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Laparoscopic adult colorectal surgeon and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a safe combination?

This study suggests that an adult colorectal surgeon can provide a safe and effective service for adolescents with IBD, including the provision of laparoscopic resection in this challenging patient group.

These findings suggest that both MCP-1 and MCP-5 are HIF-1 target genes and that HIF-1alpha is involved in transcriptional induction of these two chemokines in astrocytes by hypoxia.

Does tube thoracostomy during allogeneic stem cell transplantation carry an increased risk for infections or bleeding?

Tube thoracostomy in itself does not seem to pose additional risks in the transplant procedure, despite all patients in this series being considered to be at high-risk for complications.

At 1-year follow-up, the performance of DFT testing does not seem to add any significant efficacy advantage in patients undergoing ICD implantation. Prospective randomized trials and long-term follow-up are warranted to clarify whether routine DFT testing may be safely abandoned leading to a revision of current guidelines.

Do tissue resistivities determine the current flow in the cochlea?

Electrode design and coding strategies may result in more spatial stimulation of spiral ganglion cells, resulting in a better performance of the electrode-tissue interface.

In carefully selected patients, laparoscopic and endourological techniques can be successfully combined in a one procedure solution that deals with complex stone disease and repairs underlying urinary anomalies.

Does local application of BMP-2 specific plasmids in fibrin glue promote implant fixation?

Our results underline the transfecting capability of this vector and support the idea that BMP-2 might diminish osseointegration. Further studies are necessary to specify the exact mechanisms and the systemic effects.

In CD, macroscopically noninflamed colon contributes to diarrhea via impaired ENaC-mediated sodium absorption. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for CD diarrhea.

Does multivitamin supplementation improve haematologic status in children born to HIV-positive women in Tanzania?

Multivitamin supplements improve haematologic status among children born to HIV-positive women. Further trials focusing on anaemia among HIV-exposed children are warranted in the context of antiretroviral therapy.

Resistance to anti-Gal antibody-mediated damage in the model was observed in skin grafts 100 to 150 days post-grafting but not earlier and was associated with a reduction in Gal expression. It is possible that below a threshold level of Gal expression, the grafts were not susceptible to anti-Gal antibody.

Is ran a potential therapeutic target for cancer cells with molecular changes associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways?

Ran is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of cancers with mutations/changes of expression in protooncogenes that lead to activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways.

Previous studies and our study reveal that the frequency of RLS and PSQ increases in IBS. However, this result is a lower rate compared to previous studies. The controlled and prospective studies with larger numbers of cases which demonstrate the real frequency.

Polyclonal gammopathy after BKV infection in HSCT recipient: a novel trigger for plasma cells replication?

This case report describes a rare and unexpected polyclonal gammopathy developed during a polyomavirus-associated nephropathy confirmed by immunohistochemical and laboratory analyses.

Our data suggests that miR-30b is important for the biology of the mammary gland and demonstrates that the deregulation of only one miRNA could affect lactation and involution.

Are human IgG/Fc gamma R interactions modulated by streptococcal IgG glycan hydrolysis?

We provide novel information about bacterial enzymatic modulation of the IgG/Fc gamma R interaction that emphasizes the importance of glycosylation for antibody effector functions. Moreover, EndoS could be used as a biochemical tool for specific IgG N-glycan hydrolysis and IgG purification/detection, or as a potential immunosuppressing agent for treatment of antibody-mediated pathological processes.

Taken together, these results could explain the anti-inflammatory in vivo effects observed when the amniotic membrane is used as a transplant.

Does health promotion need a Code of Ethics?

Considering that health promoters encounter ethical dilemmas frequently in their practice, this study reinforces the need to develop a CoE for the field. The recommendations from the survey provide a good basis for future work to develop such a code.

Fructose strongly increased the contractile response of aortic rings to both phenylephrine and KCl (Emax was increased by 147.3% and 150.5%, respectively) but it did not affect the relaxant response to Ach. Curcumin significantly decreased the hyper responsiveness of arterial rings to both vasopressors (for phenylephrine, Emax decreased from 147.3% in fructose incubated aorta to 81%, and for KCl, Emax decreased from 150.5% in fructose-incubated aorta to 77.24% respectively). Curcumin also reduces the intracellular calcium level (85% reduction in intracellular calcium). A 1400 W was the only agent that potentiates the effect of curcumin.

Are patterns of lymph node metastasis different in colon and rectal carcinomas?

Rectal carcinomas seem more prone to metastasize to the lymph nodes than colon carcinomas, which may be of potential clinical significance.

Up to 20% of all deaths among men who had both prostate cancer and comorbidities could be explained by the comorbidity-prostate cancer interaction. The mortality attributable to comorbidity itself and the mortality attributable to the interaction may be reduced by successful treatment of the comorbidity.

Do patients' outcomes suffer when surgical fellows are involved in hepatic resection?

Hepatectomy involving a fellow may be associated with an increased risk of surgical site infections. FELLOW cases were more complex. Mortality, cardiac, pulmonary, and other serious morbidities were similar. Despite slightly greater rates of surgical site infections, training in hepatic surgery maintains excellent patient outcomes.

Increased ECMR signaling associated with consumption of a WD plays a key role in endothelial sodium channel activation, reduced nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and inflammation that lead to aortic remodeling and stiffness in female mice.

Follow-up of the patient with HIV infection: a hospital task?

The abandonment rate of out-patient hospital follow-up by HIV-infected patients appears extremely high, especially among drug addicts (DDA).

Adiponectin is significantly correlated with IGF-I z scores and, along with BMI, ALT and significant steatosis, is independently associated with IGF-I deficiency in obese non-diabetic women.

Is verbal and visuospatial memory in lateral onset Parkinson disease : time of the essence?

These results indicate that the RHO PD group experienced a significant decline in verbal free recall and a significant improvement in visuospatial free recall from the immediate to the delayed trials and that the LHO PD patients experienced no significant changes. Further, mental processing speed appears to influence the recall of information from the immediate to the delayed conditions.

These data indicate that carbohydrate supplementation attenuates perceived exertion during prolonged intermittent exercise and recovery.

Does methylglyoxal mediate streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain via activation of the peripheral TRPA1 and Nav1.8 channels?

