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10420073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozef%20Psotka | Jozef Psotka | Jozef Psotka, (12 February 1934, Košice, Czechoslovakia – , Mount Everest, Himalayas, Nepal) was a Slovak mountaineer, at that time the oldest person in the world who reached the summit of Mount Everest without oxygen.
Biography
He attended a high school in Košice, Czechoslovakia, and graduated in 1953. He had a lifetime passion for mountaineering, climbing Matterhorn and Kangchenjunga, among other peaks. On October 15, 1984, he reached the summit of Mount Everest without oxygen with Zoltán Demján and Sherpa Ang Rita. Together with Zoltan Demján, he was the first Slovak climber who reached the summit of Mount Everest. During the return they separated and Psotka accidentally fell 1,000 meters to his death.
See also
List of people who died climbing Mount Everest
Notes
External links
Everest Summits in the 1980-1985
List of Slovak ascensionists of the eight-thousanders
Ing. Jozef Psotka
Sportsmen from Košice - Jozef Psotka
1934 births
1984 deaths
Sportspeople from Košice
Slovak mountain climbers
Mountaineering deaths on Mount Everest |
27147032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivella%20plana | Olivella plana | Olivella plana is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olivellidae, the dwarf olives.
Description
Distribution
References
Olivellidae
Gastropods described in 1871 |
57321296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhysodesmus%20texicolens | Rhysodesmus texicolens | Rhysodesmus texicolens is a species of flat-backed millipede in the family Xystodesmidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Polydesmida
Articles created by Qbugbot
Animals described in 1938 |
1765871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi%20Democratic%20Party | Malawi Democratic Party | The Malawi Democratic Party is a political party in Malawi. The party was founded by Kamlepo Kalua and others. At the 20 May 2004 general election, the party was part of the Mgwirizano Coalition that won 27 out of 194 seats.
Political parties in Malawi |
31378289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Pietruszka | Frédéric Pietruszka | Frédéric Pietruszka (born 13 May 1954) is a French fencer. He won a gold medal in the team foil event at the 1980 Summer Olympics and a bronze in the same events at the 1976 and 1984 Summer Olympics.
He was president of the French Fencing Federation from 2005 to 2012. He is currently general secretary of the International Fencing Federation.
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
French male foil fencers
Olympic fencers of France
Fencers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for France
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Olympic medalists in fencing
People from Villecresnes
Fencers from Paris
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Val-de-Marne |
38291673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Revenants%20EP | Les Revenants EP | Les Revenants EP is the eleventh EP by Scottish post-rock band Mogwai. It was released on 17 December 2012 in a digital format through Rock Action Records, and was released physically in 10" vinyl format on 28 January 2013. The EP contains three tracks from the full-length soundtrack album of the same name (two of these are alternative versions), plus a bonus track ("Soup").
Track listing
"Wizard Motor"
"Soup"
"The Huts" (version)
"This Messiah Needs Watching" (version)
Personnel
Stuart Braithwaite – guitar, vocals
Dominic Aitchison – bass
Martin Bulloch – drums
John Cummings - piano, guitar
Barry Burns – keyboards
References
2013 EPs
Mogwai EPs
Rock Action Records albums |
3704153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Zandberg | Michael Zandberg | Michael Zandberg (; born April 16, 1980, in Petah Tikva) is a former Israeli football player, He is the current head coach of Hapoel Tel Aviv's youth team.
Career
He played for Hapoel Petah Tikva until he was 22 years of age, playing 130 games in all club competitions.
In the summer of 2002 he moved to Maccabi Haifa where he played 4 years. He won 3 championships, a Toto Cup and also played in the UEFA Champions League with Haifa. Zandberg made 172 caps in all club competitions, scoring 43 goals and provided 20 assists while part of the club.
In the 2000s, Zandberg was one of the best wingers in Israeli football and was a regular member of the Israeli national team having won 20 caps for the national side. In that time period, Zandberg received interest from teams in the Dutch Eredivisie, the English Premiership, and from the German Bundesliga.
In the summer of 2006, Zandberg transferred to Beitar Jerusalem for a 4-year contract worth $1,200,000. Overall in all club competitions he played 106 games, scored 15 goals, and provided 22 assists in 3 seasons at Beitar.
In May 2007, it was revealed that Zandberg had agreed on a $600,000 one-year contract with English side Sheffield United, but when Sheffield United was relegated to the English 2nd division on the final day of the season, Zandberg decided against the move.
At the end of 2006–07 Israeli Premier League, Zandberg was chosen as the Player of the Season.
In July 2009, he signed a one-year contract with Hapoel Tel Aviv worth $150,000. After half a season with Hapoel he was transferred to Bnei Yehuda.
In July 2010, he signed a one-year contract with Maccabi Petah Tikva.
After a very poor season in Petah Tikva he was again on the move, this time landing a one-year deal with Hapoel Haifa.
In July 2012, he signed with Hapoel Ramat Gan, his boyhood club.
On October 17, 2018, Zandberg announced his retirement from an active game at the age of 38.
Personal life
His sister is Israeli politician Tamar Zandberg.
Honours
Israeli Premier League (5):
2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08
Toto Cup (1):
2005–06
State Cup (2):
2008, 2013
Israeli Footballer of the Year (1):
2007
References
External links
ONE profile
1980 births
Living people
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Israeli footballers
Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. players
Israel international footballers
Maccabi Haifa F.C. players
Beitar Jerusalem F.C. players
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. players
Hapoel Nir Ramat HaSharon F.C. players
Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C. players
Israeli Premier League players
Liga Leumit players
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Footballers from Ramat Gan
Association football wingers
Association football midfielders |
40322799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Hot%20Music | Red Hot Music | Red Hot Music is a 1937 animated short produced by Terrytoons, starring Kiko the Kangaroo. It is the fifth cartoon in the character's series. In the Castle Films reissue, the cartoon was retitled Red Hot Rhythm!
Plot
The film starts in a radio station building which is, for some reason, named after Kiko. Inside, an orchestra is performing upbeat jazz music. Their melody is well received by everybody just outside. As the musicians work hard on their performance, fires mysteriously break out in the building.
At a nearby fire department, the alarm rings. The lead fireman, who is none other than Kiko the Kangaroo, leaps out of bed, and slides down the pole. He then heads his fellow firefighters toward the blazing building.
Kiko and the firemen arrive at the radio station on time, and begin to spray their water cannons at it. While he struggles to enter the building, Kiko retrieves the victims collected by his colleagues. When he finally gets inside, he finds the rooms flooded as a result of being heavily showered by the cannons. Kiko then finds a plug which he pulls, thus draining out all the water. After being carried out into the street by the current, Kiko celebrates his accomplished mission by conducting some music while his fellow firemen become his orchestra.
References
External links
Red Hot Music at the Big Cartoon Database
1937 films
American films
English-language films
American black-and-white films
1937 comedy films
Films about firefighting
Films set in New York City
Terrytoons shorts
Films about kangaroos and wallabies
American comedy films
20th Century Fox short films
Films directed by Mannie Davis
Films directed by George Gordon
Comedy short films
American animated short films |
26193833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Bowl%20indicator | Super Bowl indicator | The Super Bowl Indicator is a spurious correlation that says that the stock market's performance in a given year can be predicted based on the outcome of the Super Bowl of that year. It was "discovered" by Leonard Koppett in the 1970s when he realized that it had never been wrong, until that point. This pseudo-macroeconomic concept states that if a team from the American Football Conference (AFC) wins, then it will be a bear market (or down market), but if a team from the National Football Conference (NFC) or a team that was in the NFL before the NFL/AFL merger wins, it will be a bull market (up market).
As of January 2020, the indicator has been correct 40 out of 53 times, as measured by the S&P 500 Index – a success rate of 75%.
Data
See also
January barometer
Calendar effect
References
Business terms |
1332380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917%20World%20Series | 1917 World Series | In the 1917 World Series, the Chicago White Sox beat the New York Giants four games to two. The Series was played against the backdrop of World War I, which dominated the American newspapers that year and next.
The strong Chicago White Sox club had finished the 1917 season with a 100–54 record: their only 100-win season in franchise history as of 2021. The Sox's next World Series winner in 2005 would finish the regular season with a 99–63 record.
The Sox won Game 1 of the Series in Chicago 2–1 behind a complete game by Eddie Cicotte. Happy Felsch hit a home run in the fourth inning that provided the winning margin. The Sox beat the Giants in Game 2 7–2 behind another complete game effort by Red Faber to take a 2–0 lead in the Series.
Back in New York for Game 3, Cicotte again threw a complete game, but the Sox could not muster a single run against Giants' starter Rube Benton and lost 2–0. In Game 4 the Sox were shut out again 5–0 by Ferdie Schupp. Faber threw another complete game, but the Series was even at 2–2 going back to Chicago.
Reb Russell started Game 5 in Chicago, but only faced three batters before giving way to Cicotte. Going into the bottom of the seventh inning, Chicago was down 5–2, but they rallied to score three in the seventh and three in the eighth to win 8–5. Faber pitched the final two innings for the win. In Game 6 the Sox took an early 3–0 lead and on the strength of another complete-game victory from Faber (his third of the Series) won 4–2 and clinched the World Championship. Eddie Collins was the hitting hero, batting .409 over the six game series while Cicotte and Faber combined to pitch 50 out of a total 52 World Series innings to lead the staff.
The decisive game underscored the Giants' post-season frustrations, featuring a famous rundown in which Giants' third baseman Heinie Zimmerman futilely chased the speedy Eddie Collins toward home plate with what would be the Series-winning run. Catcher Bill Rariden had run up the third base line to start a rundown, expecting pitcher Rube Benton or first baseman Walter Holke to cover the plate. However, neither of them budged, forcing Zimmerman to chase Collins while pawing helplessly in the air with the ball in an attempt to tag him. Two years before the issue of baseball betting reached its peak, Zimmerman found himself having to publicly deny purposely allowing the run to score, i.e. to deny that he had "thrown" the game. In truth, McGraw blamed Benton and Holke for failing to cover the plate. A quote often attributed to Zim, but actually invented by writer Ring Lardner some years later, was that when asked about the incident Zim replied, "Who the hell was I supposed to throw to, Klem (umpire Bill Klem, who was working the plate)?" Conventional wisdom has it that Collins was much faster than Zimmerman, but existing photos of the play show that Zimmerman was only a step or two behind Collins, who actually slid across the plate while Zim jumped over him to avoid trampling him. Zimmerman would eventually be banned for life due to various accusations of corruption.
The great athlete Jim Thorpe, better known for football in general, made his only World Series "appearance" during Game 5, where he was listed in the lineup card as starting in right field; but for his turn at bat in the top of the first inning he was replaced by a left-handed hitting Dave Robertson.
The White Sox, who were essentially dismantled following the 1920 season by baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis due to the Black Sox Scandal in the 1919 World Series, did not make it to another World Series until , and did not win another World Series until .
Summary
Matchups
Game 1
Fred McMullin drove in Chicago's first run, and Happy Felsch's homer made it 2–0. Giants pitcher Slim Sallee knocked in his side's only run with a single after a Lew McCarty triple.
Game 2
Shoeless Joe Jackson's two-run single capped a five-run fourth inning for the White Sox, who knocked out Giants starter Ferdie Schupp in the second inning.
Game 3
The home team won for the third straight time as the series moved to New York. The only runs of a snappy 1 hour, 55 minute game came on a Dave Robertson triple, Walter Holke double and a single by George Burns.
Game 4
The first of a pair of homers by Giants center fielder Benny Kauff was an inside-the-park one that sailed over Sox center fielder Happy Felsch's head. The other came in the eighth off Chicago reliever Dave Danforth.
Game 5
Even though Red Faber would start Games 4 and 6, he was brought in from the bullpen to close Game 5. Taking no chances, the Sox yanked starter Reb Russell after just three batters, all of whom reached base. A three-error third inning behind Eddie Cicotte put the Giants up 4–1. But after a game-tying rally in the seventh, the Sox won it in the eighth as Happy Felsch greeted reliever Pol Perritt with an RBI single. It was the fifth straight win by the home team in this Series.
Game 6
A pair of errors proved costly to the Giants in a three-run fourth when Chick Gandil and Ray Schalk followed with RBI hits. New York's hopes rose with a Buck Herzog triple in the next inning that made it 3–2. But with the workhorse Faber holding the Giants at bay the rest of the way, the Sox got an insurance run in the ninth on hits by Buck Weaver and Nemo Leibold, and the Series was theirs. It would be their last championship until 2005.
Composite box
1917 World Series (4–2): Chicago White Sox (A.L.) over New York Giants (N.L.)
Notes
References
External links
World Series
World Series
Chicago White Sox postseason
New York Giants (NL) postseason
World Series
World Series
1910s in Chicago
Sports competitions in New York City
World Series
Sports competitions in Chicago
20th century in Manhattan
Washington Heights, Manhattan |
46833061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odaipatty | Odaipatty | Odaipatty is a village located near Oddanchatram in Dindigul district, State of Tamil Nadu, India. The major job of this village is cultivation/farming; mostly vegetables which are Tomato, Drumstick, Brinjal, Ladies finger, Red Chilly and Green Chilly. Vegetables will be sold to the Oddanchatram Vegetable market which is famous in Tamil Nadu and major exporter of vegetables to the State of Kerala.
Villages in Dindigul district |
37413811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akseh-ye%20Sofla | Akseh-ye Sofla | Akseh-ye Sofla (, also Romanized as ‘Akseh-ye Soflá; also known as Āchseh-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Abdoliyeh-ye Sharqi Rural District, in the Central District of Ramshir County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 4 families.
References
Populated places in Ramshir County |
50519098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20V.%20Tracy | Stephen V. Tracy | Stephen Victor Tracy (born 1941) is an American scholar of Classics specializing in ancient Greek Epigraphy. Inscriptions are one of the most important classes of primary evidence that comes down to us from antiquity. Tracy is best known for devising a method for recognizing the work of individual inscribers. It was long thought that the intractability of the medium (hammer and chisel on marble) made this impossible. But by treating the inscribed letters as a kind of handwriting he has been able to establish careers for many cutters, to join discrete fragments, to date inscriptions more accurately than in the past, and often thereby make it possible to reach a new understanding of historical events.
Education and career
Tracy received his BA in Classics from Brown University in 1963 and PhD in Classical Philology from Harvard University in 1968.
He was an instructor and assistant professor Wellesley College, 1965–71, and professor of Greek and Latin at Ohio State University, 1971-2002. From 2002 until 2007 Tracy was director of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. He has had a long association with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton: member in 1987-88, 90 and 91, Mellon Fellow 1996-97, and long-term visitor from 2007 to 2016. He is currently a visiting associate at the Institute.
He was the creator and first director of the Center for Epigraphic and Paleographic Studies at The Ohio State University. He continues to oversee the Packard Humanities Institute-funded project there to digitize all ancient Greek epigraphical texts.
Selected publications
Books
Athenian Lettering of the Fifth Century B.C.: the Rise of the Professional Letter Cutter (Walter de Gruyter 2016)
Pericles: A Sourcebook and Reader (University of California Press, 2009)
Athens and Macedon: Attic Letter-Cutters of 300 to 229 B.C. (University of California Press, 2003)
Athenian Democracy in Transition: Attic Letter-Cutters of 340 to 290 B.C. (University of California Press, 1995)
The Story of the Odyssey (Princeton University Press, 1990)
Attic Letter-Cutters of 229 to 86 B.C. (University of California Press, 1990)
IG II2 2336 Contributors of First Fruits for the Pythaïs, Beitrage zur Klassischen Philologie, Heft 139 (Meisenheim, 1982)
The Lettering of an Athenian Mason, Hesperia Supplement XV (Princeton, 1975)
Books co-authored
Inscriptiones Graecae II/III3 1.5: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno posteriores. Ed. tertia. Pars I: Fasc. 5: Leges et decreta annorum 229/8–168/7 (with V. N. Bardani) Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences (Walter de Gruyter, 2012)
Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the USA: A Checklist (with J. Bodel), American Academy in Rome (Rome 1997)
The Games at Athens (with Jenifer Neils), ASCSA (Princeton 2003)
Selected articles
“Eurykleides I of Kephisia and the Office of Hoplite General in Athens,” pp. 291–298 in ΑΞΩΝ Studies in Honor of Ronald S. Stroud edd. A. P. Matthaiou and N. Papzarkadas (Athens 2015)
“Agora I 6701: A Panathenaic Victor List of ca. 190 B.C.,” Hesperia 84, 2015, 713-721
“The Dramatic Festival Inscriptions of Athens: The Inscribers and Phases of Inscribing,” Hesperia 84, 2015, 553-581
“The Hands of IG I3 421-430, the so-called Attic Stelai,” pp. 259–284 in ΑΘΗΝΑΙΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Studies in honour of Harold B. Mattingly edd. A. P. Matthaiou and R. K. Pitt (Athens 2014)
“Athens in Crisis: The Second Macedonian War,” pp. 13–26 in Ancient Documents and their Contexts edd. J Bodel and N. Dimitrova (Leiden 2014)
“Down Dating Some Athenian Decrees with Three-Bar Sigma: A Paleographic Approach,” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 190, 2014, 105-115
“The Wrongful Execution of the Hellenotamiai (Antiphon 5.69-71) and the Lapis Primus,” Classical Philology 109, 2014, 1-10
“The Study of Hands on Greek Inscriptions: The Need for a Digital Approach” (with C. Papaodysseus), AJA 113, 2009, 99-102
“The Statue Bases of Praxiteles Found in Athens,” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 167, 2008, 27-32
“A New List of Athenian Ephebes and a New Archon of Athens” (with V. Bardani), Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 163, 2007, 75-80
“Identifying Hands on Ancient Athenian Inscriptions: First Steps towards a Digital Approach” (with C. Papaodysseus, P. Roussopoulos, M. Panagopoulos, D. Frgoulis, D. Dafi, and Th. Panagopoulos), Archaeometry 49, 2007, 749-764
“Games at the Lesser Panathenaia?,” pages 53–57 in O. Palagia and A. Choremi-Spetsieri (eds.), The Panathenaic Games (Oxford, 2007)
“Antigonos Gonatas, King of Athens,” pages 56–60 in The Macedonians in Athens 322 – 229 B.C. (Oxford 2003)
“A Major Athenian Letter-Cutter of ca. 410 to ca. 380: The Cutter of IG II2 17,” pages 351 to 363 in Gestures: Essays Presented to Alan L. Boegehold (Oxford 2003)
“Herodotus and Xanthippus, Father of Pericles” 315-319 in Noctes Atticae Festschrift for J. Mejer (Copenhagen 2002)
"Dating Athenian Inscriptions: A New Approach," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 144, 2000, 67-76
“The dedicatory inscription to Trajan at the ‘metropolis’ of Petra,” Journal of Roman Archaeology, Suppl. Series 31 (1999) 51-58
"New and Old Panathenaic Victor Lists," Hesperia 60 (1991), 187-236 (with Ch. Habicht). Reprinted in Ch. Habicht, Athen in Hellenistischer Zeit (Munich 1994) 73-139
Further reading
Studies in Greek epigraphy and history in honor of Stephen V. Tracy. Edited by Gary Reger, Francis X. Ryan, & Timothy F. Winters. Paris: Ausonius, 2010.
Living people
1941 births
American classical scholars
Harvard University alumni
Ohio State University faculty |
6969587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20intensely%20fluorescent%20cell | Small intensely fluorescent cell | Small intensely fluorescent cells (SIF cells) are the interneurons of the sympathetic ganglia (postganglionic neurons) of the Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The neurotransmitter for these cells is dopamine. They are a neural crest derivative and share a common sympathoadrenal precursor cell with sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla).
Although an autonomic ganglion is the site where pregangllonlc fibers synapse on postganglionic neurons, the presence of small interneurons has been recognized. These cells exhibit catecholamine fluorescence and are referred to as small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells. In some ganglia, these intemeurons receive preganglionic cholinergic fibers and may modulate ganglionic transmission. In other ganglia, they receive collateral branches and may serve some Integrative function. Many SIF cells contain dopamine, which Is thought to be their transmitter.[1]
Cell biology
[1] < https://shop.lww.com/Snell-s-Clinical-Neuroanatomy/p/9781496346759 > |
35613074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Charities%20and%20Not-for-profits%20Commission | Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission | The Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission (ACNC) is the regulatory authority for charities and not-for-profit organisations within Australia. The Commission was established in December 2012 as part of the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission Act 2012 passed by the federal parliament, and is responsible for registering charities and non-profit organisations, ensuring their compliance with Australian law, and for keeping a public register of registered organisations.
Purpose and responsibilities
The ACNC was created to achieve three fundamental goals towards improving charities and not-for-profits:
maintain, protect, and enhance public trust and confidence in the Australian not-for-profit sector
support and sustain a robust, vibrant, independent, and innovative not-for-profit sector
promote the reduction of unnecessary regulatory obligations on the sector.
As part of this, the ACNC is responsible for managing charity and not-for-profit registrations, supporting organisations in being compliant with Australian regulation, and demonstrating the importance of charities and not-for-profits to the public. In this, the Commission works with state and territory governments and agencies to standardise legislation and regulation across the nation. The ACNC also operates a public register of charities or not-for-profits, the ACNC Charity Register, which lists organisation details, their purpose, as well as financial matters and any regulatory history.
The ACNC also publishes an annual review of the sector, The Australian Charities Report.
Fundraising
The ACNC is also responsible for overseeing all fundraising activities by Australian charities and profits. Despite this, the Commission can only take regulatory action against organisations in limited circumstances. Instead, most regulatory action is done by state and territory agencies, and some federal agencies (ASIC, ORIC, ACCC. and the ATO). When fundraising, organisations have several obligations under Australian Consumer Law. Charities and not-for-profits must not be misleading, deceptive, or demonstrate unconscionable behaviour, nor make false or misleading representations in relation to the supply of 'goods and services'.
History
The ACNC was established under Chapter 5 of the federal Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission Act 2012, which received assent on 3 December 2012.
On 16 June 2014, a parliamentary report of the Australian Senate's Standing Committees on Economics recommended that the ACNC be abolished to "relieve the regulatory burden from many charities", and instead form a National Centre for Excellence as an "advocate for the sector and a leader in innovation". The bill lapsed in April 2016 in the House of Representatives.
On 4 March 2016, Minister of Social Services, Christian Porter and Minister for Small Business and Assistant Treasurer, Kelly O'Dwyer, announced that the ACNC would continue.
In a move criticised by some charities, the Turnbull Government appointed former Labor politician Gary Johns as Commissioner of the ACNC. Johns has been known for criticising the role of charities and the amount of government funding provided to them.
In 2017, the Treasury completed a review of the legislation enabling the ACNC five years after the Commission began. Chaired by Patrick McClure, the review was tabled on 22 August 2018 and was welcomed and responded to by the ACNC on 6 March 2020.
See also
Treasury, the Commission's parent department
References
External links
Commonwealth Government agencies of Australia
2012 establishments in Australia
Government agencies established in 2012
Regulatory authorities of Australia
Charity regulators |
859275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement%20%28geometry%29 | Displacement (geometry) | In geometry and mechanics, a displacement is a vector whose length is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P undergoing motion. It quantifies both the distance and direction of the net or total motion along a straight line from the initial position to the final position of the point trajectory. A displacement may be identified with the translation that maps the initial position to the final position.
A displacement may be also described as a relative position (resulting from the motion), that is, as the final position of a point relatively to its initial position . The corresponding displacement vector can be defined as the difference between the final and initial positions:
In considering motions of objects over time, the instantaneous velocity of the object is the rate of change of the displacement as a function of time. The instantaneous speed, then, is distinct from velocity, or the time rate of change of the distance travelled along a specific path. The velocity may be equivalently defined as the time rate of change of the position vector. If one considers a moving initial position, or equivalently a moving origin (e.g. an initial position or origin which is fixed to a train wagon, which in turn moves on its rail track), the velocity of P (e.g. a point representing the position of a passenger walking on the train) may be referred to as a relative velocity, as opposed to an absolute velocity, which is computed with respect to a point which is considered to be 'fixed in space' (such as, for instance, a point fixed on the floor of the train station).
For motion over a given interval of time, the displacement divided by the length of the time interval defines the average velocity, which is a vector, and differs thus from the average speed, which is a scalar quantity.
Rigid body
In dealing with the motion of a rigid body, the term displacement may also include the rotations of the body. In this case, the displacement of a particle of the body is called linear displacement (displacement along a line), while the rotation of the body is called angular displacement.
Derivatives
For a position vector that is a function of time , the derivatives can be computed with respect to . The first two derivatives are frequently encountered in physics.
Velocity
Acceleration
Jerk
These common names correspond to terminology used in basic kinematics. By extension, the higher order derivatives can be computed in a similar fashion. Study of these higher order derivatives can improve approximations of the original displacement function. Such higher-order terms are required in order to accurately represent the displacement function as a sum of an infinite series, enabling several analytical techniques in engineering and physics. The fourth order derivative is called jounce.
See also
Displacement field (mechanics)
Equipollence (geometry)
Motion vector
Position vector
Affine space
References
Motion (physics)
Length
Vector physical quantities
Geometric measurement
Kinematic properties |
4783208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traisen | Traisen | Traisen can refer to:
Germany:
Traisen, Germany, a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Austria:
Traisen (river), a river in Lower Austria, Austria
Traisen, Austria, a town in Lower Austria, named after River Traisen
See also
Traiskirchen, Austria
Traismauer, Austria, named after River Traisen |
40895067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issa%20Sarr | Issa Sarr | Issa Sarr (born 9 October 1986) is a Senegalese professional footballer who currently plays for South African club Uthongathi.
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Association football midfielders
Sportspeople from Thiès
Senegalese footballers
ASC Diaraf players
AS Pikine players
Platinum Stars F.C. players
Chippa United F.C. players
Orlando Pirates F.C. players
Uthongathi F.C. players
South African Premier Division players
National First Division players |
55281349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahogo%20no%20Kahoko | Kahogo no Kahoko | (Overprotected Kahoko) is a 2017 Japanese television drama, starring Mitsuki Takahata, Ryoma Takeuchi, Hitomi Kuroki and Saburō Tokitō. It aired on every Wednesday at 22:00 (JST) on NTV from July 12 to September 13, 2017.
