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S1476927119310941 | The antidepressant medications that are currently prescribed to patients suffering from major depressive disorder have limitations and as a result there is an urgent need to increase the options that are available . A number of studies have found that natural polyphenols have neuroprotective properties and there is evidence to suggest that they modulate neurotransmitter systems . There are more than 200 phenolic compounds that have been identified in | The phenolic compounds 222 from OliveNet. were screened for their ability to target proteins implicated in depression. Novel candidate phenolics for monoamine oxidase A MAO A were hydroxytyrosol 4 glucoside and salidroside. Hydroxytyrosol rhamnoside and a derivative of oleuropeindial were shown to bind with relatively high affinity to MAO B. Several relatively more well known phenolics were shown to bind to pharmacological targets beyond the MAO enzymes. The lead compounds could be purified or synthesised for further validation and experimentation. |
S1476927119311004 | Growth hormone binding proteins are soluble proteins that play an important role in the modulation of signaling pathways pertaining to growth hormones . GHBPs are selective and bind non covalently with growth hormones but their functions are still not fully understood . Identification and characterization of GHBPs are the preliminary steps for understanding their roles in various cellular processes . As wet lab based experimental methods involve high cost and labor computational methods can facilitate in narrowing down the search space of putative GHBPs . Performance of machine learning algorithms largely depends on the quality of features that it feeds on . Informative and non redundant features generally result in enhanced performance and for this purpose feature selection algorithms are commonly used . In the present work a novel representation transfer learning approach is presented for prediction of GHBPs . For their accurate prediction deep autoencoder based features were extracted and subsequently SMO PolyK classifier is trained . The prediction model is evaluated by both leave one out cross validation and hold out independent testing set . On LOOCV the prediction model achieved 89.8 accuracy with 89.4 sensitivity and 90.2 specificity and accuracy of 93.5 sensitivity of 90.2 and specificity of 96.8 is attained on the hold out testing set . Further a comparison was made between the full set of sequence based features top performing sequence features extracted using feature selection algorithm deep autoencoder based features and generalized low rank model based features on the prediction accuracy . Principal component analysis of the representative features along with t sne visualization demonstrated the effectiveness of deep features in prediction of GHBPs . The present method is robust and accurate and may complement other wet lab based methods for identification of novel GHBPs . | Application of representation transfer learning. Enhanced prediction accuracy for GHBPs. Compressed and informative representation of the input data. Comparison of different types of feature representation. |
S1476927119311041 | The statin drug Simvastatin is a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor that has been widely used to lower blood lipid . However the drug is clinically observed to reposition a significant suppressing potency on glioblastoma by unexpectedly targeting diverse kinase pathways involved in GBM tumorigensis . Here an inverse screening strategy is described to discover potential kinase targets of Simvastatin . Various human protein kinases implicated in GBM are enriched to define a druggable kinome the binding behavior of Simvastatin to the kinome is profiled systematically | An inverse screening protocol is described to discover unexpected kinase targets from glioblastoma druggable kinome. The binding behavior of Simvastatin to the kinome is profiled systematically. an integrative computational approach. Simvastatin shows low affinity to the well established GBM target of PI3K Akt mTOR pathway. EGFR T790M gatekeeper mutation can reduce Simvastatin sensitivity by changing the ligand binding mode. |
S1476927119311089 | As the mechanism of interaction between nicotinic receptors with nicotine analogs is not yet fully understood information at molecular level obtained from computational calculations is needed . In this sense this work is a computational study of eight nicotine analogs all with pyrrolidine ring modifications over a nicotine based backbone optimized with B3LYP D3 aug cc pVDZ . A molecular characterization was performed focusing on geometrical parameters such as pseudo rotation angles atomic charges HOMO and LUMO orbitals reactivity indexes and intermolecular interactions . Three analogs A2 pyridine A3 pyridine and A8 4 5 dihydroisoxazole were filtered suggesting putative neuroprotective activity taking into account different reactivity values such as their lowest hardness 2.37eV 2.43eV and 2.56eV compared to the highest hardness value found 2.71eV for A5 4 1 methylpyrrolidine 2 il pyridine similar to the value of nicotine . Additionally molecular docking of all 8 nicotine analogs with the | Geometrical and structural characterization of a new set of eight nicotine analogs is provided. Geometrical conformational analysis over nicotine analogs proved to be a mandatory method for new neuroprotective drug discovery. Two nicotine analogs A3 and A8 are proposed as potential PD neuroprotective agents. |
S1476927119311260 | Alzheimers disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that affects over 47 million people worldwide and is the most common form of dementia . There is a vast body of literature demonstrating that the disease is caused by an accumulation of toxic extracellular amyloid peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles that consist of hyperphosphorylated tau . Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce the incidence of AD and the phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil including oleocanthal have gained a significant amount of attention . A large number of these ligands have been described in the pre existing literature and 222 of these compounds have been characterised in the OliveNet database . In this study molecular docking was used to screen the 222 phenolic compounds from the OliveNet database and assess their ability to bind to various forms of the A and tau proteins . The phenolic ligands were found to be binding strongly to the hairpin turn of the A | The phenolics from the OliveNet Library were utilised in molecular modelling studies of Alzheimers disease. Molecular docking studies were performed against the major pathogenic proteins amyloid A and tau. Key binding sites were identified using molecular docking highlighting the hairpin turn of the A. and A. peptides. The flavonoid glucoside and secoiridoid subclasses were found to bind with highest affinity to the pathogenic proteins. Dynamic simulations depicted can be used to investigate anti aggregatory effects of compounds from the OliveNet Library. |
S1476927119311338 | Hereditary Transthyretin associated amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant protein folding disorder with adult onset caused by mutation of transthyretin . TTR is characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid leading to loss of autonomy and finally death . More than 100 distinct mutations in TTR | Hereditary Transthyretin associated amyloidosis ATTR caused by mutations in transthyretin TTR . More than 100 distinct mutations in TTR protein are reported. Pathogenic effect of TTR mutant remain unanswered in structural level. Mutational effect in TTR concerning stability functionality and aggregation propensity were predicted. A curated database TTRMDB is developed to provide free access of all the mutational data. |
S1476927119311375 | Genomic sequence data are not only massive but also increasing rapidly every day therefore it is essential to compress such data for sharing . Though there are some specific compressors they lack interoperability . In this study a SAMtools bgzip variant named 7bgzf has been developed incorporating several compression and deflation algorithms other than the widely used zlib algorithm . An extensive benchmarking study has been carried out with available data compression software . On both x64 and ARM machines igzip performed very rapidly . For high compression using libdeflate on the x64 platform achieved high compression with tolerable speed loss . Based on appropriate algorithm selection the proposed compression method performed better than the original bgzip method while maintaining interoperability with existing software . Therefore this software is useful for both distribution of genomic sequence archives and real time compression in mobile computing . | A suite of DEFLATE algorithms called 7bgzf was developed. Wide range of options to compress sequence data while preserving interoperability. Direct htslib integration viable by replacing bgzf compress via LD PRELOAD scheme. VCF conversion of bcftools into BCF varied in compression ratio and speed. |
S1476927119311521 | Tuberculosis continues to be a serious global health threat with the emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis and extremely drug resistant tuberculosis . There is an urgent need to discover new drugs to deal with the advent of drug resistant TB variants . This study aims to find new | CYP121 plays an essential role in targeting multidrug resistant MDR and extensively drug resistant XDR TB bacteria. Forty eight pharmacophore screening were possessed where sixteen constituents were found as new antituberculosis potential. Medicinal plants including. and. are great sources to have good antituberculosis activities. Kaempferol KAE and benzyl derivative KAE3 are identified as great CYP121 inhibitors. |
S1476927120300086 | Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 is an emerging target for the treatment of cancer . AG 221 is the first mIDH2 inhibitor approved by the FDA for acute myeloid leukemia treatment but its acquired resistance has recently been observed necessitating the development of new inhibitor . In this study a multi step virtual screening protocol was employed for the analysis of a large database of compounds to identify potential mIDH2 inhibitors . To this end we firstly utilized molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations to elucidate the key factors affecting ligand binding and drug resistance . Based on these findings the receptor ligand interaction based pharmacophore model and hierarchical docking based virtual screening were sequentially carried out to assess 212 736 compounds from the Specs database . The resulting hits were finally ranked by PAINS filter and ADME prediction and the top compounds were obtained . Among them six molecules were identified as mIDH2 putative inhibitors with high selectivity by interacting with the capping residue Asp312 . Furthermore subsequent docking and MD experiments demonstrated that compound | A multi step virtual screening protocol was performed to discover novel mutant IDH2 inhibitors. A receptor ligand interaction based pharmacophore IBP model was created to conduct the preliminary screening. The hits with high selectivity against wild type IDH2 were obtained according to the docking result. Induced fit docking and MD simulations was used to screen the inhibitors against AG 221 resistant mutants. |
S1476927120300244 | In this study the network pharmacological methods were used to predict the target of active components of Chaihu Lizhong Tang in the treatment of non alcoholic fatty liver disease . The active components of CHLZT their targets and NAFLD related targets were screened by multiple databases and the potential targets of CHLZT in the treatment of NAFLD were predicted . The active component target network of CHLZT was constructed by Cytoscape software . The potential target of CHLZT for the treatment of NAFLD constructed protein protein interaction network in the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database . The hub genes of CHLZT in the treatment of NAFLD were screened by network topological parameters and the results were verified by molecular docking . ClusterProfiler in R was used for Gene Ontology analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis . OB 30 and DL 0.18 were selected as the screening criteria of active components . A total of 83 active components and 456 targets were selected . Based on the evaluation of topological parameters of degree network five hub genes for interaction with CHLZT therapy for NAFLD were screened that is AKT1 ALB IL6 EGFR and CASP3 . The results of molecular docking showed that the active components in CHLZT had a good binding ability with the key targets . The enrichment analysis results showed that the treatment of NAFLD with CHLZT mainly involved in cofactor binding protease binding AGE RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and IL 17 signaling pathway which mediated the potential mechanism of CHLZT intervention in NAFLD . The molecular mechanism of CHLZT in the treatment of NAFLD indicated the synergistic features of multi component multi target and multi pathway of traditional Chinese medicine which provided an important scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of CHLZT in the treatment of NAFLD . | Network pharmacology was employed to clarify the mechanism of the efficacy of Chaihu Lizhong Tang CHLZT in the treatment of non alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD . Five hub genes were screened out for Chaihu Lizhong Tang CHLZT in the treatment of non alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD . CHLZT treated NAFLD mainly involved in cofactor binding protease binding AGE RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and IL 17 signaling pathway. |
S1476927120300505 | Tissue softening accompanies the ripening of many fruits and initiates the processes of irreversible deterioration . Expansins are plant cell wall proteins that have been proposed to disrupt hydrogen bonds within the cell wall polymer matrix . Several authors have shown that | Strawberry fruit showed a short postharvest life and a high softening rate. is used as a molecular marker of softening in strawberry fruit. Domain 1 showed a highly conserved barrel fold. Domain 2 showed a antiparallel sandwich fold. A better interaction with cellulose than with XGs was showed. |
S1476927120300682 | Acquired resistance is a major obstacle to the therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib in non small cell lung cancer . Current knowledge about the role of long non coding RNAs in this phenomenon is insufficient . In this study we searched RNA sequencing data for lncRNAs associated with acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC and constructed a functional lncRNA mRNA co expression network and protein protein interaction network to analyze their putative target genes and biological functions . The expression levels of 14 outstanding dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNA were verified using real time PCR . Changes in the expression levels of 39 lncRNAs and 121 mRNAs showed common patterns in our two pairs of gefitinib sensitive and gefitinib resistant NSCLC cell lines . The co expression network included 1235 connections among these common differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs . The significantly enriched signaling pathways based on dysregulated mRNAs were mainly involved in the Hippo signaling pathway proteoglycans in cancer and valine leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis . The results show that LncRNAs play an important part in acquired gefitinib resistance in NSCLC by regulating mRNA expression and function and may represent potential new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gefitinib resistant NSCLC . | Using RNA sequencing data to found lncRNAs and mRNA associated with acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC. 39 lncRNAs and 121 mRNAs showed a consistent direction of dysregulation in both gefitinib resistant NSCLC cell line pairs. LncRNA mRNA network shows that several dysregulated lncRNAs are associated with the Hippo signaling pathway. |
S147692712030092X | Dengue is a mosquito borne viral infection caused by Dengue virus and is an emerging concern in public health affecting billions of people worldwide annually with no effective drugs available till now . Immunogenic and highly conserved properties of Non Structural Protein 5 in DENV makes it a potent marker to identify DENV infection . DENV interfere in the innate immune signaling and thereby decreases antiviral responses and favors viral replication . Viral recognition by host pathogen recognition receptors facilitates binding of interferon to the interferon receptors that further activates both the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 2 a factor producing an antiviral response . The most debilitating factor of DENV infection is emaciation of human immune system by DENV NS5 . NS5 counters the antiviral response by STAT2 degradation impeding the transcriptional activation of interferon stimulated genes through interferon stimulated response elements . The present study aims to identify inhibitors for NS5 Methyl Transferase domain and to provide an insight into the mechanism of STAT2 degradation in the host infected with DENV . Virtual screening and molecular docking studies identified five potential inhibitors ZINC84154300 ZINC08762321 ZINC08762323 ZINC12659408 and ZINC12285470 with docking scores of 10.55 10.53 10.78 11.28 and 10.78kcal mol respectively . To further investigate the stability of the complexes we have used Molecular Dynamics Simulations . Besides the binding free energy of top 5 docked ligands were estimated through Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born and Surface Area Solvation methods . This study also provides an insight on the mechanism of immunological processes involved in alleviating the antiviral immune response and computational identification of potent inhibitors for viral NS5 protein . | Protein protein interaction of NS5 STAT2 complex playing major role in signaling mechanism for Dengue infection. The binding mode and potential interaction of NS5 STAT2 complex have been identified from the protein protein docking studies. The MTase domain of NS5 protein have been targeted to prevent the host recognition of STAT2 protein in viral replication. The Identified compounds showed high binding score and energy compared to the reported inhibitor. The interactions of screened compounds is similar to the inhibitor bound crystal structure. |
