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Do your vacation plans include a visit to a national park? There are 18 national parks within Pennsylvania in a national park system comprised of more than 400 areas in every state. Pennsylvania is home to the smallest site, the Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial in Philadelphia; the 10th most visited site in 2012, the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, along the upper Delaware River; and, commemorating its sesquicentennial this year, the Gettysburg National Military Park. Each park is more than just a pretty space.
“National parks are iconic in the American psyche,” said Erica Smithwick, an ecologist and associate professor of geography at Penn State, “Ironically however, parks can separate people from natural resources, and the resulting tensions can hinder socio-ecological approaches to conservation,” she added, noting that these challenges make the national park system in general, and Pennsylvania in particular, an ideal framework for exploring broad themes of sustainability, conservation and socio-ecological systems.
“For example, Pennsylvania contains 20 state forests, the Allegheny National Forest and multiple national historic sites, recreation areas, scenic trails and memorials that are operated through the National Park Service. Yet, it is also the focus of shifting energy extraction regimes, including Marcellus Shale natural gas, wind power and coal,” Smithwick explained, adding, “Pennsylvania is also a critical boundary between two important forest zones that are expected to shift northward under climate change; its unique topography makes it a bottleneck for species migration networks under climate change. This conflict — pressure for energy extraction and potential consequences for increasing fragmentation of priority habitat areas — makes the Pennsylvania landscape a key region for discussion about sustainability.”
And it makes GEOG 097A Global Sustainability and International Parks a good introduction for students who are interested in learning more about sustainability issues, whether they are geography majors or not, Smithwick noted. The course uses video of various parkscapes to present case studies.
Preston Linck (bachelor of arts, 2013) took GEOG 097A Global Sustainability and International Parks in his final semester as a landscape architecture student. “I took this class to learn more about national parks. I am an interested traveler and photographer, and the idea of national parks appealed to both interests,” he explained, adding that the class did not meet his initial expectations. “I think that I was expecting to see a bunch of pictures of national parks and learn some general quick facts. The class ended up being much more than that — and in a good way for the most part. The class challenged us to understand a national park not only as place but as a complex landscape that includes history, ecology, society and the conservation.”
“There is no sugar-coating the issue; it is not a black-and-white choice between conservation or society. Rather, we will explore the gray area -- how do you protect and preserve the biota of earth while also providing resources for human livelihoods?” Smithwick asked.
“There is no sugar-coating the issue; it is not a black-and-white choice between conservation or society. Rather, we will explore the gray area -- how do you protect and preserve the biota of earth while also providing resources for human livelihoods?” Smithwick asked. “I don't think there is one ‘correct’ answer to this question in an era of profound pressure on ecosystems and the human condition.”
Barbara Munin, who took the class in spring 2013 as a new geography major, said she appreciated the opportunity to explore different points of view and found the concept-mapping project a challenge. “I think that a student looking for a way to express her creativity would appreciate this class. I didn't know that was what I was getting registering for the course, but I was pleasantly surprised. GEOG 97 wasn't like my other classes; it was a breath of fresh air, and I loved it.”
“Through each case study, students travel virtually to a place of ecological complexity and to critically examine the issues,” Smithwick explains. “Sustainability depends as much on an understanding of ecological threats and challenges as it does on societal needs, capacity, ethics and methodologies.”
Then students get behind the camera for their final project, to create a video that integrates material from the course into a story of a parkscape, by exploring the ecological basis for conservation, the social issues, drivers of change (such as climate change) and sustainability opportunities.
Jon Poler (bachelor of science, 2013) wasn’t sure about the format at first. “Looking back on it, however, I think I actually liked the format," he said. "Applying the material to a project that we learned about independently was probably the best way to learn. The paper and the movie project were very interesting and challenging.”
“This course reinforced my beliefs regarding nature,” Poler said. “What I liked is that it really brought the question of ‘How do we reconcile somewhat idealist principles with pragmatic management strategies?’ to the forefront.” Poler recommended the course for anyone who is interested in learning about our current understanding of human relationships with the environment.
Reflecting on the course, Linck noted that to be able to investigate, understand and interpret a park was a challenge. “Historically, many of these parks are blood-ridden and were claimed unjustly, scarring the integrity of the landscape. Adding to this, the many other social injustices that still plague the notion of these parks as being truly invaluable acts of conservation, I have an internal dilemma of the true value of national parks in society. On the other hand, national parks are so much a part of national identity and culture, where many people behind the scenes work so hard to conserve and preserve ecologically sensitive and attractive landscapes for the sake of future generations. My view on national parks has changed drastically. Until this course, I had only positive perceptions of national parks and had taken for granted their existence.”
Smithwick gives an example of a park with a complex story. “I've worked in Yellowstone — the world's first national park — studying the effects of forest fire on vegetation, soils and nutrients for more than a decade, and it perfectly exemplifies some of this conflict. It was established under the historical context of westward expansion and frontier ideology, at a time when tourism, the railroad, gold and romantic notions of nature were on people's minds. The park still captures the imagination of its visitors and serves tremendous educational, scientific and conservation goals. It is also a place of modern day tradeoffs among livelihoods and ecosystems, where wolves can, for example, serve not only as economic and conservation magnets but also as a source of frustration for farmers outside the park. Finding sustainable solutions to these issues is an opportunity to rethink our approach to conservation.”
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Interprofessional education : an analysis of the introduction of a common core in curricula for selected health professions
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The aim of the study: - to to identify cultural differences between various professions and educational institutions - to to explore how the implementation of the common core in curricula influenced students’ professional habitus (identities) - when taught separately - when taught interprofessionally with longer or shorter duration - to to identify whether, and if so how, differences in the dimensions of interprofessional education affect students’ perception of their own and of another health care profession’s cultural capital (competence) Context: The Norwegian government introduced a common core into the curricula (modified curricula) for all health and social educational programmes in the conviction that this would result in more collaboratively and thereby more effective and efficient health care. It called upon profession-oriented studies to introduce interprofessional education across the health and social disciplines with opportunities for interaction in the expectation that this would reinforce students’ perceptions of their interprofessionalism and their habitus as health workers. Theoretical framework: Bourdieu’s theory of the educational system was chosen to shed light on the implementation process of the common core and to interpret interprofessional education in health care. Methodological approach: A comparative, explorative design was chosen to study health care students’ perceptions of interprofessionalism and of their own and of other professions’ cultural capital. Different health care students at Oslo University College and Ålesund University College participated in ‘StudData’, a national database for studies of recruitment and qualifications in professions. The students were asked to respond to statements in a questionnaire about interprofessionalism. Students at Bergen University College and the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, with different duration and modes of interprofessional education were also selected in order to get an insight into the students’ socialisation process concerning interprofessional cultural capital. All data were analysed using SPSS; comprising cross-tables, one-way analysis of variance, while STATlab was applied to carry out correspondence analysis and analysis of hierarchical classification. Results: Part I Students’ perceptions of interprofessionalism Students from five professions valued interprofessionalism differently. The occupational therapy (OT) and nursing students were more positive towards interprofessional education and collaborative practice than were the radiography and medical laboratory science students. Nursing students from four educational institutions understood interprofessionalism differently, those at Bjerregaardsgt. and Ullevål being more positive than those at Aker and Ålesund. Students with a modified curriculum appreciated interprofessionalism more highly than did those with an unmodified curriculum (before the revising of the curricula). The results showed that students having the common core implemented as interprofessional education valued interprofessional studies and work more highly than those with the common core implemented as uniprofessional education. Students with longer interprofessional education appreciated interprofessional practice more highly than those with shorter interprofessional education. Part II Students’ perceptions of own and the other profession’s capability The mature OT and physiotherapy (PT) students at the Karolinska Institutet, with longer experience in health care before starting the study than corresponding students at Bergen University College had a broader view of their own and of other professions’ cultural capital. The younger OT and PT students at Bergen University College, with less experience in health care, expressed a narrower perception of an OT’s and a PT’s cultural capital. Discussion: The implementation process of the common core in the curricula and the results from empirical data of the student groups’ perceptions are discussed in relation to theory, biosocial variables (as part of students’ habitus), and result of previous research in the field. Finally, findings are seen in relation to how to improve students’ habitus as health workers and their interprofessional cultural capital.
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Comet Halley (Halley's Comet)
What is a Comet?
Comets are leftovers from the formation of the solar system, about 5000 million years ago. Near to the sun, small rocky planets such as Earth formed. Further out, large gas planets like Jupiter formed. Still further out, the masses of dust and ice didn't form planets. They stayed separate and formed a cloud of comets known as Oort's cloud.
Most comets are undetectable from Earth. Occasionally two comets may collide, and an icy piece of one of them falls toward the sun. The journey toward the sun takes several hundreds of thousand of years. Once the comet reaches the sun, it swings past it and returns to Oort's cloud, in as much as a million years since it left.
Some comets orbit the sun much more frequently than what I've just described. These short-period comets have been captured by the solar system.
When a comet travels toward the sun, it passes all the planets in the solar system. Some of the smaller planets have no effect on the comet. If the comet passes too close to a larger planet—Jupiter or Saturn—it may become trapped. The gravitational force of a planet such as Jupiter or Saturn will slow the comet, leaving it without enough energy to return to Oort's cloud.
Halley's Comet is a Short-Period Comet
A comet which has been caught in the gravitational force of one of the larger planets is doomed to spend the rest of its life orbiting the sun in much less time than the one million year round-trip between Oort's cloud and the sun. Comet Halley is a short-period comet. It orbits the sun every 76 years.
The 1986 Apparition of Comet Halley
Comet Halley's most recent apparition was in 1986. Within a three-week period in March 1986, a group of six spacecraft flew past the nucleus of Comet Halley, at distances ranging from 17.4 miles to 372.8 miles. Professional and amateur astronomers, organized into nine disciplines of the International Halley Watch, monitored Halley's Comet using ground-based instrumentation. The scope and size of the international scientific community organized to study Comet Halley was unprecedented in the history of science.
International Halley Watch (IHW)
The United States Congress appropriated funding for the formation of the International Halley Watch (IHW). In 1980, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) science working group was formed to establish the objectives of the organization. NASA Headquarters established two lead centers for the IHW, one in Germany, and the other at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.
Nine observing disciplines (networks) were formed to encourage, coordinate, and archive the scientific data resulting from the observations of Comet Halley during its apparition from 1982 to 1989.
IHW Small Island Network
The International Halley Watch's Large-Scale Phenomena Team was responsible for establishing a worldwide network to observe and photograph Comet Halley. More than 90 observatories in the Northern Hemisphere had the comet in view during every hour in each 24-hour period.
The situation changed in February 1986, when Halley's Comet rounded the sun. The comet was far south of the celestial equator and either difficult or impossible to see from many northern observatories. The Southern Hemisphere is dominated by oceans. The observatories there were too far apart to continuously monitor the comet. One of the nine networks formed by the IHW's Large-Scale Phenomena Team was the Small Island Network.
The idea of the Small Island Network was to place portable Schmidt cameras on remote islands to monitor the comet. The IHW's Large-Scale Phenomena Team only had funds to purchase the equipment. One of the most difficult aspects of the program was finding volunteers to operate the cameras. The six locations chosen to be in the Small Island Network were Tahiti, Easter Island, the British Antarctic Survey's Faraday Station on the Antarctic Peninsula, the South African Astronomical and Cedarberg observatories (both on the mainland), and Reunion Island.
My observing partner and I spent a month in Tahiti observing and photographing Comet Halley for the International Halley Watch's Small Island Network!
Have you ever observed and photographed a comet?
This article received the 2012 HubPages Hubbie Award for Most Interesting Hub. My heartfelt thanks to everyone who voted.
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We are pretty sure that you do not want to damage the self-esteem of your child and kill the spirit of enthusiasm in her. Motivating the child instead of nagging her will help.
The significance of motivation
Motivation is essential for almost everything in life. We fail majorly because of lack of motivation. The lack of motivation can be because of several factors, there is this unwillingness to do anything andthings don’t seem to be alright. If there is lack of interest, the student will not want to study, finish her homeworkand will have poor grades. When a child is not motivated for a task, anxiety and fear of failure develops which leads to procrastination. Understanding the root cause of lack of motivation is the first step to progress. There is no ham in taking professional help if you are unable determine it for your child.
Praise your child instead of criticizing
The trick can work wonders, you will have to be patient in its application. Nagging the child can hamper the interest of the child and make her spirit lifeless. Praising the child can help in boosting confidence and raise the self-esteem of the child. Basically,all children want to please their parents and when they are motivated enough they will have a good self conduct. For example if your child makes a mess while coloring a color book, all the color goes outside the figures on the page. Instead of shouting at her, explain to her that the color should be inside the figures and it is incorrect to spread color everywhere. Now notice when she starts followingthe correct procedure, appreciate her.
The entire idea behind praising is to make the child understand that what she did was good and should be repeated. In order to be more effective while praisingthe child be descriptive in your praise. Usually we just say, ‘nice work’, ‘keep it up’, try narrating the whole event that happened and what she did was commendable. For example, “I love the way you colored in the color book today, keep it up”. The child now will understand in a better way thatif she repeats it, she will be praised. May be you can even gift a toy or a favorite food item once in a while to keep up the spirits.
The best way to motivate your children for a long term is in a positive manner, negation will create mental blocks and de-motivate the child rather.
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Climate change or global warming?
Posted January 22, 2008
Updated March 22, 2009
The term climate change is often used interchangeably with the term global warming, but according to the National Academy of Sciences, "the phrase 'climate change' is growing in preferred use to 'global warming' because it helps convey that there are [other] changes in addition to rising temperatures."
Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). Climate change may result from:
- natural factors, such as changes in the sun's intensity or slow changes in the Earth's orbit around the sun;
- natural processes within the climate system (e.g. changes in ocean circulation);
- human activities that change the atmosphere's composition (e.g. through burning fossil fuels) and the land surface (e.g. deforestation, reforestation, urbanization, desertification, etc.)
Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns. Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced. In common usage, "global warming" often refers to the warming that can occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities.
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The purpose of a Building Safety Case is to ensure that those accountable for buildings adopt a consistent and proactive approach to managing safety risks. A Building Safety Case encompasses comprehensive information pertaining to general, fire, and structural safety, specifically tailored to Higher-Risk Buildings. Once established, the Building Safety Case is regularly updated and condensed into a Safety Case Report, which is then submitted to the Building Safety Regulator.
Which buildings need to complete a Building Safety Case
The implementation of Building Safety Case’ applies to high-rise buildings, specifically those exceeding 18 meters in height or consisting of seven or more storeys and containing at least two residential units. The requirements also extend to care homes and hospitals that meet the criteria of being 18 meters tall or having seven storeys.
Why have Building Safety Cases been introduced?
The Building Safety Act 2022, introduced to parliament in July 2021 and in force since April 1st, 2023, is a crucial response to the need for reform in building safety legislation, especially following the tragic Grenfell Tower incident in 2017, which claimed the lives of 72 individuals. These reforms were proposed by Dame Judith Hackitt in her review of fire safety and building regulations as part of the Grenfell enquiry.
Building Safety Case vs Building Case Report
On this page we have mentioned both Building Safety Cases and Building Safety Case Reports, but what’s the difference?
A Building Safety Case encompasses the consolidation of pertinent information and supporting evidence required to effectively managethe risks associated with fire spread and structural safety within a building. It serves as a compelling, easily understandable, and substantiated argument that demonstrates the building’s safety
The Building Safety Case Report provides a condensed overview of the safety case, presenting the evidence, while also documenting the progress made in accordance with the safety management plan. It highlights the primary fire and structural hazards associated with the building and demonstrates the measures taken to manage these risks to the best extent possible.
If you’re searching for a compliance partner that guarantees full compliance, then Firntec is the ideal
Firntec is a highly regarded industry leader in the realm of risk, compliance, and safety. We specialise
in assisting companies in meeting and surpassing their safety obligations, providing expert guidance
©2024 Firntec LTD. England
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Authentic Anubis Ashabti. Shabtis. Statue. Figure. Egypt.
Anubis is one of the most prominent and mystical gods of ancient Egypt. He was known since the earliest periods in the history of the civilization . . first mentioned during the First Dynasty period. In ancient Egyptian language, he was called Anpu or Inpu. This name has the root as the words meaning: a royal child and to decay.
Yep, he was the god of the dead (aka lord of the dead), represented by a jackal or the figure of a man with the head of a jackal. Other titles are: god of mummification, underworld, afterlife, embalming and caretaker of the dead.
Acquired from a private collector. 1290- 1275 BC. Intact in original condition, no repairs or restoration.
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One of the primary themes in the novel is the loss of innocence. It is developed through each of the four characters: Finny, Gene, Leper, and Brinker. Each boy is far different at the end of the school year than he was in the summer of 1942, when the story as Gene remembers it begins. Each one of them loses their youthful innocence as he deals with the reality of the war that is approaching. Gene, of course, deals with two wars--World War II and his own internal struggles to deal with his insecurity. The Winter Carnival plays an important part in the development of this theme. It serves as a brief escape from what has become their reality. For a little while, they can be boys again. Symbolically, it ends when the telegram arrives from Leper, and they are jolted back into reality.
I am going to assume you are interested in a statement that expresses the theme of this wonderful book. Are you struggling to decide what the theme of the book is? If you are, you are not alone, because there are many themes in the book, and you will need to decide which one you prefer to write about and support. Support is really the key to this assignment. Whatever theme you decide to write about, you will have to use parts of the book as evidence to support your idea.
This novel is often called a "coming of age" novel. You may have heard that term before. It refers to a common theme in literature, the struggle to mature. What is there in the story to support that idea? Another theme in the novel is that of envy and the damage it can do. What are Gene's thoughts and feelings about Finney that show this as a theme? Still another important theme in the novel is the war, which is almost like a character in the novel. What does war do to young people, sometimes even before they have a chance to become soldiers? Is the war connected at all to the coming of age theme?
Those are just three ideas that you can support for your assignment. When you write a statement about the theme you choose, remember to write a statement that you can support with evidence from the book.
I hope this helps. Good luck!
Perhaps you would like to draw parallels between the war that is going on in the 1940s and the private wars of the main characters. These struggles of the characters are fought in their hearts against the background of World War II. Gene's struggle to find his "separate peace," a growth from tragedy. is central to the novel. In a line from Chapter 13, Gene expresses his thoughts on war:
Because it seemed clear that wars were not made by generations and their special stupidities, but that wars were made instead by something ignorant in the human heart.
It is something "ignorant in his heart" that causes Gene to jump on the tree limb, sending Finny crashing to the earth below. It is something "ignorant in the heart" that causes the sense of rivalry in Gene. The influences of 1942 pull Gene and Phineas apart.
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‘Computable Bodies: Instrumented Life and the Human Somatic Niche’ by Josh Berson (Bloomsbury, 2015).
Josh Berson, an anthropologist and design researcher, as he calls himself, has written one of the first books in a wave of publications that now start to reflect on recent technological developments: the fact that we can now track our sleep or count the number of steps we take and the fact that surveillance cameras can recognise our emotions. ‘Computable Bodies’ is a study of how technology influences our bodily experience. The book is not about illness, the practice of medicine, or health care, although the author does include a personal reflection on how his own broken foot influenced his body movements. Rather, it is a book about embodied human nature in an era of activity trackers, smart glasses and cameras with face recognition.
Central to the book is the question how technology changes the ways we calibrate the movements of our body, or in Berson’s words: does a world saturated by human data ‘have a distinct somesthetic and kinaesthetic character, does it foster distinct habits of movement, posture, and display?’ (p. 123).
His answer is not very surprising: technology makes ‘some features of behaviour and modes of quantification more visible and others less so’ (p. 123). What becomes more visible depends on the technology: Berson argues that surveillance cameras favour the full-frontal face over the rest of the body and over other poses, and that the Quantified Self movement – of individuals who love digital self-tracking devices – emphasises performance over other experiences and ‘self’ over the community.
But that conclusion comes after a fascinating reflection on what a body is and how we hold and move and feel and are aware of it. Berson’s method is what he calls in one of the last pages ‘somatic anthropology’ (p. 132) and it is at the same time auto-ethnography and theoretical reflection. We get to know Berson when he describes how he broke his foot, went through a depression, had no idea where he was going to live the next month and became friends with Puredoxyk, a polyphasic sleeper who sleeps only in twenty minute naps, one nap every four hours. His prose reflects this approach and is a mix of theory alternated with more popular statements, such as ‘we need a phenomenology of jet lag’ (p. 95).
Berson’s intervention in the literature is by combining a theory of niche construction with ideas about the body and technology. In Chapter Five, he develops the case for a bodily dimension of niche construction. The concept of niche construction comes from evolutionary theory, and refers to the process in which humans (and other organisms too) shape their own environment (niche) and adapt to those changes in turn. Berson emphasises that as we build our technological environment, it in turn changes how we experience our bodies and that is a refreshing interdisciplinary viewpoint, although I do not think the evolutionary aspects of how we hold our bodies add much to the argument. Sentences such as ‘Animals were the screen on which humans first projected their budding interiority’ (p. 76) are imaginative but not very substantial.
That is characteristic of some of the other sections and chapters as well, which provide entry points for thinking about the body but are sometimes more vignettes than building blocks for the main argument. Berson’s interests bring the reader from the difference between the kinaesthetic vibe in Berlin and Paris to reflections on dancing, mood cycles and the Quantified Self community. The chapter ‘Faces,’ for example, is about face-making and surveillance cameras – by now a well-known academic topic. Berson suggests that surveillance creates a new somatic niche in which ‘frontality’ is becoming the norm. He probes the issue of frontality by including cases of YouTube videos and historical photographs of indigenous Australians and describes how computers detect human social signals by analysing micro-expressions. At the end of the chapter I would have liked to read a little more about the implications of the new norm.
For those in the medical humanities, the chapter ‘Bodies’ is probably the most interesting. Borrowing from, among others, theorists of urban space, Berson describes the body in terms of movement. The body, according to him, is a configurational phenomenon with a fine-grained responsiveness to other things and beings but also to our own proprioception, our awareness of our own body and its movements. That is a dynamic process of ongoing recalibration, a choreography that humans are doing 24/7 and that we are only aware of once we are seated in an airplane with hundreds of others for hours and hours.
Technology, according to Berson, changes how we ‘know our bodies and those of other moving presences and in how we experience the flow of matter, energy, and information across the interfaces that bind self, other, and environment’ (p. 44). In the preface, Berson even says that the new technologies produce a ‘new entente between surveillance and self-awareness’ in which it becomes meaningless to ‘distinguish between seeing ourselves from within and seeing ourselves from without’ (p. x). In this book, the reader is presented with many stimulating thoughts, but does not get a full answer to what exactly that sentence means. ‘Computing bodies’ is not for the general public, but is recommended for anyone interested in technology and in what it means to have/be a body.
Reviewed by Fenneke Sysling, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Utrecht, specialising in the history of the body and the history of science and technology. She published a book on the racialized body in colonial Indonesia and has recently started a new project on the history of self-tracking.
Correspondence to Dr Fenneke Sysling.
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Health Warning About Raw Oysters From Pacific Northwest
August 2, 2006
The Food and Drug Administration is advising consumers to avoid eating raw oysters harvested in the Pacific Northwest as a result of increased reports of illnesses associated with the naturally occurring bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in oysters harvested from the area. Oysters harvested from this region have been reported to cause gastrointestinal illness. The threat is particularly important for people who have compromised immune function, including those living with HIV/AIDS.
Until the threat of Vp from oysters harvested in the Pacific Northwest has passed, consumers are advised to thoroughly cook oysters harvested from that area before eating. They also should thoroughly cook oysters if they are not certain of the oysters' origin, or if they wish to further reduce their risk of infection from bacteria that may be found in raw oysters.
In recent months, there has been an unusual increase in bacterial illness associated with eating raw oysters from the Pacific Northwest. The illnesses are associated with the naturally occurring bacterium Vp, which is most prevalent during summer months when water temperatures in the Pacific Northwest are most favorable for its growth. While Vp can cause mild gastrointestinal disorders in healthy individuals, those with weak immune systems and older persons are at greater risk for serious more illness, such as septicemia (infection of the blood system).
Pacific Northwest oysters are distributed nationally. Although to date most of the illnesses reported have occurred in the Pacific Northwest, some have been reported in New York state as well.
In Washington state, shellfish control authorities are identifying and closing areas where people have become sick from eating oysters. Washington state has initiated a recall of all shell stock oysters (oysters in the shell) harvested from areas closed within the state. Because of the potential for nationwide distribution, consumers are advised to follow recall instructions and return associated shell stock oysters to the retailer from which they were purchased.
Cooking destroys the bacteria, eliminating the risk of illness for both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. The majority of illnesses that occur from the consumption of raw oysters are not life-threatening to the general population and commonly range from mild intestinal disorders of short duration to acute gastroenteritis. The symptoms are watery diarrhea, often with abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills. Usually these symptoms occur within 24 hours of ingestion and last no more than three days. Severe disease is rare and occurs most commonly in persons with weakened immune systems.
Persons with weakened immune systems, including those affected by AIDS; and persons with chronic alcohol abuse, liver, stomach or blood disorders, cancer; diabetes, or kidney disease should avoid raw oyster consumption altogether, regardless of where the oysters are harvested.
Consumers can continue to enjoy oysters in many cooked preparations by following this advice.
At restaurants and other food service establishments:
In the shell:
For further information contact:
FDA Food Safety Hotline: 1-888-SAFEFOOD
This article was provided by U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Visit the FDA's website to find out more about their activities and publications.
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Platelet deposition at high shear rates is enhanced by high plasma cholesterol levels. In vivo study in the rabbit model.
We have studied the effects of high plasma cholesterol levels on platelet-vessel wall interactions under high shear rate conditions typical of the apex of stenotic arteries (2,600 sec-1). Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding rabbits a 0.5% cholesterol-rich diet for 60 days. Platelet deposition was studied by use of an annular perfusion chamber and de-endothelialized abdominal rabbit aortas as substrates. After ingestion of the atherogenic diet, the experimental group of animals developed severe hypercholesterolemia, platelets became more fluid as determined by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy (p less than 0.05), and red blood cell deformability was decreased (p less than 0.001) when compared with normal controls. The fatty acid composition of platelet membranes showed an increase in the percentage of the long-chain saturated fatty acids (palmitic, C16:0, and stearic, C18:0) that may account for the lower polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio observed in the hyperlipemic animals. Total platelet deposition was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in the hyperlipemic group as compared with the control group at 5 minutes' perfusion time, becoming less evident at 20 minutes' perfusion time. Our results suggest that the presence of hyperlipidemia may contribute to acute thrombosis by enhancing platelet-vessel wall interaction.
- Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
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Pterosaurs from Ptexas! This article describing the new discovery is headlined "dinosaur", and is categorized under the "dinosaur" section of the paper's science division, but never mentions dinosaurs in the the text. And it shouldn't have. It turns out to be a well-written article about the discovery of a new pterosaur species with a 9-foot wingspan that used to soar over the Dallas, Texas region. The pterosaurs were a separate line of flying reptiles: they weren't dinosaurs at all. I did notice that a Google search of the new pterosaur Aetodactylus halli produces many stories of the discovery, and only a few make the dinosaur mistake (I'm afraid Fox News made the bad list, too). Unfortunately the Telegraph comes into criticism because it was the first story I saw, and I had to go looking for the others.
So, what's the problem? These pterosaurs lived when the dinosaurs did, and you invariably find one in the plastic dinosaur toy kits (along with sabertooths, mammoths, and cavemen). But morphologically they are descended from an entirely different group of Paleozoic reptiles. From a paleobiologist's point of view, you might as well call kangaroos placental mammals instead of marsupials. If this were an article about human history, it would be like saying that Abraham Lincoln was the president of China, or that Napoleon fought the battle of Waterloo in Florida. A newspaper editor would never let those headlines get printed, but the dinosaur mistakes happen all the time.
The only dinosaurs with nine-foot wingspans are the ones flying around southern California and the Andes right now. This is because birds are the creatures most closely related to dinosaurs still in existence.
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The smtplib module defines an SMTP client session object that
can be used to send mail to any Internet machine with an SMTP or ESMTP
listener daemon. For details of SMTP and ESMTP operation, consult
RFC 821 (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and RFC 1869
(SMTP Service Extensions).
A SMTP instance encapsulates an SMTP connection. It has
methods that support a full repertoire of SMTP and ESMTP
operations. If the optional host and port parameters are given, the
SMTP connect() method is called with those parameters during
initialization. An SMTPConnectError is raised if the
specified host doesn't respond correctly.
For normal use, you should only require the initialization/connect,
sendmail(), and quit() methods. An example is
A nice selection of exceptions is defined as well:
- exception SMTPException
Base exception class for all exceptions raised by this module.
- exception SMTPServerDisconnected
This exception is raised when the server unexpectedly disconnects,
or when an attempt is made to use the SMTP instance before
connecting it to a server.
- exception SMTPResponseException
Base class for all exceptions that include an SMTP error code.
These exceptions are generated in some instances when the SMTP
server returns an error code. The error code is stored in the
smtp_code attribute of the error, and the
smtp_error attribute is set to the error message.
- exception SMTPSenderRefused
Sender address refused. In addition to the attributes set by on all
SMTPResponseException exceptions, this sets `sender' to
the string that the SMTP server refused.
- exception SMTPRecipientsRefused
All recipient addresses refused. The errors for each recipient are
accessible through the attribute recipients, which is a
dictionary of exactly the same sort as SMTP.sendmail()
- exception SMTPDataError
The SMTP server refused to accept the message data.
- exception SMTPConnectError
Error occurred during establishment of a connection with the server.
- exception SMTPHeloError
The server refused our "HELO" message.
- exception SMTPAuthenticationError
SMTP authentication went wrong. Most probably the server didn't accept
the username/password combination provided.
- RFC 821, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Protocol definition for
SMTP. This document covers the model, operating procedure,
and protocol details for SMTP.
- RFC 1869, SMTP Service Extensions
- Definition of the ESMTP
extensions for SMTP. This describes a framework for
extending SMTP with new commands, supporting dynamic
discovery of the commands provided by the server, and
defines a few additional commands.
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes.
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Build and release secure applications and infrastructure without disrupting innovation
To ensure consistent policy compliance while delivering new applications on time, you need to be able to test applications early, fast, and frequently. SecOps Policy Service easily integrates into an agile delivery model to reduce risk without slowing you down.
- Uncover security risks such as application vulnerabilities and remediate before they reach production
- Detect and fix issues when they are the easiest and least costly to remediate
- Integrate into your existing DevOps processes, inserting security and compliance tests where needed
- Test for and catch library dependency vulnerabilities earlier in the development build cycle, before they become too costly to fix
- Utilize Docker with confidence by ensuring Docker hosts, daemons and the containers that run on them are protected from hackers
- Use the SecOps Policy Service resources view to ensure that DevOps teams are running library, web penetration, and other cloud service tests during the build and release processes
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Spend a little time exploring the Texas countryside between spring and summer, and you’re sure to see fields full of wildflowers. They adorn the roadsides, making leisurely drives through the country feel like you’re taking a drive through a painting. The wildflowers provide undeniable inspiration for painting.
Wildflower Watercolor Paintings
These paintings illustrate a few of my favorite wildflowers as they grow wild and free in the Texas meadow. Colorful indian blanket spread out on the horizon covering the ground in orange-red and yellow. Black-eyed Susan flowers look like a pool of sunshine when massed together, and big, wooly thistles dot the horizon with their hot pink tufts.
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Plato’s most famous work and the bedrock of Western philosophy
Written in the form of a Socratic dialogue, The Republic is an investigation into the nature of an ideal society. In this far-reaching and profoundly influential treatise, Plato explores the concept of justice, the connection between politics and psychology, the difference between words and what they represent, and the roles of art and education, among many other topics. A towering achievement of philosophical insight, The Republic is as relevant to readers today as it was to the citizens of ancient Athens.
This ebook has been professionally proofread to ensure accuracy and readability on all devices.
Customer ReviewsSee All
Simply has an amazing history to it, amazing writing style, interesting concepts and ideas, and two great writers/philosophers. What isn't there to like?
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Mission West Gold Restoration
About the Mission-West Gold ReLeaf Project:
American Forests and the U.S. Forest Service are reforesting 177 acres across multiple National Forests in the Idaho panhandle with western white pine, ponderosa pine, western larch and Engelmann spruce to create strains resistant to the blister rust epidemic.
Global ReLeaf provides forests like this — and the communities that depend on them — with the restoration they need to thrive. Since 1990, American Forests has brought ReLeaf to forests in all 50 states and 45 countries, planting more than 45 million trees in the process.
Multiple National Forests in Idaho
Key ReLeaf Activities:
- Planting 70,000 trees across 177 acres
- Restoring an ecosystem damaged by blister rust
- Restoring habitat for white pine and flammulated owl
- Restoring the Mission Creek Watershed
Why This ReLeaf Project?
The introduction of white pine blister rust, an exotic disease, and decades of fire suppression have led to a reduction in tree species biodiversity, creating stand conditions that are more susceptible to possible future severe disturbances. This forest restoration work will also benefit wildlife habitat and increase fire and climate change resilience. Part of this project is in the Mission Creek watershed, which provides the community water supply for local homeowners in the Mission Creek Water Association. Another part would regenerate 30 acres of dry forest openings with ponderosa pine. Additionally, some of these sites have the potential to serve as suitable habitat for the flammulated owl.
Why These Species?
As this watershed is crucial to the water supply of the local community, as well as the threatened flammulated owl species, it is crucial that it be protected by preventing erosion. Stands of tree species resistant to the prevalent blister rust epidemics must be introduced, both for ecosystem and watershed preservation, as the trees will prevent erosion of topsoil into the watershed area. The whitebark pine in particular must be protected, as it is nearly endangered in many areas. Furthermore, the flammulated owl, as a species with a large migratory range, is crucial to many ecosystems along its route.
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Independent living communities are designed with:
- Multiple units meant to provide residence and amenities for senior adults.
- The units are often one to two-bedroom apartments, complete with kitchens and laundry facilities.
- Residents have the ability to come and go as they please, cook their own meals, and care for themselves while receiving the social benefits of living in community with other senior adults.
- Supportive services are typically available to residents upon request. These services can include: meals, housekeeping, laundry, fitness classes, social activities, and transportation. These services are usually offered to the residents for an additional cost to their monthly housing fee. Some independent living facilities are strictly residential units where senior adults live without the options of additional supportive services. These types of facilities are more often referred to as senior apartments.
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By Laura A. Brady
Master’s Thesis, University of Windsor, 1992
Abstract: The history of women in the crusading movement has been a seriously neglected area of historical inquiry. There remain a few analytical studies of the roles and participation of women in the medieval crusading movement. Contrary to traditional historiography, a close reading of the western chronicles of the First and Second Crusade (1095-1148), reveals that women did indeed participate and affect the course of the early crusading movement.
The influence and presence of women is noticeable in a number of areas. First, the imagery of femineity influenced the language used both to precipitate and sustain the military venture. That is, womanliness as a universal concept was utilized by the men who preached the crusade as a means of inducing support and of continuing the war. As such, notions of femineity pervade the chronicles, inform the language of war and provide the subtext which defined and maintained the venture.