Cast
Mitsuki Takahata as Kahoko Nemoto
Hitomi Kuroki as Izumi Nemoto
Saburō Tokitō as Masataka Nemoto
Ryoma Takeuchi as Hajime Mugino
Tokuma Nishioka as Fukushi Namiki
Yoshiko Mita as Shodai Namiki
Mari Nishio as Takashi Namiki
Atom Shukugawa as Atsushi Namiki
Hiroko Nakajima as Tamaki Namiki
Jiro Sato as Mamoru Namiki
Sayu Kubota as Ito Namiki
Masayo Umezawa as Tae Nemoto
Sei Hiraizumi as Masaoki Nemoto
Mari Hamada as Noriko Nemoto
References
External links
Japanese drama television series
2017 Japanese television series debuts
2017 Japanese television series endings
Nippon TV dramas |
19215385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9%20Havard | René Havard | René Havard (20 December 1923 – 7 December 1987) was a French film actor. He appeared in 80 films between 1946 and 1985. He was born and died in Paris, France.
Selected filmography
On ne meurt pas comme ça (1946) - L'assistant
La bataille du feu (1949)
Follow That Man (1953) - Un inspecteur
Le Guérisseur (1953) - Un interne
The Unfrocked One (1954) - Un officier
Quai des blondes (1954)
The Sheep Has Five Legs (1954) - Le liftier
Poisson d'avril (1954) - L'examinateur
Marchandes d'illusions (1954) - Le souteneur
Huis clos (1954) - Un soldat
Interdit de séjour (1955)
Les pépées font la loi (1955) - Calamart
Série noire (1955) - Rinaldo
Escale à Orly (1955) - André
Sophie et le crime (1955) - Tony
Gueule d'ange (1955) - Caniche
Les indiscrètes (1956) - Maurice
Les pépées au service secret (1956) - Calamar / Sébastien / Le clochard
Bob le flambeur (1956) - Inspecteur Morin
The Mountain (1956) - Radio Operator in Van (uncredited)
Crime et châtiment (1956) - L'inspecteur Noblet
L'Homme et l'Enfant (1956) - Un complice de Zajir
Les violents (1957) - Inspecteur Damien
Les Suspects (1957) - Un technicien sud-tunisien
La Polka des menottes (1957) - Roger Le Chinois
Oeil pour oeil (1957) - L'interne
Paris clandestin (1957) - Ernest
Ces dames préfèrent le mambo (1957) - Le timonier de l'Alizée
Police judiciaire (1958) - Cassou
Cigarettes, Whiskey and Wild Women (1959) - Fernand
The Indestructible (1959) - Loulou
La Valse du Gorille (1959) - Le chimiste
Babette Goes to War (1959) - Louis
Rue des prairies (1959) - Le photographe
The Cow and I (1959) - Vicomte Bussière - prisonnier de guerre
Le Panier à crabes (1960) - Le premier assistant
Le Dernier Quart d'heure (1962) - L'inspecteur Moret
Gigot (1962) - Albert
À couteaux tirés (1964) - Bobby
Lost Command (1966) - Fernand
Line of Demarcation (1966) - Loiseau
It's Your Move (1969)
L'Auvergnat et l'Autobus (1969) - Petit rôle (uncredited)
Les patates (1969) - Lulu
L'amour (1970) - Le chauffard
Vogue la galère (1973) - Petit Rouquier
Innocents with Dirty Hands (1975) - (uncredited)
Les demoiselles à péage (1975)
Les Mal Partis (1976) - Le curé du village
Gloria (1977) - Le chauffeur de taxi qui a fait la Marne
C'est encore loin l'Amérique? (1980)
Train d'enfer (1985)
References
External links
1923 births
1987 deaths
French male film actors
Male actors from Paris
20th-century French male actors |
61478573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longdon%20Road%20railway%20station | Longdon Road railway station | Longdon Road railway station served the hamlet of Darlingscott, Warwickshire. It was on the branch line from Moreton-in-Marsh to Shipston.
History
The station was originally opened on the Moreton in Marsh and Shipston Tramway, which was converted to a railway in 1889. The railway closed to passengers in 1929 but remained open for freight until 1960. The track has been dismantled.
Present day
The station is now in private ownership. The trackbed has been returned to agricultural use although it has been built on at Shipston-on-Stour end.
References
Longdon Road at warwickshirerailways.com
GWR Route: Moreton-in-Marsh to Shipston-on-Stour
The Shipston-on-Stour Branch by Stanley C Jenkins and Roger Carpenter - Warwickshire Railways
Shipston-on-Stour Branch
Shipston-on-Stour Branch
The Shipston on Stour Branch
Rail Album - Stratford-upon-Avon & Moreton-in-Marsh Railway - Page 3
Disused railway stations in Warwickshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1836
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960 |
21814987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longlane | Longlane | Longlane may be:
Longlane, Berkshire, England
Longlane, Derbyshire, England
Longlane, Missouri a small unincorporated village in Missouri, approximate population of 50, located in Dallas County, 40 miles north of Springfield Missouri, United States
See also
Long Lane (disambiguation) |
29775960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Rutherford%20Operations%20Center | East Rutherford Operations Center | The East Rutherford Operations Center (EROC) at 100 Orchard Street, East Rutherford, New Jersey, is the regional office for cash handling and processing of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The facility, which was constructed by Torcon, features a three-story structure which sits on 13 acres. The structure is designed to house fail-safe operations in a secure environment. The facility also has a state-of-the art automated vault measuring one million cubic feet, used for storing United States currency. The vault can hold at least USD 60 billion.
The center is one of three Federal Reserve Automation Services (FRAS) facilities in the Federal Reserve Banks system. They provide support for mission-critical payment systems. They are the survivors of the FedNet 5-year initiative started in 1990 to reengineer the Federal Reserve's fund transfer system, and consolidate twelve data centers into 3.
If operations at East Rutherford fail, then the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond serve as backup, with the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas as secondary backup.
In 2000, the facility processed 1.39 billion checks, and USD$320 billion. The center's bank check processing unit was shut down in 2006 as part of the Federal Reserve’s check restructuring process due to more checks being processed digitally. Check processing operations were moved to the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
FedWire
The Fedwire is real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system that operates from 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time (ET) to 6:30 p.m and allows its subscribing 11,000 institutions to transfer funds. The Fedwire service is operated by the Federal Reserve Information Technology (FRIT) facility at EROC. Fedwire also houses the primary (XRF) backup facility with the secondary backup facility in Cleveland.
See also
Clearing House Interbank Payments System (CHIPS)
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)
References
East Rutherford, New Jersey
Federal Reserve System
Buildings and structures in Bergen County, New Jersey
Buildings of the United States government |
40848802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittora | Chittora | Chittora is a village and revenue block (ILRC) in Phagi Tehsil in Jaipur district, Rajasthan.
Based on a 2011 census, Chittora has a total population of 3,170 (53.53% male, 46.47% female) distributed among 392 households. The total area of the village is 23.69 km2.
References
Villages in Jaipur district |
20941842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%20willing | God willing | God willing is a phrase that could mean:
"If the Lord wills", an expression found in James 4 in the Christian Bible.
Deo volente, Latin phrase signed at the end of a letter wishing for the safe arrival of the letter
Insha'Allah, Arabic phrase used when referring to future events
God Willing (2006 film), 2006 Swedish film
God Willing (2015 film), 2015 Italian film
God Willing (soundtrack), soundtrack to the 2006 Swedish film
God Will'n, mixtape by American rapper Juelz Santana
"God Willing", a song by Lowgold from Keep Music Miserable
"God Willing", a song by Pet Shop Boys from Fundamental |
48394918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur%20Murs | Mur Murs | Mur Murs (, French for "wall walls", also punning on English "murmurs") is a 1980 documentary film directed by Agnès Varda. The film explores the murals of Los Angeles, California.
Subject and style
The vast majority of the scenes of the film are shots of murals, all of which are located in the city of Los Angeles, often with the mural's painter or model staged in front of the mural for dramatic effect. The film alternates between voiceover narration by Agnès Varda and commentary about the murals provided by the murals' creators, as well as commentary provided by locals living in the area. The film also includes several musical performances, including by Chicano punk band Los Illegals.
A significant amount of the film's attention is focused on work by Chicano artists, although artists from other backgrounds are also covered extensively. The film also dwells on the role of state violence, both as it affects the communities the murals are situated in and the murals themselves.
The film's title is a pun: literally "Wall Walls" in French, Varda suggests that the murals on the walls are in fact murmuring to each other.
Production and release
Mur Murs was produced by Varda alongside Documenteur: An Emotion Picture, a drama film about a French woman living in Los Angeles, set against the same murals that are the subject of Mur Murs and starring several of the people who worked on Mur Murs.
The film was screened at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.
Reception and legacy
A contemporary review in The New York Times written for a screening of the film at a film festival described the film as "lively and energetic".
In a review published by Film School Rejects about a Criterion Collection box set of Agnès Varda's films shot in California, Farah Cheded describes Mur Murs's as having "perfect composition" in its depiction of "dazzlingly painted" walls.
See also
Asco (art collective)
Kent Twitchell
Mexican muralism
Judy Baca
Harry Gamboa Jr.
References
External links
Mur Murs Criterion Collection entry
1980 films
French films
Documentary films about Los Angeles
Films directed by Agnès Varda |
38814844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seghin%2C%20Rabor | Seghin, Rabor | Seghin (, also Romanized as Şeghīn, Saghīn, Seghīn, Soghīn, and Sagheyn; also known as Sagin, Sakhang, Saqīnak, Saqīnk, Seh Ghenk, and Shaghīn) is a village in Hanza Rural District, Hanza District, Rabor County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 32, in 12 families.
References
Populated places in Rabor County |
54054066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROSTA%20posters | ROSTA posters | ROSTA Posters (also known as ROSTA Windows, , ROSTA being an acronym for the Russian Telegraph Agency, the state news agency from 1918 to 1935) were a propagandistic medium of communication used in the Soviet Union to communicate important messages and instill specific beliefs and ideology within the minds of the masses.
Emergence
Style
Rosta posters were easily identifiable by their context and distinct style.
Agitprop
The basis for the content of ROSTA posters was political messages from the Soviet Union, sometimes referred to as agitprop. Agitprop is political propaganda, especially the communist propaganda used in Soviet Russia, that is spread to the general public through popular media such as literature, plays, pamphlets, films, and other art forms with an explicitly political message.
Examples
References
Ward, Alex (2008). Power to the People: Early Soviet Propaganda Posters in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem. London, UK, Ashgate,
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
Propaganda posters |
4007691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20River%2C%20South%20Australia | American River, South Australia | American River is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located on the western shore of Eastern Cove on Kangaroo Island.
History
The area now known as American River was first visited by Europeans in 1802 when Matthew Flinders landed to survey this part of Kangaroo Island. In 1803, a group of American sealers camped for four months in the area. They arrived on the brig and built their own 35 ton schooner Independence from local timber. The town takes its name from this time. A memorial plaque and accompanying anchor (recovered in 1969) from an early American whaling vessel is dedicated to Union s crew.
Frank Potts was the first official settler in 1842, before moving to the mainland and establishing the Bleasdale vineyard and winery at Langhorne Creek. John Buick, a professional boat builder, built the first house in the town in 1844. It was fashioned out of local stone, pug and sput timber and remained standing until 1985.
Somewhat erroneously, the waters of Eastern Cove, upon which the township is located, have been referred to as American River, compounding the illusion that the township is connected in any way with a river.
A fish canning factory existed for a few years from the late 1890s, remnants of which may still be found on the shore north of the town proper. Gypsum was mined at Flour Cask Bay, later at Pelican Lagoon and trucked to nearby Ballast Head, from 1956 until 1986.
Until the 1980s the town was serviced regularly by the ketches Falie, Nelcebee (last service 15 April 1982) and Ulonga, operated by R. Fricker & Co. Consequently, on cessation of this service the wharf area for some time was a redundant commercial facility, resulting in the removal of several buildings and fuel facilities. Recently however, the advent of oyster farming has seen new shedding erected and increased activity, in harmony with recreational boating activities.
The population has increased steadily in recent years, while nearby hamlets in the vicinity of Eastern Cove, such as Island Beach and Baudin Beach, South Australia have become more prominent.
Electricity supply to American River was only made permanent in 1967.
Tourism
The town looks out over Pelican Lagoon, which is a popular place for birdwatching, kayaking and boating, though fishing within the lagoon is prohibited.
The establishment of guest houses at American River in the early part of the 20th century were the forerunner of today's tourism industry on Kangaroo Island. Ryberg, Lierich, and Linnett, are names synonymous with the development of tourism at American River.
Nils Ryberg, a Swedish born immigrant, settled at American River in 1884, and ten years later built the original "Ryberg House" on the site of the present Kangaroo Island Lodge, exclusively for tourist accommodation.
Ryberg added to the building over several years, before selling to John and Valerie Linnett in 1913. Ryberg House was completely rebuilt in 1928, and remains today. Fishing trips were an integral part of the business, with three boats, Warrigal, Linnette and Linnette 2 comprising the fleet which operated until 1985.
The business was operated until John Linnett's death in 1955, after which time his four sons, Keith, Lionel, Leon and Gordon continued under the name of Linnetts Pleasure Resort.
Leon Linnett assumed sole proprietorship in 1971, expanding the resort with the erection of several new wings and refurbishing the reception, administration and restaurant areas in 1980, when the resort became known as Linnetts Island Club.
Leon Linnett sold the property in the late 1990s to an Adelaide-based consortium that trades under the name Kangaroo Island Lodge.
Facilities
The town supports a Country Fire Service brigade and South Australian Ambulance Service depot. An active sports and community association maintains a focal point for weekly meals and community awareness, whilst an annual fishing competition, normally held at Easter, is popular. There is a small store and post office, providing most postal services (limited banking) on Buick Drive. There is also a small cafe and gift shop located at the wharf which is open from 10.00am to 3.00pm daily.
An extensive wharf with mooring facilities for large commercial fishing boats was completed in 1964. A new, triple berth boat ramp with floating pontoons was completed in July 2008.
In recent years several new land subdivisions have seen increased development within the township, highlighting the need for improved effluent disposal and water supply. A Community Wastewater Management Scheme was implemented in 2009.
Transport
Since the withdrawal of services by ketches to American River, there has been no direct freight service.
During the 1980s, there was a passenger ferry service operated by John and Ann Hamlyn between Cape Jervis and American River, using the mono hulled Valerie Jane.
Air services were operated for a number of years by Emu Airways, utilising a privately owned airstrip located to the north of the township. Air Transport regulations subsequently rendered the airstrip unsuitable for commercial flights. An accommodation venue at nearby Muston publicises access via an alternative, private air strip.
See also
Pelican Lagoon
References
External links
Kangaroo Island
American River
Towns on Kangaroo Island
Populated places established in 1842
Coastal towns in South Australia
1842 establishments in Australia
Seal hunting |
31190217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Kashima%20Antlers%20season | 1995 Kashima Antlers season | 1995 Kashima Antlers season
Review and events
League results summary
League results by round
Competitions
Domestic results
J.League
Emperor's Cup
Player statistics
† player(s) joined the team after the opening of this season.
Transfers
In:
Out:
Transfers during the season
In
Carlos Mozer (from Benfica on July)
Mazinho (from Flamengo on September)
Out
Santos (to Shimizu S-Pulse on August)
Ryūzō Morioka (to Shimizu S-Pulse)
Awards
J.League Best XI: Naoki Soma
Notes
References
Other pages
J. League official site
Kashima Antlers official site
Kashima Antlers
Kashima Antlers seasons |
59687450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Got%20Stripes | I Got Stripes | "I Got Stripes" is a song recorded by Johnny Cash.
The Cash's version is credited to him and Charlie Williams, but they borrowed from a song by Lead Belly titled "On a Monday".
Lead Belly's original, also known as "Yellow Women's Door Bells" and "Almost Done", was recorded and released by him in 1939 and reflected his "prison experiences".
Johnny Cash version
The song was recorded by Cash on March 12, 1959 and released as a single in July, with "Five Feet High and Rising" (another song from the same recording session) on the opposite side.
According to Robert Hilburn and his book Johnny Cash: The Life, "I Got Stripes" is a "raucous prison tale" written by Johnny Cash and Charlie Williams, a DJ from Los Angeles and Cash's friend. They borrowed from a song by Lead Belly titled "On a Monday".
Charts
References
Lead Belly songs
Johnny Cash songs
1939 songs
1959 songs
1959 singles
Songs written by Johnny Cash
Columbia Records singles
Songs about prison |
12008039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visitor%20management | Visitor management | Visitor management refers to tracking the usage of a public building or site. By gathering this information, a Visitor Management System can record the usage of facilities by specific visitors and provide documentation of visitor's whereabouts.
Proponents of an information rich visitor management system point to increased security, particularly in schools, as one benefit. As more parents demand action from schools that will protect children from sexual predators, some school districts are turning to modern visitor management systems that not only track a visitor's stay, but also check the visitor's information against national and local criminal databases.
Visitor management technologies
Computer visitor management systems
Basic computer or electronic visitor management systems use a computer network to monitor and record visitor information and are commonly hosted on an iPad or a touchless kiosk.
An electronic visitor management system improves upon most of the negative points of a pen and paper system. Visitor ID can be checked against national and local databases, as well as in-house databases for potential security problems.
Visitor management software as a service
Another alternative to visitor management software is an on-line, web based visitor management system offered as a service. SaaS visitor management software for schools allows administrators to screen visitors upon entrance, often checking for sex offender status, and restrict access to unauthorized entrants. SaaS visitor management software for the real estate industry allows landlords and managers to remotely control and monitor access rights without the need to pass physical keys and keycards to new tenants. SaaS visitor management software for commercial offices allows facilities managers to automate their building's reception area with advocates of this type of system claiming a variety of benefits, including both security and privacy. Many modern SaaS visitor management systems are tablet-based apps, and are thin client solutions operating software as a service in the cloud.
Visitor management systems on smart phones
Smart phone based visitor management system work similar to a web based system, but hosts can get real-time notifications or alerts on their device. Hosts can allow or deny visit to guest based on their interest or availability.
Smart phone based visitor management systems also enable features like automatic and touchless sign-in using technologies that include QR codes and geofencing.
Integrations with other systems
Visitor management systems offer integration with other workplace management systems, such as access control and Wi-Fi credentials.
Types of Visitor Management Systems
Pen and Paper-based system
On-Premise Software
Cloud-based software
See also
Access control
Optical turnstile
Identity document
Proximity card
Boom barrier
Cross-device tracking
References
External links
Access control
Security |
15130265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonisation%20of%20Africa | Colonisation of Africa | The history of external colonisation of Africa can be dated back from ancient, medieval, or modern history, depending on how the term colonisation is defined.
Ancient Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Malays all established colonies on the African continent, some of which endured centuries. In popular parlance, discussions of colonialism in Africa usually focus on the European conquests of the New Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa (1884-1914) era, followed by gradual decolonisation after World War II. The principal powers involved in the modern colonisation of Africa are Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Italy. In nearly all African countries today, the language used in government and media is the one imposed by a recent colonial power, though most people speak their native African languages.
History of Africa
In ancient times, people from Southern Europe and Western Asia colonised North Africa, while people from Southeast Asia colonised Madagascar.
In the Middle Ages, North and East Africa was further colonised by people from Western Asia.
In the Modern Era, Western Europeans colonised all parts of the continent, culminating in the Scramble for Africa in the late 19th century.
Ancient and Medieval colonisation
North Africa experienced colonisation from Europe and Western Asia in the early historical period, particularly Greeks and Phoenicians.
Under Egypt's Pharaoh Amasis (570–526 BC) a Greek mercantile colony was established at Naucratis, some 50 miles from the later Alexandria. Greeks also colonised Cyrenaica around the same time. There was also an attempt in 513 BC to establish a Greek colony between Cyrene and Carthage, which resulted in the combined local and Carthaginian expulsion two years later of the Greek colonists.
Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) founded Alexandria during his conquest of Egypt. This became one of the major cities of Hellenistic and Roman times, a trading and cultural centre as well as a military headquarters and communications hub.
Phoenicians established a number of colonies along the coast of North Africa. Some of these were founded relatively early. Utica, for example, was founded c. 1100 BC. Carthage, which means New City, has a traditional foundation date of 814 BC. It was established in what is now Tunisia and became a major power in the Mediterranean by the 4th century BC. The Carthaginians themselves sent out expeditions to explore and establish colonies along Africa's Atlantic coast. A surviving account of such is that of Hanno, which Harden who quotes it places at c. 425 BC.
Carthage encountered and struggled with the Romans. After the third and final war between them, the Third Punic War (150–146 BC), Rome completely destroyed Carthage. Scullard mentions plans by such as Gaius Gracchus in the late 2nd century BC, Julius Caesar and Augustus in the mid- and late 1st century BC to establish a new Roman colony near the same site. This was established and under Augustus served as the capital city of African continent Roman province of Africa.
Gothic Vandals briefly established a kingdom there in the 5th century, which shortly thereafter fell to the Romans again, this time the Byzantines. The whole of Roman/Byzantine North Africa eventually fell to the Arabs in the 7th century.
Arabs introduced the Arabic language and Islam in the early Medieval period, while the Malay people introduced varieties of their language to Madagascar even earlier.
The oldest modern European founded city on the
African continent is Cape Town, which was founded by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, as a halfway stop for passing European ships sailing to the east.
Early modern period
Early European expeditions by the Portuguese concentrated on colonising previously uninhabited islands such as the Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé Island, or establishing coastal forts as a base for trade. The Spanish also established possessions of the Canary Islands off the West African Coast, and Equatorial Guinea, Ceuta and Melilla on the African mainland before 1830.
Scramble for Africa
Established empires, notably Britain, France, Spain and Portugal had already claimed coastal areas but had not penetrated deeply inland. Europeans controlled one tenth of Africa, primarily along the Mediterranean and in the far South. A significant early proponent of colonising inland was King Leopold of Belgium, who oppressed the Congo as his own private domain until 1908. The 1885 Berlin Conference, initiated by Otto von Bismarck to establish international guidelines and avoiding violent disputes among European Powers, formalized the "New Imperialism". This allowed the imperialists to move inland, with relatively few disputes among themselves. The only serious threat of inter-Imperial violence came in the Fashoda Incident of 1898 between Britain and France; It was settled without significant military violence between the colonising countries. Between 1870 and 1914 Europe acquired almost 23,000,000 sq. km —one-fifth of the land area of the globe—to its overseas colonial possessions.
Imperialism generated self-esteem across Europe. The Allies of World War I and World War II made extensive use of African labour and soldiers during the wars.
In terms of administrative styles, "[t]he French, the Portuguese, the Germans and the Belgians exercised a highly centralised type of administration called 'direct rule.'" The British by contrast sought to rule by identifying local power holders and encouraging or forcing them to administer for the British Empire. This was indirect rule.
France ruled from Paris, appointing chiefs individually without considering traditional criteria, but rather loyalty to France. France established two large colonial federations in Africa, French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa. France appointed the state officials, passed laws and had to approve any measures passed by colonial assemblies.
Local groups in German East Africa resisted German enforced labour and taxation. In the Abushiri revolt, the Germans were almost driven out of the area in 1888. A decade later the colony seemed conquered, though, "It had been a long-drawn-out struggle and inland administration centres were in reality little more than a series of small military fortresses." In 1905, the Germans were astonished by the widely supported Maji Maji Rebellion. This resistance was at first successful. However, within a year, the insurrection was suppressed by reinforcing troops armed with machine guns. German attempts to seize control in Southwest Africa also produced ardent resistance, which was very forcefully repressed leading to the Herero and Namaqua Genocide.
King Leopold II of Belgium called his vast private colony the Congo Free State. His barbaric treatment of the Africans sparked a strong international protest and the European powers forced him to relinquish control of the colony to the Belgian Parliament.
Vincent Khapoya notes the significant attention colonial powers paid to the economics of colonisation. This included: acquisition of land, often enforced labour, the introduction of cash crops, sometimes even to the neglect of food crops, changing inter-African trading patterns of pre-colonial times, the introduction of labourers from India, etc. and the continuation of Africa as a source of raw materials for European industry. Colonial powers later focused on abolishing slavery, developing infrastructure, and improving health and education.
Decolonisation
Khapoya notes the significant resistance of powers faced to their domination in Africa. Technical superiority enabled conquest and control. Pro-independence Africans recognised the value of European education in dealing with Europeans in Africa. Some Africans established their own churches. Africans also noticed the unequal evidence of gratitude they received for their efforts to support Imperialist countries during the world wars.
Khapoya also notes that while European imposed borders did not correspond to traditional territories, such new territories provided entities to focus efforts by movements for increased political voice up to independence. Among local groups so concerned were professionals such as lawyers and doctors, the petite bourgeoisie (clerks, teachers, small merchants), urban workers, cash crop farmers, peasant farmers, etc. Trade unions and other initially non-political associations evolved into political movements.
Khapoya describes the differences in gaining independence by British and French colonies. Britain sought to follow a process of gradual transfer of power. The French policy of assimilation faced some resentment, especially in North Africa. Shillington describes the granting of independence in March 1956 to Morocco and Tunisia to allow concentration on Algeria where there was a long (1954–62) and bloody armed struggle to achieve independence. Khapoya writes that when President de Gaulle in 1958 held a referendum in its African colonies on the issue, only Guinea voted for outright independence. Nevertheless, in 1959 France amended the constitution to allow other colonies this option.
As Shillington describes farmers in British East Africa were upset by attempts to take their land and to impose agricultural methods against their wishes and experience. In Tanganyika, Julius Nyerere exerted influence not only among Africans, united by the common Swahili language, but also on some white leaders whose disproportionate voice under a racially weighted constitution was significant. He became the leader of an independent Tanganyika in 1961. In Kenya, whites had evicted African tenant farmers in the 1930s; since the '40s there has been conflict, which intensified in 1952. By 1955, Britain had suppressed the revolt, and by 1960 Britain accepted the principle of African majority rule. Kenya became independent three years later.
Shillington vividly portrays Belgium's initial opposition to independence, the demands by some urban Africans, the 1957 & 1958 local elections meant to calm this dissatisfaction, the general unrest that swept the colony, the rapid granting of independence and the civil strife that ensued.