S1476927120300955 | Proteins are the most essential macromolecules needed for the normal flow of life . Essential proteins play a key role to control other proteins in an interaction network for the growth and understanding of the molecular mechanism of cellular life . Though there are many computational algorithms for essential drug discovery depending on nature of essential proteins but still lots of improvements and optimizations are required . In this work modified Monkey algorithm is proposed for the identification of essential proteins in protein protein interaction network . Nature of a monkey can be distinctly described in three processes like climb watch jump and somersault in different problem spaces . These processes of monkey traversal are plotted in PPIN with objective to find out essential proteins . Performance of MMA is assessed with other existing essential protein prediction methodologies including Eigenvector Centrality Betweenness Centrality Network Centrality and others also . The proposed methodology has achieved higher success rates in comparison to the existing | We propose MMA that is a combined approach of climb watch jump and somersault sub processes to predict essential proteins of a PPIN. ECV and ECC approaches are predicted for directed weighted and undirected network respectively in climb sub process. CDS is introduced to obtain highly connected and reliable proteins. Select centralities using classifiers in watch jump sub process. NC DC etc. are used to predict mostly connected set of proteins locally and EC predicts other essential proteins throughout the network. 3 sigma threshold based essential protein seeds are selected out of given PPIN throughout MMA. Unbiased centralities are nominated depending on classifier based benchmark approach in watch jump sub process. The proposed methodology has achieved higher success rates in comparison to the existing methods. |
S147692712030116X | Circular RNAs a large group of small endogenous noncoding RNA molecules have been proved to modulate protein coding genes in the human genome . In recent years many experimental studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are dysregulated in a number of diseases and they can serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis . However it is expensive and time consuming to identify circRNA disease associations by biological experiments and few computational models have been proposed for novel circRNA disease association prediction . In this study we develop a computational model based on the random walk and the logistic regression to predict circRNA disease associations . Firstly a circRNA circRNA similarity network is constructed by calculating their functional similarity of circRNA based on circRNA related gene ontology . Then a random walk with restart is implemented on the circRNA similarity network and the features of each pair of circRNA disease are extracted based on the results of the random walk and the circRNA disease association matrix . Finally a logistic regression model is used to predict novel circRNA disease associations . Leave one out validation five fold cross validation and ten fold cross validation are adopted to evaluate the prediction performance of RWLR by comparing with the latest two methods PWCDA and DWNN RLS . The experiment results show that our RWLR has higher AUC values of LOOCV 5CV and 10CV than the other two latest methods which demonstrates that RWLR has a better performance than other computational methods . Whats more case studies also illustrate the reliability and effectiveness of RWLR for circRNA disease association prediction . | Random walk with restart can get the global relationship information from circRNA circRNA similarity network. Gaussian Interaction Profile Kernel similarity is not suitable for circRNA circRNA similarity calculation. Integrating global information in Logistic Regression can improve the prediction performance. |
S1476927120301225 | A voltage gated potassium channel encoded by the human ether go go related gene regulates cardiac action potential and it is involved in cardiotoxicity with compounds that inhibit its activity . Therefore the screening of hERG channel blockers is a mandatory step in the drug discovery process . The screening of hERG blockers by using conventional methods is inefficient in terms of cost and efforts . This has led to the development of many | The first self attention based interpretable deep neural network model for predicting hERG blockers is proposed. The various datasets ranging from public databases to publicly available private datasets are collected to train and test the model. The proposed model not only shows better performance compared to other related studies but also provides potential hERG related substructures. |
S1476927120301237 | Cancer is in general not a result of an abnormality of a single gene but a consequence of changes in many genes it is therefore of great importance to understand the roles of different oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways in tumorigenesis . In recent years there have been many computational models developed to study the genetic alterations of different pathways in the evolutionary process of cancer . However most of the methods are knowledge based enrichment analyses and inflexible to analyze user defined pathways or gene sets . In this paper we develop a nonparametric and data driven approach to testing for the dynamic changes of pathways over the cancer progression . Our method is based on an expansion and refinement of the pathway being studied followed by a graph based multivariate test which is very easy to implement in practice . The new test is applied to the rich Cancer Genome Atlas data to study the genetic alterations of 186 KEGG pathways in the development of serous ovarian cancer . To make use of the comprehensive data we incorporate three data types in the analysis representing gene expression level copy number and DNA methylation level . Our analysis suggests a list of nine pathways that are closely associated with serous ovarian cancer progression including cell cycle ERBB JAK STAT signaling and p53 signaling pathways . By pairwise tests we found that most of the identified pathways contribute only to a particular transition step . For instance the cell cycle and ERBB pathways play key roles in the early stage transition while the ECM receptor and apoptosis pathways contribute to the progression from stage III to stage IV . The proposed computational pipeline is powerful in detecting important pathways and gene sets that drive cancers at certain stage . It offers new insights into the understanding of molecular mechanism of cancer initiation and progression . | We develop a new approach to testing pathway dynamics over cancer progression. The proposed method is based on a novel graph based multivariate test. We found several KEGG pathways that contribute to ovarian cancer progression. |
S1476927120301390 | Currently Alzheimer s disease is a devastating neurological disorder that mainly affects the elderly . The treatment of AD has as main objective to increase the levels of ACh in the synaptic cleft by inhibiting the cholinesterase enzymes which are responsible for the degradation of ACh . Twenty one synthesized coumarins and neoflavanones and theoretical studies were used to select the most promising ligands for | Synthesized coumarins and neoflavanones derivatives as potential inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase. The coumarin. presented a good inhibition of. AChE. The coumarin. showed good results for oral bioavailability and permeability according to the rule of five by Lipinski. MD simulations enhanced our understanding about of the interaction of AChE with coumarins and neoflavanones derivatives. |
S1476927120301407 | Solving the protein folding problem is one of the grand challenges still open in computational biophysics . Globular proteins are believed to evolve from initial configurations through folding pathways connecting several thermodynamically accessible states in a free energy landscape until reaching its minimum inhabited by the stable native structures . Despite its huge computational burden molecular dynamics is the leading approach in the PFP studies by preserving the Newtonian temporal evolution in the canonical ensemble . Non trivial improvements are provided by highly parallel implementations of MD in cost effective GPUs concomitant to multiscale descriptions of proteins by coarse grained minimalist models . In this vein we present the PathMolD AB framework a comprehensive software package for massively parallel MD simulations using the canonical ensemble structural analysis and visualization of the folding pathways using the minimalist AB model . It has also a tool to compare the results with proteins re scaled from the PDB . We simulate and analyze as case studies the folding of four proteins 13FIBO 2GB1 1PLC and 5ANZ with 13 55 99 and 223 amino acids respectively . The datasets generated from simulations correspond to the MD evolution of 3500 folding pathways encompassing | A parallel canonical ensemble MD using a CG model running in a master slave CPU GPU architecture. Analysis of the impact of different protein sizes in the performance of the proposed approach. A dataset of spatiotemporal pathways of protein folding suitable for the study of the PFP. A biological analysis was accomplished to predict structure of crystallized proteins. All the software developed are made freely available. |
S1476927120301420 | Exogenous microRNAs enter the human body through food and their effects on metabolic processes can be considerable . It is important to determine which miRNAs from plants affect the expression of human genes and the extent of their influence . The binding sites of 738 The characteristics of the binding of 46 single osa miRNAs to 86 mRNAs of human genes with a value of free energy interaction equal 94 100 from maximum G were established . The findings showed that osa miR2102 5p osa miR5075 3p osa miR2097 5p osa miR2919 targeted the largest number of genes at 38 36 23 19 sites respectively . mRNAs of 86 human genes were identified as targets for 93 osa miRNAs of all family osa miRNAs with G values equal 94 98 from maximum G. Each miRNA of the osa miR156 5p osa miR164 5p osa miR168 5p osa miR395 3p osa miR396 3p osa miR396 5p osa miR444 3p osa miR529 3p osa miR1846 3p osa miR2907 3p families had binding sites in mRNAs of several human target genes . The binding sites of osa miRNAs in mRNAs of the target genes for each family of osa miRNAs were conserved when compared to flanking nucleotide sequences . Target mRNA human genes of osa miRNAs are also candidate genes of cancer cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases . | A highly complementary interaction of single and family osa miRNAs with mRNAs of human genes was shown. The nucleotides of the binding sites of many osa miRNAs in mRNA of the target genes are conservative compared to the flanking nucleotides. Most osa miRNAs can affect target mRNA human genes involved in the development of some human diseases. |
S147692712030147X | P ATPase are a large protein family of integral membrane playing an important role in plant growth development and stress . P ATPase genes family have been identified and characterized in several model plants such as cotton grapes tobacco rice rubber plant and Arabidopsis . However still lack of comprehensive study of P ATPase genes in Chinese pear | Identified and characterized P ATPase genes in pear and divided into 4 subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis. We analyzed the gene structure chromosomal location and microsynteny analysis in pear. Transcriptome data showed that P ATPase gene might play an important role in lignin biosynthesis during fruit development. The real time qRT PCR analysis showed that all P ATPase genes were differentially expressed in different tissues. Expression profiles of P ATPase genes were detected under the exogenous hormonal treatment. |
S1476927120301481 | The scientific world tends to turn to natural products such as medicinal and aromatic plants because of the inadequacy of commercially available synthetic drugs as antibiotics or anticancer and their adverse effects on healthy tissues . One of these plants is | Plants are precious sources of bioactive compounds. Vicenin 2 and 3. p coumaroyl 5. caffeoylquinic acid were the main identified compounds in leaf and both root and stem extracts respectively. had promising antibacterial and anticancer activities. may have exhibited its anticancer effect against the HeLa cell line by increasing autophagic gene expression. The extracts of. exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory effects. |
S147692712030181X | Although molecular dynamics encompasses several applications studies focusing on biomolecular systems are central issues of this research area . Such simulations require the generation of trajectory files which provide a path for the analysis and interpretation of results with biological significance . However although several programs have been developed in Python language for the analyses of molecular dynamics trajectories they usually require some knowledge of programming languages in order to write or run the scripts using command lines which certainly hinders the access of MD simulations to many scientists with the necessary biological background to interpret their results . To ease the access to Python packages focusing on MD trajectory analyses we built a user friendly and easy to install graphical PyMOL interface . Geo Measures integrates the PyMOL functionalities with MDTraj a powerful library of trajectory analyses allowing the users to access up to 14 different types of analyses . Two sample cases are reported here to demonstrate the use of Geo Measures . In the first example which involves the use a MD trajectory file of hemoglobin from the MoDEL MD bank we exemplified the analyses of the following variables root mean square deviation radius of gyration free energy landscape and principal component analysis . In the second case we built a trajectory file for the ecto 5 nucleotidase using the LiGRO program to study the carbon alpha pincer angles to define the secondary structure of the proteins and to analyze the Modevectors . This user friendly graphical PyMOL plugin which can be used to generate several descriptive analyses for protein structures is open source and can be downloaded at | New PyMOL plugin for trajectory analysis of Molecular Dynamics simulations. User friendly Graphical Interface. 14 analysis tools. Specific analyzes for protein simulations. |
S1476927120301870 | The present work undertakes the structural and electronic properties of 3 thiophene acetic acid monomer and dimer . DFT calculations were performed using B3LYP functional in combination with the aug cc pVTZ basis set . The optimized structural parameters were found to be in a good agreement with experimental molecular geometry . The stability of the crystal packing was ensured by O | The optimized was computed using DFT method. DFT and TDDFT calculations have been incorporated for detailed analysis. The intermolecular interactions were analyzed by AIM NBO RDG and Hirshfeld surfaces. Inhibitor activity of 3 TAA with human MOA A and B is analyzed via molecular docking. |
S1476927120301997 | Canonical transient receptor potential 5 which belongs to the subfamily of transient receptor potential channels is a non selective cation channel mainly expressed in the central nervous system and shows more restricted expression in the periphery . TRPC5 plays a crucial role in human physiology and pathology for instance anxiety depression epilepsy pain memory and chronic kidney disease . However due to lack of the effective and selective inhibitors its physiological and pathological mechanism remains so far unknown . It is therefore pivotal to identify potential TRPC5 inhibitors . We have applied ligand based virtual screening and structure based virtual screening methods . The pharmacophore models of TRPC5 antagonists generated by using the HypoGen and HipHop algorithms were used as a query model for the screening of potential inhibitors against the Specs database . The resultant hits from LBVS were further screened by SBVS . SBVS was carried out based on the homology model generation of human TRPC5 binding site identification molecular dynamics optimization and molecular docking studies . In our systematic screening approaches we have identified 7 hits compounds with comparable dock score after Lipinski and Veber rules ADMET PAINS analysis cluster analysis and similarity analysis . In conclusion the current research provides novel backbones for the new generation of TRPC5 inhibitors . | Ligand based virtual screening LBVS and structure based virtual screening SBVS methods was used to identify potential TRPC5 inhibitors. LBVS was based on a combination of HipHop pharmacophore and HypoGen pharmacophore. SBVS was based on generating homology model and subsequent molecular docking studies. Seven compounds were selected using Lipinski s Rule of Five Veber rules ADME properties and PAINS filter. |
