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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: This year alone, MPs have cost the British taxpayer £92,993,748 in expenses.\n\nQ1: What were MP's expenses in 2017/18\nA1: around £35 million\n\nQ2: What year were MP's expenses £93 million?\nA2: 2007/8\n\nQ3: What similar claims were circulating on social media in the past?\nA3: Fact-checker Snopes.com investigated similar unverified claims about members of the US Congress in January 2000.\n\nQ4: What was Snopes.com's relevant comments on these claims?\nA4: Later versions of this item changed the subjects from “members of Congress” to members of Parliament from Canada, India, or the UK, or to players from the NFL and NBA.\n\nQ5: What have reports in the media been about the UK MP expenses?\nA5: A web search using press reader.com reveals a letter published by the Courier Advertiser Perth and Perthshire (Scotland) on 26 December 2011. The relevant extract:\n\nAnd collectively, this year alone, they have cost the British tax payer £92,993,748 in expenses! Which company is this? It’s the 635 members of the House of Commons.\n\nQ6: What date was the current claim made?\nA6: This claim was dated 29/03/2019",
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"content": "justification: in the year of this claim, the expenses were not even close to 35 million. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A double taxation avoidance agreement was signed between India and three new countries, which are: Mauritius, Cyprus, and Singapore.\n\nQ1: Which countries have signed the Double taxation avoidance agreement?\nA1: India had completed DTAA renegotiations with 23 countries, including Switzerland.\n\nQ2: When did Mauritius sign the double taxation avoidance agreement?\nA2: Signed in 1983\n\nQ3: When did Cyprus sign the double taxation avoidance agreement?\nA3: 18th of November 2016\n\nQ4: When did Singapore sign the double taxation avoidance agreement?\nA4: 24th January, 1994",
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"content": "justification: Questions fail to identify India the words \"with India\" need adding at the end.\nThe date the claim was made needs establishing, none of these are new signings. If the claim was news then the facts refute it, but agreements do exist with these countries.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The U.S. has created 5.5 million new jobs, including 600,000 brand new manufacturing jobs, since Donald Trump's election. Nobody would have believed that was possible.\n\nQ1: What is the total number of new jobs since Donald Trump's election?\nA1: 5.38 million since November 2016.\n\nQ2: Since Donald Trump's election, how many brand new manufacturing jobs have been created?\nA2: 493,000 since November 2016.\n\nQ3: Did monthly job gains grow during Donald Trump's tenure compared to Barack Obama's?\nA3: No, because Bureau of Labor statistics show monthly job gains during Trump’s tenure are pretty similar to the scale of the job gains under President Barack Obama between 2010 and 2016.",
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"content": "justification: Although the total number of jobs are close to the claim the amount of jobs in manufacturing are off by over 20%. (Should have been separated into 2 separate claims?)\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US Trump administration passed massive tax cuts, the biggest in the history of the country\n\nQ1: Did the Trump administration pass the biggest tax cut in the history of the USA?\nA1: In inflation-adjusted dollars, the 2017 tax bill is the fourth-largest since 1940. And as a percentage of GDP, it ranks seventh.",
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"content": "justification: The source is a credible one and shows that there were other administrations that made bigger tax cuts and so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump will get full funding of $300 million for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, which the program has been waiting 30 years for.\n\nQ1: Has the Great Lakes restoration initiative been waiting on funding for 30 years?\nA1: No, The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, a program for restoring the ecosystem of the Great Lakes, was first implemented by the Obama administration in 2010. Federal funding ranged from nearly $300 million to $450 million every year under Mr. Obama.",
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"content": "justification: It seems that the system was implemented by president Obama therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the US, more manufacturing jobs were created in 2018 than any year in 21 years\n\nQ1: How much did manufacturing jobs increase in 2018?\nA1: 269,000\n\nQ2: Prior to this, when was the biggest increase?\nA2: in 1997, the sector increased by 322,000",
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"content": "justification: Before 2018, the last time there was an increment in the number of jobs created was in 1997 and the time difference is 21 years \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump revitalizing automobile industries that were decimated before he took office.\n\nQ1: Was the auto industry in shambles before Trump took office\nA1: Employment in the auto industry declined during the Great Recession, but has been steadily increasing since mid-2009\n\nQ2: Did Trump help create jobs in the motor industry\nA2: No, because The jobs were created by the motor manufactures in various states and with their investments",
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the automobile industry was already on the rise before Donald Trump was president so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Since US President Trump's election in November 2016, 600,000 new manufacturing jobs have been created.\n\nQ1: How many new manufacturing jobs were created in the US in 2017?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How many new manufacturing jobs were created in the US in 2018?\nA2: 351,450",
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"content": "justification: It seems that there is no answer to question 1. Therefore, there is not enough evidence to deduce how many jobs have been created overall.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is an agreement on real time information sharing between India and Switzerland.\n\nQ1: Has an agreement on real time information sharing between India and Switzerland been signed?\nA1: Yes, because the ‘Joint Declaration on Automatic Exchange of Information on Tax Matters – signed in November 2016’. This agreement allows for real time information sharing of the finances related to Indian nationals with bank accounts in Switzerland.",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source shows that there is an agreement between India and Switzerland and so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bluegill fish are responsible for over 500 peoples deaths in the United States of America every summer.\n\nQ1: What is the bluegill fish?\nA1: The bluegill, is one of the most popular sport fish in the United States, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The fish’s range spans North America, from Canada to northern Mexico, and they like quiet streams, ponds, lagoons and small- to medium-sized lakes.\n\nTheir diet? Insects, insect larvae, small crustaceans and worms. (No humans listed.)\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence that bluegill fish kill humans?\nA2: No, because news coverage of the fish is positive, and it doesn’t suggest that we should fear the bluegill.\n\nOn May 25, 2018, USA Today published a piece titled: \"Easy to find and fun to catch, bluegill are America’s fish.\"\n\n\"They’re delicious when lightly battered and fried,\" the story says.",
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"content": "justification: From the 2nd QA it seems that the blluegill fish is not harmful to humans. therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: America's Fox News shows beat their average performance, as their CNN and MSNBC counterparts plunged on March 26 and 27, 2019.\n\nQ1: What happened on March 26 and 27, 2019?\nA1: Barr's report surrounding Trump's campaign.\n\nQ2: After Barr's report, did CNN and MSNBC rating drop through the floor?\nA2: Yes, because Yes, MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow took a hit and Fox News shows got a bump after Barr’s report.\n\nThe Associated Press reported Nielsen ratings showing Maddow’s audience on Monday, March 25, was down 19 percent from her average, and it slipped a little further on Tuesday.\n\nQ3: Did Fox news audience shoot up during the same time period?\nA3: Meanwhile, Fox News’ Sean Hannity saw his audience shoot up 32 percent Monday. Generally, Fox News shows beat their average performance, as their CNN and MSNBC counterparts \"plunged,\" as the Associated Press put it.",
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"content": "justification: Associated Press reported on the official audience ratings.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Founding father Thomas Jefferson said, “A government big enough to give you everything you want is strong enough to take everything you have.”\n\nQ1: Did Thomas Jefferson say, “A government big enough to give you everything you want is strong enough to take everything you have.”\nA1: Neither this quotation nor any of its variant forms has been found in the writings of Thomas Jefferson. Its first known appearance in print was in 1952, although it is most likely older. It appeared frequently in newspapers in the 1950s (usually unattributed), and was even used in political cartoons.",
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"content": "justification: Seems that thomas Jefferson did not make this quote, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the last two years The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers have made 266,000 arrests of criminal aliens…including those charged or convicted of nearly 100,000 assaults, 30,000 sex crimes, 4,000 kidnappings, and 4,000 murders.\n\nQ1: Can a singular person be charged with multiple crimes and convictions by ICE officers (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) in the United States?\nA1: Yes, because Each administrative arrest may represent multiple criminal charges and convictions.\n\nQ2: Does ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) account for individuals whom have multiple convictions and criminal charges?\nA2: No, because Rather than explicitly state whether each conviction and charge has been made by separate individuals- ICE lumps all charges and convictions together. This means that 15 criminal convictions could be commited by 1 person, but there is no way to distinguish this from the collected data: multiple charges and convictions can be caused by 1 person.\n\nQ3: How many arrests did Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers make between 2016-2018 in the United States?\nA3: 266,109\n\nQ4: Does a criminal charge mean you are guilty of a crime?\nA4: No, because There are several steps to a charge becoming a conviction. The charges an individual is filed with have to be judged in a court of law. If the defendant of the charges is found to be innocent, the charges are aquitted. If a defendant of the charges is found to be guilty, the charges are convicted and sentencing occurs. Therefore, having a criminal charge does not neccessarily mean you are guilty of the filed charge until trial.\n\nQ5: What was the total offense number of assaults recorded by ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement)\nin 2018?\nA5: Assault \n-20,766 criminal charges \n-29,987 criminal convictions \n\nTotal Offenses = 50,753\n\nQ6: What was the total offense number of assaults recorded by ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement)\nin 2017?\nA6: 48,454",
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"content": "justification: The claim is misleading as the comparison between number of arrests does not correlate directly with the number of crimes - as one person might have committed multiple crimes. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Since US President Trump's election in November 2016, 5.5 million new jobs have been created.\n\nQ1: How many new jobs were created in the Between the time of claim (March 2019) and Donald Trump taking office?\nA1: 5.38 Million",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The number in the answer, 5.38million is close enough\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A generation ago, 37 cents out of every US food dollar went into a farmer’s pocket. Today, it’s 15 cents.\n\nQ1: What is a food dollar?\nA1: The food dollar series measures annual expenditures by U.S. consumers on domestically produced food.\n\nQ2: What was the farmers share of the food dollar in the 1970-1980 period ?\nA2: A 2015 Congressional Research Service report, combining several data sets, indicates that the farm share was about 37 cents in the 1970-1980 period\n\nQ3: What is the current farmers share of the food dollar?\nA3: 14.6 cents however Under this metric, farm production receives only 7.8 cents of the dollar. The gap between 14.6 cents and 7.8 cents indicates that farms spent 6.8 cents of the money they earned to purchase products from the other industry groups. (After all, even farmers may eat at McDonald’s.) Since Warren used the phrasing about how much of the agriculture dollars “went into a farmer’s pocket,” the lower number of 7.8 cents may be more appropriate than 15 cents. (Even this figure, however, does not account for 1.4 cents that must go to hire labor, so the amount going into “the farmer’s pocket” is even lower.)",