The main period of decolonisation in Africa began after World War II. Growing independence movements, indigenous political parties and trade unions coupled with pressure from within the imperialist powers and from the United States and the Soviet Union ensured the decolonisation of the majority of the continent by 1980. While some areas, in particular, South Africa and Namibia retain a large population of European descent. Only the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla are any part of mainland Africa that is still governed by a European country. While the islands of Réunion and Mayotte, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan Da Cunha, the Canary Islands and Madeira all remain under either French, British, Spanish, or Portuguese control, the latter two of which were never part of any African polity and have an overwhelmingly European population.
Theoretical frameworks
The theory of colonialism addresses the problems and consequences of the colonisation of a country, and there has been much research conducted exploring these concepts.
Walter Rodney
Guyanese historian and activist Walter Rodney (1942-1980) proposes in the book How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Africa was pillaged and plundered by the West through economic exploitation. Using a Marxist analysis, He opines that as Europe was being developed, Africa was being underdeveloped via resource extraction. His conclusion is that the structure of present-day Africa and Europe can through a comparative analysis be traced to the Atlantic slave trade and colonialism. He includes a gendered analysis and states the rights of African women were further diminished during colonialism.
Mahmood Mamdani
Mahmood Mamdani wrote his book Citizen and Subject in 1996. The main point of his argument is that the colonial state in Africa took the form of a bifurcated state, "two forms of power under a single hegemonic authority". The colonial state in Africa was divided into two. One state for the colonial European population and one state for the indigenous population. The colonial power was mainly in urban towns and cities and were served by elected governments. The indigenous power was found in rural villages and were ruled by tribal authority, which seemed to be more in keeping with their history and tradition. Mamdani mentions that in urban areas, native institutions were not recognised. The natives, who were portrayed as uncivilised by the Europeans, were excluded from the rights of citizenship. The division of the colonial state created a racial segregation between the European 'citizen' and African 'subject', and a division between institutions of government.
Achille Mbembe
Achille Mbembe is a Cameroonian historian, political theorist, and philosopher who has written and theorized extensively on life in the colony and postcolony. His 2000 book, On the Postcolony, critically examines postcolonial life in Africa and is a prolific work within the field of postcolonialism. It is through this examination of the postcolony that Mbembe reveals the modes through which power was exerted in colonial Africa. He reminds the reader that colonial powers demanded use of African bodies in particularly violent ways for the purpose of labor as well as the shaping of subservient colonised identities.
Through a comparison of power in the colony and postcolony, Mbembe demonstrates that violence in the colony was exerted on African bodies largely for the purpose of labor and submission. European colonial powers sought natural resources in African colonies and needed the requisite labor force to extract them and simultaneously build the colonial city around these industries. Because Europeans viewed native bodies as degenerate and in need of taming, violence was necessary to create a submissive laborer.
Colonisers viewed this violence as necessary and good because it shaped the African into a productive worker. They had the simultaneous goals of utilizing the raw labor and shaping the identity and character of the African. By beating into the African a docile nature, colonisers ultimately shaped and enforced the way Africans could move through colonial spaces. The African’s day-to-day life then became a show of submission done through exercises like public works projects and military conscription.
Mbembe contrasts colonial violence with that of the postcolony. Mbembe demonstrates that violence in the postcolony is cruder and more generally for the purpose of demonstrating raw power. Expressions of excess and exaggeration characterize this violence.
Mbembe's theorization of violence in the colony illuminates the unequal relationship between the coloniser and colonised and reminds us of the violence inflicted on African bodies throughout the process of colonisation. It cannot be understood nor should be taught without the context of this violence.
Stephanie Terreni Brown
Stephanie Terreni Brown is an academic in the field of colonialism. In her 2014 paper she examines how sanitation and dirt is used in colonial narratives through the example of Kampala in Uganda. Writing also about Abjection through sanitation planning in the city and how this plays a key role in this narrative of colonisation.
Brown describes Abjection as the process whereby one group others or dehumanizes another. Those who are deemed Abject are often avoided by others, and seen as inferior. Abjectivication is continually used as a mechanism to dominate a group of people, and control them. In the case of colonialism, she argues that it is used by the west to dominate over and control the indigenous population of Africa.
Abjectivication through discourses of dirt and sanitation are used to draw distinctions between the Western governing figures and the local population. Dirt being seen as something out of place, whilst cleanliness being attributed to the “in group”, the colonisers, and dirt being paralleled with the indigenous people. The reactions of disgust and displeasure to dirt and uncleanliness are often linked social norms and the wider cultural context, shaping the way in which Africa is still thought of today.
Brown discusses how the colonial authorities were only concerned with constructing a working sewage system to cater for the colonials themselves, and weren’t concerned with the Ugandan population. This rhetoric of sanitation is important because it is seen as a key part of modernity and being civilised, which the African population are therefore seen as not being. This lack of sanitation and proper sewage systems add to this discourse of the people of Africa and Africa itself being savages and uncivilised, playing a central role in how the west justified the case of the civilising process. Brown refers to this process of abjectification using discourses of dirt as a physical and material legacy of colonialism that is still very much present in Kampala and other African cities today.
Critique
Critical theory on the colonisation of Africa is largely unified in a condemnation of imperial activities. Postcolonial theory has been derived from this anti-colonial/anti-imperial concept and writers such as Mbembe, Mamdani and Brown, and many more, have used it as a narrative for their work on the colonisation of Africa.
Postcolonial geographers are consistent with the notion that colonialism, although maybe not in such clear-cut forms, is still concurrent today. Both Mbembe, Mamdani and Brown’s theories have a consistent theme of the indigenous Africans having been treated as uncivilised, second class citizens and that in many former colonial cities this has continued into the present day with a switch from race to wealth divide.
Mbembe is one of the most prominent writers within the field and this has led to his work being reviewed by numerous academics. On the Postcolony has faced criticism from academics such as Meredith Terreta for focusing too much on specific African nations such as Cameroon. Echoes of this criticism can also be found when looking at the work of Mamdani with his theories questioned for generalising across an Africa that, in reality, was colonised in very different ways, by fundamentally different European imperial ideologies. In contrast to Mbembe and Mamdani, Brown is a less prominent writer and one whose work is yet to be reviewed by other academics meaning it is currently harder to grasp what academic theoretical critiques could be brought against her work.
See also
Economic history of Africa
Neocolonialism
Third world
White African
Notes
Works cited
Further reading
Gann, Lewis H. Colonialism in Africa, 1870-1960 (1969) Online
Hoskins, H.L. European imperialism in Africa (1967) online
Michalopoulos, Stelios; Papaioannou, Elias (2020-03-01). "Historical Legacies and African Development." Journal of Economic Literature. 58 (1): 53–128.
Nabudere, D. Wadada. Imperialism in East Africa (2 vol 1981) online
Olson, James S., ed. Historical Dictionary of the British Empire (1996) Online
Olson, James S., ed. Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism (1991) online
Pakenham, Thomas (1992). The Scramble for Africa: the White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 (13th ed.). London: Abacus. .
Phillips, Anne. The enigma of colonialism : British policy in West Africa (1989) Online
External links
Economic Impact of Colonialism
Germany Refuses to Apologize for Herero Holocaust – from Africana.com
Andre Osborn, "Belgium exhumes its colonial demons", The Guardian, 12 July 2002 |
32597441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Lynn%20%28basketball%29 | Mike Lynn (basketball) | Michael Edward Lynn (born November 25, 1945) is an American former professional basketball player. He won two NCAA championships playing college basketball for the UCLA Bruins, then played professionally for two seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Lynn, a 6'7 forward from Covina High School in Covina, California, played for UCLA from 1964 to 1968. He won a championship as a sophomore (1965) and again as a fifth-year senior starter in 1968. Lynn was suspended for the 1966–67 championship year due to legal trouble concerning a credit card reported lost. He was a first-team All-AAWU pick as a junior in 1966.
After his collegiate career ended, Lynn was drafted twice by the NBA – first in the 1967 NBA draft by the San Francisco Warriors (fifth round, #51 overall) and again in the 1968 NBA draft by the Chicago Bulls (fourth round, #39 overall). He played two NBA seasons from 1969 to 1971, his first for the Los Angeles Lakers and his second for the Buffalo Braves. For his career, Lynn averaged 2.6 points and 1.4 rebounds in 49 games.
References
External links
1945 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 1965 NCAA University Division Final Four
Basketball players at the 1968 NCAA University Division Final Four
Basketball players from California
Buffalo Braves expansion draft picks
Buffalo Braves players
Chicago Bulls draft picks
Forwards (basketball)
Los Angeles Lakers players
People from Covina, California
San Francisco Warriors draft picks
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
UCLA Bruins men's basketball players |
37647001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebria%20changbaiensis | Nebria changbaiensis | Nebria changbaiensis is a species of metallic green coloured ground beetle from Nebriinae subfamily that is endemic to Jilin province of China.
Distribution
The species can be found in Changbaishan mountains at the height of . It can also be found on Tianchi waterfall at the height of . The species is long.
References
changbaiensis
Beetles described in 2010
Beetles of Asia
Endemic fauna of China |
64375179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate%20at%20the%202001%20World%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20kumite%2065%20kg | Karate at the 2001 World Games – Men's kumite 65 kg | The men's kumite 65 kg competition in karate at the 2001 World Games took place on 18 August 2001 at the Tenno Town Gymnasium in Tenno, Akita, Japan.
Competition format
A total of 8 athletes entered the competition. In preliminary round they fought in two groups. Winners of this groups advanced to gold medal match. Second place athletes advanced to bronze medal match.
Results
Preliminary round
Group A
Group B
Finals
References
External links
Results on IWGA website
Karate at the 2001 World Games |
28602529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20M.%20McPhillips | Mary M. McPhillips | Mary M. McPhillips is a politician from Middletown, Orange County, New York.
Political career
She entered politics as a Democrat, and was a member of the New York State Assembly (94th D.) from 1983 to 1989, sitting in the 185th, 186th, 187th and 188th New York State Legislatures.
She was County Executive of Orange County from 1990 to 1993; and a presidential elector in 1992.
See also
ONLY MARY WILL DETERMINE IF SHOW GOES ON By Mike Levine, Published: Times Herald-Record 01/15/07
IN THE POLITICAL RING, THE NEXT BOUT COUNTS Mike Levine, Published: Times Herald-Record 01/14/07
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Politicians from Orange County, New York
New York (state) Democrats
Members of the New York State Assembly
Women state legislators in New York (state) |
61790376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endpoint%20detection%20and%20response | Endpoint detection and response | Endpoint detection and response (EDR), also known as endpoint threat detection and response (ETDR), is an information security technology that continually monitors an "endpoint" (e.g. mobile phone, laptop, Internet-of-Things device) to mitigate malicious cyber threats.
History
In 2013, Anton Chuvakin of Gartner coined the term "endpoint threat detection and response" for "tools primarily focused on detecting and investigating suspicious activities (and traces of such) other problems on hosts/endpoints". Now, it is commonly known as "endpoint detection and response".
According to the Endpoint Detection and Response - Global Market Outlook (2017-2026) report, the adoption of cloud-based and on-premises EDR solutions are going to grow 26% annually, and will be valued at $7273.26 million by 2026. According to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Cyber Security Market report by Zion Market Research, the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence will create a $30.9 billion cyber security market by 2025.
In 2020, source code for a widely-used EDR tool was made available by Comodo Cybersecurity as OpenEDR. The Commons Clause license they applied makes it available for free and more trustworthy, but explicitly does not claim to meet the commercial reuse requirements of open-source.
Concept
Endpoint detection and response technology is used to identify suspicious behavior and Advanced Persistent Threats on endpoints in an environment, and alert administrators accordingly. It does this by collecting and aggregating data from endpoints and other sources. That data may or may not be enriched by additional cloud analysis. EDR solutions are primarily an alerting tool rather than a protection layer but functions may be combined depending on the vendor. The data may be stored in a centralized database or forwarded to a SIEM tool.
Every EDR platform has its unique set of capabilities. However, some common capabilities include the monitoring of endpoints in both the online and offline mode, responding to threats in real-time, increasing visibility and transparency of user data, detecting stored endpoint events and malware injections, creating blacklists and whitelist, and integration with other technologies. Some vendors of EDR technologies leverage the free Mitre Att&ck classification and framework for threats.
See also
Endpoint security
Data loss prevention software
References
Security technology |
13218486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales%20Scientifiques%20de%20l%27%C3%89cole%20Normale%20Sup%C3%A9rieure | Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure | Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure is a French scientific journal of mathematics published by the Société Mathématique de France. It was established in 1864 by the French chemist Louis Pasteur and published articles in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. In 1900, it became a purely mathematical journal. It is published with help of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique. Its web site is hosted by the mathematics department of the École Normale Supérieure.
External links
Archive (1864–2013)
Mathematics journals
Publications established in 1864
Multilingual journals
Multidisciplinary scientific journals
Société Mathématique de France academic journals |
28929774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frasera%20speciosa | Frasera speciosa | Frasera speciosa is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family (Gentianaceae) known by the common names elkweed, deer's ears, and monument plant.
Range and habitat
It is native to the western United States, where it grows in mountain forests, woodlands, and meadows. It tends to grow alone, apart from other members of its species, and is browsed by elk and livestock.
Description
Growth pattern
It is a perennial herb growing from a woody base surrounded by rosettes of large leaves that measure up to 50 centimeters long by 15 wide.
Stems and leaves
It produces a single erect stem which can reach two meters in height.
Inflorescence and fruit
The stem bears whorls of lance-shaped, pointed leaves smaller than those at the base. The plant is monocarpic, growing for several years and only flowering once before it dies. Flowering is synchronized among plants in a given area, with widespread, picturesque blooms occurring periodically. It is not known why some plants in an area will not flower in a mass flowering event, or what cues the plants rely on to initiate flowering. The inflorescence is a tall, erect panicle with flowers densely clustered at the top and then spread out in interrupted clusters below. Each flower has a calyx of four pointed sepals and a corolla of four pointed lobes each one to two centimeters long. The corolla is yellow-green with purple spots and each lobe has two fringed nectary pits at the base. There are four stamens tipped with large anthers and a central ovary.
It blooms from July to August.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Washington Burke Museum
Photo gallery
speciosa
Flora of the Western United States |
911711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokay%20Lake | Nokay Lake | Nokay Lake is a lake in Crow Wing County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Nokay Lake was named for Chief Nokay of the Ojibwe Indians.
References
Lakes of Minnesota
Lakes of Crow Wing County, Minnesota |
2945233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divyaa%20Unni | Divyaa Unni | Divyaa Unni is an Indian actress and classical dancer who teaches various forms of dance such as Bharathanatyam, Kuchipudi and Mohiniyattom.
Early life
Divyaa Unni was born to Ponnethmadhatil Unnikrishnan and Kizhkemadhatil Uma Devi at Kochi, Kerala, India. Her mother Uma Devi, is a Sanskrit teacher and is the Head of Sanskrit Department; at Bhavans Vidya Mandir, Girinagar & was awarded the National Award for Teachers (India), in the year 2013 by the President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee. She has a sister, Vidhya Unni, who has worked as a lead in couple of Malayalam movies. Divyaa completed her schooling in Bhavan's Vidya Mandir, Girinagar.
She graduated with a bachelor's degree in Communicative English from St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam. Divyaa is related (cousin) to Malayalam actress Meera Nandan and Remya Nambeesan.
Post her wedding, she quit cinema and got settled in the US. Divya Unni tied the knot with Arun Kumar in 2018, an engineer from the USA. The couple was blessed with a baby girl on January 14, 2020. The actress has two kids in her first marriage as well.
Film career
Divyaa has acted as a lead in over 50 films in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada.
As a child, Divyaa got her first break in the film Neeyethra Dhanya (1987) when she was a student in second grade. It was followed by Pookkalam Varavayi (1991) directed by Kamal and O' Faby (1993). She also did a TV serial Iniyonnu Vishramikkatte directed by Vinayan.
Divyaa's first feature film as a lead actress was Kalyana Sowgandhikam (1996) with actors like Dileep and Kalabhavan Mani in the lead roles - one she did when she was fourteen; studying in the tenth grade. Subsequently, she worked with the actors Mammootty, Mohanlal, Suresh Gopi, Jayaram and Dileep and directors Bharathan; I V Sasi; Sibi Malayil and Lohithadas.
Dance career
Divyaa started her Bharatanatyam dance training at the age of three, thereafter she was trained in Kuchipudi, and Mohiniyattam. Subsequently, Divyaa Unni was crowned, in 1990 and 1991, ''Kalathilakom'' in Kerala School Kalolsavam statewide competitions. On India's premier Television Channel Doordarshan, she has presented a variety of Indian dance art-forms to such as Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Mohiniyattam, and Indian folk dance. She continues to perform at various Indian dance festivals in India and international stages throughout North America, Europe and Persian Gulf countries.
She has received many awards including the Aravindaksha Memorial Award – the Abhinaya Tilaka Puraskaram for the best state dance performance.
In the pursuit of promoting Indian culture in the West, Divyaa is developing the artistic talents of young children in the United States, where she currently resides. With this goal, she is currently the Director of Sreepadam School of Arts in Houston, Texas, United States.
Filmography
Television
Serials
Iniyonnu Vishramikkate (DD Malayalam)
Shankupushpam (Asianet)
Telefilm
Pranayam (Surya TV)
TV shows as Host
American Jalakam (Asianet)
America Today (Kairali TV)
Pravaham
Dance video
Kaathidam Keralathe (2020)
References
External links
Living people
20th-century American dancers
20th-century Indian actresses
20th-century Indian dancers
20th-century Indian educators
20th-century Indian women artists
20th-century women educators
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses from Kochi
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Malayalam television
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Bharatanatyam exponents
Child actresses in Malayalam cinema
Dancers from Kerala
Educators from Kerala
Indian dance teachers
Indian film actresses
Indian television actresses
Kuchipudi dancers
Teachers of Indian classical dance
Women artists from Kerala
Women educators from Kerala
St. Teresa's College alumni
1981 births |
10043040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ%20Shipping%20Co%20Ltd%20v%20A%20M%20Satterthwaite%20%26%20Co%20Ltd | NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd | New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd. v. A. M. Satterthwaite & Co. Ltd., or The Eurymedon () is a leading case on contract law by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. This 1974 case establishes the conditions when a third party may seek the protection of an exclusion clause in a contract between two parties.
Facts
A drilling machine was to be shipped from Liverpool to Wellington, New Zealand. The bill of lading stipulated the limited liability of the carrier. It further stated that the clause would extend to servants, agents, and any independent contractors, which is often referred to as a "Himalaya clause". The carrier company was a subsidiary of the company that also owned the stevedore operation that unloaded the drill. Due to negligence the stevedores damaged the drill while unloading it. The stevedores claimed protection of the immunity clause in the contract between the carrier and Satterthwaite.
Judgement
This case had facts on all fours with the earlier House of Lords' case, Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd, where their lordships held that the doctrine of privity prevented the stevedore from relying on a limitation of liability clause in a bill of lading. However, in that case Lord Reid proposed that in future such stevedores might be covered under the contractual clause through agency provided certain pre-conditions were satisfied:
In this case, the Privy Council considered that all four aspects of the "Lord Reid test" had been met, so that the stevedores were fully protected under the damage exclusion clause. Also, it used the concept of implied agency to give effect to the exemption (Himalaya) clause (thus extending it from the carriers to the stevedores) using the carriers as the agent.
Although the contract of carriage (as evidenced by the bill of lading) was bilateral, the bill of lading operated as a unilateral contract between the shippers and the stevedores; and this unilateral contract was activated by performance (unloading of the drill), and the stevedore was then entitled to rely upon the protections within the bill of lading.
Lord Wilberforce stated:
He went on to say:
See also
English contract law
Privity
Privity in English law
Third party beneficiary
Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co
Pao On v Lau Yiu Long
Harvela Investments Ltd v Royal Trust of Canada (CI) Ltd
Notes
External links
Full text of decision from BaiLII.org
English contract case law
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases on appeal from New Zealand
New Zealand contract case law
English privity case law
1974 in case law
1974 in New Zealand law |
66311694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telangana%20dialect | Telangana dialect | Telangana dialect, (Telangana Slang or ) often referred to as Hyderabadi Telugu (), is a pidgin language or a dialect of Telugu language influenced by Telugu, Deccani Urdu, Marathi and Kannada spoken mostly in the Indian state of Telangana. Although it is often spoken by the local people from the city, the majority of locals in Hyderabad tend to use either Hyderabadi Urdu or Telugu to communicate. This dialect, which is spoken in the Hyderabad region, is similar to Hyderabadi Urdu due to the high influence of Dakhani or Deccani Urdu. In fact, it is often mistaken for Hyderabadi Urdu by speakers of other Telugu dialects.
Evolution
This dialect has traces from the establishment of Delhi Sultanate in around 1300s. Later other Islam empires such as Tughlaq dynasty, Malik Maqbul Tilangani, Bahmani Sultanate influenced the culture of in the erstwhile Hyderabad and surrounding areas. Qutb Shahi dynasty which was established in 1518, played a key role in shaping the Hyderabadi Telugu. The empire was extended to smaller areas in present day Maharashtra and Karnataka. This made the introduction of Marathi and Kannada languages in the region. One of the other major reasons for the evolution of the language is the influence of Islam culture who preferred to speak Persian or Urdu languages.
Vocabulary
Unique words
A few words unique to Hyderabadi Telugu/Telangana Dialect, predominantly spoken by everyone of the region are given below
Words borrowed from other languages
A few words unique to Hyderabadi Telugu/Telangana Dialect, predominantly spoken in Hyderabad region are given below
Regional variants
There are regional variants in the dialect. The dialect spoken by local Hyderabadis is influenced by Hyderabadi Urdu. The dialect spoken in Karimnagar and surrounding area have a varied accent. The dialect spoken by the people in Mahbubnagar, Nagarkurnool, Gadwal and surrounding areas has a mix Rayalaseema region in andhra pradesh Telugu and Kannada.
Influence
The Hyderabadi Telugu/Telangana Baasha has always influenced the culture of Telangana. The dialect became notable after the Telangana state was formed. It became influential in Politics, Cinema, Economics, Arts and other fields that are related to Telangana, besides Standard Telugu.
References
Telugu dialects
Culture of Telangana
Culture of Hyderabad, India
Languages of Telangana |
31463622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciano%20Balbi | Luciano Balbi | Luciano Damián Balbi (born 4 April 1989) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a left back.
Honours
Lanús
Copa Sudamericana: 2013
External links
1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Rosario, Santa Fe
Argentine footballers
Association football defenders
Argentine Primera División players
Segunda División players
Ecuadorian Serie A players
Veikkausliiga players
Club Atlético Lanús footballers
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
L.D.U. Quito footballers
Real Valladolid players
Extremadura UD footballers
FC Inter Turku players
Argentine expatriate footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Finland
Expatriate footballers in Ecuador
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Finland |
69236126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murkage%20Dave | Murkage Dave | Murkage Dave (born David Lewis) is a singer and songwriter from Leytonstone, East London.
Career
Dave started making music while he was at university in Manchester, including 'Hands On Her' which was remixed by Sunship and appeared on a DJ EZ compilation, and ran the weekly Monday Murkage club night. He continued to promote parties and DJ, forming the Murkage Cartel a collective of DJs, musicians, photographers, film makers, designers and bloggers.
When Dave returned to London in 2016, he formed the duo HALFBROTHER with producer and singer SCALLY, and released his debut EP 'D.A.V.E' which featured the SCALLY-produced 'Car Bomb'. 'Car Bomb' was accompanied by a video directed by Marco Grey, and received radio support from Pharrell Williams and Young Fathers. He also collaborated with The Streets frontman Mike Skinner on a club night called TONGA.
Dave's debut album, 'Murkage Dave Changed My Life', was released at the end of 2018. It includes features from Manga Saint Hilare and Jaykae, and production from Skepta and Star Slinger. He toured the album across 2019, including support slots for The Streets, Peace and Tricky, and released a special edition of the album which included features from JGrrey, Frankie Stew and Harvey Gunn, Peyton, NARX, Lioness and Lansky Jones & Jeff Donna of the New York rap collective World's Fair. The album was critically praised for its unique sound and vulnerability. "He’s crafted a sparse, introspective vibe that feels distinctly British," wrote Felicity Martin of Dummy Mag. Dave has also collaborated with French rapper Nekfeu and US DJ and producer AC Slater.
At the end of 2019 after his 'Keep Up The Bad Work' tour, Dave collaborated with Manga Saint Hilare for the surprise project 'We Need To Look After Us'. The ten track project promotes self-care and community and features production from Tre Mission, Jon Phonics, Star Slinger, New Machine, Hologram Lo, Loubenski, Moshino Royale, Douvelle and Goldteeth.
References
British singer-songwriters |
15428396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marintia%20Escobedo | Marintia Escobedo | Marintia Escobedo Santibáñez is a Mexican television personality and actress.
Televisión
Como dice el dicho (2020)...Sandra
Como dice el dicho (2019)...Alberta
Como dice el dicho (2018)...Anisha
Como dice el dicho (2017)...Marisa
¡Vivan los niños! (2001–2002)... Claudia
Realities Show
Big Brother Vip (2003) Primera Expulsada
Cine
Elisa antes del fin del mundo
Conducción
Programa Hoy (2018)
El terreno de Eva (2003)
Projection 2000
24 horas
Noticias Eco
En Vivo
External links
1960 births
Mexican film actresses
Mexican stage actresses
Mexican television actresses
Living people
ar:Marintia Escobedo
es:Marintia Escobedo |
34700285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welzl | Welzl | Welzl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Emo Welzl (born 1958), Austrian-Swiss computer scientist
Jan Eskymo Welzl (1868–1948), Moravian explorer
Kurt Welzl (born 1954), Austrian footballer
German-language surnames |
3111860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Kraus | Peter Kraus | Peter Kraus (born 18 March 1939) is a German-Austrian singer and actor.
Born Peter Siegfried Krausenecker in Munich, Kraus was popular especially in the 1950s, notably in those musical comedy films where he played opposite Cornelia Froboess.
