README.md

metadata

license: mit
datasets:
  - mikasenghaas/wikitext-2
language:
  - en
metrics:
  - bleu
  - rouge
  - perplexity
  - accuracy
base_model:
  - openai-community/gpt2
tags:
  - Quantized
  - Pruned
  - Small
  - Nano
  - SBC
pipeline_tag: text-generation

Model Card: Pruned & Quantized GPT-2 Fine-Tuned on WikiText-2

Model Summary

This model is a pruned and quantized version of the GPT-2 architecture, fine-tuned on the WikiText-2 dataset. The pruning and quantization techniques reduce the model's size and computational requirements, making it suitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments, such as edge devices or applications with limited computational power.

Model Details

Developed by

• Developer: [SynSci]
• Contact: [[email protected]]

Model Description

• Architecture: GPT-2 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2)
• Model Type: Transformer-based language model
• Base Model: openai-community/gpt2
• Language: English
• License: MIT
• Fine-tuned on: mikasenghaas/wikitext-2
• Modifications:
  • Pruning: Redundant weights removed to decrease model size and inference time.
  • Quantization: Weights quantized to 8-bit integers to reduce memory footprint and improve efficiency.

Direct Use

• Text generation
• Language modeling
• Autocomplete suggestions
• Educational purposes in NLP and model optimization techniques

Downstream Use

• Integration into applications requiring efficient language models
• Deployment on devices with limited computational resources

Out-of-Scope Use

• Generation of misleading or harmful content
• Applications requiring understanding of languages other than English
• Tasks demanding high-precision language understanding beyond the model's capabilities

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Biases

The model inherits biases present in the GPT-2 architecture and the WikiText-2 dataset, which consists of Wikipedia articles. These biases may include underrepresentation of certain topics or perspectives.

Risks

• Potential generation of biased or inappropriate content
• Misinterpretation of generated text as factual information

Limitations

• Reduced performance compared to the full-sized GPT-2 model due to pruning and quantization
• Limited to English language understanding and generation
• Not suitable for tasks requiring real-time processing of large-scale data

Recommendations

Users should:

• Implement content filtering mechanisms to prevent the generation of inappropriate content.
• Avoid using the model for critical applications without thorough evaluation.
• Be aware of the model's limitations in understanding nuanced language and context.

How to Get Started with the Model

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("swayamsingal/NanoQuant")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("swayamsingal/NanoQuant")

input_text = "Once upon a time"
inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=50)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))

Training Details

Training Data

• Dataset: mikasenghaas/wikitext-2
• Description: A collection of over 100 million tokens extracted from verified Good and Featured articles on Wikipedia. The dataset is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

Training Procedure

• Preprocessing: Standard tokenization and formatting compatible with GPT-2 requirements.
• Training Regime: Fine-tuning performed using mixed-precision training to balance performance and resource utilization.
• Pruning: Applied magnitude-based pruning to remove weights below a certain threshold.
• Quantization: Post-training dynamic quantization to 8-bit integers for weights.

Hyperparameters

• Learning Rate: 5e-5
• Batch Size: 32
• Epochs: 3
• Optimizer: AdamW
• Weight Decay: 0.01

Speeds, Sizes, Times

• Original Model Size: ~500 MB
• Pruned & Quantized Model Size: ~6 MB
• Training Time: Approximately 2 hours on a single MPS chip

Evaluation

Testing Data

• Dataset: mikasenghaas/wikitext-2
• Split: Validation set used for evaluation

Metrics

• Perplexity: 155.43
• BLEU Score: 0.0498
• ROUGE-1 Score: 0.1836
• Accuracy: 93.2%

Results Summary

The pruned and quantized model achieves competitive performance on the WikiText-2 validation set, with a significant reduction in model size and inference time compared to the original GPT-2 model.

Model Examination

While specific interpretability analyses were not conducted, the model's architecture remains consistent with GPT-2, and standard transformer interpretability techniques can be applied.

Environmental Impact

• Hardware Type: Macbook MPS [🙂‍↕️can't afford a good cuda gpu]
• Training Duration: 2 hours
• Energy Consumption: Approximately 0.5 kWh
• Carbon Emitted: Estimated 0.2 kg CO₂

Technical Specifications

Model Architecture and Objective

• Architecture: Transformer decoder with 12 layers, 12 attention heads, and a hidden size of 768.
• Objective: Causal language modeling (predicting the next token in a sequence).

Compute Infrastructure

• Hardware: Single NVIDIA V100 GPU
• Software: PyTorch, Transformers library by Hugging Face

Citation

If you use this model, please cite:

@misc{NanoQuant,
  title={NanoQuant},
  author={swayamsingal},
  year={2025},
  howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/swayamsingal/NanoQuant}},
}

Glossary

• Pruning: The process of removing weights from a neural network to reduce its size and computational requirements.
• Quantization: The process of reducing the precision of the weights in a neural network, typically to 8-bit integers, to decrease model size and increase inference speed.