(p) = 17*p**2 - 2. ",
"What is b(a(l))?",
"\n153*l**2 + 116892*l + 22326370\nLet i(o) = 13*o. ",
"Let c = 23 - 23. ",
"Suppose 0 = 3*d - 6 - c. Let q(v) = -2*v**d - 68 + 68. ",
"Determine i(q(m)).",
"\n-26*m**2\nLet t(j) = 8*j. ",
"Let r(f) be the third derivative of f**4/24 - 3*f**2. ",
"Let n(p) = -5*r(p) + t(p). ",
"Let l(a) = -a. ",
"Determine l(n(x)).",
"\n-3*x\nLet m(z) be the second derivative of -z**3/3 - 66*z. ",
"Let k(x) = x + 3. ",
"Suppose -43 = -5*v + 7. ",
"Let l(c) = -2*c - 10. ",
"Let d(h) = v*k(h) + 3*l(h). ",
"Give d(m(r)).",
"\n-8*r\nLet i(z) = 5*z**2. ",
"Let j(u) = -444085*u. ",
"What is i(j(g))?",
"\n986057436125*g**2\nLet h(x) = -10*x. ",
"Let g(a) = 6*a**2 - 11*a - 11. ",
"Let l(y) = -y**2 + 2*y + 2. ",
"Let s be ((-44)/(-12))/(1 - 15/18). ",
"Let n(b) = s*l(b) + 4*g(b). ",
"Determine n(h(d)).",
"\n200*d**2\nLet a(i) be the third derivative of i**5/12 - 4*i**2. ",
"Let v(p) = -p + 10*p - 5*p. ",
"Let h(c) = -2*c. ",
"Let l(f) = -11*h(f) - 6*v(f). ",
"Determine l(a(m)).",
"\n-10*m**2\nLet m(j) = -3 + 3 + 85*j**2 - 87*j**2. ",
"Let w(g) = g. What is w(m(p))?",
"\n-2*p**2\nLet o(r) = 2*r**2. ",
"Let p(h) = 585813*h. ",
"Calculate p(o(l)).",
"\n1171626*l**2\nLet y = -6 - -8. ",
"Let a(j) = y*j + j**2 + j - 3*j. ",
"Let l(i) = 3*i**2 - 2*i**2 - 4*i**2. ",
"Calculate l(a(b)).",
"\n-3*b**4\nLet c be ((-13)/(-26))/((-2)/(-8)). ",
"Let w(g) = 4*g**2 - g**c + 0*g**2. ",
"Let a(j) = -7*j + 0*j + 2*j. ",
"What is a(w(s))?",
"\n-15*s**2\nLet d(k) = 22*k. ",
"Let q(m) = 2*m**2 - 248*m. ",
"Determine q(d(r)).",
"\n968*r**2 - 5456*r\nLet k(t) = 2*t**2 + 129. ",
"Let i(r) = -16598*r**2. ",
"Determine k(i(d)).",
"\n550987208*d**4 + 129\nLet z(r) = -r - 17 + 17. ",
"Let w(b) = 4*b. ",
"Let d(t) = -3*w(t) - 16*z(t). ",
"Let s(n) be the second derivative of -n**3/2 + n. Give s(d(q)).",
"\n-12*q\nLet y(o) = -2*o**2. ",
"Suppose 2 = g - 2, 0 = 2*u - 4*g + 12. ",
"Let q(b) = -13*b**u + 3*b**2 - b**2. ",
"Calculate q(y(t)).",
"\n-44*t**4\nLet o(k) be the third derivative of k**5/20 + 175*k**2. ",
"Let d(s) = 2*s + 52. ",
"Give o(d(m)).",
"\n12*m**2 + 624*m + 8112\nLet y(h) = -2 - 6*h - 13*h + 6*h. ",
"Let g(t) = 2*t**2. ",
"Determine g(y(w)).",
"\n338*w**2 + 104*w + 8\nLet n(t) = t**2. ",
"Let s = 37 + -35. ",
"Let w(d) = 16*d - 16*d - d**s. ",
"Calculate n(w(o)).",
"\no**4\nLet r(v) = -39*v**2. ",
"Let t(p) = p**2 + 347 - 697 + 350. ",
"Calculate t(r(y)).",
"\n1521*y**4\nLet t(x) be the third derivative of x**7/1680 + 9*x**5/20 + 23*x**2. ",
"Let n(s) be the third derivative of t(s). ",
"Let q(o) = -6*o**2. ",
"Give n(q(b)).",
"\n-18*b**2\nLet q(p) = -60*p**2 + 2*p. ",
"Let b(d) = 27*d - 74*d + 27*d + 18*d. ",
"Determine b(q(n)).",
"\n120*n**2 - 4*n\nLet l(x) = x. Let o(g) = -1158248*g. ",
"Calculate o(l(t)).",
"\n-1158248*t\nSuppose 2*u - 24 = -0. ",
"Let d(r) = -1 - 17*r + u*r + 1. ",
"Let z(s) = -44*s - 56*s + 96*s. ",
"Determine d(z(k)).",
"\n20*k\nLet y(t) = 9*t + 21. ",
"Let j(f) = 8*f + 18. ",
"Let u(d) = -7*j(d) + 6*y(d). ",
"Let r(v) = 37*v**2. ",
"What is r(u(z))?",
"\n148*z**2\nLet g(l) = -2*l. ",
"Let n(w) = -3893*w**2 - w + 5. ",
"Determine g(n(u)).",
"\n7786*u**2 + 2*u - 10\nLet n(h) = h. Let d(a) = -25*a + 1 + 15*a - 3 - 45*a. ",
"Give n(d(r)).",
"\n-55*r - 2\nLet d(f) = 260*f. ",
"Let b(z) = 68*z**2 + 89*z. ",
"Determine d(b(l)).",
"\n17680*l**2 + 23140*l\nLet m(z) = -9*z**2 + 3*z. ",
"Let w(k) = k - 5644. ",
"Calculate m(w(t)).",
"\n-9*t**2 + 101595*t - 286709556\nLet o(g) = g - 44. ",
"Let b(v) = -109*v**2 - 3. ",
"Calculate o(b(q)).",
"\n-109*q**2 - 47\nLet n(s) = 2*s. ",
"Suppose 11 = 3*g - 4. ",
"Let x(p) = -8*p**2 - 3*p. ",
"Let q(j) = 15*j**2 + 5*j. ",
"Let m(b) = g*x(b) + 3*q(b). ",
"Calculate m(n(z)).",
"\n20*z**2\nLet v(i) be the third derivative of i**8/720 - i**5/15 - 2*i**2. ",
"Let w(r) be the third derivative of v(r). ",
"Let p(l) = -2*l. ",
"Give w(p(m)).",
"\n112*m**2\nSuppose -3*s + 24 = -6. ",
"Let v(b) = -s*b - 5*b + 20*b. ",
"Let j(p) = -p**2. ",
"What is j(v(o))?",
"\n-25*o**2\nLet o(t) = 920*t. ",
"Let j(f) = -16*f**2. ",
"Give j(o(y)).",
"\n-13542400*y**2\nLet u(h) = -8*h**2 + 34*h + 17. ",
"Let j(f) = 3*f**2 - 12*f - 6. ",
"Let w(q) = -17*j(q) - 6*u(q). ",
"Let g(m) = 11*m**2 + 2*m. ",
"Give g(w(n)).",
"\n99*n**4 - 6*n**2\nLet j(l) be the second derivative of 3*l - 1/6*l**4 + 5/2*l**2 + 0 + 0*l**3. ",
"Let h(t) be the first derivative of j(t). ",
"Let o(w) = 2*w**2. ",
"Calculate o(h(v)).",
"\n32*v**2\nLet g(b) = 36*b**2 + 2*b. ",
"Let c(l) = -20*l - 1. ",
"What is c(g(p))?",
"\n-720*p**2 - 40*p - 1\nLet s(j) be the first derivative of 9*j**2/2 + 2. ",
"Let t(l) = 17*l**2 - 55*l**2 + 39*l**2. ",
"What is t(s(g))?",
"\n81*g**2\nLet d(g) = 12*g + 3. ",
"Let c(y) = -y - 2081. ",
"What is c(d(w))?",
"\n-12*w - 2084\nLet x(j) = 3*j. ",
"Let g(u) be the third derivative of u**4/8 - 8*u**3/3 + 152*u**2. ",
"What is g(x(a))?",
"\n9*a - 16\nLet z(s) = 4*s**2 + s + 1. ",
"Let l(n) = -450*n**2 - 4*n - 4. ",
"Let g(y) = -l(y) - 4*z(y). ",
"Let t(p) = -2*p**2. ",
"What is t(g(i))?",
"\n-376712*i**4\nLet g(y) = y**2. ",
"Let r be 3 - 1*(-3)/3. ",
"Suppose -2*a - r = h - 2*h, -2 = -5*h + a. Let f(o) = h*o + 2*o + o. Determine g(f(x)).",
"\n9*x**2\nLet g = -13 - -13. ",
"Let h(z) = 2*z**2 + g*z**2 - 10*z**2 + z**2. ",
"Let k(s) be the first derivative of -s**3 - 10. ",
"Give k(h(u)).",
"\n-147*u**4\nLet c(o) = 13*o**2. ",
"Let f(b) = -400*b. ",
"Give c(f(p)).",
"\n2080000*p**2\nLet m(x) be the second derivative of 7*x**4/6 - 129*x. ",
"Let q(n) = 6*n. ",
"Calculate q(m(j)).",
"\n84*j**2\nSuppose -2*s - 64 = -6*s. ",
"Let c(i) = 1999 - 1999 - s*i. ",
"Let l(f) = 2*f**2. ",
"Determine c(l(w)).",
"\n-32*w**2\nLet h(b) = 7*b. ",
"Let q(r) = -15440*r + 3. ",
"What is h(q(m))?",
"\n-108080*m + 21\nSuppose -q - z = -0*q - 84, q - 82 = -3*z. ",
"Let d(h) = 85 - q - 5*h. ",
"Let f(l) = 3*l**2. ",
"Calculate f(d(c)).",
"\n75*c**2\nLet i(y) = -34*y**2 - 8*y. ",
"Let t(f) = -2*f. ",
"What is t(i(g))?",
"\n68*g**2 + 16*g\nLet b(u) be the first derivative of -4*u**3/3 + 1. ",
"Let d(t) be the first derivative of 4*t**3/3 + 667. ",
"Calculate d(b(h)).",
"\n64*h**4\nLet c(n) = -n**2 + 176*n. ",
"Let s(i) be the second derivative of i**3/6 - i - 225. ",
"What is s(c(v))?",
"\n-v**2 + 176*v\nLet a(p) = -16321*p**2 - 171. ",
"Let x(u) = 192*u**2 + 2. ",
"Let s(f) = -2*a(f) - 171*x(f). ",
"Let k(g) = 2*g**2. ",
"Determine k(s(b)).",
"\n72200*b**4\nLet c(s) be the second derivative of -5*s**4/12 + 890*s. ",
"Let y(h) = -2*h**2 + 78. ",
"What is c(y(q))?",
"\n-20*q**4 + 1560*q**2 - 30420\nLet l(o) = 2*o. ",
"Let q(n) be the third derivative of n**5/6 + 5*n**2 + 1. ",
"Calculate q(l(w)).",
"\n40*w**2\nLet r(l) = -1 + l**2 + 1. ",
"Let u(a) = -32*a + 8. ",
"Let f(p) = -6*p + 2. ",
"Let s(q) = 4*f(q) - u(q). ",
"Calculate r(s(z)).",
"\n64*z**2\nLet l(y) = -15*y + 56 - 31*y + 2*y"
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0.4578089416027069,
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[
"1. ",
"Introduction\n===============\n\nRapid medical intervention is essential to the successful treatment of patients suffering from acute coronary syndromes (ACS) because of the need for prompt thrombolysis and measures to reduce risk of fatal arrhythmias [@bib1]. ",
"Although it has been known for more than 20 years that delays between symptom onset and treatment of less than 60 min are desirable [@bib2], pre-hospital delays remain unacceptably long, with median intervals averaging 2 to 4 h [@bib3; @bib4; @bib5; @bib6], while interventions to reduce delays have met with limited success [@bib7]. ",
"A greater understanding of the contributing factors may stimulate new approaches to reducing delays. ",
"A number of sociodemographic, clinical, social and proximal factors have been associated with pre-hospital delay [@bib1; @bib4; @bib6; @bib8; @bib9; @bib10; @bib11]. ",
"The total pre-hospital delay period consists of two components: time taken by patients to recognise recognize that their symptoms are serious and to contact medical help (decision time) and the time taken from requesting help to hospital admission (home-to-hospital delay). ",
"Different factors may affect these 2 components [@bib12] so we carried out a study of factors associated with total pre-hospital delay and its components. ",
"Most previous studies have focused on one or two specific areas, but this study investigated a range of sociodemographic, clinical, social and proximal factors simultaneously in the same sample. ",
"We set out to discover what are the characteristics of patients who have long pre-hospital delays, and what factors are specifically associated with the two components: decision time and home-to-hospital delay. ",
"Previous research also suggests that consultation with a physician or family member may lead to longer pre-hospital delays in comparison with direct contact with emergency medical services (EMS) [@bib1; @bib13]. ",
"Additional analyses of factors associated with contacting the EMS were therefore conducted.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Methods\n==========\n\n2.1. ",
"Participants\n-----------------\n\nParticipants were 228 patients admitted with ACS to one of four London hospitals. ",
"Patients were recruited on 3 days per week rather than consecutively due to staffing constraints. ",
"ACS was diagnosed on the basis of chest pain verified by electrocardiographic criteria and/or troponin T measurement [@bib14]. ",
"Other inclusion criteria included ability to recall the time symptoms started, time of calling for medical help and events prior to hospital admission, absence of comorbid conditions (renal failure, cancer, stroke, ongoing infection or inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease) that might influence symptom presentation, mood or troponin positivity [@bib15], and ability to complete an interview in English. ",
"The study was approved by the University College London/University College London Hospitals Ethics Committee and ethics committees of participating hospitals, and the investigation conforms with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki [@bib16]. ",
"Data were collected between 2001 and 2004 in the context of a larger longitudinal observational cohort study of emotional and behavioral triggers of ACS [@bib17]. ",
"A total of 375 patients were potentially eligible for this study; of these, 48 (12.8%) were discharged or transferred before the interview could take place, information regarding delay was incomplete for a further 67 (17.9%) due to initial admission to/transfer from non-participating hospitals, and 32 (8.5%) declined participation. ",
"The effective response rate was therefore 88%. ",
"All participants gave informed written consent.",
"\n\n2.2. ",
"Measures\n-------------\n\nInformation concerning sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, cardiovascular history and risk factors, patient\\'s attribution of symptoms, clinical and proximal factors, and time of admission, symptom onset and call for assistance was collected using medical records and semi-structured interviews 2.6 ± 1.5 days after hospital admission. ",
"Socioeconomic position was assessed using educational qualifications which were categorized into 3 groups; high school/university qualification, below high school, or no formal educational qualifications of any kind. ",
"Patients were asked whether they initially attributed the pain to a heart attack or to a non-cardiac cause (e.g. indigestion, muscle strain, flu). ",
"Clinical data included type of ACS, which was classified as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina (UA); intensity of chest pain, rated on a 10 point scale (0 = none to 10 = excruciating); number and type of pain symptoms reported in addition to chest pain (i.e. pain in arms, shoulders, jaw, back) and non-pain symptoms (i.e. breathlessness, nausea/vomiting, sweating, flu-like, dizziness/fainting); cardiac history and risk factors. ",
"Proximal factors included time/day of onset, presence of a bystander and location, and a record was made of whether they initially contacted the EMS or another source of help such as a physician, family or friends.",
"\n\n2.3. ",
"Statistical analysis\n-------------------------\n\nThe distribution of all time periods (total pre-hospital delay, decision time and home-to-hospital delay) was skewed, so analyses were based on binary divisions of each interval. ",
"The factors associated with total pre-hospital delay were analyzed by comparing the characteristics of patients with delays longer or shorter than the median of 120 min. ",
"Decision time was analyzed by comparing individuals with decision times ≤ 60 or \\> 60 min. ",
"This criterion was selected because reperfusion therapy is most effective if initiated within the first hour [@bib2]. ",
"Home-to-hospital delay was also analyzed by comparing individuals with delays ≤ 60 or \\> 60 min since the target set by the UK National Service Framework for administration of thrombolysis to eligible patients is within 1 h of calling for help [@bib18]. ",
"Other studies investigating pre-hospital delay have used similar time cut offs [@bib11]. ",
"Groups were compared using *χ*^2^ tests, and significant effects were subsequently entered into multivariate analyses using logistic regression with age and gender as covariates. ",
"Results are presented as percentages and odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age and gender with 95% confidence intervals (C.I.).",
"\n\n3. ",
"Results\n==========\n\nPatients were predominantly male with a mean age of 59.0 ± 11.2 years, white European, married and poorly educated ([Table 1](#tbl1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"Only a quarter of participants initially recognized their symptoms as a heart attack. ",
"Most patients were diagnosed with STEMI and more than a third gave high ratings of pain intensity. ",
"Most patients experienced additional symptoms as well as chest pain (such as pain in arms, shoulders, jaw, back and non-pain symptoms including breathlessness, nausea/vomiting, sweating, dizziness/fainting). ",
"A bystander was present in just over half of cases and most patients were at home rather than somewhere else (such as their workplace, outside, in a car, at a recreational venue) when their symptoms started. ",
"Only half of patients contacted the EMS directly with the remainder first accessing the advice of physicians, friends or family.",
"\n\nThe median total pre-hospital delay was 120 min, ranging from 10 min to 4.3 days, with a mean delay of 6.1 h (± 12.9 h). ",
"Decision time constituted 60% of the total pre-hospital delay period, while home-to-hospital delay accounted for 40%. ",
"The median patient decision time was 50 min (mean 3.6 h, ± 8.0 h), ranging from 0 to 2.7 days, and patient decision times ≤ 60 min were observed in 60.8% of patients. ",
"The median home-to-hospital delay was 58 min (mean 2.4 h ± 8.9 h), and 53.7% had home-to-hospital delays ≤ 60 min.",
"\n\n3.1. ",
"Factors associated with short total pre-hospital delays (≤ 120 min)\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nMarried patients were more likely than patients who were not married to have a short total pre-hospital delay (*p* = 0.048). ",
"There were no other significant associations between short total pre-hospital delays and sociodemographic or socioeconomic factors, but clinical presentation was important ([Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"Patients who had an STEMI rather than NSTEMI or UA were more likely to have short total pre-hospital delay (*p* = 0.028), as were those who experienced a greater number of symptoms (*p* = 0.007). ",
"Patients who experienced 3 or more non-pain symptoms (including breathlessness, nausea/vomiting, dizziness) were also more likely to have short home-to-hospital delays (*p* = 0.002). ",
"Patients who had suffered a previous myocardial infarction (MI) were more likely to have a short total pre-hospital delay (*p* = 0.023), as were those who attributed symptoms to a heart attack rather than another cause (*p* = 0.039). ",
"There were no significant associations with other cardiac risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, or level of physical activity.",
"\n\nProximal factors were also important. ",
"Patients who were away from home when their symptoms started were more likely to have a short pre-hospital delay than patients who were at home (*p* = 0.006), as were those who were accompanied by a bystander at symptom onset rather than being alone (*p* = 0.006). ",
"If symptoms began after midday, patients were more likely to have short pre-hospital delays than if symptoms started earlier (*p* = 0.007). ",
"In multivariate logistic regression entering all the factors found to be significant in [Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type=\"table\"}, effects remained significant for previous history of MI (*p* = 0.008), being away from home at symptom onset (*p* = 0.004) and having a bystander present (*p* = 0.001).",
"\n\n3.2. ",
"Factors associated with short decision times (≤ 60 min)\n------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThere were no associations between decision time ≤ 60 min and sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors apart from marital status ([Table 3](#tbl3){ref-type=\"table\"}); married patients were more likely to have decision times ≤ 60 min than patients who were not married (*p* = 0.034). ",
"Patients who had an STEMI rather than NSTEMI or UA were more likely to have short decision times (*p* = 0.006), as were those who attributed symptoms to a heart attack rather than some other cause (*p* = 0.001). ",
"Patients whose symptoms started in the presence of a bystander rather than being alone were more likely to have a short decision time (*p* = 0.006). ",
"The variables that were associated with short decision times were not independent of one another, since symptom onset in the presence of a bystander was strongly associated with marital status. ",
"Patients who were away from home when their symptoms started had shorter decision times than those who were at home (*p* = 0.005). ",
"In multivariate logistic regression, including all variables found to be significant in [Table 3](#tbl3){ref-type=\"table\"}, attribution of symptoms to a heart attack (*p* \\< 0.001), presence of a bystander (*p* = 0.010) and being away from home (*p* = 0.003) remained significant independent predictors of short decision times.",
"\n\n3.3. ",
"Factors associated with short home-to-hospital delays (≤ 60 min)\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nYounger patients were more likely to have short home-to-hospital delays. [",
"Table 4](#tbl4){ref-type=\"table\"} shows that 66.4% of the patients who had a short home-to-hospital delay were aged 60 or less, compared with 42.9% of those with longer delays. ",
"There were no associations with socioeconomic factors but clinical factors were important. ",
"Patients who had an STEMI rather than a NSTEMI/UA were more likely to have home-to-hospital delay of ≤ 60 min (*p* = 0.002), as were those who experienced a greater number of pain symptoms (*p* = 0.028), and non-pain symptoms (*p* = 0.012). ",
"Patients who were away from home when symptoms started were also more likely to have a short decision delay (*p* = 0.049).",
"\n\n3.4. ",
"Patients\\' choice of contact for help following onset of acute symptoms\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFollowing symptom onset, 45% of patients initially decided to call the EMS rather than other sources of help such as their physician, family/friends, or to refer themselves directly to hospital. ",
"As predicted, patients who contacted the EMS for help were more likely to have short total pre-hospital delays: 74.0% of patients who contacted the EMS had total pre-hospital delays ≤ 120 min compared with 33.0% of those who contacted another source of help (adjusted OR 5.80, C.I. 2.98 to 11.30). ",
"Patients who contacted the EMS also had shorter decision times; 80.3% had a decision time ≤ 60 min compared with 45.7% who contacted another source of help (adjusted OR 4.83, C.I. 2.40 to 9.70). ",
"Interestingly, contacting the EMS was not related to the home-to-hospital component of the total pre-hospital delay period but only to decision time.",
"\n\nWe investigated the correlates of contacting the EMS following symptom onset. ",
"It was not related to age, gender, marital status, education, cardiac history, attribution of symptoms, ACS type, or the presence of a bystander. ",
"However, patients who contacted the EMS were likely to have more intense chest pain (adjusted OR 2.05, C.I. 1.01 to 4.61, *p* = 0.047) and more likely to have an ACS at the weekend rather than a weekday (adjusted OR 1.82, C.I. 0.98 to 3.36, *p* = 0.057) than those who did not.",
"\n\n4. ",
"Discussion\n=============\n\nWhen a wide range of sociodemographic, clinical, social and proximal factors are examined in the same sample population, the results of this study indicate that different factors are associated with the two different components of pre-hospital delay. ",
"This may be important in helping to develop interventions which target specific components of delay. ",
"Our findings support previous research showing that decision time accounts for almost two thirds of pre-hospital delay [@bib19; @bib20]. ",
"Shorter decision times were associated with being married, attributing symptoms to a heart attack, and symptom onset in the presence of a bystander. ",
"Home-to-hospital delays were shorter in patients who had other symptoms as well as chest pain, particularly non-pain symptoms. ",
"Two factors predicted both short decision times and home-to-hospital delays: the type of ACS and symptom onset away from home. ",
"Previous studies showed that both attribution of symptoms to a heart attack and diagnosis of an STEMI predicted shorter decision times and total pre-hospital delays [@bib4; @bib12; @bib21; @bib22] and this combination of factors may help to reduce decision time. ",
"Patients who experienced both STEMI and a greater number of non-pain symptoms (nausea, breathlessness etc) which may be more salient than pain, were more likely to have short home-to-hospital delays, a finding that has not been reported before. ",
"Home-to-hospital delays were not associated with attribution of symptoms to a heart attack, but to the number and variety of symptoms. ",
"Patients who are found to have a STEMI possibly experience symptoms that are perceived as serious, and this may increase their motivation to reach hospital quickly. ",
"The type of ACS may therefore be associated with shorter delays in both components but for different reasons.",
"\n\nMoser et al. [",
"@bib1] have argued that social and proximal factors such as being married, having a bystander present and location at symptom onset play an important role in the cognitive aspects of symptom appraisal. ",
"Our findings support this, showing that both being married and the presence of a bystander predicted short pre-hospital delay, and are associated specifically with the decision time component. ",
"Perhaps not surprisingly, a bystander is more likely to be present if patients are married. ",
"Previous studies have shown conflicting findings concerning the role and relationship of the bystander in pre-hospital delay, since although patients tend to have a short decision time if a bystander is present, this is not the case if the bystander is a relative because family members, particularly spouses, often recommend strategies that increase delay [@bib6; @bib8]. ",
"Our results support previous findings showing that patients who are at home when symptoms begin are likely to have longer pre-hospital delays [@bib8; @bib23], indicating that the relationship between the context in which cardiac symptoms occur and pre-hospital delay is complicated and warrants detailed investigation. ",
"Educational and counseling interventions aimed at reducing decision delay have been found to increase patients knowledge of ACS [@bib24] but it may be useful if future interventions were to incorporate ways of optimizing bystander assistance, particularly among relatives of patients previously identified as at risk of ACS.",
"\n\nOur study highlights the critical role of making initial contact with the EMS in promoting short pre-hospital delays, since the results show that patients who contacted the EMS were more likely to have short decision times. ",
"Patients experiencing acute cardiac symptoms are recommended to contact the EMS directly, not only as the quickest mode of transport to hospital but also because the EMS are trained and equipped to treat life threatening cardiac arrhythmias which often accompany acute cardiac symptoms. ",
"Patients who use the EMS receive reperfusion therapy more promptly than others [@bib1]. ",
"Previous research has shown that patients are often reluctant to use the EMS because they do not believe that their symptoms are serious [@bib5; @bib6; @bib13; @bib25]. ",
"In our study, attribution of symptoms to a heart attack was not a predictor of contacting EMS, however, patients who reported greater intensity of pain were more likely to contact the EMS. ",
"The experience of intense pain may override doubts about the cause or how serious the symptoms are and patients\\' reluctance to seek emergency care. ",
"We also observed that contact with the EMS was more likely when symptoms began at the weekend, perhaps because patients are unwilling to contact their physicians at the weekend thus limiting their choices. ",
"The decision to contact the EMS may therefore reflect broader cognitive and social aspects of symptom appraisal and coping involved in the decision making process.",
"\n\nThis study has some limitations. ",
"The sample size was relatively small in comparison with some other studies. ",
"The average age of patients was younger than in many contemporary clinical cohorts, with a higher proportion of men and patients admitted with STEMI compared with NSTEMI/UA [@bib26; @bib27]. ",
"The exclusion of patients with co-morbidities that can affect symptom presentation, mood or troponin measurements is likely to have excluded older patients. ",
"Only patients with chest pain were included due to the requirements of the larger study [@bib17], leading to the possibility that a proportion of patients who presented without chest pain were excluded. ",
"However, despite these factors, the study cohort remains comparable to similar recent studies of pre-hospital delay [@bib11; @bib12; @bib28]. ",
"It was necessary to collect data retrospectively and to restrict analyses to patients who could recall the time of symptom onset. ",
"Although every effort was made to interview patients soon after admission, data may have been affected by recall bias. ",
"Only survivors could be interviewed thus factors that influenced delay in individuals who did not survive ACS may not have been captured. ",
"We carried out our study in the UK where there is no charge for health care at the point of contact and in a densely urban environment, and different factors may operate in rural areas.",
"\n\n4.1. ",
"Future recommendations\n---------------------------\n\nPre-hospital delay remains a significant obstacle to improving treatment for ACS. ",
"Further work investigating how patients and their relatives appraise symptoms in the two component phases of delay may help in the development of more effectively targeted interventions. ",
"Interventions aimed at helping patients and their families appraise symptoms more accurately and seek help more quickly are likely to reduce delay times here. ",
"The pattern of symptoms, including both pain and non-pain symptoms played an important part in reducing delay in the home-to-hospital component, suggesting that wider educational interventions aimed at the general public as well as clinical staff in recognizing the atypical symptoms of ACS may help to improve the rapidity of hospital admission. ",
"Interventions should focus on challenging unhelpful illness beliefs, and providing information and education concerning atypical patterns of symptoms in relation to ACS and be made more widely available to include patients\\' families, health care professionals and the general public.",
"\n\n5. ",
"Conclusion\n=============\n\nIn conclusion, the strength of this study is that it examined a range of demographic factors in relation the pre-hospital delay and its components simultaneously. ",
"Independent predictors of short decision time included recognizing symptoms as cardiac, being away from home and being with a bystander when they started, where as home-to-hospital delay was predicted by younger age, experiencing an STEMI and a greater number of symptoms and being away from home. ",
"It seems likely that the pattern of symptoms and their interpretation, and the social context in which symptoms occur impact on appraisal and coping strategies at different points along the timeline from onset to hospital admission. ",
"The interplay between patients\\' belief that they may be having a heart attack and social context seems to be a salient area for future research if we are to understand more about which specific factors predict the individual components of delay so as to target interventions effectively.",
"\n\nThis study was supported by the British Heart Foundation, the Medical Research Council and the Economic & Social Research Council. ",
"We are grateful to Dr Susan Edwards for participation in data collection and the staff and patients of University College London Hospital, St. George\\'s Hospital, Southend and Kingston Hospitals.",
"\n\n###### \n\nCharacteristics of patients (*N* = 228)\n\n *N*(%) or mean ± SD\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------\n *Sociodemographic factors* \n Men/women 178/50\n Age (years) 59.0 ± SD 11.2\n Ethnicity: White European 180 (78.9)\n Married 146 (64.0)\n
\n *Socioeconomic factors* \n Educational status \n High School/University qualification 77 (33.8)\n Below High School qualification 53 (23.2)\n No educational qualifications 98 (43.0)\n \n *Cardiac history and risk factors* \n Previous myocardial infarction 26 (11.5)\n Hypertensive 107 (46.9)\n Hypercholesterolemic 104 (47.1)\n Diabetic 33 (13.5)\n Current smoker 97 (42.5)\n Body Mass Index (kg/m[2](#tblfn2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}) 27.2 ± SD 4.5\n Physical activity \n None 149 (65.6)\n Up to 2 times per week 44 (19.4)\n \\> 2 times per week 34 (15.0)\n
\n *Attribution* \n Symptoms attributed to heart attack 58 (25.6)\n
\n *Clinical factors* \n Type of acute coronary syndrome \n UA[a](#tblfn1){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}/NSTEMI[b](#tblfn2){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 67 (29.4)\n STEMI[c](#tblfn3){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 161 (70.6)\n Number of pain symptoms (in addition to chest pain) \n None 35 (15.4)\n 1--3 127 (55.7)\n 4--8 66 (28.9)\n Number of non-pain symptoms \n None 47 (20.6)\n 1--2 108 (47.4)\n 3--6 73 (32.0)\n Intensity of pain (0--10) \n \\< 6 45 (30.4)\n 6--8 45 (30.4)\n 9--10 58 (39.2)\n
\n *Proximal factors* \n Time of symptom onset (h) \n 0001--1200 122 (53.5)\n 1201--2400 106 (46.5)\n Day of onset: weekday 145 (63.6)\n Bystander present 100 (54.6)\n Location: at home 147 (64.8)\n Emergency medical services first contact for help 77/171 (45.0)\n\nUnstable angina.",
"\n\nNon-ST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n\nST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n\n###### \n\nPredictors of short total pre-hospital delays\n\n Delay ≤ 120 min (%) Delay \\> 120 min (%) *p*-value (*χ*^2^) Odds ratio[a](#tblfn4){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 95% Confidence interval *p*-value\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------------- -----------\n *Sociodemographic factors* \n Marital status \n Not married 29.7 41.9 0.056 1 \n Married 70.3 58.1 1.77 (1.01 to 3.11) 0.048\n
\n *Clinical factors* \n Type of acute coronary syndrome \n UA[b](#tblfn5){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}/NSTEMI[c](#tblfn6){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 22.5 35.9 0.027 1 (1.03 to 3.90) 0.028\n STEMI[d](#tblfn7){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 77.5 64.1 1.93 \n Number of pain symptoms: (in addition to chest pain) \n None 11.7 18.8 0.005 1 \n 1--3 49.5 61.5 1.34 (0.62 to 2.93) 0.460\n 4--8 38.7 19.7 3.03 (1.39 to 7.86) 0.007\n Number of non-pain symptoms \n None 15.3 25.6 0.001 1 \n 1--2 41.4 53.0 1.33 (0.65 to 2.73) 0.429\n 3--6 43.2 21.4 3.49 (1.60 to 7.58) 0.002\n
\n *Cardiac risk factors* \n Previous myocardial infarction \n No 83.8 93.1 0.028 1 \n Yes 16.2 6.9 2.80 (1.15 to 6.82) 0.023\n
\n *Attribution* \n Symptoms attributed to heart attack \n No 68.2 80.3 0.036 1 \n Yes 31.8 19.7 1.90 (1.03 to 3.49) 0.039\n
\n *Proximal factors* \n Location at onset \n Home 55.9 73.3 0.006 1 \n Other 44.1 26.7 2.23 (1.25 to 3.95) 0.006\n Presence of a bystander \n Absent 35.5 55.6 0.006 1 \n Present 64.5 44.4 2.26 (1.26 to 4.15) 0.006\n Time of onset \n 0001--1200 44.1 62.4 0.006 1 \n 1201--2400 55.9 37.6 2.08 (1.23 to 3.54) 0.007\n\nAdjusted for age and gender.",
"\n\nUnstable angina.",
"\n\nNon Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n\nST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n\n###### \n\nPredictors of short patient decision times\n\n Decision time ≤ 60 min (%) Decision time \\> 60 min (%) *p*-value (*χ*^2^) Odds ratio[a](#tblfn8){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 95% Confidence interval *p*-value\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------------- -----------\n *Sociodemographic factors* \n Marital status \n Not married 31.2 43.8 0.053 1 \n Married 68.8 56.2 1.85 (1.05 to 3.28) 0.034\n