S1476927120302000 | We report ligand field molecular mechanics density functional theory and semi empirical studies on the binding of Cu to GlyHisLys peptide . Following exhaustive conformational searching using molecular mechanics we show that relative energy and geometry of conformations are in good agreement between GFN | Conformational searching of Cu complex with GHK reveal limited flexibility. DFT single point and optimisation data re order conformational ensemble. GFN2 XTB method reproduces DFT energy and geometry. Speed of GFN2 XTB allows molecular dynamics and metal binding site search. |
S1476927120302218 | In patients with depression the use of 5 HT reuptake inhibitors can improve the condition . Machine learning methods can be used in ligand based activity prediction processes . In order to predict SERT inhibitors the SERT inhibitor data from the ChEMBL database was screened and pre processed . Then 4 machine learning methods and 4 molecular fingerprints were used to build 16 prediction models . The top 5 models of accuracy in the cross validation of training set were used to build three different ensemble learning models . In the test1 set the VOT CLF3 model had the largest SP Q AUC and MCC . In the unbalanced test2 set VOT CLF3 had the largest SE SP Q and MCC . VOT CLF3 was recommended for the virtual screening process of SERT inhibitors . In addition 12 molecular structural alerts that frequently appear in SERT inhibitors were found | The use of 5 HT reuptake inhibitors can improve the condition of depression. SERT inhibitor data from ChEMBL and DrugBank databases are collected and screened. 16 inhibitor classification prediction models are established. 3 different ensemble learning models are established and VOT CLF3 performs best. We find 12 molecular structural alerts for inhibitors. |
S1476927120302395 | Structural optimization molecular docking analysis electronic and vibrational properties have been investigated for the 1 benzofuran 2 carboxylic acid and 1 benzofuran 3 carboxylic acid using DFT B3LYP 6 311 G level of theory . The theoretical parameters have a very good consistency with the experimental ones . The weak intermolecular interactions were analyzed by different tool such as Hirshfeld surfaces topological analysis and natural bond orbital studies . The nonlinear optical properties have been investigated . Molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals analysis have been carried out to understand the reactivity of the molecule . In addition TD DFT calculation is initiated to simulate the UVvis absorption spectrum and to determine several important electronic properties like HOMO LUMO gap energy and electronic transitions . The complete vibrational assignments and the force constants were reported for monomer and dimers of both acids . The biological activities of the tow acids have been studied via molecular docking analysis . The later calculations prove that the studied acids have an inhibitor effect against cancer and microbial diseases . | DFT calculation of 2BF and 3BF acids were carried out using B3LYP 6 311 G d p method. The non covalent interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Atom in molecule AIM and independent gradient model IGM were performed. NBO MEP and HOMO LUMO were analyzed. Molecular docking calculation reveals the anticancer and antimicrobial activities of our compounds. |
S1476927120302486 | Structure based molecular designs play a critical role in the context of next generation drug development . Besides their fundamental scientific aspects the findings established in this approach have significant implications in the expansions of target based therapies and vaccines . Interleukin 18 also known as interferon gamma inducing factor is a pro inflammatory cytokine . The IL 18 binds first to the IL 18 receptor and forms a lower affinity complex . Upon binding with IL 18 a hetero trimeric complex with higher affinity is formed that initiates the signal transduction process . The present study including structural and molecular dynamics simulations takes a close look at the structural stabilities of IL 18 and IL 18 receptor bound ligand structures as functions of time . The results help to identify the conformational changes of the ligand due to receptor binding as well as the structural orders of the apo and holo IL 18 protein complexes . | Interleukin 18 IL 18 is a pro inflammatory cytokine. Receptor IL 18 binding initiates cell signaling pathways. Conformational changes of the ligand protein upon receptor binding are described. |
S1476927120302772 | The genomic duplication study is fundamental to understand the process of evolution . In evolutionary molecular biology many approaches focus on discovering the occurrences of gene duplications and multiple gene duplication episodes and their locations in the Tree of Life . To reconstruct such episodes one can cluster single gene duplications inferred by reconciling a set of gene trees with a species tree . We propose an efficient quadratic time algorithm to solve the problem of genomic duplication clustering in which input gene trees are rooted episode locations are restricted to preserve the minimal number of single gene duplications clustering rules are described by minimum episodes method and the goal is based on the recently introduced new approach to minimize the maximal number of duplication episodes on a single path called here the Our evaluation analysis on three empirical datasets demonstrates that under the model in which the minimal number of duplications is preserved the duplication clusterings with minimal | Genomic duplication inference from a set of rooted gene trees and a species tree. Model of scenarios preserving the minimal number of single gene duplications. Polynomial time algorithm to compute Maximal Path MP score of duplication clusters. A correspondence between algorithms for computing. and minimum episodes ME score. MP optimal mappings support duplication episodes from ME optimal mappings. |
S1476927120303145 | Qiang Huo Sheng Shi decoction a classic traditional Chinese herbal formula which has been reported to be effective in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis . However the concurrent targeting mechanism of how the aforementioned formula is valid in the two distinct diseases OA and RA which represents the homotherapy for heteropathy principle in traditional Chinese medicine have not yet been clarified . In the present study network pharmacology was adopted to analyze the potential molecular mechanism and therapeutic effective components of QHSSD on both OA and RA . A total of 153 active ingredients in QHSSD were identified 142 of which associated with 59 potential targets for the two diseases were identified . By constructing the protein protein interaction network and the compound target disease network 72 compounds and 10 proteins were obtained as the hub targets of QHSSD against OA and RA . The hub genes of ESR1 PTGS2 PPARG IL1B TNF MMP2 IL6 CYP3A4 MAPK8 and ALB were mainly involved in osteoclast differentiation the NF | A new method was established through network pharmacology which combined two disease with one formula to explain the theory of homotherapy for heteropathy in TCM. The network was verified by molecular docking and the active components and significant targets of QHSSD were screened. This study revealed that the treatment of OA and RA with QHSSD may be related to osteoclast differentiation NF B and TNF signaling pathway. |
S1476927120303170 | Genetic variations are important drivers of carcinogenesis . It is extremely important to identify molecular distinctions between patients of the same disease for effective cancer treatment . This study aims to understand cellular and molecular differences between hepatocellular carcinoma patients carrying TP53 or CTNNB1 mutations which could possess clinical significance . For this purpose DNA sequencing and mRNA expression data for hepatocellular carcinoma patients were analyzed . Differentially expressed genes and the cellular processes that they are involved in were determined for TP53 CTNNB1 altered patient groups . We found that the mutations of TP53 CTNNB1 genes in the patient cohort was almost mutually exclusive and gene expression profiling in these subgroups were unique . Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified several important cellular processes . In line with this selected histone variants histone chaperons as well as the binding partners of TP53 CTNNB1 showed distinct enrichment levels . TP53 CTNNB1 altered patient groups laso showed different prognostic outcomes and tumor infiltration levels . In conclusion our results strongly imply differential chromatin states and transcriptional regulation in relation to the mutational status of TP53 vs. CTNNB1 suggesting that these genes might be inducing different cellular pathways involving distinct chromatin environments during the course of carcinogenesis . | TP53 and CTNNB1 are the top two most frequently mutated genes in HCC patients and are well known drivers of tumorigenesis. TP53 CTNNB1 mutations occur almost mutually exclusively. Mutational status of TP53 CTNNB1 dictates significantly different gene expression signatures and chromatin states. As well as different prognostic outcomes and tumor infiltration levels. |
S1476927120303674 | Hypoxia inducible factor 1 is the oxygen sensitive subunit of HIF1 transcription factor . Its variations is associated with several diseases including different type of cancer cardiovascular diseases and liver and kidney failure . Despite all the investigations carried out on the single nucleotide polymorphisms of | gene sequence changes can influence its expression and probably be associated with different kinds of diseases such as many types of cancers. There are many uncharacterized nonsynonymous SNPs in. gene that may have a potentially damaging effect on the protein function. Computational analysis and in silico tools are considered as a beneficial alternative to screen deleterious SNPs from enormous neutral ones. |
S1476927120304035 | Influenza is a type of acute disease characterized by strong contagiousness and short incubation period which have posed a large potential threat to public health . Traditional Chinese Medicine advocates to the aim of combating complex diseases from a holistic view which has shown effectiveness in anti influenza . However the mechanism of TCM prescription remains puzzling . Here we applied a system pharmacology approach to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of Qingjie Fanggan prescription in the prevention and treatment of influenza . In this study we identified 228 potential active compounds by means of absorption distribution metabolism and excretion evaluation system and literature research . Then the targets of the potential active compounds were predicted by using the WES method and the influenza related targets were obtained according to some existing gene databases . Next an herb component target network was constructed to further dissect the multi directional therapeutic approach for QFP . Meanwhile we also performed gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation analysis on 344 potential targets . Finally a target pathway network was constructed to further dissect the core pathways and targets in treatment of influenza for QFP . And the key components and targets were docked by AutoDock Vina to explore their binding mode . All of these demonstrated that QFP had multi scale curative activity in regulating influenza related biological processes which facilitates the application of traditional medicine in modern medicine . | Systems pharmacology could solve complex pharmacological problems. Qingjie Fanggan prescription fight influenza by multi component target pathway mode. The components of Qingjie Fanggan prescription have good docking activity with ERKs. |
S1476927120304059 | The present study describes the antibacterial activity of several new derivatives of tacrine or cyclopentaquinoline bound to either 6 hydrazinenicotinic acid or 4 fluorobenzoic acid through an aliphatic chain against methicillin resistant staphylococcal strains . All derivatives showed antibacterial activity against all tested methicillin resistant staphylococci . Of these compounds 6 18 23 and 24 exhibited the highest activity ranging from 4.87 to 19.5g mL MBC depending on the bacterial strain . These values were not much greater than that for vancomycin the reference standard for the treatment of methicillin resistant | Antibacterial activity of several new derivatives of tacrine. Tested methicillin resistant staphylococci. Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis. Relationships between biological activity and the structural parameters. Select descriptors as independent variables for multiple linear regression models. |
S1476927120304096 | Mycotic keratitis is a fungal infection of corneal epithelium . It is more common in tropical and subtropical countries and is one of the leading causes of blindness . Many of the antifungal drugs have been less effective in treating this condition and certain drugs which are efficient and yet limited in use due to its extreme side effects . Hence in this study an attempt is made to identify potential and least toxic antifungal inhibitors that targets thiamine thiazole synthase a novel target for suppressing | Mycotic keratitis is a vision threatening disease that are resistant to most of the available antifungal drugs. Ophthalmic adaptive inhibitors are yet to be probed for mycotic keratitis caused by. Thiamine thiazole synthase THI4 is the most potential host non specific target of. 2 1 hydroxyethyl 1 3 thiazole 4 carboxamide an antifungal cum ophthalmic adaptive compound showed interaction with the substrate binding residues. |
S1476927120304205 | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes an illness known as COVID 19 which has been declared a global pandemic with over 2 million confirmed cases and 137 000 deaths in 185 countries and regions at the time of writing over a quarter of these cases being in the United States . In the absence of a vaccine or an approved effective therapeutic there is an intense interest in repositioning available drugs or designing small molecule antivirals . In this context | The SARS CoV 2 main protease M. is an important target against COVID 19. Peptidomimetic ketoamides represent prototypical inhibitors of the SARS CoV 2 M. We confirmed the high affinity of the ketoamide 13b inhibitor to SARS CoV 2 M. MD simulations highlight ketoamide 13b stability in M. compared to amoxicillin. The ketoamide compound class could be pursued as potential antivirals against COVID 19 |
S1476927120304369 | In this research we have implemented two dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship modeling using two different datasets namely acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors . A third dataset has been derived based on their selectivity and used for the development of partial least squares based regression models . The developed models were extensively validated using various internal and external validation parameters . The features appearing in the model against AChE enzyme suggest that a small ring size higher number of CH2 groups higher number of secondary aromatic amines and higher number of aromatic ketone groups may contribute to the inhibitory activity . The features obtained from the model against BuChE enzyme suggest that the sum of topological distances between two nitrogen atoms higher number of fragments X C X higher number of secondary aromatic amides fragment R CR X may be more favorable for inhibition . The features obtained from selectivity based model suggest that the number of aromatic ethers unsaturation content relative to the molecular size and molecular shape may be more specific for the inhibition of the AChE enzyme in comparison to the BuChE enzyme . Moreover we have implemented the molecular docking studies using the most and least active molecules from the datasets in order to identify the binding pattern between ligand and target enzyme . The obtained information is then correlated with the essential structural features associated with the 2D QSAR models . | QSAR models for the dual inhibition of AChE and BuChE enzymes are developed. The models reveal important structural features for the dual inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes. Ring size CH2 groups secondary aromatic amines and aromatic ketones contribute to the AChE inhibition. Distances between nitrogens X C X X and R CR X secondary aromatic amides contribute to BuChE inhibition. The results should be of great help to design and synthesize new anti Alzheimers agents. |
S1476927120304485 | Alkaptonuria is an ultra rare disease caused by mutations in homogentisate 1 2 dioxygenase enzyme characterized by the loss of enzymatic activity and the accumulation of its substrate homogentisic acid in different tissues leading to ochronosis and organ degeneration . Although the pathological effects of HGD mutations are largely studied less is known about the structure of the enzyme in particular the pathways for dioxygen diffusion to the active site required for the enzymatic reaction are still uninvestigated . In the present project the combination of two | By use of Implicit Ligand Sampling approach routes for dioxygen to the active site of homogentisate 1 2 dioxygenase were delineated. Along the dioxygen route the E401Q variant responsible for the rare disease Alkaptonuria disrupts the gas diffusion path. The diffusion of dioxygen is mediated by a transient pocket suggesting transient geometry has to be taken into account for small molecules diffusion trough protein moiety. |
