id
stringlengths 3
8
| url
stringlengths 32
190
| title
stringlengths 2
122
| text
stringlengths 6
230k
|
|---|---|---|---|
120068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansfield%20Township%2C%20Freeborn%20County%2C%20Minnesota | Mansfield Township, Freeborn County, Minnesota | Mansfield Township is a township in Freeborn County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 289 at the 2000 census.
History
Mansfield Township was organized in 1866, and named after Mansfield, Ohio, the native home of an early settler.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93.6 km2), of which 36.1 square miles (93.6 km2) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km2) (0.06%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 289 people, 114 households, and 90 families residing in the township. The population density was 8.0 people per square mile (3.1/km2). There were 120 housing units at an average density of 3.3/sq mi (1.3/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.96% White, 0.35% Pacific Islander, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.38% of the population.
There were 114 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.9% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.79.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 28.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $40,714, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,960. About 4.6% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 1.6% of those 65 or over.
References
Townships in Freeborn County, Minnesota
Townships in Minnesota |
6194845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauerz | Lauerz | Lauerz is a village and municipality in the Schwyz District of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It adjoins Lake Lauerz (Lauerzersee).
History
Lauerz is first mentioned in 1306 as Lowertz.
In September 1806, the village was very badly affected by the tsunami that followed the landslide at Goldau, resulting in the deaths of 115 people in Lauerz alone.
Geography
The village of Lauerz is situated on the south shore of Lake Lauerz (Lauerzersee). The municipality consists of the village of Lauerz and a number of scattered farm houses between the northern slope of the Rigi mountain and the lake. A section of the lake, together with both of its islands, Schwanau and Roggenburg, are also within the municipality.
The municipality of Lauerz has an area, , of . Of this area, 44.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 35.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (15.5%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
Demographics
Lauerz has a population (as of ) of . , 6.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 15.2%. Most of the population () speaks German (97.1%), with English being second most common ( 0.9%) and Albanian being third ( 0.8%).
the gender distribution of the population was 51.5% male and 48.5% female. The age distribution, , in Lauerz is; 266 people or 30.4% of the population is between 0 and 19. 255 people or 29.2% are 20 to 39, and 261 people or 29.9% are 40 to 64. The senior population distribution is 60 people or 6.9% are 65 to 74. There are 20 people or 2.3% who are 70 to 79 and 12 people or 1.37% of the population who are over 80.
there are 306 households, of which 70 households (or about 22.9%) contain only a single individual. 35 or about 11.4% are large households, with at least five members.
In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 52% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (22.7%), the FDP (13.5%) and the SPS (10.4%).
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Lauerz about 64% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
Lauerz has an unemployment rate of 0.76%. , there were 73 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 55 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 10 businesses in this sector. 83 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 19 businesses in this sector.
From the , 731 or 83.6% are Roman Catholic, while 71 or 8.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There are 7 (or about 0.80% of the population) who are Islamic. 49 (or about 5.61% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 16 individuals (or about 1.83% of the population) did not answer the question.
The historical population is given in the following table:
References
External links
Municipalities of the canton of Schwyz |
63863877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine%20Muhongayire | Christine Muhongayire | Christine Muhongayire (born 1978) is a Rwandan politician, currently a member of the Chamber of Deputies in the Parliament of Rwanda.
Muhongayire represents the Southern Province and is a member of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. Her district is Nyaruguru District.
Muhongayire is the head of the Committee on Social Affairs in the Chamber of Deputies.
References
Living people
1978 births
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)
21st-century Rwandan women politicians |
15333206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Parish | David Parish | David Parish (December 4, 1778April 27, 1826) was a German-born land speculator and financier who played a major role in financing the United States military effort in the War of 1812 and in chartering the Second Bank of the United States.
Early life
Parish was born on December 4, 1778 in Hamburg, then known as the Free Imperial City of Hamburg and a state of the Holy Roman Empire. He is the grandson of Scottish merchant John Parish, who had transferred his business to Hamburg from Leith, Scotland in the 1750s.
Life in America
Parish emigrated to the United States in 1806, settling first in Philadelphia, then two years later acquired 200,000 acres of land in the St. Lawrence River Valley to sell as farmland to settlers. Further adding to his holdings he profited greatly from arranging a large shipment of gold and silver bullion from Mexico to Napoleon’s France.
He and his family played a major role in the development of St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties in northern New York state, where he made his home in Ogdensburg and built a blast furnace at Rossie. His 1810 built mansion is now home to the Frederic Remington Art Museum, and was occupied by members of the Parish family until the 1860s. The town of Parishville is named for him, where his family owned a sheep farm and grew hops.
Sympathetic to the anti-war Federalist Party, he nevertheless brokered a $7.5 million loan to the cash-strapped Republican administration of James Madison in 1813 to continue prosecuting the war. Historian Alan Taylor asserts that for that support, indispensable with Congress unwilling to raise taxes to fund the conflict, Parish gained the political leverage to insist on neutrality for the St. Lawrence Valley and peace negotiations with the British. Despite the strategic military importance of the St. Lawrence Valley, the US made only one half-hearted and disastrous attempt, in November 1813, to use it as an invasion corridor to attack Montreal and cut off the supply route from Lower to Upper Canada. The rest of the time, American and British interests continued their thriving transborder trade and generally peaceful relations as if there were no war between their countries, a fact Taylor attributes to Parish and his supporters and agents in the valley. Throughout the war, the focus of US military operations on land continued to be western Lake Ontario and the strategically marginal Niagara Peninsula.
In May 1816, Parish became an American citizen; he returned to Europe in the same year and served as the American consul in Antwerp from 1819 to 1823. He was removed from office due to controversial loans made to Emperor Francis of Austria for a military campaign against Italian independence, which was against the US foreign policy position
Later years and Death
Because of an Austrian bank fraud he lost his fortune and, in 1826, drowned himself in the Danube River. He was buried in the cemetery at Währing.
In popular culture
Parish was the basis for a character in the novel Anthony Adverse by Hervey Allen.
References
1778 births
1826 deaths
People from Hamburg
People from Ogdensburg, New York
People of the War of 1812
German emigrants to the United States
Suicides by drowning
Burials in Austria |
3028526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Savings%20and%20Investments | National Savings and Investments | National Savings and Investments (NS&I), formerly called the Post Office Savings Bank and National Savings, is a state-owned savings bank in the United Kingdom. It is both a non-ministerial government department and an executive agency of HM Treasury. The aim of NS&I has been to attract funds from individual savers in the UK for the purpose of funding the government's deficit. NS&I attracts savers through offering savings products with tax-free elements on some products, and a 100% guarantee from HM Treasury on all deposits. As of 2017, approximately 9% of the government's debt is met by funds raised through NS&I, around half of which is from the Premium Bond offering.
History
National Savings and Investments was founded by the Palmerston government in 1861 as the Post Office Savings Bank, the world's first postal savings system. The aim of the bank was to allow ordinary workers a facility "to provide for themselves against adversity and ill-health", and to provide the government with access to debt funding. As an example, savings certificates were issued in the First and Second World Wars to help finance the war effort. On 1 June 1957, the Premium Bonds draws were inaugurated, using E.R.N.I.E. – the Electronic Random Number Indicator Equipment machine (now located in the Science Museum).
In 1969, the bank was transferred from the Post Office to the Treasury. Its name was changed to National Savings Bank, and it gained an independent legal identity under the National Savings Bank Act 1971. Despite its independence , it was used by Government in 1980 to fund a significant proportion of the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement. The then Director, Stuart Gilbert was given a target of £2 billion rising to £3.8 billion of the following three years to raise in National Savings - targets that were achieved.
The name was changed again in 2002 to National Savings and Investments.
The previous graphic identity of NS&I, including the NS&I logotype, was created in 2005 by Lloyd Northover, the British design consultancy founded by John Lloyd and Jim Northover. The identity was updated in 2020, however no public information has been released regarding this.
Role
NS&I manages around £150 billion in savings. Funds from NS&I have historically been a relatively cheap source of government borrowing. NS&I sets interest rates both to attract savers and provide low-cost finance for the government, and 100% of any individual's savings are guaranteed by HM Treasury; rules are in place to ensure that it does not offer market-leading products that would stifle competition.
Operations
NS&I's head office is in Pimlico, London, with operational sites in Blackpool, Glasgow, Birkenhead and Durham. However, its entire back office operation is contracted out to a French company, Atos Global IT Solutions and Services, who use a site in Chennai, India.
NS&I first outsourced out its operations in 1999 to Siemens Business Services; some 4,000 staff were transferred to Siemens, leaving 130 NS&I staff responsible for the design, management and marketing of products, and managing the relationship with Siemens. A 2000 report by the National Audit Office stated that the contract was better value than keeping the operations in-house, and suggested other government departments could learn from the way this public-private partnership was procured and managed. The Siemens business unit was acquired by Atos in 2011.
In the past the bank offered many of its services through post offices, but in November 2011 it was announced that most products would only be available by telephone, online, or by post; Premium Bonds would be the only remaining product sold in post offices. From 1 August 2015, NS&I stopped selling Premium Bonds through post offices, and became a purely direct business.
Products
NS&I offers a wide range of savings and investment products, specialising in tax-free and income-generating products. As of December 2019 the following are offered:
Premium Bonds
Direct ISA
Junior ISA
Income Bonds
Direct Saver Account
Investment Account
Some further products are off-sale and only available for roll-over by maturing investments:
Index-linked Savings Certificates
Fixed Interest Savings Certificates
Guaranteed Growth Bonds
Guaranteed Income Bonds
Former products
Products which are no longer available with NS&I include:
Children's Bonds
Children's Bonus Bonds
Investment Guaranteed Growth Bond
TESSA-only ISA
Fixed-Rate Savings Bonds
Pensioners' Bonds and Capital Bonds
Ordinary Account/Treasurer's Account/SAYE/Yearly Plan/Deposit Bonds
FIRST Option Bonds
National Savings Stamps and Gift Tokens
Easy Access Savings Account
Gallery
See also
National Savings Movement
National Girobank
Rainbow Dance, Post Office Savings Bank film, 1936
Blythe House, London, headquarters 1903–1970s
References
External links
Banks established in 1861
Banks of the United Kingdom
Non-ministerial departments of the Government of the United Kingdom
Executive agencies of the United Kingdom government
1861 establishments in the United Kingdom
Government-owned companies of the United Kingdom
Postal savings system |
41518066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Montoya | Adam Montoya | Adam Montoya (born June 12, 1984), better known by his online alias SeaNanners, is an American YouTuber.
Career
Early life and work
After graduating from San Diego State University, Montoya did freelance work such as filming weddings. During this time, Adam, finding inspiration from other early YouTube gaming commentators, decided to record and upload his own game commentaries.
Work with Machinima
On December 3, 2009, Montoya uploaded a video to his channel explaining that he was now partnered with Machinima, Inc. and that they would be posting his gameplay videos on their network channel. On June 14, 2010, Montoya posted a video to his channel stating that he was a full-time employee of Machinima.
JETPAK
On November 5, 2014, Montoya announced that he and his associates had launched an multi-channel network, JETPAK. He wanted to create a network that did not contractually take advantage of YouTubers and their channels. The network is operated by former Machinima employees.
The Paranormal Action Squad
On November 2, 2016, Montoya announced he would co-star with Scott Robison and Evan Fong in a new YouTube Premium original series, The Paranormal Action Squad. The animated comedy aired on November 16, 2016.
Break from content creation and return
In 2018, Montoya slowed his YouTube video release rate from at least one video per week for most of his solo career to only releasing five videos in 2018. Montoya did not officially state anything about a permanent retirement, but in guest appearances on friends' videos, he discussed taking a break from YouTube and video creation to get "passive income up and running, whether I'm doing this or doing that [...] looking heavily into real estate". On August 29, 2020, during his return, he cited several reasons such as mental health and stress for his two-year absence.
See also
List of YouTubers
Rooster Teeth
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Video game commentators
San Diego State University alumni
Male YouTubers
Gaming YouTubers
Comedy YouTubers
Shorty Award winners
Minecraft YouTubers |
35553444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Canoe%20Association | European Canoe Association | The European Canoe Association (ECA) is the umbrella organization for canoeing sport in Europe. It was founded in Rome, Italy, on December 11, 1993. The organization has 45 member countries. The association was recognized by the International Canoe Federation at the ICF congress in Acapulco in 1994.
Disciplines
Canoe sprint
Canoe slalom
Wildwater canoeing
Canoe marathon
Canoe Polo
Canoe Sailing
Dragon Boat
Canoe freestyle
Canoe ocean racing
Championships
European Canoe Sprint Championships - annual event, established in 1933, discontinued in 1969, reinstated in 1997
European Junior and U23 Canoe Sprint Championships - annual event
European Canoe Slalom Championships - annual event, established in 1996
European Junior and U23 Canoe Slalom Championships - annual event
European Wildwater Championships - biennial event, established in 1997
European Junior Wildwater Championships - biennial event
European Canoe Marathon Championships - annual event, established in 1995
European Canoe Ocean Racing Championships - biennial event
European Canoe Polo Championship - biennial event
European Canoe Freestyle Championships - biennial event
European Dragon Boat Championships - biennial event
Board of directors
Albert Woods, President ()
Miroslav Haviar, Vice President ()
Jaroslav Pollert, Vice President ()
Branko Lovric, Secretary General ()
Members
References
External links
Official website
Canoeing governing bodies
Sports governing bodies in Europe |
57259011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecetis%20cinerascens | Oecetis cinerascens | Oecetis cinerascens is a species of long-horned caddisfly in the family Leptoceridae. It is found in North America.
References
Trichoptera
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1861 |
1295230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola%20Hellenic%20Bottling%20Company | Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company | Coca-Cola HBC AG also known as Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company or just Coca-Cola Hellenic is the world's third-largest Coca-Cola anchor bottler in terms of volume with sales of more than 2 billion unit cases. Coca-Cola HBC's shares are primarily listed on the London Stock Exchange with a secondary listing on the Athens Stock Exchange. The company is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Coca-Cola HBC has been named the industry leader among beverage companies in the 2014 Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) and is also included in the FTSE4Good Index.
History
Hellenic Bottling Company S.A. was incorporated under the laws of Greece in 1969, with headquarters in Athens. The Coca-Cola Company granted to the company its bottling rights in the country in 1969. In August 2000 Hellenic Bottling Company S.A. acquired Coca-Cola Beverages Ltd, the former European operations of Coca-Cola Amatil, and formed Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company S.A.
In October 2012, the company announced that it was moving its operational headquarters to Switzerland and would switch its main market listing to London. This was a major blow to the Athens stock market, as Coca-Cola Hellenic was its largest listed company by value. Reasons for the move included better access to financing and a move away from crisis ridden Greece, which had prompted ratings agencies to downgrade its credit over the summer to three notches above "junk" level.
On 29 April 2013 Coca-Cola HBC AG (“CCHBC AG”), the new Swiss holding company, was admitted to the London Stock Exchange’s main market.
On 11 September 2013 Coca-Cola HBC AG announced its inclusion into the FTSE 100 and FTSE All-Share indices. Coca-Cola HBC was named the industry leader among beverage companies in the 2014 Dow Jones Sustainability Index.
On 24 July 2014 Coca-Cola HBC AG announced its delisting of its American depositary receipts (ADRs) from the New York Stock Exchange, the termination of its ADR programme, and the deregistration and termination of its reporting obligations under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
In October 2017 the company's CEO, Dimitris Lois, died after a period of illness. On 7 December 2017, Zoran Bogdanović was appointed as new CEO by the Board of Directors.
On 18 February 2019, the company announced a deal valued at €260 million to acquire Serbian food company Bambi from Mid Europa Partners.
Operations
Coca-Cola HBC operates in 29 countries in 3 continents; its well established markets include Greece, Cyprus, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland and Italy, its developing markets include Poland, the Baltic States, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, and Croatia. Its emerging markets include Russia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine, Belarus, Romania, Montenegro, Armenia, Moldova, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Nigeria and Egypt.
The company's stock is 23.3% owned by the Kar-Tess Holding (a Luxembourg company) and 23.2% by the Coca-Cola Company. The remaining 53.5% are in free float of which about two-thirds are held by UK and US institutional investors.
References
External links
Coca-Cola bottlers
Drink companies of Greece
Food and drink companies established in 1969
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the Athens Exchange
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Greek subsidiaries of foreign companies
Drink companies of Switzerland
Greek companies established in 1969 |
3805145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretology | Aretology | An aretology or aretalogy (from ancient Greek aretê, "excellence, virtue") in the strictest sense is a narrative about a divine figure's miraculous deeds. There is no evidence that these narratives constituted a clearly defined genre but there exists a body of literature that contained praise for divine miracles. These literary works were usually associated with eastern cults.
In the Greco-Roman world, aretologies represent a religious branch of rhetoric and are a prose development of the hymn as praise poetry. Asclepius, Isis, and Serapis are among the deities with surviving aretologies in the form of inscriptions and papyri. The earliest records of divine acts emerged from cultic hymns for these deities, were inscribed in stones, and displayed in temples. The Greek aretologos (ἀρετολόγος, "virtue-speaker") was a temple official who recounted aretologies and may have also interpreted dreams.
By extension, an aretology is also a "catalogue of virtues" belonging to a person; for example, Cicero's list and description of the virtues of Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great") in the speech Pro Lege Manilia. Aretology became part of the Christian rhetorical tradition of hagiography.
In an even more expanded sense, aretology is moral philosophy which deals with virtue, its nature, and the means of arriving at it. It is the title of an ethical tract by Robert Boyle published in the 1640s. Other scholars also consider literature that involve the praise of wisdom as aretology.
See also
Aretê
Virtue ethics
References
External links
Detailed look at Aretology from the Universal Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Branches of philosophy
Virtue
Rhetoric
Ancient Greek religion |
37158610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan%20Cathedral%20of%20Medell%C3%ADn | Metropolitan Cathedral of Medellín | The Metropolitan Cathedral of Medellín, officially the Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Virgin Mary under the title of the Immaculate Conception. It is located in the central zone of the Medellín (Colombia) in the Villanueva neighborhood on the north side of Bolívar Park. Additionally, the temple was formerly called and it is still known but to a lesser extent, as Villaneuva Cathedral, especially during its construction to distinguish it from the Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria, which was the seat for the Episcopal see at the time.
Overview
The cathedral is the principal church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Medellin, home of the Archbishop and Metropolitan Chapter. It is also the headquarters of the "Cathedral Parish". In 1948, Pope Pius XII granted the temple the liturgical title of Minor Basilica by papal brief on June 12 of that year.
The building was designed by French architect Émile Charles Carré (1863-1909), in a Romanesque style, has a Latin cross, has three longitudinal aisles, in turn crossed by the transept or cross-ship, and its two towers are 66 meters in height at the withers. It is also a solid brick structure, since its construction approximately 1,120,000 bricks 8 cubic decimeters each (bound together with mortar) were used, which involve a volume of 97,000 meters cubed. For being one of the major architectural works of the country, it was declared a National Monument of Colombia on 12 March 1982.
It also has a small museum of religious art located in a room adjacent to the basilica, consisting of four rooms that are not open to the public. The collection includes about 40 paintings (from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries) and 15 sculptures (between the 18th and 19th centuries). The cathedral houses The Christ of Forgiveness by Colombian artist Francisco Antonio Cano Cardona.
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Colombia
Buildings and structures in Medellín
Tourist attractions in Medellín
National Monuments of Colombia
Basilica churches in Colombia |
27888036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burry%20Port%20Lifeboat%20Station | Burry Port Lifeboat Station | Burry Port Lifeboat Station (near Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, Wales) first opened in 1887, with all funds coming from a legacy left by Mr and Mrs Barclay.
The station was moved to Burry Port, due to the original lifeboat based at Llanelli being deemed too far away to be helpful; and the previous station based in Pembrey put at risk due to storms.
The station was closed for over half a century between 1914 and 1973 as it was deemed un-needed by the RNLI.
The station currently operates a named Diane Hilary and a named Misses Barrie
History
Burry Port Lifeboat Station opened in 1887 after moving twice in the previous 30 years. The station was allocated a 32-foot-long (9.8 m), 10-oar lifeboat named Stanton Meyrick of Pimlico which operated until 1886, when the boathouse was also abandoned due to operational issues in launching and recovering at that site.
The boathouse was built on the eastern side of Burry Port Harbour in 1887 to replace it, and up until the station closed in 1914 operated three different lifeboats, all named David Barclay of Tottenham, and saved a total of 34 lives.
In 1973, due to an increase in drowning incidents in Carmarthen Bay, the RNLI decided to reopen the station and allocate it a D class lifeboat.
In 2002 a Coast review acknowledged the need for a larger craft to complement the existing D class lifeboat and decided that a B class Atlantic 75 lifeboat would also be stationed here.
Following the delivery of the Atlantic 75 in 2010, which was housed in a temporary building, the dire need for a new boathouse to accommodate both boats under one roof was identified.
It would also offer, better volunteer facilities, increased capacity for school and group visits, a visitor experience with a shop and would be easier to manage. It would also be large enough to house a new Atlantic 85, a larger and more capable boat than the existing Atlantic 75.
Plans were drawn up and in Sept 2019 the new facility was officially opened and the new Atlantic 85 commissioned.The new building was designed by Llanelli Architects, Lewis Partnership Ltd.
Fleet
All Weather Boats
Inshore Lifeboats
D-class
B-class
See also
Royal National Lifeboat Institution
List of RNLI stations
References
External links
The official website of Burry Port Lifeboat
Burry Port Lifelboat Station
Lifeboat stations in Wales
Transport infrastructure completed in 1887 |
5717044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-Life%20E.P. | Half-Life E.P. | Half-Life E.P. is an EP released by Local H in 2001. It was released as a teaser for their album Here Comes the Zoo, which included the title track. The other songs include two covers, "Static Age" by The Misfits and "25 or 6 to 4" by Chicago, and a b-side, "Stick to What You Know".
Track listing
"Half-Life" (Scott Lucas, Brian St. Clair) – 3:39
"Static Age" (Glenn Danzig) – 2:42
"25 or 6 to 4" (Robert Lamm) – 3:51
"Stick to What You Know" (Scott Lucas, Brian St. Clair) – 2:41
Credits
Scott Lucas – vocals, guitar, bass
Brian St. Clair – drums
References
2001 EPs
Local H EPs
Palm Pictures EPs |
21732696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%85p%2C%20Gmina%20Gi%C5%BCycko | Kąp, Gmina Giżycko | Kąp () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Giżycko, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).
References
Villages in Giżycko County |
19855013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wygoda%2C%20%C5%81osice%20County | Wygoda, Łosice County | Wygoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Huszlew, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Villages in Łosice County |
47222616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop%27s%20Palace%2C%20Armagh | Archbishop's Palace, Armagh | The Archbishop's Palace, Armagh, Northern Ireland, is a landmark Neo-Classical building located on 300 acres of parkland just south of the centre of the city. The building served as primary residence of the Church of Ireland Archbishops of Armagh for over two hundred years, from 1770 to 1975, and thereafter as headquarters of Armagh City and District Council from then until April 2015 when that local authority was replaced following the reform of local government in Northern Ireland in that year.
The Palace was built when then Archbishop Richard Robinson sought to relocate the principal residence of the archbishops from Drogheda to the titular city of his office. Thomas Cooley undertook the design of the initial building and Francis Johnston was responsible for designing an additional floor at a later stage. The palace currently sits at the centre of the Palace Demesne Public Park, and serves as the office of the Lord Mayor of the new Armagh, Banbridge, and Craigavon Borough.
The building became protected as a Grade A listed building (HB 15/18/016) in 1975.
History
Richard Robinson was elected Archbishop of Armagh in 1765, which brought with it the Primacy of the Church of Ireland, and was at once dissatisfied with the modest residence provided on English Street, as well as the lack of improvement in the ancient Irish ecclesiastical capital generally. The Archbishop's Palace was constructed as part of Robinson's project to revistalise the old city generally upon his succeeding to the See of Armagh. Thomas Cooley undertook the design of the initial two-storey building, which was 7 bays wide by 4 bays deep, and Francis Johnston was responsible for designing an additional floor in the 1820s for Archbishop John George de la Poer Beresford.
The house and its walled demesne were referred to by Inglis in 1834 as
Following the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1871, Archbishop Knox sought to ensure that the palace and its grounds could continue to be used in perpetuity, as they were no longer being able to rely on tithe income for such purposes. The palace ceased to be the residence of the archbishop, during the tenure of Archbishop Simms, in the 1970s.
From 1975 to 2015, the building served as the headquarters for Armagh City and District Council until April 2015 when that local authority was replaced following the reform of local government in Northern Ireland in that year. Since April 2015 the palace has served as the office of the Lord Mayor of the new Armagh, Banbridge, and Craigavon Borough.
Grounds
Features
The palace is surrounded by grassland to the North, and mixed woodland (largely mature sycamore trees) to the south. There are some 19th century exotic trees near the Palace while a golf course and belt of protective woodland make up the north eastern and north sections of the park. Notable man-made features of the estate include the following:
A walled garden is at the north end, with a garden house (HB 15/18/014), not cultivated at present;
A 19th century glasshouse (HB 15/18/020) and ice house to the west of the Palace (HB 15/18/015);
The stables and coach yard (HB 15/18/018), which now serve as a visitor's centre;
Ruins of a Franciscan Friary, (SMR ARM 12:16) and a Holy Well dedicated to Saint Brigid (SMR ARM 12:17).
Rokeby Obelisk
Atop the high-point of the Palace grounds, Knox's hill, stands the Rokeby Obelisk erected in 1782–83, at the southern end of the park. This feature was constructed at the instigation of Archbishop Robinson at a time of severe distress in Armagh City, with employment afforded to those who could not find it elsewhere. The Obelisk's name comes from Rokeby Hall, country seat of Robinson's father, Sir Thomas Robinson, in the North Riding of Yorkshire and subject of Sir Walter Scott's epic poem Rokeby.
It is dedicated by Robinson to Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1763–1765 as Northumberland had been instrumental in securing the Archbishopric of Armagh for Robinson, who prior to that had been Bishop of Kildare. Both the Northumberland family's and the Royal coat of arms adorn the pedestal, whilst armorial bearings associated with Robinson are detailed on the shaft, as well as his motto, Non Nobis solum sed toti mundo nati.
Standing 113 feet tall, the Rokeby Obelisk has been awarded “Grade B” listed status with designation HB15/18/021.
Primatial Chapel
Also on the grounds, immediately adjacent to the Palace, is the Primatial Chapel, also built for Robinson. The Primatial Chapel is a Grade A listed building in its own right with designation HB15/18/017.
See also
County Armagh
History of Northern Ireland
List of Category A Listed Buildings in County Armagh
List of Category B+ Listed Buildings in County Armagh
Sources
External links
Sustainandbuild.com - Video detailing maintenance of the Palace
DIA.ie (Dictionary of Irish Architects, 1720 - 1940) - entry for the Palace
Youtube.com - clip of the Palace and its Grounds from the air
Episcopal palaces
County Armagh
Georgian architecture in the United Kingdom
Country houses in Northern Ireland
Church of Ireland buildings and structures in Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Armagh
City and town halls in Northern Ireland
Armagh (city)
Georgian architecture in Ireland |
2634015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%2C%20Australian%20Capital%20Territory | Russell, Australian Capital Territory | Russell (postcode: 2600) is a suburb of Canberra, Australia in the North Canberra district. Russell is one of the smallest suburbs in Canberra, comprising a number of government offices but no private residences. It is probably best known for the headquarters of the Australian Defence Force, which is housed in the Russell Offices complex.
It is bounded by Morshead Drive, Parkes Way and Constitution Avenue. Mount Pleasant lies just to the east, between Russell and Duntroon (which is part of the suburb of Campbell). The Australian American War Memorial is located in Russell. To the west lies Kings Park and Grevillea Park, on the shore of Lake Burley Griffin.
The suburb name has been associated with the locality for many years; Surveyor Charles Scrivener gave the name 'Russell' to an adjacent trigonometrical station in about 1910 and later adopted the name for an early settlement in the locality. The streets in Russell are named after armed services personnel.
Geology
Most of Russell is dominated by the lowest layer of the Ainslie Volcanics, a grey dacite and other erupted particles such as agglomerate and tuff.
Tertiary age pebbly gravels are around Parkes Way left from when the Molonglo river was at a higher level.
References
Suburbs of Canberra |
5609996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorsley | Gorsley | Gorsley is a small village in the Forest of Dean district of Gloucestershire, forming part of the civil parish of Gorsley and Kilcot in the South West England. Nearby Gorsley Common and Little Gorsley are both in Herefordshire.
Location and amenities
Gorsley is west of Newent, east of Ross-on-Wye and about south of Ledbury. The village is near junction 3 of the M50, one of the first motorways built in Britain in 1960. The slip roads on the junction end in right angled turns which often surprise motorists used to the more gradual, modern junction designs.
The Anglican church parish is combined with Cliffords Mesne. A stone Baptist chapel opened in 1852.
Gorsley limestone is named for the area. Stone from area quarries were used to build Victorian era buildings. Victorian maps show a number of quarries and lime kilns in the area.
The village pub is The Roadmaker, originally named The New Inn. It is owned and run by four ex-British Army Ghurka soldiers.
Gallery
References
External links
The Gorsley Village web site
BBC Hereford & Worcester - Gorsley Flower Festival photos
Gorsley Chapel
Villages in Gloucestershire |
42177925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier%20Republic | Glacier Republic | The Glacier Republic is a fictional micronation created as an advertising awareness campaign created by Greenpeace in Chile on March 5, 2014 in protest over mining corporations building on or near the glacier and causing it damage. According to the activists, loopholes in the laws between the borders of Chile and Argentina and a legal vacuum in regulations regarding the sovereignty of glaciers allowed them to legally create the Republic. Chile contains 82% of South America's glaciers, but currently has no laws in place to protect them.
The activists say that once Chile has passed appropriate legislation recognizing and guaranteeing the integrity and protection of its glaciers, "The Glacier Republic and its citizens will return the glaciers to the Chilean State," and the Glacier Republic will cease to exist. Therefore, the real purpose of the Republic is not to create a long-lasting country, but to force the Chilean government to protect its glaciers. Within its first ten days of "independence," more than 40,000 people signed up to become "citizens" in support of the Republic, which has already opened embassies in 40 countries around the world (essentially just those countries where Greenpeace International already have offices).
Legal status
The statement of Greenpeace would invoke an apparent absence anomie or legal rule governing the legal status of the glacier is. However, Article 593 subsection 2 of Chilean Civil Code states that "'The waters inside the baselines of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the State" and Article 595 provides: "All waters are national public goods'. On the other hand, the law 19,300 of Basic Environmental provides in art. 36, which form part of the protected areas "lots of sea, beach land, sea beaches, lakes, ponds, glacial , reservoirs, streams, swamps and other wetlands located within its perimeter".