Early life and family
Kraus is the son of Austrian-born director and comedian Fred Krausnecker, and spent his youth alternating in Munich, Vienna and Salzburg where his father owned a small theatre. During his school years he took singing and acting lessons as well as step dancing classes. His first acting role was the part of Johnny in The Flying Classroom (1954) after the novel by Erich Kästner.
In 1969 Kraus married the photo model Ingrid. Kraus adopted Ingrid's daughter Gaby. A few years later their son Mike was born. Gaby died in her late thirties from breast cancer.
Rock'n'Roll-Star
When the German music industry discovered that rock 'n' roll was a big seller even with German lyrics, they marketed Kraus as an Elvis Presley copy. He soon became, like his colleague Ted Herold, one of Germany's most popular singers and teen idols, the lanky figure and nonchalant attitude of the young man was a big hit with teens. In the first four years after his debut he recorded 36 hits and sold more than twelve million records.
Kraus's first disc in 1956 was a German version of Little Richard's "Tutti Frutti". In mid-1957 his first hit "Susi Rock“ followed and made it to number 8 in the charts. From then until 1964 Kraus was regularly in the German charts. 1958 he recorded "Wenn Teenager träumen" (A Teenager's Romance), "Hula Baby" and "Sugar Baby", used in the 1985 Percy Adlon film Zuckerbaby. This was followed in 1959 by his version of Fabian's "Tiger". At first Kraus was heavily influenced by Presley, but soon he managed to find his own style. As the "nice boy from next door" he sang with his female counterpart, teen idol Conny Froboess and appeared with her in the 1958 movie "Wenn die Conny mit dem Peter" and
(1960) "Conny und Peter machen Musik". They became the most popular film stars of German teenagers in the late fifties. In 1959 Kraus appeared with his father Fred Kraus, playing the role of his father, in "Melodie und Rhythmus".
Kraus also published some songs with Jörg Maria Berg; under the pseudonym The James Brothers; the two played German cover versions "Wenn" (When) in 1958, "Cowboy Billy" ("Don't Take Your Guns to Town") in 1959, "Rote Rosen" (Pretty Blue Eyes) in 1960, "Die jungen Jahre" (Endless Sleep) and "Hätt' ich einen Hammer" (If I Had a Hammer) in 1964, to name a few. He also sang duets with Connie Francis, Lill Babs, Danny Mann, Alice and Ellen Kessler, Gus Backus and Gina Dobra.
Selected filmography
The Flying Classroom (1954), as Johnny Trotz
Precocious Youth (1957), as Günther
Immer die Radfahrer (1958), as Robby Eilers
The Crammer (1958), as Achim Bork
(1958), as Peter
Conny and Peter Make Music (1960), as Peter
What Is Father Doing in Italy? (1961), as Klaus Stumpf
(1961), as Gustl Zwanzger
Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color: (1963, TV), as Josef Strauss
If You Go Swimming in Tenerife (1964), as Tom
(1973, TV film), as Pimpinelli
(1984), as Schirmer
(1986), as Schirmer
(1987), as Schirmer
See also
Peter Kraus (German Wikipedia)
References
External links
1939 births
Living people
20th-century Austrian male singers
Austrian male stage actors |
9522968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940%20Newcastle%20upon%20Tyne%20North%20by-election | 1940 Newcastle upon Tyne North by-election | The Newcastle upon Tyne North by-election, 1940 was a parliamentary by-election held on 7 June 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of Newcastle upon Tyne North.
Previous MP
The seat had become vacant on when the constituency's Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP), Sir Nicholas Grattan-Doyle, had resigned from Parliament on 10 April, aged 77. He had been the constituency's MP since its creation for the 1918 general election.
Candidates
During World War II, unopposed by-elections were common, since the major parties had agreed not to contest by-elections when vacancies arose in seats held by the other parties; contests occurred only when independent candidates or minor parties chose to stand. In keeping with the agreement, neither the local Labour Party and Liberal Party fielded a candidate in Newcastle North.
The Conservative Party candidate was Henry Grattan-Doyle, whose selection split the local Conservative Association. A group broke away to form the Newcastle North (1940) Conservative Association, and they fielded Sir Cuthbert Headlam as an "Independent Conservative" candidate.
Headlam had been MP for Barnard Castle from 1924 to 1929 and from 1931 to 1935, and had held several junior ministerial posts. He had also contested the Gateshead by-election in 1931, coming a close second in what had been a safe seat for Labour.
Results
On a very low turnout, the result was an overwhelming victory for Headlam, who took 71% of the votes. Returned to the House of Commons, he promptly took the Conservative Whip, and held the seat as a Conservative until he retired from Parliament at the 1951 election.
Votes
See also
Newcastle upon Tyne North constituency
1957 Newcastle upon Tyne North by-election
Newcastle upon Tyne
List of United Kingdom by-elections (1931–1950)
United Kingdom by-election records
References
1940 elections in the United Kingdom
1940 in England
20th century in Newcastle upon Tyne
Elections in Newcastle upon Tyne
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Northumberland constituencies
June 1940 events |
36733660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20mist%20lubrication | Oil mist lubrication | Oil mist lubrication oils are applied to rolling element (antifriction) bearings as an oil mist. Neither oil rings nor constant level lubricators are used in pumps and drivers connected to plant-wide oil mist systems. Oil mist is an atomized amount of oil carried or suspended in a volume of pressurized dry air. The oil mist, actually a ratio of one volume of oil suspended or carried in 200,000 volumes of clean, dry air, moves in a piping system (header). The point of origin is usually a mixing valve (the oil mist generator), connected to this header. Branch lines often feed oil mist to hundreds of rolling elements in the many pumps and drivers connected to a plant-wide system.
At standstill, or while on standby, pump and driver bearings are preserved by the surrounding oil mist, which exists in the bearing housing space at a pressure just barely higher than ambient. These pump and driver bearings are lubricated from the time when atomized oil globules join (or wet out) to become larger oil droplets. This joining-into-large-droplets starts whenever the equipment shafts rotate, which is when small globules come into contact with each other and start coating the bearing elements.
As of April 2019, over 160,000 process centrifugal pumps are operating with oil mist as the sole bearing lubricant. The estimated number of electric motors on pure oil mist exceeds 50,000; several of these at a Texas Gulf Coast petrochemical facility have been in flawless service since 1978. Oil mist technology is mature and has been in highly successful plant-wide use since the early 1960s. <ref. Bloch & Shamim, "Oil Mist Lubrication: Practical Applications," The Fairmont Press, Lilburn, GA, ></ref. Bloch, "Pump Wisdom: Problem Solving for Operators and Specialists," John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, >
There are also plant-wide oil distribution systems whereby liquid oil (not an oil/air mixture) is pressurized and injected, through spray nozzles, into the pump bearings. These oil spray systems are not to be confused with the more economical oil mist systems. However, both oil mist and oil spray applications can take credit for lower frictional losses and both should be taken into account while performing cost justification analyses. These analyses are highlighted in Bloch/Geitner/Ehlert "Optimized Equipment Lubrication, Oil Mist Technology, and Storage Preservation," (late 2019), Reliabilityweb Publishing, Ft. Myers, Florida.
Lubrication |
22728779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4llestad | Hällestad | Hällestad is a locality situated in Finspång Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 336 inhabitants in 2010.
References
Populated places in Östergötland County
Populated places in Finspång Municipality |
3026646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossal%20Youth | Colossal Youth | Colossal Youth is the only studio album by Welsh post-punk band Young Marble Giants, released in February 1980 on Rough Trade Records. Young Marble Giants were offered the opportunity to record the album after Rough Trade heard just two songs by the band on the local Cardiff music compilation Is the War Over?
Young Marble Giants emerged from the remains of the band True Wheel. Alison Statton (vocals), Philip Moxam (bass) and his brother Stuart (guitar and main songwriter), formed Young Marble Giants in 1979, when they were all barely in their twenties. Quickly snapped up by the prestigious Rough Trade label, the band recorded Colossal Youth over the course of five days in a tiny studio in North Wales.
Recording
Colossal Youth was recorded in five days at Foel Studios, located near Welshpool in North Wales. The album was engineered by the studio's owner, former Amon Düül II and Hawkwind member Dave Anderson. Young Marble Giants had no prior knowledge of formal music production, and as a result the production on Colossal Youth was kept deliberately simple, with the final record featuring many of the band's first takes, as well as minimal overdubbing. The only two overdubs on the record are a slide guitar on "Include Me Out" and distorted vocals on "Eating Noddemix". Each track was mixed in around 20 minutes.
Legacy
According to critic Richie Unterberger, Colossal Youth is "one of the most highly regarded indie cult post-punk recordings, with a unique hushed and minimal atmosphere." Nirvana singer-songwriter Kurt Cobain said in a 1992 Melody Maker interview that Colossal Youth was one of the ten most influential records he had ever heard, and he also included it in a personal list of his 50 favourite albums. In the aforementioned interview, he spoke of his admiration for the album:
Cobain's wife Courtney Love would later record "Credit in the Straight World" with her band Hole on their second album Live Through This, released in 1994. Stephin Merritt credited the album as the main inspiration for his band The Magnetic Fields's debut album Distant Plastic Trees, and has recorded a cover of "The Man Amplifier". Australian band Toys Went Berserk covered "Brand - New - Life" on their 1989 album The Smiler With A Knife.
Domino Recording Company released Colossal Youth & Collected Works, an expanded reissue of the album, on 9 July 2007. In May 2009, Colossal Youth was performed live in its entirety by Young Marble Giants as part of the All Tomorrow's Parties-curated Don't Look Back series.
In 2020, Rolling Stone included Colossal Youth in their "80 Greatest albums of 1980" list, praising the band for "creating an arresting, quiet sound ".
Track listing
All tracks are written by Stuart Moxham, except where noted.
"Searching for Mr. Right" – 3:03
"Include Me Out" – 2:01
"The Taxi" – 2:07
"Eating Noddemix" (Philip Moxham, Alison Statton) – 2:04
"Constantly Changing" – 2:04
"N.I.T.A." – 3:31
"Colossal Youth" – 1:54
"Music for Evenings" – 3:02
"The Man Amplifier" – 3:15
"Choci Loni" (S. Moxham, P. Moxham) – 2:37
"Wurlitzer Jukebox!" – 2:45
"Salad Days" (S. Moxham, Statton) – 2:01
"Credit in the Straight World" – 2:29
"Brand - New - Life" – 2:55
"Wind in the Rigging" – 2:25
The 1993 reissue includes the following bonus tracks, taken from the Testcard EP, the "Final Day" single and the various artists compilation Is the War Over?:
"This Way" (S. Moxham, P. Moxham) – 1:41
"Posed by Models" (S. Moxham, P. Moxham) – 1:25
"The Clock" (S. Moxham, P. Moxham) – 1:39
"Clicktalk" (S. Moxham, P. Moxham) – 2:42
"Zebra Trucks" (S. Moxham, P. Moxham) – 1:33
"Sporting Life" (S. Moxham, P. Moxham) – 1:04
"Final Day" – 1:43
"Radio Silents" – 1:53
"Cake Walking" – 2:49
"Ode to Booker T" – 3:03
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
Young Marble Giants
Philip Moxham – bass, arrangement, production
Stuart Moxham – guitar, organ, arrangement, production
Alison Statton – vocals, arrangement, production
Additional personnel
Dave Anderson – arrangement, engineering, production
Patrick Graham – cover photography
Porky – mastering
Charts
References
External links
1980 debut albums
Young Marble Giants albums
Rough Trade Records albums |
24191824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troja%20railway%20station | Troja railway station | Troja railway station opened in 1896, closed in 1975, reopened in 1977 and closed for good in 1978. It was on the Bog Walk to Port Antonio branch line, from the Kingston terminus (in Jamaica), and served the surrounding agricultural community, providing a means for bananas to reach and be exported from Port Antonio. It was vandalised some time after closure.
Architecture
The station was a two-story wooden building with sash windows, the upper floor being smaller than the lower and centrally placed. The pitched roof over the ground floor was extended to form a canopy over the platform on all four sides of the building. The upper story had a gable end roof.
Track layout
In addition to the platform serving the through line there was a second platform on the opposite side of the station building on a passing loop and, most likely, freight sidings as well.
Fares
In 1910 the third class fare from Troja to Kingston was 2/6 (two shillings and sixpence); first class was about double.
See also
Railways of Jamaica
Railway stations in Jamaica
References
Bibliography
External links
Aerial view.
Stamp cancellations.
Railway stations in Jamaica
Buildings and structures in Saint Catherine Parish
Railway stations opened in 1896
Railway stations closed in 1978 |
7730030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLBY | WLBY | WLBY (1290 AM) is a broadcast radio station in the United States. Licensed to Saline, Michigan with offices in nearby Ann Arbor, the station has a talk format and serves surrounding Washtenaw County. WLBY is owned by Cumulus Broadcasting along with three other stations based in Ann Arbor.
The station first signed on in 1958 as WOIA and had music formats for much of its history, as late as the 2000s. After nearly four decades as a music station, in 1996 the station changed to a Catholic format leased by Domino's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan. Then from 1999 to 2001, the station broadcast business news. After two short-lived adult standards and oldies formats from 2001 to 2004, the station picked up its present call sign WLBY in 2004 and became a progressive talk radio station carrying the Air America Radio format. In 2009, WLBY returned to business news; the station picked up a more conventional talk format by 2012.
With hourly news updates provided by ABC News Radio, WLBY broadcasts a local morning show and nationally syndicated programs including The Dan Bongino Show, The Mark Levin Show, and the Bloomberg Radio network. Additionally, WLBY broadcasts University of Michigan women's basketball and is the secondary Ann Arbor affiliate of the Detroit Lions Radio Network.
History
As WOIA, WOIB, and WNRS "Winners" (1958–1992)
Founded by the Saline Broadcasting Company, the station first broadcast at 3 p.m. on January 5, 1958 as WOIA, with 500 watts of power, daytime-only broadcasting hours, and studios in Lodi Township. It had a full service format featuring news, educational interviews, and both popular and classical music. Sundays had an hour of German music.
In 1959, the Lester Broadcasting Corporation purchased WOIA from Saline Broadcasting.
Beginning in 1962, WOIA gained an FM simulcast on 102.9, WOIA-FM. The AM call sign changed to WOIB on December 12, 1963.
In 1967, Lester Broadcasting sold WOIA/WOIB to the Felty Broadcasting Corporation for $180,000.
On February 14, 1970, both stations were re-branded as "The Winners", with the 1290 calls changed to WNRS and 102.9 to WNRZ. Initially the "Winners" retained the WOIA/WOIB Top 40 format but later switched to country; WNRZ-FM also played progressive rock for a time while the AM side continued with the country format.
In 1975, WNRZ-FM brought the "Winners" simulcast to an end when it changed to album oriented rock as WIQB. WNRS returned to its former country format in September 1978. In August 1979, station owner Radio-Ann Arbor Inc. announced the sale of WNRS and WIQB to Lake America Communications for a combined $1.24 million.
Change from music to religion and business (1992–2001)
WNRS became WIQB on February 21, 1992 and changed from oldies to new-age music as its former oldies format moved to new sister FM station WQKL.
On March 1, 1993, the station call sign changed from WIQB to WAMX. WAMX had an adult contemporary music format. In September 1994, American Media Management bought WAMX and WIQB-FM from Mediabase Research Corporation for $3.6 million.
On October 18, 1996, WAMX became WDEO. At the time, Domino's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan reached a local marketing agreement to change WDEO to a Catholic format branded Ave Maria Radio, sponsored by his Ave Maria Foundation. However, due to WDEO having a weak signal that did not reach the city of Detroit, Monaghan bought Ypsilanti, Michigan station WWCM, whose 9,200 watt daytime signal was more audible in Detroit, for $2.5 million in June that year. The WDEO call sign and programming would move to WWCM.
On October 1, 1999, WDEO changed its call sign to WYBN and format from religion to the Business Talk Radio Network. The "YBN" stood for "Your Business News". In May 2000, Clear Channel Communications acquired Cumulus' Ann Arbor stations, including WYBN.
Oldies formats as WCAS (2001–2004)
On March 5, 2001, WYBN changed to WCAS. On March 23, WCAS changed from business news to an adult standards format.
On June 28, 2002, WCAS changed an all-oldies format dubbed "Honey Radio", playing 1950s to 1970s oldies, a homage to the "Honey Radio" format on the old WHND in Monroe, Michigan. A week later on July 5, WCAS changed its call sign to WHNE.
Talk formats as WLBY (2004–present)
On August 23, 2004, WHNE changed to WLBY and began broadcasting Air America Radio, a progressive talk radio network. General manager Bob Bolak considered Air America a potentially successful format considering what he called "the liberal mood of Ann Arbor" in addition to a goal to attract younger listeners.
Although WLBY attracted a 2.2 ratings share in the fall 2004 Arbitron ratings, the share declined to 0.9 in spring 2005, a decline that a Clear Channel station manager attributed to interest in political talk declining after the 2004 United States presidential election. Beginning in the 2004–05 season, WLBY broadcast select University of Michigan women's basketball games.
WLBY improved to a 1.2 share in spring 2006.
In mid-November 2006, nearly a week after statewide elections, WLBY temporarily dropped Air America to stunt with content related to University of Michigan sports, namely a loop of Michigan's fight song "The Victors", highlights of classic football games, and sports updates.
In December 2006, Cumulus reacquired Clear Channel's Ann Arbor stations, including WLBY, as part of a multi-station swap.
By fall 2007, WLBY's ratings declined to 0.6.
After a year-long hiatus, Lucy Ann Lance resumed her daily talk show on WLBY on January 24, 2009.
On March 16, 2009, WLBY switched to a business talk format, featuring Lance's morning show and nationally syndicated programs including financial advice The Dave Ramsey Show, consumer advice The Clark Howard Show, and programming from the Business Talk Radio Network. WLBY previously broadcast the Business Talk Radio Network in 1999 as WYBN. WLBY's new slogan was "Ann Arbor's Business Talk Radio". By 2010, WLBY's regular programming was limited to Lance, Ramsey, Howard, and the Bloomberg Radio network.
By spring 2012, WLBY added news and sports talk to its regular schedule, including The Mike Huckabee Show and The Huge Show. WLBY changed its slogan to "Ann Arbor's Talk Station" around July 2012.
Programming
Weekday program include the local Lucy Ann Lance Show and nationally syndicated talk shows, such as The Dan Bongino Show and The Mark Levin Show from Westwood One and CBS Eye on the World with John Batchelor. WLBY simulcasts the Bloomberg Radio network on overnight hours and weekends.
WLBY also broadcasts local sports. As a member of the Michigan Sports Network, WLBY broadcasts Michigan Wolverines women's basketball games. WLBY is also the secondary Ann Arbor affiliate of the Detroit Lions Radio Network when WTKA has to broadcast a Detroit Tigers game.
References
External links
Michiguide.com - WLBY History
WLBY Schedule
Broadcasting Magazine 01-06-64
LBY
Radio stations established in 1958
Cumulus Media radio stations
1958 establishments in Michigan |
3318857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majhi | Majhi | Majhi may mean:
of, from, or related to Majha, a region in Punjab
Majhi dialect, the principal dialect of Punjabi
Majhi language, an Indo-Aryan language of Nepal and Sikkim
Bote-Majhi language, another Indo-Aryan language of Nepal
People named Majhi
Majhi Feda
Shankhlal Majhi
Bishnu Majhi
Bhagirathi Majhi
Balabhadra Majhi
Parsuram Majhi
Majhi Sawaiyan
Rindo Majhi
Parsuram Majhi |
42659762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemmappilly | Chemmappilly | Chemmappilly is a place in Thrissur District, Kerala, 23 km from Thrissur. It is in the jurisdiction of Anthikad Police station and the Grama Panchayath is Thanniyam. There is a lower primary school called ALPSchool in the centre. Nearest places are Thriprayar, Nattika, and Peringottukara. This place is on the bank of the river Theevra (Canoli Canal). The postal area is Vadakkummuri-680570. The only Government office is the post office.
In former days at Sreeraman Chira, the sethubandhanam was done by Sambava community. At that time human sacrifice was observed. The last person killed in Sreeraman chira was Chennan. from the name of Chennan this place got the name "Chennan kol" ("kol" means "paddy field"). Finally "Chennan kol" became Chemmappilly.
A hanging bridge was constructed to connect Thannyam and Nattika Grama Panchayaths. It was inaugurated by Shri Adoor Prakash on 31 May 2013. Phoenix Library is working at Chemmappilly. The road to Chemmappily touches Peringottukara and Thriprayar East Nada. Aneswaram Shiva temple and a Mosque are here. During the "Grama pradakshinam" of Thriprayar Thevar at the time of Arattupuzha Devamela, Thevan ran away from Aneswaram Siva, without any sound because Thevar borrowed paddy and coconut from Lord Aneswaram Siva.
See also
Sethubandhanam at Sreeraman Chira Chemmappilly
Nalambalam
Sethubandhanam
Images
References
Cities and towns in Thrissur district |
11204262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetidae | Cosmetidae | Cosmetidae is a family of harvestmen in the suborder Laniatores. With over 700 species, it is one of the largest families in Opiliones. They are distributed from Argentina to the southern USA with the highest diversity in northern South America, Central America and Mexico. This Nearctic-Neotropical family comprises Opiliones with elaborate white/yellow/green/orange/red stripes and spots on the dorsal scutum and peculiar pedipalps strongly compressed and applied on the chelicerae.
Name
The family name is derived from the type genus Cosmetus, which is from the Greek kosmetós 'ornate'.
Differential external anatomy
Eye mound is very low, saddle shaped, placed on middle of cephalothorax, each ocular globe bears a crest of small pointed tubercles or is smooth. Ozopores slit-like, one opening partially covered by tubercle of coxa II. Scutal areas are often indistinct; sometimes the sulci can be distinguished by color pattern or absence of tubercles; scutum and tergites are typically weakly armed.
Genitalia. Penis are standard gonyleptoid and very conservative, with rectangular ventral plate, puffed sac-glans, well-developed thumb-like dorsal process.
See more details in Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha (2007).
Distribution
The Cosmetidae are endemic of the New World. The peak of their diversity is in northern South America, Central America, and Mexico, where maybe one third to half of species of Opiliones are represented by this single family; they are numerous in Amazonian and Andean realms and also in the Caribbean. They are absent in Chile. They also reach southwards as far as Argentina and even southern Brazil (genus Metalibitia). There are a few species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, mostly belonging to the genus Metavononoides. A few species now in Vonones reach far northwards into the USA, where they occur in many of the southern states.
Subtaxa
As of 2006, there are 125 genera and 712 species described. Most species belong to Cynorta (153 spp), Paecilaema (102 spp), Flirtea and Erginulus (30 spp each). However, there is no reason to believe most of genera of cosmetids are natural groups, except for a few like Metavononoides, Cosmetus (Kury, 2003) and Roquettea (Ferreira & Kury 2010) . Attempts to organize the family in supra-specific units are hindered by the poorly resolved basic taxonomy.
The family is currently divided into two subfamilies: Cosmetinae and Discosomaticinae.
Relationships
Cosmetidae is the sister-group of Gonyleptidae and both are related to the Stygnidae and Cranaidae (Kury, 1992).
References
(2010). A Review of Roquettea, with Description of Three New Brazilian Species and Notes on Gryne (Opiliones,Cosmetidae, Discosomaticinae). Zoological Sciences,, 27: 697 - 708.
(2003). Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, vol. especial monográfico, 1: 1-337.
(2007). Cosmetidae Koch, 1839. pp 182–185. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds.). Harvestmen: the biology of the Opiliones. Harvard University Press, Cambridge and London. x + 597 pages.
Harvestman families |
46683749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Blood%20and%20Mutiny | Blue Blood and Mutiny | Blue Blood and Mutiny: The Fight for the Soul of Morgan Stanley is a non-fiction book by American journalist and historian Patricia Beard. The book was initially published by William Morrow on September 18, 2007.
Overview
The books focuses on the history of investment bank Morgan Stanley and on how a powerful fight within the firm was orchestrated by a group of eight retired executives, led to the removal of its then CEO, Philip J. Purcell. The group was led by S. Parker Gilbert and Robert Scott, a former Morgan Stanley chairman and president respectively. The group carefully worked behind the scenes to publicise Purcell as a Midwestern rustic lacking sophistication and understanding of elite financial markets. Their efforts were aimed at restoring the ethical foundation of the firm and resulted in the triumphant return of John J. Mack to do "first class business in a first class way".
Criticism
—The New York Times
See also
The Last Tycoons
The Great Game: The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power: 1653–2000
Money and Power
References
External links
Book profile on Amazon.com
2007 non-fiction books
Books about companies
Books about multinational companies
Business books |
45526520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%20Goes%20Up%20and%20Down | Love Goes Up and Down | Love Goes Up and Down () is a 1946 Swedish comedy film directed by Rolf Husberg.
The film stars Sture Lagerwall, Eva Dahlbeck and Thor Modéen.
Plot summary
Sixten is a screenwriter who reluctantly travels to a ski resort in Åre to prepare a love story for a film set in a ski environment. Before he has time to go a journalist from a tabloid newspaper, Vivi Bostrom, calls him to ask him about his plans. They end up immediately quarrelling. She then takes the train to Åre and does her best to get back at him. Revenge will be sweet, and snowy.
Cast
Sture Lagerwall as Sixten Kennebeck, screenwriter
Eva Dahlbeck as Vivi Boström, journalist at Kvällsexpressen
Thor Modéen as Sture Nylén, Wholesaler
Agneta Lagerfeldt as Anne-Sofie
Sigge Fürst as Larsson
Hjördis Petterson as "Scorpion"
John Botvid as Fingal Andersson
Bullan Weijden as Agda Nylén
Douglas Håge as District Police Superintendent
Holger Höglund as Holmström, Reception Clerk
Magnus Kesster as Film Producer
Kenne Fant as Actor in Studio
Mimi Nelson as Actress in Studio
Börje Mellvig as Director in Studio
Nils Hultgren as Film Producer
Stig Johanson as Printer at Kvällsexpressen
Albin Erlandzon as Printer at Kvällspressen
Leif Hedenberg as Hotel Porter
Karin Miller as Hotel Waitress
Gunnar Hedberg as Hotel Guest
External links
1946 films
Swedish films
Swedish-language films
Swedish sports comedy films
Films directed by Rolf Husberg
1940s sports comedy films
1946 comedy films
Swedish black-and-white films |
15917657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaugneray | Vaugneray | Vaugneray () is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.