Endogenously increased methylglyoxal may mediate diabetic neuropathic pain via activation of both TRPA1 and Nav1.8 expressed on primary afferent sensory neurons, and injection of methylglyoxal into the hindpaw may serve as a simple and robust model for testing the anti-diabetic pain drugs.

LAP(+)CD4(+) T cells as a suppressor subset could accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and circulated more in the peripheral blood with tumor progression in patients with CRC.

Does association with volume status and inflammation account for the increased death risk from high peritoneal protein clearance in peritoneal dialysis?

Peritoneal PrC, although correlated with volume overload and inflammation, is largely an independent predictor of mortality.

Serum resistin was related to the severity of heart failure and associated with a high risk for adverse cardiac events in patients with heart failure.

Does pretreatment total testosterone level predict pathological stage in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy?

Pretreatment total testosterone was an independent predictor of extraprostatic disease in patients with localized prostate cancer. As testosterone decreases patients have an increased likelihood of non-organ confined disease. Low testosterone was not predictive of biochemical recurrence, although trends observed dictate study in larger cohorts with mature followup.

Our findings indicate that the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a better marker than the apoB/apoA1 ratio for identifying IR and MetS in Koreans.

Does remodeling lead to distinctly more intimal hyperplasia in coronary than in infrainguinal vein grafts?

Although coronary and infrainguinal bypass surgery uses saphenous veins as conduits, they undergo significantly different remodeling processes in these two anatomic positions.

Circulating mononuclear cell transcripts characterize a response to the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Even in small patient cohorts, changes in gene expression in conjunction with FEV(1) may enhance current outcomes measures for treatment response.

Do embryological manipulations in the developing Xenopus inner ear reveal an intrinsic role for Wnt signaling in dorsal-ventral patterning?

There is less regenerative potential along the D-V axis. Wnt3a protein alone is sufficient to rescue the severe loss of inner ear structures resulting from dorsal but not ventral half ablations.

Colonoscopy conducted for screening indication has comparable completion rates when compared with other indications. An overall completion rate of around 95% was noted in this study. This is the largest study to date verifying that completion rates are meeting recommended multisociety guidelines in the USA. Nonspecific abdominal symptoms in Caucasian population, female sex, advanced age, clinical setting, and ethnic groups African-American and Hispanic were found to have increased risk of incomplete procedure.

Does deletion of the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan type XVIII collagen cause hypertriglyceridemia in mice and humans?

This is the first report demonstrating that Lpl presentation on the lumenal side of the endothelium depends on a basement membrane proteoglycan and demonstrates a previously unrecognized phenotype in patients lacking Col18.

The determination of these IL1-related loci does not have any predictive value for stratification of subgroups with respect to gastric cancer risk.

Is periostin required for maximal airways inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice?

In mice, periostin is required for maximal airways hyperresponsiveness and inflammation after HDM sensitization and challenge. Periostin is required for maximal HDM-induced T-cell responses.

Our results obtained from a fairly large sample of old and very old, multimorbid community-dwellers show that elevated serum CAF levels are associated with sarcopenia, independent of age, gender and several clinical, functional, anthropometric, and biochemical variables. The determination of serum CAF concentration may therefore be proposed as a simple screening test for sarcopenia in the community.

Does medium-chain triglyceride ameliorate insulin resistance and inflammation in high fat diet-induced obese mice?

Our study demonstrated that MCT was efficacious in suppressing body fat accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation in high fat diet-fed mice. These data suggest that MCT may exert beneficial effects against high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation.

In CHC patients steatosis induces the development of fibrosis by elevating the hepatic expression of TGF-beta.

Does helicobacter pylori have stimulatory effects on naive T cells?

These data suggest that H. pylori possesses molecules that cause higher than expected proliferation of naive T cells.

This study has demonstrated that elevated levels of CSF S100B are associated with brain injury and could be used as an independent predictor of clinically unfavorable outcomes at discharge in children with CNS infections.

Does habitual physical exercise have beneficial effects on telomere length in postmenopausal women?

Habitual physical exercise is associated with greater telomere length in postmenopausal women. This finding suggests that habitual physical exercise in postmenopausal women may reduce telomere attrition.

Proper staging and the avoidance of nontherapeutic lymph node dissection seems acceptable for clinical stage I lung cancer in the group of elderly patients.

Should surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation be performed in patients with a significantly enlarged left atrium?

The large left atrium group had acceptable return to sinus rhythm and sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs. The embolic stroke rate was low despite the majority of patients not taking anticoagulation. If patients are managed appropriately post-ablation, left atrial size should not be a discouragement when evaluating surgical candidates with atrial fibrillation.

The RIM101 signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the development of C. albicans keratitis. The fungal pathway intermediates Rim8p, Rim13p, Rim20p, and Rim101p and the downstream cell-wall protein Phr1p are pivotal in the process of corneal invasion by C. albicans.

Do motor vehicle injuries among semi truck drivers and sleeper berth passengers?

Nonuse of occupant safety restraints by either drivers or sleeper berth passengers significantly increased the odds of an injury in a moving semi truck collision; semi truck seating position (driver's seat or sleeper berth) did not increase the odds for an injury in moving collisions.

Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy significantly enhances survival over patients treated with single modality therapy alone. Quality of life issues should be addressed on a case by case basis as additional treatment modalities are initiated.

Utility of Lower Extremity Doppler in Patients with Lower Extremity Cellulitis: A Need to Change the Practice?

A concurrent incidence of DVT and LE cellulitis is rare. In the absence of known risk factors of DVT, the yield of LE Doppler is low and Doppler ultrasound is not required as a part of a standard admission evaluation.

These preliminary results suggest that the DAT1 gene effects in the striatum are involved in translating the genetic risk of ADHD into a neurobiological substrate. As such, this study represents a first step in elucidating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying genetic influences in ADHD. Furthermore, these results may contribute to long-term possibilities for the development of new treatments: If the DAT1 genotype has differential effects on striatal activation, then it may be useful as a surrogate endpoint in individualized treatments targeting genotype/functional magnetic resonance imaging activation profiles.

Can Perhexiline Be Utilized Without Long-Term Toxicity?

This first audit of a large population treated long-term perhexiline demonstrates the following: (1) Although the frequency of monitoring is less than ideal, therapeutic drug monitoring effectively limits occurrence of toxic drug concentrations and virtually eliminates long-term hepato- and neuro-toxicity and (2) Mortality rates during long-term therapy, notably for patients with concomitant heart failure, are surprisingly low.

