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In this geometric series worksheet, students find the nth germ in a geometric sequence. They compute the sum of a geometric series. This one-page worksheet contains 24 problems.
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The Mathematics Behind a Structured Savings Plan
Make your money work for you. Future economists learn how to apply sigma notation and how to calculate the sum of a finite geometric series. The skill is essential in determining the future value of a structured savings plan with...
10th - 12th Math CCSS: Designed
Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Series
Examine the importance of sequence and series through contextual situations. Here, learners partake in a five-day unit that begins with the basics of arithmetic and geometric sequences and series. As it progresses, pupils apply the...
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Geometric Series Sum to Figure Out Mortgage Payments
Looking for nice real-life example of a finite geometric series? In this video, a geometric series is used to calculate the monthly payment amount on the fixed rate loan. Starting with a general equation of monthly payments, Sal shows...
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European leaders are being misled over the safety of underground disposal of highly dangerous nuclear waste which could poison groundwaters for centuries, a new study concludes.
The European Commission is due to publish a draft nuclear waste directive this Autumn. Deep disposal has dominated the research effort put into the management of highly radioactive nuclear waste for over 30 years and is expected to be centre stage in the directive. However, the Commission has been misinformed of the dangers of deep disposal by its most critical advisors, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and European Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform (IGD-TP). Both claim that a scientific consensus has been reached and construction should proceed.
However, the study Rock Solid? A scientific review of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, commissioned by Greenpeace and written by GeneWatch UK director Dr Helen Wallace, reveals serious flaws in the advice being given to the Commission. Despite making scientific claims, key reports produced by the advisory bodies make little or no reference to scientific studies. One rare example of a referenced claim is based solely on an unpublished note of a panel discussion. Neither advisor has conducted a literature review of research on deep disposal. Despite these grave flaws, DG Research appears to have accepted the advice and is upbeat about the prospects of exporting deep storage around Europe and to developing countries.
gambling with existence
Following her review of scientific journal papers, Dr Wallace comes to a far more sobering opinion of the viability of deep disposal. Dr Wallace said: âThere are blanks in our understanding of deep storage; cracks that are papered over at our peril. We are talking about trying to bury thousands of tonnes of highly dangerous waste for longer than people have existed on Earth. It would be a mind-boggling engineering triumph which, if miscalculated, could release highly radioactive waste into our groundwater or seas for centuries, so far below ground that there will be nothing we can do about it.ââ¬
The most probable causes of failure identified in journals include accelerated corrosion of containers; heat and gas formation leading to pressurisation and cracking of the storage chamber; unexpected chemical reactions; geological uncertainties; future ice ages, earthquakes and human interference. The different constitution of waste from future nuclear reactors and its complicated chemistry adds to the uncertainty. Dr Wallaceââ¬â¢s study acknowledges that computer modelling is now advanced, but not sufficient to account for the multiple factors of heat, mechanical deformation, microbes and coupled gas and water flow through fractured crystalline rocks or clay over long timescales.
Greenpeace EU nuclear policy specialist Jan Haverkamp said: âIt is incredible that the European Commission is being given a green light when the scientists are all clearly flashing an amber, at best. This study yet again demonstrates that there is no solution to the nuclear waste problem and we should be phasing out its largest source, nuclear power, in favour of a fully renewable energy supply by 2050. Europe would be mad to consider deep storage now, in anybodyââ¬â¢s backyard.ââ¬
Cartoon by Steve Greenberg. Click here to see more of his environmental cartoons. |
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When you stick your arm out, you may see blue or green lines under the skin running along it. These are veins, a type of blood vessel in the body. Veins hold around 75% of all the blood in the body at any point in time. If you know about arteries, blood vessels which transport oxygen-rich blood to the heart and other major organs, veins can be thought of as their opposite. The primary function of most veins in the body is to transport deoxygenated (oxygen-poor and containing waste material) blood to the kidneys, to undergo filtration so the waste materials can be excreted, or to the lungs, so that carbon dioxide can be expelled from the blood into exhaled air.
Veins are grouped in two circuits according to which part of the body they transport the blood to:
â Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. In the diagram of the heart below, the pulmonary vein (indicated in purple) transports blood back to the heart once it has been oxygenated again.
â There are only 4 pulmonary veins in the entire vascular system.
â Systemic veins carry deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body to the heart.
â All veins beside the 4 pulmonary ones are systemic.
There are three types of veins, classified according to their depth below the skin:
â Superficial veins are located closest to the skin, under the subcutaneous layer of fat. Blood moves slower in these veins as they have no surrounding muscle to compress it.
â Deep veins are found along muscles or bones, located further below the skin. If deep veins get blocked, it can cause serious complications (see below).
â Connecting veins allow blood to flow from superficial veins to deep ones, and are not supposed to flow in the opposite direction (i.e. deep to superficial).
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava:
The vena cava are the largest veins in the body, and are connected directly to the heart. The superior vena cava transports blood from the upper body (head, neck etc) and the inferior vena cava transports blood from the parts of the body below the heart (legs, trunk etc) to the right atrium (chamber) of the heart.
There is a group of large veins in the head and neck â jugular veins. Their main function is to transport deoxygenated blood from the head and neck to the heart. The internal jugular veins, located on both the right and left sides of the neck, are the largest veins in the neck, and thus serves as the main channel to transport deoxygenated blood to the heart from the head. A cut or tear in the jugular vein could be fatal as a large amount of blood can be lost in a very short time.
The hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in absorbed nutrients from the stomach, intestines, pancreas and spleen to the liver to be detoxified and processed. If it becomes blocked, pressure on the portal vein will increase, causing large veins called varices to appear around the stomach and oesophagus (gullet). This is called portal hypertension. The chief cause of blockage would be cirrhosis (liver scarring) which can happen due to a variety of conditions, including hepatitis or heavy alcoholism.
The varices can bleed easily, and someone with portal hypertension may have gastrointestinal bleeding (black stools or vomiting of blood), and an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
Certain veins will have valves, tiny flaps of tissue attached to their inner walls. They passively open to allow blood to flow to the heart and close to prevent backflow of the deoxygenated blood. If the valves are weakened or damaged, deoxygenated blood will be able to flow back towards the organs they were transported from. This happens most often in the legs, assisted by gravity pulling the blood downwards. Hence blood starts pooling or collecting in the legs and feet, known as chronic venous insufficiency. Chronic venous insufficiency will cause swelling and itchiness in your legs or ankles, and in severe cases, discomfort while walking.
It can cause a number of problems such as varicose veins â thick, bulging and twisted darker veins. Varicose veins can cause aching and swelling in the legs; if treatment is not received, the pain will gradually become more severe and take longer to go away even with rest. Varicose veins may also be a cause for cosmetic concern.
Another potential health issue is deep vein thrombosis, where blood clots become stuck in the deep veins, and thus running the risk of bits of the blood clot breaking off and becoming stuck in other important blood vessels (called an embolism). It is especially dangerous if the clot becomes stuck in a blood vessel leading to the lungs (called a pulmonary embolism). The risk of getting DVT increases with age and with some medical conditions which cause increased clotting risk. Being inactive for a prolonged period of time (sitting or standing) also makes it easier to get DVT as the blood circulation is poor, allowing clots to form more easily.
If you are currently experiencing any of the vein health issues listed above, our vascular specialists are here to help you. Feel free to book an appointment with us today!
6694 6270 (Call)
9898 3595 (WhatsApp)
[email protected] (Email) |
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It's Geography Awareness Week, and already young people around the country are gearing up for the big National Geographic Bee in which students from fourth through eighth grades test their knowledge of the world's geography each year. More than 5 million young people participate through their schools. The finals are held in May, and the winner receives a $25,000 college scholarship. Here is what you would have had to answer to win the 2004 contest: "Peshawar, a city in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, has had strategic importance for centuries because of its location near what historic pass?" Andrew Wojtanik, an eighth grader from Kansas City knew the answer and became the national champion. And the next year he put all of his notes together into a book called Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, a study guide for all those who would like to follow in Andrew's footsteps.
He took a very disciplined approach, listing the major facts about the 192 countries in the world -- from basics like the square miles or meters that they occupy to more esoteric questions, like when they gained their autonomy, their main ethnic groups, the names of their national currencies, and their principle religions and languages. Did you know, for instance, that the African country of Burkina Faso used to be called Upper Volta, that it achieved its independence from France in 1960, and that it is a source for manganese and gold, sesame and cotton? The facts start to tell a story and who knows where they might lead -- in the imagination or in reality.