On 1 January 2015, Vaugneray annexed the neighboring commune of Saint-Laurent-de-Vaux. It is since 2014 twinned with the Romanian town of Dăbuleni.
See also
Communes of the Rhône department
References
Communes of Rhône (department)
Rhône communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
36347440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Rotheram | William Rotheram | William Rotheram (by 1519 – will proved 1559), of Lincoln was an English Mayor and Member of Parliament.
He was appointed sheriff of Lincoln for 1545, made Mayor of Lincoln for 1554–55 and elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Lincoln in April 1554.
He was married with a son and two daughters.
References
1559 deaths
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Lincoln
Mayors of Lincoln, England
English MPs 1554
Year of birth uncertain |
1733449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial%20Japanese%20Navy%20Air%20Service | Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service | The was the air arm of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). The organization was responsible for the operation of naval aircraft and the conduct of aerial warfare in the Pacific War.
The Japanese military acquired their first aircraft in 1910 and followed the development of air combat during World War I with great interest. They initially procured European aircraft but quickly built their own and launched themselves onto an ambitious aircraft carrier building program. They launched the world's first purpose-built aircraft carrier, , in 1922. Afterwards they embarked on a conversion program of several excess battlecruisers and battleships into aircraft carriers. The IJN Air Service had the mission of national air defence, deep strike, naval warfare, and so forth. It retained this mission to the end.
The Japanese pilot training program was very selective and rigorous, producing a high-quality and long-serving pilot corps, who were very successful in the air during the early part of World War II in the Pacific. However, the long duration of the training program, combined with a shortage of gasoline for training, did not allow the IJN to rapidly provide qualified replacements in sufficient numbers. Moreover, Japan, unlike the U.S. or Britain, never altered its program to speed up the training process of its recruits. The resultant decrease in quantity and quality, among other factors, resulted in increasing casualties toward the end of the war.
Japanese navy aviators, like their army counterparts, preferred maneuverable aircraft, leading to lightly built but extraordinarily agile types, most famously the A6M Zero, which achieved its feats by sacrificing armor and self-sealing fuel tanks. Aircraft with armor and self-sealing fuel tanks, such as the Kawanishi N1K-J would not enter service until late 1944–1945, which was too late to have a meaningful impact. The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service was equal in function to the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm (FAA).
Early history
Origins
The beginnings of Japanese naval aviation were established in 1912, with the creation of a Commission on Naval Aeronautical Research (Kaigun Kokūjutsu Kenkyūkai) under the authority of the Technical Department. The commission was charged with the promotion of aviation technology and training for the navy. Initially was focus was in non-rigid airships but it quickly moved on to the development of winged and powered aircraft. That year, the commission decided to purchase foreign winged aircraft and to send junior officers abroad to learn how to fly and maintain them. The navy purchased two seaplanes from the Glenn Curtiss factory in Hammondsport, New York, and two Maurice Farman seaplanes from France. To establish a cadre of naval aviators and technicians, the navy also dispatched three officers to Hammondsport and two to France for training and instruction. After their return to Japan at the end of 1912, two of the newly trained naval aviators made the first flights at Oppama on Yokosuka Bay, one in a Curtiss seaplane, the other in a Maurice Farman.
In 1912, the Royal Navy had also informally established its own flying branch, the Royal Naval Air Service. The Japanese admirals, whose own Navy had been modeled on the Royal Navy and whom they admired, themselves proposed their own Naval Air Service. The Japanese Navy had also observed technical developments in other countries and saw that the airplane had potential. Within a year, the Imperial Japanese navy had begun the operational use of aircraft. In 1913, the following year, a Navy transport ship, Wakamiya Maru was converted into a seaplane carrier capable of carrying two assembled and two disassembled seaplanes. Wakamiya also participated in the naval maneuvers off Sasebo that year.
Siege of Tsingtao
On 23 August 1914, as a result of its treaty with Great Britain, Japan declared war on Germany. The Japanese, together with a token British force, blockaded then laid siege to the German colony of Kiaochow and its administrative capital Tsingtao on the Shandong peninsula. During the siege, starting from September, four Maurice Farman seaplanes (two active and two reserve) on board conducted reconnaissance and aerial bombardments on German positions and ships. The aircraft had crude bombsights and carried six to ten bombs that had been converted from shells, and were released through metal tubes on each side of the cockpit. On 5 September, during the first successful operation, two Farman seaplanes dropped several bombs on the Bismarck battery, the main German fortifications in Tsingtao. The bombs landed harmlessly in the mud, but the aircraft were able to confirm that was not at Tsingtao; this was intelligence of major importance to Allied naval command. On 30 September Wakamiya was damaged by a mine and later sent back to Japan for repairs. But the seaplanes, by transferring on to the shore, continued to be used against the German defenders until their surrender on 7 November 1914. Wakamiya conducted the world's first naval-launched aerial raids in history and was in effect the first aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy. By the end of the siege the aircraft had conducted 50 sorties and dropped 200 bombs, although damage to German defenses was light.
Further developments (1916–1918)
In 1916, the Commission on Naval Aeronautical Research was disbanded and the funds supporting it were reallocated for the establishment of three naval air units (hikotai) which would fall under the authority of the Naval Affairs Bureau of the Navy Ministry. The first unit was established at Yokosuka in April 1916, however, the lack of a specific naval air policy in these early years was made apparent by the fact that the Yokosuka Air Group operated with the fleet only once a year when it was transported briefly to whatever training area the IJN was then using for maneuvers. Japanese naval aviation, though, continued to make progress. In 1917, officers at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal designed and built the first Japanese seaplane, the Ro-Go Ko-gata reconnaissance seaplane, which was much more useful at sea and much safer than the Maurice Farman aircraft that the navy had been using up to that point. The aircraft was eventually mass-produced and became the mainstay of the navy's air arm until the mid-1920s. Japanese factories by the end of the war, in increasing numbers, were beginning to turn out engines and fuselages based on foreign designs. A major expansion in Japanese naval air strength was part of the 1918 naval expansion program which made possible a new air group and a naval air station at Sasebo. In 1918, the IJN secured land around Lake Kasumigaura in Ibaraki Prefecture, northeast of Tokyo. The following year, a naval air station for both land and sea aircraft was established, and subsequently, naval air training was transferred to Kasumigaura, from Yokosuka. After the establishment of a naval air training unit at Kasumigaura, the air station became the principal flight training center for the navy.
Interwar development
Sempill mission
The Japanese navy had closely monitored the progress of aviation of the three Allied naval powers during World War I and concluded that Britain had made the greatest advances in naval aviation. They had also learned a good deal about naval aviation through their contacts within the Royal Navy. In 1920, a representative had also been sent to Britain to observe air operations off the decks of . In 1921, the Japanese government formally requested that the British dispatch a naval air mission, in order to develop and to provide a professional edge to Japanese naval aviation. There were reservations on the part of the Admiralty, about granting the Japanese unrestricted access to British technology. Despite this the British government sent an unofficial civil aviation mission to Japan.
The Sempill Mission led by Captain William Forbes-Sempill, a former officer in the Royal Air Force experienced in the design and testing of Royal Navy aircraft during the First World War. The mission consisted of 27 members, who were largely personnel with experience in naval aviation and included pilots and engineers from several British aircraft manufacturing firms. The British technical mission left for Japan in September with the objective of helping the Imperial Japanese Navy develop and improve the proficiency of its naval air arm. The British government also hoped it would lead to a lucrative arms deal. The mission arrived at Kasumigaura Naval Air Station the following month, in November 1921, and stayed in Japan for 18 months.
The Japanese were trained on several British aircraft such as the Gloster Sparrowhawk; as the mission also brought to Kasumigaura well over a hundred aircraft comprising twenty different models, five of which were then currently in service with the Royal Air Force, including the Sparrowhawk. These planes eventually provided the inspiration for the design of a number of Japanese naval aircraft. Technicians became familiar with the newest aerial weapons and equipment - torpedoes, bombs, machine guns, cameras, and communications gear. Naval aviators were trained in various techniques such as torpedo bombing, flight control and carrier landing and take-offs; skills that would later be employed in the shallow waters of Pearl Harbor in December 1941. The mission also brought the plans of the most recent British aircraft carriers, such as HMS Argus and HMS Hermes, which influenced the final stages of the development of the carrier Hōshō. By the time the last members of the mission had returned to Britain, the Japanese had acquired a reasonable grasp of the latest aviation technology and the Sempill mission of 1921–22 marked the true beginning of an effective Japanese naval air force. Japanese naval aviation also, both in technology and in doctrine, continued to be dependent on the British model for most of the 1920s.
The military in Japan were also aided in their quest to build up their naval forces by Sempill himself, who had become a Japanese spy. Over the next 20 years, the British Peer provided the Japanese with secret information on the latest British aviation technology. His espionage work helped Japan rapidly develop its military aircraft and its technologies before the Second World War.
Carrier aviation
Japanese interest in the potential of carrier operations demonstrated by the observations on board led to the inclusion of an aircraft carrier in the eight-eight fleet program of 1918. The 7,470-ton was laid down in December 1919 at Yokohama. Hōshō was the second warship after the British to be designed from the keel up as an aircraft carrier and the first one to be completed as from the keel up.
In the 1920s, the larger percentage of aircraft that were initially acquired and inducted into service were land based seaplanes whose main tasks were reconnaissance and anti-submarine patrols. The Japanese had drawn up plans for the formation of 17 squadrons of these aircraft, but budgetary constraints limited the units to eleven until 1931. Under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty two incomplete capital ships were allowed to be rebuilt as carriers, for the Japanese; and . However, Amagi was damaged during the Great Kanto earthquake in 1923 and became a replacement. Akagi was completed in 1927 while Kaga completed a year later. With these two carriers much of Imperial Japanese Navy's doctrines and operating procedures were established.
When Hōshō was completed, little thought was given to naval aircraft in an offensive role and moreover with only one carrier there was insufficient consideration given to carrier doctrine within the Japanese naval establishment. However, in 1928 the First Carrier Division was formed with three carriers and the study of the role of aircraft carriers in a naval engagement was initiated. Because of the short range of carrier aircraft at the time, many in the naval hierarchy were still very much surface oriented. They viewed carrier aircraft to be employed as support for the main battle fleet and not as offensive weapons. Aircraft were to act as scouts and spotters, layers of smoke screens for naval gunfire, fleet air defense, and later (with the increase in aircraft performance) as a means to attack battleships and other surface targets.
Naval aviators however, had a different perspective. Believing that a major aerial engagement to clear the space over the opposing fleets would precede the final surface battle, they increasingly considered the enemy's carriers as the main targets of naval air power. Hence, in the early 1930s, the Imperial Japanese Navy adhered to no unified doctrine as to how carriers would be utilized in a fleet action and had no clear vision as to the role of air power in naval warfare. But with the continued increase in the range and power of aircraft, carriers became acknowledged for their ability to strike at targets beyond the range of surface guns and torpedoes. Including gunnery staffs as well as naval aviators, the IJN became convinced that carrier aircraft should be used for a preemptive strike against the enemy's carriers to achieve air superiority in the proximity of the surface battle. Around 1932–33, the IJN began to shift its aerial focus from targeting the enemy's battleships to their aircraft carriers; and by the mid-30s, with the improved performance of bombing aircraft and particularly dive-bombers, the destruction of the enemy's carrier force became the primary focus of Japan's carrier forces. The emerging concept of a mass aerial attack also shifted the emphasis away from the protection of the main battle fleet to attacks on targets over the horizon. Essential to the implementation of such a tactic was the locating of the enemy before the enemy found the Japanese carriers. As a consequence, it was important to the Japanese that naval aircraft be able to "outrange the enemy" in the air, just as Japanese surface forces could do by naval gunnery and torpedo attacks. Subsequently, throughout the 1930s, Japanese naval aviation emphasized range in its specifications for new aircraft.
Land-based air groups
In addition to developing carrier-based aviation, the IJN maintained many land-based air groups. In the early 1930s, the Japanese created a new category of aircraft termed rikujo kogeki-ki (land based attack aircraft) or Rikko for short. This was in keeping with the strategy of providing a rapid defense of the home islands against the possible westward advance of an American naval offensive across the Pacific. Land-based aircraft actually provided the bulk of Japanese naval aviation up to the eve of the Pacific War. In this regard, Japan was unique among the three major naval powers during the interwar period and the immediate prewar years with only the two air wings of the US Marine Corps being analogous to Japan's land based naval air units. The creation of these air units had begun at the end of World War I, when plans had been drawn up for 17 of them, however these plans were not fully implemented until 1931. They were to be located at six air stations around the Japanese home islands: Yokosuka, Sasebo, Kasumigaura, Omura, Tateyama, and Kure. These units were composed of various types of aircraft which were mostly seaplanes. In absolute numbers, land-based aircraft provided the largest growth in Japaneses naval air power in the years before the Pacific War. The Circle One naval expansion program which had been formulated in 1927 and put into effect in 1931 called for the creation of 28 new air groups. Although only 14 groups were actually established by 1934, which was a response to American naval expansion under the first Vinson plan, the Circle Two program called for eight additional air groups to be created by the end of 1937. They were to operate out of six new air stations at Ōminato, Saeki, Yokohama, Maizuru, Kanoya, and Kisarazu in the home islands and Chinhae on the southern coast of Korea. Under the pressure of the second Vinson plan, initiated by the United States, the Japanese increased the momentum in building up their land-based air forces. The deadline for completion date of the aviation of the Circle One expansion moved up to 1937 and an all-out effort was also made to complete the aircraft production of the Circle Two program by the end of the same year.
By the end of 1937, the navy possessed 563 land-based aircraft, in addition to the 332 aircraft aboard its carrier fleet. The navy air service had a total of 895 aircraft and 2,711 aircrew, including pilots and navigators, in thirty-nine air groups. Although, this total 895 aircraft was considerably less than total American naval air strength for the same period, Japan's land based aviation force was substantially larger. The substantial land-based air power worked to Japan's advantage when the nation went to war in 1937 with China.
Expansion (1931–1937)
By 1927 Japanese naval aviation had grown sufficiently in size and complexity that it was necessary to consolidate the administrative organization of the air service. The various air operations and activities during peacetime, which were divided between the Navy Ministry and the Navy Technical Department, were now merged into a single Naval Aviation Department. In 1932, an independent Naval Air Arsenal was also established to streamline the testing and development of aircraft and weaponry. During their early years, these organizations were under the command of able air enthusiasts, who played a major role in the rapid expansion of Japanese naval aviation during the following decade. The London Naval Treaty of 1930 had imposed new limitations on warship construction, which caused the Navy General Staff to view naval aviation as a way to make up for the shortcomings in the surface fleet.
In 1931, the air service pushed for and established the remainder of the 17 air squadrons that had been projected in the 1923 expansion plans. These were eventually combined into six air groups (kokutai) located at six bases around Japan. Furthermore, the Circle naval expansion programs featured an additional 12 air groups. They also included the development of specific aviation technologies and the acceleration of air crew training. The Circle One plan concentrated on developing new aircraft types, including large flying boats and land-based attack aircraft, as well as the building of seaborne units, both floatplanes and carrier aircraft. The Circle Two plan continued the buildup in naval aircraft and authorized the construction of two aircraft carriers.
Shanghai incident (1932)
In January 1932, clashes between Chinese and Japanese forces occurred in Shanghai. On 29 January, several aircraft from the seaplane tender Notoro, anchored in the Yangtze river, carried out low-level attacks on Chinese military positions in Zhabei, on artillery positions outside the city and on an armored train at a railway station in the northern part of the city. There were heavy civilian casualties and property losses, partly as a result of crude bombing techniques and mechanisms at the time. The Third Fleet consisting of the First Carrier Division with the carriers Kaga and Hōshō was also dispatched to the city. Kaga arrived off the entrance of the Yangtze River on 1 February, and was joined by Hōshō two days later. On board Hōshō were ten fighters and nine torpedo bombers, while Kaga had 16 fighters and 32 torpedo bombers. Altogether, the Japanese had eighty aircraft that could be deployed over Shanghai, mostly Nakajima A1N2 fighters and Mitsubishi B1M3 torpedo bombers. On 3 February, a number of the aircraft from the two carriers were deployed to Kunda Airfield, where they flew missions in support of Japanese ground forces.
Aircraft from Hōshō participated in the IJN's first aerial combat on 5 February, when three fighters escorting two bombers were engaged by nine Chinese fighters over Zhenru; one Chinese fighter was damaged. On 22 February, while escorting three B1M3 torpedo bombers, three fighters from Kaga operating from Kunda Airfield scored the IJN's first aerial victory when they shot down a Boeing 218 fighter, flown by an American volunteer pilot Robert Short. After gaining intelligence that the Chinese were planning to mount a counteroffensive, the Japanese bombers carried out attacks on Chinese airfields at Hangzhou and Suzhou between 23 and 26 February, destroying a number of aircraft on the ground. On 26 February, six A1N2 fighters from Hōshō, while escorting nine bombers from Kaga on a bombing raid on an airfield at Hangzhou, engaged five Chinese aircraft and shot down three of them. The Japanese carriers returned to home waters after a cease-fire had been declared on 3 March. Aircrews of Kaga received a special commendation from the commander of the Third Fleet, Vice Admiral Kichisaburō Nomura, for their actions.
The actions of the Japanese aviators over Shanghai represented the first significant air operations over East Asia and for the IJN it also marked the first combat operations from its aircraft carriers. The attack on Zhabei was also the most destructive aerial attack on an urban area until the Condor Legion's attack on Guernica, five years later. Although perceived as insignificant skirmishes, the resulting aerial campaign led to several conclusions: though the A1N2 fighter proved to be inferior in performance to the Boeing 218, the campaign had demonstrated the above average flying skills of the IJN's pilots and the relative precision of its bombing techniques during clear weather.
China War (1937–1941)
From the onset of hostilities in 1937 until forces were diverted to combat for the Pacific war in 1941, naval aircraft played a key role in military operations on the Chinese mainland. The IJN had two primary responsibilities: the first was to support of amphibious operations on the Chinese coast and the second was the strategic aerial bombardment of Chinese cities. This was unique in naval history, as it was the first time that any naval air service had ever carried out such an effort. The campaign initially began in 1937, taking place largely in the Yangtze River basin with attacks on military installations along the Chinese coast by Japanese carrier aircraft. Naval involvement reached its peak in 1938–39 with the ferocious bombardment of cities deep in the Chinese interior by land-based medium bombers and concluded during 1941 with an attempt by tactical aircraft, both carrier and land-based, to cut communication and transportation routes in southern China. Although, the 1937–41 air offensives failed in its political and psychological aims, it did reduce the flow of strategic materiel to China and for a time, improved the Japanese military situation in the central and southern parts of the country. The China War was of great importance and value to the Japanese naval aviation in demonstrating how aircraft could contribute to the projection of naval power ashore.
Despite the fierce rivalry between the military branches, in the fall of 1937 General Matsui Iwane, the Army general in command of the theater, admitted the superiority of the Naval Air Services. His combat troops relied on the Navy for air support. Naval bombers such as the Mitsubishi G3M and Mitsubishi G4M were used to bomb Chinese cities. Japanese fighter planes, notably the Mitsubishi Zero, gained tactical air superiority; control of the skies over China belonged to the Japanese. Unlike other naval airforces, the IJNAS was responsible for strategic bombing and operated long ranged bombers.
The Japanese strategic bombing was mostly done against Chinese big cities, such as Shanghai, Wuhan and Chonging, with around 5,000 raids from February 1938 to August 1943.
The bombing of Nanjing and Guangzhou, which began on 22 and 23 September 1937, called forth widespread protests culminating in a resolution by the Far Eastern Advisory Committee of the League of Nations. Lord Cranborne, the British Under-Secretary of State For Foreign Affairs, expressed his indignation in his own declaration.
Pacific war
At the beginning of the Pacific war the Imperial Japanese Navy possessed the most powerful carrier force in the world, through combination of excellent ships, well-designed aircraft, and unsurpassed aviators.
The Navy Air Service consisted of five naval air fleets. The Japanese had a total of ten aircraft carriers: six fleet carriers, three smaller carriers, and one training carrier. The 11th Air Fleet: contained most of the Navy's land based strike aircraft. One important advantage exercised by the Japanese at the start of the war was their ability to mass carrier air power. In April 1941 the First Air Fleet was created, concentrating the Navy's carriers into a single powerful striking unit. The Kido Butai (Mobile Unit/Force) was the First Air Fleet's operational component. At the start of the war, three carrier divisions made up the Kido Butai. Unlike in the United States Navy where carrier divisions served only in an administrative capacity, the carrier divisions of the Kido Butai were operational entities. The two carriers in a division fought together, often exchanging aircraft squadrons and commanders on strikes. The commander of the Kido Butai could wield the aircraft of its three divisions as a single entity bringing masses of aircraft crewed by highly trained aviators onto a single target.
During the first six months of the war Japanese naval air power achieved spectacular success and spearheaded offensive operations against Allied forces. On 7 December 1941, the IJN's Kido Butai attacked Pearl Harbor, crippling the U.S Pacific Fleet by destroying over 188 aircraft at the cost of 29 aircraft. On 10 December, Japanese naval land based bombers operating from bases in Indochina, were also responsible for the sinkings of HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse which was the first time that capital ships were sunk by aerial attack while underway. In April 1942, the Indian Ocean raid drove the Royal Navy from South East Asia. There were also air raids carried out on the Philippines and Darwin in northern Australia.
In these battles, the Japanese veterans of the Chinese war did well against inexperienced Allied pilots flying obsolete aircraft. However, their advantage did not last. In the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, and again in the Guadalcanal Campaign, the Japanese lost many veteran pilots. Because the Japanese pilot training program was unable to increase its production rate, those veterans could not be replaced. Meanwhile, the American pilot training program went from strength to strength. The American aircraft industry rapidly increased production rates of new designs that rendered their Japanese opponents obsolescent. Examination of crashed or captured Japanese aircraft revealed that they achieved their superior range and maneuverability by doing without cockpit armor and self-sealing fuel tanks. Flight tests showed that they lost maneuverability at high speeds. American pilots were trained to take advantage of these weaknesses. The outdated Japanese aircraft and poorly trained pilots suffered great losses in any air combat for the rest of the war, particularly in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. In the Battle of Leyte Gulf a few months later, the First Air Fleet was used only as a decoy force to draw the main American fleet away from Leyte. The remnants of Japanese naval aviation were then limited to land-based operations, increasingly characterized by kamikaze attacks on American invasion fleets.
From 16 December 1941 to 20 March 1945 IJN aviation casualties killed were 14,242 aircrew and 1,579 officers.
Aircraft strength 1941
The IJNAS had over 3,089 aircraft in 1941 and 370 trainers.
1,830 first-line aircraft including:
660 fighters, 350 Mitsubishi Zeros
330 carrier-based strike aircraft
240 land-based, twin-engined bombers
520 seaplanes (includes fighters and reconnaissance) and flying boats.
Organization
The elite of the pilots were the carrier-based air groups (Kōkūtai, later called koku sentai) whose size (from a handful to 80 or 90 aircraft) was dependent on both the mission and type of aircraft carrier that they were on. Fleet carriers had three types of aircraft: fighters, level/torpedo planes, and dive bombers. Smaller carriers tended to have only two types, fighters and level/torpedo planes. The carrier-based Kōkūtai numbered over 1,500 pilots and just as many aircraft at the beginning of the Pacific War. The IJN also maintained a shore-based system of naval air fleets called Koku Kantai and area air fleets called homen kantai containing mostly twin-engine bombers and seaplanes. The senior command was the Eleventh Naval Air Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Nishizō Tsukahara. Land based aircraft provided the bulk of Japan's naval aviation up to the eve of World War II.
Each naval air fleet contained one or more naval air flotillas (commanded by Rear Admirals) each with two or more naval air groups. Each naval air group consisted of a base unit and 12 to 36 aircraft, plus four to 12 aircraft in reserve. Each naval air group consisted of several of nine, 12 or 16 aircraft; this was the main IJN Air Service combat unit and was equivalent to a in the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service. Each hikotai was commanded by a Lieutenant (j.g.), Warrant Officer, or experienced Chief Petty Officer, while most pilots were non-commissioned officers. There were usually four sections in each hikotai, each with three or four aircraft; by mid-1944 it was common for a shotai to have four aircraft. There were over 90 naval air groups at the start of the Pacific War, each assigned either a name or a number. The named naval air groups were usually linked to a particular navy air command or a navy base. They were usually numbered when they left Japan.
See also
List of military aircraft of Japan
Pilot training in the Imperial Japanese Navy
Imperial Japanese Navy Aviation Bureau
Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
List of A6M Reisen operators
List of Japanese Navy Air Force aces (Mitsubishi A6M)
Daitai Transport Unit
List of radar models of the Imperial Japanese Navy
List of bombs used by the Imperial Japanese Navy
List of weapons on Japanese combat aircraft
List of Aircraft engines in use of Japanese Navy Air Force
Japanese marine paratroopers of World War II
WWII Battle of Japan (Air War)
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
Francillon, Ph.D., René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1970. (2nd edition 1979, ).
Gilbert, Martin (ed.). Illustrated London News: Marching to War, 1933–1939. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
Thorpe, Donald W. Japanese Naval Air Force Camouflage and Markings World War II. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1977. (hardcover, paperback ).
Tagaya, Osamu: "The Imperial Japanese Air Forces", In: Higham & Harris. Why Air Forces Fail: The Anatomy of Defeat. University Press of Kentucky
Sweet creative (ed.). Zerosen no himitsu. PHP kenkyusho, 2009. .
