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an innate behavior that has evolved to serve a communicative purpose in members of the same |
species Many such signals are observed in the animal kingdom They are often used to |
negotiate conflict For example among wolves the pack leader has a dominant posture head |
and ears up chest forward tail stiff and a confident swagger The other members of the pack |
especially if unrelated to the leader walk with heads lowered ears back and tails low and |
wagging They remain behind the pack leader when traveling If the alpha wolf challenges them |
they will back away bend down or even lie on the ground exposing their vulnerable |
underbellies It is clear to see that constant submissive signaling imprisons beta wolves in a |
suboptimal state of being |
Subordinate dogs use much of the same body language They lick or swallow nervously |
display submissive grins freeze and tremble Many dogs in the act of submission will dribble |
urine or pee on themselves without even lifting their leg Canines are not unique in this All |
mammals resort to their own set of subordination displays They do it to avoid the escalation |
from contest to attack To avoid outright fighting and bodily harm lowerranking individuals |
send a message You dont need to undermine me because am already undermining myself |
PROGRAM PEACE Self Care Exercises to Reprogram Your Mind and Body |
Due to how social primates are submissive displays may be more important to them than |
to any other order of mammal As primates humans constantly send out signals about |
inferiority and resignation Indeed much of our nonverbal behavior exists to communicate |
deference to other humans When we encounter a dominant member of our species we |
restrict our breathing subvert our posture speak in a high voice and tighten our faces |
Monkeys and apes routinely do the same It is essential to realize that these displays are |
controlled by innate unconscious processes Although you may not think you are inferior we |
were all born with neural pathways that cause us to adopt postures signifying inferiority These |
pathways are encoded in our DNA and soldered into our nervous system before birth |
Samuel Johnson said No two people can be half an hour together but one shall acquire |
an evident superiority over the other If this is true the average person acts submissive at |
least of the time Even when we meet someone new regardless of their status we stoop |
our necks stop flexing our buttocks raise our shoulders and stand shorter to make certain we |
do not offend them This is the equivalent of the principal mammalian submissive display of |
rolling over to expose the belly |
We have all known since preschool that bullies dont want us to appear calmer than they |
are If they think we are too relaxed they are often willing to become violent To address this |
we learn to use anxiety as a form of social lubrication would go as far as to say that very little |
of my anxiety was due to the usual purported cause physical trauma and rumination about it |
was not a victim of domestic abuse as a child and have never been molested believe that |
most of my anxiety and depression was due to the cumulative effects of submissive signaling |
These ritualized selfdestructive displays extend to our breathing We unconsciously |
assume that to be respectful and friendly we must make our breathing shallow We are afraid |
that if our breaths are deep and long other people will find it offensive Again shallow |
breathing is inherited from our mammalian ancestry It shows other individuals that we are |
taking the present encounter seriously rather than being too relaxed |
The use of submissive tells communicates a history of victimization They can also |
communicate that we are tired distressed possibly crippled and are not poised for fighting |
Instead they show we are poised for flight This would have kept humans safe during hunting |
and gathering times It may also have kept us safe from larger kids on elementary school |
playgrounds But it only holds us back in modern adulthood Unless of course you are |
in prison |
For an inmate to avoid attracting negative attention in jail criminologists recommend using |
submissive body language Their advice Never puff up your chest minimize eye contact dont |
whistle dont sing dont dance and above all keep your head down pointed toward the |
ground Nonsubmissive body language is taken as disrespectful Acting depressed keeps others |
from wanting to attack you This was probably a major concern for our ancestors as many |
experts today believe the major predator of prehistoric humans was other humans |
People who have close encounters with pound silverback gorillas in the wild must do |
the same The more subdued they act the less likely they are to be attacked So primatologists |
in the field slump over act sheepish move very slowly and look straight at the ground |
avoiding any eye contact Even though they are perfect strangers amid adult gorillas and their |
young as long as they continue to do these things they are usually completely safe But you |
dont live among wild gorillas and you are likely not reading this book from a jail cell so dont |
Chapter Optimal Quality of Life Training |
resort to conciliatory gestures It is not your responsibility to placate anyone with postural |
concessions Instead we should make it our responsibility to overcome our genetic inclinations |
to do so and influence others to do the same even if only by example |
Handicapping Signals Buy Mercy |
Animal behaviorists point out that the costs of handicapping signals may enhance their |
perceived value Because submissive behaviors hurt us others recognize them as valid Tensing |
our muscles and using inefficient postures usually results in an energy deficit meaning that a |
subordinate individual is spending energy to buy mercy The crouching and cringing that |
nondominant wolves exhibit require extra energy and come with personal costs such as |
muscular strain yet communicate that they are loyal servile members of the pack Thus |
capitulation responses are authentic signals that we are operating with an impediment |
Blushing and crying have been conceptualized in a similar way Indeed a blush can be |
unwanted but often the costs to the blusher can be outweighed by the benefits The |
involuntary aspect of a blush declares sensitivity to social norms and proves to others that you |
feel shame or guilt and value the group Crying is an extreme form of selfhandicapping Some |
scientists believe that its evolved purpose is to selfsabotage normal vision It also simulates |
respiratory distress Sobbing thus signals acquiescence to a potential assailant It convinces the |
aggressor that we are no longer a threat There are many similar displays among animals all of |
which are ways of saying Look Im going to all this extra trouble just to prove to you that Im |
not an enemy |
Chimpanzees have obvious ways to signal that they have been defeated walking in an |
apathetic way covering their face hitting themselves and lying prostrate Primates depend on |
these submissive displays because they constantly compete with members of their closeknit |
group for mating opportunities and food Generally hierarchies among males govern access to |
fertile females whereas female hierarchies govern access to food resources as these are a |
limiting factor for pregnancy and lactation As modern humans we usually dont fight physically |
over sex or meals so why are our inclinations for submission so strong |
The answer is that humans dont just selfhandicap to display deference Unfortunately for |
us we also do it to be likable In humans signaling a handicap can communicate modesty |
conveying that one is not shameless or brazen We demonstrate anxiety to build rapport with |
others smooth over issues and prove our friendliness We do our best to act ingratiating |
taking on bodily tension to do so It is part of peoplepleasing and the need to be accepted but |
it is incredibly draining This book will introduce a philosophy for dealing with these pressures |
describing how to be a calm confident likable person without recourse to submissive signaling |
We use submissive displays around those we see as our superiors our equals and even our |
inferiors Even very dominant people use subordination displays to be endearing and get |
people to open up and trust them Therefore it is not always clear whether submissive |
signaling is better characterized as weakness or as a form of social intelligence It depends on |
the circumstances primarily on the specific display in question and how long it is used Before |
Subsets and Splits