The literature of the crusades also reveals that women attended the movement to the Middle East and played crucial roles in the wars against the Muslims, becoming pivotal during the settlement phase of the crusades, when they became desirable as mothers and wives. They are also seen in the roles of warrior, campfollower, intermediaries in the marriage process and as inspiration to weary fighters.
Most significantly, the presence of women on crusade was regarded as a potential source of sin for men, and a suspicion and dislike for women pervades the writing. The clerics who accompanied the crusaders, in addition to the many secular leaders of crusade, believe that military victory hinged on the sexual purity of the warriors. Thus, the sexual temptation which the presence of women afforded caused resentment and enmity towards women. As a consequence strict laws regarding sexual behaviour and the movement of women were enacted, which sometimes led to the expulsion of women from crusader camps.
Finally, the image of Muslims further illustrates the social values of the crusaders. Muslim men were perceived as innately perverse and sexually deviant. The Christian view of women as weak, gullible and passive highlighted the need for Christian men to defend their honor and virtue. The image of Muslim women in the chronicles marginalizes them as insignificant or, when they converted to Christianity, presents them as trophies of war and evidence of the bravery and virility of Christian knights.
In the final analysis, the image of women in the First and Second Crusades was inherently dualistic and oppositional. The evidence shows women who were vigorous and active participants in the crusades. Conversely, their presence was resented and at times they were banned because of their allegedly perverse influence. The imagery of femineity, furthermore, portrayed women as weak, soft, pliable and vulnerable, and therefore in desperate need of defence. The women of the crusaders were at once essential and despised. Yet, for all that, women in the Crusaders nevertheless are more visible and accessible than historical scholarship has hitherto indicated.
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When we began our journey almost 40 years ago,we were motivated - probably much like you are- from a combination of need, curiosity, and dissatisfaction with what Western spirituality seemed to offer. When we first encountered the Orisa/Orisha, there was virtually no Ifa in America - only Santeria/Lucumi. So, Santeria/Lucumi was the initial path that we took. It soon became clear that we had simply traded the fear and dependency created by Western religions for an Afro/Cuban world view that mirrored these traits. When we asked questions, we were told that we were either not ready, being insolent, or that it was a “secret”. When we objected to the racial, sexual, and gender discriminations that surfaced, we were told that the Orisa would punish us. Despite this, we resonated to the power and beauty of the Orisa, leading us to begin a journey to find its roots and its relevancy to our lives.
That journey resulted in re-discovering Ifa in the African Tradition, and the founding of the Ifa Foundation of North America. The books "The Way of the Orisa" – HarperCollins Publishing, and "The Sacred Ifa Oracle" – HarperCollins Publishing, introduced African Ifa to both mainstream and academic America. We created the first Spiritual Retreat with genuine Orisa Shrines and Gardens that we call Ola Olu, or Gift from God. We created the world’s most complete Web Site with more free information on Orisa worship than anywhere else in the world in order to combat the intellectual and emotional slavery that secrecy and lack of knowledge creates. We initiated the first female Iyanifa, the first openly gay Babalawo, as well as introduced the first scholarships for initiation, etc. as we began to restore Ifa to the inclusive world view it was created to provide.
Through it all we have raised our children in the tradition, learned how to maintain our own 30-plus year loving relationship, and have helped others to obtain or create their own.
We have accomplished all of this by uniting our male and female energy to work together, by learning (and subsequently teaching) the imperative of Empowerment rather than dependence, of Confidence rather than fear, of self-reliance rather than paternalism, and of logic rather than blind faith. We have done this through the following Sixteen Truths of Ifa:
1. This is a benevolent Universe created by a benevolent God
2. You need have no fear
3. There is a single Creative Force (God)
4. There is no Devil
5. It is your birthright to be joyful, successful and loved
6. Personal empowerment is your engine for success and fulfillment
7. You are part of the Universe in a literal, not figurative way
8. Character determines outcome
9. All supremacy is evil
10. You must never initiate harm to another human being
11. You must never harm the Universe of which you are a part
12. Discrimination is personally and culturally destructive
13. Diversity is the hallmark of Oludumare’s (God’s) creation
14. You select your Destiny
15. Divination provides the road map to your Destiny
16. Balance, growth and wisdom provide your empowerment
30 Years of Ifa Foundation of North & Latin America’s Major Accomplishments
- Received the first approved 501 C-3 not-for-profit status from the Federal Government. In so doing achieved equal recognition with Christianity, Judaism, Moslem etc., and set the stage for all others to follow.
- Re-introduced the critical concept of Ori which had been lost by diasporic Practioners.
- Re-Established the historical reality of total equality for women in Ifa practice… subsequently initiated the first, of many, females (in North America) as fully consecrated Ifa priests.
- Established the reality of the Yoruba world view of inclusion and absence of ALL racial, religious, gender and sexual preference discrimination… subsequently initiating the first openly declared homosexual male as a fully consecrated Ifa Priest.
- Established the first (and only) Scholarship and grant program offering grants and free initiation to qualified individuals who demonstrate the moral commitment and financial need.
- Established the ONLY complete Sacred Orisa Gardens in the Western Hemisphere…open to all spiritual individuals seeking to connect to ancient African energies.
- Introduced the concept of long distance divination, by phone, internet etc. doing away with the self-imposed limitations of range of energies.
- Introduced the choice of non-blood ceremonies.
- Published, through HarperCollins Publishing, the first complete understanding of the 256 Sacred Odu, setting the stage for inclusion, in Western Academia, of Ifa as a major world philosophy.
- Created the largest offering of free information regarding Ifa on the World Wide Web.
- Introduced the Inner Circle, a select group of independent thinkers to chart the Foundation’s future.
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FASB’s Not-for-Profit Advisory Committee (NAC) has established three working groups to study ways for FASB or others to improve financial reporting for nonprofit entities and to develop recommendations and alternatives for consideration by the full committee.
FASB established the NAC in 2009 to serve as a standing resource for the board in obtaining input from the nonprofit sector on existing guidance, current and proposed technical agenda projects, and longer-term issues affecting those organizations.
The three working groups include:
- Reporting Financial Performance. This group will consider how to improve the reporting of financial performance via the statement of activities—including the need for and definition of an operating metric, a separate operating statement, and net asset classification—and how changes in net assets are presented (the degree of flexibility of presentation that should be afforded). The subgroup also will consider how to improve the cash flow statement, including its interrelationship with the statement of activities.
- “Telling the Story.” This group will consider potential improvements beyond the statement of activities and statement of cash flows—for example, an MD&A type of standard, segment reporting, a statement of functional expenses, and summarized financial statements.
- Liquidity/Financial Health. This group will consider potential improvements that could be made to better reflect liquidity or other key measures of financial health, on the balance sheet and/or the notes.
The working groups will develop proposals for discussion at the next NAC meeting, which is scheduled for Sept. 8–9 at FASB’s offices in Norwalk, Conn.
More from the JofA:
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Enhancing usability and patient experience in an inhaler platform
Improve the usability and user experience around an existing platform inhaler.
By exploring the potential patients’ and healthcare professionals’ needs through human factors and design research studies, we examined how users interacted with their treatments. This research was carried out in workshops, patients’ homes and healthcare professionals’ offices.
Developed a novel packaging system and expanded the scope of the initial brief to aid client’s development programme.
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Applied Dramaturgy Group Exercise:
Marisol by Jose Rivera
I first used the following applied dramaturgy exercise in an undergraduate theatre history course I taught at Emerson College. After a brief discussion of Marisol (the assigned reading for that day), the class was split into four groups, each with a separate assignment based on the text. Each group's task presupposes a hypothetical professional situation in which detailed knowledge of the source material would be essential for a positive outcome.
At the end of class, each group presented their work to their peers. They were required to cite specific examples from the text during their presentations to back up their choices.
This exercise can of course be easily adapted to many modern plays. As with any of the pedagogical materials on my site, I welcome any feedback from other educators who use any of my assignments.
Marisol Group Assignments
Group #1 - Preempting the Protests
You are administrative, production, and/or artistic staff members of a theatre company that is putting this play on as part of your season. Your theatre is located in a region with a population that is likely to take special offense to the content of this play. Give special thought to what might be shocking or offensive in this play in order to anticipate the substance of the protests. Address the community concerns you expect to face and discuss how you would tell those who will be offended by this material why it would still be important to produce.
Group #2 - The Movie Pitch
Pitch a film adaptation of this play. Why is now the time to produce this as a screen adaptation? What must be changed to make this work as a film? How would you add, delete, or expand scenes in the adaptation? Would there be extensive special effects? Of what sort? Cast the main roles and defend your choices.
Group #3 - The Prequel Mini-Series
Pitch an HBO made for TV mini-series a la Angels in America based on the lives and adventures of supporting characters from Marisol before the events of the play itself. The events of the series end the day before the play itself begins. What characters will you focus on? Where in time does it pick up? How do the characters get to where they are in the play? What evidence in the play supports your proposed character arc? Cast the main roles and defend your choices.
Group #4 - The Video Game
Describe a video game based on an aspect of this play as if instructing a group of Beta testers. You may model it on any well known game of any style. Discuss the structure of the game and how it is played. What are the player’s goals? What aspect of the plot is the basis of your game? Is it possible to win the game? How would that be accomplished?
This exercise was included in Volume 5 of the LMDA University Caucus SourceBook
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Way to Grow! Gardening: Composting – Word Search (3rd-5th)
After reading Way to Grow! Gardening: Composting by Rebecca Pettiford use this printable and interactive Word Search puzzle to extend student learning. Find and circle words across, down, and diagonally.
7 - 11
2nd - 5th
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What is it?
Mapping out what could go wrong, assessing the impact of the risk in terms of both the process and outcome, and determining how to manage risks.
The initial risk assessment involves identifying actual and potential risks so that these can be reduced as far as possible. Risks can be classified in a number of ways - for example, financial, technical, and socio-political
It is worth considering all potential hazards at the outset, irrespective of their perceived likelihood. Once the initial portfolio of risk has been identified, you can systematically consider them (and their reduction) in terms of both their probability and consequence
- Risks can be associated with the failure of the project to achieve its objectives, unintended negative effects on the target audience or other stakeholders, organisational for the core team and other interested parties, and changes in the broader environment - for example, the introduction of new government policy
- Risks may also be reputational, informational, or judgemental (especially where there is a low burden of proof). Each of these could expose you to the charge of unprofessional behaviour and therefore need to be considered fully at the outset
Some risks can be anticipated and prevented (or at least managed) while others are uncontrollable to a lesser or greater extent. The important thing is that to be forewarned is to be forearmed
An important element of the initial risk assessment is to identify the nature of risk and how it can be managed. It is also worth noting that identifying and managing risk is likely to be an on-going process
Why do this?
There are potential risks in any project. By developing a risk portfolio at the outset you will get a sense of their number and range.
The purpose of risk analysis is to identify what could go wrong, to assess how it could go wrong, and to determine how these risks can be managed. The risk assessment will:
- help to determine the adequacy of resources
- help to determine expertise requirements in the core team and advisory or steering group
- help to determine external expertise that may need to be recruited
- lead to more informed decision making, for example, in selecting appropriate interventions
- help prepare contingency plans
- help to avoid unpleasant surprises
How might you do this?
The initial risk assessment can be undertaken by the core team as it develops the challenge statement and initial timeline.
Some elements of risk will be known from experience. Some are general - for example, all projects have the potential to run out of time or over budget. Others may be specific to the particular issue or target audience, as when advertising campaigns aimed at reducing drug abuse among young people have the opposite effect. You need to identify areas where more information is needed, and be aware of previous related work – there is no point in re-inventing the wheel, particularly is someone else has already done a lot of the spade work. As new stakeholders become involved and new information becomes available, the initial risk assessment will be continually updated.
The following approach can be useful:
- Assess the types of risk which should be monitored
- Technical Risk - including failure to deliver and follow-on difficulties where completion is contingent on achieving milestones early in the project
- Financial Risk – may include cost overruns, reduction in budgets, professional indemnity risks
- Social/political Risk – may include changes in legislation/regulatory framework and other external factors which affect the target audience. For example, a programme aimed at reducing smoking in public places is now redundant, as UK legislation now forbids it
- Reputational risk – may cause damage to the organisation’s intangible assets or the reputation of members of the team. There might also be risks associated with professional indemnity
- Decide what actions can be taken to manage potential risks
Determine information needs
Information is required both to assess the level of risk (in terms of its probability and consequence) and to provide the basis for risk reduction and management
Allocate responsibility and timescales
It is important that team members have clear responsibilities for risk management and information collection to specified timescales.
As new information becomes available and decisions are made, the nature of potential risk may change. New risks may be identified and take priority.
Keep coming back to the risk assessment as the work develops. Some risks will become less important and new ones will emerge
- Try to identify a few key people and ask them who else they would recommend that you should talk to and/or other information you might want to access
Take time and care over the risk assessment as it can be a complex process
Getting it wrong is bad enough, but being accused of not spending enough time on the issue can be worse
- An initial risk assessment document
- Recognition of the main sources of risk involved
- Proposed actions for eliminating or reducing these risks
- A list of actions ascribed to individual team members to identify the information they need to gather
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The following information (Health Effects, Handling/Disposal, and Ingredients) is taken from the product label and/or the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) prepared by the manufacturer. The National Library of Medicine does not test products nor does it evaluate information from the product label or the MSDS. (What is an MSDS?)
From Label: CAUTION: Contents under pressure. Do not puncture or incinerate contents. Do not expose to heat or temperatures above 120 degrees F KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
Acute Health Effects:
From MSDS:Product is not a primary skin or eye irritant. Under normal consumer use and conditions, the likelihood of adverse health effects is low. Inhalation of large amounts of the propane/isobutane propellant in an enclosed area may induce anesthetic effects and feelings of euphoria. No medical conditions are know to be aggravated by exposure to this product.
Chronic Health Effects:
From MSDS:No information given.
None of the ingredients in the product are on the IARC, NTP or OSHA carcinogen list.
EYE CONTACT: Flush eyes thoroughly with plenty of water for 15 minutes. If irritation persists, get medical attention. SKIN CONTACT: Wash area with soap and water. If irritation persists, get medical attention. INGESTION: Drink glassful of water. Get prompt medical attention if effects occur. INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If breathing problems or irritation persist, get medical attention.
0 = Minimal; 1 = Slight; 2 = Moderate; 3 = Serious; 4 = Severe; N = No information provided by manufacturer; * = Chronic Health Hazard
Stable under normal use and conditions. Do not mix with acids or other cleaning products as hazardous gases may result. Wash hands with soap and water after use. Do not wear product-contaminated clothing for prolonged periods. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not smoke while using. Avoid eye and skin contact. Use product in well-ventilated area and avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Contents under pressure. Do not expose to heat or store at temperatures above 120
Dispose of in accordance with all applicable federal, state and local regulations.
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Simplifying Products and Quotients Involving Square Roots
The basic strategy here is to simplify any square roots that remain after the two expressions involving square roots are multiplied, or after one is divided by another. The simplification is assisted by removing perfect squares from the square roots, as illustrated previously in these notes.
We could start by simply multiplying the coefficients and multiplying the square roots to get
Now check to see if the square root can be simplified. Checking for perfect square factors in 900, we see immediately that
900 = 9 × 100 = (3 2 ) × (10 2 )
as the simplest form (with no square root at all remaining).
We could also have attempted to simplify the original square roots first before multiplying. This would have first given:
since . We got the same final result, of course using both methods.
In the case of division (or a quotient), it is usually more efficient to simplify the two square roots first. So here, we have
So, now we can write
We were able to cancel common factors in the numerator and denominator to reduce the final result to the simplest form indicated. This method of simplification of fractions is described and illustrated at greater length in the section of these notes dealing with fractions.
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Every day, horses all over the world are neglected or abandoned. Unfortunately, little is known about the reasons behind relinquishment due to a lack of accurate data. A group of equine professionals hopes to change that.
More than 30 equine experts and animal welfare enthusiasts gathered in May at the Unwanted Horse Summit, a conference held by the Morris Animal Foundation and designed to identify risk factors for horse relinquishment and develop intervention strategies. A similar approach was used in 1992 to address the issue of unwanted dogs and cats, and euthanasia numbers dropped about 75 percent from 1985 to 2005.
“Our hope is to utilize scientifically based approaches to determine the magnitude of the unwanted horse problem,” says Dr. Patricia Olson, president and CEO of the Morris Animal Foundation. “If we know why people give up their horses, we can identify measures to keep horses in their homes.”
A scientific advisory group that attended the summit will provide the foundation with a research plan to acquire relevant data.
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IN A NUTSHELL
- The White Rock Fund is a 501(c)3 non-profit foundation, providing grants to elderships of Churches of Christ for faithful teachers and preachers around the world.
- The Fund is supported by individuals Christians working together, combining their resources to fulfill the “Great Commission” of Jesus Christ.
- All monies are invested. Each year the trustees designate 12.5% of the total value of the Fund for mission work.
- Each recipient of a grant must provide assurance of faithfulnes to teaching the gospel. Only those who are loyal to Christ and His church are eligible for grants.
- Each trustee and administrator volunteers his time and energies to this work.
- The maximum amount of received contributions is used for preaching the gospel. The White Rock Fund does not pay property taxes or utilities; it provides no salary or other benefits to those who administer the Fund.
- Forty percent of the grants are designated for preaching the gospel in the northeastern U.S. Sixty percent is used elsewhere around the world.
- A copy of the Fund’s doctrinal statement is available upon request. Write:
The White Rock Fund
P.O. Box 180274
Dallas, Texas 75218
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
- WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
The White Rock Fund provides funding to Churches of Christ for mission opportunities in the United States and throughout the world.
- WHO CONTRIBUTES TO THE FUND?
The White Rock Fund is the work of individual Christians working together in support of mission work. Contributions are not solicited from the budgets of congregations.
- HOW IS THE MONEY MANAGED?
Strategic Financial Planning, Inc. Plano, Texas, manages the Fund’s assets. The principle is invested, and earned income distributed as grants. Each year 12.5% of the total value of The White Rock Fund is set aside as grants.
- WHO RECEIVES THE GRANTS?
Grants are provided to elderships of Churches of Christ for mission efforts. Priority is given for evangelizing major cities of the world.
- WHERE ARE THE GRANTS USED?
60% of the grants may be used for teaching anywhere in the world; 40% are designated for densely populated areas of the northeast U.S.
- WHAT ABOUT DOCTRINAL SOUNDNESS?
Recipients of grants must affirm loyalty to Bible teachings which identify the New Testament Church. Every legal provision has been made to insure that the Fund’s assets will always be used to teach the truth, and never used to teach error.
- WHO ARE THE DIRECTORS?
Trustees are active members of the churches of Christ. Christians across America serve as Advisors (see Trustees & Advisors section).
- ARE THERE TAX ADVANTAGES?
The White Rock Fund is a 501(c)(3) non-profit foundation. All contributions are tax deductible.
- IS THE FUND SUBJECT TO AN ANNUAL AUDIT?
PMB Helin Donovan, an audit and tax firm, conduct an annual audit of the White Rock Fund.
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Brief Communication: Removal of a Fractured Jackson-Pratt Drain Using Computerized Tomography-Guided Wire Localization
Surgical drain fracture is a rare but vexing postoperative complication. Drains provide egress of fluid and assist in tissue coaptation in deep soft-tissue wounds. During removal, a Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain may fracture if it is curled, pinched, over stretched, or inadvertently sutured. The fractured drain remains in situ, providing a nidus for infection. In order to remove the drain, surgeons historically re-explored the operative site, because the drain was difficult to locate by inspection or palpation. Re-exploration disrupts the healing wound and may increase recovery time. The difficulty of the retrieval is proportional to the depth of the drain.
Postoperative care of surgically repaired sacral decubiti involves appropriate wound care and complete rest for six weeks with or without air-fluidized beds.[4,5] This extensive period of healing without disruption would be interrupted by “blind” re-exploration, leading to an even lengthier recovery period.
Modern techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT)-guided wire localization, have made it possible to pinpoint precise anatomic locations in three dimensions that can then be easily identified intra-operatively. This technique has been used extensively in the diagnosis and treatment of breast, head, and neck lesions. It increases localization accuracy and minimizes the access incision needed to locate the surgical specimen. The authors suggest that CT-guided wire localization may be used to identify and assist in the removal of foreign bodies, such as fractured drains.
A 42-year-old paraplegic man presented with a stage 4 decubitus ulcer of the sacrum. The patient was planned for a surgical reconstruction with a unilateral V-to-Y gluteal flap followed by low-pressure bed treatment for an extended six-week period. After resection of the associated sacral decubitus ulcer with a resection of associated superficially necrotic bone, two deep drains were placed deep to the V-to-Y gluteal advancement flap. During the first four weeks, although the flap healed well, there was a persistent drainage of fluid that required continuous suction for four weeks. At this time, an attempt was made to remove one of the deep drains in the inferior base of the wound. (Figure 1). The drain was removed with difficulty. On examining the drain, it was found that the drain had fractured leaving an unknown length of drain in the wound. As the patient was already four weeks into a six-week program of pressure-reducing therapy in the low-pressure bed, it was decided that re-exploration of the wound would be detrimental to healing. Therefore, the patient was sent for a CT-needle-guided localization of the lost portion of the drain. The needle was guided through the previous incision site down to the deep portion of the wound, which was 7cm deep (Figure 2). This localization allowed precise orientation of the lost segment with regards to both depth and medial-to-lateral position. Using a 2.5cm minimal incision along the guide wire, the lost portion of the associated drain was removed without violating the entire flap. The patient then completed an additional two and a half weeks of low-pressure bed therapy. The wound healed without complication despite the additional opening up of the 2.5cm access site.
The removal of an iatrogenic-retained foreign body represents a difficult postsurgical complication. The foreign body must be removed in order to prevent infection and to permit adequate wound healing. Historically, the wound and the drain site were re-opened, explored, and the drain removed. The trauma to the surrounding tissue delayed wound healing and delayed patient recovery time. The goals for removal of a retained surgical drain should be removal of the retained segment in toto with minimal disruption of the healing tissue. The tenuous nature of the tissue following flap repair for sacral pressure sores necessitates minimal disruption.
There have been several case reports of fractured drains being removed with minimally invasive techniques. In one report, two fractured Penrose drains were removed from the retroperitoneal space and retrovesical space using fluoroscopic guidance and a surgical hemostat passed through a patent drain tract. In addition, two retained Jackson-Pratt drains have been retrieved using endoscopic techniques, a grasping forceps in one case and a Fogarty balloon in the second case. In this case, neither a fistula nor a patent drain tract was noted, rendering removal via either of the above means unfeasible.
CT-guided wire localization has also been used as an intra-operative tool to guide surgical dissection in the head and neck. In one case report, CT guidance allowed minimal and safe dissection with accurate localization and removal of a suspicious mass adjacent to the carotid artery. The neck had undergone a prior operation and irradiation, making the anatomy uncertain and traditional dissection dangerous. In another report, a foreign body was identified adjacent to the cervical spinal cord. Intra-operative palpation of tissue during “blind” surgical exploration would have endangered the patient. CT-guided wire localization allowed accurate dissection without collateral damage.
In this case, the retained drain segment was easily identified under CT, and a hook wire guide was introduced. The wire guide permitted use of a small 2.5cm access incision while increasing localization accuracy. The patient recovered post-operatively without incident and spent two and a half weeks on the low-pressure bed for a total of six and a half weeks, which was one half of a week more than originally planned. There was no adverse effect on the original flap repair and only a minimal increase in recovery time. This case illustrates an innovative application of a minimally invasive technique.
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The Chemical and Materials Science Center, within NREL's Materials and Chemical Science and Technology directorate, investigates materials and processes for converting sunlight into chemical and electrical energy and conducts theoretical studies and fundamental experimental research on optoelectronic materials. The center is led by Acting Director Jao van de Lagemaat.
The Center conducts its research within five groups:
Chemical and Nanoscale Science. The Chemical and Nanoscale Sciences Group helps to provide the nation with clean sources of energy by studying and developing novel and efficient ways to convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy (such as hydrogen) and light-generated electricity.
Theoretical Materials Science. The Theoretical Materials Science Group at NREL performs state-of-the-art theoretical calculations to develop scientific bases for selecting and optimizing materials used in modern optoelectronic devices. The group also works to enhance and accelerate advances in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Photovoltaic Program and DOE Basic Energy Sciences Program.
Materials Science. The Materials Science Group's research provides a knowledge base in materials science covering fundamental issues that impact photovoltaics, electrochromic ("smart") windows, high-temperature superconductors, hydrogen storage, and solid-state batteries.
Process Technology and Advanced Concepts. The Process Technology and Advanced Concepts Groupconducts research in organic photovoltaic cells, transparent conducting oxides, combinatorial methods, and atmospheric processing. The primary work focuses on photovoltaic cell research, but also includes application to organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film-transistor displays.
Hydrogen Technology and Fuel Cells. The Materials Science Group's research provides a knowledge base in materials science covering fundamental issues that impact photovoltaics, electrochromic ("smart") windows, high-temperature superconductors, hydrogen storage, and solid-state batteries.
For staff profiles, publications, and contact information, see the Chemical and Materials Science staff page.
The Materials and Chemical Science and Technology directorate is led by Associate Laboratory Director Bill Tumas, and comprises the Chemical and Material Sciences Center and the National Center for Photovoltaics.
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Kids Club 360 is an in-school before and after school childcare located in districts 2 and 8. Kids participate in fun and enriching activities.
- Life Skills
- Physical Activity / Outdoors
- Colorado Springs and surrounding areas
- Fee-Based with Partial Scholarships Available
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Bibtek download is not availble in the pre-proceeding
Guanhua Wang, Kehan Wang, Kenan Jiang, XIANGJUN LI, Ion Stoica
DNNs have revolutionized across a wide range of applications, such as image classification, speech recognition and robotics control. As DNN models become more computationally expensive to train, parallel execution with multiple accelerators (e.g. GPUs) is adopted. System efficiency is a big issue when scaling out. However, as computation power increases, GPUs are under-utilized mainly due to limited local memory size. To address this memory bound, we present Wavelet, an efficient and generic approach that can fully utilize all the available on-device memory among GPUs involved in the distributed training job. Wavelet achieves near optimal on-device memory usage by adopting a simple scheduling scheme called Tick-Tock, which interleaves waves of peak memory usage among the accelerators. Evaluations on a variety of DNN models and tasks show that, Wavelet trains models up to 6.7x faster than commonly used parallelism techniques.
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What Smart Stores Look Like
Forward-Thinking Retailers Depend on Agile, Dependable Networks More Than Ever
In retail, smart stores and connected everything have captured the attention of the public as well as the technology community. Retailers are leading the way in testing and implementing customer engagement and operations strategies that someday will be adopted across virtually all industries.
In turn, retail enterprises are moving away from legacy network technologies and toward solutions engineered for the complexities of IoT, high-bandwidth usage, and the fluctuating needs of companies that must be able to change direction on a dime.
Customer Engagement Technologies
One area ripe for testing and implementing smart retail technologies is customer engagement efforts. Today’s customers demand personalized, interactive experiences that seamlessly connect the online and in-store experience. Emerging smart store technologies are designed to strengthen and deepen the retailer’s relationship with the customer.
Examples of relationship-enhancing technologies include:
- Facial recognition technology: In-store cameras and video analytics software recognize a customer’s face and serve up offers customized to that individual’s preferences and buying history.
- Interactive mirrors: These smart mirrors allow customers to see how a certain clothing item would fit without ever trying it on. These mirrors also leverage RFID tracking to help capture customer behavior, recording data regarding how long customers spend in dressing rooms, how they behave when an item doesn’t fit, and which items they are most likely to purchase.
- Smart shelves: These devices recognize when customers pick up items and whether they put them back down, allowing retailers to gather behavioral data and make better decisions around pricing and merchandising.
- Robotics: Customer service robots greet customers as they enter stores, sometimes using facial recognition technology to deliver tailored messages. Robots can also be used to fetch and deliver items to customers.
- Seamless checkout: Using RFID and/or video analytics technology, retailers allow customers to check out without standing in line or even scanning items. Customers may use an app on their phones to confirm their purchases and pay.
Whereas customer-facing technologies help retailers increase revenue, operations-facing technologies reduce expenditures and improve efficiency.
Often, retailers adopt customer-facing technologies that can serve a dual operational purpose. Examples of emerging operational technologies include:
- Advanced HVAC and lighting controls: These systems can be programmed and controlled remotely. A more recent development in such systems is the ability to enable automatic adjustments based on exterior conditions such as temperature and weather. Some smart power controls can actually react to happenings on the power grid, such as rolling brownouts, and adjust accordingly.
- Advanced loss prevention: Retailers can use the same video analytics technology for both customer recognition — as outlined above — and retail loss prevention.
- Interactive digital signage: The same signage used to present varied content to customers can also be used for employee training and video conferencing.
- Robotics: Robots track and move merchandise in warehouses, allowing retailers to fulfill more online orders and more efficiently manage shipments to brick-and-mortar locations.
Cradlepoint 4G LTE Connected devices and software are available from Co-Star.
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Bruno Maçães’ “The Dawn of Eurasia” was a fun travelogue and meditation on geopolitics from the perspective of China, Russia, the European Union, and some of the border regions that lie between these powers. I actually enjoyed the vignettes a lot more than I thought I would- stories of his travels through the Eurasian badlands, notes about popular literature, local customs, and shopkeeper biographies. The title feels like last decade’s globalist common wisdom, but Maçães is not a European-triumphalist. The Eurasia that develops in this book is dynamic (in the value-neutral Cowen-esque sense of the word) and a little alien.
My interest in Turkey in particular is piqued. I was editing notes here about the beginnings of the Turkish realignment away from Europe and towards Russia while the news stream announced an abrupt US withdrawal from Syria. I also appreciated the take on infectious/ecological warfare.
- Defining the next World Order: The next multipolar order is far more interconnected than the traditional pre-European multipolar orders were. Influence flows are multidirectional, which sounds simple but has uncomfortable repercussions for 20c liberal ideals, European-style rules-based order, and national sovereignty in general. Wars are more like infections/infiltrations than clearly defined events in time and space.
- Distinguishing ‘Europe+Asia’ vs ‘Eurasia’: “Europe” is a historical idea that has re-fashioned itself a few times, usually as a contrast to foreign forces of some kind.
- The European Union: Europe will need to redefine itself again. In order to compete on the Eurasian supercontinental playing field, the idea of a European bloc is still useful and will be a necessary pole in the Eurasian network.
- Russia: A historically paranoid power practiced at balancing its identity between Europe and Asia, Russia is trying to play a hand in shaping its neighborhood as a regional power. A culturally distinct pole in the Eurasian network that is warily tying itself closer to Beijing, especially since Europe is suspicious of its armies and investment, and its natural gas is losing relevance as a playable card. The Russia-China relationship is an obviously significant edge, and is arguably the single most significant edge in determining the shape and characteristics of the new Eurasian order.
- China: Trying carefully to cultivate its influence without creating massive backlash from all of its neighbors. Adept at economic foreign policy due to significant state control of major economic actors in a massive domestic market. An undeniably significant node in the Eurasian network that is preparing for parity with the United States.
- Turkey: At the outer edge of, and increasingly at odds with, the EU. The shared concern of the refugee crisis masks the depth of this rift, but Turkey is not interested in shedding aspects of its identity to become Europeanized, and on particular issues- deposing Assad, neutralizing ISIS, standing up to Moscow- its interests are not aligned with Europe any longer. This shift has been very fast and recent. Detente has quickly been reached with Moscow, and Turkey has begun to separate itself from the West to pave its own way as a separate power and a bridge between civilizations.
- America: A separate and alien being, far away enough to disinterestedly reorganize its foreign policy to seek power optima with little interest in deep history. Globally, America is currently seen as the standard bearer for Western liberal values; however, Maçães argues that between liberalism and continued global hegemony, as economic power shifts away from the North Atlantic, the USA will rationally choose hegemony. He puts a bookmark here for later.
- India: I wanted more here, but Maçães appears to suggest that India has a journey ahead of it before joining the EU, Russia, and China as a major pole of the Eurasian Order.
- Hybrids and Borderlands: Central Asia stands to gain from the new order, as it did during the days of the Silk Road. Hong Kong and Singapore stand as successful hybrid children that are seen as models to emulate among the next generation of Eurasian city states. A lot of these sections were travelogues in the book, which I liked but don’t condense as easily as big theoretical geostrategic arguments.
- Reaction in the West: Notes from the brief epilogue on Trump & Brexit, framed as responses to global shifts from the center of the old Order.
Defining the next World Order
The grand geopolitical narrative of the Stratfor crew (G. Friedman, P. Zeihan) is that the hinge of the world shifted west to the North Atlantic in the 16th century, and then even further west to North America. We could loosely label these thinkers Mahanites, after Alfred Thayer Mahan, who argued that “control of the sea equals control of the world.” The United States is history’s greatest naval power, effectively controlling the Atlantic, the Pacific, and a significant chunk of the navigable waterways in between. Maritime powers are usually economic powers too, since water transport is probably the cheapest and most reliable method of moving good and people that there is.
There is another school of thought that we can call the Mackinderites, after Halford John Mackinder, who argued that “Who rules East Europe [Russian Europe] commands the Heartland. Who rules the Heartland commands the World- Island [Eurasia]. Who rules the World-Island commands the world.” This puts the ‘hinge of the world’ farther east than people around me are inclined to think.
“Dawn of Eurasia” author Bruno Maçães isn’t in the Mackinder camp, but he does see the coherent World-Island and believes in its renewed significance in the 21st century.
Note from the future: Bruno mentioned Mackinder in the interim between writing and posting:
Maçães doesn’t dispute that the center of economic and political activity is surely shifting back East. In another decade or so, at least 3 of the 5 largest economies will be Asian (China, Japan, India, and aside from the USA the fifth slot is not clear- Indonesia, he reckons, but also offers Germany, Russia, and Brazil). However, Asia does not see itself as a coherent actor like the West does, so this is not a self-aware “Asian Order”. This is the setting of a multipolar order, which is a return to the past but with the twist of much more global interdependence.
Eurasian politics has replaced European politics. One hundred years ago every important global development was a product of the interplay between different European powers. Often the rest of the world found itself drawn to the dynamics of European great-power rivalry, including on the crucial matter of war and peace. Within individual European nations the most important questions were themselves a reflection of the contest waged on the continental stage. Today those dynamics take place at a different level, between several Eurasian powers.
Maçães argues that we are moving from unidirectional influence (Western hegemony) to a Eurasian model of bidirectional continental flows between at least three major powers- the EU, Russia, and China (and one day India as well)- where the Eurasian borderlands will become either transaction nodes (for transfer of politics, markets, and ideas), or disputed zones.
This has implications for the future (or, really, the present) of international great power conflict:
Gone are the certainties of the past, when rivalry and conflict relied on a clear distinction between the states of war and peace. Conflict in our time starts from the fact of deep integration. The different sides are so deeply connected through political, economic and technical links that no clear borders can be drawn and everyone is, in a way, present inside the enemy camp, and will try to weaken his forces from within. The image of conflict is no longer that of battling warriors but of species competing for the same ecosystem, struggling forces which are at the same time part of a single system.