\n *Clinical factors* \n Type of acute coronary syndrome \n UA[b](#tblfn9){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}/NSTEMI[c](#tblfn10){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 22.5 39.3 0.006 1 \n STEMI[d](#tblfn11){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 77.5 60.7 2.26 (1.26 to 4.06) 0.006\n
\n *Attribution* \n Symptoms attributed to heart attack \n No 66.4 86.5 0.001 1 \n Yes 33.6 13.5 3.24 (1.60 to 6.56) 0.001\n
\n *Proximal factors* \n Presence of a bystander \n Absent 37.3 58.3 0.005 1 \n Present 62.7 41.7 2.35 (1.28 to 4.31) 0.006\n Location at onset \n Home 58.4 75.3 0.009 1 \n Other 41.6 24.7 2.42 (1.32 to 4.47) 0.005\n\nAdjusted for age and gender.",
"\n\nUnstable angina.",
"\n\nNon-ST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n\nST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n\n###### \n\nPredictors of short home-to-hospital delays\n\n Home-to-hospital delay ≤ 60 min (%) Home-to-hospital delay \\> 60 min (%) *p*-value (*χ*^2^) Odds ratio[a](#tblfn12){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 95% Confidence interval *p*-value\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------- -----------\n *Sociodemographic factors* \n Age \n \\> 70 years 15.6 28.6 \\< .005 1 \n 61--70 18.0 28.6 1.13 (0.51 to 2.52) 0.764\n 51--60 37.7 24.8 2.66 (1.23 to 5.72) 0.013\n ≤ 50 years 28.7 18.1 2.72 (1.19 to 6.24) 0.018\n
\n *Clinical factors* \n Type of acute coronary syndrome \n UA[b](#tblfn13){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}/NSTEMI[c](#tblfn14){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 20.5 39.0 0.002 1 \n STEMI[d](#tblfn15){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 79.5 61.0 2.57 (1.40 to 4.72) 0.002\n Number of pain symptoms: (in addition to chest pain) \n None 12.3 19.0 0.090 1 \n 1--3 54.9 56.2 1.85 (0.85 to 4.06) 0.124\n 4--8 32.8 24.8 2.65 (1.11 to 6.35) 0.028\n Number of non-pain symptoms \n None 17.2 24.8 0.026 1 \n 1--2 44.3 50.5 1.45 (0.71 to 2.96) 0.313\n 3--6 38.5 24.8 2.75 (1.25 to 6.02) 0.012\n
\n *Proximal factors* \n Location at onset \n Home 57.4 74.0 0.009 1 \n Other 42.6 26.0 1.81 (1.00 to 3.25) 0.049\n\nAdjusted for age and gender.",
"\n\nUnstable angina.",
"\n\nNon-ST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n\nST elevation myocardial infarction.",
"\n"
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"Metro cop accused of killing Zinhle Muthwa ditches bail\n\nShare this article: Share Tweet Share Share Share Email Share\n\nDurban - Internal disciplinary proceedings against a Durban metro policeman accused of killing his ex-girlfriend, Zinhle Muthwa, have begun ahead of his third appearance in Umbumbulu Magistrate’s Court yesterday. ",
"In addition to the murder charge, Constable Ndumiso Simiso Khumalo, 30, is facing a charge of defeating the ends of justice for allegedly pasting a fake number plate over his vehicle registration in an effort to evade arrest. ",
"Muthwa went missing at the guest house where she was employed on December 31 when she allegedly got into a car that looked like Khumalo’s but had an Empangeni registration plate. ",
"Her body was found on New Year’s Day next to a road in the Ndaya Reserve. ",
"Khumalo, who was meant to apply for bail on Thursday, opted to abandon the application.",
"\n\nMetro police spokesperson Senior Superintendent Parboo Sewpersad said Khumalo had been charged with a very serious crime.",
"\n\n“We’ve taken internal action already. ",
"He has been issued with a notice of intention to suspend. ",
"He was served with this at Westville Prison, where he’s being held,” he said.",
"\n\nSewpersad said Khumalo had worked for metro police since 2010 and was attached to the Multi Operational Response Team.",
"\n\nIn court yesterday, when the matter finally sat after several delays with the arrival of Khumalo as well as the investigating officer, the policeman’s attorney told the court that he was going to abandon his bail application.",
"\n\nAsked to confirm this, Khumalo leaned in confidently grabbing the court mic and in isiZulu said: “Yes, that is correct.”",
"\n\nMuthwa’s father Martin felt Khumalo abandoned his bail application knowing the evidence “was stacked against him”. ",
"Martin hoped for a conviction and life sentence.",
"\n\nDaily News"
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"Correction: We originally reported that Walters works at Duffy & Young, LLC as an associate attorney. ",
"Walters has not worked for this firm since March of 2013.",
"\n\nA 44-year-old white female has been arrested in Charleston for a criminal rampage over a novelty Confederate flag license plate. ",
"It took place yesterday at the Charleston Battery, a popular area for tourists.",
"\n\nLee Ann Walters is accused of tearing a novelty license plate off of a truck. ",
"Then she backed into the driver, causing a knee injury, and fled the scene. ",
"The victim of the attack says Walters hit him intentionally and made eye contact before striking him with the car. ",
"Witnesses say she nearly wrecked her car into concrete pylons trying to flee. ",
"She had children in the car with her.",
"\n\nThe victim was able to write down her license plate number and she was quickly apprehended. ",
"Walters has been charged with fleeing the scene with injury and malicious injury to real property. ",
"The victim sought medical treatment for his knee at the hospital.",
"\n\nThis is not the first time something like this has happened on the Charleston Battery. ",
"In June of last year, a 22-year-old white female from Brooklyn vandalized a truck in the same area. ",
"She tore off two Confederate flags that were mounted to the truck. ",
"The woman and her father both ended up getting arrested and charged with crimes.",
"\n\nMany believe the ongoing media hysteria over the Confederate flag is fueling vandalism and hate crimes against Confederate flag supporters."
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"Q:\n\nIn The 100, where is the round skyscraper located?",
"\n\nI have found this theory crafters map of the area that the TV show “The 100” is set in.",
"\n\nNow I have tried searching for the skyscraper that seems to be seat of power in the show. ",
"The building is round and quite tall. ",
"I have searched Washington DC and Annapolis but that is about it. ",
"I can't find it. ",
"\nHere is a picture of the building I'm talking about (sorry for not being able to find a better one)\n\nEDIT\nhere is a bit better picture of the top of the building and the background.",
"\n\nA:\n\nWe don't know\nThere's been no confirmation of where it is, or if it even exists in the real world. ",
"The nuclear war started in the year 2052 so it could have been built after 2016.",
"\nThe only clues as to the real world location are based on speculation derived from traveling distance to Arkadia, such as Baltimore or Annapolis.",
"\nAnnapolis was originally the most popular fan theory due to the similarity in the names (consider that Ton DC comes from Washington DC). ",
"However Jason Rothberg tweeted that this isn't the reason for the name (and we now know the reason from the show). ",
"However it's not clear whether he is saying that it's not Annapolis or just that it doesn't take it's name from Annapolis.",
"\n\nA:\n\nLos Angeles US Bank Building - doesn't match with the distance that they travel, but....\n\n"
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"School Information\n\nCandidate Qualifications\n\nHave you been accepted to a postsecondary or college program to pursue your education as of today? *",
"\n\nYesNo\n\nIf yes, please provide institution name; or if no, please indicate where you have applied *\n\nGPA *\n\nClass Rank *\n\nACT or SAT Score *\n\nLeadership Activities and Recognition: List TSA and other school offices you have held, and any activities in which you have been involved. *",
"\n\nCommunity Involvement: List community activities (other than TSA or school activities above) in which you have been involved. *",
"\n\nAwards, honors, and educational societies: *\n\nIn 300 words or less, answer the following questions: How has TSA been beneficial to your personal development? ",
"Describe your future career goals. ",
"Also, discuss why you have chosen to pursue a career in education, if you are applying for the Bob Hanson scholarship. *"
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"A Bronze Winner in the 2017 Telly Awards, “Storm Water” is a stop motion animation we produced for the Framingham Department of Works. ",
"The FPW was tasked with explaining the complicated process of their Storm Water systems. ",
"MEDIABOSS suggested utilizing animation and a simple voice over to accomplish this goal."
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"Introduction {#S1}\n============\n\nMaintenance of immunological tolerance requires functional CD4^+^CD25^+^FoxP3^+^ regulatory T cells (Tregs). ",
"Lack of Tregs results in fatal autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorder in mice and IPEX syndrome in humans ([@B1], [@B2]). ",
"The immunomodulatory potency of Tregs attracted great interest for immunotherapy in autoimmunity, allergy, and transplantation ([@B3]). ",
"The promising results obtained by adoptive transfer of Tregs in experimental models are currently being translated into clinical pilot studies of type 1 diabetes, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and solid organ transplantation ([@B4], [@B5]). ",
"However, individualized cell therapy requires specific infrastructure for Treg isolation and expansion, bears high costs and potential risks regarding stability, homogeneity, and fate of transferred Tregs ([@B6]--[@B8]). ",
"The growing understanding of the physiological mechanisms determining Treg development and survival might lead to alternative strategies to exploit their immunomodulatory properties directly *in vivo*.",
"\n\nApoptosis is instrumental in shaping the immune cell repertoire and maintaining immune homeostasis. ",
"Pore formation in the mitochondrial outer membrane by Bax/Bak initiates an orchestrated dismantling of the cell by caspases ([@B9]). ",
"As pore formation is the point-of-no-return leading ultimately to cell death, this process has to be tightly regulated. ",
"Diverse internal and external signals, such as cytokine availability, T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, or costimulation, regulate the expression of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in lymphocytes and thereby control the fate of the cell ([@B10]). ",
"Hence, the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is critically involved in controlling deletional tolerance in the thymus ([@B11]--[@B13]), selection of high-affinity clones ([@B14]), contraction of the conventional T cell (Tcon) pool after antigenic clearance ([@B15]), and maintenance of long-lived memory T cells ([@B16]). ",
"Importantly, survival of distinct T cell subpopulations depends on different Bcl-2 proteins. ",
"Naïve effector and memory T cells depend on Bcl-2 expression ([@B16], [@B17]), whereas IL-2-regulated Mcl-1 expression is particularly important for Treg homeostasis ([@B18]). ",
"Notably, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are dispensable for Treg survival, as demonstrated by the fact that FoxP3-specific deletion of Bcl-xL did not affect Treg survival ([@B18]).",
"\n\nThis differential expression and dependency on Bcl-2 factors among lymphocyte subpopulations might be exploited as a novel target for immunotherapy. ",
"Particularly, small molecule inhibitors selectively targeting certain Bcl-2 family members might provide a novel pharmacological tool for immunomodulation through a selective depletion of lymphocyte subsets by apoptosis. ",
"The small molecule inhibitor ABT-737 binds Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w proteins with high affinity, and Mcl-1 and A1 with much lower affinity ([@B19]). ",
"Thus, cell populations whose survival depends primarily on antiapoptotic Mcl-1 and/or A1 are resistant to ABT-737-mediated apoptosis ([@B20], [@B21]). ",
"We hypothesized that survival of Tregs should not be affected by Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibition and that the previously reported lymphotoxic effect of ABT-737 might spare the Treg compartment ([@B22], [@B23]).",
"\n\nMaterials and Methods {#S2}\n=====================\n\nMice {#S2-1}\n----\n\nC57BL/6 (B6, H-2^b^), CBA (H-2^k^), BALB/c (H-2^d^), B6xCBAF1 (H-2^b/k^), B6.Cg-FoxP3^tm1Mal^/J (FoxP3-GFP, H-2^b^), and B6-Tg(FoxP3-DTR/EGFP)^23.3Spar^ (DEREG, H-2^b^) mice were housed under pathogen-free conditions at the University of Zürich and used for experiments at the age of 8--16 weeks, always in age- and sex-matched groups. ",
"FoxP3-GFP mice express eGFP under the control of the FoxP3 transcription factor ([@B24]) and were kindly provided by Bernard Malissen (Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, France). ",
"With aging, these mice seem to express higher percentage of Tregs. ",
"For this reason, FoxP3-GFP mice were always perfectly age-matched within one experiment. ",
"DEREG mice express a FoxP3 BAC-driven primate diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor fused to eGFP, allowing to specifically depleting FoxP3^+^ cells with DT administration ([@B25]). ",
"DEREG mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory, and B6, CBA, BALB/c, and B6xCBA F1 mice were purchased from Harlan Laboratories. ",
"All animal experiments were performed according to protocols approved by the local legal authority (Veterinary office, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland).",
"\n\nFluorescent-Activated Cell Sorting {#S2-2}\n----------------------------------\n\nFluorescent-activated cell sorting analyses were performed with a FACS Canto II or LSR II Fortessa (Becton Dickinson). ",
"The following antibodies were used to stain 1 × 10^6^ cells of single cell suspensions of spleen or peripheral blood: CD4 (GK1.5) -PE, -APC, -AF700, CD8 (eBioH35.-17.2) -APC, B220 (RA3-6B2) -PE, CD25 (PC61.5) -PE/Cy7, -APC, F(ab')2-FITC anti-rabbit IgG, FoxP3 (FJK-16s) -biotin, streptavidin--APC (all eBioscience), CD8 (53-6.7) -APC/Cy7 (all BioLegend), Mcl-1 (Y37), Bcl-2A1 (EP517Y) (both Abcam), Bcl-2 (3F11) -FITC (Becton Dickinson), and Bcl-xL (54H6) -Alexa488, Bim (polyclonal) (both Cell Signaling Technologies). ",
"For live-dead discrimination PI, 7-AAD or Zombie Aqua fixable viability kit (BioLegend) was used. ",
"Mice were bled sublingual and chimerism was analyzed in peripheral leukocytes at different time points after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and donor-derived cells were identified by staining of donor H-2K^k^. From the signal measured in a positive control (CBA), the background signal of a negative control (B6) was subtracted and converted to be 100%. ",
"The same formula was then used to calculate the percentage of donor-derived cells in mixed chimeras. ",
"For intracellular staining, a FoxP3-staining buffer set (eBioscience) was used according to the manufacturer's instructions.",
"\n\nABT-737 Sensitivity *In Vitro* {#S2-3}\n------------------------------\n\nFor *in vitro* experiments, ABT-737 (AbbVie Bioresearch) was dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 5 mM and then further diluted in RPMI medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol. ",
"Either freshly isolated, *in vitro* IL-2- (R&D Systems, PeproTech) stimulated (3 days with 100 U/ml) or alloantigen-stimulated FoxP3-GFP splenocytes (see iTregs below) were plated in 96-well plates in culture medium at a concentration of 2.5 × 10^6^ cells/ml. ",
"Different amounts of ABT-737 or DMSO vehicle control were added to cells and incubated for 12 h at 37°C and 5% CO~2~. Cells were washed 3×, stained, and viability of CD4^+^(CD25^+^)GFP^+^ and CD4^+^(CD25^−^)GFP^−^ cell populations was assessed by PI or 7-AAD exclusion. ",
"Absolute cell counts per well were determined by the addition of absolute counting beads (Invitrogen). ",
"Surviving cell numbers of each population were normalized to the corresponding vehicle condition.",
"\n\n*In Vitro* Antigenic Treg Stimulation {#S2-4}\n-------------------------------------\n\nFor Treg activation, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) were performed in 24-well plates. ",
"CBA splenocytes (stimulators) were depleted of T cells (CD3 microbeads), and FoxP3-GFP splenocytes (responders) were depleted of CD25^+^ cells by automatic magnetic cell separation according to manufacturer's instructions (Miltenyi Biotec) and then plated at a 1:1 ratio at a concentration of 4 × 10^6^ cells/ml. ",
"Anti-CD154 antibody (50 μg/ml, MR1, Bio-X-cell) was added and cells were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO~2~. After 24 h of stimulation, 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 (R&D Systems, PeproTech) and 100 U/ml IL-2 were added to the cultures. ",
"After another 72 h of stimulation, all cells were pooled and plated in 96-well plates in order to test ABT-737 sensitivity (see above).",
"\n\n*In Vivo* Antibody and Drug Treatments {#S2-5}\n--------------------------------------\n\nAntibodies against CD154 (MR1), CD25 (PC61.5) (Bio-X-cell), and GITR \\[DTA-1, provided by Sakaguchi ([@B26])\\] were diluted in PBS and injected i.p. ",
"as described below. ",
"DT (1 μg, Calbiochem) was administered by i.p. ",
"injection on two consecutive days ([@B27]). ",
"For *in vivo* application, ABT-737 was dissolved in polyethylene glycol, Tween 80, DMSO, and dextrose solution, and injected i.p. ",
"at 50 mg/kg. ",
"CsA (Enzo Life Sciences) was dissolved in a Cremaphor EL/ethanol solution, then diluted in HBSS, and injected s.c. ",
"at 10 mg/kg. ",
"Control mice were treated with the corresponding vehicles.",
"\n\nShort- and Long-Term ABT-737 Treatment {#S2-6}\n--------------------------------------\n\nFor short-term ABT-737 treatment, mice received five ABT-737 injections from days −3 to −1, before their spleens were harvested and analyzed on day 0. ",
"For long-term ABT-737 treatment, mice received injections for 4 weeks every other day and were bled sublingual on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28.",
"\n\nSkin Grafting {#S2-7}\n-------------\n\nIn all skin graft experiments, B6 or DEREG mice were recipients, CBA mice were donors, and BALB/c mice were third party controls. ",
"CBA and BALB/c are fully MHC-mismatched to B6/DEREG and among each other. ",
"For skin transplantations, recipient mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, pain treated with carprofen (NSAID), and shaved. ",
"Full thickness tail skin (about 1 cm^2^) of donors and third party controls was grafted to the back and considered rejected, when \\<10% of the graft remained viable (non-blinded).",
"\n\nDonor-Specific Transfusion {#S2-8}\n--------------------------\n\nIn the donor-specific transfusion (DST) experiment, recipient mice were treated with a total of five injections of ABT-737/vehicle on days −3 to −1, and anti-CD154 antibodies on days 0, 6, 11, and 14 (0.25 mg each). ",
"On day 0, recipients received 1 × 10^7^ donor splenocytes in Media 199 containing 10 mM HEPES, 10 μg/ml DNAse, and 4 μg/ml gentamycin by tail vein injection. ",
"B6 recipients received anti-GITR (4 mg) antibodies on day 6, DEREG recipients DT on day 6/7, and skin was grafted on day 7.",
"\n\nBone Marrow Transplantation {#S2-9}\n---------------------------\n\nThe ABT-737 tolerance protocol was described in detail previously ([@B28]). ",
"The conditioning of mice consisted of ABT-737 and CsA treatment with a total of five injections on days −3 to −1, and one daily injection until day 11. ",
"Anti-CD154 antibodies (2 mg) were administered once 6 h before the transplantation of 25 × 10^6^ donor BM cells by tail vein injection on day 0 (in the same medium as described above for DST). ",
"Tregs were depleted with anti-CD25 antibodies (1.25 mg) or blocked with anti-GITR antibodies (4 mg) on day −1. ",
"Peripheral blood chimerism was monitored and 8 weeks after BMT all mice received skin grafts.",
"\n\nGraft-Versus-Host Disease {#S2-10}\n-------------------------\n\nOn day 0, B6xCBA F1 recipient mice were lethally irradiated (900 cGy) with a Cs source. ",
"Six hours later, mice were transplanted with 1 × 10^7^ DEREG BM cells and 2 × 10^7^ DEREG splenocytes by tail vein injection (in the same medium as described above for DST), which corresponded to 5.7 × 10^6^ T cells in total. ",
"Furthermore, mice received cefazolin (antibiotic, 1 mg) after transplantation on days 0 and 2. ",
"ABT-737 and/or CsA treatment started on day −1 and was continued until day 10, and following doses were injected: day −1: 75 mg/kg ABT-737 and 15 mg/kg CsA; day 0: 100 mg/kg ABT-737 and 15 mg/kg CsA; days 1--3: 50 mg/kg ABT-737 and 10 mg/kg CsA; and days 4--10: 25--50 mg/kg ABT-737 (mostly 35 mg/kg) and 10 mg/ml CsA. Thereafter, mice continued to receive 10 mg/kg CsA until death. ",
"In the initial phase after irradiation and T cell transfer, some of the already weakened animals did not well tolerate ABT-737 treatment and about 25% of animals died during the first few days after transplantation. ",
"Accordingly, ABT-737 dose was adjusted to the condition of individual animals. ",
"Tregs were depleted on day 14/15 by DT administration. ",
"Mice were monitored daily and severity of GVHD was assessed non-blinded by a score consisting of (a) posture/activity, (b) fur texture, (c) skin integrity, and (d) body weight loss, as previously described in Ref. ([",
"@B29]).",
"\n\n*In Vivo* Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction {#S2-11}\n-----------------------------------\n\nFor the \"*in vivo* MLR\" experiment, F1 (B6xCBAF1) recipient mice received anti-CD154 antibodies (2 mg) 6 h before tail vein injection of 30 × 10^6^ B6.FoxP3-GFP splenocytes (in the medium as described above for DST). ",
"The following 3 days mice received one daily injection of ABT-737/vehicle and CsA. Spleens were harvested and analyzed on day 4.",
"\n\nHemisplenectomy {#S2-12}\n---------------\n\nFor hemisplenectomy, mice were anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation, pain treated with buprenorphine, and treated with cefazolin (antibiotic). ",
"The abdomen was opened by midline incision, and two ligations were placed around the inferior vascular pedicle and the middle of the spleen, before half of the spleen was removed inferior to the intrasplenic ligation. ",
"The abdominal wall was closed with continuous suture.",
"\n\nStatistics {#S2-13}\n----------\n\nStatistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism software. ",
"Unpaired two-tailed Student's *t*-test was used to assess statistical differences between groups. ",
"IC~50~ values were calculated using a log(inhibitor) vs. (normalized) response model (variable slope) for *in vitro* ABT-737 sensitivity analysis. ",
"Survival in Kaplan--Meier survival curves was compared using log-rank test. ",
"In animal experiments, each data point represents results from one single mouse, whereas in *in vitro* experiments, one data point represents the mean of technical replicates (usually triplicates). *",
"P* \\< 0.05 was considered significant, \\**P* \\< 0.05; \\*\\**P* \\< 0.01; \\*\\*\\**P* \\< 0.001, and n.s., ",
"not significant.",
"\n\nResults {#S3}\n=======\n\nBcl-2/Bcl-xL Inhibition Results in Relative Treg Enrichment {#S3-1}\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo investigate the proapoptotic effect of ABT-737 on different lymphocyte subpopulations, we assessed cell viability after overnight incubation of freshly isolated splenocytes with ABT-737 *in vitro*. ",
"Tregs displayed a consistent survival advantage over Tcons, as reflected in a 13.2× higher IC~50~ value (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}A). ",
"As a result, ABT-737 treatment led to a relative enrichment of Tregs *in vitro* (from 14.5 to 29.7% Tregs among CD4^+^ cells with increasing ABT-737 concentrations, Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ",
"This resistance is consistent with the fact that the ABT-737 resistance factor Mcl-1 is of predominant importance for Treg survival ([@B18]). ",
"Comparison of the protein expression levels of the various antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members and proapoptotic Bim showed very similar expression of all factors among FoxP3^+^CD25^+^ Treg and FoxP3^−^CD25^−^ Tcon populations, with the only exception of Bcl-xL (Figure S1 in Supplementary Material). ",
"After stimulation with IL-2, the resistance of Tregs increased further (approx. ",
"3300× higher IC~50~ value than Tcon), leading to a Treg enrichment up to 47% (Figures [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}C,D). ",
"This increased resistance to ABT-737 correlated to a strong upregulation of Mcl-1 under the effect of IL-2 (Figures [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}E,F).",
"\n\n{#F1}\n\nThe relative resistance of Tregs to the proapoptotic effect of ABT-737 was confirmed *in vivo*. ",
"Naïve mice were treated for 3 days with a total of five injections of ABT-737. ",
"This resulted in moderate lymphopenia as reflected in a reduced number of CD4^+^FoxP3^−^ Tcons in the spleen. ",
"Absolute Treg numbers were also reduced upon ABT-737 treatment, but to a lesser extent than Tcon (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}G) ([@B22], [@B23]). ",
"Thus, Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition led to a significant higher percentage of Tregs among CD4^+^ cells in comparison to vehicle controls (Figures [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}H,I). ",
"To follow the enrichment of FoxP3^+^ cells among CD4 T cells in the spleen of the same mouse, hemisplenectomy was performed after 3 days of ABT-737 treatment. ",
"A 1.53-fold enrichment of Tregs compared to vehicle-treated animals was observed. ",
"FACS analysis of the remaining half of the spleen 10 days later showed equal percentage of FoxP3^+^ cells in the two groups; thus, Treg enrichment was rapidly reversed after therapy discontinuation (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}J). ",
"Furthermore, we observed that this enrichment was transient also under continuous treatment with ABT-737, with a peak at day 14 and with a return to baseline levels after 28 days (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}K). ",
"Thus, Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition resulted in a relative, temporary enrichment of Tregs *in vitro* and *in vivo*.",
"\n\nAntigen-Stimulated Tregs Are Resistant to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Inhibition {#S3-2}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nBlockade of the CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway is a widely used approach in experimental tolerance protocols, and these protocols often promote Treg expansion and depend on their suppressive activity ([@B30]--[@B32]). ",
"Thus, we wished to investigate the impact of selective Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition on survival of Tregs under such conditions of concomitant antigenic stimulation and anti-CD154 blockade. ",
"We stimulated Tregs *in vitro* from CD25-depleted naïve splenocytes with allogeneic cells in the presence of CD154 blocking antibody (MR1) and TGF-β/IL-2 cytokines. ",
"ABT-737 incubation revealed high resistance of alloantigen-activated Tregs, similar to the previously observed resistance of activated CD25^+^ Tcons (IC~50~ value 36,000× higher than in CD25^−^ Tcons) (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}L) ([@B21]).",
"\n\nTo investigate the properties of activated Tregs *in vivo*, we took advantage of an \"*in vivo* MLR model.\" ",
"B6.FoxP3-GFP splenocytes were transferred into F1 (B6xCBA) recipients under costimulation blockade with anti-CD154 antibodies, followed by ABT-737 or vehicle treatment for 3 days. ",
"Low-dose cyclosporine A (CsA) was combined with ABT-737 to prevent TCR--calcineurin--NFAT1-dependent upregulation of Bcl-2A1 (A1) in Tcons and thus preventing resistance of Tcons upon antigenic stimulation ([@B21]). ",
"ABT-737 treatment resulted in moderate lymphopenia and in a 2.4-fold enrichment of donor-derived Tregs (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}M). ",
"Taken together, antigen-stimulated Tregs were resistant to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition and exposure to ABT-737 resulted in a shift of the balance between Tregs and Tcons in favor of the Treg compartment.",
"\n\nTreg-Dependent Alleviation of GVHD upon ABT-737 Treatment {#S3-3}\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nRegulatory T cells are recognized for alleviating the course of GVHD, and Treg therapy has been successfully tested in this condition ([@B5]). ",
"Therefore, for the first functional application of our concept, we aimed to investigate whether ABT-737 mediated Treg enrichment has a favorable impact on GVHD. ",
"Recipient F1 (B6xCBA) mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with allogenic B6.DEREG bone marrow and T cells. ",
"DEREG mice express a FoxP3-driven primate DT receptor, which allows selective Treg depletion by DT administration ([@B25]). ",
"Body weight and a GVHD score consisting of activity/posture, fur texture, skin integrity, and weight loss was assessed daily. ",
"Mice were either treated with combined ABT-737 and low-dose CsA or CsA alone, starting 1 day before cell transfer and continued for 10 days (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}A). ",
"GVHD onset was about 10 days after transplantation in control mice treated only with CsA, and the disease progressed to lethality within 3 weeks (Figures [2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}B--D). ",
"ABT-737 treated animals presented a markedly attenuated course of GVHD. ",
"Due to the severity of the disease, mice were not bled in order to directly show relative enrichment of Tegs upon ABT-737 treatment in this setting. ",
"However, Tregs were integral in mediating the positive effects of treatment, as Treg depletion at day 14 after transplantation induced a rapid onset of GVHD \\[median survival time (MST) 49.5 vs. 25.5 days in Treg depleted group, *P* \\< 0.001\\]. ",
"None of the ABT-737 treated animals developed skin lesions, and thus, they did not reach the maximal GVHD score. ",
"In conclusion, ABT-737 substantially attenuated GVHD across full MHC barriers and this effect was mediated by Tregs.",
"\n\n{#F2}\n\nABT-737 Treatment Leads to Treg-Mediated Donor-Specific Hyporesponsiveness {#S3-4}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo investigate whether this immunomodulatory effect was antigen-specific, we took advantage of an established model of full MHC-mismatched skin transplantation after DST under costimulation blockade ([@B33]). ",
"B6 or B6.DEREG-recipient mice received donor-type splenocytes (CBA) under the effect of anti-CD154 antibody (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}A). ",
"This induction therapy leads to deletion/anergy of donor-specific Tcons, favors the generation of Tregs, and results in transient donor-specific hyporesponsiveness ([@B34]). ",
"We combined this protocol with a 3-day ABT-737 treatment prior to i.v. ",
"splenocyte injection. ",
"Seven days after DST, recipient mice received donor-type (CBA) and third party control (BALB/c) skin grafts. ",
"In this stringent strain combination, the original DST protocol (vehicle group) did not significantly prolong skin graft survival (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ",
"However, the short additional treatment with ABT-737 was sufficient to markedly prolong donor-type skin graft survival up to more than 100 days in some recipients (MST 39/87 days for ABT-737 and 12/13 days for vehicle, Figures [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}D,F). ",
"Notably, this effect was donor-specific and not due to generalized immunosuppression, as demonstrated by the only slightly delayed rejection of third party grafts. ",
"To assess the importance of Tregs in ABT-737-induced donor-specific hyporesponsiveness in this model, we depleted Tregs by DT injection in DEREG recipients or inhibited their function by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene) ligation the day prior to skin transplantation ([@B35]). ",
"In absence of a functional Treg compartment, all skin grafts were rapidly rejected, and no difference between donor-type and third party grafts was observed (Figures [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}C--G). ",
"Thus, although ABT-737 might have additional Treg-independent effects influencing graft survival, we show here that the ABT-737-induced hyporesponsiveness was critically dependent on Tregs, and the transient alteration of the Treg/Tcon balance after ABT-737 treatment was sufficient to create a strong tolerogenic milieu.",
"\n\n{#F3}\n\nInduction of Transplantation Tolerance by ABT-737 Depends on Tregs {#S3-5}\n------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nA transient state of Treg-mediated donor-specific hyporesponsiveness might represent an ideal environment to promote engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow cells. ",
"We previously showed that a 2-week conditioning treatment with ABT-737, low-dose CsA, costimulation blockade (anti-CD154), and transplantation of 25 × 10^6^ bone marrow cells resulted in stable mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism and complete deletion of donor-reactive CD8^+^ cells in a fully MHC-mismatched strain combination (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}A) ([@B28]). ",
"Grafting of donor-type (CBA) and third party control (BALB/c) skin grafts to B6 recipients 8 weeks later confirmed stable donor-specific immunological tolerance in most animals (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ",
"We hypothesized that ABT-737 mediated Treg enrichment is a critical factor for tolerance induction in this myelosuppression-free protocol. ",