Wojtanik told Alex Trebek, the host of Jeopardy and the moderator for the Bee, the story of how he had prepared for the competition, and about the guide he had written. A few months later, Wojtanik not only had won the championship, but he also had a book contract. As Andrew puts it in his introduction for Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, learning about geography is really about being "willing to expand your horizons and go beyond your boundaries to a place you have never seen before." You can find out much more about the National Geographic Bee online at Nationalgeographic.com -- the site includes other study tips, questions, and resources like the Map Machine with its flags and facts page, as well as information about the GeoBee Challenge board game. So did you remember the name of that pass? You'll just have to ask Andrew.
Copyright 2005© John Cech
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| ããŒã | |
- 1 What rate is considered full employment?
- 2 What is meant by full employment?
- 3 What is an example of full employment?
- 4 What is considered full employment UK?
- 5 What level of unemployment is considered full employment?
- 6 Who is excluded from the labor force?
- 7 Why full employment is bad?
- 8 Can everyone be employed?
- 9 Which country has full employment?
- 10 What changes full employment output?
- 11 How do you get full employment?
- 12 How is employment calculated?
- 13 What percentage is full employment UK?
- 14 How does the government know who is unemployed?
What rate is considered full employment?
Economic concept. What most neoclassical economists mean by âfullâ employment is a rate somewhat less than 100% employment.
What is meant by full employment?
Full employment is an economic situation in which all available labor resources are being used in the most efficient way possible. Full employment embodies the highest amount of skilled and unskilled labor that can be employed within an economy at any given time.
What is an example of full employment?
The first definition of full employment would be the situation where everyone willing to work at the going wage rate is able to get a job. This does not mean everyone of working age is in employment. Some adults may leave the labour force, for example, women looking after children.
What is considered full employment UK?
The modern definition of full-employment is where the number of people in short-term (frictional) unemployment is equivalent to the stock of registered job vacancies. Since the end of the last recession, UK unemployment has more than halved at a time when the total economically-active labour force has also grown.
What level of unemployment is considered full employment?
BLS defines full employment as an economy in which the unemployment rate equals the nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU), no cyclical unemployment exists, and GDP is at its potential.
Who is excluded from the labor force?
Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are not in the labor force. This category includes retired persons, students, those taking care of children or other family members, and others who are neither working nor seeking work.
Why full employment is bad?
When the economy is at full employment that increases the competition between companies to find employees. This can be very good for individuals but bad for the economy over time. If wages increase on an international scale, the costs of goods and services would increase as well to match the salaries of employees.
Can everyone be employed?
Everyone cannot be employed. Itâs just not possible. Especially with nowadays when trainee positions donât exist anymore, itâs even more impossible. Theyâre expecting college grads to be have 10 years experience for a job.
Which country has full employment?
Iceland. Employment rate represents the state of economy of a country and thus Iceland is not only the happiest country in the world but one with the highest employment and lowest with unemployment rate too.
What changes full employment output?
The two economic forces that must be in equilibrium to achieve full employment GDP are unemployment and inflation. When unemployment goes down, inflation tends to go up, and when unemployment goes up, inflation tends to fall.
How do you get full employment?
Policies that help to achieve full employment are the following:
- The Federal Reserve Board needs to target a full employment with wage growth matching productivity.
- Targeted employment programs.
- Public investment and infrastructure.
- Corporate tax reform.
- Cutting taxes.
- Raising interest rates.
How is employment calculated?
Calculate the employment rate. Divide the number of employed people by the total labor force. Multiply this number by 100. The result of these calculations is the employment rate.
What percentage is full employment UK?
The UK employment rate was estimated at 75.2%, 1.1 percentage points lower than a year earlier and 0.4 percentage points lower than the previous quarter.
How does the government know who is unemployed?
Unemployment is measured through the Current Population Survey, conducted monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Only citizens who are in the labor force are counted in the unemployment rate; those who have given up looking for a job are notâa controversial position. |
Affordances are a slippery term in the literature on technology (see Nagy & Neff, 2015, Imagined Affordances: Reconstructing a Keyword for Communication Theory for a solid review of the origins of the term, and further theorizing of how to use it in the future), but I would describe them simply, as the kinds of action that a technology or technological system makes easy rather than hard, and the kinds of purposes that users see as potentially active in those technologies. Affordances bridge the concrete space of the physical world, and the mathematic cognates to materiality in the digital, the psychological and perceptual capabilities of individual intelligences, and the social and culture possibilities of large numbers of people.
Guerrilla affordances are therefore those which invite users to make attacks, which shield them from the consequences of being an aggressor, and which amplify the scope of attacks. The tricky part is that many guerrilla affordances are a slight modification of the default affordances of a social communication platform, some generic statement like âWe want our users to express themselves, communicate with each other, and discover whatâs popular, without jumping through a bunch of hoops.â That said, letâs talk about some guerilla affordances.
âSelect the tactic of seeming to come from the East and attacking from the West; avoid the solid, attack the hollow; attack; withdraw; deliver a lightning blow, seek a lightning decision. When guerrillas engage a stronger enemy, they withdraw when he advances; harass him when he stops; strike him when he is weary; pursue him when he withdraws.â
One thing that is key to note is that this not about speech as expression or communication. This is about speech as a weapon. Harassers are very clear that their objective is to silence their opponents through psychological harm, threats of violence, and ultimately physical harm. Why would you tell someone to kill themselves if you didnât actually want them to commit suicide? The emotional asymmetry comes in because it is easy and fun to flame, insult, and otherwise self-stimulate aggression, and much less pleasant to be on the receiving end. This affordance is psychological, rather than technological, but grounds everything that follows.
âThe guerrilla must move amongst the people as a fish swims in the sea.â
You can ban somebody, but theyâll be back. It is trivially easy make a new account on many services specifically for the purposes of harassment and these newbies have the exact same technological status as someone whoâs been around for years, who has invested time and energy into building up an online rep. The ability to strike, fade, and avoid attacks is key to all guerrilla strategies. Most counters to online attacks, such as bans and blocks, are ineffective because they target accounts, and accounts are almost always a disposal mask for the attacker behind them.
âGuerrilla war is a kind of war waged by the few but dependent on the support of many.â
--B.H Liddell Hart
Distance is a funny thing online. I like to measure it in clicks, how many distinct actions it takes to go somewhere. The hyperlink, a basic building block of the web, means that nothing is more than one click away (In theory. For some reason getting pdfs of journal articles always takes me like five clicks). Hyperlinking makes it easy amplify an attack, as people pass on âLook at this fucking shit linksâ. Itâs a conscious tactic, as Eron Gjoni, shopped his gamergate starting zeopost to SomethingAwful.com and Reddit before getting traction on 4chan to generate an army to hit his ex with, or reminding people to retweet a hashtag in the hopes of breaking into Twitterâs trending. Existing wells of guerrillas means that thereâs a ready supply of angry jerks ready to supply a brigade. These affordances give greater weight to a small, highly motivated minority than a more or less quiescent majority.
âNothing turns out to be so oppressive and unjust as a feeble government.â
Law and order takes effort to maintain. There are 2.5 police officers for 1000 people in the US. The counter-insurgency rule of thumb is 20 counter-insurgents for 1000 civilians. To take Twitter as an example again, it has about 3700 employees and 307 million monthly active users. Even if all those employees were on moderation, or community management, or whatever you want to call it, thatâd be a ratio of 0.012 employees per 1000 users, several orders of magnitude lower than physical world comparisons. Facebook is notorious for Mechanical Turking its content moderators, paying foreign contractors a few dollars an hour to check content (and occasionally come face-to-face with child porn or an ISIS execution). Unsurprisingly, content checking is based on simple mechanical rules like âare there nipples?â rather than political judgments like âis this group inciting race war?â
Going Forward: Towards a Counter-Insurgency Theory of Platforms
âI think a failed state is the responsibility of the people who have made that state fail, and those are generally the people of that country.â
Affordances are both real and imaginary. What we need are real changes to make it a little easier to imagine that weâre citizens in a shared community, and a little harder that weâre fighters striking out against the evil around us. |
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âJohn Brownâs body lies moldering in the grave,
While weep the sons of bondage whom he ventured all to save;
But tho he lost his life while struggling for the slave,
His soul is marching on.â
âJohn Brownâs Bodyâ â Union marching song (tune: Battle Hymne of the Republic)
For people either very much against or in favor of slavery, the question whether John Brown was a hero or a villain must have been easy to answer. While Union soldiers marched to the tune of the song dedicated to Brown, many in the South viewed him as a criminal and a madman, or someone we might nowadays call a domestic terrorist. For people in the middle, he was a little bit of both, as this quote by Abraham Lincoln seems to indicate: âOld John Brown has just been executed for treason against the state. We cannot object, even though he agreed with us in thinking slavery wrong.â
Different views, different treatment
But the different views of John Brown and his fellow raiders did not end there. They also become apparent when we look at how they were treated after their arrest and even in death. While many abolitionists pleaded for the release of Brown, they did not ask for the freedom of the two black raiders who were captured. These black men were hanged separately from their white fellow raiders, and while all convicts had asked to be buried in a free state, only their request was dismissed. Instead, their bodies were hastily buried in Virginia, only to be dug up by medical students for dissection.