This uncontrolled, open-label trial suggests that OROS-MPH is well tolerated, providing core symptom control with the added benefit of improving executive function. However, future larger, randomized, controlled trials are required.

Long-term results of intrarenal surgery for branched calculi: is such surgery still valid?

Intrarenal surgery, conducted using modern anatomical guidelines, was an effective treatment for renal branched stones. The long-term results are satisfactory after appropriate correction of the urinary tract, with the consequent prevention of stasis and chronic infection. The definitive comparison between surgical and combined endoscopic/extracorporeal methods will only become clear when there is a comparable follow-up. Currently, surgery remains preferable in patients with giant calculi, a small pelvis and prevalent calyceal development.

The distinguishing neural patterns mediating syntactic, but not semantic, processing provide evidence that specific brain functions for some aspects of language processing may be associated with stuttering persistence. Unlike CWS-Rec and CWNS, the lack of semantic context in Jabberwocky sentences seemed to affect the syntactic processing strategies of CWS-Per, resulting in the elicitation of semantically based N400-like activity during syntactic (phrase structure) violations. This vulnerability suggests neural mechanisms associated with the processing of syntactic structure may be less mature in 6-7-year-old children whose stuttering persisted compared to their fluent or recovered peers.

Does transcutaneous iontophoresis of methadone provoke local flushing and thermal hyperalgesia?

Stimulation of mu-opioid receptors dilated cutaneous blood vessels, and evoked local thermal analgesia and hyperalgesia at different stimulus intensities. However, stimulation of mu-opioid receptors did not produce wheals or flares.

Potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmic events could be predicted by the WM test. In combination with other risk factors WMI may be useful in these patients.

Is low forced expiratory volume in one second associated with the history of acute coronary syndrome in patients with organic coronary stenosis?

Reduced FEV

Physical training can restrain brain damage and ameliorate spatial learning and memory impairments in rats with HIBD.

Does education and training of referring physicians decrease at-home call demand?

Basic education of nonophthalmologists in ophthalmic diagnostic and treatment concepts, through relatively brief educational interventions, was associated with a decrease in total consultation requests and more appropriate consultations in this pilot study at a single institution.

Presence of a palpable meniscal click during physical examination is strongly indicative of a meniscal tear diagnosed at surgery. The meniscus should always be carefully examined at surgery despite preoperative findings, because the absence of a palpable meniscal click is not a strong indicator for a normal meniscus.

Is transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization an alternative to operative hemorrhoidectomy?

THD was an effective alternative to operative hemorrhoidectomy. It may be the only option for patients where an operative hemorrhoidectomy is contraindicated because of incontinence.

P-ADL functioning in nursing home patients with dementia worsened over time. The worsening was associated with more severe dementia, higher physical comorbidity, agitation, apathy and no use of anxiolytics and antidementia medication. Clinicians should pay attention to these variables (associates) in order to help the nursing home residents with dementia to maintain their level of functioning for as long as possible.

Is fistula output microorganism-susceptible antimicrobial prophylaxis associated with a lower risk of surgical site infection in gastrointestinal fistula patients undergoing one-stage definitive surgery?

Antimicrobial prophylaxis targeted toward fistula output AMP may minimize the occurrence of SSIs after one-stage definitive surgical treatment of GI fistula.

These results indicate that the preserved funicular section of the nuchal ligament attached both to the C6 and C7 spinous processes plays an important role in preventing undesirable radiologic changes after laminoplasty.

Does normal differential renal function indicate a normal kidney after partial ureteropelvic obstruction and subsequent relief in 2-week-old piglets?

This study shows that partial ureteric obstruction in young pigs may be associated with little effect on global and differential kidney function. However, even after relief of HN, the distribution of (99m)Tc-DMSA in the kidney remains abnormal suggesting that a normal differential renal function may not represent a normal kidney.

The analysis of the available clinical data from multiple institutions support that breast cancer has a low ratio of α/β, encouraging hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens for breast cancer.

Is spike frequency dependent on epilepsy duration and seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy?

Seizure frequency and epilepsy duration (years of patient's life with seizure activity) were independently associated with IED frequency, suggesting that IED are modulated by seizures.

Despite its ability to activate the AKT pathway in skeletal muscle, an acute EPO injection had no additive or synergistic effect on the exercise-induced activation of muscle protein synthesis or muscle protein synthesis signaling pathways.

Migraine and audiovestibular dysfunction: is there a correlation?

Auditory brainstem-evoked response abnormalities may be the earliest indicator of impending auditory involvement in migraine.

After tumor ablation by ethanol injection, interferon therapy may enhance patient survival in selected patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Is coffee consumption associated with a reduced risk of venous thrombosis that is mediated through hemostatic factor levels?

Coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of venous thrombosis, which seems to be mediated through von Willebrand factor and FVIII.

Patients with T2DM diagnosed as young adults seem to have an increased risk to develop diabetic nephropathy compared with those with T1DM. Older age and higher BMI at diagnosis of diabetes were risk markers for development of diabetic nephropathy. In addition, poor glycaemic control but not systolic blood pressure at 9 years of follow-up was a risk marker for later development of diabetic nephropathy.

Does glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase contribute to the regulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle?

We have identified a novel, previously unrecognized role for G6PDH in the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.

Preventing burns in the household in South Asia, particularly around kitchen activities, is essential. Children in South Asia are susceptible to burns and are an important target population. Future research should focus on filling the gaps in burn epidemiology found in this review.

Does hepatic steatosis have an impact on the short term hepatic response after complete attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts?

This preliminary study suggests that the presence of hepatic lipidosis and LG has no demonstrable effect on development of acquired shunts or the magnitude of increase in liver volume after attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs.

In our cohort the location of pT2 PSM was associated with time to BR, that is, patients with non-apical pT2 PSM endured the highest risk of BR compared to apical PSM. This may indicate that not all patients with pT2 PSM should be offered adjuvant therapy.

Is prolongation of the QTc interval seen uniformly during early transmural ischemia?

The QTc interval prolongs in 100% of patients with early transmural ischemia. When compared with clinically accepted indexes of transmural ischemia (i.e., STD and STE [> or =1 mm]) it is the earliest ECG abnormality.