"To test this hypothesis, Tregs were either depleted with anti-CD25 antibody or functionally inhibited by GITR ligation the day prior to BMT. ",
"This antibody treatment indeed precluded the establishment of tolerance to skin grafts in all animals, because mixed chimerism induction was hampered in the absence of a functional Treg compartment (Figures [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}C,D). ",
"Thus, the transient tolerogenic milieu caused by Treg enrichment through Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition was required to induce mixed chimerism without myelosuppressive conditioning.",
"\n\n{#F4}\n\nDiscussion {#S4}\n==========\n\nA dysregulated balance between regulatory and effector cell populations is often involved in overshooting immune activation, such as in transplant rejection, autoimmunity, or allergies. ",
"Thus, the achievement of functional dominance of Tregs over Tcons is a major aim in a wide range of clinical conditions. ",
"Direct *in vivo* manipulation of the Treg/Tcon balance represents an alternative to Treg therapy in order to achieve Treg-mediated tolerance, and this can be achieved by the selective reduction or functional inhibition of Tcons, while preserving the Treg population. ",
"To reach this goal, pathways that are differentially regulated among these two cell populations need to be identified and pharmacologically manipulated. ",
"For example, cellular metabolism reflected in differential mTOR activity has been proposed to be such a pathway ([@B36]), and low-dose IL-2 administration selectively favored expansion of Tregs ([@B37]).",
"\n\nIn the present study, we propose the intrinsic apoptosis pathway as promising target to exploit the immunomodulatory potency of Tregs. ",
"On a functional level, antiapoptotic Mcl-1 is the predominant survival factor in Tregs, and loss of Mcl-1 results in drastic reduction of Treg numbers. ",
"In contrast, loss of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL does neither result in a relative reduction of Treg numbers nor loss of function ([@B18]). ",
"Thus, the relative importance of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2/Bcl-xL varies among Tregs and Tcons. ",
"According to a previous study, Tregs display a slightly differential expression pattern in apoptosis-related genes than Tcons, which might account for differences in sensitivity to cytotoxic stress ([@B38]). ",
"There, the biggest difference was found in Bcl-xL expression, a finding that we confirmed on protein level. ",
"Despite the facts that Bcl-xL is bound with high affinity by ABT-737 and at the same time seems to be redundant for Treg survival, it may confer resistance toward ABT-737-mediated apoptosis. ",
"In fact, it has been shown that increased Bcl-xL expression in lymphocytes confers resistance to ABT-737-mediated killing ([@B39]). ",
"In the present study, we pharmacologically exploited these differences in the regulation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway among Tregs and Tcons. ",
"Combined inhibition of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induced a functionally important Treg enrichment *in vivo*. ",
"This concept was tested in very stringent immunological models: short-term Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition was sufficient to substantially alleviate GVHD, to inhibit allogeneic immune responses against fully MHC-mismatched skin grafts and to allow bone marrow engraftment without myelosuppression in a mixed chimersm model. ",
"The tolerogenic effect of ABT-737 was only transient, but in combination with BMT, this approach allowed the induction of stable tolerance across full MHC barriers. ",
"Importantly, activated Tregs were even more resistant to ABT-737 than naïve Tregs, and these activated Tregs are presumably responsible for the donor-specificity observed in skin graft experiments. ",
"This fact offers the opportunity to generate an antigen-specific tolerogenic environment with broad clinical implication for immunomodulatory therapies. ",
"In transplantation medicine, donor-specific immunosuppression would represent an important step toward the prevention of rejection without the risks for infections and cancers.",
"\n\nEvasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, as Bcl-2 factors are often overexpressed in malignant cells. ",
"Thus, large efforts are taken for developing highly selective Bcl-2 family inhibitors. ",
"To date, little is known about apoptosis regulation in human T cell subsets. ",
"For clinical translation of the proposed immunomodulatory concept, closer research on human cells will be needed, but tailored Bcl-2 inhibition is likely to translate into clinical therapies. ",
"Several Bcl-2 inhibitors have already entered clinical trials for various cancers and recently, a phase I study with ABT-199 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients has been completed ([@B40]--[@B42]). ",
"Bcl-2 inhibitors showed a favorable toxicity profile so far. ",
"The present study might stimulate further research on the effect of these inhibitors on T cells subsets directly in patients and importantly, it might draw attention to potentially unwanted side-effects in cancer patients with regard to a tumor immunology point-of-view by changing the Treg/Tcon balance on the short-term.",
"\n\nAuthor Contributions {#S5}\n====================\n\nSG, TF, and PC designed experiments and wrote the paper. ",
"SG performed all experiments, analyzed the data, and prepared the figures. ",
"NB helped with *in vitro* experiments and JC with skin grafts and hemisplenectomy. ",
"TW and AB provided scientific input. ",
"TF supervised the project.",
"\n\nConflict of Interest Statement {#S6}\n==============================\n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.",
"\n\nWe thank AbbVie Bioresearch (Worcester, MA, USA) for providing ABT-737, Simona Rossi (Basel University, Switzerland) for providing FoxP3-GFP mice, and Shimon Sakaguchi (Osaka University, Japan) for GITR antibody producing hybridoma cells.",
"\n\nFunding {#S7}\n=======\n\nThe project was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 310030_138450 to TF and 323530-133893 to PC) and the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (to SG).",
"\n\nSupplementary Material {#S8}\n======================\n\nThe Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at <http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00073>\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.",
"\n\n[^1]: Edited by: Stephen Paul Cobbold, University of Oxford, UK\n\n[^2]: Reviewed by: David William Scott, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA; Abdelhadi Saoudi, Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, France\n\n[^3]: ^†^Equal contribution for second authorship.",
"\n\n[^4]: ^‡^Equal contribution for last authorship.",
"\n\n[^5]: Specialty section: This article was submitted to Immunological Tolerance, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | [
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[
"Structure-Based Discovery and Optimization of Benzo[ d]isoxazole Derivatives as Potent and Selective BET Inhibitors for Potential Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC).",
"\nThe bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins have gained increasing interest as drug targets for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ",
"Here, we describe the design, optimization, and evaluation of benzo[ d]isoxazole-containing compounds as potent BET bromodomain inhibitors. ",
"Cocrystal structures of the representative inhibitors in complex with BRD4(1) provided solid structural basis for compound optimization. ",
"The two most potent compounds, 6i (Y06036) and 7m (Y06137), bound to the BRD4(1) bromodomain with Kd values of 82 and 81 nM, respectively. ",
"They also exhibited high selectivity over other non-BET subfamily members. ",
"The compounds potently inhibited cell growth, colony formation, and the expression of AR, AR regulated genes, and MYC in prostate cancer cell lines. ",
"Compounds 6i and 7m also demonstrated therapeutic effects in a C4-2B CRPC xenograft tumor model in mice. ",
"These potent and selective BET inhibitors represent a new class of compounds for the development of potential therapeutics against CRPC."
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"Q:\n\nHibernate Spatial 5 - GeometryType\n\nAfter upgrading Hibernate-spatial to Version 5.0.0.CR2 the following declaration doesn't work anymore:\n@Column(columnDefinition = \"geometry(Point,4326)\")\n@Type(type = \"org.hibernate.spatial.",
"GeometryType\")\nprivate Point position;\n\nwith an:\norg.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.spi.",
"ClassLoadingException: Unable to load class [org.hibernate.spatial.",
"GeometryType]\n\nAs I can see the class doesn't exist in the Jar-File anymore. ",
"What happend to the GeometryType and how is it replaced? ",
"Or is there another jar-file to include?",
"\nEdit: For clarification. ",
"I am using Hibernate-Spatial in Combination with a PostgreSQL-Postgis database.",
"\n\nA:\n\nWell the solution is too easy to see. ",
"Simply delete the @Type annotation, so the declaration looks like this:\n@Column(columnDefinition = \"geometry(Point,4326)\")\nprivate Point position;\n\nSource:\n\nNote the @Type annotation. ",
"This informs Hibernate that the location attribute is of type Geometry. ",
"The @Type annotation is Hibernate specific, and the only non-JPA annotation that is required. (",
"In future versions of Hibernate (version 5 and later) it will no longer be necessary to explicitly declare the Type of Geometry-valued attributes.)",
"\n\nA:\n\nThe solution suggested by Denis above did not work for me on Hiberate 5 spatial and Mysql. ",
"However the following annotations worked for me\n @Column(name = \"location\",columnDefinition=\"Geometry\")\n private Geometry location;\n\n @Column(name = \"pointlocation\",columnDefinition=\"Point\")\n private Point pointlocation;\n\nIf you are running Hibernate 5.3+ you can skip out on column definitions\n @Column(name = \"location\")\n private Geometry location;\n\n @Column(name = \"pointlocation\")\n private Point pointlocation;\n\nA:\n\nSo I've been battling this problem for a few days, the thing is that I wanted the database type to be from the postgis type in order for me to run efficient distance queries for nearest neighbour etc. ",
"I finally figured out how to do it and wanted to share it with the community so I created a demo project containing the solution to the problem.",
"\nMy setup is a PostgreSQL database with Postgis, Spring boot jpa, Hibernate 5+, Hibernate-spatial 5+ and also added converting to rest output, which again required a special module from jackson.",
"\nthe project is found at https://github.com/Wisienkas/springJpaGeo \nthe important code you was asking for was this:\n@type(type = \"jts_geometry\")\nprivate Point point;\n\n"
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"The US and Europe are to demand that Iran dismantle its fortified underground nuclear facility and halt higher-grade uranium enrichment at a new round of talks this week as a condition for lifting sanctions and the threat of a military attack – demands that Tehran swiftly denounced as \"irrational\".",
"\n\nBarack Obama has reiterated that Washington is prepared to accept Tehran maintaining a peaceful nuclear power programme, but at the same time the White House is becoming more explicit in warning that the negotiations beginning in Istanbul on Friday are \"perhaps a last chance\" for diplomacy to work.",
"\n\nDiplomats say Iran will be pressed by the permanent UN security council members plus Germany, known as the P5+1, to shut its underground nuclear facility at Fordo, to stop enriching uranium to 20%, and to hand over the estimated 100kg of uranium already enriched to that level.",
"\n\nThe demands match those made by Binyamin Netanyahu at a White House meeting last month at which Obama pressed the Israeli prime minister to hold off from a military attack on Iran and give sanctions and diplomacy an opportunity to work. ",
"Britain and France are also pushing for Iran to dismantle those parts of its nuclear programme that could be used for weapons.",
"\n\nNetanyahu repeated the three requirements in a meeting with the Italian prime minister, Mario Monti, on Sunday. ",
"He also warned against allowing Iran to use the talks \"to delay and deceive\".",
"\n\nThe Israeli prime minister also said in an interview with Maariv newspaper (link in Hebrew) at the weekend that the underground nuclear facility at Fordo must be shut down.",
"\n\n\"What do they need it for?\" ",
"he asked. \"",
"I think we should make very explicit demands about ending all enrichment and the removal of enriched material and converting the nuclear programme back [to non-military use]. ",
"If we come with clear requirements along with the threat of more sanctions then it's possible there could be a result. ",
"But if there are sanctions without demands, then the sanctions will not help. ",
"Our goal is not the talks but the result. ",
"The result is an end to Iran's nuclear programme.\"",
"\n\nIran has said it will not close the Fordo facility nor surrender enriched uranium. ",
"The head of Iran's Atomic Energy Organisation, Fereydoon Abbasi-Davani, told the Iranian state news agency both demands were irrational. ",
"He said the Fordo facility was built underground because of the threat of attack by Israel and the US.",
"\n\n\"If they do not threaten us and guarantee that no aggression will occur, then there would be no need for countries to build facilities underground. ",
"They should change their behaviour and language,\" he said. \"",
"We do not see any rationale for such a request from the P5+1\".",
"\n\nHowever, he repeated the Iranian leadership's assertion that Tehran has no intention of producing large amounts of 20% enriched uranium.",
"\n\nIt is not clear that Washington can carry all of the P5+1 in pressing the demand for Fordo to be dismantled, particularly with Russia and China prepared to give Tehran room for manoeuvre. ",
"One diplomat suggested that Washington may be emphasising the issue in order to satisfy the Israelis but that the group may be prepared to settle for an agreement to freeze the number of centrifuges at Fordo, which are believed to be too few to produce weapons-grade uranium at a pace sufficient to develop a bomb in the foreseeable future.",
"\n\nIsrael's defence minister, Ehud Barak, made little mention of the Fordo facility itself and instead dwelled on the uranium on Sunday. ",
"He warned that for the major powers to accept anything less than the demand for an end to enrichment would be a victory for Tehran.",
"\n\nBarak told CNN: \"We told our American friends as well as the Europeans that we would have expected the pressure for successful negotiations to be clear – namely that the P5+1 will demand clearly, no more enrichment to 20% [and] all the already enriched 20% material out of the country.\"",
"\n\n\"But if the P5+1 will settle for a much lower threshold, like just stop enriching to 20%, it means that basically the Iranians, at a very cheap cost, bought their way into continuing their military programme. ",
"Slightly slower but without sanctions. ",
"That will be a total change of direction for the worse.\"",
"\n\nThe Israeli defence minister added that while oil and banking sanctions have clearly had an impact, causing inflation in Iran to nearly double to 21.5% in urban areas, he doubted they would be enough to force Tehran's hand.",
"\n\n\"We hope for the better but I don't believe that this amount of sanctions and pressure will bring the Iranian leadership to the conclusion that they have to stop their nuclear military programme.\"",
"\n\nBarak repeated his view that while matters will not come to a head within weeks, it will not take years, either.",
"\n\nIsrael is itself an undeclared nuclear power with an undetermined number of atom bombs.",
"\n\nObama continues to throw his weight behind diplomacy and sanctions while warning he will use force as a last resort. ",
"Washington, however, does not believe there is the urgency that Israel claims, in part because the White House is sceptical that Iran is as close to being able to develop a nuclear weapon as Netanyahu says.",
"\n\nLast month in Washington, the Israeli prime minister publicly derided sanctions and claims that Tehran is not already engaged in developing a nuclear weapon.",
"\n\nThe US president has sent several messages to Tehran in recent days warning that this is perhaps the last chance to negotiate an end to the crisis. ",
"The most recent was passed via the Turkish prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, at a meeting in South Korea on nuclear non-proliferation.",
"\n\nThe US secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, has also pressed the message that time is running out for negotiations. ",
"She said last week that the US was taking part in the talks in Turkey because they may be \"a last chance to demonstrate a way forward that can satisfy the international community's concerns and have Iran come forward and accept limitations on what they are able to do\".",
"\n\nClinton warned that she did \"not want the Iranians to go into it with the attitude of that we can just keep it open and never have to come to any outcome\".",
"\n\nThe talks will be the first in more than a year. ",
"The last round failed after Iran refused to abide by UN resolutions to stop enriching uranium to higher grades."
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[
"Glons\n\nGlons (; ) is a village in the municipality of Bassenge, province of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium.",
"\n\nGlons is a significant site in that it is the home of the NATO_Programming_Centre.",
"\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Bassenge\nCategory:Populated places in Liège (province)\nCategory:Populated places in Belgium"
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"- Overload the method getDragTracker. ",
"The purpose of this method is to provide a tracker when you move the editpart. ",
"The NoScrollEditPartTracker provides a means to constraint movement in an a compartment without scroll bar\n\n/**\n* the drag tracker has been specialized in order to constraint mvt inside its container without\n* scroll bar\n* {@inheritDoc}\n*/\n@Override\npublic DragTracker getDragTracker(Request request) {\nreturn new NoScrollDragEditPartsTrackerEx(this);\n}\n\n-Add an editpolicy for the role PRIMARY_DRAG_ROLE that provides A tracker for the constrained resize “NoScrollResizeTracker” A tracker for the constrained move “NoScrollDragEditPartsTrackerEx”\n\n/**\n* this code has been overloaded in order to constraint the resize into its container without scroll bars\n*{@inheritDoc}\n*/\n@Override\nprotected ResizeTracker getResizeTracker(int direction) {\nreturn new NoScrollResizeTracker((GraphicalEditPart) getHost(), direction);\n}\n/**\n* this code has been overloaded in order to constraint the move into its container without scroll bars\n*{@inheritDoc}\n*/\n@Override\nprotected DragEditPartsTracker getDragTracker() {\nreturn new NoScrollDragEditPartsTrackerEx(getHost());\n}\n\no See an example that contains theses two drag trackers: NoScrollClassifierResizableShapeEditPolicy"
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"Immunodetection of the large form of the gamma 2 subunit of mammalian GABAA receptor.",
"\nTwo forms of the GABAA receptor gamma 2-subunit, named short (gamma 2S) and long (gamma 2L), and generated by alternative RNA splicing, have been identified in mammalian brain by molecular cloning techniques. ",
"We have produced antibodies against a synthetic peptide containing the 8-amino acid insertion present in the long form but not in the short one. ",
"Using the antipeptide serum, we have identified the gamma 2L subunit in membrane preparations of GABAA receptors from rat and mouse cerebellum and its cellular location in cerebellum."
] | {
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[
"Joseph Lukens, Pavel Lougovski and Nicholas Peters (from left), researchers with ORNL's Quantum Information Science Group, are examining methods for encoding photons with quantum information that are compatible with the existing telecommunications infrastructure and that incorporate off-the-shelf components. ",
"Credit: Genevieve Martin/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy\n\nA team of researchers led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated a new method for splitting light beams into their frequency modes. ",
"The scientists can then choose the frequencies they want to work with and encode photons with quantum information. ",
"Their work could spur advancements in quantum information processing and distributed quantum computing.",
"\n\nThe team's findings were published in Physical Review Letters.",
"\n\nThe frequency of light determines its color. ",
"When the frequencies are separated, as in a rainbow, each color photon can be encoded with quantum information, delivered in units known as qubits. ",
"Qubits are analogous to but different from classical bits, which have a value of either 0 or 1, because qubits are encoded with values of both 0 and 1 at the same time.",
"\n\nThe researchers liken quantum information processing to stepping into a hallway and being able to go both ways, whereas in classical computing just one path is possible.",
"\n\nThe team's novel approach—featuring the first demonstration of a frequency tritter, an instrument that splits light into three frequencies—returned experimental results that matched their predictions and showed that many quantum information processing operations can be run simultaneously without increasing error. ",
"The quantum system performed as expected under increasingly complex conditions without degrading the encoded information.",
"\n\n\"Under our experimental conditions, we got a factor 10 better than typical error rates,\" said Nicholas Peters, Quantum Communications team lead for ORNL's Quantum Information Science Group. \"",
"This establishes our method as a frontrunner for high-dimensional frequency-based quantum information processing.\"",
"\n\nPhotons can carry quantum information in superpositions—where photons simultaneously have multiple bit values—and the presence of two quantum systems in superposition can lead to entanglement, a key resource in quantum computing.",
"\n\nEntanglement boosts the number of calculations a quantum computer could run, and the team's focus on creating more complex frequency states aims to make quantum simulations more powerful and efficient. ",
"The researchers' method is also notable because it demonstrates the Hadamard gate, one of the elemental circuits required for universal quantum computing.",
"\n\n\"We were able to demonstrate extremely high-fidelity results right off the bat, which is very impressive for the optics approach,\" said Pavel Lougovski, the project's principal investigator. \"",
"We are carving out a subfield here at ORNL with our frequency-based encoding work.\"",
"\n\nThe method leverages widely available telecommunications technology with off-the-shelf components while yielding high-fidelity results. ",
"Efforts to develop quantum repeaters, which extend the distance quantum information can be transmitted between physically separated computers, will benefit from this work.",
"\n\n\"The fact that our method is telecom network-compatible is a big advantage,\" Lougovski said. \"",
"We could perform quantum operations on telecom networks if needed.\"",
"\n\nPeters added that their project demonstrates that unused fiber-optic bandwidth could be harnessed to reduce computational time by running operations in parallel.",
"\n\n\"Our work uses frequency's main advantage—stability—to get very high fidelity and then do controlled frequency jumping when we want it,\" said Wigner Fellow Joseph Lukens, who led the ORNL experiment. ",
"The researchers have experimentally shown that quantum systems can be transformed to yield desired outputs.",
"\n\nThe researchers suggest their method could be paired with existing beam-splitting technology, taking advantage of the strengths of both and bringing the scientific community closer to full use of frequency-based photonic quantum information processing.",
"\n\nPeters, Lougovski and Lukens, all physicists with ORNL's Quantum Information Science Group, collaborated with graduate student Hsuan-Hao Lu, professor Andrew Weiner, and colleagues at Purdue University. ",
"The team published the theory for their experiments in Optica in January 2017.",
"\n\nExplore further A new kind of quantum computer\n\nMore information: Hsuan-Hao Lu et al. ",
"Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing, Physical Review Letters (2018). ",
"Journal information: Physical Review Letters , Optica Hsuan-Hao Lu et al. ",
"Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing,(2018). ",
"DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.030502"
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[
"Auto Suggestions are available once you type at least 3 letters. ",
"Use up arrow (for mozilla firefox browser alt+up arrow) and down arrow (for mozilla firefox browser alt+down arrow) to review and enter to select.",
"\n\nOverview\n\nFrom the team behind the #1 New York Times Bestseller Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction Site\n\nThe dream train pulls into the station, and one by one the train cars are loaded: polar bears pack the reefer car with ice cream, elephants fill the tanker cars with paints, tortoises stock the auto rack with race cars, bouncy kangaroos stuff the hopper car with balls. ",
"Sweet and silly dreams are guaranteed for any budding train enthusiasts!",
"\n\nIntroduce your child to new animals and experiences with this ideal children's bedtime book\n\nA great read aloud book for kids or early reader book for kids beginning to read on their own\n\nFeatures beautiful art from an award-winning team of writers and illustrators\n\nIf you loved Mighty, Mighty Construction Site and Goodnight, Goodnight Construction Site, this book will be the ideal addition to your children's book set and is perfect for readers of these categories:\n\nProduct Details\n\nAbout the Author\n\nSherri Duskey Rinker lives in Chicago with her photographer husband and two energetic, inquisitive sons: one fascinated by bugs and magic, and the other by trucks and trains. ",
"She created this goodnight story in hopes of happier bedtimes and sweet dreams for all. ",
"Find out more about Sherri at www.sherriduskeyrinker.com.",
"\n\nTom Lichtenheld loves drawing pictures and telling silly stories. ",
"His books include the New York Times bestseller Duck! ",
"Rabbit!, ",
"Wumbers, and the ALA Notable Children's Book, E-mergency! ",
"He lives in Geneva, Illinois. ",
"Visit him at www.tomlichtenheld.com.",
"\n\nEditorial Reviews\n\nLike this team’s bestselling Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction Site, this vehicular bedtime book revs up before winding down, and both text and art smoothly transition from stimulating to soothing. ",
"A train stops at the “Night Falls” station to pick up its animal crew, who energetically load the train: acrobatic monkeys carry monkey bars onto a boxcar, rabbits bounce aboard on pogo sticks, a polar bear fills a refrigerated car with giant ice cream sundaes, and leaping kangaroos toss balls into a hopper (“The crew hops to it, one and all—/ they get to work and have a ball!”). ",
"Rinker’s verse assumes a gentler lilt as the weary animals are pictured tucked into bed—on flatbed cars, fittingly—and the train is seen “Puffing, chuffing out of sight.../ Steam train, dream train.../ chhhhhh... goodnight.” ",
"Rendered in wax oil pastels, Lichtenheld’s moonlit illustrations have a lovely luster and a rich texture reminiscent of chalk drawings, using various shades of blue to evoke a magical midnight setting. ",
"A go-to goodnight story for train- and animal-loving preschoolers. ",
"Ages 1–6. ",
"Agent: Amy Rennert, Amy Rennert Agency. (",
"Apr.)\n\n\"Kids will clamor for this one at bedtime and storytime alike.\" - ",
"Booklist, starred review\n\n\"I will be sharing Steam Train, Dream Train with some very excited students this week...\" - Laura Given, Librarian\n\n\"I loved Steam Train, Dream Train.... Can I see it becoming a favorite bedtime story's I most certainly can.\" - ",
"Roundtable Reviews\n\n\"I expect this one to fly off the shelves.\" - ",
"Jen Robinson's Book Page\n\n\"I couldn't wait to get my hands on this rhythmic, rhyming hypnotic vehicle bedtime book from the team who brought us the best selling Good Night, Good Night, Construction Site. ",
"It's another winner.\" - ",
"Lisa Von Drasek, Early Word\n\nPreS-K—From out of the midnight darkness comes a mighty train heading to Night Falls station. ",
"With clouds of steam hissing from the smokestack and brakes squealing, it comes to a stop and the animal crew jumps out, ready to load up the cars with freight. ",
"A rambunctious bunch of monkeys fills the boxcar with toys while kangaroos toss balls into the open-topped hopper car. ",
"Purple elephants use their trunks to fill the tanker cars with different colored paints as a polar bear and penguin put giant ice-cream sundaes in the reefer car. ",
"After such a hard night's work, the crew beds down on the flatbed car, ready for the steam engine to fire up and take them to dreamland. ",
"The strength of this book is in the striking spreads in wax oil pastel. ",
"A vast night sky is filled with sparkly stars and large billowing clouds that frame the oncoming train traveling through a realistically silhouetted landscape, while the animal crew looks strangely toylike, as though made of plush and plastic. ",
"It is not until the final spread that this incongruous bunch, and this whole dream, is explained by a nighttime look at a young train lover's bedroom. ",
"The beginning and end of the book are filled with expressive and enjoyable railroad sounds, yet the rhyming text loses a bit of steam in the middle, describing but not always enhancing the activity depicted in the illustrations. ",
"Still, this is a book that will, like its predecessor, Goodnight, Goodnight Construction Site (Chronicle, 2011), be embraced as a nighttime standard, particularly among train lovers everywhere.—Teri Markson, Los Angeles Public Library\n\nSchool Library Journal\n\n\"Through the darkness, clickety-clack... / coming closer, down the track...\" The night train is arriving; it carries an unusual cargo and an even more surprising crew. ",
"Darkly lit pastel illustrations reveal monkeys, kangaroos, an elephant and various other animals, all of whom are ready to load freight appropriate to their eating habits, anatomy or abilities into a variety of different, named railroad cars. ",
"Rhymed text full of onomatopoeia describes the monkeys packing bananas, monkey bars, hula hoops and a sock monkey into the boxcar. ",
"Kangaroos toss balls into the hopper, and elephants squirt different-colored paints into tankers. ",
"Whimsical, dreamlike imagery continues as a polar bear loads a giant ice-cream sundae onto the freezer car, while the tortoises drive race cars onto an autorack. ",
"While it's not a strikingly original selection, a feeling of warmth and an old-fashioned nursery aura both abound here. ",
"Train and animal enthusiasts alike will enjoy the gentle action and may just drift off as the train fills up and the animals go to sleep, safely tucked in on flatbed cars that hold…beds. \"",
"Steam train, dream train... / chhhhhh...goodnight.\" ",
"A solid companion to Rinker and Lichtenheld's Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction Site (2011). (",
"Picture book. ",
"3-6)\n\nShare the magic of Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction Site with your little Spanish speaker! ",
"One by\none, Crane Truck, Cement Mixer, Dump Truck, Bulldozer, and Excavator finish their work and say buenas noches—so that tomorrow they'll be ready for another day ...\n\nIt's all in a day's work for the trucks of the bestselling Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction\nSite! ",
"Recommended for children ages 0-2 years who are working on shape recognition. ",
"Fun and engaging way to learn shapes: From the author of the ...\n\nExciting photographs are paired with cool facts and simple explanations in this earthmoving ABC. ",
"Kids\nlove trucks and diggers and this alphabet book has all their favorites, from the speedy skid steer loader to the giant 797 off-highway truck (one ...\n\nFrom the author of the #1 New York Times bestselling Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction Site series.",
"\nMore than two million copies have sold across the series!Created for lovers of Goodnight, Goodnight, Construction Site, as well as fans of Sherri Duskey Rinker's ...\n\nIt's bedtime for Little Bear! ",
"And for his animal friends. ",
"Readers will turn the split\npages of this engaging novelty book to put away everyone's toys, and to tuck in each and every sleepy head. ",
"The gentle goodnight refrain will ...\n\nReaching, stretching, lifting high, your little Crane Truck will touch the sky! ",
"Track every step\nalong the way with this appealing growth chart. ",
"And when the lights go out, Crane Truck will glow in the dark. ",
"Includes feet and meters. ...",
"\n\nDump Truck, Bulldozer, Cement Truck, Excavator, Crane Truck, and much more! ",
"This classic matching game\nincludes 72 cards with all the features of a busy construction site as its vehicles work, get washed up, and go to sleep after a ...\n\nThe #1 New York Times bestsellerAs the sun sets behind the big construction site, all\nthe hardworking trucks get ready to say goodnight. ",
"One by one, Crane Truck, Cement Mixer, Dump Truck, Bulldozer, and Excavator finish their work and lie ..."