A topsy-turvy monument
Things get even more topsy-turvy when we look at the case of Heyward Shepard, the free black man who was â presumably accidentally â shot and killed by John Brownâs men. In 1931, a monument was erected for Shepard by â of all people â the United Daughters of the Confederacy, claiming it to be a symbol of faithful black people who did not join the raid or believed in its purpose. Besides the fact that we have no idea what Shepardâs thoughts on the raid might have been, the monument feels more like a bad PR-stunt to defend the lost cause of the South. Itâs still there, although it seems to go unnoticed by most visitors to Harpers Ferry.
Modern day views
Even in this day and age, people still seem to have mixed feelings about John Brownâs actions. At the raidâs centennial in 1959, the reenacted capture of Brown was met with wild cheers from the crowd. The black raiders did not play any part in the âfestivitiesâ. Under President Barack Obama, things changed, and descendants of both the black and white raiders were invited to attend a commemoration. Some called upon the President to posthumously pardon John Brown. In 1965, Malcolm X uttered the following: âIf you are for me and my problems â when I say me, I mean us, our people â then you have to be willing to do as old John Brown did.â Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh once cited Brown as an inspiration.
So what should we make of John Brown? Was he a liberator, a murderer, inspired, radicalized, sane or mad? Itâs an ongoing debate. What we can say, is that when it comes to John Brownâs raid on Harpers Ferry, nothing is black and white. |
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Alaska Fish & Wildlife News
ASK A WILDLIFE BIOLOGIST
How are Muskrat Push-ups Made?
Do all bears hibernate? How do wood frogs freeze solid? How far can caribou migrate? If youâve you ever wondered anything about Alaskaâs wildlife, here is your chance to ask. Email your questions to wildlife educator Elizabeth Manning ([email protected]) and she will try to find an answer from Fish and Game or other wildlife agency biologists. Each month, we will highlight one of the inquiries in Alaska Wildlife News. Here is this monthâs question, and answer:
Annette Iverson, Interpretative sign writer, Alaska State Parks
QUESTION: How exactly are muskrat push-ups made? In some places I have read that the muskrats build them by pushing vegetation up through a hole. Other sources say the vegetation is deposited on a hole. Which is correct? Are the houses and feeding huts conical or dome-shaped, or both?
Howard Golden, research biologist specializing in furbearers, Alaska Department of Fish and Game
ANSWER: Muskrats build push-ups, a small, cave-like structure where they can rest and sometimes eat, by opening a 10-15-cm hole through thin ice and pushing up a 30-45-cm pile of fine roots, submerged vegetation, and other debris. As the pile grows it forms an enclosed cavity that sits on top of the ice and serves as a breathing station where muskrats can rest away from their den while still being concealed from predators.
Pushups are sometimes used as a feeding station during severe weather, but food storage is not their primary purpose. They are temporary structures associated with frozen marshes and collapse as snow melts in the spring. Push-up holes also sometimes freeze solid in winter, which can cause large over-winter die-offs. The Alaska blackfish relies on the muskratsâ push-up holes to obtain surface oxygen, and in turn, the blackfish aid the muskrats by helping to keep their breathing holes open.
To complicate things, muskrats make two other types of houses: primary houses or lodges and feeding huts. Both of these structures are conical or dome-shaped in shape and can be hard to distinguish from push-ups, though they are both generally larger in size than push-ups. Houses are the largest of these structures (up to 2.5 m in diameter and 0.5-2 m high) and are multi-chambered nest sites with plunge holes into the water. A feeding hut is a place where muskrats bring food to eat. Muskrats feed mainly on aquatic plants but may occasionally eat small fish, mussels, shrimp or other small aquatic animals. These feeding huts are generally smaller than lodges but, like push-ups, also provide a resting platform and protection from weather and predators.
All three types of structures, i.e. primary houses, feeding huts, and push-ups, are typically conical in shape but I believe lots end up with a dome-shaped appearance.
One good place to find muskrat push-ups around Anchorage is at Potter Marsh. Look for small vegetation piles out in the middle of the ice.
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To propogate new bushes from an existing gooseberry bush, take cuttings of healthy shoots in autumn. Choose a section about a foot long and cut with a sharp knife. Remove all but the top four buds from your cutting. Push the bottom six inches of your cutting into well prepared soil and water well
Now all you have to do is wait. The cuttings should be ready for planting out in one or possibly two years.
In the first year in particular you must check your new gooseberry for pests. Particularly bothersome and potentially disasterous are the caterpillars that sit on the edge of young leaves.
The Gooseberry Sawfly catterpillars (Nematus ribesii) are easily identifiable. They have black spots all over their light green bodies. They can strip a bush of all it's foliage quite quickly
If you find them remove the little beggars by hand (this is the most effective
technique). Alternatively spray the Gooseberry bush with a fatty acid spray
(safe to humans and garden wildlife) when you first notice the caterpillars.
They generally only come out between June and September. |
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The word gold can make any personâs eyes light up. Well, they will really light up when you hear that thereâs more than 165,000 metric tons of it! In 2011, this was the best estimate of the worldâs total gold in weight. More than half of humanityâs gold has been mined from the earth in the past 50 years!
To break this down, almost four olympic sized pools could hold all the gold that has ever been mined. Also, if everyone on earth were to get their fair share in the worldâs gold total, each person would receive five gold rings!
One major question is, how is this mined gold used? Just around 52 percent goes to the jewelry trade. Then, 18 percent makes up the total holdings of the worldâs central banks. The rest fall to investments and industrial use. Gold is a powerful thing, and India leads the way at about 745 metric tons of consumption!
Note: Click the image to view full size.
From: Number Sleuth
Did you enjoy this infographic? Donât be shy, comment below and let us know! For more useful content please donât forget to subscribe to the RSS-feed and follow Inspirationfeed on Twitter, Google+ and Facebook! If you enjoyed the following article we humbly ask you to comment, and help us spread the word! |
Strickler was given the John Martin Award by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) for research published in 1981 with Mimi Koehl, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. The award is reserved for papers at least 10 years old that have led to fundamental shifts in subsequent research.
The paper describes the novel method the scientists used to determine exactly how tiny aquatic organisms, called copepods, feed in a watery environment that, at their scale, is thick and sticky. Strickler and Koehl were honored in February at the Aquatic Sciences Meeting in Nice, France.Groundbreaking movies
The inner mouth parts remain motionless until food is nearby and detected. Then a fast movement is executed to capture it. Using high-speed cameras, they demonstrated that copepods taste their food, eating certain particles and âspitting outâ the rejects. Food particles are neither scooped up nor left behind, because water adheres to both the mouth and the food. Instead, the animal has sensors to tell it that the food is within reach.âThis is not filter-feeding,â says Strickler. âIt is choosing its food.â
Filming the live copepod presented a challenge. The animal, barely visible, also moves its mouth parts at 60 times per second. So Strickler devised a technique to tether one to a single dog hair and then place it back in its environment with food available. Koehl introduced a stream of india ink to track the flow of water.
âThe movies gave foolproof evidence that the old way of thinking was out the window,â Strickler says. âWithout the movies, I wouldnât have been able to convince others.âHigh praise
Strickler joined the UWM faculty in 1990 with financial support for his professorship and high-tech laboratory from the Shaw Family Foundation, through the Greater Milwaukee Foundation. Before coming here, he was on the faculty at Johns Hopkins, Yale, Southern California and Boston universities and the University of Ottawa, Canada.
In 2000, the National Science Foundation recognized Strickler in its bound report, 50 Years of Ocean Discovery, citing his research on zooplankton as one of four landmark achievements in biological oceanography. ASLO is a leading professional organization for researchers and educators in the field of aquatic science and is the publisher of the journal Limnology and Oceanography.