In humans, temporospatial interactions of gut stimuli activate modulatory phenomena that determine the perception intensity of the stimuli.

Does microRNA-155 expression have prognostic value in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and digestive system carcinomas?

The results indicated that the miR-155 expression level plays a prognostic role in patients with cancer, especially NSCLCs and digestive system carcinomas.

Menthol cigarette use has not typically been evaluated as a predictor of smoking cessation outcomes, but emerging evidence suggests that consumption of menthol may make cessation more difficult. This study adds to the literature supporting the claim that smoking menthol cigarettes can have adverse effects on smoking cessation efforts and on other cessation-related outcomes, such as postcessation weight gain.

Is local analgesic effect of tramadol mediated by opioid receptors in early postoperative pain in rats?

Tramadol presented an early local analgesic effect decreasing mechanical hyperalgesia induced by plantar incision. This analgesic effect was not mediated by peripheral opioid receptors.

It is hypothesized that the reason for limited N2 fixation in aquatic Utricularia, despite the large potential capacity, is the high concentration of NH4-N (2·0-4·3 mg L(-1)) in the trap fluid. Resulting from fast turnover of organic detritus, it probably inhibits N2 fixation in most of the microorganisms present. Nitrogen fixation is not expected to contribute significantly to N nutrition of aquatic carnivorous plants under their typical growth conditions; however, on an annual basis the plant-microbe system can supply nitrogen in the order of hundreds of mg m(-2) into the nutrient-limited littoral zone, where it may thus represent an important N source.

Is One Early Renographic Follow-Up Adequate to Measure the Success of Robotic Pyeloplasty?

In case of complete symptom resolution, a nonobstructive diuretic half-time of ≤10 minutes on early DRG following stent removal suggests that further routine renographic follow-up is unnecessary. Patients with an equivocal early DRG (T1/2between 10 and 20 minutes) require further scintigraphic follow-up, as they have a 42.1% chance of staying equivocal.

An adequately trained NPP is able to perform TRUSP as effectively as an experienced urologist after an initial learning curve of 50 cases.

Do splicing variants of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR56 regulate the activity of transcription factors associated with tumorigenesis?

These results suggested that the splicing of GPR56 may induce differential tumorigenic responses owing to their varied ability to activate transcription factors.

Cancer stem cell-like cells possess mesenchymal characteristics and EMT ability, and cyclin D1 involves in EMT mechanism, suggesting that EMT of cancer stem cell-like cells may play a key role in invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer.

Is activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway associated with poor survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP?

STAT3 activation correlated with poor survival in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP, especially those with tumors of the ABC-DLBCL subtype.

Overall, we demonstrate the accumulation of granulocytic MDSCs with prostate cancer progression and the feasibility of using TLR9-targeted STAT3siRNA delivery strategy to alleviate MDSC-mediated immunosuppression.

Are cellular and plasma oxidative stress biomarkers raised in adults with bronchiectasis?

Biomarkers of oxidative stress, both in plasma and intracellular were raised in patients with bronchiectasis compared with controls. No differences were seen in the CF patients compared with the others.

Biofilm formation regulates the survival and invasiveness of F. nucleatum in an aerobic environment.

Can participation in a health affairs interdisciplinary case conference improve medical students' knowledge and attitudes?

Participation in a three-hour HAICC resulted in medical students' increased knowledge about and attitudes toward the role of interdisciplinary teams in health care.

These results suggest that zerumbone may protect against UVB-induced cataractogensis through reducing lipid peroxides and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant GSH level and GR activity.

Do rhinosinusitis Task Force symptoms versus the Sinonasal Outcomes Test in patients evaluated for chronic rhinosinusitis?

Total RSTF symptom scores are significantly different in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared with those without this disease. The total RSTF symptom scores also correlate with a validated outcome measures instrument.

Immediate loaded implant is an effective repairing method for patients missing teeth and the esthetics effect is ideal.

Does alpha-actinin-3 deficiency significantly alter oxidative enzyme activity in fast human muscle fibres?

In conclusion, the increase in oxidative enzyme activity of fast muscle fibres, as reported in an Actn3(-/-) knock-out mouse, was not observed in our human samples. Known differences in metabolic characteristics of muscle fibres in rodents compared to humans may in part explain this discrepancy in findings.

Our results demonstrate that engagement of TLR3 within the salivary glands results in a rapid loss of glandular function. This phenomenon is associated with the production of type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines in the salivary glands. Restoration of glandular function suggests that for viral etiology of SS, a chronic infection of salivary glands might be necessary.

Is miR-141 a key regulator of renal cell carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by controlling EphA2 expression?

miR-141 serves as a potential biomarker for discriminating ccRCC from normal tissues and a crucial suppressor of ccRCC cell proliferation and metastasis by modulating the EphA2/p-FAK/p-AKT/MMPs signaling cascade.

Referring physicians should pay special attention to patients with non-diabetic kidney disease and patients with multiple comorbidities since delayed referral to nephrologists may result in poorer patient-related outcomes. Larger and long-term prospective studies analyzing the long-term consequences of late referral to nephrologists are needed.

Is persistence of left ventricular hypertrophy a stronger indicator of cardiovascular events than baseline left ventricular mass or systolic performance : 10 years of follow-up?

Our results suggest that lack of regression of LVH is a stronger indicator of cardiovascular risk than a depressed baseline midwall left ventricular performance.

General practice registers can provide a suitable sampling frame for epidemiological purposes. Inaccuracies in the register can be reduced to some extent by careful inspection, but an irreducible minimum remain. Information held in general practice records can be useful in assessing response bias in health surveys.

Laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgery for benign and malignant conditions. Does aetiology have an effect on health-related quality of life?

Laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgery significantly improves mental and does not appear to reduce physical HRQoL in patients regardless of aetiology, 4 weeks following surgery. Interestingly, those operated on for malignant conditions do not have a greater improvement in mental health when compared with benign disease.

Neonatal BCG vaccinations ameliorate de novo local eosinophilic inflammation induced by allergen and increase the numbers of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and Foxp3 expression. The cell-cell contact inhibition and regulatory cytokine production may be involved in the regulatory mechanism.

Do immunisation procedures match provider perception?