Meanwhile, Regulation System of environmental impact assessment of Chilean State Decree No. 40 by SEIA published in the Official Chilean Gazette on August 12, 2013, without distinguishing between glaciers located within the National System of State Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE) or outside SNASPE expresses that: "all projects in all its phases, the system must undergo Environmental Impact Assessment relate to when Dams, drainage, draining, dredging, or alteration defense, significant, bodies or natural watercourses, including 'glaciers' that are incorporated as such in a public inventory by the Directorate General of Water"; Expresses turn the holder of such activity or project must submit an Environmental Impact if your project or activity is located close to glaciers, may be affected, qualifying as Next area the area of influence of the activity; Thus, glaciers outside the SNASPE enjoy and exegete weighted analysis by various government agencies of the State of Chile that must issue a decision within the procedure System Environmental Impact Studies shall count the existence of such records by the owner in the presentation of this study, all prior to the authorization of a project or activity that might pose a risk to the glaciers. So there is no lack of recognition of Glacier as part of the territory of Chile.
See also
Montevideo Convention
References
Also based on the article in Spanish Wikipedia
External links
Glacier Republic Website
News Article
Micronations
Micronations in Chile |
4231772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20510%20and%20341 | Area codes 510 and 341 | Area codes 510 and 341 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) serving much of the East Bay in California. They cover parts of Contra Costa County and western Alameda County, including the city of Oakland, but excluding Dublin, Livermore, Pleasanton, and Sunol.
Area code 510 was established on September 2, 1991, in a split from area code 415. On March 4, 1998, the inland portion of the East Bay was split off as area code 925. The dividing line followed the Berkeley Hills; almost everything west of the hills stayed in 510, while everything east of the hills transferred to 925.
In response to projections that 510 would exhaust in the second quarter of 2019, the California Public Utilities Commission approved the addition of an overlay area code, 341, to serve the East Bay. The first central office codes in 341 became available on July 22, 2019.
Ten-digit dialing became mandatory in the East Bay a month earlier, on June 22; attempts to make seven-digit calls triggered an intercept message reminding callers of the new procedure. Prior to 2019, 510 had been one of the few urbanized area codes without an overlay, making Oakland one of the few large cities where seven-digit dialing was still possible.
Cities in the numbering plan area
Alameda County
Alameda
Albany
Ashland
Berkeley
Castro Valley
Cherryland
Emeryville
Fairview
Fremont
Hayward
Newark
Oakland
Piedmont
San Leandro
San Lorenzo
Union City
Contra Costa County
Bayview-Montalvin
Canyon
Crockett
East Richmond Heights
El Cerrito
El Sobrante
Hercules
Kensington
North Richmond
Pinole
Port Costa
Richmond
Rodeo
Rollingwood
San Pablo
Tara Hills
Introduction of 341
By 2016, the California Public Utilities Commission (CUPC) projected that NPA 510 would exhaust its numbering pool by the second quarter of 2019. In response, the commission held meetings in Berkeley, Oakland and Hayward in January and February 2017 to discuss area code relief for 510. The North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) proposed in May 2017 that CPUC relieve 510 by introducing the overlay area code 341 for the entire territory. NANPA had previously assigned 341 as the relief area code for 510 in 1999, but nationwide number pooling procedures eliminated the need at that time. The NANPA retained 341 for the then-future relief of 510. CPUC accepted the NANPA proposal in a decision on June 21, 2018. With the start of the overlay plan in July 2019, all customers in the numbering plan area can be assigned telephone numbers with either code, and must dial the area code for all calls; otherwise, a recorded message will remind them if they dial incorrectly.
Prior usage of 510 for TWX
In the United States, AT&T originally used NPA 510 for the TWX (TeletypeWriter eXchange) network. Western Union acquired the TWX network in 1969 and renamed it Telex II. By the 1970s, three TWX codes had been added (710 in the Northeast, 810 in Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama; and 910 west of the Mississippi). Each major city had one or more local exchange prefixes. Western Union upgraded the network to "4-row" ASCII operation (it previously used both "3-row" Baudot and ASCII transmission) and decommissioned the special TWX area codes in 1981.
In Canada, TWX used 610 (nationwide) from 1962 until the remaining numbers were moved to area code 600 in 1992.
See also
List of California area codes
References
External links
510
510
Northern California |
728371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Andrews | Barry Andrews | Barry Andrews may refer to:
Barry Andrews (actor) (born 1944), British actor
Barry Andrews (rugby league) (born 1950), Australian rugby league player
Barry Andrews (musician) (born 1956), English vocalist and keyboardist with XTC and Shriekback
Barry Andrews (politician) (born 1967), Irish Fianna Fáil politician and former CEO of GOAL |
678158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosperm | Endosperm | The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of the flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, which may be auxin-driven. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. This can make endosperm a source of nutrition in animal diet. For example, wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread (the rest of the grain is included as well in whole wheat flour), while barley endosperm is the main source of sugars for beer production. Other examples of endosperm that forms the bulk of the edible portion are coconut "meat" and coconut "water", and corn. Some plants, such as orchids, lack endosperm in their seeds.
Origin of endosperm
Ancestral flowering plants have seeds with small embryos and abundant endosperm, the file root and the evolutionary development of flowering plants tends to show a trend towards plants with mature seeds with little or no endosperm. In more derived flowering plants the embryo occupies most of the seed and the endosperm is non-developed or consumed before the seed matures.
Double fertilization
Endosperm is formed when the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the interior of a female gametophyte (sometimes called the embryo sac). One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg cell, forming a zygote, while the other sperm nucleus usually fuses with the binucleate central cell, forming a primary endosperm cell (its nucleus is often called the triple fusion nucleus). That cell created in the process of double fertilization develops into the endosperm. Because it is formed by a separate fertilization, the endosperm constitutes an organism separate from the growing embryo.
About 70% of angiosperm species have endosperm cells that are polyploid. These are typically triploid (containing three sets of chromosomes), but can vary widely from diploid (2n) to 15n.
One species of flowering plant, Nuphar polysepala, has been shown to have endosperm that is diploid, resulting from the fusion of a pollen nucleus with one, rather than two, maternal nuclei. The same is supposed for some other basal angiosperms. It is believed that early in the development of angiosperm lineages, there was a duplication in this mode of reproduction, producing seven-celled/eight-nucleate female gametophytes, and triploid endosperms with a 2:1 maternal to paternal genome ratio.
Double fertilisation is a characteristic feature of angiosperms.
Endosperm formation
There are three types of Endosperm development:
Nuclear endosperm formation – where repeated free-nuclear divisions take place; if a cell wall is formed it will form after free-nuclear divisions. Commonly referred to as liquid endosperm. Coconut water is an example of this.
Cellular endosperm formation – where a cell-wall formation is coincident with nuclear divisions. Coconut meat is cellular endosperm. Acoraceae has cellular endosperm development while other monocots are helobial.
Helobial endosperm formation – Where a cell wall is laid down between the first two nuclei, after which one half develops endosperm along the cellular pattern and the other half along the nuclear pattern.
Evolutionary origins
The evolutionary origins of double fertilization and endosperm are unclear, attracting researcher attention for over a century. There are the two major hypotheses:
The double fertilization initially used to produce two identical, independent embryos ("twins"). Later these embryos acquired different roles, one growing into the mature organism, and another merely supporting it. Thus the early endosperm was probably diploid, like the embryo. Some gymnosperms, such as Ephedra, may produce twin embryos by double fertilization. Either of these two embryos is capable of filling in the seed, but normally only one develops further (the other eventually aborts). Also, most basal angiosperms still contain the four-cell embryo sac and produce diploid endosperms.
Endosperm is the evolutionary remnant of the actual gametophyte, similar to the complex multicellular gametophytes found in gymnosperms. In this case, acquisition of the additional nucleus from the sperm cell is a later evolutionary step. This nucleus may provide the parental (not only maternal) organism with some control over endosperm development. Becoming triploid or polyploid are later evolutionary steps of this "primary gametophyte". Nonflowering seed plants (conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, Ephedra) form a large homozygous female gametophyte to nourish the embryo within a seed.
The triploid transition - and the production of antipodal cells - may have occurred due to a shift in gametophyte development which produced a new interaction with an auxin-dependent mechanism originating in the earliest angiosperms.
The role of endosperm in seed development
In some groups (e.g. grains of the family Poaceae) the endosperm persists to the mature seed stage as a storage tissue, in which case the seeds are called "albuminous" or "endospermous", and in others it is absorbed during embryo development (e.g., most members of the family Fabaceae, including the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris), in which case the seeds are called "exalbuminous" or "cotyledonous" and the function of storage tissue is performed by enlarged cotyledons ("seed leaves"). In certain species (e.g. corn, Zea mays); the storage function is distributed between both endosperm and the embryo. Some mature endosperm tissue stores fats (e.g. castor bean, Ricinus communis) and others (including grains, such as wheat and corn) store mainly starches.
The dust-like seeds of orchids have no endosperm. Orchid seedlings are mycoheterotrophic in their early development. In some other species, such as coffee, the endosperm also does not develop. Instead, the nucellus produces a nutritive tissue termed "perisperm". The endosperm of some species is responsible for seed dormancy. Endosperm tissue also mediates the transfer of nutrients from the mother plant to the embryo, it acts as a location for gene imprinting, and is responsible for aborting seeds produced from genetically mismatched parents. In angiosperms, the endosperm contain hormones such as cytokinins, which regulate cellular differentiation and embryonic organ formation.
Cereal grains
Cereal crops are grown for their edible fruit (grains or caryopses), which are primarily endosperm. In the caryopsis, the thin fruit wall is fused to the seed coat. Therefore, the nutritious part of the grain is the seed and its endosperm. In some cases (e.g. wheat, rice) the endosperm is selectively retained in food processing (commonly called white flour), and the embryo (germ) and seed coat (bran) removed. The processed grain has a lower quality of nutrition. Endosperm thus has an important role within the human diet worldwide.
The aleurone is the outer layer of endosperm cells, present in all small grains and retained in many dicots with transient endosperm. The cereal aleurone functions for both storage and digestion. During germination, it secretes the amylase enzyme that breaks down endosperm starch into sugars to nourish the growing seedling.
See also
Ovule
References
External links
Endosperm: the pivot of the sexual conflict in flowering plants at Earthling Nature
Plant morphology
Plant physiology |
15466339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%A9nat%2C%20Cantal | Glénat, Cantal | Glénat is a commune in the département of Cantal in south-central France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Cantal department
References
Communes of Cantal |
7058475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herguijuela%20de%20la%20Sierra | Herguijuela de la Sierra | Herguijuela de la Sierra is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castilla y León. It is located from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 299 people. It is known, besides for its and other towns in the area's quaint old village air, for having a several-hundred-year-old beech tree nearby, one of two in all of western-central Spain.
Geography
The municipality covers an area of . It lies above sea level and the postal code is 37619. The Sierra de Francia Park is situated in the municipality.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Salamanca |
31757632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Oehler | John Oehler | John Walter "Cap" Oehler (born August 5, 1910 – May 12, 1983) was an American football center in the National Football League (NFL). He was a charter member of the Pittsburgh Pirates (which would later be renamed the Steelers).
Oehler was born in Queens, New York. He played college football at Purdue University where he was named a captain.
In Oehler joined the newly formed Pittsburgh Pirates of the NFL. In the team's first game, he blocked a punt which went out the back of the end zone resulting in a safety. Those were the first points recorded in franchise history and the lone points in that first 23–2 loss. He would play two years for the Pirates before moving on to the Brooklyn Dodgers where he played two more seasons.
After leaving football, he built a career in sales with shipbuilder Dravo Corporation.
References
1910 births
Sportspeople from Queens, New York
American football offensive linemen
American football defensive linemen
Players of American football from New York (state)
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Pittsburgh Pirates (football) players
Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL) players
1983 deaths |
39774464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keta%20Senior%20High%20Technical%20School | Keta Senior High Technical School | Keta Senior High Technical School (Ketasco) formerly Keta Secondary School is a mixed Public Senior High School located at Dzelukope a town in the Keta Municipal District of the Volta Region, Ghana. The school has a student population of about 3,515 and a teaching staff strength of 150 as at 2020. Ketasco is the biggest school in Volta Region and one of the biggest in Ghana. The motto of the school is DZO LALI with the slogan Now or Never. The Eagle at the main gate is to remind students to always be like the Eagle.
History
Ketasco was established on the 27th of February, 1953, when some personalities were commissioned to start a day institution that would serve as a catchment school for the hosts of elementary schools scattered all over Keta. The school began in a rented house just opposite the (Kudzawu's House) premises of the present Electricity Company of Ghana at Dzelukope. Ketasco started with Nathan Quao, the educator, civil servant and diplomat as the Founding Headmaster and twenty-two pioneering pupils. In 1961 the school moved to its present and permanent site.
Headmasters
The table below shows the list headmasters since the school was established and their tenure of office.
Courses offered
General Science
Business
General Arts
Home Economics
Technical
Visual Arts
Agricultural Science
Houses
There are four houses in the school which cater for males and females plus an additional hostel built by the Parent Teachers Association (PTA).The four traditional houses are:
Quao
Quao is the premier House of Ketasco, named after the first Headmaster of the school Nathan Quao . It is called House One. The colour is Green and the Motto is FIRST AMONG EQUALS. It is sited very close to the main gate of the school. It is headed by Housemaster and three House Captains. At the girl's side, Quao House has a House mistress and three House Captains. The same structure is maintained in the three other houses. The Housemaster, Mr Foga Nukunu and Housemistress, Ms Valerie Gogovie.
Fiawoo
It is also known as House Two. It was named after the first Chairman of the Board of Governors, Late Rev. Dr F. K Fiawoo. The colour is Blue. The Housemaster, Mr Francis Egbenya and Housemistress, Ms Ketemepi Imelda.
Abruquah
The third Headmaster of Ketasco was J. W Abruquah. The colour is Yellow. It is sited very close to the school gate. The Housemaster, Mr Evance Dzokanda and Housemistress, Ms Testimony Agbetum.
Kotoka
This is House four and its color is Red. It was named in honour of Lieutenant General E.K. Kotoka, who led the 1966 Coup d'état. And the Housemaster, Mr Emmanuel Adonu and Housemistress, Ms Florence Kuwornu.
Note: Quao and Abruquah are also referred to as City while Kotoka and Fiawoo are called Zongo.
PTA HOSTEL
It was funded by the PTA (Parent Teacher Association). It is a modern edifice which houses only boys who could not get admission into the traditional houses.
Achievements
In 2011 Ketasco won the National Constitution Game Competition.
Ketasco won the National Human Rights Competition(December 2007) whipping PRESEC Legon in the Semi Finals.
In 2014, Ketasco won the Sprite Ball Basketball Competition
In 2012, Ketasco won the Montreal Protocol National Quiz Competition organized at Ola Senior High Secondary School.
Ketasco was the first runner up for the Constitution Game Competition for three times.
The school has won the Volta Regional Championship in the Constitution Game for four times.
Ketasco has won the Regional Project Citizen contest.
The school has shown class in the National Science and Maths Quiz over the years. In 2017, they ousted a highly rated Opoku Ware School with 52 points as the against 37.
In 2017, Keatsco took the App Silver award at the MTN APP Developer Challenger.
In 2008,Ketasco were the first Volta region school to reach semi-finals and end in the fourth place
References
External links
High schools in Ghana
Boarding schools in Ghana
Presbyterian schools in Africa
Educational institutions established in 1953
Christian schools in Ghana
Public schools in Ghana
1953 establishments in Gold Coast (British colony)
Education in Volta Region |
18019768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidolon%20%28album%29 | Eidolon (album) | Eidolon is an album by the German melodic black metal band Dark Fortress. This is the first album with Nassos as a real band member. Morean already appeared on Séance as the composer of the song Incide and the arranger of the string section used in the song While They Sleep. The reason he became a member was based on his musical and vocal abilities, his personage and dedication to extreme and dark music. He is responsible for the lyrical concept of Eidolon.
This release is a concept album based on the Greek idea of an astral double, which is similar to the German concept of a doppelgänger.
{{cquote|EIDOLON is a concept album which in its nine chapters describes the initiation, dehumanization and unearthly rebirth of a transcending soul by mirror magic and astral projection.|20px|20px|Dark Fortress}}
Track listing
Notes
Thomas Gabriel Fischer (Celtic Frost, Triptykon) appears as a guest vocalist on the song Baphomet.
A video of the song Edge of Night was made and can be viewed at their MySpace page.
Personnel
Dark Fortress
Morean – vocals
V. Santura – lead guitar
Asvargr – guitar
Draug – bass guitar
Paymon – keyboard
Seraph – drums
Additional musicians and production
Thomas Gabriel Fischer – vocals on Baphomet''
V. Santura – production, recording, engineering, mixing and mastering
Christophe Szpajdel – logo
Release dates
Release dates are confirmed by their website.
External links
Dark Fortress on Myspace
Encyclopaedia Metallum (retrieved 10-18-08)
References
2008 albums
Dark Fortress albums
Century Media Records albums |
55187649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazuna%20Takase | Kazuna Takase | is a Japanese football player. He plays for FC Tokyo.
Career
Kazuna Takase joined J1 League club FC Tokyo in 2017.
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Association football people from Tokyo
Japanese footballers
J1 League players
FC Tokyo players
Association football goalkeepers |
43646081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit-paired%20keyboard | Bit-paired keyboard | A bit-paired keyboard is a keyboard where the layout of shifted keys corresponds to columns in the ASCII (1963) table, archetypally the Teletype Model 33 (1963) keyboard. This was later contrasted with a typewriter-paired keyboard, where the layout of shifted keys corresponds to electric typewriter layouts, notably the IBM Selectric (1961). The difference is most visible in the digits row (top row): compared with mechanical typewriters, bit-paired keyboards remove the _ character from 6 and shift the remaining &*() from 7890 to 6789, while typewriter-paired keyboards replace 3 characters: from " to @ from _ to ^ and from ' to *. An important subtlety is that ASCII was based on mechanical typewriters, but electric typewriters became popular during the same period that ASCII was adopted, and made their own changes to layout. Thus differences between bit-paired and (electric) typewriter-paired keyboards are due to the differences of both of these from earlier mechanical typewriters.
Bit-paired keyboards were common in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, due to ease of manufacture, but died out in the late 1970s with office automation, due to the number of users already accustomed to (electric) typewriter layouts. Bit-paired keyboard layouts survive today only in the standard Japanese keyboard layout, which has all shifted values of digits in the bit-paired layout.
Technical details
Background
In mechanical typewriters, the shift key functions by mechanically shifting some component so an alternate row of characters on typebars hits the paper. In an electronic system, by contrast, there is no necessary connection between the code points of unshifted and shifted values, though implementation is simpler if the code points of unshifted and shifted keys are related, most simply by a single bit differing. In electromechanical systems, this makes a significant difference in ease of implementation, as shifting must be accomplished by some physical linkage.
For this reason, among others (such as ease of collation), the ASCII standard strove to organize the code points so that shifting could be implemented by simply toggling a bit. This is most conspicuous in uppercase and lowercase characters: uppercase characters are in columns 4 (100) and 5 (101), while the corresponding lowercase characters are in columns 6 (110) and 7 (111), requiring only toggling the 6th bit (2nd high bit) to switch case; as there are only 26 letters, the remaining 6 points in each column were occupied by symbols or, in one case, a control character (DEL, in 127).
This is also present, but less precisely, in the organization of digits and symbols in columns 2 (010) and 3 (011) – this discrepancy is the source of bit-paired layouts. Ideally the characters would have been ordered so that unshifted and shifted values of a typewriter key were in adjacent columns, allowing shifting to be implemented by toggling the 5th bit (1st high bit). Due to other concerns, this correspondence is inexact: for example, SP (Space) and 0 (zero) both have low bits 00000 (to ease collation for space and conversion to/from binary-coded decimal for 0), preventing 0 from lining up with ) (right parenthesis), its conventional value, and thus instead () corresponded to 89, instead of 90 as on typewriters. Further, while digits were placed in column 3, the characters ,-./ (conventionally unshifted) were placed in column 2, to ease collation, due to being used as separators, and the characters ;: (conventionally paired) were both placed in column 3. Other symbols also did not line up with their conventional digit pair, as detailed below.
As a result, implementing an electromechanical keyboard that produced an ASCII encoding but had conventional typewriter key mappings would require significant complexity due to key-specific shift mechanisms for digits and symbol keys. This could be avoided by changing the key mappings to correspond to the ASCII table, which was notably done in the Teletype Model 33 (1963). Later keyboards continued to use this mapping, which was formalized in the American Standards Association X4.14-1971 standard and the European Computer Manufacturers' Association ECMA-23 standard, where it is referred to as logical bit pairing, and contrasted with typewriter pairing. In everyday usage these were referred to as bit-paired and typewriter-paired keyboards.
Mapping
The most conspicuous feature of a bit-paired keyboard are the shifted values of the digits, which are (only 9 values, 0 being unpaired):
…instead of the conventional mechanical typewriter-paired values of:
…and the electric typewriter-paired values of:
The shifted values of digits in a bit-paired keyboard thus differ from mechanical typewriters only in omitting _ and shifting the remaining characters left. Electric typewriters differ in replacing " with @, _ with ^, and ' with *. This is because smaller characters hit the paper with less force, and consolidating smaller characters such as and into a pair on a single key avoided needing to adjust the force based on shift state.
Overall this results in the following comparison between bit-paired keyboards and (electric) typewriter-paired keyboards: they agree in 1, 3, 4, 5, and differ in 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0: bit-pairing replaces @ with " (position 2), removes ^ (position 6, shifting later characters left), and replaces * with ' (position 8/7); there is also no shifted value for 0, as this corresponds to space, which is covered by the space bar. This corresponds in the ASCII table to the following columns (displayed as rows here):
high low bits
bits 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001
010 ! " # $ % & ' ( )
011 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
There are also less conspicuous differences in the symbol keys: bit-paired and typewriter-paired keyboards agree on (rows 12, 14, and 15) but bit-paired keyboards have (rows 10, 11, and 13) instead of and are missing the key, as these are shifted values of digits.
This is the complete set of symbols on the Model 33; it is notably missing though these are present on other bit-paired keyboards. On both bit-paired and typewriter-paired keyboards, are paired (rows 11, 12, and 13), but on bit-paired keyboards are paired and is an unpaired key, while on typewriter-paired keyboards and are shifted digits, while are paired and is paired with .
Legacy
In the US, bit-paired keyboards continued to be used into the 1970s, including on electronic keyboards like the HP 2640 terminal (1975) and the first model Apple II computer (1977). They died out in the late 1970s, due to the influx of users accustomed to electric typewriters, and were not included in the successor to the X4.14-1971 standard, X4.23-1982. No later common American layout uses bit-pairing. A typewriter-paired layout similar to the IBM Selectric's was used in the DEC VT52 (1975), the IBM PC (1981), and the Model M keyboard (1984). Other personal computers imitated it, resulting in the typewriter-paired layout becoming standard in the US, and to a lesser extent globally.
In the UK, bit-paired keyboards were used on most 8-bit computers such as the Acorn BBC computers and the earlier Atom and Systems, the Amstrad CPC series, and (to an extent) the ZX Spectrum.
In Europe, keyboards of computers for text processing underwent the transition to national typewriter layouts in the late 1970s, but otherwise the international bit-paired layout of ISO 2530 (1975) remained in use until general-purpose PC keyboards replaced the device-specific ones in the late 1980s.
However, bit-pairing spread to countries that did not have as strong a tradition of typewriters but who adopted computers in the 1970s or early 1980s. It was found in the Japanese keyboard layout, the Turkish F-keyboard, and the Russian JCUKEN (Latin) layout. Of these, only the Japanese remains in use; the Turkish layout was replaced by QWERTY with typewriter-paired keys, while the JCUKEN (Latin) was replaced by Cyrillic layouts.
The influence of the Selectric layout was incomplete, however, and many layouts use the earlier 2" pairing, including UK layout and the Russian JCUKEN Cyrillic layout.
References
ASCII
Keyboard layouts |
22528960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20H.%20Brooke | George H. Brooke | George Haydock Brooke (July 9, 1874 – November 16, 1938) was an American football player and coach. He played college football as a fullback at Swarthmore College from 1889 to 1892 and at the University of Pennsylvania from 1893 to 1895. Brooke served as the head football coach at Stanford University (1897), Swarthmore (1900–1912), and Penn (1913–1915), compiling a career college football coaching record of 90–46–10. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1969.
Early life and family history
Brooke was born on July 9, 1874, in Brookeville, Maryland, to Walter H. Brooke at Caroline Leggett Brooke. He was married to Marie Louise Gregg Robb. He and his wife had no children. Brooke attended Brookeville High School in Maryland before moving on to Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. At Swarthmore, he played baseball and football. He was the captain of the 1892 Swarthmore football team. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Swarthmore in 1893. He next enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph. B) degree in 1895 and an Bachelor of Law (LL. B) degree in 1898.
Playing career
Brooke played seven years of college football at Swarthmore College and then at the University of Pennsylvania. He was selected as an All-American in 1894 and 1895 while playing for the University of Pennsylvania. Penn was undefeated and won the national championship of football in the two seasons that Brooke was named an All-American. All-American selector, Caspar Whitney called Brooke a "very hard man to stop. He strikes the line with almost irresistible force." He was regarded as a ferocious fullback and a top notch punter. He is credited with coining the phrase "coffin corner" when describing his long punts deep into the opposing end of the field. Brooke was barred from playing for Pennsylvania after the 1895 season because of an agreement between Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania that limited players to four seasons. After finishing a bachelor's degree from Pennsylvania, Brooke was the subject of an allegation of being an ineligible player in an October 24, 1896 game in New Orleans, LA. In the game, Brooke played only one down for Tulane University before LSU protested to the game's referee. Tulane claimed that Brooke planned on enrolling there as a graduate student. During the debate between team captains, Brooke refused to sign an affidavit stating his intention to enroll at Tulane, as he was already enrolled in law school at the University of Pennsylvania. The referee ruled him ineligible to play. The Tulane football team refused to continue playing the game without Brooke, so the referee ruled the game to be a forfeit in favor of LSU.
Coaching career
Following his playing career, Brooke was the head football coach at Stanford University in 1897, compiling a record of 4–1. In the spring of 1898 he took a break from coaching and joined the first Pennsylvania unit that was mustered into service for the Spanish–American War. He served in Puerto Rico during the conflict. Brooke was discharged from the Army later in 1898 with the war ending. From 1900 to 1912 he coached Swarthmore College's football team, earning an overall record of 72–32–6. He coached three years at the University of Pennsylvania, where his record was 13–12–4. After leaving coaching, he became an insurance broker. He suffered from a heart condition, and spent his final years living on the West Coast. He died November 16, 1938, in Tucson, Arizona.
Other interests and legacy
Brooke was also an accomplished squash player, winning the national amateur squash championship in 1904, and the doubles championship in 1917.
Brooke died in 1938. In 1969, he was posthumously inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
Head coaching record
References
External links
1874 births
1938 deaths
19th-century players of American football
19th-century baseball players
American football fullbacks
American male squash players
Penn Quakers football coaches
Penn Quakers football players
Stanford Cardinal football coaches
Swarthmore Garnet Tide baseball players
Swarthmore Garnet Tide football coaches
Swarthmore Garnet Tide football players
Tulane Green Wave football players
All-American college football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
People from Brookeville, Maryland
Coaches of American football from Maryland
Players of American football from Maryland
Baseball players from Maryland |
6423605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Isabel | Lady Isabel | "Lady Isabel" is an English ballad known as Child Ballad 261 and Roud #3884.
Synopsis
Her stepmother says that Lady Isabel is said to be her father's whore, and cites that he dresses his daughter better than her, his wife. Isabel denies it, says their clothing befits their ages, and claims a lover beyond the sea. Her stepmother offers her a poisoned drink; she puts it to her own lips but is careful not to drink a drop, and gives it to Isabel, who drinks and dies. She curses her stepmother, saying she will go to heaven and her stepmother to hell; her stepmother goes mad.
Bibliography
Marcello Sorce Keller, "Sul castel di mirabel: Life of a Ballad in Oral Tradition and Choral Practice", Ethnomusicology, XXX (1986), no. 3, 449-469.
See also
List of the Child Ballads
Lord Thomas and Lady Margaret
External links
Lady Isabel
Lady Isabel; folklorist.org
Child Ballads
Murder ballads
Isabel |
67566001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltash%20East%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Saltash East (electoral division) | Saltash East (Cornish: ) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Saltash Tamar.
Councillors
Extent
Saltash East represented the east of the town of Saltash, including Saltash station, the Tamar Bridge, and part of the suburb of South Pill (which was shared with the Saltash North division). The division covered 204 hectares in total.
Election results
2017 election
2013 election
References
Electoral divisions of Cornwall Council |
14922624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality%20Markets | Quality Markets | Quality Markets was an American supermarket chain, with stores in Western New York and northwestern Pennsylvania. It was a subsidiary of Penn Traffic, but is now a division of Tops Markets LLC.
History
The first Quality Markets store opened in Jamestown, New York in 1913, and spread into Pennsylvania by the 1930s. They became a subsidiary of Penn Traffic in 1979. They opened their first stores in Buffalo, New York in 1993.
According to their website, they were the first chain store in Western New York to use barcode scanners at the checkout.
After the parent company's third bankruptcy and sale to Tops Markets LLC, Quality stores were converted to Tops by the end of August 2010, along with sister stores P&C and BiLo/Riverside.
Litigation
For much of the mid-to-late 1990s, Quality Markets was embroiled in antitrust litigation with its eventual successor, Tops Markets. The lawsuit against Quality was based on allegations that they conspired with a local developer to prevent Tops from entering the local Jamestown market.
References
Retail companies established in 1913
Retail companies disestablished in 2010
Companies based in Buffalo, New York
Defunct supermarkets of the United States
1913 establishments in New York (state)
2010 disestablishments in New York (state) |
1753663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Sizer | Ted Sizer | Theodore Ryland Sizer (June 23, 1932 – October 21, 2009) was a leader of educational reform in the United States, the founder (and eventually President Emeritus) of the Essential school movement and was known for challenging longstanding practices and assumptions about the functioning of American secondary schools. Beginning in the late 1970s, he had worked with hundreds of high schools, studying the development and design of the American educational system, leading to his major work Horace's Compromise in 1984. In the same year, he founded the Coalition of Essential Schools based on the principles espoused in Horace's Compromise.
Life and career
Sizer was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of Caroline Wheelright (Foster) and Theodore Sizer, Sr. (1892–1967), an art history professor at Yale University. He received his B.A. in English from Yale in 1953 and subsequently served in the Army as an artillery officer. He later described his experience leading soldiers in a democratic and egalitarian fashion as a formative influence on his ideas about education. After teaching in high schools, he earned his masters and doctorate in education from Harvard University in 1957 and 1961, respectively. He was a faculty member and later dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Education, a position he held during the 1969 Harvard student strike. While dean, he reorganized the school into seven departments, expanding the resources available for research (particularly in the area of urban education), while expanding minority enrollment. In 1970, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship for Education.
Sizer left Harvard to serve as headmaster of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts from 1972 to 1981, to lead a study of American high schools sponsored by the National Association of Secondary School Principals and the National Association of Independent Schools. From 1983 to 1997, he worked at Brown University as a professor and chair of the education department, and in 1993, he became the Founding Director of the Annenberg Institute for School Reform.