To see videos of copepod feeding, go toplanktonsafari.net and clock on "open all" in the left-hand column. Recommendations (under ("Food Handling"): âAlga Arrivesâ and âMany Algae.â |
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Just days before Christmas, a new agreement was reached within Northern Ireland which sought to address a number of longstanding issues. Embedded within the agenda for the talks were discussions concerning the legacy of ethnic conflict in the country, more commonly referred to as "the troubles." On the 23rd December the deadline for a final agreement came and passed, and there was still no word from Stormont, where the talks were being held. Theresa Villiers, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland had assured that âone way or anotherâ the talks had to end on that day, and they did, five hours after the imposed deadline.
The agenda at Stormont included the important question of how to deal with the practice of parading within Northern Ireland. Reports arising from Stormont indicated that no agreement had been reached on the incendiary practices of parading, and flag flying in the country. Instead, these issues were to be brushed under the carpet until a later date.
The length of the talks, and the difficulties in reaching a consensus are hardly surprising given the multiple ethnic, religious and political stakeholders involved, and the gravity of decisions in light of Northern Irelandâs turbulent past, as well as its precarious present. However, it is clear that the outcome of the talks at Stormont demonstrate the continuing difficulty faced in practically dealing with contentious issues which pose a risk to the peace process.
Parading in Northern Ireland is a practice in which Unionist or Republican groups parade through public spaces, most often to commemorate historical occasions. Most infamous amongst these parades is the annual Orange Order march to commemorate the Battle of the Boyne, in which Unionists mark the victory of the protestant William III over the catholic James II. The continuing practice of parading is seen by some as a legacy of the troubles which has not yet been resolved by the formal peace process.
Parading has historically been a practice which consolidates, and enforces contested national identities along lines of religion, political affiliation, and ethnicity. One of the many reasons that the practice of parading is such an issue in Northern Ireland is due to the geo-spatial determinants of identity in the country. Belfast, as an example, is separated by âpeace linesâ, and by murals which classify and categorise spaces as Catholic or Protestant, Republican or Unionist. Similarly natural, artificial, spoken and unspoken territorial markers exist across cities in the North where there are separate Catholic and Protestant enclaves. Whilst territorial markers like walls, rivers, and murals are inert markers of identity, the parades bring expressions of ethnic, religious, and political identity into an active realm where the mobile arrangement of bodies acts as an expression of identity. In Northern Ireland the practice of parading occupies the juncture of history, ethnicity and territory.
Parades in Northern Ireland are not just an expression of historical, political, and ethnic identity, but of territorial identity, and claims over land which have characterised the protracted conflict. The practice of penetrating anotherâs territory and community has been one of the major threats to peace in contemporary Northern Ireland. The march of the Orange Order has been heavily criticised for making its way through Catholic republican areas such as Ardoyne in Belfast and Drumcree in Portadown. Almost every year these areas experience upsurges of sectarian violence as a result of the parades. In 2006 the protestant Orange Order even decided to march in Dublin, the Republican capital of Ireland, resulting in mass rioting. Such parade routes, and staunchly nationalistic agenda of the parades, are seen by many as being deliberately provocative, threatening, and incendiary.
Instead of dealing with the issue of parading and flag flying, the agreement reached by parties at Stormont proposes to deal with the legacy of the conflict by creating an oral history archive, and a transitional justice scheme which will investigate deaths related to the troubles. In addition, an independent commission will be set up which allows victims to obtain information regarding the deaths of family and friends. The decision by ministers to go ahead with a program of archiving and history building would suggest that the troubles are firmly rooted in the past. Far from it. Whilst the parades continue in their current form, ethnic tensions are at risk of transforming into conflict, and the troubles are at increased risk of re-surfacing.
History-building, and transitional justice schemes cannot feasibly begin in Northern Ireland until the practice of parading is appropriately governed and managed. The inability of stakeholders to agree on contested matters of the present shows clear evidence of the continuing ethno-political divisions within Stormont.
Previous attempts to manage and govern the practice of parading have fallen short of their goals. The Parades Commission, a body set up in 1998 to mitigate risks of sectarian violence resulting from parades has failed to gain legitimacy amongst a number of groups, necessitating a hard stance from the government. If nothing else, this proves the importance of an authoritative response from the government. Until the issue of parading is appropriately addressed the North is destined to experience further spates of sectarian violence which threaten the very bedrock of the peace agreement.
Gareth Davies is an Associate Editor for Warscapes. He graduated from the University of York with a BA in English and Related Literature. He is currently studying towards an MPhil in Race, Ethnicity and Conflict at Trinity College Dublin. He has experience in writing about representations of conflict in film and literature, and his research focuses on genocide theory and military technology. Twitter @garethaledavies |
Forgiveness by the World English Dictionary is the âact of forgiving; state of being forgiven, disposition or willingness to forgiveâ. But what does it really mean? That is my question. Is being able to forgive and not forget the same thing? In my life, I have found that true forgiveness is a quality that separates us from other species and it is what makes us human. In order to truly and sincerely forgive, one must, aside from saying they have forgiven the person, let it go and not hold a grudge against that person. Just, as Mahatma Gandhi once said: âThe weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong." I believe that holds to be true.
Only a humble human being can attain the quality to completely âŠshow more contentâŠ
Once I understood that concept, I picked up the phone and called the people who cause me pain. I told them that I forgave them for all the suffering caused by their actions and that I knew that they did not mean to cause any pain. I have learned that in order to create and achieved a better life, you have to let go of the past.
Forgiveness in not only an act of being, it requires you to understand and let go of some pride. We are always thought to be strong in order to not been taken advantage off, but forgiving or asking for forgiveness does not make you any less strong. I will tell you it only free you from all chains tying you down. Forgiveness allows you to grow and not carry so many baggages in your life. George Herbert wisely stated, âHe who cannot forgive breaks the bridge over which he himself must pass.â It would take many attempts, but only you decide if you are going to break the bridge or make it stronger.
I took the initiative to make myself stronger and forgive those people who caused me pain. My point of view is that in order to achieve all you can be in life, you have to let go of you past. Hopefully in the future I am able to master |
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Edmund Storms from the interview with Peter Gluck of Ego-Out.
LENR has two aspects, each of which has to be considered separately.
The first question is where in the material does the nuclear reaction take place. In other words, were is the nuclear active environment (NAE) located?
The LENR reaction CAN NOT take place in the normal lattice structure where it would be subjected to the well known laws that apply to such structures.
So the question becomes, âWhere in space is the NAE located, such as near the surface, and what is unique about the NAE that separates it from the normal structureâ?
Before the nature of the nuclear process can be discussed, a NAE must be identified and its existence must be agree to. Failure to do this has resulted in nothing but useless argument with no progress in understanding or causing the phenomenon.
I propose the only place able to support such a nuclear reaction while not being subjected to the known chemical requirements are cracks consisting of two surfaces with a critical gap between them.
Once the characteristics of the NAE are identified, a mechanism can be proposed to operate in this NAE with characteristics compatible with this environment. Attempts to propose a mechanism without identifying the NAE are doomed to failure.
Without knowing the NAE, we are unable to test the characteristics of the nuclear mechanism to see if it is compatible with the material and we are unable to know how to create a potentially active material.
This requirement is so basic, further discussion is pointless unless agreement is achieved.
This is not a normal physics problem where any idea can be made plausible simply by making a few assumptions. The nature of the chemical environment prevents many assumptions. We are proposing to cause a nuclear reaction in ordinary material where none has been seen in spite of enormous effort and none is expected based on well understood theory.
A significant change in the material must first take place. This change must be consistent with the known laws of chemistry. Only the creation of cracks meets this requirement.
Once the NAE is identified, the characteristics of the nuclear reaction must be consistent with what is known. Simply proposing behavior based on general physics concepts is useless. For example, the role of perturbed angular correlations, which you suggest, must be considered in the context of the entire proposed reaction. The question means nothing in isolation.
Like many proposed mechanisms, the idea cannot be tested because it has no clear relationship to the known behavior of LENR or to the variables known to affect the phenomenon.
This is not a guessing game. We now have a large collection of behavior all models most explain. Why not start by considering models that are consistent with this information? |
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By Seth Richardson
The Mystery Cavern at the Garden of the Gods, sealed up in 1935, must be reopened for archeological examination and documentation. The actions of the Colorado Springs Parks and Recreation Advisory Board in denying access to credentialed archeologists based on objections by Ute tribal historian Alden Naranjo of the Southern Ute Indian Tribe is a violation of the First Amendmentâs Establishment Clause, which prohibits government âestablishmentâ of religion.