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[
"[Polypoid basal cell carcinoma].",
"\nThe basal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor which originates from the epidermal stem cells. ",
"The polypoid basal cell carcinoma is an uncommon variant. ",
"We report on a 70-year-old man with a red nodule on his left breast. ",
"Clinical and histopathologic criteria led to the diagnosis of polypoid basal cell carcinoma. ",
"This variant is characterized by exophytic, polypoid growth. ",
"Histologically, the aggregates of tumor cells are usually limited to the polypoid zone."
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[
"Q:\n\ndate half month not working\n\nI tried to do like this\ndate('Y-m-d', strtotime('0.5 months'));\n\nBut it gives me date 1970-01-01 \nExpected date is 2017-10-15\nSo the question is why the half month is not working?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can't use non-integers in a strtotime() relative date format:\n\nnumber [+-]?[0-9]+\n\nTo make this work, you can use either 2 weeks or 15 days (note that these two return different days, since 2 weeks is 14 days):\n<?",
"php\necho date(\"Y-m-d\", strtotime(\"2 weeks\")).PHP_EOL; // 2017-10-15\necho date(\"Y-m-d\", strtotime(\"15 days\")).PHP_EOL; // 2017-10-16\necho date(\"Y-m-d\", strtotime(\"+.5 months\")).PHP_EOL; // not valid, returns 1970-01-01\n\nDemo\n\nA:\n\nI think you forgot the Plus singn\nPlease try with below\ndate('Y-m-d', strtotime('+ 0.5 months'));\n\nor \ndate('Y-m-d', strtotime('+ 15 days')); \n(If you convert in days)\nhope will help you\n\n"
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"Tinip River\n\nThe Tinip River is a river of New Caledonia. ",
"It has a catchment area of 12 square kilometres.",
"\n\nSee also\nList of rivers of New Caledonia\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Rivers of New Caledonia"
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"Obstruction of the urinary tract is a common clinical entity. ",
"Although clinical studies have revealed which functions of the kidney are affected and how much recovery can be expected, detailed insight into the mechanisms by which obstruction affects renal function has come mainly from studies in experimental animals. ",
"Cellular infiltration of the renal interstitium is a feature of a number of kidney diseases and may be a prominent histological manifestation in a number of entities leading to chronic renal failure. ",
"Urinary tract obstruction is a frequent cause of interstitial nephritis in humans. ",
"Experimental hydronephrosis is also associated with an increased number of cells in the renal cortical interstitium. ",
"The proposed studies will characterize the nature of the cellular infiltrate that occurs in the renal interstitium following acute unilateral or bilateral ureteral obstruction; examine the kinetics of clearance of immune cells from the kidney after the release of obstruction; correlate the kinetics of arrival and clearance of immune cells from the kidney with functional parameters including renal plasma flow, GFR and tubular function; determine the effects of changes in dietary protein intake prior to obstruction on the kinetics of arrival and clearance of different immune cell types and on renal function after relief of obstruction; determine the effect of pharmacological and/or antibody-mediated interventions which delete all or specific cell types infiltrating the renal interstitium on the physiological response of the kidney to obstruction or its release; explore the deletion of specific leukocyte cell types on the function of the kidney either acutely or chronically. ",
"Finally, we will isolate immune cells present in the interstitium of obstructed or post- obstructed kidneys and characterize their state of activation and eventually will examine in cultures of tubular or glomerular cells the physiologic effects of addition of immune cells isolated from the interstitium of obstructed kidneys on such cells. ",
"The information to be obtained in the present studies will hopefully provide further insight concerning the pathogenesis of obstructive injury and may, therefore, help in the development of useful therapeutic interventions that may prevent damage and/or enhance recovery of renal function."
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[
"Tang kuei, also known as dong quai, archangel root, female ginseng, Angelica sinensis or the Chinese angelica, is a perennial plant found along ravine streams, marshy meadows, river banks and sea coasts. ",
"It has long been used in traditional Asian herbal remedies and in homeopathic medicine. ",
"The plant extracts are rich in calcium, essential oils, magnesium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B, with the yellowish root considered to be of particular medicinal value.",
"\n\nThe root is generally dried and ground into powder, which can be brewed as a tea, often taken with chamomile, or can be added as a nutritional, strength-building element to soups. ",
"The herb remedy is also available in tincture solutions and capsule forms, and can be purchased from online and regular health shops.",
"\n\nWhile modern scientific research and studies still have to prove many of the plant's medicinal uses, traditional medicine and homeopathy practitioners hold this herb remedy in a very high regard. ",
"According to them, tang kuei can be used to successfully treat a host of human ailments and health conditions. ",
"In the main, it has been found very effective in balancing female hormones and treating menstrual and menopausal problems. ",
"Women suffering from menstrual cramps or menopausal hot flashes can take the plant extracts to alleviate their symptoms.",
"\n\nAs a pain reliever, the plant is also used to relieve muscular aches, abdominal pains and toothaches. ",
"It has been used to treat respiratory problems, and liver and kidney conditions. ",
"Tang kuei is thought to promote red blood cell formation, improve blood circulation, and keep blood pressure in order. ",
"It has a moisturizing effect on skin and is used to treat skin disorders like acne and psoriasis.",
"\n\nHerbal remedies made from this plant are usually low on toxicity, but it is best for people considering taking it to consult an experienced herbalist about the correct dosage before embarking on any kind of treatment. ",
"This is particularly important if a person is prone to have allergic reactions or is already on other types of medications. ",
"There is a chance that an herbal remedy may produce some undesirable side effects, like causing light sensitivity problems in people with very fair complexions. ",
"Individuals taking diuretic or lithium drugs should also be careful, as herbal remedies may interact in a negative way with these medicines. ",
"Generally, pregnant and lactating women should take tang kuei in very small, prescribed dosages, or avoid it altogether.",
"\n\nYou might also Like\n\nRecommended\n\nRelated wiseGEEK Articles\n\nDiscuss this Article\n\nLisaLouPost 2\n\nThere have been some research studies done that have shown how tang kuei and peony have helped to balance the hormones in menopausal and pre-menopausal women.",
"\n\nI have never taken any, but have a friend who swears they work for her. ",
"She says by taking this every day it has made a big difference in her hot flashes and night sweats. ",
"I have also heard that it can help if you have trouble sleeping.",
"\n\nI know that hormones that are not balanced can cause a lot of problems, and feel if you can find a natural way to help alleviate your symptoms, it would certainly be worth trying.",
"\n\nJohn57Post 1\n\nA friend of mine recommended me try some tang kuei because of was having a lot of pms symptoms, cramping and it was driving me crazy. ",
"I ordered some herbal capsules from herbal life that had some tang kuei in them.",
"\n\nI did not notice a difference right away, but was told to give it a few months to see if it would help balance out my hormones and help stabilize mood swings.",
"\n\nAfter 2-3 months my symptoms were not as bad. ",
"They did not totally go away, but I think this herb has helped me feel better over all and many of my symptoms are diminished.",
"\n\nPost your comments\n\nPlease enter the code:\n\nLogin\n\nRegister\n\nMake changes/additions/deletions to the article below, and one of our editors will publish your suggestions if warranted.",
"\n\nOptional: Explanation of your recommended changes\n\nThank You!",
"\n\nOne of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted.",
"\nNote that depending on the number of suggestions we receive,\nthis can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days.",
"\nThank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!"
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[
"Michelle Francl\n\nMichelle M. Francl is an American chemist. ",
"Francl is a professor of chemistry, and has taught physical chemistry, general chemistry and mathematical modeling at Bryn Mawr College since 1986.",
"\n\nFrancl is noted for developing new methodology in computational chemistry, including the 6-31G* basis set for Na to Ar and electrostatic potential charges.",
"\nShe received a Ph.D. from the University of California, Irvine in 1983\n\nOn a list of the 1000 most cited chemists, Francl is a member of the editorial board for the Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, active in the American Chemical Society and the author of The Survival Guide for Physical Chemistry. ",
"In 1994, she was awarded the Christian R. and Mary F. Lindback Award by Bryn Mawr College for excellence in teaching.",
"\n\nFrancl's podcast, \"Introduction to Quantum Mechanics,\" broke into the iTunes Top 100 in October 2005, and currently writes for Nature Chemistry.",
"\n\nIn April 2016, Francl was named one of nine adjunct scholars of the Vatican Observatory also known as (Italian: Specola Vaticana).",
"\n\nFrancl was awarded the 2019 American Chemical Society's Philadelphia Section Award which recognizes an individual, \"who, by conspicuous scientific achievement through research, has made important contributions to man's knowledge and thereby aided the public appreciation of the profession.\"",
"\n\nBibliography\n\nBooks\n\nArticles\n CF3 Rotation in 3-trimethylfluorophenanthrene: X-ray Diffraction and ab initio Electronic Structure Calculations, X. Wang, F.B. Mallory, C.W. Mallory, A.J. Rheingold, P.A. Beckmann, M.M. Francl, J. Phys. ",
"Chem. ",
"A, 110, 3954-3960 (2006).",
"\n A Theoretical Study of the Reduction Of Carbonyls By Alkylaluminum Complexes, J.W. Bundens, P.R. Seida, D. Jeyakumar and M.M. Francl, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modeling, 24, 195-202 (2005).",
"\n Exploring Exotic Kinetics: An Introduction to the Use of Numerical Methods in Chemical Kinetics, M. M. Francl J. Chem. ",
"Educ., ",
"81, 1535 (2004).",
"\n An Ab Initio MO Study of the Symmetric And Asymmetric Isomers of Bridging Alkynylaluminum and Alkynylberyllium Dimers, P. R. Seida, J.W. Bundens, M.M. Francl, Int. ",
"J. Quantum Chem., ",
"95, 806-809 (2003).",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Michelle Francl faculty page \n Introduction to Quantum Chemistry podcast\n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)\nCategory:American physical chemists\nCategory:20th-century American mathematicians\nCategory:21st-century American mathematicians\nCategory:Bryn Mawr College faculty\nCategory:University of California, Irvine alumni\nCategory:Place of birth missing (living people)\nCategory:American women chemists\nCategory:Computational chemists"
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[
"Frances Balfour\n\nLady Frances Balfour (née Campbell; 22 February 1858 – 25 February 1931) was one of the highest-ranking members of the British aristocracy to assume a leadership role in the Women's suffrage campaign in the United Kingdom. ",
"Balfour was a member of the Executive Committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage from 1896 to 1919. ",
"Mrs. Fawcett was President of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. ",
" As a non-violent suffragist, she was opposed to the militant actions of the Women's Social and Political Union, whose members were called the suffragettes.",
"\n\nLife\nThe tenth child of British Liberal politician and Scottish peer George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (eldest daughter of the 2nd Duke of Sutherland), she was born at Argyll Lodge in Kensington, London. ",
"Lady Frances Campbell was handicapped by a hip joint disease and from early childhood was in constant pain and walked with a limp. ",
"Her parents were deeply religious and involved in several different campaigns for social reform. ",
"She reportedly helped with these campaigns as a child, for example by knitting garments to be sent to the children of former slaves after slavery was formally banned by the government within the British territories in 1833.",
"\n\nIn 1879 she married Eustace Balfour, a London-based Scottish architect. ",
"Eustace's uncle, Lord Salisbury, had three terms as Britain's prime minister. ",
"Eustace's elder brother, Arthur Balfour, was also a Conservative British prime minister from 1902 to 1905. ",
"However, in opposition to the Conservative politics of her in-laws, Frances, along with both her parents, supported Liberal statesman William Gladstone and his government when she was a young women. ",
"Lady Frances Balfour and her husband never overcame these political differences and spent less and less time together.",
"\n\nSuffrage\n\nShe was the only member of the aristocracy and the only Scot to have a leadership role in the British women's suffrage campaign. ",
" She began her work for women's suffrage in 1889, when she became the constitutionalists' main liaison with Parliament. ",
"In 1897, she became a member of the Executive Committee of the newly-formed National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), whose President was Mrs. Millicent Garrett Fawcett, and served in this capacity from its inception until some women got the vote in 1918. ",
"She was also the President of the London Society of Women's Suffrage, the largest single suffrage group in Britain, from 1896 to 1919. ",
"In addition, She served as President of the Lyceum Club, which rendered services to professional women, from 1903 to 1915. ",
"When her work for votes for women was almost over, . ",
"Lady Frances published six books, including her autobiography Ne Obliscaris (Dinna Forget).",
"\n\nLyceum Club\nThe writer Constance Smedley had decided to start a new type of club for women. ",
"Another proposed founder, Jessie Trimble, proposed that the new club be called the Lyceum Club, and the new committee arranged for Smedley to meet Lady Frances Balfour. ",
"The committee had decided to extend their net for new members from writers, to professional women and even the daughters or wives of prominent men. ",
"Balfour agreed to lead the new club and served as their chair for 15 years.",
"\n\nShe died in London on 25 February 1931 from bronchial pneumonia and heart failure, and was buried at Whittingehame, the Balfour family home in East Lothian, Scotland.",
"\n\nPublications \n Dr Elsie Inglis (1920) \n The Life of George, Fourth Earl of Aberdeen (1923)\n Lady Victoria Campbell: a memoir (1911)\n A Memoir of Lord Balfour of Burleigh, KT. (",
"1924)\n The Very Rev. Principal Story, D.D. (1909)[No, she published Dr MacGregor of St Cuthberts: A Memoir in 1912. ",
" Principle Story was a memoir by Dr. Story's daughters. ",
" \n Life and Letters if the Reverend James MacGregor (1912)\n In Memoriam the Lady Frances Balfour, 1881-1931 (Newspaper cuttings compiled by the Committee of the Travellers' Aid Society (1931)\n\nDistinctions \n She received honorary degrees from the University of Durham (DLitt 1919) and from the University of Edinburgh (LLD 1921)\n Her name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the plinth of the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square, London, unveiled in 2018.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1858 births\nCategory:1931 deaths\nCategory:British people with disabilities\nCategory:Daughters of British dukes\nCategory:English feminists\nCategory:English suffragists\nCategory:Nonviolence advocates\nCategory:Women of the Victorian era\nCategory:Liberal Party (UK) politicians\nFrances\nCategory:Clan Campbell\nCategory:19th-century British women\nCategory:20th-century British women writers\nCategory:Deaths from bronchopneumonia\nCategory:Women memoirists\nCategory:English memoirists"
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[
"Q:\n\nMySQL select from multiple tables using pivot\n\nI have a many-to-many relationship between two tables, and I am using a pivot table to manage it.",
"\nThe structure is as follows:\n\nTable 1: cars (car_id, ...)\nTable 2: brands (brand_id, ...)\nPivot table: cars_brands (car_id, brand_id, units, discount)\n\nUsing only one query, I am trying to select every field of the cars of a certain brand PLUS the number of units and discount (both fields of the pivot table...)\nMy try: \nSELECT c.*, cb.units, cb.discount \nFROM (cars c, cars_brands cb) \nINNER JOIN cb ON c.car_id = cb.car_id \nWHERE cb.brand_id = 1 \nORDER BY c.car_id asc\n\nI am getting a\n\n#1066 - Not unique table/alias: 'cb'\n\nMySQL error.",
"\nAny help is much appreciated.",
"\nThanks in advance.",
"\n\nA:\n\nI think what you want is:\nSELECT c.*, cb.units. ",
"cb.discount\nFROM cars AS c\nJOIN car_brands as cb ON cb.car_id = c.car_id\nJOIN brands AS b ON b.brand_id = cb.brand_id\nWHERE b.brand_name = 'Audi'\nORDER BY c.car_id ASC\n\n"
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[
"Atropine and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.",
"\nSix asthmatic children were studied to determine whether supplemental, parenteral atropine would increase the effects of bronchodilation and protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction after maximal effects had been achieved by inhalation. ",
"First, we determined the amount of inhaled atropine sulfate that would give maximal bronchodilation for each patient at rest. ",
"This quantity of atropine was designated as \"A.\" Then all subjects exercised for five sessions with the following pre-exercise treatments in a random order: (a) inhaled distilled water plus intramuscular (IM) saline solution; (b) inhaled A dose of atropine plus IM saline solution; (c) inhaled distilled water plus 0.35 mg IM atropine; (d) inhaled A dose of atropine plus 0.35 mg IM atropine; and (e) inhaled double the A dose plus IM saline solution. ",
"The results showed that the combination of inhaled and IM atropine had the greatest bronchodilation effect and the greatest protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. ",
"Atropine inhalation alone (A dose) or IM injection (0.35 mg) was not as effective in bronchodilation or in alleviation of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. ",
"Doubling the dose of inhalation (2A) did not increase the effects of the A dose. ",
"These results support the hypothesis that inhaled atropine does not reach all the airways where cholinergic receptors are present."
] | {
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[
"Such a filter device comprises a circular adapter, having at least one means for connecting a filter cartridge. ",
"The connecting means protrudes downwards from said adapter. ",
"A circular head joins integrally to and is positioned above the adapter. ",
"The circular adapter and the circular head have a common outer periphery. ",
"A distribution compartment is positioned between the head and the adapter. ",
"A sealing device is in the area of the outer periphery. ",
"A clamping surface is in the area of the outer periphery and is adapted to press against the top region of a flexible filter bag.",
"\nSuch a device became known in the prior art from German OS No. ",
"3,520,139, which corresponds to U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,711,717 of the same inventor.",
"\nSuch a device filters very harmless media, but also extremely dangerous media. ",
"It is clear that the sealing plays a very great part. ",
"The known device had the following disadvantages:\n(a) An O-ring 34 is used which is subject to tension stress to retain it in its groove. ",
"Thus it varies its properties in the course of time.",
"\n(b) The O-ring 34 additionally had the task of holding the end zone 29 of the flexible bag 16. ",
"In doing so, it loses sealing quality. ",
"Insofar as the end zone 29 can be drawn over the outer surface 28 and lies in the seating groove of the O-ring 34, it has a smaller diameter and consequently forms folds.",
"\n(c) The O-ring 34 must develop extraordinarily great tension forces if it is to hold a fluid-filled flexible bag 16 when the adapter is to be removed from the bowl 17. ",
"At that moment, the whole weight hangs on the O-ring 34.",
"\n(d) A separate head 78 and an adapter 62 are necessary. ",
"A separation surface lies between the two. ",
"One seeks to keep the outer edge sealed by drawing the lid 84 against the bowl 69. ",
"Since, however, these parts are injection-moldings, which do not tolerate excessively high-grade production, the surfaces are uneven. ",
"This must be compensated by extraordinary high pressure. ",
"If, however, an extraordinary high pressure is exerted upon synthetic plastic material, the material flows in the course of time. ",
"If it flows, the sealing quality deteriorates.",
"\n(e) If one takes the head 78 off, surfaces previously wetted by the fluid are exposed. ",
"In the case of toxic substances this is very dangerous. ",
"Even in the case of non-dangerous substances this leads to a substantial cleaning effort.",
"\n(f) The head 78 too has to be cleaned before it is used with a new adapter 62.",
"\n(g) Pressures occurring in the fluid distribution compartment can bend the adapter 62 downwards, which leads to fluid short-circuits, working the O-ring and causing pivoting movements of the filter cartridges. ",
"This occurs because the adapter 62 domes into a partial sphere.",
"\n(h) The device for drawing the clamping plate 84 and the clamping ring 83 against one another must be extraordinarily strong. ",
"This leads to over-thickness, weight, clumsiness and high price.",
"\n(i) The sealing areas must be extraordinarily large, and a great deal of material is situated around the sealing areas, making the device expensive. ",
"High material expense is, however, undesirable in non-reusable devices.",
"\n(j) If one were to use two flexible bags--one for safety outside the other that retains the fluid--it would be much too great a task for the O-ring 34."
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[
"Hawkeyes bowling for dollars…\n\nHow bizarre is life sometimes? ",
"Twelve weeks ago everyone in the state of Iowa was shaking their collective heads at the Iowa Hawkeyes after they came within a fingernail of losing to Northern Iowa at home. ",
"There was wringing of hands and gnashing of teeth and even predictions of them losing to Iowa State.",
"\n\nBut now, 12 weeks later, the Hawks are 10-2. ",
"In fact, they are a sprained ankle and a couple of dropped passes away from being 12-0 and completely mucking-up the BCS/SEC sweepstakes. ",
"But, Ricky Stanzi got hurt, Iowa lost to Ohio State in overtime and now they’re playing the waiting game of seeing where they will go for a bowl game.",
"\n\nLet’s establish a couple of things right off the bat: First, WHATEVER happens, the Hawks are going to be playing in bowl game on New Year’s Day or after. ",
"Second they will be playing in one of three bowls and two of the three are BCS bowls.",
"\n\nIt is a given that Iowa will play in either the Fiesta, Orange or Capital One bowls. ",
"It is probably likely that they will be in one of the first two. ",
"Bowl reps love Iowa. ",
"Send the Hawks to any bowl and at least 20,000 crazies in black and gold striped bib overalls will show up. ",
"Send them to a BCS bowl and 50,000 will go. ",
"Heck, I have a friend who planned on breaking out her Tiger Hawk bikini if they made to the Rose Bowl! ",
"That fact alone says a great deal.",
"\n\nDuring the Nebraska/ Kansas State game last night, a BCS analyst from ESPN (that’s actually a job title) was explaining the thing very simply. ",
"All the BCS is supposed to do pick the top two teams to play for the national championship. ",
"The other bowls are part of the BCS rotation and they pay out the most money and they are the most sought-after by all of the schools. ",
"And the rational about picking who plays in them is simple: MONEY!!!",
"\n\nThere are guidelines, such as no more than two teams from one conference in any of those bowls, and you have to be in the top 14 of the BCS standings to qualify. ",
"But after that, it’s all about money.",
"\n\nThe Rose Bowl went back to taking the champions of the Pac-10 and Big 10, while the Fiesta Bowl has an agreement with the Big 12, the Sugar Bowl has the SEC and the Oranage Bowl has the ACC. ",
"But, if any of these “automatic” berths are opened up by the teams in the BCS Championship game, anyone who qualifies for them can go.",
"\n\nIf we are to say it is a given that Texas will win the Big 12 championship game, that opens up two slots at the Fiesta Bowl. ",
"Then there is a slot in the Sugar Bowl (because the loser of the SEC championship game will get one of them), and one in the Orange. ",
"Plus, whoever wins the Big East gets an at-large berth. ",
"This means that as of now, Florida, Alabama, Texas, Ohio State, the Oregon/Oregon State winner, the Pittsburgh/Cincinnati winner and Georgia Tech/Clemson winner all have guarnateed spots.",
"\n\nSo, out of 10 possible spots (the BCS championship game and four other BCS bowls), seven of them are already spoken for. ",
"That leaves three. ",
"And, there are probably five teams who can make a legitimate argument for one those slots. ",
"The Hawkeyes and Penn State are both 10-2 and both could make strong cases. ",
"Assumming they beat Oklahoma Friday, Oklahoma State can make a case. ",
"And, there ar the Cinderellas, TCU and Boise State. ",
"Their conferences (the WAC and Mountain West) are not guaranteed BCS spots, but if they are in the top 14, ONE of them is guaranteed a spot. ",
"Right now, TCU is ranked highest so they will get one slot. ",
"Boise State probably SHOULD have one, but they don’t have to get one.",
"\n\nSo, in essence, there are four teams for two spots — probably one in the Fiesta (because TCU will get on of those) and one in the Orange (Cincinnati will probably go to the Sugar). ",
"From a poltically correct standpoint a 12-0 Boise State should get one of the spots.",
"\n\nIf anyone is odd-man out of this discussion first, it’s the Nittany Lions. ",
"Their fan following isn’t any better than Iowa’s and the Hawks did beat them. ",
"And while TV ratings are important, a full loud stadium is more so.",
"\n\nSo that takes it to three teams. ",
"The Fiesta Bowl could honor their Big 12 commitment, but they don’t have to. ",
"Boise State is out of this discussion because if the Broncos were chosen it wouldn’t be for a match-up with TCU. ",
"So unless the Horned Frogs ended up in the Orange Bowl, it’s between Iowa and OSU.",
"\n\nIn the case of the Orange, the reps there LOVE Iowa. ",
"In 2003, Iowa had 40,000 fans in the seats and another 8,000 just there to hang out. ",
"And with an ACC team (probably Georgia Tech) in the mix, that almost guarantees a sellout. ",
"Penn State might be able to do that as well, but with Iowa is a guarantee. ",
"Boise State? ",
"Maybe, but that would be long haul.",
"\n\nPersonally, I would love to see the Hawks in the Fiesta Bowl. ",
"Half the population of the Phoenix area is Iowa transplants, TCU would be an interesting match-up and Iowa has never been to that bowl.",
"\n\nBut if it does end up being a BCS bowl, I’m betting on the Orange. ",
"The Miami crowd loves the Hawks, and Iowans have proven that they’ll travel well there — as trips to the Outback and Capital One bowls have proven. ",
"Then there’s that whole image of the Tiger Hawk bikini….",
"\n\nAbout the only variable left would be if Oklahoma was able to beat OSU. ",
"Then, the Hawks will probably end up in the Fiesta and Boise State in the Orange.",
"\n\nBut that’s just my guess. ",
"Whatever happens the Hawks will go bowling, it will be in January and it will be fun!"