Assignment of naval air group numbers (海軍航空隊番号附与標準, Kaigun Kōkūtai-bangō fuyo Hyōjun), 1 November 1942, Naval Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of the Navy
Senshi Sōsho, Asagumo Simbun (Japan)
Vol. 39, Combined Fleet #4, "First part of the Third step Operations", 1970
Vol. 45, Combined Fleet #6, "Latter part of the Third step Operations", 1971
Vol. 71, Combined Fleet #5, "Middle part of the Third step Operations", 1974
Vol. 77, Combined Fleet #3, "Until February 1943", 1974
Vol. 80, Combined Fleet #2, "Until June 1942", 1975
Vol. 91, Combined Fleet #1, "Until outbreak of war", 1975
Vol. 93, Combined Fleet #7, "Last part of the War", 1976
Vol. 95, History and summary of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, 1976
External links
http://www.combinedfleet.com/kaigun.htm (see the section of Japanese Navy Aircraft)
http://www.warbirdpix.com/ (link with somes photos of Axis Aircraft (German, Italian and Japanese Army and Navy)
http://www.j-aircraft.org/xplanes/ (about advanced Japanese Army and Navy aircraft)
https://web.archive.org/web/20091027182301/http://uk.geocities.com/sadakichi09/ (over Japanese Navy and Army armaments, vehicles, Aircraft, electronic warfare and somes local special Japanese weapon technology )
http://www.j-aircraft.com/captured/ (somes captured aircraft or aircraft in evaluations)
http://www.j-aircraft.com/ (general resources of Japanese aircraft)
Japanese naval aviators
Imperial Japanese Navy
Japanese Air Force
Disbanded air forces
Naval history of World War II
Aviation history of Japan |
180783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20Hermann%20Francke | August Hermann Francke | August Hermann Francke (; 22 March 1663 – 8 June 1727) was a German Lutheran clergyman, theologian, philanthropist, and Biblical scholar.
Biography
Born in Lübeck, Francke was educated at the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha before he studied at the universities of Erfurt and Kiel — where he came under the influence of the pietist Christian Kortholt — and finally Leipzig. During his student career he made a special study of Hebrew and Greek; and in order to learn Hebrew more thoroughly, he for some time put himself under the instructions of Ezra Edzardi at Hamburg. He graduated at Leipzig, where in 1685 he became a Privatdozent.
A year later, by the help of his friend P. Anton, and with the approval and encouragement of Philipp Jakob Spener, he founded the Collegium Philobiblicum, at which a number of graduates met regularly for the systematic study of the Bible, philologically and practically. He next spent some months at Lüneburg as assistant or curate to the learned superintendent, K. H. Sandhagen, and there his religious beliefs deepened. On leaving Lüneburg he spent some time in Hamburg, where he became a teacher in a private school, and made the acquaintance of Nikolaus Lange.
After a long visit to Spener, at that time a court preacher in Dresden, Francke returned to Leipzig in the spring of 1689, and began to give Bible lectures of an exegetical and practical kind, at the same time resuming the Collegium Philobiblicum of earlier days. He soon became popular as a lecturer; but the peculiarities of his teaching almost immediately aroused a violent opposition on the part of the university authorities; and before the end of the year he was interdicted from lecturing on the ground of his alleged pietism. That was how Francke's name first came to be publicly associated with that of Spener, and with pietism. Prohibited from lecturing in Leipzig, Francke in 1690 found work at Erfurt as "deacon" of one of the city churches. Here his evangelistic fervour attracted multitudes to his preaching, including Roman Catholics, but at the same time excited the anger of his opponents; and the result of their opposition was that after a ministry of fifteen months he was commanded by the civil authorities (27 September 1691) to leave Erfurt within forty-eight hours. That same year Spener was expelled from Dresden.
In December, through Spener's influence, Francke accepted an invitation to fill the chair of Greek and oriental languages in the new University of Halle, which was at that time being organized by the elector Frederick III of Brandenburg; and at the same time, the chair having no salary attached to it, he was appointed pastor of Glaucha in the immediate neighbourhood of the town. He afterwards became professor of theology. Here, for the remaining thirty-six years of his life, he discharged the twofold office of pastor and professor with energy and success.
At the very outset of his labours, he had been profoundly impressed with a sense of his responsibility towards the numerous outcast children who were growing up around him in ignorance and crime. After a number of tentative plans, he resolved in 1695 to institute what is often called a "ragged school," supported by public charity. A single room was at first sufficient, but within a year it was found necessary to purchase a house, to which another was added in 1697.
In 1698, there were 100 orphans under his charge to be clothed and fed, besides 500 children who were taught as day scholars. The schools grew in importance and were later known as the Franckesche Stiftungen. The education given was strictly religious. Hebrew was included, while the Greek and Latin classics were neglected; the Homilies of Macarius took the place of Thucydides. A chemist, whom Francke had visited on his deathbed, bequeathed to him the recipe for compounding certain medicines, which afterwards yielded an annual income of more than $20,000, and made the institution independent. Shortly after its founding, the institution comprised an orphan asylum, a Latin school, a German (or burgher) school, and a seminary for training teachers for these establishments. Although Francke's principal aim was religious instruction, he also taught natural science and physical exercises and manual trades. He ran an apothecary's shop and, having assisted his friend Carl Hildebrand von Canstein in founding the first modern Bible society, a printing press for publishing cheap copies of the Bible for mass distribution. At the time of Francke's death, the schools were frequented by more than 2,300 pupils. Francke's schools provided a prototype which greatly influenced later German education.
In his university teaching as well, he gave great emphasis to religion. Even as professor of Greek, he had given great prominence in his lectures to the study of the Scriptures; but he found a much more congenial sphere when, in 1698, he was appointed to the chair of theology. Yet his first courses of lectures in that department were readings and expositions of the Old and New Testament; and to this, as also to hermeneutics, he always attached special importance, believing that for theology a sound exegesis was the one indispensable requisite. "Theologus nascitur in scripturis," he used to say; but during his occupancy of the theological chair he lectured at various times upon other branches of theology also. Amongst his colleagues were Paul Anton, Joachim J. Breithaupt, Joachim Lange and Johann Juncker—men who shared his beliefs. Through their influence upon the students, Halle became a centre from which pietism became very widely diffused over Germany. Under Francke's influence, Christian missionary efforts were greatly enhanced, zeal was aroused and recruits for Christian missions were gained, and Halle also became the centre for Danish-Halle Mission to India.
Works
Francke's principal contributions to theological literature were: (1693); (1717); (1724); and (1726-1736). The Manuductio was translated into English in 1813, under the title A Guide to the Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures.
An account of his orphanage, entitled , (1709), which subsequently passed through several editions, has also been partially translated, under the title The Footsteps of Divine Providence, or, The Bountiful Hand of Heaven Defraying the Expenses of Faith.
Francke, August Hermann (1704): August Hermann Franckes Schrift über eine Reform des Erziehungs- und Bildungswesens als Ausgangspunkt einer geistlichen und sozialen Neuordnung der Evangelischen Kirche des 18. Jahrhunderts: der Grosse Aufsatz. Mit einer quellenkundlichen Einführung. Hrsg. v. Otto Podczeck. Berlin. Akademie 1962.
Notes
References
.
Brigitte Klosterberg: "The “Mission Archives” in the Archives of the Francke Foundations in Halle." in: MIDA Archival Reflexicon (2020), ISSN 2628-5029, 9 pp.
Attribution
Further reading
Sattler, Gary R. (1982). God's Glory, Neighbor's Good: A brief introduction to the life and writings of August Hermann Francke. Chicago: Covenant Press. .
Yoder, Peter James (2021). Pietism and the Sacraments: The Life and Theology of August Hermann Francke. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. .
External links
Augustus Hermann Francke Christ the sum and substance of all the Holy Scriptures, in the Old and New Testament Published 1732
Augustus Hermann Francke Nicodemus, or, A treatise against the fear of man Published 1831
Augustus Hermann Francke A guide to the reading and study of the Holy Scriptures Published 1823
Heinrich Ernst Ferdinand Guericke, 1803-1878 Life of Augustus Herman Franke Published 1847
Memoirs of Augustus Hermann Francke by American Sunday-School Union 1831
1663 births
1727 deaths
Clergy from Lübeck
German Lutheran theologians
17th-century Latin-language writers
18th-century Latin-language writers
18th-century German male writers
17th-century Lutherans
18th-century Lutherans
Christian Hebraists
People from the Duchy of Magdeburg
18th-century German Protestant theologians
German male non-fiction writers
Georgia Salzburgers |
48148376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lance%20Taylor%20%28footballer%29 | Lance Taylor (footballer) | Lance Taylor (born 4 May 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
Living people
1952 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
St Kilda Football Club players
Oakleigh Football Club players |
12068006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide%20Cavallari | Aristide Cavallari | Aristide Cavallari (8 February 1849 – 24 November 1914) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Patriarch of Venice.
Early life
Aristide Cavallari was born in Chioggia, Italy. He was educated at the Seminary of Chioggia, where he studied for the three years of theology. His family moved to Venice, where he continued his studies at the Patriarchal Seminary of Venice.
Priesthood
He was ordained to the priesthood on 27 September 1872 by Cardinal Giuseppe Luigi Trevisanato, then Patriarch of Venice. After his ordination he did pastoral work in Venice, and also worked in the offices of the patriarchal curia.
Episcopate
Pope Pius X, Patriarch of Venice until his election as Pope, soon appointed Cavallari titular bishop of Philadelphia, and auxiliary bishop of Venice on 22 August 1903 and had him consecrated the next day in Rome by Cardinal Francesco Satolli. While the search for a new Patriarch was ongoing, Cavallari was named vicar general of Venice in January 1904. He exercised these offices until he himself was promoted to the patriarchal see of Venice on 15 April 1904 to fill the vacancy left by the election of Pius X.
Cardinalate
He was created Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Cosmedin (deaconry elevated pro hac vice to title) in the consistory of 15 April 1907. He participated in the conclave of 1914 that elected Pope Benedict XV. He died shortly after this in November 1914. His remains were transferred to the Patriarchal Cathedral of Venice in November 1957.
References
1849 births
1914 deaths
20th-century Italian cardinals
People from Chioggia
Patriarchs of Venice
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
Cardinals created by Pope Pius X |
35625651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhaul%20Khurd | Madhaul Khurd | Madhaul Khurd is a village in Desri community development block in Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar. The main Post office is Desari and pin code of Madhaul is 844504
Demography
The total population of the village is 1,010 as per 2001 census. The overall literacy rate is 68.86% . The female literacy rate is 50.51% while the male literacy rate is 85.1%.
Education
The college in Desri Block named Sant Kabir Mahant Ram Dayal Das Intermediate Mahavidalay, Bidupur. GPS Madhaul Khurd is the government school in the village.
Economy
The Village had been electrified under the Grameen Vidutikaran yojana.
Geography
Transport
Desari railway station is the main railway station here.
Culture
Apart from the language Hindi, the local language spoken by the people is Vajjika.
Festivals
Holi, Durga Puja, Deepawali and Chhath Puja are the prime festivals. People also celebrate Rakshabandhan, Janmashtmi, Shivratri, Makar Sankranti, Saraswati Puja and other local festivals.
References
Villages in Vaishali district |
33539823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Rio%20Blanco | Project Rio Blanco | Project Rio Blanco was an underground nuclear test that took place on May 17, 1973 in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, approximately 36 miles (58 km) northwest of Rifle.
Three 33-kiloton nuclear devices were detonated nearly simultaneously in a single emplacement well at depths of below ground level. The tests were conducted in fine-grain, low-permeability sandstone lenses at the base of the Fort Union Formation and the upper portion of the Mesaverde Formation.
This was the third and final natural-gas-reservoir stimulation test in the Plowshare program, which was designed to develop peaceful uses for nuclear explosives. The two previous tests were Project Gasbuggy in New Mexico and Project Rulison in Colorado.
The United States Atomic Energy Commission conducted the test in partnership with CER Geonuclear Corporation and Continental Oil Company.
A placard, erected in 1976, now marks the site where the test was conducted. The site is accessible via a dirt road, Rio Blanco County Route 29.
Devices
As the creation of tritium was of greatest concern, the three devices used were specially designed to reduce tritium production, creating less than tritium each, primarily from the medium surrounding the devices. The reduce emplacement costs, the devices were very narrow in diameter, less than wide.
References
Explosions in 1973
May 1973 events in the United States
American nuclear weapons testing
American nuclear test sites
Explosions in the United States
Peaceful nuclear explosions
Rio Blanco County, Colorado
Underground nuclear weapons testing
1973 in Colorado |
63109436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Radke | Alfred Radke | Alfred Radke (born 9 October 1934) is a German sports shooter. He competed in the men's 25 metre rapid fire pistol event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
References
1934 births
Living people
German male sport shooters
Olympic shooters of West Germany
Shooters at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Berlin |
6299631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilberstein | Zilberstein | Zilberstein (name) may refer to:
Osher Zilberstein, European-born American rabbi.
Yitzchok Zilberstein, Polish-born Haredi rabbi in Israel.
Lilya Zilberstein, Russian pianist. |
47550679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English%20Striptease | English Striptease | English Striptease (Spanish:Strip-tease a la inglesa) is a 1975 Spanish comedy film directed by José Luis Madrid and starring Carmen Sevilla, Teresa Gimpera and Ágata Lys.
Cast
Teresa Gimpera
Ágata Lys
Juanito Navarro
Antonio Ozores
José Sazatornil
Carmen Sevilla
References
Bibliography
Bentley, Bernard. A Companion to Spanish Cinema. Boydell & Brewer 2008.
External links
1975 films
Spanish films
Spanish comedy films
1975 comedy films
Spanish-language films
Films directed by José Luis Madrid |
22722596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20De%20Smedt | Julien De Smedt | Julien De Smedt (born 1975 in Brussels, Belgium) is the founder and director of JDS Architects based in Brussels, Copenhagen, Belo Horizonte and Shanghai. Projects include the VM Housing Complex, the Mountain Dwellings, the Maritime Youth House and the Holmenkollen Ski Jump.
Prior to founding JDS Architects, De Smedt worked with OMA/Rem Koolhaas, Rotterdam and co-founded and directed with Bjarke Ingels the architecture firm PLOT in Copenhagen.
Among other awards and recognitions, De Smedt received the Henning Larsen Prize in 2003 and an Eckersberg medal in 2005. In 2004 the Stavanger Concert Hall was appointed Worldʼs Best Concert Hall at the Venice Biennale, and the Maritime Youth House won the AR+D award in London and was nominated for the Mies van der Rohe award. In 2009, De Smedt received the Maaskant prize of Architecture, and in 2011 he received the WAN-World Architecture News ʼ21 for 21ʼ Award leading architects of the 21st century.
De Smedt has given lectures and been exhibited in numerous locations around the world. His academic contributions include visiting professorships in Rice and Lexington University. JDS Architects released 2 monographs entitled PIXL to XL and Agenda which are distributed worldwide.
Career
De Smedt was born in Brussels. After attending schools in Brussels, Paris, Los Angeles and London, he received a diploma with commendation from the Bartlett School of Architecture in London in 2000. He then went to Rotterdam to work for Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) and Rem Koolhaas.
In 2001 he went to Copenhagen to set up the architectural practice PLOT together with OMA colleague Bjarke Ingels. The company fast achieved success and received significant national and international recognition for their inventive designs. This included several commissions and competition wins as well as a Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2004 for a proposal for a new music house for Stavanger, Norway. Their first major project to be realized was the award-winning VM Houses in Ørestad, Copenhagen in 2005. In spite of the success and attention, PLOT was disbanded in January 2006 and Julien De Smedt founded Julien De Smedt Architects (often referred to as JDS), while his former partner founded Bjarke Ingels Group.
In 2007 JDS won their first major project with the international competition for the New Holmenkollen Ski Jump in Oslo, one of the city's major landmarks. Other major competition wins include a residential project in the old docklands of Århus, Denmark, and a Harbour development project in Copenhagen.
Since 2013 Julien De Smedt is also board member of Magazine A10. The magazine was established by architecture critic Hans Ibelings and graphic designer Arjan Groot in close collaboration with initial shareholder RSM Group. Currently A10 is published by A10 Publishers, founded by Reinhart Reynders and Benno Savelkoel of RSM Group.
Selected projects
The Wave Harbourfront Development, Copenhagen (competition win)
Belgian and European pavilion Shanghai expo, China (completed 2009)
The Beirut house of arts and culture, Lebanon (settled 2009)
The Encants market, Barcelona (settled 2008)
Waterfront, Rimini, Italy (ongoing 2008)
Two Seasons Hotel, Stavanger, Norway (competition win 2008)
Iceberg Project, Århus Docklands (competition win 2008)
New Holmenkollen Ski Jump (competition win 2009, completion 2011)
Mountain Dwellings, Ørestad, Copenhagen (completed 2008)
People's Building, Shanghai, China (settled 2004)
The BE Buildings, Brussels (ongoing 2007)
The Twirl House, Taiwan ( ongoing 2007)
Headquarters for Sjakket, Copenhagen (completed 2007)
Mondri and Elano Hotel, Las Vegas (submitted 2006)
Helsingør Psychiatric Hospital, Elsinore, Denmark (completed 2005/2006/competition win)
VM Houses, Ørestad, Denmark (completed 2005/ Scandinavian Forum Prize 2006, Copenhagen's Municipality Prize 2006, Mies van der Rohe Prize Nomination 2007)
The Battery, Copenhagen, Denmark (ongoing 2005)
Maritime Youth House, Amager (completion 2004, DK, competition win)
Islands Brygge Harbor Bath, Copenhagen, DK, Completed 2003)
Hysociety, Copenhagen, Denmark (settled 2003)
Superharbour, Fehmern Belt, Denmark, Germany (settled 2003)
Awards
2013 Architizer A+ Award, Best Sport Venue (for The Holmenkollen Ski Jump)
2013 Architizer A+ Award, Best Residential (for The Iceberg)
2013 MIPIM Award, Best Residential (for The Iceberg)
World Architecture Festival Award for Best Residential Building 2008 (for VM Mountain Dwellings)
2008 MIPIM Residential Developments Award (for VM Mountain Dwellings)
Forum AID Award for Best Building in Scandinavia 2008 (for VM Mountain Dwellings)
2007 Contract World Award for Best Interior (for Headquarters for Sjakket)
2007 IOC Honorable Mention - Islands Brygge Harbor Bath
2007 Mies van der Rohe Award Traveling Exhibition - VM-houses
FORUM AID Award, Best Building in Scandinavia 2006 (for VM Houses)
2005 Mies van der Rohe Award- Special Mention (for Maritime Youth House)
2004 Copenhagen Award for Architecture (for Maritime Youth House)
2004 ar+d award for the Maritime Youth House
Golden Lion 2004, Venice Biennale (for Stavanger Concert Hall)
2003 Scanorama Design Award
2003 Henning Larsen Prize
2002 Nykredit Architecture Prize
2001 Henning Larsen Prize
References
External links
Official web site
1975 births
Living people
Danish architects
21st-century Belgian architects
Belgian expatriates in Denmark
Recipients of the Eckersberg Medal
Alumni of The Bartlett |
20583728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Hobart%20Town | Electoral district of Hobart Town | The electoral district of Hobart Town was a multi-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in Tasmania's capital city, Hobart, and its suburbs.
The seat was created as a five-member seat ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished at the 1871 election, when it was divided up into the seats of Central, East, North, South and West Hobart.
The seat was later recombined in 1897 as the seat of Hobart.
Members for Hobart Town
References
Parliament of Tasmania (2006). The Parliament of Tasmania from 1956
Hobart Town |
5611688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsutomu%20%C5%8Chashi | Tsutomu Ōhashi | is a Japanese artist and scientist. He is also known by his pseudonym, .
Early life
Born in Tochigi Prefecture, he attended Tohoku University and graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture. He received a Doctorate of Agriculture.
Career
He held positions such as Instructor at Tsukuba University, Professor at the National Institute of Multimedia Education, Professor at Chiba Institute of Technology, and General manager at the Department of KANSEI Brain Science, ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories.
While he is a composer, conductor, and producer, as a scientist he has interests including environmental science, information science, Kansei engineering, production engineering, molecular biology, artificial life, and anthropology.
In 1974, he founded the Geinoh Yamashirogumi, which is a Japanese musical collective consisting of hundreds of different people, among them journalists, doctors, engineers, students, businessmen, etc. He is also known for composing and conducting the score for the renowned 1988 anime film Akira under his pseudonym, Shoji Yamashiro.
He is the President of the Yamashiro Institute of Science and Culture and the
Director and chief researcher of the Foundation for the Advancement of International Science.
Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Tsutomu Ōhashi, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 10+ works in 10+ publications in 5 language and 400+ library holdings.
群れ創り学 (1981)
「仮面考」シンポジウム (1982)
情緖ロボットの世界 (1985)
Akira (1988)
情報環境学 (1989)
ピグミ－の脳, 西洋人の脳 : 夢舞亭対話 (1992)
音と文明 : 音の環境学ことはじめ (2003)
See also
Hypersonic effect
Notes
External links
Geinoh Yamashirogumi's website
1933 births
Anime composers
Artists from Tochigi Prefecture
Japanese composers
Japanese film score composers
Japanese male composers
Japanese male film score composers
Living people
People from Tochigi Prefecture
Tohoku University alumni |
15706880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landelles | Landelles | Landelles () is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Eure-et-Loir department
References
Communes of Eure-et-Loir |
11108510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Gertrude%20High%20School | Saint Gertrude High School | Saint Gertrude High School is an independent Catholic college preparatory day school for young women grades 9-12 in Richmond, Virginia. It was founded in 1922 by the Benedictine Sisters of Virginia, of Bristow Monastery, and is still owned and governed by the order, although the day-to-day operations are run by lay administrative and teaching staff. The school's goal is to provide young women with an academic education in an environment of Christian values and cultural diversity.
History
Saint Gertrude was built in 1913 to provide a home and a chapel for the Benedictine Sisters who taught at Saint Mary’s School on Fourth and Marshall Streets in Richmond. The building had two rooms used as a small private elementary school and housed a care center for exceptional children which was later discontinued.
In 1922, Saint Edith Academy, a boarding school for girls at Bristow, Virginia was closed, and the high school department was transferred to Saint Gertrude in Richmond. Sister Gertrude Head, the first principal, and a three-member faculty began the educational program for eight students. In the course of the first year, the enrollment increased to twenty-six.
The school continued to operate solely in the original building until a new classroom wing was added in 1956. These two structures then made up the school building for nearly twenty years, until the 1973 addition was completed. The newest addition, dedicated on May 2005, houses a new library/media Center, athletic facility, and science labs.
At the very onset, the school was affiliated with the Catholic University of America. In 1925, Saint Gertrude was accredited by the Virginia State Board of Education and in 1942 by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 1978, the school became a member of the Virginia Association of Independent Schools. Saint Gertrude’s accreditation continues to be through VAIS and SACS, which are affiliated with the Virginia Council of Private Education. Saint Gertrude High School was awarded "Blue Ribbon School" designation in 1996.
Athletics
The school fields 17 teams in 12 sports. Teams offered by season include: Fall: Tennis, Volleyball (JV and Varsity), Field Hockey (JV and Varsity), Cross Country; Winter: Basketball (JV White, JV Green, Varsity), Indoor Track, Swimming; Spring: Softball, Soccer (JV and Varsity), Lacrosse, Outdoor Track, Golf.
Song Contest
Song Contest is a musical competition among the four classes, held every year at the Altria Theater in downtown Richmond. Over 3,000 people pack in to see each class present a program of familiar tunes with original lyrics, along with the Saint Gertrude High School Alma mater. Judging is based on music, lyrics, spirit, leaders, and class participation. The order of class performance has been determined by a drawing.
The event was started in 1950 by Mary Anne Waymack and the school’s athletic association and follows the tradition of choral tournaments at women-only schools such as Pittsburgh's Chatham University, which has a similar contest. The competition started in the basement classrooms of Saint Gertrude, a space students affectionately call "the dungeon." The yearly event subsequently outgrew the Benedictine High School gym, the Arthur Ashe Center and the Carpenter Center, and this year's Song Contest will take place at the 3,565-seat Altria Theater.
Each class is represented by their class colors, and a first and second place is awarded by three judges, one of whom is an alumna of the school and two others who have been selected for their musical background and expertise. The first-place winners of Song Contest 2020 was the class of Black and Gold.
In the week leading up to Song Contest, the classes decorate the hallways with their colors and theme, perform for their classmates, and rehearse.
Notable alumnae
Leslie Bibb, actress, model
Maura Soden, actress, producer
Notes and references
External links
Benedictine Sisters of Virginia
Song Contest 2019 Winning Performance
Catholic secondary schools in Virginia
Educational institutions established in 1913
Girls' schools in Virginia
High schools in Richmond, Virginia
Benedictine secondary schools
Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond
1913 establishments in Virginia |
5600066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fury%20of%20the%20Furries | Fury of the Furries | Fury of the Furries is a puzzle-platform game developed by Kalisto and published by Mindscape for Amiga, Amiga CD32, Macintosh, and DOS. It was later relicensed by Namco as Pac-In-Time, replacing the characters to fit the Pac-Man franchise.
Plot
A group of Tinies return to their home planet after a voyage in space. They find out that their beautiful home has been turned into a horrid place by The Wicked One, a dark and cunning Tiny with a giant fang jutting from its mouth. The player controls a Tiny, who must defeat The Wicked One, who has captured the king and turned all the Tinies into mindless monsters by using a device simply referred to as "the machine".
Gameplay
The player guides a small furry, bouncy and fragile Tiny across eight regions of the land, Desert, Lagoon, Forest, Pyramids, Mountains, Factory, Village, and finally the Castle where one must defeat the Wicked One. The regions each have unique music, color schemes and styles. Each has 10 separate levels and a collection of secret bonus levels. The final stage of the game has the player entering the machine (which turns out to be a large industrial complex) and destroying it. Along the way the player must avoid various perils, such as monsters, spikes and acid.
The game's primary unique feature is Tiny's ability to transform itself into four different forms: yellow, green, red and blue. Different skills are required at different points, and not all forms are available in all levels. Particularly in levels which are primarily puzzlers, the player may encounter fields which activate and deactivate certain powers.
In its yellow form, it controls the element of fire, allowing it to shoot fireballs. In its red form, it controls the element of earth, allowing it to eat through some elements of the scenery. In its green form, it controls the element of air, allowing it to produce ropes from its hands to swing around the environment and it can also pull different objects with its rope. In its blue form, it controls the element of water, allowing the ability to dive underwater and shooting bubbles that damage hostiles.