S1476927120304552 | Development in two dimensional drug delivery materials have quickly translated into biological and pharmacological fields . In this present work pristine graphene and hexagonal boron nitride sheets are explored as a drug carrier for cytarabine and clofarabine anti cancer drugs using density functional theory . The obtained geometrical energetic and electronic properties revealed that the PG sheet is more reactive and it adsorbs CYT and CLF anti cancer drugs better than the h BN sheet . The adsorption energies of CYT and CLF on PG sheet is 24.293 and 23.308kcal mol respectively this is due to the delocalized electrons present in the PG sheet . The flow of electron direction between anti cancer drugs and 2D sheet are calculated by N E | The PG and h BN sheets are used as a drug carriers. The PG sheet has more interaction energy with CYT and CLF drug than h BN sheet. Adsorption energies of CYT and CLF on PG are 24.29kcal mol 23.31kcal mol. Results shows PG sheet has therapeutic potential as a drug delivery vehicle. |
S1476927120304564 | Anatomical subsites always harbor specific biological features in carcinogenesis . The divergent prognosis of proximal gastric cancer and distal gastric cancer has been reported . The current study aimed to comprehensively interpret anatomic subsite specic genomic profiles which may improve the effectiveness of personalized management . Survival and genomic data from the online Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases were queried for prognostic and genetic analysis respectively . Propensity score matching analysis was performed to balance patient epidemiological factors . Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the DESeq algorithm . Functional enrichment was performed by the clusterProfiler package . The protein protein interaction network of DEGs was predicted by the online STRING database . A total of 3 955 patient pairs were assembled by PSM in SEER data with even background characteristics . Prognostic analysis indicated worse overall survival of PGC than DGC . Genetic analysis of TCGA database identified 280 DEGs 90 of which were upregulated in the DGC group and the remaining 190 were upregulated in the PGC group . Functional enrichment analysis indicated that kallikrein serine protease activity ion channel Na The current study first demonstrated that PGC exerts poorer survival outcome than DGC based on the SEER database . Further bioinformatic investigation depicts the specific genetic features for PGC and DGC which may generate differences in tumor malignancy . Our findings provide promising genetic targets for future specific and individualized gastric cancer therapy . | PGC exerts poorer survival outcome than DGC based on the SEER database. Specific genetic features for PGC and DGC was depicted. Serine protease and ion channel activity conttribute to PGC poor prognosis. Alcohol retinol and lipoprotein metabolism are the features for DGC malignancy. |
S1476927120304692 | Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not generate sufficient insulin or the body can not effectively utilize the produced insulin . If it remains unidentified and untreated then it could be very deadliest . One can lead a healthy life with proper treatment if the presence of diabetes can be detected at an early stage . When the conventional process of detecting diabetes is tedious there is a need of an automated system for identifying diabetes from the clinical and physical data . In this study we developed a novel diabetes classifying model based on Convolutional Long Short term Memory that was not applied yet in this regard . We applied another three popular models such as Convolutional Neural Network Traditional LSTM and CNN LSTM and compared the performance with our developed model over the Pima Indians Diabetes Database . Significant features were extracted from the dataset using Boruta algorithm that returned glucose BMI insulin blood pressure and age as important features for classifying diabetes patients more accurately . We performed hyperparameter optimization using Grid Search algorithm in order to find the optimal parameters for the applied models . Initial experiment by splitting the dataset into separate training and testing sets the Conv LSTM based model classified the diabetes patients with the highest accuracy of 91.38 . In later using cross validation technique the Conv LSTM model achieved the highest accuracy of 97.26 and outperformed the other three models along with the state of the art models . | Automation of diabetes detection using Convolutional LSTM. Diabetes can be detected accurately from clinical data. Convolutional LSTM based robust model achieved 97.26 classification accuracy. Feature selection affects performance of the developed model. |
S1476927120304813 | The global emergency caused by COVID 19 makes the discovery of drugs capable of inhibiting SARS CoV 2 a priority to reduce the mortality and morbidity of this disease . Repurposing approved drugs can provide therapeutic alternatives that promise rapid and ample coverage because they have a documented safety record as well as infrastructure for large scale production . The main protease of SARS CoV 2 is an excellent therapeutic target because it is critical for viral replication however Mpro has a highly flexible active site that must be considered when performing computer assisted drug discovery . In this work potential inhibitors of the main protease of SARS Cov 2 were identified through a docking assisted virtual screening procedure . A total of 4384 drugs all approved for human use were screened against three conformers of Mpro . The ligands were further studied through molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis . A total of nine currently approved molecules are proposed as potential inhibitors of SARS CoV 2 . These molecules can be further tested to speed the development of therapeutics against COVID 19 . | The main protease of SARS CoV 2 has a highly flexible active site. Drug repurposing is a treatment opportunity in the current COVID 19 pandemic. Nine drugs merit testing as inhibitors of the SARS CoV 2 main protease. |
S1478409218301031 | This study assesses the extent to which a firm s external environment shapes the cross functional interactions between procurement and engineering utilizing an embedded multiple case study methodology . In summary we found that high environmental ambiguity discourages procurement engineering mutual understanding . High environmental uncertainty with moderate ambiguity on the other hand appears to foster both mutual understanding and inter functional collaboration . Overall procurement personnel are more optimistic than engineering personnel regarding the performance results stemming from cross functional integration . Additionally increasing job tenure for procurement personnel leads to a higher level of perceived integration with engineering while engineers with longer job tenure report see less value in collaborating with procurement often creating an asymmetric power distribution with engineering taking a dominating role . | High ambiguity discourages procurement engineering mutual understanding. High uncertainty moderate ambiguity fosters mutual understanding and collaboration. Purchasers report higher performance benefits from collaboration than engineers. Longer tenured purchasers perceive higher value collaborating with engineering. Longer tenured engineers perceived lower value collaborating with procurement. |
S1478409218301468 | Purchasing and Supply Management has been subjected to a number of examinations all concluding that PSM is not an academic discipline as it lacks its own theories and common themes of research . It is perceived by many as an applied social science and field of research applying theories from other disciplines . But to date these examinations have not revealed more definitively what PSM is i.e . its identity . This Notes and Debates paper was stimulated by two focused meetings a question panel at IPSERA 2019 and solicited views from IPSERA participants . These were synthesized and developed through grounding them in identity and social identity theories . They are provided to stimulate the debate on PSM s internal and external identity coherence and legitimacy . | PSM has emerged as an important contributor to organizational success in conjunction with operations marketing and logistics. Due to its multidisciplinary nature and frequent change in reporting relationships PSM has not established a clear identity. PSM has not been a net contributor to development of theory. PSM theory development would support PSM as discipline but not all are convinced that it is should be a mono discipline. |
S1478409218301808 | In sustainable supply chain management buyers may use intermediaries to bridge exchanges with suppliers when knowledge of suitable sustainability practices is weak and in need of facilitation . Understanding how supply chain intermediaries perform this role and what happens when intermediation is no longer needed is important in establishing more sustainable supply chains . Two supply chain intermediaries have been investigated with the resulting case study evidence analysed using the Gioia methodology . The findings suggest supply chain intermediaries add value to the buyer supplier exchange by facilitating sustainability related information transfer knowledge development risk management and improved capabilities . For example specific practices such as corrective action reports often managed by the intermediary underpin the development of a sustainable supply chain . When the intermediary is no longer needed they become disintermediated from the specific buyer supplier exchange but may be re employed in a new triadic relationship in the future with previous parties . This provides positive spill over effects through intermediationdisintermediationpost intermediation cycles for both the buyer and supplier populations and for broader society . Overall the findings highlight the value of the transient position of supply chain intermediaries in establishing sustainable supply chains and the intended consequences of their involvement . | Investigates the role of supply chain intermediary organisations in sustainable supply chains. Provides insights into the transient nature of the supply chain intermediary position. Case evidence of supply chain intermediaries. How intermediaries help to establish a sustainable supply chain. |
S1478409218301857 | The competitive advantage purchasing provides has been debated for decades . For a novel perspective we derive a theoretical framework grounded in the knowledge based view in order to examine how purchasing knowledge and purchasing integration impact cost and strategic performance . The derived hypotheses are tested based on extensive secondary data from a large European multinational utility company . The 179 studied purchasing internal client relationships contain real contracted savings data and internal client ratings of purchasing knowledge purchasing integration and strategic purchasing performance . We show that purchasing knowledge is a major antecedent for both savings and strategic purchasing performance . This effect is further amplified by purchasing integration . With this study we extend the understanding of the purchasing knowledgeperformance link . We conclude that purchasing knowledge becomes particularly valuable when combined with other functions processes through purchasing integration . This causal chain is also supported through general knowledge based view theory . Moreover we provide numerical evidence of the value of knowledge creation and integration processes to purchasing professionals in our managerial implications based on results obtained from actual purchasing savings data . | Purchasing knowledge as major antecedent of purchasing performance. Support of knowledge based advantages that are amplified by purchasing integration. Strategic purchasing performance leads to positive savings performance. Extensive data base of real contracted savings. Evaluation of purchasing according to the internal client. |
S147840921830219X | Supply chain flexibility has become an important competitive weapon for companies in the current dynamic environment . This paper explores the influence of ambidexterity on supply chain flexibility and theorizes the moderating effect of information technology competence on that relationship . Whereas prior research focuses on the positive results of SCF for business performance little empirical research has studied its facilitators leaving the gap this study seeks to fill . We draw on resource orchestration theory to develop our research model . According to this theory a firm can exploit the full potential of its resources and capabilities only when these are deployed in a complementary manner . This study proposes that ambidexterity impacts SCF positively and that its effect is amplified when the firm possesses IT competence . In order to test our hypotheses we have employed a hierarchical regression methodology and put into service data collected from manufacturing enterprises . The study confirms that ambidexterity as the ability to explore and exploit SC resources enables their orchestration making SC resources flexible and a high IT competence facilitates that orchestration . | Supply chain ambidexterity positively affects supply chain flexibility. The relationship between ambidexterity and supply chain flexibility is amplified when information technology competence is high. ROT is adequate for understanding the complementariety of ambidexterity and IT competence on developing SCF. The study proves that ambidexterity enables the orchestration of SC resources and IT competence facilitates that orchestration. |
S1478409218302383 | Integrating lean green and resilient strategies into Supply Chain decisions is a key success factor for transformation toward sustainability . These strategies are increasingly common in the SC although their implementation and results are not the same across different SC levels . In spite of this earlier studies have not explored in detail their effects on environmental economic and social sustainability dimensions nor differentiated between SC levels and therefore implementation strategies overlook the difference between these levels . Accordingly a novel multilevel analysis of the aerospace manufacturing SC based on Interpretive Structural Modeling is carried out . This approach allows exploring the effects of combining lean green and resilient strategies on specific sustainability performance measures in the aerospace manufacturing SC . The findings reveal differences between SC levels on the effects of lean green and resilient strategies on the different sustainability dimensions . Additionally Tiers 2 and 3 show a higher resistance or lower implication in the development of lean green and resilient strategies than the focal company and Tier 1 companies . Final ISM models become a useful tool for managers to specifically establish coordinated long term SC sustainability programs for each SC level . | A novel multilevel analysis of the aerospace manufacturing supply chain is developed. The ISM method has been adapted for multilevel supply chain analysis. Green practices only cause high impact on the environmental dimension in tier 2 and 3. Lean and resilience cause a lower impact on the economic dimension in tier 2 and 3. The social dimension is not highly improved by lean practices in tier 2 and 3. |
S1478409218302401 | Opportunistic behavior is a well known reason for the failure of collaborative buyer supplier relationships . Despite the numerous studies on opportunism in buyer supplier relationships the individual level is largely understudied . We explore opportunistic behavior of purchasing professionals in strategic supplier relationships focusing on triggers manifestations and consequences . The Critical Incident Technique was employed to interview professional purchasers in the Netherlands about their personal opportunistic behavior . This resulted in rich descriptions of 29 critical incidents of opportunistic buyer behavior extracting first hand information . We identified triggers that provoked purchasing professionals to behave opportunistically . These triggers are linked to specific manifestations and consequences . | We investigated buyer opportunism in strategic supplier relationships at the individual level. The study is the first to use the Critical Incident Technique for exploring opportunistic buyer behavior. We identified specific configurations of triggers manifestations and consequences of buyer opportunism. Buyer opportunism is most often a conscious choice based on balanced assessments of risks and consequences. |
S1478409218302929 | The principal aim of this study is to provide theory and testing to elucidate the role of decision maker s decision process and speed during the global sourcing decision making process . In order to achieve this goal we examine the behavior of a sample of 202 decision makers belonging to Italian SMEs in the manufacturing sector . Our main finding suggests that faster decisions during the GSDP process lead to superior financial and non financial performance of the selected supplier . Moreover we find support for dual processing theory wherein rationality and intuition of the GSDP are associated with increased supplier performance both directly and through their effects on decision speed . Results are discussed in terms of the GSDP SME and strategic decision making literatures and practical implications for managers in SMEs . | This study examines the role of decision maker s decision process and speed during the global sourcing decision making process GSDP . We describe evidences from a quantitative study that was conducted using 202 decision makers belonging to Italian SMEs. We identify a link between speed and performance of the selected supplier. Rationality and intuition of the GSDP are associated with increased supplier performance both directly and indirectly. |