And the weapons, just as in the case of competing species, tend to be insidious: false signalling [sic], mimicry, deception, poison and that old favourite of natural selection, sapping the energy of an adversary by directly accessing its vital flows or subverting its nervous system.”
The role of non-military means of achieving political and strategic goals has grown, and, in many cases, they have actually exceeded the power of weapons in their effectiveness
Other non-military tactics include the purchase of infrastructure in other states, the corruption or blackmail of foreign officials, and the manipulation of energy flows or energy prices, all of them magnified in an integrated global economy.
Or, as was only really brought to my attention recently, the actual weaponization of human migration flows.
If your goal is to manage border flows, then you cannot think of borders as closed limits. They are transition points, but most of the flows you can only manage if you act at the origin and thus outside your territory. Often there is a temporal relation between foreign and domestic politics, whereby crises and challenges unaddressed by an active foreign policy later arise in the domestic context. If the European Union turned in recent years from an exporter of stability to an importer of instability that may well be because it did not take the former role seriously enough. Even if Europe wanted to repeat the Cold War model of containment, it would no longer be appropriate to a world increasingly connected, where borders are no longer barriers to state action and successful countries are quite able to project their power almost anywhere on the globe.
Distinguishing ‘Europe+Asia’ vs ‘Eurasia’
Backing up to what Eurasia means for the author.
Europe is a construct, not a continent- it is not quite Christendom and does not match the outlines of the Roman Empire, either. To be European, in the particular time that this idea of Europe was born, was to have broken away from some pre-existing natural order, to have mastered Technology and Progress and risen above the civilizations of the other three known continents.
Europe is both an identity and a peninsula of the Asian continent. The idea of Asia (as a cultural category, rather than a continent) is European, as before the idea was imposed there was no fellow-feeling between China, Arabia, India, or Japan all collectively. To the early-modern European imagination, these were just places where time moved slower, places for farmers rather than urbanites, or for despots instead of liberty. Eventually Europeans came to prefer the term Western, signaling a universality of liberal Enlightenment ideals. By the beginning of the 20th century, some Asians began to believe in Asia. In March 1885, Fukuzawa Yukichi, an architect of the Meiji restoration, published an editorial about the plan for Japanese modernization, titled “Depart From Asia”.
[T]he distinction between Europe and Asia rested on nothing more solid than the fact that for a number of centuries Europe was modern, while Asia remained traditional. The distinction was not really about Europe and Asia but about two kinds of society or, better yet, two concepts of time. With the fast embrace of modernity outside Europe, the distinction was destined to disappear.
Hegel was the first to consider that Europeans might in fact be capable of performing the miracle of reaching the end of historical development. For John Stuart Mill this already appeared less as a dream and more as a nightmare. He worried that Europe was about to be reabsorbed into Asia. As he puts it in his 1859 classic On Liberty, there was a real possibility that Europe could become like China [the ‘oldest civilization’]. We have a warning example in China, he wrote: they have become stationary and have remained so for thousands of years.
Alexander Herzen, writing soon after, made a rather striking discovery: the greatness of European culture was bound to disappear because all its achievements had already been concluded and there was nothing left to do.
In the popular imagination, the relationship between a progressing Europe and a stagnant Asia appears to have reversed, with Europe as the stodgy civilization increasingly reluctant to change.
The British journalist and academic Martin Jacques suggests that the crucial element is the speed of transformation. Because East Asian societies were forced to catch up with the West in a short time span, they developed an experience of change which is structurally different from that which one has in Europe or the United States.
As noted before, Mackinder (1904) recognized the whole World-Island and that Europe’s existence as a concept only makes sense in the presence of outside pressure or threat. Marshall Hodgson (1963) argued that the Europe/Asia distinction is one of the least useful lines one can draw across Eurasia. Instead, perhaps the line belongs between China and the rest- the interplay between Greek culture and thought, Middle Eastern philosophy and religion, and the centrality of Christianity to western Eurasia is a clear example of the interconnectedness of the non-Chinese side of the continent.
The European Union
Maçães’ argues that the big failure of imagination is that the flattening of the world necessarily means global conformation to a self-evident and natural liberal order.
Europe’s impersonal approach to rules could be attributed to habit. For a few centuries now, state actors outside of Europe had to ‘respond’ to European influences by either accepting them or risk being overrun economically, technologically, militarily, and ideologically. Europe, for its part, did not need to ‘respond’ in kind to peripheral states (except as resources of other European rivals). This dynamic still continues in global markets, although less dominantly: The EU has the world’s largest internal market and fairly strict standards. Foreign companies wishing to take part in the market must comply, and either make their products EU-compliant or have a separate EU-compliant version of their product. The former is easier. Then, in order to be competitive in their home market, these same companies will tend to lobby for similar regulations at home as well, shaping non-European markets into a more EU-compliant shape.
Europe takes its theater of impersonality as a truth:
The European Union is not ‘meant’ [quote marks mine] to make political decisions. What it tries to do is develop a system of rules to be applied more or less autonomously to a highly complex political and social reality. Once in place, these rules can be left to operate without human intervention. Of course, the system will need regular and periodic maintenance, much like a robot needs repair, but the point is to create a system of rules that can work on their own. We have entered the end of history in the sense that the repetitive and routine application of a system of rules will have replaced human decision.
There was a broad belief after Europe began giving up on global colonial ambitions that the world had embraced European rules and ideas- while they won’t be abandoned, the new political orders will be different animals.
Despite its troubles, Europe isn’t likely to face apocalypse, though, including as an idea and a bloc:
Why must we in the end replace the old European states with a larger political and economic unit? Because as national states they cannot compete against the other key players on the Eurasian chessboard that far exceed them in size. The more we move towards a multipolar world constituted by large powers, the more European states will have to recognize that it is simply impossible for them to deal on equal terms with countries like China and India. Europe consists only of small countries. Some of these countries know this very well, others have not entirely come to terms with the fact.
Once again, response to outside pressure presents an opportunity to define the union of European states.
If you talk to policymakers in Moscow they will tell you that Russia, not Europe, knows how world politics works. Europeans live in an imaginary world just of their own, Russians live in the real world. Europeans are parochial, Russians abide by the more or less universal rules of power politics.
The Russian worldview:
- Globalization benefits those who have set the rules. Vladislav Surkov ( a writer I have a half-written post on already) claims that sovereignty is the political equivalent of economic competitiveness. “States compete for market share in the global economy.”
- The Putin/Surkov lens organizes the world in larger blocs than nation-states, which is why force projection is so vital. “You cannot resist the pressures that come from the world order. So either the world order will come to mirror some elements of the contemporary Russian regime, or Russia will mirror the liberal, Western political order.”
Russia does not want to replace the liberal world order with a world without rules, but it does believe that such a world is the natural state of mankind and, therefore, that chaos is only to be avoided by the creative exercise of power by a strong sovereign. This is the case for international affairs no less than for domestic politics. Chaos is never completely left behind. It continues to exist just beneath the veneer of civilization and the role of the sovereign consists in its proper management, so that it does not break up to the surface. Putin has always thought that a genuine democracy is not possible in Russia because those in power would never survive being stripped of it. His apprenticeship years were less the last Soviet period than the ruthless politics of the Yeltsin era, when the President was on two or three occasions fighting for his physical survival.
Russia’s Place in Eurasia
In “What is Asia to Us?” Dostoevsky imagines that Russia should have made a deal with Napoleon, that he can have Europe and they Asia.
“For, in truth, Asia for us is that same America which we still have not discovered”
Saving Europe from itself by pushing back Napoleon did not grant Russia Europe’s love and full membership.
“In Europe we were Tatars, […] while in Asia we are the Europeans.”
It is not a coincidence that the borderlands between Europe and Russia increasingly seem like areas of darkness and chaos. These are areas which remain in the balance between two concepts of political order, and to remain genuinely in the balance is to fail to incorporate any of those concepts and thus to remain politically amorphous. Russia certainly sees its task in just these terms, and is trying to create an empty canvas as a first step in its redrawing plans. There is no path from one concept of political order to a different one that does not first pass through a state of disorder.
The author spends some time discussing Russia’s dual identity as a European or an Asian nation – or some third thing. Russia has a tradition of thought called Eurasianism already, and it could mean either (1) the supercontinent of both Europe and Asia or (2) A special landmass between Europe and Asia that is the landscape of the greater Russian state. The Eurasian Economic Union is not merely a nostalgic project to rebuild the Soviet Union borders- it’s a buffer against European or Asian (e.g. Chinese) projection. Russia frequently self-defines as “neither European nor Asian”.
Rising tension resulting from the Ukraine crisis and other border region conflicts has moved Moscow closer to Beijing as an investment partner, in exchange for resources. China’s power projection across Central Asia and Russia itself causes justifiable Russian anxiety.
Russian officials will never say it in public, but in private they confess to increasing worries about Chinese encirclement. This has to do with the struggle for power and influence in Central Asia, but also with a clear inversion of roles. Until now Russia always played the role of technological and industrial powerhouse in Asia, while China remained a commodity economy, perhaps a source of foodstuffs for the industrial countries.
What happens at one end of the supercontinent now has a direct impact on the other end. [S]oon after the outset of the Ukraine crisis, one Chinese general noted that Ukraine was buying China ten extra years to prepare for its global confrontation with the United States [due to the US getting] distracted with a lesser rival.
As China keeps rising – most Chinese prefer to say ‘recovering’ – it inevitably sees its global role as a geopolitical condominium with the United States, where the two countries gradually approach parity in all dimensions of international power and start to share responsibilities for managing the global order.
Maçães posits that most flavors of 20th century totalitarianism can be seen as particular responses to the “Western Question”. Germany, Japan, and the USSR saw themselves as requiring a response to the foreign agent of liberalism (‘inferior’ and/or ‘decadent’ British commerce and French liberty, which were argued to be separable from the undeniable power of Britain and French states and markets). In practice, fascism and communism both attempted to take the power-generating elements of Western society and replace the rest of the ideological dressings. While indigenous ideologies had little chance to be taken seriously, importing alternative Western products like communism afforded Russia with intellectual legitimacy and an opportunity to append ‘Russian characteristics’. As with China:
China has learned from the communist international movement that any challenge to the West must be carried out on Western grounds. […] Mao urged the Chinese people to ‘smash the four olds’: old customs, old culture, old ideas and old habits. […]’. Chinese leaders are still convinced of the usefulness of Marxist materialism, even if the predominance of the forces of production over political and cultural values may now be based on different arguments: in my conversations with Chinese officials that predominance was more often justified with reference to traditional Chinese pragmatism or neo-classical economics.
Xi now talks in terms of an amorphous “Chinese Dream”:
[It can be said that the] Chinese dream plays the same role that Marxism used to play, having taken the image of overcoming Western domination to a new and more original level. China now feels so confident in its own capacities that it no longer needs to clothe its historical trajectory in the language of revolt or revolution. It may now aspire to the noble and romantic posture of the dreamer, just like the United States was able to develop the notion of the ‘American dream’ when it was on its way to world domination. Contrary to previous political slogans in China, the Chinese Dream is multilayered, ambiguous and abstract. Like every modern political concept, it remains open-ended. […] None of these goals is to be attained through individual striving. They are presented as the set of possibilities which a strong state can realize.
A recent document denounced those who conflate the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation with West-imported ‘constitutional dreams’ or any concept of universal “Western values”.
The author is challenged by a Chinese intellectual when asked about the political implications of the Belt and Road:
“Do you think that is just the public doctrine? Do you think there is a secret doctrine which is not in the document? That is impossible. China is a very big country with many regional and local governments. Imagine the confusion if they were told one thing and expected to do something else.”
The author responds that Belt and Road cannot be described entirely in terms of economic value. Is that meant to mean that economic values are universal, that there are no political or cultural considerations? Is there no theory involved in these considerations?
“Deng Xiaoping said that practice is the test of truth. 实践是检验真理的唯一标准. So you see, practice should lead us. We seek the truth from facts, proceed from reality and not from theories.”
The author again:
The victorious troops begin by winning and only then engage in battle; the defeated begin by engaging in battle and only then try to win.
Drawing on this tradition, modern China is developing a new constellation of political values centred on state capacity and efficiency: since policy goals are obtained from the practical situation rather than an idealized picture, their realization is seen as inevitable. The different action schemas thus seem to be fully preserved in the European and Chinese varieties of modern politics.
Repression is not obvious, but that is because everyone feels responsible for patrolling what happens under their watch. If a certain university class, or art gallery, or regional newspaper allows a forbidden or inconvenient message to appear in public, the person in charge will take the blame not so much for a political failing as for an intellectual one, a failure of judgement and anticipation which cannot but bode poorly for his or her career.
Applied to foreign policy:
The Chinese strategy of using economic power to pursue foreign policy goals has a number of advantages. First, China is so dependent on its integration with the world economy that every source of disruption must be minimized. A more direct and forceful use of state power would carry enormous risks of disrupting, or maybe even severing, the external ties supporting Chinese economic growth and stability. Economic power, by contrast, is embedded within the world economy and provides Chinese authorities with a very high degree of ambiguity and deniability. Second, economic statecraft is something for which China is particularly suited. On the one hand, the size of the Chinese market gives it enormous clout. On the other, state control over economic agents allows the Chinese state to marshal the private sector in the service of its own strategic goals. [T]he European Union has no such ability, and therefore its economic statecraft has to work in even subtler ways.
Ankara’s relationship with Brussels has been deteriorating for years, but the mutual need to address the refugee crisis has sublimated this issue. As Maçães has argued, Europeans generally wish to mentor Turkey into becoming more European, but like America and Russia, Turkey has specific issues that Europe (or Becoming European) cannot necessarily help them with. Geopolitical interests are diverging: Western pressure to depose Assad, contain ISIS, and to confront Russia is treated with increasing suspicion, because the West has been either to weak or too irresolute to project power themselves, leaving Turkey to do the dirty work. The 2016 coup attempt that was blamed on the Gülen movement was also attributed by Erdoğan to a ‘superior spirit’ operating above him- code for the West. (Despite being a religious conservative, Gülen apparently aligned with the West on foreign policy and believes in the role of education and free markets, marrying Islamic and Western values.)
But with the conflict with Erdoğan becoming gradually more intense, the feeling was that a final confrontation was approaching and the putschists wanted to be the first to make the decisive move. It is clear that rumours about an impending coup were circulating widely before July and that a purge of the army was scheduled for the late summer. During the same period, Turkey had been engulfed by successive shifts in its foreign policy orientation, causing much anguish and agitation. And that is the context in which the coup should be interpreted. Upheaval of this sort only happens when a country is deeply divided, but divisions inside Turkey were now less about secularism and religion than about the even older debate about Europe and Asia.
In a very short amount of time, Ankara made amends with Moscow. While Russia was once a source of Western influence on the Ottoman empire, modern Russia pulls Turkey slightly away from the EU orbit. Maçães points out that Russia is no longer large and rich enough to be a significant threat to Turkey; large Tatar and Muslim minorities inside of Russia are also an avenue to internal conflict in Russia in the event of hostilities as well. Some inside Turkey seek more alignment to China and Russia to offset European power and chart its own course, and broadly Turkey sees itself as a vital bridge between civilizations with its own interests.
Seen from Brussels, Turkish membership should be defined in the same way: a first but vital step towards turning the European Union into a Eurasian superpower.
Already in 2002, General Tuncer Kilinç of the National Security Council suggested that Turkey should forge a new alliance with Russia and Iran against Europe. At the time this was still a new idea, unpalatable to most, but that is no longer the case today. Once relatively marginal figures advocating such a realignment came closer to the mainstream, and slowly coalesced around a specific intellectual movement: Avrasyacılık – Eurasianism.
Traditionally, when discussing questions of national identity, Turkish intellectuals pointed to one of three directions: Europe to the west, Islam to the south and the Turkic nations in the Caucasus and Central Asia to the east.
On recently released political prisoner and chief Turkish Eurasianist, Vatan Party Chairman Doğu Perinçek:
In recent months his fortunes have abruptly changed. Now he is accused by some in the Turkish press of being Erdoğan’s éminence grise and plotting to overturn a century of Turkish orientation towards Europe and America.
While not a significant player electorally, the Vatan Party enjoys influence in military and intellectual circles. Maçães met with Perinçek:
Pointing at me, he noted that the age of European civilization started by the Portuguese and Spaniards had now come to an end. ‘It is China which is leading the world economy now.’ The earliest birth pangs of the new order were for him the three twentieth-century revolutions in Russia, Turkey and China, as the inheritors of three great empires started to look for a new, independent path.
Perinçek openly believes that the Gulen coup was orchestrated by the USA. He claims that US support of Kurdish and terrorist groups are aimed at destabilizing Turkey. He quotes Atatürk in claiming that Turkey is an Asiatic country that must break from the Atlantic world to sit rightfully at a central pole of the new re-emeging Eurasian order.
I could not help asking why he still calls himself a Eurasianist rather than, say, an Asianist. There are two reasons, [Perinçek] said. First, a practical one: Turkey cannot simply break with the European Union, with which it has developed very deep economic links. The second reason is more interesting: “We consider ourselves heirs to the French Revolution. Without Europe there would be no revolutionary tradition. There would be no Enlightenment”
America the Mimic
As a child of the Enlightenment, the US would embrace the most universal and advanced principles available, no doubt as a way to ride the crest of history and grow into the role of a powerful nation, in time the most powerful nation on earth. At the time of its rise those principles happened to be European. Does this mean that Americans will tend to mirror the global order and, therefore, that at a time when the global order is no longer infused with European values, we shall see the United States become increasingly less European?
From the moment after World War 2, when the USA took stewardship over Europe, its interests diverged from these European nations, e.g. by being initially responsible for responding to rogue states and coordinating against other threats.
Maçães claims that after all, in a choice between global primacy and Western/liberal principles, America is likely to choose continued global primacy. He calls the New World a “mirror reflection [Eurasia’s] political and geographical realities”. Later, he imagines the United States as a “high-precision compass designed to track the movement of the world’s centre of gravity and adapt its foreign policy accordingly”. In 1945 the average location of economic activity was in the North Atlantic, but by 2000 it was east of the European Union’s border. By 2030, on the border between Europe and Asia, likely picking up speed. By 2050, between India and China.
This is an argument that I find deeply interesting. Maçães might even find commonality with the Archdruid here- America and the broader New World is culturally still extremely young and may be generations or even centuries away from self-awareness as a distinct civilization that is much less recognizably ‘Western’.
Note from the future: it seems he’s writing a book on the topic.
There isn’t much about India as a country. Online and in Mumbai, there is a sense that India is much further along as a developed nation than the international community (or I, some layperson from elsewhere) might contend. Maçães also believes that India’s time is a bit further in the future as a major pole in the Eurasian order, although doubtless its influence is already measurable due to its sheer size and position near key trade paths.
When I ask [an Indian-born shopkeeper in China] about the differences between India and China, he thinks for a moment and then settles on one main difference: ‘[In China] you get rich by helping everyone along the chain make money. You need the chain to be there tomorrow. In India no one can afford to think about tomorrow and so no one thinks about the other people along the chain.
It is as a sea power that India can become the central node between the far ends of the new supercontinent. Given their size and proximity, China and India are bound to develop the world’s largest trading relationship and this will have to be based on gigantic infrastructure plans along the Indian Ocean coastline. Likewise, if the next few decades witness a naval conflict between China and the United States that conflict will more likely be centred in the Indian Ocean than the Pacific, thanks to its greater strategic importance, and in that case India and the Indian navy will be a decisive factor.
Hybrids and Borderlands
In the past, the steppes of Central Asia were the place where new civilizations were born, and where old ones would sometimes come to die. There’s a lot of history in Khorgas. But no past. There are no ruins, no mazars or old minarets. What you’ll see there is the future.
The author argues thats Istanbul, Kyiv, and Baku already see themselves as as fundamentally Eurasian (despite their present-day political uncertainties). The early exemplars of successful ideologically ‘Eurasia’ polities he puts forward are Hong Kong and Singapore, two laboratories of mixing British colonial influences and local self-interested stewardship.
Reaction in the West
US and UK self-disruption are arguably an early response in the center of the old Order to new global powers that can’t be limited or controlled. Trump, for his part, has proven remarkably consistent in his concern about China. His inauguration speech did not focus on universal liberal values like freedom and democracy, instead focusing on loyalty to country, new infrastructure, and being a respected world leader.
“In a speech in Warsaw in July 2017, Trump presented a radically new image of the West: not triumphant but under attack and capable of promising, not final victory, but the will to resist. ‘The fundamental question of our time is whether the West has the will to survive. Do we have the confidence in our values to defend them at any cost? Do we have enough respect for our citizens to protect our borders? Do we have the desire and the courage to preserve our civilization in the face of those who would subvert and destroy it?’ His response seemed poised between three alternatives. First, a return to first principles, those governing the United States at the time of its greatest power, while abandoning more recent deviations from those core principles. Second, a substantial revision of the American liberal political tradition, seen as no longer capable of responding to global threats and challenges. Third, a view of the world as a dangerous place that must be kept out and from which Americans need to be protected.”
The author makes an analogy to other reactionary shifts from the leading powers in the global order:
Until the eighteenth century the course of history still seemed to be favouring the great Muslim empires, and the ruling Ottoman, Safavid or Mughal elites certainly never entertained any other possibility. When the shock arrived, in the form of a string of military defeats and growing trade dependence [to Europe], no one was prepared and the initial reaction was to wait for the storm to pass, while remaining faithful to traditional habits and principles.
Two main strands of reaction were eventually considered. First, there was a call to purify Muslim society from later influences and deviations. The origin of the Wahhabi radical reinterpretation of Islam dates from this moment. The second response, moving in the opposite direction, was to try to reform Muslim society, to address its perceived weaknesses and to appropriate some European ideas, at least in the area of military technology.
In both of these cases, the Muslim and Chinese worlds were faced with a new kind of civilization, carrying all the secrets of modern science, which at first must have looked like supernatural powers. The challenge for Europeans and Americans in our own time is of a different nature. First of all, it takes place in the arena of democratic politics, where every change in the international balance of power is felt more quickly and more deeply. Second, the new world order towards which we are moving is not one where there is a clear centre, but rather one distinguished by the search for balance between different poles.
On Britain specifically:
More significantly, the United Kingdom would be trying to emulate the way in which Singapore was quickly able to replace access to the Malaysian hinterland with trade and investment links with more distant markets. Just as Singapore became an Asian country more deeply connected with Europe and the United States than with its Asian neighbours, Britain could in just a couple of decades try to expand its links with the dominant economies of the twenty-first century: China, India and Indonesia. As the Financial Times editor Lionel Barber put it in a conference in Tokyo shortly after the referendum, does Brexit offer Britain new opportunities as an agile trading nation, ‘a giant Atlantic Singapore’? Is a new Eurasian capital being born on the shores of the Thames? It would be perhaps a proper ending to our story, as the country most responsible for taking European ideas to Asia becomes a new host for Asian ideas in Europe.
- The Dawn of Eurasia
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Design progress clock for international website
- Status: Closed
- Hadiah: $250
- Penyertaan diterima: 15
- Pemenang: ovodesign
We need a progress clock for our residential project website.
The progress page display 2 progresses. 1st is the progress of the building project. (phase # + percentage) 2nd is the progress of the current construction phase. (phase name + percentage)
There are 8 main phases in the project.
4 options for re-design:
1. keep the same design as in file " [login to view URL] ". you can change the colors of all elements in the progress clock. Please do not change the font style used, if you wish you can change the text size, color, effects. (gradients can be a good idea)
2. In addition to option 1. You can keep the same clock style (design layout: outer circle and small inner circle on lower part). You can change the design of outer and inner circle bars, even the outer inner circle clock, and use another style. (i included an example in file 'progress [login to view URL]' where the inner circle was different in earlier versions)
3. in addition to option 1 & 2. You can adjust each of the element's location and/or position. And change any of the design. However, the general design style must be respected. (outer and smaller inner circle)
4. You can create a completely new progress clock design. (keep in mind the 2 progress measures needed and 8 main phases)
*** We would like to possibly see gradients effects. Keep in mind there will be some animation effect. You are all welcome to elaborate on animation if you would like. ***
all files can be found in dropbox: [login to view URL]
Good luck and if you have any questions please ask !!!
Maklum balas Majikan
“This freelancer has some unique and good talent. ”
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Showing the single result
Showing the single result
A pulse oximeter is a device created for the non-invasive measurement of arterial blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate. The pulse oximeter, which is used for assess the oxygen status of patients in a variety of medical settings, has become a gradually more common piece of monitoring apparatus. It gives continuous, non-invasive observation of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood. Its results are efficient with each pulse wave. It is considered to be a painless, general indicator of oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues such as the finger, nose or earlobe.
Pulse oximeter utilizes the light absorptive character of hemoglobin and the vivacious nature of blood flow in the arteries to aid in determining the oxygenation position in the body. First, there is a color difference between arterial hemoglobin drenched with oxygen, which is bright red in color, and venous hemoglobin without oxygen, which is dark in color.
Secondly, with each pounding or heartbeat there is a little increase in the volume of blood flowing all the way through the arteries. Because of the enhanced blood volume, although small, there is an associated increase in oxygen-rich hemoglobin. This symbolizes the maximum amount of oxygen-rich hemoglobin pulsating through the blood vessels.
1. Speed:- Pulse oximeter measures a patient’s arterial saturation of oxygen in seconds; measurements obtained from arterial blood gases (ABG) can take some minutes to obtain and are usually drawn by a respiratory analyst, sent to the blood gas lab, calculated and as a final point reported back to the doctor. The information from an ABG analysis gives for more information than just the oxygen level and is essential in only emergencies, but oximeter helps in ensuring the patient does not suffer the effects of hypoxia unreasonably.
2. Accurate and Easy to Use:- Pulse oximeters are precise with most patients, particularly in crisis situations where seconds also matter. Most oximeters of one button operation and as long as the probe is placed correctly, virtually anyone can use it. The latest generation of oximeters is sleek, rugged and even easier to use. Moreover, they are now available for home usage.
3. Non-Invasive and Reliable:- Pulse oximeter performs on a fingertip and measures through the nail-bed. If the oximeter is used properly and is calibrated regularly, it is easy to use and very reliable. Good peripheral circulation in the patient’s extremities is important to obtaining precise readings and most oximeters in the market integrate a perfusion gauge that shows the strength of the patient’s peripheral circulation. When a strong pulse is not there in the hands or else feet, readings is made with a special glue probe placed on the patient’s earlobe or even the bridge of the nose.
1. Equinox Pulse Oximeter (EQ-OP-11):- This is an easy-to-use, suitable device that keeps a track of heart and lungs performance. It comes with an LED screen and 4-directional rotational system for an apparent view. Equinox Pulse Oximeter is perfect to monitor any signs of sickness and is portable in size and durable in nature.
2. Easy Care Finger Tip Pulse Oximeter:- This Oximeter is an innovative way to keep a track of heart beats and oxygen levels. It is easily handy and light in weight. It is compact meter that provides accurate results of pulse rate and oxygen levels. It is mainly suggested for people who have asthma or COPD conditions.
3. Niscomed Fingertip Pulse Oximeter FPO-50:- The Niscomed FPO-50 pulse oximeter has been perfectly created to verify and read the pulse rate and oxygen percentage in your blood in the comfort of your own home. It is a fingertip oximeter that requires to be clipped onto your fingers and if possible your index finger for the light sensors in the oximeter to speedily and accurately sense and calculate the saturated oxygen in your blood.
Pulse-oximeter has proven clinical value in Emergency Departments and ICU’s. Patients with serious cardiac condition would often experience low SpO2 levels. Oximeters would help them to monitor their situation and use additional oxygen when essential. Plethgraph formed by a pulse oximeter shows the change in blood volume during a heart pulse is often a good indication of certain heart conditions. Pilots, mountain climbers and people in high altitudes also use pulse oximeters to help guard against hypoxia.
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Arthritis is a joint disease accompanied by an inflammatory process. The disease causes pain that increases during movement. In the treatment of arthritis, not the last place is a diet aimed at reducing the intensity of symptoms and improving overall health. It is enough to give up some products to recover faster.
Treatment and nutrition for arthritis
Both concepts are inextricably linked. Unable to secure effective treatment for arthritis, if you do not follow a special diet. With the help of drug therapy, you can reduce the intensity of symptoms, but the disease after a time will make itself felt if you do not adhere to proper nutrition. The treatment regimen, as well as the diet, is made by the doctor. Also in conjunction with the above helps Ayurveda.
What should not be consumed?
If you limit your diet, you can reduce the pain and inflammation, swelling, which are constant companions in arthritis (fingers, hands, feet, knee and ankle, big toe). Under the ban is all food from fast food, alcoholic beverages, dishes with a high salt content (it can be deposited in the joints, which will lead to a complication of the disease).
It is Undesirable to use in the menu food with concentrated sugar, which is the cause of excess weight and joint deformation. Due to the content of animal products arachidonic acid, leading to inflammatory processes, their use is also not recommended.
What foods not to eat with arthritis?
The forbidden ingredients in this disease include:
- meat dishes;
- alcoholic and energy drinks;
- chips, crackers and other products containing TRANS fats;
- egg yolk;
- cod liver;
- alcoholic beverages;
- strong coffee and tea;
Eggplant and tomatoes should be excluded From vegetables.
Note: it is Especially important to follow a diet when arthritis is in the acute stage. But in the future it is not necessary to let the disease take its course.
A period of exacerbation is allowed to use dairy products (milk is not recommended), black beans, almonds, salmon, apples, ginger, porridge, vegetables. Necessarily in the diet of fish presence. Allowed the use of meat in remission, but preference should be given to rabbit and chicken.
Menu on week under arthritis
Below is an approximate menu for the week.
- Breakfast – fruits, tea.
- Second Breakfast – vegetable-based broth.
- Lunch – vegetable salad with lemon juice, light barley soup, beans with salmon in stew, plums.
- Dinner – salad with parsnip and beetroot.
- Breakfast – fruits, herbal tea.
- Second Breakfast – boiled egg white.
- Lunch – vegetable soup, salad and meat cutlets, berries.
- Dinner – salad from carrot and beet, cottage cheese casserole.
- Breakfast - porridge and green tea.
- Second Breakfast – baked Apple.
- Lunch – easy soup, meatballs, salad from cabbage, compote.
- Dinner – cauliflower and steamed chicken.
- Breakfast – fruit and tea.
- Second Breakfast – cottage cheese casserole.
- Lunch – fish soup, vegetable salad, beans in stewed form.
- Dinner – baked potatoes, fish cutlets, compote.
- Breakfast – an egg-white omelette, fruit and green tea.
- Second Breakfast – apple.
- Lunch – beetroot soup, rabbit in Teschen, the compote.
- Dinner – boiled pink salmon, green beans, Morse.
- Breakfast - sauerkraut and buckwheat porridge.
- Second Breakfast – berries.
- Lunch – soup on vegetable broth, salad, rice with chicken fillet, compote.
- Dinner – cheesecake, green tea.
- Breakfast – boiled protein, tea.
- Second Breakfast – fruit.
- Lunch – soup, boiled chicken breast, potatoes, juice.
- Dinner – buckwheat porridge with fish, dried fruit compote.
It is recommended To drink a glass of yogurt or yogurt before going to bed.
Norman Childers Diet
The Essence of nutrition by the Norman method Childers is completely excluded from the diet of nightshade (potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and others). It was found that their composition includes substances that are similar in effect to the drug. Norman Childers offers everyone who wants to avoid or get rid of arthritis, not to eat vegetables from the nightshade family. According to him, this method is effective not only in the fight against the disease, it helps to improve overall health.
Diet at deforming polyarthrosis
Arthritis and arthrosis are similar diseases. Both diseases are characterized by disorders in the joints. Diet with deforming polyarthrosis is based on the mandatory use of seafood. In arthrosis, as well as osteochondrosis, it is recommended to include sardine, herring and other fish in the diet containing a full protein and omega-3 acids. These products can be used both separately and used for the preparation of various dishes'.
It is Also necessary to use gelatin (jelly, jelly). Do not forget about fresh fruits and vegetables.
Following a special diet, after a certain time, the symptoms of the disease will be less frequent and less intense.
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Search for resources by:
Wikipedia: Ojibwe language
Ethnologue: Languages of Canada
Library of Congress Portals to the World: Canada
Native American Languages: Overview and Linguistic Maps
Native Language Preservation and Maintenance
US Department of State Background Notes: Canada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
You are welcome to link to this website.
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Motion Perception & Simulation
The subjective experience of locomotion, i.e. the displacement of a human observer through the environment, is what we call self-motion. To fully comprehend this pervasive experience, we take a two-fold approach: on the one hand, we carry out fundamental research to investigate human perception of self-motion; on the other hand, we develop state-of-the-art motion simulation technologies and algorithms. Ultimately, these two research directions build upon each other : the more detailed our knowledge on the mechanisms behind perception, the higher the fidelity that can be achieved in simulations; and the more realistic the simulations, the more advanced research can be conducted on motion perception.
Our fundamental research investigates both the low-level processes of uni- and multi-sensory visual/inertial motion perception, and the high-level abstract representations of self-motion, including the conscious experience of, and cognitive response to it. Low-level research allow us to describe the relation between actual and perceived motion characteristics [4,5,12,13,15,16]; whereas through high-level research we can better understand the causes of motion sickness , predict the subjective assessment of motion simulation fidelity [1,2,20,21], and improve the operator performance of remotely controlled vehicles [10,11]. Our applied research on simulation technologies aims at developing ecologically valid virtual environments to achieve a high fidelity simulation of self-motion. First, we work on the creation of visual environments that are used in our experiments or as development tools. Second, we explore ways to make optimal use of a motion simulator's capabilities to provide the simulator user with a realistic motion experience while accounting for the physical limits of the simulator [8,9,19].
Methods and Facilities
In our low-level research on motion perception, we present participants with elementary motion stimuli using various (adaptive) psychophysical paradigms. Research on perceptual thresholds typically involves n-Alternative Forced Choice tasks, in which participants select one of n sequentially presented motion stimuli on the basis of a criterion of interest [4-7,12-17]. In addition, we are using functional Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) as a means to obtain direct readings of cortical hemodynamic activity, which may provide an additional dimension of experimental evidence . In our high-level research, we seek to determine qualities of conscious experience, such as perceived simulation fidelity and workload, for complex scenarios with high ecological validity. As stimuli, we present for example virtual driving/flying scenarios, and we have 'played back' visual-inertial recordings of actual car driving and helicopter flight. For data collection in these experiment we have adopted questionnaires, we have adapted magnitude estimation methods and developed new ones (i.e., 'continuous rating') [1-3,20-23].
For the majority of our studies, we rely on the MPI CyberMotion Simulator, a dynamic motion platform for immersive virtual environments and vehicle simulation. We also operate the MPI CableRobot Simulator, the world's first cable robot for passengers. Furthermore, we use the CyberPod, a mid-size hexapod motion simulator. These platforms provide a range of possibilities in terms of inertial stimulation, and are often used in combination with a variety of visualization tools to provide immersive virtual environments. For work on visual motion we also make use of the PanoLab, the BackPro and purpose-built VR setups.
