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The Evelyn Howick Memorial Reserve was created in memory of the late Lord Howick, formerly chairman of the Nature Conservancy Council and a former president of the Northumberland Wildlife Trust. The reserve, of about 6 hectares, is a disused limestone quarry with probably the best exposure of Acre limestone in the county.
The quarry is classified as a 'dormant' site. There are reminders of the site's active quarrying days, including lime kilns which are a Grade II listed building. Also present are a steel ammunition (explosives) shed made from a former ship's boiler, trackways connecting the quarry face to the lime kilns, a series of stone compartments (used for coal storage), a stone-lined pumping shaft with remains of headworks, a filled-in shaft (marked as a well on some maps), remnants of both rails and sleepers, and iron piping. Most of the quarry has been back-filled with waste stone except for an area below the quarry face on the north side which has filled with water to form two ponds. Damp and water-logged areas are also present below the rock face on the west and south sides. The quarry waste is now covered with mosses, grasses and herbs with some scattered scrub. Mature scrub (mostly hawthorn) is to be found at the north-east corner of the reserve. An exclosure on the south side of the large pond has been fenced to exclude stock and originally to monitor the effects of different management regimes. A further exclosure was constructed in 1996 to enable newly-planted trees and scrub species to be protected from grazing. The reserve's diversity of habitat creates favourable conditions particularly for birds, amphibians and invertebrates. The grassland, formerly species-poor, has now developed a range of flora. The wide variety of interest makes the reserve important for naturalists, geologists and historians as well as the casual visitor. Active management is required if its full potential is to be realised. The estate currently uses the reserve for grazing sheep, mainly during the summer months between April and October. The ponds around the edge of the site contain water plantain, bulrush and bur-reed, and are used by coots and moorhens, with frogs and smooth newts also present. Tufted duck, sparrowhawk and willow warbler are just a few of the bird species that can be seen at the reserve. Common mammals include stoats, moles and shrews. The grassland contains species such as bulbous buttercup, early purple orchid and mouse-eared hawkweed. |
UC Santa Barbara > History Department > Prof. Marcuse > Courses > Hist 133B Homepage > 133B Book Essays Index page > Student essay
Humanizing A Hero: A Look Into the Life of Oskar Schindler
on: David Crowe, Oskar Schindler: The Untold Account of His
Life, Wartime Activities, and the True Story Behind the List
by Lauren Foehr
for Prof. Marcuse's lecture course
About Lauren Foehr
I am a junior History major whose main interest is history of the twentieth century. I traveled to Berlin in December of 2008. During my time there I saw where the Bendler Block was located, as well as its current state, which is a parking lot. I chose to write about Crowe's book because I was interested in seeing how true Steven Spielberg's film was and to learn more about Oskar Schindler himself rather than just his legacy.
Abstract (back to top)
David Crowe's book Oskar Schindler explores Oskar Schindler's entire life, especially his character. Crowe argues that Schindler sought early on to solely make money, and that he engaged in both moral and economic compromises in order to generate profits. Yet Crowe later concludes that, as "the war and the Holocaust changed, so did Oskar Schindler," for his concerns began to surround the welfare of Jews rather than generating revenue (Crowe, 132). However Schindler's flaws must not only be noted as a means of establishing contrast but also that such flaws, such as his insatiable quest for wealth, in turn assisted in his success in saving Jews. Oskar Schindler himself remarked "I am far from being a saint," when asked about his wartime actions (Crowe, 130). Crowe successfully depicts the complex life of Oskar Schindler, seeking to reveal his true character, and as a result, humanizes a hero.
Essay (back to top)
“I am far from being a saint,” remarked Oskar Schindler when prompted about the Jewish lives he spared during the Second World War (Crowe, 130). David M. Crowe, in his biography appropriately titled Oskar Schindler, documents the span of Schindler’s life, seeking to discover the man’s motivations for his decision to save so many Jewish lives. With the use of numerous sources, from Emilie Schindler’s memoir, to government documents, and accounts of Schindlerjuden (Schindler’s Jews) and others Crowe successfully depicts the complex life of Oskar Schindler. Crowe argues that Oskar Schindler sought early on to solely make money, engaging in both moral and economic compromises in order to generate profits. Crowe later concludes that, as “the war and the Holocaust changed, so did Oskar Schindler,” for his concerns began to surround the protection of Jews rather than generating revenue (Crowe, 132). However, Oskar Schindler’s flaws must not only be noted as a means of establishing contrast but also that his flaws, such as his initial insatiable quest for wealth, in turn assisted in his quest to save Jews from Third Reich.
Crowe begins his portrayal of Oskar Schindler by depicting the family environment in which he was raised, seeking to provide a foundation to which he builds upon over the course of his work. In the process Crowe creates a stark comparison between Schindler and his father. Both men were excessive drinkers and habitually unfaithful to their wives, a similarity that Schindler failed to cognize (Crowe, 72). Schindler’s mirroring of his father’s toxic lifestyle fueled his insatiable quest for money further, as it required him not only to support his wife, Emilie, as well as a slew of mistresses and eventually two illegitimate children. The monetary supply required to maintain multiple households in turn led Schindler to employ himself as a spy and to later on buy a factory in Kraków, both of which he engaged in with the hopes of increasing his own prestige and wealth (Crowe, 54).
Oskar Schindler spent the early portion of his adulthood as a spy for the Abwehr, a division of German military intelligence. The author sheds light on this period of Schindler’s life with immense detail, describing specific missions as well as contacts to which Schindler engaged in at this time. He does so to lay a foundation of Schindler’s persona as a young man that enables him to establish a basis of evidence, a reference point of sorts. This ‘reference point’ is referred to by the author throughout the book for a variety of reasons. The man personified as a spy for German intelligence, one who aided in the preparation of Nazi invasions in both Czechoslovakia and Poland stands in sharp contrast to the actions he carried out once the war had erupted on an international scale (Crowe, 45). Crowe’s successful depiction of Schindler as a young adult provides a basis for his argument of the profound changes that Schindler underwent over the course of the war, culminating in the establishment of the famous ‘list.’ Emphasis on the early period of Schindler’s life has additional significance to Schindler’s story, as a few of the contacts that he made during this time, such as Wehrmacht’s Armaments Inspectorate Officers, whom he openly thanked following the war for helping make his ‘list’ possible (Crowe, 48). For the officers assisted in Oskar’s prompt release from prison on the three separate occasions when he was arrested during the war. These were men that Oskar categorized in a personal letter as either, “ anti-Nazi or at least opponents of the SS and its methods” (Crowe, 57).
The historical work Oskar Schindler explores events surrounding Schindler and his factories in an attempt to pinpoint in the quest to locate specific event or moment that may have ignited Schindler’s shift in aspirations for his businesses away from revenue to rather the formation of his ‘list.’ Schindler purchased his first enamelware factory in Kraków, Poland in 1939 from a Jewish family, capitalizing on the German invasion there and the persecution of Jews. This purchase was done solely as a means to earn copious amounts of money. Crowe highlights this paradox that initially Schindler capitalized on the plight Jews were beginning to face, but also that, through testimony by a member of the previous owners, Schindler did in fact pay a fair price for the industrial establishment (Crowe, 89). Although Schindler possessed a drive for profits, the biographer concludes that Schindler was not a savvy businessman, a weakness that resulted in his employment of Abraham Bankier. Bankier managed business operations and found a niche within the Polish markets resulting in significant profits - the black market. Without Bankier Schindler’s business would not have generated the wealth it did. The factory’s entanglement in the black market resulted in substantial profits.
Schindler’s factory allowed him to achieve the economic status he so had longed for, which fuels curiosity around what inspired him to ultimately spend this fortune on protecting his Jewish workers. His fortune was dispersed over the wide range of expenses the Schindlerjuden brought. These expenses included a daily fee to the SS for each of his workers of approximately $1.56 for each male worker and $1.25 for each female (Crowe, 408). The costs of construction for housing, and other living expenses for his Jewish employees, such as food, left him in debt by the end of the war. This contrast demonstrates the severity to which Oskar Schindler changed his motivations, as he cast away his previous goal, the attainment of wealth, in order to succeed in saving so many Jewish lives.
In regards to the moment in which Schindler decided to strive to establish the ‘list’ and protect Jews, a confirmed origin of such epiphany is unknown. However Crowe concludes that Schindler’s decision to “solely save his Jewish workers was more than likely a gradual one.” (Crowe, 177) Crowe notes that this decision was made over the course of the summer of 1942 (Crowe, 111). During this time death camps were opened to which Jews in Kraków were routinely “rounded up and hauled off” to (Crowe,183). Schindler’s quest was solidified further by the mass murders that ensued with the closing of the Kraków ghetto in March 1943. During the closing the Kinderheim horror was carried out, in which hundreds of Jewish children, including infants, were shot in an alleyway. The gradual nature of Schindler’s decision to undermine the Nazis’ ‘final solution’ supports Crowe’s notion that Schindler himself changed as a result of the escalating violence surrounding him (Crowe, 194). Yet one must also realize that without Schindler’s initial greed the funding for his quest would not have been possible.
Once Oskar Schindler concluded that his prerogative was to protect his Jewish workers he sought to do so by establishing a strategic friendship with the Plaszow camp’s commandant, Amon Göth. Crowe cites testimonies of the camp’s survivors regarding Göth’s demeanor, including several instances in which he called upon his dogs to tear inmates apart (Crowe, 209). Schindler’s affiliation with Göth is explored by Crowe with immense care, almost too much so, as he explores not only the relationship between the two men but also Göth’s entire military record within the Nazi regime (Crowe, 226). However although Schindler frequented Göth’s social gatherings the biographer stresses that Oskar did so to attain his own aims, showing resistance to Göth’s establishment by comforting one of Göth’s Jewish servants, Helen, sneaking her small supplies of food and attempting to covertly boost her morale when possible (Crowe, 443). The cordial relations between Schindler and Göth aided the both of them, for as Crowe concludes, Göth resided in a faction of the Reich in which, “economics took precedent over racial policy when it came to the fate of the Jews.” (Crowe, 225). Göth’s economic concerns allowed Schindler to bribe Göth in order to achieve his own aims, such as the construction of a sub-camp for his Schindlerjuden within Plaszow. Such bribery was confirmed in Emilie Schindler’s memoir, in which she recalled Oskar offering Göth a range of lavish items from money to diamonds (Crowe, 331). Again Oskar’s initial greed assisted in his new cause, helping him to provide establish a stream of revenue that made such bribes possible.
When the Plaszow announced its closing in 1943, Schindler used both bribes, and reliance on contacts he had made while in Abwehr, such as General Maximillian Schindler, to establish another sub-camp for his workers within the Brunnlitz camp, the construction costs for which Schindler had to provide. The transportation of his workers to Brunnlitz in 1944 resulted in the creation of the infamous ‘list’ with the aide of Marcel Goldberg, an assistant within Plaszow’s Jewish labor details department (Crowe, 399). Thus Schindler’s actions demonstrate the moral conversion that Crowe concludes changed Schindler and his motivations from 1942 onward. However Crowe does not shed light on the fact Schindler’s transformation would not have been possible without the initial greedy aims of his early adulthood. Oskar Schindler’s greed took precedence over morals led to him acquiring the factory, which in turn with Bankier’s guidance led to the establishment of revenue streams, mainly the black market, that later funded his heroic aims. Although it is possible Schindler could have earned money through a more moral business venture, a different situation would not have resulted in the presence of Bankier, whom without Schindler would have been unsuccessful, as he was in the years following the war.
David Crowe portrays Schindler’s actions amidst the war in a noble, heroic light, as overall his actions resulted in saving the lives of over a thousand Jews, through prevention of their entry into Auschwitz. However he also cites an instance in which such gratitude did not occur, with the accusations of Julius Wiener and Natan Wurzel in 1955 in what became known as the Wurtzel-Wiener Controversy. Both men stated that Schindler “brutally took over” the Wiener family business in 1939, and that he preyed on bankrupt Jewish families in order to acquire industrial property, as well as forcing Wiener’s father to kiss a portrait of Hitler (Crowe, 518). Julius Wiener later on was a member of Schindler’s ‘list,’ after which Schindler accused him of theft and had him beaten by a handful of Gestapo men (Crowe, 519). Crowe cites that Schindler never addressed the charges outright but found in a personal letter Schindler stating that he was persuaded to buy the factory in Kraków after meeting with the Wiener family, implying that they in some form “approved of his takeover,” (Crowe, 519). The author concludes that although Schindler’s logic within the letter doesn’t “fit with the racial and political realities of the time,” the massive outcry by other Schindler Jews about the wonderful things in which he did for them helps support the valorous light in which he displays Schindler’s wartime actions (Crowe, 519). Schindler did capitalize on the Wiener family’s suffering as they were forced to sell their business. This action demonstrates his greedy nature, however he did pay them for the factory rather than seize it outright, which was done during this time. This is of high contrast to his later actions where he sought to reduce the suffering of Jews rather than exploit it.
Crowe does not examine the course of Schindler’s life in the post-war era in as much detail as the other portions of his life. Schindler delved into several business ventures that failed following the war. He was not able to capitalize on the post-war economic growth. One of which was in Germany, another in Argentina shortly after he relocated there with Emilie in 1948 (Crowe, 621). His failed business ventures after the war, concludes Crowe, further solidify the importance of Bankier within the structure of the Kraków factory, as it demonstrates that Schindler lacked any of his own intuition within the business realm (Crowe, 601).
Oskar Schindler did not ever achieve economic success after the war, yet the outpouring of gratitude from Jewish communities for his courageous protection of Schindlerjuden does mark a success of a different nature. Crowe demonstrates such gratitude with opening his biography of Schindler with an account by Ted Feder, and American GI, who witnessed a Holocaust survivor in Munich fall to his knees and kiss Schindler’s hands while chanting, “He saved us!” (Crowe, 1). His reaction to Schindler’s presence, as well as the numerous awards and accreditations he received, justify the heroic nature to which Crowe portrays Schindler’s actions. Few acts of such magnitude in regards to protecting Jews were carried out during the war, and the achievements of Schindler, a man of numerous flaws, that resulted in saving the lives of 1,098 Jews are actions that deserve esteemed commemoration. The book’s emphasis on the evolution of Schindler as a person as the war progressed is crucial, for he was not a superhero, but rather an ordinary man who accomplished something extraordinary. However David Crowe’s account of Schindler’s life places the man on a balance of scales of sorts, as Crowe presents the flaws of Schindler to be balanced with the acts of courage and valor he demonstrated with his Schindlerjuden. However a human life should not be judged by a scale, but rather it should be seen that Schindler’s flaws aided in his success in saving so many lives over the course of the war, as he, in his own words, sought to combat “the unbearable sufferings of the Jewish people,” (Crowe, 206).
Bibliography and Links (back to top)(links last checked 3/14/09)
A.J. Sherman, The Times Literary Supplement, August 2005, 1-3,
Gideon Greif, 2006, Yad Vashem The Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’
Remembrance Authority, www1.yadvashem.org/education/book_reviews/english/Schindler
Deborah Lipstadt, The Washington Post Co. , 2005, (amazon
Wikipedia, “Oskar Schindler” (accessed March 3, 2009). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Schindler
Louis Bülow, “Oskar Schindler: His List of Life” (archive.org:
Jun. 2000, last revised Oct. 2007).<http://www.oskarschindler.com/>
Notable Biographies, “Oskar Schindler Biography” (archive.org: May
2006, last revised Nov. 2007). <http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ro-Sc/Schindler-Oskar.html>
Books and Articles
Thomas Keneally, Schindler’s List (New York: Simon & Schuster,
1994) , 400 pages. http://books.google.com/books?id=2xJHAAAACAAJ
Jeremy Roberts, Oskar Schindler: Righteous Gentile (New York:
The Rosen Publishing Group, 2000) , 112 pages. <http://books.google.com/books?id=mGG5JQb_ywQC>
Any student tempted to use this paper for an assignment in another course or school should be aware of the serious consequences for plagiarism. Here is what I write in my syllabi: |
ज्वेलर्स पर ये छापे मारे गए। छापे के दौरान हॉलमार्क का दुरुपयोग सामने आया। ज्वेलर्स से बीआईएस अधिकारियों ने 1.7 किलोग्राम सोने के जेवर जब्त किए। जेवर उत्पादन करने के लिए बीआईएस के मानक चिन्ह हॉलमार्क के लिए लाइसेंस लेना आवश्यक है। बगैर लाइसेंस के जेवर या वस्तुओं पर हॉलमार्क का चिन्ह नहीं लगाया जा सकता। यदि कोई भी बीआईएस के आदेशों का उल्लंघन करते पकड़ा जाता है तो उसे दो वर्ष के कारावास और दो लाख रुपए तक का जुर्माना हो सकता है। झारखंड में लोकसभा की तीन सीटों के लिए रविवार को हो रहे मतदान में सुबह 11 बजे तक 28.72 प्रतिशत मतदान हुआ है। एक अधिकारी ने यह जानकारी दी। एंटीलिया केस: सचिन वाजे को नहीं मिली राहत, कोर्ट ने ठुकराई हाउस अरेस्ट की मांग वाराणसी सीट पर कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी का भी कब्जा रहा है. साल 1967 के चुनाव में यहां से सीपीएम के सत्य नारायण सिंह जीते थे. वहीं 1977 के चुनाव में इंडियन नेशनल लोकदल के टिकट पर चंद्रशेखर जीते थे. वहीं 1989 में चली जनता दल की लहर में पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री लाल बहादुर शास्त्री के बेटे अनिल शास्त्री यहां से सांसद चुने गए थे. : नौकरी करने वाले लोगों को अगर तत्काल इमरजेंसी में</s> |
और रेलवे ट्रैक भी थे । गर्भस्थ शिशु का मस्तिष्क अपनी माता के मस्तिष्क से जुड़ा होता है इसलिए उसके साथ स्वथ्य विचारों के साथ संवाद स्थापित करें। गर्भकाल में हमेशा अच्छे विचार ही अपने मन में ध्यान करें। अगर सिख विरोधी दंगों में कांग्रेस की भूमिका नहीं थी तो 11 अगस्त 2005 को संसद में तब के प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह ने क्यों कहा था कि इंदिरा गांधी की हत्या एक राष्ट्रीय त्रासदी थी. उसके बाद जो हुआ हमारा सिर शर्म से झुक गया. प्रदेश के ग्रामीण सड़क विकास अभिकरण ने ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में आबादी और वाहनों के दबाव को देखते हुए सड़कों के चौड़ीकरण की योजना को केंद्रीय ग्रामीण विकास मंत्रालय को भेजा था। जिसे स्वीकृति दी गई है। बरी होने पर समर्थकों में खुशी पुलिस ने बताया कि दयाराम की उन पीड़िता से फोन पर किसी बात को लेकर अनबन हो गई। इसी का बदला लेने के लिए उसने इस पूरी वारदात को अंजाम दिया। इस दौरान दोनों बहनों की बड़ी बहन भी अपने बॉयफ्रेंड के साथ शामिल हो गई, क्योंकि उसका भी अपनी बहनों से किसी बात को लेकर विवाद चल रहा था। पुलिस ने इस मामले में इन तीनों के अलावा 3 अन्य युवकों को भी</s> |
Black Abolitionist Archive
Title: William J. Watkins
Speaker or author: Watkins, William J.
Newspaper or publication: Liberator
Overview delivered before a Canadian audience in celebration of the August 1st anniversary of the emancipation of the British West Indies. The speaker was encouraged by the success of this act of reason by the British and stressed that this offered proof that a peaceful end to slavery was possible in the U. S. as well. The speaker believed that the Civil War would provide the death blow to the system of slavery once and for all.
Description of file(s): PDF 4 page, 943 word document (text and images)
Date published: 1861-08-01 |
से वायरल किया जा रहा है। अब्दुल एच खान नामक एक फेसबुक यूजर इस फोटो को शेयर करते हुए लिखते हैं कि यह दुनिया के सबसे बड़े लोकतंत्र भारत की फोटो है। नई दिल्ली। जुवेंटस के मिडफील्डर सामी खेदिरा ने टीम के साथी क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो की प्रशंसा करते हुए कहा कि रोनाल्डो दुनिया के अब तक के सर्वश्रेष्ठ फुटबॉल खिलाड़ियों में से एक हैं। लखनऊ उच्चतम न्यायालय के आदेश के बाद उत्तर प्रदेश के परिवहन मंत्री एवं अमेठी से सपा प्रत्याशी गायत्री प्रजापति समेत सात लोगों के खिलाफ शनिवार को गौतमपल्ली थाने में सामूहिक बलात्कार का मामला दर्ज किया गया। हजरतगंज क्षेत्र के पुलिस उपाधीक्षक अवनीश कुमार मिश्रा ने बताया कि गौतमपल्ली थाने में गायत्री प्रजापति के अलावा अशोक तिवारी, पिंटू सिंह, विकास वर्मा, चंद्र पाल, रूपेश और आशीष शुक्ला के खिलाफ मुकदमा दर्ज किया गया है। मामले की जांच गौतमपल्ली के थाना प्रभारी निरीक्षक आशुतोष करेंगे। गौरतलब है कि उच्चतम न्यायालय ने बलात्कार एवं यौन उत्पीड़न के एक मामले में उत्तर प्रदेश के परिवहन मंत्री और समाजवादी पार्टी(सपा) के राज्य विधानसभा की अमेठी सीट से उम्मीदवार गायत्री प्रजापति के खिलाफ प्राथमिकी दर्ज करने का शुक्रवार को आदेश दिया था। टॉस हारने के बाद पहले बैटिंग करने उतरी कीवी टीम</s> |
In my previous post, I showed how, in New York, high-speed rail can’t realistically be expected to reduce demand for travel much, and so to decongest its airspace something else is needed. The solutions are to reduce the number of slots, which means either moving them elsewhere (i.e. building relief airports) or increasing plane size. Although increasing plane size is desirable from an operational and environmental point of view, it has problems that make it harder than in Japan, where short-distance domestic flights use widebodies as large as the 747. In contrast, because short-distance air shuttles in the Northeast use very small planes, high-speed rail is a surprisingly promising way to reduce air congestion, despite my original implication.
The key to the plane size problem is this chart of the world’s top air city pairs, with Seoul-Jeju topping at nearly 10 million passengers per year. The chart mainly shows Asian city pairs; Europe and the US are not on the chart. The reason is that the chart considers individual airports, rather than city airspaces; data from within the US shows that there are city pairs that would make the list, all multi-airport. New York-South Florida is close to 20,000 passengers per day, or 7.1 million per year, but there are three airports at each end, and they are fairly evenly matched: the busiest of the nine airport pairs, LaGuardia-Fort Lauderdale, has just 3,500 passengers per day, too few to make the international list.
What this means is that if airlines offer any frequency, it’s harder to provide service with larger planes. Harder does not mean impossible, but this is nothing like the huge travel volumes between Haneda and Japan’s other major domestic airports. Larger planes soak up passengers very quickly: despite being the world’s busiest airport pair measured by seats flown, Tokyo-Sapporo has 23 flights per day, with 767s and 777s, compared with 60 for New York-Boston, mostly regional jets.
The other issue is competition between airlines. Tokyo-Sapporo is a duopoly between ANA and Japan Airlines. The busiest routes in the US have more companies, and if they don’t, then they’re dominated by a low-cost carrier, which will stick to narrowbodies to maintain fleet uniformity. The American competition, including the presence of low-cost carriers, lowers the fare: a random check of a roundtrip between Tokyo and Sapporo in early December gives me a fare of about $900 roundtrip, versus $80 one-way for New York-Chicago for the same check, or $171 on average.
However, the competition also means that if each airline wants to offer high frequency on its own, it must fly smaller planes. Even a plane every two hours works out to about 8 departures per day per direction; if the plane is a 787, it’s nearly 4,000 passengers per day in both directions. The busiest single-airline, single-airport pair in the US is American flying LaGuardia-O’Hare, at 2,400 passengers per day; this excludes connecting traffic, but connecting traffic will not by its own make the difference between LaGuardia-O’Hare and Tokyo-Sapporo.
To ordinary travelers the choice of airline doesn’t matter too much: there’s no difference between having two airlines each with flights that leave on the hour, and having each airline’s flights depart every other hours so that they overlie and create hourly frequency. At 6,300 passenger per day on all airlines, JFK-LAX has enough traffic as it is to run fifteen 787s per day in each direction. But other airport pairs not dominated by low-cost carriers, including those to South Florida, could only support three to five 787s.
More speculatively, good transit access to airports – including commuter rail through-running to allow easy travel from New Jersey and Westchester to JFK and from Long Island to Newark – could reduce the difference between Newark and JFK for the average traveler. This means that Newark and JFK could be lumped together. Business travelers may still want their hourly flights out of LaGuardia, but the rest could do with a flight out of each of JFK and Newark every two hours, alternating.
The problem is that it requires a massive rise in the transit mode share of airport access, because it is impossible to drive between JFK and New Jersey in a reasonable amount of time. That said, a political environment that taxed jet fuel to incentivize larger planes would also tax gas and induce a mode shift toward transit. In either case, LaGuardia would be outside this system, since connecting it to mass transit is expensive, and has little benefit other than airport travel; in contrast, commuter rail through-running is not only cheaper but also useful to people traveling to the Jamaica and Newark CBDs, who outnumber air travelers.
So on the busiest routes larger planes are feasible, but nontrivial. The final question should be how useful this exercise is. Each of New York’s three main airports has about a thousand aircraft movements per day – five hundred per direction. There are about 110 daily departures to Chicago, Miami, and Los Angeles, combined. Consolidation into larger planes can realistically cut about a third, or 3% of aircraft movements – a bit more at JFK, a bit less at the rest on account of low-cost flights. Fort Lauderdale and Palm Beach add another 50 between them, but they’re dominated by JetBlue. A few additional thick markets like San Francisco and Orlando add a bit more, but it can’t amount to more than 5% of the total.
In contrast, there are more than 40 daily flights to Washington, more than 60 to Boston (including Providence and Manchester), and nearly 30 to Philadelphia. Adding in the other cities within 3-hour HSR radius gives us about 300 departures per day, 19% of the aircraft movements. Most of those would see O&D air travel disappear, and even at the outer margin of the radius they’d see air travel greatly diminish. Connecting flights would also decrease, because of the relative ease of air/rail connections. Philadelphia would have no reason for an air connection to New York if people could take a train to the airport that were faster than flying; the same is true of Boston and Washington, though Boston is far enough and has no easy air/rail connection, so it might retain a handful of daily flights.
Although I could weasel and say that everything is needed – larger planes, relief airports, and substitution of short trips by HSR – the reality is that those are not equally significant. Not even close. My previous post’s analysis of New York’s air market papered over a large difference between the share of passenger traffic and the share of aircraft traffic that can be substituted by HSR, coming from the use of regional jets on short-range flights. (By the way, this is especial to New York; in California most short-range flights are run by Southwest and use 737s, and so at LAX, the share of short-range flights among both passengers and aircraft movements is the same, at 21%.)
So as it turns out, a significant portion of New York’s air traffic can be replaced, helping decongest the airspace. The total is close to a quarter, of which nearly 20% comes from HSR replacing the air shuttles, and an additional 3-5% could come from consolidation of domestic thick markets into less frequent flights on widebodies. |
Handling Files in Visual Basic
The majority of Windows applications handle files. From Microsoft Word to Windows Explorer to Greasy Joe's Easy Accounts package.
But how do you do this in Visual Basic? Via the Open statement.
In this article, I'll be covering everything you need to know - from start to finish. Perhaps even from open to close, if I'm feeling funny.
Don't forget that I'd love to hear what you think about this article. Whether it's likes or gripes, post it on the bulletin board.
But for now, let's get started.
Before we delve into writing and reading files, let's ask ourselves a question; why would I want to write to a file?
Well, programmers often want to write data to a disk or retrieve data from it. And that data can be anything - from settings to plain text to pictures. Heck, you could even create your own mini word processor!
But don't confuse this with databases. If you're interested in accessing databases using Visual Basic, you'd better head down to Karl Moore's tutorial.
Now, we access files using the Open statement.
Here's an example:
Open "c:\windows\faq.txt" For Input As #1
Don't worry about the syntax for now, you'll get used to it. This example opens the file faq.txt for input (file reading). The file is referred to by the number 1.
Before we dive into the intricacies of using the Open statement, let's take a peek at three different modes available to us when accessing files:
- Input, Output and Append
We'll cover each of these separately.
Page 1 of 6 |
घर में रहने की इच्छा जताई है। मिनिस्टर एन्क्लेव में कई ऐसे फ्लैट हैं जो निम्नतम श्रेणी में आते हैं, लेकिन वहां जरूरी एसओपी और प्रधानमंत्री के लिए प्रोटोकॉल लागू नहीं किया जा सकता था, इसलिए वरिष्ठ अधिकारियों ने इमरान को घर की जगह एक फ्लैट का उपयोग करने की सलाह दी है। जासं, सोनभद्र : राष्ट्रीय महिला कांग्रेस के कार्यकर्ताओं ने सोमवार को एक दिवसीय वर्चुअल धरनाप्रदर्शन किया। जिलाध्यक्ष सोनी गुप्ता ने कहा कि जब से मोदी सरकार केंद्र में आई है, देश में भ्रष्टाचार बढ़ा है। नोटबंदी हो या जीएसटी, सबको जल्दबाजी में लागू कर देश को आर्थिक मंदी और भारी बेरोजगारी के गर्त में धकेल दिया गया। इस मौके पर पूजा देवी, शांति देवी, कमली देवी, फुलवासी देवी, यशोदा देवी, कविता देवी, गीता देवी, शांति देवी, नम्रता देवी, जहररुननिशा, सावित्री देवी आदि थीं। एमपी मे बैतूल जिले में नाबालिग द्वारा कुत्ते को मारने से शुरू हुए विवाद में दबंगों ने आदिवासी महिला की पिटाई कर दी। महिला का आरोप है कि घर में घुसकर उसके कपड़े फाड़ दिए और बीच सड़क पर लाकर पिटाई की। इधर, पुलिस ने कहा है कि घटना के दिन ही दोनो पक्षों के बीच समझौता हो गया था, लेकिन पीड़िता के नए</s> |
एक कप्तान के ताैर पर टीम का चयन हमेशा वफादारी से किया है। यह ध्यान दिया जाना चाहिए कि सीएसके वर्तमान में 16 अंकों के साथ अंक तालिका में शीर्ष पर बैठा है और उनका अगला संघर्ष 30 सितंबर को शारजाह क्रिकेट स्टेडियम में एसआरएच के खिलाफ होगा। पुलिस ने सपना चौधरी के घर जाकर नोटिस देकर जांच में शामिल होने को कहा। सपना चौधरी ने पुलिस को बयान दिया कि कार अजय लेकर गया था। उसे नहीं पता कि उस रात क्या हुआ.. पुलिस की जांच में वो पूरा सहयोग करेगी और खुद ही उन्हें पुलिस के सामने लेकर आएगी। सदर थाना एसएचओ इंस्पेक्टर बसंत ने बताया कि सोमवार को आकर बयान देने थे लेकिन अजय और दूसरा युवक नहीं आए। एकदो दिन इंतजार किया जाएगा... नहीं आए तो दूसरा नोटिस दिया जाएगा। सरकारी कोविड अस्पतालों में भारी अव्यवस्था कराची। पाकिस्तान के बल्लेबाज शोएब मकसूद हाथ की चोट के कारण इस महीने बांग्लादेश के खिलाफ होने वाली सीमित ओवरों की सीरीज में नहीं खेल पाएंगे। मकसूद के बाएं हाथ में फ्रेक्चर हैं। जागरण संवाददाता सोनभद्र जिले के सभी थानो में शनिवार को थाना समाधान दिवस का आयोजन किया गया। जिलाधिकारी टीके शिबु व पुलिस अधीक्षक अमरेंद्र प्रसाद सिंह ने</s> |
In China in 2007, more than 100,000 workers died in workplace accidents, including on the roads and railways. China's coal mines are the world's deadliest, with fatal accidents taking place almost on a daily basis as mine owners push productions beyond safety limits to pursue profits.
THE STRATIFICATION OF THE DIRTIEST & MOST LETHAL JOBS
Every civilization has a demand for dirty work and must find someone to do it. Historically, richer societies tend to import their underclasses, while the poorer make them out of their own elements.
Dalit worker cleaning the sewers in New Delhi Credit: Pranjal Goswami
The Powder Monkeys, Cape Horn, 1865 by Mian Situ. Chinese laborers were hired for $28 per month to do the very dangerous work of blasting tunnels and laying tracks. The Chinese, using techniques they learned at home, were lowered in baskets by rope from the top of cliffs. They hand drilled holes into the granite and packed them with black powder (and later nitroglycerine) to blast tunnels.
More than 104,000 Americans died digging out coal between 1900 and 2005; twice as many may have died from black lung. The fatality rate in coal mining is almost 60 percent higher than it is in oil and gas extraction. --Corey S. Powell. Black Cloud (review of Jeff Goodells Big Coal). New York Times (June 25, 2006)
Three years ago, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the cancer arm of the World Health Organization, added overnight shift work as a probable carcinogen. --Maria Cheng. Graveyard shift work linked to cancer. AP (Nov. 29, 2007) A New Twist on Graveyard Shifts
INDUSTRIALIZATION PRODUCED LETHAL CLASHES BETWEEN LABOR & MANAGEMENT
"The day will come when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you are throttling today." --A.Spies The Haymarket Martyrs' Monument
"The raising of wages leads to overwork among the workers. The more they want to earn, the more they must sacrifice their time and perform slave labour in which their freedom is totally alienated...In so doing they shorten their lives … Thus, even in the state of society which is the most favorable to the worker, the inevitable result for the worker is overwork and premature death, reduction to a machine, enslavement to capital."
The first national social security program was implemented in 1884 by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, who established that "magic age" of 65 at a time when life expectancy at birth was about 37 years. Bismarck's motivations were not so much humanitarian as they were politically motivated: the masses had to be weaned away from socialism, just as was the case sixty years later when FDR penned the United States program into law.