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"content": "justification: This claim has conflicting evidence. According to the QA pairs, the claim is correct to state that \"37 cents out of every US food dollar went into a farmer's pocket\" as a 2015 Congressional Research Service report, indicates that the farm share was about 37 cents in the 1970-1980 period. However, the claim that \"today it's 15 cents\" seems to be false, as the actual number is 7.8 cents- which is significantly lower. Therefore, this claim has conflicting evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US President Trump's political opponents launched the probe into Russia's presidential election interference as revenge for losing the 2016 election.\n\nQ1: What is U.S President Trump 's political Party?\nA1: Trump is a republican.\n\nQ2: Who are seen as the opponents of the republican party in the U.S?\nA2: Democrats\n\nQ3: Did the Democrats launch a probe to see if Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election?\nA3: Senate Democratic leader did call for a congressional probe into the matter.\n\nQ4: Is there any evidence the probe was politically motivated?\nA4: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: The claim states that Trumps political opponents - \"launched\" the probe into Russia's presidential election interference. Question 3 also relates to - who did \"launch a probe.\" The answer to question 3 states - Senate Democratic leader \"did call\" for a congressional probe. It is not addressed who initiated or began the process. Also there is no reference to the latter part of the claim - \"as revenge for losing the 2016 election\" in any of answers. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) removed thousands of gang members\n\nQ1: How many known or suspected gang members were removed by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in 2017?\nA1: 5,396.\n\nQ2: How many known or suspected gang members were removed by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in 2018?\nA2: 5,872.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The official numbers do show that thousands of gang members were removed from the US.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The US Great Lakes Initiative is to receive full funding of $300 million after a more than 30 years wait.\n\nQ1: What is the date of the claim?\nA1: 28th March 2019\n\nQ2: What is the The US Great Lakes Initiative?\nA2: It is mayors and local officials working to advance the protection and restoration of the Great Lakes\n\nQ3: How much funding was originally allocated to the initiative?\nA3: The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative has been getting over $300 million a year since 2010\n\nQ4: Was it allocated 300 million dollars in 2019?\nA4: No, because Trump’s FY 2020 budget slashes funding to $30 million — a 90 percent cut.",
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"content": "justification: The initiative had been receiving over $300 million per year since 2010. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2018, US drug prices declined for the first time in 46 years.\n\nQ1: How much did the prescription drug consumer price index for February 2018 rise?\nA1: 0.4\n\nQ2: How much did the prescription drug consumer price index for February 2017 rise?\nA2: 0.6\n\nQ3: Were there price hikes in brand-name prescription drug prices in 2018?\nA3: Yes, because For the first seven months of 2018, there were 96 price hikes for every price cut.\n\nQ4: Is the cost of prescription drugs going to increase in 2019?\nA4: Yes, because Prescription drug spending growth is\nthen projected to further accelerate to 4.6 percent in 2019, because of faster utilization growth\nfrom both existing and new drugs, as well as a modest increase in drug price growth.\n\nQ5: Are both drug spending and drug prices going to increase?\nA5: Yes, because Drug prices rose moderately in 2018, therefore drug spending is going to rise as well, partly for this reason.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Contrary to the claim there was price increase for drugs \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Under Donald Trump presidency there will always be protection for patients with pre-existing conditions.\n\nQ1: Did Donald Trump protect Patients with pre existing conditions with his health policy's during his presidency?\nA1: Trump Moved to Strike Down the Affordable Care Act, which would effect and undermine the pre-existing condition benefit\n\nQ2: Did trumps move to strike down the affordable care act get put into law?\nA2: Yes, because A judge in Texas agreed and invalidated the entire law, including its expansion of Medicaid and subsidies to help many low- and middle-income people buy insurance. The Justice Department initially said that only parts of the law, including its protections for pre-existing conditions, should be struck down. But on Monday, it expanded its attack to say the whole law should be invalidated.\n\nQ3: How did Trump protect patients during his time Azerbaijan\nA3: Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump has proposed to repeal the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and replace it with a proposal titled “Healthcare Reform to Make America Great Again.” Proposed reforms include allowing individuals to deduct the full amount of premiums for individual health plans from their federal tax returns, providing block grants to finance state Medicaid programs, and allowing insurers to sell insurance across state lines",
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"content": "justification: The fist QA pair states trumps move to strike down the affordable care act which COULD effect and undermine the pre-existing condition act.\n\nOther QA pairs state he plans to replace it Healthcare reform to make America great again but does elaborate on Pre-existing coverage under that act.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A generation ago, 37 cents out of every food dollar went into a farmer’s pocket. Today, it’s 15 cents.\n\nQ1: How much were farmers making in the 1970s to 1980s\nA1: The farm share was 37 cents\n\nQ2: How much do farmers make per dollar in the United States\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: No evidence to support the 15cents claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Uganda’s President Yoweri Museveni said trees in Finland can take 120 years to mature.\n\nQ1: Is Uganda’s President Yoweri Museveni quoted as saying \"trees in Finland can take 120 years to mature.\"?\nA1: Yes in a Joint address published on Mar 27, 2019",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the president did say the quote so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: “In 2017, there were more marijuana arrests in this country than all violent crime arrests combined.”\n\nQ1: In 2017, how many arrest where there for marijuana possession?\nA1: Almost 600,000 people in 2017 were arrested for marijuana possession, or more than one marijuana possession arrest every minute, All told, 659,700 people were arrested for marijuana law violations in 2017.\n\nQ2: How many arrests were there for violent crime in the same time frame?\nA2: 518,617 arrests in 2017 for violent crimes.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the evidence found, marijuana arrests were higher than all violent crime arrests, with over 659,700 people arrested for marijuana possession in 2017 compared to 518,617 arrests for violent crimes. Hence, the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: “Jokowi administration offers Bogor city to China.\"\n\nQ1: What country does the Jokowi administration rule over?\nA1: Jokowi administration refers Joko Widodo popularly known as Jokowi, who is the 7th and current president of Indonesia.\n\nQ2: Did the president of Indonesia offer to give Bogor city to China?\nA2: The Indonesian information ministry released a statement on March 28, 2019, saying that a story about the administration giving away Bogor city to China had been fabricated.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: According to the second QA pairs an official source the Indonesian information ministry released a statement to directly dismiss the claim made saying it was fabricated.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2017, there were more marijuana arrests in this country than all violent crime arrests combined.\n\nQ1: How many people were arrested for marijuana in 2017 in the U.S?\nA1: 659,700 in 2017,\n\nQ2: In 2017 how many people were arrested for committing a 'violent crime' in the U.S?\nA2: 518,617\t arrests in 2017 for violent crimes",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Correct based on number in provided in the QA pairs.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Robert Soros (Son of George Soros) is married To Sister of Adam Schiff.\n\nQ1: Who is Robert Soros' wife\nA1: Melissa Robin Schiff\n\nQ2: Does Adam Schiff have siblings\nA2: He was the only child of Edward Schiff",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Adam Schiff was an only child. Robert Soros divorced Melissa Schiff in 2014 according to listed source.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2017, there were more marijuana arrests in the US, than all violent crime arrests combined.\n\nQ1: How many people were arrested in the U.S. for marijuana possession in 2017?\nA1: Number of people arrested for a marijuana law violation in 2017: 659,700.\n\nQ2: How many people were arrested in the U.S. for violent crimes in 2017?\nA2: 518,617 were for violent crimes",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: 659,700\n-518,617 = 141,083 more marijuana related arrests.\n\n\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Police in Thailand can issue fines to anyone who does not wear a face mask in public during the novel coronavirus pandemic.\n\nQ1: what have police in Thailand said about this claim?\nA1: The spokesman of the Royal Thai Police also denied that police charged a fine of 200 baht if (people) do not wear a mask, as per the news on social media, by confirming as fake news\n\nQ2: Have Thailands Anti-Fake news centre commented about the claim?\nA2: Fake news, don’t share! People who walk pass police checking point, not wearing a mask will be fined for 200 Baht",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Confirmed Fake news.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Trump immediately dropped American sanctions against Russia after his election,\n\nQ1: What actions did Trump take about Russian sanctions after his election?\nA1: 2nd Feb 2017\nThe U.S. Treasury Department on Thursday adjusted sanctions on Russian intelligence agency FSB, making limited exceptions to the measures put in place by former President Barack Obama over accusations Moscow tried to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election with cyber attacks on political organizations.\n\nThe department said in a statement it would allow U.S. companies to make limited transactions with FSB that are needed to gain approval to import information technology products into Russia.\n\nAt the White House, President Donald Trump responded to a reporter’s question about whether he was easing sanctions on Russia, saying, “I’m not easing anything.”\n\nQ2: Has Trump lifted any Russian sanctions?\nA2: Yes, because Jan. 27, 2019\nThe Trump administration on Sunday lifted sanctions against the business empire of Oleg V. Deripaska, one of Russia’s most influential oligarchs.\n\nQ3: Did President Donald Trump immediately dropped our sanctions against Russia after his election ?\nA3: Trump did not drop the sanctions that President Barack Obama implemented in late December 2016 in response to the cyberattack. Sanctions were imposed on two Russian intelligence agencies, four intelligence officers and three companies that provided support for the cyber operations; the administration also shut down two Russian compounds, in Maryland and New York, and ordered the removal of 35 “intelligence operatives.”