We have identified functions that relate the perceived characteristics of motion stimuli to their actual characteristics, such as velocity, acceleration, and heading [4,5,6,12,13], and we have determined absolute and differential thresholds for yaw, roll, and heading [7,14-16].
We have investigated how perceptions of any particular characteristic are affected by the presence of other stimuli [15-17] and how multiple sensory systems interact [5,6] (Figure 1).
We have determined how visual motion contributes to the illusory perception of physical motion (vection) and how it might explain motion sickness .
We have measured the perceived quality (visual/inertial motion incongruence) of motion cueing solutions and created several models to effectively predict it [2,20,21,23].
We have shown how teleoperation performance benefit from the addition of a motion feedback channel, informing the operator about the vehicle state and task-relevant motion [10,11].
We have developed software tools for various research projects on motion simulation. In particular, we have created an Off-line Motion Simulation Framework (OMSF), which is used to calculate offline control inputs (optimal motion trajectories) for any motion simulator, given its dynamics and constraints, and predefined trajectories.
We have also created a software library that serves as template for model-predictive control (tmpc) applications [8,9]. Implementations of both these software are currently in use in all our simulators [1,3,9,22].
We have developed QVis, which is a tool to visualize motion trajectories and motion cueing solutions in different simulators (Figure 2). This tool was used in several collaborations with industrial partners. QVis has also been adapted into QBrain for visualization of cortical hemodynamics from fNIRS-data (Figure 2).
We have designed, implemented and tested a 'motion teleoperation' setup, to control an unmanned aerial vehicle from within a motion simulator, which creates additional feedback using motion information in addition to the usual visual feedback [10,11].
We have also designed a 'theoretical driving simulator' , which can be used to find the minimal requirements for a simulator to replicate any desired trajectory.
We have recently built what we call an 'Alternative Reality' system, with the goal of manipulating our participants' actual surroundings with the highest possible degree of ecological validity.
- Cybernetics Approach to Perception and Action
- Cognition & Control in Human-Machine Systems
- Jean-Pierre Bresciani - Université de Fribourg (Fribourg, Switzerland)
- Moritz Diehl - Universität Freiburg (Freiburg, Germany)
- Heiko Hecht - Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (Mainz, Germany)
- Max Mulder - Technische Universiteit Delft (Delft, the Netherlands)
- Fabio Solari - Università Degli Studi Di Genova (Genoa, Italy)
- Andreas Zell - Universität Tübingen (Tübingen, Germany)
- Hasan Ayaz - Drexel University (Philadelphia, PA, USA)
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Writing Descriptive essays
Descriptive essay is about lucidly explaining or describing the place, person, object, incident or an event etc, giving the reader a feeling of experiencing the thing explained or described. This experience is the result of the way the writer describes his observation of the happening or the thing described. The most important point is to present an account of the things so as to make the reader feel as if he is going through or observing the same thing himself.
Various strategies to elucidate something in these kinds of essays are given below:
- Using clear, vibrant, creative, vivid language.
- Using diverse terminology.
- Using different examples and anecdotes.
- Applying fascinating contrasts.
- Stimulating senses.
- Transforming something usual into some unexpected or amazing thing.
- Using visual representations or images to attract the senses of the readers.
- Using enough of emotions and feelings.
The principles or guidelines on which the descriptive essays are written are to make the thing described or explained in the essay absolutely clear to the reader, making a clear overriding impression and they can be written either subjectively or objectively.
The structure and organisation of the essay must always be kept in mind while writing an essay. The essay should start with an introduction, following general to particular approach or deduction process along with the thesis statement, then the main body paragraphs with separate paragraph describing the topic, and ending with a conclusion which restates or reemphasises your thesis statement and conclude lose ends, if any. The planning of the essay must be followed by a draft of the text and revision of the draft until it is according to your expectations.
Efforts must be done to make the writing interesting and engrossing for the reader by involving few unusual characteristics or unseen segment about the topic. These unexpected turns help to grab readers’ attention. Detailing the event or the thing as much as possible aids the reader in getting a picture clear view and experience of the happening. The diction used should succeed in appealing to the senses of the readers and while concentrating on all those descriptions which stimulate readers’ senses. Attention should be paid to move the reader in spatial and chronological order. Using a comparative approach to explain things also helps in better understanding of the subject by the reader. The basic strategy for these essays is the presentation and showing the readers than narration or telling them about the various details.
Many custom essay writing services help students by unburdening them from the task of writing such essay. Their experts write on any topic within the given time on payment of reasonable fees, which is easy to pay.
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Quality and Safety
INTEGRATED SYSTEM POLICY
The Company Policy for Quality and Safety of Veneta Isolatori S.p.A., integrated for both management systems, is as follows:
Pursuing continuous improvement of company performance and the protection of the health and safety conditions of all personnel involved in business activities, while respecting the dignity of its employees, customers and third parties involved.
In setting these commitments, the Organization operates through a management system that allows it:
- To favor the maximum agreement with the Customers, to evaluate and correctly interpret their needs, to identify exactly the requirements and to work in the best way so that the quality of products and services offered meets the needs and expectations of the market.
- Provide a healthy and safe work environment, through the implementation of actions to prevent accidents and injuries and to minimize, as far as reasonably possible, the causes of risk.
For these purposes, the Company:
- It undertakes to comply with regulations and legislative provisions, current and future, voluntary and not, in the matter of Quality, Environment and Safety and operates so that the products and services offered meet the mandatory and / or internal requirements specified by the organization;
- it organizes a structured system that manages, plans and supports systematic activities aimed at pursuing and reviewing, through the involvement of the entire company structure, the objectives and targets established;
- it defines and implements methods for identifying hazards and assessing business risks and for health, safety and taking appropriate prevention, protection and control measures, focusing on internal and external variables and factors of the context in which the Organization operates;
- it cooperates with the relevant bodies and authorities, with the trade associations and with all the other institutional and social interlocutors to promote the attention towards Health and Safety and to develop the use of the best available technologies and knowledges on the subject;
- it privileges suppliers of goods and services that are sensitive and share the principles of safeguarding Health and Safety and develops stable and mutually beneficial relationships with them; it assesses suppliers based on the quality and timing of supply and safety standards;
- compatibly with the needs and availability of resources, it makes investments in technologies that can improve the quality of the product and reduce the risks identified for the health and safety of workers;
- it adapts workplaces, equipment, methods and work activities to respect for ergonomic principles; it installs and maintains efficient systems, machines and equipment, suitable for use, compliant with technical developments and current regulations; it provides a healthy and safe work environment through the implementation of appropriate actions to prevent accidents and accidents at work and minimize risks.
The pursuit of the principles outlined above is obtained with the necessary contribution of each one, employees and collaborators, who are asked to comply with the rules defined in the Quality and Safety Manual and in the related Procedures and Instructions, drawn up with a view to constantly improving the effectiveness of the Safety Management System.
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If you’ve followed the history of evolution, you’ll opine that the use of tools was one of the biggest development milestones, right?
Well, the use of tools for various activities signified an improvement in intellectual and physical ability. Some of the creatures that started using tools earlier than you can imagine are the sea otters!
Let’s find out their history with tools;
How Sea Otters Started Using Tools
According to scientists sea otters have been using stone tools for millions of years! They believe that otters were among the pioneer users of these tools beating other marine mammals that are considered to be more intelligent.
The sea otters use the tools for various activities. The most predominant, however, is in breaking open shellfish in search of food.
That sounds interesting, right?
Well, even more, riveting is the fact that this habit is more than a million years old! According to a genetic study carried out in California, sea otters’ ancestors used similar tools to crack surfaces in search of food.
Interesting Inventions by Sea Creatures
One would be forgiven to think that sea creatures do not face any difficulties in their natural habitat. However, these creatures have challenges that have forced them to look for solutions creatively.
For example, dolphins were recently found to use sponges to protect their noses when hunting for fish on the seafloor. Australian scientists opine that this is a recent invention which is barely 200 years old!
Why Sea Otters are Unique
Although sea creatures are creatively innovative, sea otters are unique. They use rocks as anvils and hammers.
Unlike the dolphins, the use of tools by sea otters appears to be innate. These sea creatures barely struggle to handle the tools irrespective of their age. For example, orphaned sea otters whose movement was restricted portrayed the behaviour of using tools without prior exposure or training!
Where to Find Sea Otters
Sea otters are found along the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Asia and North America. The creatures have valuable fur which has threatened their very existence.
At some point, the creatures almost became extinct due to increased hunting. At the beginning of the 20th century, only 1000-2000 otters remained. The dwindling in numbers raised an alarm and triggered the establishment of laws to avert the looming extinction.
Further Research on the Sea Otters
Scientists have increasingly developed an interest in the uniqueness of sea otters. There are plans to conduct more research on their fossils to establish the origin of their extraordinary behaviour of using tools.
Further research aims at investigating various genetic predispositions and environmental factors that contribute to the otters’ ability to use tools flawlessly even with minimal training.
While many animals can use tools, sea otters have shown a unique ability to use them without any training. As a result, researchers have embarked on investigating the factors that enable these creatures to have such an outstanding ability.
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Questions on Sun-Mar 400 Drum Composter
- From Lorna at 8/16/13 9:38 AM
- How does air get into the barrel? Don't you need air for the composting process?
- There are ventilation holes on each side of the composting drum. You aerate the compost by turning the the barrel, which is the unique advantage to having a drum composter. You will find this method will create finished compost much faster than a compost pile.
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In this paper we prove stability of Robin solid wall boundary conditions for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Applications include the no-slip boundary conditions with prescribed temperature or temperature gradient and the first order slip-flow boundary conditions. The formulation is uniform and the transitions between different boundary conditions are done by a change of parameters. We give different sharp energy estimates depending on the choice of parameters.
The discretization is done using finite differences on Summation-By-Parts form with weak boundary conditions using the Simultaneous Approximation Term. We verify convergence by the method of manufactured solutions and show computations of flows ranging from no-slip to substantial slip.
Available as PDF (1.94 MB, no cover)
Download BibTeX entry.
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Find the error
Thinking through a problem which involves geometric reasoning and then writing a formal proof can be a challenging task for students. If the proof contains errors it can be difficult to determine the misunderstanding or difficulty the student is actually experiencing.
To isolate misunderstandings more precisely, provide students with a proof which has an error. Ask them to find the error and correct it.
A student was asked to write the following proof:
In the diagram below, AE = EC and BE = DE. \(\angle\)AEB = 90°.
Prove that ΔABE \(\cong\) ΔCDE.
There are errors in the proof. What is wrong with the proof?
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- Cooking Time:
- Preparation Time:
- 3/4 c. mayonnaise
- 3/4 c. sour cream
- 1 tbsp. curry powder
- 1/2 tsp. salt
- 7 sweet potatoes, cooked, peeled, cooled, & cut into 3/4 inch chunks
- 2 Granny Smith apples, cut in 1/2 inch pieces
- 1 (20 oz.) can pineapple tidbits, drained
- 1/2 c. pecans
- Mix the dressing ingredients in a large bowl and set aside.
- Add potatoes, apples, pineapple and pecans to dressing.
- Toss gently to mix and coat.
- Cover and chill at least 1 hour for flavors to develop, or up to 3 days.
- Makes 8 cups.
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Is your dog gaining weight, shedding excessively, or his coat turning dull? These may be indications of his failing thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism in dogs can develop an array of physical and psychological problems in your dog unless identified and treated at the early stage.
Contents of Article
The Underactive Thyroid Gland
Hypothyroidism in dogs occurs when the thyroid gland becomes underactive or lose its functional ability. A dog’s thyroid gland plays a major role in building his body and supplying it with nutrients. The gland produces two types of thyroid hormone – triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Both hormones play a major role in regulating the heartbeat, the respiratory ability, the metabolism process, and even the body temperature.
When a dog’s serum concentration of T3 and T4 stays below the normal level, he suffers from hypothyroidism. There are different reasons contributing to the underactive thyroid glands.
- Thyroid gland tumor/ inflammation
- Steroid intake
- Iodine deficiency
- Autoimmune diseases
The disease is not life-threatening in the early stage but it starts to affect the quality of your dog’s life. The risks of complications also increase when it is left untreated for years.
Hypothyroidism in dogs is of two types. The destruction of the pituitary gland is known as primary hypothyroidism. The secondary hypothyroidism is caused by tumor growths within the thyroid gland.
The Risk of Hypothyroidism in Dogs
Hypothyroidism is common in dogs aged between 4 and 10 years. According to a study, spayed female dogs and neutered male ones are more susceptible to hypothyroidism.
The list of dog breeds that are at most prone to the disease include:
- Labrador Retrievers
- Golden Retrievers
- Great Danes
- Cocker Spaniels
- Doberman Pinschers
- Bernese Mountain Dogs
- Chinese Shar-pei Dogs
Increasing Signs of Hypothyroidism in Dogs
Normal thyroid hormone levels vary per animal. When a dog is T3 and T4 deficient, his body shows one or more of the following signs.
- Hair loss
- Poor coat condition
- Skin disease with or without puss
- Ear infections
- Weight gain
- Toe nail infection
Steps To Identify Hypothyroidism in Dogs
Physical assessment, laboratory tests, examination of clinical signs, and an analysis of the health history help confirm the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs. It is a must to check T3 and T4 levels through blood tests.
Effective Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Dogs
If the cause of hypothyroidism is congenital or idiopathic, synthetic thyroid, such as L-thyroxine or levothyroxine is prescribed. In the event of the removal of the thyroid gland, the same medication helps overcome the absence of thyroid hormones in the body.
Synthetic thyroid hormones are generally affordable. They come in tablet or liquid form. The medication is taken on an empty stomach for better absorption. However, the intake excessive, unregulated amount of synthetic thyroid hormones can lead to hyperthyroidism.
Diet and Exercise
Changes in diet and regular exercise are also recommended for dogs with hypothyroidism. Although these methods do not really treat the disease, they help keep the affected dog in good shape. Hypothyroidism slows down the metabolism and dogs gain weight and become obese. Diet and exercise help keep him fit and energetic.
If your dog eats commercial dog food, iodine supplementation is not really needed. However, if you prefer cooking for your dog, find out how much iodine your dog needs daily and add it accordingly. Be careful when adding iodine to your dog’s diet, as too much or too little Iodine can make his hypothyroidism worse.
Ways To Prevent Hypothyroidism in Dogs
Studies have shown that idiopathic hypothyroidism has a genetic link, which means it cannot be totally prevented. There is also no definite way to prevent hypothyroidism caused by cancer and the shrinking of the thyroid gland.
But, other forms of hypothyroidism can be prevented by avoiding their respective causes.
- Hypothyroidism caused by neck injury can be prevented by opting to use a harness when walking your dog instead of a collar.
- The disease can be also be prevented by controlling or stopping your dog’s steroid medication. Do not forget to talk to your veterinarian before stopping your dog’s medication.
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Solutions to Potential Difference Physics
On the contrary, it usually means that one type of channel opens. But it is crucial to understanding what’s happening. In a specific sense, an electric circuit is merely an energy conversion system. We anticipate hearing from you! Hello There is a rather minute difference between electrical essay writer help potential and potential difference but one ought to know about it because this minute difference play very important part in electricity. Check your comprehension of the concept of likely energy by answering the subsequent questions.
The Characteristics of Potential Difference Physics
Now let us discuss the 2nd electrical phenomenon which makes transformers do the job. It’s pretty easy, actually. You are unable to understand why.
And this is the point at which the stream of electrons stops. So, higher resistance leads to a low current flow, and conversely, very low resistance leads to a high current flow. buy custom paper After the ball reaches the exact top height, the velocity is equivalent to zero. It follows that chemicals result in an electrical signal. The magnitude of emf has ever remained constant, whereas the size of the prospective difference varies.
Choosing Potential Difference Physics
Count how often the ball bounces on each sort of turf. Soccer (or football as it’s known in the majority of places in the world), is among the most well-known sports on earth. Some games permit you to control a soccer group and compete in virtual games. These games are a few of our premier soccer games and ought to offer you a taster of that which we have to offer you.
This can likewise be used metaphorically, for different kinds of removal. In fact, it truly is challenging to count zillions of electrons. Be aware that the energies calculated in the last example are absolute values. Whatever the case, charge will distributed so the overall potential is the lowest in all potential distribution patterns. So as to understand electrical possible difference, we should first understand what electric potential is. If gravitational potential is a way of rating various locations within a gravitational field in regard to the sum of likely energy per unit of mass, then the notion of electric potential should have a similar meaning.
The thermistor may be used as a member of an electronic thermometer if it’s connected into a suitable possible divider circuit and calibrated. However, it’s important to be aware they are NOT moving in one specific direction, are simply hanging around’. Guarantee that the rings aren’t on the power whilst doing this! Unfortunately, as you do this, a part of dirt gets into the plug. You can achieve this by making the wires as thick as you are able, and from a very good conductor. As an example, have a charge and put it inside a parallel-plate capacitor.
Now you have a fundamental comprehension of electricity, you may safely read Electrical Safetyby clicking on the menu at the peak of this page. 3D animation lets you create more realistic objects. There are advantages and disadvantages about both 2D and 3D animation procedures. It’s extremely important to continue to keep devices employing rechargeable batteries charged.
Potential Difference Physics – the Conspiracy
The aforementioned transition is going to be shown in a detailed manner. Next time you’re outside, do have a look in their opinion. Just take both waterfalls below.
A great deal of science is happening behind the scenes. Competitions like the World Cup and Champions League have an immense following. Though all the balls look round, there might be slight differences in them because of the number of panels and stitches it took to make it. Calculate the electric potential between these 2 charges.
New Ideas Into Potential Difference Physics Never Before Revealed
Providing the body with food is necessary for survival. Let us examine this in regard to energy. The p.d. is offered by the electrical energy supply. Design and evaluate a system which works within given constraints to convert a single form of energy into another type of energy. It’s useful to have an energy unit linked to submicroscopic consequences. An object possesses elastic possible energy if it’s at a place on an elastic medium apart from the equilibrium position. The second type of potential energy that we’re going to discuss is elastic potential energy. Therefore, the electric potential energy depends upon the quantity of charge on the object experiencing the area and upon the location within the area.
But this can’t be achieved practically as a result of primary and secondary voltage drops. Since it’s a multimeter, there are various modes of operation and you should make certain it’s setup to measure DC Volts. Be aware that AC has periods where there’s no present flow. Definition The possible transformer could be defined as an instrument transformer employed for the transformation of voltage from a greater value to the decrease value. This circuit is composed of D-cell and a light bulb. In case it transforms the input voltage to a greater output voltage, it’s referred to as a step up transformer.
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Cards are free to:
- anyone who lives or works in Maryland
- anyone with a valid card from any of the following libraries:
- cities of: Alexandria, Falls Church, and Washington D.C
- Virginia counties of: Arlington; Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William
Out of State residents may obtain a card for a one-time fee of $40.00.
Proof of name and address required. Applicants who work or attend school in Maryland but live out of state will need to provide proof of Maryland employment or enrollment along with proof of address to obtain a library card. Children under the age of 14 must have parent/guardian’s signature in order to obtain a library card. Parent/guardian must provide proof of his/her own name and address.
Cards expire if not used in 2 years. Library users are responsible for lost or damaged materials, and parents/guardians are responsible for all materials borrowed on their child’s card. Replacement card $1.00. Report change of address or phone number to your local branch or change it yourself in our catalog.
Proof of Address Examples:
- Valid MD driver's license or state ID card
- A current piece of mail addressed to you
- Current paystub
- Current utility bill
- Lease agreement of property title
- A printed check
- MVA Change of address card
Steps for getting a library card
- Fill out our Online User Registration form in the online catalog.
- Once you've received your Temporary ID number, visit any FCPL Branch to pick up your permanent card. You may use your Temporary ID number to place a hold on up to three items. Temporary ID numbers expire after two weeks.
- Proof of address is required. For a child without proof of address, a parent's proof of address is needed.
- The cardholder must be present to receive a library card.
Library Cards for Minors
Children under the age of 14 must have parent/guardian’s signature in order to obtain a library card. Parent/guardian must provide proof of his/her own name and address.
Approved by the Board of Trustees of Frederick County Public Libraries 6/2/2004
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Medical Case Study Writing Help
The most difficult thing with writing a medical case study is to decide what it should contain, and how detailed it should be. Should you include all the symptoms, or only those on which your diagnosis is based? Do you need to describe a daily progress or not?
Though you should try not to omit any important details, your medical case study doesn’t need to include everything. So the general advice is to leave not relevant information aside.
Fortunately, medical case studies follow the same format. And if you stick to it, you can be sure your case study includes everything needed. Read on to discover more about the medical case study format and what your case study should contain.
Quick Navigation through the Medical Case Study Outline Page
- Download a free sample of Medical Case Study
- Medical Case Study Format
- What Should You Include in Case Report?
- How We Can Help
- What to Include in Management and Treatment section of Medical Case Study?
- What is Discussion Section of Medical Case Study For?
- Types of Medical Case Studies
Download Free Sample of Medical Case Study
Medical Case Study Free Sample (Click image to enlarge)
This is a typical medical case study outline:
1. Abstract:: This section should include the same sections as the main text, just in succinct form.
2.Introduction: This section should attract the attention and interest of the reader, providing the subject, purpose, and merit of the case study.
3. Case Presentation / Case Report:: This is a very central section. Anyone reading this section should be able to form their own conclusions from this section alone.
4. Management and Treatment: In this section, the plan for care, treatment used, and the outcome are discussed.
5. Discussion: Being the final section, discussion is the most important section of the study. It should evaluate the case, comparing and contrasting it with published literature. It should also summarize the features of the study, justifying why the case is unique, and draw recommendations and conclusions.
What Should You Include In Case Report?
The case report is the part of the medical case study where you introduce the raw data, medical history, and the results of any examinations that have been performed. The working diagnosis and management of the case are described in the case report as well.
Patient demographics – The demographics of the patient, including age, weight, height, sex, race, and occupation are to be included. Noting the patient’s race and occupation may appear as superfluous; however, this information may uncover pharmacogenomic or environmental factors.
Patient History – This section contains the complaint that brought the patient to seek your care. It is often very useful to use the patient’s own words. Next, you introduce the information obtained for compiling the history of the patient. It is not necessary to include every detail, just the relevant information that helped you to determine a diagnosis.
Clinical Examination – In this section, the diagnostic procedures and the timeline in which they were administered should be addressed. As in the previous section, every detail is not needed, just the information that was relevant to diagnosing the patient.
Differential Diagnosis – This section of the case report is a short list of the most likely diseases and/or disorders from the patient’s symptoms. This section is usually a result of the patient history section of the case report.
How We Can Help
If you work or study in the medical field, it is imperative that you know how to write a medical case study. They are used by medical professionals all over the world to learn about pioneering new practices in medicine and essentially learn how to better care for their patients. Writing a medical case study can be difficult and quite time consuming.
If you are uncertain as to how to write it, have problems with making a diagnosis, or just don’t have enough time to write it, we are here to help you!
Experienced writers at ProfEssays.com can prepare a case study based on any instructions provided! With us you can be sure of the quality of your paper, and its originality. Order your case study now – and check the quality of our service yourself.
What to Include in Management and Treatment section of Medical Case Study?
In this section of the clinical case study, you should clearly describe the plan for caring for the patient, as well as the care that was actually provided, and the resulting outcome.
You should be as specific as possible when describing the treatment used. In this section you should avoid the daily progress of the patient, including normal vital signs and other information that is not relevant.
Indicate the effect of any and all treatment, any unanticipated effects, the patient’s final outcome, any further proposed treatments, and the patient’s status at the time of the report.
You may want to include the patient’s own account of their improvement or lack thereof. But whenever possible, use a well-validated method of measuring their improvement.
For your medical case study, it may be possible to use data from visual analog scales for pain, or a medication usage journal.
What Is Discussion Section Of Medical Case Study For?
The discussion section is used to synthesize the foregoing sections and explain the correlations as well as the apparent inconsistencies. This section should also include a detailed explanation of the literature review. If appropriate, using just a few sentences, describe any lesson to be learned from the medical case study.
You should take care not to make firm judgments or sweeping recommendations based upon speculation, limited and tenuous information, or on a few case reports. Only justifiable evidence-based recommendations should be noted.
Types of Medical Case Studies
There are two types of medical case studies that you may come across during your education. The first only provides you the patient’s medical history and initial diagnosis. Based on the information contained within, you will be required to justify the diagnosis and provide recommendations for treatment.
The second type of case study describes the situation at hand and includes the chosen solution and furthermore, the outcome of said solution. With this type of case study, you will be required to determine how and why the solution succeeded or failed.
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Daveney Castille October 5, 2020 Math Worksheet
What are math worksheets and what are they used for? These are math forms that are used by parents and teachers alike to help the young kids learn basic math such as subtraction, addition, multiplication and division. This tool is very important and if you have a small kid and you don’t have a worksheet, then its time you got yourself one or created one for your kid. There are a number of sites over the internet that offer free worksheets that are downloadable and printable for use by parents and teachers at home or at school.
Solving math is crucial and essential to generate superior and effective problem-solving skills amongst children. For this purpose a range of websites have sprung up online offering math assignment help helping those who find the task of solving problems daunting. These assignments are known to help people in their mathematical problems. They cater to people with problems right from the basic addition or subtraction to the complex algebra lessons and trigonometry problems. Especially, students are known to benefit tremendously from these online materials.
Free Math Worksheets Online, The internet had endless possibilities to assist your child’s math skills. There are many websites host worksheets built into games that can test them on multiplication, fraction. Moreover, they are organized according to types of worksheets suitable for your child. Math can be challenging and exciting; it is a field wherein it there needs to be diligence and dedication. No matter how we avoid math, it is everywhere. Not all children are blessed with gifted math skills but no matter what how hard math is, there are still ways on how to help our kids to learn. It is essential that you find good resources that will make teaching effective and easier.
I believe in the importance of mathematics in our daily lives and it is critical that we nurture our kids with a proper math education. Mathematics involves pattern and structure; it’s all about logic and calculation. Understanding of these math concepts are also needed in understanding science and technology. Learning math is quite difficult for most kids. As a matter of fact, it causes stress and anxiety to parents. How much stress our kids go through? Parents and teachers are aware of the importance of math as well as all of the benefits. Taken in the account how important math is, parents will do whatever it takes to help their struggling children to effectively manage math anxiety. By using worksheets, it can play a major role in helping your kids cope with these stressful. This is a good way to show our children that practicing their math skills will help them improve. Here are some of the advantages using math and worksheets.
In my 5th grade classroom, we use a math review series that’s engaging and entertaining at the same time. In essence they are simply halfpage handouts with ten standards based math problems woven into a special picture or exciting scene. Remember, I want to keep the math review time quick, but effective. My students are engaged in the activity because they are always eager to find out what the next scene will be, and how the math problems will be nestled within. They also like how within each handout I inscribe the title in a way that fits with the theme of that particular scene – another attention catching technique. And since this review activity only takes about fifteen minutes of class time, it is quick yet extremely beneficial.
These sheets help the users to practice mathematical problems. Solving these problems become much easier with the help of mathematical worksheets. Parents can easily help their kids with the help of printable sheets. Printable work sheets add fun to the kid`s learning process. Nowadays parents and teachers are using colorful sheets for teaching their children. These sheets help in learning new skills. Colorful sheets are easy to read and understand.
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Download Driver and Manual
Download Driver for Windows
How to setup and install Printer
To set up the HP Laserjet 1010 printer and install it on your Windows device, follow the procedure given below.
- Remove the outer tape to open the package.
- Check if the printer package contains all the components.
- Inside the box, you can find the accessories such as power cord, power cable, adapter, ink cartridges, installation CD, warranty card, and user guide.
- If any component is missing inside the package, then contact the manufacturer for support.
- Hold the two handles of the printer and slowly pull it out of the package.
- Clear all the outer & inner package materials from the printer.
- Make sure to remove the packing material on the scanner glass, paper tray, and ink cartridges slots.
- Link one side of the power cable to the adapter and the other end to the HP Laserjet 1010 printer.
- Plug in the power cord into the wall outlet and turn on your HP Laserjet 1010 printer
- Wait for the HP Laserjet 1010 printer to finish its warm-up period.
- After that, set the basic preference such as setting time, date, country/region, and language.
- Click the OK button. Now, get a stack of U.S or A4 paper to fill the paper tray.
- Make sure to adjust the width guides before loading the paper into the tray.
- Load the paper into the tray. Open the ink cartridge door.
- Unpack the ink cartridge package and remove the tape covering the electrical contacts and ink nozzles.
- First, insert the tri-color ink cartridge into the printer and then insert the black cartridge.
- Close the ink cartridge door that is open.
- Now, install the printer driver on your Windows system from the installation CD provided with the package or the official site.
- After installing the print driver, run the alignment tool for your HP Laserjet 1010 printer.
How to Download Driver on Windows & Mac
Download the full feature driver for the HP Laserjet 1010 printer on your Windows, follow the procedure given below.
- First, you have to do the basic printer setup as instructed by the user guide.
- Open a web browser on your computer to download the printer driver of the HP Laserjet 1010 printer on your Windows computer.
- Click anywhere in the search field and type the URL code of the printer’s official site.
- Hit the Enter button. Now the official page of the printer opens.
- Type the HP Laserjet 1010 printer keyword in the search field and click the Submit button.
- Scroll the screen, select the Software, Firmware, and Drivers tab. Click the Go button.
- Click the Change button, select your operating system (Windows) and the version type (Windows 7,8, or 10) the pop-up menu.
- Click the Download button in the Driver-Product Installation Software section.
- Create a folder to save the driver file when prompted.
- Wait for the download process to complete.
- Once the HP Laserjet 1010 printer driver file is downloaded successfully, open it and begin the installation.
How to install Driver
Perform the instructions as given below to install the HP Laserjet 1010 printer driver on your Windows computer.
- To begin the installation, you have to open the downloaded HP Laserjet 1010 printer driver file on your Windows computer.
- Make sure that you have done the setup as displayed on the screen.
- Click the Continue button on the Lets’ gets started page.
- Checkmark the box to agree with the end user license on the Installation Agreements & Settings page.
- Wait for the basic device software to install on your Windows computer.
- Select the Automatic or Manual setup option as per your wish on the Connection Options page.
- Choose the USB connection on the Connection Options page.
- If you are confused with the connection type, then click the Help button on the Connection Options page.
- Now the network check-up process begins, wait for it to complete.
- Choose the HP Laserjet 1010 printer from the installed device list.
- If you wish to share your device information with the other users, click the Yes button on the Turn On Device Sharing page.
- Wait for the Network Device Installation process to complete.
- If you want to stop the installation process, click the Cancel button.
- Enter your device information when prompted.
- Wait for the on-screen process to complete.
- Click the Continue button on the Alignment Finished page.
- Choose the Finish button in the Setup Complete page.
The HP Laserjet 1010 printer model does not support any of the Mac systems.
How to Download Manual
To download the HP Laserjet 1010 printer user manual, perform the step-by-step procedure given below.
- Open a browser on your Windows to begin the download.
- Type the URL code of the printer in the search field and click the Enter button.
- Tap the Product tab, enter your printer series number and click the Submit button.
- Select the User Guide tab and choose the user manual file you wish to download.
- Click the Download button on the PDF viewer.
- Wait for the download process to complete.
- Once the HP Laserjet 1010 printer user manual is download, open it, and utilize it as per your need.
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I truly believe changing one’s teaching practice should be evolutionary, not revolutionary. What I mean by that is that several smaller actions over time have a more profound effect upon one’s overall teaching practice than sporadic large-scale changes. One reason why I believe this to be true is because of the risk and vulnerability embedded in meaningful change. It’s much easier to rebound from an attempted small change gone awry compared to a large scale change that demanded significant time, energy, and ultimately, risk.
I encountered Gillian Judson’s Walking Curriculum in January 2018. It piqued my interest.
I had started becoming infatuated with the idea of ‘Place’ in the Fall. I am very much drawn to the work that Janice Novakowski has done for the Richmond School District. I attended a workshop that she facilitated in the Fall and was exposed to homemade geoboards. However, instead of creating them for the students, I had my Grade 8 students create them. This was their introductory task to squares and square roots.
The students worked in pairs and each pair was given a one-inch grid that was 8 x 10. The requirements of the task were to create a geoboard with a square, not rectangular, grid with a minimum size of 10 x 10 using the grid given. I marvelled at the engagement displayed by the students and how quickly they came to understand squares and square roots. In retrospect, bringing the outdoors into the classroom was an important first step in my engagement with the Walking Curriculum. I still needed the comfort of the classroom but I also recognized that I wanted to expand my teaching practice and this task allowed me to do so.
This small success propelled me forward. To build my own capacity, I began experimenting with the Walking Curriculum with my own children. I would simply ask my sons questions about what they saw as we walked and observed what they were drawn to in nature. I recall one time when my sons came upon deer tracks in the snow. My middle son noticed that the space between each of my footprints and the deer’s prints were roughly the same. I asked him “How many tracks are left each time the deer touches down on the snow?” He recognized that for every one of my footprints, the deer had two prints. It was fascinating to see how he had basic algebraic understanding. On the same walk, my son was picking cattails. Hoping to probe deeper into algebra, I took his cattail and placed it next to three pieces of bark, each approximately the same size. I asked him, “How many pieces of bark would there be if there were two cattails?” Without hesitation, he gave the answer. I then probed with the inverse, “If there were nine pieces of bark, how many cattails would you have?” This took longer but he was able to answer correctly. It was easy to see how his appreciation for the outdoors and mathematics was growing simultaneously.
I gained confidence through these walks with my own children. These walks allowed me to recognize that I had the ability to respond in the moment to what children may see in their environment. This confidence transferred to the classroom.
When my Grade 8 class began exploring surface area, we went outside and made snow angels in the snow. I asked them which snow angel had the greatest surface area and which had the least and how they knew without measuring. This experience was integral to a paradigm shift that was beginning to occur in my classroom. Still outside, we began discussing why tractors have such large tires and how this is especially important in the spring, why longer skis help a skier to go faster, the premise behind snowshoes and why different snowmobiles have different widths of tracks. In pairs, students were given roughly 30 minutes to research the answer to one of these examples. They weren’t required to demonstrate the exact math associated with pounds per square inch but each of the answers the students researched touched on this concept. Their motivation to learn was greater because the concept of surface area had been contextualized.
I began to ‘see’ as much math in the environment and in daily life as possible in order to share it with my students. I went snowshoeing myself in the Spring, snapped a picture and the students discussed it. They discussed surface area again but also the pattern of the sinew and how the pattern had a utilitarian dimension to it. Some students saw triangles, while others saw parallelograms and even some mentioned Sierpinski’s Triangle. I understood that I couldn’t always have my students outside but that I could consistently bring in examples from the environment into our classroom to make their mathematical experiences with the environment less sporadic.
This summer, I have been taking a class called “Mathematics Education Through the Arts.” My first task was to embark upon a fractal scavenger hunt. I had heard of fractals prior to this but my understanding was not well developed. I had a solid understanding of the Fibonacci Sequenceprior to this but did not understand the connection between the two. Once I came to understand fractals (a shape repeated just differing in size), my awareness of them in nature exploded. My appreciation for math in nature skyrocketed and I began brainstorming about how I can use fractals as a springboard for exploring patterns in middle years math.