During his years at Brown, he produced most of his books, including Horace's Compromise. In it, he examined the fundamental compromise at the heart of allegedly successful American high schools. He suggested that the students agree to generally behave in exchange for the schools agreeing not to push them too hard or challenge them too severely. Thus, he widened the scope of schools that were failing to do their best to educate children far beyond the traditionally criticized poor and urban schools and challenged the conceptions of what could be considered a successful school. The ideas explored in his Horace Trilogy supply much of the foundation of the Coalition of Essential Schools.
Theodore frequently collaborated with his spouse and fellow educator Nancy Faust Sizer. After Brown University, the couple took a one-year position during the 1998–99 school year as co-principals of the Francis W. Parker Charter Essential School, which Ted helped found and served as a Trustee. Deborah Meier joined the couple in authoring Keeping School, based on the Parker experience. From 1997 through 2006, Sizer returned to the Harvard Graduate School of Education as a visiting professor. He and Nancy co-taught a course on redesigning the American secondary school, while he continued to work on the issues of integrating the multiple services that low socio-economic status families need in poor communities.
Sizer was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
Theodore and Nancy Faust wed in 1955 and had four children together. He died at age 77 on October 21, 2009 at his home in Harvard, Massachusetts due to colon cancer.
Works
The Age of the Academies (1964)
Secondary Schools at the Turn of the Century (1964)
Places for Learning, Places for Joy (1973)
Horace's Compromise: The Dilemma of the American High School (1984)
Horace's School: Redesigning the American High School (1992)
Horace's Hope: What Works for the American High School (1997)
The Students Are Watching: Schools and the Moral Contract (1999, co-authored with Nancy Sizer)
Keeping School: Letters to Families from Principals of Two Small Schools (2003, co-authored with Deborah Meier & Nancy Faust Sizer)
The Red Pencil: Convictions From Experience in Education (2004)
The New American High School (2013, posthumously)
References
External links
Theodore R. Sizer Papers, 1939-2009, John Hay Library, Brown University
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Deaths from cancer in Massachusetts
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
Yale University alumni
Brown University faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Education faculty
United States Army officers
1932 births
2009 deaths
Coalition of Essential Schools
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
People from Harvard, Massachusetts
Schoolteachers from Massachusetts
20th-century American educators
Members of the American Philosophical Society
20th-century American male writers
Military personnel from Massachusetts |
18451416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausia%2C%20Pakistan | Ausia, Pakistan | Ausia (اوسیاہ ) is a village in the Union council of Dewal, Murree Tehsil (مری), Rawalpindi District, Pakistan. It borders Union Councils of Rawat, Phagwari & Malkot. It is located on Upper Kohala Road at 33°59'0N .73°28'0E at an altitude of 1712 meters (5620). Ausia's boundary starts from (Passi(Kurhbagla)New-shakkarparyaan) spotting Murree-Meridian Marriage Hall, from where the road starts its descent down towards the core village (ranging towards Kohala & other northern areas, a crossing point into Kashmir) and spreads up to 'Peida' near ex-PM of Pakistan Shahid Khaqan Abbasi's residence & here the next model village 'Dewal' situated in the same UC initiates.
Beyond Murree, it was the only place to have a Government Higher Secondary School since 1885, which was later upgraded to a College. The School remained the sole educational institution catering to the people of lower union councils of Murree for a long time. As of 2019 there are many primary and secondary government and private schools for both genders.
A main road links Ausia with Malkot (Hazara/KP) leads further to Ayubia & Abbotabad. Another link road, Ausia-Dehla Road, connects the Upper Kohala Road with the Lower Kohala Road(Phagwari, Alyot, Topa) starts from the main bazaar of Ausia, called 'Parao'.
During the (British Raj), the 'Parao' served as a resting place for the troops, including high command, en route to Kashmir & India. Here's situated the 'Grand Jamia Mosque Ausia'(Murree's 1st grand mosque comprising a vast space for a number of Namazis). This spacious Masjid is being rebuilt with generous contributions from the residents.
The Ausia bazar (Parao, Makkah Chowk, Malkot Chowk, Chatti) offers hotel/workshop/catering services. Adjacent to the bazar are numerous private/ government schools & colleges and also 2 playgrounds (one at Parao & the other at Dara/Baagh en'route Makkah chowk) which host certain sporting/gaming events not only for the locals but also for the outsiders. Summers are pleasant as the weather is moderate most of the time & the inhabitants enjoy consuming indingenous fruits & veggies. The winters are often very cold with constant rain, hail & snowl. Ausia is about 20–25 minutes drive from Murree under normal conditions.
Notable people
Nadeem Abbasi, Former Test Cricketer Pakistan National Team (1989)
Javed Malik, Prime Minister's Special Envoy for Foreign Investment
References
Union councils of Murree Tehsil
Populated places in Murree Tehsil |
22624366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werndl | Werndl | Werndl is an Austrian name and may refer to:
Werndl–Holub rifle
People
Bill Werndl (born 1945), sports talk radio host
Josef Werndl, Austrian arms producer and inventor
Charlotte Werndl, Austrian philosopher
Jessica von Bredow-Werndl (born 1986), German dressage rider |
12752017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kersoe | Kersoe | Kersoe is a hamlet in Worcestershire, England. It is at the foot of Bredon Hill an area of outstanding natural beauty.
Villages in Worcestershire |
26363508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Bank%20of%20the%20West%20Classic | 1998 Bank of the West Classic | The 1998 Bank of the West Classic was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Taube Tennis Center in Stanford, California in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1998 WTA Tour. It was the 27th edition of the tournament and was held from July 27 through August 2, 1998. First-seeded Lindsay Davenport won the singles title.
Finals
Singles
Lindsay Davenport defeated Venus Williams 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
It was Davenport's 4th title of the year and the 35th of her career.
Doubles
Lindsay Davenport / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Elena Tatarkova 6–4, 6–4
It was Davenport's 5th title of the year and the 36th of her career. It was Zvereva's 3rd title of the year and the 76th of her career.
External links
ITF tournament edition details
Bank of the West Classic
Silicon Valley Classic
Bank of the West Classic
Bank of the West Classic
Bank of the West Classic
Bank of the West Classic |
9351298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Woods%20%28British%20politician%29 | George Woods (British politician) | The Reverend George Saville Woods (13 September 1886 – 9 July 1951) was a British Unitarian minister and Labour and Co-operative politician.
The son of Thomas William and Alice Antice Woods, he was educated at Handsworth College, Birmingham and Manchester College, Oxford. From 1914 to 1921 Woods served as minister at Mary Street Chapel, Taunton, Somerset, and from 1921 as minister of York Unitarian Chapel.
He became in the co-operative movement and labour politics, holding at different times the chairmanship of the Taunton Labour Party, the York Labour Party and the York Co-operative Society. He was elected to the York Board of Guardians and York City Council. In 1929 and 1931 he fought the Yorkshire seat of Barkston Ash but could not defeat the Conservative candidate.
At the 1935 general election he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Finsbury in London, unseating George Masterman Gillett of the National Labour Organisation. Due to the Second World War, the next election was not held until 1945. Woods was elected as MP for Mossley in Lancashire. When the Mossley seat was abolished in 1950, he was elected for the new seat of Droylsden, and was its member at the time of his death in a York hospital in July 1951, aged 65.
References
External links
1886 births
Labour Co-operative MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
1951 deaths
Place of birth missing |
4606081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park%20View%20High%20School%20%28Loudoun%20County%2C%20Virginia%29 | Park View High School (Loudoun County, Virginia) | Park View High School is a public secondary school in Sterling, an unincorporated area in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. The school is part of Loudoun County Public Schools and is located at 400 West Laurel Avenue in the Sterling Park community.
History
Park View High School opened in 1976 and served the entire Sterling Park and Sugarland areas. When Richard Bonieskie opened Park View, it offered state of the art facilities, including a large auditorium and a two-level library, which gave the school the nickname "University of Park View" during the years following its opening.
As eastern Loudoun County began to experience high growth in the 1980s and 1990s, a considerable portion of its student body was fed into Potomac Falls High School, which opened in 1997. In 2003, more of Park View's student body were fed not only into Potomac Falls, but also into Dominion High School, which opened that year.
Park View was extensively renovated between 2002 and 2004. The renovations included moving the library to the first floor, expanding it, adding classrooms on the second floor, reconstructing the main offices and guidance offices, the senior courtyard, and constructing a foyer on the front of the building. In 2005, the auditorium was also renovated and features new seats, a new curtain, and new theater systems. In 2017, furniture and charging stations were added around the school.
Controversies
In 2014, three students of the graduating class of 2014 vandalized the school as their senior prank. School officials could not identify who the students were due to the students wearing masks. The graffiti contained explicit images and profane language, as claimed by the officials. The incident divided the student body in addition to angering the parents and school faculties. The Loudoun County Sheriffs office had not solved the case as of May 2019.
In 2015, Park View student Danny Centeno-Miranda was shot and killed while on his way to school. Three people were caught and charged with crimes after the murder.
In 2018, a controversy arose after Park View received a donation from the Redskins to build a turf field. Backlash arose after the school's football program was canceled after lack of participation from students and alleged absence of funds. LCPS stated that coaches and directors were working hard towards creating a new schedule that better fits Park View's level of competitiveness. Due to the negative responses from the community, Hilarie Burton (Park View alumna) donated to the school in hopes of restoring the football programming in the following year.
Demographics
Enrollment by grade
Enrollment by race/ethnicity
Enrollment by gender
Total students: 1304
Accreditation and test scores
Accreditation
Park View High School is a fully accredited high school based on the Standards of Learning tests in Virginia. The school went through SACS accreditation in November 2009.
Graduation statistics
Enrollment history
Notable alumni
Hilarie Burton, class of 2000, former MTV TRL VJ, actress, former star of One Tree Hill, starring in White Collar
Billy King, class of 1984, former basketball player and winner of the Henry Iba Corinthian National Defensive Player of the Year award with the Duke Blue Devils, former general manager and team president of the Philadelphia 76ers and former general manager of the Brooklyn Nets
Jeff Lageman, class of 1985, former NFL defensive end for the Jacksonville Jaguars and the New York Jets
Allen Pinkett, class of 1982, former running back for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the Houston Oilers
See also
Loudoun County Public Schools
References
Public high schools in Virginia
Schools in Loudoun County, Virginia
Educational institutions established in 1976
1976 establishments in Virginia |
3473358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy%20League%20Cadet%20Corps%20%28Canada%29 | Navy League Cadet Corps (Canada) | The Navy League Cadet Corps (French: Corps de cadets de la Ligue navale) was created by the Navy League of Canada for boys in 1948, and the Navy League Wrennette Corps was formed for girls in 1950. The Wrennette program no longer exists, since the Navy League Cadet Corps are now open to boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 12.
The Navy League Cadet programme is separate from the Canadian Cadet Organizations. It is solely sponsored by the Navy League of Canada, and it is not supported by the Department of National Defence like the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets. The Navy League Cadet programme is led by civilian volunteers, who are Navy League Officers supervised by local branches of the Navy League of Canada.
The training programme of the Navy League Cadets introduces youth to the training available in the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets and is modified to serve the needs of the younger age group.
Uniform
The uniform worn by Navy League cadets has elements of the uniform of the old Royal Canadian Navy. The uniform of the Navy League Cadets includes:
Seaman's cap ("white-top");
Cap ribbon ("tally"), indicating cadet corps name;
Medium-blue long-sleeve shirt (with insignia);
White lanyard;
White web belt;
Navy-blue trousers;
Black shoes or boots;
Winter coat (pattern varies from corps to corps).
A corps T-shirt and ball cap is often worn during such activities as sailing and sports.
Flag
This flag is used by Navy League Cadet Corps as a corps flag Jack flag. It replaced the flag of the Navy League of Canada for this purpose in 2000, which is used as a jack.
Ranks
The ranks of the Navy League Cadets are based on those of the Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Sea Cadets, although they do not match exactly. The Navy League Cadet ranks are:
*Not technically a rank.
The ranks of Navy League Cadet Officers are also similar to those of the Royal Canadian Navy. Embellished with a maple leaf they are not the same. It is also common practice for Navy League Cadet Officers to use NL with their rank title, in order to show that they represent the civilian Navy League, I.E. Lt(NL). The Navy League Cadet Officers ranks are:
Memorial
At the Royal Military College of Canada, outside Currie Hall, in the Currie Building in Kingston, Ontario, two stained glass windows relate to the history of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets, Navy League Cadets and Navy League Wrenettes.
Donated as a tribute to all national presidents of the Navy League of Canada for the proven love of country in promoting patriotism... seapower ... youth training, the window bestows 'Honour and Glory to patriotic citizens who have and will serve Canada.' The window features images of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets, Navy League Cadets and Navy League Wrenettes.
In memory of David H. Gibson, C.B.E., National President, Navy League of Canada, 1938-1952, a stained glass window features images of a young sailor and God behind the ships' wheel. The window is dedicated to Canadians who in defence of the country went down to the sea in ships. The window includes a poem by H.R. Gillarm: "Proudly in ships they sailed to sea. Ahead their goal, perhaps eternity. But with God as their pilot they had no fear facing all danger as their course was clear. Their cargo? The record of their life. Some good, some bad, some peace, some strife."
See also
International Sea Cadet Association
Navy League Wrennette Corps, the girls' organisation (1950–1997)
References
External links
The Navy League of Canada
International Sea Cadet Association
NL(225)E Drill Manual for Navy League Cadets and Officers
NL(226)E Dress Regulations for Navy League Cadets and Officers
More information
Youth organizations based in Canada |
13856819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhuizen | Bakhuizen | Bakhuizen (West Frisian: Bakhuzen) is a village in the Dutch province of Friesland. It is in the municipality De Fryske Marren, about 6 km east of the city of Stavoren.
Bakhuizen has about 1,075 inhabitants.
References
External links
De Fryske Marren
Populated places in Friesland |
40202487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akilu | Akilu | Akilu is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Akilu Aliyu (1918–1998), Nigerian poet, writer, scholar, and politician
Halilu Akilu (born 1947), retired Nigerian army officer
Yakubu Abubakar Akilu (born 1989), Nigerian footballer |
55115602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younes%20Hamami%20Lalehzar | Younes Hamami Lalehzar | Rabbi Younes Hamami Lalehzar (Persian: یونس حمامی لالهزار) is the current religious leader of Iranian Jews.
Earlier life
Younes Hamami was born in 1965 in Yazd, Iran in a religious Jewish family. His father, Musa Hamami was one of the prominent merchants of Yazd. He studied at Alliance Israelite Universelle school in Yazd and Tehran. In 1986 he entered Shahid Beheshti University to study Medicine and he finished his medical degree in 1993. In 2001 he obtained his internal medicine board from the same school.
He has been working as an internal physician in Tehran's Dr. Sapir Hospital and Charity Center since 2001.
During the same time, he studied Jewish religious law under the supervision of famous Iranian Rabbis such as Musa Rabbani, Zion Hakakian, Musa Tajian, and Levi Hayyim. He further studied Torah and Talmud under chief Rabbi Uriel Davidi and Rabbi Baal Nes in Shiraz.
He has been the spokesperson for the Beth din of Tehran Jewish Committee. He further helped create official religious books for Jewish students in high school. He has been teaching in Yeshiva of Abrishami Synagogue since 1996.
Personal life
Younes Hamami is married to Helen Moghaddam, they have two daughters and a son.
See also
Tehran Jewish Committee
Abrishami Synagogue
References
Iranian Jews
Mizrahi Jews
Iranian religious leaders |
4116686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20Wars%20Epic%20Duels | Star Wars Epic Duels | The Star Wars Epic Duels board game was released by Hasbro in 2002. It was designed for ages 8 and up, and for 2-6 players. The main designer of the game was Craig Van Ness, with assistance from Rob Daviau. It is out of print.
Characters
There are 12 major characters in the game, and each major character is accompanied by one or two minor characters. The character combinations are: Anakin Skywalker with Padmé Amidala, Darth Maul with two Battle Droids, Obi-Wan Kenobi with two clone troopers, Yoda with two clone troopers, Luke Skywalker with Princess Leia, Mace Windu with two clone troopers, Darth Vader with two Stormtroopers, Count Dooku with two Super Battle Droids, Boba Fett with Greedo, Emperor Palpatine with two Royal Guards, Jango Fett with Zam Wesell, and Han Solo with Chewbacca.
Game play
Game play is based on a card-centered combat system. Each set of characters has its own deck of 31 cards. There are three types of cards in the deck, Basic Combat Cards, Power Combat Cards and Special cards. Basic Combat cards have two values, one for attacking and one for defending. Power Combat cards have combat values and additional effects that give the characters special abilities. There are also "Special" cards that allow the characters to do unique things such as extra movement, drawing/discarding cards, and additional damage. Each player maintains a hand of cards from their respective decks that are used during the game.
Each character card displays how much damage the major and minor characters can take before they are destroyed. Each character uses a wound marker to track the damage on their character card. The object of the game is to destroy all of your opponent's major characters.
During gameplay players alternate turns rolling the die, moving their characters, and then performing 2 "actions". An action is defined in the rulebook as "Drawing a Card, Playing a Card, and Healing a Character." A character is healed by discarding a card of a destroyed major or minor character. There are several different ways to play the game from 1 vs 1, 2 vs 2, 3 vs 3, 3-6 player free-for-all, and even a special "masterplay" variant. Gameplay with 6-12 players is possible, however, it is more easily accomplished if two boards are used adjacent to each other.
Epic Duels Community
Despite the fact that the game was out of print by 2004, there is large internet following for the short-lived game. There are numerous fan-sites ("epic_duels_online_league"), forums and groups that still continue to discuss and analyze it. As Hasbro has not announced plans for an expansion to the game, many fans took it upon themselves to create custom decks to be used with the game. A similar Star Wars board game released by Wizards of the Coast called Star Wars Miniatures, has provided many fans with figurines of similar scale to use with the hundreds of custom decks that can be found on the internet. Several Facebook fan groups exist as well. There is also a devoted Yahoo! group to playing Epic Duels online through the VASSAL Engine.
Reviews
Pyramid
References
External links
Main Epic Duels Forum
Epic Battles Series
Epic Duels Online Club
Epic Duels Online League discussion group
Old Yahoo discussion group
Epic Duels Wiki Page
Hasbro Rulebook
Board games introduced in 2002
Licensed board games
Milton Bradley Company games
Miniature wargames
Epic Duels |
4328223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe%20Men | Safe Men | Safe Men is a 1998 American criminal comedy film written and directed by John Hamburg (in his directorial debut), and stars Sam Rockwell and Steve Zahn as a pair of aspiring lounge singers who are mistaken for ace safe crackers, and get mixed up with a Jewish mobster, Big Fat Bernie Gayle (Michael Lerner) and Big Fat's intern, Veal Chop (Paul Giamatti).
Reception
In August 1998, The New York Times called it a "low-energy comedy with sufficient signs of willingness to stray off the beaten track to indicate that somewhere down the line its writer and director, John Hamburg, will create something far better." Roger Ebert gave the film one star out of four, saying it "whirls wildly from one bright idea to the next, trying to find a combo that will hold the movie together. No luck." Mick LaSalle gave it "There's no dramatic urgency, no distinct point of view, no question of plot to keep an audience interested. All Safe Men has is the charm of the actors and the occasional friskiness of the writing. That's almost enough to keep the picture alive, minute by minute. Alive is not the same as thriving, but it's better than dead.
In March 2002, The A.V. Club began its review with:
The vast majority of direct-to-video films are not very good, lacking not only star power and budget, but ideas and imagination. Every once in a while, though, a movie is denied a proper theatrical release not because it's bad, but because it just isn't the sort of film for which a studio is willing to risk a multimillion-dollar advertising budget. Safe Men is one of these movies, a modest but engaging crime comedy.
A.V. Club also called the film a "sort of Bottle Rocket Lite, sharing a deadpan, consistently sustained comic tone, as well as a palpable affection for its characters. Almost everyone in Safe Men is pathetic on some level, but first-time writer-director John Hamburg grants even his least significant characters a humanity that gives the film a sort of warm, fuzzy glow.
Songs from the film
DVD release
The movie was released on DVD on August 15, 2006 with new commentary features and Tick, a short film by John Hamburg about independently contracted bomb defusers starring Michael Showalter.
References
External links
Films directed by John Hamburg
American buddy films
1990s English-language films
American crime comedy films
American films
1990s crime comedy films
1998 films
Films set in Rhode Island
Films with screenplays by John Hamburg
Films scored by Theodore Shapiro
1998 directorial debut films
1998 comedy films |
54460865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20Bookwalter%20Drury | Horace Bookwalter Drury | Horace Bookwalter Drury (August 21, 1888 - 1968) was an American economist, lecturer at Ohio State University, and management author, particularly known for his early work on scientific management.
Biography
Drury was born in Dayton, Ohio in 1888 as son of Augustus Waldo Drury (1851-1935), a notable theologian and professor, and Sophia (Bookwalter) Drury. He obtained is AB in economics at Otterbein College, and his PhD from Columbia University in 1915 under Henry Rogers Seager.
After his graduation Drury became instructor of economics and sociology at Ohio State University. He came into prominence in the late 1910s after the publication of his PhD thesis Scientific management; A History and Criticism in 1915, translated into German as Wissenschaftliche Betriebsführung : Eine geschichtliche und kritische Würdigung des Taylor-Systems. In 1918 he was lecturer in Industrial Organization at the University of California,
Since 1920 Drury was employed at the Division of Industrial Relations of the United States Shipping Board in Washington DC. After the US Shipping Board was abolished in 1934, Drury joined the Brookings Institution, where he was on the staff of the Research and Planning division. In 1934 to 1935 Drury was on the staff of the Division of Review of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) under Leon C. Marshall.
Work
Scientific management; A History and Criticism
The 1915 book The history of management thought was written as PhD thesis under supervision of Henry Rogers Seager, and guided by Robert Thurston Kent, by then editor of Industrial Engineering journal. The work offered a study of scientific management from a historical and economical point of view.
When Drury published his PhD thesis in 1915 the term "scientific management" had just come into being a few years earlier. The term didn't originate from Frederick Winslow Taylor or one of his associates. In 1911 Taylor had presented his work, system and associated to the general public in a series of four article in The American Magazine, under the title "The Gospel of Efficiency." Drury (1915) explained:
And furthermore:
The series of Interstate Commerce Commission hearings mentioned attracted national and international press, and with in between 1910 and 1915 the term "scientific management" had come into prominence in the United States. Drury (1915) confirms:
October 1910 meeting to determine the name
In these 1910 hearings for the Interstate Commerce Commission the foreman of the attorneys of the railroads, Louis D. Brandeis, planned to explain the new management system of Frederick Winslow Taylor and associates to the commission and the general public. Taylor and associated would act as witnesses, and Brandeis wanted to get there story straight. Drury (1915) explained:
"As a preliminary step along this line, Mr. Brandeis called together several of his prospective witnesses for the purpose of working out a plan of presentation. He desired that they should reach an agreement whereby the same things should always be called by the same names, and that — most important of all — a single term might be found which would apply to the system as a whole. This word or phrase should properly describe the system, and at the same time appeal to the imagination..."
About that meeting:
"This meeting... was attended by Louis D. Brandeis, Henry L. Gantt, Frank B. Gilbreth, Henry V. Sheel, and Robert T. Kent. We are told by Mr. Brandeis that among the names suggested were Taylor System, Functional Management, Shop Management, and Efficiency.... After those present had considered the merits of about half a dozen different phrases, all agreed that, for the purpose of the hearings, the term scientific management should officially designate the system."
the United States might save $1,000,000 a day
The testimonies at the 1910 hearings for the Interstate Commerce Commission had some amazing results. As Drury (1915) explained:
"The witnesses were introduced on the afternoon of November 21, and the hearing of their testimony, together with cross-examination, took up almost all of two days and a half. The witnesses testified that in their experience the application of scientific management — whether to the handling of pig iron, the shoveling of coal, bricklaying, or machinery manufacture — had increased the output per workman to at least two or three times its former volume."
And furthermore:
Especially startling was the statement of Harrington Emerson that the railroads of the United States might save $1,000,000 a day by paying greater attention to efficiency of operation. Early in January following Mr. Brandeis submitted a long brief, about half of which was devoted to the subject of scientific management. A few days later his final oral argument on this topic was delivered before the Commission."
This argument about the power of scientific management argument was "felt almost instantaneously by the whole country."
Study of industrial prices
In the 1930s Drury conducted economic research with Edwin Griswold Nourse of the Institute of Economics and others. This resulted in the publication of two books America's capacity to produce in 1934, and Industrial price policies and economic progress in 1938.
Vernon Arthur Mund (1960) mentioned about this work, that:
... in a study of industrial prices, Dr. Edwin G. Nourse and H. B. Drury conclude that in important areas the pricing of our industrial products is no longer accomplished in the process of sale by "the unseen hand." No longer is it true that "the market is the birthplace of prices." Instead, "the office of the industrial executive has now become the center of significant action." Today, an executive "sets a price objective and directs a controlled productive mechanism toward attainment of that price level."...
Drury and Nourse (1938) had explained, that:
"... If goods do not sell at this price, two courses are open. One is to intensify promotional effort. This in essence means stimulating demand, a procedure which itself adds further to costs and works only within the limits set by consumers' purchasing power. The other is to curtail supply. Since labor and raw material account for most of the cost in the majority of finished products, a large part of the expense incurred in carrying on the given industry can be avoided through the power to restrict volume which lies in the hands of the typical modern corporate producer. By holding his frontier of operations back to the point at which unit profits can be assured because no business is accepted which will not pay its own way, corporate management has a considerable power to protect itself."
Reception
A 1924 article in The Personnel Journal. acknowledge the early accomplishments of Drury's The history of management thought. The article explained:
"Horace B. Drury's book when it appeared first, in 1915, was an unique document. Up to that time most of the published comment on the Taylor System and its derivatives had been uncritical and deeply partisan. Advocacy of the system was in the hands chiefly of those in position to profit from it, — the management engineers themselves, or industrial leaders such as Henry R. Towne, James M. Dodge, and Brig. Gen. Crozier of the Ordinance Department. Nearly everything written from their angle was oversanguine of the benefits of the movements, — how much so, it is amusing now to recall. Their zeal was appropriate, one must admit, when one considers the attacks they had to meet and the fact that enthusiasm is a virtue in pioneers..."
In his The history of management thought. Claude S. George (1972) gave a critical review of Drury's Scientific management; A History and Criticism, and compared this work with Robert F. Hoxie's Scientific management and labor, also published in 1915. George explained:
"Drury was an instructor of economics and sociology at Ohio State University... [when] he wrote a History and Criticism of Scientific Management.
"The first part of his book dealt with the evolution and history of scientific management, while the second half, like Hoxie's, was a critical review of it. He approached his subject in the same manner as Hoxie, criticizing scientific management and its harmful effects on labor. On the whole, however, and in contrast to Hoxie, his criticism was favorable toward scientific management. He believed that there was a large amount of good in the system and that it was still in its formative period. Disagreeing with Hoxie on one major point, Drury though that scientific management represented a shift of managerial thought from machines to men. He saw scientific management as a study of man, of his nature, and of his ideals. He felt that scientific management was based upon the principle that cheerful workmen were more profitable than sullen ones and that the individual was a more satisfactory unity of study and administration than groups. Drury, along with Hoxie, was one of the first to publish criticism of a system that was hailed by many to be of prime value to society. And, interesting to note, both of these criticism came from men in the academic rather than in the business sector."
Recently, in 2016, Morgen Witzel also acknowledged, that Horace B. Drury thesis is among the seminal works on scientific management. He stated:
"There is a considerable literature on the scientific management movement, beginning with contemporary works such as C. Bertrand Thompson, Scientific Management, 1914, Horace B. Drury, Scientific Management, 1915, and Hoxie, Scientific Management and Labor, 1915. H.G.T. Cannons, Bibliography of Industrial Efficiency and Factory Management, 1920, lists a large number of related publications. Among later works, Urwick and Brech's three-volume work The Making of Scientific Management , 1947, is a detailed account of the multinational development of scientific management."
Selected publications
Horace Drury, Scientific management; A History and Criticism, PhD diss., Columbia University, 1915; Second enlarged edition, 1918.
Nourse, E. G., Tryon, F. G., Drury, H. B., Leven, M., Moulton, H. G., & Lewis, C. America's capacity to produce. 1934.
Nourse, Edwin Griswold, and Horace Bookwalter Drury. Industrial price policies and economic progress. 1938.
Articles, a selection
Drury, Horace B. "Democracy as a factor in industrial efficiency." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 65.1 (1916): 15-27.
Drury, H. B. "Scientific management and progress." BTS (1916): 1-10.
Drury, Horace B. "Wages in the Coal Industry as Compared with Wages in Other Industries with Special Reference to the Anthracite Situation." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 111.1 (1924): 314-343.
Drury, Horace B. "World Peace and the Rivalry of Merchant Marines." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 150.1 (1930): 33-39.
Drury, H.B., "Production and Capacity Control in the Ice Industry," NRA Division of Review Work Materials No. 64, pp. 5, 36, 41, 43.
Drury, H.B., "Administration and Effects of Production and Capacity Control Provisions of NRA Codes," NRA Division of Research and Planning, May 1, 1935, pp. 118, 120-122
References
1899 births
1968 deaths
Engineers from Ohio
Otterbein University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Ohio State University faculty
University of California faculty
People from Dayton, Ohio
20th-century American engineers |
2911099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict%20to%20Repel%20Foreign%20Vessels | Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels | The was a law promulgated by the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1825 to the effect that all foreign vessels should be driven away from Japanese waters.
An example of the law being put into practice was the Morrison Incident of 1837, in which a merchant ship bearing Japanese citizens was fired upon.
The law was repealed in 1842.
See also
Sakoku
References
Foreign relations of the Tokugawa shogunate
1825 in Japan
Repel Foreign Vessels |
44232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej%20%C5%BBu%C5%82awski | Andrzej Żuławski | Andrzej Żuławski (; 22 November 1940 – 17 February 2016) was a Polish film director and writer. Żuławski often went against mainstream commercialism in his films, and enjoyed success mostly with European art-house audiences.
In the late 1950s, he studied cinema in France. His second feature, The Devil (1972), was banned in communist Poland, and Żuławski went to France. After the success of That Most Important Thing: Love in 1975, he returned to Poland where he spent two years making On the Silver Globe (not released until 1988). The work on this film was interrupted and destroyed by the authorities. After that, Żuławski moved to France where he became known for controversial and violent art-house films such as Possession (1981). Żuławski is also known for his work with actresses including Romy Schneider, Isabelle Adjani and Sophie Marceau.
His films have received awards at various international film festivals. Żuławski had also written several novels, for example: Il était Un Verger, Lity Bór (a.k.a. La Forêt Forteresse), W Oczach Tygrysa, and Ogród Miłości.
Biography
Andrzej Żuławski was born in Lviv, Ukrainian SSR (formerly known as Lwów). He was an assistant of the filmmaker Andrzej Wajda.
When his second film The Devil was banned in Poland, he decided to move to France, where he made That Most Important Thing: Love (1975) with Romy Schneider.
After returning to Poland he worked for two years on a film which the authorities did not allow him to finish (On the Silver Globe), based on a book by his great-uncle Jerzy Żuławski. Since then he lived and worked mostly in France, making art films.