S1478409218303224 | Purchasing and Supply Management decisions such as make or buy or vendor selections are highly dependent on the cooperation of several functions in decision making teams in order to make more holistic and effective decisions . However members of cross functional PSM teams often also pursue diverse goals rooted in functional incentive structures that may lead to misalignment and competition . One of the resulting problems are so called organizational politics being self serving influence attempts among functional representatives . Examples can be nondisclosure of information coalitions or lobbying to protect unidimensional functional interests that potentially obstruct effective PSM decision making . So far PSM scholars have made exploratory and inductive inquiries in team politics while the larger body of research on politics exists outside the PSM scope . Thus as PSM scholarship transcends toward deductive theory testing designs on team politics the fields is at risk taking isolated perspectives and failing to deduce from the extant disaggregated general management literature on politics . In response to this emerging trend we review 91 contributions to the organizational literature on politics at the individual team or group and dyadic level to build a future research framework on politics in real world cross functional PSM decision making teams . To do so we distinguish thematic areas of interest and derive future avenues for research in light of ongoing PSM debates on human resource management in PSM leadership in PSM teams and top management support of PSM . Furthermore we derive epistemological instrumental and theoretical guidance on how to approach politics in cross functional PSM teams . | Politics are a major challenge to cross functional teams. Emerging PSM team politics studies are at risk taking isolated perspectives. Cross disciplinary systematic literature review of 91 politics contributions. Elaboration of results in light of several established scholarly PSM debates. Derivation of epistemological instrumental and theoretical guidance for PSM studies. |
S1478409218303340 | The Internet of Things is transforming how industries operate . It impacts on firms supply networks business processes and business models . This article describes how the IoT influences the Purchasing and Supply Management function . Our findings based on interviews and workshop with more than 200 senior European purchasing managers from large corporations suggest that PSM has opportunities to support the development of IoT solutions within firms which are required to work with dynamic and complex markets . At the same time the IoT supports the development of a more capable and efficient PSM organisation . As part of this early stage theory building effort we outline scenarios for the future of the PSM function . This leads us to reflect on how PSM leaders manage IoT related tensions by means of differentiation and integration tactics . | PSM has opportunities to support the development of their firm s IoT solutions. The IoT supports the development of a more capable and efficient PSM organisation. The development of the IoT reveals tensions at the forefront of PSM activities. Managing tensions is a valuable research avenue for future PSM research. Differentiation and integration tactics help manage IoT related tensions within PSM. |
S1478409218303911 | Although green supplier integration has received widespread attention how it impacts various types of firm performance remains unclear . Based on social capital theory this study explores the influence of green supplier integration on three dimensions of social capital accumulation which further affect economic and environmental performances . To verify the hypotheses we collect two wave survey data from 206 Chinese manufacturers . Results show that green supplier integration significantly affects social capital accumulation . Relational and structural capital accumulations have positive effects on both economic and environmental performances while cognitive capital accumulation only has a positive impact on environmental performance . Additionally relational and structural capital accumulations partially mediate the effects of green supplier integration on economic and environmental performances whereas cognitive capital accumulation only partially mediates the impact of green supplier integration on environmental performance . This research deepens the understanding of how green supplier integration influences firm performance via social capital accumulation and provides a theoretical basis for firms attempting to enhance their performance . | Green supplier integration significantly affects social capital accumulation. Relational capital accumulation mediates the impact of green supplier integration on economic and environmental performance. Structural capital accumulation mediates the impact of green supplier integration on economic and environmental performance. Cognitive capital accumulation mediates the impact of green supplier integration on environmental performance. |
S1478409219300032 | This study builds on liabilities of newness theory and moral disengagement theory to investigate deceptive behavior in buyersupplier negotiations that involve new ventures . Using two purchasing negotiation experiments it contrasts how negotiators treat employees of new ventures mature firms and firms of unknown age . The first experiment examined the behavior of participants in their role as salespeople toward buyers whereas the second one examined the behavior of participants in their role as buyers toward salespeople . Across experiments participants shared the belief that their negotiation counterparts were less experienced when these counterparts worked for new ventures than when they worked for mature firms . Moreover both groups were more likely to deceive negotiation counterparts working at new ventures although this effect was stronger in magnitude in the first experiment . These findings contribute to the field of behavioral supply management by identifying a new situational variable that promotes deception in purchasing negotiations . Moreover they provide implications for buyers and suppliers on how to leverage preconceptions associated with their firm s age to gain advantages in buyersupplier negotiations . Finally we add to liabilities of newness theory by identifying an additional liability that affects new ventures namely the increased risk of being deceived . | Combines advances research on supply management entrepreneurship and psychology. A scenario based approach mimics an online buyersupplier negotiation. Findings show suppliers to assume buyers in new ventures as relatively inexperienced. In B2B negotiations new ventures are more likely to be deceived than mature firms. |
S1478409219300433 | This study focuses on the design and implementation of a performance measurement system for industrial collaboration . This article provides insights from two case studies of industrial collaboration . The research aims to study the crucial characteristics of PMS design and implementation in industrial collaboration in which multiple tiers extending beyond the buyer supplier dyad are considered . Prerequisites and challenges are crucial characteristics that should be examined in the design and implementation of a PMS . The results indicate three main characteristics affect the design and implementation of a PMS in an industrial collaboration 1 the importance of collaboration 2 the importance of coordination and integrated information systems within the system implementation and 3 the importance of acknowledging the impact of varied customer needs . | Focus is on the design and implementation of a PMS for industrial collaboration. Collaboration with multiple tiers beyond the buyer supplier dyad is considered. PMS design and implementation need a relationship beyond the buyer supplier dyad. PMS requires a rigorous coordination of processes and integrations of ICT systems. A collaborative PMS requires acknowledging the impact of various customer needs. |
S1478409219301530 | Each year public procurement officials in the United States spend trillions of dollars to purchase goods and services for public use . The volume of public procurement spending compels public administration and supply chain management scholars to examine these procurement practices . Based on a unique dataset composed of a series of qualitative and quantitative interviews with chief procurement officers and their team members from 45 states and 2 territories in the United States this paper explores the key institutional factors affecting state level public procurement in the U.S. explores variation in the definition of contract performance and assess the importance of multiple factors in creating procurement contracts . We present an agenda for future research on state level public procurement in the U.S that has important implications for the theory and practice of public procurement . | Explores institutional factors affecting state level public procurement in the U.S. Identifies important contract performance metrics for public procurement. Proposes research agenda for studying state level public procurement. |
S1478409219303309 | The purpose of this research is to define the actor roles and collaborative practices that are central to service specification co development in relation to the pre tender phase of public procurement . We propose a new model of meaningful stakeholder involvement in the context of public service specification as a triadic setting . In addition to the theoretical value the proposed model guides public procurement units on how to define their roles as intermediaries and to design a service specification process involving internal customers and providers of a service . The approach adopted highlights the meaningfulness of involvement by referring to the types of cooperative roles and practices that are both suitable for the situation and well understood and implemented by the cooperative parties . Service specification co development is defined as a triadic setting involving buyers service providers and internal customers . This study consists of two longitudinal empirical public procurement cases viewed with the aid of a theoretical framework drawn from the general involvement and public sector specific involvement literature . Managerial implications relate to involving stakeholders early in the process focusing on value creating activities and sharing relevant information throughout the pre tender phase . | A triadic model of meaningful stakeholder involvement to specify public services. Triadic setting involves buyers service providers and internal customers. Co development of the pre tender phase of public procurement. Cooperative roles and practices that are suitable for complex service procurement. Focus on value creating activities and sharing relevant information. |
S1478409220300649 | The understanding of the behavioral and cognitive factors that affect organizations performance has attracted increasing attention of scholars and practitioners . Based on the literature of psychological empowerment at the individual and the team levels this study develops the concept of supplier empowerment in the context of purchasing and supply management . Further this study proposes a research model that explores the role of supplier empowerment as a cognitive concept in mediating the relationship between situational factors and the supplier s perceived performance in its operations and customer service . This model is tested with 208 responses from automotive industry suppliers . The findings highlight the importance of empowered suppliers in decreasing inventory levels and increasing order fulfillment performance . | An empirical study based upon empowerment theory at both the individual and the team levels and extends the empowerment concept to the purchasing and supply management context. From supplier s perspective the research model investigates the role of supplier empowerment as a cognitive concept in mediating the relationship between situational factors a supplier s process modularity and the mutual trust with its customers buyers and the supplier s perceived performance. The findings highlight the importance of empowered suppliers in decreasing perceived inventory levels and increasing perceived order fulfillment performance. |
S1478409220300650 | This paper facilitates an in depth view of the transformation needed for the transition from traditional to sustainable supply chain management by delineating its elemental aspects . Taking an organizational unit of analysis perspective this conceptual review seeks to characterize the fundamental nature of complexities inherent in the transformation and thereby seeks to explicate the elemental nature of organizational efforts responsible for shaping sustainable supply chains . The findings outline intriguing mechanisms for explaining the complex and endless nature of the transformation for organizations . This discourse also involves the proposition of two novel concepts applied in this context the SSCM Force field and Differential Efforts in SSCM . While the former represents the intricate interplay between organizational efforts and organizational complexities in absorbing SSCM practices in the supply chain routines of an organization the latter reflects the value of additional efforts above and beyond what is required in existing supply chain routines to facilitate the integration of a desired SSCM practice into routines . The findings show how the force field impedes an organization s progress in SSCM and how differential effort allows an organization to overcome the force field to extend theoretical frameworks and offering valuable guidance for practicing managers . Overall the research strengthens the conceptual foundation of SSCM theory by explicating the under explored aspects involved in an organization s progressive journey toward SSCM . Further it is a first attempt to outline the organizational implications of the SSCM journey . | A conceptual review of the transformation from traditional to sustainable SCM. Consideration of operational complexities inherent in sustainable SCM. Emphasis on organizational efforts and mechanisms for the transformation. Propositions pertaining to the SSCM Force field and Differential Efforts in sustainable SCM. |
S1478409220300753 | High efficiency is one of the important goals of public procurement however research on PP efficiency is still not sufficient especially in the context of developing countries . With a focus on the purchasing phase this study measures three aspects of procurement efficiency of public authorities price time and intellectual efficiency . The relevant factors of these three aspects are explored and examined . 838 PP contracts in Chengdu city China were collected in the first half of 2018 using a web crawler programme . Regression method is used to analyse the data . This study finds that the price efficiency of PP is negatively associated with the implementation of green public procurement but is positively associated with the evaluation method and the number of bidders . Time efficiency is negatively associated with GPP implementation . Intellectual efficiency is negatively associated with the size of the procurement . This study accomplishes the following I. extends research to a still relatively unexplored context developing countries II . adds to the studies on public procurement efficiency and III . investigates the influence of GPP implementation on PP efficiency in a developing country . | One of the pioneer studies on public procurement efficiency. Measuring the public procurement efficiency in three aspects. Examined and explored what factors are related to procurement efficiency. Explored the impact by Green Public Procurement GPP . Introduced the procedure of public procurement with Chinese characteristics. |
S1478409220300765 | In the realm of manufacturing location decisions reshoring has increasingly attracted the attention of practitioners policy makers and scholars . While many articles have analysed the drivers of reshoring decisions the decision making and implementation process still lacks empirical analyses . This paper addresses this gap with a grounded theory approach in particular through an iterative process going back and forth between the theoretical and empirical worlds . By analysing four cases from the textile clothing leather footwear industry we demonstrate that the process characteristics are affected by the behavioural features of the decision itself such as rationality complexity and anchoring . Our study highlights the relevance of the behavioural approach in reshoring decisions and provides evidence of many challenges that managers should be prepared to face . It further offers advice to policy makers warning them about the dark side of reshoring and emphasizing their role in supporting companies to take structured rather than intuitive sub optimal decisions . | Insights on how reshoring happens from a behavioural perspective. Different levels of complexity affect reshoring decision making. High complexity is connected with flexible processes. The reshoring decision making is intuitive in case of high complexity. An anchoring effect influence the reshoring decision making. |
S1478409220300777 | Drawing on prior research the value of scenario planning as a methodology for researching the future of purchasing and supply management is explored . Using three criteria of research quality rigour originality and significance it is shown how developing scenarios and analysing their implications present new important research opportunities for PSM academics practitioners and leaders of the profession . Researching the future of PSM supports the identification of uncertainties and anticipates change across many units and levels of analysis of interest to PSM scholars and practitioners such as the profession discipline markets sectors or organisations . Scenarios are particularly effective for considering how the complex interaction of macro environmental factors affects the PSM context avoiding incremental thinking surfacing assumptions and revealing significant blind spots . PSM research using scenarios aligns with Corley and Gioia s call for prescience oriented research in which academics aim for more impactful research enhancing sense giving potential and theoretical relevance to practice to better perform their adaptive role in society . | Reviews approaches to research the future of purchasing supply management. Highlights scenario planning and prescience oriented research. Makes the case for developing scenarios in PSM research. Evaluates the potential of scenario based research on the future of PSM rigour originality significance . |