Dr. Wayne Dyer (2007) states, “If you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change.”
This is what happened during the fractal scavenger hunt. How I perceived nature changed. This is also what happened on a greater level with how I understand and will employ/explore the Walking Curriculum.
I made a conscious decision to seek out the math outside of the classroom. I believe what happens in my classroom begins with me. I wholeheartedly accept this responsibility. I also recognize that it begins with me but my end goal is always to impact student learning positively.
Galileo believed, “The book of nature is written in the language of mathematics.”
I think about this often now as I begin planning for the new school year ahead. I recognize that students do not readily recognize the mathematics in nature and that I must be the proverbial bridge between nature and mathematics. It is my understanding of the math in nature that will allow students to crossover from perceiving mathematics as an isolated subject in the classroom to something that permeates itself in their environment and their everyday life. I forge ahead with my explorations with the Walking Curriculum. It would be naïve of me to believe that there is a definitive endpoint in the evolution of my teaching practice. An endpoint is the antithesis of an evolution.
Judson, G. (2018). The Walking Curriculum: Evoking wonder and developing sense of place (k-12). KDP.
Dyer, W. (2007). Change your thoughts change your life: Living the wisdom of the Tao. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House Publications.
About The Author
Lana Steiner is a middle years math educator as well as a math coach for Good Spirit School Division in Saskatchewan. She has also had the privilege of working as a math interventionist. As a member of the Provincial Facilitator Community, she facilitates workshops on behalf of the Saskatchewan Professional Development Unit. She is currently pursuing a Master of Education in the Field of Mathematics from the University of Western Ontario.
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The cell-of-origin of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains controversial, with fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) both considered candidates. Here, by using genetically engineered mouse models and organoids, we assessed the tumor-forming properties of FTE and OSE harboring the same oncogenic abnormalities. Combined RB family inactivation and Tp53 mutation in Pax8 + FTE caused Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma (STIC), which metastasized rapidly to the ovarian surface. These events were recapitulated by orthotopic injection of mutant FTE organoids. Engineering the same genetic lesions into Lgr5 + OSE or OSE-derived organoids also caused metastatic HGSOC, although with longer latency and lower penetrance. FTE- and OSE-derived tumors had distinct transcriptomes, and comparative transcriptomics and genomics suggest that human HGSOC arises from both cell types. Finally, FTE- and OSE-derived organoids exhibited differential chemosensitivity. Our results comport with a dualistic origin for HGSOC and suggest that the cell-of-origin might influence therapeutic response.
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Would, should and could are known as auxiliary verbs or modal verbs. They are the past tense of will, shall, and can. In this post, we will show you detailed examples of when you should use “would.” At the bottom of the post, there are links to webpages discussing the uses of “will” versus “would.” There are also links to quizzes.
Would is the past tense of will. It can be used in many ways:
- To ask questions:
Would you like to go to the movies? (Do you want to go to the movies?)
Would you please give me back my book now? (Please give me back my book now.
- Use it with question words (who, what, when, where, why, how):
How would you like the money, in large bills or smaller ones?
What would you think if I applied for that job?
- As a polite way to ask for something:
I would like to go to the movies, please. (I want to go to the movies, please.)
I would like you to pay more attention in class. (I want you to pay more attention in class.)
- For hypothetical situations in the past – To show a different response if the past had been different:
I would have called you if I had known you were finished with the meeting. (I didn’t know that you were finished with the meeting, so I did not call.)
I would have forgotten my appointment if you hadn’t reminded me. (You reminded me so I did not forget the appointment.
- For a hypothetical situation in the future:
Should I win the lottery, I would pay for your tuition.
- Indicating the future likelihood of something happening relative to a past action:
We figured they would arrive in time for dinner and so we would be ready for them.
- As a nicer way to say something that otherwise may cause an argument (something that is controversial):
I would have to say that he is not very intelligent.
- To show habitual or repetitive past action:
My cat would scream whenever I would leave the house.
She always seemed to be happy for a just a split second, then she would be really sad again.
- To indicate a preference between multiple choices:
I would sooner eat my words than admit I was wrong.
I would rather stay home alone than go to the party with her.
- To show a preference when there is no other choice:
I would do the work later if I could.
- To indicate a wish or desire:
Mom wished that we would stay with her.
- For and intention or plan:
Mark said he would go to the store.
- To express doubt:
It would seem she went to the library. (She probably didn’t go to the library, but rather, went somewhere else.)
Click these links to learn the differences between using will and would:
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Please note that students doing the reading or math programs will still have sessions during some of the breaks. Contact the office for clarification.
**Reading and math therapy students should not follow the above calendar. The nature of the course, and the pace of the program will be decided by the individual therapist. See the office for clarification.
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On Thanksgiving day, a little boy overhears his mom and dad fighting.
He hears his mom call his dad a bastard and hears his dad call his mom a bitch.
He asks, “Mommy, what does bastard mean?” She answers, “Um, it means boy.”
Then he asks, “Daddy, what does bitch mean?” He says, “Uh, it means girl.”
Later that day, the boy sees his father in the bathroom shaving; the dad accidentally cuts himself and says, “Sh*t.”
The son asks, “What does that mean?” The dad says, “It means shaving cream.”
Then he sees his mom in the kitchen carving the turkey; she accidentally cuts herself and says, “F*ck.”
The son asks her what that word means and she says, “It means carving.”
That evening, the family’s guests arrive for Thanksgiving dinner.
The son opens the door to welcome them and says, “Welcome bitches and bastards! My dad is in the bathroom rubbing sh*t on his face and my mom is in the kitchen f*cking the turkey.”
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Developed by two Harvard brain experts, here is a scientific, accessible approach to achieving success by retraining your brain to win.
Ever wonder why some people seem blessed with success? In fact, everyone is capable of winning in life - you just need to develop the right brain for it.
In The Winner's Brain, Drs. Jeff Brown and Mark Fenske use cutting-edge neuroscience to identify the secrets of those who succeed no matter what - and demonstrate how little it has to do with IQ or upbringing. Through simple everyday practices, Brown and Fenske explain how to unlock the brain's hidden potential by establishing:
- Balance: Make emotions work in your favor
- Bounce: Create a failure-resistant brain
- Opportunity Radar: Spot hot prospects previously hidden by problems
- Focus Laser: Lock into what's important
- Effort Accelerator: Cultivate the drive to win
Along the way, they introduce you to dozens of interesting people who possess win factors (like the inventor of Whac-A-Mole) and share surprising information (like why you should never take a test while wearing red). The Winner's Brain will not only give you an edge - it'll motivate you to pursue your personal and professional dreams. Download and start listening now!
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You see food, you eat it and yet again, the hunger snaps back. As much as binge-eating disorder can create a chaos of food in your life, there are more than nice strategies you can imply in your lifestyle to fight and stop this eating disorder.
Vitiligo crop up when the body fails to produce the pigment, Melanin, which gives color to your skin, eyes and hair. The pigment is produced by the skin cells which are referred to as Melanocytes. So, when insufficient amount of melanin is produced then you suffer from Vitiligo resulting in white or fairly lighter patches on your hair or skin.
One of the parts of reproductive system of women - Uterus is a hollow organ lying in the pelvis. It includes three parts - Top (Fundus), middle (Corpus) and bottom. Plus, the wall of the uterus consists of two layers- Inner layer which is known as Endometrium while the Outer layer is called Myometrium.
Watching too much TV, reading books, staying in front of the computer for a long time are considered dangerous for the eyes by most people. This is because people generally confuse eye-strains for some kind of serious potential damage. In reality, these activities do not cause any permanent damage to the eyes; however, eye-strains are inevitable which could be really irritating.
Anyone likes to have an extra bite during the 'Thanks giving', 'Christmas' or any other celebrations. But, some might find themselves gorging on an abnormal amount of food every day, consuming more than 2,000 or more calories in a single meal. This type of unhealthy and excessive overeating at a short time period is known as binge-eating.
Compulsive eating is a condition in which the person loses control of when, what and how much food he/she takes. If a person has compulsive eating, he/she overeats food in large amount even if he/she is full already. The person having compulsive eating feels an uncontrollable urge to feed on more, and eats much faster than other people around them. The person might eat a large quantity in a short time period, or keep having something constantly throughout the day.
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What does NEC mean in General?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand NEC in the Business field in general and in the General terminology in particular.
Find a translation for NEC in other languages:
Select another language:
What does NEC mean?
- necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC(noun)
- an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow
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Recent events in the post-Soviet European neighborhood have again put the spotlight on struggling efforts for democratization in the region. In October, Georgia experienced a historic transition of power at the ballot box, while Ukraine held a flawed election and has been widely criticized for regression in its democratic standards.
Carnegie’s Thomas de Waal, Bruce Jackson of the Project on Transitional Democracies, Laura Jewett of the National Democratic Institute, and Richard Youngs of FRIDE discussed the prospects for further democratization in Georgia and Ukraine. Carnegie’s Thomas Carothers moderated.
Assessing Georgia’s and Ukraine’s Democracies
- Elections: Democratization should not just be about conducting free and fair elections, said both Jewett and Jackson.
- Values: It is difficult to promote liberalism and civil society in a region whose values the West often explicitly does not share, stated Jackson. The post-Soviet world has not evolved much in terms of liberal values since 1991, with particularly slow movement on judicial reform, Jackson added.
- Modernization Versus Democratization: Georgia under the United National Movement was focused more on modernization than democratization, said de Waal. Cohabitation between political rivals has been difficult to achieve and politics are still dominated by feudal-style parties that are organized around charismatic individuals, he added.
- Geography: The former Soviet republics that have been the most successful with democratic reforms have been the smaller states such as Georgia, Moldova, and Kyrgyzstan, said de Waal. The regional states fall into three groups: those where the government leaves no space for pluralism and civil society, those where some space is given to reformers but skepticism over democratization persists, and lastly those states where the government is in favor of democratization and does not curtail reforms, added Jewett. She characterized Ukraine and Georgia as in that second category.
The Role of the West
- Push Back Against the West: The European Union risks being accused of double standards if it criticizes the new Georgian regime thus limiting its room for maneuver, warned Youngs. The Council of Europe and the Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) have lost moral authority due to internal politics, de Waal said. Furthermore, there is growing ambivalence over free trade agreements with the EU in Ukraine, since the costs are felt upfront while the benefits are more long term, added Youngs.
- Divided Europe: The pull of Europe is weakening in both Georgia and Ukraine, stated Jewett. Youngs agreed, adding that the European approach to Georgia and Ukraine is too bureaucratic. The EU risks its policies becoming seen as static and obsolete in the region, when it imposes conditions over democratic shortcomings which are ignored by local governments, remarked Jackson. For example, the Yulia Tymoshenko case has frozen E.U.-Ukraine relations, and within the EU, states are undecided over whether to pursue sanctions, sign the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, or to make her release a condition of signing the DCFTA agreement, added Youngs.
- Rethinking Strategies: There are opportunities in both Georgia and Ukraine for constructive projects, such as promoting women in Ukrainian politics, said Jewett. Transparency International has done a lot of good work in Georgia, and there is still significant Western leverage there since Russia is not in the picture, added de Waal. Youngs agreed, pointing out that the EU has increased spending on the Eastern Partnership program and is currently trying new approaches such as the Civil Society Forum that promotes bottom up reforms.
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Many students will be interviewing for opportunities in the coming weeks. Both on-campus and summer positions will use interviews to inform the selection process. Interviews can range from:
- Recorded, where participants respond to a set of questions by phone or using a camera;
- Informal, where a 1:1 conversation is held between the candidate and the hiring official;
- Formal, possibly with multiple panels, including structured interviews with different team members and/or groups;
- Technical interviews, where a candidate is asked to demonstrate their problem-solving abilities such as in coding for computer engineering; and,
- Case interviews, where a candidate is run through a practice scenario and they need to demonstrate their analytical skills and make recommendations.
The Career Center has a myriad of resources available for students, including an interview guide and appointments for practice interviews with a coach. We encourage students to ask their hiring managers for details on what to expect during an interview so that they can prepare accordingly. Additionally, students can research organizations via Carleton connections (looking at Carls on LinkedIn) or third-party sites such as Glassdoor.
If they are open to a conversation, you can also help your Carleton student prepare for an interview.
- Normalize the interview process. You can share your own interviewing stories. Thinking back on your first interview experiences, what did you feel? What mistakes did you make and what did you learn from those experiences? What was the most surprising thing you learned during an interview? Sharing your own experiences can help to make the interview process feel less intimidating.
- Listen to their stories. Suspend any judgment about what they “should” be doing and listen to their insights. Ask your student what types of work they are interested in and why. Be curious about the opportunities they are seeking out. Ask them what they hope to gain from the experience and why it makes sense for them. Take this as an opportunity to see your Carleton student connect the dots between their learning, their interests, and their future aspirations.
- Build confidence. Helping your student to connect their previous experiences with prospective opportunities helps them to get into a confident mindset. Where have they made a difference in their community and the lives of others? What are they most proud of? What is a difficult situation they have faced and overcame?
- Visualize the end game. Help your student to think through what they want at the end of the interview. What is important to your student? Are they motivated by making a difference, earning a certain amount of money, being in a unique geographic location, being close to loved ones, something else or a combination of these concepts? What kind of a workplace would they thrive in? Where do they see themselves six months from now? Knowing how this prospective opportunity helps them to connect with their values and a higher sense of purpose can be a powerful insight.
At the end of the day, interviewing is a great opportunity for hiring managers and applicants to learn more about each other. Applicants can explore whether their skills and interests match the needs of the organization. Hiring managers use the conversation to assess the potential of a candidate to carry out and advance their efforts. Helping your student to feel more comfortable in the interview process will help them now and throughout their career journey.
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Ketamine-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2,450-MHz microwaves at an average power density of 60 mW/cm2 (whole body specific absorption rate of approximately 14 W/kg) until lethal temperatures were attained. The effects of propranolol (2 or 10 mg/kg body wt), nadolol (10 mg/kg), and labetalol (10 mg/kg) on physiological responses (including changes in body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate) were examined. Lethal temperatures in the labetalol and both propranolol groups were significantly lower than in saline controls. Survival time was significantly less only in the high-dose propranolol group. In all groups, heart rate increased continuously during exposure; blood pressure increased until colonic temperature reached 41–41.5 degrees C and then decreased. These heart rate and blood pressure changes were similar to those that occur during environmental heat stress. Heart rate and blood pressure changes among groups were similar. Respiratory rate, however, was significantly elevated during most of the exposure period in the high-dose propranolol animals. This change in respiration, coupled with the significantly lower survival time in these animals, suggests a vital role of respiration in susceptibility to microwave-induced heating.
- Copyright © 1994 the American Physiological Society
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I can solve the following problems in particular:
Ability to repeat a 100-digit random number given by the audience, after hearing it only once, in both forward and reverse orders.
1. Square root of a number upto 1 Million
2. Cube root of a number upto 100 Million
3. Fourth root of a number upto Million
4. Fifth root of a number upto 10 Billion
5. Sixth root of a number upto 1 Trillion
Ability to multiply a maximum of five-digit number with another five-digit number in about 25 seconds using a pen and paper.
CALENDAR (AD or BC Infinite Years)
* If date, month and year are given, can tell the day of the week within a second.
* If the day, month and year are given, he can tell the day.
* And if the day, date and year are given, can tell the month.
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How to know when to change your financial plan
Financial planning is like taking a long car trip. You plan your route, your schedule, and your eventual destination in advance; but then you have to be prepared to adjust for detours, traffic delays, bad weather, fatigue or other unexpected changes.
When it comes to financial planning, you face this same conflict between sticking to a long-range plan and dealing with the realities of life that occur along the way. The key is being able to distinguish between legitimate reasons to change your plan and simply getting misdirected by new developments until you no longer know where you are heading.
Life happens, and you adjust
Examples of life developments that may warrant a change in your financial plan are:
Getting a raise. As your career starts to take shape, your earnings might change significantly enough to justify raising your lifestyle expectations, but this should be done as part of a plan.
When people get that bump up in pay, they tend to feel like they have a little extra money and can afford to spend more freely. However, a raise should not be a trigger to spend indiscriminately because, in many cases, an increase in income is already an assumption incorporated into your long-term financial plan.
After all, such plans have to account for inflation, and a lot of people plan on doing the bulk of their retirement saving during what they assume will be their peak earning years.
Incorporating a pay raise into your long-term plan will allow you to distinguish between incremental increases that simply keep you on track and more significant jumps that truly accommodate a change in lifestyle.
- Having kids. Even if having kids was part of your long-term thinking all along, you need to anticipate the needs of your growing family and adjust your plan with each child. It can be tough to deny your kids anything if it seems you can afford it, but incorporating spending on the children into your financial plan will help you make sure to preserve your resources to best take care of their long-term needs.
- Financial setbacks. Losing a job, a drop in income, or a significant investment decline needs to be factored into your long-range plan. This can be disheartening; but the sooner you adjust your plan, the less impact it will have because you only compound the impact of a setback if you continue spending at a level based on resources you no longer have.
- Dreams come into focus. It may be a vacation home, a sailboat, or starting a business. It is not financially irresponsible to pursue your dreams as long as you have a plan and, as part of that plan, you can see how that pursuit will affect your other financial goals.
- Retirement vs. lifestyle. The desire to retire early can grow very strong, and long-range financial planning will help you see what impact early retirement would have on your lifestyle. It may be that freedom from work is a more important lifestyle priority to you than being able to afford a few more luxuries.
When to stay the course
If the above are legitimate reasons to change your financial plan, the following are examples of when you should stay on course:
- The urge to buy is not a plan. You may discover new things you want; but unless you incorporate them into your long-term plan before you commit, your spending will get pulled off course.
- Wait for investment windfalls to even out. A big year in the stock market can make people suddenly feel wealthy. Resist the temptation to spend that new wealth, because chances are you will need that extra money to cushion you against disappointing returns sometime in the future.
- Don't make career decisions in the heat of the moment. The emotional impulse to quit a job or retire can be strong, but remember that your career is a centerpiece of your financial plan. Don't take any action until you have measured its impact on your plan.
Having a structure to lean on helps
The key distinction between things that should change your financial plan and those that shouldn't is whether they truly represent a shift in long-term priorities or they're just a short-term impulse. This is where the structure of a financial plan can help. If you think you want to do something that wasn't part of the plan, don't simply act on that impulse. Try incorporating that action into your plan so you can see what long-term impact it will have.
Looking at your decisions as part of a long-term financial plan will allow you to see the trade-offs that will result from changing course, and perhaps force you to think about things a little longer before you act. That extra time to think can make all the difference between a financial mistake and a reasoned change in plan.
Do you have an overall financial plan for your life? How did you become aware that a financial plan would help, and what guides your decisions?
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We at Children's Hospital Colorado believe that every child deserves to have a happy, healthy future. As a key component of our mission, child health research is at the heart of our ability to deliver the very best care for kids.
If you're considering participating in research or a clinical trial, below are answers to some of parents' most common questions.
Questions before starting a clinical trial
Participants in clinical trials gain access to new research treatments before they are widely available. Often the process of collecting information in the study will allow your doctor to find out more about your condition and the effects it has on you. This may allow you to benefit from better treatment after completing the trial. Many patients also derive satisfaction from knowing they are aiding in an effort to help reduce the suffering of other people suffering from the same ailment.
Benefits: Clinical trials that are well-designed and well-executed are the best approach for eligible participants to:
- Gain access to new research treatments before they are widely available.
- Obtain expert medical care during the trial.
- Help others by contributing to medical research.
Risks: There are risks to clinical trials.
- There may be unpleasant, or even serious side effects to treatment.
- The treatment may not be effective for the participant.
- The study may require more of their time and attention, including trips to the study site, more treatments, or complex dosage requirements.
The ethical and legal codes that govern medical practice also apply to clinical trials. In addition, clinical research is federally regulated with built in safeguards to protect the participants. The trial follows a carefully controlled protocol, a study plan that details what researchers will do in the study. As a clinical trial progresses, researchers report the results of the trial at scientific meetings, to medical journals, and to various governmental agencies. Individual participants’ names will remain secret and will not be mentioned in these reports.
People should know as much as possible about the clinical trial and feel comfortable asking the members of the healthcare team questions about it. The following questions might be helpful for you to discuss with the healthcare team. Some of the answers to these questions are found in the informed consent document.
- What is the purpose of the study?
- Who is going to be in the study?
- Why do researchers believe the new treatment being tested may be effective? Has it been tested before?
- What kinds of tests and treatments are involved?
- How do the possible risks, side effects, and benefits in the study compare with my current treatment?
- How might this trial affect my daily life?
- How long will the trial last?
- Will I be reimbursed for other expenses?
- What type of long-term follow up care is part of this study?
- How will I know that the treatment is working? Will results of the trials be provided to me?
- Who will be in charge of my care?
- Plan ahead and write down possible questions to ask.
- If you would feel more comfortable, ask a friend or relative to come along for support.
- Bring a notebook to take notes while meeting with the doctor.
Yes. Most clinical trials provide short-term treatments related to a designated illness or condition, but do not provided extended or complete primary healthcare. Additionally, this will ensure that other medications or treatments provided by your primary doctor not conflict with the study medication.
Yes. You can leave a clinical trial at any time. When withdrawing from the trial, you should let the research team know and briefly explain your reasons for the leaving the study.
General questions during a clinical trial
A clinical trial is a research study in human volunteers to answer specific health questions. Carefully conducted clinical trials are the safest way to find new treatments that will improve health problems.
Our clinical trial team includes doctors, psychologists, nurses, and study coordinators. They check your health at the beginning of the trial, give specific instructions for participating in the trial, and monitor your health carefully during the trial.
Side effects are any undesired effects of the study medication. These effects may include headache, nausea, skin irritation, or other physical problems.
All clinical trials have guidelines about who can participate, which are an important aspect of medical research that helps to produce reliable results. "Inclusion criteria" are the factors that allow someone to participate in a clinical trial, while "exclusion criteria" are those that disallow someone from participating. These criteria are based on such factors as age, the type and stage of disease, previous treatment history, and other medical conditions. The criteria are used to identify appropriate participants, keep those participants safe, and ensure that researchers are able to answer the desired questions. Before joining a clinical trial, a participant must qualify for the study. Our standard practice is to have a study coordinator conduct a telephone screen with you to determine whether you meet the criteria for the study and whether the study may be a benefit to you.
Technical questions about clinical trials
Anyone entering a clinical trial in the United States is required to sign an informed consent, a form indicating that they understand what will happen to them during the study. It is a continuing process throughout the study to provide updated information for participants. To help you decide whether or not to participate, the doctor will help to explain the details of the study. Then you will be given the informed consent document that includes details about the study, such as its purpose, duration, required procedures, and key contacts. Risks and potential benefits are explained in the informed consent document. Then you decide whether or not to sign the document. Informed consent is not a contract, but an agreement that you understand the study. You may withdraw from the trial at any time.
The pharmaceutical company, government research institution, or other health organization that funds a clinical trial and designs its protocol.
A protocol is the plan for how to conduct the clinical trials. The plan is carefully designed to safeguard the health of the participants while answering specific research questions. A protocol describes what types of people may participate in the trial; the schedule of tests, procedures, medications, and dosages; and the length of the study.
Every clinical trial in the U.S. must be approved and monitored by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) to make sure the risks are as low as possible and are worth any potential benefits. An IRB is an independent committee of physicians, statisticians, community advocates, and others that ensures that a clinical trial is ethical and the rights of study participants are protected.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a government agency that monitors the manufacture, testing, effectiveness and use of drugs and medical devices. The FDA must initially approve a drug before it can be further tested on humans in our studies. When the results of the studies are completed, the FDA will then determine the effectiveness of the drug to determine whether it should be placed on the market for general public use.
A placebo is an inactive pill that has no treatment value. In clinical trials, experimental treatments are often compared with a placebo to determine the effectiveness of the treatment. In some studies, a group of participants are randomly selected to receive a placebo instead of an active medication.
If you and the study doctor determine your condition is not improving while you are in the study, it could be because you are on the placebo. We will then provide you with other standardized treatment, which you and the study doctor determine, and discuss with you other treatment options.
Clinical trials are conducted in phases. The trials at each phase have a different purpose and help scientists to answer different questions:
In Phase I trials, researchers test a new drug in a small group of people (20-80 for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify any side effects.
- In Phase II trials, the study drug is given to a larger group of people (100-300) to determine the effectiveness and safety.
- In Phase III trials, the study drug is given to a larger group of people (1,000-3,000) to confirm its effectiveness, determine its safety, monitor side effects, and compare it to commonly used treatments.
- In Phase IV trials, post-marketing studies identify additional information including the drug’s risks, benefits, and optimal use.
Questions after a clinical trial
If your child participated in a research study at Children’s Colorado, please visit ClinicalTrials.gov for information regarding the outcomes. Clinicaltrials.gov is intended under law to provide complete results, information and enhance patients’ access to the results of clinical trials.
If you can’t find what you’re looking for, please contact the primary investigator and/or your child’s doctor.
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|Photo by Myron Tay (Oriental Bird Images)|
yellow-fronted canary (en); canário-de-testa-amarela (pt); serin du Mozambique (fr); canario de Mozambique (es); Mosambikgirlitz (de)
This species is native from sub-Saharan Africa, from southern Mauritania to Ethiopia and south to Angola, Botswana, Mozambique and eastern South Africa. They are popular cage birds and have been introduced to many areas around human settlements around the globe, namely Haiti, Puerto Rico, São Tomé, Mafia island, Mauritius and Réunion.
These birds are 11-13 cm long and have a wingspan of 20-23 cm. They weigh 8,5-17 g.
The yellow-fronted canary is mostly found in dry, open savannas, namely Acacia, Burkea and miombo, also using grasslands, coastal scrublands, mangroves, sand dunes, pastures and agricultural areas. They are present from sea level up to an altitude of 2.300 m.
They feed mainly on seeds, of both wild plants and domestic crops such as sorghum, millet and sunflowers. They also eat some flowers and leaves, nectar, and some insects such as termites, aphids, fly larvae, caterpillars and grasshoppers.
Yellow-fronted canaries generally breed during the local wet season. They are socially monogamous and territorial, although in some cases several pairs nest in the same tree. The female builds the nest, a small deep cup of tendrils, bark fibres, leaf petioles, seeds, dry grasses and sometimes pieces of string, bound with spider web and lined with rootlets and plant down. It is typically placed in a fork in a scrub, tree or creeper, roughly 1-8 m above ground.The female lays 2-5 eggs, which she incubates alone for 13-15 days. The chicks are fed by the female while the male collects the food, fledging 16-24 days after hatching, but only becoming independent some 6 weeks later.
IUCN status - LC (Least Concern)
This species has a very large breeding range and is described as common to locally abundant. The population is suspected to be in decline as a result of capture for the cage bird trade.
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Thinking long term
There was a time where doctors adopted a palliative approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma. Over the last decade, however, new treatments have substantially increased survival expectations. Yet doctors still think of some relatively fit people with mulitple myeloma as having only a year or so to live, which can lead to their under-treatment. This campaign was designed to challenge that viewpoint and, at the same time, position Celgene as experts in the treatment of the condition.
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Like many of you, I like to engage now and then in a bit of lexpionage (the sleuthing of new words and phrases). Neologisms say so much about the precarious state of our civilization. Here's one from today's headlines: "Web death," as in "Family shock at Florida web death."
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Vascular contraction can be an essential determinant from the peripheral vascular resistance and blood circulation pressure. kinase (MEK) that eventually connect to the contractile myofilaments and trigger VSM contraction. Also, PKC translocation towards the nucleus may promote VSM development and proliferation. Elevated PKC appearance and activity have already been identified in a number of types of hypertension. The subcellular area of PKC may determine the condition of VSM activity, and could end up being useful in the medical diagnosis/prognosis of hypertension. Vascular PKC isoforms may represent particular goals for modulation of VSM hyperactivity, and isoform-specific PKC inhibitors could be useful in treatment of Ca2+ antagonist-resistant types of hypertension. research suggest a job of PKC in VSM contraction especially in arteries of animal types of hypertension, few research have investigated the consequences of INO-1001 PKC inhibitors. Support for potential great things about concentrating on PKC in hypertension originated from research using the antihypertensive substance cicletanine. Cicletanine works well in salt-sensitive hypertension, where dysregulation from the sodium pump has a pathogenic function and marinobufagenin, an endogenous inhibitor of just one 1 Na/K-ATPase, turns into elevated and plays a part in hypertension. Dahl-S rats on 8% NaCl diet plan exhibit a rise in blood circulation pressure, marinobufagenin excretion, still left ventricular mass, and myocardial Na/K-ATPase, II-PKC and -PKC. Cicletanine-treated INO-1001 Dahl-S rats display reduction in blood circulation pressure and still left ventricular Rabbit Polyclonal to MRPS18C weight, reduced awareness of Na/K-ATPase to marinobufagenin, no upsurge in II-PKC, and decreased phorbol diacetate-induced Na/K-ATPase phosphorylation. These data claim that PKC-induced phosphorylation of cardiac 1 Na/K-ATPase is normally a likely focus on for cicletanine in hypertension . The consequences of cicletanine perhaps INO-1001 involve an impact over the vasculature. In isolated individual mesenteric arteries, marinobufagenin induces suffered vasoconstriction, cicletanine causes rest of the contraction, and phorbol diacetate attenuates cicletanine-induced vasorelaxation. In mesenteric artery sarcolemmal membranes, marinobufagenin inhibits Na/K-ATPase activity, cicletanine attenuates Na/K-ATPase inhibition, and phorbol diacetate stops the cicletanine-induced attenuation of marinobufagenin inhibition of Na/K-ATPase. Cicletanine also causes inhibition of rat human brain PKC activity, as well as the PKC inhibition isn’t observed in the current presence of INO-1001 phorbol diacetate. It would appear that PKC phosphorylates 1 Na/K-ATPase and boosts its marinobufagenin awareness. Cicletanine, via inhibition of PKC, reverses marinobufagenin-induced Na/K-ATPase inhibition and vasoconstriction. PKC can be possibly a significant factor for cardiotonic steroid-Na/K-ATPase connections on vascular shade, and could represent a potential focus on for therapeutic involvement in hypertension . Perspectives The duty of characterizing PKC 30 years back is now getting more challenging with the breakthrough of at least 11 PKC isoforms. Each PKC isoform includes a peculiar subcellular distribution, an absolute mobile substrate, and a particular cell function. This review highlighted the function of PKC in VSM contraction as well as the vascular control systems of blood circulation pressure; nevertheless, several points have to be clarified and essential questions remain to become answered. Furthermore to VSM contraction, PKC isoforms could be involved with VSM development and hypertrophic vascular redecorating in hypertension. For example, overexpression of -PKC in A7r5 VSM cells stimulates cell proliferation . Also, -PKC may donate to aortic VSM development [15,30]. The improved PKC activity together with elevation of [Ca2+]i may exert trophic results around the vasculature as well as the center, thereby detailing the narrowing from the lumen in peripheral arteries as well as the cardiac hypertrophy of long-standing hypertension . Many research show PKC localization towards the cell membrane during VSM activation, a house that may be utilized for the analysis/prognosis of VSM hyperactivity connected with hypertension. Nevertheless, the subcellular redistribution of triggered PKC can vary greatly with regards to the type and large quantity of membrane lipids. For example, erythrocyte membranes of seniors hypertensive subjects display increased cholesterol/phospholipid percentage and contain higher degrees of monounsaturated and lower degrees of polyunsaturated essential fatty acids when compared with normotensive controls. Nevertheless, the degrees of membrane-associated (energetic/preactive) PKC aren’t elevated, but instead reduced in seniors hypertensive topics. These modifications in PKC distribution in seniors subjects are improbable to be linked to the etiopathology of hypertension, but may match adaptive compensatory systems in response to hypertension . PKC inhibitors could possibly be helpful in modulation of VSM function in hypertension particularly if used in mixture with other settings of treatment. PKC inhibitors INO-1001 could potentiate the vascular ramifications of Ca2+ route blockers. Also, focusing on Ca2+-impartial PKC isoforms could possibly be effective in Ca2+ antagonist-resistant types of hypertension. The consequences of PKC inhibitors on vascular function and blood circulation pressure may be potentiated by inhibitors of Rho-kinase and MAPK-dependent pathways..
AIM To research interleukin (IL)-26 manifestation in the inflamed mucosa of individuals with inflammatory colon disease (IBD) as well as the function of IL-26. a humidified chamber. Subsequently, anti–smooth muscle mass actin (SMA) antibodies had been used and incubated over night. Dylight488-tagged anti-goat IgG, Dylight549-tagged anti-mouse IgG, or Dylight549-tagged anti-mouse IgG had been used as supplementary antibodies. Images had been obtained with an electronic confocal laser beam scanning microscope LSM510 edition 3.0 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Tokyo, Japan). Tradition of human being colonic SEMFs Main ethnicities of colonic SEMFs had been prepared based on the technique reported by Mahida et al. The mobile characteristics and tradition MLN0128 conditions are also described inside our earlier record. The research had been performed on passages 3-6 of SEMFs. Change transcription-polymerase chain response and Real-time polymerase string reaction The appearance of mRNA in the examples was evaluated by invert transcription polymerase string response (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR evaluation. RT-PCR was performed based on the strategies described inside our prior record. Total RNA was extracted using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and was invert transcribed using SuperScript II (Invitrogen). Subsequently, cDNAs had been generated using SYBR Premix Former mate Taq (TAKARA, Shiga, Japan), and real-time PCR was performed utilizing a LightCycler480 Program II (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) with particular primers for focus on genes. The PCR primers found in this research are proven in Table ?Desk11. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in cell lifestyle supernatants had been motivated using ELISA products (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Silencing gene appearance in individual colonic SEMFs Individual colonic SEMFs had been transfected with siRNA particular for STAT1, STAT3, nuclear aspect (NF)-Bp65, and c-Jun based on the guidelines for Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen). Quickly, individual colonic SEMFs had been cultured in full moderate without antibiotics in the current presence of an assortment of an RNAi duplex and Lipofectamine RNAiMAX for 24 h, and had MLN0128 been then activated with or without IL-26 for 3 h. Nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins removal and immunoblot evaluation Nuclear proteins had been extracted using the CelLytic NuCLEAR Removal Package (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Extracted nuclear protein had been put through immunoblotting with rabbit anti-NF-Bp65 (C-20) antibody or mouse anti-phospho (P)-c-Jun (Kilometres-1) antibody, accompanied by incubation with HRP-labeled anti-rabbit antibody or HRP-labeled anti-mouse antibody. Immunoblots had been performed regarding to a way previously referred to[33,34]. Sign recognition was performed using the improved chemiluminescence Traditional western blot program (GE Healthcare, Small Chalfont, UK). Cytoplasmic proteins was extracted utilizing a lysis buffer [50 mmol/L Tris pH 8.0, 0.5% Nonidet P-40, 1 mmol/L EDTA, 150 mmol/L NaCl, 2 mmol/L Na3VO4, 1 mmol/L NaF, 20 mmol/L Na4P2O7, 1 mmol/L PMSF, 10% MLN0128 glycerol and complete Mini Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche Diagnostics)]. Extracted proteins was put through immunoblotting with antibodies against phospho-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, or SAPK/JNK, Akt, STAT1, or STAT3 accompanied by incubation with HRP-labeled anti-rabbit antibody or HRP-labeled anti-mouse antibody. After recognition as referred to above, the membrane was stripped using Restore Traditional western Blot Stripping Buffer (Thermo Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA) and was after that incubated with antibodies against total-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK, Akt, STAT1, or STAT3. Statistical evaluation Single comparisons had been analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Distinctions resulting in beliefs of significantly less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. The statistical ways of this research had been reviewed with a biomedical statistician from Shiga College or university of Medical Research. RESULTS IL-26 appearance in IBD mucosa The mRNA appearance of IL-26 in the swollen mucosa of MLN0128 IBD sufferers was examined using real-time PCR. As proven in Figure ?Body1,1, IL-26 mRNA appearance was SLC3A2 faintly detected in regular mucosa. The mucosal mRNA appearance of IL-26 was considerably higher in energetic UC sufferers than in the inactive UC mucosa and regular mucosa. Similar results had been also seen in the swollen mucosa of Compact disc patients. The common degree of IL-26 mRNA manifestation was considerably higher in energetic Compact disc mucosa than in energetic UC mucosa. Open up in another window Body 1 Appearance of interleukin-26 mRNA in the swollen mucosa of sufferers with inflammatory colon disease. Total RNA was extracted from biopsied examples, as well as the mRNA appearance of IL-26 was examined using real-time PCR. IL-26 mRNA appearance was changed into a value in accordance with -actin mRNA appearance.