So what age nowadays is equivalent to age 65 in the 1880s?
1880-902005-7 Expected remaining years of life at 30 36.13 54.44 … at 50 22.06 35.17 (Australian figures) … at 65 12.27 21.62 In 1900, 50% of a birth cohort would be dead at age 58; in 2006, at age 79
GETTING MORE MACRO: DEATH, GLOBALIZATION, & MODERNITY
Taken in Karamoja district, Uganda in April 1980, the contrasting hands of a starving boy and a missionary. The 1980 famine killed 21% of the population (and 60% of the infants) and was one of the worst in history.
What is globalization? Increasingly unimpeded international flows of information and capital Rising power of multinational corporations Increasing economic growthand inequalities
Globalism is the ideology of "free trade." It aims to open up national economies so that multinational companies, using modern transportation and communications, can freely shift their capital, technology and products around the world so as to maximise their profits by: Exploiting the cheapest labor costs, shifting operations to Asia where wage rates are between 39¢ and $1.00/hr; Minimising their taxes (60 percent of multinationals in Australia pay no company tax and 40 percent pay hardly any); Merging with and taking over competitors to reduce competition and increase market share; Gaining larger markets in Asia, Latin America, Russia; Avoiding legal restraints, especially environmental and labor laws; and Shifting speculative capital around the world financial markets to exploit currency, interest rate, bond rate and stockmarket changes. --Globalismthe theory and the reality, News Weekly (Jan. 13, 2001)Globalismthe theory and the reality
Nowadays, developing countries become the site of toxic trash disposal or salvaging, such as of computers. Broken mercury thermometers and other toxic waste from the thermometer-manufacturing plant in Kodaikanal, India. Photos by Shailendra Yashwant
A man works on retrieving small parts from disused computers in a room in New Delhi. India is fast becoming a dumping ground for electronic waste, especially computers from the US, Singapore and South Korea, environmental group Toxics Link warned.(AFP/HO)
Poor nations are littered with old PCs. Here waste from electronic devices litter a Nigerian neighborhood. Computer monitors can contain large amounts of toxic materials.
EXPORTING DANGEROUS JOBS AND POLLUTING WORKPLACES ABROAD Union Carbide and Bhopal, India, where 42 tons of the deadly methyl isocyanate gas drifted over the sleeping town, killing more than 5,000 over three days and injuring up to 200,000. At least 20,000 have died as result of exposure. Union Carbide and Bhopal, India There have been no criminal verdicts issued Union Carbide settled with the Indian government for $470 million in 1989 90% of death settlements have been for $550 Union Carbide abandoned the plant, never cleaning up the polluted soil and water
Other Bhopal statistics as of 2010, the factory has been leaking toxic chemicals for 25 years an estimated 20,000 people have died there as a result since criminal charges were filed against him in 1991, Union Carbide's former CEO has been in hiding -- Source: Greenpeace International (Washington)/Harper's Jan. 2003]
What is modernity? Society and social life is organized around secular rather than religious beliefs and practices: science and reason vs. supernatural forces and fate Life worlds shaped by urbanization and cosmopolitanism Political realm based on democratic principles with bureaucracies oriented around welfare and warfare functions Economic realm characterized industrialization, services, and capitalism
Lets examine the declining Russian life expectancies due to the economic shock of mass privatization following the collapse of the U.S.S.R.
Tomoko Uemura in her Bath – by W. Eugene Smith. Victim of fetal mercury poisoning.
An open oil pit near La Joya de los Sachas, Ecuador. A lethal legacy of Chevron.
LOVE CANALLOVE CANAL, NY This incomplete trench, built in the 1890s, became a chemical dumping ground from the 1930s through the 1950s. Developers built residential areas in proximity to the dump site.
In 25 days an adult in Los Angeles breathes in more air pollution than EPA guidelines recommend for a lifetime. --Harpers Index, Dec. 2002
Between 1988 and 2008, medical- supply companies dumped 421,500 tons of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the environment. --Harpers Index, June 2009
According to a Congressional study, 1.4 billion tons of waste is generated by animals on megafarms in more than 40 states130 times the amount of waste annually produced by the entire American population. --Parade.com IntelligenceReport, Nov. 11, 2007
In the 2007 Faroes Statement, two hundred scientists warned how early exposure to common chemicals leaves babies more likely to develop serious diseases later in life, including diabetes, attention deficits, certain cancers, thyroid disorders, and obesity. From the moment of conception onward occurs fetal programming, or epigenetics, affecting which genes get turned on or off and what proteins are manufactured, in what sequence and quantity.
PRODUCTS THAT KILL Some industries continue to produce products knowing full well that either the product or the production process could be fatal.
People killed by Iraqi chemical weapons in the six-year period preceding the 2003 U.S. War on Iraq: 0; People killed by pesticides, as estimated by the World Health Organization, during the same six-year period: over 1,000,000.
According to a World Health Organization report of Feb. 2008, tobacco use killed 100 million people worldwide in the 20th century and could kill one billion people in the 21st unless governments act now to dramatically reduce it.
The Kent cigarettes on the market between 1952 and 1956 had an unusually effective filter made from pure asbestos. --Devra Davis, The Secret History of the War on Cancer
In July 2006, the New York Times observed how the skull has lost virtually all of its fearsome meaning. --David Colman. The Heyday of the Dead. New York Times (July 27, 2006)
Black Friday was particularly black in 2008. On the shopping day following Thanksgiving, a crowd of 2,000 people who had been lining up overnight broke down the doors of a Wal-Mart in suburban Long Island, NY. As they stampeded through, a 34-year-old man was knocked down and trampled to death.
In India people are trampled to death for religious commitment, in America, it's to buy a DVD player for $50.
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A secured loan is a loan in which the borrower pledges some asset (e.g. a car or property) as collateral for the loan, which then becomes a secured debt owed to the creditor who gives the loan. The debt is thus secured against the collateral — in the event that the borrower defaults, the creditor takes possession of the asset used as collateral and may sell it to regain some or all of the amount originally loaned to the borrower, for example, foreclosure of a home. From the creditor's perspective this is a category of debt in which a lender has been granted a portion of the bundle of rights to specified property. If the sale of the collateral does not raise enough money to pay off the debt, the creditor can often obtain a deficiency judgment against the borrower for the remaining amount. The opposite of secured debt/loan is unsecured debt, which is not connected to any specific piece of property and instead the creditor may only satisfy the debt against the borrower rather than the borrower's collateral and the borrower. Generally speaking, secured debt may attract lower interest rates than unsecured debt due to the added security for the lender; however, credit history, ability to repay, and expected returns for the lender are also factors affecting rates.
There are two purposes for a loan secured by debt. In the first purpose, by extending the loan through securing the debt, the creditor is relieved of most of the financial risks involved because it allows the creditor to take the property in the event that the debt is not properly repaid. In exchange, this permits the second purpose where the debtors may receive loans on more favorable terms than that available for unsecured debt, or to be extended credit under circumstances when credit under terms of unsecured debt would not be extended at all. The creditor may offer a loan with attractive interest rates and repayment periods for the secured debt.
- A mortgage loan is a secured loan in which the collateral is property, such as a home.
- A nonrecourse loan is a secured loan where the collateral is the only security or claim the creditor has against the borrower, and the creditor has no further recourse against the borrower for any deficiency remaining after foreclosure against the property.
- A foreclosure is a legal process in which mortgaged property is sold to pay the debt of the defaulting borrower.
- A repossession is a process in which property, such as a car, is taken back by the creditor when the borrower does not make payments due on the property. Depending on the jurisdiction, it may or may not require a court order.
UK Secured Loan market
Before the global economic crisis of 2007, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) estimated that the UK secured loan market had a net worth of £7,000,000,000. However, following the close of Lehman Brothers' sub-prime lender, BNC Mortgage in August 2007, the UK's most prominent secured loan providers were forced to withdraw from the market.
UK Secured Loan Market Timeline (Following the Global Credit Crisis)
August 2007: Lehman Brothers closes its sub-prime lender, BNC Mortgage. September 2007: Southern Pacific Personal Loans and London Mortgage Company close down. Kensington Mortgages withdraw from the secured loan market a day later. October 2007: White Label Loans launches to fill the gap left by Southern Pacific Personal Loans, Kensington Personal Loans and Money Partners. Product launch is piloted by Beech Finance Ltd and Specialist Financial Services Ltd April 2008: London Scottish Bank closes down entire lending division. May 2008: Future Mortgages announce they will close for business. June 2008: Picture Financial cease to trade in the sector. July 2008: Barclays cease to sell secured loans through FirstPlus. September 2008: Lehman Brothers declare bankruptcy. November 2008: Bank of America subsidiary, Loans.co.uk ceases to trade. December 2008: West Bromwich Building Society subsidiary, White Label Loans closes its doors to new business just fourteen months after launching and completing £60,000,000 of secured loans. August 2009: The Finance & Leasing Association (FLA) report that secured loan lending has fallen 84% since 2008. October 2010: MP George Justice drafts Secured Lending Reform Bill. December 2010: The Finance & Leasing Association (FLA) reveal secured loan lending sank to £16m.
October 2011: Whiteaway Laidlaw Bank combine with Commercial First and Link Loans to create new lender, Shawbrook Bank. February 2012: Specialist lender, Equifinance enters the market. May 2012: Secured Lending Reform Bill fails to pass through Parliament. July 2012: UK's first Secured Loan Index is launched by secured loan broker, Loans Warehouse, and reveals secured lending in the UK reached £150m in the first half of 2012. September 2012: Secured loan lending is now worth £350,000,000. December 2012: Secured Loan lender Nemo Personal Finance launch the secured loan market's lowest ever interest rates of 5.592% per annum for employed applicants and 6.54% per annum for self-employed applicants. February 2013: Shawbrook Bank launch a secured loan product that allows loans to 95% of property value.
United States law of debt secured by property
In the case of real estate, the most common form of secured debt is the lien. Liens may either be voluntarily created, as with a mortgage, or involuntarily created, such as a mechanics lien. A mortgage may only be created with the express consent of the title owner, without regard to other facts of the situation. In contrast, the primary condition required to create a mechanics lien is that real estate is somehow improved through the work or materials provided by the person filing a mechanics lien. Although the rules are complex, consent of the title owner to the mechanics lien itself is not required.
In the case of personal property, the most common procedure for securing the debt is described through the Uniform Commercial Code or UCC. This statute provides a system of forms and public filing of documents by which the creditor's interest in the property is made known.
In the event that the underlying debt is not properly paid, the creditor may decide to foreclose the interest in order to take the property. Generally, the law that allows the secured debt to be made also provides a procedure whereby the property will be sold at public auction, or through some other means of sale. The law commonly also provides a right of redemption, whereby a debtor may arrange for late payment of the debt but keep the property.
How to create secured debt
Debt can become secured by a contractual agreement, statutory lien, or judgment lien. Contractual agreements can be secured by either a Purchase Money Security Interest (PMSI) loan, where the creditor takes a security interest in the items purchased (i.e. vehicle, furniture, electronics); or, a Non-Purchase Money Security Interest (NPMSI) loan, where the creditor takes a security interest in items that the debtor already owns.
- Capital structure
- Debt arbitration
- Loan guarantee
- Second lien loan
- Seniority (financial)
- Senior debt
- Subordinated debt
- Title loan
- Unsecured debt |
Digital Safety by jeffrey k
keep your info offline
you need to keep your computer safe .Only tell your family teachers or people you can trust your passwords.
we use it when we need it to get something we cant find
i think we need digital commence for if like you need to get some thing and your doctor says you cant drive. you might also need to get medicine
we need to keep in touch
i think we need digital communication to keep in touch and to talk to friends or family. or you might need to call for help.
we need to read
i think we need digital literacy to get books we cant find or to just get it for less. we also need it for school.
etiquette is inportant
i think that we definitely need digital etiquette so we don't hurt anyone's feeling even if its a joke.so know one gets hurt.
we need to enforce the law even on the internet
digital law is basically digital etiquette. but also enforcing it
be the responsible one
we need to have responsibility and be nice.like if you need to send some thing to your teacher like hw so you make a alarm .
digital health & wellness
we need to give the sick medicine
we need digital health to some times get pills or medicine . or a refill on your inhaler
make your life safe
you need to make sure that you are safe on your computer and know one knows your info so they don't come to your house. |
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The Astrolabe is the most sophisticated and beautiful astronomical instrument. Used to measure time, azimuths and declinations of stars…
In Europe the Astrolabe became an essential instrument for astronomers, astrologers and surveyors until the end of the 17th century when it was replaced by more accurate instruments. In the Arab world its use lasted until the 19th century.
The name Astrolabe comes from the Greek word Astro, which means star, and from Labio, “the one who searches”. We could translate it as “the star finder”. However, this complex instrument has many other applications.
After years of study and research, Dr. Luis Hidalgo Velayos has developed this astrolabe based on the classics. Its precision and aesthetics make this instrument, calculated for 50º of latitude, an absolutely unique piece.
Height (with base): 12cm / Diameter: 10cm / Thickness: 7mm |
ने फिल्म के म्यूजिक के बारे में बात करते हुए कहा, मुझे लगता है कि फिल्म का म्यूजिक काफी अच्छा और प्यारा है। इसलिए मुझे उम्मीद है कि ऑडियंस फिल्म और म्यूजिक दोनों को अप्रिसिएट करेंगे। मसंस के केन्द्रीय महासचिव बच्चा सिंह एवं दिल्ली से आए भोर पत्रिका के संपादक एवं कार्यक्रम के मुख्य वक्ता अंजनी कुमार ने प्रशासन के इस रवैए की आलोचना की। अवसर पर अपनी आंख गंवा चुके बिन्दु जी ने क्रांतिकारी गीत गाया। इन देशों में कीड़े खाते हैं लोग मैंने जो जानकारी दी है वही सही है हिंदी न्यूज़ उत्तराखंड देहरादून सड़कों पर गड्ढे भरने में बजट का अभाव पीएम मोदी ने समाजवादी पार्टी पर निशाना साधते हुए कहा कि बहन जी को यूपी से बाहर करने का समाजवादियों ने खेल खेला है। यह बात उन्हें आज नहीं 23 मई के बाद समझ आएगी। मोदी ने कहा कि जिन समाजवादियों ने बाबा साहेब को भू माफिया बताया, अपमानित किया, उन्हीं के लिए बहन जी वोट मांग रही हैं। जौनपुर में बहन जी ने पांच साल पहले कहा था कि बाप से अधिक जहर बेटे में है। मोदी ने सवाल किया कि बहन जी आप यह बताइये कि उस जहर को गरीब दलित, पीड़ित, शोषित में</s> |
Two newly discovered narratives of slaves who escaped to freedom during the Civil War.
Blight (American History/Yale; Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory, 2001, etc.) tells the stories of John Washington and Wallace Turnage, whose manuscripts came to him after being preserved by members of their families. The two had little in common beyond their experiences as slaves and their eventual flights to Union lines where they were granted their liberty. Washington, light-skinned enough to pass for white when a boy, was born in northern Virginia in 1838. He took advantage of the arrival of federal troops in the vicinity of Fredericksburg, where he worked largely as a house servant, to escape. Turnage, born in Snow Hill, N.C., was sold to a cotton plantation in Alabama, where he worked under much harsher conditions than Washington. He made four unsuccessful attempts to escape before reaching Union lines near Mobile, then under siege by the U.S. Navy. Blight summarizes their stories, adding commentary on the time period and the institution of slavery as both men experienced it, making comparisons to other well-known slave narratives, such as that of Frederick Douglass. He then devotes a chapter to each of their post-slavery lives. The men spent their postwar lives in the North—Washington in the nation’s capital, where he worked as a sign painter, Turnage in New Jersey and New York City, where he worked as a waiter and janitor—and both lived into the World War I era. Toward the end of the book, Blight reproduces the two men’s narratives of their experiences as slaves—by far the most interesting section. Washington is the more polished writer, with a more conventional structure to his narrative. Turnage, however, went through a far more harrowing experience, both in his treatment by overseers and in his several breaks for freedom. Both are well worth reading.
A powerful, welcome addition to the Civil War library. |
PostGIS is an open source extension for PostgreSQL that adds support for geographic objects. In effect, PostGIS "spatially enables" the PostgreSQL server, allowing it to be used for geographic information systems (GIS), much like ESRI's SDE or Oracle's Spatial extension. PostGIS follows the OpenGIS "Simple Features Specification for SQL" and has been certified as compliant with the "Types and Functions" profile.
PostGIS has been developed by Refractions Research as a project in open source spatial database technology and is released under the GNU General Public License.
- Geometry types for points, linestrings, polygons, multipoints, multilinestrings, multipolygons and geometrycollections.
- Spatial predicates for determining the interactions of geometries using the 3x3 Egenhofer matrix (provided by the GEOS software library).
- Spatial operators for determining geospatial measurements like area, distance, length and perimeter.
- Spatial operators for determining geospatial set operations, like union, difference, symmetric difference and buffers (provided by GEOS).
- R-tree-over-GiST (Generalised Search Tree) spatial indexes for high speed spatial querying.
- Index selectivity support, to provide high performance query plans for mixed spatial/non-spatial queries. |
किया गया। प्राथमिकी में अस्पष्ट तौर पर कहा गया है कि 2013 में अतिक्रमण हुआ। इसमें यह भी स्पष्ट नहीं किया गया है कि भूमि पर अतिक्रमण करने के बाद वे क्या अपराध करना चाहते थे। उन्होंने आगे बताया, नमूने लिए जाने के बाद जिला मुख्यालय आते हैं और फिर उसकी पोर्टल पर दर्ज किया जाता है. इसके बाद संबंधित कर्मचारी लेकर गोरखपुर आते हैं. नमूने मिलने के 24 घंटे में हम परिणाम दे देते हैं लेकिन नमूने लेने से लेकर जांच और परिणाम को पोर्टल पर अपडेट करने की प्रक्रिया में अमूमन तीन दिन तक लग ही जाता है. छात्राओं को दिया शारीरिक दंड यह दर्ज हुआ था मामला मनु भाकर को राष्ट्रीय बाल पुरस्कार नहीं मिलने पर भड़के उनके पिता श्रीलंका में मानसून की भारी बारिश और तेज हवाओं से कम से कम 7 लोगों की मौत हो चुकी है और 1,000 से ज्यादा लोग विस्थापित हुए हैं... प्रसाधन नहीं प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध के योद्धा अमेरिका का सबसे लंबा युद्ध खत्म! होम मिनिस्टरी ने सुप्रीम कोर्ट से कहा कोरोना के खिलाफ लड़ाई में फेक न्यूज सबसे बड़ी बाधा मेले में न केवल हरियाणा प्रदेश बल्कि अन्य प्रदेशों के किसानों ने भी बढ़चढ़कर हिस्सा लिया. किसानों () ने प्रश्नोत्तरी सभाओं</s> |
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Brain-tangling algae lurks in our waters
Algae blooms may be slowly eating away at our memories.
Chronic exposure to a commonplace algae toxin in crabs, shellfish and other seafood increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a new study suggests.
The study, published Tuesday in the biological research journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, found similar "brain tangles" and protein deposits in the brains of monkeys fed fruit dosed with the same amino acid produced by blue-green algae species common to Florida and elsewhere.
The researchers examined an amino acid known as BMAA, produced by most blue-green algae and known to accumulate in shellfish from contaminated marine waters. They looked for proteins in the monkey's brains called amyloid deposits, associated with Alzheimer's and other nuerodegenerative diseases in humans.
“Our findings show that chronic exposure to BMAA can trigger Alzheimer’s-like brain tangles and
amyloid deposits,” Paul Alan Cox, Ph.D., an ethnobotanist at the Institute for EthnoMedicine and lead author of the study, said in a release. “As far as we are aware, this is the first time researchers have been able to successfully replicate brain tangles and amyloid deposits in an animal model through exposure to an environmental toxin.”
Scientists long have suspected an association between BMAA and neurodegenerative illness. But the causes remain mostly unknown, and the role of environmental factors poorly understood.
The researchers conducted two experiments on vervet monkeys that lasted for 140 days.
In the first experiment, monkeys fed fruit dosed with BMAA developed brain tangles and amyloid deposits similar to Pacific Islanders who died from the disease.
They found brain tangles and amyloid deposits — hallmarks of both Alzheimer’s disease and an unusual illness suffered by Chamorro villagers on the Pacific Island of Guam.
Pacific Islanders with this unusual condition also suffer from dementia and symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s disease, ALS and Parkinson’s disease.
Army physicians first described the mysterious ALS-like disease among the indigenous Chamorro villagers in the 1950s. The BMAA toxin is biomagnified in flying foxes, eaten by the villagers.
“This study takes a leap forward in showing causality — that BMAA causes disease,” said Deborah Mash, director of the University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank and co-author of the study. “The tangles and amyloid deposits produced were nearly identical to those found in the brain tissue of the Pacific Islanders who died from the Alzheimer’s-like disease.”
Vervet monkeys fed equal amounts of BMAA and the naturally occurring dietary amino acid L-serine had a reduced density of tangles, suggesting diets with L-serine could lower the risk of neurological diseases.
The body synthesizes serine — one of the non-essential amino acids that makes up protein — from food. Foods high in serine include soy, eggs and nuts.
The research was conducted by scientists at the Institute for EthnoMedicine, a non-profit medical research organization, and the University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank. It was funded in part by the Josephine P. and John J. Louis Foundation, named for the parents of John Jeffery Louis, chairman of the board of directors for the Gannett Co., the parent of USA TODAY.
Humans aren't the only mammals at risk. BMAA toxin may also be harming the neurological health of dolphins, manatees and other wildlife, causing them to wander far astray from usual routes.
"It's not an acute toxin. It's something that accumulates over time," said Larry Brand, a biologist at the University of Miami, who's studied the toxin but was not involved with the Institute of Ethnomedicine's study.
But in his own research Brand's recently found levels of BMAA in lagoon dolphin tissues similar to what is seen in brains of humans with Alzheimer's disease. "They accumulate more and more of the entangled protein in their brain," Brand said of the dolphins.
In a 2010 study, Brand found the highest levels of BMAA in blue crabs, shrimp and pufferfish among the samples he examined in South Florida.
"I myself would not eat any seafood from Indian River Lagoon or Florida Bay, for several reasons," he said.
Brand likens the risk to mercury in fish, and suggests similarly limiting consumption of certain types of seafood high in BMAA.
"We've probably all been exposed to this to some extent, but we're not going to all die of Alzheimer's," Brand said. "Some of us are just more susceptible."
Cox does not advocate patients taking L-serine. "The FDA has not approved its use for the treatment of neurodegenerative illness, and much more research is needed," he said. "However, this new animal model may prove useful in evaluating other potential new Alzheimer's drugs."
The Institute for EthnoMedicine has sponsored FDA-approved human clinical trials to study the effects of L-serine in people with ALS, and is working with Dartmouth Medical School to begin human clinical trial of L-serine for patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or early stage Alzheimer's disease.
Follow Jim Waymer on Twitter: @JWayEnviro |
हो रहा है। कुछ कालेज वाट्सएप पर होमवर्क भेज रहे हैं तो कुछ ने अपना पोर्टल बना रखा है। उस पर होमवर्क भेज रहे हैं। छात्रछात्राएं यह होमवर्क करके अपलोड करते हैं लेकिन इसको चेक करे दुबारा छात्रछात्राओं को न भेजने से उनकी समझ में नहीं आ रहा है। वहीं जो कालेज ऑनलाइन क्लास चला रहे हैं वह भी खानापूर्ति दिख रहा है। कई बार नेटवर्क बाधित होने से छात्रछात्राएं मोबाइल लिए बैठे रहते हैं क्या पढ़ाया गया यह समझ ही नहीं आता है। योगी कमलनाथ ने की मॉ कालरात्रि की पूजा इन सभी कंपनियों द्वारा वेरिएंट पेश करने की सबसे बड़ी वजह देश में पेट्रोलडीजल की आसमान छूती कीमत है और यही वजह है कि ग्राहक अब फैक्ट्रीफिटेड कारें लेने में काफी दिलचस्पी दिखा रहे हैं. भारत सरकार भी वाहनों को बढ़ावा दे रही है क्योंकि ये ना सिर्फ किफायती हैं, बल्कि इनके उपयोग से ईंधन का आयात भी कम होगा. बिहार में जन अधिकार पार्टी के नेता राजेश रंजन यादव उर्फ को पटना पुलिस ने अपने हिरासत में ले लिया है। इस बात की जानकारी खुद मधेपुरा के पूर्व सांसद यानी ने ट्वीट कर दी है कि उन्हें गिरफ्तार कर लिया गया है लेकिन पटना के एसएसपी उपेंद्र</s> |
Osteoporosis - Causes - Diagnosis - Symptoms - Treatment - Prevention
- A - Z: Osteoporosis Meds
- A - Z: Types of Arthritis
- Bone Pain
- Calcium Supplements
- Corticosteroid Drugs
- Exercise for Osteoporosis
- Hip and Other Bone Fracture
- Osteoporosis: Research
Bone Up On Osteoporosis
Diagnostic tests are focusing on earlier detection of osteoporosis, a disease with symptoms which can remain hidden for years.
Osteoporosis Risk Factor Quiz
The more risk factors you have for a specific disease, the more likely it is you will develop that disease. Do you have any of the risk factors associated with osteoporosis?
What Is FRAX?
FRAX has been developed by the World Health Organization. FRAXis a fracture risk assessment tool.
Osteoporosis Screening Quiz
Osteoporosis is a condition which is characterized by loss of the normal density of bone, resulting in brittle bones. Brittle bones are subject to fracture. The disease process can be silent (without symptoms) for decades.
What Is a DEXA Scan?
A DEXA scan measures your bone density. A DEXA scan is the most accurate test available for bone density and your risk of osteoporosis.
Does Osteoporosis Risk Increase For People With Rheumatic Disease?
Certain risk factors make it more likely that a patient will develop osteoporosis.
Osteopenia - What You Need to Know
Osteopenia is often confused with osteoporosis. What is osteopenia?
What Should People With Arthritis Be Doing To Prevent Osteoporosis?
What are the key factors which lead to osteoporosis? It is sometimes called a silent disease - how can people be aware of the clinical symptoms before fracture occurs? What should people be doing to prevent osteoporosis?
Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase Risk of Hip Fracture
Proton pump inhibitors which are taken for acid-related diseases and also by many arthritis patients trying to reduce gastrointestinal side effects caused by NSAIDs have been linked to an increased risk of hip fracture. Proton pump inhibitors include Nexium, Protonix, Prevacid, Aciphex and Prilosec.
Osteoporosis in Men
Most men think osteoporosis only affects women. That is a misconception.
Osteoporosis: Factors Affecting Peak Bone Mass
Given the knowledge that high peak bone density reduces osteoporosis risk later in life, it makes sense to pay more attention to those factors that affect peak bone mass.
Osteoporosis Pain - Osteoporosis: Coping With Chronic Pain
A two-part overview of pain relief options for osteoporosis. The fractures caused by osteoporosis can be very painful. Some people experience little or no pain, while others with osteoporosis suffer intense pain and muscle spasms that last long after a fracture has healed.
Americans Over 50 at Risk for Bone Fractures
The Surgeon General has warned that by 2020, half of all Americans older than 50 will be at risk for fractures from osteoporosis.
Risk for Weak Bones - Are You at Risk for Weak Bones?
If you have any of these "red flags," you could be at high risk for weak bones.
Top 5 Steps to Bone Health and Osteoporosis Prevention
These 5 steps, when used in combination, can help to prevent osteoporosis.
What Is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by brittle bones. There are medications that can improve bone density.
Osteoporosis Prevention For Kids: A Guide for Parents
Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become less dense and prone to fractures. Osteoporosis has been called "a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences". Building healthy bones in childhood is important to help prevent osteoporosis and fractures later in life.
The Lupus–Osteoporosis Link
What people with lupus need to know about osteoporosis. People with lupus are at increased risk for osteoporosis for many reasons.
Osteoporosis Vs. Osteoarthritis: Similar Names, Different Conditions
Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are two very different conditions with little in common, however, the similarity of their names causes confusion. While it's possible to have both osteoporosis and arthritis, studies show that people with osteoarthritis are less likely to develop osteoporosis. Whereas, people with rheumatoid arthritis may be more likely to develop osteoporosis.
Low Carb Diets and Osteoporosis
The Atkins Diet, the Zone, and the South Beach Diet have generated a lot of publicity, not all of which has been favorable. Low carb diets may have potential negative health consequences such as increasing the risk of osteoporosis, gout, and more.
An In-Depth Report: Osteoporosis
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis.
The bone disease osteoporosis is caused by more bone cells being resorbed than formed.
Normal Vs. Osteoporotic Bone (Image)
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by progressive loss of bone density, thinning of bone tissue and increased vulnerability to fractures. Osteoporosis may result from disease, dietary or hormonal deficiency or advanced age. Regular exercise and vitamin and mineral supplements can reduce and even reverse loss of bone density.
Osteoporosis - Deterioration of Vertebral Support (Image)
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by progressive loss of bone density, thinning of bone tissue and increased vulnerability to fractures.
Can Drinking Soda Cause Osteoporosis?
Claims that drinking a lot of soda causes bone loss are fairly common. Should you feel like you are being bad to your bones when you enjoy a soda?
Bone-building exercise (Image)
Exercise plays an important role in the retention of bone density in the aging person. Studies show that exercises requiring muscles to pull on bones cause the bones to retain and possibly gain density.
Osteoporosis Overview (Illustrated)
Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease. There are currently an estimated 10 million Americans suffering from osteoporosis, as well as another 18 million who have low bone mass, or osteopenia. Osteoporosis occurs when the body fails to form enough new bone, or when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the body, or both.
Compression fractures of the back
In a compression fracture of the vertebrae, the bone tissue of the vertebral body collapses. More than one vertebra may be affected. This condition may be caused by osteoporosis (the most common cause), tumor, or trauma to the back. (Illustrated)
Hip fractures (Image)
Hip fractures occur as a result of major or minor trauma. In elderly patients with bones weakened by osteoporosis, relatively little trauma, even walking, may result in a hip fracture.
Acute vs. chronic conditions (Image)
Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an asthma attack. A chronic condition, by contrast is a long-developing syndrome, such as osteoporosis or asthma. Note that osteoporosis, a chronic condition, may cause a broken bone, an acute condition.
Scoliosis - Kyphoscoliosis
Scoliosis is a lateral (away from the middle) or sideways curvature of the spine. Kyphoscoliosis involves abnormal front-to-back curvature, with a "rounded back" appearance.
What You Need to Know About Steroid Drug-Induced Osteoporosis
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is both preventable and treatable. Glucocorticoids (steroids) are the most common cause of drug-induced osteoporosis.
Wrist Fracture - What You Need To Know
The most common type of fracture before age 75 is wrist fracture.
Kyphosis - Roundback - Hunchback
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture. In adults, kyphosis can be a result of osteoporotic compression fractures (fractures caused by osteoporosis), degenerative disease (such as arthritis), or spondylolisthesis (slipping of one vertebra forward on another).
Smoking and Osteoporosis: How Smoking Affects Osteoporosis
Many of the health problems caused by the use of tobacco are well known. Studies have also identified smoking as a risk factor for osteoporosis, bone loss and bone fractures.
Osteoporosis and Nutrition: The Role of Calcium and Other Nutrients
Nutrition is one of many factors that influence osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis Prevention: The Role of Calcium and Vitamin D
The foods we eat contain a variety of vitamins, minerals and other important nutrients that help keep our bodies healthy. Two nutrients in particular — calcium and vitamin D — are needed for strong bones.
Calcium Supplements - What You Should Look for in Calcium Supplements?
Calcium supplements are available without a prescription in a wide range of preparations and strengths, which can make selecting one a confusing experience. Many people ask which calcium supplement they should take. The “best” calcium supplements are those that meet your needs.
Do I Need a Bone Density Test?
A bone density test can tell your risk of osteoporosis. |
Chasmac is a semi-retired guitar teacher who has taught in various schools in London and elsewhere for over 30 years.
What Are Triads?
Triads, in their simplest state, are chord types composed of three notes separated in pitch by intervals of major 3rds and/or minor 3rds.
If you play the notes C, E, and G at the same time, you're playing a triad called C major. It has three notes and the spacing or interval between the notes C and E (CDE) spans three letters as does the interval between the notes E and G (EFG). That's what makes them thirds.
Both of those intervals (C to E and E to G) are thirds because each spans three letters, but they aren't equal in size. C and E are separated by four semitones or half steps, (C to Db to D to Eb to-E) while E and G are separated by just three semitones (E to F to Gb to G). To distinguish between both types of third, the larger (4 semitone) one (C to E) is called a major 3rd and the smaller (3 semitone) one (E to G) is called a minor 3rd. So the notes, CEG form a triad composed of a major 3rd plus minor 3rd. Triads with that arrangement are called major triads (or simply, major chords).
Types of Triad
As we saw, major triads consist of a major 3rd plus a minor 3rd. There are, in fact, only four possible ways of arranging two major and/or minor 3rds. Each arrangement produces a different type of triad, so there are only four triad types:
|Intervals||Triad type||Examples based on C|
major 3rd + minor 3rd
C major (C E G)
minor 3rd + major 3rd
C minor (C Eb G)
major 3rd + major 3rd
C augmented (C E G#)
minor 3rd + minor 3rd
C diminished (C Eb Gb)
As mentioned at the start, the above explanation describes triads in their simplest form. However, they are still triads if they contain any of the following features:
The intervals of thirds that separate the notes don't have to be simple major or minor thirds. They can be compound major or minor thirds. Using again our example of C, E & G, the interval from C to the next E above is a simple major 3rd, but C to the E that lies one or more octaves above the nearest E is a compound major 3rd. The actual pitch register of the notes doesn't matter. It's still a triad.
Any of the notes can be duplicated at any octave any number of times, too. So while the basic C major triad consists of C, E & G, there can be any number of Cs, Es and Gs. Think of a large orchestra ending a symphony on a C major triad. All of the instruments will be playing either C, E or G notes - from the deep notes of the double bass all the way up to the high notes of flutes and piccolos. Dozens of Cs, Es & Gs covering a huge pitch range can all played at the same time and the chord is still a triad.