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Did not drop the sanctions.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Prime Minister Narendra Modi tops the list of 50 most honest politicians that was released in the USA.\n\nQ1: In what list does PM Modi appear?\nA1: Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi acquires the 9th position on Forbes powerlist.\n\nQ2: Is PM Modi included in any list of the top most honest politicians?\nA2: Yes, PM Modi is included in a list headed Top Honest Politicians Of India, written in a blog by Jagdish Prajapat on Nov 23, 2018.\n\nQ3: Who is Jagdish Prajapat?\nA3: Jagdish Prajapat is a blogger, who describes himself as:\nI love to read and write about National and International Affairs. Follow my YKA page for National Issues and other political updates. My Portfolio: https://www.jagdishprajapat.com\nHe has:\n1 Following | 2 Followers\n\nQ4: Is this list official?\nA4: No, because This is an opinion blog with only a few followers.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Modi did not top the list (he was 5th) and the source of the list is not validated.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nudist beach to open soon on Lake Texoma in Marshall County.\n\nQ1: Is there a nudist beach on Lake Texoma?\nA1: Nude Beach NOT Coming to Marshall County on Lake Texoma.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer refutes the claim as fake news.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africa’s official opposition party, the Democratic Alliance (DA), launched its election manifesto in Johannesburg on 23 February 2019.\n\nQ1: When and where did the SA Democratic Alliance Party launch it's 2019 manifesto?\nA1: The DA Manifesto Launch was delivered to a 20 000-strong audience at the Rand Stadium in Johannesburg on 23/02/2019",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The manifesto was delivered at the Rand stadium in Johannesburg\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Eight Democratic candidates ‘boycott’ the AIPAC conference\n\nQ1: Did eight Democratic candidates ‘boycott’ the AIPAC conference?\nA1: Yes they were :\n\n-Bernie Sanders\n-Kamala Harris\n-Elizabeth Warren\n-Beto O'Rourke\n-Julian Castro\n-Jay Inslee\n-Pete Buttigieg\n-Kirsten Gillibrand.",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "justification: The answer and source give the 8 names of the people who boycotted the conference so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In summary of Robert Mueller's report Bill Barr concludes that Special Counsel Robert Mueller stated, \"while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.”\n\nQ1: Did the report exonerate Trump?\nA1: No,\"Because we determined not to make a traditional prosecutorial judgment, we did not draw ultimate conclusions about the President's conduct. The evidence we obtained about the President's actions and intent presents difficult issues that would need to be resolved if we were making a traditional prosecutorial judgment. At the same time, if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state. Based on the facts and the applicable legal standards, we are unable to reach that judgment. Accordingly, while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.\"\n\nQ2: Does the report conclude that Trump committed a crime?\nA2: No, because Does not accuse or exonerate.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence find that the report did state \"while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.\" Therefore, the report does not accuse or exonerate President Trump. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Council on American-Islamic Relations was founded in response to 9/11.\n\nQ1: When was the Council on American-Islamic Relations founded?\nA1: CAIR was founded in 1994\n\nQ2: What does the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) do?\nA2: CAIR has worked to promote a positive image of Islam and Muslims in America. Through media relations, lobbying, education and advocacy, CAIR works to make sure a Muslim voice is represented. Through our work, CAIR seeks to empower American Muslims and encourage their participation in political and social activism.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Both questions are quite useful in answering the claim. Since the CAIR was founded in 1994, the claim label is clearly refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: An estimated 1 million people marched for a People's vote on Saturday 23rd March.\n\nQ1: What is the estimation for the number of people who marched for the People's vote on Saturday 23rd March in the U.K?\nA1: between 312,000 and 400,000 people,\n\nQ2: How is the estimate of between 312k and 400k people marching in the UK on 23rd March. for the peoples vote made?\nA2: Estimate is based on the visuals from a helicopter image done by Manchester Metropolitan University’s Keith Still, a world leader in crowd science who has developed mandatory event-monitoring training for police.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems from the question and answer apir that indeed there had not been 1mln people who have cast a vote. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: CAIR was founded after 9/11, because they recognized that some people did something and that all of us were starting to lose access to our civil liberties\n\nQ1: What is CAIR?\nA1: The Council on American-Islamic Relations. The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) is a large and prominent advocacy organization for Muslims in the United States.[1] Throughout its history, CAIR has been suspected of supporting political Islamist movements, especially the Muslim Brotherhood.\n\nQ2: When was CAIR founded?\nA2: In 1994, a year before the United States labeled the Palestinian extremist group Hamas a Foreign Terrorist Organization,[3] two individuals who were at the time working for a Hamas offshoot organization (the Islamic Association for Palestine (IAP)) founded CAIR[4] to support Hamas’ agenda in the United States. The IAP was also a known front for the Muslim Brotherhood.[5]",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 2nd Q&A pair point out that the founding date was before 9/11 which is not what is claimed.\nHowever neither the 1st or 2nd Q&A pair mention details about the loss of civel liberties being the cause for the CAIR being founded, with the 2nd Q&A pair stating it was founded to support HAMAS's agendas in the US, which again is not the reason for CAIR's founding given in the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The 2019 DMK parliamentary Manifesto says that: ‘People occupying encroached Temple lands will be regularized and ownership transferred’, ‘Encroached Wakf properties will be reclaimed and handed over to wakf’\n\nQ1: Does the 2019 DMK Parliamentary manifest mention temple lands?\nA1: There is no mention of temple lands in the manifest.\n\nQ2: Do any DMK manifests mention temple lands being regularized and ownership transferred?\nA2: DMK’s 2016 Assembly Elections manifesto, not 2019 Parliamentary Elections manifesto",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The manifesto does not mention temple lands at all.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: America’s life expectancy has declined for the last three years in a row, the first time in a hundred years, because of surges in suicides and drug overdoses.\n\nQ1: What was the life expectancy in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017?\nA1: 2014: 78.9 years\n\n2015: 78.7 years\n\n2016: 78.7 years\n\n2017: 78.6 years\n\nQ2: Is that the first time in a 100 years?\nA2: That was the first time such a three-year stretch had occurred since the flu pandemic a century ago, the CDC said. So, he’s right about it being \"100 years\" since something similar happened.\n\nQ3: What causes of death have caused the decline in life expectancy?\nA3: A CDC report cited three causes of death that have contributed to the decline in life expectancy: drug overdoses and suicides, as Yang said, but also chronic liver disease. (The CDC said chronic liver disease may be caused by both biological and behavioral factors, including hepatitis C or hepatitis B infection and excessive alcohol consumption.)",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Confirmed via CDC and figures.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The UK and US have exported no vaccines.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 21/03/2019\n\nQ2: Had the UK exported any Covid-19 vaccines by 21/03/2019?\nA2: Yes, because Hundreds of thousands of doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine have been flown from the United Kingdom to Australia but the source of the shipments was kept quiet to avoid any controversy in coronavirus-ravaged Britain.\nThe Sydney Morning Herald and The Age can reveal Australia’s early rollout has been propped up by 717,000 doses manufactured in the UK rather than from factories in Europe as widely believed.\nThe first 300,000 UK-made doses landed at Sydney Airport on February 28\n\nQ3: Had the USA exported any Covid-19 vaccines by 21/03/2019?\nA3: 18/03/2021 -\nWASHINGTON (Reuters) - The United States plans to send roughly 4 million doses of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine that it is not using to Mexico and Canada in loan deals with the two countries, yielding to requests to share vaccines with allies.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The QA source link to reliable media reports refuting the claim statement.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: American middle schools caught forcing students to do Muslim prayers 5 times a day.\n\nQ1: Were the photos shown of the middle school children found to be old photos?\nA1: The photographs were obtained from a number of sources. The first comes from the Danville, VA Public School website,[1] in which they posted the date of their March 20th, 2012 tornado drill.\n\nQ2: Are US schools allowed to organise students to pray in large groups in schools ?\nA2: The Supreme Court has made clear that prayers organized or sponsored by a public school — even when delivered by a student — violate the First Amendment, whether in a classroom, over the public address system, at a graduation exercise, or even at a high school football game. (Engel v. Vitale, 1962; School Dist. of Abington Township v. Schempp, 1963; Lee v. Weisman, 1992; Santa Fe Independent School. Dist. v. Doe, 2000)",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The captions of the original photographs reveal that the children are practising safety procedures in case of tornados.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump gave John McCain the kind of funeral he wanted, which as president he had to approve but got no thanks for.\n\nQ1: Did President Trump authorize all of Mr. McCain's funeral arrangements?\nA1: No, because President Trump authorized parts of Mr. McCain’s funeral arrangements but not all.\n\nQ2: What parts of Mr. McCain’s funeral arrangements did President Donald Trump authorize?\nA2: \"At the request of the McCain family, I have also authorized military transportation of Senator McCain’s remains from Arizona to Washington, D.C., military pallbearers and band support, and a horse and caisson transport during the service at the United States Naval Academy\".\n\nQ3: Did President Donald Trump face pressure regarding authorization of Mr. McCain’s funeral arrangements?\nA3: Yes, because President Trump received pressure from his staff, veteran groups, and lawmakers to have the flag flown at half-staff for Mr. McCain’s funeral.\n\nQ4: What elements of Mr. McCain’s funeral were not up to President Trump?\nA4: Mr. McCain will lie in state at the Capitol Rotunda and receive a full-dress funeral service at the Washington National Cathedral. According to the Architect of the Capitol, either a congressional resolution or congressional leadership authorization was required.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Evidence doesn't show what John McCain's personal funeral wishes were, therefore that is not possible to verify. Certainly US President Trump authorised some parts of the arrangements, including some requests by the McCain family, but the evidence does point out some pressure was put on the president to make some decisions, like flying the flag half-staff for example.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria has ‘100 million generators in private hands’.\n\nQ1: Is there data showing how many people have generators?\nA1: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: No answered provided to draw a conclusion\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Women in Russia get paid less than men for the same work.\n\nQ1: What is the percentage difference between average monthly Salaries of Men & Women in Russia?\nA1: Women get paid 20.5% less.