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[
"Why is Manual Testing so manual?",
"\n\nApplication software has always contained bugs and will continue to contain bugs for as long as developers exist. ",
"So, from the moment that the first application program was run by Tom Kilburn on 21st June 1948 (to calculate the highest factor of a large binary number) the necessity to test developed programs to ensure they work as required has been accepted. ",
"So, for almost 70 years a significant piece of human endeavor has been testing and some of it has been fundamental to some of humanity’s greatest achievements. ",
"Think the moon landings. ",
"Think the search for the Higgs Boson particle. ",
"Think Concorde. ",
"Some of you won’t have had the chance to be part of leading scientific or engineering projects and your testing challenges will be more prosaic but in its own way vital to your employer’s success and survival. ",
"Think major business applications. ",
"Think SAP. ",
"Think Oracle EBS. ",
"Think Salesforce. ",
"But you do share something in common with the NASA team that put 12 men on the moon – the overwhelming majority of the testing is performed by hand.",
"\n\nMy name is Colin Armitage and I’m the CEO of Original Software, the company that first developed code-free test automation that has the been the basis of the success of TestDrive in companies around the globe. ",
"However, the solution to the burden of manual testing isn’t necessarily test automation, and for some companies it would be a massive mistake. ",
"Let me explain.",
"Test automation can be very hard. ",
"Even if we put aside the ludicrous notion that the best way to test a program is to write another program (you just doubled the bugs) it remains hard. ",
"What parts of an application will you automate? ",
"Who will do it? ",
"How do you handle your test data? ",
"How quickly can you create sufficient automation to make a difference? ",
"And crucially, what happens to the automation when the application under test is modified? ",
"If you’re drowning under the weight of manual testing, limited resources and aggressive delivery dates, it makes little sense to stop everything while you get your head around what it takes to make automation successful, then get budgets approved, resources in place and develop sufficient automation to make a difference. ",
"If you’re drowning it makes little sense to stop swimming. ",
"Would you like to make manual testing less manual? ",
"This is the first in a series of 3 blogs on manual testing. ",
"Read the others here"
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[
"Bandai Namco recently revealed details on two new characters Rokuro and Eleanor for their upcoming RPG Tales of Berseria, and this week’s issue of Famitsu magazine gives us a closer look at the two. [",
"Thanks, Ruliweb via Game Jouhou.]",
"\n\nAs previously reported, Rokuro is a happy-go-lucky young swordsman, who is actually a Daemon but still maintains reason. ",
"He follows Velvet due to a debt he owes her after a certain incident. ",
"He greatly values the great sword on his back, which he calls “the great sword of life,” but he usually fights using dual blades.",
"\n\nEleanor is part of the anti demon organization called the “Holy House” (or “Seiryo” in Japanese.) ",
"She has a kind personality to most people, but shows a cold-hearted side to those that bare teeth towards the Holy House.",
"\n\nHer battle-type is listed as “First Anti-Demon Warrior”. ",
"Basically, Anti-Demon Warriors (or “Taimashi” in Japanese,) use Malak for Artes to protect people from Daemons. ",
"Those who’ve suffered from Daemonblight look up to them as heroes. ",
"Velvet, who is a Daemon, is considered an enemy to Eleanor, the Taimashi. ",
"The two will go against each other in battle on numerous occasions.",
"\n\nTales of Berseria will release in 2016 for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, and PC."
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[
"The HeyUGuys Interview: Rinko Kikuchi talks Pacific Rim\n\nRinko Kikuchi is perhaps best known in the West for her spellbinding turn in Alejandro González Iñárritu’s Babel, though for some (me) her silent and deadly Bang Bang in Rian Johnson’s The Brothers Bloom is a favourite.",
"\n\nShe is one of the very few female actors in Guillermo del Toro’s epic Monster-mash Pacific Rim and I had the chance to sit down with her to discuss this, to talk about how she the director worked on the character and how her path through the film was created.",
"\n\nYou can read our review of del Toro’s return to the big screen here, and check out our interview with Rinko Kikuchi below. ",
"We have interviews with the rest of the cast and del Toro himself all this week so check back each day for more.",
"\n\nFather and writer. ",
"In gutter, looking at stars.",
"\nMovie quotes I live my life by: 'Life moves pretty fast, if you don't stop and look around once in a while - you might miss it.' '",
"Carpe Diem!' '",
"When somebody asks you if you're a God - you say YES!'"
] | {
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[
"(1) B20-type compounds MnSi and FeSiElectronic structures of MnSi and FeSi with the B20-type crystal structure have been calculated by the self-consistent LMTO method. ",
"It has been shown, by the numerical calcu-lations in the fixed-spin-moment procedure, that MnSi shows a first-order transition from the magnetic to non-magnetic state and then the metamagnetic transition takes place with decreasing lattice constant. ",
"This result is consistent with recent results observed under high pressures. ",
"Similar calculations have also carried out for semi conducting compound FeSi and the critical field of the metamagnetic transition was estimated. ",
"Our calculated value of the critical field is in good agreement with the value observed very recently by Russian group.(2) NMR measurements for CeCoィイD24ィエD2B and RィイD22ィエD2CoィイD27ィエD2BィイD23ィエD2NMR measurements of CeCoィイD24ィエD2B and RィイD22ィエD2CoィイD27ィエD2BィイD23ィエD2 (R=Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd) have been carried out and magnetic moments of Co in these compounds have\n… More been estimated. ",
"It has been found that the orbital moment of Co at 2c site is relatively large in CeCoィイD24ィエD2B. For CeィイD22ィエD2CoィイD27ィエD2BィイD23ィエD2 the metamagnetic transition was observed at 70 kOe.(3) Metamagnetic transition and susceptibility maximum in UCoAlMetamagnetic transition and susceptibility maximum have been observed in 5f-electron system UCoAl. ",
"The observed results were analysed on the model of spin-fluctuations in the itinerant-electron system. ",
"The temperature dependence of the critical field, estimated with the susceptibility maximum temperature, was found to be in excellent agreement with the observed result. ",
"It was shown that the theoretical model for the itinerant-electron meta- magnetism could be applicable even to such a 5f-electron system.(4) (Sc,Ti)FeィイD22ィエD2 with C14-type Laves phase compoundElectronic structures of ScFeィイD22ィエD2, TiFeィイD22ィエD2 and their alloys have been calculated by the self- consistent LMTO method. ",
"It has been found by numerical calculations that three magnetic states with large-moment, small-moment and antiferromagnetic states are stable in these compounds. ",
"The volume dependence of these magnetic states was also discussed. ",
"A good agreement between the calculated and observed results has been obtained. ",
"Less"
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[
"(CNN) A San Diego judge has awarded $12.7 million to 22 women who claimed they were deceived and coerced into filming pornography they did not know would be posted online.",
"\n\nTuesday's decision stems from a lawsuit filed by the unnamed women against pornography website GirlsDoPorn and concluded a trial that began in August. ",
"San Diego Superior Court Judge Kevin Enright awarded the women $9,475,831.50 in compensatory damages and $3.3 million in punitive damages.",
"\n\n\"We are weighing our client's options, which include filing objections to the court's tentative statement of decision and an appeal if the decision becomes final,\" defense attorney Aaron D. Sadock said in a statement to CNN. ",
"Sadock added that the defendants will likely file objections in the next 15 days.",
"\n\nThe lawsuit claims that the defendants deceived women in financial need.",
"\n\nCourt documents say the defendants, including the website's owners Michael James Pratt and Matthew Isaac Wolfe and porn actor Ruben Andre Garcia, used fraudulent practices to recruit \"amateur college-aged women filming pornography for the first and only time\" for their subscription-based service.",
"\n\nRead More"
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[
"An Israeli court on Thursday confirmed that it would charge a soldier with manslaughter over the controversial killing of a Palestinian in the southern West Bank town of Hebron in March.",
"\n\nThe court in Jaffa requested an extension to the soldier’s remand so that charges can be presented on Monday, Israeli daily Haaretz reported. ",
"Indications that he would not be tried for murder first emerged late last month.",
"\n\nThe killing of Abd al-Fattah Yusri al-Sharif, 2, in Hebron sparked outrage when footage was published by Israeli rights group B’Tselem showing an Israeli soldier shooting the Palestinian in the head when he was lying incapacitated on the ground.",
"\n\nSharif was killed after being shot by the soldier, following an alleged attempted stabbing.",
"\n\nIsraeli media has identified the soldier as French-Israeli Elor Azarya.",
"\n\nYnet reported that a small group of people protested outside the Jaffa court on Thursday in support of Azarya, chanting ““whoever kills terrorists is an Israeli hero”.",
"\n\nAn autopsy report published earlier in April revealed that Sharif was alive when he was shot in the head by the soldier.",
"\n\nThe court had initially been expected to charge the soldier with murder.",
"\n\nIsraeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu initially criticised the killing but later went back on his comments and praised the Israeli army in its fight against “bloodthirsty murderers”.",
"\n\nBut the UN high commissioner for human rights has condemned the killing.",
"\n\n\"We are concerned this killing may not be a lone incident,\" UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rupert Colville, said in a recent statement, adding that \"all incidents where security forces have caused death or injury should be fully investigated, and those responsible brought to account.\"",
"\n\nSharif is one of more than 200 Palestinians who have been killed by Israeli forces and settlers since an uptick in violence began across Israel and the occupied Palestinian Territories last October. ",
"Most of them have been alleged attackers but people have also died during protests.",
"\n\nAlmost 30 Israelis have also been killed in the violence, which has seen a wave of knife, car, and shooting attacks by Palestinians and Palestinian citizens of Israel."
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0.0006471705855801702,
0.03115132451057434,
0.0015847847098484635,
0.13985352218151093
] | 0.018383 | 15 |
[
"Gastrointestinal perforation early after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for AL amyloidosis.",
"\nThe morbidity and mortality of AL amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of Ig light chains as amyloid protein in vital organs. ",
"With conventional therapy median survival of patients with AL amyloidosis is 10-14 months. ",
"With high-dose chemotherapy clinical remissions of organ-specific disease have been reported. ",
"Here, we present a patient with high-risk AL amyloidosis who was given high-dose therapy and a peripheral blood stem cell transplant. ",
"Four days later she died of gastrointestinal perforation due to amyloid infiltrations."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0.0021266138646751642,
0.006814305204898119,
0.0009258514037355781,
0.0006213561282493174,
0.0009590211557224393,
0.10233740508556366
] | 0.018964 | 6 |
[
"Q:\n\nIs this an interface or a function prototype?",
"\n\nI'm trying to read a project documentation. ",
"Under the title Prototype, I'm having this code :\nVisionAPI_RETURN VisionAPI VisionInterf_ImageAttach( \n VisionAPI_HANDLE ImageHandle , \n uint32_t NumImages \n);\n\nThe project's interfaces will be build in C, when the functions will be in C++.",
"\nWhen reading the documentation, I read prototype, so I supposed it is \"functions prototypes\". ",
"When reading more, I find the author sometimes using the term \"function\" and sometimes \"interface\". ",
"I know how to make an interface in C++ but not in C.\nSo is the code above about interface or function prototype? ",
"\nOtherwise, how to create an interface in C language? ",
"Is it by creating structure (struct) ?",
"\nI hope my question is not stupid. ",
"I'm a Java developer, and a C/C++ simple student.",
"\n\nA:\n\n(Adding to the already useful info given by @bitmask and @dasblinkenlight)\nIn C a function prototype is, roughly, the declaration of a function signature, i.e. the declaration of the function name, return type and parameter list types (i.e. the types of the parameters the function accepts, in their respective order).",
"\nTherefore, in a sense, the prototype of a function can be viewed as the interface of the function towards client code (in this case the term interface is used in a general way, unlike what it means in OOP and Java in particular).",
"\nAs a simpler example, suppose you defined a function like this:\nint MyFunc( double x, char * z )\n{\n // function body code\n}\n\nthen its prototype would be:\nint MyFunc( double x, char * z );\n\nor even\nint MyFunc( double, char * );\n\nsince parameter names are optional in function prototypes.",
"\nThere is no mechanism in C for creating an equivalent replica to Java interfaces, although often programmers refer to specially crafted C header files as \"interfaces\". ",
"These header files are filled with function prototypes and other declarations that represent the \"interface\" of the library they belong toward client code. ",
"\nTherefore client code can #include those header files to access the facilities offered by the library without knowing its implementation (here is the \"interface\" thing), which usually is resolved at link time (or at run-time if dynamic linking is involved).",
"\nEdit (to answer a comment)\nWhat you see before function name is probably some macro trick. ",
"Since I don't know what's the context I can only guess. ",
"The two identifiers VisionAPI_RETURN VisionAPI are most probably defined as macros. ",
"From their names I guess that the first expands to the actual return type, while the second could be either an empty macro (usually used to mark some category of declarations) or expands to some compiler-specific keyword combination, usually used to declare the function low-level calling convention.",
"\nFor example, somewhere there could be these macro definitions:\n#define VisionAPI_RETURN int\n#define VisionAPI \n\nso that, after the preprocessor has finished its work, the compiler will see this:\nint VisionInterf_ImageAttach( \n VisionAPI_HANDLE ImageHandle, \n uint32_t NumImages \n);\n\nAnother example - if those macros are defined like this:\n#define VisionAPI_RETURN struct MyReturn\n#define VisionAPI __stdcall\n\nthen the prototype will be expanded like this:\nstruct MyReturn __stdcall VisionInterf_ImageAttach( \n VisionAPI_HANDLE ImageHandle, \n uint32_t NumImages \n);\n\nIn this case the return type would be struct MyReturn, while the __stdcall keyword would indicate the \"stdcall\" calling convention (the __stdcall keyword is used by Microsoft compilers). ",
"This resulting syntax is an extension to standard C syntax (many compilers have some kind of such extensions).",
"\n\n"
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0.0006457967101596296,
0.0019954426679760218
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[
"In producing filaments or similar products, a polymer melt that is supplied through a single line coming from the polycondensation reactor or a chip melting device must be distributed uniformly to a number of spinning units or comparable extrusion units. ",
"Dead spots within the distributor should be avoided as much as possible and the product must not stagnate in the distributor when there are temporary interruptions in production because if the dwell time of this polymer is prolonged, it will result in thermal decomposition of the polymer, which thus leads to insoluble cross linked products."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} | [
0.0006243887473829091,
0.0006244875257834792
] | 0.000624 | 2 |
[
"God did an extraordinary thing for worthless people!",
"\n\n\"I love those who love me, and those who seek me find me\" Proverbs 8:17 NIV.",
"\n\nGod wants to lead us every day into His love, but it’s hard to focus on God’s will for your life when you believe that no matter what you do it won’t matter. ",
"We all have to admit that there are things about our own lives that we don’t like, and that make us at time not like ourselves all that much either. ",
"The evil one wants us to think that we are worthless, no good trash. ",
"He will use the meanness and cruelty of others, and our own weaknesses and failures, to make us hate ourselves. ",
"This hatred drives us away from God being our main focus.",
"\n\nHere’s why we need God so much. ",
"He did an extraordinary thing for worthless people. “",
"God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us” Romans 5:8. ",
"You see in God’s eye there are not worthless people. ",
"The Lord Jesus Christ thinks you are so valuable that he was willing to die for you. ",
"He didn’t wait for you to clean yourself up first. ",
"He died so you would know His love. ",
"So today, cast your worries, self doubt, and self hatred on Him, He will not fail you!",
"\n\n\"Humble yourselves, therefore, under God's mighty hand, that he may lift you up in due time. ",
"Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you.\" ",
"1 Peter 5:6 NIV God's timing is perfect allow God to guide your day letting Him work out the details so that your focus is on His love.",
"\n\nThis is my Prayer: Jesus allow me to see myself through Your eyes. ",
"Lord give me the strength to trust You and focus on Your love. ",
"Help me to see my value in Your plan. ",
"God teach me care about You as much as You care about me. ",
"Show me how to cast my worries, self doubt, and self hatred on You and know that You’re work out everything out. ",
"Help me focus on Your love today and seek You. ",
"In Jesus name, Amen."
] | {
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0.11309362947940826,
0.0006604012451134622,
0.003103760303929448
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[
"Between the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989 and the policy's hastily enforced end on 29 December 1989, East German citizens claimed an estimated four billion Deutschmarks in so-called ‘Begrüßungsgeld’ or ‘welcome money’ from the West German authorities.",
"\n\nTens of thousands stood in line at banks and town halls up and down West Germany, waiting to collect their state-sanctioned gift of 100DM (around €80 today). ",
"For most East Germans, shortages of basic goods were a fact of daily life and luxuries were all but non-existent, this modest windfall represented the first true spending money that they had ever possessed, and in spending it they would have their first encounters with modern-day capitalism and consumerism.",
"\n\nIn this programme, journalist and teutonophile Malcolm Jack heads to Berlin to find out what East Germans bought with their Begrüßungsgeld and, 30 years on, what became of those purchases.",
"\n\nIn Berlin, Malcolm meets Jens ‘Tasso’ Muller from Saxony, who, on his first trip west, travelled with friends to Kreuzberg in Berlin. ",
"It was the first time he had ever seen graffiti tags, on every corner in every place. ",
"Having never seen graffiti tags before, he worked out it must be done with a marker so that was the first thing he bought. ",
"As it cost an exorbitant 11DM, he just bought one, but it would be the first of many. ",
"Today Jens is better known by the alias 'Tasso' and his tag is recognised all over the world - as a professional graffiti artist he has visited 31 different countries and counting; all thanks to one black ink Edding marker, igniting a passion for street art he didn't even know existed.",
"\n\nAmongst other East Germans and East Berliners, Malcolm meets fashion designer and former international model Grit Seymour. ",
"Grit’s welcome money was spent on fresh exotic fruit and a copy of Italian Vogue which was previously inaccessible to her in the GDR. ",
"Malcolm also visits a former Stasi prison with tour guide and former inmate Peter Kreup, whose welcome money provided a sense of power and freedom that he had previously been denied after spending 10 months incarcerated by the regime. ",
"Performance artist and lecturer Else Gabriel shares her unorthodox approach to the welcome money, and the bounty it brought her which she still keeps in her studio. ",
"Nicole Hartmann was just 11 years old when the wall fell, and remembers the feeling of solidarity that she felt when her East German village banded together to look after the people in the streams of cars, all travelling to Berlin to collect their Begrüßungsgeld. ",
"We also hear from Professor of German History at University College, London about the reasons for the introduction of the welcome money itself, and its impact on the process of reunification."
] | {
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0.002049726899713278,
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0.001441333326511085,
0.0006606681272387505,
0.002598782768473029,
0.0009226112742908299,
0.0007803834741935134,
0.0007197442464530468,
0.0008413125760853291,
0.0005552340880967677,
0.0011986596509814262,
0.0005434458726085722
] | 0.001078 | 15 |
[
".6 - 0.6. ",
"Let g = 1 - s. Let m = -5.55 + 4.55. ",
"Sort m, 1, g in decreasing order.",
"\n1, m, g\nSuppose -4*p + i + 7 = -10, 5*i = -p - 22. ",
"Let l be (-4)/4*(2 - 1). ",
"Sort l, p, 8 in decreasing order.",
"\n8, p, l\nLet k be -3 - (-2 - (1 - -16)). ",
"Suppose k = -2*x - 14. ",
"Let v = -12 - x. Sort v, -3, 0 in ascending order.",
"\n-3, 0, v\nSuppose -4*y - 64 + 13 = -5*b, 2*b = -4*y - 86. ",
"Put 3/4, y, 2/5 in increasing order.",
"\ny, 2/5, 3/4\nLet y(c) = -c**3 + 16*c**2 - 16*c + 20. ",
"Let o be y(15). ",
"Let b = o + -1. ",
"Suppose 2*f - b = 4. ",
"Sort -3/2, f, 0.7.",
"\n-3/2, 0.7, f\nLet x = 16 - 13. ",
"Let f = -10/6153603 - 5932040042/20460729975. ",
"Let h = -2/475 - f. Sort h, 2/5, x in ascending order.",
"\nh, 2/5, x\nLet i be 1*(0 - (-5 + 1)). ",
"Suppose -3*t + 2*b - 6 = 0, 0 = 2*t + 3*t + 2*b - 22. ",
"Sort i, 1, t, -12 in decreasing order.",
"\ni, t, 1, -12\nSuppose 4 = -2*f, 2*g + f = 2*f + 10. ",
"Let n(w) = -10*w + 357. ",
"Let t be n(34). ",
"Put t, g, 2 in descending order.",
"\nt, g, 2\nLet k = 516 + -517. ",
"Let m = -0.1 - 0. ",
"Let i = 1465/11 - 133. ",
"Sort k, m, i in increasing order.",
"\nk, m, i\nLet g be (-3)/9 + (-5364)/108. ",
"Sort -5, 2, g in decreasing order.",
"\n2, -5, g\nLet f = -204 + 200. ",
"Put 2/5, -1/6, f in descending order.",
"\n2/5, -1/6, f\nLet y(j) = 13*j**3 - 9*j**2 + 10*j + 6. ",
"Let p be y(2). ",
"Sort 1, 3, p.\n1, 3, p\nLet j(h) = -h**2 - 9*h - 11. ",
"Let r(f) = f**2 + 11*f + 20. ",
"Let c be r(-7). ",
"Let v be j(c). ",
"Let k = -10 - -6. ",
"Sort k, 5, v.\nk, v, 5\nLet m(z) = -z**3 - z**2 + 7*z + 8. ",
"Let t be (-16)/56 + 57/(-21). ",
"Let r be m(t). ",
"Sort 1, 2, -1, r.\n-1, 1, 2, r\nLet v(l) = 3*l**2 - 8*l - 2. ",
"Let t be v(3). ",
"Sort -3, -2, -4, t in decreasing order.",
"\nt, -2, -3, -4\nLet j = -172 - -166. ",
"Suppose 16 = 4*o + f - 4, 4*o = 3*f + 4. ",
"Sort j, -1, o, 5 in increasing order.",
"\nj, -1, o, 5\nLet p = 21 + -23. ",
"Let s be -4 + (7 - 1 - p). ",
"Let g = 7 + -12. ",
"Sort s, g, 2.",
"\ng, 2, s\nLet x = 67 + -29. ",
"Let q = 38.3 - x. Put -2, -0.5, q, 4 in decreasing order.",
"\n4, q, -0.5, -2\nSuppose -21 = -5*i - 4*p, 24*i - 2*p = 29*i - 13. ",
"Let y(v) = -v**2 - 2*v + 2. ",
"Let n(l) = l - 1. ",
"Let h(j) = 3*n(j) + y(j). ",
"Let c be h(2). ",
"Sort 2, c, i.\nc, i, 2\nLet n = 6 - 5.959. ",
"Let z = -3.041 + n. Let v = -1 + 5. ",
"Sort 5, v, z in descending order.",
"\n5, v, z\nLet s = 2.43 + -2.13. ",
"Sort 0.1, s, 0.06, 0.4.",
"\n0.06, 0.1, s, 0.4\nSuppose 2*r = 4*q - 88, -36 = -0*q - 2*q - r. Suppose 19 = -5*t + 2*m, -4*t + 3 - q = -m. ",
"Suppose 0 = 8*n - 4 - 28. ",
"Put n, t, 3 in ascending order.",
"\nt, 3, n\nLet z = -0.4 - -0.7. ",
"Let k = 3775 - 3784. ",
"Sort -2, k, z in decreasing order.",
"\nz, -2, k\nLet s = -5.8 + 0.8. ",
"Let v = -188.4 + 188. ",
"Put 0.2, s, v, 1 in increasing order.",
"\ns, v, 0.2, 1\nLet u = 9.06 + 1.94. ",
"Put 2, 0.2, u in increasing order.",
"\n0.2, 2, u\nSuppose 0 = 4*l + s, l = -0*l - 3*s. ",
"Suppose -4 = 3*c + 2*o, o = c + c + 5. ",
"Sort c, -1, l, 2 in descending order.",
"\n2, l, -1, c\nLet v = 1.1 + -1.38. ",
"Let u = -0.04 - v. Put u, 4, -0.1 in increasing order.",
"\n-0.1, u, 4\nSuppose 0 = 3*o + 2*o + 20. ",
"Let v(a) = -5*a - 20. ",
"Let u be v(-5). ",
"Suppose -u*c - 23 = -13. ",
"Put o, -1, c in decreasing order.",
"\n-1, c, o\nLet a = 1586/3 + -528. ",
"Put 0.35, a, -5, -0.3 in decreasing order.",
"\na, 0.35, -0.3, -5\nLet a = -6.4 + -0.6. ",
"Let w = a + 5.8. ",
"Let y = 1.6 + w. Put y, -3, 5 in descending order.",
"\n5, y, -3\nSuppose d + 4*z = 4*d + 3, -3*z = -9. ",
"Put 3/7, 1, d, 0.01 in increasing order.",
"\n0.01, 3/7, 1, d\nLet a(z) = z**3 - 2*z**2 - 3*z. ",
"Let s be a(3). ",
"Let v be (-51)/12 + 2/8. ",
"Let i be ((-10)/(-16))/((-56)/(-448)). ",
"Put i, s, v in descending order.",
"\ni, s, v\nLet q(p) = 21*p - 518. ",
"Let j be q(24). ",
"Put -5, 4, j in decreasing order.",
"\n4, -5, j\nSuppose -5*q + 109 = -3*b, -6*b + 2*b + 88 = 5*q. ",
"Suppose 2*a + 0*a - 4*w = -q, -a + w - 6 = 0. ",
"Let p be (0/7)/(-1 - -2). ",
"Sort a, p, -1.",
"\na, -1, p\nSuppose -155*y = -58*y + 2328. ",
"Put 2, y, 3, 0 in ascending order.",
"\ny, 0, 2, 3\nLet y(t) = t**3 + 6*t**2 + 7*t - 1. ",
"Let g be y(-4). ",
"Let i be (g - (3 + -3))*(-20)/(-12). ",
"Sort -5, 4, i in descending order.",
"\ni, 4, -5\nLet b = -0.137 - 0.163. ",
"Let z = 0.8 - 1. ",
"Sort z, 3, b in descending order.",
"\n3, z, b\nLet r = -27.8 - -28. ",
"Let s = 4.3 - 4.8. ",
"Sort s, r, 4, 5/3 in descending order.",
"\n4, 5/3, r, s\nLet m = -652 - -647. ",
"Suppose 0 = -2*o - 1 + 23. ",
"Let u be 1/(-3) - o/3. ",
"Put m, u, 3 in ascending order.",
"\nm, u, 3\nLet k be 228/126 - (0 + 2/14). ",
"Let v = -2 - -3. ",
"Let l be v - 0/(0 - 1). ",
"Put l, k, 0.3 in decreasing order.",
"\nk, l, 0.3\nLet c = 31 - 67. ",
"Let b = 22 + c. Let y = 14.3 + b. Sort y, -2/3, -0.3 in decreasing order.",
"\ny, -0.3, -2/3\nLet p = -1 - 9. ",
"Let c = 15 + p. Let t be (0 - 1/(-10))/(12/15). ",
"Sort t, c, -5/2.",
"\n-5/2, t, c\nSuppose g + 4*j - 2 = 4*g, -3*g + 2*j + 2 = 0. ",
"Let m be g/3 + (-64)/24. ",
"Suppose 7*y = 4*y + 15. ",
"Sort -3, m, y in descending order.",
"\ny, m, -3\nLet g(o) = -o**3 - 6*o**2 + 4. ",
"Let s be g(-6). ",
"Let z(r) = -r**2 + 17*r - 46. ",
"Let f be z(14). ",
"Put -5, s, 0, f in descending order.",
"\ns, 0, f, -5\nLet z(l) = l**3 + 4*l**2 + 5*l + 2. ",
"Let w be z(-3). ",
"Let s(r) = -r**3 - 3*r**2 + 2*r - 3. ",
"Let y be s(w). ",
"Let o = -26.9 + 21.9. ",
"Sort o, -3/7, y.\no, -3/7, y\nLet u(n) = -n - 17. ",
"Let c be u(-17). ",
"Suppose -5*m - 5*i - 20 = 0, 4*m - 3*i + 4*i + 10 = c. Put m, -1/5, 1/6, -3 in decreasing order.",
"\n1/6, -1/5, m, -3\nLet l = -26 - -133. ",
"Let i = 107.5 - l. Sort i, 13, 0.2, 0.1 in decreasing order.",
"\n13, i, 0.2, 0.1\nSuppose c + 5 = 6*c. ",
"Suppose 4*v - 10 = -2, -3*b + v + 181 = 0. ",
"Put b, 4, c in ascending order.",
"\nc, 4, b\nLet l be -1 + (1 - 2 - 255/(-153)). ",
"Sort l, 1, -48.",
"\n-48, l, 1\nLet c(k) be the first derivative of -k**3/3 + 19*k**2/2 + 40*k + 27. ",
"Let t be c(21). ",
"Put 3, -0.4, t in descending order.",
"\n3, -0.4, t\nLet v = 3058/17 - 180. ",
"Let s = 0 + 1. ",
"Let g = s - 0.6. ",
"Sort v, -1/6, g in ascending order.",
"\n-1/6, v, g\nSuppose 6*c = 4*c + 52. ",
"Let f = c - 21. ",
"Suppose 3*y + 2 + 1 = 0. ",
"Sort -3, y, f in descending order.",
"\nf, y, -3\nLet w be 13*(976/312 - 16/6). ",
"Sort -8, w, 3, -2 in descending order.",
"\nw, 3, -2, -8\nSuppose -2 = 3*w + 1. ",
"Let d be w*(-2)/((-10)/(-25)). ",
"Put 3, 0.3, 0.2, d in increasing order.",
"\n0.2, 0.3, 3, d\nLet y = 0.1218 - 0.0218. ",
"Suppose 3*j = 6*j - 495. ",
"Let p = j + -1153/7. ",
"Sort 5, y, p in descending order.",
"\n5, p, y\nLet p be ((-8)/(-8))/(2/6). ",
"Suppose 2*j - p = -5. ",
"Let u = -3 - j. Sort 1, 5, u in increasing order.",
"\nu, 1, 5\nLet y = 136 - 948/7. ",
"Sort -9, y, 5, 0.",
"\n-9, 0, y, 5\nLet r = 218.249 + -218. ",
"Let s = r + -0.049. ",
"Sort 1/4, -0.5, 3, s in increasing order.",
"\n-0.5, s, 1/4, 3\nLet m = -92.1 + 97.49. ",
"Let f = m + -0.39. ",
"Put f, 1/4, -0.2 in ascending order.",
"\n-0.2, 1/4, f\nSuppose 5*r + 28 = -2*v - v, v + 6 = -r. ",
"Put r, 4, 9 in descending order.",
"\n9, 4, r\nLet h = 168 - 155. ",
"Sort 2, -0.3, h.\n-0.3, 2, h\nSuppose 8*r - 3*r + 35 = -4*f, -5*f - r - 28 = 0. ",
"Let t be 18/(4/((-744)/153)). ",
"Let p = t + 22. ",
"Sort 3, p, f in decreasing order.",
"\n3, p, f\nLet d = -0.3 - -0.4. ",
"Let f = -628/171 - -34/9. ",
"Put 0.5, f, d, 0.2 in descending order.",
"\n0.5, 0.2, f, d\nLet k = 476 - 481. ",
"Sort -1, 0.02, k, 0.2 in decreasing order.",
"\n0.2, 0.02, -1, k\nLet r(t) = -t**2 - 6*t - 6. ",
"Let j be r(-4). ",
"Let y(i) = i**3 + 4*i**2 + i - 2. ",
"Let h be y(-4). ",
"Let q(m) = -m**2 - 5*m + 4. ",
"Let l be q(h). ",
"Sort 4, l, j.\nl, j, 4\nLet h = 3.26 + -2.86. ",
"Put 14, 0.01, h in increasing order.",
"\n0.01, h, 14\nLet s = 5 + -19/4. ",
"Let o(m) be the third derivative of m**6/120 - m**5/60 + m**4/24 + m**3 + 11*m**2. ",
"Let h be o(0). ",
"Put h, s, -2/13 in decreasing order.",
"\nh, s, -2/13\nSuppose -9*f - 9 = -13*f - 3*p, 5*f = 5*p - 15. ",
"Sort 5, 84, f in increasing order.",
"\nf, 5, 84\nLet c(w) = -11*w - 154. ",
"Let f be c(-14). ",
"Sort -2, -12, f, 5 in ascending order.",
"\n-12, -2, f, 5\nLet g = 597 + -27463/46. ",
"Let u = -0.5 + 0.6. ",
"Let n = -0.5 + u. Sort 5, n, g in decreasing order.",
"\n5, g, n\nLet p = -8 + 9. ",
"Let f = 23 + -27. ",
"Put f, 3/4, p, -1 in descending order.",
"\np, 3/4, -1, f\nLet l be (-10)/75 + (-19262)/(-15). ",
"Let c be (-72)/l*1/(-2). ",
"Let r = 342/749 - c. Put 1, r, 3 in descending order.",
"\n3, 1, r\nLet z = 18.6 - 16.82. ",
"Let b = z + -1.08. ",
"Put -0.5, -0.1, b in ascending order.",
"\n-0.5, -0.1, b\nSuppose 0 = 5*y - 38*y - 66. ",
"Put -4, -24, y in decreasing order.",
"\ny, -4, -24\nLet i(f) = -f**2 + 7*f + 5. ",
"Let b be i(7). ",
"Let n be (-3)/(-15) + 29/5. ",
"Let s(o) = o**2 - 10*o + 15. ",
"Let a be s(n). ",
"Sort -1, a, b.\na, -1, b\nLet n be (-1)/(1/(-3 - -2)). ",
"Suppose 4*f - 367 + 355 = 0, 3*f = 2*r + 13. ",
"Put n, 15, r in descending order.",
"\n15, n, r\nLet c = -0.4 + 2.4. ",
"Let r = c - 1.1. ",
"Let x = 0.9 - r. Put 2/5, -1, x in decreasing order.",
"\n2/5, x, -1\nSuppose -3*k + 2*k + 12 = 0. ",
"Suppose 0 = 4*y - k. Suppose 0 = 2*p - y + 1"
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[
"Mark Ilott\n\nMark Christopher Ilott (born 27 August 1970) is a former English professional cricketer. ",
"Ilott played his first Test in the third match of the 1993 Ashes, a match in which England gave debuts to four players (most notably Graham Thorpe), Ilott took four wickets in the match but only four more in his next two matches and was subsequently left out of the side. ",
"After an impressive 1995 season with Essex taking 78 wickets he was recalled to the side for the tour to South Africa, Ilott took 3/48 in the third Test yet was injured in the fourth Test.",
"\n\nIlott enjoyed a 15 year first-class career with Essex. ",
"He was born at Watford in Hertfordshire and lives in Potters Bar. ",
"He studied at Francis Combe School and Community College. ",
"Ilott's brother, Nigel played cricket for Hertfordshire.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1970 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Sportspeople from Watford\nCategory:England Test cricketers\nCategory:English cricketers\nCategory:Essex cricketers\nCategory:Hertfordshire cricketers"
] | {
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[
"Still Alive – Just Swamped\n\nThe response from the Austin crowd has been enormous. ",
"A new and improved OPML file will be coming momentarily. ",
"I’ll get to all the emails individually this weekend! ",
"I crossed over an embarrassingly large threshold of unread emails this week, so it might be a minute before you hear from me."