Being a maverick who always defied mainstream commercialism, Żuławski enjoyed success mostly with the European art-house audiences. His wild, imaginative, and controversial pictures have received awards at various international film festivals. He also wrote the novels Il était Un Verger, Lity Bór (a.k.a. La Forêt Forteresse), W Oczach Tygrysa, and Ogród Miłości.
In 2006 he was the Head of the Jury at the 28th Moscow International Film Festival.
Żuławski worked many times with composer Andrzej Korzyński, beginning in The Third Part of the Night (1971). Their last collaboration was for Cosmos (2015), which was also Żuławski's last film.
On 17 February 2016, Żuławski died at a hospital in Warsaw from cancer.
Personal life
He had three sons from different relationships. Żuławski's ex-wife was Małgorzata Braunek, who was a Polish film and stage actress. Their son, Xawery, is also a film director.
He was in a relationship with the French actress Sophie Marceau for sixteen years, with whom he made four films over a 15-year period (L'Amour braque, My Nights Are More Beautiful Than Your Days, La Note bleue, Fidelity). They had a son Vincent together. They broke up in 2001.
Selected filmography
Family tree
References
External links
Andrzej Żuławski at Culture.pl
Andrzej Żuławski, 1940–2016 at Sight & Sound
Jérôme d'Estais, Possession, Tentatives d'exorcisme, Editions Rouge profond, 2019 ()
Jérome d'Estais, Andrzej Zulawski, sur le fil, LettMotif [archive], 2015 ( and )
1940 births
2016 deaths
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Deaths from cancer in Poland
Film people from Lviv
Polish expatriates in Russia
Polish expatriates in France
Polish film directors
French film directors
Polish people of Ukrainian descent
Polish screenwriters
Polish anti-communists |
49378580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vindeby%20Offshore%20Wind%20Farm | Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm | Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm was the first offshore wind farm in the world, erected in 1991 off the coast of the town of Vindeby on the Danish island of Lolland. It was decommissioned for cost reasons in 2017 after 25 years of useful life.
History
Elkraft, one of the predecessors of DONG Energy (now Ørsted), began considering offshore turbines in 1987, and surveyed the waters around Lolland in 1989.
The wind farm started operation in 1991 and cost an estimated €10 million, built by SEAS and Elkraft. The 11 turbines were erected in 11 days. The electricity industry at the time generally considered offshore turbines to be ludicrous, as they must operate in salty conditions and have much smaller output than central power plants. The skeptical attitude had changed 6 years later, as offshore winds drove more energy production than those on land.
A single wind turbine had been erected in Swedish waters earlier, but Vindeby was the first collection of turbines, making it the first offshore wind farm. Four years later, the similar sized Tunø Knob wind farm was made. Tests were done to learn what to do and what not to do. Experience from Vindeby contributed to the development of cheaper ways to extract power from offshore winds.
The original government concession was for 25 years, from 1991 to 2016. In 2016, DONG Energy first considered shutting down the wind farm, as it was well past its design life and had become uneconomical. Vindeby was the first in a long line of successful wind farms which led a downwards cost trend. Vindeby was the first wind farm to be decommissioned by Dong Energy, which was completed in September 2017. In 25 years, Vindeby had produced a total of 243 GWh. The blades were recycled into noise barriers.
Technology
The developers contracted Bonus Energy to supply 11 wind turbines (450 kW each) for the project, placed in shallow waters. The annual power is equivalent to 2-3,000 Danish households. The turbines were modified for offshore use by sealing the towers and controlling the humidity inside with air conditioning, extending the life of the machinery.
The area was also used for a wave plant in 2010.
See also
Wind power in Denmark
List of offshore wind farms in Denmark
List of offshore wind farms
References
External links
Comparison sketch" Berlingske, 8 February 2016
Offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea
Wind farms in Denmark
Buildings and structures in the Central Denmark Region
Ørsted (company) wind farms
Energy infrastructure completed in 1991
1991 establishments in Denmark
2017 disestablishments in Denmark |
33565350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%2C%20Lost | Republic, Lost | Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It is the sixth book by Harvard law professor and free culture activist Lawrence Lessig. In a departure from the topics of his previous books, Republic, Lost outlines what Lessig considers to be the systemic corrupting influence of special-interest money on American politics, and only mentions copyright and other free culture topics briefly, as examples. He argued that the Congress in 2011 spent the first quarter debating debit-card fees while ignoring what he sees as more pressing issues, including health care reform or global warming or the deficit. Lessig has been described in The New York Times as an "original and dynamic legal scholar."
In October, 2015 a second edition of the book was published.
Overview
The central argument of Republic, Lost is that members of the US Congress are dependent upon funding from large donors. Lessig sees the system as "legal but corrupt", and that the pivotal point of the corruption is campaign finance. In Lessig's view, it is a systemic problem. He noted that congresspersons spend three of every five weekdays raising money for reelection. It leads to inertia: left-leaning Occupy Wall Street activists see little progress on legislation dealing with global warming, while right-leaning Tea Party activists see little progress on simplifying the tax code. According to Lessig, congresspersons being dependent on large donors affects the ability of Congress to govern, whether or not donations actually change the way members of Congress vote on measures. A poll conducted for the book showed that the American public is cynical about American politics: that 71% of Republicans and 81% of Democrats believed that "money buys results in Congress". Lessig also points out Congress's low approval rating—11% as of the writing of the book (9% as of October 2011). He suggested that the system encouraged congresspersons to take up less-than-important issues for the purpose of intimidating corporations to encourage them to become campaign contributors:
This is summarized in the accompanying diagram: To obtain the money needed to get elected, incumbent politicians spend between 30 and 70 percent of their time soliciting money from big businesses, who pay because they get between $6 and $220 (according to different studies) for each $1 "invested" in lobbying and political campaigns.
Illogical decision-making
Lessig illustrates his principle by discussing four situations, which he calls "The Tells": the complex system of subsidies and tariffs that have led to the rise of corn-fed beef and high fructose corn syrup in the American diet, the regulations governing pollution and copyright infringement, the existence of tenure for public school teachers, and the lack of regulation in the derivatives market. For each of the Tells, Lessig identifies what could be an illogical choice made over years of Congressional decision-making, and ends with a statement similar to the following:
[Ask] yourself one question only:
Not: Did the contributions and lobbying buy this apparently inconsistent result?
Instead: Do the contributions and lobbying make it harder to believe that this is a principled or consistent or sensible result?
Lobbying
The middle chapters of the book describe in detail the system of lobbying in the United States, along with possible explanations of the effects of special interest money on legislation, borrowing from Clawson et al. the idea that lobbying creates a gift economy that changes the way laws are made, and affects what laws are passed.
Lessig refers repeatedly to Robert Kaiser's book So Damn Much Money, which also discusses lobbying in Congress. Kaiser is a journalist for the Washington Post who did a series of articles on lobbyist Gerald Cassidy. Lessig quoted congressperson Jim Cooper who remarked that Congress had become a "Farm League for K Street" in the sense that congresspersons were focused on lucrative lobbying careers after Congress rather than on serving the public interest while serving.
One almost trivial example relates to tax simplification: A large group of companies and individuals make money from helping their clients negotiate the complexity of the US income tax system—and would lose money if it were simpler. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) gets most of the information needed to complete an income tax return for most citizens and could send taxpayers a draft return. Taxpayers could either accept the IRS bill as is, submit it with modifications (similar to how consumers challenge charges on a credit card they didn't make), or create a new one completely from scratch. Intuit, the developer of tax preparation software TurboTax, spent over $1.7 million to kill a program like this in California (ReadyReturn).
"Intuit has [also] lobbied hard to make sure taxpayers aren't allowed to e-file directly to the IRS," according to Martin Kaste reporting for NPR:
The IRS recommends that taxpayers file electronically — e-filing saves the government time and money, and is more accurate than IRS employees who type in the data from paper returns. But the IRS refuses to set up its own Web portal to receive the filings. Instead, most Americans have no choice but to e-file through private companies like Intuit (Turbo Tax) and HR Block (Tax Cut). In most cases, the companies charge an extra fee for e-filing. In other countries, free and direct electronic filing is a given. ... Steve Ryan, a lawyer for the tax-preparation industry who negotiated a deal that has the IRS promising not to set up its own Web portal for e-filing, says his argument was simple. "When the government becomes my competitor," Ryan says, "then I have every right to run an ad that says 'Big Brother is watching your keystrokes.'" and actually reduces the cost to the government of processing the tax returns.
The direct cost of preparing and filing all business and personal tax returns is estimated to be $100 to $150 billion each year. The U.S. Government Accountability Office estimated in 2005 that the efficiency cost of the tax system—the output that is lost over and above the tax itself—is between $240 billion and $600 billion per year—between 1 and 5 percent of Gross domestic product (GDP) while federal taxes represented 16.8 percent of GDP. Thus, for every dollar collected in federal taxes, Americans spend between 6 and 30 cents additional for tax preparation and doing things that are otherwise contrary to their own and society's interests to reduce their tax burden.
The return on investment in lobbying and political campaigns has been estimated at between $6 and $220 (22,000 percent) in different studies cited by Lessig. The returns to legitimate business opportunities are much smaller, which is why the money flowing into lobbying and political campaigns continues to increase.
For all the reasons cited above (and many more described in the book), Lessig concludes that, "corruption is the gateway problem: until we solve it, we won't solve any number of other critical problems facing this nation.
Democracy vouchers
Lessig supports "Democracy Vouchers", which would return to each citizen the first $50 in taxes each pays a Democracy Voucher worth $50 that could only be contributed to candidate(s) or issue campaign(s). The $50 would be chosen to exceed the sum of all money spent in the previous 2- or 4-year election cycle. Candidates and issue campaigns could get this money only if they agreed to accept only Democracy Vouchers and contributions capped at double this amount per individual or group contributor. The current population of the United States is over 300 million. If half of those participated in this system, that's $7.5 billion. "In 2010 the total amount raised and spent in all congressional elections was $1.8 billion. The total amount contributed to the two major political parties was $2.8 billion." To put this in perspective, Lessig notes that "In 2009, the Cato Institute estimated that the U.S. Congress spent $90 billion on 'corporate welfare.'" If this system reduced corporate welfare by only 10 percent, it would more than cover the cost.
Lessig called this Democracy Voucher plan , because Grant is on a $50 bill, and Franklin is on a $100 bill. This plan is similar to one proposed by Bruce Ackerman in 2003 called Patriot Dollars or voting with dollars.
Strategies for improvement
Lessig proposed four different approaches to getting real reform implemented:
Congress could pass a law reforming campaign funding;
A popular, non-politician "supercandidate" could run for the House of Representatives in multiple jurisdictions in the same state, promising to stay in the race until other candidates promise to reform their campaign funding procedures;
An elected president could prevent the government from functioning until Congress enacts campaign finance reform;
A Constitutional Convention could propose a Constitutional Amendment requiring campaign finance reform.
Of the approaches, Lessig suggested that the fourth strategy was the most probable to succeed. Lessig argued that a constitutional convention would get around debilitating Supreme Court decisions which allow virtually unrestricted campaign contributions under the banner of free speech.
A second Constitutional Convention
In that vein, along with Tea Party leader Mark Meckler, Lessig held the Conference on the Constitutional Convention at Harvard University on 24 September 2011. His keynote address was an abbreviated version of the content in Republic, Lost, and he reiterated his support for a new Constitutional Convention to propose amendments which would reduce the influence of lobbyists.
Related work
Media scholar Robert W. McChesney's work emphasizes the role of the media in enabling the corruption described in Republic, Lost. McChesney's Problem of the Media discusses the narrowing of the range of acceptable political discourse the flowed from increased concentration of ownership of the media (growth of the major media conglomerates), asserting "that investigative journalism has all but disappeared from the nation's commercial airwaves." Nichols and McChesney criticize sharply the US media for complicity in warmongering in
Tragedy and Farce: How the American Media Sell Wars, Spin Elections, and Destroy Democracy. They claim that substantive reform is needed in the structure of the media industry.
A study of 14 congressional hearings reported that 1,014 witnesses argued in favor of programs, while only 7 argued against. These observations suggest a solution approach complementary to Lessig's "Grant and Franklin Project", mentioned above: Increasing independent funding for investigative journalism and political action to get more experts to oppose crony capitalist legislation / corporate welfare. Suggestions of this nature were made by McChesney and Nichols in The Death and Life of American Journalism. They cite studies suggesting that the public in other countries tend to be better informed and better engaged politically than in the US as a result of public funding of investigative journalism analogous to what Generals Eisenhower and MacArthur imposed upon Germany and Japan after World War II.
Related issues
In conjunction with other efforts, Lessig has started an activist group called . Lessig made comments at Zuccotti Park in solidarity with Occupy Wall Street protesters, reiterating many of the points from Republic, Lost, and exhorted the Occupy movement to ally with the Tea Party movement to fight government corruption.
See also
Campaign finance reform
Free culture
Earmarks
Lobbying in the United States
Lobbyist
Buddy Roemer
References
Notes
Further reading
So Damn Much Money: The Triumph of Lobbying and the Corrosion of American Government (2009) by Robert G. Kaiser
External links
Republic, Lost (full text)
Republic, Lost on Lawrence Lessig's site, with links to sources used in the book
Republic, Lost (my favorite version) on Lessig's YouTube channel (48:12)
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Lessig on Republic, Lost, November 20, 2011
Rootstrikers
ConConCon, Conference on the Constitutional Convention official site
2011 non-fiction books
Books by Lawrence Lessig
Campaign finance reform in the United States
American non-fiction books
2010s in the United States
Books about politics of the United States |
40530700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20FIBA%20Europe%20Under-18%20Championship | 2009 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship | The 2009 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship was the 26th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship. The competition was held in Metz and nearby Hagondange, France, from July 23 to August 2 and featured 16 teams. Serbia won the title after beating France in the final.
Participating teams
Venues
Metz Les Arènes (cap. : 4500)
Metz Palais des sports Saint Symphorien (cap. : 1800)
Hagondange Salle Paul Lamm (cap. :1500)
Preliminary round
In this round, the sixteen teams were allocated in four groups of four teams each. The top three qualified for the Qualifying Round. The last team of each group played for the 13th–16th place in the classification games.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Qualifying round
The twelve teams remaining were allocated in two groups of six teams each. The four top teams advanced to the quarterfinals. The last two teams of each group played for the 9th–12th place.
Group E
Group F
Championship
Final standings
All Tournament Team
External links
FIBA U18 European Championship
2009–10 in European basketball
2009–10 in French basketball
International youth basketball competitions hosted by France |
61816396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Corwin | Betty Corwin | Betty L. Corwin (November 19, 1920 – September 10, 2019) was an American theater archivist, known for her creation in 1970 of what would become the Theater on Film and Tape Archive of the New York Library for the Performing Arts. Corwin proposed the idea of the archive to the library, volunteering her services for the first four years. She would go on to direct the archive for 31 years, retiring from the position in 2000.
Life and career
Corwin was born as Betty Linkoff in New York City to James Linkoff, a bookmaker, and Mae (née Rosenberg) Linkoff, a homemaker, but grew up in Manhattan. While working as a script reader in a theatrical office, she met Henry Corwin, a dermatologist. She married him in 1943 and then moved with him first to Westport and then finally settling in Weston, Connecticut. While living in Weston, she established and managed a bookstore in Westport while volunteering at the psychiatric emergency department of Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx, New York.
She died September 10, 2019 in Weston, Connecticut.
Awards
She received a special Tony Award in 2001 for her efforts to archive theater performances. In 2017 she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the League of Professional Theater Women.
References
1920 births
2019 deaths
American archivists
Female archivists
People from New York City
Tony Award winners |
15660659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886%20Kansas%20City%20Cowboys%20season | 1886 Kansas City Cowboys season | The 1886 Kansas City Cowboys was a season in American baseball. The team had a 30–91 record in the National League, finishing in seventh place. This was the only season this version of the team existed, as the team went bankrupt before the 1887 season.
Regular season
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
References
1886 Kansas City Cowboys team page at Baseball Reference
Kansas City Cowboys season
Kansas City Cowboys
Kansas City Cowboys |
11105407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fit%20as%20a%20Fiddle%20%28album%29 | Fit as a Fiddle (album) | Fit as a Fiddle is an album by Natalie MacMaster. It was reissued by Rounder Records in 1997.
Production
The album was produced at CBC's Studio H.
Critical reception
The Washington Post called the album "a straightforward collection of traditional Celtic fiddle tunes performed with undeniable flair and simple accompaniment."
Track listing
"Strathspeys & Reels" – 4:20
"John Campbell's" (strathspey)
"Miss Ann Moir's Birthday" (strathspey)
"Lady Georgina Campbell" (reel)
"Angus on the Turnpike" (reel)
"Sheehan’s Reel" (reel)
"Jigs" – 3:07
"My Dungannon Sweetheart" (jig)
"Scaffies Cairet" (jig)
"Juniper Jig" (jig)
"March, Strathspeys & Reels" – 6:48
"Carnival March" (march)
"Miller of Drone" (strathspey)
"MacKinnon's Brook" (strathspey)
"Lucy Campbell" (strathspey)
"Annie is My Darling" (reel)
"Gordon Cote" (reel)
"Bird's Nest" (reel)
"Maid Behind the Bar" (reel)
"Waltz" – 2:25
"Nancy's Waltz" (waltz)
"Hornpipe & Reels" – 3:45
"Compliments to Sean Maguire" (hornpipe)
"President Garfield" (reel)
"Miss Watt" (reel)
"Casa Loma Castle" (reel)
"Air, Strathspeys & Reels" – 7:14
"O'r the Moor Among the Heather" (air)
Traditional (strathspey)
"Lady Mary Ramsay" (strathspey)
"Jenny Dang the Weaver" (reel)
"The Lassies of Stewarton" (reel)
"Garfield Vale" (reel)
"Reel" – 3:07
"Jean's Reel" (reel)
"Air" – 4:20
"I'll Always Remember You" (air)
"Reels" – 4:04
"The Girls at Martinfield" (reel)
"Bennett's Favorite" (reel)
"The Green Fields of Glentown" (reel)
"Jigs" – 3:06
"Counselor's" (jig)
"The Rakes of Kildare" (jig)
"The Lark in the Morning" (jig)
"Strathspeys & Reels" – 4:18
"The Lass of Carrie Mills" (strathspey)
"Lennox's Love to Blantyre" (strathspey)
"Archie Menzies" (reel)
"Reichwall Forest" (reel)
"Air" – 3:55
"If Ever You Were Mine" (air)
"Jig & Reels" – 3:13
"The MacNeils of Ugdale" (jig)
"MacLaine of Loch Buie" (reel)
"Colville's Rant" (reel)
"Pibroch O'Donal Dhu" (reel)
Personnel
Natalie MacMaster – fiddle, piano (track 10), step dancing (track 7)
David MacIsaac – acoustic and electric guitar, bass
Howie MacDonald – piano (tracks 1, 2, 3 and 11)
Tracey Dares – piano and synth (tracks 4, 6, 7, 9, 12 and 13)
Tom Roach – drums and percussion
Jamie MacInnis – highland pipes
Sandy Moore – Celtic harp
References
Natalie MacMaster albums
1993 albums |
13644739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumer%C3%A9 | Cumeré | Cumeré is a town in the Oio Region of Guinea-Bissau.
References
Populated places in Guinea-Bissau |
24329137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemente%20Fern%C3%A1ndez | Clemente Fernández | Clemente Fernández López (23 November 1919 – 17 July 1996), known simply as Clemente, was a Spanish professional footballer who played as a right back.
Club career
Having begun his career as a midfielder, Clemente joined hometown club Real Madrid in 1942 from local amateurs CD Deportivo Castilla, playing in only four La Liga games in his first season. After one year on loan at Hércules CF he returned to the Merengues, but appeared in just seven league matches during the campaign.
Of the following seven seasons, Clemente managed to be regularly played in four of them, winning three major titles including two Copa del Rey trophies. In 1952, after 144 official games with Real Madrid, he signed for fellow league side Deportivo de La Coruña, retiring at the end of the campaign at the age of 33.
International career
Clemente earned three caps for Spain, in slightly less than one year. His debut came on 21 March 1948 in a 2–0 friendly win with Portugal, in Madrid.
Honours
Copa del Rey: 1946, 1947
Copa Eva Duarte: 1946
External links
Spain stats at Eu-Football
1919 births
1996 deaths
Footballers from Madrid
Spanish footballers
Association football defenders
La Liga players
Real Madrid CF players
Hércules CF players
Deportivo de La Coruña players
Spain international footballers |
68698578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ability | Ability | Abilities are powers an agent has to perform various actions. They include common abilities, like walking, and rare abilities, like performing a double backflip. Abilities are intelligent powers: they are guided by the person's intention and executing them successfully results in an action, which is not true for all types of powers. They are closely related to but not identical with various other concepts, such as disposition, know-how, aptitude, talent, potential, and skill.
Theories of ability aim to articulate the nature of abilities. Traditionally, the conditional analysis has been the most popular approach. According to it, having an ability means one would perform the action in question if one tried to do so. On this view, Michael Phelps has the ability to swim 200 meters in under 2 minutes because he would do so if he tried to. This approach has been criticized in various ways. Some counterexamples involve cases in which the agent is physically able to do something but unable to try, due to a strong aversion. In order to avoid these and other counterexamples, various alternative approaches have been suggested. Modal theories of ability, for example, focus on what is possible for the agent to do. Other suggestions include defining abilities in terms of dispositions and potentials.
An important distinction among abilities is between general abilities and specific abilities. General abilities are abilities possessed by an agent independent of their situation while specific abilities concern what an agent can do in a specific situation. So while an expert piano player always has the general ability to play various piano pieces, they lack the corresponding specific ability in a situation where no piano is present. Another distinction concerns the question of whether successfully performing an action by accident counts as having the corresponding ability. In this sense, an amateur hacker may have the effective ability to hack his boss's email account, because they may be lucky and guess the password correctly, but not the corresponding transparent ability, since they are unable to reliably do so.
The concept of abilities and how they are to be understood is relevant for various related fields. Free will, for example, is often understood as the ability to do otherwise. The debate between compatibilism and incompatibilism concerns the question whether this ability can exist in a world governed by deterministic laws of nature. Autonomy is a closely related concept, which can be defined as the ability of individual or collective agents to govern themselves. Whether an agent has the ability to perform a certain action is important for whether they have a moral obligation to perform this action. If they possess it, they may be morally responsible for performing it or for failing to do so. Like in the free will debate, it is also relevant whether they had the ability to do otherwise. A prominent theory of concepts and concept possession understands these terms in relation to abilities. According to it, it is required that the agent possess both the ability to discriminate between positive and negative cases and the ability to draw inferences to related concepts.
Definition and semantic field
Abilities are powers an agent has to perform various actions. Some abilities are very common among human agents, like the ability to walk or to speak. Other abilities are only possessed by a few, such as the ability to perform a double backflip or to prove Gödel's incompleteness theorem. While all abilities are powers, the converse is not true, i.e. there are some powers that are not abilities. This is the case, for example, for powers that are not possessed by agents, like the power of salt to dissolve in water. But some powers possessed by agents do not constitute abilities either. For example, the power to understand French is not an ability in this sense since it does not involve an action, in contrast to the ability to speak French. This distinction depends on the difference between actions and non-actions. Actions are usually defined as events that an agent performs for a purpose and that are guided by the person's intention, in contrast to mere behavior, like involuntary reflexes. In this sense, abilities can be seen as intelligent powers.
Various terms within the semantic field of the term "ability" are sometimes used as synonyms but have slightly different connotations. Dispositions, for example, are often equated with powers and differ from abilities in the sense that they are not necessarily linked to agents and actions. Abilities are closely related to know-how, as a form of practical knowledge on how to accomplish something. But it has been argued that these two terms may not be identical since know-how belongs more to the side of knowledge of how to do something and less to the power to actually do it. The terms "aptitude" and "talent" usually refer to outstanding inborn abilities. They are often used to express that a certain set of abilities can be acquired when properly used or trained. Abilities acquired through learning are frequently referred to as skills. The term "disability" is usually used for a long-term absence of a general human ability that significantly impairs what activities one can engage in and how one can interact with the world. In this sense, not any lack of an ability constitutes a disability. The more direct antonym of "ability" is "inability" instead.
Theories of ability
Various theories of the essential features of abilities have been proposed. The conditional analysis is the traditionally dominant approach. It defines abilities in terms of what one would do if one had the volition to do so. For modal theories of ability, by contrast, having an ability means that the agent has the possibility to execute the corresponding action. Other approaches include defining abilities in terms of dispositions and potentials. While all the concepts used in these different approaches are closely related, they have slightly different connotations, which often become relevant for avoiding various counterexamples.
Conditional analysis
The conditional analysis of ability is the traditionally dominant approach. It is often traced back to David Hume and defines abilities in terms of what one would do if one wanted to, tried to or had the volition to do so. It is articulated in the form of a conditional expression, for example, as "S has the ability to A iff S would A if S tried to A". On this view, Michael Phelps has the ability to swim 200 meters in under 2 minutes because he would do so if he tried to. The average person, on the other hand, lacks this ability because they would fail if they tried. Similar versions talk of having a volition instead of trying. This view can distinguish between the ability to do something and the possibility that one does something: only having the ability implies that the agent can make something happen according to their will. This definition of ability is closely related to Hume's definition of liberty as "a power of acting or not acting, according to the determinations of the will". But it is often argued that this is different from having a free will in the sense of the capacity of choosing between different courses of action.
This approach has been criticized in various ways, often by citing alleged counterexamples. Some of these counterexamples focus on cases where an ability is actually absent even though it would be present according to the conditional analysis. This is the case, for example, if someone is physically able to perform a certain action but, maybe due to a strong aversion, cannot form the volition to perform this action. So according to the conditional analysis, a person with arachnophobia has the ability to touch a trapped spider because they would do so if they tried. But all things considered, they do not have this ability since their arachnophobia makes it impossible for them to try. Another example involves a woman attacked on a dark street who would have screamed if she had tried to but was too paralyzed by fear to try it. One way to avoid this objection is to distinguish between psychological and non-psychological requirements of abilities. The conditional analysis can then be used as a partial analysis applied only to the non-psychological requirements.
Another form of criticism involves cases where the ability is present even though it would be absent according to the conditional analysis. This argument can be centered on the idea that having an ability does not ensure that each and every execution of it is successful. For example, even a good golfer may miss an easy putt on one occasion. That does not mean that they lack the ability to make this putt but this is what the conditional analysis suggests since they tried it and failed. One reply to this problem is to ascribe to the golfer the general ability, as discussed below, but deny them the specific ability in this particular instance.
Modal approach
Modal theories of ability focus not on what the agent would do under certain circumstances but on what is possible for the agent to do. This possibility is often understood in terms of possible worlds. On this view, an agent has the ability to perform a certain action if there is a complete and consistent way how the world could have been, in which the agent performs the corresponding action. This approach easily captures the idea that an agent can possess an ability without executing it. In this case, the agent does not perform the corresponding action in the actual world but there is a possible world where they perform it.
The problem with the approach described so far is that when the term "possible" is understood in the widest sense, many actions are possible even though the agent actually lacks the ability to perform them. For example, not knowing the combination of the safe, the agent lacks the ability to open the safe. But dialing the right combination is possible, i.e. there is a possible world in which, through a lucky guess, the agent succeeds at opening the safe. Because of such cases, it is necessary to add further conditions to the analysis above. These conditions play the role of restricting which possible worlds are relevant for evaluating ability-claims. Closely related to this is the converse problem concerning lucky performances in the actual world. This problem concerns the fact that an agent may successfully perform an action without possessing the corresponding ability. So a beginner at golf may hit the ball in an uncontrolled manner and through sheer luck achieve a hole-in-one. But the modal approach seems to suggest that such a beginner still has the corresponding ability since what is actual is also possible.
A series of arguments against this approach is due to Anthony Kenny, who holds that various inferences drawn in modal logic are invalid for ability ascriptions. These failures indicate that the modal approach fails to capture the logic of ability ascriptions.
It has also been argued that, strictly speaking, the conditional analysis is not different from the modal approach since it is just one special case of it. This is true if conditional expressions themselves are understood in terms of possible worlds, as suggested, for example, by David Kellogg Lewis and Robert Stalnaker. In this case, many of the arguments directed against the modal approach may equally apply to the conditional analysis.
Other approaches
The dispositional approach defines abilities in terms of dispositions. According to one version, "S has the ability to A in circumstances C iff she has the disposition to A when, in circumstances C, she tries to A". This view is closely related to the conditional analysis but differs from it because the manifestation of dispositions can be prevented through the presence of so-called masks and finks. In these cases, the disposition is still present even though the corresponding conditional is false. Another approach sees abilities as a form of potential to do something. This is different from a disposition since a disposition concerns the relation between a stimulus and a manifestation that follows when the stimulus is present. A potential, on the other hand, is characterized only by its manifestation. In the case of abilities, the manifestation concerns an action.
Types
Whether it is correct to ascribe a certain ability to an agent often depends on which type of ability is meant. General abilities concern what agents can do independent of their current situation, in contrast to specific abilities. To possess an effective ability, it is sufficient if the agent can succeed through a lucky accident, which is not the case for transparent abilities.
General and specific
An important distinction among abilities is between general and specific abilities, sometimes also referred to as global and local abilities. General abilities concern what agents can do generally, i.e. independent of the situation they find themselves in. But abilities often depend for their execution on various conditions that have to be fulfilled in the given circumstances. In this sense, the term "specific ability" is used to describe whether an agent has an ability in a specific situation. So while an expert piano player always has the general ability to play various piano pieces, they lack the corresponding specific ability if they are chained to a wall, if no piano is present or if they are heavily drugged. In such cases, some of the necessary conditions for using the ability are not met. While this example illustrates a case of a general ability without a specific ability, the converse is also possible. Even though most people lack the general ability to jump 2 meters high, they may possess the specific ability to do so when they find themselves on a trampoline. The reason that they lack this general ability is that they would fail to execute it in most circumstances. It would be necessary to succeed in a suitable proportion of the relevant cases for having the general ability as well, as would be the case for a high jump athlete in this example.
It seems that the two terms are interdefinable but there is disagreement as to which one is the more basic term. So a specific ability may be defined as a general ability together with an opportunity. Having a general ability, on the other hand, can be seen as having a specific ability in various relevant situations. A similar distinction can be drawn not just for the term "ability" but also for the wider term "disposition". The distinction between general and specific abilities is not always drawn explicitly in the academic literature. While discussions often focus more on the general sense, sometimes the specific sense is intended. This distinction is relevant for various philosophical issues, specifically for the ability to do otherwise in the free will debate. If this ability is understood as a general ability, it seems to be compatible with determinism. But this seems not to be the case if a specific ability is meant.