For any QI procedure, including immunisation delivery, providers must first understand how the process within their practice actually occurs. Direct observation of immunisation processes and medical record review enhances survey responses in identifying areas for improvement. This study identified several opportunities that practices can use to improve immunisation delivery, particularly maintaining accurate and easy-to-locate immunisation records and prompting for needed immunisations during sick visits.

False tendon should be taken into account as differential diagnosis of left ventricular echogenic focus in the fetus. Misinterpretation of false tendon as echogenic focus may cause unnecessary fetal invasive approach and maternal anxiety, especially when it arises with a background of borderline fetal findings and knowledge.

Is microRNA regulation of NAC-domain targets required for proper formation and separation of adjacent embryonic , vegetative , and floral organs?

These results demonstrate that miR164-directed regulation of CUC1 is necessary for normal embryonic, vegetative, and floral development. They also show that proper miR164 dosage or localization is required for separation of adjacent embryonic, vegetative, and floral organs, thus implicating miR164 as a common regulatory component of the molecular circuitry that controls the separation of different developing organs and thereby exposes a posttranscriptional layer of NAC-domain gene regulation during plant development.

Some evidence is provided for the existence of ancestral laminar ginkgophyte sporophylls. Homology of the newly found fossil ginkgophyte fructifications with the aberrant O-ha-tsuki fructifications of Ginkgo biloba is proposed. This would support the interpretation of the apical part of the common Ginkgo biloba fructification (stalklet/collar/ovule) as a sporophyll with reduced leaf lamina.

Does hoechst increase adeno-associated virus-mediated transgene expression in airway epithelia by inducing the cytomegalovirus promoter?

Hoechst dramatically augments and accelerates AAV-mediated transgene expression in airway epithelia without altering AAV-mediated gene transfer. Hoechst activation of the cytomegalovirus promoter is seen in plasmids, although it is drastically enhanced in the context of AAV.

This is the first known description of ESBL-producing and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Shigella and of PMQR Shigella in Iran. The emergence of CTX-15, CMY-2 and qnrS1 genes may compromise the treatment of shigellosis. Strategies to minimize the spread of ESBL-producing and AmpC-β-lactamase-producing Shigella should be implemented.

Is dobutamine stress echocardiography predictive of middle and late term outcomes in mitral stenosis patients?

DSE seems to detect MS patients that will have rapid evolution of their valvular disease within 24 months.

Overexpression of GFAT increases hexosamine accumulation which mediates TGFbeta1 expression via a protein kinase-C and p38-MAPK dependent mechanism. Increased glucose concentrations magnify these effects.

Are toll-like receptors and cytokines upregulated during Helicobacter pylori infection in children?

This study shows the gastric epithelia of children respond to H. pylori infection by increasing the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9 and the cytokines IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α.

EGI which is a distinct entity with abnormal intermediate glucose response in glucose tolerance test (GTT) appears to be a risk factor similar to IGT in the development of diabetes. They had higher insulin resistance with normal insulin secretion. Therefore, it is important to determine the intermediate value also during the GTT in addition to fasting and 2 hr post glucose values.

Do ahR and Arnt differentially regulate NF-κB signaling and chemokine responses in human bronchial epithelial cells?

AhR and Arnt may differentially and independently regulate chemokine-responses induced by both inhaled pollutants and pulmonary infections. Constitutively active, unligated AhR suppressed the activation of p65, while Arnt may possibly interfere with the action of activated p65. Moreover, ligand-activated AhR suppressed CXCL8 and CCL5 responses by other agents, but AhR ligands alone induced CXCL8 responses when given at sufficiently high concentrations, thus underscoring the duality of AhR in regulation of inflammation. We propose that AhR-signaling may be a weak activator of p65-signaling that suppresses p65-activity induced by strong activators of NF-κB, but that its anti-inflammatory properties also are due to interference with additional pathways.

The results demonstrate that bolus administration of rocuronium (2x to 3x ED95) in combination with high-dose fentanyl provides sufficient cardiovascular stability among elderly CABG patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The cardiovascular profile of the two different bolus doses was similar. Rocuronium, in both doses, appears to be a suitable agent for muscle relaxation, especially for patients who require a high degree of cardiovascular stability.

Is c-reactive protein a useful predictor of metronidazole treatment failure in mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile infection?

(CRP) is a useful predictor of metronidazole treatment failure in mild-to-moderate C. difficile infection.

GNRI at initiation of HD therapy could predict CVD mortality with incremental value of the predictability compared to serum albumin and body mass index in ESRD patients.

Does urinary albumin excretion at follow-up predict cardiovascular outcomes in subjects with resistant hypertension?

In RH patients, the inability to microalbuminuria regression, either due to persistence or new appearance, independently predicts CVD.

The risk of major and minor complications within the first 6 months after surgery is not necessarily greater in the revision group than in the primary group of patients with adult spinal deformity who have combined surgeries. Total parenteral nutrition does appear to have a role in many of these patients.

Does s-adenosylmethionine prevent Mallory Denk body formation in drug-primed mice by inhibiting the epigenetic memory?

SAMe treatment prevented Mallory Denk body formation in vivo and in vitro by preventing the expression of a molecular cellular memory induced by prior DDC feeding. No evidence for the involvement of oxidative stress in induction of the memory was found. The molecular memory included the up-regulation of the expression of genes associated with the development of liver cell preneoplasia.

High BMI status is suggested to attenuate the associations of alcohol intake with lower LDL cholesterol, higher HDL cholesterol and lower LDL/HDL ratio.

Does candesartan reduce urinary fatty acid-binding protein excretion in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

Increased urinary L-FABP levels may be associated with the development of ADPKD, and candesartan cilexetil has a beneficial effect on reducing these levels.

Our data show that lipolysis of TGRLPs and their remodelling by PLTP interact to disturb cellular phospholipid flux and intracellular signaling processes, ultimately leading to apoptosis in human macrophages and endothelial cells.

Are cytokine gene polymorphisms associated with irritable bowel syndrome : a systematic review and meta-analysis?

This meta-analysis indicates a role for IL-10 polymorphisms in IBS in general and TNF in Asian populations. Whether or not gene polymorphisms are associated with alterations in cytokine levels leading to functional effects at the level of the gut needs further investigation.