This study examined the contribution of mast cells to colonCbladder cross organ sensitization induced by colon irritation with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS-CI). with ketotifen (20 M), whereas contractions of pieces from control animals were not significantly changed. Bladder pieces were pretreated with SLIGRL-NH2 (100 M) to desensitize PAR-2, the receptor for mast cell tryptase. SLIGRL-NH2 pretreatment reduced by 60C80% the 48/80 caused contractions in pieces from rodents with TNBS-CI but did not alter the buy WHI-P 154 contractions in pieces from control rodents. These data show that bladder mast cells contribute to the bladder disorder following Rabbit Polyclonal to RPLP2 colonCbladder cross-sensitization. Keywords: Bladder, Bowel, Mast cell, PAR-2, Cross-sensitization, Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, Chemical substance 48/80, Afferent nerve fibres 1. Intro Ladies going through chronic pelvic pain often show overlapping symptoms of interstitial cystitis (IC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Mathias et al., 1996). Much of this overlap is definitely attributable to central and peripheral neural mechanisms of pelvic organ cross-sensitization (Malykhina, 2007). Specifically, the bladder and colon receive part of their afferent innervations from the same subpopulation of lumbosacral dorsal main ganglion (DRG) cells (Christianson et al., 2007), an anatomical business that could allow afferent activity arising in one organ to become transmitted by antidromic action potentials to the additional co-innervated organ. In addition, afferent activity from both body organs carried by the shared DRG neurons should become received by a common populace of second order neurons in the spinal wire. Therefore, service of nociceptive afferents in one organ could sensitize central sensory pathways or induce firing in peripheral afferent pathways in another organ to launch afferent neurotransmitters such as compound P that result in neurogenic swelling (Pan et al., 2010). These mechanisms could lead to recruitment and service of mast cells, launch of inflammatory mediators, plasma extravasation and clean muscle mass contraction. The juxtaposition of compound P positive nerve materials and mast cells (Bauer and Razin, 2000) may perform an important part in pelvic organ cross-sensitization by amplifying afferent signaling. Intravenous administration of Chemical substance 48/80, a mast cell activating and degranulating agent, which depletes mast cells of their inflammatory mediators, significantly attenuated and/or abolished ovalbumin-induced maximal bladder contractile response and bladder plasma protein extravasation in a rat model of bladder overactivity induced by sensitization with ovalbumin (Ahluwalia et al., 1998). Furthermore, mast cell deficient mice show reduced pelvic pain behavior and bladder permeability changes to noxious bladder stimuli (Bauer and Razin, 2000) and do buy WHI-P 154 not develop pseudorabies computer virus caused swelling of the bladder (Jasmin et al., 2000). Our earlier studies in rodents with bladder overactivity following trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-colon irritation (TNBS-CI) exposed improved figures of mast cells in the bladder (Ustinova et al., 2007) and that colonCbladder cross-sensitization is definitely dependent upon capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber afferents (Ustinova et al., 2006; Christianson et al., 2007; Ustinova et al., 2007). The goal of the present study was to further elucidate some of the major contributors to colonCbladder cross-sensitization, focusing on the part of the mast cell and its downstream focuses on. Specifically, we identified if mast cells are an essential link in the pathway for colonCbladder cross-sensitization by the treating the animals with ketotifen fumarate, a mast cell stabilizing agent, after TNBS-CI. We consequently examined bladder function, including voiding interval and urothelial permeability as steps of end-organ switch. In addition, we tested the mast cell activating agent, Compound 48/80, on in vitro clean muscle mass strip preparations to determine if the reactions to mast cell mediators were modified in the model. Finally, we further examined the part buy WHI-P 154 of mast cells in cross-sensitization by inducing TNBS-CI in the KitW/KitW-v mast cell-deficient mice. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Animal model Virgin, female Sprague Dawley rodents (200C250 g, n=66) purchased from Hilltop Labs (Scotdale, PA) were located in polypropylene cages with ad-libitum access to food and water in the University or college of Pittsburgh animal facility. All experimental methods were authorized by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University or college of Pittsburgh. We also studied KitW/KitW-v mast cell-deficient mice (n=42) and control wild-type (WT, Kit+/+) mice (n=34) purchased from Jackson Labs (Bar Harbor, Maine) as complete deletion of the c-kit gene to eliminate mast cells is usually a lethal mutation in rats (Waskow.
Claudins (Claudin1 (dramatically inhibited the metastasis and intrusion of CNE2 cells suggesting that could work while a biomarker for NPC metastasis. different subdomains [4C5]. Some of the also can type strands in additional non-epithelial cell or become discovered outdoors of TJ [6C8], where their functions are questioned still. offers been expected to work mainly because a growth suppressor gene in carcinomas of breasts, prostate, digestive tract, and liver organ [9C15]. Nevertheless, the high appearance of can mediate TNF-induced gene appearance, promote cell intrusion and lessen apoptosis in human being gastric adenocarcinoma MKN28 cells, MCF7 breasts tumor cells and A549 lung tumor cells [16C18]. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, up-regulated appearance confers level of resistance to cell loss of life . A lack of is a solid indicator of local recurrence in oropharyngeal and dental squamous cell carcinoma . Nevertheless, in ovarian carcinoma, CLDN7 is significantly up-regulated and may be involved in ovarian carcinoma metastasis functionally. over appearance in the human being gastric adenocarcinoma cell range AGS can raises its invasiveness, migration, and expansion. can type a structure with EpCAM, Compact KOS953 disc44 version isoforms, and tetraspanins to promote colorectal tumor development [22, 23]. In NPC, overexpression can be connected with metastasis and a low success price [24, 25]. Many research additional reported that got polymerization inclination and can become discovered outside of TJ , and that the part of in growth was connected with their localization and polymerization position inside the cells [26, 27]. Clinical research possess demonstrated that 100% of major NPCs and 58% of cervical nodal metastases of NPCs consist of hypoxic areas . HIF1 proteins can be over indicated in NPC cells likened with regular nasopharyngeal cells, and takes on a main part in growth advancement, including development price, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis . Nevertheless, the impact of hypoxia on the appearance of in NPCs continues to be unfamiliar. The present research directed to assess the appearance of and under different cell difference position, and their romantic relationship to growth development in NPCs. The impact of hypoxia on and expression was evaluated in a hypoxicmodel also. Outcomes The appearance are related to the difference position of the nasopharyngeal tumor The examples had been divided into two organizations: low appearance (rating of 0 to 2) or high appearance (rating of 3 to 9) examples. KOS953 As demonstrated in Shape ?Shape1,1, appearance price was high in 65.6% (25/38, Figure ?Shape1C)1C) and 68% (17/25, Shape ?Shape1G)1D) in differentiated KOS953 and undifferentiated NPC individuals, respectively. appearance price was demonstrated at 42.5% (17/40, Figure ?Shape1G)1G) and 61.5% (16/26, Figure ?Shape1H)1H) in the differentiated vs. undifferentiated NPC individuals, respectively. appearance was adversely related with the difference position of the nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, with a higher appearance in undifferentiated NPC examples (Shape ?(Shape1L1L). Shape 1 Dark brown yellowing demonstrates the appearance and area of CLDN1 Rabbit polyclonal to LOXL1 Relationship between appearance and nasopharyngeal tumor cell difference We following utilized CNE1/CNE2 cells to additional confirm the result above. CNE1/CNE2 cells represent well-differentiated and differentiated NPC cells badly, respectively. We examined the relationship between appearance and the difference position of the cells. The current PCR (for primer sequences, discover Desk ?Desk1)1) and Traditional western mark outcomes demonstrated that there had been considerably higher KOS953 appearance of in CNE2 than in CNE1 (Shape ?(Figure1We1We). Desk 1 Primers utilized for PCR Mixed with the immunohistochemical yellowing data above, proven that the appearance in differentiated carcinoma was considerably higher badly, recommending a close association with the difference of NPC cells and tissues. Because the poor difference of tumor can be generally regarded as to become related to high metastasis and low success price, consequently we got the following stage to investigate the relationship of CLDN7 appearance with the intrusion of NPC. promotes NPC migration and intrusion CNE2 cells with high appearance, certainly proven a higher migration capability likened to CNE1 cells (Shape ?(Figure2A),2A), which supports the hypothesis that cells with poor differentiation status possess high tendency of invasion and migration. Using little interfering RNA technology (for the si-RNA silencing gene sequences, discover Desk ?Desk2),2), we knocked straight down in CNE2 to investigate the relationship between and the cell intrusion capability. The total result showed that the cell invasion and migration index was significantly reduced after si-RNA transfection.
Melanoma tumors usually retain wild-type p53; however, its tumor-suppressor activity is definitely functionally handicapped, most generally through an inactivating connections with mouse double-minute 2 homolog (Mdm2), suggesting g53 discharge from this complicated as a potential healing strategy. downstream signaling account activation enclosed to the mitogen-activated proteins kinase/extracellular signal-regulated buy 66085-59-4 kinase path. This Nutlin-3 useful selectivity converted into IGF-1-mediated bioactivities with biphasic results on the proliferative and metastatic phenotype: an early boost and past due lower in the amount of proliferative and migratory cells, while the invasiveness was totally inhibited pursuing Nutlin-3 treatment through an damaged IGF-1-mediated matrix metalloproteinases type 2 account activation system. Used jointly, these trials reveal the biased agonistic properties of Nutlin-3 for the mitogen-activated proteins kinase path, mediated by Mdm2 through IGF-1Ur ubiquitination and offer fundamental ideas into destabilizing g53/Mdm2/IGF-1Ur circuitry that could end up being created for healing gain. Launch Most cancers is normally the most fatal form of pores and skin tumor, and strikingly, its incidence offers doubled over the past four decades in Western populations. Although treatable by surgery at early phases, the disease offers a high propensity to metastasize and medical end result from this stage results in GFAP a 5-yr survival rate <20%.1 Melanoma originates from melanocytes in the pores and skin, specialized pigment-producing cells that buffer and cover the body against the damaging effects of buy 66085-59-4 ultraviolet (UV) rays. Hence, melanoma development is definitely intricately connected to UV exposure.2 It is perhaps not amazing that large-scale sequencing studies possess founded melanoma as among the cancers with the highest mutation weight, correlating its pathogenicity with the molecular signatures of UV damage therefore.3 Yet, what makes most cancers stand away within this group of high mutation insert malignancies is the low mutation frequency of the p53 gene.4 In comparison to other cancers types with similar mutation a good deal such as digestive tract and lung malignancies, in which g53 is mutated in about 80C90% of situations, only 10C20% of cancerous melanomas contain somatic mutations in the TP53 gene.5, 6, 7 The tumor-suppressor g53 stops carcinogenesis by preserving hereditary balance through triggering DNA fix mechanisms, causing development detain and, if harm severity is beyond fix, initiating apoptosis.8 In an unstressed environment, g53 is definitely kept at low levels by its organic inhibitor Mdm2 (mouse double-minute 2 homolog) through at least two main mechanisms: the direct binding of Mdm2 to the N-terminal end of p53 slows its nuclear translocation and transcriptional service, while the Mdm2 E3 ubiquitin ligase focuses on p53 for degradation through the 26S proteasome.9 When confronted with cellular stress of various types, including UV radiation and oncogene activation, the Mdm2/p53 interaction is prevented leading to an extended half-life and enhanced p53 transcriptional activity. The system is definitely returned to its low p53 balance through a bad opinions loop, as p53 transcriptionally raises Mdm2.10 Mdm2 was originally identified as being gene-amplified on double-minute chromosomes in transformed mouse fibroblasts,11 and in line with its well-characterized role as a negative regulator of the tumor-suppressor p53, it is traditionally defined as an oncogene. However, there is definitely growing evidence suggesting the possibility that in the appropriate context Mdm2 can also exert inhibitory effects on cell proliferation thus acting as a tumor suppressor (for an extensive review, see Manfredi12). Although the molecular basis underlying the growth-suppressing function of Mdm2 is far from being elucidated, one possible area of research, as related to its ubiquitin-ligase function, is that, in addition to p53, Mdm2 directly ubiquitinates and degrades other substrates. Within this theme, we described the involvement of Mdm2 in ubiquitination of the tumor-promoting insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R).13 We proved that Mdm2 physically associated with and directly caused ubiquitination with subsequent degradation as well as downstream signaling activation of the IGF-1L and this impact was individual of the g53 position (that is, wild type buy 66085-59-4 or mutated).14, 15, 16 While for many other growth types, IGF-1R offers been demonstrated to possess a central part in the development and maintenance of the malignant phenotype of most cancers cells. This contains autocrine arousal through IGF-1 ligand/IGF-1L,17 apoptosis avoidance through service of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3E) and mitogen-activated proteins kinase (MAPK) paths,18 in tumors articulating causing downstream RAS/RAF mutations even.19 In particular, IGF-1R offers been shown to possess a crucial role in melanoma cell metastasis20 and invasion, 21 and anti-IGF-1R therapy offers shown part response in advanced melanoma patients.22, 23, 24, 25, 26 Most malignant melanoma tumors retain wild-type p53 (wtp53)5, 6, 7 and have instead developed alternative mechanisms, most commonly overproduction of Mdm2, for disabling p53 expression and function.27, 28, 29 Small-molecule inhibitors have been developed with the aim of reactivating p53 by preventing its interaction with Mdm2. Nutlin-3 is one such small-molecule inhibitor, a cis-imidazoline analog,.
Herpesviruses have got evolved a unique system for nucleocytoplasmic transportation of nascent nucleocapsids: the nucleocapsids bud through the inner nuclear membrane layer (INM; principal envelopment), and the surrounded nucleocapsids after that blend with the external nuclear membrane layer (de-envelopment). ribonucleoprotein processes and herpesvirus nucleocapsids, make use of a exclusive vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transportation: the processes acquire principal envelopes by flourishing through the internal nuclear membrane layer into the space between the internal and external nuclear walls (principal envelopment), and the surrounded processes after that blend with the external nuclear membrane layer to discharge de-enveloped processes into the cytoplasm (de-envelopment). Nevertheless, there is certainly a absence of FRP-2 details on the molecular system of de-envelopment blend. We survey right here that HSV-1 hired 34420-19-4 mobile blend regulatory meats Compact disc98hc and 1 integrin to the nuclear membrane layer for virus-like de-envelopment blend. This is certainly the initial survey of mobile protein needed for effective de-envelopment of macromolecular processes during their nuclear egress. Launch Herpesviruses are surrounded double-stranded DNA infections that replicate their genomes and bundle the nascent progeny virus-like genomes into capsids in the nucleus, but these nascent infections acquire their last envelopes in the cytoplasm (1, 2). As a result, herpesvirus nucleocapsids must navigate the internal nuclear membrane layer (INM) and external nuclear membrane layer (ONM) for virus-like morphogenesis. Since herpesvirus nucleocapsids are as well huge to get across the ONM and INM through nuclear skin pores, the infections advanced a exclusive nuclear egress system: progeny nucleocapsids acquire principal envelopes by flourishing through the INM into the perinuclear space between the INM and ONM (principal envelopment) and surrounded nucleocapsids after that blend with the ONM to discharge de-enveloped nucleocapsids 34420-19-4 into the cytoplasm (de-envelopment) (1, 2). Although this type of vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transportation provides previously not really been reported, various other than for herpesvirus nuclear egress, it provides lately been reported that mobile ribonucleoprotein (RNP) processes make use of a equivalent system for their nucleocytoplasmic transportation in neurons (3). This recommended that vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transportation may end up being a general mobile procedure for move of huge macromolecular processes from the nucleus, mediated by particular mobile protein. Nevertheless, although vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transportation of nucleocapsids is certainly detectable in herpesvirus-infected cells easily, it provides not really been reported for various other mobile macromolecular processes in regular cells, except for the RNP processes in neurons defined above (3). As a result, particular signaling(t) may end up being needed to start and/or bring out vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transportation, and herpesvirus infections may effectively consider over the signaling(t), most likely by virus-like protein that interact with the mobile protein that regulate this procedure. In contract with this speculation, herpesviruses possess been reported to hire web host cell proteins kinase C (PKC) isoforms to the nuclear membrane layer for phosphorylation and dissolution of the nuclear lamina (1, 2, 4, 5). This provides been recommended to facilitate herpesvirus nucleocapsid gain access to to the INM in the initial step of nucleocytoplasmic transport, primary envelopment, using a heterodimeric complex, designated the nuclear egress complex (NEC), of two herpesvirus proteins that are conserved throughout the family (1, 2, 6). Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the best-characterized members of the family and an important human pathogen causing a variety of diseases, such as mucocutaneous diseases, keratitis, skin diseases, and 34420-19-4 encephalitis (7). The HSV-1 NEC, which consists of UL31 and UL34 proteins or their homologs in other herpesviruses, has been reported to play a critical role in primary envelopment by mediating modification of the nuclear lamina as described above (4, 5, 8, 9), recruiting nucleocapsids into primary envelopes (10, 11) and budding these primary enveloped virions through the INM (12,C14). In contrast, little is known about the next step of herpesviral nuclear egress, de-envelopment. It has been reported that HSV-1 de-envelopment 34420-19-4 appeared to be reduced by mutations in several viral proteins. Mutations that abrogate either the expression or catalytic activity of HSV-1 serine/threonine protein kinase Us3, the expression of both HSV-1 envelope glycoprotein B (gB) and gH, or the phosphorylation of UL31 have been reported to 34420-19-4 induce membranous structures containing primary enveloped virions that are invaginations of the INM into the nucleoplasm and to induce the aberrant accumulation of primary enveloped virions in the perinuclear space and in the induced invagination structures (15,C18). These observations suggested that gB, gH, UL31, and Us3 were required for efficient HSV-1 de-envelopment during HSV-1 nuclear egress. Although these observations suggested that these viral proteins are.
Background: Breast-cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (promoter methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in plasma of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) individuals. from plasma of NSCLC individuals provides essential prognostic info and merits to become further evaluated like a circulating tumour biomarker. show currently in 1999 that recognition of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes could possibly be recognized 1024033-43-9 manufacture in serum DNA from NSCLC individuals (Esteller promoter was methylated in DNA extracted from circulating tumour cells (CTCs) isolated from peripheral bloodstream of breast tumor individuals (Chimonidou promoter methylation had not been detected in noncancerous breast cells or harmless fibroadenomas, even though in breast tumor primary tumours it had been significantly connected with decreased disease-free success (Chimonidou gene promoter methylation in cfDNA circulating in plasma. The purpose of the present research was to judge for the very first time the prognostic need for promoter methylation in cfDNA circulating in plasma of NSCLC individuals. Towards this objective, the methylation was analyzed by us position of promoter-associated CpG isle in NSCLC cells, matched up adjacent non-cancerous cfDNA and tissue aswell as with healthy individuals. Strategies and Individuals The format from the workflow of our research is shown in Shape 1. Shape 1 Workflow from the scholarly research. Clinical samples The analysis material contains three different sets of clinical samples: (a) this set consisted of 57 NSCLC fresh-frozen tissues and corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues and 48 corresponding plasma samples. There were 46 men and 11 women (median age: 61 years), all diagnosed with operable (stage ICIII) NSCLC; 27 patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (AD), 25 had squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) and 5 were diagnosed with undifferentiated NSCLC; in this group, the majority of patients (91.5%) GHR were smokers and suffered from mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to pulmonary function tests that were included as a part of the standardised preoperative evaluation of the patients. All patients were treatment na?ve when the samples were collected, but after surgery all patients received regular chemotherapy protocols for adjuvant NSCLC, such as for example gemcitabine 1024033-43-9 manufacture in addition taxanes (90%) or platinum-based chemotherapy (10%). Nearly all individuals changed stage following the disease relapse to IIIB, (b) this arranged contains 74 cfDNA examples isolated from plasma of advanced (stage IV) NSCLC individuals. In this combined group, bloodstream was acquired at analysis and prior to the initiation of any systemic treatment. Fifty individuals got a non-squamous histology and 53 got faraway metastases whereas 21 got inoperable stage IIIB disease. Twenty-three individuals had been treated with solitary agent chemotherapy in the framework of geriatric chemotherapy protocols from the Hellenic Oncology Study Group (HORG), specifically docetaxel or gemcitabine whereas the rest of the 1024033-43-9 manufacture 51 individuals received chemotherapy mixtures associating a taxane having a 1024033-43-9 manufacture platinum substance. Among the evaluable for response individuals, 18 achieved a target response (CR: this arranged contains 24 cfDNA examples isolated from plasma of healthful donors. The tumour type and phases had been analysed histologically and cells sections including >80% of tumour cells had been useful for DNA removal and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) evaluation. All individuals offered their educated consent to take part in the scholarly research, which includes been approved by the Scientific and Ethical Committees of our Organizations. At the proper period of 1024033-43-9 manufacture medical procedures, all cells examples had been adobe flash freezing in water nitrogen and kept at instantly ?80?C until make use of. After venipuncture Immediately, peripheral bloodstream in EDTA was centrifuged at 2000?g for 10?min in room temp and 1?ml aliquots of plasma samples were stored in ?80?C until make use of. Isolation of genomic DNA from tumour cells Genomic DNA (gDNA) from NSCLC cells and related adjacent cells was isolated using the DNeasy Bloodstream and Tissue Package (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) relating.
The medicinal techniques and effects for cultivating are well-documented, but little is well known about the mycorrhizal fungi connected with (and represented 67?% from the test. 2007). Using vegetable cells methods (Ho et al. 1987), the cultivation and propagation of continues to be established in Taiwan for at least 20?years. However, pot culture and transplantation of the tissue-cultured plantlets in soil without colonized mycorrhizal fungi have been challenging due to poor plant growth and increased susceptibility to mites (Chang et al. 2007) and plant pathogenic fungi f. sp. (Huang et al. 2014) and the oomycete species of (e.g., and its associated mycorrhizal fungi. The beneficial association of symbiotic endomycorrhizal fungi with orchids is well-documented (Rasmussen 2002). In nature, the seeds of orchids are minute and contain few stored food reserves, and colonization by a mycorrhizal fungus provides nutrients that are important for 920509-32-6 supplier seed germination and seedling establishment (Dearnaley 2007). In either green or in achlorophyllous species of orchids, the dependency on mycorrhizal fungi can continue into adulthood (Gebauer and Meyer 2003; Julou et al. 2005; Rasmussen and Rasmussen 2007). Recently, the applications of mycorrhizal association for horticultural and conservation purposes have gained considerable attention (Zettler et al. 2007; Swarts and Dixon 2009). With few exceptions (Selosse et al. 2004), the majority of orchid mycorrhizal (OM) fungi belong to early diverging lineages in the phylum Basidiomycota (Moncalvo et al. 2006; Smith and Read 2008). Rasmussen (2002) suggested that photosynthetic orchids associate with a wide range of species. The form-genus D.C. includes Donk, D.P. Rogers, Schr?eter, and Tul. (Sneh et al. 1991;?Gonzlez Garca et al. 2006; Smith and Read 2008). The specific association of photosynthetic orchids with fungi in the Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae (e.g., cantharelloid clade) has been previously reported (Otero et al. 2002; Ma et al. 2003; Suarez et al. 2006). Certain photosynthetic orchids, even when sampled over a wide range, have a single dominant species of fungus (McCormick et al. 2004; Shefferson et al. 2005, 2010; Irwin et al. 2007). However, fully mycoheterotrophic (MH) orchids, which are achlorophyllous and nutritionally dependent on their mycorrhizal fungi, can be colonized by several different ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (e.g., Russulaceae and Thelephoraceae fungi) (Roy et al. 2009; Kennedy et al. 2011) as well as saprobic and parasitic fungi (Smith and Read 2008). By contrast, fully MH orchids revealed associations with more diverse fungal lineages (Dearnaley et al. 2012). Recently, certain reports have highlighted that fungi also 920509-32-6 supplier have the ability to associate with orchids as OM fungi and with autotrophic plants as ECM fungi at the same time to form a tripartite symbiosis (Yagame et al. 2008, 2012; Bougoure et al. 2009). The mycorrhizal specificity of orchids with fungi has been the subject of debate for many years (Leake 2005). Molecular and sequence-based analyses have provided an efficient and BSG rapid means of characterizing and identifying strains of endomycorrhizal fungi that associate with orchids (Otero et al. 2002; Ma et al. 2003; Suarez et al. 2006; Taylor and McCormick 2008). Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) sequences has also suggested that both binucleate spp. (teleomorph = spp. (teleomorph = isolate (Carling et al. 1999; Sharon et al. 2008). The primary objective of this study was to characterize and identify fungi sampled from fungal pelotons in collected from native populations in different geographic regions of Taiwan. Subsequent experiments were conducted to determine if these fungi promoted seed germination and 920509-32-6 supplier seedling growth of and represent potentially useful data for medicinal orchid production and conservation in native habitats. Materials and methods Isolation of endomycorrhizal fungi Samples of native collected from seven sites in northern and central Taiwan were investigated for mycorrhizal fungi. Locations of plants, sampling dates, and original sources of the plant samples are presented 920509-32-6 supplier in Table?1. Table 1 Representative isolates of fungi from fungal pelotons in was divided into three separate parts: the roots, rhizome, and junction between root and rhizome. Sections of cortex tissue with fungal pelotons were excised, surface-disinfested in a 1?% solution of NaOCl for 1?min, rinsed in sterile water, and transferred to tap water agar (TWA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) acidified with 0.2?% lactic acid to inhibit development of bacterias. After 920509-32-6 supplier incubation for 24C48?h in 24C26?C, cortical cells were examined for daily.
SCF (Skp1-Cul1-Fboxes) E3 ligases are activated by ligation to the ubiquitin-like proteins Nedd8 which is reversed from the deneddylating Cop9 Signalosome (CSN). of deneddylation. Significantly CSN prevents neddylation from the destined cullin unless binding of the ubiquitination substrate causes SCF dissociation and neddylation. Used together the outcomes give a model for how reciprocal rules sensitizes CSN towards the SCF set up condition and inhibits a catalytically-competent SCF until a ubiquitination substrate drives its degradation by displacing CSN therefore advertising cullin neddylation and substrate ubiquitination. Intro Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) constitute the biggest category of E3 ubiquitin ligases (Deshaies and Joazeiro 2009 The modular CRL structures clarifies their pervasive but extremely specific features. As exemplified from the archetypical angular reconstitution and iterative rounds of refinement (Shape 1B and S1A). To differentiate between your CSN and SCF parts inside the map we examined electron microscope pictures of adversely stained apo CSN complexes. We determined the framework of apo CSN using a short reference produced from the CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1 framework (Shape 1C Shape S1B). Comparison between your two maps demonstrated how the apo CSN framework matched well a big part of the CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1 map permitting the segmentation from the second option into its CSN and SCF parts (Shape 1D) verified by difference analysis (Figure S3A). The CSN density is characterized by a well-resolved mesh of discrete patches of elongated densities consistent with Palomid 529 our previous data (Enchev et al. 2010 The remaining region which therefore corresponds to SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1 forms a separate elongated curved density connected to CSN through both of its ends. Figure 1 Reconstitution Palomid 529 and single particle Electron Microscope analysis of CSN-SCF complexes. (A) Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE of recombinant CSNCsn5H138A and reconstituted CSN-SCF complexes after gel filtration. (B – F) Surface views of EM density maps … We next investigated whether this CSN-binding mode is structurally conserved among the SCF family by analysis of CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Fbw7. The CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1 structure was used as an initial reference for the analysis of CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Fbw7 (Figure S1C). Indeed the resulting structure (Figure 1E) is overall very similar to CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1. Difference analysis with the apo CSN map indicated that SCF~N8Fbw7 also employs both its ends to bind CSN and adopts a comparable position (Figure 1F and Figure S3A). Molecular models for CSN and CSN-SCF complexes Given similarity of CSN and the 26S proteasome lid sub-complex (Pick et al. 2009 we considered recent EM studies defining molecular boundaries of the proteasome lid and proposing pseudo-atomic models with constituent subunits for the fission and budding yeast as well as for human lid sub-complexes (da Fonseca et al. RRAS2 2012 Lander et al. 2012 Lasker et al. 2012 A comparison of the CSN region of the CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1 map and the human lid (Figure S2A) reveals substantial similarity. We thus assigned individual subunits within the CSN density to locations corresponding to their homologues in the cover. Atomic versions for all human being CSN subunits from I-TASSER (Roy et al. 2010 (Shape S2B) had been docked in to the CSN denseness. The ensuing model (Shape 2) can be characterized by a detailed match between your proteins denseness as well as the atomic coordinates. There is certainly little denseness unoccupied from the docked versions and there is absolutely no significant spatial overlap between your docked coordinates. Furthermore the atomic Palomid 529 versions as well as the related denseness segments from the CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1 map demonstrate solid correlation (Shape S2D). Shape 2 Molecular model for CSN. The CSN section through the CSNCsn5H138A-SCF~N8Skp2/Cks1 map can be shown as gray mesh. Remaining – PCI cluster part view. A dotted arc and color-coded arrows indicate the coplanar positions from the winged-helix domains approximately. MPN … In the model the PCI subunits in CSN type an around coplanar surface area (Shape 2 right hands -panel). Their main discussion interfaces are shaped through the C-terminal winged-helix domains that type Palomid 529 an arc (Shape 2 left hands panel) that the prolonged N-terminal domains radiate to create the quality ribbon-like densities in the map. In the model the four longest subunits (Csn1 2 3 and 4) are docked in to the central area from the arc which can be capped at each end from the shorter Csn7 and Csn8 subunits. The N-terminal.
The tiny neuroendocrine protein 7B2 has been shown to be required for the productive maturation of proprotein convertase 2 (proPC2) to an active enzyme form; this action is accomplished via its ability to block aggregation of proPC2 into nonactivatable forms. monomer eluting at a molecular mass higher than that expected for a globular protein of similar size. However chemical cross-linking showed that 7B2 exhibits concentration-dependent oligomerization. CD experiments showed that both full-length 27 kDa 7B2 and the C-terminally truncated 21 kDa form lack R788 appreciable supplementary structure even though the longer proteins Rabbit Polyclonal to CRABP2. exhibited even more structural content compared to the second option as proven by intrinsic and ANS fluorescence research. NMR spectra verified having less structure in indigenous 7B2 but a disorder-to-order changeover was noticed upon incubation with among its customer proteins α-synuclein. We conclude that 7B2 can be a natively disordered proteins whose work as an antiaggregant chaperone is probable facilitated by its insufficient appreciable secondary framework and tendency to create oligomers. 7 can be a little secretory proteins that is regarded as necessary for the R788 effective maturation from the subtilisin-like endoprotease prohormone convertase 2 (proPC2).1?3 Extensive function by our group and additional groups has generated the motifs and domains necessary for the interaction between 7 and proPC2.4?9 The 7B2 protein itself is cleaved probably with a R788 furin-like enzyme to produce the 21 kDa amino-terminal domain and a 31-residue carboxy-terminal fragment.10 11 The C-terminal site also called the CT peptide is a potent inhibitor of Personal computer2 12 whereas the N-terminal site is vital for the effective maturation of proPC2 inside the secretory pathway. Aside from its part in moving folded proPC2 towards the Golgi equipment in neuroendocrine cells (evaluated in ref (13)) 7 offers been proven to possess antiaggregant properties 14 15 obstructing oligomer development and aggregation of both proPC215 and insulin-like development element 1 (IGF1).14 We’ve recently demonstrated that co-incubation of neurodegeneration-related peptides and protein such as for example β-amyloid α-synuclein and tau with micromolar levels of 7B2 leads to inhibition of fibril formation (Helwig et al. manuscript posted for publication). Latest proteomics studies possess provided evidence how the 7B2 proteins could be a potential biomarker for early recognition of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.16?19 These results coupled with the selective expression of 7B2 in endocrine neural and neuroendocrine cells 20 led to the hypothesis that this protein might be a member of a novel family of secretory chaperones that prevent the self-association of proteins with tendencies toward aggregation such as neurodegenerative-related proteins (Helwig et al. manuscript submitted for publication). R788 To date nothing is known about the three-dimensional structure of this 186-residue protein. The minimal domain necessary for the biological function of 7B2 with proPC2 is a 36-residue internal peptide that consists of a proline-rich segment a putative α helix and a disulfide bridge.9 Mutation of the fourth proline residue in the PDPPNPCP stretch (residues 88-95; numbering does not include the signal peptide) disrupts the ability of the protein to facilitate the maturation of proPC2.6 The structural motifs responsible for inhibition of amyloid aggregation are not yet known though clearly involve the N-terminal domain (Helwig et al. manuscript submitted for publication). All vertebrate 7B2 sequences are extremely well conserved with almost 97% sequence identity. However the level of sequence identity between vertebrate 7B2 and the protein is low only 20-23% overall. An interesting feature of the 7B2 sequence is the conservation of the signature proline-rich motif PPNPCP which has been identified as a critical domain for facilitation of proPC2 maturation.6 It is not clear whether the large differences in the amino acid sequence of 7B2 alter its secondary structure as compared to vertebrate 7B2s. Despite the low level of overall sequence conservation the physiological functions of the protein with regard to proPC2 appear to be similar to those of the vertebrate proteins.21 To gain a better understanding of structural contributions to the physiological functions of the full-length and truncated forms of R788 the 7B2 protein we examined potential differences in.