Effective and transparent
Another distinction sometimes found in the literature concerns the question of whether successfully performing an action by accident counts as having the corresponding ability. For example, a student in the first grade is able, in a weaker sense, to recite the first 10 digits of Pi insofar as they are able to utter any permutation of the numerals from 0 to 9. But they are not able to do so in a stronger sense since they have not memorized the exact order. The weaker sense is sometimes termed effective abilities, in contrast to transparent abilities corresponding to the stronger sense. Usually, ability ascriptions have the stronger sense in mind, but this is not always the case. For example, the sentence "Usain Bolt can run 100 meters in 9.58 seconds" is usually not taken to mean that Bolt can, at will, arrive at the goal at exactly 9.58 seconds, no more and no less. Instead, he can do something that amounts to this in a weaker sense.
Relation to other concepts
The concept of abilities is relevant for various other concepts and debates. Disagreements in these fields often depend on how abilities are to be understood. In the free will debate, for example, a central question is whether free will, when understood as the ability to do otherwise, can exist in a world governed by deterministic laws of nature. Free will is closely related to autonomy, which concerns the agent's ability to govern oneself. Another issue concerns whether someone has the moral obligation to perform a certain action and is responsible for succeeding or failing to do so. This issue depends, among other things, on whether the agent has the ability to perform the action in question and on whether they could have done otherwise. The ability-theory of concepts and concept possession defines them in terms of two abilities: the ability to discriminate between positive and negative cases and the ability to draw inferences to related concepts.
Free will
The topic of abilities plays an important role in the free will debate. The free will debate often centers around the question of whether the existence of free will is compatible with determinism, so-called compatibilism, or not, so-called incompatibilism. Free will is frequently defined as the ability to do otherwise while determinism can be defined as the view that the past together with the laws of nature determine everything happening in the present and the future. The conflict arises since, if everything is already fixed by the past, there seems to be no sense in which anyone could act differently than they do, i.e. that there is no place for free will. Such a result might have serious consequences since, according to some theories, people would not be morally responsible for what they do in such a case.
Having an explicit theory of what constitutes an ability is central for deciding whether determinism and free will are compatible. Different theories of ability may lead to different answers to this question. It has been argued that, according to a dispositionalist theory of ability, compatibilism is true since determinism does not exclude unmanifested dispositions. Another argument for compatibilism is due to Susan Wolf, who argues that having the type of ability relevant for moral responsibility is compatible with physical determinism since the ability to perform an action does not imply that this action is physically possible. Peter van Inwagen and others have presented arguments for incompatibilism based on the fact that the laws of nature impose limits on our abilities. These limits are so strict in the case of determinism that the only abilities possessed by anyone are the ones that are actually executed, i.e. there are no abilities to do otherwise than one actually does.
Autonomy
Autonomy is usually defined as the ability to govern oneself. It can be ascribed both to individual agents, like human persons, and to collective agents, like nations. Autonomy is absent when there is no intelligent force governing the entity's behavior at all, as in the case of a simple rock, or when this force does not belong to the governed entity, as when one nation has been invaded by another and now lacks the ability to govern itself. Autonomy is often understood in combination with a rational component, e.g. as the agent's ability to appreciate what reasons they have and to follow the strongest reason. Robert Audi, for example, characterizes autonomy as the self-governing power to bring reasons to bear in directing one's conduct and influencing one's propositional attitudes. Autonomy may also encompass the ability to question one's beliefs and desires and to change them if necessary. Some authors include the condition that decisions involved in self-governing are not determined by forces outside oneself in any way, i.e. that they are a pure expression of one's own will that is not controlled by someone else. In the Kantian tradition, autonomy is often equated with self-legislation, which may be interpreted as laying down laws or principles that are to be followed. This involves the idea that one's ability of self-governance is not just exercised on a case-by-case basis but that one takes up long-term commitments to more general principles governing many different situations.
Obligation and responsibility
The issue of abilities is closely related to the concepts of responsibility and obligation. On the side of obligation, the principle that "ought implies can" is often cited in the ethical literature. Its original formulation is attributed to Immanuel Kant. It states that an agent is only morally obligated to perform a certain action if they are able to perform this action. As a consequence of this principle, one is not justified to blame an agent for something that was out of their control. According to this principle, for example, a person sitting on the shore has no moral obligation to jump into the water to save a child drowning nearby, and should not be blamed for failing to do so, if they are unable to do so due to Paraplegia.
The problem of moral responsibility is closely related to obligation. One difference is that "obligation" tends to be understood more in a forward-looking sense in contrast to backward-looking responsibility. But these are not the only connotations of these terms. A common view concerning moral responsibility is that the ability to control one's behavior is necessary if one is to be responsible for it. This is often connected to the thesis that alternative courses of action were available to the agent, i.e. that the agent had the ability to do otherwise. But some authors, often from the incompatibilist tradition, contend that what matters for responsibility is to act as one chooses, even if no ability to do otherwise was present.
One difficulty for these principles is that our ability to do something at a certain time often depends on having done something else earlier. So a person is usually able to attend a meeting 5 minutes from now if they are currently only a few meters away from the planned location but not if they are hundreds of kilometers away. This seems to lead to the counter-intuitive consequence that people who failed to take their flight due to negligence are not morally responsible for their failure because they currently lack the corresponding ability. One way to respond to this type of example is to allow that the person is not to be blamed for their behavior 5 minutes before the meeting but hold instead that they are to be blamed for their earlier behavior that caused them to miss the flight.
Concepts and concept possession
Concepts are the basic constituents of thoughts, beliefs and propositions. As such, they play a central role for most forms of cognition. A person can only entertain a proposition if they possess the concepts involved in this proposition. For example, the proposition "wombats are animals" involves the concepts "wombat" and "animal". Someone who does not possess the concept "wombat" may still be able to read the sentence but cannot entertain the corresponding proposition. There are various theories concerning how concepts and concept possession are to be understood. One prominent suggestion sees concepts as cognitive abilities of agents. Proponents of this view often identify two central aspects that characterize concept possession: the ability to discriminate between positive and negative cases and the ability to draw inferences from this concept to related concepts. So, on the one hand, a person possessing the concept "wombat" should be able to distinguish wombats from non-wombats (like trees, DVD-players or cats). On the other hand, this person should be able to point out what follows from the fact that something is a wombat, e.g. that it is an animal, that it has short legs or that it has a slow metabolism. It is usually taken that these abilities have to be possessed to a significant degree but that perfection is not necessary. So even some people who are not aware of their slow metabolism may count as possessing the concept "wombat". Opponents of the ability-theory of concepts have argued that the abilities to discriminate and to infer are circular since they already presuppose concept possession instead of explaining it. They tend to defend alternative accounts of concepts, for example, as mental representations or as abstract objects.
References
Accountability
Causality
Concepts in ethics
Intelligence
Possibility
Power (social and political) concepts |
19369557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borislava%20Peri%C4%87 | Borislava Perić | Borislava Perić-Ranković (, born 16 June 1972) is a disabled Serbian table tennis player. She represented Serbia at the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympics in table tennis, winning one gold and three silver medals. She competes in the disability class 4. In the 2016 Summer Paralympics she won her first Paralympic gold medal in the individual class 4 competition, defeating China's Zhang Miao in the finals. At the 2020 Summer Paralympics, she won a bronze medal.
Life
Perić-Ranković was born in Bečej in 1972. She had a workplace accident in 1994, sustaining spinal cord injuries. She has used a wheelchair ever since. She began training table tennis in 2002, and moved to Novi Sad in 2006 to train with trainer Zlatko Kesler.
She has won one gold, one silver and two bronze medals at the 2010 and 2014 World Para Table Tennis Championships.
In 2015, Perić-Ranković received ITTF Star Award for female para table tennis player of the year.
Perić-Ranković will appear on the Together We Can Do Everything ballot list for the 2022 general election, as an independent candidate.
Notes
1972 births
Serbian female table tennis players
Table tennis players at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Table tennis players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Table tennis players at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic table tennis players of Serbia
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in table tennis
Paralympic gold medalists for Serbia
Paralympic silver medalists for Serbia
Living people
Table tennis players at the 2020 Summer Paralympics |
10738099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Frail | Stephen Frail | Stephen Charles Frail (born 10 August 1969) is a Scottish football coach and former player, who was most recently assistant manager of Scottish Premiership club Dundee United. He played for Dundee, Heart of Midlothian, Tranmere Rovers, St Johnstone and Greenock Morton. Returning to Hearts as a coach, he was in charge of the first team between 2007 and 2008, partially alongside Anatoliy Korobochka.
Playing career
Frail began his career with Archie Knox's Dundee in 1985, gradually developing into a first-team player by the end of the decade. He helped the Dens Park side to victory in the inaugural Scottish Challenge Cup in 1990–91, however his progress was hindered by a serious knee ligament injury, causing him to miss almost an entire season.
Frail joined Hearts in a £130,000 deal in March 1994 and his form during the 1994–95 season as a right wingback led to media speculation of a call-up to the Scottish national side. Injury continued to hinder him though and in an away match at Dundee United on 21 March 1995 he suffered similar knee ligament damage to that he sustained while with Dundee. He missed the entire 1995–96 season and upon his return to fitness found his previous role in the team taken by Gary Locke.
Unable to maintain a permanent position in the team he filled-in as a defensive midfielder when required as well as deputising for Locke but left Edinburgh for Merseyside when Tranmere Rovers paid £90,000 for his services in January 1998.
Following a familiar pattern, Frail's time with Tranmere was decimated by injuries and he made less than 30 total appearances during his two seasons with the club. He is best remembered for his involvement in a controversial incident in an FA Cup tie with Sunderland, when a bureaucratic mix-up resulted in him being substituted on for Clint Hill who, unbeknown to Frail, had just been sent-off for a second bookable offence. After several minutes of commotion another player left the field to ensure Tranmere didn't avoid their punishment.
Frail returned to Scotland with St Johnstone in 2000, signed for a second time by his former Hearts manager Sandy Clark. After a single season in Perth he moved to Greenock side Morton.
Coaching career
While at Morton, Frail began to become involved in coaching, firstly under Peter Cormack then former teammate at Hearts Dave McPherson. He retired from his playing role at the end of the 2001–02 season and became a full-time assistant to Morton's third manager within the year, John McCormack. McCormack was sacked in 2004, and Frail and the rest of the coaching staff left with him. Later that year, after attending Hearts UEFA Cup tie with Sporting Braga, he was invited to join their coaching staff by then manager Craig Levein. Initially coach of the under-19 side, he was promoted to become assistant coach when John McGlynn left to manage Raith Rovers in 2006.
Frail, along with sporting director Anatoly Korobochka, took temporary charge of Hearts' first team in March 2007 after the departure of Valdas Ivanauskas. It was confirmed in June 2007 that Frail and Korobochka would take charge of the Jambos for the 2007–08 season with Bulgarian Angel Chervenkov coming in as assistant, though it was left ambiguous which one of the pair had responsibility for team selection. After poor form, which saw Hearts drop to tenth in the SPL, Frail was promoted to caretaker manager in January 2008 as the club planned to appoint a new permanent manager. It was announced Frail will be replaced as manager at the end of the 2007/08 season.
In April 2009, Frail was appointed a coach at Celtic, working with their reserve and youth teams. He left this position on 1 September 2015.
After leaving Celtic, Frail worked with the Scotland U16 team and scouted for Bolton Wanderers before the Irish Football Association appointed him to be full-time manager of the Northern Ireland Under 19 and Under 17 teams in August 2016. Frail returned to Scotland in July 2020, becoming assistant manager at Dundee United.
In June 2021, Frail left Dundee United.
References
External links
Appearances at londonhearts.com
1969 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Footballers from Glasgow
Dundee F.C. players
Dundee United F.C. non-playing staff
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Heart of Midlothian F.C. non-playing staff
Heart of Midlothian F.C. managers
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
St Johnstone F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. non-playing staff
Scottish Premier League managers
Celtic F.C. non-playing staff
Bolton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff
Association football midfielders
Scottish football managers
Association football fullbacks |
19530758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground%20Kontrol | Ground Kontrol | Ground Kontrol is a video game/pinball and bar in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. It is known for preserving games from the Golden Age of Video Arcade Games. It also serves as a venue for DJs and live music.
History
Since opening in 1999, Ground Kontrol has undergone several changes. The arcade was originally created and opened by Betty Farrier, and Kneel Cohn of the bands Warshow Angels and The Dead Stars on Hollywood. In March 2003, it came under the new ownership of Timewarp Incorporated. In September 2004, Ground Kontrol moved to a new location
In December 2010, Ground Kontrol moved to a temporary location to accommodate a remodel. During renovation, a kitchen and new seating were added, the restrooms were moved, and the decor took on a Tron-esque vibe. On December 11, 2011, Ground Kontrol announced that it was now a full-service bar.
In April 2017, Ground Kontrol expanded into the former location of Backspace, renovating it to include a new bar area, several video screens and a connecting hallway. The newer expanded area was built with a WarGames-esque vibe. A further renovation of the entrance on NW Couch St. was completed in June 2018.
Events
In June 2004, a world record high score competition was held jointly at Ground Kontrol; Aftershock RetroGames Arcade in Madison, Wisconsin; and the Houston Area Arcade Group Expo in Houston, Texas. Twin Galaxies maintained the results of the competitions for world record consideration.
Portland Pinbrawl, an annual pinball tournament, is held at Ground Kontrol.
In 2010, Ground Kontrol was the winner of three arcades competing in Stride gum's "Save the Arcades 2" contest. The owners used the $25,000 prize to assist in funding a full remodeling of the arcade and to buy more games.
Recognition
In July, 2010, Sunset Magazine included Ground Kontrol in the "Best of Portland: Hotels, Dining, and Attractions 2010" publication calling it the "Old Hot Spot" in Portland's Chinatown. The San Francisco Chronicle listed Ground Kontrol as one of "Five places to revisit the '80s". Ground Control won in the "Best Game Bar" category of Willamette Week "Best of Portland Readers' Poll 2020".
See also
List of companies based in Oregon
References
External links
1999 establishments in Oregon
Companies based in Portland, Oregon
Entertainment companies established in 1999
Nightclubs in Portland, Oregon
Northwest Portland, Oregon
Old Town Chinatown
Privately held companies based in Oregon
Video arcades |
1563747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Stevenson | Tim Stevenson | Tim Stevenson (born 1945 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian politician and United Church minister. He served as councillor on the Vancouver City Council, 2002 to 2018 as a member of Vision Vancouver. He was a founding member of Vision Vancouver.
Background
Stevenson received a B.A. from the University of British Columbia, a M.A., Spirituality from Holy Names College in Oakland, California where he studied with Matthew Fox and a M.Div from the Vancouver School of Theology. In 1992 he was ordained by the British Columbia Conference of the United Church of Canada. Stevenson was the first openly gay person to be ordained in Canada. In 1993 he began his ministry at St. Paul's United Church in Burnaby. He also served as a board member at the First United Church in the Downtown Eastside for 10 years.
Stevenson has worked in the Philippines and South Africa. In 1991 he was a Canadian representative at the African National Congress Conference in Durban when Nelson Mandela was elected ANC party president. In 1994 he was an international observer in South Africa's first election after the fall of apartheid. Also in South Africa he has worked with the Black Liberation Gay and Lesbian Movement and other organizations that focus on social injustices.
Political career
In the 1996 Provincial election he was elected in Vancouver-Burrard to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party. He was the first openly gay MLA elected in British Columbia. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Health as well as the deputy speaker of the House. Between 2000 and 2001 he held a cabinet position as Minister for Employment and Investment. He was the first openly gay cabinet minister (either provincial or federal) in Canada. He lost his provincial seat in 2001 to Lorne Mayencourt of the B.C. Liberals.
In 2002 he was elected to the Vancouver City Council in British Columbia. As a member of the city council and board member of Tourism Vancouver, he is known for modernizing Vancouver's entertainment and tourism industry. When gay marriage became legalized in British Columbia, Stevenson performed the first legal gay weddings in the province. In 2014 Stevenson represented the city of Vancouver as deputy mayor at the Sochi Olympics. He met with the President's Office of the International Olympics Committee urging them to add "sexual orientation" to the Olympic Charter. They subsequently did so.
Stevenson was a candidate in the 2005 provincial election, again in Vancouver-Burrard. Conflicting results throughout election night had both Stevenson and Mayencourt declared the victor at different times, and the uncertainty continued for several weeks. In the official count of regular ballots, Stevenson was declared the winner by 17 votes. However, when absentee ballots were counted on May 30, 2005, Mayencourt was declared the winner by a margin of 18 votes. After a judicial recount, Mayencourt was declared the victor by 11 votes.
Stevenson won re-election as a city councillor in the 2005 Vancouver municipal election as a member of Vision Vancouver, and again in the 2008 election and the 2011 election.
Personal
Stevenson's spouse for 14 years has been Gary Paterson, another minister and former moderator of the United Church of Canada. Same sex marriage in Canada is legal, and Stevenson and Paterson were legally married in 2004.
Electoral record
References
External links
Tim Stevenson at Vancouver City Council
British Columbia New Democratic Party MLAs
Canadian clergy
LGBT Protestant clergy
Gay politicians
Canadian LGBT people in provincial and territorial legislatures
Ministers of the United Church of Canada
Vision Vancouver councillors
Living people
Holy Names University alumni
LGBT municipal councillors in Canada
1945 births
Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia
20th-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian politicians |
36181367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10.5%20cm%20SK%20C/32%20naval%20gun | 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun | The 10.5 cm SK C/32 (SK - Schnellladekanone (quick loading cannon) C - Construktionsjahr (year of design), was a widely used German naval gun on a variety of Kriegsmarine ships during World War II. Originally designed as a surface weapon, it was used in a number of other roles such as anti-aircraft and coastal defence; wet-mounts were developed for U-boats.
Description
The 10.5 cm SK C/32 was a built-up gun, 45 calibers long, with a jacket and breech that weighed about 1.8 tons. The gun fired fixed ammunition, which was long, weighed and had a propellant charge. Useful life expectancy was 4,100 effective full charges (EFC) per barrel.
Surface ships
The 10.5 cm SK C/32 was widely deployed on three different types of single mounts. The high-angle MPLC/30 was a modified 8.8 cm mount. The low-angle MPLC/32 was used on Type 35 torpedo boats, Type 37 torpedo boats and Type 40 minesweepers. The high-angle MPLC/32 gE was used on the cruiser Emden, the battleship , the battleship , Elbing class torpedo boats, Type 35 minesweepers and Type 43 minesweepers.
Two guns formed the main armament of the Romanian multi-purpose vessel Amiral Murgescu.
U-boats
The 10.5 cm SK C/32 was the standard low-angle deck gun mounted forward of the conning tower in type I, type IX and type X U-boats. The Ubts LC/32 mounting used in type I and early type IX U-boats weighed about 5 tonnes. Later type IX and type XB U-boats used the lighter Ubts LC/36 mounting with a maximum elevation of +30° . During the early war years, these guns were used to encourage surrender of independently routed merchant ships or to sink ships damaged by torpedoes.
Some of these guns were later removed from U-boats for mounting aboard type 40 minesweepers after unshielded deck guns proved impractical in action against Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships and escorted trade convoys.
One gun was mounted aboard the submarine Marsuinul of the Romanian Navy. The gun, together with her six 533 mm torpedo tubes, made her the most powerful Axis submarine in the Black Sea.
Coastal defence
Norway used this gun in coastal defence batteries until 2002.
See also
List of naval guns
Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
QF 4 inch Mk XII & Mk XXII guns : Slightly less powerful British equivalent submarine guns
Notes
References
External links
Tony DiGiulian, Germany 10.5 cm/45 (4.1") SK C/32
105 mm artillery
Naval guns of Germany
Coastal artillery
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s |
66924183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine%20Commander%20%28Atari%202600%29 | Submarine Commander (Atari 2600) | Submarine Commander is a 1982 sports video game developed by Atari for the Atari 2600 and released under the Sears Tele-Games label.
Development
The game was one of three developed by Atari exclusively for Sears, the others being Stellar Track and Steeplechase. It was based on the Midway arcade game Sea Wolf II that was played with a periscope.
Gameplay
The player controls a submarine going through enemy territory. The player must shoot targets in order to win the game. The player views the action via a periscope that can be rotated through 360 degrees - a rarity for the time. Information provided to the player includes a radar scope, a depth-charge-detector, a fuel gauge, and an engine temperature gauge for detecting engine-overheating. There are eight modes of play, made up of single and two-player mode and four different levels of difficulty for each.
Reception
A December 1982 review in Joystik magazine described Submarine Commander as being a "very basic shooting-gallery type game."
A review on the 8-Bit Central website criticised the graphics saying that the game was "not a visually pleasing experience" but also said that the game was "worth trying" due to the complexity of the gameplay. The 8-Bit Central gave the game 2.5/5 overall. A December 2012 review on the Video Games Critic website was praising of the game, describing it as "an eye-opening experience" and praising the faux-3D graphics and exciting actionof the game, and gave it a grade of "B+" overall.
References
1982 video games
Atari 2600 games
Shoot 'em ups
Submarine simulation video games
Video games developed in the United States |
68386528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragrostis%20aquatica | Eragrostis aquatica | Eragrostis aquatica is a species of grass (family Poaceae), native to west Honshu island, Japan. It grows on the edges of wet areas, and has also been recorded from South Korea.
References
aquatica
Endemic flora of Japan
Plants described in 1928 |
24746848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossiaea%20buxifolia | Bossiaea buxifolia | Bossiaea buxifolia, commonly known as matted bossiaea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a prostrate to weakly erect shrub with elliptic to egg-shaped or almost round leaves and yellow, red and purplish flowers.
Description
Bossiaea buxifolia is a prostrate to weakly erect shrub that typically grows to a height of up to tall, although sometimes as high as and has softly-hairy stems. The leaves are arranged alternately, elliptic to egg-shaped or more or less round, mostly long and wide on a petiole long with narrow triangular stipules long at the base. The flowers are usually borne on short side branches, each flower long and borne on a pedicel long with a few small bracts and bracteoles long at the base. The sepals are long and joined at the base with the upper lobes long and the lower lobes slightly shorter. The standard petal is yellow with a red base, a darker colour on the back and up to long, the wings yellow and orange and slightly shorter than the standard, and the keel dark red to purplish and less than long. Flowering occurs from spring to early summer and the fruit is a narrow oblong pod long.
Taxonomy
Bossiaea buxifolia was first formally described in 1825 by Allan Cunningham who found it growing "upon rocky, brushy hills" and published the description in the chapter "On the Botany of the Blue Mountains" of Barron Field's book, Geographical Memoirs on New South Wales. The specific epithet (buxifolia) means "box-tree-leaved".
Distribution and habitat
Matted bossiaea grows in forest and woodland occurs south from Kroombit Tops National Park in south-eastern Queensland, along the coast and tablelands of eastern New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory to the ranges east of Omeo in eastern Victoria.
References
Mirbelioids
buxifolia
Flora of the Australian Capital Territory
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Flora of Victoria (Australia)
Taxa named by Allan Cunningham (botanist)
Plants described in 1825 |
13815624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismarckia | Bismarckia | Bismarckia is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to western and northern Madagascar where they grow in open grassland. The genus is named for the first chancellor of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck and the epithet for its only species, Bismarckia nobilis, comes from Latin for 'noble'.
Description
Bismarckia nobilis grows from solitary trunks, gray to tan in color, which show ringed indentations from old leaf bases. Trunks are 30 to 45 cm in diameter, slightly bulging at the base, and free of leaf bases in all but its youngest parts. In their natural habitat they can reach above 25 meters in height but usually get no taller than 12 m in cultivation. The nearly rounded leaves are enormous in maturity, over 3 m wide, and are divided to a third its length into 20 or more stiff, once-folded segments, themselves split on the ends. The leaves are induplicate and costapalmate, producing a wedge-shaped hastula where the blade and petiole meet. Petioles are 2–3 m, slightly armed, and are covered in a white wax as well as cinnamon-colored caducous scales; the nearly-spherical leaf crown is 7.5 m wide and 6 m tall. Most cultivated Bismarckias feature silver-blue foliage although a green leaf variety exists (which is less hardy to cold). These palms are dioecious and produce pendent, interfoliar inflorescences of small brown flowers which, in female plants, mature to a brown ovoid drupe, each containing a single seed.
Distribution and habitat
Native to Madagascar, an island well known for its rich diversity of unique taxa, Bismarckia is one genus among a diverse palm flora (some 170 palms of which 165 are solely in Madagascar). They grow in the plains of the central highlands, nearly reaching the western and northern coasts, in savannas of low grass, usually in lateritic soil. As much of this land has been cleared with fire for agricultural use, Bismarckias, along with other fire-resistant trees like Ravenala madagascariensis and Uapaca bojeri, are the most conspicuous components of this arid region.
Cultivation
Bismarck palms are grown throughout the tropics and subtropics under favorable microclimates. They are grown in many parts of Indonesia and Australia. In the United States, they are planted in several areas of Florida, a few areas of Southern California, southern and southeastern Texas, and southern Arizona. Bismarck palms will suffer from cold damage but they quickly recover. The green variety is more cold sensitive than is the silver-gray variety. The green variety is damaged at , but the silver-gray variety will tolerate and will recover from . While Bismarckia tolerate some drought, they thrive in areas with adequate rainfall. Because of their massive crowns, they need plenty of room in a landscape area.
Bismarck palm tree care and maintenance
Bismarck palms are easy to grow in the right environment as they are adaptable to a wide range of soils and prefer to have good drainage as the Bismarck does not like to have root rot. The Bismarck palm can adapt to either acidic or alkaline soil and prefers to be watered directly into the root system or sprayed through the palm heart. When planting the Bismarck palm make sure to not to cover up any part of the trunk, as this will lead to problems as the Bismarck palm is susceptible to be eaten by microorganisms that live naturally in soil and other mediums.
References
External links
Floridata site
Bismarckia pictures
PACSOA link
USDA site
Coryphoideae
Monotypic Arecaceae genera
Endemic flora of Madagascar
Trees of Madagascar
Garden plants of Africa
Ornamental trees
Dioecious plants |
61686099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irikkur%20%28State%20Assembly%20constituency%29 | Irikkur (State Assembly constituency) | Irikkur State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala state in southern India. It is also one of the 7 state legislative assembly constituencies included in the Kannur Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 elections, the current MLA is Sajeev Joseph of INC.
Local self governed segments
Irikkur Niyamasabha constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:
Members of Legislative Assembly
The following list contains all members of Kerala legislative assembly who have represented the constituency:
Key
Election results
Niyamasabha Election 2021
Niyamasabha Election 2016
There were 1,88,416 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 election.
Niyamasabha Election 2011
There were 1,69,262 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.
See also
Irikkur
Kannur district
List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly
2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
References
State assembly constituencies in Kannur district |
2900338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi%20Gulf%20Coast | Mississippi Gulf Coast | The Mississippi Gulf Coast, also known as the Mississippi Gulf Coast region, Coastal Mississippi, or simply The Coast, is the area of southern Mississippi along the Mississippi Sound along the Gulf of Mexico.
Geography
At the state's creation, Hancock and Jackson were the only two counties to make up this region. However, before the end of the first centennial, subdivisions in the counties lead to the formation of Harrison County, as well as the pineywoods counties of Pearl River, Stone and George.
Cities
The Mississippi Gulf Coast consists of many cities that lie directly on the Mississippi Sound. The U. S. Census Bureau divided the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) for the Mississippi Gulf Coast in 2003, which previously had been the three coastal counties, into two MSAs that included two additional counties. Cities in the new Metropolitan Statistical Area include the original French settlements in Biloxi and Ocean Springs, as well as Waveland, Bay St. Louis, Diamondhead, Pass Christian, Long Beach, Gulfport, D'Iberville, Gautier, Pascagoula, and Moss Point.
History
Early History
The Biloxi people lived in the region at least as early as 1699.
Colonial History
In 1699, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville arrived to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River. He landed on the Ship Island, and three days later, arrived on the Mississippi Gulf Coast, establishing a colony and building Fort Maurepas, which served as the first capital of French Louisiana. The fort became a base of operations to continue exploring the area.
The French settlers found the area to be difficult to maintain a settlement. According to Bunn & Williams (2007), factors such as death of crops, lack of fresh water, lack of discipline, and illness led to difficulty in maintaining the colonization of the area. Furthermore, due to political concerns, the capital of French Louisiana was moved to Mobile in 1701; the fort was abandoned by 1702. Despite a temporary move of the capital to Biloxi during the construction of New Orleans, previous failures kept the area from playing a further role in French colonization efforts in the region.
Statehood and Antebellum Period
When Mississippi entered the Union in 1817, the majority of the population lived in Northern parts of the state. At statehood, the population of the coast comprised 2.5% of the state's total. Likewise, the Census lists only 586 of the state's 30,061 slaves as living on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. After statehood, the coastal regions remained a frontier, with cultural influences coming from the Mediterranean area. According to Kenneth P'Pool, deputy historic preservation officer at MDAH, "The Coast's situation along ... the Gulf of Mexico — both facilitated the region's ethnic diversity and maintained its ties to the rest of the world much more easily than was possible for other regions of [Mississippi]."
Civil War
Fort Massachusetts, on Ship Island, was seized during the American Civil War.
Twentieth century
In the 20th century, Keesler Air Force Base brought development to the region. Hurricane Camille on August 17, 1969, and Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005 caused historic destruction to the Gulf Coast.
Education
As of May 2019, there are 122 K-12 schools spread across 15 school districts, which serve students in the Mississippi Gulf Coast region.
In addition, the Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College offers associate degree and career programs. The University of Southern Mississippi has a branch located in Long Beach, Mississippi which offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs.
Notable people
Walter Inglis Anderson, painter, writer, and naturalist
Frederick Barthelme, novelist
Varina Davis, First Lady of the Confederate States of America
Prentiss Ingraham, Confederate soldier and writer
Jack Nelson, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist of the Civil Rights era
George E. Ohr, ceramic artist
Eugene Antonio Marino, Archbishop emeritus of Atlanta
Fannie C. Williams, educator
William Woodward, artist
Robin Roberts, ABC News anchor
Brett Favre, NFL Quarterback
Brittney Reese, Olympic Long Jumper
[Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf] Chris Wayne Jackson NBA Player Drafted 3rd 1990 NBA draft, Denver Nuggets Gulfport MS
See also
Land Trust for the Mississippi Coastal Plain
Notes
References
Geography of Mississippi
Gulf Coast of the United States
Gulf Coast
Geography of George County, Mississippi
Geography of Hancock County, Mississippi
Geography of Harrison County, Mississippi
Geography of Jackson County, Mississippi
Geography of Pearl River County, Mississippi
Geography of Stone County, Mississippi
West Florida |
1016885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Terrestrial%20Reference%20System%201989 | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 | The European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) is an ECEF (Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed) geodetic Cartesian reference frame, in which the Eurasian Plate as a whole is static. The coordinates and maps in Europe based on ETRS89 are not subject to change due to the continental drift.
The development of ETRS89 is related to the global ITRS geodetic datum, in which the representation of the continental drift is balanced in such a way that the total apparent angular momentum of continental plates is about 0. ETRS89 was officially born at the 1990 Florence meeting of EUREF, following its Resolution 1, which recommends that the terrestrial reference system to be adopted by EUREF will be coincident with ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian Plate. According to the resolution, this system was named European Terrestrial Reference System 89 (ETRS89). Since then ETRS89 and ITRS diverge due to the continental drift at a speed about 2.5 cm per year. By the year 2000 the two coordinate systems differed by about 25 cm.