There may be legitimate reasons for keeping the cavern sealed, including preservation of archeological resources or safety, but the Board used as its excuse the one reason that it is legally forbidden to use: Religion.
According to the article in the Gazette by reporter Dave Phillips, Colorado Springs agreed in the 1990s that no archeological digs would take place in the Garden of the Gods without tribal approval because the Ute Tribe claims that the park has âspiritual significance.â While we all should respect the places of âspiritual significanceâ that any religious group cares about, such respect should not, and indeed cannot be established as a law or policy by any governmental unit without violating the First Amendment.
A similar controversy exists in Wyoming, at Devilâs Tower National Monument. Native American Indians object to climbers scaling the basalt volcano core because they feel the place has spiritual significance. They have attempted for years to persuade the National Park Service to ban climbing entirely, or at least ban it during âsacredâ periods when Indians worship there, out of respect for Native American Indian tradition and religious practice.
The best the National Park Service has been able to do, on advice from the United States Attorney, is to post a âvoluntaryâ climbing ban in June, a time of sacred significance, that asks, but does not require that climbers respect Indian traditions and religious observances. No mandatory ban can be enacted because this would, as the actions of the Board do in this case, violate the Constitutional ban on government either advancing or inhibiting religion.
The relevant United States Supreme Court case is Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602, decided in 1971. In this case, the Court lays out a tripartite test of government actions to determine if the action violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
The first prong of the tests asks, âDoes the governmentâs action have a secular legislative purpose?â
The second prong of the test asks, âDoes the governmentâs action have the primary effect of either advancing or inhibiting religion?â
The third prong of the test asks, âDoes the governmentâs action result in an âexcessive entanglementâ of government in religion?â
In the case of the Garden of the Gods Mystery Cavern, the advisory boardâs decision facially violates the first and second prongs of the Lemon test.
According to the article, the board stated that it would approve the request for archeological examination of the cave âif there were no objections from the Ute tribe.â But because the reason that the city made the agreement to ask permission from the Ute Tribe is based upon the Tribeâs claim that the park has âspiritual significance,â this causes the boards deference to the Tribe to be based upon prohibited religious criteria, which makes the boardâs action an unlawful and unconstitutional decision that has no legitimate âsecular purposeâ and which has the primary effect of advancing the interests of Native American Indian religion over the legitimate, secular need for proper archeological examination and documentation of the site.
The fact is that the very agreement signed by the city with the Ute Tribe in the 1990s is itself very likely invalid because it has the practical and primary effect of advancing Ute tribal religious interests over the secular needs and rights of the owners of the site, the People of Colorado Springs.
However âspiritually significantâ any publicly-owned property is to some group of religious people, such considerations cannot, by law, be part of the decision making process of a public board considering limiting access to the property by the public.
The board must reevaluate its decision and permit the archeological investigation, as it said it would, and it must, according to the Supreme Court and the Lemon Test, disregard any religious claims that would interfere with the right of the public to use and enjoy its public property. If the board does not reverse its decision, the city will likely face yet another expensive lawsuit, which it will certainly lose.
This does not mean, however, that qualified archeologists or historians from the Ute Tribe should be excluded from the excavation. They should absolutely be included, so that cultural artifacts associated with their Tribe can be properly analyzed and preserved, and so that their cultural history can be added to the knowledge gained by opening and examining the cavern.
And once the archeological dig has been completed and documented, the cavern should be sealed again in order to protect it from vandalism and theft, which is a legitimate secular government purpose.
But to deny the public the ability to document and know both its own and its Native American Indian cultural heritage based on allegations of âspiritual significanceâ is most definitely not a legitimate government action.
© 2009 Altnews |
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Art Through Time: A Global View
The Body Compare: Is the Meaning of Nudity in Art Universal?
Is the meaning of nudity in art universal?
We often think about the nude as the body in its most essential state. But nude bodies in art are just as much the products of our subjectivity as clothed bodies and can communicate just as much information. Nudity is not meaningless nor does it always mean the same thing. This is especially true when it comes to the relationship between nakedness, sex, and gender. When we are seeking to understand ancient figures like the Nimrud ivory and the Aphrodite statue seen here, cultural context can make all the difference.
Questions to Consider
- There was a long tradition in the Ancient Near East of representations of the nude female body. In ancient Greece, on the other hand, representations of women unclothed appeared rather late compared to those of naked men. What can you infer from this about each cultureâs attitudes toward the female form?
- Noting that the now-missing arms of the Aphrodite statue were likely making a gesture of concealmentâone raised in front of the breasts, the other reaching to cover the genital region, what does each of the above statues communicate through itâs gesture and posture? What kind of relationship do these elements help to establish between figure and viewer?
- Each of these figures presents us with an ideal body type. What does a comparison of these bodies suggest about the cultural relativity of physical ideals? |
You did not say how old your daughter is, but if she were in elementary school, I would suggest she has some input into deciding what she eats.
By overweight, do you mean her doctor said she is overweight where her weight is disproportionate to her height according to childrenâs height/weight charts?
You did not say how much overweight your daughter is. A suggestion would be, let her try school lunch for one month and encourage her to choose fruit for dessert. After one month, if her weight is within the 50th to 75th percentile and corresponds to her height percentile for her age, she could try school lunch for one more month. If she weighs more than the 75th percentile (unless she is tall for age like over the 75 percentile for height), discuss bringing a bag lunch instead. Your daughter needs to be involved in this discussion if it is to be successful.
Research has proven that when parents are the food restrictors for overweight children, the overweight kids tend to eat more and continue to gain weight by altering childrenâs response to internal cues of hunger and satiety. Your responsibility is to provide a positive food environment for your daughter. If you donât buy salted snack foods or make sweets for dessert, your daughter will be less likely to eat them.
Your daughterâs responsibility is to self-monitor her food intake. Initially, she may seem to eat more, but with time she will probably level off or even lose weight. Donât make a big deal out of the weight issue with her. You should leave some of the food choices up to your daughter or she will feel angry with you for depriving her. She needs to assume some responsibility for her food choices and weight. She may also blame you for any weight gain since you are the one buying the food and serving it to her.
School lunches should provide about one-third of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for children. From the printed school lunch menus Iâve seen in the newspaper, they are pretty good.
Another important consideration is to offer food that children will eat. Researchers have looked at the food thrown away by students eating school lunch. Though the meal was balanced and nutritious, a lot of the food ended up in the garbage. Low-fat versions of popular foods like hamburgers, pizza, and tacos are now on school lunch menus because students will eat them. |
Good news in the world of vaccines! It is now easier for preteens to get Gardasil, the cervical cancer vaccine that protects against human papillomavirus (HPV).
This Wednesday, the federal government, along with the CDC, updated its recommendation for the HPV vaccine. Now, preteens only need two doses of the HPV vaccine, rather than three. Additionally, the CDC has said that the vaccine works better if spaced six to twelve months apart. This means that the vaccine can easily be given at annual check-ups, and reduces the number of doctor visits needed to get vaccinated.
First off, what is human papillomavirus?
HPV is a strain of viruses that can cause skin warts, cervical cancer, anal cancer, and cancers of the penis, throat, and tonsils. HPV can affect both men and women, and 79 million americans are currently infected.
HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI), meaning that you can be infected by having sex with someone who has the virus. It often has no signs or symptoms, and it can be difficult to know if you have HPV.
More information on the human papillomavirus can be found here.
Who should get vaccinated?
Boys and girls ages 11-12 should get vaccinated. However, men up to age 21 and women up to age 26 can still receive the vaccine.
What is the vaccine?
Currently, there are three vaccines, approved by the FDA, to prevent HPVâGardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cevarix. These vaccines produce antibodies that protect you from getting HPV. The majority of people receive Gardasil 9, as it prevents against more virus strains than the other two.
The good news is, the vaccine is even more effective than doctors previously believed. According to a recent study, cervical cancer, and pre-cancers have been reduced by 50% in the past 8 years.
What does this update mean?
It is very rare for vaccine regimens to be updated, and simplified, so this is exciting news.
In the past, when three doses were recommended, fewer boys and girls received the full vaccine regimenâso simplifying the dosage will hopefully increase the amount of people receiving the vaccine. Also, fewer doses means more money saved!