] | {
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[
"Medicare risk contracting. ",
"Lessons from an unsuccessful demonstration.",
"\nThe Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 provided a full-risk Medicare capitation financing option for health maintenance organizations and competitive medical plans. ",
"Two rounds of demonstrations were conducted, followed by the publication of final regulations in January 1985. ",
"The first-round demonstration at Marshfield, Wis, was operational for 28 months. ",
"Thirty-seven percent of all resident beneficiaries enrolled. ",
"Aggregate losses exceeded $3 million (11.6% of revenue). ",
"Management implemented increasingly more stringent utilization review. ",
"Overall hospital utilization declined 261.7 days per 1000 from fiscal year 1981 to 1982; nonetheless, federal reimbursement was insufficient to meet program costs and the demonstration was terminated. ",
"The central reimbursement method used in Medicare risk contracting (adjusted average per capita cost) does not adequately control for enrollment selection, unmet medical need, or recent regional cost variations. ",
"Reimbursement set at 95% of estimated fee-for-service costs does not recognize, and in the long run will not support, an efficiently operating delivery system."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Pat McMahon (rugby league)\n\nPatrick McMahon (born 21 June 1927), also known by the nickname of \"Cocky\", is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. ",
"An Australia national and Queensland state representative winger, he played his club football around the state of Queensland.",
"\n\nMcMahon was first selected to represent Queensland in 1946. ",
"The following year he joined Toowoomba's Souths club and while there he was selected in 1948 to make his international début for the Australian national team, becoming Kangaroo No. ",
"241.",
"\n\nDuring his career McMahon also played for Mt. Isa, Toowoomba's All Whites club, and Babinda.",
"\n\nMcMahon also had a stint as captain coach of the Mitchell club in 1956.",
"\n\nIn 2008, rugby league in Australia's centenary year, McMahon was named on the bench of the Toowoomba and South West Team of the Century.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1927 births\nCategory:Australian rugby league players\nCategory:Australian rugby league coaches\nCategory:Queensland rugby league team players\nCategory:Australia national rugby league team players\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Rugby league wingers"
] | {
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"void void ident\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nupgrading to bigger node-pool in GKE\n\nI have a node-pool (default-pool) in a GKE cluster with 3 nodes, machine type n1-standard-1. ",
"They host 6 pods with a redis cluster in it (3 masters and 3 slaves) and 3 pods with an nodejs example app in it.",
"\nI want to upgrade to a bigger machine type (n1-standard-2) with also 3 nodes.",
"\nIn the documentation, google gives an example to upgrade to a different machine type (in a new node pool).",
"\nI have tested it while in development, and my node pool was unreachable for a while while executing the following command:\nfor node in $(kubectl get nodes -l cloud.google.com/gke-nodepool=default-pool -o=name); do\n kubectl cordon \"$node\";\ndone\n\nIn my terminal, I got a message that my connection with the server was lost (I could not execute kubectl commands). ",
"After a few minutes, I could reconnect and I got the desired output as shown in the documentation.",
"\nThe second time, I tried leaving out the cordon command and I skipped to the following command:\nfor node in $(kubectl get nodes -l cloud.google.com/gke-nodepool=default-pool -o=name); do\n kubectl drain --force --ignore-daemonsets --delete-local-data --grace-period=10 \"$node\";\ndone\n\nThis because if I interprete the kubernetes documentation correctly, the nodes are automatically cordonned when using the drain command. ",
"But I got the same result as with the cordon command: I lost connection to the cluster for a few minutes, and I could not reach the nodejs example app that was hosted on the same nodes. ",
"After a few minutes, it restored itself.",
"\nI found a workaround to upgrade to a new node pool with bigger machine types: I edited the deployment/statefulset yaml files and changed the nodeSelector. ",
"Node pools in GKE are tagged with:\ncloud.google.com/gke-nodepool=NODE_POOL_NAME\n\nso I added the correct nodeSelector to the deployment.yaml file:\napiVersion: apps/v1\nkind: Deployment\nmetadata:\n name: example-deployment\n labels:\n app: example\nspec:\n replicas: 3\n selector:\n matchLabels:\n app: example\n template:\n metadata:\n labels:\n app: example\n spec:\n nodeSelector:\n cloud.google.com/gke-nodepool: new-default-pool\n containers:\n - name: example\n image: IMAGE\n ports:\n - containerPort: 3000\n\nThis works without downtime, but I'm not sure this is the right way to do in a production environment.",
"\nWhat is wrong with the cordon/drain command, or am I not using them correctly?",
"\n\nA:\n\nCordoning a node will cause it to be removed from the load balancers backend list, so will a drain. ",
"The correct way to do it is to set up anti-affinity rules on the deployment so the pods are not deployed on the same node, or the same region for that matter. ",
"That will cause an even distribution of pods throught your node pool.",
"\nThen you have to disable autoscaling on the old node pool if you have it enabled, slowly drain 1-2 nodes a time and wait for them to appear on the new node pool, making sure at all times to keep one pod of the deployment alive so it can handle traffic.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Byron Scott, Kobe, and Lessons from Showtime\n\nWhen Byron Scott was named head coach of the Lakers, one of the major reasons he received instant backing from a healthy portion of the fan base was because of his history as a Laker. ",
"The bulk of his career was spent as a member of the Showtime era teams and his legacy is one of a key contributor to championship glory. ",
"This history has earned him a credibility that other candidates could not match. ",
"I mean when Magic, Silk, and the Captain show up to your introductory presser the goodwill transposed upon you is massive.",
"\n\nScott will need more than goodwill to succeed, though. ",
"He has inherited a mismatched roster mixed with veterans possessing proud histories and young players looking to build their names and continue to progress on an upward trajectory. ",
"Managing this situation will not be easy and Scott will need to draw on all his experiences as a coach and as a member of those championship teams to find workable solutions.",
"\n\nIf Scott looks back, though, he should find at least one comparison that could aid him in his success.",
"\n\nRight as Scott was entering the prime of his career, the Lakers were in a mild transition. ",
"Though they were considered championship caliber and had the Showtime moniker, they were still somewhat of a team seeking a true identity. ",
"For years they had deftly mixed the post-up prowess of Kareem and the fast paced stylings of Magic, but as the Captain aged and Magic became more of an offense onto himself, the team had to make a choice. ",
"Would they continue to be an opportunistic running team that mostly played through Jabbar or would they hand the keys over to Johnson and let him orchestrate the high octane attack he had mastered?",
"\n\nThe answer, of course, was the latter and the rest is history. ",
"Starting in the 1987 season, the Lakers became Magic’s team and with that came a truly historic run. ",
"As a player, Magic won three of the next four league MVP’s (1987, 1989, and 1990) and as a team the Lakers won back to back championships (1987 and 1988) and went to four of the next five NBA Finals (1987, 1988, 1989, and 1991). ",
"And as the starting shooting guard, Scott saw it all firsthand.",
"\n\nToday, Scott may not have a Magic Johnson to turn the team over to, but he does have his Kareem in one Kobe Bryant.",
"\n\nLike Jabbar, Kobe is an aged legend whose career is winding down. ",
"Like Kareem, Kobe is still an icon and, should his health permit, should still be one of the more reliable scorers in the league. ",
"And, like Kareem, Kobe is still worthy of being the focus of an offense offering a skill set in the post and, again, health permitting, a perimeter savvy that can tilt a defense in his direction to be the fulcrum of a half court offense.",
"\n\nBut, also like Jabbar, the team around Kobe is changing. ",
"Though Boozer joins him as a sage veteran who is at his best playing a more methodical approach, the rest of the roster will likely be at their best playing an open court style.",
"\n\nIn Jeremy Lin the Lakers have a point guard who does his best when pushing the pace and turning the game into horserace. ",
"Nick Young is mostly seen as a chucker in the half court, but he had his most successful season as a pro playing in Mike D’Antoni’s uptempo offense that generated looks early in the clock against a defense that was not fully set. ",
"The same is true for Wes Johnson and Xavier Henry. ",
"In Julius Randle, Jordan Hill, and Ed Davis the team has three young bigs who can all get up and down the floor well, finish on the break, and play with tempo. ",
"Even Steve Nash, should he be healthy enough to do so, is at his best when trying to create open court chances where he can pick out teammates while the defense scrambles in transition.",
"\n\nAs a team, then, the Lakers would seemingly do well to push the pace and see if they can get easy baskets early and often. ",
"They could, potentially, play nine to ten players, most of whom can thrive in an open court game. ",
"The question, though, is whether Scott will let them.",
"\n\nThis isn’t to say that Kobe should be marginalized. ",
"Even though Kareem took a backseat to Magic, it’s not like he was forgotten. ",
"When the team needed a key bucket or when Magic was on the bench, the team quickly shifted back to their big man on the block and watched him sky hook opponents to death. ",
"It’s just that happened a little less often than it did earlier in the 80’s when he was the focal point. ",
"Scott could do the same with Kobe, featuring him plenty and giving him ample opportunities to be the focal point of the offense via post ups, wing isolations, and actions that get him touches at the elbow. ",
"They could also continue to use him as an initiator of the P&R to get him the ball on the move and attacking a defense in the midst of making rotations.",
"\n\nBut, even in doing that, Scott will still need to give his younger players a chance to do what they do best. ",
"If that means Kobe gets a little bit less of the action than he used to, that will just come with the territory of aging and adjusting to the team he finds himself on.",
"\n\nBesides Scott touting his championship history with the team, he also talked up his relationship with #24. ",
"This next season, Scott might do well to remember his playing days and how the organization handled the transition of another aging legend and apply that to his current one. ",
"And while he may not find the championship glory he did during Showtime, he may just get the best from most of his other players. ",
"Much like (Scott’s mentor) Pat Riley did with Magic.",
"\n\nDarius Soriano\n\n79 responses to Byron Scott, Kobe, and Lessons from Showtime\n\nKobe needs to accept playing, say, 30-35 minutes per game while giving a hard consistent effort on D, and playing within the team concept. ",
"Byron needs to sell this and put his foot down when needed. ",
"In the final analysis, the Lakers should be as follows:\nAverage at PG between Lin and Nash\nAbove average at SG between Kobe and SwagP\nBelow average at SF between Johnson and Henry\nAverage in their front line with Hill, Davis, Randle, and Boozer.",
"\nAverage bench.",
"\n\nIf Byron gets Kobe to accept fewer minutes, play hard defense, and get his teamates involved, the two of them could almost be like co-coaches, alternatively inspiring and cracking the whip on their troops. ",
"The good news is that with the possible exception of Boozer, none of these players is in a position to do other than accept their roles and bust their butts. ",
"That is so long as Kobe and Byron are on the same page. ",
"They’ve both got every incentive to work with each other and surprise people a little. ",
"8th place in the standings at say, 44-38 is a worthy goal. ",
"With expectations what they are, I think Laker Nation would be pretty happy with this.",
"\n\nPerfectly said and the comparison is true. ",
"Early 80’s a more methodical pace, towards the end of the decade, it was all about running baby…it’s Showtime! ",
"If anyone can do it, Byron can. ",
"The support is all there. ",
"Go Lakers!!!",
"\nNow if Kobe can read and re-read this article and buy into it, we’re having a surprisingly amazing season. ",
"If not, sadly we may have to wait for his retirement. ",
"And pick up Beasley while we’re at it. ",
"Can’t hurt, we’ll not that much anyway.",
"\n\nThe analogy is completely off. ",
"Once you admit that there is no Magic Johnson then the comparison is moot. ",
"You think the Captain would have taken a backseat to aveage players??? ",
"Listen, if the Lakers want to be as competitive as Scott claims, the offense will be run through Kobe. ",
"If and only if that fails should an alternative be sought. ",
"Jeremy Lin is turnover prone (even at the height of Linsanity), I am not giving him the keys to my offense if I want to be a playoff team. ",
"Lin needs to go watch tapes of PGs that thrived next to ball dominant great wings and learn to adjust his game. ",
"Jeremy Lin is better served working on his jumper and defense. ",
"I wont be suprised if Scott utilizes Kobe at the PG position to close out games in order to have a solid defensive lineup.",
"\n\nNice piece D. It’s no secret that any success the Lakers will have this season will revolve around Kobe. ",
"Not just his on court stats, but his leadership & attitude. ",
"Kareem, David Robinson, & Tim Duncan, just to name a few, are great examples of unselfish superstars who realized their mortality and adjusted their games in order for others to shine thus improving the team overall.",
"\n\nThey never made statements such as “I eat first” or thought it would be insulting to average “only” 20 ppg. ",
"Up until this stage of his career, Kobe’s leadership & attitude has more closely resembled his idol Michael Jordan.",
"\n\nI’m sure many who read this will want to focus on the situational differences of Kobe & Kareem instead of the similarities at this stage of their careers. ",
"So be it.",
"\n\nHere’s hoping as Laker fans we’ll be able to cheer for a lot more than just Kobe passing Jordan on the NBA all-time scoring list in the 2014-15 season.",
"\n\nI’m very happy Love is going to Cle. ",
"Very Interesting to see how good Kevin Love actually is. ",
"With that spotlight on him. ",
"We know how good he will be getting wide open jumpers from Lebron and Irving kick outs. ",
"But we will see how many rebounds he can get playing against teams actually playing hard against him every night. ",
"The thing is Love isn’t actually a great shooter. ",
"He is great for a PF. ",
"But his career high of 37 percent last year isn’t very good. ",
"But those stats with LBJ will go up to 40-43 percent next year I’m sure.",
"\n\nWhat’s interesting is that pressure/attention. ",
"That’s going to be interesting. ",
"We know his D is around the worst in the entire NBA. ",
"But now everyone will see it every night. ",
"And people will now see he is just a spot up shooter on offense. ",
"The myth of Kevin Love will be gone.",
"\n\nBut the thing you don’t know is about those rebounds. ",
"I wonder if he will rebound the same in the regular season with teams playing hard now (and not just in the last three minutes of close games). ",
"I don’t think he will. ",
"But I’m not 100 percent sure. ",
"I’m curious. ",
"I’m excited to see it. ",
"I mean I know for sure he won’t be able to rebound in the playoffs. ",
"But the regular season? … ",
"Well he might suprise me. ",
"Does he have the athletisim to rebound against teams going 90 percent the entire game? ",
"I know he doesn’t have it to do it against teams going 100 percent in the post season. ",
"I’m excited Love is going to an NBA team with significance. ",
"This will be fun. ",
"He has that ability to hustlle in games in the regular season for rebounds. ",
"He is great at rebounding boxing out on D and scrapping for offensive rebounds. ",
"Does one of the most famous NBA players in today’s game have the game to back it up? ",
"We will see… We will all see… And I for one love it. ",
"Player mobility is the key to a successful league. ",
"In any sport.",
"\n\nDiscussing sports is usually a futile endeavor. ",
"Somehow we have arrived at Kobe needs to accept, unselfish leaders, etc. ",
"After 17 years people really believe Kobe is going to accept what someone who hasnt had his success says if it is contrary to his vision? ",
"Is this a joke? ",
"Just like David Platt is going to use Lebron anyway he pleases? ",
"Please!!! ",
"Speaking of unselfish, Kareem is the same unselfish leader who got so jealous of Magic’s contract he complained to management. ",
"Duncan is the same unselfish leader who refused to speak to Parker and Ginobli their rookie seasons. ",
"People need to stop with these made up narratives. ",
"Start by saying, I like Kareem, Duncan and Robinson; I don’t like Kobe and Jordan. ",
"Can you even for a moment realize that Kobe and Jordan are 2 of the most successful human beings in the history of mankind at their chosen craft/profession. ",
"Who out there is nitpicking at any of Einstein’s perceived shortcomings? ",
"Unselfish is a made up phrase in sports. ",
"There are no selfish or unselfish leaders in sports. ",
"There are only leaders. ",
"We should respect those whose methods led to successful results (Rings). ",
"And let’s be real, no one here knows this team better than Kobe and Scott. ",
"Kobe has already watched tapes of these players. ",
"He has had the benefit of scouting notes. ",
"Btw, when y’all were asleep at 3am last he was up planning for next season. ",
"After 17 years why doubt his ability to use the talent he has around him? ",
"After 17 years you think you know more than the most prepared athlete walking the planet?",
"\n\nHave you talked with Kobe about this article? ",
"Gathered his thoughts? ",
"Maybe he’s thinking the same thing given two injuries and a completely new surrounding cast, save for the perennially injured Nash. ",
"You’re mounting a full on Kobe defensive and there’s no reason for it, especially on a site where the general consensus (including Darius) is that Kobe is one of the best players of all time. ",
"You gotta chill.",
"\n\nKareem,\nIf you have been watching the Lakers since 1996 and have studied Kobe like I have then you will realize that I don’t need to consult Kobe to know that he too will tell you that the above wasn’t an appropriate analogy. ",
"I have to say that it is strange that on a Lakers blog I am being accused of a full on defense of Kobe because I responded to someone insinuating that Kobe isn’t an unselfish leader. ",
"I am not defending Kobe. ",
"I am simply saying 1, the analogy isn’t appropriate since there is no Magic, 2, Kobe is going to be rightfully the focal point of the offense and 3, Kobe is a selfless leader.",
"\n\nGo ask Ronnie Turiaf about Kobe. ",
"Dude got a lowball offer from the Lakers that the Warrior’s offer eclisped. ",
"Kobe encouraged Ronnie to take the bigger offer and take care of his family. ",
"No one in the media will talk about that because it isn’t fashionable to say Kobe is nice..its makes for a better narrative to say Kobe is selfish. ",
"Debunking untruths isn’t the same thing as a full on defense.",
"\n\n“Until I started researching this column, I believed that Love had to be overrated because of his 0-0 playoff record. ",
"And actually, he’s underrated. ",
"Everything he accomplished on that forgettably broken Minnesota team was BETTER than I thought.”",
"\n\nThere is only one thing to be resolved by the present Lakers. ",
"For them to move forward, they have to jell as a team whether his name is Kobe, a Boozer, the 7th pick draft or the Showtime Coach. ",
"Well, they are all under the radar to perform better than previous coaches Brown or Dantoni. ",
"Therefore having said that, Kobe has no alternative but to cooperate with what the Coach designs him to play, play along that it is the last two years of his career make it something worthwhile. ",
"He can’t afford to have another drama or ego boosting because this team is only 8th seed category. ",
"They have to prove that they are better than 8th seed, therefore work as a team, avoid pitfalls of becoming another lottery team by June 2015. ",
"As a longtimed Laker fan, it is painful to watch when your team is fighting for last place in order to get the best pick. ",
"One thing I like on what Scott said – Lakers will play defense in 2014 Season. ",
"It means nobody can afford to be lazy dozy waiting for the ball to come to them, they have to work hard in getting that ball, prevent the other team from scoring, it is a common sense basketball. ",
"The preseason will tell us more of what we expect from our Lakers of how good or how bad they are compared with a small sample of teams?",
"\n\nJoe Houston…\nFeeling you on the Kobe thing. ",
"The “Kobe is selfish” media spin is old, tired and lazy.",
"\n\nOne thing I haven’t heard too much is that when Kobe plays this year, it should be with a renewed passion and hunger after losing so much time to injury. ",
"The man needs basketball. ",
"It’s his profession and passion. ",
"I think we ‘re going to see a very focused and determined Mamba. ",
"Last year was a nightmare for him from a team and an individual point of view. ",
"I look for Kobe to have a very good year.",
"\n\nI am a realistic Lakers fan who will tune in to see how the Lakers will handle Kobe’s aging, return from two major injuries and incorporation of new pieces.",
"\nSo Byron Scott does have a big task in front of him.",
"\n\nI will do a brief comment on the perception that Jeremy Lin is turnover prone because he was turnover prone during his Linsanity days, otherwise known as his first meaningful season where he actually got to play in the big league level. ",
"I don’t think the turnover prone moniker is entirely accurate. ",
"If I ask you who had the most turnovers last year, would you know who that is? ",
"Would you call him turnover prone? ",
"Per Basketball-reference.com, the league leader for turnovers per game was Steph Curry with 3.8. (",
"Kobe is actually the highest at 5.7, but since he only played 6 games, I didn’t count him).",
"\nTied for first is Russell Westbrook.",
"\nThird is James Harden.",
"\n\nPer 36 minutes Westbrook, Farmar and Curry all had higher turnover rates than Lin. ",
"Same for per 100 possessions.",
"\n\nNot saying Jeremy is the next big thing but I think the evaluation from his insanity days, where he was 3.6 TO per game, 4.8 per 36, and almost 7 per 100 possessions continues to follow him even though he is not the league leader in turnovers anymore and is actually not too bad.",
"\n\nAlso, I don’t know if there are more in depth stats with regards to usage v. turnover rate. (",
"His Turnover %, the estimate of turnovers per 100 plays, is at 18.4. ",
"Rondo was at 20.7, Rubio 21.7. ",
"But this doesn’t put into account how the roles are (rondo and rubio had the ball a lot, but lin had to play a lot more off the ball. ",
"So I would like to see if Lin is actually turnover prone this year if he actually gets to run the offense. ",
"This will be his 4th season in the league as an actual rotation player, so that should be a good barometer on his skill as a point/ball handler.",
"\n\nSomething that has been pointed out on Lins turnovers- and even Mda commented on this in new York – is that a majority of lins turnovers – not unlike nashes or Stephen curry’s are the result of trying to do something or forcing the action deep in the front court – which was something mda could live with because at least lin was playing hard and trying to create for other teammates etc… vs being passive and throwing the ball away mindlessly. ",
"he tries to do too much sometimes. ",
"But that’s something a coach can live with for the most part. ",
"Plus if a guy historically has a high per game turnover rate due to the amount of time he handles ( ala nash) but his teams rate is a decent # then you can live w that as well.",
"\n\nFunnily enough defensively Lin should be mirroring and learning from Nash as well. ",
"While their individual defence is subject to scrutiny – nash was a pretty decent team defender during his prime years in phx – he didn’t have the lateral speed to keep guys in front etc… and needed help on certain match ups, but his positioning, angling players, court awareness, made him much more effective in a team defensive scheme. ",
"Nash was also among the league leaders in those years in drawing charges (not flopping) which basically is the equivalent to creating a turnover plus getting that bonus foul. ",
"What helped nash is that he had good defensive teammates in raja Bell and Marion beside to help him – unfortunately for lin I don’t see anyone on this roster that is going to be able to provide any legit measure of help and recover defense and kobe is one of the worst offenders for getting on guys even though he left them out on an island by not coming over to help.",
"\n\nIMO, we are not going to move forward very far with any of the ‘old’ stars people are pushing for acquiring – i.e. Rondo. ",
"I suspect the Lakers will move forward with the idea of developing rotation players from young, previously misused talent. ",
"We would like to sign a star, but probably not go the multiple max players pattern used by Miami in 2010. ",
"The CBA really changed how you can build a club and, unless there are major changes in 2017, I don’t think many clubs will be in a position to follow Cleveland’s example. ",
"The best player in the league, with 3 #1s to stock the club and trade, is not a likely scenario for anyone.",
"\n\nI will be interested watching the Cavs, because I don’t know if they will have enough defense to fend off the best clubs in a 7-game series. ",
"However, James-Love-Irving is a potent combination.",
"\n\nCleveland is obviously a highly unusual situation, and one of the many things that NBA history demonstrates clearly is that there is a strong element of luck, along with smarts, involved in building a champion, or a contender, with Cleveland being the latest example–and a very extreme one at that, since that franchise has not been managed well. ",
"The CBA will not change the value of luck, nor will it change the value of having a Top 5 player and other high-level players around him. ",
"Also, many of the top contenders have two max or near-max guys:\n\nCleveland\nOklahoma City\nHouston\nClippers\n\nSan Antonio doesn’t, but they are unique. ",
"Portland doesn’t–yet–but they will have to pay Lillard and Aldridge. ",
"Golden State would have if they had been able to get Love. ",
"Chicago’s second-highest paid guy is Noah, but they are also still paying Boozer even though he is off the cap and they spent a lot of money this off-season, spreading it around. ",
"And, of course, they missed on James in 2010 and now Love in 2014 and may never get over the top.",
"\n\nThe Lakers, of course, are saddled at the moment with a combination of bad luck and questionable decision-making. ",
"But the problem with saying that the Lakers will probably not be able to sign a star is that the FO’s entire post-Veto/Howard plan, partly by necessity, revolves around acquiring a franchise player in free agency. ",
"The FO underscored this by waiting several days to hear from Carmelo Anthony, but never making an offer to Monroe, Bledsoe, or (maybe) Stephenson, (and Stephenson signed a reasonable deal) and, other than the Nick Young deal, focused once again on short-term deals with an eye towards “financial flexibility.” ",
"And the team is clearly not trying to keep the pick this year and expects to be better than bottom 5.",
"\n\nAs to the idea of building through rotation players, Robert has addressed some of that. ",
"But for the most part, rotation players come and go, although they are not all alike or equal in value.",
"\n\nrr,\nYou are correct, but I was addressing the situation where people expect us to sign two max players and quickly reach where Cleveland appears to be today. ",
"This is not a reasonable expectation, IMO.",
"\n\nYou are correct, rotation players come and go, but we can find some ‘rotation gems’ and try to keep them – we do need a stable bench to support any stars we might sign/develop.",
"\n\nI think we both agree that this is not a quick fix situation and the Lakers have to not only move forward, but keep enough flexibility to jump on any trade situation or gain benefit from free agent movement. ",
"We are in the throes of a process, not a miracle.",
"\n\nB. Scott was the best head coaching decision that the organization realistically had available to it. ",
"There is still much to be done to get the Lakers back to where they used to be – and not too many of the elite players, coaches, or front office personnel are looking to call the LA Lakers their home.",
"\n\nBecause of the max contract the best way to build a championship team is by signing three star players to max contracts. ",
"That’s the best bang for the buck. ",
"The players were the most being paid the least are superstars on max contracts. ",
"The best way to lure those type of players is what Cle had going for them… A young team stacked with high picks on rookie deals. ",
"The Lakers will eventually have that unless they make bad signings on above average players that blows up their cap space.",
"\n\nCleveland has not won anything yet with their soon to be 3 superstars. ",
"The NBA finals have been ruled by a very select royalty the past few years and none have had 3 players on max contracts. ",
"It is doubtful Miami will make it next season but the Spurs have the inside track in the west depending on the health of their “old 3″. They are clearly not building on 3 max contracts.",
"\n\nScott needs to follow up on all this goodwill from the Lakers alums and build his coaching staff. ",
"He is known for being a workout warrior but not for his offensive or defensive schemes. ",
"His assistants will be critical for determining how well this hodgepodge of players can be assembled into a team.",
"\n\nThere is talk that the NBA would VETO the K-Love trade if they already agreed on an extension, oh my freaking God the irony would be so overwhelming that my brain would shut down and left me catatonic.",
"\n\nIf they vetoed that trade it would be bizarre.",
"\nThe teams should never have let a possible extension leak if they knew it was impermissible.",
"\nI would blame –\nthe teams for being stupid and leaking it,\nthe media for blasting it all over in spite of the ramifications,\nand the league for being so petty.",
"\ni feel everyone wants to see Love go there, so it’s good for the league.",
"\nHandshake agreements must be common so why make a fuss about it?",
"\nMaybe A. Silver will ban Dan Gilbert for life!",