The 89 in its name does not refer to the year of solution (realization), but rather the year of initial definition, when ETRS89 was fully equivalent to ITRS. The solutions of ETRS89 correspond to the ITRS solutions. For each ITRS solution, a matching ETRS89 solution is being made. ETRF2000, for example, is an ETRS89 solution, which corresponds to ITRF2000. ETRS89 is realized by EUREF through the maintenance of the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) and continuous processing of the EPN data in a few processing centres. Users have access to ETRS89 via EPN data products and real-time streams of differential corrections from a set of public providers based on the EPN stations.
The transformation from ETRS89 to ITRS is time-dependent and was formulated by C. Boucher and Z. Altamimi
ETRS89 is the EU-recommended frame of reference for geodata for Europe. It is the only geodetic datum to be used for mapping and surveying purposes in Europe.
It plays the same role for Europe as NAD-83 for North America. (NAD-83 is a datum in which the North American Plate as a whole is static, and which is used for mapping and surveying in the US, Canada, and Mexico.) ETRS89 and NAD-83 are based on the GRS80 ellipsoid. WGS84 originally used the GRS80 reference ellipsoid, but has undergone some minor refinements in later editions since its initial publication.
See also
WGS 84
ED50
AFREF
References
External links
ETRS89 site (Spanish)
ETRS89 site (French)
ETRS89 site (English)
ETRS89 site (Portuguese)
Information from the Ordnance Survey of Ireland
Geodetic datums |
18566016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss%20City%20Marathon | Swiss City Marathon | The Swiss City Marathon is a marathon in Lucerne, first held in 2007. A half marathon and a "try-out marathon" (Schnuppermarathon) of 13 km are also part of the programme.
History
The marathon was held for the first time on 28 October 2007. With 5594 finishers, the premiere was the largest first edition of a running event in Switzerland and the Lucerne Marathon became at once the third largest Swiss marathon after the and Jungfrau Marathon.
The 2020 in-person edition of the race was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all registrants given the option of registering for free for 2021, obtaining a voucher for the marathon valid until 2023 (minus a 10 CHF handling fee), or obtaining a refund (minus a 20 CHF handling fee).
Course
The course is a circuit with the length of a half marathon, which starts and finishes at the Swiss Transport Museum. The track runs first along the "Haldenstrasse", passing by the chapel royal and the traditional luxury hotels of the city. Departing from "Schwanenplatz", the runners cross the pier from where they can see the famous chapel bridge and the water tower as well as the Old Town. On the other side of the lake, the track passes by the Lucerne Culture and Congress Centre built by Jean Nouvel, around the Horwer peninsula and along Lake Lucerne with a view of the impressive Alpine panorama of Central Switzerland. From Horw, where the finish line of the "try-out marathon" (Schnuppermarathon) is located; the course leads through the Allmend stadium back to the pier and to the Swiss Transport Museum.
Management
It is organised by the Lucerne Marathon Association.
Viktor Röthlin, currently best Swiss marathon runner, has become the ambassador of the race.
Winners
Key: Course record
Statistic
28 October 2007
Fastest Runner Half Marathon
Men: Daniel Renggli, Luzern, 1:11.30,3
Women: Renata Bucher, Littau, 1:21.16,2
Finisher
Marathon: 2713 (2136 men und 577 women)
Half Marathon: 2263 (1403 men und 860 women)
Try-out Marathon: 419 (190 men und 229 women)
26 October 2008
Fastest Runner Halbmarathon
Men: Ueli Koch, Schwendibach, 1:07.48,7
Women: Addis Gezahegne, Kriens, 1:18.54,6
Finisher
Marathon:2303 (1837 men und 466 women)
Half Marathon:3947 (2562 men und 1385 women)
Try-out Marathon:385 (161 men und 224 women)
See also
List of marathon races in Europe
Notes
References
External links
Official web page
Lucerne Marathon 2007 on laufreport.de
Lucerne Marathon 2007 on sportheute.ch
3D Flying over the course on Google Earth
Marathons in Switzerland
Recurring sporting events established in 2007
Athletics competitions in Switzerland
Sport in Lucerne
Autumn events in Switzerland |
14821385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Hamma | Walter Hamma | Walter Hamma (22 September 1916 – 11 August 1988) was a German violin maker.
His father, Fridolin Hamma, was an influential violin maker. Walter Hamma was pupil of the violin making school in Mittenwald 1933-1935. He worked with Ferdinand Jaura in Vienna and later for Caressa & Francais in Paris. During the Second World War, the workshop in Stuttgart was destroyed. After the war Fridolin and Walter Hamma built the shop up again. In 1948 Walter Hamma became a master violin maker and took over the shop in 1959. The firm of Hamma was one of the leading violin making workshops in Europe. Walter Hamma was president of the international violin making society EILA from 1963-1965. He was named as one of the leading experts for stringed instruments, and his book about Italian and German instruments are still very important books in the world of violin making. In 1982 he retired and the family business that had existed since 1864 was closed.
References
Willibald Leo Frh. v. Lütgendorff: Die Geigen- und Lautenmacher vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, (new edition by Thomas Drescher)
External links
1916 births
1988 deaths
German luthiers
People from Stuttgart |
995465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar%20Levertin | Oscar Levertin | Oscar Ivar Levertin (17 July 1862, Norrköping – 22 September 1906) was a Swedish poet, critic and literary historian. Levertin was a dominant voice of the Swedish cultural scene from 1897, when he started writing influential high-profile essays and reviews in the daily paper Svenska Dagbladet.
From 1899 until his early death in 1906 he also occupied the first Chair of literary history at the University of Stockholm, in which role he published extensive studies, particularly in Swedish 18th century literature.
Overview
In his own short story collections in the 1880s, Levertin first aligned himself with the Naturalist school of fiction of which August Strindberg was the most prominent member. In 1888, however, the previously unheard Swedish romantic poetic voice of Verner von Heidenstam's Vallfart och vandringsår changed Levertin's stylistic ideals. Levertin and Heidenstam published together a pamphlet attacking the Naturalist style in 1890, and even though Levertin was never to abandon his scientific and materialist view of history (something that sets him off from other poets of his generation), his literary energies were thenceforth channelled into poetry of a romantic, exotic and historical character. Together with Heidenstam's work, Levertin's first collection of poetry, Legender och visor (Legends and Songs) (1891), sparked an 1890s Swedish fashion for historical, particularly "medieval", literature. Unlike Heidenstam's and much other Swedish poetry of the 1890s, Legender och visor is free from Swedish nationalism, drawing on many European as well as Middle Eastern sources. This volume remains highly regarded today, though no longer widely read. Poems from it, including the ballad "Flores och Blanzeflor", remained set texts in Swedish schools into the 1970s.
In culture
Levertin is depicted as Olof Levini in Hjalmar Söderberg's 1912 novel The Serious Game (Swedish: Den Allvarsamma Leken).
Bibliography
Från Rivieran: skisser från Medelhavskusten (1883)
Småmynt (1883)
Konflikter: nya noveller (1885)
Pepitas bröllop (with Verner von Heidenstam) (1890)
Legender och visor (1891)
Diktare och drömmare (1898)
Rococo-noveller (1899)
Magistrarne i Österås (1900)
Svenska gestalter (1903)
Kung Salomo och Morolf (1905)
See also
Flores and Blancheflour
References
External links
Listen to a free MP3 recording of Wilhelm Stenhammars music to Levertins poem Vårnatt with Hemavans Sommarkör 2006.
1862 births
1906 deaths
People from Norrköping
Jewish Swedish writers
Writers from Östergötland
Swedish-language poets
Swedish male writers
Stockholm University faculty
19th-century poets
19th-century male writers |
44825779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Download%20Manager | Microsoft Download Manager | Microsoft Download Manager is a simple download manager for Windows that was published by Microsoft in 2011. It supports downloading files over HTTP and HTTPS and is usable in multiple languages. A Softpedia reviewer criticized the program, noting missing features compared to other download managers.
References
External links
Download managers
Windows-only freeware
Microsoft free software |
1165019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20P.%20Lamberton | Benjamin P. Lamberton | Benjamin Peffer Lamberton (February 25, 1844 – June 9, 1912) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy, who served in the Spanish–American War.
Biography
Benjamin Peffer Lamberton was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. He attended Carlisle High School and the Dickinson Preparatory School before spending three years as a member of the Dickinson College class of 1862. He was a Member of Belles Lettres Literary Society.
Having decided on a naval career Lamberton transferred to the Naval Academy, and was appointed midshipman on September 21, 1861. He graduated on November 22, 1864 in time to see active service on the America as it pursued the Confederate raiders and in 1864.
In 1865 he was attached to the steam sloop of the Brazil Squadron, then in the steam-sloop in 1866–67, receiving promotion to ensign on November 1, 1866, and to master on December 1, 1866.
Lamberton served aboard the training ship in 1867–69, being commissioned as lieutenant on March 12, 1867. He served with the rank of lieutenant commander from December 18, 1868, to June 2, 1885, when he was promoted to commander and assigned to the Lighthouse Board in Charleston as an inspector.
In 1898 Lamberton was ordered to command of the protected cruiser on the Asiatic Squadron, but upon arrival in Hong Kong was appointed chief of staff on board Admiral George Dewey's flagship .
He saw action the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. An incident during the heat of the battle demonstrated the ardor of Olympia's crew. On learning of Dewey's decision to give the crew a break for breakfast, a gun captain commented to Captain Lamberton, "For God's sake, Captain, don’t let us stop now. To hell with breakfast!"
Lamberton was promoted to captain on May 17, 1898, and took command of the Olympia.
Promoted to rear admiral on September 11, 1903, he commanded the South Atlantic Squadron. His final post was as chairman of the Lighthouse Board from which he retired on his sixty-second birthday in 1906.
Lamberton died on June 9, 1912, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Personal life
Benjamin Peffer Lamberton married Elizabeth Stedman in February 1873 in Boston, Massachusetts, and had three children. He lived in Washington, D.C. during his retirement, enjoying duck hunting and fishing with his friend President Grover Cleveland.
Namesake
The destroyer , launched on 30 March 1918, was named after him.
References
1844 births
1912 deaths
Union Navy officers
United States Navy personnel of the Spanish–American War
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Navy admirals
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery |
21390908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9amus%20Keely | Séamus Keely | Séamus P. Keely (28 December 1889 – 20 March 1974) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway constituency at the 1933 general election. He did not contest the 1937 general election.
References
1889 births
1974 deaths
Fianna Fáil TDs
Members of the 8th Dáil
Politicians from County Galway |
34025484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%20Much%20More | So Much More | So Much More may refer to:
"So Much More" (song), a single released by American rapper Fat Joe from his 2005 album All or Nothing
So Much More (Brett Dennen album), a 2006 album by American singer-songwriter Brett Dennen
So Much More (Judith Durham album), a 2018 album by Australian Judith Durham |
17204771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20House%20%28Oslo%29 | Television House (Oslo) | The Television House (in Norwegian, Fjernsynshuset) is one of the main buildings at the NRK headquarters at Marienlyst in Oslo. The other main building is the Broadcasting House.
The house is designed by Nils Holter and Jan Bauck which was opened in 1969.
It is the seat of all central news production, including Dagsrevyen (TV), Dagsnytt (radio), NRK Alltid nyheter (radio) as well as online news services.
NRK
Buildings and structures in Oslo
1969 establishments in Norway
Buildings and structures completed in 1969 |
39547615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus%20Fagerudd | Markus Fagerudd | Markus Simon Fagerudd (born 1 June 1961) is a Finnish composer.
Fagerudd was born in Jakobstad, Finland. In the 1980s, he studied composition at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki under Olli Kortekangas and Kalevi Aho, while working as a musician and composer at the KOM-Theatre. He studied at the Karlsruhe Music Academy from 1993 to 1994 under Wolfgang Rihm. He was composer in residence with the Lappeenranta City Orchestra, and since 1997 he has been the composer in residence with the Vaasa City Orchestra.
Fagerudd's varied musical output includes works for solo instruments, chamber and symphony orchestras, and choirs. His best-known works include his children's operas commissioned by the Finnish National Opera and the Savonlinna Opera Festival: Gaia; Strawhat, Feltslipper and the Big Bang ("Heinähattu, Vilttitossu ja suuri pamaus"); and The Seven Dog Brothers ("Seitsemän koiraveljestä").
External links
Fimic.fi: Finnish Music Information: Fagerudd.
Uusinta Publishing Company: Works by Fagerudd, with photo and brief biography.
Vaasa City Orchestra website.
1961 births
Finnish composers
Finnish male composers
Living people
Finnish opera composers
Male opera composers |
28248344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopkins%20Consulting%20Agency | Hopkins Consulting Agency | Hopkins Consulting Agency (HCA), formerly known as "Hopkins Technology Commercialization Agency" (HTCA), is an entirely student-run non-profit business and technology consulting company based at the Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus. HCA was founded in 2006 and provides technology commercialization services and business plan preparation services to universities, federal research labs, engineering firms, and independent entrepreneurs and inventors.
History
HCA was founded in 2006 by Alex Nisichenko, Johns Hopkins University 2007. The company was founded as Hopkins Technology Commercialization Agency (HTCA) and focused on preparing technology commercialization assessment reports for universities, federal research labs, and small engineering firms. At the time, the company was the nation's first entirely student-run technology commercialization agency.
In 2008, under the leadership of former Enterprise Manager Riaz Virani the company began broadening its services to include business consulting and business plan preparation. In 2009, former Enterprise Manager Kieran Gupta continued to diversify the company's services and successfully re-branded the company as Hopkins Consulting Agency (HCA) to better represent the broad set of services now offered by the company. As a result of this diversification, by the middle of 2010 approximately half of HCA's business was in the form of business consulting and business plan preparation.
Company Structure
Hopkins Consulting Agency is directly affiliated with and owned by Johns Hopkins University. The parent company is Hopkins Student Enterprises (HSE), a student group that resides within the Center for Leadership Education (CLE), a department under the Whiting School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins University.
Services
Hopkins Consulting Agency has two primary service offerings:
1. Technology Commercialization Assessment Reports
Comprehensive research and consulting reports designed to assist research labs, engineering firms, and private inventors make informed decisions about their intellectual property.
2. Business Plans
Complete reports for small businesses and entrepreneurs that can be used to support an existing company or assist in the acquisition of startup funding and grants.
HCA differentiates itself by providing a high-level of personalization and customization in its reports through constant communication with the client throughout the report-writing process. In addition, because the company maintains very low overhead costs and a full team of student employees, HCA has significantly lower expenses than other consulting firms and can thus charge clients at a steep discount rate.
Board of directors
Although Hopkins Consulting Agency is autonomously managed and operated by students, the company has a Board of Directors composed of full-time faculty and staff of The Johns Hopkins University. The primary function of the Board of Directors is to oversee operations of the company and provide advice on company direction and development.
Pam Arrington - Academic Program Coordinator, Center for Leadership Education. Pam coordinates payroll for all company employees.
James Wells - Budget Analyst, Center for Leadership Education. James oversees the company budget and provides annual analysis reports detailing the current state of finances for the company.
Prof. Lawrence Aronhime - Senior Lecturer, Center for Leadership Education. Prof. Aronhime leverages his years of experience in the management industry to advise on company direction, business practices, and marketing.
Dr. Andrew Douglas - Vice Dean for Faculty, Whiting School of Engineering. Dr. Douglas helps to facilitate communications between the company and the Whiting School of Engineering.
Notable clients
The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI)
The Whiting School of Engineering (WSE)
The Applied Physics Laboratory (APL)
The United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC)
Himalayan Children's Charities (HCC)
Center for Educational Resources (CER) at Johns Hopkins
Past enterprise managers
The following students of the Johns Hopkins University have served as Enterprise Manager of Hopkins Consulting Agency.
References
External links
Official Company Website
HSE Parent Company Website
Johns Hopkins University |
13203110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damjan%20Trifkovi%C4%87 | Damjan Trifković | Damjan Trifković (born 22 July 1987) is a former Slovenian footballer who played as a midfielder.
References
External links
Player profile at NZS
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Slovenj Gradec
Slovenian footballers
Association football midfielders
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Slovenian Second League players
NK Rudar Velenje players
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005) players
Slovenia under-21 international footballers |
451307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamiashigara%2C%20Kanagawa | Minamiashigara, Kanagawa | is a city located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 40,947 and a population density of 530 persons per km². The total area of the city is .
Geography
Minamiashigara is located in the mountainous west of Kanagawa Prefecture, with most of the city located within either the Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park or the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.
Surrounding Municipalities
Kanagawa Prefecture
Odawara
Kaeisei
Yamakita
Hakone
Shizuoka Prefecture
Oyama
Climate
Minamiashigara has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Minamiashigara is 13.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2221 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.4 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.2 °C.
Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Minamiashigara peaked around the year 2000 and is now slowly declining.
History
The area that is now known as Minamiashigara was under control of the later Hōjō clan in the Sengoku period, and part of Odawara Domain during the Edo period.
After the Meiji Restoration, the establishment of the modern municipalities system created Minamiashigara, Fukusawa, Okamoto and Kitaashigara villages within Ashigarakami District, Kanagawa Prefecture. The development of the area was spurred by the opening of the Oyama Mountain Railway (present-day Izuhakone Railway Daiyūzan Line) on October 15, 1925. Minamiashigara was elevated in status to that of a town on April 1, 1940, and annexed neighboring Fukusawa, Okamoto and Kitaashigara villages in 1955. It was elevated to city status on April 1, 1972.
Government
Minamiashigara has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 16 members. Minamiashigara, collectively with the municipalities of Ashigarakami District, contributes one member to the Kanagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kanagawa 17th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
The economy of Minamiashigara is based on forestry and agriculture (primarily green tea and mikan). Fujifilm and Asahi Breweries have factories in Minamiashigara to make use of its abundant fresh water.
Education
Minamiashigara has six public elementary schools and three public middle schools operated by the city government. The city has one public high school operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education..
Transportation
Railway
Izuhakone Railway - Daiyūzan Line
- - - - -
Bus
Hakone Tozan Bus
(Shin-Matsuda Station) - Sekimoto (Daiyūzan Station) - Jizodo
Highway
Minamiashigara is not located on any national highway. Kanagawa Prefectural Route 74 provided the primary connection with neighboring Odawara and Kanagawa Prefectural Route 78 with the Ōi-Matsuda Interchange on the Tōmei Expressway
Sister City relations
- Tilburg, Netherlands, since June 4, 1989.
Local attractions
Saijoji Temple, one of many temples and shrines located in an old growth cedar forest.
Maruta no Mori, a park with hiking trails and camp grounds.
Niju Isseki no Mori (21st Century Forest), a park with hiking trails
Yuhi no Taki, a waterfall
Ashigara Pass
Noted people from Minamiashigara
Rina Uchiyama, actress
References
External links
Official Website
The Minamiashigaran
Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture |
62548441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20St%20Thomas%20%C3%A0%20Becket%2C%20Box | Church of St Thomas à Becket, Box | The Church of St. Thomas à Becket is the Church of England parish church of Box, Wiltshire, in south-west England. It is one of a number of churches named after Thomas Becket following his martyrdom. The church has 12th-century origins and was substantially remodelled in the 14th, 15th, 18th and 19th centuries. It is a Grade I listed building.
History and description
The church is adjacent to a ruined Roman villa. There was evidence of St Aldhelm working in the area and an Anglo-Saxon church was built, then replaced with a Norman church. There it was given the parish name of Ditchridge. Following the Norman Conquest, King William I gave the land and church to William De Ow. It was rebuilt in 1158–1169 using stone from the nearby Hazelbury quarry.
The church was at first dedicated to the Virgin Mary but following the martyrdom of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, a small chapel dedicated to him was constructed in 1190. As Box was on the pilgrims' route to the shrine of Becket at Canterbury Cathedral, by the end of the 13th century, the church had been rededicated to him. The chapel was renamed Hazelbury Chapel following the church's re-dedication.
The tower arches and north arcade are 14th-century, as are the two-storey vestry (which was perhaps a priest's house) and the rib vaulted chapel roof. In the 15th century, the tower was heightened and a bell installed; restoration in 1713 included the rebuilding of the chancel.
In 1831, due to the church being too small to meet demand, the Victorians enlarged it; the Bath architect John Pinch the Younger designed the south aisle. In 1896–7 Harold Brakspear carried out a renovation. A porch was added to the vestry, and inside the high pews were removed and lowered, along with the floor. Plaster was removed to reveal hidden memorials and 14th-century encaustic tiles in the chancel, which were also restored. Brakspear designed the reredos and installed the stone pulpit. The restoration cost £3,500 (£ in ). The Hazelbury Chapel was restored in 1926. In 1960, English Heritage granted the Church of St Thomas à Becket Grade I listed status.
Julian Orbach, extending Nikolaus Pevsner's description of the church, calls the north-east Hazelbury Chapel "highly unusual". He places the reredos in the east wall of the nave in the 13th century, comparing it to that of c.1240 at Salisbury Cathedral.
The octagonal font is 15th-century. The tower has four bells, one from the same century and another from the 16th. Ellacombe apparatus is fitted to allow them to be rung without a team of bell-ringers. The royal arms of Queen Anne are dated 1714. Monuments include a large garlanded urn and obelisk to Margaret Blow (died 1755), which Orbach calls "exceedingly charming" and states is attributed to the renowned sculptor Henry Cheere.
Churchyard and cemetery
Grave markers in the churchyard date to the seventeenth century. There are numerous mounds in which bodies were buried one atop the other; in keeping with medieval custom, these double burials were always on the south side of a church "as no-one wanted the shadow of the Church to fall on his grave". According to legend, a pyramidal tombstone in the churchyard was contrived to prevent the deceased's wife from dancing on his grave.
Burials in the churchyard slowed to a trickle after the opening of the Box cemetery in 1858. The 1857 cemetery chapel, rectangular in plan with a north-west needle spire, is described as "unusually elaborate Gothic" by Historic England; it has stonework in contrasting colours and highly carved window tracery. The lodge at the entrance to the cemetery is of the same date and in similar style.
Parish
At some point the benefice was united with Hazlebury and Ditteridge, although the parishes remain distinct. Today the parish is part of the Lidbrook Group, which also covers St John's church at Colerne.
Rev. I. W. W. Horlock, vicar, built Box House c.1810–1820 for his own use: a substantial three-storey house with a pair of Ionic columns in front of an arched front door, surrounded by gardens. His son Rev. H Horlock continued to use it as the vicarage until his retirement in 1874; the house and later extensions are now used as offices. A mid-19th century house on Church Lane, also with three storeys, was then bought and continues in use as the vicarage.
Notable burials
Sir Hugh Speke, 1st Baronet (1661)
Sir George Speke, 2nd Baronet (1683)
References
External links
Official website
Church of St Thomas
Grade I listed churches in Wiltshire
Church of England church buildings in Wiltshire
14th-century church buildings in England |
21873517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Yorke%20%28Conservative%20politician%29 | John Yorke (Conservative politician) | John Reginald Yorke (25 January 1836 – 2 March 1912) was an English landowner and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1864 and 1886.
Background and education
A member of the Yorke family headed by the Earl of Hardwicke, he was born in Marylebone, London, the son of Joseph Yorke, of Forthampton Court, Gloucestershire and his wife Frances Antonia, daughter of Reginald Pole-Carew. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford. Yorke was a second cousin of Charles Lyttleton, 5th Baron Lyttleton, whose mother dowager Lady Lyttelton referred to Yorke as "tall and magnificent and promising as ever".
Political career
Yorke was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Tewkesbury in 1864 but in 1868 representation for the seat was reduced to one member. He was elected MP for East Gloucestershire between 1872 and held the seat until it was abolished in 1885. He was then elected M.P. for Tewkesbury again in 1885 until 1886. He was a Justice of the Peace for Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, and in 1892 he was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant of Worcestershire and captain in the Tewkesbury Rifle Volunteers. He was also a Fellow of the Geological Society. Yorke died at the age of 76.
Family
Yorke married Augusta Emmiline Monteath Douglas at St Georges Hanover Square on 4 March 1862. They had a son but Augusta died on 19 February 1863. He married, secondly, to Sophia Matilda de Tuyll de Serooskerken, daughter of Baron Vincent de Tuyll de Serooskerken, on 11 January 1868 and they had four children. His son Vincent Wodehouse Yorke was the father of Henry Vincent Yorke, better known as the novelist Henry Green. Another son, Ralph Maximilian Yorke, reached the rank of brigadier-general during the First World War.
References
External links
1836 births
1912 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
UK MPs 1868–1874
UK MPs 1874–1880
UK MPs 1880–1885
UK MPs 1885–1886
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
John
High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire
Deputy Lieutenants of Worcestershire
English landowners
19th-century British businesspeople |
26549763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetsuo%20Nakanishi | Tetsuo Nakanishi | is a former Japanese football player. He currently works on television as a football commentator.
Playing career
Nakanishi was born in Nagoya on 8 September 1969. After graduating from Doshisha University, he joined his local club Nagoya Grampus Eight in 1992. He played many matches as midfielder from first season. Although he could hardly play in the match in 1993, he played many matches from 1994. The club also won the champions 1995 Emperor's Cup first major title in club history. In Asia, the club won the 2nd place 1996–97 Asian Cup Winners' Cup. At the final on 26 November 1996, he scored a goal. In 1997, he moved to Japan Football League club Kawasaki Frontale. He played in all matches as defender and defensive midfielder in 1997 and 1998. In 1998, the club won the 2nd place and was promoted to J2 League. In 1999, the club won the champions and was promoted to J1 League. However he lost regular position in 2000 and retired end of 2000 season.
Private life
In March 2007, Nakanishi is married to model and actress Fumina Hara. In January 2014, he announced divorce with Hara.
Club statistics
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Doshisha University alumni
Association football people from Aichi Prefecture
Japanese footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Japan Football League (1992–1998) players
Nagoya Grampus players
Kawasaki Frontale players
Association football defenders |
23157440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20VFL/AFL%20and%20AFL%20Women%27s%20players%20of%20Indigenous%20Australian%20descent | List of VFL/AFL and AFL Women's players of Indigenous Australian descent | Since the Victorian Football League (VFL), which is now known as the Australian Football League (AFL), was formed in 1897, there have been 178 known players of Indigenous Australian heritage that have played in a senior VFL/AFL match, and 11 known players of Indigenous descent have played in the AFL Women's since the inaugural season in 2017. A senior VFL/AFL or AFL Women's match is an Australian rules football match between two clubs that are, or have been in the past, members of the VFL/AFL or of the AFL Women's. A senior VFL/AFL or AFL Women's match is played under the laws of Australian football, and includes regular season matches, as well as finals series matches. It does not include pre-season matches, interstate matches or international rules football matches. The list is arranged in alphabetical order by surname.
The first recognised Indigenous Australian player to play in a senior VFL/AFL match was Joe Johnson who played 55 games for Fitzroy from 1904 to 1906, and was a member of Fitzroy's dual premiership-winning sides of 1904 and 1905. Gavin Wanganeen (Essendon and Port Adelaide) was the first Indigenous Australian player to play 300 games, and Shaun Burgoyne is the current record-holder of most games played by an Indigenous player with 407 games for Port Adelaide and Hawthorn from 2002 onwards.
There were a record number of Indigenous players on AFL lists during the 2009 AFL season with 82 senior and rookie-listed players listed with AFL clubs. This figure surpassed the previous record of 73 players set in the 2008 season.
The Fremantle Football Club initially under inaugural coach Gerard Neesham, have been big supporters of indigenous players. They have had 34 indigenous players represent their club in AFL matches, with 11 of the 2018 list of indigenous representation. They set records for the most number of indigenous players in AFL/VFL matches in 2003, with seven players, in an 83 point win over the Western Bulldogs and then again in Indigenous Round (Round 10) 2017 with eight players.
Players
Players are listed in alphabetical order, and statistics are for VFL/AFL or AFL Women's regular season and finals series matches only. "Career span" years are from the season of the player's debut in the VFL/AFL or AFL Women's to the year in which they played their final game in the VFL/AFL or AFL Women's and have since been removed from the playing list. Currently listed players are shaded in green and their career span is listed as "(year of debut)–present". Statistics are correct to the end of the 2011 AFL season and 2018 AFL Women's season.
Legend
Players named in the Indigenous Team of the Century are indicated by a # next to their name.
VFL/AFL
AFL Women's
See also
List of NRL players of Indigenous Australian descent
References
Indigenous Australian players
Women football |
8950546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echoencephalography | Echoencephalography | Echoencephalography is the detailing of interfaces in the brain by means of ultrasonic waves.
See also
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Tomography
Medical ultrasonography
Echocardiography, magnetocardiography (MCG), and electrocardiography (ECG or EKG), for diagnosing heart problems
References
Medical ultrasonography |
49767184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArsB%20and%20ArsAB%20transporters | ArsB and ArsAB transporters | Arsenite resistance (Ars) efflux pumps of bacteria may consist of two proteins, ArsB (TC# 2.A.45.1.1; the integral membrane constituent with twelve transmembrane spanners) and ArsA (TC# 3.A.4.1.1; the ATP-hydrolyzing, transport energizing subunit, as for the chromosomally-encoded E. coli system), or of one protein (just the ArsB integral membrane protein of the plasmid-encoded Staphylococcus system). ArsA proteins have two ATP binding domains and probably arose by a tandem gene duplication event. ArsB proteins all possess twelve transmembrane spanners and may also have arisen by a tandem gene duplication event. Structurally, the Ars pumps resemble ABC-type efflux pumps, but there is no significant sequence similarity between the Ars and ABC pumps. When only ArsB is present, the system operates by a pmf-dependent mechanism, and consequently belongs in TC subclass 2.A (i.e.,TC# 2.A.45). When ArsA is also present, ATP hydrolysis drives efflux, and consequently the system belongs in TC subclass 3.A (i.e., TC# 3.A.4). ArsB therefore appears twice in the TC system (ArsB and ArsAB) but ArsA appears only once. These pumps actively expel both arsenite and antimonite.
Homology
Homologues of ArsB are found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as cyanobacteria. Homologues are also found in archaea and eukarya. Several paralogues may sometimes be found in a single organism. Among the distant homologues found in eukaryotes are members of the DASS family (TC# 2.A.47) including the rat renal Na+:sulfate cotransporter (Q07782) and the human renal Na+:dicarboxylate cotransporter (gbU26209). ArsB proteins are therefore members of a superfamily (called the IT (ion transporter) superfamily). However, ArsB has uniquely gained the ability to function in conjunction with ArsA in order to couple ATP hydrolysis to anion efflux. ArsAB belongs to the ArsA ATPase Superfamily.
A unique member of the ArsB family is the rice silicon (silicate) efflux pump, Lsi2 (TC# 2.A.45.2.4). The silicon uptake systems, Lsi1 (TC# 1.A.8.12.2), and Lsi2 are expressed in roots, on the plasma membranes of cells in both the exodermis and the endodermis. In contrast to Lsi1, which is localized on the distal side, Lsi2 is localized on the proximal side of the same cells. Thus these cells have an influx transporter on one side and an efflux transporter on the other side of the cell to permit the effective transcellular transport of the nutrient.