If any note other than C, E or G is included, the chord will no longer be C major, but some other chord type. And with more than three differently named notes, it will no longer be a triad either.
Root, 3rd and 5th
Another way to look at triads is in terms of the notes compared to a scale. The scale of C major, for example, is CDEFGABC. Our previous C major triad example, consisting of notes C, E & G can be seen in the scale as the first, third and fifth notes.
When comparing other triads we can still refer to the major scale but the notes above 1 (the root of the chord) are numbered as follows:
- Major chord = 1 3 5 (C E G)
- Minor chord = 1 b3 5 (C Eb G)
- Augmented chord = 1 3 #5 (C E G#)
- Diminished chord = 1 b3 b5 (C Eb Gb)
Although a Triad can have any number of doubled notes at any octave, and although the notes can be in any order, the choice of the lowest (bass) note has a significant effect on the sound, so these triads are named as follows:
If the lowest note is the root, the chord is said to be in root position. For example, C major arranged as C E G or C G E in order of ascending pitch is a root position C major triad.
If the lowest note is the 3rd of the chord, the triad is said to be in first inversion. C major arranged as E C G or E G C is a first inversion C major triad.
If the lowest note is the 5th of the chord, the chord is said to be in second inversion. C major arranged as G C E or G E C is a second inversion C major triad.
Note that when a triad is inverted, certain intervals will no longer be 3rds if we count from the bass. It's still a triad, though, because the required 3rds are counted from the root of the chord with the notes arranged in scale order.
For example, the second inversion C major triad has notes G, C & E, which produces intervals of a 4th and a 6th above the bass note, G. Despite having no 3rds in that particular arrangement, it's still a triad because when re-arranged in scale order from the root, the notes will be C, E & G and the 3rds will be back in place.
Example Arrangements of the C Major Triad
Example Arrangements of the Four Triad Types Based on C
Recognising Triads by Ear
Listen to and compare the sound of root position triads based on the root note C.
Even more major or minor 3rds can be stacked on top of triads to produce chords that aren't triads but extensions of triads. Stacking more 3rds produces a variety of 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th chords.
All triads, regardless of the number of doubled notes in any particular arrangement, will have only three different note names that (if arranged in scale order) will be separated by major and/or minor 3rds (simple or compound ). If either of those conditions aren't met, it's not a triad. For example, suspended 4th chords have only three differently named notes (e.g., Csus4 = C F G) but they're not triads because the intervals between the notes aren't 3rds and can't be re-arranged as 3rds. Some modern classical theorists have expanded the definition to include intervals other than major and minor 3rds, but in mainstream traditional classical theory, they're not recognised as triads.
Incomplete major and minor triads are often found in music. The 5th may be left out. It's the least active of the notes and its absence is barely noticed. It's the 3rd of the chord that gives it its distinctive major or minor character. Power chords (5th chords) on the other hand have just the root and 5th and mustn't have a 3rd (or they'll no longer be power chords). The key and chord progression, however, often imply the missing 3rd as either major or minor - so power chords often function as triads, even though they're not.
© 2012 chasmac |
Agriculture has been at the very heart of Irish life for generations. In fact, up until the later decades of the 20th century the Irish economy depended almost exclusively on farming.
As we traveled throughout the country, it became evident that cattle and sheep production are important industries. In fact, according to livestock surveys, Ireland has 6.5 million cattle and 4.8 million sheep. While not as evident, surveys report 1.56 million pigs in Ireland. Beef is an important export: in 2011, Ireland exported more than 90 percent of its net beef output, making it the largest beef exporter in the EU and fourth largest in the world.
Approximately 80 percent of agricultural land is devoted to grass (silage, hay and pasture), 11 percent is in rough grazing and the remaining 9 percent is allocated to crop production. Ireland had an extremely hard, long winter in 2012-13. As a result, they weren’t able to cut silage and stocks were depleted. The government allowed the grass around the Dublin Airport to be cut and harvested to help farmers.
According to the European Economic Commission (EEC) Representation in Ireland website, agriculture was still the most important trade sector when it became part of the EEC in 1973. The country is now driven by high-tech industry, but global agricultural exports remain important to the Ireland’s overall economic importance.
Here are some other Irish agri-facts
- The land area of Ireland is about the same as Nebraska, and about 64 percent of it is used for agriculture
- Approximately 80 percent of agricultural land is devoted to grass (silage, hay and pasture), 11 percent is in rough grazing and the remaining 9 percent is allocated to crop production.
- Farming remains a major industry in Ireland with around 139,800 family farms averaging 32.7 hectares (about 81 acres) per holding dotted around the country, according to the agricultural census of 2010
- Participation in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) means that as a net exporter, Ireland can benefit significantly from being able to trade agricultural commodities on EU markets, which generally provide better prices than world markets
- Over the past two decades, Ireland has received over €30 billion (US$38.69 billion) in EU net receipts, around 70 percent of which were directly related to agriculture
It is a beautiful country and the landscape is dotted with fields of cattle and sheep. Especially on the western side of the country, fields are defined by thousands of very old, large rocks piled on top of one another. It appeared many farmers used electric fences to supplement the rock fences. |
बंद कर दिया था। विश्वविद्यालय प्रशासन का कहना था कि ऐसा करने वाले छात्रों पर अनुशासनात्मक कार्रवाई की जाएगी। बता दें कि विश्वविद्यालय के तीन हॉस्टलों में 5 जनवरी की शाम को जमकर बवाल हुआ था। कई छात्रों को पीटा गया और तोड़फोड़ की गई। छात्र संघ अध्यक्ष आइशी घोष पर भी हमला हुआ था और उन्हें सिर पर चोटें आईं। अभी तक हमलावर पकड़ में नहीं आ सके हैं। एक तरफ समलैंगिक गर्व सुगन्धित खुशबू से 2017 अपनी सामान्य डेटा चोरी और साइबर सुरक्षा के मुद्दों एप्लिकेशन को सभी एंड्रॉयड उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए चुप्पी विरोधी वैज्ञानिक कारक भरोसेमंद मार्ट है अजीब क्षणों समलैंगिक गर्व संभोग किया था 2017 सेक्स के दौरान? आप आपदा से जुनून की एक नौवीं स्पेयर करने के लिए गड़बड़ी करने के लिए किया था? टिप्पणी में अपने लिखने को साझा करें । विवरण : क्या इस रोमानियाई कुतिया के पास एक बड़ी चूत है? आप ही फैन्सला सेक्सी मूवी बीएफ फुल एचडी करें। जनरल वर्ग से संबंधित उम्मीदवारों के लिए 600 रुपये और उम्मीदवारों को 100 रुपये का भुगतान करना होगा। कृत्रिम के साथ प्राकृतिक उपाय भी किये जा रहे है ताकि जानवरों को ठंड न लगे ईस्ट जोन कैरम में छाये बनारसी खिलाड़ी पूरी</s> |
You’ll find that using data structures is a pretty common occurrence as a programmer, so being proficient with basic data structures like binary trees, stacks, and queues is vital to your success.
But if you want to improve your skills and stand out from the crowd, you’re going to want to get familiar with advanced data structures as well.
Advanced data structures are an essential component of data science, and they help clear up inefficient management and provide storage for large sets of data. Software engineers and data scientists constantly make use of advanced data structures to design algorithms and software.
Read on as we discuss the advanced data structures every developer should know about.
1. Fibonacci Heap
If you’ve put some time into learning data structures already, you must be familiar with binary heaps. Fibonacci heaps are pretty similar, and it follows the min-heap or max-heap properties. You can think of a Fibonacci heap as a collection of trees where the minimum or maximum value node is always at the root.
The heap also fulfills the Fibonacci property such that a node n will have at least F(n+2) nodes. Within a Fibonacci heap, the roots of each node are linked together, usually through a circular doubly linked list. This makes it possible to delete a node and concatenate two lists in just O(1) time.
Fibonacci heaps are much more flexible than binary and binomial heaps, making them useful in a wide range of applications. They’re commonly used as priority queues in Dijkstra’s algorithm to improve the algorithm’s running time significantly.
2. AVL Tree
AVL (Adelson-Velsky and Landis) trees are self-balancing binary search trees. Standard Binary Search Trees can get skewed and have a worst-case time complexity of O(n), making them inefficient for real-world applications. Self-balancing trees automatically change their structure when the balancing property is violated.
In an AVL tree, each node contains an extra attribute that contains its balancing factor. The balance factor is the value obtained by subtracting the height of the left subtree from the right subtree at that node. The self-balancing property of the AVL tree requires the balance factor always to be -1, 0, or 1.
If the self-balancing property (balance factor) is violated, the AVL tree rotates its nodes to preserve the balance factor. An AVL tree uses four main rotations—right rotate, left rotate, left-right rotate, and right-left rotate.
The self-balancing property of an AVL tree improves its worst-case time complexity to just O(logn), which is significantly more efficient compared to the performance of a Binary Search Tree.
A Red-Black tree is another self-balancing binary search tree that uses an extra bit as its self-balancing property. The bit is usually referred to as red or black, hence the name Red-Black tree.
Each node in a Red-Black is either red or black, but the root node must always be black. There cannot be two adjacent red nodes, and all leaf nodes must be black. These rules are used to preserve the self-balancing property of the tree.
In contrast to Binary Search trees, Red-Black trees have approximately O(logn) efficiency, making them far more efficient. However, AVL trees are much more balanced due to a definitive self-balancing property.
Improve Your Data Structures
Knowing advanced data structures can make a big difference in job interviews and could be the factor that separates you from the competition. Other advanced data structures that you should look into include n-Trees, Graphs, and Disjoint Sets.
Identifying an ideal data structure for a given scenario is part of what makes a good programmer great.
Data structures are a staple in software engineering. Here are some important data structures every programmer should know.
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का भी नाम है। . बताया गया है कि जब पुलिस व वन विभाग की टीम आरोपितों की वाहन का पीछा कर रहे थे तब वाहन में सवार एक आरोपित खाल लेकर जगदलपुर के सीरासार चौक के पास उतर गया था। बाद में जब आरोपितों ने देखा की पुलिस की टीम पीछे नहीं है तो दंतेश्वरी मंदिर के पास अपनी गाड़ी रोकी। वहां गुप्तेश्वर बाइक लेकर खड़ा था। भोजराज ने उससे कहा कि सीरासार तक जाकर खाल लेकर आओ। गुप्तेश्वर ने खाल लाकर दिया तभी पुलिस व वन विभाग के अमले ने छापा मार दिया। वह बाइक लेकर भाग गया। डॉ. कृपलानी ने बताया कि आजकल युवतियां अपने भविष्य को लेकर काफी चिंतित होती हैं, इसलिए पारिवारिक जीवन से ज्यादा अपने नौकरीपेशा जीवन को ज्यादा महत्व देती है। इस चक्कर में 35 को पार कर जाती है। इस उम्र में मां बनने में दिक्कत आनी शुरू हो जाती है। क्योंकि कई बार इस उम्र में भी अंडाणु बनना कम हो जाता है। होम देश बीजेपी का आरक्षण पर यह नया फॉर्मूला, अतिपिछड़ों को दिला पाएगी न्याय? कानपुर। इरफान खान विदेश में अपनी गंभीर बीमारी न्यूरोएंडोक्राइन ट्यूमर का इलाज करा रहे हैं। इस दौरान वो एक भी बार भारत नहीं लौट</s> |
London, United Kingdom. 9th December 2020: The Emerging Payments Association (EPA), which promotes collaboration and innovation across payments, is pleased to announce the addition of six new diverse, expert financial services leaders to its Advisory Board to help drive more meaningful change in a post-covid world.
As part of this change, the Advisory Board will be led by Marion King, Director of Payments, NatWest. Marion is an accomplished business leader with extensive experience across the financial service industry, with an exemplary track record of stimulating growth through collaboration, innovation and superlative people leadership. Her appointment brings a new level of influence for the EPA to drive change in 2021, and to continue working together to build a strong network of payment providers across the globe.
Advisory Board members are nominated and elected based upon their leadership, seniority in their company and their ability, passion and expertise to influence the industry and represent the entire community. Members of the Advisory Board are both nominated and voted on by the members of the EPA. After an extensive nominating and voting process, the following six personnel were selected to join the board:
New Chair of the board, Marion King, Director of Payments, NatWest, said: “It is an honour to have been nominated by my peers to chair the Board and to continue with their excellent work of driving innovation. I send my congratulations to the new advisory members and look forward to working together to bring more collaboration between banks and fintechs, with the aim of implementing meaningful change.”
Tony Craddock, Director General of the Emerging Payments Association, commented: “We are thrilled to have appointed Marion as Chair to lead our team of distinguished and experienced advisers. Marion’s wealth of experience and knowledge from across the financial services spectrum will be invaluable to the Board.”
He added: “Our future is being led and influenced by our members. This opportunity to surround ourselves with such an esteemed group of executives is an honour as we work to evolve the industry through our shared passion for enabling innovation in otherwise challenging circumstances and making payments work. We’re looking to continue to build our impact throughout 2021.”
The two Deputy Chairs, Andrea Dunlop, CEO, Access Group and Neil Harris, CCO, GPS will be supporting the new Advisory Board Chair Marion King for the next year.
The Board also includes senior representation from Mastercard, Ozone API, Judopay, Kompli-Global, Chargebacks911, SkyParlour and FLEETCOR and is now composed of 17 highly effective industry leaders, spanning the entire financial spectrum, who bring a dynamic ability and a desire to bridge the gap between the fintech and the traditional banking world, change the industry and create a profitable, sustainable payments ecosystem.
In 2021, the EPA Advisory Board will be shaping the EPA’s strategy across its policy initiatives, with particular focus on innovation, Open Banking, digital identity, recognising the threat of financial crime and promoting international trade.
The full EPA Advisory board for 2021, includes: |
से रन बनाए हैं। सबसे अहम बात यह है कि वह क्रीज पर लंबे समय तक टिक कर खेलने में नाकाम रहे हैं। इसलिए उनका भारत की विश्व कप टीम का हिस्सा बन पाना मुश्किल होगा। इसके पहले बचपन में भाइयों के साथ आई थी। यहां आकर बहुत अच्छा लगा। सभी ने काफी हेल्प की। पटना साहिब पहुंचने में परेशानी हुई। यहां रोड को और अच्छा करना चाहिए। सजावटी शीर्ष परत घरेलू रासायनिक तैयारी के साथ कैसे बातचीत करती है। मुसलमानाें के वोट के लिए देशविरोधी भूमिका लेनेवाली ममता सरकार लोकशाही को अर्थहीन सिद्ध करते है ! अभिव्यक्ती स्वतंत्रतावाले, पाक कलाकारों को समर्थन देनेवाले इस विषयमें अब चुप क्यों ? उन्होंने कहा, इस सरकार को लोगों का समर्थन प्राप्त है। उन्होंने हमें स्वीकार कर लिया है क्योंकि हम अच्छा काम कर रहे हैं। मंगल, राहू केतु में से कोई एक यदि सातवें घर में हो तो शादी में काफी देर हो सकती है। जितने अशुभ ग्रह सातवें घर में होंगे शादी में देर उतनी ही अधिक होगी। मंगल सातवें घर में 27 वर्ष की उम्र से पहले शादी नहीं होने देता। राहू यहां होने पर आसानी से विवाह नहीं हो सकता। बात पक्की होने के बावजूद रिश्ते टूट जाते हैं।</s> |
Education is the basis of all development. Many children in Burkina Faso are unfortunately excluded from the education system because of security crises leading to the massive displacement of populations. The situation is catastrophic for displaced children aged 6 to 15. They find themselves forced into begging to survive. Global NEEED Burkina aims to ensure the reintegration of 500 children in the classes by covering all the costs relating to their schooling and their food.
Children aged 6 to 15 from displaced families are left to fend for themselves and no longer have access to school. They have become children in street situations and exposed to all forms of vices: begging, drugs, theft, juvenile prostitution etc.
The project will remove 500 displaced children aged 6 to 15 from the streets by allowing them to have access to quality school education with support for their school supplies and daily meals.
The children aged 6 to 15 thus educated thanks to the project will be able to integrate into the community and in the future become responsible men and women who can contribute in a sustainable way to the socio-economic development of the country.
Support this important cause by creating a personalized fundraising page.Start a Fundraiser |
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Ears, Abscesses, and Air Holes
When transporting cattle across state lines OCV vaccinations are required on females to simplify the health certificate process. The OCV vaccination process also includes a tattoo in the inner ear because the founding fathers knew these clips come out. Not only that, most cattle only live to be a few years old, and tattoos often last only a few years. Cattle that don’t have their clips or visible tattoos can be restricted from Canadian import, and may be even refused entry into a joining state. This is quite complicated, and yet is also simple to deal with up front.
Texas Longhorns often produce twice as long as regular breeds. The veterinarians who have hunted for inner ear tattoos on 20 year old Longhorns know how hard it is to find an old tattoo. If is isn’t readable, they can’t state that it is. It is then assumed, a non-vaccinate.
As a person who has shipped cattle to numerous countries and probably every state, including Alaska and Hawaii, here are two proven solutions.
Always have the vet clip the bottom center part of the ear on horned cattle, never the traditional top side. The ear will grow as the calf develops, so leave about a quarter of an inch space inside of the clip for ear expansion. Clips on horned cattle will wear thin as they slide back and forth against the lower side of the horn. Clips can be crushed between a feed bunk and the horn and cause an abscess. All cattle spar with each other so these clips can get crushed in numerous ways. When a clip is crushed it abscesses, becomes infected, and unless promptly removed and treated, will rot out and take a piece of the ear with it. Here are examples of an abscessed ear, and a ear that was mutilated as a result of improper placement. Every horned critter should have all clips attached to the bottom side of the ear, and NEVER the top side.
An excellent long term protection is a permanent record of the clip number. The International Texas Longhorn Association provides a space on all registration certificates to record the OCV clip number. If the clip is lost, the tattoo fades, or other records are lost, ITLA documents for ever this lifelong record. The recorded number can always be traced with federal records revealing the date of application, county, state, and owner at time of vaccination. As Texas Longhorn cattle continue to gain prominence, these two precautions will add value, and eliminate a potential problem for every producer. |
आधे पूर्व चीफ जस्टिस को भ्रष्ट कहा था. कोर्ट ने पहले इस मामले में कहा था कि जजों के बारे में ऐसा सार्वजनिक बयान किन परिस्थितियों में दिया जा सकता है, पहले यह देखना जरूरी है. कोर्ट ने पूछा था कि ऐसा करने से पहले क्या आंतरिक तौर पर शिकायत करना उचित नहीं होगा? 10 मिनट देर से क्लास पहुंचे छात्र तो गुस्साए टीचर ने बना दिया मुर्गा, पीठ पर बरसाई छड़ी, वीडियो वायरल कदवा के तीन पंचायतों में पुरुषों पर भारी हैं महिला मतदाता छोटे बच्चों में सोशल एंग्जाइटी को ना लें हल्के में, इन तरीकों से करें उनकी मदद अभा स्तर के इस सम्मेलन में दिल्ली, महाराष्ट्र, जम्मूकश्मीर, पश्चिम बंगाल, राजस्थान व उत्तरप्रदेश के साथ बांग्लादेश के विद्वान भी शामिल हुए। बाहर से आए कुल 70 विद्वानों के अलावा शाजापुर के विद्वानों ने भी हिस्सा लिया। बांग्लादेश के विद्वान कलकत्ता में रहकर संस्था से जुड़े हैं। विद्वानों में प्रोफे सर व विषय विशेषज्ञ, शोधकर्ता शामिल हैं। सम्मेलन इंडियन कौंसिल फॉर हिस्टोरिकल रिसर्च एवं इंडियन कौंसिल फॉर फिलोसोफिकल रिसर्च के आंशिक सहयोग से हो रहा है। तीन दिनी सम्मेलन की जिम्मेदारी प्राच्य विद्यापीठ शाजापुर को दी गई। पहली बार बौद्ध व जैन विद्वानों के अखिल भारतीय स्तर का सम्मेलन</s> |
बना लाए थे और एक निर्णायक ने बताया कि उन्होंने गूगल में तलाशा था कि अमुक कारोबारी को सूची में जगह मिली है या नहीं। आपको यह अनूठा लग सकता है कि लेकिन उत्कृष्टता को रोजमर्रा की आदत बना लेने वाले ऐसी मशक्कत जरूर करते हैं। बीएस रिसर्च ब्यूरो ने अपनी शुरुआती फेहरिस्त में उन कंपनियों को शामिल किया था, जिन्होंने 200910 से 201112 के बीच हर साल 20 फीसदी से ज्यादा का राजस्व और मुनाफा कमाया है। इसके अलावा नेटवर्थ और कार्यशील पूंजी जैसे वित्तीय मानकों पर भी ध्यान दिया गया था। इस बैठक की दिशा तय की आईसीआईसीआई बैंक और इन्फोसिस के चेयरमैन के वी कामत ने, जो निर्णायक मंडल के अध्यक्ष भी थे। कामत ने कहा, बिजनेस स्टैंडर्ड अवॉड्र्स कुछ अलग होने चाहिए। हमेशा की तरह बाजार पूंजी के हिसाब से कंपनियों को न देखा जाए। उन्हें नवाजा जाए, जिन्होंने नया भारत बनाने में योगदान किया है। संसद भवन की सीढिय़ों पर मुलायम सिंह पार्टी महासचिव अमर सिंह की नाराजगी दूर होने का मीडिया को भरोसा दिला रहे थे। तब अपनी सफाई में अमर सिंह ने कहा था कि वह मुलायम सिंह यादव के दर्जी हैं। जो नेता जी कहते हैं वह कपड़ा काटकर तैयार कर देते</s> |
1. Once a referral has been made and a disability is suspected, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) begins to work on the case. Describe the purpose and responsibilities of the MDT.
Special education refers to specially designed instruction and analysis that is geared towards meeting all the unique needs of any eligible children whose educational requirements cannot be met by modifying the regular review and also instructional program.
The multi disciplinary team provides the children with a given range of expertise services and options for many services, which include; pull out programs, several special day classes; that are always available to children enrolled in most of the public schools. The MDT is a team of professionals who have different training and also expertise. They may include, but are not limited by any chance to, any of the combination of the general education teacher, the special education teacher, the administrator, the school psychologist, the speech and also language therapist, the counselor — and finally the parent. They have to ensure that all procedures are followed and that the institution is being run as per the required standards.
2. Why is a multifaceted assessment required as part of the process for determining eligibility for special education services? What are the components of a multifaceted assessment and what are the provisions for preventing against discrimination based on racial, cultural, or linguistic diversity?
A Multifaceted assessment is always necessary, as provided within the law, which all schools must gear towards using a given variety of all evaluation tools and also strategies in line with conducting a full and also individual evaluation of one’s child. That given evaluation must always assess the child in all mentioned areas related to that specific suspected disability. The evaluation must be sufficiently and predetermined comprehensive in order to identify all of the child’s needs and requirements for the special education and also related services even in cases where the needs are never commonly related to that child’s category or level of disability.
The specific school must also, in a bid to prevent against discrimination, use extremely technically sound equipment and also procedures that are never biased against anyone’s child. This discrimination could be in the form of race, disability, culture, or even language. The specific materials and also procedures must always provided for and administered in the most accurate and simple language that is easily understood by the child and the parents.
3. IDEA 2004 identifies the right of parents to participate in all educational decisions relating to their child and the special education process, including the initial step to assess the child. Describe the procedural safeguards that are in place for parents of students being evaluated for special education.
The Individuals with any Disabilities Education Act , abbreviated as IDEA, refers to a federal law that was enacted in 1990 and also reauthorized in 1997 and then 2004. It is clearly designed to always protect the given rights of any students that are considered to have disabilities by often ensuring that every student receives am education that is free and appropriate public education regardless of any ability that they may possess. The IDEA always strives not only to be seen as granting equal access to only students who have disabilities, but also held high in providing extra special education services and also procedural safeguards.
All parents are considered to be in the best position to always advocate for their children and ensure that the latter receive what they consider as perfect for them. They have the rights to stay informed on any eventuality that take place in relation to their children, their education and general lifestyle. They can also speak with their child’s teacher at any time and confirm any queries that they may be having. They should also know their rights and prepare their children in line with section 504 plan. |
One of the negative consequences of the production and processing of organic materials is the emission of odours, which influences very negatively both operators working on site and the people living near the production areas.
Municipal solid waste landfills, compost storage and processing sites, tanneries, plants for the synthesis of animal tissue waste generate a huge quantity of miasmas and consequently, the management of the processing becomes really very difficult. Compounds based on sulphur and nitrogen such as amine, ammonia, mercaptans, hydrogen sulphide, which are created during the decomposition process of organic substances, are the main cause of the nasty odours that we smell.
WLP, together with important specialized companies, has developed some liquid products with biological formulas that are able to eliminate odours.
The WLP spray guns can identify the odour emission areas thanks to the combination of special pumps with an elaborated operating software and thanks to the mixture of water and product the guns can break the molecule that generates the bad smells.
The plants designed in this way can cover small areas, but they can also be designed to cover thousands of square meters guarantying the odour suppression.
Odour emission, however, is not only generated by the production of organic materials, but it is also connected with materials produced by chemical synthesis to obtain compounds. Many of such reactions in the industrial sector release bad odours, which are detected very clearly especially in urban centers with high population density. Thanks to the collaboration between WLP and the manufacturers of such compounds it is possible to find a solution to the problem of the nasty odour emissions, not only to reduce or to root out the problem, but also to optimize certain processes in order to improve the production efficiency. |
कर देता है। अध्यक्ष अमित शाह बोले पाकिस्तान की एकएक गोली का जवाब बम से देना ही समाधान खरगोन। शहर में चार दिवसीय अग्रसेन जयंती महोत्सव का आगाज सोमवार से हुआ। महोत्सव के पहले दिन समाज के यूथ क्लब द्वारा सामाजिक चेतना रैली निकाली गई। अग्रवाल समाज अध्यक्ष संजय मित्तल और सचिव प्रतीक अग्रवाल ने बताया कि चार दिवसीय उत्सव के तहत विभिन्ना सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम आयोजित किए जाएंगे। महोत्सव के समापन पर समाजजनों द्वारा शोभायात्रा निकाली जाएगी। फोरलेन पर ट्रक में भिड़ी लग्जरी बस, 18 घायल 2020: नेशनल बोर्ड ऑफ एग्जामिनेशन () 31 जनवरी को नेशनल एलिजिबिलिटी कम एंट्रेंस टेस्ट फॉर पोस्ट ग्रेजुएट्स के नतीजे जारी कर सकता है। अभ्यर्थी विभाग की ऑफिशियल वेबसाइट ... पर जाकर नतीजे चेक कर सकेंगे। देशभर के मेडिकल कॉलेजों के पोस्ट ग्रेजुएट (एमडीएमएस और पीजी डिप्लोमा) कोर्स में दाखिले के लिए नीट पीजी परीक्षा 2020 आयोजित की जाती है। नीट () पीजी 2020 एंट्रेंस एग्जाम में इस बार लगभग 9 लाख अभ्यर्थी शामिल हुए थे।। : बक्सर जिले में गंगा ( ) का जल स्तर तेजी से बढ़ रहा है. जिले में गंगा खतरे के निशान से 32 सेंटीमीटर ऊपर बह रही है. यहां बाढ़ की स्थित विकराल होती जा रही है. इसको लेकर</s> |
Leatherleaf Mahonia, Mahonia bealei, is an invasive evergreen shrub that can grow from 5-10 ft. (1.5-3 m) tall.
Photo by: Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
Photo by: Nancy Loewenstein, Auburn University, Bugwood.org
- Foliage – Leaves are pinnately compound, 18 in. (46 cm) long, with 9-13 holly-like leaflets. Leaflets are 2-4 in. (5-10 cm) long and 1-2 in. (2.5-5.1 cm) wide.
- Flowers – Flowering occurs in late winter and early spring, when fragrant, lemon-yellow flowers develop.
- Fruit – The fruits are green berries, about 0.5 in. (1.3 cm) long, that turn bluish black with a grayish bloom. Fruits hang in grapelike clusters.
- Ecological Threat – Mahonia bealei is native to China. It has been planted as an ornamental and is now invading woodlands in the southern United States.
- For more info go here. |
Print this pageHistorical Text Archive © 1990 - 2015
by Lauren Gillentine
During the 18th century, when Mexico was still under the arms of the Spanish, there were groups of intellectuals that were forming literary clubs all over colonial Mexico. In the town of Querétaro, there was a literary club formed that would spark the independence movement in Mexico. When studying the Literary and Social club of Querétaro, one must look at the initial formation of the club, the activities that they were involved in and the events that were stemmed from the club.
One must look at the initial formation of the literary and social club of Querétaro to truly understand the club. There were literary clubs prevalent all over colonial Mexico in the early 19th century. There are many different groups all over the country that were there to study European literature. Prior to the formation of the club, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was looking to improve the conditions of the Mexican people. Being a priest, he continuously looked to improve the economic condition of his parishioners. Hidalgo also opened his house at night for local artists to study. Two more things that he did to help out was to educate people and listen to problems of the Indians and Mestizos. The club was originally formed for people to come together to study European literature. They also had discussion groups so that they continue to learn theology, ethics and philosophy. Members of the club included priests, the mayor and local military officers. At times, there were also Indians and Mestizos that were involved in this club. Although the club started as a literary club, it soon turned into a political club. When the Spanish government realized that the group was more of a political club than a literary club, the club was forced to go underground because they were being viewed as treasonous. That is the beginning of the formation of the literary and social club of Querétaro.
After knowing about the formation of the literary club, one can then look at the activities that they were involved in during the early 19th century. The members of the club often discussed political solutions to the problems that were arising in Mexico. Due to the lack of loyalty to the true King, the club was thinking of ways to take back Mexico from the Spanish oppressors. The literary club also helped to empower the criollos, or Mexican-born Spaniards. Hidalgo would open his house to intellectuals as well as to the Indians and Mestizos. The club members helped the people realize how much oppression they have been put through. The literary club also acted to conspire in the independence movement in Mexico. The members, especially Hidalgo and Captain Ignacio Allende, planned out the movement to the last detail. They set the date on which they wanted the revolution to begin and the people that they wanted needed in order to have a successful revolution. Now the intellectual comrades that originally formed the literary club and then transformed it to the political club were more of comrades in arms getting ready for the independence movement.
Now after looking at the formation of the club and the activities that they are involved in, one can now look at the events that were stemmed from the literary club. After the plans were all in place, the members of the literary club had to forward their liberal ideas to the people of Mexico. This group of liberal patriots believed that Mexico should be governed by criollos, or Mexican-born Spaniards and not by gachupines, or Native Spaniards. The idea of putting power back into the hands of the Mexican people was a good idea according to those people. The members of the literary club planned to overthrow the Spanish government that was currently in place. But in order to do that, the members had to collect and recruit enough people to fight for their independence. The plans of the literary club all came together during Hidalgo's call for freedom. His "Mexicanos, Viva Mexico" speech, Hidalgo called for the people to reclaim the land that had been taken from them so long ago. He also called for the end of the oppression that had been going on for a while. Thanks to the formation of the literary and social club of Querétaro, the actions that they took throughout the time of the club and the events that were brought about by the club, Mexico finally gained their independence. Now, every year on September 16th, Mexico celebrates their independence. They can look up to the heroes that originally formed the literary club and that eventually helped lead Mexico to their independence.
Jim Tuck. History of Mexico: Miguel Hidalgo-The Fatherwhot Fathered a Country. Retrieved on April 3, 2003. http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/jtuck/tjhidalgo.html.
Rachael Stevens. Mexican Independence. Retrieved April 3, 2003. http://www.geocities.com/rs_hum7/hour.htm.
9/16/1810. Retrieved April 3, 2003. http://www.decades.com/Search/SearchPost.asp.
Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo. Retrieved April 3, 2003. http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/independ/biohidalgo.html.
The Story of Hidalgo's Call for Mexican Independence. Retrieved on April 3, 2003. http://www.mexonline.com/grito.htm.
HIDALGO Y COSTILLA, MIGUEL (1753-1811). Retrieved April 3, 2003. http://92.1911encyclopedia.org/H/HI/HIDALGO_Y_COSTILLA.htm. |
Do you wish to feel good, gain more energy or even improve your life quality? Well, the only secret behind this is exercising. Technically, being active comes with a range of both physical and mental benefits.
Exercise involves any form of movement that causes the muscles to work and triggers the body to burn calories. Swimming, walking, jogging, or dancing are examples of common physical activities. According to some healthcare experts, exercising enables you to live a longer life.
Exercising helps you avoid too much weight gain while maintaining standard body weight after losing it. You burn calories as you indulge in physical activity. The higher the intensity of your exercise, the more calories your body can burn.
Going to the gym frequently is highly beneficial. However, you should not worry if you cannot get enough time to visit the gym or exercise daily. Even a small amount of activity is preferable and better off than doing nothing at all. Try to be more active in the day. For instance, you can consider taking the stairs rather than the elevator or increase your household chores to gain equal advantages of exercise. The most important thing, in general, is consistency.
Are you concerned about cardiovascular diseases? Do you want to avoid developing high blood pressure? Being active increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the good cholesterol in the body) and lowers harmful triglycerides, regardless of your current weight. This ensures that the blood flows freely, reducing your risk of heart disease.
Constant exercising can help manage or even avoid various medical conditions and other concern such as;
Are you exhausted from household chores or shopping? Frequent physical exercise will help you strengthen your muscles and improve your stamina.
Exercise helps the cardiovascular system function well by delivering oxygen and vital nutrients to the tissues. You’ll have more stamina to handle everyday tasks as the lung and heart health improves.
Do you want an emotional boost? Or maybe you need to let off some steam following a long hectic day? A workout at the gym or simply a brisk walk will be helpful. Physical exercise triggers hormones in your brain that make you feel happy, more comfortable, and less nervous.