These results establish the validity of the ACHWM. The children gave this measure an Ojibway name, Aaniish Naa Gegii, meaning "how are you?". This measure is now ready for implementation, and will contribute to a better understanding of the health of Aboriginal children.

Fear for external cephalic version and depression: predictors of successful external cephalic version for breech presentation at term?

Fear for ECV and depression were not related with ECV success rate in this study. Engagement of the fetal breech was the most important factor associated with a successful ECV.

The few effects seen in this study are small and age-dependent, and nearly all our findings support numerous previous studies of no effect of vaccines on asthma. Based on these findings, the fear of their child developing atopic disease should not deter parents from immunising their children, especially when weighed against the benefits.

Are fibroblast growth factor-23 levels associated with vascular calcifications in peritoneal dialysis patients?

FGF-23 levels are associated with VC in PD patients. Further studies are needed to clarify whether it is simply a marker or a potential factor. It may prove to be an important therapeutic target for VC management.

The oro-oral route of transmission between spouses is unlikely to be an important mode for H. pylori infection.

Are number and tumor size sufficient criteria to select patients for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Tumor size and VI were the only significant prognostic factors affecting survival of HCC patients. Primary liver resection could be a potential selection treatment before LT.

There are reports of local instillation of solvent restoring central ports occluded by lipid-containing parenteral nutrient admixture, calcium phosphate salt precipitate, and coagulated blood. No report of local instillation into an occluded port to dissolve precipitate of phenytoin could be found. Several factors are involved in the precipitation and dissolution of phenytoin. The key factor in this case was the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of the solution. Decreased pH caused the precipitation, but increased pH caused the dissolution of the precipitate of phenytoin.

Do Flexible Goal Adjustment and Acceptance Help Preserve Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis?

The findings suggest the potential importance of acceptance in understanding MS patients' quality of life, although its hypothesized protective function could not be confirmed. Further conceptual work on acceptance and goal regulation style is needed, as well as prospective work investigating their causal status.

When a suboptimal graft:recipient body weight ratio is accompanied by high rPVF in ALDLTx, the portal flow should be modulated perioperatively; splenic artery ligation is a simple and safe method that is sufficient to allow this modulation in most patients.

Does cortico-juxtacortical involvement increase risk of epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis?

Our findings support a credible role of cortical and juxtacortical involvement in the development of epileptic seizures in MS.

Our time-consuming methodical procedure implicated a relatively small number of participants due to restricted personnel resources. The restriction to hospitalised probands could possibly cause a limited representativity of the study sample.

Does comparison of visceral leishmaniasis diagnostic antigens in African and Asian Leishmania donovani reveal extensive diversity and region-specific polymorphisms?

We demonstrate that there is extensive kinesin genetic diversity among strains in East Africa and between East Africa and South Asia, with ample scope for influencing performance of rK39 diagnostic assays. We also show the importance of targeted comparative genomics in guiding optimisation of recombinant/synthetic diagnostic antigens.

The complexity of initial resection and pancreatic fistula were independently associated with hospital readmissions after PD. Further efforts should be centered on preventing early readmissions, which constitute half of all readmissions.

Do elevated dietary zinc oxide levels have a substantial effect on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ( PPRSV ) vaccination and infection?

Our results suggest that higher levels of dietary ZnO do not have the potential to stimulate or modulate systemic immune responses after vaccination and heterologous PRRSV infection to an extent that could improve the clinical and virological outcome.

Significantly higher proportions of patients with anaphylaxis received epinephrine and were admitted to the ED observation unit after introduction of epinephrine autoinjectors and order set implementation. Slightly more than half of the biphasic reactions occurred within the recommended observation time of 4 to 6 hours. Analysis of these data suggests that the multifaceted approach to changing anaphylaxis management described here improved guideline adherence.

Does interferon-alpha protect Philadelphia-negative progenitors from exhaustion in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with cytogenetic response?

These findings suggest that the decline of normal hematopoietic progenitors, currently observed in the majority of CML patients, is not induced by IFN-alpha treatment, but it is likely due to the expanding leukemic clone. They also indicate that normal hematopoietic reservoir is consistently preserved in patients given IFN-alpha early after diagnosis and achieving a stable cytogenetic response.

No synergistic effect of local oestrogens and antimuscarinics in the treatment of OAB was found. Antimuscarinic treatment has lower cure rates in women with symptomatic DO complaining of incontinence at orgasm or in patients with DO following provocative manoeuvres. The association of local oestrogens does not influence the role of the two mentioned risk factors.

Does hydrogen bonding with adsorbent during storage govern drug dissolution from solid-dispersion granules?

A competitive balance between hydrogen bonding of the drugs with Neusilin and Ostwald ripening determines drug dissolution from solid-dispersion granules upon storage.

The PTH2 receptor is expressed on human granulocytes and--to a lesser degree--on monocytes and lymphocytes. In patients with hyperparathyroidism the PTH2 receptor is down-regulated as function of plasma PTH levels.

Repeat HIV testing: high-risk behaviour or risk reduction strategy?

In this London HIV testing clinic, no significant differences were found in the frequency of UPS between repeat and first-time testers with the exception of gay men with a history of three or more previous HIV tests, who reported elevated levels of high-risk sexual behaviour. For many people, repeat HIV testing has become part of a risk reduction strategy to establish seroconcordance with a regular partner. HIV test counselling provides the opportunity both to address high-risk behaviour and to reinforce personal risk-reduction strategies.

Correction of renal sonographic parameters for body height strengthens the degree of the correlation of renal sonography with the GFR. The improved correlation with the GFR makes renal sonography a reliable tool for a more complete assessment of patients with CKD.

Do genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients by RAPD-PCR?

In present study, we found RAPD-PCR technique as a useful tool for investigation of the genetic variation among P. aeruginosa strains. This is a rapid, low cost, genotypic method with high discriminatory power. The results could assist to screen for the original of infection caused by this organism with subsequent control of colonization and transmission.

The present study did not find evidence indicating that glucocorticoids reduce subjective fear in healthy subjects exposed to a socially fearful situation.

Does walking for a short distance at a brisk pace reduce intraocular pressure by a clinically significant amount?

A short brisk walk caused a clinically significant reduction in IOP by an amount that was related to the relative intensity of the exertion, and it did not recover within a 20-minute period. Clinicians are advised to seek information regarding recent physical activity (including walking) and the subsequent resting period, when highly accurate measurements of IOP are required.

