SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("ngiometti/legal-ft-3")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What is the primary focus of Fluence as a continuing education organization?',
    'Name":"Fluence","Specter - Company ID":"621f973f972ef7e5d69c8085","Domain":"fluencetraining.com","LinkedIn - URL":"linkedin.com/company/fluencetraining","Description":"Fluence is a leading continuing education organization in psychedelic therapy.","Company Size":"11-50","Industries":["Education","HR and Recruiting","Health","Software"],"Title":"Advisor","Departments":["Other"],"Start Date":"2023-07-01","End Date":null,"Location":"New York City, New York, United States, United States","Is Current":true,"Job Order":17},{"Company Name":"VentureKit","Specter - Company ID":null,"Domain":"venturekit.com","LinkedIn - URL":"linkedin.com/company/venturekit","Description":"VentureKit publishes free guides to help entrepreneurs get things',
    'Education Level: Bachelor\'s Degree\nCurrent Position Title: CTO, Head of Research\nCurrent Position Company Name: Mursion\nCurrent Position Company Website: mursion.com\nPast Position Title: CEO and Co-founder\nPast Position Company Name: DNABLOCK\nPast Position Company Website: dnablock.com\nCurrent Tenure: 85.0\nAverage Tenure: 34.0\nLanguages: [{"Name":"Spanish","Proficiency Level":"Limited Working Proficiency"},{"Name":"Arabic","Proficiency Level":"Limited Working Proficiency"}]\nLinkedIn - Followers: 5022.0\nLinkedIn - Connections: 2997.0',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.7917
cosine_accuracy@3	0.9667
cosine_accuracy@5	0.975
cosine_accuracy@10	0.9833
cosine_precision@1	0.7917
cosine_precision@3	0.3222
cosine_precision@5	0.195
cosine_precision@10	0.0983
cosine_recall@1	0.7917
cosine_recall@3	0.9667
cosine_recall@5	0.975
cosine_recall@10	0.9833
cosine_ndcg@10	0.9019
cosine_mrr@10	0.8741
cosine_map@100	0.8749

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 786 training samples
Columns: sentence_0 and sentence_1
Approximate statistics based on the first 786 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1
type string string
details
min: 9 tokens
mean: 17.2 tokens
max: 33 tokens

min: 11 tokens
mean: 218.92 tokens
max: 464 tokens

	sentence_0	sentence_1
type	string	string
details	min: 9 tokens mean: 17.2 tokens max: 33 tokens	min: 11 tokens mean: 218.92 tokens max: 464 tokens

Samples:

sentence_0	sentence_1
`What types of products has the individual built experience in, according to the context?`	`experience in building world class hardware and software products for consumer electronics, aerospace and enterprise software solutions. Proven track record of building big-data cloud computing software and analytic software platform with AI, Computer Vision and Machine Learning. Progressive, innovative and highly valued for aligning corporate strategies with market opportunities, translating goals into actionable plans, and providing leadership to multi-discipline, cross cultural teams.`
`How does the individual align corporate strategies with market opportunities?`	`experience in building world class hardware and software products for consumer electronics, aerospace and enterprise software solutions. Proven track record of building big-data cloud computing software and analytic software platform with AI, Computer Vision and Machine Learning. Progressive, innovative and highly valued for aligning corporate strategies with market opportunities, translating goals into actionable plans, and providing leadership to multi-discipline, cross cultural teams.`
`What is the company size of Diamanti?`	- Company ID":"5e3a8f19040ca7b0c6f031bf","Domain":"diamanti.com","LinkedIn - URL":"linkedin.com/company/diamanti","Description":null,"Company Size":"51-200","Industries":["Consumer Products","Hardware","Information Technology","Internet Services","Software"],"Title":"Chief Operating Officer","Departments":["Senior Leadership","Operations"],"Start Date":"2018-11-01","End Date":"2021-07-01","Location":"San Jose, California, United States, United States","Is Current":false,"Job Order":4},{"Company Name":"Planet","Specter - Company ID":"5e3bc13c00c8f4c966a7da4c","Domain":"planet.com","LinkedIn - URL":"linkedin.com/company/planet-labs","Description":"Planet operates the world's largest fleet of Earth imaging satellites to daily image the entire

Loss: MatryoshkaLoss with these parameters:

{
    "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
    "matryoshka_dims": [
        768,
        512,
        256,
        128,
        64
    ],
    "matryoshka_weights": [
        1,
        1,
        1,
        1,
        1
    ],
    "n_dims_per_step": -1
}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 10
per_device_eval_batch_size: 10
num_train_epochs: 10
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 10
per_device_eval_batch_size: 10
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 5e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1
num_train_epochs: 10
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.0
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: False
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	cosine_ndcg@10
0.6329	50	-	0.8917
1.0	79	-	0.9080
1.2658	100	-	0.9265
1.8987	150	-	0.9091
2.0	158	-	0.9100
2.5316	200	-	0.9214
3.0	237	-	0.9110
3.1646	250	-	0.9161
3.7975	300	-	0.9108
4.0	316	-	0.9145
4.4304	350	-	0.8955
5.0	395	-	0.9019
5.0633	400	-	0.9008
5.6962	450	-	0.8980
6.0	474	-	0.9036
6.3291	500	0.7603	0.9021
6.9620	550	-	0.8977
7.0	553	-	0.8976
7.5949	600	-	0.9059
8.0	632	-	0.9005
8.2278	650	-	0.9039
8.8608	700	-	0.9050
9.0	711	-	0.9052
9.4937	750	-	0.9021
10.0	790	-	0.9019

Framework Versions

Python: 3.13.1
Sentence Transformers: 3.4.1
Transformers: 4.49.0
PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
Accelerate: 1.4.0
Datasets: 3.3.2
Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}

ngiometti
/

legal-ft-3