S1478409220300789 | This research is about a Delphi study that was conducted in the context of the development of a competence model for sustainable purchasing and supply management . Based on the findings of a systematic literature review it addresses the research gap in this area with the aim to foster the integration of sustainability in purchasing and supply management in higher education and in professional training approaches for PSM professionals . The qualitative study was conducted with 16 Delphi experts in the field of PSM and sustainability applying the critical incident technique . Together with the findings of the SLR it led to a specific set of SPSM competences . The theoretical background is based on PSM research educational sciences and organizational psychology . | Specific sustainable purchasing and supply management SPSM competences are needed to implement sustainability. A Delphi study with 16 experts was conducted applying the critical incident technique CIT . The findings confirm competences in the clusters cognition oriented social oriented functional oriented and meta oriented. Definitions for each competence were derived out of behavioral descriptions gathered with the CIT. The resulting set of SPSM competences provides input for SPSM trainings in the professional and educational context. |
S1478409220300790 | In the last decades supply chains have increasingly transcended national boundaries developing into global supply chains . Along with the many opportunities arising from international sourcing and the extended commercial presence over the world the management of a globally dispersed supply chain is highly complex . A key issue to consider when dealing with the global supply chain design is the location of facilities not only with respect to firms owned facilities but also the supply and distribution side as factors that affect supply chain complexity and operational performance . This paper sets out a methodological framework to characterize the geographical configuration of a firm s suppliers and retailer networks . Quantitative indexes of network spatial concentration and relative proximity measures based on a nonparametric kernel density estimator are developed to identify both intra and inter firm patterns between the supply and point of sales distributions . The method is first described by means of a series of theoretical illustrative examples and exemplified by analyzing the geographical dispersion of four practical cases from the fashion textile industry . Subsequently managerial implications and potential use of the metrics are discussed showing how the proposed approach can support researchers and practitioners to improve supply chain location decisions and logistic integration and evaluate changes in either the purchasing or distribution strategy . | The paper provides a methodology to evaluate the geographical configuration of a firm s supply and retail networks. Measures of. and. based on a nonparametric kernel density are developed. The validity of the proposed metrics is illustrated by means of both illustrative examples and real world cases. The proposed methodology can be used to improve supply chain design. |
S147840922030087X | This paper offers a systematic literature review on the fit among context supply chain integration and performance based on the analysis of 116 articles published in 28 peer reviewed journals . By using Venkatraman s model which distinguishes fit into different forms to frame previous literature and Hakansson s interaction model to classify the investigated contextual variables the present research offers an original lens through which to examine the results found and to identify some open and unsolved issues and opportunities for future research . Based on these results the research concludes that the most used forms of fit are mediation and moderation . Some examples of popular research topics include the moderating role of uncertainty complexity in influencing SCI benefits and the role of SCI as a prerequisite for other operations and supply chain management practices . In addition future research opportunities exist in several areas including the adoption of a behavioural operations supply chain management perspective and institutional theory to study SCI antecedents and the study of national culture as a moderator of the link between SCI and performance . However the most promising research opportunities come from the less used fit forms and from combinations of multiple fit forms that could help to address some unsolved issues in SCI such as the balance between upstream and downstream integration and optimal SCI profiles . The arguments discussed could be useful for both academics and practitioners interested in the SCI performance link and the role of context . | The systematic literature review examines fit among context SCI and performance. Venkatraman s 1989 fit model is used to classify previous literature. Contextual variables are classified using IMP interaction model. The most explored and under explored contextual variables are identified. Promising implications for both researchers and practitioners are offered. |
S1478409220301047 | This paper investigates how companies can manage tensions between exploitative and exploratory innovation by developing an ambidextrous purchasing function . We identify four types of ambidexterity and discuss how these can be combined to complement each other . We present an in depth case study of a large firm which has implemented an ambidextrous purchasing function to contribute simultaneously to exploitative and exploratory innovation . We observe how the four types of ambidexterity were manifested and applied to balance purchasing s contribution to both exploratory and exploitative innovations . The case study shows how the different types of ambidexterity can be combined to mitigate tensions . Based on our case study findings we identify a two stage process of developing purchasing ambidexterity combining the four types of ambidexterity over time . Our findings enrich the understanding of how companies can develop an ambidextrous purchasing function to facilitate purchasing s contribution to exploitative innovation and exploratory innovation . | Purchasing ambidexterity is a concept investigating how purchasing can balance explorative and exploitative activities in innovation. Purchasing ambidexterity is a combination of 4 types of ambidexterity structural sequential contextual and managerial . Contextual and managerial ambidexterity support structural and sequential ambidexterity. Our case has implemented structural and sequential ambidexterity prior to implement contextual and managerial ambidexterity. A combined purchasing ambidexterity reduces tensions occurring within and across the four types of ambidexterity.. |
S1478409220301059 | This study investigates the impact of individual risk aversion on replenishment decisions in a multi echelon supply chain and explores whether this impact is affected by experiential learning . The methodology applied is that of observational studies while the multi echelon supply chain is modeled through the classical Beer Game . Participants in the study are purchasing and supply chain professionals . Results suggest that risk aversion leads to higher orders Risk aversion persists even after experience of the game has been gained . | This study investigates whether individual risk aversion determines a deviation from optimal performance in the management of supply and inventory. It also analyses the impact of experiential learning on this sub optimality and if it tends to vanish or is rather exacerbated when buyers or material planners gain job experience. The supply chain is modeled through the classical Beer Game and participants in the study are purchasing and supply chain professionals. Results provide empirical evidence that individual aversion to risk makes people prudent in their management of inventories in the sense that they will try to avoid running out of stock by holding on average more inventories. This prudent behaviour is enhanced by experience of the decision task. A novel result is also the finding that risk aversion interacts with the current inventory position in affecting replenishment decisions. |
S1546084319300732 | Sepsis is a life threatening condition requiring prompt recognition and aggressive multidisciplinary treatment . This treatment consists of but is not limited to cardiovascular support via fluids and vasoactive medications plus systemic broad spectrum antibiotics . This article reviews the guidelines as well as supporting primary literature surrounding fluids vasoactive medications and antibiotic recommendations for pediatric sepsis . | This article reviews and fully summarizes up to date information including primary literature and guidelines regarding the multidisciplinary care and treatment necessary for severely ill septic pediatric patients. |
S154608431930121X | The lymphatic system is a poorly understood and historically under recognized component of the overall circulatory system . Lymphatic vessels have been difficult to study given their small size relative to arteries and veins . Consequently for centuries little was known about the complex anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system . Lymphatic pathophysiology and complications of lymphatic injury have underscored the importance of lymph nodes lymphatic vasculature and their role in immune regulation transportation of metabolites and fluid balance . Innovation and refinement in advanced imaging has allowed for higher resolution imaging of the lymphatic circulation which in turn has led to improved understanding and targeted therapies . The imaging modalities that have permitted the evaluation diagnosis and treatment of lymphatic disorders are reviewed . | Thoracic duct embolization for chylothorax reinvigorated interest in lymphatic imaging. MR lymphangiography allows for imaging of lymphatic anatomy and flow. Lymphatic interventions are evolving rapidly and becoming more widely applied. |
S1546084319301658 | Arteriovenous fistula is a relatively common complication of renal biopsy reported in 3 14 of patients after renal biopsy while being a sequela of other insults such as infection lithotripsy or partial nephrectomy . Without emergent nephron sparing subselective embolization potentially life threatening hemorrhage may require more aggressive management surgical nephrectomy or lobar arterial embolization with more dire consequences to renal function . We present a case of potentially life threatening hemorrhage from an iatrogenic AVF because of a random renal biopsy treated successfully with embolization of a branch originating from the upper interlobar artery . We also discuss the basic techniques and methodology of modern renal biopsies to reduce associated complications . | This article will discuss an interesting case of an AVF after a renal biopsy and its management by visceral angiography and coiling. Renal biopsies are very common procedures that are performed throughout the world we detail common complications such as AVF hematomas pseudoaneurysms and so forth. The article touches on the common biopsy techniques and the key role nursing plays in the management of renal biopsies. |
S154608431930166X | The counting process is designed to prevent retained foreign bodies while providing optimal perioperative patient safety . Intraoperative distractions are prevalent and potentially contribute to patient safety risks . Counting is an important preventative measure that is a human process prone to error especially in this busy environment where multiple things are happening simultaneously . We sought to evaluate the impact of distractions during the count process on patient safety . Trained nationally certified registered nurses used a validated tool to observe the number of interruptions that occurred during the count process in cardiac surgery . Observation included the key personnel that lead the count process including the scrub person circulating nurse attending surgeons fellows and residents of all disciplines . Observation included scheduled cases in the cardiac specialty for the adult population including all shifts . The predictor in this study was distraction . The primary measure of distraction was the total number of distraction for each case . There are different distraction levels for each distraction . Thus weighted distraction score for each case was created as the summation of distraction level and it is the secondary measure of distraction . To detect a medium effect size with 80 power at 0.05 level we needed a minimum sample size of 54 . We correlated the relationship between the number of interruptions observed and sequelae . Working together as a cohesive team to minimize interruptions can enhance patient safety and decrease additional workload across departments . | This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and description of surgical count interruptions. Used an observational design that has been shown to be reliable in capturing interruptions and distractions. The wound count had highest interruption level with counts being completely halted. Future research should focus on whether interruptions lead to adverse reactions in surgical care. |
S1546084319301683 | Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms are a relatively uncommon complication of chronic pancreatitis . They arise secondary to compromise of the adjacent vasculature by enzymatic autodigestion . It is important to treat these lesions in a timely fashion given the risk of rupture . Historically these pseudoaneurysms were primarily treated with surgery but most are now treated with endovascular embolization as there is less associated morbidity and mortality . However pseudoaneurysms are not always amenable to endovascular treatment because of a variety of factors . A percutaneous transvisceral route offers an alternate approach to embolization . This case report describes the successful percutaneous treatment of a pancreatic pseudoaneurysm via a transhepatic approach . Important technical considerations risks and postprocedural care associated with a percutaneous transvisceral approach are discussed . | Percutaneous trans organ treatment of pancreatic pseudoaneurysms across organs is used in otherwise technically or anatomically limited case. It is important to be mindful of organ structure adjacent anatomy and needle gauge when performing these procedures. Nurses should be familiar with possible post procedural complications. |
S1546084319301750 | Interruptions are considered a natural and necessary part of the caring culture at hospitals . However some interruptions may affect the concentration of health care professionals when performing a task . Research has shown that interruptions probably contribute to errors . There is no research on the radiographic perspective on the phenomenon of interruptions . This study focuses on interruptions within the field of radiology . The purpose is to investigate what radiographers in the radiological specialty consider to be interruptions and how radiographers perceive that interruptions affect their tasks work . This is a qualitative phenomenological approach . Observations and a semistructured focus group interview were conducted . Data from observations and interview were collected and analyzed by systematic meaning condensation . According to radiographers interruptions mean that they are interrupted during a work situation and are thus disrupted or blocked from doing their job . Both objects technologies and persons can cause interruptions . The radiographers perceived that interruptions affected their focus and that losing concentration because of interruptions may lead to errors with consequences for the patients . This study showed that interruptions may cause disruptions insecurity confusion and errors and thus compromise the quality of CT scans and ultimately patient safety . | Interruption to be interrupted or blocked from performing a work task. Both objects technologies and persons can cause interruptions. There are different consequences of interruptions. Some interruptions are ill timed interruptions. Interruptions affected the quality of CT scans. |
S1546084319301762 | Occupational radiation exposure is a hazard inherent to the nursing profession . Concerns may be heightened among personnel who are pregnant or of childbearing age given the known teratogenic and carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation . It is important to use standard protective measures in accordance with regulatory requirements under the ALARA principle . The purpose of this review is to examine published data on exposure levels and pregnancy outcomes among occupationally exposed women as well as to summarize the practices staff should use to monitor and minimize exposure . Available data suggest that fetal dose from occupational exposure in interventional radiology usually remains well below recommended limits and that outcomes are indistinguishable from those among unexposed women . When following required protective measures to manage exposure pregnant personnel can continue to participate safely in patient care activities including computed tomographyguided and fluoroscopic guided procedures . | Current data suggest that occupational exposure does not pose a significant increased risk to the fetus of pregnant staff. Outcomes among occupationally exposed women are indistinguishable from those among unexposed women. Pregnancy can be integrated safely and successfully into an interventional radiology nursing career without considerably altering work schedules. Decreasing exposure time and increasing distance and shielding are central to keeping exposure levels as low as reasonably achievable. |