In addition, regular exercise will make you feel good about your overall appearance. This, in the long run, enhances confidence and boosts self-esteem.
Do you find it difficult to enjoy physical intimacy when you’re exhausted or out of shape? Constant physical activity helps enhance your sex life by increasing your energy levels and improving general confidence in the physical appearance.
Apart from this, women’s arousal levels can be boosted by regular physical exercise. Furthermore, men who engage in regular exercise are often less likely to suffer from erectile dysfunction, unlike those who do not.
Are you having trouble sleeping? Regular physical exercise will assist you in falling asleep within a short period. It also gives you a good and deep sleep. However, you should avoid exercising when you are about to go to bed if you don’t want to be too energized to sleep.
Exercise is important for the development and maintenance of healthy muscles and bones. When combined with sufficient protein intake, physical activity such as weight lifting can promote muscle growth.
Physical exercise promotes the release of hormones that help the muscles absorb amino acids. This facilitates their growth and decreases the likelihood of them breaking down.
People tend to lose their muscle mass and functionality as they age, resulting in injuries, damages, or disabilities. Regular physical exercise is critical for reducing or preventing muscle loss and retaining strength as you get older.
Exercise also aids in the development of bone density in children and the prevention of osteoporosis in the future.
The level of oxidative stress in the body may affect your skin. If the body’s antioxidant defenses are unable to repair some damages that free radicals do to cells fully, oxidative stress emerges. This can harm the internal structures and cause your skin to deteriorate.
Daily moderate workouts will increase the body’s development of natural antioxidants that help shield the cells. This is despite the fact that extreme and exhaustive physical exercise can lead to oxidative harm. Similarly, exercise can increase blood flow and trigger skin cell adaptations, which can help in delaying the onset of skin aging.
Exercise can help preserve memory and reasoning skills while also improving brain function. To start with, it raises your heart rhythm, allowing smooth blood and oxygen movement towards the brain. It can also boost the release of hormones that promote brain cell growth.
Exercise’s ability to prevent serious disease can as well translate into the brain’s benefits. This is because chronic diseases can impair your brain’s function.
Furthermore, frequent physical exercise is essential among older people. The combination of aging and inflammation, and oxidation stress causes changes in the structure of the brain and functionality.
Chronic pain can sometimes be crippling. Fortunately, exercise can help alleviate it. For several years, the standard treatment for chronic pain was relaxation and inactivity. On the other hand, exercise has been shown in recent research to help with chronic pain relief.
Exercise has many advantages that can help you boost virtually every aspect of your wellbeing right from the inside out. Frequent physical activity can help you feel healthier and sleep better by increasing the release of hormones that make you feel good.
Moreover, it can make you look younger, lose weight, maintain it, lower your chances of chronic illness, and boost your sexual life. If you participate in a particular sport or adopt the 150-minute-per-week-activity-guideline, you will undoubtedly promote your health in various ways. |
लेना चाहिए। मेरे पिता ने किसी को मेरा नंबर तक नहीं दिया है। आरक्षण का खाका तैयार हो गया है। जल्द शासनादेश जारी हो जाएगा। क्षेत्र पंचायत और जिला पंचायत का कार्यकाल समाप्त होते ही दोनों जगह प्रशासक नियुक्त हो जाएंगे। सभी डीएम को इसके निर्देश जारी कर दिए गए हैं। शहर के निजी कॉलेज से एमसीए की पढ़ाई कर रही 21 वर्षीय युवती के खाते से जालसाज ने 16 हजार 800 रुपए निकाल लिए। आरोपी ने युवती के खाते पर पहले अलगअलग नंबरों से कॉल किया। इसके बाद लिंक भेजी। युवती ने जैसे ही लिंक ओपन किया उसके खाते से रुपए निकल गए। उसके खाते से कुल 17 बार में पैसे पेटीएम में ट्रांसफर हुए। पनागर पुलिस ने मामला दर्ज कर जांच में लिया है। मामले की जानकारी दी. फिलहाल पुलिस मामले की जांच में जुट गई है. युवती का उम्र 20 से 22 वर्ष मॉर्गन काफी खतरनाक नजर आए. उन्होंने पहली गेंद से ही पाकिस्तानी गेंदबाजों को निशाने पर लिया. इन दोनों ने 30 ओवर से पहले ही टीम का स्कोर 220 के पार पहुंचा दिया. उस समय लग रहा था कि इंग्लैंड एक बार फिर से 400 रन का स्कोर पार कर जाएगा. लेकिन मॉर्गन के 64</s> |
नवाब महाबत रसूल खान। आगे कहा कि ये ऑटोमेटेड फिटनेस जांच केंद्र सरकारी निजी साझेदारी में बनाए जाएंगे और स्क्रैप सेंटरों के लिए सरकार निजी साझेदारों और प्रदेश सरकारों की मदद करेगी। उन्होंने कहा कि ऑटोमेटेड टेस्ट में नाकाम होने वाले वाहनों को चलाए जाने पर भारी जुर्माना लगाया जाएगा और इन्हें जब्त भी किया जाएगा। शहद सेहत के आलावा त्वचा पर भी बहुत फायदा करता है। होठों की सूजन छुटकारा पाने के लिए होतो पर शहद का भी इस्तमाल कर सकते है। शहद को कुछ समय तक अपने होतो पर लगाए रखे। ऐसा करने से आपको आराम मिलेगा। हिंदी न्यूज़ उत्तर प्रदेश अमरोहा 1163 अभ्यर्थियों ने छोड़ दी शिक्षक पात्रता की परीक्षा पटना. बिजली कंपनी बिहार स्टेट पावर (होल्डिंग) कंपनी लिमिटेड (बीएसपीसीएल) में सहायक विद्युत अभियंता और सहायक अभियंता सिविल की नियुक्ति के लिए आवेदन अब नौ अप्रैल तक किये जायेंगे. गेट के स्कोर पर होने वाली यह नियुक्ति बीएसपीसीएल और इसकी सहायक कंपनियों में होनी है. इंडोनेशिया के एक रेस्टोरेंट में न सिर्फ़ बैठने के लिए, बल्कि डिश सर्व करने के लिए भी टॉयलेट सीट ही उपयोग किया जाता है। सूत्रों ने बताया सुरक्षा बलों ने पत्थरबाजी कर रहे प्रदर्शनकारियों को तितरबितर करने के लिए लाठीचार्ज किया। बाद</s> |
The tree that carries 40 different kinds of fruit and 40 shades of blossoms!
Most of the year, it looks pretty ordinary, but in the spring it becomes quite a sight - the tree blossoms display various tones of pink, crimson, and white.
Then, from July through October, it bears 40 different types of stone fruit, including almonds, apricots, cherries, nectarines, peaches, and plums.
So far, 16 of these trees have been grown, each taking about five years.
Primarily composed of native and antique varieties the Tree of 40 Fruit are a form of conservation, preserving heirloom stone fruit varieties that are not commercially produced or available.
Project by Sam van Aken |
जैसे माधुरी ने किया था। म्यूजिक और डांसिंग का शौक रखने वाली सनी लियोन हमेशा माधुरी के गानों को सुनती हैं और उनके स्टेप्स को कॉपी करने की कोशिश करती हैं। 14 साल से फरार रेप के आरोपी को पुलिस ने कोटा से गिफ्तार किया है। उसे कोर्ट में पेश कर जेल भेज दिया गया। इस कारण अनिवार्य सेवानिवृत्ति के दायरे में आने वाले पुलिसकर्मियों की संख्या ज्यादा होने की संभावना नहीं है। यूपीपीसीएल अकाउंट ऑफिसर भर्ती परीक्षा 200 अंकों की होगी. इस परीक्षा में भी 200 ऑब्जेक्टिव प्रश्न पूछे जाएंगे. परीक्षा के लिए 3 घंटे का समय निर्धारित है. प्रत्येक सही उत्तर के लिए 1 अंक मिलेगा और गलत उत्तर उत्तर के लिए चौथाई अंक काट लिया जाएगा. जो कैंडिडेट्स यूपीपीसीएल अकाउंट ऑफिसर लिखित परीक्षा 2021 में पास होंगें उन्हें इंटरव्यू के लिए बुलाया जाएगा. इंटरव्यू 25 अंकों का होगा. इसके लिए फाइनल मेरिट लिखित परीक्षा व इंटरव्यू में प्राप्त मार्क्स के आधार पर बनेगी. सौरभ दांगी पुत्र कप्तान सिंह सुल्तानपुर हटाना गांव का रहने वाला है। मंगलवार को शाम के समय वह गांव में ही बीयर के ठेके पर आए मेहमानों के लिए बीयर लेने गया । इसी दौरान खेड़ाइस्लामपुर के अंकुर और विवेक पुत्र बिजेंद्र वहां बीयर</s> |
उन्हें सिंहस्थ तक उज्जैन में ही रहने की अनुमति दे दी। इसके बाद उन्हें स्थगित हो चुके घोड़ाडोंगरी उपचुनाव के लिए यहीं जमाने रखने के प्रबंध कर दिए गए हैं। इस उपचुनाव में सुहास नहीं बल्कि मेनन रणनीति तैयार करेंगे और प्रत्याशी चयन में भूमिका निभाएंगे। पुलिस प्रवक्ता ने यह भी कहा कि आतंकवादियों द्वारा अंधाधुंध गोलीबारी में सीआरपीएफ और सेना का एकएक जवान और दो नागरिक घायल हो गए. सुशांत ने अपने छोटे से करियर में कई बेहतरीन फिल्मों में काम किया था। सुशांत की एक्टिंग को फैंस कभी नहीं भूल पाएंगे। आइए सुशांत के करियर की 5 बेहतरीन फिल्मों से रूबरू करवाते हैं। ऊपर बताए गए दो नतीजों के बीच इक्विटी बाजारों के लिए कौन बेहतर है, खासतौर से उभरते बाजारों के इक्विटी बाजारों के लिए? प्रत्येक बाजार चक्र में इक्विटी के लिए एक अनुकूल दौर होता है, जैसा कि अभी देखने को मिल रहा है। ये चक्र आमतौर पर केंद्रीय बैंक की सख्ती के साथ खत्म होते हैं। बीफार्मा के बाद भी फार्मासिस्ट बन सकती हैं। बीफार्मा के बाद प्राइवेट जॉब मिलेगी। बीएससी फिजियोथेरेपी भी बढिय़ा रहेगी। तीन साल में अपना क्लीनिक खोल सकती हैं। कंपनी ने शहर में कोरोनावायरस संक्रमण के खिलाफ मैदान में डटे स्वास्थ्य</s> |
एक अमीर मराठा परिवार से थे। परिवार के सदस्य सत्यशोधक समाज से ताल्लुक रखते थे, और २०वीं शताब्दी के शुरुआती हिस्सों में समाज की गतिविधियों में सक्रिय भूमिका निभाते थे। परिवार ने मुख्य रूप से अपने स्वामित्व वाली पीतल की फैक्ट्री स्थापित की। कारखाना जेधे के सबसे बड़े भाई द्वारा चलाया जाता था, उनके एक भाई बाबूराव गैरब्राह्मण आंदोलन में सक्रिय थे, जबकि केशवराव सत्यशोधक समाज में सक्रिय थे। बाबूराव वास्तव में कोल्हापुर रियासत के शासक शाहू के करीबी सहयोगी माने जाते थे। सत्यशोधक समाज और गैरब्राह्मण पार्टी 1922 में शाहू महाराज की मृत्यु के बाद, जेधे ने गैरब्राह्मण पार्टी और सत्यशोधक समाज के बैनर तले पुणे और आसपास के क्षेत्रों में गैरब्राह्मण समुदायों का नेतृत्व संभाला। जेधे और उनके सहयोगियों का लक्ष्य ब्राह्मण वर्चस्व को एकत्र करना था। जेधे ने कांग्रेस पार्टी में विलय होने तक नेतृत्व किया। अपने जीवन के बारह वर्ष एनबीएम के लिए बिताए। इस अवधि के दौरान, उन्होंने एनबीएम के लिए पुणे नगर पालिका के सदस्य के रूप में कार्य किया। उन्होंने दलित नेता, डॉ अम्बेडकर द्वारा आयोजित समानता और अस्पृश्यता उन्मूलन अभियानों में भी भाग लिया 1930 के दशक तक, महात्मा गांधी के नेतृत्व में कांग्रेस पार्टी के जन आंदोलन की प्रकृति को देखते</s> |
- Cockroaches love the glue on envelopes, the glue bindings at the backs of books and the glue on the back of postage stamps. It’s a food source!
- A cockroach can hold it's breath for up to 40 minutes.
- Some female cockroaches mate once and are pregnant for the rest of their lives
- Cockroaches rest for approximately 75% of each day.
- Young cockroaches only need a crack about 0.5mm wide to crawl into your house. Adult males can squeeze into a space of 1.6mm.
- Cockroach can live for up to a month, without its head.
- Most species come from tropical countries and therefore need to be kept at a minimum of 25 degrees centigrade to survive.
- Cockroaches can run up to 3km/hr (0.8 m/s).
General Manager - Staff Entomologist |
वालों की संपत्तियां जब्त होंगी हिंदी न्यूज़ उत्तर प्रदेश हापुड़ पंचायत चुनाव में लगी हापुड़ डिपो की 25 बसें नक्सली पुनर्वास नीति के तहत दो महिलाओं को दिया गया आर्थिक लाभ नईदिल्ली। भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के वृद्धि दर के अनुमान में एशियाई विकास बैंक ने इस वित्त वर्ष में में भारी कटौती की है। जो सरकार के लिए चिंता का विषय है, ने कहा है कि वित्त वर्ष 201920 में भारत के सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में बढ़त 5.2 फीसदी ही हो सकती है। इसके पहले एडीबी ने जीडीपी बढ़त 6.5 फीसदी रहने का सितंबर महीने में अनुमान जारी किया था। बीकानेर में कोरोना:मुरलीधर व्यास नगर, बड़ा बाजार और गंगाशहर में फिर मिले कोरोना पॉजिटिव, सावधानी हटते ही लगा झटका महंगे कपड़े, लगता है संपन्ना परिवार की हैं बेटी नई दिल्ली, जेएनएन। मुंबई इंडियंस के तूफानी ऑलराउंडर हार्दिक पांड्या ने आइपीएल 2020 के 45वें मैच में राजस्थान रॉयल्स के खिलाफ 21 गेंदों पर नाबाद 60 रन की तूफानी पारी खेली। उन्होंने अपनी पारी में 7 छक्के व 2 चौके लगाए। उनकी इस पारी के दम पर मुंबई इंडियंस ने राजस्थान के खिलाफ पहले बल्लेबाजी करते हुए 20 ओवर में 5 विकेट पर 195 रन बना डाले। मुंबई इंडियंस की तरफ से आइपीएल</s> |
गए गाने दिलबर दिलबर के रीमेक पर डांस का तड़का लगाने वाली एक्ट्रेस नोरा फतेही को कौन नहीं जानता। नोरा ने इस गाने में न केवल गजब का डांस किया बल्कि अपने सेक्सी डांस से मानों तहलका ही मचा दिया। नोरा ने इस गाने के अलावा कथित तौर पर एक्स ब्वॉयफ्रेंड अंगद बेदी के सवाल पर जवाब ने काफी सुर्खियां बटोरी थी। वहीं अब नोरा को उनके एक्स ब्वॉयफ्रेंड ने करारा जवाब दिया है। बाहर से आने वाले कम से कम 5 दिन घर पर रहें ट्रंप की एक झलक देखने के लिए रोड शो मार्ग के किनारे स्थित हाउसिंग सोसायटी के निवासी सुबह से खड़े थे. जिलेभर में बुधवार का राष्ट्रीय विधिक सेवा दिवस का किया आयोजन, न्यायाधीशों ने दी न्याय की जानकारी इस काम में मुख्यत: पांच विभागों की भागीदारी होती है। ऊर्जा प्रबंधन के साथसाथ गैस सेफ्टी, फायर बिग्रेड, संबंधित विभाग जिसके क्षेत्र में काम होना है और मेडिकल की टीम की। जॉब प्रोटोकॉल के तहत समन्वय बनाकर काम करना होता है। काम शुरू करने से पहले हर विभाग और टीम के सदस्यों की जिम्मेवारी तय होती है। 18. पेट का भारीपन करता है दूर: भूख बढ़ाने में भी एक गिलास गर्म पानी बहुत उपयोगी है। एक</s> |
मौत को गले लगाने की बात लिखी है। फिलहाल वह डीटीसी में कॉन्ट्रैक्ट पर ड्राइवर थे। दोपहर 12 बजे मेट्रो स्टेशन पर लंबी कतार लगी थी। इसी दौरान अचानक एग्जीक्यूटिव ने टोकन देने बंद कर दिए। यात्रियों को बताया गया कि टोकन खत्म हो गए हैं। रणदीप अपने रोल के साथ एक्सपेरिमेंट करने के जाने जाते हैं। बता दें कि उन्होंने फिल्म सरबजीत के लिए 25 दिन में अपना 18 किलो वजन कम किया था। इस फिल्म के लिए उन्होंने कार्बोहाइड्रेट खाना बंद कर दिया था। गोरखपुर, जेएनएन। रंगकर्म से जुड़े गोरखपुर के युवाओं की एक टीम नाटकों को अधिक से अधिक लोगों तक पहुंचाने के लिए एक अभिनव प्रयोग करने जा रही है। टीम ने सिल्वर स्क्रीन यानी बड़े पर्दे पर नाटकों की प्रस्तुति की योजना बनाई है। मशहूर रंगकर्मी मानवेंद्र त्रिपाठी द्वारा निर्देशित हास्य नाटक सैयां भए कोतवाल से इसकी शुरुआत होगी। इसका प्रदर्शन 15 दिसंबर को शहर के एडी सिनेमा में शाम पांच से सात बजे तक होगा। टीम का दावा है कि देश में पहली बार किसी नाटक का बड़े पर्दे पर प्रदर्शन होगा। यह निश्शुल्क दिखाया जाएगा। कोरेाना वायरस की मौतों को लेकर दिल्ली सरकार और एमसीडी के आंकड़ों में अंतर को लेकर संयुक्त सचिव</s> |
Students involved in this course will explore animation creation, simple programming, and basic web design through free tools you can continue to use at home. During this Animator Academy event, there will be some group instruction in the beginning. Students will create an animated story about themselves to share with others. There will be one-on-one instruction and each child will create their own project.
The primary tool used for these classes will be Scratch, a programming language developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) that makes it easy and fun to create your own interactive stories, animations, games, music, and art. The Scratch website explains that "as young people create and share Scratch projects, they learn important mathematical and computational ideas, while also learning to think creatively, reason systematically, and work collaboratively."
Check out our upcoming events page. |
Freedom of expression is one of the essential foundations of the European Union. But freedom of expression can only be exercised in a free and pluralistic media environment, including through independent media governance.
The European Union's commitment to respect freedom and pluralism of the media, as well as the right to information and freedom of expression is enshrined in Article 11 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, similar to the provision of Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
On 26 November 2013, the Council of the European Union and the representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council, adopted conclusions on media freedom and pluralism in the digital environment.
In those conclusions, the Council invites the Commission to: |
Here are some reports from the teachers of each of our Humanities classes for the first two weeks of the Program. We have organized them by class:
Freshmen Humanities (Ms. Kristen Harrell, Instructor)
On Monday, we began classes by discussing the Latin phrase on their t-shirts and what that meant in the context of this class and the program. This led into what the Latin and Greek languages were/are and why they were important to Western Civilization. They were given a Greek alphabet sheet as well as a list of ancient Greek names and their meanings. Their homework for the next few days was to choose a name from that list to be their own for the class. This usually leads to a discussion on etymology and the understanding of English words with Greek roots. I also gave them a cheat sheet of sorts that they can use for their cursive handwriting. I have been tremendously proud of them and have told them that they have better handwriting than my high school students.
Also this week, we delved into the pre-Greek culture; the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. We discussed their beliefs their structures and inferred a great deal about their lives by looking at the ruins and artifacts from the palace complex of Knossos. They understood that with a lack of written history, understanding archeology and art history can help fill in the gaps.
The Greek ‘middle ages’ discussion was dominated by the Iliad and the Odyssey and how that sets a standard for any epic tale or journey story for the western world even into modern society. We discussed the Greek hero and what were considered the most desirable traits for a Greek. They agreed that it was different from today’s standards. I quizzed them over this material with an Open Notes Quiz and was able to gauge their progress in composition with a free response worksheet. We finished the week by watching excerpts from the miniseries, “The Odyssey”, and discussing everything from its accuracy, the set design, to the ‘Hollywood’ changes.
We began the week by talking about the importance and the evolution of the polis. How did this change Greek society? How did the polis rise up in importance? The students also analyzed some archaeological evidence. We also had a test over the first week’s material of which I was very pleased, though some of the students might not be. Next, we delved into the ancient Greeks viewed religion and how it differs from modern concepts of religion. These discussions led us into the polytheism of the Greeks; what we know today as Greek mythology. Of course, most of the student adored this part of the lesson.
For the second half of the week, we talked about the colonization of the Greeks in the Mediterranean and its difference from European mercantilism. The students loved our discussion over the polis of Sparta and how the Spartans fear and paranoia led to their military state. We also looked at history in Hollywood and how the subject fares in the medium of cinema. For homework they were asked to answer four critical thinking questions/prompts concerning Sparta.
Humanities Two (Mr. Cody Magee, Instructor)
This week we set foundations for the course, discussed Utopia as an ideal and how that ideal fails when applied in real life. We read some short stories in the genre and discussed matters of justice and morality. We also discussed the historical context of the stories and how literature can serve as the window into studying any one time or period.
This week we worked on more dystopian literature. We finished reading the second part of Fahrenheit 451, as well as two short stories. We discussed some parallels between these “future worlds” and our own. Finally, we continued applying some of the issues regarding equality, freedom, social justice, and civics as we moved forward to begin designing our own utopia.
Humanities Three (Mr. Avee Chaudhuri, Instructor)
Class began in earnest on Tuesday when we discussed dystopia and utopia within the context of the “GPGC Canon.” The students talked about the texts they’ve read during previous summers: Brave New World, Fahrenheit 451, and The Giver, and how these books have helped inform their understanding of real-world dictatorships and totalitarian states. As usual, the students are able to discuss grave subjects in a very mature, intelligent, incisive and often humorous manner. On Wednesday, students received their copies of 1984 and we discussed the historical backdrop against which Orwell wrote both 1984 and Animal Farm. We also talked more generally about why speculative dystopian fiction remains so popular in the West. On Thursday, we discussed the first four chapters of 1984. Popular topics from that discussion include the idea of conformity, surveillance, and whether our society, like Oceania’s, has become too desensitized to violence and human suffering (the students say “no”). On Friday, students presented on Donald Barthelme’s “I Bought a Little City.”
The students spent Monday finishing their individual presentations on “I Bought A Little City” by Donald Barthelme. Tuesday through Thursday were devoted to class discussion on 1984. These discussions are going well, although I’ve had to remind the class about providing textual evidence to support their comments about the novel. Recurring topics were the psychosexual development of Winston and Julia, Julia’s hedonism, competing epistemological philosophies and their relevance to a totalitarian state, and the relationship between language and thought. On Friday, we held a show trial or kangaroo court in class. I do this to demonstrate how arbitrary and absurd justice can be in a singleminded, totalitarian state. We tried Bronson Jordan for several heinous crimes, including murdering a Papa John’s delivery man, slapping a fellow student, stealing brain bucks, and using his editorial position on The Thinker to embarrass GPGC teachers. Naturally, he claims to be innocent. We will wrap up our discussion of 1984 next week and the students will sit for an essay exam on 1984 on Thursday or Friday. |
McIntosh, RR and Goldsworthy, SD and Shaughnessy, PD and Kennedy, CW and Burch, P, Estimating pup production in a mammal with an extended and aseasonal breeding season, the Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea), Wildlife Research, 39, (2) pp. 137-148. ISSN 1035-3712 (2012) [Refereed Article]
Copyright 2012 CSIRO
Aims: Our aims were to obtain representative and repeatable estimates of pup production and to assess the current rate of decline.
Methods: We compared four estimates of pup abundance over five breeding seasons (2002–03, 2004, 2005–06, 2007, 2008–09), including the count of cumulative new births, the maximum live-pup count, the number of pups given passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and mark–recapture methods using the Petersen estimate.
Key results: A total of 90% of pup births occurred over a mean of 124 days (s.d. = 14). Final estimates of pup production (from the largest of the four estimation methods used) in the five seasons were 227 (CL 221–239), 288 (CL 273–302), 219 (NA), 260 (CL 254–272) and 268 (CL 268–269). The average estimate of pup mortality was 28.6% (s.d. = 6.3%). The decline in the population at Seal Bay over 17 breeding seasons on the basis of maximum counts of live pups was 0.51% per year or 0.76% per breeding season. However, this trend was not based on best estimates of pup production. On the basis of final estimates for the last five breeding seasons, there is no declining trend.
Conclusions: The count of cumulative new births was the most reliable measure of pup production; the Petersen mark–recapture estimate provided a check for accuracy and confidence limits about the estimate.
Implications: The actual rate of change and the expected trajectory of the Seal Bay population remain uncertain. Ongoing monitoring is a priority for this site, using the reliable methods of estimating pup production identified in the present study.
|Item Type:||Refereed Article|
|Research Division:||Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences|
|Research Group:||Fisheries Sciences|
|Research Field:||Aquatic Ecosystem Studies and Stock Assessment|
|Objective Group:||Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity|
|Objective Field:||Marine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity|
|Author:||Burch, P (Dr Paul Burch)|
|Web of Science® Times Cited:||10|
|Deposited By:||Sustainable Marine Research Collaboration|
Repository Staff Only: item control page |
भूगर्भ संरक्षण अधिकारी शामिल किए गए हैं। बिहार में बाढ़ से अब तक 22 लोगों की मौत, 17.85 लाख लोग प्रभावित सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने अपने आदेश में कहा था कि दूरसंचार सेवा प्रदाता कंपनी वोडाफोन को वर्ष 2007 में हच एस्सार का अधिग्रहण करने के लिए अब कर नहीं चुकाना होगा। सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट के उस फैसले को निरस्त कर दिया था, जिसमें उच्च न्यायालय ने वोडाफोन को 11,218 करोड़ रुपये कर चुकाने का निर्देश दिया था। पर ध्यान रहे कि अपने के के अनुसार ही करें. जैसे आपका पर है तो आप , , का कर सकते हैं. या फिर अगर आपका पर है तो आप या के को कर सकते हैं. से पैसे कमाने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका है. बहुत सारे ऐसे होते हैं जो को करते हैं. आपको उन में बनाना होता है. और फिर किसी भी का करके अपने में कर देना होता है. जब आपके पर हजारों की संख्या में हो जायेंगे तो बहुत सारे और अपने या के के लिए आपसे करेंगे. और बदले में आपको अच्छे पैसे देंगे. जब भी में कोई होती है तो वह के लिए के साथ साथ से भी करते हैं जिससे उनके को अधिक से</s> |
As Primary leaders and teachers work to improve learning and teaching in the lives of those they serve, they consider the opportunity they have not only to influence children but also to learn from children as they embark on the covenant path.
Teaching in the Savior’s Way
“All thy children shall be taught of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children” (3 Nephi 22:13).
Reflecting on the Savior’s example
To help leaders and teachers prepare their hearts for this training, read the following paragraph:
“Reflect for a moment on what you know about the Savior. Can you see Him in your mind—with His disciples gathered around Him? Can you see Him teaching the multitudes beside the Sea of Galilee or speaking personally to the woman at the well? What do you notice about His way of teaching and leading? How did He help others learn, grow spiritually, and become converted to His gospel?” (“Teaching in the Savior’s Way”).
What were your thoughts as you pondered these questions?
“[Jesus] took their little children, one by one, and blessed them, and prayed unto the Father for them” (3 Nephi 17:21).
- “Teaching Children,” Teaching, No Greater Call: A Resource Guide for Gospel Teaching (1999), 108
- “Age Characteristics of Children,” Teaching, No Greater Call, 110
Following the Savior’s example
Divide participants into small groups. Assign each group one or more of the following paragraphs, which are taken from “Teaching in the Savior’s Way” in the Come, Follow Me training materials. Invite the groups to discuss how their assigned paragraphs apply in their efforts to teach children. As they do so, ask them to share related scriptures and personal experiences. Then ask each group to share what they have discussed.
“He loved them, prayed for them, and continually served them. He found opportunities to be with them and to express His love. He knew their interests, hopes, and desires and what was happening in their lives.
“He knew who they were and who they could become. He found unique ways to help them learn and grow—ways meant just for them. When they struggled, He did not give up on them but continued to love them and minister to them.
“He prepared Himself to teach by spending time alone in prayer and fasting. In daily, private moments, He sought His Heavenly Father’s guidance.
“He used the scriptures to teach and testify about His mission. He taught people to think about scriptures for themselves and use them to find answers to their own questions. Their hearts burned within them as He taught the word of God with power and authority, and they knew for themselves that the scriptures are true.
“He shared simple stories, parables, and real-life examples that made sense to them. He helped them discover gospel lessons in their own experiences and in the world around them. He spoke of fishing, of childbirth, of working in the fields. To teach about watching over each other, He told stories about rescuing lost sheep. To teach His disciples to trust Heavenly Father’s tender care, He urged them to ‘consider the lilies of the field.’
“He asked questions that caused them to think and feel deeply. He was sincerely interested in their answers and rejoiced in their expressions of faith. He gave them opportunities to ask their own questions and share their own insights, and He responded to their questions and listened to their experiences. Because of His love, they felt safe sharing their thoughts and personal feelings.
“He invited them to testify, and as they did, the Spirit touched their hearts. ‘Whom say ye that I am?’ He asked. As Peter responded, his testimony was strengthened: ‘Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.’
“He trusted them, prepared them, and gave them important responsibilities to teach, bless, and serve others. ‘Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature,’ He charged them. His purpose was to help them become converted through their service to others.
“He invited them to act in faith and live the truths He taught. In all His teaching, He focused on helping His followers live the gospel with all their hearts. To accomplish this, He found opportunities for them to learn through powerful experiences. When He appeared to the Nephites, He invited them to come to Him one by one, that they might see, feel, and know Him for themselves. When He sensed that they did not fully understand His message, He invited them to go home and prepare themselves to come back and learn more.
“In every setting, He was their example and mentor. He taught them to pray by praying with them. He taught them to love and serve by the way He loved and served them. He taught them how to teach His gospel by the way He taught it.”
Show the video “My Joy Is Full.” Then ask:
- What additional principles did you learn about the Savior as you watched this video? How can we follow His example?
“This … is your sacred calling—to teach as the Savior taught. As you do, the [children] will give place in their hearts for the seed of the gospel to be planted, to swell, and to grow. This will lead to conversion—the ultimate goal of your teaching” (“Teaching in the Savior’s Way”).
“A teacher’s goal is greater than just delivering a lecture about truth. It is to invite the Spirit and use techniques that will enhance the possibility that the learner will discover truth [and] be motivated to apply it” (Virginia H. Pearce, in Teaching, No Greater Call, 61).
- Videos: “My Joy Is Full” (4:05) and “The Blessings of Participation” (1:36)
- “Learning and Teaching in the Home and the Church”
Invite participants to personalize each principle they have discussed. For example, using the principles listed above, a participant would say, “I love the children I teach, I know who they are, I prepare myself to teach, I use the scriptures,” and so on.
- What have you felt and learned during this training that will help you as a parent, teacher, and leader?
Return to the 2014 Annual Training main page. |
In This Article
Long back, CMOs used to be not fluent in metrics,analytics and sheet presentations. The online thingy made marketing.
The net has made advertising and marketing a long way extra measurable (and therefore extra responsible to the CEO) than ever earlier than. However CMOs struggle to locate the right metrics a good way to get them credibility, and showhow advertising contributes to the lowest line.
Marketing Metrics are a key indicator of how well your marketing efforts for your individual product or service are delivering. To put it in a simple manner, marketing metrics are a method to research your attempt vs effects in a qualitative and quantitative way enabling you to make decisions for improving productivity as well as profitability.
Metrics are the foundation for any successful marketing strategy, but most companies fail to use many of these important metrics to calculate success or failure. Mostly, companies focus closely at the quantity of latest leads generated, which ignores many of the complicated formulas which could determine the authentic achievement of any marketing approach.
Not everyone does and those that do sometimes measure the wrong things.Marketers are in a revolving cycle of constant change and flux. With the increasing number of marketing options and strategies, companies and marketers need to stay ahead of their competition. To help formulate a powerful approach, it’s far imperative that you recognize these critical metrics and their formulas.
Apparently important things such as leads and revenue sales are vital, but they’re quite regularly only a measure of what is and no longer an accurate degree of what can be or, possibly greater importantly, what’s causing it.
Until you can grasp the things that impact your organization’s true health you’ll be stuck treating symptoms instead of treating the disease.
There are many ways to grow a business, including injecting lots of money into the generation of awareness and interest, but the most profitable way to grow a business is to take what it does well and grow organically through the base of your success.
There are numerous ways to uplift and grow your business, which includes injecting masses of cash into the generation of awareness and interest, however the most profitable way to grow a business is to take what it does well and develop organically through the bottom of your success.
The different type of marketing metrics are as follows:
To learn more about all these metrics in details download :
The number of marketing metrics are not limited to only the above mentioned list. There are many other metrics which are useful. But knowing the above mentioned ones is a must for any startup or company.
To really know if your marketing is effective, you need to know whether or not your customers interacted with your marketing at any point during their journey through your sales process. To determine that, your marketing influenced customer percentage can be a crucial data point.
With this metric, we’re looking to find out the percentage of overall customers who were influenced by marketing at any point in the sales process. The marketing influenced percentage figure helps to determine your marketing performance and spending impact on your overall Customer Aqcuistion Cost (CAC).
To determine a marketing influence percentage, take the number of new customers your company accrued in any given time period, and divide this total number of customers by the number of customers who were influenced by marketing within the same time period.