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The 1st Q&A pair state that women in Russia are paid 20.5% less than men in Russia, which is supportive of the claim saying women in Russia get paid less than men.\nThe Q&A states this is just an average, but this means it covers more work types thus supporting the 'same job' part of the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: United States G.D.P is above 3 percent for the first time in fourteen years but the press took odd months and said it was 2.9.\n\nQ1: What were the two best growth figures for GDP growth in 2015?\nA1: 3.8% and 3%\n\nQ2: What does the 2.9% figure refer to?\nA2: Real GDP increased 2.9 percent in 2018 (from the 2017 annual level to the 2018 annual level)",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: 2.9 is calculated based on the real GDP rather than the odd months.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: For four years President Obama budgeted for zero upgrades to U.S tanks which affected U.S military readiness and slashed the work force by sixty percent at manufacturing plants in Lima, Ohio.\n\nQ1: When was Barack Obama president of the USA?\nA1: Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017\n\nQ2: Did Obama budget for tank upgrades during his presidency?\nA2: 2012 - $255.0 million to continue upgrading existing M-1 tanks.\n\nQ3: Was the US workforce slashed by 60%\nA3: No answer could be found.\n\nQ4: Did Obama cause jobs to be lost at lima tank building facilities?\nA4: President Obama did not propose cuts or program cancellations that would have shutdown the Abrams Tank plant. Specifically, President Obama’s FY2016 budget proposal included more than $445 million to accelerate the next major upgrade to the Abrams Tank and to sustain the Lima tank production facility.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The president did provide money for the upgrade of tanks and also enough for the sustainability of the tank plant in Lima\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code has led to significant results in India.\n\nQ1: What is purpose of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code\nA1: The Code has been framed with the object to consolidate and amend the laws relating to reorganization and insolvency resolution of corporate persons, partnership firms and individuals in a time bound manner\n\nQ2: Are there known effects of the the Insolvency and Bankruptcy code since it's implementation\nA2: According to the Annual report of the Ministry of 2017-2018, cases under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code are still under further resolution as at 31st December",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: From Q.2 it looks as though the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code has not led to significant results in India. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The gross domestic product grew 3.1 percent in 2018, after adjusting for inflation.\n\nQ1: What was the growth rate of the United States' GDP in 2018\nA1: For 2018 as a whole, the economy grew 2.9 percent\n\nQ2: Who made this claim?\nA2: Donald Trump\n\nQ3: What calculation did trump use for GDP?\nA3: A calculation, known as 4Q/4Q\n\nQ4: What does the calculation, known as 4Q/4Q, show the GDP at?\nA4: 3.1 percent when calculated on a Q4/Q4 basis\n\nQ5: Is the difference between 2.9 percent and 3.1 percent considered a big one?\nA5: New York Times reporter Ben Cassleman writes, the difference between 2.9 percent and 3.1 percent is statistically negligible",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: There is a statistically negligible difference in the figures, between what was gotten and what was claimed. Since it is negligible the claim is true. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Russia has a lower prison population than America because of the presence of telephone justice in Russia\n\nQ1: What was the USA Prison population in 2019?\nA1: 1,430,800 at year-end 2019\n(page 1 of source)\n\nQ2: What was the Russian prison population in 2019?\nA2: 455,514 people were serving their sentences in correctional colonies in Russia\n\nQ3: What is telephone justice?\nA3: telephone justice – the practice of powerful individuals calling judges to instruct them on what verdicts to deliver\n\nQ4: What affect has telephone justice had on Russian incarcerations?\nA4: No answer could be found.\n\nQ5: Why does Russia have a low number of people in prison?\nA5: No answer could be found.\n\nQ6: Does the United States have a high rate of people in prison?\nA6: Year after year, the United States beats out much larger countries – India, China – and more totalitarian ones –Russia and the Philippines – for the distinction of having the highest incarceration rate in the world.\n\nAccording to a 2018 report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), nearly 2.2 million adults were held in America’s prisons and jails at the end of 2016. That means for every 100,000 people residing in the United States, approximately 655 of them were behind bars.\n\nQ7: Why does the United States have more people in prison?\nA7: - Most inmates are held in state prisons and local jails – not federal prisons.\n\n-In many cities and states, money often decides who stays in jail and who gets out.\n\n- Once you’re in the criminal justice system, it’s often difficult to get out.\n\nQ8: Is the presence of telephone justice in Russia problematic?\nA8: In the Russian Federation, judges remain prone to undue influence. A 2010 ICJ mission learned that the phenomenon of “telephone justice” remained widespread: reportedly, judges are often – as a matter of routine – directly instructed by the court president how to resolve a specific case. The ICJ’s interlocutors also stressed the fact that as judges are aware of the expectations of a particular outcome in a case over which they preside regardless of the evidence, there is often no need to give direct instructions. Furthermore when such expectations are not met, a judicial decision may be overturned or not implemented and the judge may face discipline as a result of having issued an “erroneous” decision. Two types of cases, in which “telephone justice” is particularly prevalent, were singled out: criminal cases for conduct considered to be terrorism-related and cases related to the exercise of the rights to freedom of expression or peaceful assembly.[15]",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim is correct about the US having a larger prison population than Russia, However there is no link to the reason for it being down solely to telephone justice in Russia \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Indian Government has approved Public Sector Banks to amalgamate through an alternative mechanism to facilitate consolidation\n\nQ1: Has The Indian Government approved Public Sector Banks to combine through an alternative mechanism to facilitate consolidation?.\nA1: With a view to facilitate consolidation among the nationalized banks to create strong and competitive banks, Government has put in place an approval framework for proposals to amalgamate nationalized banks\n\nQ2: How will the Bank of Baroda, Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank amalgamate together?\nA2: Through Alternative Mechanism (AM)\n\nQ3: What is Alternative Mechanism (AM)?\nA3: Taking note of this and potential benefits of consolidation for banks as well as public at large through enhanced access to banking services, Government, with a view to facilitate consolidation among public sector banks to create strong and competitive banks, serving as catalysts for growth, with improve risk profile of the bank, approved an approval framework for proposals to amalgamate PSBs through an Alternative Mechanism (AM). AM, after consulting RBI, in its meeting held on 17.9.2018, approved that Bank of Baroda, Vijaya Bank and Dena Bank may consider amalgamation of the three banks. Banks have since considered amalgamation and the Board of Dena Bank has recommended the same, while Boards of Bank of Baroda and Vijaya Bank have given in-principle approval therefor.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 2 shows that yes the Indian Government has approved Public Sector Banks to amalgamate through an alternative mechanism to facilitate consolidation as is claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Illegal immigrants to the USA kill 4,000 people per year.\n\nQ1: How many people are killed by illegal immigrants in the U.S. per year?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How many arrests have ICE made in the 2020 fiscal year?\nA2: In FY 2020 ICE ERO conducted 103,603 administrative arrests\n\nQ3: How many of the ICE arrests have a history of criminal convictions or pending criminal charges in the 2020 fiscal year?\nA3: 90 percent of those arrested had criminal convictions\nor pending criminal charges at the time of arrest.\n\nQ4: What is ICE's criminal history involving homicide in the 2020 fiscal year?\nA4: A total of 1,837 offences involving homicide were registered. Of that number, 1,687 were convicted and 369 pending charges.\n\nQ5: Are the criminal histories of ICE in homicide cases for the 2020 fiscal year from that year?\nA5: No, because ...the combined offenses noted in those two years didn’t necessarily involve homicide cases from those years. They were people who had been charged with or convicted of homicide in the United States at some time in the past — ICE data doesn’t indicate when.\n\nQ6: How many illegal immigrants were convicted of committing homicide in 2019?\nA6: Alex Nowrasteh, director of immigration studies at the libertarian Cato Institute, said that in Texas, which does track immigration status in crimes, 42 immigrants in the country illegally were convicted of committing a total of 50 homicides in 2019. If those numbers were representative of the country overall, he estimated, about 294 homicides would have been committed by immigrants in the country illegally in 2019.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is no nationwide data on crimes committed specifically by “illegal immigrants”. However, the alleged number of Americans killed as stated in this claim is much higher than any available information on crime.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: West Virgina has fewer science, technology, engineering and math graduates than any neighbouring state.\n\nQ1: Which states share a border with West Virginia\nA1: It’s bordered by Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Maryland in the north; Maryland and Virginia in the east; Virginia and Kentucky in the south; and Kentucky and Ohio in the west.\n\nQ2: How many STEM degrees were conferred in West Virginia in 2016\nA2: 30,421\n\nQ3: Which state had the closest value to that of West Virginia\nA3: The closest state was Kentucky with 47, 143 conferred STEM degrees",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It looks that West Virginia did have the lowest STEM graduates (30,421) compared to neighboring states - the closest state in numbers was Kentucky (47, 143). \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: People who are vaccinated against chickenpox need to keep getting boosters.\n\nQ1: How many booster shots are recommended after receiving the initial chickenpox vaccine?\nA1: One.\nThe U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends two doses of the chickenpox vaccine for most children. The first dose is given around age 1 and the second around ages 4-6. A single dose of the vaccine reduces the risk of chickenpox between 70-90%, and two doses reduce the risk even more.\nThe chickenpox vaccine was added to the childhood immunization schedule in 1995. The booster dose was added in 2006.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Even though 2 doses are recommended, only 1 booster is needed. So this claim about needing to keep getting boosters is not correct. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Fewer than 500 people a year in the USA are killed by rifles.\n\nQ1: Are there any statistics on how many people are killed by a rifle in the U.S each year?\nA1: Yes, because FBI crime statistics.\n\nQ2: How many deaths from a rifle do these statistics show?\nA2: For 2019 (when the claim was made) showed 364 murders with rifles.\n\nQ3: How many people were killed by a rifle in the U.S in 2018?\nA3: The number for rifles was 297 in 2018\n\nQ4: How many people were killed by a rifle in the U.S in \n2017\nA4: The number for rifles was 403 in 2017.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is supported. According to the QA pairs, the FBI crime statistics claim that 364 people were murdered by rifles in 2019. This is fewer than 500 in the stated claim. Therefore, this claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Natural chickenpox infection in childhood will have 99.999 percent no long-term repercussions.\n\nQ1: Can you get chicken pox twice?