"\n\nKo I know how much you loved Marshall\nRondo is a really good player and a champion too.",
"\nI’d like to see him in FB&G.\n\nThe league knows more about basketball than Dan Gilbertt. ",
"They know Wiggins next year might already be a better player than Kevin Love. ",
"Ya know,.. When you take into account defense (otherwise known as half the game). ",
"The NBA wants Lebron to win. ",
"He is the greatest player of all time. ",
"At a time the NBA is the most popular around the world and in the states. ",
"I wouldn’t be too surprised if they wiped this trade clean. ",
"I would be surprised. ",
"But not too surprised. ",
"Wiggins and LBJ together for the next five years is going to be Pippen/Jordan\n\nAaron, it would not surprise me in the least if the league wants Lebron to win.",
"\nBut vetoing a trade of Wiggins for a proven player, Love, hardly assures that.",
"\nIt’s quite possible that Wiggins may become a star at some point.",
"\nIt may take some time, if it happens at all.",
"\nThe last veto (CP3) was in part based on the NBA’s interim control over the NO franchise, a factor that is not present here.",
"\nAll Cleveland has to say is that an extension was discussed with Love’s agent, but not finalized, which would be true. ",
"I doubt there is anything in writing yet.",
"\nif phone conversations were recorded that might hold up, but I doubt the league perceives any advantage to the NBA, to Cleveland, or to Lebron in vetoing a trade that all parties desire.",
"\n\nLbj “greatest of all time”??? ",
"Calm down man, he hasn’t even cracked the top 5 yet. ",
"You need to stay off ESPN!! ",
"Only bball guy on there who knows even a bit is kevin pelton who says Kevin love is top 5 player currently and his D is much better than people give him credit for.",
"\n\nAaron, I don’t know which is more absurd: your inside information that LBJ and Melo to the lakers was a done deal or your new supposition that the league might deny the cavs the ability to bring in the superstar they (and lebron) want because the league wants Cleveland to win and has determined that the cavs would be more likely to win without the trade. ",
"This is some real twilight zone stuff here.",
"\n\n“The NBA wants Lebron to win. ",
"He is the greatest player of all time. ",
"At a time the NBA is the most popular around the world and in the states.”",
"\n\nNBA is definitely not the most popular worldwide and isn’t even close to being the most popular sport here in the US. ",
"The NFL has had a lock on that title for like 20 years at least. ",
"Lebron is the best athlete that I’ve seen in the NBA, but he’s not the GOAT yet. ",
"He may crack the top 5 when it’s all said and done -> and if he wins enough chips then he could be in the conversation, but he can’t touch Jordan or Kareem right now. ",
"And, if his career ended today, he wouldn’t rank above Kobe to be honest.",
"\n\nAaron’s latest isn’t worth picking apart. ",
"And the primary post lost me when with, “Even Steve Nash, should he be healthy enough to….”",
"\n\nA) Make some more videos for ESPN about how much he wishes he could still play\nB) Reminisce about doing the “ol’ pick-n-roll” with a Spice Girl back in the day\nC) Polishing the two MVP awards that really belong to Kobe\nD) Skateboard over to the bank and deposit a fat check\nE) All of the above\n\nGuys, when I complained to the NBA about the VETO (yes, I was one of those who sent an email asking for further clarifications) they replied saying that it wasn’t a veto. ",
"Basically, the team owner didn’t allow the GM to go through with the trade because they weren’t getting a good enough package. ",
"Exactly the situation that Phil predicted that would happen.",
"\n\nThis Love/Wiggins deal falls in a different category as it will only be blocked if someone is bending the rules. ",
"The trade itself is not unfair and the league won’t impose their will on two owners… Just remember the words of Mr. Wolf and wait for the trade.",
"\n\nIs LBJ the best player of all time? ",
"As I’ve discussed before the difference between he and MJ is this… LBJ can’t shoot from three and he can guard PFs (one more position than MJ). ",
"That’s what separates LBJ and Jordan.",
"\n\nAs far as the state of the NBA… It’s better than it’s ever been. ",
"Just follow the money. ",
"Forget the United States even… The NBA and basketball has become the second biggest sport in the world behind football (soccer).",
"\n\nGet real son! ",
"LeBron is not the greatest player of all time and not even top 5. ",
"Don’t let the hype carry you away. ",
"I have had this debate with many people and Kareem is the GOAT plain and simple. ",
"Only lost 1 game in high school, only two in college and had 6 rings with 10 trips to the NBA finals. ",
"I have seen them all and LeBron is not there yet but it could certainly change with time.",
"\n\n@Joe Houston\n\nErr…No, Kevin Love is not Abdur Rahim. ",
"Kevin Love is a big time player plain and simple. ",
"He game is just all-round better than Abdur Rahim’s ever was. ",
"Kevin Love is an All-Star caliber player and will be one for years to come. ",
"A dub dub machine who excels at scoring, rebounding and passing. ",
"His Basketball IQ is off the charts and do not forget his father played in the league so he has insight most in the league do not have. ",
"Wish he was Laker and trust me you do too. ",
"It is almost the same situation as when Pau came to play with Kobe and the Lakers with him going to the Cavs. ",
"They should win it all if the coaching is up to par…hope so.",
"\n\nI do not remember who said that Wiggins will be better than Love next year but that is just absurd. ",
"Wiggins does not impress and I saw him a lot last year. ",
"I live in Big 12 country and he cannot shoot plain and simple. ",
"I would sag off him all day and make him prove it to me. ",
"The potential is there but he has work to do…maybe a few years from now that will be a valid statement.",
"\n\nOf the major American sports leagues the NBA is the most popular globally. ",
"Yes, the NFL is the domestic king. ",
"But the NBA rules outside of the States. ",
"That is especially true in China. ",
"Not that this really matters to the Cleveland Cavaliers situation. ",
"Fans both in and outside of the U.S. will watch LeBron James no matter what team he plays for.",
"\n\nLebron the GOAT????….Well….He is a real complete player. ",
"He is only one, but is not too close of MJ…MJ are mistyque, legend, shoots to win games finals, his sky walker, fade away, super defense, dunk´s, contorsions, passing, the most highest P.E.R. in the NBA history. ",
"his finals record 6-0 , 2 times 3 titlles in a row, SUPREMACY IN THE CRUNCH TIME.. The Kids don´t see play Michael please enter in youtube and watch a complete games of Chicago Bull and later talk about GOAT.",
"\n\n@ T Rogers-\nYour statement is correct, but that is not the statement that was made. ",
"Aaron’s statement was patently false.",
"\n\n“At a time the NBA is the most popular around the world and in the states.”",
"\n\nThe NBA is, at best, second place to soccer around the world and, again at best, second to the NFL here in the states. ",
"Is it ahead of the NCAA football? ",
"Not sure there.",
"\n\n@Aaron\nYou’re right that Lebron shoots a better 3 than Jordan, but can you really say that, right now, you would take a prime Lebron over a prime Jordan on your team? ",
"I still like MJ and -> I love KAJ over both of them.",
"\n\nI like fast paced offenses but I’m not sure thats a great idea for the Lakers. ",
"One of the issues when you run a fast break offense is you have to be able to get back on defense. ",
"As the Lakers stand I don’t see them being a great defensive team which might not lead to great results if they aren’t at least in position to get back. ",
"For me its not a Kobe centric policy to slow it down but, just looking at the defensive side of the court I’m not sure it would work well for them.",
"\n\nHope to catch up on the boards been dealing with issues after buying a new home. ",
">_<\n\nAaron: Lebron can guard a power forwards…..Lebron can guard today weak power forwards…he can guard Zach Randolph? ",
"no. ",
"he can guard blake griffin? ",
"no.. he can guard Lamarcus Aldrigue? ",
"no… he can guard Nowitzki? ",
"remember the finals…\nhe can guard Kevin Love? ",
"sure, he can guard Carlos Boozer? ",
"sure.. he can guard old garnett? ",
"sure, Lebron can guard forwards of the jordan era (90s) ?: ",
"Kemp, Malone, Barkley, Charles Okley, Anthony Mason… are you kidding me? ",
"Jordan donsent need guard power forwards because he play with a great defensive p forwards, Horece Grant and Dennis Rodman (Rodman can guard magic johnson, Bird, Barkley, Shaq, and even great defense over Jordan) Rodman realy is the most versatil defense player in the history.",
"\n\nKenOak,\nI wasn’t comparing the NBA to other sports. ",
"I was comparing the state of the NBA today to years past. ",
"The league is in the height of its popularity at home and abroad\n\nRe LBJ v MJ\nMost of the former greats just weren’t as good as today’s athletes as humanity evolves. ",
"In sports like track and field this is easily proved. ",
"The best sprinters from thirty years ago couldn’t even compete today. ",
"But we have sprint times to prove it. ",
"In other sports you can’t grade the compitition. ",
"Kareem was great in his time and place. ",
"But he weighed less than LBJ. ",
"From the eye test MJ looks as if he would still be almost as great today. ",
"But we know he wouldn’t be as good. ",
"Athletes are bigger faster and stronger. ",
"So the fact his PER was the same LBJs from ages 21 to 30 to me gives LBJ the slight edge there. ",
"And like I said his ability to shoot and guard an extra position puts LeBron over the top for me. ",
"But it’s def very close.",
"\n\nWilt was stronger than anyone in the league today. ",
"so was Darryl Dawkins. ",
"so were many others.",
"\n\neven if you believe in evolution of the species, it doesn’t happen in 40 years. ",
"players today may be stronger on the average, but strong people are no stronger than they ever were. ",
"LBJ is just the best player at this time. ",
"he would get absolutely destroyed by Kareem, except if isolated on the perimeter one on one on offense.",
"\n\nI think a fairer comparison for LBJ right now is with Larry Bird. ",
"If you look at their historical records, you see quite a similarity (up to now). ",
"While James has him beat with Point Per Game and defensive awards, Bird clearly tops rebounds and free throw efficiency. ",
"Both post similar numbers regarding shooting percentage. ",
"While you might envision James being able to score at will against Bird, Bird had an extremely high BB-IQ and could get high shot off from anywhere (remember the “Fall-away”).",
"\n\nI will take Prime Kobe over any player that ever lived. ",
"Get out of here with Lebron is the greatest player of all time. ",
"Mist physically gifted yes but not best player. ",
"Skill wise he isn’t in the same stratosphere as Kobe and MJ. ",
"Will wise the man runs when things get tough. ",
"Lebron is an all time great however I will take Kobe and MJ over him any day. ",
"Lebron benefits from playing in the Weakest Eastern Conference ever. ",
"If he played in the West he would have wilted under the pressure of constant competition. ",
"There is a reason Kevin Love never made the playoffs in the West; Western Conf ain’t no joke.",
"\n\nAgreed Larry over LBJ … for now. ",
"Like I said LeBron has the luxury of time on his side. ",
"Let us see what he does with it. ",
"LeBron is really Magic 2.0 and while LeBron is more athletic than Magic he certainly is not a better basketball player than Earvin Johnson was.",
"\n\nAs far as athletes go most people would say that MJ was the best ever in the NBA but that would be those who did not see Wilt. ",
"Wilt was the greatest athlete to ever play in the NBA to date. ",
"He was a phenom on and off the court. ",
"Besides his basketball prowess. ",
"Wilt held and still holds many athletic records at Kansas. ",
"He was one of the strongest humans to ever walk the planet. ",
"He would hold off other 7-footers with one arm and grab rebounds one-handed with these huge mitts of his. ",
"Ahh, the days of Jack Kent Cooke and the Fabulous Forum baby!",
"\n\n@ Joe Houston, “I will take Prime Kobe over any player that ever lived.” ",
"Sounds like Kobe is your favorite player, so I understand your statement. ",
"Kareem’s my favorite, and I would take Prime Kareem “over any player that ever lived”. ",
"Would I be wrong to assume you’re under 40?",
"\n\nInteresting comments. ",
"I’d take LeBron over anyone other than a prime Kareem Abdul Jabbar. ",
"To me Kareem is the greatest basketball player of all time. ",
"But that’s another conversation. ",
"If I’m picking a wing I’m picking James. ",
"But to each his/her own.",
"\n\nAgree completely with T. Rogers. ",
"I’m 41, grew up with the spoon-fed “Jordan is God” garbage NBC and Nike, ESPN and whomever else wanted to pump down people’s throats. ",
"And I saw through it even then.",
"\n\nHe wasn’t my favorite player as a kid, but even then it was apparent: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar is the greatest basketball player who ever lived.",
"\n\nBill Simmons did make a great point about LeBron, however… it was basically if you could clone any player, ever, to create teams with five of the same guys, there’s no one player in history that could beat a team of five LeBrons. ",
"Given his strength and versatility, that’s an interesting (albeit academic) argument to make.",
"\n\nI’d love to watch five LeBrons and five Magics go head to head — that would be epic. ",
"Someone, please make that a video game…\n\n@Chris J\nIn that scenario I would take 5 Magic Johnsons. ",
"He has a post game and was the original “play all 5 positions guy” as he did in his rookie year…winning an NBA championship and MVP. ",
"He, like Lebron, liked passing more than shooting, but when it was winning time he wanted the ball in his hands. ",
"That’s what LBJ seems to lack. ",
"In this years finals LBJ played well and gave a valiant effort, but Kobe or Jordan would have gone down shooting the rock every single time down the court if their teammates weren’t stepping up. ",
"Give me that.",
"\n\nHaving said that..that’s a silly scenario to even talk about because I’ll give you your 5 Lebrons and play you with my Magic/Kareem/Worthy/Scott/Green. ",
"I like my chances.",
"\n\nLet’s remember that Kobe was part of five championship teams that had to get through a stacked Western Conference each of those times just to get to the finals. ",
"He also helped beat the Celtics with just one other potential Hall of Famer on the team and almost beat the Suns in a series single handedly playing along side the likes of Smush Parker and Kwame Brown. ",
"Can’t say that LBJ has done anything close to this.",
"\n\nGenetic evolution doesmt happen year to year… But evolution of athletes does because of drugs, training techniques, and normal breeding patterns. ",
"Plus the talent pool grows along with the population. ",
"Look at the average height of people in America in 1912 (5-8) compared to 2012 (5-10). ",
"A change of 1 1/2 inches total. ",
"Take a look at sprinter speed times linked below… These are just the things easily measured. ",
"Easily proven. ",
"I know it sucks for those trying to glamorize the past… But you still can. ",
"Just compare the former greats to who they were competing against. ",
"Bill Russell was a great defensive Center. ",
"Now he would be a great defensive SF (if he could move his feet on the perimiter).",
"\n\nAnd I won’t get into discussions comparing Kobe to LeBron. ",
"The only player you can compare LeBron to is Jordan. ",
"Well… In reality the only player you can compare LeBron to is a combination of Karl Malone’s body, Michael Jordan’s athleticism, and Larry Birds floor game/brain.",
"\n\nRussell went against other 7 footers besides Wilt. ",
"he’d still be a center today and he’d still be great. ",
"he’d benefit from modern training and show you the difference between hard workers and kinda hard workers.",
"\n\nTo put it simply, I’d rather go to war with Larry than with Lebron, and to me that’s what it’s about when you’re talking championships. ",
"That’s how I judge greatness, at least. ",
"So I’ll fight alongside MJ, Magic, Bird, and Russel before fighting alongside Lebron. ",
"Im not saying Lebron cant get there. ",
"All Im saying is that he’s not there yet. ",
"He’s got the game, but he doesnt have the heart that those four have.",
"\n\nToday’s athletes in the NBA may jump a little higher and have more upper body strength due to the prevalence of weight training than did their predecessors in previous generations. ",
"But don’t ever fool yourself to believe that guys like Sam Jones, Havlicek, West, Baylor or Bill Russell were not great athletes as well as great basketball players. ",
"Even a player like Earl Monroe who couldn’t jump over a thick book was a tremendously tricky, and elusive offensive player. ",
"Wilt was one of the greatest athletes that ever lived. ",
"During his dominant years of scoring, he scored many of his points off the fast break by beating his opposing center down court. ",
"The man could flat out run. ",
"How much do you think a man like Wilt would have benefitted from the improved training methods and coaching techniques of today? ",
"Imagine Wilt with a turn around jumper or being able to deliver a right or left handed jump hook. ",
"In his time, most big men didn’t utilize a lot of moves away from the basket. ",
"Imagine Wilt, with all that athleticism, with an even more developed skill package. ",
"Scary.",
"\n\nLeBrawn is a great player, but he falls way short of GOAT in my book. ",
"Maybe the biggest reason is that as KenOak reminds us, he doesn’t go down swinging on the biggest stage. ",
"In the recent Finals, there was a game where he scored in the 30’s on a great percentage and was deified as the only Heat player who stepped up by most talking heads. ",
"My reaction… He should have shot more. ",
"Kobe and MJ would have shot the ball til their arms fell off. ",
"Part of being the greatest is knowing when to be selfish and to score the ball when nobody on your team is scoring.",
"\n\nMy GOAT is Kareem. ",
"Longevity, toughness, unstoppability. ",
"And a 5 time Laker champion to boot. ",
"That works for me.",
"\n\nI don’t know who i would go to war with… But Larry looks more like a soldier. ",
"So probably Larry. ",
"But as far as basketball it’s not close. ",
"Larry was a product of his race. ",
"He was a good player but not even close to a top twenty basketball player of all time. ",
"He couldn’t play defense. ",
"That’s freaking half the game. ",
"I won’t talk about all time greats who couldn’t play defense. ",
"That’s why I don’t talk about Magic (who was a much better offensive player than Bird).",
"\n\nDon’t care about Bird’s race one bit…this is about basketball. ",
"And Larry Bird & Magic Johnson are tied as the second greatest players in my book were simply great. ",
"While neither were great one on one defenders they were excellent team defenders. ",
"Magic was a great communicator and great rebounder on the defensive end. ",
"Bird was really saavy and had great anticipation and a pretty good rebounder also on the defensive end.",
"\n\nAs far as that race crap goes tell that to Bobby “Clyde” Jones or David Albert DeBusschere. ",
"They could cover anybody buddy!",
"\n\nI guess you guys don’t understand what being a product of your race means. ",
"It means if Larry wasn’t a white guy he would just be known as another good NBA player.",
"\n\nAnd Mychael Thompson is Magic Johnson’s biggest fan. ",
"He said Magic was an awful defender and when Mark Willard said “but he was a good team defender right?” ",
"Thompson replied “ummm yea… He would just waive over to guys who could actually play defense to cover his man once they blew past them”\n\nYour logic is baffling at best…Bird was great no matter what color he was. ",
"Anyone who could shoot, pass and rebound like he could would have been. ",
"Race is not a factor period!",
"\n\nRegarding the great Magic Johnson I suggest you go review the tapes because I do not remember many people blowing by Magic. ",
"Could he cover blazing fast guys no but the Lakers did not assign him those matchups. ",
"He covered alot of 2’s and 3’s and some 4’s. ",
"His value in on the defensive side was again his communication because he knew were everyone was supposed to be and made sure the defense was set accordingly.",
"\n\nThere is a an IQ problem with some people on this site which is why I usually don’t interact with many here. ",
"Nobody said Larry Bird was bad because he was white. ",
"I said because he is white all the white people in the USA thought he was better than he was.",
"\n\nAnd Magic was an awful defender says him and all his teammates. ",
"I’ll take his word and my eyes for it.",
"\n\nI see what you’re saying, but I think you’re mistaken. ",
"If that were true then there would be more than just one Larry (or good white players who are overhyped). ",
"Thats not the case, which points to just how good he was. ",
"And if he’d been black he would still be better than Dr.J and Olajuwon to name just a couple of players, and they weren’t just good nba players. ",
"They were damn good. ",
"Larry could ball.",
"\n\nI respect your posts my man and thank you for clarifying it for me. ",
"I see what you mean now and yes there was some of that but that was the NBA marketing machine more than anything. ",
"Heck they had to pump up Bird & Magic because the league was hurting. ",
"Before those 2 came along it was late night tape delay after the local late night news. ",
"They truly saved the league! ",
"If they ever change the “Logo” and I hope not. ",
"But if they do it should be those two squared off somehow.",
"\n\nHowever, regarding Magic we agree to disagree. ",
"And Magic always says how bad he was at everything and how all these guys were and are better than him. ",
"He is a somewhat humble guy and is always self-effacing about his skills. ",
"So, yes he was an average “one on one defender” but a good team defender. ",
"Again you cannot underestimate the communication and the rebounding which was perfect for the Lakers because when he rebounded the ball the Lakers transitioned from defense to offense instantly. ",
"I still remember him rebounding and yelling “Let’s Go!” ",
"and the team knew to get in those fast break lanes…an awesome sight to behold.",
"\n\nThanks for the marvelous posting! ",
"I certainly enjoyed reading it, you can be a great author.",
"I will make\ncertain to bookmark your blog and definitely will come\nback at some point. ",
"I want to encourage that you continue\nyour great posts, have a nice evening!"
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[
"Tag Archives: Black History Month\n\nFebruary, 2018\n\nMaddie Conley Online Editor How do we reconcile the contrasting realities of two holidays occurring in and defining the same month? ",
"February brings Valentine’s Day as well as Black History Month. ",
"One holiday is riddled with love and warm feelings, the other recognizes a struggle against hate. ",
"The themes of …\n\nFebruary, 2017\n\nWillie Hope Sports & Rec Editor Not to be confused with the #WeMatterMessiah movement, the Black Student Union put on a two-night event this past weekend to celebrate Black History Month. ",
"Thursday included a Career and Professional Development seminar for students of color, and on Friday night students were able …\n\nFebruary, 2016\n\nSharlene Oong Student Writer Behind every generation lies rich stories that are yet to be told. ",
"February is Black History Month—a time when individuals can sit and listen to the stories of the past. “",
"Black History month is a special time where we as a nation get to reflect on …"
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[
"Q:\n\nUsing spl_autoload without use keyword on every page?",
"\n\nWe have recently been rewriting our PHP application's model code using OO. ",
"We have the classes done, and we included namespacing (in the form of Project\\Level1\\Level2 or whatever). ",
"Since this is an already-built application, there are a lot of classes. ",
"We are using an autoloader, for ease of loading the classes, which is great. ",
"But here's where the hassle comes in.",
"\nWe have probably 300 pages strewn all across the application, and all of them require a PHP file at the very beginning (a sort of bootstrap script). ",
"The autoloader script is required in that bootstrap file.",
"\nNow, most of our pages will be using at least one but likely many of the classes. ",
"We know that we have two options here:\n//either call the classes using qualified names\n$person = new Project\\Person;\n\n//or include the \"use\" keyword on every page, so we can alias the classes for ease of use\nuse Project\\Person as Person;\n$person = new Person;\n\nBut the hassle is that we would really rather not have to do this on every single page in our application:\nrequire_once('../php/bootstrap.php');\nuse Project\\Person\\ as Person,\n Project\\Address\\ as Address,\n Project\\Group\\ as Group\n Project\\CustomField\\ as CustomField;\n$person = new Person;\n$address = new Address;\n\nWe tried, for the heck of it, including the use keyword for all our classes in the bootstrap file, but according to the PHP manual, \"Importing rules are per file basis, meaning included files will NOT inherit the parent file's importing rules.\"",
"\nIt just seems like including these sprawling use statements on every page of our application is creating more hassle than it's worth. ",
"And what if we are using 15 classes on one page? ",
"Then the use statement would be huge.",
"\nMy question is this: is it too much hassle? ",
"Are we correct in using namespaces, or is it not all that helpful in PHP? ",
"And now knowing what we are trying to do, are we doing it right? ",
"Is there something we are missing? ",
"Should we be calling classes with fully qualified names all the time or something?",
"\n(this is my first question on stackoverflow, so please let me know if I need to do anything differently or better with my questions in the future)\n\nA:\n\nWhile using vanilla Zend Framework Autoloader might not be they way you want to go, the Zend Loader does support custom autoloaders, that can respect namespaces specified in-line or dynamically at run-time. ",
"In your case, you are using use Project\\Person\\ as Person which can become cumbersome, as you already noticed.",
"\nUsing namespaces with the autoloader will allow you to take advantage of auto loading using simple path traversal to organize classes, without having to append large paths just to get to the interesting parts.",
"\nSo, instead of new Corp_Assets_Generic_Person_Address, you could keep the folder structure and use new Namespace_Person_Address.",
"\nNamespaces avoid clashes in class names. ",
"Specially in large applications implementing autoloaders that need to load the right class from a number of different libraries. ",
"Using shorter class names makes the code easier to read but may make it harder to maintain. ",
"Adding the use statements makes it easier to read and later maintain but then it would be cumbersome to write and refactor. ",
"Documenting the expected behavior of the autoloader and using custom autoloaders to make more readable class names would be my suggestion.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Also in Memorial Drive\n\nVenue Hire\n\nLimited Access to Tennis SA Courts\n\nThe Memorial Drive Redevelopment (Stage 1) has now commenced. ",
"The redevelopment is expected to conclude in December 2018.",
"\n\nAs part of this project, access to tennis courts will be limited throughout the project and the hire of the courts will be restricted to Tennis SA, Memorial Drive Tennis Club and Next Gen club members during specified and limited times only.",
"\n\nUnfortunately there is no public or general access to the courts during the project. ",
"Tennis SA will not accept any bookings or allow access through our office, online booking system or staff. ",
"All bookings are to be made by either Tennis SA, Memorial Drive Tennis Club and Next Gen club members exclusively through the Next Gen reception or Next Gen online booking system."
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[
"WASHINGTON — After promising an era of responsible governing and an end to federal shutdowns, congressional Republicans find themselves mired in an immigration fight that could cause funding for the Department of Homeland Security to run out on Friday.",
"\n\nIt is a risky moment for the new congressional majority. ",
"A nasty partisan impasse over funding for a vital agency would probably damage the party’s brand just months after Republicans took power, and the impact could carry over into the next election cycle.",
"\n\n“I don’t think shutdowns and showdowns are the way to win the presidency in 2016,” said Representative Tom Cole, an Oklahoma Republican and a respected party strategist.",
"\n\nHe and many other lawmakers believe a last-minute resolution is possible, particularly given new terrorism threats, including one against the Mall of America in Minnesota. ",
"And Senator Mitch McConnell, the Kentucky Republican and majority leader, took the first steps toward trying to break the impasse on Monday night by proposing a measure that would allow the Senate to register its disapproval by blocking the president’s 2014 actions on immigration in one bill, while approving the security money in another."
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[
"Our previous study indicates an increased permeability of the pulmonary and cardiac capillaries after circumflex artery ligation in anesthetized dogs. ",
"In the proposed research, we will investigate the mechanism of the increase and quantitate the extravascular water of lungs, heart, liver and skeletal muscle after four hours of acute myocardial ischemia. ",
"We will collect cardiac and pulmonary lymph. ",
"We will determine the volume flow rate, protein concentration and albumin and globulin fractions of lymph and plasma in groups of dogs: (a) non-ligated control dogs, (b) four hours of circumflex artery ligation, (c) circumflex artery ligation plus moderately inreased left atrial pressure. ",
"An increase in cardiac or pulmonary lymph flow rate and an increase in protein concentration of lymph will indicate an increase in microvascular permeability in animals after coronary artery ligation. ",
"Moreover, an increased albumin and globulin lymph: plasma ratio would indicate decreased sieving of large molecules after ligation. ",
"Continuous monitoring of pulmonary arterial, left atrial and aortic pressures, and periodic determination of pulmonary microvascular pressure and cardiac output will permit us to assess hemodynamic factors contributing to increased extravascular water content in acute myocardial ischemia. ",
"In this regard, our model of circumflex artery ligation produces no significant changes in steady-state vascular pressures. ",
"Thus, our studies will incorporate controlled increases in left atrial pressure. ",
"Results of these studies will quantitate changes in the extravascular water content of normal and ischemic tissue and provide information concerning the mechanism of edema formation in uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction and in myocardial ischemia with increased left atrial pressure."