If you have good lead tracking in place, the formula to find marketing influenced customer percentage is easy:
As an example: if you had 1000 new customers in a month, and 700 of them interacted with your marketing in some way, your marketing influenced customer’s percentage would be 70%.
In order for this percentage to be meaningful, you need to ensure that your business actually has mechanisms in place to track and record your customer interaction with your marketing.
Regular campaign monitoring and reporting, matched with customer surveys or feedback where applicable, helps to build marketing interaction data. Tracking and understanding data helps keep marketing activity relevant and thus provide better bottom line impact.
As marketers, we track so many different factors that we can lose focus on the most important ones. Remember that no metric is the final answer in terms of marketing success.
It’s always important to view the big picture when making big decisions. But knowing which metrics best translate into business language and reporting can help you break down the most relevant and impactful marketing metrics.
Amol has helped catalyse business growth with his strategic & data-driven methodologies. With a decade of experience in the field of marketing, he has donned multiple hats, from channel optimization, data analytics and creative brand positioning to growth engineering and sales.
In This Article |
Our brains are wired to recollect tales. They assist us make sense of the world and is usually a highly effective device for speaking with others. We inform tales day-after-day, however generally, with regards to advertising and gross sales, we overlook the elemental human nature of studying by way of storytelling.
Metaphors and analogies are straightforward and efficient methods to unlock the ability of storytelling. They assist details morph into compelling narratives by connecting a brand new idea to a well-known one, capitalizing on the human mind’s knack for recognizing patterns and drawing connections.
Metaphors and analogies can convey merchandise to life as a result of they act like inventive shortcuts for purchasers’ brains, making it simpler for them to make the soar from their present wants and challenges to the way you resolve them as a result of introducing new or advanced concepts in a well-known gentle. Like how having outdated mates introduce you to new mates makes that connection simpler.
- Evoke feelings: Metaphors and analogies faucet into feelings that specific descriptions can not, rising your product’s enchantment.
- Spotlight advantages: They assist individuals tangibly visualize the advantages of your product. As an illustration, likening a vacuum cleaner’s suction to a “black gap for mud and filth” paints a vivid image of its effectiveness.
- Differentiate your self: A putting metaphor or analogy can set your product aside in a crowded market, highlighting distinctive options in a memorable manner.
- Simplify advanced concepts: For merchandise based mostly on superior know-how or tough ideas, metaphors, and analogies make it extra accessible to the common client.
Metaphors and analogies may also be instrumental in aligning messaging and positioning internally. They assist create a unified understanding throughout the crew and guarantee everyone seems to be on the identical web page. Alignment shouldn’t be static; it’s iterative and consistently evolving — as does storytelling — to match market shifts and buyer wants.
And as with all messaging, positioning, and content material technique, your use of metaphors and analogies must also have common enchantment and align with inclusive finest practices in order that nobody feels ignored of the narrative.
- Common: Lean into metaphors and analogies which have world enchantment and draw from shared human experiences. The goal is to attach with numerous audiences, making everybody really feel included within the dialog.
- Inclusive: Keep away from metaphors that would inadvertently reinforce stereotypes or exclusivity. Our language can form perceptions, so go for metaphors that commemorate range and inclusivity.
*Okay, that one is a simile.
Our brains are naturally tuned to know and keep in mind tales, making metaphors and analogies highly effective instruments in product advertising and inside alignment. Keep in mind, storytelling is not only about being heard; it’s about being remembered. And with the best metaphors and analogies, your message will stick. |
लेकिन दूसरे मैच में जापान ने उन्हें 20 से मात दी थी। परिवार के साथ गांव वाले स्कूल पहुंचे। कमरे को खोलकर लाश को नीचे उतरा गया। परिवार वाले पुलिस को इंफार्म किये बिना डेडबॉडी घर ले आये। बाद में किसी ने कहा कि पुलिस को न बताना महंगा पड़ सकता है तब परिवार वालों ने पुलिस को जानकारी दी। पुलिस ने घर पहुंच बॉडी अपने कब्जे में ले ली। हालांकि फैमिली वाले पोस्टमार्टम कराने के मूड में नहीं थे लेकिन पुलिस के आगे उनकी एक न चली। आर्थिक खस्ताहाली से जूझ रही किफायती विमानन सेवा कंपनी स्पाइसजेट ने 31 मार्च को समाप्त वित्त वर्ष की अंतिम तिमाही में पिछले लगातार छह तिमाहियों के घाटे से उबरकर 22.52 करोड़ रुपए का शुद्ध मुनाफा कमाया है जबकि इसके पिछले वित्त वर्ष की समान तिमाही में उसे 321.51 करोड़ रुपए का नुकसान हुआ था। रोहित शर्मा ने पिछला अंतरराष्ट्रीय टी20 मैच फरवरी 2020 में न्यूजीलैंड के खिलाफ खेला था. एक साफ पैड या डायपर का उपयोग करें, इसे पानी में भिगोएँ और इसका इस्तेमाल करते हुए, अपने अंदरूनी भागों में काउंटर प्रेशर की तरह लगाएं। स्मार्ट शहर कम करेंगे बड़े शहरों का बोझ हिंदी न्यूज़ बिहार गया आचार संहिता के कारण नगर</s> |
What Is Support?
What are support payments?
Support payments are payments made to a parent or other custodian of a child for necessities such as food, medical bills, education expenses, health insurance and day care.
Who has a duty to support?
The natural or adoptive mother and father of a child. Grandparents of a child born to parents either or both of whom are unmarried and less than 18 years of age may also have a duty to support.
How Long Does Support Last?
Normally, until a child reaches the age of 18. The court must issue an order to stop the support. If the child needs to finish their education or is handicapped, support may be ordered past age 18.
How Do You Get Support?
Where do you file for support?
The Family Court in the county where the parent from whom you are seeking support lives.
What if the parent lives outside SC?
You can go to the Department of Social Services’ child support division in your area, and it will work with the courts in the other state. Take all your court papers when you go to the office.
What if you get Family Independence (TANF)?
If you receive welfare (Family Independence or TANF) for your child, you must seek support from the other parent through DSS. A DSS attorney will file a lawsuit seeking support from the absent parent.
Can DSS Help you if you don’t get TANF?
Yes. For information, call the central state office of the Child Support Enforcement Division, a division of DSS, at (803)898-9210. This office can help answer your questions about child support, and can refer you to the correct office if you need further help.
How is the amount of support decided?
The court must use the South Carolina Child Support Guidelines, or state in writing the reasons it is ordering a different amount. The Guidelines include both parents’ incomes in setting child support awards. The income includes all money from wages, but does not include income of other family members or benefits such as Family Independence, SSI and food stamps. If a parent is voluntarily unemployed or underemployed, the court may order child support based on the income that parent could earn.
What if the parent has other children to support?
Parents must support all of their children. In setting the amount of support, the court will consider the child support a parent is actually paying for the benefit of other children because of an earlier court order. The court will also consider other children living in the home of either parent that the parent has a legal responsibility to support.
How will the court know what income and expenses the parents have?
The court requires both parents to fill out a financial declaration which shows all income and expenses. Keep copies of bills, paycheck stubs, and income tax records. Learn as much as you can about the other parent’s finances.
Can I ask for help with health insurance and child day care payments?
Yes. Provisions for health insurance coverage, division of noncovered expenses, and day care payments can be included in the order for child support.
Can The Support Amount Be Changed?
Yes. The court can increase, decrease, or end support if there has been a sizeable change of circumstances. You will need to get a lawyer to take the support matter back to court to show why it should be changed.
What happens if support is not paid?
If payments are made directly to the caretaker parent, then that parent should see a lawyer. If payments are made through the court, the clerk of court requires the person who is behind in their payments to come to Family Court to explain why the payments are behind and to catch up. Family court judges can find the parent in contempt of court if support is not paid. This means the parent can be put in jail or required to pay a fine or both. The court can also order support to be taken from the parent’s pay check. Sometimes the Child Support Enforcement Division can help without going to court, using an administrative process.
What if the parent moves to try to avoid paying?
The Department of Social Services’ parent locator system can find workers through their social security numbers.
Can I ask the court to take money out of the parent’s wages?
Yes, most of the time this is how support is ordered by the judge.
Can a parent’s tax refund check be withheld to pay back support?
Yes, if DSS is collecting the support.
What should a parent do if he/she is brought to court for not paying?
Take with you as much of the money that you owe as you can. If you have not been paying because you are out of a job through no fault of your own, you need to get a statement from your former employer, showing that you did not quit your job. If you have not been paying because of a physical disability, you need to get a doctor’s statement explaining when your disability occurred, the nature of the disability, and how long you will be out of work because of the disability. Try to have a plan for catching up with the unpaid support.
Can a parent receiving child support waive or excuse back child support payments?
No, unless the family court changes the support order.
Do support obligations continue when the nonpaying parent is in jail?
Yes, unless the Family Court changes the support order.
What if a man denies that he is the father of an unmarried woman’s child?
The mother or custodian has to prove to the family court that he is the father. The family court may order blood tests.
May parents visit with their children if they are behind on support?
Yes. Visitation and support are two separate issues.
If there is a lot of visitation, can it affect the amount of support?
Yes, if a parent has court-ordered visitation with the children overnight for more than 109 overnights each year, there may be a reduction in child support payments. |
College of Science
Rev. John Cardinal O'Hara, C.S.C Professor of Mathematics
Claudia Polini remembers a time when her mother, a teacher, would prepare for class and Polini would answer the mathematics questions in the lesson plan. She was only 3 or 4 years old.
The fire that was lit inside Polini as a child growing up in Italy later turned into a career in mathematics with a focus on commutative algebra and its interactions with algebraic geometry. She uncovers the properties of systems of polynomial equations associated with complex shapes in multiple dimensions. These findings have applications in robotics, statistics and 3D design imaging, for instance.
It’s work in which Polini is passionate. Every problem solved or theorem proved is a personal joy.
“I believe the way the world works and the universe works is written in the mathematical language, which is the same belief that Galileo had. This is a language God gave us, and it is very important,” Polini says. “It’s like a puzzle to me. You’re looking for a truth. Mathematics is absolute. When you’ve proven something, you’ve really proven it. You’ve found a truth. Unlike other sciences where a new experiment or a new technology can destroy the belief of a generation, mathematical proofs withstand the passing of time. There is an immortality in mathematics that distinguishes it from other subjects. We still study in middle school or high school the mathematics discovered by the ancient Greeks more than 2,000 years ago.”
Though she was good at mathematics, it usually takes more than skill for individuals to excel in the field. Polini succeeded, she believes, because her success bred excitement — a flame that was nurtured by her parents. Thus began a cycle in which success and enthusiasm built on each other. They are the building blocks she’s laid for her own daughters, who are working toward careers in STEM fields, and the foundation she hopes to see more girls and young women experience.
“It’s about role models. That is what is lacking so much. We don’t have enough role models. The encouragement is very important. To do mathematics and to do science, you have to be very assertive,” Polini says.
“There is always this idea that women are not talented in mathematics or science, and that it is not feminine to excel in those fields. It’s a stereotype. They don’t get so much encouragement to do math or succeed in math. It self-propagates. There is this need to feel good at it in order to go on with it.”
Polini didn’t feel the biases against women in math or science until she was in graduate school, by which time she wasn’t going to let those pressures stop her. Her career did come at a cost, however. Polini says her husband, a computer scientist, and parents took on a greater role in raising her children, whom she didn’t see as often as she’d like while she traveled to conferences and lectures around the world.
She was able to have both lives — a family life and a career in STEM — but she sees many women who feel they have to choose one or the other because the most important career moves often must be made during the optimal time for many women to start families. Polini knows women who worry that because they chose to focus on their careers, they may have passed their childbearing years. And others choose to forgo the career to have a family, and then find out it may be too late to get back into the field.
It’s clear, Polini says, that women can excel in math and other STEM fields. The barriers to entry, however, need to be dismantled.
“The hardest part is choosing between career and family,” she says. “If you look at the percentage of girls in graduate school in math and the percentage of women working in tier 1 universities, the (latter) percentage is much lower. They have to make a choice, and this is terrible.”
Polini says there is hope on the horizon, however. She is seeing math conferences that include the option to bring children, and she is optimistic about the work of groups such as the Association for Women in Mathematics, which she sees creating the spark and fostering the enthusiasm she had as a child in today’s young women and girls around the country. |
के लिए स्थानीय कांग्रेसी कार्यकर्ताओं ने सड़कपर जाम भी लगाया और स्वामी रामदेव पर फायरिंग कराने का मनगढंत आरोप भी लगा रहे हैं। मीडिया की हालत तो यह है कि आजतक जैसे चैनल के शब्द देखिए, गांव वालों ने बाबा रामदेव पर आरोप लागते हुए कहा की बाबा ने गांव वालों पर कई राउंड गोली फायर करवाए। न इस खबर की पुष्टि के लिए किसी गांव वाले का नाम दिया गया है और न ही वहां आजतक का रिपोर्टर ही मौजूद था, क्योंकि घटना के वक्त के वक्त केवल स्थानीय ईटीवी का रिपोर्टर मौजूद था। हद हो गई है। बुधवार को बाबा रामदेव के हरिद्वार स्थित पतंजलि फूड एंड हर्बल पार्क पर जिन ट्रक यूनियन के सदस्यों ने हमला किया था, उसमें से अधिकांश स्थानीय दबंग हैं, जिनका कांग्रेस पार्टी से संबंध हैं। इनकी दबंगई और दादागिरी से पिछले एक साल से पदार्था स्थित फूड पार्क जूझ रहा था। स्थानीय पुलिस और प्रशासन से कई बार इसकी शिकायत भी की गई, लेकिन पुलिस ने कभी कोई एक्शन नहीं लिया। उल्टे इसके लिए दबाव डालती रही कि आपसी समझौता कर लो। आरोप है कि इन स्थानीय ट्रांसपोर्टरों की दादागिरी इतनी बढ गई थी कि वह बाबा की फैक्टरी में बाहर के</s> |
भी हो जाता है। मैं खुद को इस बीमारी के हवाले नहीं करना चाहती हूं। इस वजह से मैंने खुद को समझाया। अब अकेलेपन की आदत हो गई है। मेरे लिए काम ही सबकुछ है। अकेलेपन के अलावा एक और चीज से मुझे बेहद डर लगता है। मुझे फ्लाइट फोबिया है। इस शो के कारण मेरा यह डर भी छू मंतर हो गया है। वारिस के प्रमोशन के दौरान मुझे फ्लाइट से कई शहरों में जाना पड़ा। फ्लाइट में बैठने के बाद मै खुद को समझा देती हूं। अब मैं अपनी सीट पर बैठ गई हूं। जो होना होगा हो जाएगा। जिले के सैपऊ थाना क्षेत्र की एक 16 वर्षीया नाबालिग के साथ उसके ही जीजा ने चाय में नशीला पदार्थ... पढ़ें बरामद जेवरात की हेराफेरी का मामला। छत्तीसगढ़ के रायपुर के नवकार ज्वेलर्स से चोरी के जेवरात के साथ गिरफ्तार किए गए थे आरोपित। अब बरामद जेवरात की हेराफेरी में जेल जाने वाले दारोगा जमादार और सिपाही पर भी चार्जशीट की तैयारी। बीते 24 घंटे में राज्य के अनूपपुर में सर्वाधिक 234.5 मिलीमीटर यानी नौ इंच और पश्चिमी मप्र के शमशाबाद क्षेत्र में 190.6 मिमी यानी सात इंच से ज्यादा वर्षा हुई है। राज्य के 23 जिलोंइंदौर, धार, आलीराजपुर,</s> |
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Every Introduction to Programming class starts with a programming language, introduces various concepts like variables and functions and leaves with an understanding of some simple algorithms. Mine was no different. We used C and spent a lot of time trying to make students comfortable using Linux. This leaves a lot to be desired. Software engineering is hard and laying out certain principles at the beginning can help tremendously. This is a short list of supplemental resources I would have liked to have when I started programming. |
हैं. वह उनके साथ राजनीतिक रैलियों में भी हिस्सा ले रहे हैं. शरीफ पड़ोसी देश के सबसे शक्तिशाली राजनीतिक परिवार से ताल्लुक रखते हैं और उनकी पार्टी इस समय देश पर राज कर रही है. बता दें कि 4 अप्रैल को शरीफ ने कहा था कि पाकिस्तान सैनिक शासन में फंस गया है. जैसा कि वह पहले ही चेतावनी दे चुके थे कि उनकी पार्टी को आम चुनाव में देरी मंजूर नहीं है. मालूम हो कि पाकिस्तान में जुलाई में आम चुनाव होने हैं. वाराणसी में सीधी सेना भर्ती के लिए वेबसाइट ... पर आवेदन किया जा सकता है। भर्ती के संबंध में इस वेबसाइट पर अन्य सभी महत्वपूर्ण जानकारियां हैं। कर्नल सिद्धार्थ बसु ने बताया कि भर्ती के लिए प्रस्तावित तारीख तय कर दी गई है। हालांकि अंतिम निर्णय जिला प्रशासन का होगा। चूंकि कोरोना महामारी के नियंत्रण को लेकर प्रशासन की ओर से कवायद की जा रही हैं। अगर ऐसा हुआ तो क्रूर, हिंसक और जानलेवा संघर्ष बढ़ेगा, जिसमें मानवीय स्थिति अत्यन्त गम्भीर होगी और बड़े पैमाने पर मानवाधिकार हनन होगा. कोरोना वायरस से बचाव के लिए टीकाकरण कवच बनकर सामने आ रहा है। देश में कोरोना मामलों का रेट 1.78 फीसदी है जबकि रिकवरी रेट 97.58 फीसदी</s> |
धारण करने वाले सन्यासी को दंडीस्वामी कहा जाता है। दंड धारण करने की परंपरा प्रायः दशनामी सन्यासियों में प्रचलित है। शंकराचार्य परंपरा के ध्वजवाहक मठाधीश भी दंडधारण करते है। प्राचीन धर्मशास्त्र मे दंड का महत्व इतना अधिक था कि मनुस्मृति में तो दंड को देवता के रूप में बताया गया है। एक श्लोक है ऐसे में चुनावों से महज एक साल सात दिन पहले मुख्यमंत्री पद की शपथ ले रहे तीरथ सिंह रावत के सामने कई बड़ी चुनौतियां हैं. जिनके निपटना उनके लिए आसान नहीं होगा. उपचुनाव तीरथ सिंह रावत के सामने पहली सबसे बड़ी चुनौती उप चुनाव जीतना है. उन्हें चुनाव लड़कर विधानसभा का सदस्य बनना होगा. तभी वो मुख्यमंत्री बने रह सकते हैं. तीरथ गढ़वाल क्षेत्र से किसी विधायक का इस्तीफा लेकर विधायक बन सकते हैं. या विधायक सुरेंद्र सिंह जीना के निधन से खाली हुई सल्ट सीट से भी चुनाव लड़ सकते हैं. कर्नाटक के पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री ने बातचीत में कहा, हमें चुनाव प्रणाली की सफाई करने की जरूरत है। इस संबंध में कुछ प्रक्रिया चल रही है। कुछ सुधार चल रहे हैं जो अभी शुरुआती दौर में है। उन्होंने कहा, लेकिन मुझे खुशी है कि केंद्र में शीर्ष पर कोई राजनीतिक भ्रष्टाचार नहीं है। उसपर भ्रष्टाचार</s> |
Reducing manufacturing costs can be achieved directly (by spending less) or indirectly (by making more):
- Spend Less (manufacture the same number of parts using fewer resources)
- Make More (manufacture more parts using the same resources)
Which is better? Both add value. Both are important. Neither is inherently “better”. However, companies often place more emphasis on cutting costs. The problem is, cutting costs (spending less) can quickly reach a point of diminishing returns, plus it has an absolute limit of zero, whereas increasing throughput (making more) has no such limit. Our recommendation – strive to achieve both.
Interestingly, two of the best-known improvement initiatives align very well to these two approaches to reducing cost (and increasing profitability):
- Lean Manufacturing (spend less by relentlessly eliminating all forms of waste from the manufacturing process)
- Theory of Constraints (make more by relentlessly identifying and eliminating constraints on production; thus increasing throughput)
There are many other disciplines and techniques for reducing manufacturing costs, such as Six Sigma, Design for Manufacturability (DFM), and Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, our primary focus will be on leveraging Lean Manufacturing (to spend less) and the Theory of Constraints (to make more).
Defining a Strategy
It is useful to define a formal strategy for reducing manufacturing costs. Once articulated, this strategy can then be consistently applied, both across equipment and over time. Here is an example definition:
We continually reduce our manufacturing costs by identifying the production constraint (the manufacturing bottleneck) and then applying all the tools and techniques at our disposal to improve the performance of the constraint. When it is no longer the constraint we identify the new constraint and repeat. Tools and techniques include proven best practices from Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, Theory of Constraints, and other sources. Non-constraint reductions in cost are also valued, but are a second priority to eliminating waste and increasing throughput at the constraint.
Manufacturing Best Practices
Theory of Constraints (TOC) identifies the most important limiting factor (referred to as the constraint) that stands in the way of achieving a goal (such as making a profit) and then systematically improves that constraint until it is no longer the limiting factor. In manufacturing processes the constraint is often referred to as a bottleneck. Interestingly, the constraint isn't necessarily equipment. It can also be policy (required or recommended ways of working), paradigm (deeply engrained beliefs or habits), or even the marketplace (when production capacity exceeds sales).
The underlying power of TOC flows from its laser-like focus on a single goal (profit) and systematically removing impediments to achieving more of that goal (eliminating constraints). From the perspective of reducing costs, one of the most appealing characteristics of TOC is that it inherently prioritizes and focuses improvement activities where they will have the greatest cost impact; the constraint.
Lean Manufacturing relentlessly eliminates waste (and thus cost) from manufacturing, where waste is defined as any activity that does not add value from the customer's perspective. From a plant floor perspective this waste is typically measured using OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) and the Six Big Losses (Breakdowns, Setup and Adjustments, Reduced Speed, Small Stops, Startup Rejects, and Production Rejects). Lean Manufacturing provides a direct path to reducing costs by providing a broad range of tools and countermeasures to improve OEE and reduce the Six Big Losses.
Causal Loss provides detailed and insightful information about losses that occur at the constraint by separating them into two categories:
- Internal Loss (a loss that occurs because of a condition that is internal to the constraint)
- External Loss (a loss that occurs because of a condition that is external to the constraint)
In the case of External Loss, it is important to identify both the causal step of the manufacturing process and the underlying reason for the loss. The end result is a much more complete picture of loss at the constraint (improved information), a much better ability to focus on the losses that really matter (losses at the constraint), and a much better ability to take action to eliminate those losses (improve throughput of the constraint). It is a manufacturing best practice to track three types of External Loss:
The constraint stops or runs slowly because of an upstream issue that results in a lack of raw materials on the process infeed.
The constraint stops or runs slowly because of a downstream issue that results in a buildup of finished materials on the process outfeed.
The constraint needs to produce additional parts to replace parts lost to downstream quality issues.
Lean Manufacturing improvement initiatives can be tightly focused; however, more typically they are implemented as broad-spectrum initiatives (i.e., across all equipment). Theory of Constraints on the other hand has a laser-like focus on improving the constraint. Combining the two together (with Causal Loss providing a complete picture of losses at the constraint) creates a terrific opportunity to significantly reduce costs and improve profitability.
Three Great Strategies
Three effective strategies for reducing manufacturing costs are:
Attack Your Top Losses
Problem: We want a simple and effective way to reduce manufacturing costs; one that can be applied to all equipment in our plant (i.e., we want to spend less).
Strategy: Focus on addressing the top sources of lost production time with a secondary focus on emergent problems (losses that are trending higher).
Solution: The XL Top Losses report provides extensive information about your largest sources of lost production time, including trend information and sparklines that are particularly useful for spotting emergent problems. To decide where to focus your time and attention simply:
- Set the Date Range to Last 30 Days.
- Identify one loss within the top five that the team feels most confident they can improve.
- Agree on an improvement target and any external resources needed to reach that target.
Review progress by continuing to monitor the Top Losses report (especially trend information).
Improve the Constraint
Problem: We want to increase throughput of our manufacturing process (i.e., we want to make more).
Strategy: Apply Causal Loss to get a complete picture of all losses at the constraint. Use reason codes to distinguish between Internal Loss and External Loss. For each External Loss identify both the causal step and the underlying loss reason.
Solution: XL provides many analytics tools that leverage reason code information. Capturing reasons is especially easy when all operators have to do is scan an appropriate barcode. XL makes this even easier by automatically generating barcode sheets for your operators and automatically “snapping” reasons to the most recent matching event.
Use XL to capture four types of reason codes:
- Internal (the constraint stops or runs slowly because of an issue internal to the constraint)
- Starved (the constraint stops or runs slowly because of an upstream issue)
- Blocked (the constraint stops or runs slowly because of a downstream issue)
- Downstream Quality (the constraint will need to replace parts lost to downstream quality issues)
Win the Shift
Problem: We want to proactively engage plant floor employees so they can help us reduce costs.
Strategy: Focus attention on the constraint (or other critical equipment) with a scoreboard that encourages employees to “win their shift” by meeting or exceeding throughput targets.
Solution: XL includes an integrated scoreboard with over 100 built-in metrics. One of the most effective sets of metrics for the plant floor is TAED, which instantly identifies whether production is ahead or behind the production target – in real-time:
- Target (quantity of good parts that should have been manufactured)
- Actual (quantity of good parts actually manufactured)
- Efficiency (ratio of Actual to Target; an Efficiency score of 100% or better means your team is winning their shift)
- Down Time (calling real-time attention to one of the biggest “disrupters” of production)
When the team meets or exceeds expectations, XL can automatically display a message that reinforces their achievement.
Join us for a personalized 30 or 60 minute webinar. We'll focus on your equipment, your process, and your challenges.
We'll ship you an XL unit to use free-of-charge for 90 days. With unlimited phone, email, and web-based support.
Speak to an expert.
Call us for answers to all your questions on how we can help you quickly improve your manufacturing productivity.
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Email: [email protected] |
A pollution-free hydrogen-based economy has been a goal of forward thinkers for years. The increasing threat of islamic terrorism and other factors are making the move away from an oil based economy a national priority for everyone else as well. One of many technical hurdles is the high cost of assembling and testing hydrogen fuel cells. According to a Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute news release, researchers at the New York university believe that using robots to assemble and test fuel cells could greatly reduce the cost. Instead of taking a full day to build a fuel cell, robots may be able to do it in minutes, making fuel cells commercially viable. Handling the materials used in PEM fuel cells is considered to be an order of magnitude more difficult that tasks normally performed by industrial robots. Additional information about Rennsselaer's fuel cell initiative can be found in a recent online article. |
एड। अमेरिकी गृहयुद्ध: एक राज्यदरराज्य विश्वकोश 1019 अंश एली, गिनेट एट अल। एड्स। यूनियन हार्टलैंड: सिविल वॉर के दौरान मिडवेस्टर्न होम फ्रंट बक, रिचर्ड। एक दूर का थंडर: सिविल युद्ध में मिशिगन। । 239 पीपी। बेकर, जीन एच। द पॉलिटिक्स ऑफ़ कॉन्टिनिटी: 1858 से 1870 तक मैरीलैंड पॉलिटिकल पार्टीज़ बॉम, डेल। द सिविल वॉर पार्टी सिस्टम: द केस ऑफ मैसाचुसेट्स, 18481876 ब्रैडली, एरविन एस। द ट्रायम्फ ऑफ़ मिलिटेंट रिपब्लिकनिज़्म: अ स्टडी ऑफ़ पेन्सिलवेनिया और प्रेसिडेंशियल पॉलिटिक्स, 18601872 , अल्बर्ट। युद्ध में एक फ्रंटियर राज्य: कंसास, 18611865 कोल, आर्थर चार्ल्स। इलिनोइस पर गृह युद्ध 18481870 का युग कूल्टर, ई। मर्टन। केंटकी में नागरिक युद्ध और उत्पीड़न , वर्तमान, रिचर्ड एन। द हिस्ट्री ऑफ विस्कॉन्सिन: द सिविल वॉर एरा, 18481873 । डी, क्रिस्टीन, एड। ओहियो का युद्ध: दस्तावेज़ों में गृह युद्ध , प्राथमिक स्रोत अंश और पाठ खोज डिल्ला, हरेटेट एम। पॉलिटिक्स ऑफ़ मिशिगन, 18651878 ऑनलाइन पुस्तकों पर गैलमैन, मैथ्यू जे। मस्तारिंग वार्टाइम: ए सोशल हिस्ट्री ऑफ फिलाडेल्फिया सिविल वॉर के दौरान। हॉल, सुसान जी। अप्पलाचियन ओहियो और गृह युद्ध, 18621863 होलजर, हेरोल्ड। संघ राज्य: न्यूयॉर्क और गृह युद्ध के विद्वानों द्वारा निबंध हबर्ड, मार्क। इलिनोइस वॉर: द सिविल वॉर इन डॉक्यूमेंट्स अंश और टेक्स्ट सर्च करामांस्की, थियोडोर जे। रैली का दौर:</s> |
जानकारी दी. वे 75 वर्ष के थे. यूरोपीय चैंपियनशिप में शानदान प्रदर्शन करने वाले मूलन ने दो साल बाद 1974 में उन्होंने नीदरलैंड के खिलाफ फाइनल में विजयी गोल करके जर्मनी को वल्र्ड कप ट्रॉफी जिताई थी. उन्होंने जर्मनी के लिये 62 मैच खेले और 68 गोल दागे. मुलर ने बायर्न के लिए 607 मैच खेले और वह सात मौकों पर लीग में टॉप स्कोरर रहे थे. डीडीयू गोरखपुर विश्वविद्यालय की दीनदयाल शोध पीठ दो साल में गोष्ठियों से आगे नहीं बढ़ पाई है। न तो उनके दर्शन पर आधारित शोध कार्य प्रारंभ हो सके हैं और न ही उनके एकात्म मानववाद के दर्शन का अभी तक ठीक से प्रचार प्रसार ही हो सका है। उनके विचार व दर्शन गांव तक पहुंचाने तथा सामाजिक कुरीतियों के खिलाफ अभियान अभी तक योजना बनाने तक ही सीमित हैं। यह हाल तब है कि प्रदेश सरकार ने पीठ के कार्यों के लिए 50 लाख रुपये का बजट भी जारी कर दिया है। बजट अभी भी खर्च नहीं हो पाया है। गुरुवार को नगर के एक मोहल्ला निवासी युवक ने पुलिस को बताया कि रविवार की शाम उसकी पत्नी मकान की छत पर घूम रही थी। इसी दौरान दो युवक उनके घर में आ</s> |
Launching a new vehicle is always about many considerations, of which safety certainly tops the list. There are several factors that determine safety, and for brands, knowing the basics always helps. Automotive dynamics is the study of vehicles in motion and how they behave when in motion. There are companies that deal in vehicle safety testing and failure analysis of a vehicle.
Components of each vehicle module:
- Power module: Engine, gear box and drive axles
- Chassis module: Steering, breaks, suspension, tires, wheels and brakes
- Body module: Bonnet, roof, door and trims.
Function of a vehicle:
The prime purpose of vehicles isn’t just about transporting people from one place to another. It is about carrying people in a comfortable, economical and safe way. The vehicle must listen to the inputs of a drive (turning/ applying breaks) and act according to the inputs. Vehicle dynamics is about studying and verifying if the vehicle responds safely to passengers.
Vehicle dynamics is about a vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics aspects which are acceleration and braking. When a vehicle moves, it ideally accelerates and decelerates. When we are speeding up the vehicle, there is acceleration and when we apply brakes, there is deceleration.
There are many forces acting on vehicle when it is in motion. When a vehicle is in motion, a force acts along the forward direction and a backward force such as air resistance and friction force acts in the backward direction.
The three cases are:
- When a vehicle speeds up: The forward force is greater than the backward force
- When a vehicle is in constant acceleration: Forward and backward forces are in acceleration
- When a vehicle speeds down: The backward force is greater than forward force
When the driver hits the brakes (input), the vehicle slows down (output) and due to this the passengers will be pushed forward due to the vehicle coming to a halt. To make sure a vehicle is safe and comfortable, the input and corresponding output response are measured using mathematical modeling techniques.
The application of mathematical techniques is helpful in looking at the vehicle’s responses in various perspectives.
The study involves checking for:
- Longitudinal dynamics: Involves assessing the behavior of a vehicle when it moves in a straight line
- Lateral dynamics: Involves assessing the behavior of a vehicle when it takes a turn
- Vertical dynamics: Involves assessing the behavior of a vehicle when it moves in the vertical direction like speed breaker or puddle.
A vehicle’s dynamic behavior can be studied in many ways. Analysis of all the different forces helps one understand vehicle dynamics better. |
On December 25th, we commemorate the story of the King and the beginning of his mission.
To hear it fresh we will tell it a bit strangely. And so this story of a king is also the story of a kingdom. Many hundreds of years before, this kingdom had been divided into two, north and south. Over time, the northern kingdom fell to invaders while the southern kingdom survived, continuing the unbroken line of their forebear, which was foretold never to fail. But fail it did, or so it seemed, and the royal house suffered exile, disgrace, and worse—it was forgotten. The restoration of the true king became something expected only by a remnant, those with long memories and steadfast faith. When the time was ripe, and the child who would be King was born, his parents fled with him from their homeland and lived in another exile, fearing the evil powers seeking his life. They called him Hope.
When he grew to maturity, he spent his time wandering from place to place, without honor in his own country. He gathered a small group of friends and followers, those who knew his name. He knew he would be king, but he kept himself hidden, not letting those who knew his true nature move him to the throne before the appointed season. Those who held the throne in the pride of earthly power would never accept him. When the time was ripe, however, he came to his royal city—not in triumph, but as a bringer of healing. He had been there many times before, of course, but this time was different. This time the people who had once ignored him whispered like fire in the streets: the King has come back! But he did not take his throne, even then. Instead, as it had been foretold that he trod the paths of the dead and led death captive, suffering outside the walls of the city, he marched then into the gates of hell where the Evil One was cast down.