S1546084319301774 | Transition described as the passage between life phases is a universal concept in nursing . Transitions are often accompanied by emotional turmoil as individuals struggle to redefine themselves and adjust and adapt to new life circumstances . Nurses experience transition when they leave a current role to follow new career pathways or areas of clinical practice . Experienced nurses are highly valued for their requisite skills clinical judgment and knowledge and can fill the demand for highly skilled nurses in complex specialized settings such as radiology . However the transitional process can create uncertainty fear and distress for nurses changing clinical practice specialties . Ineffective orientation processes have been linked to higher nurse turnover rates and poor retention within the first year of hiring . The critical demand for competent nurses should drive efforts to ease the transition of these experienced nurses to new clinical areas of practice . The purpose of this project was to develop a transition program for nurses moving into the complex role of interventional radiology nurse . We used Bridges transition theory to form our framework of interventions and strategies to help experienced nurses successfully transition and adapt their prior knowledge and skills to radiologic and imaging nursing . | Extraordinary advances in radiology nursing have improved diagnosis and treatment of patients. While on the other hand the advancement requires a unique set of competencies required of radiology nurses. Transitioning into radiology nursing can leave even experienced nurses feeling anxious and stressed. Unfortunately the emotional toll on nurses is often unbearable and the transition is unsuccessful and the nurses are not retained in radiology and imaging. This article details the application of Bridges Transition model to the creation of an orientation program for experienced nurses transitioning into radiology and imaging. |
S1546084319302068 | Acutely ill patients receive many treatments some of which can cause serious reactions . It is not unusual for a critically ill patient to receive blood products and low osmolar nonionic iodine based contrast material in close proximity to one another . If the patient appears to develop a reaction during the administration of either iodine based contrast or transfusion it may be difficult to determine whether the patient is experiencing a transfusion reaction or a contrast reaction . This article explores different types of acute reactions resulting from administration of blood products or iodine based contrast and how to differentiate between these reactions . Only iodine based contrast reactions and acute transfusion reactions are discussed as these are by far the most common and most serious types of reactions that will occur . Bedside management of both types of reactions is also explored . In conclusion timely recognition of acute transfusion and iodine based reactions along with an understanding of the differences and similarities between these reactions enables the clinical team to appropriately evaluate and treat the patient for these potentially life threatening events . | Patients can receive blood transfusions and iodinated contrast at the same time. Both blood transfusions and iodinated contrast can cause a wide range of reactions. Differences similarities between blood transfusion and iodinated contrast reactions. Timely recognition of reactions enables evaluation and initiation of treatment. |
S154608431930207X | This study was conducted to evaluate awareness and knowledge regarding the risk of the ionizing radiation and exposure doses and the suitable techniques for radiation protection among health care professionals in Tabuk City Saudi Arabia and to identify areas that require further training and education . A total of 196 responses were collected from two hospitals using a structured seven item questionnaire . Data were collected between January and May 2019 in Tabuk City Saudi Arabia . Overall the study shows a negative trend in knowledge related to radiation risk . Most participants believed correctly that x ray radiation doses used for diagnostic imaging examinations might increase the risk of patients developing cancer in the future . In terms of awareness regarding the measures of patients radiation protection 30.3 reported that increasing the distance from the source of radiation would be the best way to reduce radiation risk toward patients . Respondents had difficulties determining the exact amount of radiation dose equivalent to that of a chest x ray in different diagnostic methods . Most respondents reported incorrectly that abdominal ultrasound and brain MRI use ionizing radiation . The knowledge of health care professionals regarding radiation risk needs improvement . A focus on educational interventions on radiation protection is required to develop a well informed medical staff . | To evaluate awareness and knowledge regarding the risk of the ionizing radiation and safe doses and the suitable techniques for radiation protection. 71.8 of the respondents correctly believed that x ray radiation doses used for diagnostic imaging examinations might increase the risk of patients developing cancer in the future. Respondents experienced difficulty in estimating the exact radiation dose equivalent to that of chest x ray in different diagnostic methods. Vast majority of respondents in this study believed that abdominal ultrasound and brain MRI use ionizing radiation in amounts exceeding that of a chest x ray. |
S1546084319302081 | The purpose of this study was to examine preference for radial or femoral access for visceral arterial interventions among nursing staff responsible for postprocedural care at a single institution . In September 2018 100 surveys were sent to nurses in the Cardiac and Interventional Radiology Recovery Unit 48 of whom completed the survey . On a 5 point Likert scale nurses responded to whether they disagree or agree with 10 encouraging statements regarding radial arterial access . An average of these 10 scores was calculated and an average score 4 for a nurse was considered to be favorable for radial access . Surveyed nurses had an average of 16.7years of experience with a standard deviation of 10.2years . The mean value for 7 of 10 statements regarding radial access was 4.5 the mean value was a 4.1 for the statement radial access requires less nursing care . Nurses responded most favorably to the statements radial access is less embarrassing and radial access lets patients go home sooner with 93 of nurses either strongly agreeing or agreeing . Among the 48 nurses 40 nurses had a cumulative average score 4 . A chi square test of radial favorability versus level of experience yielded a chi square statistic of 1.2 and a p value of .273 . Nurses tend to prefer radial over femoral access when caring for patients who have undergone interventional radiology procedures independent of years of experience . Nursing care is not likely to be an impediment in the initiation of a radial access program . | Forty eight nurses were surveyed across the cardiac and interventional radiology recovery units on their preferences for access site for interventional procedures. Nurses prefer radial over femoral access when caring for patients independent of their years of experience on the basis that it has fewer complications allows for easier nursing monitoring and lets patients go home sooner. Nursing care is not a likely impediment to adoption of transradial access in interventional radiology. |
S1546084319302093 | UPMC Children s Hospital of Pittsburgh has made many changes in practice and processes to impact patient satisfaction in our radiology department . The primary aim of this article is to show changes made related to the preparation and care of outpatients to this department focusing on sedation phone calls staff impact and effective patient care . A task force was developed to review and devise scheduling success opportunities . Results included an increase in staff engagement and many changes have been made and upheld to provide an opportunity to increase satisfaction in the outpatient setting of radiology department . | Staff led patient scheduling ideas. Changes in practice and processes to impact patient satisfaction in our radiology department. Minimizing the delay of sedation and anesthesia scan start times. The scheduling success group has made positive changes to aspects of scheduling and patient experiences. Changes in protocoling examinations revision of time slots and prephone calls to parents. |
S1546084319302111 | The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of the usefulness of transcranial Doppler ultrasound as a noninvasive neuromonitor and bedside ultrasound in pediatric patients who have experienced a penetrative traumatic brain injury as a result of a firearm . To date the use of TCD is not standard of care in pediatric TBI patients . TCD is a portable ultrasound that can be performed in any care environment . The use of TCD in pediatric TBI studies have demonstrated abnormalities in cerebral blood flow velocity autoregulation and embolic events all of which have been associated with poor neurocognitive and functional outcomes . A penetrating brain injury as a result of a firearm is associated with ongoing vascular injury and thereby an increased risk for poor neurologic sequelae . We discuss two exemplars of TCD use in children who experienced a firearm related penetrating TBI and their TCD findings . Both exemplars identified the unique insights provided by TCD that were unappreciated by clinical observation . This article provides early evidence for the use of TCD as a neuromonitor in pediatric penetrating TBI . | Transcranial Doppler TCD ultrasound is a noninvasive safe nonionizing neuromonitor of cerebral circulation. TCD can detect vascular abnormalities after traumatic brain injury TBI . TCD detected abnormalities can provide insight into a patient s clinical course. |
S1546084319302160 | Interventional procedures benefit palliative care team patients in a variety of different ways providing a means to manage a wide array of debilitating symptoms . The interprofessional collaboration of palliative care and interventional radiology is imperative for the successful management of chronically ill patients in their homes . This article briefly defines the roles of the palliative care team and that of interventional radiology in patient symptom management providing a better understanding of the differences and the interface of these disciplines in the complex symptom management of palliative patients . | A team approach to symptom management in chronically ill patients improves outcomes. Interventional radiology procedures benefit patients choosing palliative care. A wide variety of interventional radiology procedures can be used to provide care for the palliative and hospice patients. |
S1546084319302287 | The radiography profession in Sweden is young but has been rapidly changing over the recent years . The developing profession has led to radiographers facing various challenges related to responsibility for both the technical equipment and patient care in the periradiographic process . Further education is urgent to keep up with the arising level of competence required . The study aimed to explore radiographers experience of their work performance and contribution to the clinic after accomplishing a 7.5 ECTS postgraduate course in appendicular reporting . The study has a qualitative design based on individual and semistructured interviews with 34 registered radiographers from all parts of Sweden . The results revealed that the course led to Breadth and depth in the professional practice . This was seen by a perceived increased knowledge more professional recognition and a perceived increased work satisfaction . The postgraduate course in reporting was a valuable experience for the attending radiographers and contributed both to their personal and professional development . | The course in reporting led to greater personal work satisfaction. The course in reporting increased professional knowledge and hence professional recognition. The course in reporting led to a greater contribution to the clinical work. |
S1546084319302299 | The optimal method of assessing and reducing preprocedural patient anxiety remains uncertain in radiologic procedures . Previous research suggests that the role of radiology nurses is critical to optimally address preprocedural anxiety but the preferences of radiology nurses remain understudied . A questionnaire was adapted from a previous cross sectional study of interventional radiology to determine the views of current preferences of nurses with regards to addressing preprocedural anxiety . The questionnaire was disseminated to an e mail list maintained by the Association for Radiologic and Imaging Nursing from July to September 2019 . The survey included questions about the assessment importance and reduction of preprocedural patient anxiety . A post hoc scale was used to quantify degree of responsibility allocated to radiology nurses radiologists patients family members and other health care providers . A total of 370 responses were obtained . Most respondents found preprocedural anxiety to be very important in practice | Radiology nurses acknowledge the importance of preprocedural anxiety. Most radiology nurses assessed their patients preprocedural anxiety levels. Nurses supported patient education and other methods to reduce patient anxiety. Nurses held themselves most responsible to reduce patient anxiety in radiology. |
S1546084320300018 | Cerebrospinal fluid leaks due to spinal procedures are commonly reported and can result in a condition known as intracranial hypotension . In rare cases this can lead to a life threatening situation if not properly diagnosed and treated . This case study discusses a rapidly decompensating patient that was found to have a CSF leak after an epidural placement for childbirth and made a full recovery after treatment with an epidural blood patch . | Postdural puncture headaches PDPHs are an inherent risk of spinal interventions. PDPHs are associated with a cerebral spinal fluid CSF leak and may result in neurological deterioration of a patient. Epidural blood patching has shown to be effective in treating PDPH CSF leaks. |
S154608432030002X | Women aged between 40 and 74 years are called to do mammography screening in Sweden with the aim of early detection of breast cancer which is the most common type of cancer in women . Women with dense breast tissue are more likely to develop breast cancer and mammography is not an optimal diagnostic method for them because of reduced sensitivity . Radiographers who work in mammography departments are exposed to ethical dilemma daily which is whether they should inform women about the density of their breast . The purpose of the study is to illustrate thoughts that radiographers have on breast density during mammography examination . The study was performed with qualitative method where semistructured interviews were conducted . The material from the interviews was analyzed condensed into different units and afterward in different codes that became different categories . The informants had separate opinions about if women in Sweden should be informed about breast density . On the other hand radiographers considered that women should not be informed if there are no guidelines for the assessment and follow up of breast density . With regard to supplementary examinations all informants consider that it would be good for women with high dense breast tissue to be offered supplementary examinations during mammography screening . | Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and offering screening programs has shown to reduce mortality. Mammography is a safe and cost effective diagnostic method for early detection of possible cancer changes. For women with high tissue density in the breast mammography is not always the optimal screening method. When radiographers detect women with high breast density during screening without the possibility of informing this can cause ethical dilemmas. |
S1546084320300031 | Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a form of intracranial hypotension that often lacks uniformity in its presentation on physical assessment and radiological imaging studies among patients . SIH can be mistaken for a number of other unrelated conditions and because it is also quite rare many health care providers and patients are not familiar with this condition . These factors make SIH difficult to recognize and diagnose . This article seeks to bring greater awareness to health care professionals about SIH to direct patients affected by SIH to more appropriate and timely care . This work also offers suggestions for management of patients receiving an epidural blood patch a common treatment for SIH . | SIH is a form of intracranial hypotension not associated with iatrogenic causes. CSF leaks or CSF venous fistulas lead to CSF hypovolemia in SIH. A classical symptom of SIH includes new onset daily persistent headaches. Epidural blood patching is an effective treatment option for SIH. |