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[
"Calanna\n\nCalanna () is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about southwest of Catanzaro and about northeast of Reggio Calabria. ",
" \n\nCalanna borders the following municipalities: Fiumara, Laganadi, Reggio Calabria, San Roberto.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Cities and towns in Calabria"
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[
"or 2*k**3 + 790*k**2 + 17968*k + 59360.",
"\n2*(k + 4)*(k + 20)*(k + 371)\nLet -75*u**2/4 - 53874*u - 490941/4 = 0. ",
"What is u?",
"\n-2871, -57/25\nSuppose 5*g**5 - 38490*g**4 - 85921455*g**3 - 42694210300*g**2 - 85130810220*g - 42522482880 = 0. ",
"Calculate g.\n-942, -1, 9584\nFactor 2*q**2/9 - 8794390*q/9 + 167092688/9.",
"\n2*(q - 4397176)*(q - 19)/9\nSuppose 5*k**2 - 1830821810*k + 167595424998583805 = 0. ",
"What is k?",
"\n183082181\nDetermine b, given that 767465*b**5 - 767455*b**4 - 9209590*b**3 - 120*b**2 = 0.",
"\n-3, -2/153493, 0, 4\nSolve 668*d**3/7 + 151644*d**2/7 - 1254024*d/7 - 15040/7 = 0.",
"\n-235, -2/167, 8\nFactor -33*g**2 + 2121360*g - 3471228.",
"\n-3*(g - 64282)*(11*g - 18)\nFactor -2*k**2 + 46240244*k - 267270020647442.",
"\n-2*(k - 11560061)**2\nDetermine b, given that -2*b**2/9 - 9550*b/9 + 7132196/3 = 0.",
"\n-6437, 1662\nWhat is p in -p**3/4 + 118067*p**2/4 - 871282804*p + 2613582768 = 0?",
"\n3, 59032\nSuppose v**4 - 11507*v**3 + 11501*v**2 + 57527*v + 34518 = 0. ",
"Calculate v.\n-1, 3, 11506\nLet -46*r**4/7 + 256*r**3/7 + 11176*r**2/7 + 40160*r/7 + 38400/7 = 0. ",
"Calculate r.\n-240/23, -2, 20\nFactor 3*h**4 + 259917*h**3 + 7361736408*h**2 + 63830662997952*h - 122864989932129792.",
"\n3*(h - 1609)*(h + 29416)**3\nFactor -24*i**2 - 2625939*i + 5251974.",
"\n-3*(i - 2)*(8*i + 875329)\nFactor -u**2 - 3789759*u - 11369268.",
"\n-(u + 3)*(u + 3789756)\nDetermine s, given that -6*s**5 - 165*s**4 + 24228*s**3 + 74595*s**2 - 96816*s - 295740 = 0.",
"\n-155/2, -3, -2, 2, 53\nFactor -2*g**3 - 9758*g**2 + 156530*g - 538450.",
"\n-2*(g - 11)*(g - 5)*(g + 4895)\nLet -2*u**3/15 - 61612*u**2/15 + 1235240*u/3 - 10302000 = 0. ",
"Calculate u.\n-30906, 50\nDetermine n so that 2*n**5/7 - 320*n**4 - 7428*n**3/7 + 776224*n**2/7 - 1521214*n/7 + 107808 = 0.",
"\n-21, 1, 16, 1123\nDetermine v, given that -v**5/4 + 379*v**4/4 + 69181*v**3/4 - 20180995*v**2/4 - 677732850*v + 3512575125 = 0.",
"\n-155, 5, 342\nFactor -j**2/7 + 88*j/7 + 8880/7.",
"\n-(j - 148)*(j + 60)/7\nFactor 3*f**4 - 2112*f**3 + 43233*f**2 - 139332*f.",
"\n3*f*(f - 683)*(f - 17)*(f - 4)\nWhat is x in -49719*x**3 - 2784273*x**2 + 8799759*x + 1593 = 0?",
"\n-59, -3/16573, 3\nFactor -a**2/5 - 75934028*a/5 - 1441494152076196/5.",
"\n-(a + 37967014)**2/5\nSolve -4*q**4 + 1076*q**3 + 9148*q**2 - 78356*q - 86424 = 0.",
"\n-13, -1, 6, 277\nFactor 57*l**3/4 - 113073*l**2/2 + 10312257*l/4 - 29561049.",
"\n3*(l - 23)**2*(19*l - 74508)/4\nFactor 2*d**3 - 3070*d**2 + 16798*d + 2369950.",
"\n2*(d - 1529)*(d - 31)*(d + 25)\nWhat is h in 2*h**3/9 - 6040*h**2/9 + 235864*h/3 - 154560 = 0?",
"\n2, 120, 2898\nDetermine f so that 5*f**4 - 1315625*f**3 - 35*f**2 + 9209405*f - 7893750 = 0.",
"\n-3, 1, 2, 263125\nFactor -2*z**2/7 - 155724*z/7 + 7011630/7.",
"\n-2*(z - 45)*(z + 77907)/7\nDetermine s, given that -2*s**5/15 - 488*s**4/15 + 5256*s**3/5 - 180796*s**2/15 + 906794*s/15 - 563892/5 = 0.",
"\n-274, 7, 9\nFactor 2*d**2/7 + 281172*d + 5904594/7.",
"\n2*(d + 3)*(d + 984099)/7\nSuppose -5*j**3 - 1494575*j**2 + 242251565*j - 240756985 = 0. ",
"What is j?",
"\n-299077, 1, 161\nFactor 4*h**2 - 26092096*h - 52184208.",
"\n4*(h - 6523026)*(h + 2)\nFactor 11858*o**4 + 126570444*o**3 + 337738435722*o**2 - 52636866984*o + 2050816968.",
"\n2*(o + 5337)**2*(77*o - 6)**2\nFactor 8396*d**3 + 1679184*d**2 + 83956800*d - 160000.",
"\n4*(d + 100)**2*(2099*d - 4)\nFactor n**3/4 + 8847*n**2/4 + 198127*n/2 + 360882.",
"\n(n + 4)*(n + 41)*(n + 8802)/4\nFactor -4*k**3/5 + 29248*k**2 - 266740800*k - 10716480000.",
"\n-4*(k - 18300)**2*(k + 40)/5\nFactor 78*i**2/7 + 229174*i/7 - 61320.",
"\n2*(i + 2940)*(39*i - 73)/7\nWhat is j in -2*j**4/11 + 7108*j**3/11 - 574898*j**2/11 - 10200975120*j/11 - 4119253639200/11 = 0?",
"\n-603, 2380\nSolve i**5/3 + 281*i**4/3 - 33723*i**3 - 411029*i**2/3 + 713120*i/3 + 340900 = 0.",
"\n-487, -5, -1, 2, 210\nFactor 2*i**2/3 + 4356*i + 117126.",
"\n2*(i + 27)*(i + 6507)/3\nSolve 2*u**3 + 3366*u**2 + 1017360*u - 356720328 = 0 for u.\n-942, 201\nLet 3*l**2/5 + 376011*l/5 + 4887636/5 = 0. ",
"What is l?",
"\n-125324, -13\nDetermine p, given that -3*p**2 - 4483707*p = 0.",
"\n-1494569, 0\nSuppose 2*y**3/7 - 5511756*y**2/7 + 542489466240*y + 7594874574400/7 = 0. ",
"Calculate y.\n-2, 1377940\nSuppose 4*a**2 + 14340*a - 521424 = 0. ",
"Calculate a.\n-3621, 36\nDetermine j so that 13*j**5/2 + 29244*j**4 + 179765*j**3/2 - 168655*j**2 - 247284*j - 17984 = 0.",
"\n-4496, -4, -1, -1/13, 2\nLet -j**4 - 3636*j**3 - 204263*j**2 - 930540*j = 0. ",
"What is j?",
"\n-3579, -52, -5, 0\nFactor -2*f**3/5 - 3156*f**2/5 - 111024*f/5.",
"\n-2*f*(f + 36)*(f + 1542)/5\nFactor -4*n**3 - 12150332*n**2 - 9226928707360*n - 27680676769200.",
"\n-4*(n + 3)*(n + 1518790)**2\nFactor -f**4/2 + 2253966*f**3 - 2540170094723*f**2 - 25401869994930*f - 127009631721025/2.",
"\n-(f - 2253971)**2*(f + 5)**2/2\nFind x, given that 4*x**4 + 1204560*x**3 + 9636288*x**2 + 19272448*x = 0.",
"\n-301132, -4, 0\nLet 3*y**2/7 - 843054*y/7 + 40459680/7 = 0. ",
"Calculate y.\n48, 280970\nFind a such that -3*a**5 + 17868*a**4 - 36852786*a**3 + 28838131980*a**2 - 5214205297059*a = 0.",
"\n0, 253, 1901\nSolve -2*d**5/13 + 163850*d**4/13 - 1310714*d**3/13 + 3440550*d**2/13 - 2949012*d/13 = 0.",
"\n0, 2, 3, 81917\nSuppose 5*z**3 + 1415075*z**2 + 79228235*z - 80643315 = 0. ",
"What is z?",
"\n-282959, -57, 1\nLet -3*x**3 - 342732*x**2 - 9845753895*x - 3250359769050 = 0. ",
"Calculate x.\n-56955, -334\nLet 4*h**4 - 7294032*h**3 + 21882072*h**2 - 21882064*h + 7294020 = 0. ",
"Calculate h.\n1, 1823505\nWhat is w in -4*w**4 - 1000*w**3 - 7740*w**2 + 1000*w + 7744 = 0?",
"\n-242, -8, -1, 1\nDetermine h so that -5*h**2 - 1116235*h - 50220450 = 0.",
"\n-223202, -45\nSolve -4*t**2 + 7688*t + 632316 = 0.",
"\n-79, 2001\nSolve 2*t**3/7 - 1214*t**2/7 - 254108*t/7 - 503344/7 = 0.",
"\n-163, -2, 772\nSuppose -2*v**5 + 944*v**4 - 2742*v**3 - 33904*v**2 + 63304*v + 225120 = 0. ",
"Calculate v.\n-5, -2, 4, 6, 469\nSolve -v**5/2 - 70405*v**4/2 - 281591*v**3/2 + 915217*v**2/2 + 140796*v - 422406 = 0.",
"\n-70401, -6, -1, 1, 2\nWhat is m in 2*m**5/13 - 77302*m**4/13 + 864926*m**3 - 22256178*m**2/13 + 11089440*m/13 = 0?",
"\n0, 1, 144, 38505\nSuppose -4*u**3 + 469*u**2 + 17451*u - 270036 = 0. ",
"Calculate u.\n-39, 12, 577/4\nSuppose -o**3/2 - 99013*o**2/2 + 396076*o - 792168 = 0. ",
"Calculate o.\n-99021, 4\nLet -2*f**2/3 - 25628*f/3 + 2270752/3 = 0. ",
"Calculate f.\n-12902, 88\nLet -3*y**3 - 2733*y**2 + 46421955*y + 86444678925 = 0. ",
"What is y?",
"\n-2595, 4279\nDetermine i so that -958*i**4/17 - 646614*i**3/17 - 109420494*i**2/17 - 104686354*i/17 + 4088484/17 = 0.",
"\n-337, -1, 18/479\nFactor -4*t**2 + 510636*t + 12768400.",
"\n-4*(t - 127684)*(t + 25)\nLet -5*s**5 + 756260*s**4 + 22691885*s**3 + 62781760*s**2 + 40846140*s = 0. ",
"Calculate s.\n-27, -2, -1, 0, 151282\nSuppose -2*d**5/15 - 88*d**4/15 - 1024*d**3/15 - 2252*d**2/15 + 342*d/5 + 156 = 0. ",
"Calculate d.\n-26, -15, -3, -1, 1\nFactor -5*v**2 + 4649285*v - 9298550.",
"\n-5*(v - 929855)*(v - 2)\nSolve -3*j**3/7 + 1118613*j**2 - 39151362*j/7 - 46981656/7 = 0.",
"\n-1, 6, 2610092\nFind c such that -53210494276*c**4/5 - 159632866872*c**3/5 - 106425140693*c**2/5 - 553623*c - 18/5 = 0.",
"\n-2, -1, -3/230674\nWhat is h in 100*h**5 + 77820*h**4 + 1462096*h**3 + 3650544*h**2 - 3642176*h + 777216 = 0?",
"\n-759, -16, -4, 2/5\nFind h, given that 2*h**4/5 - 180952*h**3/5 + 1809338*h**2/5 - 1628388*h/5 = 0.",
"\n0, 1, 9, 90466\nDetermine n so that 3*n**3/2 - 88179*n**2/2 + 88173*n = 0.",
"\n0, 2, 29391\nLet -4*i**2 + 97719032*i - 596813075938564 = 0. ",
"What is i?",
"\n12214879\nSuppose -3*m**5 - 2739*m**4 - 34899*m**3 + 180831*m**2 - 62406*m - 275400 = 0. ",
"What is m?",
"\n-900, -17, -1, 2, 3\nLet -3*k**5 + 13713*k**4 + 27771*k**3 - 1523133*k**2 + 1481652*k = 0. ",
"Calculate k.\n-12, 0, 1, 9, 4573\nDetermine m so that -m**2/7 - 4203*m/7 - 1800 = 0.",
"\n-4200, -3\nSolve -6*s**4/7 + 142000*s**3/7 + 615466*s**2/7 - 473420*s/7 = 0 for s.\n-5, 0, 2/3, 23671\nFind z such that 4*z**4/5 + 3640*z**3 - 18684*z**2/5 - 2186352*z/5 - 8519472/5 = 0.",
"\n-4551, -6, 13\nLet 5*x**5 + 1412435*x**4 - 12712370*x**3 - 14124800*x**2 = 0. ",
"What is x?",
"\n-282496, -1, 0, 10\nDetermine q so that 3*q**3/4 - 108231*q**2/4 + 27966633*q - 27939576 = 0.",
"\n1, 1064, 35012\nSuppose -2*d**3/7 + 6238*d**2/7 + 479408*d/7 - 140536 = 0. ",
"What is d?",
"\n-77, 2, 3194\nDetermine o so that -2*o**5/3 - 494*o**4/3 - 10944*o**3 - 846040*o**2/3 - 7571200*o/3 = 0.",
"\n-160, -35, -26, 0\nFind t such that -t**2 + 30998*t + 41483655 = 0.",
"\n-1285, 32283\nLet 2*y**2 + 416541632*y + 21688366398652928 = 0. ",
"Calculate y.\n-104135408\nSolve -3*f**3/4 + 3771*f**2/2 - 4272435*f/4 + 175151424 = 0 for f.\n361, 1792\nLet -4*a**3/7 + 3452396*a**2 - 36502018056064*a/7 - 109506271669248/7 = 0. ",
"Calculate a.\n-3, 302084"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
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[
"[Satellite recurrence of eruptive angioma. ",
"A clinical, histologic and immunocytochemical study].",
"\nSome weeks after operative removal of an eruptive angioma, satellite angiomas may develop within and around the scar. ",
"During the further course they remit spontaneously. ",
"So far these recurrences have been observed almost exclusively on the trunk in children and young adults, especially in male patients. ",
"Four new cases are reported. ",
"The course is consistent with earlier observations. ",
"Histologically, the cell proliferations follow the ramifications of afferent arteries. ",
"In older satellites, there are focal changes of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia. ",
"These are interpreted as regression phenomena. ",
"Immunocytochemically, desmin-negative cells positive for muscle-actin are found in addition to endothelial cells. ",
"They are considered to be pericytes and myofibroblasts. ",
"Because of the close relationship with the afferent arterioles, disturbances in the vascular system are thought to be responsible for the development of angioma. ",
"If such underlying vascular disorders are not corrected by primary excision, satellite recurrences may occur. ",
"Because of their tendency to spontaneous remission, active therapeutic measures are not recommended."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Tuesday, July 31, 2007\n\nThere are no words\n\nFriday, July 20, 2007\n\nLong time no\n\nThe other day I was catching up on my blog reading and getting annoyed (in a totally loving way, of course) at all the folks on my blogroll who haven't updated lately. ",
"Then realized, hello, I haven't exactly been a model blogger myself lately. (",
"That said: Kath, Beth, Momo, you'd better post soon! ",
"And Ornery and Robbie--what, they think having twins makes them so busy or something?)",
"\n\nWhat are my excuses for not posting? ",
"Mostly, work has been kicking my ass. ",
"I thought coming back to work would give me tons of time to email and blog, but really I'm trying to get the same amount of work done in much less time. (",
"Pre-baby, I worked until 7 pm or so every night--while on bed rest, I'd often work until 10 pm simply because I had nothing else to do. ",
"Now I dash out of the office at 5.) ",
"I work nonstop all day, then bring work home and do some more after I put Bat Girl to bed. ",
"Ugh. ",
"Which leaves little time for composing blog posts. ",
"I think of ideas for posts all the time, I just never have a chance to get them down.",
"\n\nAlso, for a while there my work life was coming uncomfortably close to colliding with my blog life (sorry I can't be more specific) and I was worried about being outed, so I thought it would be good to lay low.",
"\n\nFinally, there's the typical no longer trying to have a baby blah blah blah where do I fit in the infertile world now blah blah blah mommy blog blah blah blah stuff. ",
"It's been said by many others many times before me, so I won't reiterate.",
"\n\nIt bums me out when people have their babies and then just stop blogging, so I do want to keep going. ",
"I just need to figure out how to make the time to post more often. ",
"But I will. ",
"I promise.",
"\n\nMonday, July 02, 2007\n\nSunshine day\n\nI'm not much of a singer, but from the very first weeks of Bat Girl's life, I've been singing to her.",
"\n\nWhen she was just a week old, and I was awash in post-partum hormones and breastfeeding horribleness and my maternal self-esteem was in the toilet and I wondered who was this creature who had invaded my life, I made up a little song about how much I loved her and how she was my one and only baby girl. ",
"I sang it to her every day as I held her on the couch after those early-morning feedings, hoping that by singing it over and over again, I would begin to believe it. (",
"And eventually, I did.) ",
"I stopped singing it after a couple months, but to this day, if I sing the first few lines, Bat Girl cocks her head inquisitively, as if in recognition.",
"\n\nWhen she was a few weeks old and still spending half the night awake, I paced the living room floor for hours, humming snatches of lullabies to try to get her to sleep. (",
"Our preferred and most effective method, blasting rock music--something about the drumbeats worked like magic--is not practical in an apartment building at 3 a.m.) I couldn't remember any of the words to \"Hush Little Baby,\" and got tired of just humming, so I eventually started singing old standards--\"Night and Day,\" \"What'll I Do,\" \"I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm\"--appropriateness be damned. ",
"And actually, if you sing a torch song in a low register with a baby curled up on your chest, the vibration of your throat and chest and stomach works pretty well to get her to sleep.",
"\n\nWhen I went back to work, I'd come home exhausted but then have to figure out some way to entertain Bat Girl for the two hours left until her bedtime. (",
"My husband, worn-out SAHD, would hand her over to me and then collapse on the couch in front of the Simpsons.) ",
"I'd change into sweats and then plop down on the bed with her for a chat. ",
"Eventually, I started singing random folk songs--\"This Land Is Your Land,\" \"You Are My Sunshine,\" \"Oh Susannah\"--which she loved. ",
"I'd lay her on her back and pedal her little legs to the beat, and she'd smile and kick.",
"\n\nAt some point it became clear that \"You Are My Sunshine\" was her favorite. ",
"Bat Girl could be full-on wailing, but if I laid her down and started singing \"You Are My Sunshine,\" she would stop, stare at me wide-eyed, and then begin squealing and kicking like it was Christmas and ice cream and ponies all wrapped up in one. ",
"She'd get a huge smile on her face and start almost panting in excitement, and then she'd wave her arms in the air (which, since she didn't have much muscle control, entailed lifting her little shoulders so each arm would flop around in an uncontrolled fashion) and kick like crazy. ",
"There was literally nothing I did that made her happier than \"You Are My Sunshine.\"",
"\n\nYesterday I wanted to capture the happy flailing on film, so I had my husband hold the camera as I sang to her. ",
"She looked at the camera, then gave me a little smile and a sideways look as if to say, \"Yeah Mommy, I don't do that flailing shit anymore. ",
"I'm a GROWNUP baby now.\"",
"\n\nAnd really, I should have seen it coming. ",
"She still likes to be sung to, but \"You Are My Sunshine\" no longer lights up her world in quite the same way. ",
"And it makes me a little sad, a little nostalgic already. ",
"Because someday, probably many somedays when she's hurt and unhappy, I know I'll look back fondly on the times when all I had to do to fill her with delight was sing.",
"\n\nAbout Me\n\nLike the tagline says...I have PCOS. ",
"I have a unicornuate uterus. ",
"I live in Big City, USA. ",
"We started TTC in June 2004 (I was 30; we'd been married 2 years), and got lucky with an IUI/injectibles cycle in May/June 2006. ",
"After a tough pregnancy and four months of bedrest, I gave birth to my Bat Girl in Feb. 2007. ",
"We started TTC#2 in 2009 and after many, many IUIs I got pregnant in November 2011 on our first IVF cycle. ",
"Baby Brother was born in July 2012, making our family complete."
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[
"50 yen coin\n\nThe is a denomination of Japanese yen. ",
"The current design was first minted in 1967.",
"\n\nHistory\nThe first 50 yen coin was issued in 1955 and featured a chrysanthemum viewed from the side on the reverse and a stylized ancient weight on the obverse. ",
"The coin had a diameter of 25 mm, and was pure nickel.",
"\n\nIn 1959, the design was modified, adding a hole in the center due to complaints that the design was confusing with the 100 yen coin, and changing the reverse side to show a chrysanthemum viewed from above. ",
"The metallurgy remained unchanged. ",
"This design was issued every year from 1959 to 1966.",
"\n\nThe current design for the 50 Yen coin was first issued in 1967. ",
"The metallurgy was changed to a ratio of 75-25 copper-nickel (cupronickel), with the diameter of the coin reduced to 21 mm, and the weight reduced from 5 grams to 4. ",
"The size of the center hole was reduced from 6 mm in diameter to 4. ",
"The reverse side retained the use of a chrysanthemum motif, showing three smaller flowers flanking the center hole.",
"\n\nComposition\n\nDesigns\n\nCirculation figures\n\nShōwa\n\nThe following are circulation dates which cover Emperor Hirohito's reign. ",
"The dates below correspond with the 30th to the 64th year (last) of his reign. ",
"Fifty yen coins had three different designs, but there was no overlap in mintage between them. ",
"Coins for this period will all begin with the Japanese symbol 昭和 (Shōwa).",
"\n\nJapanese coins are read with a left to right format: \n\"Emperors name\" → \"Number representing year of reign\" → \"Year\" (Ex: 昭和 → 50 → 年).",
"\n\nHeisei\n\nThe following are circulation dates in the reign of the current Emperor. ",
"Akihito was crowned in 1989, which is marked with a 元 symbol on the coin as a one year type. ",
"Coins for this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 平成 (Heisei).",
"\n\nJapanese coins are read with a left to right format: \n\"Emperors name\" → \"Number representing year of reign\" → \"Year\" (Ex: 平成 → 13 → 年).",
"\n\nReiwa\nThe following are circulation dates in the reign of the current Emperor. ",
"Naruhito's accession to the Crysanthemum Throne took place on May 1, 2019 and he was formally enthroned on October 22, 2019. ",
"Coins for this period all begin with the Japanese symbol 令和 (Reiwa). ",
"The inaugural year coin (2019) was marked 元 (first) and debuted during the summer of that year.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Coins of Japan\nCategory:Japanese yen\nCategory:Fifty-base-unit coins"
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[
"News Story - Challenges facing the future of Antarctica\n\nA century ago, Antarctica was one of Earth’s last frontiers, but now the continent is under threat from human activity.",
"\n\nAn international team of experts, including scientists from British Antarctic Survey (BAS), has set out the current and future conservation challenges facing the Antarctic in a Policy Forum article published this week in the journal Science.",
"\n\nThe team analysed the effectiveness of the existing Antarctic Treaty System for protecting the region from the threats of climate change and, as technology improves, increasing prospects of use of the Antarctic's natural resources.",
"\n\nFlags of the Antarctic Treaty nations\n\nUsing a horizon scanning approach, the team determined that the major short-term threats included climate change impacts on marine systems, marine resource use, ocean acidification, invasive alien species, pollution, habitat alteration and regulatory challenges within the Treaty system.",
"\n\nLead author Professor Steven Chown, Head of Biological Sciences at Monash University said the impacts of climate change were particularly worrying.",
"\n\n“Climate change is increasing the risk of the introduction of non-indigenous species. ",
"Several alien species, which have track records of being highly invasive, are already present in the Peninsula region and the risks are growing.”",
"\n\nThe team also looked at the likely situation in half a century. ",
"In the longer-term, climate change impacts on terrestrial systems, and the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms are growing threats.",
"\n\nProfessor Chown said that the Antarctic Treaty System remains effective, but swifter decision-making and more collaboration were vital if the Antarctic was to be conserved.",
"\n\n“The quick pace of change in much of the region is under-appreciated. ",
"There’s warming in the Western Antarctic, changing species distributions, and a quickening in the rate of ice-loss, among other clear signs,” Professor Chown said.",
"\n\nOver the longer term, growing tourism and science activities will raise the prospect of permanent human settlement, and interests in resource use will escalate. ",
"The authors pointed out that these developments would mean substantial challenges to the conservation of the region, and in consequence to its governance through the Antarctic Treaty System.",
"\n\nBAS Environmental Manager Dr. Kevin Hughes added “In the past, the Antarctic Treaty System has done a great job in preserving Antarctica as a continent free of human conflict. ",
"But now Antarctica faces new threats, and impacts from rapid climate change and increasing human activity are tremendously worrying. ",
"Rapid and unified action by the Antarctic Treaty Parties is crucial if the continent’s biodiversity is to be protected for future generations”."
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[
"Washington — The top US military officer yesterday accused Pakistan’s intelligence agency of supporting Haqqani fighters in planning and conducting last week’s attack on the US Embassy in Kabul.",
"\n\nAdm. Mike Mullen, outgoing chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said Pakistani duplicity puts in jeopardy not only the frayed US-Pakistani partnership against terrorism but also the outcome of the decade-old war in Afghanistan.",
"\n\nMullen said success in Afghanistan is threatened by the Pakistani government’s support for the Haqqani network of militants, which he called a “veritable arm” of Pakistan’s intelligence agency.",
"\n\nThe remarks highlight a notable shift in the administration’s approach to Pakistan. ",
"Whereas US officials previously kept their strongest criticisms of Pakistan private, in recent days they have been explicit in linking the government to extremists who are attacking US forces in Afghanistan."
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[
"Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to methods and apparatus for monitoring temperature, humidity, and/or other environmental or chemical analog variables. ",
"More particularly, although not exclusively, these embodiments are concerned with the detection of product abuses such as spoilage and/or the detection of the level of freshness or environmental abuses of products, equipment or consumable items.",
"\nAs an introduction to the problems solved by the present application, it is generally desirable in the art of making smart labels and smart packaging products to be able to measure the integral of temperature, humidity, or other variable over time. ",
"Such an integration measurement can be used to indicate a degree of exposure to undesirable environmental conditions. ",
"Time-Temperature Integration (TTI) and Time-Humidity Integration (THI) are two such valuable metrics used to determine product abuses or levels of freshness.",
"\nTo accomplish such measurements, it is known in the art that a high degree of accuracy can be obtained using an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), together with a processing logic unit that performs floating-point algorithms. ",
"Alternately, a microprocessor, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) type of processing platform can be used.",
"\nWhen considering the cost of goods required to build such processing circuitry into smart labels and smart packages, even at the smallest levels of integration (deep sub-micron), using fully custom Application Specific ICs (ASICs), the cost of goods is too high to be applicable in a typical packaging situation. ",
"Cost sensitivities drive the need for lower-cost and lower-power circuitry for smart label and smart packaging devices."
] | {
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] | 0.00064 | 9 |
[
"// This unit test will test the spawning mechanisms of the simulator\n\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n#include <assert.h>\n#include <sys/syscall.h>\n#include \"carbon_user.h\"\n\nvoid* thread_func(void *threadid);\n\nvoid do_a_sim()\n{\n\n const unsigned int total_cores = 6;\n const unsigned int numThreads = 5;\n int threads[numThreads+1];\n unsigned int tid;\n\n // Spawn 5 threads on core 1, then move 4 of them to cores 2-5.",
"\n for(unsigned int j = 0; j < numThreads; j++)\n {\n printf(\"(%5d) starting thread %i on core %i\\n\", syscall(__NR_gettid), j+1, 1);\n threads[j] = CarbonSpawnThreadOnTile((tile_id_t) 1, thread_func, (void *) (j + 1));\n }\n\n\n cpu_set_t * set = CPU_ALLOC(total_cores);\n size_t alloc_size = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(total_cores);\n unsigned int cpusetsize = total_cores;\n for(unsigned int k = 1; k < numThreads; k++)\n {\n CPU_ZERO_S(alloc_size, set);\n CPU_SET_S(k + 1, alloc_size, set);\n\n printf(\"(%5d) setting affinity of thread %i to tile %i\\n\", syscall(__NR_gettid), threads[k], k+1);\n CarbonSchedSetAffinity(threads[k], cpusetsize, set);\n }\n\n for(unsigned int k = 1; k < numThreads; k++)\n {\n CarbonSchedGetAffinity(threads[k], cpusetsize, set);\n\n printf(\"thread %i mask: \", threads[k]);\n for (unsigned int i = 0; i < cpusetsize; i++)\n if (CPU_ISSET_S(i, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(cpusetsize), set) !",
"= 0)\n printf(\"%i \", i);\n printf(\"\\n\");\n }\n\n for(unsigned int k = 0; k < numThreads; k++)\n {\n printf(\"(%i) joining thread %i\\n\", syscall(__NR_gettid), k+1);\n CarbonJoinThread(threads[k]);\n printf(\"(%i) done joining thread %i\\n\", syscall(__NR_gettid), k+1);\n }\n\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char **argv)\n{\n int i = 0;\n CarbonStartSim(argc, argv);\n\n for(i = 0; i < 1; i++)\n {\n fprintf(stderr, \"test %d...\\n\", i);\n do_a_sim();\n }\n CarbonStopSim();\n\n fprintf(stderr, \"done.\\n\");\n i++;\n return 0;\n}\n\nvoid* thread_func(void *threadid)\n{\n printf(\"(%5d) sleeping...\\n\", syscall(__NR_gettid));\n usleep(5000000);\n printf(\"(%5d) done...\\n\", syscall(__NR_gettid));\n return 0;\n}\n\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} | [
0.0009473004029132426,
0.0012681317748501897,
0.007499943487346172
] | 0.003238 | 3 |