The people of his kingdom had lived so diminished for so long that they had forgotten what a true Man was meant to be.
That was his victory, and the victory which led to the restoration not only of his crown but of all things. His kingdom, so long travailing under the oppression of the dark enemy, was free. The King reigned in justice. He became the king of the new united kingdom, and of much more. The people of his kingdom had lived so diminished for so long that they had forgotten what a true Man was meant to be. But here, in this king—the rightful son of the first man, the rightful heir to the blessed kingdom—the beauty of God’s purpose for Man shone forth undimmed. And after this mighty warrior triumphed over evil, he became a bridegroom, finally fulfilling the pledge he had made so many years ago. He restored and renewed all things, and set to rights all that had been bad and broken in the world, even to the ends of the earth. But all of this began on December 25th.
The 25th is, of course, the day that the Fellowship of the Ring departs from Rivendell on their quest, and the king is Aragorn.
Aragorn is portrayed as a Christ figure—that’s obvious. But it’s less obvious just what sort of Christ figure Aragorn is. He doesn’t die and return like Gandalf; he doesn’t endure the sacrificial and mediatorial suffering of Frodo. Aragorn is the coming and reigning King.
He’s also the main human hero of the story, and for Tolkien, to be a Man is about much more than being the “normal” species in a world populated by Elves and Dwarves. In fact, to be a Man and to be a King are intimately related.
Tolkien’s Hierarchical Universe
Tolkien constructed an explicitly hierarchical universe. Among mortal beings, God placed Men and Elves (his “children”) above Dwarves and other intelligent creatures, and these above animals. Men, the late-comers, themselves hold a special destiny that sets them apart from Elves—they are free from the weave of fate, their destiny after death is a mystery to the Elves, and it is even rumored that Eru Himself will one day walk as one of them. While Elves are bound to the circles of the world, Men will transcend them. They are the centerpiece of creation.
But among Men, the kingdom of Númenor acts as the people specially blessed of God, and when Númenor is destroyed for its rebellion, a single faithful branch of the royal family is preserved. This is Elendil, with his two sons Isildur and Anarion, who will rule the kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor and eventually defeat Sauron for the first time in the Last Alliance. The bloodline of Númenor is almost sacred, coming as it does down from generations upon generations dwelling within sight of the shores of Valinor. The heirloom of the kings is the Ring of Barahir, given by Finrod the Elven-King himself, who first discovered Men in the world. So Aragorn eventually wears on his hand a signet that betokens an Adamic heritage, a special preeminence.
Tolkien often hints at the dangers of intermixing with other, lesser lines, and by the time of The Lord of the Rings the people and princes of Gondor have fallen far from the pure (because divinely blessed) Númenorean lineage. Middle-earth is unabashedly monarchist and probably Pseudo-Dionysian too (remember the Valar and Maiar?). We may balk at such thinking. But before we do, we should ask how this sort of hierarchy and supremacy play into (1) Aragorn’s typifying of Christ, and (2) Aragorn’s epitomizing of humility, service, and sacrifice.
Tolkien is appealing to the beauty of an ordered creation—a particularly pre-Modern, medieval beauty. Planets revolve in circular orbits, animals typify human virtues. The whole human edifice is constructed like a multi-tiered wedding cake. And the King is the topper. For most of human history, the king was the guarantor of order in society and the safeguard against chaos. He was the link between the people and the land, between the ploughman and the Most High God. He existed for the sake of the people, and received special privileges in recognition of this. The Bible has a hierarchy too—not of ontological status, but of holy instruments. God continually refines and narrows His chosen vessels until God’s agent in the world culminates in a single, supremely significant individual.
Matter → Animals → Humans → Abraham → Israel → Judah → David → Jesus
In Middle-earth, the hierarchy familiar to Jews and Christians is amplified.
Matter → Animals → Thinking beings → Elves → Men → Númenor → Elf-friends → Line of Elendil (the kings) → Aragorn
The King of the united realms of Arnor and Gondor is not merely some puissant political figure. This is the King descended from Eärendil the Blessed, from Beren and Lúthien, from Melian the Maia, from Elros brother of Elrond. Aragorn is the descendant of two houses of Elves who dwelled in the heaven of Valinor, an angel, all three noble houses of the first Men. . . In short, virtually every noble hero and royal house of the Silmarillion flows down into Aragorn. He is a cosmic King, reunifying the disparate and broken elements of Middle-earth, tying the frayed strands of the story into a single cord. In him the races of Elves and Men, mixed only thrice before (and all among his ancestors) intertwine, gifting the world with the bravery of Men and the beauty of Elves, turning the West into a triumphant and glorious kingdom of light—a restored creation. All that is sad comes untrue under Aragorn’s just hand, as he returns ancestral lands in good faith and exalts the humble.
The Hands of a King
That is the point, after all—the ruler with an iron fist and a single indomitable will is not Aragorn but Sauron. Aragorn comes into his kingdom not as a conqueror but as a servant, humble and other-centered. As they said in Gondor, “The hands of the king are the hands of a healer, and so shall the rightful king be known.” So it is in fact through Aragorn’s service toward others that his kingship is revealed, and his people’s loyalty is secured by his refusal to seize the crown before political peace can be assured—demonstrating that he places their welfare above his own power. If all of creation invests its authority and glory in the single figure of King Elessar Telcontar,So it is in fact through Aragorn’s service toward others that his kingship is revealed he immediately returns the gifts entrusted to him with grace and kindness. When Frodo and Sam come to Aragorn’s celebration feast at the field of Cormallen, Aragorn rises from his throne and places upon it these two hobbits, still dressed in their orc-rags. The king deigns to create a mutual interweaving of honor and ebullient, joyful giving between himself and his subjects. He gives back tenfold what is offered to him, and so he himself increases in honor.
But of course, that is the end of the story. On December 25th, Aragorn looks like nothing so much as a weathered, scraggled, hard-bitten wild man. Boromir refuses to accept his claim to the throne. The hobbits have in all likelihood never even heard of Gondor. Here, on this side of Mount Doom, Sauron seems invincible and the very thought that he could be overthrown, that the King should have his crown again, seems awkward and escapist.
But the Wise know. Gandalf, Elrond, Galadriel—even Bilbo Baggins of Bag End—they believe.
All that is gold does not glitter,
Not all those who wander are lost;
The old that is strong does not wither,
Deep roots are not reached by the frost.
From the ashes a fire shall be woken,
A light from the shadows shall spring;
Renewed shall be blade that was broken,
The crownless again shall be king.
Tolkien firmly believed in the power of fiction, what he called sub-creation, to illuminate truth and give “glimpses” of the reality we often ignore. And it seems rather common that we often ignore the cosmic epic of Christmas. Another Christian writer, G.K. Chesterton, put it this way in “The Ethics of Elfland”:
“These tales say that apples were golden only to refresh the forgotten moment when we found that they were green. They make rivers run with wine only to make us remember, for one wild moment, that they run with water. . . All that we call spirit and art and ecstasy only means that for one awful instant we remember that we forget.”
The power of good fiction is precisely that it reminds us of the wonder of the real. This Advent, let us remember the King who came through many dangers into His kingdom, and now places the crown upon the heads of His people. In the Incarnation, let us proclaim that the blade that was broken is reforged, and is wielded to cut a mortal blow against death and sin. In this Man, the true Man, the jewel in the crown of all creation, we see that for which all things have been waiting in eager expectation, that which we all along ought to have been, the recapitulation and restoration of all that has come before. Everything sad comes untrue. But it starts on December 25th. |
इस बार किन्हीं विशेष परिस्थितियोंवश हमें आपसे कहना पड़ रहा है कि पिछले बकाया की अदायगी के लिए हमें कुछ दिनों का अतिरिक्त समय देने की कृपा करें। अभी हमारी आर्थिक स्थिति ठीक नहीं है, किन्तु हम आपको विश्वास दिलाते हैं कि अगले तीन महीनों में हम आपकी अब तक की पूर्ण राशि का भुगतान कर देंगे। व्यापार में ऑर्डर सम्बन्धी पत्र, वे पत्र होते हैं जिनके द्वारा माल के ऑर्डर लिए अथवा दिए जाते हैं। किसी भी माल का ऑर्डर देते समय पत्र में उसकी किस्म, मात्रा, साइज, डिजाइन, पैकिंग, माल भेजने का तरीका, तिथि आदि का उल्लेख किया जाना चाहिए। यदि माल नाजुक अथवा कीमती है, तब इस सम्बन्ध में पत्र में माल का बीमा आदि करवाने हेतु निर्देश दिए जाने चाहिए। इसके अलावा यदि किसी फर्म को पहला ऑर्डर भेजा जा रहा है, तब भुगतान के ढंग का उल्लेख किया जाना आवश्यक है। यदि ऑर्डर में उधार माल भेजने की माँग की गई है, तब व्यापार सन्दर्भों का उल्लेख होना जरूरी है। कई बार माल का आर्डर कैन्सिल करना पड़ सकता है। ऐसे समय में खेद प्रकट करते हुए, भविष्य में इस प्रकार की सावधानी बरतने सम्बन्धी पत्र अवश्य भेजा जाना चाहिए। (1) पुस्तक विक्रेता को पुस्तकों</s> |
Of Beethoven’s “major” symphonies (that is, in the sense of innovation and prominence) the Seventh has aroused the widest spectrum of efforts to “interpret” its meaning. No such compulsion plagues the others – the “Choral” is guided by its text, the Fifth traces an emotional passage from grim determination to triumph, and Beethoven himself proclaimed his inspiration for the “Eroica” and labeled and described the movements of the “Pastoral.” But his Symphony # 7 in A major, Op. 92 is without such markers, and has drawn legions of commentators who felt compelled to explicate it. Arguably, that’s a sign of inspired subtlety – of the work, not the pundits – and a tribute to its remarkable ability to summon a broad spectrum of deeply personal and highly diverse response among listeners.
Just what does the Symphony # 7 mean? According to mid-19th century authorities, when the trend seemed to have peaked, it was a procession in an old cathedral or catacombs (Joseph d’Ortegue, 1863), a love-dream of a sumptuous odalesque (F.L.S. von Durenburg, 1863), a tale of Moorish knighthood (A. B. Marx, 1859), scenes from a masquerade (Alexander d’Oulibisheff, 1857) or a sequel to the Pastoral Symphony that “conjures up pictures of the autumnal merry-makings of the gleaners and wine-dressers, the tender melancholy of love-lorn youth, the pious canticle of joy and gratitude for nature’s gifts and the final outburst when joy beckons again and the dance melodies float out upon the air and none stands idle” (Ludwig Bischoff, 1859). Even fellow composers jumped in – Robert Schumann envisioned a peasant wedding, Hector Berlioz heard a “ronde des paysans” and, perhaps most famously, Richard Wagner characterized the whole as an “apotheosis of the dance.” But even their fertile speculation had been trumped by a Dr. Karl Iken, editor of the Bremer Zeitung and a contemporary of Beethoven, who wrote an extensive concert program that depicted a political revolution in great detail, beginning:
The sign of revolt is given; there is a rushing and running about of the multitude; an innocent man, or party, is surrounded, overpowered after a struggle and haled before a legal tribunal. Innocency weeps; the judge pronounces a harsh sentence; sympathetic voices mingle in laments and denunciations. … The magistrates are now scarcely able to quiet the wild tumult. The uprising is suppressed, but the people are not quieted; hope smiles cheeringly and suddenly the voice of the people pronounces the decision in harmonious agreement.
Alexander Wheeler Thayer asserted that “such balderdash disgusted and even enraged Beethoven” and that in 1819 “he dictated a letter … in which he protested energetically against such interpretations of his music.”
Yet, while we may disparage the overblown literary efforts of past critics to attribute symbolic imagery to the Seventh, they provide a spur for fruitful thought. Thus, in retrospect, Maynard Solomon points to the common thread of a carnival or festival image as resonating our human desire for a temporary release from subjugation to the prevailing social order and a suspension of customary norms, a joyous lifting of restraints and an outpouring of mockery, all of which permeate the score. And Tim McDonald attributes the past tendency to the composer’s anti-social turbulent nature, which left the field wide open and, on a positive note, reflects the overriding sense of enthusiasm and excitement that the work generates.
Yet, while explicit interpretation may be dubious, the Seventh – unlike nearly all Beethoven’s other orchestral works – may have been prompted by more than the composer’s whim. Its premiere performance took place in Vienna on December 8, 1813 and was hailed as a great success, although not because of the symphony itself. Rather, it anchored a novelty program featuring Beethoven’s Wellington’s Victory or the Battle of Vittoria, Op. 91, and two marches by Dussek and Pleyel for a mechanical trumpeter invented by Johann Nepomuk Maelzel, who enjoyed a close, if rocky, relationship to the composer, who frequented the Maelzel workshop. Maelzel had constructed an ear-trumpet that Beethoven found useful, and later would perfect the metronome upon which Beethoven would rely to specify tempos for his works. George Marek characterized Maelzel as “half Edison, half Barnum,” as evidenced by a bogus mechanical chess player that was found to have a man inside. Among his more spectacular genuine inventions was the “panharmonicon,” which, according to Sedgwick Clark, was “a giant mechanical orchestral machine, run by air pressure and incorporating flutes, trumpets, drums, cymbals, triangles, strings stuck by hammers, violins, cellos and clarinets.” According to Thayer, Maelzel wanted to popularize his device in London, and seized upon Wellington’s defeat of Napoleon at Vittoria to commission Beethoven to write a commemorative piece for it. In the meantime, to raise money for the venture, he produced a concert in Vienna that would serve as Beethoven’s first akademie (in which new works were presented) in five years, for which he suggested that Beethoven arrange Wellington’s Victory for orchestra and a battery of percussion. Ignaz Moscheles, who claimed to have witnessed the origin and progress of the work, asserted that Beethoven unfairly minimized the contributions of Maelzel, who laid out the whole design, fashioned the characteristic drum and trumpet flourishes and suggested the varied treatments of the French and British national anthems. According to Anton Schindler, even before the initial concert they had a falling out – Maelzel claimed that Beethoven had gifted him the work outright as collateral for a loan, and Beethoven retaliated by suing, claiming that Maelzel had mutilated the score which he had obtained by pretense.
Billed as a benefit for wounded Austrian and Bavarian soldiers and fueled in significant part by the celebratory mood now that Napoleon’s seemingly unstoppable conquest of Europe (and its threat of French hegemony) at last had run aground, the premiere was a gala affair, with many of Vienna’s celebrity musicians, including Hummel, Spohr, Salieri, Meyerbeer and Moscheles, recruited to play the percussion. Thayer, though, claimed that they viewed it as a gigantic professional frolic and a stupendous musical joke. Beethoven conducted but, according to Affelder, with difficulty as he could only hear the loudest passages; Spohr called his leadership “uncertain and often ridiculous.”
The review of the concert in the influential Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung acclaimed the symphony a “triumph” that “fully deserved the loud applause and exceptionally warm reception that greeted it.” Yet such praise must be placed in perspective, as the same review hailed Wellington's Victory as “ingenious” and “leads one to conclude without hesitation that there is no work equal to it in the whole realm of tone-painting.” Indeed, the review in the Weiner Zeitung referred to the Seventh Symphony as a mere companion to the battle piece. Nowadays such comparisons seem absurd. While Michael Steinberg defends the victorious conclusion as “concentrated” and “superbly composed,” and the remainder “naïve descriptive music” done with “a master’s sense of timing,” Wellington's Victory strikes most modern ears as a gimmicky pastiche intended to give sheltered concert-goers a safe and vicarious sonic taste of battle. Thus the first half of Beethoven’s score requires not only a main orchestra but two separate ones arrayed stereophonically to represent the English and French camps plus actual artillery. After each side presents its drum roll, trumpet fanfare and anthem, the combat begins and the score specifies the exact timing of 194 cannon shots (suitably balanced so that the English not only outweigh the French, 122 v. 72, but have the final 37) plus lengthy musket volleys from each side, all which must have been deafening within the confines of the concert hall and, in the context of the time, long before the advent of electronics and amplification, an overwhelming experience.
Modern disparagement aside, Wellington's Victory served a noble purpose – to provide the strongest launch of any major Beethoven work, even if only through association. Audiences at the time heard the Seventh Symphony's buoyant exuberance and irresistible rhythm as an ideal companion to the battle piece and embraced it as a deeply-felt patriotic gesture and a welcome manifestation of the jubilant public mood. Yet while Czerny echoed the popular assumption that it was inspired by the recent military victories, Schindler points out that it had been completed long before those events occurred. Reflecting modern scholarship, David Wyn Jones asserts that it had been written between the fall of 1811 and the summer of 1812. In any event, the Battle Symphony drew unprecedented attention to its more serious companion.
As a measure of the Seventh’s huge popularity, by early 1816 its publisher had issued not only the full score and orchestral parts but arrangements for wind band, quartet, trio, piano duet and piano solo. Early critics, though, were less enamored. Aside from some nonsensical, hyperbolic slurs (Carl Maria von Weber said that Beethoven was ripe for the madhouse and Friedrich Weick called it the work of a drunkard), several critics claimed to find it disorganized and repetitious. Thus, one called it “a true mixture of tragic, comic, serious and trivial ideals which spring from one level to another without any connection [and] repeat themselves to excess.” Over a decade later, the London Harmonicum echoed: “Often as we have heard it performed, we cannot yet discover any design in it, neither can we trace any connection in its parts.”
Detractors who carped at its repetitiveness or found it disorganized clearly missed the very genius of the Seventh, which is unified by persistent and compelling rhythm. Indeed, no serious work before or since (so we're excluding Bolero) has relied so fully upon rhythm as its underlying principle. (And as for critics put off by the predominance of rhythm, it seems significant that rhythm has always been an element with far less appeal to sophisticates than to the populist masses, from medieval folk dance to jazz, disco and rap.) More enlightened analyses of the Seventh embrace and explore the wonders of its rhythm. Lewis Lockwood notes that, while rhythm is an element of nearly all music, here it is pushed into the foreground. And unlike in Beethoven’s Fifth, where the single opening motif recurs throughout the entire work, each movement here is animated by its own distinctive rhythm. Harking back to reactions to the premiere, Jones suggests that its untiring rhythmic articulation lends it an aura of a continuous celebration of joy. To Grove, the sheer “unflagging vigor,” as well as its “variety, life, color [and] elasticity,” create an impression of size and a mental image far disproportionate to its duration or emotional character.
Beyond its extraordinary sense of rhythm, other commentators credit the Seventh as romantic, in the sense of “swift and unexpected changes and contrasts, exciting the imagination to the highest degree and whirling it into new and strange regions” (Grove). Tovey expands on this notion of "exciting the imagination," while rationalizing the compulsion to “interpret” it in diverse ways, “insofar as romance is a term which, like humor, every self-respecting person claims to understand, while no two people understand it in quite the same way.” Others laud its innovative orchestration. Basil Lam calls the scoring “wonderful beyond explanation, unsurpassed anywhere for grandeur of sound,” even though this is achieved with the same modest orchestra familiar to Haydn and Mozart. Irving Kolodin cites in particular the finale as the first real orchestral piece ever written, in that instruments are not used for mere color but in keeping with the potential sonority of their inherent character. Features cited by Barry Cooper include the use of horns crooked in A, giving them an unusually high register, and drone basses, an offshoot of the Irish songs Beethoven had been commissioned to arrange at the time, in which such sustained harmony was common. William Drabkin cites the use of winds as a self-contained group rather than as an amplifier of string-dominated textures. Also remarkable, especially in the finale, is the way that Beethoven creates a heightened sense of activity within the continuity of a musical line by quickly and fluently passing phrases back and forth among instruments. The net result of all this, according to Drabkin, is that its originality lies not in the materials or proportions, which he finds quite conventional, but rather in the way Beethoven is able to control our perception of musical time. And this is achieved without any sense of respite from the constant energy and momentum – as many commentators have pointed out, similar to his shorter and simpler companion Symphony # 8 in F, Op. 93, there really is no slow portion at all, as the second movement specifies “allegretto” and even the trio is merely marked “assai meno presto” (much less quickly).
(Poco sostenuto – Vivace) – The first movement opens with a gesture that immediately announces its iconoclasm – a slow introduction nearly half as long as the remainder.
The acute sense of expectation fittingly peaks with a disarmingly simple but hugely effective transition to the ensuing vivace – it consists of nothing but 55 repeated E’s that at first tease and then coalesce into the modest but alluring three-note pattern in triplet time (a dotted eighth note, a sixteenth note and an eighth note) that will carry through to the end of the movement. (Noting that the repeated note is the top open violin string, Sigmund Spaeth intriguingly calls this “a suggestion of tuning fiddles,” as if to stress preparation for all that lies ahead.) Yet after four suspenseful minutes devoted to the introduction, rather than relieve the tension by having the vivace erupt dramatically, instead it emerges gently and playfully in the soft winds and only after a series of sforzando urgings do the strings at last proudly proclaim it fortissimo. The rest of the movement is in sonata form, but for Grove provides a prime example of Beethoven’s inventive genius – although the recapitulation presents the same materials as the exposition, it does so with “treatment, instrumentation and feeling all absolutely different.”
(Allegretto) – Like the opening movement of his Fifth Symphony, the Allegretto of the Seventh is an astounding example of how Beethoven could fashion a vast world from the humblest of materials. Historically, it was the most celebrated movement by far.
(Presto) – The third movement bursts out of the starting gate for a study in internal contrast. On the broadest level, it alternates a propulsive and rollicking presto section that bounds with ecstatic cheer and a trio that, despite its relative speed, projects stasis on a number of planes,
Unlike a standard symphonic scherzo movement, comprising a scherzo, a trio and an abbreviated repeat of the scherzo (A-B-A), here both sections are repeated (A-B-A-B-A). McDonald suggests that this was to give the movement a dimension commensurate with the overall scale of the work. Yet, the first repetition of the scherzo presents a huge surprise, suppressing the ff stings of the initial appearance to the same pp whisper as the rest to lend it an entirely new and unsuspected sustained delicacy. In keeping with the nature of a scherzo (literally, a “joke”), Beethoven adds humorous touches, throwing off the regular musical periods with two-bar insertions, flavoring the trio with horn “burps” (Schumann’s term) and, above all, crafting an inspired ending, in which the music subsides to begin what promises to launch yet a third trio only to sour and then after a mere four bars plunge into a rapid five-note cadence.
(Allegro con brio) – The final movement is aptly described by Freed as “elemental fury unleashed,”
Three particular concerns often guide interpretive approaches to the Seventh (as well as most orchestral music of the era). Most fundamental to any performance is tempo. Soon after the premiere of the Seventh, Beethoven obtained a metronome, perfected by none other than Maelzel, who replaced the initial design that had used a toothed wheel with a pendulum (but he may have lifted that idea from a Dutch inventor, Dietrich Winkel). According to Thayer, at first Beethoven rejected it as “silly stuff,” insisting that “one must feel the tempo.”
A second issue is the size of the ensemble that best conveys a score that is full of power yet demands fleet precision. The historically-informed approach generally is to assume an orchestra of modest dimensions, presumably typical of Beethoven’s day. Yet Drabkin notes that for a February 14, 1814 performance of the Seventh the composer left a memorandum specifying 18 first violins, 18 seconds, 14 violas, 12 celli, 7 basses and 2 contrabassoons (thus suggesting that all winds were to be doubled) – the approximate complement of a full modern symphonic orchestra (which would have to reinforce brass and winds yet further to match our louder strings). A related question is whether Beethoven, by now profoundly deaf, wrote within the practical limits of his time or on a more abstract, idealized level that transcends the resources he had at his disposal.
Robert Philips raises a third challenge by stressing the often overlooked point that early 20th century practice, as preserved in early recordings, is often wrongly dismissed as bloated and indulgent, yet was closer in time to Beethoven than to our own era and thus should not be disdained as an aberration requiring correction but rather as a manifestation of a venerable performance tradition. In particular, Philips catalogs more flexible tempos, greater acceleration, clearly defined tempo changes, more flexible and casual treatment of rhythmic detail, more restrained vibrato, more rubato (dislocating melody from accompanying rhythm) more portamento (sliding between notes) to clarify contrapuntal textures, and the use of individual string fingering in lieu of modern uniformity. He concludes that expressive irregularities and personal touches that strike us as decadent perhaps are far more authentic than the neat, clean simplicity that we tend to mistake as genuine. That, in turn, relegates any attempt to denounce the value of any particular interpretive approach to little more than a mere personal preference.
Of the literally hundreds of recordings of the Seventh, I’ve selected those that struck me as having particular historical or stylistic importance, plus some others that I've especially cherished. Please understand that these are merely my personal choices among the many dozens I’ve heard, and I’m sorry if I've overlooked your own favorites. Yet, for reasons that I hope will be evident, I make no apology for highlighting older recordings for their special qualities and fascination.
Coates’s Seventh remains remarkable for preserving interpretive traditions inherited from the 19th century. Relatively free of the improvisatory feeling of much of his superb discography, Coates’s tempos remain generally steady throughout each section, even though he does accelerate the allegretto at the first shift to A-major (bar 102). Otherwise, he feels free to ignore Beethoven’s tempo indications, although hardly in the sense that most attach to them as being too fast. Thus, while his trio is taken at a leisurely 64 bars to the minute compared to Beethoven’s specification of 84, his opening poco sostenuto is a startling 90 beats to the minute versus Beethoven’s 69, and his finale is a frantic 92 bars v. 72, gaining extraordinary visceral excitement despite some lapses in articulation at the breakneck speed. It would be tempting to discount the extreme rapidity in order to fit the work onto six 78 rpm sides were it not for the similarly wild pacing of isolated movements of Coates’s Eroica and Jupiter recordings. Yet there were practical compromises, as all movements but the allegretto are cruelly cut – while the poco sustenuto introduction is intact, 95 bars are bypassed in the first-movement vivace, both the second scherzo and trio are omitted, and the entire recapitulation (bars 254-428) is excised from the finale. (The first of these cuts, coming at the mid-point of the vivace, is far more noticeable now than at the time, as it occurred between side changes, when continuity would have lapsed anyway.) Despite the severe restrictions of the acoustic recording process, the pickup is remarkably detailed, with inner voices clearly audible, the ensemble well-balanced and accents closely observed, although the dynamics are heavily compressed and the texture is distorted by the attenuation of overtones (making the flutes sound like slide-whistles) and the substitution of tubas for basses (with a more rasping, flatulent sonority – a routine studio practice of the time). Cuts and compromised fidelity aside, this remains a compelling, vivid account, as enjoyable today as when it first astounded listeners.
Although remembered nowadays for launching, even ahead of Toscanini, the modern “objective” style that typified (or, depending on your taste, ruined) 20th century interpretation (or lack thereof), Weingartner’s roots extended a generation deeper into the 19th century than Coates’s. Here, already 60 years old, he reaches back to his artistic origins to present a deeply romanticized, heavily inflected vision. Like Coates, he takes the opening faster, and the scherzo slower, than the score’s specifications (although his finale nearly matches Beethoven’s tempo). The most radical feature, which literally sets the pace for the vast majority of recordings that would follow, comes with the trio, which he paces at a mere 48 bars to the minute v. Beethoven’s 84 (and Coates’s 64). The result is a feeling not only of considerable repose but of comfort, perhaps in part because we have grown accustomed to hearing it that way. Weingartner may have been only the second conductor to record the Seventh, or the first to record it complete if we discount Coates’s condensation, but he also was the first to re-record it, in 1927 with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra as part of a complete set to commemorate the centennial of Beethoven’s death (and he would wax it yet a third time in 1936 with the Vienna Philharmonic in a less distinctive rendition). The 1927 remake is fascinating in comparison to the acoustic venture, as the scherzo is considerably faster (140 bars to the minute v. 116), thus providing a further reminder of the tradition of individual interpretation that could vary drastically from one performance to another (here bridged by a mere few years).
Very little seems to have been written about Walter Wohllebe, other than that he was a choral director who assisted Erich Kleiber at the Berlin State Opera in 1923. Yet he must have been held in sufficient esteem to have been chosen to lead the Seventh in the first integral set of Beethoven symphonies, alongside such luminaries as Klemperer, Fried, Pfitzner and Seidler-Winkler. As might be expected of a relatively unknown conductor (he may have led only one other recording, of the Wagner Tannhauser Overture) he adheres rather closely to the prescribed tempos but with two hugely notable exceptions: he begins the allegretto at a snail’s pace of only 50 beats per minute (v. Beethoven’s 76), but then (like Coates) jumps to 69 at the first A-major section, which he maintains throughout the rest, and (like Weingartner) takes the entire trio at a lugubrious 45 bars per minute, barely half of the prescribed 84. As a further individualistic touch, he adds a melodramatic flourish to the finale by prolonging the held notes and thus disrupting the insistent rhythm. Possibly in an effort to avoid sinking below the inherent noise floor of acoustic recordings, dynamics are nearly uniformly loud throughout, thus denying us the exhilarating surges and sforzando impacts of the score. The finale fits on a single side thanks to the same cut as Coates. The fidelity is indistinct and blurry, ironically due in part to the apparent use of real basses (and their unfortunate mid-range harmonic resonance) rather than the crisper tubas that most acoustic recordings substituted. Overall, the execution is rather indifferent and slipshod, but even that may preserve a valuable tradition of sorts – by draining much of the spirit and invoking the impression of an under-rehearsed pick-up band, we can empathize with early critics who found the work long and tedious, and to marvel with appreciation at Beethoven’s care in arranging its orchestration, textures and dynamics well beyond any reasonable expectations of the concert conditions of his time.
This first electrical recording of the Symphony # 7 serves to disprove a stereotype. Perhaps due to his economical gestures, rapid tempos, obsession with fees and facetious pronouncements (conductors should never perspire; woodwinds should never be heard; the proper place for a conductor’s left [expressive] hand is in his waist-coat pocket), Richard Strauss tends to be remembered as a lazy and indifferent conductor. The generally reliable Harold Schonberg calls his records “disgraceful. … He rushes through the music with no force, no charm, no inflection and with a metronomic rigidity.” Yet nearly all Strauss’s recordings belie this damning portrayal. While most were of his own work, even his earliest (1917 acoustics of Till Eulenspiegel and Don Juan) crackle with excitement yet have plenty of repose in their central lyrical sections. (Peter Morse asserts that Strauss was late to the session and the first two sides of Don Juan in fact had been led by George Szell.) His 1926 Beethoven Seventh is generally calm but never bland, and has plenty of drama, from powerfully emphatic opening chords to setting up blazing endings of all but the allegretto, slowing in order to accentuate a final acceleration. If there is any “laziness” to Strauss’s conception, it lies in his rather formulaic tendency to link tempo and dynamics, so as to speed up for loud portions and slow down for softer ones. He even enlivens the normally steadfast finale with constant acceleration and deceleration. Strauss takes full advantage of the wider dynamic range of the then-new electrical recording process, although at the cost of some harsh sound, distortion and noise, inherent flaws of the Brunswick system which bypassed microphones for a more complex technology in which vibrations caused a mirror attached to a diaphragm to deflect a light ray onto a photocell. Unfortunately, while the rest of the symphony is presented complete, Strauss cuts the finale to fit on a single 78 rpm side and heightens the excitement by culminating in a wildly fast ending. (While the scherzo would seem the logical candidate for any necessary condensation, Strauss, despite his reputation as a speed demon, takes it at an abnormally slow pace, and his trio is barely half Beethoven’s specified tempo, so that the movement consumes a full two sides.) Any residual impression of Strauss as an uninspired conductor perhaps stems from the deep respect of one great composer for another.
Here we arrive at the first recording of the Seventh that requires few apologies or mental adjustment for its sheer sound. Richly recorded only two years after introduction of the new electrical system, it’s beautifully played with confidence and a sheen that makes Strauss sound tentative and scrappy (and perhaps emphasizes the difference between an esteemed guest conductor and a permanent music director). Stokowski’s approach is unabashedly romantic, constantly adjusting the tempos to craft an organic voyage of vibrant, shifting feeling. The allegretto, in particular, emerges as a deeply emotional journey that takes its time (10:30 v. 7:05 for Weingartner, 7:20 for Coates, 8:20 for Wohlebbe and 9:25 for Strauss) to plumb depths impossible at any tempo near Beethoven’s and slows yet further for a heart-rending conclusion. The trio, too, overflows with profound feeling. Even in the faster sections, Stokowski constantly shapes phrases and leans into climaxes, taking full advantage of the extended dynamic range to create impassioned surges in the vivace and snarling and swirling his strings in the finale (and extending held notes to break the tempo for melodramatic effect).
Ever the populist educator, Stokowski also recorded a companion “Outline of Themes” side in which he marvels at Beethoven’s creation of such a joyous work during a period of personal melancholy, repeats the cliché about the Seventh being a dance symphony and then announces and plinks out the major themes on a piano. While Stokowski’s lecture nowadays may strike us as shallow and condescending, Edward Johnson reminds us in his notes to the Biddulph CD reissue that this was the first American recording of the work, that radio and recordings were in their infancy and that many record-buyers would be hearing this symphony – and perhaps hearing of this symphony – for the very first time. That sobering thought prompts reflection on how much recordings have changed our culture from one in which the opportunity to hear a given work required the rare and taxing effort to attend a concert to one in which we have the luxury of summoning great performances at the push of a few buttons, although much may have been lost in the transition from an atmosphere demanding rapt attention to one that relegates music to superficial background.
Stokowski would record the Seventh again in 1958 with the Symphony of the Air (United Artists LP) and once more in 1973, his 91st year, near the very end of his extraordinarily prolific recording career, with the New Philharmonia Orchestra for Decca/London Phase Four. Exquisitely burnished, considerably slower and in superlative fidelity, it breathes with an autumnal perspective that lovingly transmutes impulsive energy into a smooth flow of tender affection. It also bears the dubious distinction of one of the very few stereo recordings of the Seventh to be truncated. According to the LP liner notes, “Maestro Stokowski has formed the opinion that the conventional Scherzo-Trio-Scherzo format is perfectly adequate and has subsequently omitted the second runthrough.” Even so, to all of us used to the five-part structure the abridgement comes as a surprise and is capped by an immediate leap into the finale – one more highly effective trick up the sleeve of an old master to compel us to focus our attention for a fresh experience.