Tori Marsh is GoodRxâs junior medical editor and consumer savings expert. |
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The Stone Barn Farm: An Overview of its Cultural and Natural History
The Geologic Era
The Stone Barn stands on ground molded and carved more than 10,000 years ago by a massive glacier that descended from the northwest. It is hard to imagine the enormity of this frozen force, a mile-high expanse of ice so heavy that it pressed the earth down into the sea, so powerful that it pushed and ground the rock in its path like a giant snowplow. At the glacierâs forward edge, a mound of gravel piled up to form a ridge of land, a glacial moraine.
As the climate warmed and the glacier receded, the submerged moraine was left below sea level and marine sediments settled over it, leaving a thick layer of silt and clay that would one day serve as an ideal soil for farming. The Stone Barn sits atop this moraine in the valley of Northeast Creek, a place of enormous bounty for many generations of humans who have lived there, beginning with the Wabanaki people.
According to Penobscot Tribal Ambassador Maulian Dana, âOur ties to this land existed long before America was dreamed of. The artifacts, oral tradition, legends, and historical records all point to thousands of years of Wabanaki being here in our homeland.â In the forest, fields, and wetlands by the Northeast Creek headwaters, Native Americans would hunt large game like moose, deer, bear, and aquatic mammals like muskrat, beaver, and otter.
Such species provided not only food but furs for clothing. In the marshes and along the creek, they would find waterfowl and their eggs, and fish. At the creekâs outlet, clams, mussels, and seabirds were plentiful. In Frenchman Bay and beyond, seals and many species of fish were present in abundance that seems unimaginable after centuries of depletion.
The Nineteenth Century
MDIâs Agricultural âEmery Districtâ
The Emery District was a cluster of six farms that surrounded the headwaters of Northeast Creek. According to farming historian Todd Little-Siebold, the area encompassed about 1,000 acres of farmland divided among six farms. In the 1860 census, the heads of household were listed as Jared Emery, Joel Emery, Theodore Paine, Richard Paine, and Sally Emery. Joel Emery held the largest plot (610 acres) and Richard Paine the smallest (45 acres).
Animals were the primary cash crop of the Emery District, constituting from 25 percent to 50 percent of the value of the farms. âAll of the farmers,â Siebold writes, âhad a milk cow or three, an oxen or two, and a horse.â In the plowed fields, farmers of the Emery district grew hay to feed the animals. They sold wood from their forested land and they tended 90 apple trees.
Only about five percent of the total land in the Emery District was actively farmed. The rest was left in a forested state. While a farm family could feed themselves with what they grew, they needed supplemental income to provide more than mere sustenance.
The young men of the family typically worked off the farm as carpenters, laborers, or in maritime trades to bring home additional income. The wages and enlistment bonuses associated with service in the Civil War, in addition to patriotic fervor, helped induce many young men to join the army.
After the Civil War, the small-scale farms of the Emery District began to decline as better farmlands in the Midwest and West opened up and railroads brought their produce back to New England. In the twentieth century, farmers turned to dairy and the market gardening to supply the demands of the growing summer colony.
The Salisbury Family
An 1807 map suggests that Eben Salisbury was the first to own, in the Euro-American sense, the plot of land where the Stone Barn now stands. From the sparse information provided in the 1810 census we can guess that Salisbury lived there with his wife and two children, a boy and a girl. But we have no evidence of how he may have used the plot or when it was conveyed to Thomas Paine, Jr. who, along with his descendants, owned the farm until 1907.
The Paine Family
Thomas Jr. was the first of the Paine family to be born on Mount Desert Island, in 1793, three years before Eden (now Bar Harbor) was established as a town. In 1819, Thomas married 18-year-old Olive Hadley and in their marriage of more than 40 years they had 12 children, of whom seven are known to have survived childhood.
Thomas Paine may have built the first barn and the present house on the site around 1840, as local tradition attests, or a son built it between 1850 and 1860, as the Maine Historic Preservation Commission supposed. A late nineteenth-century photograph shows a two-story house, some connecting buildings, and a wooden barn. Though the house still stands, the connecting buildings and the barn have been replaced by the Stone Barn and a carriage house. The carriage house is designed for vehicles that donât back up so easily. Front and rear doors allow horse or ox-drawn wagon to enter one door and exit through the other.
Thomas and Oliveâs fifth child, Richard H. Paine, was born on July 14, 1828. Ownership of the farm transferred from Thomas to Richard sometime between 1850 and 1860, perhaps in 1857 when Richard married 21-year-old Sophia Emery, one of many members of an extended family that gave the âEmery Districtâ its name.
After war broke out in April, 1861, Richard enlisted in Company E of the Twenty-Sixth Maine Regiment on October 11, 1862, committing to a nine-month term of service. His enlistment documents give us the only description we have of his appearance, noting that he was 34 years old and five feet eight inches tall with blue eyes.
The Union army typically recruited men from the same region to serve together in a company of about 100 men, a practice that stopped when high casualty rates in battle concentrated the loss of men from a single community. The Twenty-Sixth Maine Regiment was made up of ten companies of about 100 men each. In Company E, everyone was from eastern Maine and 28 men were from Mount Desert Island, many of them Richardâs immediate neighbors from the Emery district.
When Richard went to the war, Sophia stayed on the farm during the winter and spring of 1862-3 with three-year-old Edgar and one-year-old Willis. Sophia was pregnant with another child, Maynard, who would be born in March 1863, while Richard was away. Sophia was left to manage a farm that produced a small crop of potatoes, 100 pounds of butter, and five tons of hay. In addition to her children, she had in her care two cows, two oxen, eight sheep, and a pig. Even if she had the help of her mother and father-in-law, it is certain that both Richard and Sophia had each their own kind of suffering during the Civil War.
The Twenty-Sixth Maine was sent to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where it took part in the Union effort to wrest control of the Mississippi from the Confederacy. The men were plagued by diseases associated with swamps and poor sanitation, and several were wounded at a place called Irish Bend, by the Atchafalaya River. One of Richardâs comrades from Mount Desert wrote home with complaints about short pay, poor food (âboef with magets,â) chronic illness, and a regimental physician who was âdrunk all the time.â Richard was sick and unfit for duty for most of his time in the service. He was discharged from the Army in August 1863 and returned home, where another hardship soon followed. Sophia died in October 1864 at age 28.
Richard pressed on, farming and marrying again, outliving three more wives. In 1867, at the age of 39, he married 30-year-old Mary A., and they were together 17 years until her death in 1884. Later that same year, when he was 56, he married 40-year-old Phebe A., and the marriage lasted eight years until she died in 1892. On September 2, 1894, at the age of 66, he married 53-year-old Julia E. Gott, who lived until 1908. The farmhouse is equipped with a funeral door in the parlor, a grim practicality for such an age as the Paine family endured.
A regimental history published in 1899 reported that Richard was now a âpoliceman, carpenter, and stonemason.â By that time he had turned over the farm responsibilities his to son, Willis, who sold the farm to James and Charles Shea in 1907. Richard died at the veteransâ home in Augusta in 1913 at the age of 84.
The Early Twentieth Century and the Great Depression
The Shea Family
The Shea brothers were prominent masonry contractors whose long-lasting work is evident throughout Mount Desert Island. In the same year that they purchased the farm, they were contracted to build the foundation for a greenhouse at The Turrets, today a prominent landmark at College of the Atlantic, and they provided the stonework to Bar Harbor High School, now the town hall.
The Sheas built the Stone Barn as a way to showcase their prowess as masons. It is unusual for a Maine barn to be constructed with such a significant amount of stonework. According to the application for the National Register of Historic Places, âthe stone barnâs first story is constructed of glacial stone with granite sills and lintels, the whole of which is covered by an expansive gambrel roof with wood shingled frame end walls. Although it is not positively known why the Shea Brothers constructed a barn of stone, if nothing else it demonstrated their skill in building in such a material.â
The Sheas rented out the farmhouse to various families for long-term rentals and used the farm for the production of milk and for breeding prize Ayrshire cattle, including big bulls with names like Wilson, Kebo, and Dandy of Eden, and cows they called Merridale, Rhoda, and Edenâs Pride.