\nA1: Most people are immune to chickenpox after having\nthe disease. However, although it is not common,\nsecond cases of chickenpox can occur, particularly\nin immunocompromised people.\n\nQ2: What is shingles?\nA2: Shingles — also known as herpes zoster — is a condition caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox.\n\nQ3: If you have chicken pox can you get shingles?\nA3: If you've ever had chickenpox, you're at risk of developing shingles later in life.\n\nQ4: Is shingles caused by chickenpox?\nA4: Most people who have had chickenpox will be immune to the disease for the rest of their lives. However, the virus remains inactive in nerve tissue and may reactivate later in life causing shingles. Very rarely, a second case of chickenpox does happen. Blood tests can confirm immunity to chickenpox in people who are unsure if they have had the disease.\n\nQ5: Is shingles common?\nA5: Shingles is particularly common in older people. Although it can be very unpleasant, it’s usually over in about two to four weeks if there are no complications.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Individuals are at risk of having Shingles if they have had Chickenpox earlier in life \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand has the most votes against Donald Trump cabinet nominees\n\nQ1: How many votes has Kirsten Gillibrand had against Trump nominees\nA1: She had 20 votes of \"no\" against his nominees\n\nQ2: How did the other senators vote concerning Trump nominees\nA2: Cory Booker voted \"no\" for 18 times \nKamala Harris voted \"no\" for 18 times",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: True\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 50% of Americans agree that Robert Mueller’s investigation is a Witch Hunt.\n\nQ1: What is Robert Mueller’s investigation about?\nA1: He investigated It the Russian government's attempts to boost then-candidate Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S election.\n\nQ2: Did any Americans think the investigation was unnecessary?\nA2: When a USA Today survey, taken March 13-17, asked the following: “President Trump has called the Special Counsel’s investigation a ‘witch hunt’ and said he’s been subjected to more investigations than previous presidents because of politics. Do you agree?”\n50.30& answered yes.\n\nQ3: what is a double barrel question?\nA3: it’s when you force respondents to answer two questions at once. It’s also a great way to ruin your survey results.\n\nQ4: Is the survey question a double barrel question?\nA4: Yes, because It askes 2 questions, so you cannot tell which one people are agreeing with.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Confirmed at 50.3%\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria generates over 62 million tonnes of waste a year\n\nQ1: How much waste is Nigeria estimated to generate every year?\nA1: Waste generation rate in Nigeria is estimated at 0.65-0.95 kg/capita/day which gives an average of 42 million tonnes of wastes generated annually. This is more than half of 62 million tonnes of waste generated in sub-Sahara Africa annually.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the answer of 42 million tonnes is not close enough to 62 million tonnes to confirm this claim. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 50%of all school teachers in Texas (US) are working second or third jobs.\n\nQ1: According to research what number of teachers in Texas are working 2nd and 3rd jobs\nA1: Overall,\n18 percent of teachers had a job\noutside their school system",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A shows that the statistic is wrong and nowhere near the figure stated. So the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Each person [in Nigeria] generates an average of 0.65 kg of waste per day\n\nQ1: How much waste does each person in Nigeria create a day?\nA1: The average daily per capita household waste generation is 0.634kg/capita/day.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The average daily per capita household waste generation is 0.634kg/capita/day.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: POLITICS Nigeria HAS Won Over 700 Medals In The Last 3 year\n\nQ1: How many medals did Nigeria win in 2016?\nA1: The 2016 Olympic Games... \nTeam Nigeria ended the entire competition with a bronze medal, which was won in the men’s football competition by the Dream Team VI\n\nQ2: How many medals did Nigeria win in 2017?\nA2: BAMAKO, Mali (FIBA Women’s AfroBasket 2017) - Nigeria claimed their third FIBA Women’s AfroBasket title after beating Senegal 65-48 in Sunday's Final in the Malian city of Bamako.\n\nQ3: How many medals did Nigeria win in 2018?\nA3: Team Nigeria has won nine gold and two silver medals to rank among the best at the just concluded Africa Gymnastic Level system in Pretoria, South Africa.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that Nigeria has won not even 10 medals. Therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: No one in Mid Ulster speaks Irish as their first language.\n\nQ1: What language is spoken in Mid Ulster\nA1: Mid-Ulster English is also spoken in the north and is less Scots-influenced.\n\nQ2: Where is Mid Ulster located\nA2: It is located in Northern Ireland\n\nQ3: How many people in Northern Ireland speak Irish (Gaelic)?\nA3: According to the 2011 Census, Mid Ulster's local government district (LGD) had 440 residents who spoke Irish (Gaelic) as their first language.\n\nQ4: What languages are spoken in Northern Ireland?\nA4: Nearly everyone in Northern Ireland speaks English. A small number of people speak Irish Gaelic, an old Celtic language which is very different from English. The other regional language is Ulster Scots, a variation of English which is spoken in Northern Ireland and is similar to Scots spoken in Scotland.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 3rd q&a pair clearly show that there are people in Mid Ulster that speak Irish (gaelic) so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Wall Street got a trillion dollar bail out in 2008.\n\nQ1: What is the bail out referred to in the claim?\nA1: The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).\n\nQ2: What is the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)?\nA2: A bill to provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure certain types of troubled assets for the purposes of providing stability to and preventing disruption in the economy and financial system and protecting taxpayers, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide incentives for energy production and conservation, to extend certain expiring provisions, to provide individual income tax relief, and for other purposes.\n\nQ3: How much was paid through the TARP?\nA3: $634.8 billion.\n\nQ4: What other institutions did the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) include?\nA4: In addition to financial firms, non-financial firms also sought support under TARP, most notably U.S. automobile manufacturers.\n\nQ5: What is Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?\nA5: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are publicly held financial institutions that were created by Acts of Congress to fulfil a public mission: to enhance the liquidity and stability of the U.S. secondary mortgage market and thereby promote access to mortgage credit, particularly among low- and-moderate income households and neighborhoods.\n\nQ6: How much were Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac bailed out by the U.S. government in 2008?\nA6: Fannie Mae = $119,836,000,000 \t\nFreddie Mac = $71,648,000,000 \t\n\nTotal = $191,484,000,000\n\nQ7: How much did the U.S. government bail out the American International Group in 2008?\nA7: $67,835,000,000\n\nQ8: Do the listed institutions amount of bail-outs add up to $1 trillion as the claim states?\nA8: No, because $702,319,000,000",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Bail out was approximately 70% of that stated in claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Lagos has an estimated 21 million inhabitants\n\nQ1: What was the population of Lagos city in Nigeria in 2019?\nA1: One population forecast put the population for Lagos in 2019 around, 24,187,400\n\nQ2: IS there a accurate figure for Lagos's population in 2019?\nA2: No, because The Population of Nigeria (1950 - 2019) chart plots the total population count as of July 1 of each year, from 1950 to 2019. and shows 9,000,000 for Lagos but no date is shown\n\nQ3: Is there a reliable figure for the population of Lagos?\nA3: No, because The population of Lagos according to the Lagos State Government was 17.5 million, a number disputed by the Nigerian Government and judged unreliable by the National Population Commission of Nigeria",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Too much variance in numbers quoted in the answers.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Indian government has issued an order against sharing political posts online.\n\nQ1: Did the Indian government ordered against publication/sharing politically inclined posts online.\nA1: Earlier this week, BBC had to issue a clarification that it had not commissioned any pre-poll survey in Karnataka. The reason? A fake survey claiming that the Bharatiya Janata Party would win 135 seats in the forthcoming Karnataka elections has been doing the rounds on WhatsApp—with a BBC link provided for legitimacy. The link, of course, merely leads to BBC’s India home page. This is the latest in a long string of fake news that has plagued the build-up to the elections.\n\nElectoral dirty tricks and propaganda have always been a part of politics. Stalin infamously urged writers to become “engineers of human souls\". What is new is the ease and scale with which technology can compromise our political process. The role social media, with its dopamine highs, played in Brexit and the 2016 US presidential election are the standout examples, but it goes beyond that. The US military has been experimenting with “computational propaganda\" in Cuba and the Middle East. The Russians are developing software for information warfare. Then there are drug cartels in Mexico suppressing Twitter debates. Regimes are busy building digital dictatorships—from China’s Citizen Score initiative to Singapore’s “data controlled society\".\n\nThis is the evolution of espionage 2.0 with the entire electoral process at risk. Election machinery could be attacked. Data could be stolen, information leaked and systems brought to a standstill. There could be hacks into databases, and cyber attacks on election war rooms and critical Election Commission (EC) infrastructure. This is not fearmongering. To give just two examples, Andrés Sepúlveda is currently serving a prison term in Colombia for manipulating Latin American elections over the past decade. And, in May 2015, Germany discovered a breach of 14 servers in the lower house of its parliament, originating from Russia.\n\nIndia is not immune to these threats. Prashant Jha, in How BJP Wins: Inside India’s Greatest Election Machine, has written about the s\n\nQ2: Does the Crime Prevention Council of India have authority to issue instruction on social media use?\nA2: The website does not look like the government endorses the council as illustrated by the image at the bottom of the home page which implies that only the media endorse them. The council is not linked to the government.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence finds this to be fake. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Images of the new Indian e-passport.\n\nQ1: Does India have e-passports?\nA1: Not yet. Speaking in January 2019, PM Modi said they would been introduced soon.\n\nQ2: What will the Indian e-passports look like?\nA2: 1. The e-passport will have thicker front and back covers\n\n2. The back cover will have a small silicon chip, smaller than a postage stamp, as well as an embedded rectangular antenna\n\nQ3: Does India have e-passports and have the looks of future e-passport been released ?\nA3: No, India does not have a e-passport, though there has been plan to upgrade to e-passport and feature it will contain, but the new looks for the e-passport has not been released.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The design hasn't been released and India doesn't have an E-passport yet\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Senator Thom Tillis changes position on President Trump's national emergency declaration for border wall funding\n\nQ1: Did Senator Thom Tillis change position on President Trump's national emergency declaration for border wall funding?\nA1: A Washington Post reporter called Tillis’ vote a \"remarkable flip-flop.\" WRAL’s editorial staff referred to it as a \"flip-flop for the ages.\" The Fayetteville Observer’s editorial writers said it was an \"Olympic gold flip-flop.