Reception
Computer Gaming World in April 1994 said that Fury of the Furries "sports an awful plot and totally unoriginal gameplay, but it has good graphics and is quite addictive ... unoriginal, bland and safe".
In 1994, PC Gamer UK named Fury of the Furries the 40th best computer game of all time. The editors called it "a must for anyone with a huge arcade appetite."
Legacy
In 1994 Fury of the Furries was licensed to Namco which changed the graphics & music, and released the game as Pac-In-Time as part of the Pac-Man franchise. The MS-DOS and Macintosh versions of the game are mostly identical to the original, but with Pac-Man as the protagonist.
References
External links
Fury of the Furries at Lemon Amiga
Original Soundtrack (Amiga)
Original Soundtrack (AdLib)
Classic Mac OS games
Amiga games
Amiga CD32 games
DOS games
Puzzle-platform games
Video games developed in France
Video games scored by Frédéric Motte
1993 video games |
5588922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanine%20Basinger | Jeanine Basinger | Jeanine Basinger (born 3 February 1936), a film historian, is the Corwin-Fuller Professor of Film Studies and Founder and Curator of The Cinema Archives at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut.
Education
She attended and received her BS and MS from South Dakota St University
Career
She is also a trustee emeritus of the American Film Institute, a member of the Steering Committee of the National Center for Film and Video Preservation, and one of the Board of Advisors for the Association of Independent Video and Filmmakers. On February 11, 2005, she was named to the board of directors of the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. She has a BS and MS from South Dakota State University.
Legacy
Basinger has been described as "one of the most important film scholars alive today." Among other accomplishments, she is credited with having built Wesleyan's Film Studies program into one of the ten best film schools in the world. "A shockingly disproportionate number of Hollywood movers and shakers" are graduates of the program. Graduates include Akiva Goldsman, Joss Whedon, Michael Bay, Paul Weitz, Laurence Mark, Paul Schiff, Gary Walkow, Alex Kurtzman, Bruce Eric Kaplan, Toby Emmerich, Nick Meyer, Marc Shmuger, Rick Nicita, Bradley Fuller, Dana Delany, Stephen Schiff, Rodger Grossman, Toni Ross, Bradley Whitford, Domenica Cameron-Scorsese, Liz Garcia, Jon Turteltaub, Owen Renfroe, Jeffrey Lane, Ed Decter, Zak Penn, Jeremy Arnold and Miguel Arteta.
She has appeared in numerous documentaries, and also in a dramatic role in A Better Way to Die (2000). In 2006 she participated in Wanderlust, a documentary film on road movies and their effect on American culture.
Awards
1996 Wesleyan Binswanger Prize for Excellence in Teaching
1999 National Board of Review's William K. Everson Prize for Film History for Silent Stars
2005 Governor's Arts and Tourism Award from the Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism
Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from the American Film Institute on June 7, 2006
2008 Theatre Library Association Award for The Star Machine
2013 Wesleyan Binswanger Prize for Excellence in Teaching
Works
Books
The World War II Combat Film: Anatomy of a Genre (1985, 2003)
Anthony Mann: A Critical Study
The It's a Wonderful Life Book
Shirley Temple (1975)
Lana Turner (1976)
Gene Kelly (1976)
A Woman's View: How Hollywood Spoke to Women 1930-1960 (1993)
American Cinema: 100 Years of Filmmaking (companion book for a PBS series).
Silent Stars (1999)
The Star Machine, Alfred A. Knopf (2007) (). About the height of the studio system in the Golden Age from the 1930s to the 1950s.
I Do and I Don't: A History of Marriage in the Movies (2013)
The Movie Musical! (2019)
Audio commentaries
The Ghost and Mrs. Muir, with film historian Kenneth Geist
Gigi, with actress Leslie Caron
In This Our Life
It
It's a Wonderful Life (Criterion laserdisc)
Jezebel
Laura, with composer David Raksin
The Philadelphia Story
Pearl Harbor, with director Michael Bay
Sergeant York
The Tall T
Three Coins in the Fountain
Week-End in Havana
The Wild One
Notes
References
Wesleyan Faculty Page (accessed 30 November 2014)
Quotations from Jeanine Basinger (accessed 16 June 2006)
(accessed 16 June 2006)
WNYC Leonard Lopate June 3, 2013 interview on marriage and the movies.
NY Times Review March 10, 2013 review of "I Do and I Don't"
Washington Post Feb. 1, 2013 Review "I Do and I Don't"
1936 births
Living people
American art curators
American women curators
Film educators
American film historians
Film theorists
Wesleyan University faculty |
42584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw%20III%20of%20Poland | Władysław III of Poland | Władysław III (31 October 1424 – 10 November 1444), also known as Ladislaus of Varna, was King of Poland and the Supreme Duke (Supremus Dux) of Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1434 as well as King of Hungary and Croatia from 1440 until his death at the Battle of Varna. He was the eldest son of Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and the Lithuanian noblewoman Sophia of Halshany.
Władysław III of Varna is known in Hungarian as I. Ulászló; in Polish as Władysław III Warneńczyk; in Slovak as Vladislav I; in Czech as Vladislav Varnenčík; in Bulgarian as Владислав Варненчик (Vladislav Varnenchik); in Lithuanian as Vladislovas III (or Vladislovas Varnietis); in Croatian as Vladislav I. Jagelović.
Royal title
Latin: Ladislaus Dei Gratia Poloniae, Hungariae, Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Rascia etc. rex necnon terrarum Cracouie, Sandomirie, Syradie, Lancicie, Cuyauie, Lithuaniae princeps supremus, Pomeraniae, Russieque dominus et heres etc.
English: Vladislaus by the Grace of God king of Poland, Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Rascia (Serbian Grand Principality) and lands of Kraków, Sandomierz, Sieradz, Łęczyca, Kuyavia, Supreme Prince of Lithuania, lord and heir of Pomerania and Ruthenia
Early life
Władysław was the first-born son of Władysław II Jagiełło and Sophia of Halshany. He ascended the throne at the age of ten and was immediately surrounded by a group of advisors headed by Cardinal Zbigniew Oleśnicki, who wanted to continue to enjoy his high status at court. In spite of that, the young ruler and his ambitious mother were aware that there was opposition to them. In 1427, the Polish nobility initiated an anti-Jagiellonian opposition and attempted to have Władysław II Jagiełło's sons Władysław III and Casimir IV Jagiellon declared illegitimate to the Polish throne as they had no blood link to the previous ruling Polish dynasty, the Piasts. Despite the agreements signed between Władysław II and the Polish magnates to ensure the succession for his sons, the opposition wanted another candidate for the Polish throne: Frederick of Brandenburg, who was betrothed to Hedwig, Jagiełło's daughter by his second wife. However, the conspiracy was resolved by the death of the princess, rumoured to have been poisoned by Queen Sophia.
Politics and military career
King of Poland
The young king's reign was difficult from the very outset. His coronation was interrupted by a hostile nobleman, Spytko III of Melsztyn. On the next day, the customary homage of the townsfolk of Kraków did not take place due to a dispute between the temporal and spiritual lords of Mazovia over their place in the retinue. Neither did Władysław have much to say later about matters of state, which were run by the powerful cleric and chancellor Oleśnicki. The situation did not change even after the Sejm (Polish parliament) had gathered in Piotrków in 1438, and declared the fourteen-year-old king to have attained his majority.
King of Hungary and Croatia
This situation continued until 1440, when Władysław was offered the crown of Hungary. However, accepting it would have led to numerous problems. Hungary was under a growing threat from the Ottoman Empire, and some Polish magnates did not want to agree to the king of Poland also being the monarch of Hungary, while Elisabeth, widow of the deceased King of Hungary, Albert II of Germany, attempted to keep the crown for her yet unborn child. Such inconveniences aside, Władysław finally took the Hungarian throne, having engaged in a two-year civil war against Elisabeth. He had received significant support from Pope Eugene IV, in exchange for his help in organising an anti-Muslim crusade. The eighteen-year-old king, although thus far a king solely by title, became deeply involved in the war against the Ottomans, having been brought up in the standard of a pious Christian monarch and ideal Christian knight, and paid no heed to the interests of Poland and of the Jagiellonian dynasty.
Crusade against Ottoman Muslims and death at Varna
The "bulwark of Christianity" and other slogans put forward by the papal envoy Giuliano Cesarini, together with much more reasonable but only verbal promises of Venetian and papal fleets blockading the Dardanelles Straits, along with an enticing vision of a promise of victory in the Crusade of Varna against the Muslims, persuaded Władysław to engage his freshly victorious forces for another season of war, thus breaching the ten-year truce with the aggressive and still powerful Ottoman Empire. Despite their alleged forthcoming help, the Venetian fleet carried the Muslim army from Asia into Europe but failed to sail to Varna, a surprising move that Władysław and his most senior military commander John Hunyadi failed to anticipate. The Venetian treachery placed the huge Muslim army (60,000) under sultan Murad II in close proximity to the unsuspecting crusaders (20,000). As a result, when the Battle of Varna began on 10 November 1444, the Polish king and his multi-ethnic subjects did not sense that this would be for many of them their final fight. Facing the desperate circumstance the king, seeing the experienced Hunyadi fight and break the Sipahi cavalry, decided to gamble and directly attack the sultan, who was protected by the guard cavalry and formidable Janissary infantry. The young king was killed while personally leading his own 500-strong royal Polish heavy cavalry company, his charge losing impetus and coming to a standstill amongst the unyielding Janissaries protecting the sultan. The Janissaries killed the king's bodyguard and beheaded Władysław, displaying his head on a pole. Disheartened by the death of their king, the Hungarian army fled the battlefield. Neither the king's body nor his armor were ever found.
Personal life
Władysław III had no children and did not marry. The chronicler Jan Długosz, known for his antipathy towards the king and his father, alleged that there was something unusual about Władysław's sexuality, though Długosz did not specify what: "too subject to his carnal desires", "he did not abandon his lewd and despicable habits". Długosz wrote about him some sentences later: "No age has ever seen and will never see a more Catholic and holy ruler who, according to his highest goodness, has never harmed any Christian. [...] Finally, like a holy king and a second angel on Earth, he lived an unmarried and virgin life at home and during the war."
Władysław was succeeded in the Kingdom of Poland by his younger brother, Duke Casimir IV of Lithuania, in 1447, after a three-year interregnum. In Hungary he was succeeded by his former rival, the child-king Ladislaus the Posthumous.
Legend
According to a Portuguese legend Władysław survived the Battle of Varna (although the Ottomans claimed to have his head, his body in royal armor was never found) and then journeyed in secrecy to the Holy Land. He became a knight of Saint Catharine of Mount Sinai (O Cavaleiro de Santa Catarina) and then he settled on Madeira. King Afonso V of Portugal granted him the lands in Madalena do Mar district of the Madeira Islands, for the rest of his life. He was known there as Henrique Alemão (Henry the German) and married Senhorinha Anes (the King of Portugal was his best man), who gave him two sons. He established a church of Saint Catherine and Saint Mary Magdalene in Madalena do Mar (1471). There he was depicted in a painting as Saint Joachim meeting Saint Anne at the Golden Gate on a painting by Master of the Adoration of Machico (Mestre da Adoração de Machico) in the beginning of the 16th century.
According to the tradition, he felt his defeat at Varna was a warning sign from God (since he declared war on a false pretext, violating the truce with the Ottoman Muslims). Thus he wandered as a pilgrim, seeking forgiveness, which he found in Jerusalem. For the rest of his life he would deny his identity. A delegation of Polish monks went to Madeira to question him and certified he was in fact the long lost king, now living in secrecy. He declined their suggestion to ascend the Polish throne again.
According to another version of the legend, promoted by Portuguese historian Manuel da Silva Rosa, Władysław (as Henrique Alemão) was the real father of Christopher Columbus.
Remembrance
Following his death, Władysław III was commemorated in many songs and poems.
A main boulevard and residential district in Varna are named after Warneńczyk. In 1935, a park-museum was opened in Varna, with a symbolic cenotaph of Władysław III built atop of an ancient Thracian mound tomb. There has also been a soccer team named Vladislav Varna (now Cherno More).
Gallery
See also
History of Poland (1385–1569)
List of Polish monarchs
Notes
References
K. Łukasiewicz, Władysław Warneńczyk, Krzyżacy i Kawaler Św Katarzyny, Warszawa 2010
External links
1424 births
1444 deaths
15th-century Polish monarchs
Polish Roman Catholics
Kings of Hungary
Kings of Croatia
Jagiellonian dynasty
People of the Hussite Wars
History of Varna, Bulgaria
Monarchs killed in action
Polish military personnel killed in action
Medieval child rulers
Christians of the Crusade of Varna |
23811783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandated%20choice | Mandated choice | Mandated choice or mandatory choice is an approach to public policy questions in which people are required by law to state in advance whether or not they are willing to engage in a particular action. The approach contrasts with "opt-in" and "opt-out" ("presumed consent") models of policy formation. The approach has most frequently been applied to cadaveric organ donation, but has increasingly been considered for advance directives as well. One bioethicist, in advocating for a mandatory choice model for living wills, argues that "while all Americans should have a right to decide how they want their lives to end, it does not follow that they should be able to avoid confronting such a choice."
History
One of the first considerations of mandated choice appeared in Great Britain's Gore Report, a 1989-1990 study funded by the British Department of Health. From 2011 all those applying for or renewing driving licences online in the UK are required to state whether they wished to donate their organs.
The American Medical Association endorsed a mandated choice model for organ donation in 1994.
Practicalities
It has been suggested that individuals could be compelled to choose as part of tax returns, driver's licence applications, and/or state benefits claims.
Public attitudes
A 1992 survey found that 90% of American college students favored a mandated choice model for organ donation, compared with only 60% who favored presumed consent. However, Texas implemented such a program, requiring drivers to make a choice on organ donation when obtaining licenses, and found that 80% of drivers declined to donate.
Academic debate
Chouhan and Draper propose a modified scheme of mandated choice, in which though all patients are given a choice whether to donate they are actively encouraged to do so.
See also
Organ donation
Advance directives
References
Bioethics
Medical ethics
Transplantation medicine
Donation
Health informatics
Health law
Free will |
43100513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LV%20%28album%29 | LV (album) | LV is the first live album by American hard rock band Chickenfoot. It was originally released as a bonus to a packaging of the first two Chickenfoot studio albums, and was eventually released on its own. The first "side" includes tracks from the 2012 "Different Devil" tour. "Side B" includes tracks from the band's first tour that were also included in the DVD release, "Get Your Buzz On".
Title
"LV" is a shorthand play on the word "live", but also plays into the album naming scheme adopted by Chickenfoot, using out-of-sequence roman numerals. LV happens to represent "55" as a Roman numeral, playing off of lead singer Hagar's biggest solo hit.
Track listing
Personnel
Chickenfoot
Sammy Hagar – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Joe Satriani – lead guitar, keyboards, piano
Michael Anthony – bass guitar, backing vocals
Chad Smith – drums, percussion on tracks 5–9
Kenny Aronoff – drums, percussion on tracks 1–4
Michael "Ace" Baker – recording
2012 live albums
Chickenfoot live albums
MNRK Music Group live albums
Edel SE & Co. KGaA live albums |
22319543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize%2C%20Angola | Belize, Angola | Belize is a town and municipality in Cabinda Province in Angola. The municipality covers 1,360 km2, and had a population of 19,561 at the 2014 Census; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2019) is 22,514.
References
Populated places in Cabinda Province
Municipalities of Angola |
60711182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Got%20Trumped%3A%20The%20First%20100%20Days | You Got Trumped: The First 100 Days | You Got Trumped: The First 100 Days is a short format Canadian/French/American satirical dark comedy TV and Web series. It was produced during the 2016 presidential election, examining what a hypothetical (at the time) first 100 days in office of President Donald J. Trump might look like. The series stars Ron Sparks as Chris Christie and impressionist John Di Domenico as Trump, with all episodes directed by Derek Harvie. Renaud Le Van Kim et Guillaume Lacroix served as producers on the series, which has been described as "insane" and "comico-dystopian".
The first series produced by French video on demand service Blackpills, co-produced by Miramedia and Together Media, You Got Trumped utilized raunchy humor, with several episodes ultimately age restricted and/or pulled from YouTube following complaints then re-posted in censored versions, including "Trump Juice", in which Trump makes out with his daughter Ivanka and sells his semen on TV, "The Art of the Dull" in which Trump presents China's "Prime Minister" with a self portrait featuring his exposed "huge American penis", and the trailer.
Blackpills publicized its series both with the tagline "Grabbing America by the Pussy" and a "Make Twitter Great Again" campaign using the hashtag #YouGotTrumped. Blackpills offered $50,000 to anyone who could get the real Donald Trump to use the hashtag in social media (Twitter or Facebook), but apparently no one was able to collect. The series was aimed at young adults with Blackpills gearing their programming toward mobile phone-based subscribers, with very short episodes.
13 episodes were produced, of which 10 were released in October and November 2016 by Blackpills through YouTube and Facebook, to promote the launch of Blackpills, a "mysterious" new France-based streaming service, in 2016. However, although the webisodes were posted on other streaming sites by November 4, 2016, four days before Trump's surprising election win, the launch for Blackpills itself was for unknown reasons pushed back to the end of 2016, and then into 2017. When Blackpills finally launched in May 2017 with You Got Trumped as its first flagship show, it was several months after Trump actually took office.
The series also later aired on Vice TV (including Viceland & Viceland Canada).
Plot
Each episode examined a different aspect of Donald Trump's personality and character, including his purported racism (focusing on his Border Wall and catering to white nationalists), sexism/Misogyny, inappropriate physical attraction toward his own daughter Ivanka, self aggrandizement, love of guns, perceived lack of intelligence and even fawning over Russian President Vladimir Putin (including as an apparent homosexual romantic interest).
In the series, aside from his lackey Chris Christie, Trump builds an administration by surrounding himself with other questionable choices including Vice President of the United States Mike Pence, a presumed Nazi war criminal named Klaus, his money burning wife Melania Trump and vapid daughter Ivanka Trump, a blonde and bikini-clad Beauty pageant bimbo, Rosie O'Donnell (who he keeps in a cage), a mad scientist, and a monkey named Coco who he makes United States Secretary of Defense and puts in charge of the nuclear football.
Reception
The series was considered a hit in France especially, and also did very well in Canada. Between Facebook and YouTube, where Blackpills posted the series before election day, the show accumulated more than 6 million views, but the series failed to make much impact on the Blackpills app because it was "stale" by the time their streaming service finally launched in May 2017, several months after Trump actually won the election and then took office.
Online, You Got Trumped became the target of the wrath of Trump supporters in the US who did not like the "cartoonish" way in which he was presented as a boastful, simple-minded bigot with a romantic interest in Putin, but also from some on the left who thought Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, Rosie O'Donnell and other liberal characters were presented as much too weak compared to the imposing, domineering Trump.
Critical response was mixed with some criticizing the show's raunchy humor while others praised the show's satire and performances despite its "trashiness". Di Domenico and Sparks especially were singled out for praise for their portrayals of Trump and Chris Christie.
An episode of the French news program Quotidien was dedicated to a discussion of the series led by host/producer Yann Barthès. Barthes and guest panelists described the show as "very funny" and "unbelievable".
Awards
You Got Trumped was nominated in every web category at the 2017 Canadian Comedy Awards and nearly swept those awards, winning for Best Web Series, Best Web Performance (Sparks) and Best Web Writing (Derek Harvie, Jeff Kassel and Sparks), but not winning in the Best Web Direction category (Harvie).
References
External links
Blackpills on YouTube
You Got Trumped on YouTube
Official Blackpills site, with You Got Trumped page (currently on hiatus)
2010s American political television series
2010s American satirical television series
2010s American sitcoms
2010s Canadian satirical television series
2016 American television series debuts
2016 Canadian television series debuts
2016 French television series debuts
2016 web series debuts
2010s American political comedy television series
Canadian Comedy Award winners
Canadian news parodies
Cultural depictions of Barack Obama
Cultural depictions of Hillary Clinton
English-language television shows
Media about the Trump presidency
American news parodies
Parodies of Donald Trump
Political satirical television series
Television shows filmed in Hamilton, Ontario
Television shows filmed in Toronto
Television shows set in New York City
Television shows set in Washington, D.C.
Viceland original programming
White House in fiction |
56607544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Lester%20Hudson | Anne Lester Hudson | Anne Lester Hudson is an American mathematician and mathematics educator. Her research specialty is the theory of topological semigroups; she is also known for her skill at mathematical problem-solving, and has coached students to success in both the International Mathematical Olympiad and the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition. She is a professor emeritus at the Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus (formerly Armstrong State College).
Education
Born as Anne Lester, Hudson is originally from Mississippi,
and grew up in Inverness, Mississippi, a town so small that there were only seven students in her high school class.
She did her undergraduate studies at Hollins College, with Herta Freitag as a mentor. Unusually for the time, she continued at Hollins for four years, instead of transferring after two years to another university, in order to continue working with Freitag.
She graduated in 1953.
In 1961, she earned her Ph.D. in mathematics from Tulane University,
where she also met her husband, mathematician Sigmund Hudson. Her dissertation, On the Structure of Certain Classes of Topological Semigroups, was supervised by Paul Stallings Mostert. She became the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics at Tulane.
Career
After postdoctoral studies funded by the National Science Foundation and NATO,
Hudson became a faculty member at Syracuse University, and earned tenure there in 1966 for her research. In 1971 she moved to Armstrong State College in Georgia, "to an environment more heavily involved in undergraduate teaching".
In 1994 Hudson directed the United States Math Olympiad Program, a training program for the U.S. team in the International Mathematical Olympiad. She went to Hong Kong, where the Olympiad was held, as the coach for the team, and led the team to win the Olympiad.
Recognition
In 1993, when the Mathematical Association of America began giving out its Deborah and Franklin Haimo Awards for Distinguished College or University Teaching of Mathematics, Hudson was one of the first winners. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching named her as one of their 1996 Outstanding Professors of the Year. She was given a special commendation by the Georgia House of Representatives in 1997. Hollins College has also given her their outstanding alumna award.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
Mathematics educators
Hollins University alumni
Tulane University alumni
Syracuse University faculty
20th-century women mathematicians
Mathematicians from New York (state)
20th-century American women
21st-century American women |
50539975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Jones%20%28English%20footballer%29 | Graham Jones (English footballer) | Graham Jones (born 5 October 1957) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender.
Career
Born in Bradford, Jones signed for Bradford City in February 1974 after playing local amateur football, leaving the club in July 1979 to sign for Gainsborough Trinity. During his time with Bradford City he made four appearances in the Football League.
Sources
References
1957 births
Living people
English footballers
Bradford City A.F.C. players
Gainsborough Trinity F.C. players
English Football League players
Association football defenders |
50445185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smeringopus%20pallidus | Smeringopus pallidus | Smeringopus pallidus, known as the pale daddy-long-leg, is a species of spider of the genus Smeringopus. It is a cosmopolitan species found in many countries.
Description
As in other spiders, male is smaller than female which is 7 mm in average length. The species has a cylindrical and elongate abdomen. The purple spots along the dorsal surface if the abdomen is the characteristic feature. There is a dark stripe in the ventral surface of sternum. A synanthropic spiders, it builds irregular cobweb in sheltered areas to capture small insects and other spiders for food. Legs without spines, few vertical hairs can be seen. Female has a simple epigynum without pockets.
Habitat
Usually found in dusty and dark corners of the house. But also can be seen to build the cobweb under covered drains and on mud walls in gardens and countryside. When disturbed, they hang upside down in the web and vibrate themselves so vigorously to confuse the intruder.
See also
List of Pholcidae species
References
External links
Crossopriza Iyoni and Smeringopus pallidus: cellar spiders new to Florida
Spiders described in 1858
Pholcidae
Cosmopolitan spiders |
2011100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Sellasia | Battle of Sellasia | The Battle of Sellasia took place during the summer of 222 BC between Macedon and the Achaean League, led by Antigonus III Doson, and Sparta under the command of King Cleomenes III. The battle was fought at Sellasia on the northern frontier of Laconia and ended in a Macedonian-Achaean victory.
In 229 BC, Cleomenes initiated hostilities against the Achaean League, the dominant power of the Peloponnese. In a series of campaigns, Cleomenes was successful in defeating the Achaeans, making Sparta the main regional power. This prompted the chief figure of the Achaean League, Aratus of Sicyon, to approach the King of Macedon, Antigonus III Doson, for military assistance. The Macedonians acquiesced on the terms that the Achaean surrender the formidable fortress of Acrocorinth to them. The Macedonians invaded the Peloponnese in 224 BC at the head of a Greek alliance and by 222 BC managed to hem Cleomenes in Laconia.
In the summer of 222 BC, the Macedonian and Achaean army advanced to Sellasia on the northern border of Laconia, where they encountered the awaiting army of Cleomenes. After a brief impasse, Antigonus launched an offensive against the Spartan positions on the fortified mountains of Olympus and Evas. While the Macedonian right flank routed the Spartan left wing on Evas, the battle on the other flank was heavily contested. After initially pushing back the Macedonian phalanx, the Spartans were driven from the field by the superior numbers of the Macedonians. Cleomenes was compelled to leave for exile in Alexandria and Antigonus became the first non-Spartan general to occupy Sparta.
Background
The seizure of numerous important Arcadian cities by the King of Sparta, Cleomenes III, prompted the dominant state of the Peloponnese, the Achaean League to declare war on Sparta. The Achaean attempts to recaptured these cities, led by the strategos, Aratus of Sicyon, largely failed as Sparta consolidated its position. Subsequent Achaean offensives in 226 BC were crushingly defeated at the Battle of Mount Lycaeum and the Battle of Ladoceia.
The Achaean position was additionally weakened when their erstwhile ally, Ptolemy III of Egypt, shifted his financial backing to Sparta. Ptolemy had been subsidising the campaign of the Achaeans against Macedon and now determined that Sparta would be a more effective ally to offset Macedonian power. This was compounded by the resounding Spartan victory over the Achaean army at the Battle of Dyme, leading the League to seek peace with Cleomenes.