In the 1930s, Frank Gray was a young boy whose family rented the Shea farmhouse. He recalls a frightening memory of his childhood, a cold Thanksgiving day when two of his friends were skating on the frozen Northeast Creek. As the Bar Harbor Times reported, âCharles Watson, 11 and Milton Leach, 10⊠were the victims of a near tragedy ⊠while skating on Sheaâs meadow. The ice broke and threw both boys into the pond in about six feet of water. The cries of the youngsters attracted the attention of Mr. Watson who rushed to the scene and dived into the water to rescue them.â
Frank recalls, âOh yeah, I can see them now, standing in the washtub by the kitchen stove, undressing them. Milton was in the water longest and they got him up on top of Warren Haslamâs shoulder and he was right stiff. Warren had a heck of a job trying to hang on to him because he was so stiff, but when he tried to run with him, he just all relaxed and the water run out of his mouth. That must have been what artificial respiration would have done for him, for Warren to run with him. In my estimation, he probably would have died if he hadnât.â
The Owen Family
In 1963, Harry and Cindy Owen purchased the Stone Barn Farm. While living at the farm, Harry worked as a teacher and farmed vegetables in the summer. Cindy was a registered nurse. They grew lettuce, sweet corn, snap beans, carrots, and strawberries. They raised goats and chickens to produce milk, cheese, and eggs.
In time, the place became known for its picturesque beauty. The Owenâs sunflowers attracted a great deal of attention. The farm became the site of fashion shoots and weddings. A German tourist sent a postcard addressed to the âGentleman who grows beautiful sunflowers near the grey stone barn, Crooked Road, Bar Harbor, Maine.â The card was delivered with no problem at all.
Harry and Cindy became alarmed at the rapid rate of development on Mount Desert Island. In a survey distributed by the Maine Coast Heritage Trust (MCHT), he wrote, âI feel that development on MDI is a disaster â within the next ten years every available field and wood and lot will be subdivided for houses. The whole character of the Island will be changed â MDI will become suburbia.â
Zoning ordinances in Bar Harbor at the time would have allowed the division of the Owenâs land into 42 house lots, a massive development that would yield large profits at the expense of the environment and public welfare. Harry and Cindy Owen placed the property under a conservation easement, protecting it permanently from further development.
The Owens also applied for the house, the carriage shed, and the barn to be placed on the national register of historic places. Cindy Owen said, âItâs our way of giving back to our friends and our community for all the happy times weâve had here.â Cindy died in 2018. Harry has lived to see the transfer of property ownership to Maine Coast Heritage Trust, a state-wide land conservation organization. Through the generosity of donors, in 2019, MCHT acquired the property to manage as a public preserve.
The Stone Barn Farm Today (2020)
Many elements of the Stone Barn Farmâs history can be seen by walking through the property. One can make the immediate observation that the farm is still a farm, having escaped the fate of coastal farms that were early consumed by development.
The Stone Barn Farm survived the pressure of development because the farmland was productive enough to survive the economic pressures of the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century, when the opening of railroads from the westâs rich agricultural lands caused economic hardships for New England farms. Then, during the second half of the twentieth century and the first two decades of the twenty-first century, the Stone Barn Farm had protectors like Harry and Cindy Owen working with Maine Coast Heritage Trust to stave off developers.
Standing near the cluster of buildings, one can see on the opposite side of the road intersection the freshwater wetlands called âThe Barcelona.â The âwinter hayâ grown in this marsh, in addition to the natural grasses of the salt marsh downstream, sustained farm animals in the cold months, providing a natural supply of fodder to supplement the hay grown in the farm fields and harvested in August. In the late eighteenth century, such marshlands were often held in common, its produce divided and shared by many farmers in the area.
Turning to the buildings, one can see the farmhouse, dated from 1840 to 1860, the carriage house, dating from the late nineteenth century, and the Stone Barn, constructed in 1907. The Stone Barn was made for dairy cows, and is evidence of the transition of New England farming from polyculture (the production of wool, wheat, meats, and vegetables) to monoculture (the production of just dairy products, with fields turned almost entirely to growing hay to feed cows).
The fields beyond the buildings were once far more extensive than those we can see today. The forest of trees visible at the western edges of the fields are of mostly uniform species and height, indicating they were planted at the same time, perhaps in the late twentieth century as a result of government incentives to take fields out of production and promote the growth of trees. Many of the pines were planted in perfect rows, leaving corridors through the forest, though there is an occasional âWolf Pineâ or oak with spreading limbs low to the ground, evidence of a tree that grew up in an open field but is now surrounded by younger trees.
The Stone Barn Farm property reveals a landscape that bears the marks of change. Massive geologic forces shaped it and imbued it with qualities that made it productive of food. The Paine family in the nineteenth century worked and struggled in the face of many hardships to sustain their loved ones. The Shea brothers used the farm to supplement their incomes as masons and left an architectural landmark for the esthetic pleasure of future generations.
Harry and Cindy Owen saw the threat of over-development as if it was a new glacier, looming over the island and threatening to sweep away this pristine corner of the island. Their agreement with Maine Coast Heritage Trust set the future of the Stone Barn Farm in a new direction, one that forecloses further development and opens the land to all, so long as current laws and civilization stand.
See Appendix A: Duane Braun, âThe Stone Barn Site Geology,â personal communication, July 7, 2020.
Maulian Dana, Penobscot Tribal Ambassador, Statement to Maine Statehood and Bicentennial Conference, May 31, 2019.
Harald Prins and Bunny McBride, Asticouâs Island Domain: Ethnographic Overview and Assessment, Vol. 2 (Boston: National Park Service, 2007) 404.
Todd Little-Siebold, personal communication with the author, July 8, 2020.
It would be advantageous to scan the 1807 John Peters map, kept by the Bar Harbor Historical Society, and to georeferenced it, to determine how the present-day location of the Stone Barn corresponds with the map.
Sheldon Goldthwait, genealogist, personal correspondence with the author, July 11, 2020.
Elden B. Maddocks, History of the Twenty-Sixth Maine Regiment (Bangor: Charles H. Glass, 1899), 56-58.
Ancestry.com. U.S., Selected Federal Census Non-Population Schedules, 1850-1880 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
Letter from DeLorraine Higgins to Benjamin Higgins, January 14 and February 12, 1863. Mount Desert Island Historical Society.
âAnyone who has seen the misery of men only, has seen nothing. You have to see the misery of women.â Victor Hugo, Julie Rose Trans., Les Miserables (New York: Modern Library, 2008), 611.
Sheldon Goldthwait, âDescendants of Richard H. Paine,â a genealogical report created on June 17, 2020.
Maddocks, History of the Twenty-Sixth Maine, 225.
United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places, Continuation Sheet, Stone Barn Farm, Hancock (County) Maine
Bar Harbor Times, December 14, 1939.
Interview with the author, October 16, 2019.
Bangor Daily News, July 21-22, 2001.
I am indebted to Todd Little-Siebold, Professor of History at College of the Atlantic, an expert in the history of farming, who walked the ground with me on July 8, 2020.
Ralph Stanley believes the name, âBarcelonaâ is associated with the name of a ship constructed nearby.
More Stories from the Coast
Trail by Trail, a More Accessible Maine
Enock Glidden is helping Maine land trusts make their trails more accessible.
Winter Mid-Season Grade: So Far, So Good
This winter hasnât been the coldest, or the snowiest, and it definitely hasnât been the iciest, but even so, Kirk knows thereâve been no shortage of lessons to be learned!
Writing the Land: Maine
âWriting the Land is an attempt to honor nature and our relationship with it in a way that is as equitable and transparent as it is deep and entangled. We intend to be as inclusiveâto humans and placesâas we hope the mantle of protection that land trusts offer can be.â
Late Season Peeping
We know why Peepers peep in spring, itâs to mate. At that time, their common name makes perfect sense. But why do Spring Peepers peep in the fall? In this Nature Bumminâ column, MCHT steward Kirk Gentalen sets out to solve the mystery of the Fall Peeper.
All of us at Maine Coast Heritage Trust mourn the passing of Peter Blanchard, a true champion for the Maine coast. |
- How can state and district decisionmakers and others who manage school systems create conditions for successful school leadership?
Principals can influence student achievement in a number of ways â monitoring instruction; evaluating teachers; hiring, developing, and retaining school staff; maintaining student discipline; managing the school budget; establishing a school culture; and engaging with the community. While principals' skills in these areas are important, skills alone are not enough to ensure that they will be effective school leaders. This is because school and district contexts â which include school and district characteristics, practices, and policies â set the stage for principals' performance and strongly influence their effectiveness. In this report, RAND researchers provide guidance to state and district decisionmakers and others who manage school systems, focusing on four areas that research has identified as particularly influential in supporting principal effectiveness: placement in the school, evaluation, autonomy, and resources. We highlight how actions in these areas can create conditions in the school and district that foster principal success.