\" In a fundraising email, the North Carolina Democratic Party said Tillis \"says one thing, then does another.\"\n\nQ2: What did Tillis say about his change of heart?\nA2: \"My main concern with this executive action is future potential abuses. I have a concern with the executive action that the president took, the emergency order. That’s why I voiced it,\" Tillis said, adding: \"But I’m sympathetic to what he was trying to do … and I thought we could view this as an opportunity to where maybe we could have a discussion about the National Emergencies Act and potentially make a real difference here.\"\n\nQ3: What had Tillis originally said?\nA3: \"Although Trump certainly has legitimate grievances over congressional Democrats’ obstruction of border-security funding, his national emergency declaration on Feb. 15 was not the right answer,\" Tillis wrote.\n\nThis particular line of the op-ed stands out:\n\n\"There is no intellectual honesty in now turning around and arguing that there’s an imaginary asterisk attached to executive overreach — that it’s acceptable for my party but not thy party,\" Tillis wrote.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems from the 2nd and 3rd QAs that the claim is indeed supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) can cure cancer.\n\nQ1: Do scientists support the use of Sodium Bicarbonate in treating cancer?\nA1: Available scientific evidence also does not support the idea that sodium bicarbonate works as a treatment for any form of cancer",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Scientists say that Sodium Bicarbonate does not work as a treatment for any form of cancer \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe biden said The Trump budget cuts $845 billion, almost a trillion dollar cut in Medicare.\n\nQ1: By how much does the Trump budget cut the funds for Medicare\nA1: the budget reduces Medicare spending by $515 billion or $575 billion (depending on how one measures)\n\nQ2: Where do the cuts come from\nA2: Rather than coming from benefit reductions, these savings come largely from policies that would reduce the cost of care for the taxpayer and Medicare beneficiaries – and many of them build upon ideas originally proposed in President Obama's budgets.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Sees that the cut that Trump is doing is less than what is claimed. Therefore the label is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump says Jews are leaving the Democratic Party\n\nQ1: What percentage of Jews vote for Democrats as opposed to voting for Republicans\nA1: Jewish voters once again backed Democratic candidates by large margins. In 2018, 79% voted for Democrats and 17% voted for Republicans",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: I cannot determine if Jewish people are leaving/have left the Democratic Party because the questions do not address whether the percentage of Jewish people voting for Democrats has changed over a period of time (they only look at a fixed point in time - 2018 - stating that more Jewish people voted for Democrats than Republicans - this may or may not be less than in previous years).\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democrats in the House of Representatives voted for the right of illegal immigrants to vote in the US.\n\nQ1: Can immigrants vote in US federal elections?\nA1: No, because US Federal Law prohibits aliens from voting in federal elections.\n\nQ2: Did Dan Crenshaw file a Motion to Recommit the For the People Act?\nA2: Yes, because It was introduced the same day as the Act was voted on.\n\nQ3: Dis Democrats vote against to Motion to Recommit the For the People ACt?\nA3: Yes, because 227 nays.\n\nQ4: Is a Motion to Recommit legally binding?\nA4: No, because . A “sense of” resolution is not legally binding\nbecause it is not presented to the President for his signature\n\nQ5: Is the H.R. 1 bill proposing changes to the voting rights of illegal immigrants?\nA5: No, because There is no mention of changing the voting laws to allow illegal immigrants to vote.\n\nQ6: What changes does the H.R. 1 bill propose to election laws?\nA6: H.R. 1 makes critical reforms across three key areas:\n\nVoting Rights\n- Improve Access \n- Promote Integrity\n- Ensure Security\n\nCampaign Finance\n- Guarantee Disclosure \n- Empower Citizens\n\nEthics and Accountability\n- Fortify Ethics Law\n- Impose Greater Ethics Enforcement",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 3 says democrats voted against a bill to illegal immigrants the right to vote in the US.\nWith Q&A 7 saying another bill connected to voting also does not give illegal immigrants this right as is claimed.\n\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 52 counties in the state of New York have average taxes of above the SALT (state and local taxes) $10,000 cap\n\nQ1: what are the taxes in american counties?\nA1: \"This is a big deal for our state: New Yorkers reported more than $72 billion in deductions for income and property taxes in 2015,\" DiNapoli wrote.\n\nOf that total, income taxes accounted for $51.7 billion and property taxes for $20.9 billion. \n\nThe Office of Comptroller found that filers who claimed state and local tax deductions had an average deduction of more than $10,000 in 52 of New York’s 62 counties, according to its analysis of county-by-county data from the Internal Revenue Service’s Statistics of Income program from the 2015 tax year.",
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"content": "justification: The evidence supports the number of New York counties with average taxes above the SALT cap.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Boeing 737 Max 8, the type of plane that crashed in Ethiopia, continues to fly in the United States, despite the FAA saying \"software updates are likely coming.\"\n\nQ1: Did the FAA state that \"software updates are likely coming\" regarding the Boeing 737 Max 8?\nA1: Boeing has been working closely with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on development, planning and certification of the software enhancement, and it will be deployed across the 737 MAX fleet in the coming weeks. The update also incorporates feedback received from our customers. \n\nThe FAA says it anticipates mandating this software enhancement with an Airworthiness Directive (AD) no later than April. We have worked with the FAA in development of this software enhancement.\n\nQ2: What did the FAA do after the Lion 610 accident?\nA2: Issued FAA emergency Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2018-23-51 on November 7, 2018\n- Validated that airplane maintenance and functional check instructions on Angle of Attack (AOA)\nvane replacement were adequate\n- Conducted simulator sessions to verify the Operational Procedures called out in FAA AD 2018-23-\n51\n- Validated AOA vane bench check calibration procedures were adequate\n- Reviewed Boeing’s production processes related to the AOA vane and Maneuvering Characteristics\nAugmentation System (MCAS)\n\nQ3: Did any US airlines ground the 737 max 8?\nA3: No, because Voss said he thinks airlines that fly the 737 MAX 8 have been \"doubling up on inspections of sensors\" and making sure all pertinent information about the plane has been communicated to pilots. \"And I would be in continuous communications with Boeing,\" Voss said.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q and A pairs show that the US are still using the planes and that a software update will be coming.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Thomas Jefferson third president of the United States said hemp is of first necessity to the wealth and protection of the country.\n\nQ1: When did Thomas Jefferson say \"hemp is of first necessity to the wealth and protection of the country.\"\nA1: Thomas Jefferson did not say this himself it was said to him in a letter but he did reference it.\n\nQ2: was there any statement done after the release of the article\nA2: Monticello said \"A number of sites on the Internet claim that the Declaration of Independence was written on paper made from hemp. As far as we know, this is not true,\"",
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"content": "justification: It seems that hemp was not actually referenced by Jefferson, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Catholic Church announced that it was introducing burkas for altar servers.\n\nQ1: When did Catholic Church introduces burka for altar servers to cover their head ?\nA1: the wearing of a veil or hat for women seems to have been a fairly consistent practice in the Church in the West until fairly recently. Practices in the Eastern and Orthodox Churches have varied. Protestant denominations also show a wide diversity in this matter. The 1917 Code of Canon Law in the Catholic Church mandated that women wear a veil or head covering. Prior to 1917 there was no universal Law but it was customary in most places for women to wear some sort of head covering. The 1983 Code of Canon Law made no mention of this requirement and by the 1980s most women, at least here in America, had ceased to wear veils or hats anyway. Currently there is no binding rule and the custom in most places is no head covering at all.\n\nScripture – In Biblical Times women generally wore veils in any public setting and this would include the Synagogue. The clearest New Testament reference to women veiling or covering their head is from St. Paul:\n\nQ2: Does the Headcovering Customs of the Ancient Catholic Church includes wearing burkas ?\nA2: I offer this survey of ancient headcovering practices in the hope that it will clear away some common misconceptions, and bring into sharper focus the customs which many biblical expositors have held to be so important for an understanding of the Apostle Paul's instruction to the Corinthians regarding headcoverings. Too often I find that the statements made by biblical expositors on this subject are inaccurate and simplistic. The more research I have done on the subject, the more I have come to see how problematic is the widely-accepted interpretation of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16 which asserts that Paul is merely urging the saints in Corinth to conform to local and secular customs. In my opinion this idea raises more problems than it solves.\n\nI conclude that Paul's explanations pertain to an established Christian custom, which may or may not have corresponded to any Jewish, Greek, or Roman custom of the time. Most \"cultural background\" treatments of this subject have failed to recognize the importance of the fact that in the first century the Church was itself a sub-culture, having its own traditions and customs.\n\nThis survey was prepared as a supporting document for my exegetical commentary on 1 Corinthians 11:2-16, to which I refer the reader for more specific comments on Paul's explanation of the early Christian custom.n ancient times men did not wear trousers, and women did not wear skirts. There were no shirts or blouses such as we wear today, either. Both sexes usually wore flowing garments comparable to the modern woman's dress. (1) In the Greek language the basic article of clothing was called the chiton (χιτών), and in the Latin language it was called the tunica. (2) In general, women wore a long chiton that reached all the way to the ankles. Over the chiton another garment, called the himation (ἱμάτιον), was worn (see figure 1). In the Latin language this was called the palla (for women) or the pallium (for men). The toga was a garment like the pallium, more V\n\nQ3: Where was the claim posted?\nA3: The Postillon.\n\nQ4: Is this website a satire or real news site?\nA4: 1. Are these true news and stories?\nNo, everything you can read here is satire and therefore all made-up. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental.",