The ecstatic praise heaped on this 1936 recording is truly astounding: “The Beethoven Seventh” (Kolodin); “The most perfect recording of any Beethoven symphony ever put on disc” (Records and Recordings, 1969); “Justifiably considered one of the greatest symphonic recordings ever made” (Harvey Sachs); “The standard against which all subsequent ones have been judged (and found wanting). … It remains as close to a perfect recording as one is likely to encounter this side of Elysium” (Mark Obert-Thorn). While I would hardly dare to pit my humble amateur taste against the weight of such expert authority, I just don’t hear it. Indeed, I wonder if their encomia were in part a function of the modern trend of distancing ourselves from the 19th century cult of personality in favor of a more “neutral” approach to the classics. In any event, Toscanini’s achievement here was to document a near-literal translation into sound of a score that perhaps demands (or tolerates) less “interpretation” than any of Beethoven’s other major works. His only significant departures from the score are an extremely somber poco sustenuto of 50 beats per minute v. Beethoven’s specification of 69 and an allegretto of 60 v. Beethoven’s 76; all other pacing is closely aligned with the composer’s. The method yields a striking result, enabling Toscanini to mold tempos, dynamics, textures and phrasing with a degree of subtlety that only a highly objective approach permits. Obert-Thorn reports that Toscanini had become annoyed by the start-and-stop mechanics of recording 78 rpm sides and had refused to approve efforts to record his concerts continuously on sound film, but here, at the end of his seven-year tenure with the New York Philharmonic, he agreed to momentary stops between sides, only long enough to switch the line inputs between turntables, and the result is a fine forward sweep of continuity.
To my ears, the Philharmonic set sounds bland when compared to Toscanini’s concert recordings of the era. Thus, while the timings are nearly identical, a 1935 BBC Symphony Orchestra concert (BBC Music CD) is marginally more dramatic, with more urgent articulation and inflection and a somewhat quicker allegretto. As Sachs points out, the excellence and synchronization of conductor and orchestra are remarkable, as they had only worked together for two weeks at that point. Even more intense is a 1939 concert with the NBC Symphony Orchestra (Music and Arts CD), which substitutes precision for atmosphere, abetted by a sharply detailed recording with crisp timpani, winds and brass in lieu of the smoother blend and dull thuds of the Philharmonic studio recording. And tantalizing fragments from an April 1933 Philharmonic concert, despite miserable sound, evidence a tightly focussed yet pliant approach. In comparison, Toscanini’s highly-regarded NBC 1951 studio remake (RCA LP, BMG CD) sounds rather tired, with some “lazy” trumpet figures falling behind the beat, although it is partly redeemed by even stronger timpani-fueled climaxes. Any of the Toscanini outings exemplify a dedication to presenting the score with only minimal injection of the performer’s personality. Whether that is the epitome of integrity or a lack of imagination is, for me at least, an open question. In any event, what was once a daring pioneering approach has since become the norm and deserves to be remembered on that basis, even if its sense of boldness has long since dissipated.
A simplistic myth contrasts Toscanini and Furtwangler as inhabiting the extreme opposite poles of music interpretation. Yet in Beethoven, and especially here, it seems warranted. While Toscanini presents the Symphony # 7 as pure music, Furtwangler delves deep beneath the surface to craft a radical and profoundly personal rethinking that seeks eternal truth where others are content with lyrical grace and invocations of the dance. As with so many of his interpretations, his most intense reading is preserved in a Berlin Philharmonic concert during World War II. Consider the opening – each of the tutti chords is marked staccato, indicating a sharp attack, but under Furtwangler they emerge rough and blurred, struggling to overcome the stifling silence and heralding his vision of the entire work as an elemental metaphysical struggle between energy and fatigue, light and dark, motion and stasis – a heavy, dark and brooding universe far removed from any notion of classical balance or delight, much less “the dance.” Indeed, the ensuing vivace, while taken on average at the specified pace, assumes a wholly different character as the basses growl with menace, the tympani thunder with power, the horns bray in dire warning and the whole ensemble surges ahead and then grinds to a halt on a precipice of the unknown before resuming more as a tentative searching question than an affirmative resolute conviction, pulled back to earth before it can truly soar. The opening chord of the allegretto is held for eight seconds – over twice its notated length – and also heralds the ensuing movement that is dominated by a mournful yet unstable undercurrent, smoothly gliding between 27 and 36 beats per minute (v. Beethoven’s 76). The scherzo is suitably fast but thick, underlining the difference between tempo and texture. The feeling of insecurity returns in the finale, also taken at the prescribed pace, but with huge timpani rolls, abrasive trumpet accents and insistent outbursts, sounding far more desperate than joyous. He ends with an enormous acceleration that seems more a cathartic emergence from tragedy than a triumphant outcome. Indeed, his entire interpretation invests this ostensibly festive work with a pervasive sadness that adds a fascinating level of meaning to challenge our expectations. (Furtwangler’s other extant recordings of the Seventh – a 1948 Stockkholm Philharmonic concert, a 1950 Vienna Philharmonic EMI studio recording, a 1953 Berlin Philharmonic concert and a 1954 Vienna Philharmonic concert – all follow the same general scheme, but without the intense focus of this wartime concert.)
It would be tempting to say that Mengelberg followed firmly in Furtwangler’s footsteps, had his career not begun 15 years earlier. Chronology aside, though, their approaches to the Symphony # 7 are strikingly similar, full of rolled opening chords, constantly variable tempos and thick tympani-fueled climaxes. They finally part company in the trio, which Mengelberg takes at an astoundingly protracted 40 beats per minute. But even that is a mere average, as the tempo constantly shifts and at times grinds to a near-halt, after which the scherzo snaps in with startling impact. Indeed, the effect of both the pacing and the instability is to deny any feeling for a downbeat, which dissolves into a state of suspended time that is as far from the rudiments of the dance, with its reliably consistent tempo, as can be. From that point forward, any possibility of restoring elation through the finale is irreparably lost. Indeed, Mengelberg’s finale is even darker than Furtwangler’s, owing in substantial part to the recording that emphasizes the bass-heavy sonic anchor to keep the entire work not only earth-bound but incapable of even the momentary flights of escape that his surges of onrushing power might otherwise allow. Rather, the impression is one of hesitation and uncertainty. Like Furtwangler, Mengelberg transforms the symphony into something wholly distinctive.
The pioneers clearly felt no qualms against crafting a personal statement. Their influence is felt in some more modern recordings that hold particular appeal for those familiar with the work in more standard presentations. The following examples list the actual timing and, where appropriate for a more meaningful comparison, an estimate in brackets of the result had repeats been omitted. Admittedly, timing alone is a superficial way to characterize an entire performance. Yet in a work such as the Seventh, in which rhythm is a primary driving force, it can be a significant signpost of overall approach.
While they may lack the individuality of the ones above I have enjoyed many other recordings of the Seventh.
I’ve also encountered many pleasant surprises:
Among so many fine versions of the Beethoven Seventh, just one major regret – that Charles Munch and the Boston Symphony never rerecorded their prosaic and heavily-compressed 1949 set (RCA LP, Tahra CD) – their first together. Judging from their ecstatic December 28, 1957 concert in Symphony Hall, Boston (privately circulated) plus a bracing 1963 Munch concert with the Orchestre National de France (Auvidis Valois CD), it would have been one for the ages.
By the late 1980s the movement that sought to revive “authentic” performances of Baroque music plunged ahead into the classical and early Romantic eras. Within months a bounty arrived of four historically-informed Beethoven symphony cycles, each based on thorough research intended to replicate the sounds that the composer’s audiences would have heard (and the aural image he presumably had in mind when creating his middle-period work). Others soon would follow. Using surviving instruments of the time (or careful copies), avoiding interpretive gloss, lowering the pitch, adhering to the specified tempos, minimizing vibrato, taking all repeats and observing performance practices of the time, the results are remarkably similar. (The Hanover Band paces the two slower sections – the allegretto and trios – more leisurely than the others, and the acoustic of its venue – a church – is more resonant.) Most notable to modern ears is the unaccustomed balance of the instrumental choirs, resulting in a texture of incisive winds, brass and tympani that tends to emphasize inner voices at the risk of obscuring the melody when it is assigned to the mellow, gut-strung violins. The forces vary from Goodman’s 34 strings and 15 winds and brass to Hogwood's 70 and 24, but the relative proportions and impact are comparable. While often condemned at the time as mechanical perversions of human artistry, historically-informed recordings succeeded in conjuring an era before permanent orchestras, when concerts required the hasty assembly of local musicians, who essentially sight-read new music, leaving sparse opportunities for creative input. They also fueled a debate that continues to this day, as to whether we pay better respect to Beethoven by emulating the conditions he knew (and for which he presumably fashioned his work) or by applying all the resources and growth of the last two centuries, of which, being in the forefront of his own time, he surely would have welcomed and would have taken full advantage. (We might also speculate that, profoundly deaf, Beethoven may have composed on a more abstract and idealistic level, freed from and transcending the limits of his time.)
A further development sought to meld the two extremes of the foregoing debate by applying historically-informed techniques to modern resources. While deeply cognizant of Beethoven’s state of mind, Harnoncourt uses contemporary instruments (except for natural trumpets) and asserts the right to inject some mild interpretive touches, including variations of tempo and balances to reflect the sonic characteristics of the hall, audience mood and even the time of day. Yet sharp attacks and prominent winds offset the more forceful projection and sheer heft of current instruments and massed strings. Beyond his faster tempos, Zinman goes a step further by using a new edition based on original sources, with certain ambiguities in the notation resolved on the basis of stylistic practices of the time. Most of the revisions are relatively subtle nuances and details of accents, dynamics and phrasing that hold the greatest fascination for (and would only be evident to) those intimately familiar with the work, but two in particular stand out – an added oboe cadenza bridging the development and recapitulation at bar 300 of the first movement, and the final string figure of the andante played pizzicato and preceding the final wind and horn chord (similar to a deviation from the score that Carlos Kleiber had made).
As always with my articles, I’ll take the full credit (and blame) for the musical judgments, while acknowledging the following sources for the information, quotations and references:
Copyright 2013 by Peter Gutmann
For a note about the illustrations, please click here.
copyright © 1998–2013 Peter Gutmann. All rights reserved. |
Amaryllis Apple Blossom Holiday Gift Growing Kit: Big Apple Blossom Bulb, plastic pot and saucer, and Professional Growing Medium
- This is a wonderful gift for your Gardening Friends and Family! Plan ahead, they will want to get it growing well before the Holiday season begins!
- Please note, our shipping stays the same for up to 5 items, so please make the most of your shipping dollar!
- Zone 1-10 indoors, will bloom 6-10 weeks after planting in a sunny spot indoors.
- 20-24″ tall All of our products are Daylily Nursery brand grown at Daylily Nursery, packaged in Daylily Nursery Branded materials and sent with copyrighted planting instructions.
- Bulb Size 26-28
Out of stock
Full Sun 20″-24″ Tall Blooms 6-10 weeks after planting For indoor use This wonderful kit is a great gift for anyone on your Christmas list this year. This Amaryllis in a box comes with planting instructions, 1 Amaryllis bulb (26/28 cm), 1 plastic pot, 1 plastic saucer, and professional planting mix. After you enjoy these beautiful red blooms all winter, you can plant this in your garden and where you can enjoy it through the summer! All of our products are Daylily Nursery brand grown at Daylily Nursery, packaged in Daylily Nursery Branded materials and sent with copyrighted planting instructions. |
If you spend any time trying to hunt down a diagnosis for mystery symptoms on alternative health websites, you’re likely to come across a diagnosis of “candida,” “candidiasis,” or “candida overgrowth.” You can find personal stories everywhere about people who suffered from mysterious symptoms for years and finally cured themselves by following a strict Candida diet. This is a very hotly debated topic, though, and it’s one of the alternative health claims that mainstream doctors love to criticize as completely unfounded. Is there really any truth behind it, or is it all just a bunch of quack medicine?
What Is Candida?
Candida is a type of yeast including several species; the most common is Candida albicans. Candida normally populates the gut, skin, and mucus membranes of even perfectly healthy people, so just having Candida in your body doesn’t mean anything. The problem is an overgrowth of Candida, known as “candidiasis.” This is often accompanied by other imbalances in the body’s complement of gut flora and other friendly bacteria.
Candidiasis is a very confusing condition because it means at least two different things, depending on who’s talking about it:
- To mainstream doctors, “candidiasis” refers only to specific, diagnosable, recognizable diseases like thrush (overgrowth in the mouth), yeast infections (in the vagina), or invasive candidiasis (in the bloodstream).
- To many alternative health practitioners, “candidiasis” can also refer to a chronic, subclinical Candida overgrowth in the gut, a problem with a very broad list of symptoms and no failsafe method of diagnosis.
This terminology overlap makes it very difficult to separate fact from fiction, or even properly understand what the problem is.
Chronic Candida Overgrowth: The Mainstream View
Mainstream doctors definitely recognize some kinds of chronic Candida overgrowth problems: the ones that represent as repeated cases of recognized Candida-related diseases. A look at these recognized conditions can help identify some of the factors that might play into the more debatable claims about subclinical Candida overgrowth.
Interestingly, most mainstream-accepted Candida problems occur in patients who are already sick. They’re strongly associated with underlying immune dysfunction – most famously, patients with HIV/AIDS often suffer from thrush. Patients on chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive treatments are also at much higher risk.
Another huge risk factor is antibiotics, especially repeated courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Steroid drugs can also contribute, especially when combined with antibiotics. Other studies link rising rates of Candida infection to increased rates of invasive surgical procedures and other treatments like catheters, which give the bacteria the chance to migrate to new colonization sites.
One of the most common recurring Candida infections is vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), commonly known as a yeast infection. A 2013 survey of the United States and 6 European countries found that around 30-50% of women had been diagnosed with a yeast infection at one point, and that after the initial diagnosis, recurrence was common. Overall, 9% of the total population reported having 4 or more yeast infections in a year.
As well as the immune dysfunction and antibiotic use associated with all kinds of Candida infections, diabetes and pregnancy are both risk factors for recurrent VVC, but the reason why it develops isn’t clear. Some doctors have speculated that a Candida infection in the gut forms a “reservoir” for the bacteria, but more recent studies have suggested otherwise. As well as the other risk factors, genetics may also play a role, with certain genes making a woman more susceptible to recurrence. But doctors still haven’t been able to pinpoint one cause – in fact, many clinicians even recommend complementary and alternative therapies to their patients, because conventional medicine doesn’t have an effective treatment for recurring yeast infections yet.
Clearly, mainstream medical practitioners aren’t denying that recurring Candida infections can sometimes occur, for mysterious causes. But this diagnosis still depends on the presence of definable, diagnosable diseases.
Alternative Medicine and “candida:” Nothing but Woo?
In contrast to the clear-cut disorders above, many alternative medical providers frequently diagnose patients with “candida hypersensitivity syndrome,” “chronic candidiasis,” or simply “candida.” The claim is that even in the absence of obvious symptoms, Candida overgrowth can cause all kinds of problems from chronic fatigue syndrome to headaches, to indigestion to cancer.
There are two huge problems with this diagnosis. First, the symptoms are so common (who hasn’t had a headache at some point?) and so vague (fatigue, nausea, dizziness) that they don’t present any distinct or identifiable pattern that couldn’t be explained by something else. A lot of conditions supposedly caused by Candida have so many contributing factors that they don’t clearly point to any one cause – IBS is a perfect example of this. A list of Candida symptoms reads almost like the newspaper horoscopes that are designed to be so vague that everyone can find something applicable and think it’s written just for them.
The second problem is that there is no conclusive diagnostic test. Candida is a normal resident of the gut, so just testing the stool for Candida proves nothing. Infection may provoke a kind of “immune tolerance,” (when the immune system fails to actually attack the pathogen) making it impossible to diagnose using antibody counts. It seems all too easy for unscrupulous doctors to diagnose a patient with “candida” without any means to prove them right or wrong.
Adding to the evidence against chronic Candida infection in the gut is a controlled clinical trial with nystatin, an antifungal drug commonly recommended for self-treatment for Candida. The study failed to find any significant difference between the drug itself and a placebo.
The evidence against Candida as a serious problem, in other words, is fairly strong. But considering the number of patients who report incredible success from treating a chronic Candida infection, it’s worth investigating to see if there’s truth behind the claims. So what about the evidence for it? First of all, there is some evidence that Candida in the gut can spread to other parts of the body
- Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic yeast infections are often concurrent with chronic gastrointestinal infections, and that treatment for intestinal and vaginal Candida overgrowth is more effective than vaginal treatment alone. This suggests that there’s a link between doctor-diagnosed yeast infections and the gut.
- In mice, chronic candida infection in the digestive tract showed that the candida spread to other organs as well, including the lungs, livers, and kidneys.
- One particularly crazy researcher even used himself as a test subject: after a thorough examination to prove that he didn’t have a pre-existing Candida infection, he purposefully infected himself. Two hours later, he started noticing symptoms, and found that the bacteria had spread from his gut to his blood and urine in just a few hours.
None of this is particularly conclusive, but it suggests that recurring Candida infections might have something to do with a more systemic problem in other parts of the body. It seems to fill in the missing evidence in the chronic VVC puzzle. There’s also some evidence that Candida in the GI tract can cause issues: in animal studies, gastrointestinal Candida infection exacerbated food allergies (in mice), and caused diarrhea (in rats). Human beings aren’t rats or mice, but the findings are interesting all the same.
Perhaps the most relevant studies are the ones that show how Candida interacts with commensal and pathogenic bacteria in all kinds of infections, from the classic yeast infections to completely different conditions like gingivitis and other periodontal diseases. In other words, it’s not just the Candida that changes; it’s more an overall change in the entire ecology of the area, and Candida is one part of that.
The interaction of Candida with bacteria may suggest an answer to the mystery: it’s possible that so-called “candida” is really indicative of overall poor gut health, not any particular problem specific to the Candida itself. The intestinal microbiome is a delicate balancing act between all kinds of commensal species – Candida is one of those, and is naturally kept in check by the other gut flora. If the Candida is growing too rapidly, it’s a sign that all the other species of bacteria in the gut are likely also disturbed, and gut flora dysfunction in general is a well-known contributor to all kinds of problems, even in conventional medicine.
This is a much more plausible diagnosis for a disease that seems to cover almost anyone presenting with any case of “failure to thrive.” Poor gut health affects your whole body, from your brain to your skin. It can contribute to malnourishment even in well-fed people (if your gut isn’t absorbing the nutrients), and can easily cause a vague constellation of symptoms that don’t appear to be connected to each other or anything else. The idea of “candida” as just one part of an overall unhealthy gut is supported by the fact that most of the risk factors for chronic thrush or yeast infections (broad-spectrum antibiotics, diabetes, and compromised immunity) are associated with gut dysbiosis. The interaction between Candida and bacteria in all kinds of infections is another clue. In other words, the Candida infections that we can measure accurately are linked to changes in the body’s bacterial ecology. “Candida” might just be a diagnosis of overall gut dysfunction.
This isn’t to say that it’s not a serious problem – gut flora dysbiosis is incredibly harmful, and very common. In the modern world, it’s likely that almost everyone has at least some gut flora dysfunction. Ignoring all other causes, the incredible overuse of antibiotics alone (not only in the doctor’s office – 80% of antibiotics are fed to livestock for human consumption, and plenty of those end up in our food and water supply) would be enough to take a heavy toll at the population level. So it’s no surprise that everyone seems to be suffering from “candida symptoms.”
Candida overgrowth in the form of thrush or a yeast infection is definitely a problem. Subclinical overgrowth in the small intestine (the alternative medicine diagnosis of “candida”) is a much murkier situation entirely, mostly because it’s an incredibly nebulous list of symptoms and impossible to diagnose specifically. Overall gut flora dysfunction might be the link between the mainstream and alternative diagnoses – it’s more likely that “candida” symptoms are caused by gut problems in general.
Some of the people who self-diagnose with candida are very, very sick. Healing your gut is incredibly important in that situation, but make sure you’re going about it in a reasonable way. If you’re experiencing a dangerous degree of weight loss or another serious problem, it’s very likely that you have a gut flora imbalance that a doctor can actually diagnose – try asking for a stool test (or get one online) to give yourself some more information. And if you have cancer, a severe immunodeficiency, or another serious disease, don’t be trapped by ridiculous claims that “cancer is a fungus” (as some “candida” specialists actually believe).
Even if you identify with the milder end of the “candida symptoms” scale, these just aren’t symptoms that you can pin down to any one problem. You might also have any other kind of gut flora problem, chronic infection, low-level allergy, or food intolerance. You might be chronically tired or stressed. Trying some home remedies isn’t likely to do much harm, but a better strategy might be to heal your gut on a more general level. Focusing just on Candida might actually be counterproductive, if your problem is actually a bacterial overgrowth like SIBO, or a different kind of problem affecting the gut flora. Especially if you’re new to Paleo, first try giving your body everything it needs to see how many of the vague “candida symptoms” are actually caused by overall gut dysbiosis, nutrient deficiencies, or food toxins, and stay very skeptical when you try to evaluate miraculous claims about any particular food or supplement. |
President Obama knows all too well how difficult it is to quit smoking, and today he addressed his struggle to kick the habit just before signing a law he hopes will help other people put out their cigarettes too.
"Each day, 1,000 young people under the age of 18 become new, regular, daily smokers, and almost 90 percent of all smokers began at or before their 18th birthday," Obama said today. "I know. I was one of these teenagers. And so I know how difficult it can be to break this habit when it's been with you for a long time."
"This legislation is a victory for bipartisanship, and it was passed overwhelmingly in both houses of Congress," Obama said today. "It's a victory for health care reform, as it will reduce some of the billions we spend on tobacco-related health care costs in this country."
Watch ABC News Primetime: Questions for the President -- Prescription for America on Wednesday, June 24 at 10 p ET.
Public health organizations and many lawmakers, several of whom joined Obama today for the signing, have been fighting for regulation for nearly a decade in hopes of helping an estimated 45 million adult smokers in the United States to kick their habit.
The law means the government will have the power to decide how cigarettes are advertised and monitor how they're promoted to young people. It means cigarette makers will be required to include new, larger warning graphics with more health information on their products and will be prohibited from using words like "light" and "low tar" in their marketing.
While the law does not have the power to ban cigarettes and nicotine outright, it does allow the FDA to reduce nicotine levels and harmful chemicals in tobacco products.
"Forty-five years after the first U.S. surgeon general's report linking cigarette smoking to lung cancer, the most deadly product sold in America will no longer be the least-regulated product sold in America," said Matthew Myers, president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, in a statement earlier this month when Congress passed the bill.
Within the year, a rule will also be reinstated that prohibits outdoor tobacco ads within 1,000 feet of schools and playgrounds, and bans tobacco brands from sponsoring sports and entertainment events, according to the law.
At the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, CEO John R. Seffrin said the changes "will finally put an end to Big Tobacco's despicable marketing practices that are designed to addict children to its deadly products."
Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius also pinned high hopes on the effort.
"This legislation is a key part of our plans to cut health care costs and reduce the number of Americans who smoke," Sebelius said in a June 11 statement.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 440,000 people die prematurely from smoking each year, with an estimated 49,000 of those deaths due to secondhand smoke exposure.
"This legislation provides a tremendous opportunity to finally hold tobacco companies accountable and restrict efforts to addict more children and adults," American Heart Association CEO Nancy Brown said in a June 11 statement. "It has been a long and challenging process to move the bill through Congress but the determination of many concerned parents and supporters has never wavered."
Twenty years ago, the Senate passed a measure -- by just one vote -- that banned smoking on airplanes. Today even tobacco-producing states have smoking bans in bars and restaurants.
But giving the FDA power to regulate tobacco is a huge move that's been in the works for a long time. In 2000, the Supreme Court ruled the FDA could not regulate tobacco according to current law, and many lawmakers and anti-smoking groups have been trying to change the law since.
"Tobacco products are unlike any other products on the market in that they are unusually lethal, but yet not highly regulated," FDA Commissioner Margaret "Peggy" Hamburg told a Senate panel last month as lawmakers considered her nomination for the job.
"We have tried for 10 years and we have failed," Sen. Chris Dodd, D-Conn., said in a speech on the Senate floor earlier this month. "Think what kind of a difference we could have made. How many lives we would have saved if we passed this 10 years ago."
The measure cleared its final hurdles earlier this month on Capitol Hill when the House and the Senate finally passed the bill and sent it to the president to sign.
Obama quickly expressed his support for the measure -- marking a departure from President Bush, who had suggested he would veto legislation that gave the FDA authority over tobacco.
To fund the regulatory effort, the FDA will collect user fees from the tobacco industry.
Not surprisingly, much of the tobacco industry opposed the bill, but there were some major exceptions to that rule. The giant Altria, parent company of Philip Morris, took an "if you can't beat 'em, join 'em" approach and supported the measure, although some complained the company contributed to a watering down of the bill.
Altria called the measure "not perfect" in a June 11 statement after the Senate voted on the measure.
"We have expressed First Amendment reservations about certain provisions, including those that could restrict a manufacturer's ability to communicate truthful information to adult consumers about tobacco products," the statement said. "We also believe that the resolution of certain issues would best be handled by rulemaking processes that involve sound scientific data and public participation."
Still, the company added, "On balance, however, the legislation is an important step forward to achieve the goal we share with others to provide federal regulation of tobacco products."
The tobacco industry has already been readying itself for a tougher U.S. regulatory environment by expanding its overseas marketing and developing new smokeless products.
ABC News' Z. Byron Wolf, Dean Norland and Jake Tapper contributed to this report. |
के भी निर्देश दिए हैं। कहतो इमामगंज, गया, बिहार स्थित एक गाँव है। (जी.एन.एस) ता.16 कोलकाता गुरुदेव रबींद्रनाथ टैगोर के प्रशंसकों को इस बार उनकी 77वीं पुण्यतिथि पर खास भेंट मिलने जा रही है। दरअसल, इस साल 7 अगस्त को उनकी पुण्यतिथि पर रचना गीतांजलि की हस्तलिखित कॉपी का अनुलिपि संस्करण जारी किया जाएगा। बता दें कि हाल ही में प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने विश्व भारती विश्वविद्यालय में चांसलर के रूप में दौरे के दौरान ही जन प्रसार के लिए इस दुर्लभ प्रति बता दें कि मिर्जा हिमायत बैग को आतंकवादी गतिविधियों के तहत दोषी मानते हुए विशेष अदालत ने मौत की सजा सुनाई थी. बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट ने हिमायत बैग को आतंकवादी गतिविधियों से बरी कर दिया था. विस्फोटक रखने के लिए एक्सप्लोसिव सब्सटांस एक्ट के तहत दोषी मानते हुए उम्र कैद की सजा सुनाई थी. सरकार का कहना है कि हिमायत बैग के खिलाफ पर्याप्त सबूत होने के बावजूद हाईकोर्ट ने उसको बरी कर दिया था. हिमायत बैग इस समय जेल में बंद है. कंपनी ने बताया कि इस इंजीनियर का नाम एलेक्स खातिलोव ( ) है. वह दो हफ्तों से कंपनी के साथ काम कर रहा था. कंपनी की ओर से की गई शिकायत में कहा गया</s> |
This course is offered through the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute (OLLI) at Colorado State University. You must be a member of Osher to enroll in this course.
During 1941-42 British Commonwealth armies captured iraq, occupied Southern Persia, overcame French Vichy forces in Syria, and secured their positions in Egypt. Britain’s strongholds of Malta, Gibraltar, Alexandria, Cyprus, Palestine, and the Suez Canal persevered. After two and a half years of back and forth combats, at the Second Battle of El Alamein, the Commonwealth Eighth Army defeated the Axis forces and traversed Libya into Tunisia. In November 1942, Anglo-American forces landed in Vichy held French Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch). The Tunisia campaign followed.
By May 1943, the crushed Axis troops in Africa surrendered. The opening blows against Hitler’s "Fortress Europe" started from the Mediterranean.
Noncredit courses do not produce academic credit nor appear on a Colorado State University academic transcript.
Dr. Isaac Eliachar
Dr. Isaac Eliachar is a retired physician who headed the laryngotracheal reconstruction section at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Since his retirement, he has actively pursued his interests in World War II and post-war history, teaching history courses at the Palm Springs Air Museum and for the Osher Institute at Cal State San Bernardino, Palm Desert Campus. |
यहां टाटा समूह के चेयरमैन साइरस मिस्त्री और पूर्व चेयरमैन रतन टाटा की मौजूदगी में ऐतिहासिक गोपाल मैदान मे टाटा स्टील के 174 वे संस्थापक दिवस खेलकूद समारोह के दौरान आयोजित सम्मान समारोह मे व्यक्तिगत रूप से उपस्थित नहीं हो सकीं। बता दें कि जब से दिल्ली में केजरीवाल सरकार बनी है तभी से राज्य सरकार और उपराज्यपाल के बीच अधिकारों की लड़ाई जारी है। झरिया के अग्नि प्रभावित क्षेत्र में बिछायी जा रही गैस पाइपलाइन, कह रहे लोग सरकारी राशि का है दुरुपयोग केंद्र ने निश्शुल्क दिया अतिरिक्त अनाज तीसरा आर्य सत्य दुःखनिरोध है। यह प्रतिसर्गमुक्त और अनालय है। तृष्णा का निरोध करने से निर्वाण की प्राप्ति होती है, देहदंड या कामोपभोग से मोक्षलाभ होने का नहीं। यह दुःखनिरोध नाम का आर्य सत्य साक्षात्करणीय कर्तव्य है। करें ऑनलाइन रजिस्ट्रेशन प्रधानमंत्री आवास ग्रामीण की जारी स्टेट रैंकिंग में कानपुर काफी पिछड़ गया है। कानपुर 52वें स्थान पर पहुंच गया है। कानपुर में 94 फीसदी आवास ही पूरे हो सके है। तीन साल में 75 और चल रहे वित्तीय वर्ष में 34 आवास अधूरे हैं। परियोजना निदेशक डीआरडीए केके पांडेय ने बताया कि लॉकडाउन की वजह से आवास बनाने का काम ठप रहा है। 109 में से 40 आवासों का काम</s> |
A hot mess on the public transport system of northern Melbourne, Nitida is part of many local acts she is probably best known for being 50% of the girl odyssey on the rise to stardom, Don’t Thank Me, Spank Me!. Her solo project swaps silly for sentimental but is still from the same place of naturally born, intrinsically feminine pop songs. Nitida released her debut album Dust Kickin’ in October 2020 available on all streaming platforms. Come and listen to all her new songs. 2 sets from 4pm. |
When a little girl starts to learn how to climb a tall building, she learns the rules for jumping.
In this case, a 5-year-old girl is the one who learned the ropes.
The girl jumped off the Empire State Building on June 30, 2012, to a thrill that lasted more than a half-hour.
A photographer was on hand to capture the jump, but her camera failed.
She later learned how to use her phone and a camera app to capture video of the girl as she climbed to safety.
An ABC News affiliate in Washington, D.C., reported that the girl had climbed the Empire, which sits at about 2,800 feet above sea level, without a safety net or a rope.
That’s the height of the building, but the video doesn’t show her reaching the top.
Instead, the girl’s video shows her running from one edge of the Empire to another, her feet on the floor.
When the girl gets up from the railing, she grabs a small bag and climbs up a few steps.
She then jumps back down.
There are three levels of the tower, one for pedestrians and another for those using ropes to climb.
There is a safety railing that allows people to climb the tower.
She can then use a rope to cross the street.
But this video doesn, too.
After the jump the girl runs down the street to her car, where she hands over her camera to the photographer.
Her mother, who lives in Brooklyn, New York, told the news outlet that she was shocked by the video.
“It just makes me cry because that’s her first time,” the mom said.
“I don’t understand how a child could go so high.”
A woman who saw the video posted on Facebook expressed outrage.