School Context Matters in Selecting a Principal
- Making the correct match between a candidate and a vacancy and supporting the new principal during the transition period can greatly affect the ability of a school to perform to its highest potential.
- A successful match depends both on the principal's capabilities and on how he or she is able to function within the school's context.
Early Career Support Can Reduce Turnover
- Making certain that there are resources readily available to principals when they first start out at a school may make the difference between their staying or leaving soon after being hired.
- A high-quality evaluation system can play a key role in helping principals improve their own performance and in helping central office staff make informed decisions about principals' career paths.
Autonomy Can Provide Incentives for Principals, but Should Be Considered Carefully
- The "right" level of autonomy will vary by district and possibly by school or principal.
- Three key issues that districts should consider in making this decision are principal capacity, district efficiency, and principal expertise.
Set up new principals for success by:
- Matching principal candidates' skills with schools' specific characteristics and needs.
- Cultivating the candidate pool.
- Assessing the hiring process to determine whether those responsible for hiring have the information they need.
- Providing resources to help orient new principals quickly.
Build evaluation systems that foster strong principals by:
- Clearly identifying the purposes of the evaluation system.
- Selecting multiple measures of performance that are aligned with standards.
- Providing actionable feedback and support based on evaluations.
- Providing ongoing training to evaluators.
Give principals the autonomy to lead schools by:
- Carefully considering principal capacity, district efficiency, and principal expertise when deciding whether to award autonomy.
- Providing professional development and other supports in areas of enhanced autonomy.
Provide principals with the resources and supports they need by:
- Ensuring district leadership includes a principal representative.
- Enabling principals to share or delegate responsibilities.
- Reducing the administrative burden on school principals when delegation is not feasible.
- Investing in supports for data-driven decisionmaking.
- Providing professional development tailored to the needs of the school and capabilities of the principal.
This report was made possible by funding from the RAND-Sponsored Research program. The research described in this report was conducted by RAND Education, a division of the RAND Corporation.
This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity.
Permission is given to duplicate this electronic document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND Permissions page.
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. |
Monthly Archive:: 6æ 2010
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ST. ALBANS, Vt. â The greenhouse in the snow by Lake Champlain has holes in its plastic wrapping, and nothing about the soil-filled milk crates on the tarp-covered ground suggests it is part of a grand experiment.
But after two years of research, scientists at the University of Vermont believe that an exotic crop â once unthinkable here, and perhaps laughable, too â might boost this bucolic stateâs agricultural economy.
The crop is saffron, the worldâs most expensive spice, 90 percent of which comes from half a world away in the semi-arid fields of Iran. Itâs an ancient crop, used for thousands of years in food and dyes and linked in lore to mysterious â almost magical â medicinal powers.
Now, itâs found a tiny toehold in Vermont, which, it turns out, has a climate much like northeastern Iranâs.
To her delight, UVM researcher Margaret Skinner discovered that saffron planted in the greenhouse had up to four times the yield of that grown in Iran and withstood the Vermont cold much better than expected.
âWe didnât want to start promoting it until we had data,â Skinner said. âBut saffron has incredible potential to fit into a unique niche.â
At $19 a gram and $100,000 of estimated revenue per acre, saffron also has a chance to be uniquely profitable in Vermont, the scientist said. âYou can start making money the first year. To me, itâs a no-brainer,â Skinner said.
The saffron flower, which blooms and is harvested in late October to early November, could benefit Vermont farmers as a complementary crop, Skinner said.
âIf I want to make a living as a farmer, I have to do a bit of everything,â said Skinner, who grew up in the state. âThey are looking for new cropping ideas, and this doesnât take a lot of science or education.â
The saffron experiment would not have started without a simple question from an Iranian who came to Vermont two years ago to visit his wife, who was studying at the university.
The query came from Arash Ghalehgolabbehbahani, a post-doctoral associate who works with Skinner and knows the spice from his time in Mashhad, a city in northeastern Iran where saffron plays an important economic and cultural role.
âI always was thinking about saffron, the most expensive legal crop in the world,â Ghalehgolabbehbahani said with a smile.
âOne day he asked, âWhy donât you grow saffron in Vermont?â â recalled Skinner, who codirects the universityâs Entomology Research Lab. âMy initial thought was âNah, Iâve tried to grow it in the backyard.â â
Growing the delicate purple flower is one thing. Extracting by hand its three reddish stigmas â the threads where pollen germinates in reproduction â is another.
Still, Ghalehgolabbehbahaniâs question and its possibilities lingered with Skinner, and she began searching for ways to investigate.
The means were supplied by Bob Roberts, a 71-year-old retiree whose dream is to create a research and innovation center in the St. Albans area. Roberts offered the greenhouse and has supplied more than $140,000 in funding over two years.
âThis can be a huge cash crop,â Roberts said.
Saffron plays an integral role in the daily Iranian diet and is used in risotto and paella dishes that are better known among Americans, who consume about 25 tons of saffron a year. But part of what attracted Roberts to the experiment is its medicinal potential.
âThereâs a lot of cancer in my extended family,â Roberts said.
Many regard saffron as a cancer-fighting agent and treatment for depression and high blood pressure, Skinner said.
The benefits of growing saffron in Vermont â medicinal, financial, dietary â are obvious to the scientist. But finding a way to cultivate the flower in a northern New England climate was the tricky proposition.
The answers have come from the greenhouse â a protective âhigh tunnel,â in Skinnerâs terminology â and the use of milk crates to provide a roadblock against predatory rodents. Not only did saffron corms, or bulbs, show a resistance to the cold, but the projected revenue per square foot was 15 percent higher than for tomatoes and more than twice the value of winter greens, Skinner said.
Most of the small amount of saffron being grown in the United States is planted primarily by Amish farmers in Lancaster County, Pa.
The findings from Vermont startled Susan Liechty, past president of the Herb Society of America, which gave Skinner and her team a $5,000 grant this year. âI was thrilled. The results they are getting are pretty spectacular,â said Liechty, who has been experimenting with the plant in her Ohio garden.
âSaffron about four years ago became a passion of mine,â Liechty said. âI visited a saffron farm in Italy and was so intrigued by the whole thing.â
Skinner knows saffron is a difficult match for Vermont farmers. The crop is sensitive, the winters are formidable, plucking the stigmas is labor-intensive, and there are the costs of marketing and packaging. Still, she is excited: The ancient spice of saffron, contrary to expectations, grows in Vermont. âWhy didnât they do it 20 years ago?â Skinner asked with a smile. âBecause no one had thought about it.â |
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Down syndrome national patient registry in the works
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is creating a national patient registry of people with Down syndrome to connect families and researchers as they coordinate care and share resources, according to an announcement.
It awarded a $300,000 contract to PatientCrossroads, which previously created registries for patients with muscular dystrophy and rare disorders, to maintain the registry through September 2013.
Users of the registry will be able to enter contact information and health history in the secure, confidential database, customize their profile, update it online, and choose which information they would like to display. They can elect to receive reminders about their medical care and general information about Down syndrome. They also will be able to compare their own medical information to that of other registrants confidentially and anonymously.
With their permission, clinicians and researchers authorized to access the database will be able to contact participants to gauge their interest in participating in research. Plans call for it also to link a biobank of tissue samples and other resources for research.
The registry will be housed at the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which is funding the project. A patient registry was a leading recommendation in the 2007 NIH Down Syndrome Research Plan, which set goals for Down syndrome research.
"This is so important to get even a baseline on health issues associated with Down syndrome," said Michelle Sie Whitten, executive director of the Global Down Syndrome Foundation, in a release.
"Clearly other conditions and diseases have registries and biobanks, and our community deserves the same. The advantage of being late to the table is that we have put lots of best-practice protections in place to benefit people with Down syndrome and their families. Clearly if implemented and supported appropriately, this will be a huge game-changer regarding health outcomes for our children and adults with Down syndrome."
Citing the importance of patient registries to recruitment for clinical trials, the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in April announced plans to create a registry of patient registries, similar to its clinical trials databank launched in 2000.
Researchers from Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute in Canada in July reported using cryptographic techniques to develop a secure protocol for linking data registries for research.
Meanwhile, a report from June looking at value-based healthcare in 12 countries called for better data standards and patient registries to overcome the complexity and fragmentation of healthcare in the United States. |
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