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"content": "justification: This information was published on a satire website as per Q&A source information. Therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya has one of the worst maternal mortality rates in the world.\n\nQ1: What is maternal mortality?\nA1: A maternal death is the death of a woman while \npregnant or within 42 days of termination of \npregnancy from any cause related or aggravated by \nthe pregnancy but not from accidental or incidental\ncauses.\n\nQ2: How does Kenya's maternal mortality rate compare to other countries?\nA2: Kenya has a maternal mortality rate of 510 per 1000 live births. In 2015 this translated to 8000 which is one of the highest in the world.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The WHO report shows that maternal mortality rates in Kenya is among the highest in the world.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: El Paso US Democrat Beto O’Rourke said that the only qualifications working women had were their phenomenally large breasts and tight buttocks.\n\nQ1: Where were these words attributed as a quote from US El Paso Democrat Beto O’Rourke?\nA1: The US conservative Club for Growth released a television advert looking to weaken enthusiasm for El Paso US Democrat Beto O’Rourke among Democratic primary voters in the US presidential election in 2019.\n\nQ2: Where had El Paso US Democrat Beto O’Rourke originally used these words?\nA2: Beto O’Rourke had written a review in 1991 for the Columbia University student newspaper of the Broadway musical, saying: ...the lead role is surrounded by perma-smile actresses whose only qualifications seem to be their phenomenally large breasts and tight buttocks.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The quote is cherrypicked from a different place, some years ago. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya has one of the worst maternal mortality rates in the world\n\nQ1: What is considered maternal mortality?\nA1: A maternal death is the death of a woman caused by any stage of pregnancy or by childbirth complications, up to six weeks after delivery. \n\nThe cause of death could be direct (such as excessive bleeding) or indirect (when pregnancy aggravates an existing condition such as kidney problems), but accidental deaths are excluded.\n\nQ2: How is the maternal mortality rate calculated?\nA2: To get the maternal mortality rate, the average annual number of maternal deaths in a population is divided by the female population of reproductive age (typically those aged 15 to 49 years). This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO).\n\nQ3: In the years between 1990 and 2015, how many maternal deaths did Kenya have?\nA3: The data covered 1990 to 2015 and showed Kenya had 510 maternal deaths for every 100,000 live births and The Kenya Demographic and Health Survey found a maternal mortality ratio of 362 deaths per 100,000 live births from 2007 to 2014. .\n\nQ4: Is Kenya one of the countries with a very high ratio of maternal deaths?\nA4: According to the most recent statistics from UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group, Kenya is one of 21 countries with a very high ratio of maternal deaths.\n\nNigeria and India accounted for 34% of all maternal deaths, with sub-Saharan Africa countries accounting for 20 of the 21 countries.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The evidence shows a high rate and that Kenya is one of the worst 21 countries. It does not however, state Kenyas position in those 21 countries. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Poland has had no terror attacks.\n\nQ1: How is a terror attack defined?\nA1: A terror attack is intentional threats or acts of violence perpetrated by non-state actors. The act must be aimed at attaining a political, economic, religious, or social goal. There must be evidence of an intention to coerce, intimidate, or convey some other message to a larger audience (or audiences) than the immediate victims.\nThe action must be outside the context of legitimate warfare activities.\n\nQ2: Has Poland suffered terror attacks before the date of this article?\nA2: Yes, because There were three terror attacks in Poland, two in 2016 and one in 2017.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: A record of terror attacks in Poland exists.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Poland has a no-migrants policy.\n\nQ1: Does Poland has no-migrants policy?\nA1: Poland doesn’t have a “no-migrants” policy but has very few foreign-born residents compared to other European countries.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer informs me that Poland does not have a no migrants policy so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trumps tax cut was about 1.5 trillion dollars scored. It has been virtually paid for, at least 80 percent paid for and that’s by the CBO’s own numbers.\n\nQ1: How much was Donald Trump's tax cut?\nA1: According to CBO’s and JCT’s estimates, enacting H.R. 1 would reduce revenues\nby about $1,649 billion and decrease outlays by about $194 billion over the period\nfrom 2018 to 2027, leading to an increase in the deficit of $1,455 billion over the\nnext 10 years.\n\nQ2: How much of the cost of the tax cut has been covered?\nA2: CBO revised their forecast of the cost of the tax cut to 7.17 billion . The growth of the GDP was $2.330 trillion, or about 32 percent of the total cost.\n\nQ3: What event was the bet made for?\nA3: For SuperBowl on February 7th in Tampa\n\nQ4: What is a prop bet\nA4: In this contenxt, a prop bet is a proposition that you can or cannot do something that is wagered on.\n\nIn our two examples, you proposed that your friend couldn’t jump over something and that you could eat more than five slices of pizza. You attached a wager amount to it, and voila, you’ve made a prop bet.\n\nQ5: What did Bovada say about the bets\nA5: Super Bowl prop ‘Will A Fan Run Onto The Field During The Game",
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"content": "justification: Q&As make no sense. There seems to be no known relation between these questions and the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: HR 1 is going to take your hard-earned tax dollars and millions more and send them to (a political candidate’s) campaign so (they) can put ads on TV\n\nQ1: What is HR1?\nA1: AN ACT \nTo expand Americans’ access to the ballot box, reduce the \ninfluence of big money in politics, and strengthen ethics \nrules for public servants, and for other purposes.\n\nQ2: Where does the money for HR1 come from?\nA2: The money comes from the Freedom from Influence Fund which is derived from a 2.75% fee on penalty charges relating to criminal and civil fines.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers explain that HR1 doesn't mention TV advertisements and also isn't funded by taxes.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Four members of the Congress and Samajwadi Party assaulted two Kashmiri dry fruit sellers in Lucknow, India in March 2019.\n\nQ1: Has any arrests been made after the assault of two Kashmiri dry fruit sellers?\nA1: In a press conference held by the Kalanidhi Naithani, Senior Superitendent of Police, Lucknow regarding the incident, he said that the four people have been arrested and that they are members of the Vishwa Hindu Dal trust, a local right wing group run by Ambuj Nigam.\n\nQ2: What is the Samajwadi Party?\nA2: Born out of the socialist tradition, the Samajwadi Party spearheaded the struggle for reservations, secularism and the quest of power of the middle peasantry, in the early 1990s.\n\nQ3: Are there any links between the Samajwadi Party members and Vishwa Hindu Dal?\nA3: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Police reports said they are members of Vishwa Hindu Dal trust which is right wing group. The Samajwadi party is a left wing group.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Russia has historically reaffirmed its role as a state that is the guarantor of stability and security, and is a party that brings peace, not agression.\n\nQ1: Has Russia historically been a state that is the guarantor of stability and security?\nA1: Russian Occupied Crimea which was seen as a ‘Land Grab’\n\nQ2: Has Russia historically been a state that brings peace, not aggression?\nA2: The International Criminal Court has found Russia's Invasion Of Ukraine Is A 'Crime,' Not A Civil War",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Both Question and Answer pairs return evidence that proves Russia has been aggressive and commited crime by invading Ukraine and was found by the International Criminal Court, therefore the claim must be refuted as both answers suggest quite the opposite to the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Nigerian Supreme Court nullified the results of the 2019 Nigerian Presidential Election.\n\nQ1: Who won the 2019 presidential election\nA1: President Muhammadu Buhari was declared the clear winner by nearly 4 million votes in the early hours of Wednesday as citizens of Africa’s largest democracy gave him another chance to tackle gaping corruption and widespread insecurity\n\nQ2: What was the supreme court's ruling on the presidential election 2019\nA2: Nigeria‘s top court has dismissed an appeal by main opposition candidate Atiku Abubakar to overturn the result of February’s presidential vote in which President Muhammadu Buhari won re-election.\n\n“We have examined all the briefs and the exhibits for over two weeks and we agree that there is no merit in this appeal,” Chief Justice Tanko Muhammad said on Wednesday following the Supreme Court’s judgement.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers show that the supreme court did not nullify the results so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: MMR Vaccine does not causes autism in Children.\n\nQ1: Is there any data showing that vaccines can increase the risk of autism?\nA1: The claim began with a 1998 study published in the Lancet, a British medical journal. The article has since been retracted. The study was led by gastroenterologist Andrew Wakefield, MD. It claimed that, in an examination of 12 children, evidence of the measles virus had been found in the digestive systems of kids who had shown symptoms of autism after an MMR vaccination.\n\nQ2: What does recent research show?\nA2: A massive 10-year study of more than 600,000 children has again confirmed that vaccines do not cause autism.\n\nPublished in the Annals of Medicine in March 2019, it found there was no link between kids being given the vaccine against the childhood diseases of measles, mumps and rubella – the MMR vaccine – and kids developing autism.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that there is strong evidence that the MMR vaccine does not cause autism in children so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Over ninety per cent of those who died during the Troubles in Northern Ireland were killed by paramilitaries.\n\nQ1: Were 90% of those who died during the troubles in Northern Ireland killed by paramilitaries?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How many people died in the Irish Civil War in 1969 ?\nA2: More than 3,500 people died during The Troubles.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Missing evidence: \n- no explanation in 2nd QA as to whether the Troubles referred to in the claim is the same as the Irish Civil War in 1969 (not common knowledge); \n- no evidence to support whether 90% of the over 3500 people that died during the Troubles (referred to in the 2nd QA) were people killed by paramilitaries.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria’s central bank has banned textile imports\n\nQ1: What items are on the list of imported goods that are not valid for foreign exchange, issued by the central bank of Nigeria?\nA1: 1. Rice\n2. Cement\n3. Margarine\n4. Palm kernel/Palm oil products/vegetable oils\n5. Meat and processed meat products\n6. Vegetables and processed vegetable products\n7. Poultry chicken, eggs, turkey\n8. Private airplanes/jets\n9. Indian incense\n10. Tinned fish in sauce(Geisha)/sardines\n11. Cold rolled steel sheets\n12. Galvanized steel sheets\n13.Roofing sheets\n14. Wheelbarrows\n15. Head pans\n16. Metal boxes and containers\n17. Enamelware\n18. Steel drums\n19. Steel pipes\n20. Wire rods(deformed and not deformed)\n21. Iron rods and reinforcing bard\n22. Wire mesh\n23. Steel nails\n24. Security and razor wine\n25. Wood particle boards and panels\n26. Wood Fibre Boards and Panels\n27. Plywood boards and panels\n28. Wooden doors\n29. Furniture\n30. Toothpicks\n31. Glass and Glassware\n32. Kitchen utensils\n33. Tableware\n34. Tiles-vitrified and ceramic\n35. Textiles\n36. Woven fabrics\n37. Clothes\n38. Plastic and rubber products, polypropylene granules, cellophane wrappers\n39. Soap and cosmetics\n40. Tomatoes/Tomatoes pastes\n41. Euro bond/Foreign currency Bond/share purchases\n\nQ2: Is the import of the items on this list banned?\nA2: No, because The 41 import items or goods are not banned or prohibited by Nigeria customs service and the Federal Government of Nigeria. It means that the importer will be not given assistance for sourcing for the Forex in the commercial bank because of the CBN policies. Let me explain in details. Let us say importer A want to import any of the items from the items before he or she will proceed with issuing Form M. The total amount for shipping and cost of purchase must be in the corporate account. And the next process is to write the CBN through the commercial bank and CBN will give approval letter that the importer can go ahead with importation.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pairs list the item that the claim states is banned but then also point out that the item is not banned, as that is not what the import restrictions are about.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former U.S. President Barack Obama didn't turn over any documents to Congress.\n\nQ1: What documents did former U.S. President Obama have to turn in to Congress?