ArsA proteins are homologous to nitrogenase iron (NifH) proteins 2 of bacteria and to protochlorophyllide reductase iron sulfur ATP-binding proteins of cyanobacteria, algae and plants.
Mechanism
ArsA homologues are found in bacteria, archaea and eukarya (both animals and plants), but there are far fewer of them in the databases than ArsB proteins, suggesting that many ArsB homologues function by a pmf-dependent mechanism, probably an arsenite:H+ antiport mechanism.
In the E. coli ArsAB transporter, both ArsA and ArsB recognize and bind their anionic substrates. A model has been proposed in which ArsA alternates between two virtually exclusive conformations. In one, (ArsA1) the A1 site is closed but the A2 site is open, but in the other (ArsA2) the opposite is true. Antimonite [Sb(III)] sequesters ArsA in the ArsA1 conformation which catalyzes ATP hydrolysis at A2 to drive ArsA between conformations that have high (nucleotide-bound ArsA) and low (nucleotide-free ArsA) affinity for antimonite. It is proposed that ArsA uses this process to sequester Sb(III) and eject it into the ArsB channel.
In the case of ArsAB, at the interface of these two halves are two nucleotide-binding domains and a metalloid-binding domain. Cys-113 and Cys-422 have been shown to form a high-affinity metalloid binding site. The crystal structure of ArsA shows two other bound metalloid atoms, one liganded to Cys-172 and His-453, and the other liganded to His-148 and Ser-420. There is only a single high-affinity metalloid binding site in ArsA. Cys-172 controls the affinity of this site for metalloid and hence the efficiency of metalloactivation of the ArsAB efflux pump.
Transport Reaction
The overall reaction catalyzed by ArsB (presumably by uniport) is:Arsenite or Antimonite (in) → Arsenite or Antimonite (out).The overall reaction catalyzed by ArsB-ArsA is:Arsenite or Antimonite (in) + ATP ⇌ Arsenite or Antimonite (out) + ADP + Pi.
See also
Arsenic toxicity
Arsenite
Antimonite
Ion transporter
Ion transporter superfamily
ARC3 family
Arsenite-Antimonite efflux
Arsenite-transporting ATPase
Solute carrier family
Active transport
ATP-binding cassette transporter
Transporter Classification Database
References
Further reading
Protein families
Solute carrier family |
63694348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCbsaamen | Rübsaamen | Rübsaamen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dieter Rübsaamen (born 1937), German artist
Ewald Heinrich Rübsaamen (1857–1919), German illustrator and entomologist
German-language surnames |
20325420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Cawthra | Mark Cawthra | Mark Cawthra (born 28 April 1961) is an English musician and record producer working in the UK. He was born in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire, England.
Biography
Mark Cawthra's first serious musical activity was in an early (unnamed) music project with schoolfriend Tim Smith (bass guitar) and David Philpot (keyboards), a band in which he was the drummer. The music, a mix of jazz and rock, drew inspiration from the "Canterbury" bands, particularly Egg.
After a period of playing drums with other musicians around Kingston upon Thames, he moved to North Yorkshire and lived there for the whole of 1978. He returned to London in 1979, following an invitation to join Tim and Jim Smith in Cardiac Arrest (replacing Peter Tagg on drums). Other members of the band at this time were Colvin Mayers (keyboards), (later to play with Adrian Borland in The Sound), and Mick Pugh (vocals). The Cardiac Arrest album The Obvious Identity was recorded at this time. Subsequently, he and Tim Smith recorded the band - now renamed Cardiacs - for a number of sessions in a small Surbiton studio. The results became the Cardiacs demo album Toy World.
Following a short period in 1982 in which he was Cardiacs' keyboard player and percussionist, he left the band, moved to Birmingham and briefly worked with two of the remaining members of the Birmingham band Dangerous Girls, following their split. The line-up, calling itself TAAGA, produced one single, "Friend of Mine", working with UB40 producer by Bob Lamb.
On returning to London, he worked for the remainder of the 1980s as crew member or live sound engineer, touring with several acts including Immaculate Fools, It's Immaterial, and Then Jerico. He was also Cardiacs front-of-house engineer at this time, and a member of the band Grown Ups with William D. Drake, Elaine Herman, Jon Bastable (The Trudy), Dominic Luckman and Craig Fortnam. Five tracks were recorded by this line-up but never released.
From 1988, his work was based in and around Leeds, culminating in the building of a 48-track facility, That Studio Where he worked with This et al. producing demo material prior to the release of their Baby Machine album, and with the North Sea Radio Orchestra, mixing their first two albums. The studio was closed down in 2007.
Today, his work is all studio-based, recording and mixing demos and masters in a new home facility in Leeds. Mixing credits include the Emmett Elvin albums "Bloody Marvels", "Assault On The Tyranny Of Reason" and "The End of Music", and the Gong album, Rejoice! I'm Dead!" working alongside Dave Sturt. His mastering credits in addition to the North Sea Radio Orchestra and Emmett Elvin albums, William D. Drake's second album, Briny Hooves, as well as releases by Local Girls, the post-Oceansize project British Theatre, Charlie Cawood, Knifeworld, and Khyam Allami's debut Resonance/Dissonance, the latter nominated for the 2012 Songlines music award.
He contributed a track and compiled and mastered Leader of the Starry Skies: A Tribute to Tim Smith, Songbook 1, an album produced to gain funds for Tim Smith and his ongoing care, and raise awareness of his work. His first solo project Redbus Noface album #1 If It Fights The Hammer It will Fight The Knife was released on Believer's Roast in 2011. He compiled and mastered the Believers Roast Exquisite Corpse Game, a collection of contiguous fragments by various artists each of whom has only heard the closing 20 seconds of the previous section. J. G. Thirlwell, Bob Drake, Weasel Walter, Max Tundra and Katherine Blake were among the contributors.
Discography
With Cardiac Arrest
The Obvious Identity cassette album (1980)
With Cardiacs
Toy World Cassette (1981)
The Seaside (1st Version and CD) Cassette/CD (1984) ALPH 001
Archive Cardiacs Cassette/CD (1989) ALPH 000
As Mark Cawthra
Songs by Cardiacs and Affectionate Friends - "Truth Be Told" CD (2001) ORG228
Leader Of The Starry Skies: A Tribute To Tim Smith, Songbook 1 - "Let Alone My Plastic Doll" CD (2010) Believers Roast
The Rising Of The Lights - William D Drake - "Me Fish Bring" CD (2011) Onomatopoeia
As Redbus Noface
Redbus Noface - If It Fights The Hammer It Will Fight The Knife CD (2011) Believers Roast
Redbus Noface - The Central Element - "Jack Blind Acid" CD (2012) Believers Roast
Redbus Noface - EP #1 Crumbs In The Deathbed (2021) Self-released
Other information
Mark's brother was the guitarist Gypie Mayo.
Cardiacs Rude Bootleg was recorded from the mixing desk by Mark on a cassette deck in the effects rack at the Reading Festival. The EQ settings on the mixing desk were left behind from the band who had played last on the night before, Saxon, and needed little alteration.
Cawthra may be seen briefly dancing to Cardiacs' "R.E.S" in the Seaside Treats video.
References
External links
Cardiacs homepage
1961 births
Living people
People from Bishop's Stortford
English record producers |
49259415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kle%C4%8De%20%28Ljubljana%29 | Kleče (Ljubljana) | Kleče (; ) is a formerly independent settlement in the northern part of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Geography
Kleče is a ribbon village along the road from Savlje to Šentvid, with most of the houses on the north side of the road. Restrictions were placed on new construction due to the presence of a pumping station near the village in a grove of pines. The soil in the area is sandy, and there are tilled fields extending from the settlement to the north and south. As the land approaches the Sava River it becomes wooded, primarily with hornbeam and oak.
Name
Kleče was attested in historical sources as Cletschach in 1359 and 1444 (and as Cleczach in 1363 and Kletsch in 1458, among other spellings). It is one of several settlements that share this name, all of which lie along rivers. The name is ultimately derived from the common noun kleč 'gravel deposit covered with shallow soil', referring to the local geography. The feminine plural form is a result of reanalysis of a demonym derived from the common noun.
History
Construction of the pumping station for the Ljubljana water system began in Kleče in 1888 and was completed in 1890. During the Second World War, the Italian–German border ran along the main road, separating Kleče from neighboring Savlje. Later, the border was shifted to fields to the north. Kleče was annexed by Ljubljana in 1974, ending its existence as a separate village. Kleče has largely retained its rural character today, although urbanization is increasing in the settlement.
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage in Kleče includes the following:
The house at Kleče no. 22 was a large two-story structure with a symmetrical double-pitched roof. The year 1895 was carved above the entrance, which was somewhat recessed. The side facing the yard had a partial ground-floor arcade, and the structure once served as the Urh Inn (). It stood in the center of Kleče facing the main road.
The village center of Kleče is registered as cultural heritage. It preserves a ribbon settlement layout aligned with the terrace of the Sava River, and with buildings following the perpendicular property divisions.
A form of quintain known as štehvanje was introduced to Kleče and neighboring villages in 1935. This Slovenian competition originates from the Gail Valley, and the event is held in June.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Kleče include:
Jakob "Jaka" Avšič (1896–1978), communist politician
References
External links
Kleče on Geopedia
Localities of the Posavje District, Ljubljana
Former settlements in Slovenia
Ljubljana Posavje |
9758423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taunus%20Railway%20%28High%20Taunus%29 | Taunus Railway (High Taunus) | The Taunus Railway in the High Taunus (German: Taunusbahn (Hochtaunus)) is a railway route between Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof and Brandoberndorf via Bad Homburg, Usingen and Grävenwiesbach. It was operated from 1993 to 1995 by the Frankfurter Verkehrsverbund (Frankfurt transport association, FVV) as the T-Bahn and subsequently by the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (Rhine-Main transport association, RMV) as line 15 (RB 15). It is listed in table 637 of the Deutsche Bahn timetable. The Friedrichsdorf–Brandoberndorf line, which has the infrastructure number of 9374, forms part of the old Friedrichsdorf–Wetzlar line, which was known as the Taunusbahn. The line is owned by the Verkehrsverband Hochtaunus (High Taunus transport association, VHT). The infrastructure is managed by HLB Basis AG on behalf of the VHT.
Operations
The Taunus Railway is one of three S-Bahn-like suburban lines to the west of Frankfurt, which are operated by Hessischen Landesbahn GmbH (HLB) through its subsidiary HLB Hessenbahn GmbH. All stations have platform displays installed, which notify the next train.
975,000 train-kilometres per year are operated over the line, which can be operated over at up to .
Rolling stock
The rolling stock used are LHB VT 2E diesel multiple units, which were modernised in 2006/2007. Eleven DMUs procured specifically for the Taunus Railway by the VHT were procured together with nine DMUs of the HLB to be used on the lines to Königstein and Bad Soden. Since the 2006 timetable change, they have been supported by ten LINT 41/H sets. From their procurement in 1994/1995 to their replacement by LINT sets, the Taunus Railway was also served by class 628 sets and two class 629 railcars.
Rail services
Services on the Taunus Railway operate every half hour on weekdays. In addition, four or five additional train pairs operate in the morning and afternoon peaks from Monday to Friday; these operate to/from Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof and, for operational reasons, run predominantly to/from Königstein. About every second train ends in Grävenwiesbach, while Brandoberndorf is served every hour. On Saturday, apart from a break in the morning, there is also a service every half hour between Grävenwiesbach and Bad Homburg until about 4 pm; and on Sundays there is an hourly service over the whole route. The timetable is designed so that the trains that end in Bad Homburg always has a connection to S-Bahn line S 5 to/from Frankfurt.
The towns and district that are away from the line are connected to the Taunus Railway by bus services that are commissioned by the VHT.
Route
The line consists of part of the former Deutsche Bundesbahn Frankfurt–Wetzlar (Solmsbach Valley Railway) and Frankfurt–Weilburg (Weil Valley Railway) lines, which were closed by Deutsche Bundesbahn beyond Grävenwiesbach. Today services on the Taunus Railway run on the extension of the Homburg Railway to Friedrichsdorf, which they share with the S5 services. They continue to Brandoberndorf over the single-track and non-electrified line, which is the property of the Verkehrsverband Hochtaunus.
In the peak hour, trains start and end every hour at Frankfurt Hbf. In contrast to the S5, the trains do not stop underground, but on the above-ground long-distance tracks. While the S5 services turn to run on the Homburg Railway immediately north of Frankfurt West station, the Taunus Railway service (the RB 15) first runs on the regional tracks towards Frankfurt-Höchst (Taunus Railway) and then curves on the Rebstock lands on a connecting curve (Rebstockkurve) of the former Bad Nauheim–Wiesbaden railway (Bäderbahn) to join the route of the S5 shortly before Rödelheim station. It follows the S5 service with only two stops in Rödelheim and Oberursel to Bad Homburg
The regular interval services start In Bad Homburg. After Seulberg, where the Taunus Railway services to and from Frankfurt mostly do not stop, the Taunus Railway reaches Friedrichsdorf, the terminus of the RB 16 and the S5 services. This is the start of a moderate climb past the former Industrial siding from Rühl Chemie and the Tettauer glassworks to the first crossing station at Köppern, which has a short loading track next to the platform tracks. The line passes through the main ridge of the Taunus in the Köppern valley, following the Erlenbach, and passes through Saalburg station, which was designated as Saalburg/Lochmühle from 1993 to 2008, and the Limes. An uphill section begins after Wehrheim station, which also has a loading track. Over the hill, after passing an old brickyard (which once have a siding), a curved section leads to Neu-Anspach, which was the only station that had been reduced to a halt (Haltepunkt, that is, has no sets of points) before the modernisation of the line. It was re-equipped with points in 1992. Just under a kilometre further is the halt of Hausen.
A long run through open fields leads to Usingen, where the line's central signal box is located and trains are stored, assembled, disassembled and refueled. This was formerly the location of the loading station of the 4 km-long narrow-gauge railway to a geyserite works (now Bremthaler Quarzitwerk) and a siding from Raiffeisen Waren-Zentrale Rhein-Main (an agricultural cooperative). The section with the steepest grade (up to 2.147%) begins there; Wilhelmsdorf station, which is at the end of it, is a good 390 metres above sea level. A narrow gauge railway branched off here against the direction of travel to Merzhausen military airfield (now used for the Erdfunkstelle Usingen, Usingen earth station). After another slight climb past the junction of the BGS camp, the line reaches its high point at the edge of the forest. From there it goes to Grävenwiesbach, where some trains can be stored, and down around a loop to Hundstadt.
The continuation of the line, on the route of the original Solmsbach Valley Railway (Solmsbachtalbahn), climbs past the former Jägerhaus timber loading point, which was used in freight operations from 1913 to 1985 and for passenger traffic from 1954 to 1981, and immediately afterwards passes through the Hasselborn Tunnel, which passes through the border into the Lahn-Dill-Kreis. The 1,300 m-long tunnel lies on a slight incline and is almost straight. During the war, it was originally supposed to be used for the safe storage of the special trains of Adolf Hitler while he was in the nearby Adlerhorst. Due to the increasing air raids on Frankfurt around 1941, the VDM copper works at Heddernheim shifted parts of the war production here and used forced labourers, which is commemorated on a plaque near the south portal. Shortly after the end of the tunnel is the new halt of Hasselborn which was moved from the old station about 100 metres closer to the village in 1999. Behind it, the line continues descending, until the final station is finally reached in Brandoberndorf, which is in the municipality of Waldsolms. It is located a few metres south of the old station. There are two unused sidings in the station area.
The stations of Köppern, Saalburg, Wehrheim, Neu-Anspach, Usingen and Wilhelmsdorf on the single-track section have two platform tracks, which are protected on both sides by exit signals, and allow trains to cross; Grävenwiesbach has three tracks. These passing loops mean that the line has significant capacity. There is no crossing loop on the section between Grävenwiesbach and Brandoberndorf.
History
On 15 October 1895, the Usingen Railway (Usinger Bahn) was opened as an extension of the Homburg Railway, which had opened in 1860. From 1 June 1909, it was extended via a zig zag in Grävenwiesbach to the Lahn valley at Weilburg. The Solmsbach Valley Railway (Solmsbachtalbahn) was opened to Albshausen on 1 November 1912. Initially a junction station, Bad Homburg Neu, was built in Bad Homburg; this was located some distance from the former terminus of the line from Frankfurt. Both stations in Bad Homburg were replaced by a central station on 26 October 1907, making possible the uninterrupted operation of trains from the Main to the Lahn for the first time. The Homburg Railway was also extended via Friedrichsdorf to Friedberg and later double-tracked. In the process the beginning of the Usingen Railway was moved from Bad Homburg to Friedrichsdorf.
On the evening of 4 October 1944, train no. 2021 from Frankfurt to Usingen was strafed shortly before the entrance to Köppern and 31 people died.
The Weil Valley Railway has not been used since 27 September 1969. Passenger traffic on the Solms Valley Railway was also discontinued on 31 May 1985.
In 1988, a special association of 13 towns, municipalities and the Hochtaunus district founded the Verkehrsverband Hochtaunus (High Taunus transport association, VHT). The line from Grävenwiesbach to Friedrichsdorf (a station now served by the S-Bahn) was still open but threatened with closure, but it was taken over by the VHT in 1989. This was followed by an extensive modernisation of the signaling technology and of the stations over 18 months. The formerly parallel bus service was converted into a feeder route.
The former stations of Saalburg and Neu-Anspach, which had been reduced to halts had their sidings restored. Deutsche Bundesbahn initially continued operations. Since 27 September 1992, through tickets have been issued in the transport association's area in consultation with the Frankfurter Verkehrsverbund (Frankfurt transport association). On 26 September 1993, the Frankfurt-Königsteiner Eisenbahn AG (Frankfurt-Königstein Railway Company, FKE, then a subsidiary of HLB) took over the management of the line on behalf of the transport association and the line was also leased to the FKE. The Taunus Railway trains then ran from Bad Homburg and some ran from Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof in the peak. In contrast to practice in DB and FVV times, services on the Homburg Railway started and ended in Friedrichsdorf and no regular services still continued on the Taunus Railway.
The T-Bahn of the FVV was transferred on 26 May 1995 to the newly founded Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV) and received the regional route number of 15 with services at 30-minute intervals.
Because of the great success of the new method of operation, the section to Brandoberndorf was reactivated by the VHT and the Verkehrsverbund Lahn Dill (Lahn Dill transport association, VLD) on 15 November 1999. In 1996, the Lahn-Dill-Kreis acquired the route of the eight-kilometre-long railway line between Brandoberndorf and Grävenwiesbach from DB AG and transferred it to the VHT. The Hasselborn Tunnel, which the section of line passes through, was still in an exceptional condition. The signalling was brought up to date and later renovated again. The low speed limit in the tunnel was raised in 2007.
In March 2006, the FKE transferred normal operations to the HLB subsidiary HLB Hessenbahn GmbH. Under the 2006/2007 timetable change, commencing in December 2006, services were cut on many routes due to cuts in local public transport funding, but the Taunus Railway was the only RMV line to gain services.
Following planning in 2005, the platforms of the stations from Köppern to Usingen were extended in the autumn of 2006 in order to enable the operation of trains made up of four VT 2E railcars or three LINT 41 railcars. In November 2007, train destination indicators were installed along the whole line. At the change of timetable on 9 December 2007, the control system was integrated with the signal boxes to clearly indicate departure times and any delays. In February 2008, regular operations were started.
Prior to its modernisation, traffic was forecast to increase from then 1,500 in 1989 to 4,000 passengers per day. 7,000 passengers were counted each day in 1995, 8,000 in 1998, 9,300 in 2005 and 11,000 in 2012.
Freight operations were taken over by DB AG in 1994. The operation were initially operated by a locomotive of the Butzbach-Licher Eisenbahn (BLE), but were later taken over by DB. It was operated ever more rarely and with the abandonment of standard freight rates on 5 November 2000, individual freight movements as required are unusual.
Prospects
An upgrade of the line to provide better connections is discussed regularly. The current considerations and investigations envisage the electrification of the line to Usingen at the end of 2022 and the extension of S-Bahn line S5 services over this section. This would allow the existing class 423 sets would be used—which would create no additional costs—but new vehicles would need to be procured for electrical operations to Grävenwiesbach. This would have to be done before the start of the upcoming call for tenders for the operation of rail services. However, municipal committees and parties have demanded the electrification of the line beyond Usingen to Grävenwiesbach and Brandoberndorf, which would make its implementation uncertain.
On 18 May 2015, the district council of the Hochtaunuskreis unanimously voted to commission the Hochtaunus transport association to carry out the electrification of the Taunus Railway for the conversion to electrical operations at the timetable change in December 2019. In negotiations with the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund a few points were to be ensured in relation to the operation of the Taunus Railway. These were designed for the long-term protection of the line, in particular the section beyond Usingen (including its possible later electrification), the maintenance of the through trains to and from Frankfurt, barrier-free interchange in Usingen and a coordinated operating concept including feeder buses. In mid-February, a cooperation agreement between the Verkehrsverband Hochtaunus and the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund was concluded, after which the RMV promised to bear half of the planning costs of €4 million. The planning approval procedure would be initiated (according to the assessment at that time) in 2017 and the construction work would begin at the earliest in 2018. Accordingly, the original target date for the changeover to electric operations at the change to the 2019 timetable could not be met. The changeover would occur at the earliest at the timetable change in December 2020 with the introduction of operations under a new contract for the Taunus-Netzes (Taunus network). The feasibility of extending electric operations to Grävenwiesbach would be examined.
A further delay has arisen as a second cost-benefit analysis had to be carried out for the electrification to Grävenwiesbach, which was planned as a second stage. Therefore, the planning approval procedure for the electrification to Usingen will start in 2018. Accordingly, the Verkehrsverband Hochtaunus, as the owner of the line, had not yet announced the approval of the electrification works as of mid-2017. Electrical operations can therefore be started at the earliest at the timetable change in December 2022.
Extensive renovation of the Hasselborn tunnel is required for the extension of electrification to Brandoberndorf. The exact cost was expected to be known in May 2015. In November it was announced that the Rhine-Main Transport Association, the Hochtaunuskreis and the Lahn-Dill had agreed on the work. The RMV agreed to assume a 70% share of the €10 million costs. The rehabilitation is also only possible after the municipality of Waldsolms approved funding for an alternative drinking water supply for the district of Hasselborn (instead of water collected from leakage into the tunnel). Work was scheduled to start around the clock from the start of the summer 2016 holidays until the end of the autumn holidays in a multi-shift operation. On 31 October 2016, the work was completed after four months and the tunnel was reopened for traffic. In this work, 23 of 161 blocks (about 194 metres) of the tunnel were rehabilitated and the remaining blocks are to be rehabilitated in various stages of construction until 2021. The cost of the current construction stage amounts to €3.3 million and the entire renovation of the tunnel is currently estimated to cost about €10 million.
At the beginning of November 2014, it was announced that the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund and Alstom had agreed to use new railcars with fuel cell propulsion (iLINT) on the lines of the Taunus network (12, 13, 15 and 21) from 2018 at the earliest. In the case of the Taunus Railway, the possible electrification would not be affected.
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Website of the operator, Hessische Landesbahn GmbH
Taunusbahn
Taunus
Railway lines opened in 1895
1895 establishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Hochtaunuskreis |
50253684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia%20ferocior | Acacia ferocior | Acacia ferocior is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae that is endemic to an area along the south coast of Western Australia.
The spiny shrub typically grows to a height of and a diameter of around and it can have a rigid semi-prostrate to erect compact or spreading habit. The green, short, straight, erect, spinescent, green branches can be glabrous or slightly hairy. The green linear to asymmetrically oblanceolate shaped phyllodes have a length of and width of . It produces yellow flowers from August to October. The rudimentary inflorescences occur singly with spherical flower-heads have a diameter of and contain six to nine golden to lemon yellow flowers. The seed pods that form after flowering are coiled with a length of about and a width of which contain shiny black seeds with an ovate shape.
It is native to an area along the south coast in the Goldfields-Esperance and Great Southern regions of Western Australia extending from Albany in the south west to Tambellup in the north west through to Ravensthorpe in the east where it grows in sandy-loam to clay soils as a part of mallee scrubland communities.
See also
List of Acacia species
References
ferocior
Acacias of Western Australia
Taxa named by Joseph Maiden
Plants described in 1920 |
41687427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessungen | Bessungen | Bessungen is a district in the South of the city of Darmstadt in Hesse.
History
Until 1888, Bessungen was an independent municipality. The reputation as the oldest part of Darmstadt goes back to Bessungen being first mentioned in 1002. In fact, Bessungen was probably founded by the Alamanni in the 5th century.
Geography
The first foothills of the Odenwald in the south-east result in quite hilly terrain. The Saubachgraben forms the southern boundary of the district. East of Nieder-Ramstädter Straße are the Darmstadt Ostwald and the Lichtwiese, where a campus of the TU Darmstadt is located. To the west to the Heimstättensiedlung and to the north to the city center, the terrain becomes flatter, since these parts of the city are already in the Upper Rhine Plain.
Key features
The last surviving rural courtyard structures sometimes directly meet high and dense block developments from the 19th and 20th centuries. The church forms the core of the village development that stretches along Ludwigshöhstrasse and Niederstrasse. Stately residential buildings from the Wilhelminian period can be found on Heidelberger Strasse and Moosbergstrasse. Bessungen also includes the Paulusviertel to the east. East of the Paulusviertel, bordering the city limits, are the Old Darmstadt Cemetery, the Lichtwiese campus of the Technical University of Darmstadt and extensive sports facilities at the Böllenfalltor. In the west, at Donnersbergring, the change from block to line structure of the 1950s indicates the end of the Bessunger core area. In the north, Bessungen borders on the city center of Darmstadt. The Heidelberger Landstraße leads south to Eberstadt. The Orangerie and the Prinz-Emil-Garten are two of the bigger parks in Bessungen. The Prinz-Emil-Garten is located in the middle of the district, its features include a little pond and the Prinz-Emil-Palais on a hill. The hill is frequented by locals for sledding in the winter and sunbathing in the summer.
History
Archaeological finds indicate that Bessungen was founded in the 4th or 5th century at the latest. The part of the name "-ingen" or "-ungen" points to an Alemannic origin of the settlement. The name is to be interpreted as "among the people of Bezzo", whereby Bezzo (modified form of Bernhard) is probably an Alemannic noble whose followers settled in that village. Medieval Bessungen developed at the crossroads of old Roman roads.
Bessungen was first mentioned in a document on June 10, 1002: In a document by Emperor Henry II, Bessungen (old: Bezcingon), then belonging to the royal court of Gerau, was granted to the diocese of Worms, in 1009 to the diocese of Bamberg and finally on 21 June 1013 to the Diocese of Würzburg.
In 1479, Bessungen was inherited by the Landgraviate of Hesse.
Bessungen barely survived the Thirty Years' War, and in 1646 it only had 30 inhabitants. In January 1935, the city was almost completely burned down by French troops. The surviving inhabitants fled behind the city walls of Darmstadt, where many fell victim to the plague. Only with the increasing importance of the neighboring Darmstadt did Bessungen experience a certain boom at the beginning of the 18th century.
The village grew as court officials and servants moved in. At the beginning of the 19th century, Darmstadt became the center of the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, which led to a major expansion of the city area. By 1875 at the latest, Darmstadt and Bessungen had finally grown together.
On April 1, 1888, after lengthy negotiations, Bessungen was incorporated into Darmstadt. Bessungen was largely spared from the bombings of World War II.
Bessungen does not have its own local council. All matters relating to the district are dealt with in the city parliament and magistrate of the city of Darmstadt. However, all major parties have local chapters.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms shows the Sacrificial tripod, a court seat, in front of a yellow background.
Orangerie
The Orangery was built from 1719 to 1721 by the architect Louis Remy de la Fosse. The small palace, which temporarily served as a theater after World War II, was originally a winter shelter for the orange trees in the park. Today the building is used for concerts and conferences. The adjoining park was designed by court gardener Johann Kaspar Ehret. The baroque complex is arranged symmetrically and consists of lawns, fountains and avenues. Even today, the tropical fruits can still be admired in summer.
Trams and buses
Darmstadt started in 1886 with a steam tram system, that later evolved (with a short period of also including trolleybuses from 1944 to 1963) into a 36.2 km network by 2001. Darmstadt had not scrapped this comparatively extensive network after World War II as many other cities did, though some links were decommissioned in the 1960s and 1970s and replaced by bus lines of which the city also has an extensive network.
Tram Lines 6,7, and 8 service Darmstadt-Arheilgen. The central nodal point of the Darmstadt tramway network is the Luisenplatz in the city center of Darmstadt.
Boroughs of Darmstadt
Darmstadt has 9 official 'Stadtteile' (boroughs). These are, alphabetically:
Darmstadt-Arheilgen
Darmstadt-Bessungen
Darmstadt-Eberstadt
Darmstadt-Kranichstein
Darmstadt-Mitte ('Central')
Darmstadt-Nord ('North')
Darmstadt-Ost ('East')
Darmstadt-West ('West')
Darmstadt-Wixhausen
References
External links
Official website of the city of Darmstadt (German and parts in English)
Map of the City of Darmstadt, with bus and tram stops
Darmstadt |
13651741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haw%20River%20Trail | Haw River Trail | The Haw River Trail is a long multi-use trail currently being built through the North Carolina Piedmont. The trail follows the path of the Haw River from Haw River State Park on the Rockingham/Guilford County line to Jordan Lake State Recreation Area.
Land trail
About 20 miles of surface trails for hiking, mountain biking, birdwatching, nature lovers, and horse riding are currently open to the public along the Haw River Trail in locations including Haw River State Park, Swepsonville River Park, Glencoe, and Sellers Falls. Additional trails are expected to be built in order to complete the planned 70 mile trail.
The land trail will follow the Haw River across Alamance from where it enters near Altamahaw, then around Burlington and Graham, through Swepsonville, and past Saxapahaw.
For over a third of the stretch of the Haw River Trail, from Haw River State Park to the confluence with Cane Creek in Alamance County, it will combine with the North Carolina Mountains-to-Sea Trail (MST). The MST begins at Clingmans Dome on the State’s western border and terminates at Jockey's Ridge on the Outer Banks.
Swepsonville had the honor of being first trail segment designated. Mayor Herring received a call from the MST meeting participants, as they had just voted to reroute the trail through his town. He put in the first request for MST designation, and the town park became the first on the Haw River with a MST designation in 2008, with the help of the State Trails Coordinator, Darrell McBane.
Paddle trail
The Haw River Paddle Trail is a part of the Haw River Trail providing access for canoeing and kayaking. The paddle trail has 10 access sites in Alamance County to include Altamahaw Ossipee, Shallow Ford Natural Area, Indian Valley Golf Club, Glencoe Paddle Access, Great Alamanace Creek on Hwy 87, Graham Paddle Access/Hwy 54, Saxapahaw Lake, Greensboro-Chapel Hill Road, and 4 accesses in Chatham County and 4 in Guilford County. Formal accesses are regularly maintained and patrolled and provide paddlers with the assurance that public access rights have been legally secured. Informal access sites are those that have been traditionally used by paddlers.