S1546084320300249 | Researchers observed that anesthesiologists were not practicing basic radiation safety precautions during fluoroscopic procedures . Anesthesiologists were not wearing lead aprons thyroid shields or dosimeters during fluoroscopy procedures . Anesthesiologists work in theaters where fluoroscopy procedures are performed . During fluoroscopy ionizing radiation is used to generate images of internal structures . Ionizing radiation can not be seen and has no smell but can potentially cause genetic mutation . Therefore these professionals are exposed to the harmful effects of ionizing radiation . Similar findings have been described for orthopedic surgeons and nurses in South Africa . In this study we investigated anesthesiologists level of knowledge of ionizing radiation by describing anesthesiologists compliance to radiation safety measures and then got input on what can be carried out to improve their radiation safety . We used a quantitative research approach using a cross sectional descriptive design . The questionnaires were hand delivered to purposively selected participants and collected immediately after they were completed . Data were analyzed using software STATA 14 . Anesthesiologists had inadequate skills on radiation safety precautions with a subsequent lack of compliance . Anesthesiologists were not compliant with the standard guidelines on radiation safety . 82 of both registrar and consultant anesthesiologists did not wear a dosimeter . None of the registrar anesthesiologists wore dosimeters . There were also limited radiation safety devices including dosimeters provided at the hospitals where they were working . In conclusion there is a need to improve anesthesiologists knowledge on radiation safety precautions . | Anesthesiologist s knowledge on radiation. Use of dosimeter in a fluoroscopy unit. Training on ionizing radiation. Dosimeter placement during the procedures involving ionizing radiation. Anesthesiologist s suggestions on improving radiation safety. |
S1546084320300341 | Communicating bad news to a patient or family is as much an art and test of will power as anything . The following article outlines considerations and points of emphasis when performing this task . Also is a list of resources and a case example of how to properly handle an unexpected adverse outcome . | Good communication with the patient and the family is an essential part of health care. Adverse outcome of a procedure is not achieving the desired result after performing the procedure. If adverse outcome is to be delivered advanced preparation is essential in transmitting accurate information and in properly setting the conversation up. |
S1546084320300420 | There is reported increased utilization of diagnostic imaging worldwide owing to technological advancement and increased diagnostic capability of evolving medical imaging modalities . However there are concerns that the increasing use of radiation for medical imaging is not being properly managed because of substantiated lack of adequate quality assurance implementation in majority of diagnostic imaging departments and centers in Nigeria . A broad literature search was conducted using the PubMed Elsevier ScienceDirect and Springer Link . The keywords quality assurance quality control optimization and radiation dose were combined with the terms implementation challenges medical imaging and Nigeria as identifiers to recognize articles focusing on the challenges of QA and quality control in diagnostic imaging in Nigeria . Fifty nine articles were identified in literature search . Factors and challenges inhibiting effective QA implementation including management and policies QC equipment QC culture and familiarity skilled personnel radiology benefit management and regulatory enforcement were identified and discussed . An illustration of typical frequency of QC evaluations in some x ray imaging systems was provided . This is expected to guide QC personnel and centers on selection and execution of QC evaluations . | Unfavorable policies and workforceleading barrier to effective quality assurance QA implementation in Nigeria. Lack of quality control QC equipment contributed to the derisory QC familiarization and culture. Patient benefitdriven imaging referrals and enhanced regulatory enforcement are effective strategies to improve QA implementation. |
S1546084320300432 | Ultrasonography is a valuable tool to guide diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients . This review exposes the available evidence on the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of the patient in shock respiratory failure or cardiac arrest from a nontraumatic etiology . The evidence shows that it is a quick and accurate bedside tool for the diagnostic approach of most acute and emergent disorders . From the emergency department to the intensive care unit ultrasonography helps to make timely diagnoses guide therapeutic measures avoid unnecessary procedures and continuously reassess patients with critical hemodynamic respiratory and cardiovascular conditions . This tool will most likely continue to expand its range of usefulness in this and other medical care settings . Today ultrasonography training is essential to all clinicians who take care of critical patients to improve patient safety reduce morbidity and eventually reduce the costs derived from their care . | Ultrasonography is a valuable tool to guide diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. Ultrasonography helps to make timely diagnoses guide therapeutic measures avoid unnecessary procedures and continuously reassess patients with critical hemodynamic respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Ultrasonography training is essential to all clinicians who take care of critical patients to improve patient safety reduce morbidity and eventually reduce the costs derived from their care. |
S1546084320300493 | CT colonography also known as virtual colonoscopy is a minimally invasive complementary screening method to optical colonoscopy that is growing in its availability and utilization . As a screening test it is typically performed in outpatient radiology sites . Examinations are monitored by a radiologist trained in its performance . CTC is selectively performed in a hospital setting for patients with comorbidities that render them at a high risk for OC such as cardiac disease or screening before organ transplantation . In cases where OC is unsuccessful for at complete colonic inspection CTC can be performed the same day after OC or planned at a later date to evaluate the remainder of the colon . Candidates for CTC must be able to follow instructions and tolerate colonic insufflation . Patients who have fecal incontinence or significant rectal prolapse are not candidates for CTC because of limited ability to maintain colonic distension . Finally strict adherence to the recommended colonic preparation before CTC is critical to the examination s success . | CT colonography CTC is a minimally invasive alternative visual screening method for colon cancer to optical colonoscopy OC . CTC does not require sedation and has a high safety profile with only a minimal risk of perforation lower than that of OC. Detection of colon cancer at an early stage and detection of premalignant polyps are the goals of CTC. |
S154608432030050X | Patients undergoing biopsy in interventional radiology often have increased preprocedural anxiety . IR nurses are with these patients throughout their admission and procedure and in a position to find innovative ways to ameliorate this patient anxiety . The aim of this study is to describe and measure the effect of aromatherapy on reported levels of preprocedural anxiety in IR patients undergoing image guided biopsies in a community hospital . A prospective experimental pretest posttest control group design of 90 subjects were randomly assigned to receive a lavender impregnated aromatherapy patch or a jojoba oil patch . Self reported anxiety levels were measured at the time of admission and immediately before the procedure utilizing a 100mm visual analog scale . Subjects anxiety scores decreased significantly from admission to just before their procedure among the whole sample | An anxious patient may be unable to focus during critical times such as the informed consent process. Post test anxiety scores were statistically significantly lower than pretest scores. The difference between study groups aromatherapy versus jojoba oil was not statistically significant. Variability in the success of aromatherapy to prevent anxiety may be due to nurse interaction patient satisfaction difference in product or another unknown variable. |
S1546084320300754 | Disasters often occur without warning and have the potential to affect large numbers of people . Those in the radiology environment experience unique effects on them their equipment and their ability to provide quality patient care . Lessons can be learned by reviewing events and their impact on imaging departments around the world . Radiology departments need to be actively involved in the disaster planning and the management of disasters when they occur . Common themes emerge regardless of the type of disaster and these themes should be included in all planning . | Planning for catastrophes affecting imaging departments. Disaster management plans rarely include radiology. 160 million people worldwide are affected by a disaster each year. Lessons can be learned from those who lived through one. |
S1618866718303108 | Urban green spaces provide multiple benefits and public parks in particular have a key role in supporting ecological and social sustainability in cities contributing to human nature interactions . We studied the interrelationships between uses experiences and the environment by adopting a novel concept of urban biocultural diversity . The concept identifies three interlinked spheres of urban BCD materialised lived and stewardship . We conducted place based research in 33 parks located in four European capitals Helsinki Berlin Bucharest and Lisbon . A total of 1474 visitors were interviewed concerning their motivations to use the park and their experiences during the visit . Using an open ended survey we revealed more than 50 motivations for park use and over 100 features people enjoyed during their visits . On the other hand visitors mentioned far fewer things that disturbed them . We revealed that despite the fact motivations to use parks were strongly human oriented visitors widely enjoyed the environmental characteristics of parks and especially nature . We found that parks located in neighbourhoods with low socio economic status and outside the central area of the city were structurally less diverse than parks located in the city core . The structurally diverse parks enhanced motivations to use them and increased overall enjoyments of the environment . We revealed clear differences in motivations and enjoyments between cities implying that the day to day practices of people using and experiencing nature varies between cities . | Motivations to use parks cantered around enjoyment of the environment. Structural diversity of parks changed along the city gradient. Structural diversity of parks enhanced diverse uses and enjoyments. More visitors enjoyed nature in parks with high structural diversity. |
S1618866718305673 | Substrate design is important for stormwater retention and plant survival on green roofs . Green roof substrates are mostly inorganic providing long term stability while organic components reduce substrate weight and increase water retention depending on rate and type . Selection of organic components depends on availability and organic waste materials can improve sustainability and reduce costs . We aimed to use organic waste materials to create lightweight substrates with good aeration and increased plant available water to support plant growth on green roofs . We evaluated the effects of five locally available organic waste components on the physical and chemical properties of a scoria based substrate when added at 0 5 10 15 and 20 by volume . We also examined their phytotoxic effects on plant growth using lettuce | Substrate design determines green roof stormwater retention and plant survival. Organic wastes may lighten substrates increase water retention and improve sustainability. We evaluated the effects of organic wastes on substrate properties and plant growth. Overall higher rates of organic wastes made substrates lighter and improved PAW. However although nut waste materials lightened substrates they inhibited plant growth. |
S1618866718305818 | Foresters use diameter at breast height to estimate timber volumes quantify ecosystem services and predict other biometrics that would be difficult to directly measure . But DBH has numerous problems including a range of breast heights and challenges with applying this standard to divergent tree forms . Our study focuses on street trees that fork between 30 and 137cm of height which researchers have identified as particularly challenging in the ongoing development of urban allometric models as well as consistency in measurements across space and time . Using a mixed methods approach we surveyed 25 urban forestry practitioners in twelve cities in the northeastern United States about the measurement and management of multi stemmed street trees and intensively measured 569 trees of three frequently planted and commonly multi stemmed genera | Urban foresters address the challenge of multi stemmed DBH in a variety of ways. Small statured trees are an increasing proportion of some street tree populations. No multi stemmed DBH measurement method offers markedly superior predictive power. There are substantial advantages to measuring multi stemmed trees below branching. Two alternative techniquesD. and Diameter Below Forkshow particular promise. |
S1618866718306307 | Despite being one of the largest and fastest growing cities of the world little is known about the urban forest of Karachi . The city consists of eighteen towns . Each town has different socioeconomic status . Therefore the present study investigates 1 the patterns and differences in the diversity and density of street tree communities across the towns of different socio economic status 2 the patterns and differences in the diversity and density of the communities of different road widths 3 the factors that cause variation in different attributes of the community . The study revealed significant variation in the diversity and density of the tree community of different towns and road categories . The socioeconomic status of towns and different road categories demonstrated statistically significant influence in determining their tree density and species diversity . Statistically significant correlation was found between socioeconomic status and tree density per thousand inhabitants of towns . The study divulges recurring planting of one or few species that decrease the species diversity in many towns and streets . | Monoculture planting is prevalent. Affluent towns show greater tree density and species richness. Wide Roads reveal higher density and diversity. |
S1618866718306460 | Urban trees composition and diversity are gaining more relevance for academic urban planning and sustainability purposes . Despite their free ecosystem services little is documented on urban trees especially in developing countries such as Nigeria . This study assessed the composition diversity structural characteristics and provenance of trees in two cities of North western Nigeria . Landsat images for 2015 were used to classify each city into five broad land cover classes to facilitate stratified sampling . Data on tree species height Diameter at Breast Height and provenance was collected from a total of 373 plots of 3030m dimension . A total of 1558 trees belonging to 56 species in 46 genera and 22 families were assessed with generally more categories of native than exotic species but higher populations of exotic stems . | Despite their growing relevance in urban areas urban tree species are not evenly distributed in some cities in North western Nigeria. The studied cities are dominated by relatively few tree species with exotic species category having higher stems population. Urban trees composition diversity and growth characteristics vary significantly across the cities and to some extent the land use cover types. This study highlights the need for extensive science based tree planting programme across cities in North western Nigeria. |
S161886671830757X | Scenic forests are a basic component of forest parks . Evaluating the beauty of the color of scenic forests is an important consideration in scientific management measures . The Purple Mountain National Forest Park in Nanjing was considered the case study area . Using the autumn scenic forest typical sample survey in 2017 and color beauty questionnaire surveys of tourists as the main information sources the beauty of the autumn color in the study area was quantitatively analyzed by using multiple linear regression and random forest models . The results reveal the following of the two evaluation models the fitting accuracy of the random forest model is higher than that of the multiple linear regression model with a correlation coefficient of 0.91 the main affecting factors include the canopy density average diameter at breast height average tree height plot volume quantification of orange number of seasonal changing colors average hue value number of color categories distance to residence distance to road slope and aspect and the distribution of the color scenic beauty value gradually decreased from the southwest to northeast . The results of this study show that the color scenic beauty of an urban forest park in autumn can be evaluated using a quantitative model . | An autumn color scenic beauty evaluation method was identified in forest in urban forest parks in most regions of China. The main impact factors of autumn color scenic beauty in scenic forest were stand factors followed by visual color factors. The distribution pattern of landscape color scenic beauty of scenic forest in autumn was obtained. |
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