\nA1: 1.Operation Fast and Furious: gun-trafficking case\n\n2.Solyndra, a solar-power company that received $527 million in government loans and declared bankruptcy. \n\n3. The attacks on American facilities in Benghazi, Libya, on Sept. 11, 2012.\n\nQ2: Did former U.S. President \nObama turn in documents on \"Operation Fast and Furious\" to Congress?\nA2: Yes, because more than 10,000 pages of documents, 6,989 of them produced by the Justice Department pursuant to subpoena.\n\nQ3: Did former U.S. President \nObama turn in documents on \"Solyndra\" to Congress?\nA3: Yes, because After an extensive investigation which included reviewing over 300,000 pages of\ndocuments, interviewing numerous individuals who played a role in the Solyndra loan\nguarantee, and holding five hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, it is clear DOE should never have issued the loan guarantee to Solyndra\nand that DOE violated the plain language of the law when it restructured the terms of the\nloan guarantee and subordinated the taxpayers’ interest to the interests of two private\nequity investors.\n\nQ4: Did former U.S. President Obama turn in documents on \"The attacks on American facilities in Benghazi, Libya, on Sept. 11, 2012\" to Congress?\nA4: Yes, because When the Committee came into existence in May 2014, it\naccessed approximately 50,000 pages of reports, interview transcripts, depositions, hearing transcripts, memoranda, classified and\nunclassified documents, and other information not cited or used by\nthe standing committees in their investigations.8 The Committee\nreviewed and evaluated the documents page by page.9 This review\ntook place from July 2014 to October 2014.\nAmong these materials—many of which were duplicates—were\n25,000 pages so heavily redacted as to be useless to investigators.10\nThis prompted the Committee to ask the State Department to reproduce the material in less-redacted form.11 The resulting document productions were delivered in two installments—November\n24, 2014, and December 9, 2014.\n\nQ5: Did former U.S. President Obama turn in further documents needed on \"The attacks on American facilities in Benghazi, Libya, on Sept. 11, 2012\" to Congress?\nA5: Yes, because It is reflected\nin the more than 75,000 pages of new documents to which no other\ncommittee of Congress had access.\n\nQ6: Was there a delay in obtaining these documents?\nA6: Yes, because The final report faulted the Obama administration for delaying the document-gathering process, but still obtained over 300,000 pages of documents from the White House, federal agencies and Solyndra and its counsel.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Obama did turn over documents. Specific examples are named in the Q&A.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 3,65,996 crore rupees were directly transferred into bank account of beneficiaries of PAHAL, India's Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG, 431consumer schemes\n\nQ1: How much money was paid to PAHAL beneficiaries by India's DBT in 2019?\nA1: 2,61,71,50,93,600 rupees\n\nQ2: How many different schemes were beneficiaries of DBT in 2019?\nA2: 318",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the amount of consumer schemes conflicts and so does the amount of money transferred.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Muslim Figure Said \"We must have Pork-Free Menus Or We Will Leave U.S\n\nQ1: Where did the story originate?\nA1: allnews4us.com\n\nQ2: What is known about the site allnews4us.com?\nA2: The site is now defunct and a proven fake/hoax news site.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim comes from a now defunct and proven fake/hoax news site.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Bellingcat set out to prove Petrov and Boshirov - two men suspected by British authorities of poisoning Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, England on March 4, 2018 - were secret Russian spies.\n\nQ1: Are Alexander Petrov and Ruslan Boshirov Russina spies?\nA1: The Kremlin denied any Russian state involvement in the poisoning.\n\nQ2: Who are Alexander Petrov and Ruslan Boshirov?\nA2: On September 5th, the British police named two suspects in the attempted murder of Sergei Skripal, a former colonel in Russian military intelligence who later spied for the United Kingdom. Skripal was poisoned with a nerve agent in the cathedral city of Salisbury, earlier this year. According to security officials, Alexander Petrov and Ruslan Boshirov—most likely aliases of agents of the G.R.U., Russia’s military-intelligence service—landed at Gatwick Airport on the afternoon of Friday, March 2nd, on an Aeroflot flight from Moscow.\n\nQ3: What is the GRU?\nA3: The Main Intelligence Directorate, better known by the acronym GRU from its Russian name, is the Kremlin's military intelligence arm.\n\nQ4: Are the GRU spies?\nA4: Sergei Skripal, a former GRU spy who was poisoned this spring in Britain and barely survived.",
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"content": "justification: There's no QA pair attributed to knowing who or what Bellingcat in the claim is referring to\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: PAHAL, India's Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG consumer scheme, is the world’s largest cash transfer program.\n\nQ1: What is Pahal?\nA1: PAHAL- (Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh)\nis a scheme in which subsidized liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders are sold at market rates and consumers are entitled to receive an LPG subsidy directly into their bank accounts.\n\nQ2: Is the Pahal Scheme the worlds largest cash transfer program?\nA2: Pratyaksha Hastaantarit Laabh (PAHAL) scheme has been acknowledged as the world’s largest cash transfer program (households) by the Guinness Book of World Records.\n\nQ3: Why was PAHAL in the Guinness book of world records\nA3: ‘PAHAL’ scheme of the Government of India has been acknowledged by the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest cash transfer programme (households)",
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"content": "justification: It has been acknowledged by the Guiness Book of Records. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: When the Coalition came to power, it inherited a 755 million tonne emissions deficit needed to reach Australia's second Kyoto target because Labor hadn't done the hard work.\n\nQ1: Has the greenhouse gas emmission turned around by 1.1 billion tonnes under Angus Taylor ?\nA1: Mr Taylor's claim is misleading. It found that actual emissions under Labor in 2013 were significantly lower than had been anticipated a year earlier.Meanwhile, emissions under the Coalition have risen for four of the past five years, and are higher today than they were in 2013.\n\nAccording to the department's latest predictions, they will be higher still in 2020, under current policy assumptions",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that they did not inherit that deficit so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vice President, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo has said that \"the N10,000 loan given to traders under the Tradermoni scheme of the Federal Government has been stopped\".\n\nQ1: What is the Tradermoni Program?\nA1: TraderMoni is a loan programme of the Federal Government, created specifically for petty traders and artisans across Nigeria. It is a part of the Government Enterprise and Empowerment Programme (GEEP) scheme of the Federal Government, being\nexecuted by the Bank of Industry.\n\nQ2: How does the Tradermoni program work?\nA2: With TraderMoni, you can receive interest-free loans starting from N10,000 and growing all the way to N100,000 as you pay back. You get N10,000 as the first loan. When you pay back the first loan, you immediately qualify for a second loan of N15,000. After payback of the second loan, you qualify for a N20,000 loan, and then N50,000, and then N100,000.\n\nQ3: Is the Tradermoni Program cancelled?\nA3: No, because The program is not cancelled. It's official website is reguarly updated and there has been no news releases about its cancellation so far.",
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"content": "justification: The main part of the claim stating that a loan scheme has been stopped is shown to not be true in the 3rd Q&A pair.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Obama's 2 terms were a crime spree.\n\nQ1: Where did this claim originate from?\nA1: A Facebook post\n\nQ2: What is the format of this claim?\nA2: It is in meme format with text written over a photo.\n\nQ3: Why do memes sometimes get shared as if it were verified news?\nA3: Computer and Information Scientists at Indiana University Bloomington think their model has the answers. Dr. Filippo Menczer, Dr.Xiaoyan Qiu and others at Indiana University Bloomington believe their research demonstrates that these questions can be answered by just three factors: “the enormous amount of information out there; the limited amount of time and attention people can devote to scrolling through their news feeds and choosing what to share; and the structure of the underlying social networks.”\n\nDr.Menczer talks about if people are being manipulated or tricked:“You could assume that people do know the difference, and still the fake stuff would go viral, simply because of information overload.” The researchers also explain that if the simulation of the networks is assumed to be random- meaning the connections equally distributed throughout the network no memes get shared millions of times. However real-world social networks (like Twitter) have some users who have hundreds of thousands of connections (followers) and these users tend to tip the scale in favor of certain memes causing them to become viral.",
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"content": "justification: The info was posted on a meme that went viral, misinformation can be easily spread through social network and people now it's easier for people to choose what to believe.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald trump claims \"Nobody shows up (for immigration hearings). Three percent of the people come back for a trial.\"\n\nQ1: What percentage of immigrants attend their immigration hearing?\nA1: about 70% percent",
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"content": "justification: the answer shows about 70% of people come back for their hearing. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump claims that Virginia’s Democratic governor said he would allow parents, \"if they didn’t want the child, who is now outside of the womb — long outside of the womb — they will execute the baby after birth.\"\n\nQ1: Does U.S state of Virginia allow the 'execution of new-born babies?\nA1: Virginia law requires abortions be performed in the second trimester or later and only take place in hospital.\n\nQ2: Did the Virginia governor Ralph Northam say he supported 'executing new born babies after birth?\nA2: No, because The claim misquotes what he said which was, \n- there may be a fetus that’s non-viable. So in this particular example, if a mother is in labor, I can tell you exactly what would happen. The infant would be delivered, the infant would be kept comfortable, the infant would be resuscitated if that’s what the mother and the family desired, and then a discussion would ensue between the physicians and the mother.",
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"content": "justification: Donald Trumps words are not supported by the evidence given in the q&a.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: More people are working today in the United States than ever before in the history of our country.\n\nQ1: Are there more people in employment in the United States than ever before?\nA1: Yes, because From Jan 1939 to Feb 2020, there has been a monthly rise in people in employment in the United States.",
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"content": "justification: More people are working today than ever before. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Trump administration passed the largest package of tax cuts and reforms in American history.\n\nQ1: What was the US tax bill for 2019 when this claim was made?\nA1: The tax bill would cost about $1.5 trillion over 10 years, or about $150 billion a year.\n\nQ2: How does that compare to previous years?\nA2: In inflation-adjusted dollars, the recent tax bill is the fourth-largest since 1940. And as a percentage of GDP, it ranks seventh.",
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"content": "justification: Seems from the question and answers pairs the package of tax cuts is not the biggest in the history of the US. There, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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Subsets and Splits