The PPAC method is superior to standard interactive thresholding. However, variability in DIA scores between sections invalidates the technique for clinical use and semi-quantitative scoring systems remain the gold standard for fibrosis assessment.

Are rAD18 polymorphisms associated with platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer?

RAD18 polymorphisms are correlated with the side effects of platinum-chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC.

Thus, despite a significant reduction of duration of the assay from four to one day, induction of apoptosis evaluated by caspase-3 activity does not seem to be a valid surrogate marker for chemosensitivity.

Is estrogen necessary after hysteroscopic incision of the uterine septum?

Estrogen has no apparent role after hysteroscopic incision of the septum.

These results show that inhibition of G beta gamma signaling with adenoviral-mediated beta ARKCT in vivo infection effectively modifies the structural and functional hyperplastic abnormalities in vein grafts.

Does adeno-associated virus type 2 Rep40 modulate the proliferation rate of Rep52-expressing HeLa cells?

These results suggest that while Rep52 expression retards cell proliferation, Rep40 promotes recovery from Rep52-induced HeLa cell growth inhibition.

These findings imply that a detailed assessment of the cystectomy specimen for the presence of microscopic perivesical fat invasion might not be necessary, as the presence of pT3a disease has no strong effect on recurrence or mortality. Moreover, patients with pT3a disease might not require more aggressive therapy than their counterparts with pT2 disease. However, further validation of our data is required.

Is extended resection of hemosiderin fringe better for seizure outcome : a study in patients with cavernous malformation associated with refractory epilepsy?

Our study suggests that complete removal of hemosiderin fringe brain tissue surrounding CCMs may improve short-term and long-term seizure outcome.

An isogenic RTT-hiPSC model demonstrated that MeCP2 participates in the differentiation of neural cells. Moreover, MeCP2 deficiency triggers perturbation of astrocytic gene expression, yielding accelerated astrocyte formation from RTT-hiPSC-derived neural stem cells. These findings are likely to shed new light on astrocytic abnormalities in RTT, and suggest that astrocytes, which are required for neuronal homeostasis and function, might be a new target of RTT therapy.

Does direction of injection affect the spread of spinal bupivacaine in parturients?

The direction of the aperture of the Whitacre needle does not influence the spread of hyperbaric bupivacaine in the term parturient.

Common sonographic findings of tubal ectopic pregnancy do not correlate with serum biochemistry. High levels of CA 125, hCG or estradiol may suggest a larger adnexal mass in women with uncomplicated tubal pregnancies. Hemodynamically stable and hemodynamically unstable women do not differ in their serum biochemistry.

Do a review of the effect of swim training and nutrition on bone mineral density in female athletes?

A review of the literature suggests that exercise intervention studies, including longitudinal and randomized control trials, need to attempt to introduce various exercise programs to female swimmers in order to determine the optimal exercise prescription for bone health.

The yield of T-cell gene rearrangement studies is similar between shorter and longer duration of disease implying that there is not an optimal duration range in which T-cell gene rearrangement studies are more likely to give a positive result.

Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide: a marker of depressed hypercapnic drive in type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Chemosensitivity to hypercapnia was depressed in patients with diabetes mellitus, irrespective of autonomic neuropathy, in comparison with control subjects. The correlation with pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide suggests that microcirculatory damage might contribute to depress the central chemosensitivity.

Restrictive lung function was associated with increased sympathetic nerve activity independently from HF severity.

Does a novel desmocollin-2 mutation reveal insights into the molecular link between desmosomes and gap junctions?

The observed abnormalities in gap junction protein expression and phosphorylation, which precede an overt cardiac phenotype, likely are responsible for slow myocardial conduction in this patient. At the molecular level, altered binding properties of the desmocollin-2a mutant may contribute to the changes in connexin43. In particular, the newly identified interaction between the desmocollin-2a isoform and connexin43 provides novel insights into the molecular link between desmosomes and gap junctions.

T2D leads to arrhythmogenic atrial remodelling in ZDF rats. CatA-inhibition reduces LA bradykinin-degrading activity in ZDF and suppresses the development of atrial structural changes and AF-promotion, implicating CatA as an important mediator for AF-substrate in T2D.

Does use of an electronic medical record improve the quality of urban pediatric primary care?

Use of the EMR in this study was associated with improved quality of care. This experience suggests that EMRs can be successfully used in busy urban pediatric primary care centers and, as recommended by the Institute of Medicine, must play a central role in the redesign of the US health care system.

This study indicates that MEX exert a pleiotropic protective effect on the lung and inhibit pulmonary hypertension through suppression of hyperproliferative pathways, including STAT3-mediated signaling induced by hypoxia.

Is overlap subtype of chronic graft-versus-host disease associated with an adverse prognosis , functional impairment , and inferior patient-reported outcomes : a Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Consortium study?

These findings suggest that the presence of acute features in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease is a marker of adverse prognosis, greater functional impairment, and higher symptom burden.

H2 O2 exerted dual concentration-dependent stimulatory/inhibitory effects on store-operated, IP3 receptor-mediated and Orai1-mediated Ca(2+) entry, not coupled to vasoconstriction in coronary vascular smooth muscle. SOC entry activated by H2 O2 was enhanced and associated with vascular oxidative stress in coronary arteries in metabolic syndrome.

Does preapplication of orthodontic forces to the donor teeth affect periodontal healing of transplanted teeth?

These results suggested that the preapplication of orthodontic force to the donor teeth increased the PDL width and eased the extraction, which might decrease root resorption after replantation.

Routine IOC does not decrease the rate of bile duct injury, but is associated with significant added cost. Surgeons' routine use of IOC is correlated with increased rates of postsurgical procedures, and is associated with increased overall complications. These data suggest routine IOC may not improve outcomes.

Do the testis of the mice C57/BL6 offspring in adulthood have alterations due to maternal caffeine consumption?

Maternal caffeine consumption has a role and alters the testis of the offspring in adulthood.

A different pattern of MS patients' births is observed in Sicily and in Northern countries.

Preventive care use among the Belgian elderly population: does socio-economic status matter?

The results highlight the need to promote cholesterol and blood sugar measurement for lower SE groups, and pneumococcus immunization for the entire elderly population. Influenza immunization seems to be equally spread among different SE groups.