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Complete 5 pages APA formatted article: Social Taboo of the Sexual Variation. For reasons that do not relate to economics or politics, societies (both ancient and modern) failed to find and maintain a reasonable balance between normative and sexual behaviors and thus considered it necessary and easier to eradicate homosexuality without a trace. Today, despite the recent cultural advancements and the growing role of sexual diversity and tolerance, homosexuality is still associated with a form of cultural variation. In light of the historical and cultural developments, it would be fair to say that homosexuality was and remains an essential component and a form of sexual and cultural variation, which is believed to threaten the stability of the social and moral gendered order in different societies.
Although the meaning of cultural and sexual variations changes as a result of other cultural and social changes in societies, homosexuality looks like a phenomenon that can boast having remarkably stable negative connotations in different societies and at different times. Since the earliest times of human cultural development, homosexuality used to be the topic of hot public debate and a phenomenon that rarely hit into the basic system of cultural and social traditions across different societies. Regardless of whether one speaks about Iranians, Egyptians, or Hebrews – homosexuality was almost always believed to be an increasingly negative phenomenon which, despite continuous repressions and continuous public condemnation, continued to exist as an essential element of any society. Although Davies (1982) writes that homosexuality as a cultural and sexual variation has nothing to do with the changeable economic and political conditions in society, the development of the cultural connotations of homosexuality, especially male homosexuality, was linked to the major economic shifts in ancient societies.
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A romantic marriage is a union between two people with strong thoughts of love and commitment. The goal of this sort of marriages is actually a healthy, completely happy marriage. These kinds of marriages possess better benefits than other types of partnerships. Romantic marriages can take place among two heterosexual lovers, usually without children. In most cases, they are simply made by enthusiasts who was simply living along before they decided to marry. However , charming marriages aren’t without their challenges.
The most important factor to consider the moment attempting to generate an intimate marriage is definitely compatibility. People who find themselves not appropriate for each other are less likely to variety a successful union. Identifying common interests could actually help couples talk their feelings and make the relationship more enjoyable. Likewise, a couple ought to share religious and moral prices.
Customarily, a couple would definitely divide their assignments, with the girl taking charge of the house and the guy earning most of the income. Nevertheless , this type of marriage is largely unusual in modern societies. Today, couples quite often prioritize bringing up children https://emailbrides.net/latin/venezuelan-brides/ and bringing up a family. Many couples observe each other because their children’s parents, and dread a single day when the children leave the home.
Despite the popular belief that sexual activity can be not a crucial component of an intimate marriage, research shows that sexual activity performs a key part in maintaining take pleasure in and enchantment in a relationship. This is certainly supported by conclusions that the cortical region inside the brain accountable for direct erotic look at here delight has an acquaintance with self-reported romantic absolutely adore in partnerships. It is also linked to sexual fulfillment ratings.
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Even before the pandemic, more than two-thirds of American college students reported symptoms of mental illness, such as pervasive loneliness and stress (American College Health Association).
Shockingly, being separated from your friends and fiddling with Zoom all day isn’t helping.
Since we’re not sure when campus life will return to normal, let’s talk about how the quarantine might be affecting your mental health and cover simple, yet effective ways to stay sane and healthy.
What’s happening to my brain during quarantine?
Please indulge me in a crude analogy.
Your brain is like a car. It can perform a multitude of functions as long as you keep it filled with gas. If you drive crazy fast or do a lot of things at once, you need to refill more often.
Likewise, your brain can do all kinds of amazing things like study, socialize, and retain sanity as long as it can synthesize adequate dopamine and serotonin (there’s a little more to it, but again, indulge me for the sake of the analogy).
The following activities supply your brain with “gas”:
- Healthy eating
- Time with friends
- Doing things you love, etc.
The following things tend to drain your gas faster:
- Drugs and alcohol
- Lack of sleep, exercise, and sunlight
- Stress from schoolwork, finals
- Family or financial stress
- Watching the movie Cats
To stay mentally healthy, you want to supply your brain with more gas than you’re spending. Rising anxiety and depression levels might be a sign that you’re at a quarter-tank or lower.
MY brain is like a Fiat 500 – it’s slow and breaks down a lot
Now, in a quarantine situation, supplying your brain with gas becomes much harder. Think about all of the things in the top list that have been reduced or cut off since you left campus. Plus, consider the things in the bottom list that have gotten worse.
As someone who’s battled both General Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder, I knew I had to work quickly to help both me and my at-risk friends fill our tanks to stay mentally healthy during COVID-19. Here are some science-backed methods I’ve personally found to be the most effective:
What can I do to stay mentally healthy during quarantine?
Even within the bounds of stay-at-home orders and online coursework, there’s a lot you can do to stay connected to friends and feel mentally healthy
- Write letters of gratitude to your friends. Gratitude and journaling are both 93 Octane mental health boosters, and writing “thank you for being you” cards to your quarantined friends is just a huge win for both the writer and recipient. A box of 50 is $10 on Amazon.
- Take loooooong walks. There’s a reason researchers call nature “vital for mental health.” A single 90-minute walk through nature reduces activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex, the source of negative, ruminating thoughts.
- Schedule a Zoom, House Party, or Netflix Party with your friends. As a mental health fuel, video conferencing with friends is a little… diluted. BUT it’s still fuel nonetheless. If you and your friends have irreversibly associated Zoom with schoolwork, consider downloading House Party, which is like Zoom with built-in games like pictionary and trivia, or Netflix Party, which lets you sync up a Netflix show with your friends and live chat.
- Volunteer.Volunteering might be the most pure happiness gasoline in the world. According to a study done at my alma mater Vanderbilt, “volunteer work did indeed enhance all six aspects of wellbeing (happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, sense of control over life, physical health, and depression). Naturally, there are a lot of communities in need during COVID-19, and non-profits are getting creative with safe, socially-distant ways to volunteer. For ideas, visit volunteermatch.org.
I sincerely hope you found this piece helpful, and I wish you and your friends and family health and happiness during this crazy time. If you’d like to connect, or have a tip of your own you’d like to share, find me on Instagram: @chrisbutschspeaks.
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Volume 559, November 2013
|Number of page(s)||8|
|Section||Stellar structure and evolution|
|Published online||30 October 2013|
The fundamental parameters of the roAp star 10 Aquilae⋆
Institut d’Astrophysique et de Planétologie de Grenoble, CNRS-UJF UMR
414 rue de la Piscine, 38400
St Martin d’Hères
2 Centro de Astrofísica e Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
3 Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293 UNS-CNRS-OCA, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, BP 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
4 Georgia State University, PO Box 3969, Atlanta GA 30302-3969, USA
5 CHARA Array, Mount Wilson Observatory, 91023 Mount Wilson CA, USA
Received: 6 May 2013
Accepted: 9 August 2013
Context. Owing to the strong magnetic field and related abnormal surface layers existing in rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars, systematic errors are likely to be present when determining their effective temperatures, which potentially compromises asteroseismic studies of this class of pulsators.
Aims. Using the unique angular resolution provided by long-baseline visible interferometry, our goal is to determine accurate angular diameters of a number of roAp targets, so as to derive unbiased effective temperatures (Teff) and provide a Teff calibration for these stars.
Methods. We obtained long-baseline interferometric observations of 10 Aql with the visible spectrograph VEGA at the combined focus of the CHARA array. We derived the limb-darkened diameter of this roAp star from our visibility measurements. Based on photometric and spectroscopic data available in the literature, we estimated the star’s bolometric flux and used it, in combination with its parallax and angular diameter, to determine the star’s luminosity and effective temperature.
Results. We determined a limb-darkened angular diameter of 0.275 ± 0.009 mas and deduced a linear radius of R = 2.32 ± 0.09 R⊙. For the bolometric flux we considered two datasets, leading to an effective temperature of Teff = 7800 ± 170 K and a luminosity of L/L⊙ = 18 ± 1 or Teff = 8000 ± 210 K and L/L⊙ = 19 ± 2. Finally we used these fundamental parameters together with the large frequency separation determined by asteroseismic observations to constrain the mass and the age of 10 Aql, using the CESAM stellar evolution code. Assuming a solar chemical composition and ignoring all kinds of diffusion and settling of elements, we obtained a mass M/M⊙ ~ 1.92 and an age of ~780 Gy or a mass M/M⊙ ~ 1.95 and an age of ~740 Gy, depending on the derived value of the bolometric flux.
Conclusions. For the first time, thanks to the unique capabilities of VEGA, we managed to determine an accurate angular diameter for a star smaller than 0.3 mas and to derive its fundamental parameters. In particular, by only combining our interferometric data and the bolometric flux, we derived an effective temperature that can be compared to those derived from atmosphere models. Such fundamental parameters can help for testing the mechanism responsible for the excitation of the oscillations observed in the magnetic pulsating stars.
Key words: methods: observational / techniques: high angular resolution / techniques: interferometric / stars: individual: 10 Aql / stars: fundamental parameters
© ESO, 2013
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The Future of Farming: What price the food we eat?
In the developed countries, intensive farming produces huge food surpluses while employing less than 5% of the workforce. Yet there is growing concern over the environmental aspects of 'industrialised' agriculture. Some advocate widespread adoption of organic farming. Others argue for new farm technologies such as bioengineering of plants and animals. What direction is agriculture taking?
Published: July 1997 ISBN: 0850489776
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Viton Heat Resistant Black O-rings
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Almost 300,000 individuals are admitted to a healthcare facility for pancreatitis each year in the United States. This really is a really serious and painful condition that requires careful medical observation. In fact, through the first couple of days, no liquid or food is allowed; all fluids are managed through an IV.
As the pancreas begins to cure and operate once more, first clear fluids are enabled after which dull, low-fat foods have been inserted under the watchful eye of their healthcare team to make sure that food is well-tolerated. Acute pancreatitis may be life-threatening; trying medical treatment is crucial.
As nearly all people may recover well from severe pancreatitis, almost 25 percent of the diagnosed may experience recurrent episodes, leading the disease to become chronic. Chronic pancreatitis sets you at a considerably higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer, obesity, diabetes, liver failure and other potentially life-threatening illnesses.
What Causes Pancreatitis?
Your pancreas will help you regulate the manner your body processes glucose. Additionally, it serves a significant role in discharging enzymes and assisting you to digest food. This problem is known as pancreatitis.
Since the pancreas is so tightly connected to a digestive process, it is influenced by what you opt to consume. In cases of severe pancreatitis, liver discomfort can be triggered by Infection.B ut in cases of chronic pancreatitis, where the years is recurred over by flare-ups, your diet plan may have a whole lot.
Researchers are finding more concerning foods that you can eat to safeguard and help to cure your pancreas.
However, as a result of hepatitis, excess smoking, alcohol, an autoimmune disorder, or faulty enzymes, the pancreatic enzymes have been secreted from the pancreas itself as an alternative of this small gut. And that contributes to frustration and inflammation to digest and consume food. Pancreatitis is two different kinds — chronic and acute. Scroll down to Obtain the gap between the two
What’s the Difference Between Acute And Chronic Pancreatitis?
Includes active inflammation of the pancreas, resulting in abrupt bouts of abdominal pain along with also a growth in the degree of cells. The pain can rise after dinner also does occur in the top center or remaining region of the gut. Sometimes, it can last for days. Acute cases of severe pancreatitis might require an operation.
is a disorder where the pain is much less intense as severe pancreatitis, however it induces damage to the pancreas by calcification, ductal inflammation, and fibrosis. And that is awful news. As it usually means the pancreas has ceased working, and also you also could possibly well be more prone to diabetes, obesity, liver problems, anemia, and malnutrition.
Now, let us check the indicators of chronic and Chronic Pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis Infection:
Approximately 5 12 out of 100,000 people develop chronic pancreatitis. Being on a pancreatitis diet after being diagnosed with severe pancreatitis, contributes into it. And this is the Signs of chronic pancreatitis:
Shed Weight Reduction
Steatorrhea — oily feces with filthy odor
Difficulty in breathing
Throwing up Sometimes, the pain can diminish, signaling that the pancreas is slowly quitting to do the job.
Bear in mind that may possibly experience abdominal pain as a result of various factors. Don’t fear. Telephone for assistance, and request immediate medical care.
To lower the odds of recurrence of spells of pancreatitis pain, then you also need to take good care of that which you consume. Below are a couple of recommendations for the pancreatitis diet plan.
Have a look at Acute Pancreatitis Indications:
Approximately 30 out of 100,000 people have problems with severe pancreatitis. And the symptoms are often the Following:
Upper abdominal pain which may come and move or persist
Inability to digest meals
Pain shortly following foods
Shoulder and back pain
Pancreatitis Diet Strategies:
Give attention to consuming healthful meals, always.
Be on a low-carb diet to avoid aggravating the redness.
Stop alcohol consumption and smoking.
Eat up MCTs (medium-chain triglycerides) because those don’t need pancreatic enzymes to become pumped.
Ask your health care provider and acquire digestive hormone supplements.
Ask your health care provider and take supplements such as vitamins A, E, D, vitamin K, and b 12.
Ask your health care provider and take nutritional supplements such as iron and calcium.
Consume 6 to seven small meals every afternoon.
Don’t eat up a lot of protein-rich foods at the same go.
Eat up boiled and mashed vegetables to put less strain in your own tummy.
Now, allow me to list out the food items you are able to eat up and the food items that you must avoid. Scroll down.
Pancreatitis Diet — — Foods To Eat
Here would be the foods you can eat If You’re suffering from pancreatitis:
Vegetables — Spinach, cauliflower, sweet potato, scallions, carrot, beetroot, and pineapple.
Berries — Cherries, blueberries, peeled apple, and pineapple.
MCTs — Coconut, coconut oil, vanilla, and milk.
Protein — Lentilslegumes, and lean beef.
Whole-grains — Barley, oats, and white rice.
Beverages — Water, strained fresh fruit juice, coconut oil, and buttermilk.
Condiments — chick-pea and green beans hummus.
Should you’ve got chronic pancreatitis, you might perhaps possibly not be allowed to eat legumes and whole grains. Your doctor/dietitian will counsel you in the own food intake based on the intensity of the status.
Pancreatitis Diet – What not to Eat if you have pancreatitis
Foods to limit include:
- Red meat
- Organ meats
- Fried foods
- Fries and potato chips
- Margarine and butter
- Full-fat dairy
- Pastries and desserts with added sugars
- Beverages with added sugars
- French fries and fast-food hamburgers are a few of the worst culprits. Advertising meats, full-fat legumes, potato chips, and avocado also leading the list of meals to restrict.
- You will also need to cut back to the elegant bread found in sandwiches, cakes, and snacks. By inducing your insulin levels to spike, these foods may tax the track.
- High-sugar foods — All these foods boost the cholesterol amounts, which could further aggravate severe pancreatitis.
- Carbonated beverages
- High-fat foods such as avocado, butter, dried coconut, seeds, nuts, nut butter, and lard.
- High fiber fruits and vegetables with this peel.
- High-sodium foods such as wafers, cheese chunks, and processed meat.
- High-fat meat such as pork and steak.
- Beverages with added sugar such as packed juices and energy drinks.
- Full-fat milk Hamburger, steak, hamburgers, and fried chicken.
- Cake, pastries, doughnuts, ice cream, and a milkshake.
Pancreatitis Diet Suggestions:
Always check with your physician or dietician before altering your eating habits whenever you have pancreatitis.
Here are some hints They May suggest:
Eat involving eight and six small meals through the afternoon to help recuperate from pancreatitis. This can be easier on your digestive tract than just eating two or three big meals.
Utilize MCTs as the main fat because this kind of fat doesn’t demand pancreatic enzymes to be pumped.
MCTs are discovered at olive oil and palm kernel oil also can be found at all health food shops.
Prevent eating too much fiber simultaneously, since this may slow digestion and also cause less-than-ideal absorption of nutrients from your food.
Fiber can also create your limited number of enzymes effective. Have a multivitamin supplement to make sure you’re getting the nutrition you want.
Lifestyle Changes for Reducing Pancreatitis
Drink 3 liters of water daily.
Consume home-cooked meals.
Eat healthier and steer clear of foods that may lead to inflammation of the pancreas.
Practice yoga and meditation.
Quit smoking and drinking alcohol.
Join a support group to talk it out and also receive assistance from individuals who know what it is you are going through.
Don’t overlook your physician’s appointments.
Reschedule them if you’re doing.
These lifestyle changes are compulsory so you are able to prevent the next dangers.
Health Complications Of Pancreatitis
Additional deterioration of pancreatitis
Together with diet and lifestyle modifications, you also have to know about different remedies offered for pancreatitis. Have a peek at the listing below.
Other Best Pancreatitis Treatments:
- Fasting — Physicians urge fasting for a couple days to allow your digestive system a rest and help neutralize the redness.
- Anxiety Medication — Intense pancreatitis pain is excruciating, which explains the reason why doctors frequently recommend pain medications.
- Intravenous Fluids — Even though coping with pancreatitis, you might become dehydrated. Thus that fluid is pushed through your veins to continue to keep you hydrated.
- Gallbladder Surgery — Considering Infection may also trigger pancreatitis, you might need to undergo an oral operation to get rid of the disease.
- Pancreas Surgery — Pancreas operation helps remove extra fluid or the part of the pancreas.
- Bile Duct Obstruction Removal — Pancreatitis may be caused because of obstruction or narrowing of the bile duct. For that reason, your physician can execute approaches to expand the bile flow.
It’s a no-brainer you usually do not need to aggravate the issue. Adhere to the pancreatitis daily diet to whiten your own pancreas and also make it heal. Speak to a physician at once if you’re having any of these symptoms recorded from the report. Take good care!
Top Natural Pancreatitis Remedies:
- Cake, pastries, doughnuts, ice cream, and a milkshake.
- Following a Mediterranean diet is very beneficial to sugar control and is associated with a lower risk of pancreatic cancer.
- Lean carbs, whole grains, nuts, fruits, vegetables and moderate amounts of dairy provide the necessary power and keep you satisfied.
- Functioning yoga twice per week is shown to improve the overall quality of life for those who have chronic pancreatitis.
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Table of Contents
- Need for product levels in marketing
- Important product levels in marketing
Need for product levels in marketing
In order to give benefits to customers, a marketer articulates the product concept. The product concept defines the whole range of benefits a product offers to the customers. The actual product offered is sub-divided into a number of levels relating to customer needs. The marketer should plan his market offer by considering the various product levels. The image below shows the important product levels in marketing.
Important product levels in marketing
(Diagrammatic representation of Various product levels)
The above image shows that an offer can be visualized as an atom with the nucleus (core) surrounded by a series of both tangible and intangible features. Attributes and benefits which cluster around the core product include packaging, advertising, financing, availability, advice, warranty, reliability, etc. The offer of the product is viewed at four important levels namely
- core level
- expected level
- augmented level
- potential level.
1. Core product level:
The core level consists of the basic product. It represents the fundamental benefit for which the customer intend to buy.
Example for Core Product Level:
For example, the customer who buys an air ticket expects the benefit of a hassle-free travel from the Airlines corporation.
Purpose of Core Product:
The core product can also be referenced as generic product. In the context of international marketing, though the physical product remains the same, the core product differs among markets. The variation in the core product is due to the purpose for which the product is used. In developing countries like India, bicycles are still used for transportation. But in several advanced countries they are used in sports and for physical fitness. This necessitates certain modifications of the product design of the physical product.
2. Expected Product level:
The expected product level consists of the common products that not only satisfies the fundamental benefits of customers, but also their other expectations. Customers have a minimum set of expectations about a product or service. The expected product is offered to meet the minimal purchase conditions.
Example for Expected product level:
- A customer while buying an airline ticket expects in addition to a seat on the Aeroplane, a few benefits such as comfortable waiting area, prompt in-flight service, quality food, clean toilets and punctuality of the flight.
- A hotel guest expects cleanliness, efficient room service, telephone service, etc.
Purpose of Expected product level:
To keep the customers contended, a marketer should satisfy the fundamental expectation of them. If this aspect of the product is not properly considered in international markets, it will only result in great dissatisfaction to customers.
3. Augmented product level:
This level consists of those benefits which distinguish the offers offered by company vs competitors. It refers to offerings (product benefit or services in addition to what customers expect).
The marketer differentiates by adding value to his core product in terms of reliability and responsiveness. When the core product is surrounded by some ancillary benefits and extra features, it becomes an augmented product. The international marketer is on the constant lookout for more features and benefits which can be added on to the formal product. When an intense competition prevails in the market, the augmented benefits become expected benefit.
Augmented product is the way in which the marketer fine tunes the marketing mix to differentiate his product to make it stand out from the competition. For example, credit card issued by the bank has additional features of global operation at no extra cost.
4. Potential product level:
Potential level is higher than the augmented product level. This consists of all potential features and benefits that were added.
Purpose of Potential product level:
The potential product is intended to capture new users by redefining its products. It also comes as a pleasant surprise to the existing customers since the product benefits exceed the augmented level. Potential product level builds a strong loyalty of the customers. It even delights the customers.
Example for Potential product level:
For example, Cell phone users are highly satisfied by the offer of increased talk-time at no extra cost. Such unexpected additions add to the loyalty of the customers.
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Is there an equilateral triangle with all its vertices in the knots of the
integral square lattice? If the answer is YES, give an example, if the answer
is NO, prove it.
You might as well assume that one vertex is at the origin, and that another one is at (p,q), for some integers p and q. The third vertex will be at a point which is the image of (p,q) under a rotation about the origin through an angle π/3 radians (or 60°). Find the coordinates of this point, and see whether they can be integers or not.
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by Brian Tomasik
First written: Feb. 2016; last update: 15 Dec. 2016
It's plausible that humanity reduces more wild-animal suffering than it creates on balance. If increasing the human population reduces wild-animal suffering, then we might favor charities that save human lives in order to increase the number of humans who exist. The Against Malaria Foundation (AMF) is one example of an effective life-saving charity. A very rough calculation suggests that AMF may prevent on the order of 104 invertebrate-years of suffering per dollar donated to it, although the magnitude and even the sign (+ or -) of this figure is highly uncertain. A priori, AMF seems to me more likely to reduce wild-animal suffering than other anti-poverty charities that don't save lives because non-life-saving charities probably have less impact on the human population size (and may even decrease human fertility rates). And anti-poverty charities that involve family planning may have the opposite effect as AMF with respect to wild-animal suffering.
Rough cost-effectiveness estimate for AMF
Cotra (2016) reports the following rough GiveWell estimates:
a $37,391 donation to AMF would, in expectation:
- Prevent the deaths of ~4.08 children under the age of 5 [...]
- Prevent the death of ~1 person over the age of 5 [...]
- Have a financial benefit equivalent to [roughly doubling the income of] 74.782 people [for a year.]
I'll ignore the effect of increasing incomes and focus on the lives saved.
In a sample calculation, Cotra (2016) suggests that we might assume "a life expectancy of ~65 years at age 5", i.e., that saving a child under age 5 adds 65 years to that person's life on average. Maybe this is too optimistic; let's reduce it to ~40 years to be conservative. I'm uncertain what life expectancy to use for people over age 5, but let's say it's ~20 years, just to make up a number. Then $37,391 donated to AMF saves an expected 4.08 * 40 + 1 * 20 = 183 years of life.
We also need to consider how saving one child's life may inhibit mothers from having additional children. Estimates here are messy, but Cotra (2016) suggests an informal, rough estimate that every child saved prevents 0.37 to 0.52 future births, or maybe even fewer. I'll assume that the number is 0.5, which gives a more conservative cost-effectiveness estimate than using a lower number here.
I'll also assume no replacement effect for children over age 5, since if a child dies when she's older, this is less likely to influence her parents' fertility choices. Moreover, as Carl Shulman notes: "increased population compounds over time with the population growth rate." Saving women over 5 years of age may save the lives of future mothers, including pregnant women: "Malaria infection during pregnancy is a significant public health problem with substantial risks for the pregnant woman, her fetus, and the newborn child."
Factoring in prevented future births, we find that $37,391 donated to AMF creates a net increase of 4.08 * 40 * 0.5 + 1 * 20 = 102 years of life in expectation.
Finally, let's assume, as I did here, that one person-year lived by someone in a malaria-dense country reduces invertebrate suffering by ~5 * 106 invertebrate-years.
Then the cost-effectiveness of donating to AMF would be (5 * 106 invertebrate-years prevented per human-year created) * (102 human-years created) / ($37,391 donated) = 1.4 * 104 invertebrate-years prevented per dollar.
Does saving human lives reduce invertebrate populations?
Most of Malawi was originally covered by forest but, over the years, people have been cutting down the trees and burning them where they fall to open up areas for farming — this is commonly known as “slash and burn” agriculture. [...] Whilst the population of Malawi was small, the environment was able to recover as the trees would regenerate but now [...] there is increased pressure on available land. [...]
Wood is the main fuel in Malawi, and 95% of homes still use wood or charcoal for cooking. Nearly everybody uses three-stone fires for cooking, and each fire consumes about three large bundles (weighing about 30kg each) of wood per week.
Burning is significant because it eliminates large amounts of biomass in a non-sentient way, preventing stored plant energy from being eaten by bacteria, fungi, and bugs.
Combining the above information with general trends about human environmental impacts, it seems more likely than not that an increased human population in malaria-prone countries reduces net wild-animal numbers. However, more research is needed on this issue. For example, the net impacts of climate change on wild-animal suffering are unclear. Speeding up economic development may hasten the spread of high-productivity agriculture to developing nations, which may increase total plant growth on crop fields. People inflict significant harm on animals, including insects, such as by eating them. Many other considerations like this add significant uncertainty to the analysis.
Does AMF increase the human population?
There also remains some uncertainty about the net impact of AMF on the human population size. GiveWell tentatively suggests that "Overall, it appears that life-saving interventions unaccompanied by other improvements, where access to contraception is weak, are likely to lead to some acceleration of population growth." However, that post also notes that several prominent figures have argued the opposite, that "population growth tends to slow as child mortality declines, possibly because parents feel less need to have multiple children in order to hedge against the risk of death."
AMF vs. other charities
It would be good to explore other charities that save lives in the developing world besides AMF. I chose AMF because GiveWell attempted a rough cost-per-life-saved calculation for it and because it's generally considered an effective organization. AMF seems superior to, e.g., deworming because AMF probably creates more life-years, while deworming mainly improves quality of life. Thus, AMF probably has bigger environmental impact. Given that I'm uncertain about the sign of reducing poverty for wild-animal suffering, the safest international-health charity from a wild-animal standpoint would be one that has much more impact on increasing human population size than it does on decreasing poverty. Indeed, just decreasing poverty might reduce human population growth, which could be net bad.
In addition, it seems plausible that family-planning charities reduce human population growth. A priori, I would expect this to increase wild-animal suffering. Thus, it seems important to avoid a blanket conclusion like "international-health charities reduce wild-animal suffering". (And even if one is only optimizing for a "total utilitarian" aggregate of human QALYs, the sign of net impact for mortality-reduction charities might differ from that of family-planning charities.)
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- Product description
Product description VitalCare The Smurfs
The VitalCare The Smurfs mouthwash for children is the next step to perfect care for your child’s teeth.
- helps stop dental plaque forming
- for daily oral hygiene
- keeps gums healthy
- has a fun children’s design
- no alcohol
How to use:
After cleaning the teeth, rinse the mouth with mouthwash for the time stated on the label then spit out.
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I’m feeling pretty pleased with myself, having just published my latest textbook for non-native learners of English. I’ll start using it myself from April to teach a bunch of first-year Japanese junior high school students. But I was in a hurry to finish and publish it now as a friend might be interested in buying copies to teach her junior high school kids.
I’ll save the sales blurb and sample page for the end of this post, but just wanted to note that for anyone harbouring similar plans to self-publish their own textbooks, this is the second one I’ve published via Kindle Direct Publishing. The programme has the disadvantage of currently not allowing you to buy copies at cost price, as Create Space does, meaning you cannot give a discount to bulk buyers, but it has the enormous advantage of offering print-on-demand services anywhere there’s an Amazon site.
What does that mean? It means instead of waiting two weeks for a box of books to arrive from America, customers in Japan can order a single book (or multiple copies) and have it in their hands the next day because it’s printed here, not in North Carolina as the Create Space books were. I’ll see how this works out, but for now speed and convenience beats price flexibility.
The book is available from all Amazon sites, including the Japan site right here.
Here’s the blurb for the book:
The Tower Talk series is the main combined text and workbook for children and teenagers taking weekly lessons at Tower English school in Abiko, Japan. This book is intended for non-native leaners of English, typically in their first year of junior high school. But the book is designed to be of equal use to the child studying English at home with the help of a parent English-speaker. Tower Talk Junior High 1 provides 45 clearly structured lessons that children take throughout one year of study.
Each lesson is presented over a double-page spread that is designed to be the main element of a 45-minute class or home-study lesson. The textbook examples of target language are on the left of every lesson, with the workbook exercises for students to complete typically on the right. The lessons in this book are organised into groups of two following a topic, such as travel, school or entertainment. The first of each lesson is a sample speech with options for students to change to make their own speech on the topic. The second lesson is designed to focus on grammar or vocabulary with a chance to use new forms through prompts to write and speak. Each lesson is designed to build on students’ existing knowledge and expose them to new language structures that they can make their own with practice. But at the same time, students are following a syllabus that will give them a thorough foundation in English, covering every major grammar form they will encounter in their first year of junior high school.
The Tower Talk syllabus complements the Oxford University Press Let’s Go series (popular with private schools) and the Sunshine series that 40% of all junior high school students in Japan use to learn English, but with some major differences: A clearer focus on what the student can learn lesson by lesson, which helps the teacher and parent alike know what the student is doing in the classroom. Four “Homestay” lessons are spread through the book to offer review practice for students with the theme of useful communicative language for their likely first experiences of speaking English outside of the classroom.
Even while learning grammar and doing reading exercises, the focus is on building up a store of useful English expressions that students can use in realistic situations to communicate through building their active skills of speaking and writing. I hope your budding English-speaker enjoys using this book as much as I had creating it.
1. 45 clearly structured lessons that children take throughout one year of weekly lessons.
2. Each lesson is presented over a double page spread that is designed to be the main element of a 45-minute class or home-study session.
3. The textbook examples of target language are on the left of every lesson, with the workbook exercises on the right.
4. The lessons are organised into groups of two following a single topic.
5. The first of each topic is designed as a lesson for the student to write and deliver their own speech.
6. The second lesson focuses on grammar or vocabulary with a chance to use new language through prompts to write and speak.
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Philips offers a broad range of ECG monitoring solutions, including:
- Standard 3- and 5-lead ECG
- EASI* derived 12-lead ECG
- Diagnostic 12-lead ECG
Designed in accordance with best-in-class clinical standards, Philips ECG measurements provide information for the care of adult, pediatric, and neonatal patients in a wide range of care environments.
Philips ECG measurement modalities match clinical needs
- Convenient switching between 3-, 5-, and 12-lead ECG
- Continuous 12-lead ECG monitoring from only 5 electrodes with EASI
- Multi-lead arrhythmia
- ST segment analysis from up to 12 leads
- Simultaneous real-time display of all 12 leads
- Conventional 12-lead acquisition with full interpretation
- Pace pulse detection performed on the incoming signal before filtering to improve accuracy
- Variety of filter bandwidth settings reduce artifacts
- Up to 96 hours of retrospective 12-lead information with EASI full disclosure
Standard 3- and 5-lead ECG
Standard 3- and 5-lead ECG monitoring is available in the Multi-Measurement Server and Telemetry. Alarm limits can be set to patient type, with a two-tier alarm escalation scheme.
EASI* derived 12-lead ECG
EASI uses an advanced algorithm and only 5 electrodes in a unique configuration to derive continuous 12-lead ECG data for adult and pediatric patients. EASI derived measurements are supported across the full range of Philips monitors and telemetry systems. As a means of trending ST segment changes, EASI can provide an early indication of ischemia.
EASI also offers significant benefits such as:
- reduced movement artifact
- simultaneous display and recall of all 12 leads
- up to 96 hours of review with EASI Full Disclosure
- export to cardiology management systems
ST/AR analysis algorithm
ST/AR is a powerful algorithm designed for ST segment and arrhythmia analysis. The arrhythmia monitoring algorithm processes multiple ECG signals for real-time arrhythmia detection on adult, pediatric, and neonatal patients. The ST segment algorithm analyzes up to 12 ECG leads for ST segment changes in adult patients.
Decision support tools at the IntelliVue Information Center
Our Clinical Review Applications provide a coherent environment for review and analysis of ECG data, ST segments, alarms and more.
* EASI derived 12-lead ECGs and their measurements are approximations to conventional 12-lead ECGs and should not be used for diagnostic interpretations.
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Podcast Interview Explores Implications of New Science Standards for Preparing Teachers
What does strong preservice preparation look like for teaching the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)? This question is explored in an article published in the May/June 2017 issue of the Journal of Teacher Education, an issue that also includes several other articles on the topic of the implications for teacher preparation of the Common Core and other new PK-12 learning standards.
A recent podcast interview for the JTE Insider blog provides insights from Mark Windschitl of the University of Washington and David Stroupe of Michigan State University, authors of the article “The Three-Story Challenge: Implications of the Next Generation Science Standards for Teacher Preparation.” JTE Graduate Assistant Bernadette Castillo conducted the interview.
This article, Stroupe said, arose from the need to adopt a “stance about really strong teacher preparation” to address the new standards.
“We are trying to turn a corner in the science education community,” Windschitl said. The NGSS differ substantially from earlier science standards, drawing on research in many areas, including equity and various pedagogical considerations as well as content breadth and depth. In other words, he said, they’re about changing “the way science is taught, not just which ideas get taught.”
The authors chose an architectural metaphor to illustrate the levels engaged in the new standards: one for student expectations, another for teachers, and a third for teacher educators.
“We wanted to think more deeply about what the Next Generation [Science Standards] movement means for teacher educators,” Stroupe explained. “We don’t want them to just become a checklist; we want to actually use the NGSS to fundamentally shift what happens in classrooms,” reflecting the adjustment from simply knowledge-based to practice-based standards.
The article is summarized in the following abstract:
The foundational document of the current science standards movement – the Framework for K-12 Science Education – is grounded in research about how students from diverse backgrounds learn science and the conditions under which they can participate in knowledge-building activities of the discipline. We argue that teacher educators should use powerful principles for instruction, derived from the research referenced in the Framework, to inform the design of courses and other preparatory experiences for novices. This implementation strategy contrasts with an alignment approach, in which novices would be asked to familiarize themselves with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), integrate student performance expectations into lesson plans, and teach activities similar to those described in the NGSS. We describe the more principled approach as a “three-story challenge” in which students, teachers, and teacher educators have responsibilities to learn and to take up new roles in the educational system that are fundamentally different from the status quo.
Listen to the podcast interview here, and read the article here. (Remember, AACTE members can access the article free if they log in on AACTE’s website first. Just click the blue button on this page.)
Leave a comment
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In today’s digital world, a well-designed website is more than just an online presence; it’s a powerful tool for businesses and individuals to showcase their brand, engage users, and achieve their goals.
If you’re considering embarking on a website design project, one of the most common questions you might have is, “How long does it take to design a website?” The answer isn’t a simple one-size-fits-all, as website design timelines can vary based on several factors.
In this article, we’ll dive into the intricacies of the website design process and explore the key elements that influence the timeline for designing a website.