Conservation efforts
The Haw River Trail attempts to combine recreation and conservation goals into one effort. The Haw River Trail Partnership promotes the idea that the Haw River Trail boosts conservation efforts by increasing public awareness for the river and building a consensus for conservation. Simultaneously, the conservation work on the Haw River provides a protected landscape for the Haw River Trail. As of November, 2008, the HRT Partnership has conserved over of riverside property and of riverbank since 2006. In 2006, an innovative agreement was reached between 10 governmental agencies, referred to as a Memorandum of Understanding, in which the organizations agreed to work together for the development of the Haw River Trail and the conservation of its land and waters. A coordinator position is also funded by the cities of Burlington and Graham, as Alamance County to further conservation and recreation efforts on the Haw River.
References
External links
The Haw River Land, Paddle and Conservation Trail
The Haw River Trail
Friends of the Mountain to Sea Trail
Protected areas of Alamance County, North Carolina
Protected areas of Chatham County, North Carolina
Protected areas of Guilford County, North Carolina
Hiking trails in North Carolina
Protected areas of Orange County, North Carolina
Protected areas of Rockingham County, North Carolina |
2101547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques | Jacques | Ancient and noble French family names, Jacq, Jacques, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related to the surname by the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland.
Origins
The origin of this surname ultimately originates from the Latin, Jacobus which belongs to an unknown progenitor. Jacobus comes from the Hebrew name, Yaakov, which translates as "one who follows" or "to follow after".
Ancient history
A French knight returning from the Crusades in the Holy Lands probably adopted the surname from "Saint Jacques" (or "James the Greater"). James the Greater was one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles, and is believed to be the first martyred apostle. Being endowed with this surname was an honor at the time and it is likely that the Church allowed it because of acts during the Crusades. Indeed, at this time, the use of biblical, Christian, or Hebrew names and surnames became very popular, and entered the European lexicon.
Robert J., a Knight Crusader in 1248, was the first documented use of the surname. Since then, several personalities who have glorified this surname: Guillaume, secretary of the Duke and auditor of the account in 1413; Thomas, the Archdeacon of Penthievre, the Prior of Pirmil, the Bishop of Leon in 1478, transferred to Dol in 1482, the ambassador of the duke to the Pope in 1486, who died in 1503, and is interred in his cathedral; Jean, the Canon of Dol and Prior of Lehon; François, Lord of the Ville-Carré, and the Provost Marshal in 1577; and Captain of Ploërmel, who prospered in Rennes in 1621; Bernard, a Rennes counsellor in 1653. The widespread use of surnames was not evident in Europe until the mid-to-late 16th century, and prior usage was restricted to the noble class.
Spread of surname use into the UK and its spelling variations
The use of surnames reached England during the conquest by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French soldiers under William the Conqueror. The names became anglicised following the conquest. Over the centuries the spelling of the Jack surname has changed and developed as the French language became increasingly associated with high culture and status. Several European kings have thus adopted the name. Jack appears in the records spelled as Jacques, Jaques, Jack, Jacks, Jackes, Jakes, Jeeks, Jeke, Jeex, Jaquiss, Jaquez and Jaquis, with spelling variations even occurring in documents referring to the same person. There are several explanations for this situation. Latin, as a language used by educated men, and the language of the Anglo-Saxons both had a profound impact on the spelling and pronunciation of Norman names. On the other hand, the Norman language affected the development of English. As the English language developed from its Germanic roots into Middle English (which was influenced by Norman French) we find a period during which spelling was not standardised but roughly followed phonetic pronunciation. During this time names were spelled a variety of ways depending upon local dialects. Thus the surname, as well as the Anglo-Saxon names, were recorded in many different ways.
Early history
Norman surnames like Jack are sometimes mistakenly considered French, though Normans (a term derived from "Northmen"), were of partial Viking origin. In 911, Vikings settled in their namesake region, Normandy, in current day France, where their language merged with that of locals. Throughout this period, England also endured Viking invasions, but the Anglo-Saxons successfully repelled them until 994. When the Danes ruled England, the Saxon royal family lived in Normandy and intermarried with the Duke of Normandy's family. William II, Duke of Normandy, could then claim the English throne when his cousin, Edward the Confessor, the restored Saxon king, died without an heir.
At the Battle of Hastings, William's army defeated their rival, King Harold Godwin, who was killed in the engagement. William could then claim the throne as Harold was elected and not a true member of the royal family. Despite the success of the foreign "conquest," English nobles were permitted to retain their land unless they rebelled. Any resisting English elite had their lands confiscated, and some of them fled into exile as a result. William granted lands to his followers and built commanding military strongpoint castles for defence of his realm. By 1086, more than 92% of English nobles were replaced by William's followers. One of these followers is believed to be an ancestor of the surname, Jack.
Early notables
Historians have studied documents such as the Domesday Book, compiled by William I of England, in search of the first record of the Jack surname, and found it to be of Norman origin, first appearing in Yorkshire where they held a family seat as Lords of the Manor of Nether Silton in the North Riding of the region. At the time of the Doomsday Book in 1086, Nether Silton was recorded as a village with a hall and the tenant-in-chief was the Count of Mortain.
The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of William Jagge, from Cambridgeshire dated 1251, in the "Chartulary of Ramsey Abbey", during the reign of King Henry III, who was known as "The Frenchman", 1216 – 1272, a witness in the Assize Court Rolls of Cambridgeshire in 1260.
Katherine Jeke of Wikington in Stafford married Robert Farnham, Lord of Querndon in 1440. The family later acquired estates at Easby Abbey and Elvington. Of this latter branch, Sir Roger Jaques was Lord Mayor of York in 1639, and knighted by King Charles I. Sir John Jacques was also knighted by King Charles I in 1628. The family branched into Middlesex. Mary, daughter of Thomas Jacques of Leeds, married Robert Gosforth of Northumberland in 1818. The present seat of the family is at Easby Abbey.
Before the usage of surnames became common, differentiating between generations also led to ‘son of Jack’ becoming Jackson, most notably with President Andrew Jackson of South Carolina. The Jackson family had immigrated from Ireland during the colonial period. Jackson led American forces at the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812. Due to favorable weather conditions, and his overall leadership, Britain suffered one of her worst defeats in their overseas colonial history. His fame as a general helped him to become the seventh US president later in his life.
People with the surname Jacques
Bob Jacques, rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s
Brian Jacques (1939–2011), British author and radio host, known primarily for the Redwall series
Cheryl Jacques (born 1962), American activist
Hattie Jacques (1922–1980), British comedy actress
Jean-François Jacques (born 1985), Canadian professional hockey player
Jeph Jacques (born 1980), American webcomic artist
Kateřina Jacques (born 1971), Czech politician
Leslie Innes Jacques (1897-1959), British Army engineers officer
Martin Jacques (born 1945), British journalist, former editor of Marxism Today
Martyn Jacques (born 1959), British musician, singer and songwriter, founder of The Tiger Lillies
Reginald Jacques (1894–1969), English choral and orchestral conductor
Rémy Jacques (1817–1905), French lawyer and politician.
Richard Jacques (born 1973), British composer
Richard Jacques (military officer) (1704–1745), American colonial officer during Father Rale's War
Victor Jacques British brigadier of the Second World War
Jacques as given name
Jacques (, Quebec French pronunciation : ) is the French equivalent of James, ultimately originating from the name Jacob.
Jacques is derived from the Late Latin Iacobus, from the Greek (Septuagintal Greek ), from the Hebrew name Jacob . (See Jacob.) James is derived from Iacomus, a variant of Iacobus.
As a first name, Jacques is often phonetically converted to English as Jacob, Jake (from Jacob), or Jack.
Jack, from Jankin, is usually a diminutive of John but can also be used as a short form for many names derived from Jacob like Jacques. For example, in French "Jacky" is commonly used as a nickname for Jacques, in Dutch "Jack" is a pet form of Jacob or Jacobus along with the other nicknames "Sjaak", "Sjaakie" and "Jaak". In Swedish, it is "Jacke" for Jacob or Jakob and in German it is "Jackel" or "Jockel" for Jakob.
People with the given name Jacques
Jacques I (1689–1751), Prince of Monaco
Jacques Abady (1872–1964), British lawyer
Jacques Anquetil (1934–1987), French cyclist
Jacques Arnold (born 1947), English politician and MP for Gravesham (1987–1997)
Jacques Barzun (1907–2012), French-born American historian
Jacques Beckers (born 1934), Dutch-born American astrophysicist
Jacques Brel (1929–1978), Belgian singer and songwriter
Jacques Brinkman (born 1966), Dutch field hockey player and coach
Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910–1997), French underwater explorer
Jacques Cartier (1491–1557), French explorer
Jacques Chapiro (1887–1972), painter
Jacques Chirac (1932–2019), French politician
Jacques D'Amours (born 1956/57), Canadian businessman
Jacques Delors (born 1925), French politician
Jacques de Molay (c. 1243–1314), last Grand Master of the Knights Templar
Jacques Derrida (1930–2004), Algerian-born French philosopher
Jacques du Toit (cricketer) (born 1980), South African-born cricketer
Jacques du Toit (rugby union) (born 1993), South African-born rugby union player
Jacques Dutronc (born 1943), French singer and actor
Jacques Ellul (1912–1994), French philosopher
Jacques Erwin (1908–1957), French actor
Jacques Faty (born 1984), Senegalese footballer
Jacques Feyder (1885–1948), Belgian film director
Jacques Follorou (born 1968), French journalist
Jacques Frémontier (born surname Friedman; 1930–2020), French journalist and television producer
Jacques Gaillot (born 1935), French social activist and Roman Catholic Bishop
Jacques Grimaldi, Hereditary Prince of Monaco, Marquis de Baux (born 2014), heir to the Monegasque throne
Jacques Hanegraaf (born 1960), Dutch cyclist
Jacques Ibert (1880–1962), French composer of classical music
Jacques Kallis (born 1975), South African cricketer
Jacques La Degaillerie (born 1940), French fencer
Jacques Lacan (1901–1981), French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
Jacques Landry (born 1969), Canadian cyclist
Jacques le Gris (1330-1386) Squire/Knight who was killed in a judicial duel in France after he was accused of assaulting the wife of his former friend, Jean de Carrouges.
Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), German-born American physiologist and biologist
Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825), French neo-classical painter
Jacques Maritain (1882–1973), French Catholic philosopher
Jacques Marquette (1637–1675), French explorer, led first European expedition to the northern Mississippi River
Jacques Massu (1908–2002), French general
Jacques Mazoin (1929–2020), French rugby union player and coach
Jacques Monod (1910–1976), French biologist and Nobel Prize recipient
Jacques Ochs (1883–1971), Belgian Olympic champion épée fencer
Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880), German born French composer, notable for composing the "Can Can"
Jacques Onana (born 1993), Cameroonian footballer
Jacques Parizeau (1930–2015), Premier of Québec
Jacques Pépin (born 1935), French chef
Jacques Plante (1929–1986), Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender
Jacques Prévert (1900–1977), French poet and screenwriter
Jacques Pucheran (1817–1894), French zoologist
Jacques Puisais (1927–2020), French oenologist
Jacques Rancière (born 1940), French philosopher
Jacques Robert (film director) (1890–1928), Swiss silent actor and film director in the 1910s and 1920s
Jacques Riparelli (born 1983), Cameroonian-born Italian athlete
Jacques Rit (born 1949), Monegasque politician
Jacques Rivette (1928–2016), French filmmaker
Jacques Rogge (1942–2021), Belgian sports administrator, president of the International Olympic Committee
Jacques Rougeau (born 1960), Canadian professional wrestler
Jacques Rudolph (born 1981), South African cricketer
Jacques Stas (born 1969), Belgian basketball coach and former player
Jacques Stroweis, special effects artist
Jacques Sylla (born 1946), Malagasy politician, former Prime Minister of Madagascar
Jacques Tati (1907–1982), French filmmaker
Jacques Villeneuve (born 1971), Canadian racing driver
Jacques Webster (born 1992), known as Travis Scott, American rapper
Jacques Yoko (born 1972), French volleyball player
Jacques Zabor (1941–2007), French actor
Jacques Zon (1872–1932), Dutch painter
Fictional characters
Jacques, a cleaner shrimp, in the Finding Nemo franchise
Dr. Jacques von Hämsterviel, from the Lilo & Stitch franchise
Jacques Blanc, from the Onimusha video game series
Jacques, boss character and level name from the original Spyro the Dragon video game
Jacques the Scratcher, a boss from the computer game Wizard 101
Jacques Beaupierre, character in the Aaron Elkins novel Skeleton Dance
Jacques LeFleur, a character in the cartoon M.A.S.K. (TV series)
Jacques Snicket, a character in the A Series of Unfortunate Events novel series
Jacques Dubrinsky, a character in Carpathian Novels series by Christine Feehan
Jacques Schnee, a character in the animated web series RWBY
Inspector Jacques Clouseau, the detective from The Pink Panther series
Jacques De Boys, from William Shakespeare's As You Like It
Jacques, a character from the animated series The Ridonculous Race
Jacques Silvert, a character from Rachilde's 19th-century novel Monsieur Vénus
Jacques Ooi, a recurring character in the Singaporean sitcom The Noose
See also
Jacqueline (given name)
Jaques, name list
Jean-Jacques, name list
References
French masculine given names |
9191110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenrum | Eenrum | Eenrum is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Het Hogeland, 17 km northwest of the city of Groningen.
Eenrum was a separate municipality until 1990, then it was merged with Ulrum, Kloosterburen and Leens.
International Sport
The village is host to a major motorcycle racing circuit. The venue hosts domestic and international meetings and has hosted World and European Finals. It hosted the 2009 Team Long Track World Championship, which was won by Germany. The host team Netherlands finished second.
References
External links
Map of the former municipality, around 1868.
https://grasstrackgb.co.uk/venue-eenrum/
Het Hogeland
Populated places in Groningen (province)
Former municipalities of Groningen (province) |
4856063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O.S.C.A. | O.S.C.A. | O.S.C.A. (Officine Specializzate Costruzione Automobili—Fratelli Maserati S.p.A.) was an Italian manufacturer of racing and sports cars established 1947 in San Lazzaro di Savena, Bologna, by the Maserati brothers, and closed down in 1967. Its name is usually abbreviated to OSCA or Osca.
History
O.S.C.A. was founded in 1947 by Ernesto Maserati (engineering manager) and his two brothers Ettore, and Bindo (operations managers) who had all left Maserati after their ten-year contract with Adolfo Orsi terminated. Ten years earlier, in 1937, the remaining Maserati brothers had sold their shares in the company to the Orsi family, who, in 1940, had relocated the company headquarters to their hometown of Modena, where it remains to this day.
The O.S.C.A. factory was located in San Lazzaro di Savena outside Bologna, where Maserati were originally made 1926 to 1940. Their basic business goal was to develop an automobile to compete in the popular Italian 1,100 cc racing class.
O.S.C.A.'s first automobile was the MT4, for Maserati Tipo 4 cilindri. The 1,092 cc engine, which produced ( at 6,000 rpm, had a in-house designed block, alloy head, and the bodywork was built as a two-seater barchetta. The MT4 first raced in 1948 at the Pescara Circuit and the Grand Prix of Naples, where it was driven to a win by Luigi Villoresi. The engine was modified to 1,342 cc capacity (with at 5,500 rpm) in 1949.
In 1950, a new DOHC (MT4-2AD) raised power to a maximum of at 6,300 rpm, and in 1953 the engine was enlarged to 1,453 cc, producing at 6,200 rpm. The all new tipo 372 DS twin spark engine with 1,491 cc, which produced at 6,300 rpm, was later used in the O.S.C.A. MT4 TN (for Tipo Nuovo, "new model") of 1955. With this new engine, the car received the new name FS 372, of which five were built. One of these belongs to Sir Stirling Moss, who raced it in historic races across the globe until his retirement in 2011. Versions of this engine went on to be used in coupé and convertible models of regular Fiats from 1959 to 1966.
These automobiles were mainly barchettas, but a few were built as berlinetta bodies by Pietro Frua and Vignale. A Vignale bodied MT4 was run in the 1,500 cc class at the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans.
The 1954 12 Hours of Sebring was won by drivers Stirling Moss and Bill Lloyd in an O.S.C.A. MT4 as part of the Briggs Cunningham Team.
From 1951 to 1962, automobiles or engines made by O.S.C.A. also were entered in some Formula One and Formula Two events although they mainly built small sports cars of which some were designed by Pietro Frua. In the World Sportscar Championship OSCA ranked 10th (1953), 4th (1954), 6th (1957), 5th (1958) and 4th (1961).
The 750 cc type S 187 was introduced in 1956. Weighing , this car had a top speed of . The name "187" refers to the displacement in cubic centimetres of each cylinder of the engine. In 1959 Jim Eichenlaub won the American H-Mod Title with this OSCA S 187. Operating on a shoestring budget, Eichenlaub often slept in his tow car because there was no money for a motel. However he won his first race at Pensacola in April 1959.
The Formula Junior (FJ) used a Fiat engine of 1089 cc, and saw wins by Colin Davis and Berardo Taraschi in 1959.
In 1963 the brothers sold the company to Count Domenico Agusta, owner of MV Agusta, They did design work for Agusta until 1966. One of their final designs was a desmodromic four-cylinder engine. O.S.C.A. ended operations in 1967.
OSCA Fiats
The 1500S Coupé and Convertible were available with OSCA's twin cam 1491 cc engine as the 1200 were produced with a Fiat engine. These 1500S models went on sale in November 1959, with Pininfarina bodywork. The engine was uprated to 1568 cc and in the summer of 1962 (1600 S) thanks to a 2 mm bore increase, and the shell underwent a facelift as the Fiat 1300/1500 replaced the original 1200 in 1963. This continued in production until replaced by the Fiat 124 coupé/spider, with Fiat's own twin cam engine, in late 1966. OSCA also offered their own cars powered by a derivative of this engine, such as the Fissore-bodied 1600 GT2 and the more attractive Zagato GT and GTS and a Touring-bodied 1600 GT.
Vehicles
Name and year of introduction:
Osca MT4 (1947)
Osca S187 (1956)
Osca 750S (1957)
Osca 1050 Spider
Osca 1100 FJ (for Formula Junior)
Osca 1100 (1960)
Osca 2000 Desmodromico (Morelli, 1959/60)
Osca 1600 GT2 (1962)
Osca 1600 SP (1963)
Complete Formula One World Championship results
As a constructor
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)
As an engine supplier
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Notes
– The Constructors World Championship did not exist before .
References
External links
OSCA Owners Group
O.S.C.A. designs of Pietro Frua
New OSCA Registry
O.S.C.A. badge
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Italy
Automotive companies established in 1947
Formula One constructors
Formula One entrants
Italian auto racing teams
Italian racecar constructors
24 Hours of Le Mans teams
World Sportscar Championship teams
1947 establishments in Italy
Car manufacturers of Italy |
2056184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dov%20Frohman | Dov Frohman | Dov Frohman (Hebrew: דב פרוהמן, also Dov Frohman-Bentchkowsky; born March 28, 1939) is an Israeli electrical engineer and business executive. A former vice president of Intel Corporation, he is the inventor of the erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) and the founder and first general manager of Intel Israel. He is also the author (with Robert Howard) of Leadership the Hard Way (Jossey-Bass, 2008).
Biography
Dov Frohman was born in March 1939 in Amsterdam, five months before the start of World War II. His parents were Abraham and Feijga Frohman, Polish Jews who had emigrated to the Netherlands in the early 1930s to escape rising anti-Semitism in Poland. In 1942, after the German invasion of the Low Countries and as the Nazi grip on Holland’s Jewish community tightened, his parents decided to give their child to acquaintances in the Dutch resistance who placed him with the Van Tilborghs, an orthodox Christian farming family that lived in the village of Sprang-Capelle in the region of North Brabant near the Belgian border. The Van Tilborghs hid Frohman for the duration of the war. His parents were murdered in the Holocaust.
Located by relatives in Israel after the war, Frohman spent a few years in orphanages for Jewish children whose parents had died in the war, before emigrating to Israel in 1949 after the founding of the Jewish state. Adopted by relatives, he grew up in Tel Aviv and served in the Israeli army. In 1959, he enrolled at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology to study electrical engineering. After graduating from the Technion in 1963, Frohman traveled to the United States to study for his masters and Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley. After receiving his masters in 1965, he took a job in the R&D labs of Fairchild Semiconductor.
EPROM development
In 1969, after completing his Ph.D., he followed former Fairchild managers Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Andrew Grove to Intel Corporation, which they had founded the previous year.
It was while troubleshooting a fault in an early Intel product that Frohman in 1970 developed the concept for the EPROM, the first non-volatile semiconductor memory that was both erasable and easily reprogrammable. At the time, there were two types of semiconductor memories. Random-access memory (RAM) chips were easy to program, but a chip would lose its charge (and the information encoded on the chip) when its power source was turned off. In industry parlance, RAM chips were volatile. Read-only memory (ROM) chips, by contrast, were nonvolatile—that is, the information encoded in the chip was fixed and unchangeable. But the process for programming ROM memories was time-consuming and cumbersome. Typically, the data had to be “burned in” at the factory: physically embedded on the chip through a process called “masking” that generally took weeks to complete. And once programmed, the data in the ROM chip could not be altered.
The EPROM was nonvolatile and reprogrammable. It was the catalyst for innovations and developments that led to flash memory technology. The EPROM was also a key innovation in the personal computer industry. Intel founder Gordon Moore called it “as important in the development of the microcomputer industry as the microprocessor itself.” It remained Intel’s most profitable product well into the 1980s.
Intel Israel
After inventing the EPROM, Frohman left Intel to teach electrical engineering at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana. He returned to Intel in 1973, but his long-term vision was to return to Israel to create a center of high-tech research there. In 1974, he helped Intel establish a small chip design center in Haifa—Intel’s first outside the United States. On his return to Israel, Frohman taught at the School of Applied Sciences at Hebrew University of Jerusalem and worked as a consultant to Intel on the side. In 1985, after negotiations with the Israeli government on the establishment of a semiconductor plant in Jerusalem, Intel’s first outside the United States, he left Hebrew University to become general manager of Intel Israel.
In 1991, during the First Gulf War, when Iraq attacked Israel with Scud missiles, Frohman kept Intel Israel open despite recommendations from the Israel Civil Defense authority that all non-essential businesses close down. As a result, Intel Israel was one of the few businesses, and the only manufacturing business, in the country to remain open throughout the war. Frohman described his experience during the war in an article in the Harvard Business Review.) In 1995, he led Intel’s efforts to establish a second semiconductor fab in Israel, in the town of Kiryat Gat in the south of Israel on the edge of the Negev Desert.
Today, Intel Israel is the headquarters for the corporation’s global R&D for wireless technology. It developed the company’s Centrino mobile computing technology, which powers laptops, and advanced microprocessor products. It is also a major center for chip manufacture. In 2008, the company opened a second semiconductor fab in Kiryat Gat - a $3.5 billion investment, with seven thousand employees. In 2007, Intel Israel’s exports totaled $1.4 billion and represented roughly 8.5 percent of the total exports of Israel’s electronics and information industry.
Frohman retired from Intel in 2001.
Awards and recognition
In 1986, Frohman was the recipient of the IEEE Jack Morton Award for meritorious achievement in the field of solid state devices.
In 1991, he was awarded the Israel Prize for exact sciences.
In 2008, he received the IEEE’s Edison Medal, honoring a career of meritorious achievement in electrical engineering.
In 2009, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
In 2018, he was made Fellow of the Computer History Museum.
He is also a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
References
See also
List of Israel Prize recipients
1939 births
Living people
Dutch emigrants to Israel
Dutch Jews
IEEE Edison Medal recipients
Intel people
Israel Prize in exact science recipients
Israeli electrical engineers
Israeli engineers
Israeli Jews
Israeli people of Dutch-Jewish descent
Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Israeli inventors
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology faculty
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty |
18938445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th%20Infantry%20Regiment%20%28United%20States%29 | 34th Infantry Regiment (United States) | The 34th Infantry Regiment (special designation "Leyte Dragons") is a Regular Army infantry regiment of the United States Army. It saw combat in World War I, in the Pacific Theater of Operations in World War II, and was the first full American regiment deployed in combat in the Korean War. The 1st and 3rd Battalions of the 34th are now basic training formations attached to the 165th Infantry Brigade at Fort Jackson, South Carolina.
Other units called "34th Infantry Regiment"
There was a 34th Infantry Regiment in the War of 1812, constituted on 29 January 1813 by enrolling several militia companies from Maine (then Massachusetts) into regular service. This regiment served under General George Izard on the Lake Champlain frontier. In October 1815 it was consolidated into the Regiment of Light Artillery.
At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Congress increased the Regular Army by authorizing the creation of nine new, three-battalion infantry regiments. After the war, the battalions of those regiments were reorganized as separate regiments. The 3rd Battalion, 16th Infantry became the 34th Infantry Regiment on 21 September 1866. In 1869 Congress reduced the peacetime army from 41 infantry regiments to 25. The 34th and 11th Regiments were consolidated on 6 April to form the current 16th Infantry Regiment.
Origins; World War I; interwar period
The current 34th Infantry Regiment was organized at El Paso, Texas on 15 July 1916, four months into the Punitive Expedition into Mexico led by Major General John J. Pershing. The 34th's original cadre was drawn from the 7th, 20th and 23rd regiments. The regiment was assigned to border patrol and National Guard training duties.
With the American entry into World War I in April 1917 the Army expanded and shifted to preparation for war in Europe. The 34th was assigned to the 7th Division, which arrived in France on 27 August 1918. On 9 October the division went into line in Lorraine with the 34th on its left. It saw action in the Puvenelle sector before the armistice on 11 November. With the rest of the division, the 34th then took up occupation duty in Germany during negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles. The regiment returned to the United States in June 1919.
In the 1920s and 1930s, the 34th Infantry was based at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, where it served as the Army's first testbed motorized infantry regiment.
On 28 July 1932 regular forces were assembled in Washington, D.C. under the direct command of the Army Chief of Staff, General Douglas MacArthur, to break up the Bonus Army, a protest group largely made up of unemployed World War I veterans seeking pensions from the Herbert Hoover administration. A battalion of the 34th was in reserve while the main action was conducted by the 3rd Cavalry and 12th Infantry.
World War II
On 15 July 1940, following maneuvers in Tennessee in which the 1st Battalion had served as a tank battalion, cadre from the 34th Infantry formed the 70th Tank Battalion, now the 70th Armor Regiment. That same month, the 34th became part of the 8th Infantry Division when that unit was activated at Fort Jackson. The 34th was designated the outstanding regiment of the Carolina Maneuvers of 1941.
In November 1941 the regiment was detached from 8th Division and assigned to the Philippine Department to reinforce the islands, as the prospects of war with Japan increased. The 34th was at San Francisco awaiting embarkation on 7 December when the attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war. The regiment was reassigned to the Hawaiian Department and its convoy rerouted to Oahu, where it arrived on 21 December. The 34th was put in department reserve and assigned to the defense of the island.
On 12 June 1943 the 34th was assigned to the 24th Infantry Division, replacing the 298th Infantry, a Hawaiian National Guard unit that had been severely depleted the previous year when its ethnic Japanese soldiers were reassigned to the 100th Infantry Battalion (Separate). In September the division shipped out to Australia for training.
The 34th served as division reserve during the Operation Reckless landings at Tanahmerah Bay, Netherlands New Guinea on 22 April 1944. The regiment was brought ashore and assisted in mopping-up operations around the Hollandia airdrome.
In early June the 34th was attached to the 41st Infantry Division, whose assault on Biak Island was meeting unexpected resistance. A two-day assault by the 34th captured Sorido and Brooke airdromes, major objectives in the campaign.
On 16 February 1945 the 3rd Battalion under Col. Aubrey S. "Red" Newman amphibiously assaulted Corregidor and assisted the 503rd Parachute Regimental Combat Team in capturing the island. The fighting lasted until 26 February.
According to Stephen J. Lofgren who prepared the pamphlet, Southern Philippines in the U.S. Army's Center of Military History series The US Army Campaigns of WWII, "The Southern Philippines Campaign usually is given short shrift in popular histories of World War II." The campaign, which the U.S. Army recognizes as ending on 4 July 1945, actually lasted until Imperial Japanese forces received the news of the Japanese total defeat from Tokyo in September. Operation VICTOR V of the Southern Philippines Campaign was waged with primary objective of eradicating Japanese military power on Mindanao in the Philippine Islands and liberating the Filipino people.
The 34th Infantry, operating as an element of the 24th Infantry Division, participated in some of the most horrific combat under the most insufferable weather and terrain conditions of the War in the Pacific. Yet for the entire campaign U.S. forces losses were minimal. The mopping up activities on the island of Mindanao lasting into September 1945 would result in 22,000 Japanese soldiers emerging from the central Mindanao jungles to surrender. More than 10,000 Japanese died in combat on Mindanao, while 8,000 or more died from starvation or disease during the campaign. From 17 April to 15 August 1945, 820 U.S. soldiers were killed in eastern Mindanao and 2,880 were wounded; many more deaths and injuries were post 15 August. The 34th Infantry would go on to occupy the southern Japanese island of Kyushu.
Three 34th Infantry soldiers received the Medal of Honor for service in World War II, all posthumously:
Captain Francis B. Wai, Leyte, 20 October 1944
Private Harold H. Moon, Jr., Leyte, 21 October 1944
Sergeant Charles E. Mower, Capoacan, Leyte, 3 November 1944
Korean War
The first American ground casualty of the Korean War was widely speculated at the time to have been Private Kenneth R. Shadrick of the 34th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Division, who was killed in action on 5 July 1950, three miles south of Osan, Republic of Korea, during the Battle of Osan. Subsequent publications have shed doubt on the accuracy of the claims of Shadrick's distinction; eyewitness accounts at the battle point to the first death actually being a machine gunner in the 21st Infantry Regiment, who had been killed at around 08:30, eight hours before Shadrick's death.
Campaign credits
World War I
Lorraine
World War II
New Guinea
Leyte (with arrowhead)
Luzon
Southern Philippines
Korean War
United Nations Defensive
United Nations Summer-Fall Offensive
Korea Summer-Fall 1953
Decorations
Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for KILAY RIDGE
Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for CORREGIDOR
Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for DEFENSE OF KOREA
Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation for 17 OCTOBER 1944 TO 4 JULY 1945
Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for PYONGTAEK
Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for KOREA
In Popular Culture
The experience of the 2nd Battalion at the National Training Centre (NTC) in 1982, and the general NTC training experience, are discussed in great detail, but in a very readable fashion, in Daniel Bolger's "Dragons at War."
See also
Aubrey Newman
Battle of Corregidor (1945)
Battle of Leyte
Battle of Pusan Perimeter
William F. Dean
Notes
References
165th Infantry Brigade website
External links
Prints and Posters: The U.S. Army in Action–"Follow me!"
Personal account of World War I veteran Hillie John Franz, Hillie John Franz Collection (AFC/2001/001/12617), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.
Corregidor Historical Society website
1916 establishments in Texas
Military units and formations established in 1916
0034
United States Army regiments of World War I
United States Army units and formations in the Korean War |
Subsets and Splits