Absorbable hemostatic materials have starkly different effects on mucosal healing. Unlike other agents, MPH is rapidly cleared and has no negative effects on healing or intact sinus mucosa.

Is endogenous estrogen associated with cognitive performance before , during , or after menopause?

These results do not support the hypothesis that estrogen or menopausal status affects cognitive performance in middle-aged women.

During short-term follow-up after ADV discontinuation, most patients (95%) exhibited viral relapse, whereas and viral breakthrough occurred in about half of patients (53%) maintained on ADV therapy. Therefore, the durability of virologic response after ADV discontinuation in LMV-R patients was unsatisfactory. In addition, and viral breakthrough was not infrequent in the ADV continuation group.

Are nocturnal breathing, sleep, and cognitive performance impaired at moderate altitude (1,630-2,590 m)?

Healthy men acutely exposed during 4 days to hypoxemia at 1,630 m and 2,590 m reveal a considerable amount of periodic breathing and sleep disturbances. However, no significant effects on psychomotor reaction speed or cognitive performance were observed.

Despite the limited number of patients, especially in the placebo (n = 3) and the high-dose groups (n = 2), our observations suggest that FTY exerts differential effects on T-cell subpopulations. FTY predominantly reduces CD4(+)CD62L(+) cells in the peripheral blood suggesting increased migration into lymph nodes. It seems that only FTY doses above 2 mg are able to reduce peripheral CD4(+)CCR5(+) T lymphocytes, which are potentially capable of infiltrating into the allograft during rejection.

Do adrenoceptor agonists inhibit calcium-dependent potentials in rat stellate ganglion neurons?

The adrenoceptor agonists inhibitied the 3 calcium-dependent potentials; f-EPSP was inhibited by reducing Ca2+ influx at presynaptic site in population of neurons.

The results of this study suggest that isoflurane increases the expression and activity of EAAT3 by stabilizing EAAT3 mRNA and proteins via protein kinase C- and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-independent pathways.

Does nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase promote cell proliferation and autophagy?

Our results indicate that expression of Nedd4 promoted cell proliferation and colony formation but prevented apoptosis. Moreover, Nedd4 promoted autophagy and was associated with the mTOR signalling pathway.

OPCRIT-generated consistent diagnoses revealed no significant fall in the incidence of schizophrenia. Changes in diagnostic practice have caused the declining rates of clinically diagnosed schizophrenia in Dumfries and Galloway.

Do anti-alpha-internexin autoantibody from neuropsychiatric lupus induce cognitive damage via inhibiting axonal elongation and promote neuron apoptosis?

Taken together, this study identified a novel anti-neurofilament aAb in NPSLE, and established a hitherto undescribed mechanism of aAb-mediated neuron damage that could have relevance to the pathophysiology of NPSLE.

Angiotensin II receptor blocker is associated with a decreased risk of UGIB in hypertensive CKD patients not on dialysis, independent of their renal function, history of gastrointestinal bleeding and nutrition status.

Do drinking-age laws have an impact on crime?

Release from drinking-age laws appears to be associated with immediate increases in population-level violent and nonviolent crimes among young people in Canada.

The lumbar DSD, as determined by ultrasound, is not a predictor of spinal anesthesia spread. Further research is necessary to understand if ultrasound findings can be used to predict intrathecal spread of local anesthetics.

Do two endogenous retroviral loci appear to contribute to Multiple Sclerosis?

We formulate various theories about the role of the viruses. Also, the concept is developing that some forms of autoimmunity should be treatable with antiretrovirals. In the case of MS, this idea is gradually gaining weight.

In patients with mild vascular dementia, anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC is able to produce additional effects to cognitive training on visual short-term memory, verbal working memory, and executive control.

Is early hyperglycemia associated with poor gross motor outcome in asphyxiated term newborns?

High blood glucose in the first 12 hours is associated with poor gross motor outcome in this cohort of asphyxiated term infants. Clinicians should avoid hyperglycemia in managing term infants with asphyxia.

ACSSR can reduce left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, protect coronary endothelial function, and reduce infarct size for rescue of the acutely ischemic myocardium in pigs during off-pump beating heart surgery.

Are there differences between women's and men's antidepressant responses?

Neither sex nor menopausal status may be relevant in antidepressant treatment of adult depressed patients up to 65 years of age. Although women had a statistically superior response to MAOIs, this difference may not be clinically relevant.

Silencing of transcription by DNA methylation is achieved at the level of transcription initiation and involves the removal of transcriptional machinery from active templates. This transcriptional repression can occur by indirect mechanisms involving the time-dependent assembly of repressive nucleoprotein complexes, which are able to inhibit transcription more effectively than nucleosomes alone.

Is regular dilatation unnecessary after tubularized incised-plate hypospadias repair?

Dilatation of the neourethra is unnecessary after TIP urethroplasty. Calibration or uroflowmetry 6 months after surgery may be useful to detect subclinical obstruction.

Circulating OxLDL-specific markers strongly reflect the presence of ACS, implying immune awareness to newly exposed oxidation-specific epitopes and possible release of OxLDL in the circulation. The OxLDL-E06 measurements provide novel insights into plaque rupture and the potential atherogenicity of Lp(a).

Does concentration and distribution of hyaluronic acid in human vocal fold?

HA is diffusely distributed along the vocal folds; the profuse amounts of HA observed in the female vocal folds may be related to impact absorption, acting as a protective factor against the characteristic high vibration frequency.

LSM varies between 3.2 and 8.5 kPa in healthy subjects of South Asian origin. Both lean and obese healthy subjects have higher LSM values compared with subjects with normal BMI. Liver stiffness begins to increase even before fibrosis appears in patients with liver disease.

Does serial magnetic resonance imaging correlate with neurological outcome in an experimental model of spinal cord ischemia?

Findings on MR imaging can differentiate clinical outcomes in this experimental model of spinal cord ischemia. While further studies are required, MR could be useful in predicting which patients are at risk for delayed paraplegia after TAA repair.

It appears necessary to increase the information given to young persons about harmful levels of alcohol intake; b) we found no clear evidence of risk drinking among younger persons; this will require questioning about their week-end drinking habits; c) risk drinkers know the limits of consumption that can damage their health, but their alcohol consumption is incongruent with this knowledge.