Average Website Design Timelines
Average website design takes around 2 to 6 months. While averages can provide a general guideline, it’s important to note that each website design project is unique. The timeline can vary based on the specific requirements of the project, client responsiveness, and unforeseen challenges. Generally, simple brochure websites may take around 4–8 weeks, e-commerce sites can range from 8–16 weeks, and complex web applications might extend beyond 16 weeks.
Factors Influencing Website Design Timelines
Designing a website is a multidimensional endeavor that involves careful planning, collaboration, and execution. Various factors contribute to the duration of a website design project:
1. Project Complexity and Size:
The complexity and size of the project play a significant role in determining the timeline. A simple brochure website with a few pages might be completed faster than a comprehensive e-commerce platform or a complex web application with intricate features.
2. Customization and Unique Features:
Websites with custom functionalities, unique features, and intricate designs require more time for development and testing. The complexity of coding and integration can extend the timeline.
3. Content Availability and Readiness:
The availability and readiness of content, including text, images, videos, and other assets, directly impact the timeline. A project can be delayed if content is not prepared in advance.
4. Client Responsiveness and Feedback:
Timely communication and feedback between the client and the design team are crucial. Delays in receiving feedback or approvals can extend the timeline, especially during the design and revision phases.
Phases of the Website Design Process
The website design process is composed of several phases, each contributing to the overall timeline. Let’s explore these phases in detail:
1. Discovery Phase:
The journey begins with the discovery phase, where the project’s goals, target audience, and design preferences are discussed. Clear communication during this phase sets the foundation for the design process.
2. Planning and Research:
Thorough research and planning follow, involving competitor analysis, content planning, and determining the website’s structure. This phase ensures that the design aligns with the project’s objectives.
3. Wireframing and Prototyping:
Wireframes and prototypes are created to outline the website’s structure and user experience. This iterative phase allows for early visualization and refinement of the design concept.
4. Design Mockup:
Design concepts are transformed into visual mockups that showcase the website’s aesthetics and layout. Collaboration between designers and clients ensures alignment with expectations.
5. Development and Coding:
The design is brought to life through coding and development. Responsive design practices are integrated to ensure that the website functions seamlessly across various devices.
6. Content Integration:
Content, including text, images, and multimedia elements, is integrated into the website. Organized and optimized content enhances user experience and supports the design.
7. Testing and Quality Assurance:
Thorough testing is conducted to identify and rectify bugs, glitches, and inconsistencies. Quality assurance ensures that the website functions flawlessly before launch.
8. Client Feedback and Revisions:
Client feedback is incorporated into the design, development, and testing phases. Effective communication and collaboration streamline the revision process.
9. Finalizing and Launch:
The final review and approval process precede the website’s launch. Achieving milestones and successfully completing the project marks the culmination of the design process.
Tips for Ensuring a Smooth Design Process and Timely Delivery
To ensure a successful design process and timely project completion, here are some practical tips for clients:
- Gather and Organize Content: Prepare content in advance to avoid delays during the content integration phase.
- Provide Prompt Feedback: Timely feedback and approvals speed up the design and revision phases.
- Communicate Openly: Maintain open communication with the design team to address questions and concerns promptly.
- Be Prepared for Challenges: Anticipate potential challenges and be adaptable to changes that may arise during the process.
The timeline for designing a website is influenced by a multitude of factors, from project complexity to client collaboration. Understanding the phases of the design process and the impact of various factors is key to setting realistic expectations. By leveraging professional website design services and following best practices, you can navigate the website design journey with confidence, resulting in a website that not only meets your goals but also delivers a seamless user experience.
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What Potential Does the Moon Hold for Mining?
What Potential Does the Moon Hold for Mining? – When experts speak of resources running out, what is often meant is the economic viability of the resource. This means that as long as mining the resource isn’t an economic net loss, it’s usable.
Let’s take a theoretical example. Let’s assume that uranium on earth gets overused for a few decades. Over time, this overuse will lead to it slowly becoming scarce. Thus, the locations available to mine will be scarce. There will be competition over such areas.
The competition means that mining costs will be higher (contract bids for the area). As competition over what is left increases, the mining costs increase, up until mining leads to a net loss.
This is when the mineral is considered as having “run out”.
It’s about the costs, and is the reason why mining utility metals on the moon is difficult. Iron for example is really cheap to mine on earth, but very expensive to mine on the moon.
You’d go broke digging iron on a lunar expedition.
This forces us to seek only minerals whose costs and rarity justify their mining. We’ll be listing some of those minerals for you below.
But first, there’s a small issue we want to touch on for moon mining…
How easy is it to Build Mining Facilities on the Moon?
The simple reply is, it’s not. When building a mining facility, you’ve got 2 options. You’re either:
- Going to launch the facilities (buildings and all) into space (or)
- You’re building the facilities on the moon from scratch
Launching facilities to the moon is too expensive. You’re not just sending over some drills to the moon. You’re sending structures that will take up hundreds of square kilometers in space.
You’ll also need manpower to build those structures (unless they’re premade on earth). We touched on the issue of manpower in a previous article.
Thus, you’re best bet is to build the structure on the moon yourself. While you’ll need sustainable manpower there, it’s definitely a lot easier to do. Also, the material needed to build and power mining facilities are already abundant on the moon.
Iron and Silicon to Create Moon Facilities. What Potential Does the Moon Hold for Mining?
Iron on the moon can be used to fashion steel for the buildings and tools. It’s pretty simple to do on the moon.
Silicon on the other hand will be used to create electricity. The moon after all does receive sunlight on a constant basis. Silicon has actually been heavily encouraged for lunar electricity production in NASA, as far back as the 1980s (1).
Solar energy is perfect for lunar activities. Not only is it easier to install, it is also clean. This is unlike nuclear energy, which is dangerous, requires a lot of precautions, and needs never-ending supervision and manning.
It is also cheaper to use solar power. Nuclear energy, if mined on the moon, will mostly be transported back to Earth for use. It would be counterintuitive to mine nuclear energy on the moon, simply to exhaust it there right after.
Oh, and speaking of nuclear energy…
Nuclear Energy and Rare Metals: The Mission of the Moon. What Potential Does the Moon Hold for Mining?
There are only 2 mineral types of value to be mined on the moon. The first would be radioactive minerals for nuclear energy. The second would be platinum-group elements, which are already rare naturally.
Nuclear Energy. What Potential Does the Moon Hold for Mining?
The most looked at nuclear forms of energy are Helium-3 and Uranium. Uranium unfortunately is not that abundant on the moon (2). It is too scarce on the moon to justify the costs of mining it.
The 2nd energy mineral is Helium-3. Helium-3 is actually a rare isotope of helium, which is released from solar sources into air (sun specifically). Helium-3 is in abundance on the moon’s surface, and is estimated to have the energy capacity of oil by a large magnitude.
Unfortunately, helium-3 is difficult to find on the surface of the earth. It is difficult to find, due to our planet’s magnetic field which deflect the particles away. A lot of those deflected particles happen to land on the moon. Over millions of years of the earth’s magnetic field have led to high levels of the mineral on the moon.
The difference between Earth and moon in helium-3 is actually drastic. It is estimated that while earth has 15 tons of helium-3, the moon has between 1-5 million in reserves (4).
On a global level, mining helium-3 seems to be a core energy goal. With non-renewable resources running low, humanity is chasing after helium-3 resources on the moon. For example, countries like China are focusing their space missions on getting helium-3 samples (3).
Of course, helium-3 has yet to be used practically as a fuel on earth. Projects to create reactors that utilize this as fuel are still underway. After all, there isn’t much helium-3 available to begin with.
Platinum Group Metals. What Potential Does the Moon Hold for Mining?
Platinum group metals are characterized by their extreme rarity. Yet, they’re dug up due to their properties that are useful on many technological levels. As a general rule, platinum group metals are considered the densest, most conductive, and most heat-resistant of all elements.
Platinum group metals include: Platinum, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium, Ruthenium, and Rhodium. A single kilogram of each metal can cost thousands of dollars. Osmium for example is $13,000 per kilogram. Rhodium has at times reached $97,000 per kilogram.
That’s how rare those metals are.
The Competition for Energy. What Potential Does the Moon Hold for Mining?
We mentioned that China was already aiming for the helium-3 reserves on the moon. We can’t blame them, especially with the resource crisis they’re heading towards.
But what about other countries? After all, China isn’t the only country in the world with a space program. There’s also the USA, the first country to reach the moon. Then there’s China’s eternal next-door rival, Japan. Russia is also involved, having both a space program, and relying on resource exports that may be affected by helium-3.
Reaching into space to get helium-3 won’t be easy, but the same also applies to avoiding conflict in the process. In following articles, we’re going to talk about clashes of interests between nations on the moon. We’ll also discuss any roles each country’s military may have in the process!
Can humankind overcome national interest for a common goal for establishing a lunar colony?
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Most system administrators deploy Group Policy Objects (GPO) as a way to control and limit user activity on Windows based PCs. This is a very useful management tool as it provides granular control into the operations on the workstations. As any system admin will tell you, GPO ends up being a valuable tool because of the ease and time saving features.
Google offers a Chrome MSI installer and a GPO template to help admins automate widespread installation and control of Chrome. A MSI installer is one that can be pushed down to Windows clients and run silently without the user’s knowledge, or interaction. GPO templates define settings that affect how a Windows or a specific program, in this case Chrome, functions.
To get started, download the MSI and download the policy templates (Zip file). There are two different types of templates ADM and ADMX. ADM is for Windows Server 2003 domains and ADMX is for Windows Server 2008 domains. For this article, we will be creating a GPO in a Server 2003 domain. This GPO will require the MSI installer to be located in a network share. To do so, create a folder called MSI, assign share permissions for the Domain Computers group of ‘Read’ and assign security permissions of ‘Read/Execute’ for the Domain Computers group. Place the MSI within this folder.
GPOs can be applied to machines or to users. For Chrome, it is best to create the GPO for the machines rather than the users. This way Chrome is available to any user that logs onto any machine.
On your domain controller, open Group Policy Management and right-click on the OU that contains the PCs in your domain, typically “Domain Computers”. Select “Create and Link a GPO Here” and enter a name for the GPO, such as “Chrome Installer”. The new GPO will appear in the list.
Double-click the GPO to edit the settings. Under the ‘Security Filtering’, we want to add the machines this GPO will apply to. The most efficient way is to use a group, rather than individual machines. By default Active Directory places all domain computers (except domain controllers) into the Domain Computers group. Click ‘Add’ and then type in “domain computers” and click ‘OK’. Remove anything else that is listed there, such as user accounts or groups. (Figure A)
Click on the ‘Settings’ tab, which displays all the actions the GPO will take. Since this is a new GPO, nothing is listed. To edit these settings, right-click anywhere in the section and choose “Edit”. The Group Policy Object Editor opens with two sections: Computer Configuration and User Configuration. Since we want this GPO to perform actions on the machines, we are going to edit the Computer Configuration. Expand ‘Software Settings’ and select ‘Software Installation’. In the empty pane, right-click and select ‘New’ | ‘Package’. Navigate to the network share. It is very important to use the UNC path, for example “\server1folder”. Once you select the MSI, it will appear in the pane. (Figure B)
To add the templates, select ‘Administrative Templates’ and click the file menu ‘Action’ | ‘Add/Remove Templates’. Click ‘Add’ and browse to the template’s location and navigate the folder structure “windowsadmen-US” and select “chrome.adm”. Then the template will appear under Administrative Templates as “Google”. Expand the hierarchy of folders to see all the policies in the templates. There are a variety of policies, everything from controlling the startup page, to more advanced policies (Figure C). Notable policies are:
- Set Chrome as Default Browser
- Specify a list of plugins that a user can enable or disable
- Import bookmarks from default browser on first run
- Block access to a list of URLs
- Allow access to a list of URLs
- Set user data directory
- Configure the home page URL
- Enable the password manager (which should always be disabled)
- Action on Startup
Make changes to the policies as you see fit. When finished, close the Group Policy Object Editor window. Review the settings by clicking on ‘Show All”. (Figure D)
Then, right-click the GPO in the list on the left and select ‘GPO Status’ to ensure ‘Enabled’ is checked. (Figure E)
Finally, reboot the machines in order to apply the GPO, which will install Chrome and the templates.
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After three flat years, carbon dioxide emissions rose again in 2017, showing that the earth’s struggles with climate change will only continue. While this news discouraged those who believed we might have finally hit peak levels, there’s plenty to be hopeful about. Now is the time for individuals to do what they can to reduce their impact, through actions big and small. In the week leading up to Earth Day, Earth911 tackles five different areas in which you can make a difference. To wrap it up, we’re examining how your buying habits matter.
Why Conscious Consumerism Matters
Conscious consumerism is a broad term that could refer to any regular practice that consumers take to educate themselves about the products they purchase so that they can select brands, stores and products that are known to be sustainable or otherwise environmentally friendly.
The goals of this movement are twofold:
- Reduce the individual’s environmental impact. Each decision founded on conscious consumerism should lead the consumer to more sustainably sourced products that produce less pollution, generate less waste and can be created with fewer negative environmental consequences. These small steps, if taken by the majority of consumers, could lead to a massive reduction in human impact on the environment.
- Use your purchasing power to create change. Though somewhat controversial, conscious consumerism is also a way for consumers to “vote” for earth-friendly products and practices through the purchasing decisions they make. The idea is that if consumers routinely reward companies that protect the environment, those companies will be motivated to continue those practices, and environmentally damaging companies will be economically motivated to change their practices.
What You Can Do
If you’re interested in becoming a conscious consumer, there are several actionable steps you can take:
- Research before you make a purchase. Take the time to learn about the product you’re buying, including how it was produced, where it came from and what impact it will have on the environment when you’re done with it. Arm yourself with information by learning more about the manufacturers, distributors and stores involved in each transaction.
- Eat and shop locally when you can. Shopping locally is good for your local economy as well as your environment. Locally sourced goods require less fuel to transport, and local produce is likely to be fresher and better tasting.
- Opt for less packaging. When in doubt, always go with the option that has less packaging. The less waste you produce, the better.
- Avoid disposable goods. Disposable goods, whether the wrapper on your hamburger or paper cups for a party, are harmful to the environment. Choose reusable items whenever possible.
- Choose natural over synthetic. When possible, choose natural materials over their synthetic counterparts. For example, you might choose an organic cotton shirt over polyester.
- Spread the word. Increase awareness within your community by initiating conversations about conscious consumerism. The more people actively practicing these habits, the more impact we’ll make collectively.
The Future of Conscious Consumerism
The concept of conscious consumerism isn’t likely to change drastically in the near future, though the ways we practice conscious consumerism may evolve. An increase in corporate transparency — whether the result of collective consumer pressure or new government regulations — would greatly facilitate the ability of consumers to make informed decisions about their purchases. If companies gave us more information up front about the environmental impact of the products we buy, it would be much easier to become a conscious consumer (and might encourage more people to become conscious consumers).
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The Hamilton-Norwood scale was created to show the progression of male-pattern baldness, it’s an accepted standard scale. It was developed by James Hamilton in the 1950s and revised by O’Tar Norwood in the 1970s.
What is the Purpose of the Norwood Scale?
Even though it is not fully accurate, the Norwood Scale is employed throughout the world for two reasons:
This scale gives a visual tool for patients and doctors to use when describing male pattern hair loss (MPH). From the doctor’s perspective, it is a way to demonstrate to the patient what they can potentially expect to happen next. For the patient, this scale is an easy way to describe their MPH over the phone and during initial consultations.
When studying MPH, the Norwood Scale gives researchers a basic set of like terms to use. It is also easier to describe the earlier and later stages of hair loss using the Norwood Scale numerological phrasing. All in all, the Norwood Scale terminology helps minimise confusion.
Here is each stage of the Hamilton-Norwood Scale:
Type 1 – Minimal hair loss – There is very minor or no recession of the hair line. Unless you have a family history of baldness there is no need to worry. If not, monitor your hair closely.
Type 2 – Insignificant hair loss at the temples – There is triangular/symmetrical loss at the front temporal area. Hair falls and may become less dense in the central front part of the scalp. Initial signs of baldness are becoming evident.
Type 3 – Most scalps at this stage have deep symmetrical recession showing at the temples that are bare or only sparsely covered by hair.
Type 3 Vertex – The crown is added since it’s a common occurrence with age. Hair loss is primarily from the vertex with limited recession of the front temporal hairline.
Type 4 – Bigger pattern on the upper surface and hairline – That baldness at the front temporal areas are more severe than stage 3. A band of hair will usually separate the hair loss between the temporal and crown.
Type 5 – Patterns at both sides are bigger but a thin division line is still present – As the band across the top of the head gets thinner, hair loss on the temporal and crown areas get bigger.
Type 6 – The bridge of hair at the top of the head is now lost with only sparse hair remaining. Then the hair on the sides of the head is staring to fall.
Type 7 - This is the most advanced or severe form of hair loss. Only a narrow band of hair in a horseshoe shape survives on the sides and back of the scalp. This hair may be fine and less dense than before. At the nape of the neck the hair is sparse with a semi-circle over both ears.
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Search across the entire UKC database for Routes or Crags.
Your query will be matched against the following:
Name of Route/Crags
Name of Crags (for routes)
Name of Buttress (for routes)
Rock Type eg. granite, gritstorne, sandstone etc
Route Type eg. trad, sport, winter etc
Grade i.e. HVS, V3, IV etc
E.g. Froggatt HVS-E1 ** Grit
Surround multiple words with double quotes to require a match on that phrase, eg "bat route" malham
Asterisks get special treatment in search queries. A sequence of them is considered to be a star rating for a route, so
treated as 1-star, ** treated as 2-stars and *** treated as 3-stars. Typing just one sequence
search where the route is required to have at least that many stars, eg bat route ** will only return routes with
or more stars that also match the other search criteria bat and route.
Adding a dash and a second star sequence will create a range, eg *-** means "match routes with at least one and
most two stars".
As above with stars, but with grades. Eg vs-e1 will match routes with a grade of either VS,
HVS or E1.
Date ranges (only years)
Date ranges will check against the first-ascent date field and require the route to have been put up between the start date and
the end date (inclusive). Eg 1970-1974 will match routes put up between 01-01-1970 and
31-12-1974. You should note that not all routes have had the first ascent date filled in, and these routes will
excluded from any search that includes date ranges, so you might not get the results you expect.
Difficulty for grade
We've calculated a value based on the grade voting system that assigns a route a value from one of:
You can search for routes with these characteristics by using the special pipe-syntax, eg |soft|. If you don't wrap
the text in pipes, you'll just be searching the other text fields, so soft, with no pipes, would get you a match if
the text appeared in the description for example and |soft| will only match against routes that have been
marked as soft, and not check the other fields for the text.
A continuation of this system which uses the same syntax allows you to search for routes that are voted to be a completely
different grade using the following criteria:
eg |overgraded|. Note that this is based on votes, so if there are no votes for a route and you include one of these
won't appear, regardless of whether it is in reality over or undergraded. Note also that whilst you can combine these with
soft/benchmark/hard, some combinations make no sense.
Regular expressions, for those that don't know, are a way of describing patterns in strings. They are a very powerful tool for
searching and manipulating text, and completely unnecessary in this route search bar. However, if you do want to use them,
they are possible by surrounding the expression with forward slashes, eg /chris (?!craggs)/ will match any routes
that mention 'chris' but not those that mention 'chris craggs'. Or e2-e3
/crap|damp|horrible/ will return you a list of probably not classic routes.
Note that pure-regex queries are not allowed due to the cost of the queries against the database. You should always add any of
the other query types mentioned above if you're using a regex.
Finally, if you precede any text with a minus character you will negate it and require that it is not matched, eg -"mark
leach" bat malham.
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Looking for ways to save energy that apply specifically to Florida residents? These top 10 energy-saving tips will help trim your monthly utility bills and regain control of energy use in your home.
- Cool to only 78 degrees. Running the ceiling fan will make the room feel 4 degrees cooler while consuming 97 percent less energy than running the air conditioner. Just remember to turn off the fan when you leave the room.
- Make use of a programmable thermostat. This proven energy saver allows you to set the temperature back while you’re away. Program setbacks to 82 degrees or warmer while you’re gone at work all day.
- Reduce the water heater temperature. Many water heaters are automatically set to 140 degrees. However, by setting it to 120 degrees, you get plenty of hot water while saving energy on water heating each month.
- Invest in an energy-efficient dishwasher. This investment uses less water than washing dishes by hand. Plus, high-power energy-efficient dishwashers are able to remove stuck-on food. This eliminates the need to pre-rinse dishes, saving you even more on water heating costs.
- Use the washing machine wisely. Adjust the water level to the amount of clothing you’re washing, especially when using hot water. Then finish every batch with a cold rinse.
- Clean the lint filter before drying clothes. Your dryer works more efficiently if the lint filter is cleaned before every batch.
- Use the auto-detect dryer function. This prevents you from forgetting about the drying clothes and uses less energy than timed drying.
- Keep the A/C air filter clean. This is one of the energy-saving tips that keeps on giving. A clean air filter reduces air conditioning costs, helps prevent early system failure and keeps indoor air cleaner.
- Limit how long you run the pool pump. In the summer, run the pool pump no longer than six hours per day. In the winter, run it only four hours per day.
- Install low-flow showerheads and faucets. The recommended flow is 2.5 gallons per minute or less.
For more energy-saving tips, please contact Gulf Coast Air Systems in Tampa today.
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JUST as a car’s battery wears down with age, mitochondria, our cellular powerhouses, produce energy less efficiently as we get older. Now, ageing mice have been given a new lease of life after being injected with a drug that jump-starts their mitochondria.
Mitochondria contain genes coding for proteins important in energy production. So Shaharyar Khan of Gencia Corporation in Charlottesville, Virginia, and colleagues wondered if boosting the activity of these genes might reverse decline.
They took a naturally occurring mitochondrial transcription factor called TFAM, which initiates protein synthesis, and engineered it to cross into cells from the bloodstream and target the mitochondria.
Aged mice given modified TFAM showed improvements in memory and exercise performance compared with untreated mice. “It was like an 80-year-old recovering the function of a 30-year-old,” says Rafal Smigrodzki, also at Gencia, who presented the results at the Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence conference in Cambridge this month.
This article appeared in print under the headline “Jump-start cells to reverse ageing”
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Communication is at the heart of engagement. It is how we share with one another; how we connect, how we grow personally and professionally. Communication is the creation of shared meaning. When we communicate well, we learn, we understand, we influence, we expand! The sending and receiving of information and feelings is complicated business! At Spirit we know that misdunderstanding and conflict can often be thwarted or avoided with targeted communication skills training. And the indivudual can rise to his or her potential and inspire, learn, and lead!
Click on a topic to learn more about the presentation. Each workshop is customized to create a presentation or coaching session that is appropriate for you and your team.
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Abstract: Denervated muscle tissue undergoes morphologic changes that result in atrophy. The amount of muscle atrophy after denervation following free muscle transfer has not been measured so far. Therefore, the amount of muscle atrophy in human free muscle transfer for lower extremity reconstruction was measured in a series of 10 patients. Three-dimensional laser surface scanning was used to measure flap volume changes 2 weeks as well as 6 and 12 months after the operation. None of the muscles transferred was re-innervated.
All muscles healed uneventfully without signs of compromised perfusion resulting in partial flap loss. The muscle volume decreased to 30 ± 4% and 19 ± 4% 6 and 12 months, respectively, after the operation, ie, the volume decreased by approximately 80% within a 12-month period.
Denervated free muscle flap tissue undergoes massive atrophy of approximately 80%, mostly within the first 6 months.
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Museum für Naturkunde
Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions-
an der Humboldt-Universität
Phone +49 30 2093 8941
Fax +49 30 2093 8565
After an extensive hiring process over the last months the lab is growing rapidly with the addition of one student assistant (Marcus Walther), one preparator (Marten schöle), two PhD students (Maren Jansen and Neil Brocklehurst), and a postdoc (Soizic Le Fur).
Jörg Fröbisch Lab Berlin - Research
The origin and early evolution of amniotes, the clade that includes all fully terrestrial tetrapods, led to major changes in the structure and hierarchy of terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems, including the evolution of high-fiber herbivory, entirely new locomotor strategies such as climbing and flying, and ultimately the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. Our research focuses on the patterns of diversification, phylogeny, and paleobiology of one of the two major clades of amniotes, the Synapsida, the clade that ultimately led to the evolution of mammals. The application of a number of different approaches combines paleontological fieldwork with modern techniques (3D-imaging) and quantitative methods to shed new light on the initial patterns of diversification of synapsids, the transition from early forms to therapsids (including mammals) and the acquisition of key mammalian features. Ultimately, our research aims to quantitatively investigate trends in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, such as in their complexity, as well as to gain a better understanding of the impact of mass extinction events on terrestrial ecosystems, with the focus on the vertebrate fauna.
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Our senses are the oldest measuring tools used to judge what is good and what can be improved. In addition, we always have them with us. Consequently, Taste for Life have developed a new sensory science course for chefs and nutrition assistants.
The sensory science course proceeds over three days of teaching about taste and how our senses decode the experience of good food. The purpose is to move the methods of sensory science from the laboratory into the kitchen. The students are taught about the basic senses and the receptors transforming the chemistry and physics of the food to our experience of the food. Using examples from restaurants, the students make their own dishes to enhance their understanding of how the senses work together.
Measurement methods, vocabulary, and assessment of new dishes
The students are taught sensory measurement methods in order to understand which methods can be used for which purpose, not only when assessing if the ingredients are of good quality but also when developing a new menu.
Sensory scientists have developed precise vocabularies to describe all kinds of food and stimulants such as coffee, tea, wine, cheese, and honey. Some vocabularies are meant for a specific sense, for instance the sense of touch used to describe the mouth feeling.
When you have to make quick judgements of food that you have tasted several times before, you can use methods such as CATA in order to easily and quickly judge the taste.
In the end of the course, the students have to use their skills as craftsmen to develop new dishes based on principles of deliciousness. Additionally, they have to work with sensory methods, such as projective mapping, to develop new dishes. Projective mapping is especially suited when working with prototypes of new dishes or products, and when you only have a short period of time to judge the taste and quality.
On a sensory tour to the vocational schools
Associate professor Michael Bom Frøst from the Department of Food Science at University of Copenhagen is in charge of the new sensory science course. He gets help from Bat-El Menadeva-Karpantschof and Marie Damsbo-Svendsen. They have completed the sensory science course on several Danish vocational schools in cooperation with teachers from each school. The effect of the course on the students’ ability to describe their taste experiences is also being examined and evaluated.
Mentioned in the article
Associate Professor, PhD, University of Copenhagen.
Michael Bom Frøst is an associate professor in sensory science at the University of Copenhagen and the former director of Nordic Food Lab, a non-profit organization that investigates food diversity and deliciousness.
Foto: Robert Elkjær.
Bat-El Menadeva Karpantschof is a research assistant at Design and Consumer Behavior, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen. In Taste for Life, Bat-El develops course materials about taste and sensory science to chefs' and nutrition assistants' educations.
Bat-El was also coordinating MasseEksperimentet 2015, where up to 30.000 Danish children from 1350 school classes received aroma- and tastekits as part of a national experiment about childrens' taste preferences.
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Preparing Workforce In 3D Printing Project
Since its invention in the 1980’s, 3D printing has been adversely used for rapid prototyping. This is a process that involves the conversion of 3D digital models into finished, tangible and visual products. However, in the recent years, the technology has found its way into the education sector. Technology has revolutionized the way schools teach students.It has also started to evolve into the next-generation manufacturing technology. That is enabling the potential of local production of finished products.
3D Printing Programs
To grow a workforce that is capable of designing and developing 3D printed products is as important as advancing this technology. To meet this needs, it is necessary actively to introduce the use of 3D printing in our learning institutions for both training and education purposes.
One major challenge is that today’s technologies are growing at such a rapid pace that our conventional school curriculum programs can’t cope up with. As such, 3D printing programs have been developed specifically designed for learning and are now being integrated into school curricula.
3D Printing Into K-12
Ultimaker, a Dutch 3D printer manufacturer, is one example of a company. That has actively played a role in the education field as far as 3D printing is concerned. It has launched a pioneer program intended to bring 3D printing into K-12 as well as in schools of higher learning.
The pioneer program is an online-resource-sharing initiative encouraging teachers to share 3D printing resources to foster the use of the technology in both k12 and higher education.
Ultimaker hopes that this ambitious program is going to facilitate collaboration and innovation among instructors. With time it will eventually culminate into modern curricula that will be used to introduce the use of 3D printing effectively into the classrooms.
These programs focus more on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. Careers using skills in these subjects are viewed to be many as compared to other fields of study. However, concentration on STEM education alone doesn’t necessarily guarantee career-ready students for those positions.
Instead, students have also to acquire key skills required for their success in the workplaces. Some of these skills involve teamwork, interpersonal skills, problem-solving and oral communication. These deeper skills were hard to teach without experiential learning where students are actively engaged in the learning process.
3D printing plays a significant role in fostering these deeper learning skills. It keeps the student’s spirit of innovation alive and offers a wider view of what it entails manufacturing.
It also provides the ability to imagine and explore ideas that were not possible a few years ago. With 3D printing, students approach things without any barriers limiting them. This ensures they are more adequately prepared for tomorrow’s workforce.
Education systems must change to keep up with the changing technologies of the 21st century. When it specifically comes to manufacturing, students keeping up with technology change is a critical factor that must be considered.
Just the way the manufacturing industry is rapidly changing and so must the education system as well. To respond to these needs, schools must have the right equipment, curriculum and experienced instructors necessary to meet the manufacturer’s needs. It is important to note that most manufacturing processes are now starting to adapt to 3D printing technology in their productions.
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- EENG 410 - MicroProcessor I
Prof. Dr. Hasan Demirel
This course introduces the programming, architecture, and interfacing of the Intel 80x86 microprocessors for the last year students who had previous knowledge in both computer hardware and software.
A student, after successfully passing this course will be able to:
- understand the main components and working principals of the Intel 80x86 microprocessor
- program and debug in assembly language
- understand the basic computer architecture
- understand the memory organization and memory interfacing
- perform input/output device programming in assembly
- understand the hardware and software interrupts and their applications.
- understand the properties and interfacing of the parallel and serial ports
Catalog Course Description
Basic computer organization and introductory microprocessor architecture. Introduction to assembly language programming: basic instructions, program segments, registers, and memory. Control transfer instructions; arithmetic, logic instructions; rotate instructions and bitwise operations in assembly language. Basic computer architecture: pin definitions and supporting chips. Memory and memory interfacing. Basic I/O and device interfacing: I/O programming in assembly and programmable peripheral interface (PPI). Interfacing the parallel and serial ports. (Prerequisite: EEE 211).
- Lecture Notes (Part 1)
- Lecture Notes (Part 2)
- Course Project
Multiple-Speed Stepper Motor Control and Digital Display
The term project is about writing an Assembly Language Program to control a Stepper Motor interfaced to a PC through the parallel port. The project contains the following 3 main modules:
1. Stepper Motor Driving Module:
- The motor will rotate clockwise if f (forward) key is pressed and will rotate anticlockwise if r (reverse) key is pressed from the keyboard.
- The speed of the motor will be controlled by the mouse. If the left button is pressed (“clicked”) the speed will be incremented by 1 and If the right button is pressed (“clicked”) the speed will be decremented by 1.
2. Display Module:
- The speed level (from speed 0 to speed 7) will be displayed on the monitor and the 7-Segment Display connected to the Parallel Port.
i) You can do the project either alone or within a group of 2 students.
ii) A report must be submitted for each project. Each group will demonstrate their project in the lab.
- Topic 6
- Topic 7
- Topic 8
- Topic 9
- Topic 10
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Glacial Ice and Harbor Seal Study
Project Summary & Objectives
Glacier Bay National Park and the Glacier Bay Field Station, in partnership with the Geophysical Institute - University of Alaska Fairbanks and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory – Polar Ecosystem Program, have recently embarked on a new project that uses aerial digital imagery, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing technology, and geospatial models to assess the relationship between the availability of glacial ice and harbor seal spatial distribution and abundance in Johns Hopkins Inlet in Glacier Bay National Park. The primary objectives of this project are
Background and Rationale
Tidewater glaciers are a prominent landscape feature along the southeastern and south-central coasts of Alaska and play an important role in landscape and ecosystem processes. Many tidewater glaciers calve large icebergs into the sea which then serve as important resting and pupping spots for harbor seals, a species of concern in Alaska. Although tidewater glaciers are naturally dynamic, advancing and retreating in response to local climatic and tidal cycles, most of the ice sheets that feed tidewater glaciers in Alaska are thinning and, as a result, many of the tidewater glaciers are retreating. Climate change models predict continual and rapid loss of glacial ice with unknown impacts on organisms that rely on tidewater glaciers and tidewater glacial habitat.
Evidence suggests that the role of ice availability could be a factor associated with declines and/or shifts in the distribution of harbor seals in Glacier Bay. For example, between 1973 and 1986, the Muir Glacier in the upper East Arm of Glacier Bay experienced a catastrophic retreat and by 1993 the glacier was completely grounded. In the 1970's, prior to the grounding of Muir Glacier, in excess of 1,300 seals were counted in upper Muir Inlet in the East Arm (Streveler 1979). The dramatic retreat and subsequent grounding of the Muir Glacier resulted in the cessation of calving and iceberg production by the Muir Glacier. Consequently, the icebergs which were used by harbor seals to rest and give birth upon, were no longer available to seals as a haulout substrate and eventually resulted in the abandonment of upper Muir Inlet by harbor seals (Mathews 1995). By 2008, no seals were pupping in Muir Inlet, and fewer than 200 seals were counted in McBride Inlet near the terminus of the McBride Glacier, the only remaining tidewater glacier in the East Arm of Glacier Bay (Womble et al. 2010).
Changes in tidewater glaciers in Alaska have the potential to impact harbor seals in and adjacent to several NPS units (Glacier Bay National Park, Kenai Fjords National Park, Wrangell St. Elias National Park) in Alaska where seals are highly dependent upon icebergs calved from tidewater glaciers. Understanding relationships between glacial ice availability and harbor seal distribution and abundance will provide novel perspectives on the spatial and temporal variation of harbor seals in tidewater glacial fjords in Alaska which host some of the largest aggregations of harbor seals in the world.
Johns Hopkins Inlet is an expansive (12 km long X 2.5 km wide) tidewater glacial fjord in the upper West Arm of Glacier Bay and is the primary glacial ice site used by harbor seals in Glacier Bay. Johns Hopkins Glacier and the Gilman Glacier form a single advancing ice front that is approximately 2 kilometers wide in Johns Hopkins Inlet. The glaciers are fed by several tributary glaciers that extend several kilometers into the surrounding Fairweather Mountain Range. The glacier is approximately 250 feet high at the terminus and is characterized by submarine calving activity. Icebergs that are calved from the advancing ice front provide resting substrate for harbor seals.
For more information on this project, please contact Jamie Womble, project coordinator.
Did You Know?
Lungwort lichens get their name because their appearance is similar to lung tissue. Some lungworts are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen to forms that other lichens and plants can use. The presence of lungwort is an indicator of a rich, unpolluted forest habitat.
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