When the peace talks failed, Aratus sent envoys to the Macedonian King, Antigonus III Doson, seeking military assistance. Antigonus pledged to give aid on the term that the formidable citadel, Acrocorinth was ceded to Macedon. This conditions elicited a furious response from many Achaeans and Cleomenes used this to his advantage by occupying the major cities of Corinth and Argos and many smaller settlements. Aratus accepted the terms proposed by the Macedonians and additionally surrendered the cities of Orchomenus and Heraia to Macedon. Subsequently, Antigonus mustered his army for the invasion of the Peloponnese.
Prelude
Antigonus marched towards the Peloponnese with a large army of 20,000 infantry and 1,300 cavalry via the island of Euboea. They resorted to this after having their passage blocked by the hostile Aetolian League, who threatened to block their march if they went further south. After reaching the Isthmus of Corinth, the Macedonian army found their march halted by a series of fortifications that Cleomenes had erected across the Isthmus. Several attempts to breach the fortifications were repulsed with considerable losses.
Argos, however, revolted against Sparta and expelled their garrison with the help of some Macedonian soldiers. This defeat forced Cleomenes to abandon his position on the Isthmus and to retreat back to Arcadia. Meanwhile, Antigonus revived the Hellenic League of Philip II of Macedon under the name of the "League of Leagues" and managed to incorporate most of the Greek city-states in this League.
Antigonus proceeded to capture several cities in Arcadia that had sided with Cleomenes. He returned to Achaea before dismissing his Macedonian troops so that they could winter at home. Around this time, Ptolemy of Egypt stopped paying subsidies to Cleomenes, which left Cleomenes without money with which to pay for his mercenaries. In order to obtain money, Cleomenes began to sell helots their freedom in exchange for a sum of money.
Cleomenes became aware of the fact that Antigonus had dismissed all of his Macedonian troops and decided to launch a raid on the Achaean League. He gave the impression that he was going to raid the territory of Argos but instead switched directions and attacked Megalopolis. The Spartans managed to overrun a weak section of the fortifications and began to take over the city. The citizens of Megalopolis were not aware that the Spartans were in the city until dawn after which a rearguard action by some of the citizens allowed most of the Megalopolitans to escape. Cleomenes sent the Megalopolitans a message offering back their city if they joined his alliance but when this offer was refused, Cleomenes ordered that the city be sacked and razed.
The sack of Megalopolis came as a big shock for the Achaean League. Cleomenes followed this success up by raiding the territory of Argos, as he knew Antigonus could not resist him due to a lack of men. Cleomenes had also hoped that a raid on Argive territory would make the Argives lose faith in Antigonus because of his failure to protect their land. Walbank assess this raid as being "an impressive demonstration, but it had no effect other than to make it even more clear that Cleomenes had to be defeated in a pitched battle."
Battle
Opposing armies
Antigonus responded to this raid by recalling his army from Macedon. The Macedonian levy marching on Laconia was augmented by the contingents from allies, who had mustered in the Peloponnese. Polybius describes the amassed army as consisting of 29,200 men. The Macedonian contribution to this force was 10,000 phalangists, 3,000 peltasts, and 300 cavalry, a figure supplemented by the addition of 1,000 Agrianes, 1,600 Illyrians commanded by Demetrius of Pharos, and 1,000 Galatians, as well as 3,000 other mercenary infantry and 300 cavalry. The size of army was greatly increased by the contingents of the Greek allies. The Achaeans supplied 3,000 infantry and 300 cavalry, the Arcadians 1,000 infantry from Megalopolis commanded by Cercidas, the Boeotians 2,000 infantry and 200 cavalry, the Acarnanians 1,000 infantry and 50 cavalry, and the Epirotes 1,000 infantry and 50 cavalry.
To counter the Macedonian invasion, Cleomenes moved to raise the largest force that he was able. He was able to muster an army of 20,650 men. This consisted of the Spartan levy of hoplites, possibly 2,000 Lacedaimonians armed in the fashion of Macedonian phalangists, contingents of perioeci, and mercenaries with 650 cavalry. Cleomenes managed to fortify the passes leading into Laconia with a series of barricades and trenches before moving with his army to assume a position at the pass at Sellasia on the northern frontier of Laconia.
The battle
When Antigonus and his army arrived at Sellasia, they found the Spartan army occupying strong positions on the hills, Olympus and Euas, with the Oenous River running between them. Eucleidas with the perioeci and the allies were stationed on Euas, while Cleomenes held Olympus with the Spartans and mercenaries. On the flat ground between the hills, Cleomenes deployed his cavalry and the remainder of his mercenaries. The strength of the Spartan deployment prompted the Macedonians to not launch an immediate assault against the Lacedaemonians.
Antigonus placed his phalanxes facing the Lacedaemonian infantry which was arrayed at the top of the two hills, with the order to advance and take the heights. His cavalry of Macedonians, Achaeans, Boeotians, and mercenaries under the command of Alexander, were arrayed in front of the enemy cavalry in the centre. The allied right wing advanced against the Lacedaemonians on Euas, but was attacked in the flank by enemy infantry that was initially arrayed with the cavalry. Without cover from their heavy infantry, the advancing allies were hard pressed by the Spartans from the rear and the front, until the Arcadian cavalryman Philopoemen, disregarding the orders, charged with the men who would follow. This timely initiative saved the light infantry on Euas from annihilation and paved the way to victory, as the Illyrians and other light infantry soon drove the Spartans from the hill and killed Eucleidas. After the battle, Antigonus praised Philopoemen's initiative and reproved his own commander Alexander.
The battle on Olympus between the two phalanxes lasted longer, but when the allied reinforcements from Euas took the enemy in the flank, the Spartans fought almost to the last man, until their king fled the field with a handful of companions. According to Plutarch, out of 6,000 Spartiates, only 200 survived, the others preferring honourable death to disgrace. Accompanied by his closest friends, Cleomenes took a ship in Gythium to reach his mother and sons in Alexandria where he stayed in exile until his death three years later.
References
Citations
Primary sources
Secondary sources
222 BC
Sellasia
Sellasia 222 BC
Sellasia 222 BC
Sellasia 222 BC
Ancient Laconia
Sellasia |
5236365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duntulm%20Castle | Duntulm Castle | Duntulm Castle stands ruined on the north coast of Trotternish, on the Isle of Skye in Scotland, near the hamlet of Duntulm. During the 17th century it was the seat of the chiefs of Clan MacDonald of Sleat. It is a scheduled monument.
History
It is believed that, in prehistoric times, a broch or dun, known as Dun David, or Dun Dhaibhidh stood here. However, no archaeological evidence has been found for this predecessor.
The castle was built in the 14th and 15th centuries, when the area was subject to feuds between the rival MacLeod and Macdonald clans. The defences were improved in the 16th century, and by the early 17th century the MacDonalds had finally gained the upper hand in the area. In 1618 the Privy Council and Sir Donald MacDonald of Sleat, "Donald Gorm Og", the 9th chief, signed a charter, requiring him to repair Duntulm. This was done, and a second tower was added. Around 1650, the castle's importance peaked, when further improvements were made, and a rectangular structure or house was built within the wall. Around 1732 the castle was abandoned, when Sir Alexander MacDonald built a new residence, Monkstadt House, to the south, robbing much of the castle's stone as building material.
The castle
The main structure of the castle is about , and stands on a basalt promontory above the sea. It is further defended by a ditch along the landward side. It comprises the vaults of a tower, which once stood to four-storeys, surrounded by an irregular curtain wall. The later house measures around . The only entrance was via a narrow cleft in the sea cliff. The ruins of the castle are now in a very poor condition, with major falls of masonry as recently as 1990.
Legend
According to one local legend, the castle was abandoned after the infant son of the chieftain who dwelt there at the time, in the charge of a nursemaid, fell from a window and was dashed on the rocks below. As a punishment, the nursemaid was set adrift on the North Atlantic in a small boat.
References
Castles in the Isle of Skye
Clan Donald
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Highland |
22311859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgewater%2C%20British%20Columbia | Edgewater, British Columbia | Edgewater is an unincorporated hamlet located in the Columbia Valley, south of Golden, British Columbia and on the perimeter of Kootenay National Park. It was originally founded as a farming community before World War I. Many of its residents were from England, and returned there after the war, causing the community to suffer a decline in population. Edgewater has since recovered, and the area's economy includes forestry, agriculture, and tourism.
Edgewater has couple of major attractions that draw travelers. The area around the community is Christmas tree farmland, and in the summer there is a Saturday Farmer's Market, where tourists can purchase arts and crafts, fresh produce and dairy products. Edgewater is also home to the Steamboat Mountain Music Festival in July.
The community gets its name from being at the edge of the waters of the Columbia River.
Designated places in British Columbia
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia |
15917889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%20Rong | Su Rong | Su Rong (; born October 1948) is a former senior regional official and politician in China. He began his career in his native Jilin, and successively served as Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Qinghai, Gansu, and Jiangxi provinces. In March 2013, he became one of the vice-chairmen of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
In 2014, Su was subject to a probe by the Chinese Communist Party's anti-graft watchdog for "disciplinary violations", which led to criminal charges. He was sentenced to life in prison for accepting a "massive amount of bribes". He is one of the highest-ranking officials to come under investigation for graft since Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012.
Life and career in Jilin
Su Rong was born 1948 in Taonan (formerly Tao'an County), Baicheng prefecture, in Northeast China's Jilin province. In 1968 he began working as an accountant in Najin Commune of Tao'an. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1970.
In 1974, Su became the deputy Communist Party chief of Najin Commune, and later party chief. Starting in 1980 he served as deputy party chief of Tao'an County, party chief of Fuyu County, deputy party chief and then party chief of Baicheng prefecture. In 1989 he became the party chief of Siping prefecture-level city, and from 1995 until 1998 he was the party chief of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. Starting in 1996 he concurrently served as deputy party chief of Jilin province, a position he held until 2001. From 1994 to 1997 he studied at Jilin University on a part-time basis, receiving a master's degree in economics.
Career in Qinghai, Gansu, and Jiangxi
In 2001, Su Rong was transferred to Qinghai province in Northwest China, serving as its Communist Party Chief, the top official of the province. He also became the chairman of Qinghai Provincial People's Congress in 2002.
In 2003, he became the Communist Party Chief of the neighbouring Gansu province, and concurrently served as chairman of Gansu Provincial People's Congress in 2004.
From 2006 to 2007, Su was the vice president of the Central Party School in Beijing, which is a minister-level position.
In 2007, he became the Communist Party Chief of Jiangxi province in East China, succeeding Meng Jianzhu. The next year he also became chairman of Jiangxi Provincial People's Congress. He held both positions until 2013.
He was an alternate member of the 14th and the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and a full member of the 16th and the 17th Central Committees.
CPPCC and downfall
In March 2013, Su became one of the 23 vice-chairmen of the 12th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The position enjoyed the official ranking as a "national leader". However, in June 2014, the Communist Party's anti-graft watchdog announced that he was being probed for "disciplinary violations", which typically indicate corruption. At the time of the announcement, he was the highest-ranking official, and only "national leader"-class figure, to come under investigation for graft since Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012. Several other senior officials of Jiangxi province had already been under investigation, including vice governors Yao Mugen and Zhao Zhiyong, and vice-chairman of the provincial congress, Chen Anzhong. His CPPCC colleague and former Hu Jintao aide, CPPCC Vice-Chairman Ling Jihua, was also detained for corruption in December 2014.
The results of the CCDI investigation into Su Rong was announced February 16, 2015. It concluded that Su Rong "violated organizational discipline, unilaterally upstaged decisions made by consensus [...] used his position of power to seek gain for others during the promotion process of officials and the operations of businesses, took a massive amount of bribes." It also said that he was responsible for wasting government resources and had "leading responsibility" for problems with corruption in Jiangxi province which festered under his watch. In the past, the CCDI's investigation announcements into officials have largely followed a bland and oft-repeated formula. In Su's case, however, the CCDI used many new phrases to describe the details of his alleged wrongdoing. He was said to have "shown blatant disregard about party political rules," "liberally sold offices for cash," "severely poisoned the local political environment," "encouraged and condoned his relatives to use their relationship to him to influence political affairs." His offenses were "of an especially egregious nature and caused extraordinarily bad influence." Su was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party, and indicted on charges of bribery and abuse of power, and his case moved to judicial authorities for prosecution.
On January 23, 2017, Su Rong was sentenced to life in prison for bribery; court documents showed that he took bribes worth some 116 million yuan ($17 million) between 2002 and 2014.
Personal life
Su married a woman surnamed Ren (), with whom he had three children, a son Su Tiezhi () and two daughters Su Xiaobo () and Su Xiaojuan (). Ren died of cancer in 1993. His son-in-law named , former vice mayor of Zhangjiajie, was sacked for graft in November 2015. In 1994, he married Yu Lifang (), who initially worked in a bank. Yu's elder brother Yu Ping'an () who involved in the case committed suicide by swallowing sleeping pills in March 2015.
References
1948 births
Living people
People from Baicheng
People's Republic of China politicians from Jilin
Political office-holders in Gansu
Political office-holders in Jiangxi
Political office-holders in Jilin
Political office-holders in Qinghai
Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party
Jilin University alumni
Chinese politicians convicted of corruption |
38599792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treffgarne%20Hall | Treffgarne Hall | Treffgarne Hall is a privately owned Grade II listed Georgian country house, located to the west of the village of Treffgarne, West Wales. It was built in 1842 for David Evans whose family had owned the land for some time.
History
Set on a hillside to provide panoramic views to the southwest over Pembrokeshire, the S-shaped building was erected in 1824 for Dr. Evans. Built out of stone with two storeys, the two hipped end panels frame a flat central-door entrance on the three-panel house. The main door opens to an axial passage which passes numerous living room doors to the large rear kitchen, also enabling access to both main and servants staircases. Considerable alterations were made to the interior in the twentieth century when the house was used as a hotel. The layout resembles that of Scolton Manor which was also designed by local architects William and James Owen.
In 1905 the estate was bought by Victor James Higgon, whose wife Catherine Octavia Edwards was the last of the Tucker family to live at Sealyham House.
Modern times
The Hall and the associated entrance lodge both became Grade II listed buildings in January 1963. The Hall was for a time converted into a hotel and restaurant in 1979 by executive chef, Derek Stenson and his partner John Neville, the former sous chef at the Dorchester Hotel.
Now privately owned, the gardens are often opened to the public under the National Gardens Scheme, with entrance and tea and cake available for a fee donated to charity. Set on a hilltop, the garden offers extensive views and features lawns, broadwalks, pergolas, sculptures, water garden, wild flower meadow, heather garden, gravel garden and stumpery. The owners are interested in experimenting and finding out what plants will thrive in Pembrokeshire.
References
Country houses in Pembrokeshire
Houses completed in 1824
Grade II listed buildings in Pembrokeshire
Georgian architecture in Wales |
66923173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banse | Banse | Banse is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aldo Banse (born 2002), Italian football player
Amy Banse (born 1959), American businesspeople
Ewald Banse (1883–1953), German geographer
Juliane Banse (born 1969), German opera singer
Karl Banse, American oceanographer
Orinoco Faamausili-Banse (born 1990), New Zealand swimmer
Wilhelm Banse (1911–1965), German politician
See also
Bansed, is a village in Parbatsar, India |
57063189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leanne%20Chinery | Leanne Chinery | Leanne Chinery (born 24 November 1981) is a Canadian international lawn bowler.
Bowls career
Commonwealth Games
She was born in Chilliwack, British Columbia and represented Canada at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and the 2014 Commonwealth Games.
She was selected as part of the Canadian team for the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast in Queensland where she reached the semi finals of the fours with Joanna Cooper, Pricilla Westlake and Jackie Foster.
Asia Pacific
Chinery won a triples bronze medal at the 2019 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships in the Gold Coast, Queensland.
World Championships
In 2020 she was selected for the 2020 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Australia.
Personal life
Her partner is fellow bowls international Tony Grantham of New Zealand.
References
1981 births
Living people
Bowls players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Bowls players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Bowls players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Canadian female bowls players
Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada |
24041859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20World%20Doubles%20Cup%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles | 1996 World Doubles Cup – Doubles | Meredith McGrath and Larisa Savchenko were the defending champions but lost in the semifinals to Nicole Arendt and Manon Bollegraf.
Arendt and Bollegraf won in the final 6–3, 2–6, 7–6 against Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva.
Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva (final)
Meredith McGrath / Larisa Savchenko (semifinals)
Nicole Arendt / Manon Bollegraf (champions)
Katrina Adams / Mariaan de Swardt (semifinals)
Draw
External links
1996 World Doubles Cup Draw
WTA Doubles Championships
1996 WTA Tour |
4599444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%20Syakirin%20Mosque | As Syakirin Mosque | The As Syakirin Mosque (), also known as KLCC Mosque, is a mosque located in the Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The mosque is situated near the Suria KLCC shopping centre and the Petronas Twin Towers, the tallest twin towers in the world.
In 2009, the mosque went through a major renovation to increase the capacity from 6000 people to 12,000 people.
Mosque initially registered as a prayer on 12 July 1999 for Petronas staff, and status as a mosque before being administered by the Federal Territory Islamic Religious Council (religious council).
This two-storey mosque area of 21 hectares. It is regarded as the jewel in the park because of its strategic location and facing KLCC Park also provides a hall that can accommodate up to 500 people with audio system complete with meeting rooms and room remains.
Ash-Syakirin name means' the people of the grateful chosen as the official name for this mosque. The mosque is an architectural landmark of Islam in a rapidly developing area in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur.
See also
Islam in Malaysia
References
Mosques in Kuala Lumpur
Mosques completed in 1996
1996 establishments in Malaysia
Modernist architecture in Malaysia
Mosque buildings with domes |
312830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmancy | Arithmancy | In modern numerological terminology, arithmancy is a form of divination based on assigning numerical value to a word or phrase, by means of English Qaballa, or a simplified version of ancient Greek isopsephy, or Hebrew/Aramaic gematria adapted to the Latin alphabet (e.g. "English Qabalah"). Arithmancy is associated with the Chaldeans, Platonists, Pythagoreans, and the Kabbalah. When arithmancy is applied to a person's name, it is a form of onomancy.
Etymology
The term arithmancy is derived from two Greek words – arithmos (meaning number) and manteia (meaning divination). "Αριθμομαντεία" Arithmancy is thus the study of divination through numbers.
Methods
Pythagorean method
In the so-called 'Pythagorean' method (which uses a kind of place-value for number-letter attributions, as does the ancient Hebrew and Greek systems), the letters of the modern Latin alphabet (with I distinguished from J and U distinguished from V, which was not common before the 18th century) are assigned numerical values 1 through 9 as follows:
Based on these values, the value for a person's name is calculated. If the result is greater than 9, the values of the digits in the number are added up until it is reduced to a single-digit number (its digital root).
This is a system used to predict the strengths and weaknesses in a person, by using the heart number, the social/life number, and the character/personality number. The heart number is determined by adding together only the vowels in a person's name. The social number is calculated by using only consonants. The character number is determined when both vowels and consonants (in other words, all letters) are used and summed.
A similar approach is to use the numbers from a person's birthday to derive their character number. Each of these numbers is considered to have a suitable predictive meaning.
Chaldean method
A lesser known method, more popular in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, is the so-called 'Chaldean' method; in this context, "Chaldean" is an old-fashioned name for the Aramaic languages. In the Chaldean method number 9 is not used in the calculations. It is left out because it is thought to be divine and sacred, and therefor unassignable. This method is radically different from the Pythagorean (as well as both the ancient Greek and Hebrew systems) as letters are assigned values based on equating Latin letters with letters of the Hebrew alphabet in accordance with sound equivalence rather than with the ancient and well attested system of place-value (although 'place-value' is almost universally interpreted according to units, tens and hundreds, which nonetheless have the same digital root as place value); in consequence of this several slightly different versions are extant, there being disagreements over some of the letter-sound equivalence (it doesn't help matters that the Hebrew alphabet has only twenty-two letters whilst the modern English alphabet has twenty-six):
Agrippan method
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa applied the concept of arithmancy to the classical Latin alphabet in the 16th century in Three Books of Occult Philosophy. He mapped the letters as follows (in accordance with the Latin alphabet's place-value at that time) :
Note that the letters U, J, and W were not commonly considered part of the Latin alphabet at the time.
References
Numerology
Divination
Language and mysticism |
11451211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing%20Gas%20%281914%20film%29 | Laughing Gas (1914 film) | Laughing Gas is a 1914 film starring Charlie Chaplin. The film is also known as Busy Little Dentist, Down and Out, Laffing Gas, The Dentist, and Tuning His Ivories.
Plot
We are told Charlie is a dental assistant working at Dr. Pain's dental office. He arrives at work where the patients are already waiting. He joins the tiny second dental assistant in the back room. They have a brief squabble then Charlie goes to the waiting room to clean the floor with a carpet sweeper. He bumps into a patient and a squabble starts. The second dental assistant trips over the carpet sweeper and another squabble starts in the back room.
The dentist arrives, and his first patient goes in, obviously in pain. The dentist prepares the nitrous oxide anaesthetic (also known commonly as "laughing gas" due to its effects prior to and after unconsciousness). With the man unconscious he pulls his tooth, but then he can't get him to wake up, so he calls for Charlie and runs off when the latter arrives. Charlie tries to wake him and eventually tries hitting his head with a mallet. The man revives but starts laughing. Charlie knocks him out with the mallet.
The dentist then returns and Charlie is sent to the drug store to get a prescription for the unconscious man. After more fighting with the patients, he goes to the Sunset Pharmacy. He accidentally hits with his cane a man who is standing at a news-stand outside the pharmacy, and the two have a squabble. When Charlie leaves the pharmacy he kicks the man in the rear, and another squabble starts. The squabble is interrupted when they encounter a woman (the dentist's wife) and Charlie kicks him in the stomach before chasing the woman himself. However, Charlie accidentally pulls off her skirt, causing her to run off in embarrassment. He continues fighting with the news-stand man, who receives a brick in the face and thus loses his teeth. Charlie then throws a second brick, which hits a tall passer-by and losing him teeth as well.
Meanwhile, the dentist’s wife goes home and his maid sees her without her skirt, so she calls the dentist to say that his wife has had an "accident". He immediately goes home and Charlie returns to find the surgery empty. He picks the prettier of the two female patients in the waiting room to go in, causing the other lady to leave in indignance. Charlie flirts with her and steals kisses. Meanwhile, the two men injured by Charlie arrive to see the dentist, and the dentist and his wife return to the office. The girl leaves and Charlie has the tall passerby go in next, while the news-stand man recognizes Charlie as the man who has knocked his teeth out. Charlie uses a huge pair of pliers to remove another tooth from the tall man. The news-stand man enters and confronts Charlie. A final fight ensues.
Reviews
A reviewer from Motion Picture News wrote, "Besides getting into a fight with two of his master's patients and getting generally in the way, [Chaplin] doesn't do anything except create roars of laughter."
Cast
Charles Chaplin - Dentist's Assistant
Fritz Schade - Dr. Pain, the Dentist
Alice Howell - Dentist's Wife
Joseph Sutherland - Short Assistant
Slim Summerville - Patient
Josef Swickard - Patient
Mack Swain - Patient
Gene Marsh - Patient (uncredited)
See also
List of American films of 1914
External links
1914 films
Short films directed by Charlie Chaplin
American black-and-white films
American silent short films
American films
1914 comedy films
American comedy films
Keystone Studios films
Films produced by Mack Sennett
1914 short films
Articles containing video clips
Comedy short films |
23951588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquin%C3%A9%20River | Maquiné River | The Maquiné River is a river of Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil.
See also
List of rivers of Rio Grande do Sul
References
Brazilian Ministry of Transport
Rivers of Rio Grande do Sul |
256895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Crossley | Herbert Crossley | Herbert Crossley (5 May 1901 – 15 November 1921) was a heavyweight boxing contender against Gene Tunney on 5 September 1921, shortly after arriving in the United States from England. Crossley died from pneumonia and sepsis on 15 November 1921 at the age of 20.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20030619004915/http://www.genetunney.org/crossleyfights.html
1901 births
1921 deaths
English male boxers
Deaths from sepsis
Deaths from pneumonia in New York (state)
Heavyweight boxers |
67628313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matheu%20Nelson | Matheu Nelson | Matheu Adam Nelson (born January 14, 1999) is an American professional baseball catcher in the Cincinnati Reds organization. He played college baseball for the Florida State Seminoles.
Amateur career
Nelson grew up in Largo, Florida and attended Calvary Christian High School, where one of his coaches was Hall of Fame pitcher Roy Halladay until his death. He was named the Pinellas County Player of the Year after batting .465 with five home runs, 14 doubles and 45 RBIs. Nelson was selected in the 39th round of the 2018 Major League Baseball draft by the Philadelphia Phillies, but opted not to sign with the team.
Nelson batted .282 with six home runs and 29 RBI in 57 games as a freshman. After the 2019 season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Nelson hit .250 with a home run, 14 RBIs and 16 runs scored before his sophomore season was cut short due to the coronavirus pandemic. After the season was canceled, Nelson worked on his conditioning a lost 25 pounds. As a junior in 2021, he started 53 of the Seminoles games and was named the Atlantic Coast Conference Baseball Player of the Year after batting .330 with 17 doubles and a conference-leading 23 home runs. His 23 home runs also tied for the most in NCAA Division I and were the most by a Florida State player since the introduction of the BBCOR standard for bats in 2011. Nelson was also named the National Player of the Year by Perfect Game/Rawlings as well as a first team All-American by the Collegiate Baseball Newspaper and the NCBWA as a catcher and by Baseball America as a designated hitter and won the Buster Posey Award as the nation's best catcher.
Professional career
Nelson was selected the 35th overall pick in the 2021 Major League Baseball draft by the Cincinnati Reds. Nelson signed with Cincinnati for a $2.1 million bonus. He made his professional debut with the Rookie-level Arizona Complex League Reds and was later promoted to the Dayton Dragons of the High-A Central. Over ten games and 28 at-bats between the two teams, he batted .179 with two doubles. He missed time during the season after being hit in the hand while batting.
References
External links
Florida State Seminoles bio
1999 births
Living people
All-American college baseball players
Baseball players from Florida
Baseball catchers
Falmouth Commodores players
Florida State Seminoles baseball players
Dayton Dragons players
Arizona Complex League Reds players |
Subsets and Splits