She said that it showed a child who is “still learning the ropes” to a grown woman who is doing everything she can to help. |
ने इस बारे में ट्वीट किया है। इसमें उन्होंने लिखा कि आज अमर स्वतंत्रता सेनानी लाला लाजपत राय की जयंती है। इस मौके पर मैं उन्हें याद कर नमन कर रही हूं। लाला लाजपत राय भारत के जैन धर्म के अग्रवंश मे जन्मे एक प्रमुख स्थापना दिवस समारोह के लिए नामित की गयी कैलाश खेर की कंपनी कोहली ने बनाए रिकॉर्ड पार्टी के मुख्यमंत्री पद के उम्मीदवार हर्षवर्धन अपनी वर्तमान सीट कृष्णनगर से ही चुनाव लड़ेंगे। विजेन्द्र गुप्ता शालीमार बाग या रोहिणी से चुनाव लड़ना चाहते थे, लेकिन उम्मीदवारों की सूची जारी करने से कुछ ही मिनट पहले उन्हें नई दिल्ली सीट से शीला दीक्षित के खिलाफ खड़ा होने को कहा गया। दीक्षित के इस सीट से लड़ने की संभावना है और इसी सीट से आम आदमी पार्टी के प्रमुख अरविंद केजरीवाल भी मैदान में उतर रहे हैं। मालदीव के लिए रवाना होते वक्त तैमूर अपने पापा सैफ अली खान की गोद में सो रहे थे। इस दौरान जब फोटोग्राफर्स ने उनकी फोटो लेनी शुरू की तो वो नींद से जाग गए और उनीदीं आखों से सबको देखते रहे। हालांकि, सैफ लगातार सबको फोटो लेने के लिए मना करते रहे। सदर कोतवाली पुलिस और क्राइम ब्रांच की संयुक्त टीम ने</s> |
हरसंभव मदद उपलब्ध कराने का वादा किया. अमेठी में राहुल गांधी का तिलस्म टूटा व्यापारी दुकान के बाहर न रखें सामान व साइन बोर्ड तो अब मैं चलता हूँ ।जाते जाते मैंने उससे कहा कि मैं बुरा इंसान नहीं हूँ कम से कम आप मुझे अपना नाम तो बता ही सकती है । हम दोनों के होठों पर मुस्कुराहट थी अच्छा तो चलता हूँ ,जाने लगा तो पीछे से आवाज आयी कि मेरा नाम सौंदर्या है और तब मैंने भी खुद को धवल बताया । 2020 में भी घटाई गई थी क्वालीफाइंग कटऑफ इस वर्ष भी पूर्ण संभावना 1:11 बजे। इस साल 2500 किलोमीटर तक नई लाइनें बिछायी जायेंगी। वहीं 750 किलोमीटर तक डबलिंग की जायेगी। तत्काल हिंदी न्यूज़ उत्तराखंड हल्द्वानी दोहरे हत्याकांड में लकी कमांडो समेत पांचों आरोपी बरी दान का कई वर्षों तक मिलेगा विशेष फल इस पर पुरुष छात्रावास में रहने वाले छात्रों ने बाहरी युवकों का विरोध शुरू कर दिया। सभी छात्र एकजुट होकर हास्टल से बाहर निकल आए। बाहरी युवकों ने छात्रों को पीट दिया। सूचना पर हॉस्टल वार्डन सतीश कुमार, समाज कल्याण अधिकारी करुणेश त्रिपाठी और सिविल लाइन पुलिस मौके पर पहुंच गई। अगर एयरलांइस अच्छी तरह से प्रशिक्षित पायलटों को नियुक्त कर रही</s> |
Interview with Ely headmaster on education and attainment in his school
Age Group : 14-16,16+
Subject : Sociology
Topic : Community and culture
Keywords : Education, State schools, Meritocracy, Labelling, Cultural factors, Material factors, Underachievement, Social class
Notes : DISCUSSION • What is educational attainment? • Why do some pupils cope better than others? • EXTENDED WORK • Investigate and compare figures for attainment for 3 schools in different areas ; eg city centre, middle class, rural, urban, etc. • Investigate the differences between private and state schools - in terms of attainment / fees paid / facilties / etc. REVISION • Outline and explain the effects of social class on educational attainment. • Outline and explain the effects of cultural and material factors on levels of educational attainment. • Discuss the viewpoint that factors external to the school are responsible for underachievement in education by the working class.
Need other subjects? More clips? Browse our archive Eclips site. |
by Carol Sulik, 5th grade Math Teacher
1995-1996 School Year
M. C. Escher was a Dutch artist who lived from 1898 - 1971. Many of his
drawings were tessellations. Instead of using the usual polygons, like triangles
and squares to tessellate, he liked to create pictures of horses, fish, salamanders,
and birds that he could tessellate.
Index of Student Tessellations
How students created the tessellations
How we put this project on the Web
Other Sites Related to This Topic
This page is maintained by Mary O'Haver, Fairland
Elementary School, and Prof. Thomas O'Haver , University of Maryland. Comments, suggestions and questions should be directed to Mary O'Haver at [email protected] or Prof. O'Haver at [email protected].
This page was first created on March 22,1996
Last updated March 22, 1996 |
नहीं. यही कारण है कि अब जेठालाल ने अपनी अटकी पेमेंट निकालने के लिए बोगीलाल से मिलने का प्लान बनाया है जिसमें सोसायटी के एकमेव सेक्रेटरी और रोशन सिंह सोढ़ी भी मिल चुके हैं. और अब ये सभी मिलकर बोगीलाल को बेवकूफ बनाने के लिए निकल चुके हैं. हाथी ने हमला कर बस से खींच शिक्षक को पटकर मार डाला खेल मंत्री संदीप सिंह ने कहा कि किसानों के जीवन में बदलाव लाने के लिए तीनों कृषि कानून अचूक बाण साबित होंगे। यूरिक एसिड करता है कंट्रोल: कई औषधीय गुणों से भरपूर इलायची यूरिक एसिड के स्तर को नियंत्रित करने में मदद करता है। साथ ही, गठिया के मरीजों के लिए भी इसका सेवन फायदेमंद होता है। इसके अलावा, इलायची में जो तत्व पाए जाते हैं वो यूरिक एसिड बढ़ने के कारण होने वाली परेशानियों जैसे कि जोड़ों के दर्द और सूजन को भी कम करने में मदद करता है। जिसमे अमर उजाला से बातचीत में अनीसा ने कहा था कि दिल्ली कॉमनवेल्थ में दो स्वर्ण पदक जीतने के बाद भी सरकार ने उन्हें कोई सहयोग नहीं दिया। अपने दम पर उन्हें वर्ल्ड कप व कॉमनवेल्थ की तैयारी करनी पड़ी। ऐसे में वह रजत पदक जीतने पर सरकार से क्या</s> |
के वाहनों के लिए बंद है भारी हिमपात के चलते यहां लोक निर्माण विभाग के मजदूरों को सड़क से बर्फ हटाने में कड़ी मशक्कत करनी पड़ रही है। राजधानी में जीवन बचाने वाली दवा के नाम पर बिक रही मौत राजस्व के मामलों का मौके पर निस्तारण न होने से मायूस लौट रहे फरियादी सहरसा के तीनों रेलखंड सहित अन्य जगहों पर 12 दिनों तक चलाए गए अभियान में आठ हजार 620 बेटिकट यात्रियों को पकड़ा गया। समस्तीपुर मंडल के सीनियर डीसीएम सरस्वती चन्द्र ने बताया कि आठ हजार 620 बेटिकट यात्रियों से 40 लाख 26 हजार 600 रुपए जुर्माना वसूला गया। चीन से तनाव के बीच अमेरिका ने निभाई दोस्ती, भारत के गजराज को देगा जीवनदान प्रणब इसे अब भूल जाना चाहिए, मैंने उनसे बात की, वो बहुत अच्छी हैं। मैंने उन्हें शपथग्रहण में भी बुलाया है और मुझे उम्मीद है कि वो आएंगी। कोरोना की नहीं थम रही रफ्तार, इन जिलों में हैं सबसे ज्यादा केस नवीन जयहिंद ने कहा कि आम आदमी पार्टी मुद्दों को लेकर जनता के बीच जा रही है. साथ ही ये भी कहा कि अन्य दल दिल्ली के केजरीवाल सरकार ( ) की नकल करने में लगे हैं. उन्होंने कांग्रेस पर प्रहार करते</s> |
A foliar fertilizer developed by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists to alleviate the condition known as "mouse-ear" in pecan trees has been licensed to NIPAN, LLC, of Valdosta, Ga. NIPAN will produce the nickel-based treatment under the trade name NICKEL PLUS. Mouse-ear reduces pecan trees' health and size, makes the trees' limbs brittle, and shrinks nut yields.
The mouse-ear abnormality shows itself as rounded or blunt-tipped leaves. Previously recognized as "little leaf," it's becoming increasingly common in second-generation orchards when pecan trees are replanted. It can also occur in other trees, such as river birch. One treatment of NICKEL PLUS, sprayed on foliage about two weeks after budbreak, is usually sufficient to correct the disorder.
ARS plant pathologist Charles Reilly, nematologist Andrew Nyczepir and Bruce Wood, research leader at the Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory in Byron, Ga., determined nickel deficiency to be the cause of mouse-ear. They observed a lack of nickel uptake by affected trees, even when there was an abundance of nickel in the soil. They found that even a severe case of mouse-ear could be corrected by a timely foliar application of nickel liganosulfonate.
Heavy metals such as zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt and copper compete with nickel for uptake channels in the feeder roots of the pecan tree. Additionally, lighter metals such as calcium and magnesium also act to indirectly limit nickel uptake. The researchers found that nickel deficiency had usually been induced by excessive soil or plant accumulation of other elements due to decades of fertilizer applications.
Wood assisted with determining the liquid formulation for NICKEL PLUS, which was developed by NIPAN, LLC. The formulation has now been approved by several state departments of agriculture as a fertilizer for correcting nickel deficiency problems.
The severe form of mouse-ear most commonly occurs in the southeastern Georgia sector of the U.S. pecan belt, but is also found throughout much of the Gulf Coast coastal plain.
ARS is the USDA's chief scientific research agency. |
इंजन के साथ लॉन्च करने वाली है। तकनीक हमेशा अच्छी ही मानी जाती है। हर नई तकनीक एक नई सुविधा के साथ आपके काम को और भी ज्यादा आसान बना देती है। अब मोबाइल फोन को ही लीजिए। बदलते रूप के साथ इसने कितना कुछ आसान कर दिया। आज आप इससे जरूरीगैरजरूरी बातों के अलावे फेसबुक चैटिंग, ऑनलाइन गेम्स जैसी कई आधुनिक सुविधाओं का लाभ कहीं भी ले सकते हैं। और तो और अब मोबाइल बैंकिंग से फोन बिल, बिजली बिल तक आप अपने अत्याधुनिक मोबाइल फोन से भी भर सकते हैं। यहां तक कि अपने बैंक अकाउंट से दूसरे बैंक अकाउंट में आप पैसे ट्रांसफर कर सकते हैं, पार्क में घूमते हुए, दोस्तों संग मस्ती करते हुए, ट्रेन में यात्रा करते हुए, आधी रात में अपने बिस्तर पर लेटे हुए अपने मोबाइल एप्स से खरीदारी कर सकते हैं। पर जनाब, आपका यह आराम का साथी आपको बुरी तरह चौंका सकता है। हम हैकिंग की बात नहीं कर रहे। शायद आप अंदाजा भी नहीं लगा सकते कि कभी ऐसा भी हो सकता है। केंद्रीय स्वास्थ्य मंत्रालय ने मंगलवार को बताया कि देश में अब तक कोविड19 टीकों की 82,65,15,75 खुराक दी जा चुकी है. मंत्रालय ने बताया कि मंगलवार को</s> |
Historical and other information
South Africa, every sort of fact, but mostly dates, by Ben Cahoun
South African History Time Line maintained by Dennis Pretorius. The web site states that the initial details of these pages were supplied by David Morris, Anne Lehmkuhl and Ian Scholtz (as does the site below), but these two timelines do differ in many instances and it is worth checking both.
South African Orientated Time Line by Anne Lehmkuhl, David Morris, Ian Scholtz Dick Whitlock. A chronological list of dates and historical events mainly pertaining to South Africa.
Army Nursing in the Boer War, by Keiron Spires, a short account of the medical and nurseing back ground and a long list of around 900 nursting staff, on the British side only, involved in the Anglo-South African War of 1899-1902
British 1820 Settlers to South Africa - by Paul Tanner-Tremaine. Also presents, under the heading 'Downloads', family trees for a selection of these settlers. These are presented in a much more readable style than on the previous web site, but sources of the information, although some are included, are few.
The other particularly valuable section is included under the heading 'Topics' and includes extracts from contemporary newspapers and letters as well as modern articles.
Some sections of the web site are unavailable except on free registration of your details.
Genealogy World This web site has some useful information, particularly on Natal settlers of English origin, with numerous ship passenger lists transcribed from newspapers of the time.
German South African Resource Page - by Joachim Schubert. Dedicated to German South Africans, including genealogy, local history and church matters. Where ever possible, identical pages have been made available in English and German.
History of the Cape of Good Hope under the VOC - an excellent survey up to 1795, by Dr Helena Liebenberg
Let them Speak:Slave Stamouers of South Africa, by A.M. van Rensburg. Includes several seachable databses concerned with slaves at the Cape.
Natal - European Immigration Registers. Rosemary Dixon-Smith describes these registers indexes held in the Pietermaritzburg Archives which can help trace the arrival of immigrants to Natal. One of the many useful articles on GenealogyWorld.net
Natal Passenger Lists 1846 to 1909. These passenger transcribed from the newspapers Natal Witness and Natal Mercury. Be sure to read the introduction at the foot of the page.
Natalia, the journal of the Natal Society, contains historical and other articles on Natal and its people. Articles can be downloaded free of charge.
Numbering Systems in Genealogy by Richard A. Pence. If you wonder what the strange a1b2c3 codes are in South African genealogies!
Roman Numeral Year Dates, A Conversion Guide by Christopher Handy. An excellent guide to interpreting Roman numerals.
South African Genealogy, by Sharon Warr. German Military Settler Marriages 1857, Ships & Passengers, Wrecks & Survivors, Books & Cds, Medical Practitioners In The Cape Colony 1863.
South African Passenger Lists, author not stated.
Stamouers of South Africa - lots of information - maintained by André van Rensburg
EMAGAMENI, the Place of Names by Denise le Roux. A collection of books and articles on Pretoria history written by Tom Andrews in the form of Adobe Acrobat (pdf) files. |
|The American Presidency Project|
|• William J. Clinton|
|The President's Radio Address|
|May 27, 2000|
|Good morning. Memorial Day weekend is a special time to honor those who have fought for our freedom, but also to gather with our family and friends at picnics and backyard barbecues. Where we take pride in serving up plenty of good food, we should also take pains that the food we serve is good for us. Today I want to talk about new steps we're taking to empower Americans with the latest and best information on food and nutrition.
For 20 years now, the Federal Government has been setting guidelines for good nutrition based on the best scientific evidence. And for over 6 years, the Government has required nutrition labeling on most foods. With better information, Americans are making better choices. We're eating less fat as a percentage of our diet, more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and average blood cholesterol levels are going down.
Yet despite this progress, the vast majority of Americans still don't have healthy diets, and some changes in our lifestyles are making matters worse. We're eating more fast food because of our hectic schedules, and we're less physically active because of our growing reliance on modern conveniences, from cars to computers to remote controls. As a result, more and more Americans are overweight or obese, including one in 10 children. This is an alarming trend, because obesity and bad eating habits contribute to four of the leading causes of death: heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes.
To address these challenges, experts from around our Nation will meet next week in Washington for a summit on nutrition sponsored by the Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services. It will be the first national nutrition summit in 31 years. To kick off the summit, today I am releasing the Federal Government's new Dietary Guidelines 2000. They're updated every 5 years. These guidelines serve as the gold standard of nutritional information. They determine, among other things, the nutritional content of the lunches served to 26 million of our children every day in school.
These new guidelines strengthen the message that doctors and scientists have been telling us for some time now: We should choose more whole-grain foods and a variety of fruits and vegetables every day, and we should moderate the saturated fat, cholesterol, sugar, salt, and alcohol in our diets.
There are two new guidelines this year as well. One emphasizes the importance of handling and storing food safely. The other makes clear the enormous benefits of building physical activity into our daily lives. Just a brisk 30minute walk five times a week, for instance, can cut the chance of developing or dying from heart disease in half.
I'm also pleased to announce today that this summer the Federal Government will propose that packaged meat and poultry sold in stores must come with nutrition labels. This is just plain common sense. Shoppers value the fact that when they pick up a box of cereal or a frozen meal, they can check the nutrition labels and see how many calories or grams of saturated fat these foods contain. That's the same kind of information that ought to be put on every package of ground beef. Currently, fewer than 60 percent of retailers do so, because nutrition labeling for meat is voluntary. It's time we made it mandatory.
Providing citizens with accurate information that affects their lives is one of Government's most vital responsibilities. But citizens have a responsibility to use that information wisely, as well, especially when it comes to the food they provide their children and the habits they encourage in them. So this weekend, have a good time. Let's all eat well and eat right. Let's enjoy the outdoors and get some physical activity and be thankful for the bounteous times in which we live and the country that makes us so proud.
Thanks for listening.
|Citation: William J. Clinton: "The President's Radio Address", May 27, 2000. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=58561.|
© 1999-2011 - Gerhard Peters - The American Presidency Project |
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पर शुक्रवार को शहर में निकली रथ यात्रा व शोभायात्रा में रामभक्त उमड़ पड़े। शोभायात्रा में जयश्री राम के नारों से सारा शहर गुंजता रहा। स्थानीय गोदना ठाकुरबाड़ी से भगवान श्रीराम की प्रतिमा... नवरात्र के अंतिम दो दिन अष्टमी व नवमीं को कन्या पूजन की परम्परा हैं। जिसमें दो वर्ष से लेकर दस वर्ष तक की कन्याओं की पूजा की जाती हैं। माना जाता हैं कि ये माता का ही एक रूप होती हैं, लेकिन क्या आप जानते हैं कि आयु के अनुसार कन्या पूजन के फल भी अलग अलग होते हैं। क्रिसमस और नए साल के बाद बसों में उमड़ी भीड़ दानापुरआनंद विहार टर्मिनल सहित चार जोड़ी ट्रेनें 27 से रद्द, पटना एयरपोर्ट से रद्द रहीं 14 जोड़ी फ्लाइटें उन्होंने अपने शुरुआती दो दिनों की यात्रा में तीन मई को सिरसी, सागरा, बलेहोंनुर, शृंगेरी व चिकमंगलूर में जनसभाओं को संबोधित किया। चार मई (शुक्रवार) को वे बैंदुर, भटकल, कापू, बंटवाल, सूरतकल में जनसभाओं को संबोधित करेंगे। कैंट स्टेशन को सैटेलाइट के तौर पर डेवलप करने के लिए चल रहे वर्क को कंप्लीट करने के लिए इस बार भी बजट मिला है। वहीं कैंट के पास अंडरपास बनाए जाने के लिए भी 3 करोड़ रुपए मिले हैं। दुकानदार का फोन</s> |
For the First Time, A Snapshot of A Single Atom’s Shadow
There’s no way to take a direct picture of something as small and fleeting as a Higgs boson. But physicists...
There’s no way to take a direct picture of something as small and fleeting as a Higgs boson. But physicists can photograph its relatives, directly imaging atomic structures and improving our understanding of atomic physics. Now comes this picture: The first-ever snapshot of a single atom’s shadow.
This is the smallest thing that can be seen in visible light. A team led by Dave Kielpinski at Griffith University in Australia figured out how to grasp a single ytterbium ion in an electric field, holding it in place so it could be photographed. They shone light on it in a specific frequency, and used an ultra-high-resolution microscope to focus on it. The atom cast a shadow on a CCD detector, which captured the image you see here.
The team wanted to prove how many atoms it takes to cast a shadow, and it turns out it was just one. This has some practical applications, too, like determining what types of light would be needed to watch certain biological processes without damaging them.
The research appears this week in Nature Communications. |
Safety Tips for Forklift Battery
Forklift batteries are dangerous to handle in a few situations. Until now, there are many accidents from minor to major occurred with wrong handling, charging or discharging of the batteries. A person handling or driving forklift trucks should know the basics about the battery of the truck. Some threats are associated not with the person
s life, but these are associated with the battery life as well. So in any case from charging to handling you need proper care and assistance. </p> <p>Few very important forklift battery safety tips required to know for every forklift handler and driver. </p> <p><b>Possible Hazards:</b></p> <p>The hazard can be categorized under four areas: Acid, Hydrogen Gas, Electric Shock and handling mistakes. </p> <p>Every employee and forklift driver under the work zone should be directed about these four circumstances. Acid can damage skin and your clothes. It can burn the skin and your clothes. Hydrogen gas can be more dangerous as it can cause an explosion. Electric shock usually occurs due to wrong terminals connection and touching the wires in a wrong way. Generally batteries weight is up to 900kg. Another possible hazard is holding batteries in incorrect way, which can cause back pain and muscle strain. </p> <p>Batteries can be dangerous even when charging. At the time of charging they emit arsine and antimony hydride. Both these can be dangerous for a person and the work environment. </p> <p><b>Check list of Personal Protections Equipment (PPE):</b></p> <p>Keep the emergency tool kit near you when washing or handling batteries. </p> <p><b>Gloves:</b> An employee should be careful when touching batteries. Make sure to wear gloves at the time of battery cleaning. The acid appearance on the surface of battery can injure your skin.</p> <p><b>Apron:</b> Protect your clothes from the acid by wearing a rubber apron. </p> <p><b>Face Shield</b>: Wear a face shield to save your face from electrolyte. </p> <p><b>Goggles</b> are necessary to wear when cleaning the battery to protect your eyes. </p> <p><b>Eye washer:</b> Electrolyte is very dangerous for the eyes. In case of emergency keep an eye washer near you.</p> <p>Keep checking and cleaning batteries time to time. The acid layer on the surface of battery can minimize the battery life. </p> <p>Before you attach the battery to the truck, positive and negative terminals should be carefully attached. Attaching same terminal can not only cause of electric shock, but it will also ruin the terminal and wires. </p> <p>You should have proper tools when checking, holding and cleaning batteries.</p> <p>Make sure that you dont touch the terminals when they are connected and current is passing through them. Many serious injuries and deaths were seen by this mistake.
For the trainers this is necessary to include hazard protection guidelines in the course.
If charging the battery, choose the appropriate place. The place should be non-greasy and smoke free. Prohibit anything that can ignite the gas, being generated during battery charging.
The batteries should not be over charged.
Charge them with the proper charger. Do not try to charge the battery with unmatched and inappropriate charger.
During charge batteries emit some dangerous substances, so keep the area risk free.
Adding all above guides to your work will not only save your life, but also will extend the battery life span.
Mary is a professional author writing helpful content for various platforms. Currently she is working with Altus Forklift Rentals LLC in marketing department. |
को अभिराज मीनावाला डायरेक्ट कर रहे हैं और ये उनकी पहली फिल्म है. आपको बता दें कि अभिराज ने इससे पहले सलमान की फिल्म सुल्तान में असिस्टेंट डायरेक्टर के तौर पर काम किया था. प्रियंका चोपड़ा ने भी फिल्म के लिए आयुष और सलमान को शुभकामनाएं दी हैं. चित्तापुर सीट से भारतीय जनता पार्टी के उम्मीदवार वाल्मिक नायक के मुकाबले कांग्रेस के प्रियांक खड़गे लगातार मात दे रहे है. 4 हजार वोटों से कांग्रेस आगे चल रही है. वाल्मिक नायक को अबतक 65307 वोट, जबकि प्रियांक खड़गे को 69700 वोटों से जीत की ओर बढ़ रहे है. सीएम कमलनाथ ने कांग्रेस की शांति यात्रा में ऐलान किया कि किसी भी सूरत में इस कानून को प्रदेश में लागू नहीं किया जाएगा। जागरण संवाददाता पुराघाट (मऊ) कोपागंज खंड विकास अधिकारी देवकुमार चतुर्वेदी से कुछ ल अपराधी विक्की ने कहा जिसके साथ खाता हू रिपोर्ट में कहा गया कि इससे पहले आईसीसी की भ्रष्टाचार निरोधक ईकाई के अधिकारी हर मैच स्थल पर तैनात रहते थे। इसके कारण टीमों को टूर्नामेंट के दौरान कई अधिकारियों से संपर्क करना पड़ता था। अपनी पोस्ट पर ट्रोल आर्मी के अटैक के बाद उन्होंने लिखा, कोरबा (निप्र)। शिक्षा विभाग अपने कुछ चुनिंदा स्कूलों में स्मार्ट क्लास से</s> |
सकता है, जिसकी वजह से दशकों से चल रहे उद्योंगों में भी कामगारों की सुरक्षा के इंतजाम महज कागजों तक ही सीमित होकर रह गए हैं। इस बर्ष बीबीएन के उद्योगों में दर्जन से ज्यादा घटनाएं ऐसी घटी हैं, जिसमें कई कामगारों को अपनी जान गंवानी पड़ी और कई कामगारों को अपाहिज होना पड़ा, अगर कामगारों के लिए ड्यूटी के दौरान सुरक्षा के पुख्ता इंतजाम किए होते तो शायद उनकी जान बच सकती थी। नालागढ़ के नंगल स्थित श्री सिद्धि विनायक सरिया उद्योग में हुए ब्लास्ट के मामले में भी अगर कामगारों के लिए सुरक्षा के प्रबंध किए होते तो शायद कई अनमोल जिंदगिया बच सकती थी। इस हादसे में चार जिंदगिया वेवक्त काल का ग्रास बनी है। पुलिस विभाग से प्राप्त आंकड़े बयान कर रहे हैं कि इस बर्ष अब तक सात कामगार उद्योगों में घटी दुर्घटना का शिकार बन जान गंवा चुके हैं । बीबीएन के उद्योगों में नियमों को ताक पर रखकर कामगारों को बिना सुरक्षा उपकरण मुहैया करवाए काम लिया जा रहा है। श्रम विभाग के तय मानकों को दरकिनार करते हुए कंपनी के संचालक अपनी मनमर्जी से काम कर रहे हैं। चंद पैसों को बचाने की खातिर कामगारों की सुरक्षा से खिलवाड़ किया जा रहा</s> |
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User can leave a
User can withdraw from their
InvestmentStrategy can also pay percentage of profit to
This leads to a wide array of circular relationships. I am having a hard time drawing an ER diagram describing the entities and relationships above. Does anyone have examples or suggestions for how to create their model? Thanks!
I need to show on a diagram a unique constraint involving two attributes. For example, UNIQUE(COLA, COLB).
This is what I have done:
I can’t figure out what is wrong with my solution and why does it differ from book’s solution. I think the only thing that matters is the previous state of A so that there should be two states, one for previous A=0 and one for previous A=1. Where am I mistaken? I would really appreciate any explanation.
An IB question requests: Construct the logic diagram for the Boolean expression NOT A OR B AND C.
looks to me like not A or (B and C), whereas what I expected only gets partial credit. Can someone explain?
I was doing my homework and I am confused on what I’m doing, it can’t be that straightforward. I’m making a mistake somewhere. I tried looking for practice problems but they don’t cover my issue either, I’m still confused. What will be the pictorial diagram for the following transition table?
Would be nice to have an ability to see unique;
Draw a UML diagram for the following system: A cell phone is a type of computing device. It has a screen, USB jack, power button, and wake button. Include data members and methods for the classes you define, and show the appropriate relationships.
The user of my app has access to two tools within my app. Each tool is comprised of multiple tables that the user has to fill with information.
The app is more complex but that’s roughly what’s it’s about.
This is the UML Diagram that I have designed based on the app:
I am wondering whether the use case diagram should be designed otherwise. Maybe, I should design the use case diagram for each tool independently. That way, it will be less cumbersome.
But, this will mean that each tool represents its own system. And I don’t know if from a UML viewpoint, that is the right thing to do.
About the Sequence Diagram above, judge the following items:
I.The internal actor is the “Company”, which is responsible for informing the data to perform the business registration.
II.As initial interface, the class “Register Company” is used. To register the companies, it is understood that the objects “Branch of Activity” and “Zip Code” are already registered.
For each object represented, it can be seen that a “lifeline” has begun, and when the object begins to interact, the focus of control is used, which has its messages in a numbered and orderly manner.
IV.After the execution of the operations, the receiving object “Company” sends a return message to the sender interface “Form_Cadastrar Empresa”, represented in the dashed line.
The correct items are:
I have 5 Java/android classes which are in sequential order. The user inputs data into the text box and clicks next. Two things happen, 1 the data the user inputs is passed to the next activity and it is also inserted into an external database.
The same things happens on each of the 5 activities. I’m struggling to represent this in a sequence diagram form. All the sequence diagram examples I see dont have an external database involved in every class/activity and my diagram only moves forward, most diagrams have methods moving back and forth. |
Thinking of a Career in Emergency Management?
- BY Nicole Pelette
UNICEF works in some of the world’s toughest places, to reach the world’s most disadvantaged children. To save their lives. To defend their rights. To help them fulfill their potential.
Across 190 countries and territories, we work for every child, everywhere, every day, to build a better world for everyone.
And we never give up.
For every child, Education
The fundamental mission of UNICEF is to promote the rights of every child, everywhere, in everything the organization does — in programmes, in advocacy and in operations. The equity strategy, emphasizing the most disadvantaged and excluded children and families, translates this commitment to children’s rights into action. For UNICEF, equity means that all children have an opportunity to survive, develop and reach their full potential, without discrimination, bias or favoritism. To the degree that any child has an unequal chance in life — in its social, political, economic, civic and cultural dimensions — her or his rights are violated. There is growing evidence that investing in the health, education and protection of a society’s most disadvantaged citizens — addressing inequity — not only will give all children the opportunity to fulfill their potential but also will lead to sustained growth and stability of countries. This is why the focus on equity is so vital. It accelerates progress towards realizing the human rights of all children, which is the universal mandate of UNICEF, as outlined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, while also supporting the equitable development of nations.
How can you make a difference?
Summary of key functions/accountabilities:GJP Chief Education, P4 Fixed Term, Post# 71762_ Djibouti.pdf
Impact of Result: The strategic and effective advocacy, planning and formulation of education programmes/projects and the achievement of sustainable results, contributes to the achievement of goals and objectives to improve learning outcomes and universal access to equitable and inclusive education in the country. Achievements in education programmes and projects in turn contribute to maintaining and enhancing the credibility and ability of UNICEF to provide programme services for mothers and children that promotes greater social equality in the country.
To qualify as an advocate for every child you will have
For every Child, you demonstrate.
UNICEF's values of Care, Respect, Integrity, Trust, and Accountability (CRITA) and core competencies in Communication, Working with People and Drive for Results.
The functional competencies required for this post are :
Works collaboratively with others
UNICEF is committed to diversity and inclusion within its workforce, and encourages all candidates, irrespective of gender, nationality, religious and ethnic backgrounds, including persons living with disabilities, to apply to become a part of the organization.
UNICEF has a zero-tolerance policy on conduct that is incompatible with the aims and objectives of the United Nations and UNICEF, including sexual exploitation and abuse, sexual harassment, abuse of authority and discrimination. UNICEF also adheres to strict child safeguarding principles. All selected candidates will be expected to adhere to these standards and principles and will therefore undergo rigorous reference and background checks. Background checks will include the verification of academic credential(s) and employment history. Selected candidates may be required to provide additional information to conduct a background check. |
Cyberattacks are becoming increasingly more common and the scale of these attacks can range from the largest corporations to one single person.
As we continue to move towards digital currencies and online banking, the fear of these malicious attacks can be paralyzing. However, it is possible to safeguard yourself from cyberattacks and prevent your money from being stolen or accounts being misused.
To help you get a better understanding of cyberattacks, let’s go over common ways cybercriminals steal your money, and seven simple tips to keep it protected.
Common Ways by Which Cybercriminals Steal Your Money
The easiest way hackers can access our bank accounts is through the personally identifiable information (PII) that we may unknowingly share with them.
If extra precautions are not taken, here are some of the ways your money can be stolen.
Collecting your personal data
Cybercriminals can do this by requesting your login credentials through email, social media, or even over the phone. They also create fake websites or apps that resemble your bank’s to trick you into entering your banking information.
You may receive emails or messages with malicious links that lead to the hacker’s website when you click on them.
Such websites are designed to extract personal data from your phone or computer that allows the hacker to access your bank account.
Malware or ransomware attacks
Such attacks are designed by hackers to gain access to all the data stored in your system. This malicious software can sneak into your system through files or attachments you may download.
Your system is especially vulnerable to them if you do not have anti-virus or anti-malware systems installed.
Cybercriminals often create fake websites that resemble your bank’s to trick you into entering your banking information.
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7 Simple Tips to Keep Your Money and Personal Information Protected
Even though it may seem a bit overwhelming, there are a number of ways to safeguard yourself and your finances from cyberattacks.
To protect yourself from cybercriminals, here are some simple tips to follow:
1. Two-factor authentication (2FA)
Enable the 2FA feature on your smartphones and other devices, wherever possible. You can also turn this feature on for all the websites and applications you use on your devices, especially those you use for banking and financial transactions.
2. Placing fraud alerts on credit accounts
Set up email, text, or push notifications for receiving alerts of all transactions conducted on your accounts. If you are notified of a transaction that you didn’t conduct, you can instantly notify your bank of the activity. Plus, the sooner you take action the faster your bank can sort things out.
3. Safeguarding all IoT-enabled devices
IoT-enabled devices are all the “smart” devices you use that are always connected to the internet. They can include your smartphones, computers or laptops, tablets, televisions, and even Wi-Fi enabled lights or other electronics.
You must set strong passwords on all the devices and your Wi-Fi connection to make it difficult for hackers to access your systems. Additionally, avoid storing any sensitive and personally identifiable information on these devices as much as possible.
4. Installing anti-virus or anti-malware software
Ensure that you install anti-virus or anti-malware software on laptops and computers, and also your smartphones. Check them often to ensure they are always up-to-date.
It also helps to set up the firewall system that comes with your operating system, in addition to installing anti-virus or anti-malware software. Run the virus or malware scans each time you access your computer or laptop to ensure no malicious activity is detected.
5. Monitor your transactions
It’s a good idea to check your bank statements regularly to detect any odd transactions or any activity you don’t recognize. Even if you haven’t made any transactions, you should still check your statement. It will allow you to spot fraudulent activity quickly.
6. Use unique login credentials
Never use the same username and password combination for multiple accounts. Also, ensure that your passwords are difficult to guess. Avoid using continuous numbers such as 12345, birth dates, or a string of 0s in your passwords.
7. Only use trusted websites and applications
Look on the back of your bank statement to find the website your bank uses. You can bookmark this website and only log into that to make transactions. For apps, you can look for the “verified” badge in the Play Store or App store and avoid downloading apps without the badge or those with poor ratings and negative comments.
It may be overwhelming to hear news of cyberattacks but remember that it’s possible to safeguard yourself from such incidents.
Taking appropriate precautions while using digital banking services can protect you from most types of cyberattacks. You can follow the simple tips given above to mitigate the risk of financial fraud on your accounts.
At Quotacy, we understand that uncertainty can be hard and overwhelming to deal with. You never know what tomorrow may bring. This is why life insurance is so important. We can help you find a life insurance policy that fits your current budget and future financial goals.
To see what you’d pay for life insurance, start with a free quote today.
Not sure how much life insurance you need? Check out our free life insurance needs calculator.
Photo by Clint Patterson
About the writer
Director of Creative Strategy
Greg is Quotacy’s Director of Creative Strategy. He has an eclectic past from working on movie scripts to creating ad campaigns for major brands. His love of creative solutions drove him to strategy, and he now uses his powers to help families protect their loved ones. Outside of work, Greg spends his time off the grid hunting, fishing, camping, biking, hiking, and walking his dogs. |
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