add data splits

quality_improving_classifier_test_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+stated_aims,patent_id,quality_improving
+The present invention relates to an improved gas pressure regulator and has for its object to provide a regulator which can work absolutely exact and be in every respect reliable.,GB189813984A,1
+A further object is to facilitate the filling of bottles with ordinary funnels or faucets by providing for a free circulation of air around the funnel during the introduction of the liquid thereby preventing the splutter and overflow of the funnel and quickening the operation of filling the bottles-more especially with liquids of considerable density such as oils and syrups of all kinds. A still further object is to effectually prevent the forcing inward of the cork beyond a certain point during the insertion of a cork screw preparatory to extraction of the cork.,GB189109777A,0
+"The object of this Invention is the production of a compound or material in the following manner :-
+I. I take scrap leather and waste vegetable fibre, such as the spent bark of the oak, pine, or birch that has been used for tanning purposes, or the waste fibre from the hemlock that has been similarly used, or fibres from the rind of the walnut, pomegranate, and similar fruit, or the waste fibre that is left after making infusions for various purposes; and in some cases I may add a certain quantity of wood shavings, by preference shavings of wood having a strong fibre or having resinous properties.",GB188000094A,0
+"My invention relates to improvements in connection with brakes for velocipedes and has for its object to provide improved means for very readily and efficiently applying a brake by the direct application of the rider's weight.
+
+My invention relates to brakes for velocipedes, and has for its object to provide means whereby the weight of the rider is directly employed in controlling the brake.",GB189808526A,0
+"By the above means, a car is constructed in such manner that the load can be automatically discharged through the door aperture, without any shovelling whatever (after the doors are opened) being necessary, while the gear for operating the doors is protected from injury by the load. The invention further relates to the draft and buffer portions of, more particularly, tube frame wagons and carriages, as hereafter described, whereby the same are rendered stronger, lighter, and more capable of resisting strain, as well as of reducing lateral motion, and especially as applied to wagons having side buffers, than heretofore.",GB189212562A,1
+The object of my invention is to increase the tone keeping quality in pianos by substituting iron or other suitable metal for the wood used in keeping the tuning pins in position.,GB189216392A,1
+The object of this new arrangement of axles is to counteract the tendency of the mill-stones to press outwardly upon their bearings under the influence of the centrifugal force and thereby to obtain a decrease of the wear of the axles and their bearings.,GB189216721A,1
+"This invention relates to the manufacture of chains whereby they can be more rapidly and efficiently made than heretofore as well as with great saving of labour. It will thus be seen that by my invention not only is a great saving of time and labour effected in the manufacture of chains, but the links comprising such chains are more perfectly and regularly formed and by reason of the method employed in welding the link possesses more homogeneity, and consequent strength than has been arrived at by any process of hand manufacture which has been employed up to the present time. By my invention I overcome all these difficulties by ""swaging"" or pressing the joints of the links (whether butt joints or ""scarfed ""joints) to the normal size of the metal, simultaneous with the welding operation, while at the same time I avail myself of the speed and other benefits incidental to the use of electricity or a high-temperature furnace, for bringing the blanks to welding heat.",GB189514981A,0
+"This Invention has for its object the perfect utilisation of the heat contained in the exhaust steam, in a second or low pressure boiler. To remedy this I have made an arrangement by which the feeding water obtained by condensation containing the above mentioned water is reconducted at as high a temperature as possible to the generator.",GB188713260A,0
+"This invention relates to certain improvements in combination-tools, and has for its object to provide a tool of this character of a simple and inexpensive nature, which shall be strong and durable in construction and which shall be compact and light, so as to be adapted to be carried about in the pocket, the tool being designed, primarily, for use by bicyclists and others, and being adapted for use as an oil-can, screw-driver, and wrench.",GB189605853A,1
+My Invention relates to the production of carbons for electric lamps.in the form of filaments of high resistance for incandescent lamps or of rods for are lamps.,GB188201465A,0
+"This invention relates to gas burners, and the prime object of the invention is to provide an improved gas burner of novel construction and arrangement of parts, to produce combustion upon the inside of the top of the gas chamber, or within gas tubes depending from said top, so that each blaze given by such combustion will be solid or compact, without interruption in the body of the blaze as it comes from the top of the burner. It is to overcome these objections, and defects, and to produce a simplified improved burner, having great heating capacity, that my invention is intended.",GB189905502A,0
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing and propelling vessels. For these purposes in order to use paddle wheels at the ends of vessels more advantageously than heretofore, each vessel is constructed double at the end where the paddle wheel is to come, and the two parts are at such a distance apart as to admit of a paddle wheel between them, the bearings for the shaft of the paddle, wheel being carried by the two parts of which the vessel is constructed.",GB186000817A,0
+Now this invention has been designed to impart a more artistic appearance to these hitherto somewhat monotonous pictures by means of better stamping and therefore in some mechanical way to provide the figured pictures with gold outlines and then to press the figures and other ornaments in such a way that the expression of the face and other parts of the body as well as the ornaments may have a good effect and the means employed are to burn portraits and figures etc. and to beautify them with gold or other metal without afterwards having to go over the work by hand.,GB188920388A,0
+"Among the many advantages derived from a snatch-block constructed according to this Invention may be mentioned the following:-The arrangement and connection of the link and the block for the purpose described, render the same simple, strong, and effective; the block is easily manipulated as well in darkness as in light, and is not liable to get out of order; the inside iron straps bear all of the strain, allowing the block to be made light and yet with the desired thickness of the cheeks and rounded edges, the block may therefore be manufactured much more cheaply than and will be far superior to any now in use. With the iron straps combined with wooden-cheeks, practically the full strength and durability of an iron or other metal block are secured with the lightness of one made of wood.",GB188005283A,1
+"By my present invention I provide a novel construction of mosaic having a smooth surface, and I facilitate the arrangement of the pieces of mineral substances according to the pattern, as well as the removal of the mosaic from the bed upon which it is formed to the place it is to permanently occupy, and thereby overcome the objections to the methods of manufacture heretofore in use.",GB189817140A,0
+"This invention has for its object the diminution of the dangers of railway travelling particularly in foggy weather, to dispense with the use of the detonators or fog signals as ordinarily employed, and also having to expose men to danger when acting as fogmen in the way now generally practised on most railways.",GB189221578A,0
+This invention relates to discharge valve apparatus of the kind referred to in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 6784 of 1888 granted to William Lewis Holland and John Eckersley and has for its object to simplify the construction of such apparatus and to make its action more efficient and reliable.,GB189006089A,1
+"The object of this Invention is to produce a packing for the glands of steam engines, pumps, and other machinery possessing great durability and capable of considerably reducing the amount of friction, wear and tear to piston and pump rods and spindles passing therethrough.",GB187800270A,1
+"In such case the recipient or customer will be put to the expense and trouble of procuring and affixing a stamp before it will be mailable. By such use the invention will serve an important end in facilitating the order by presenting a ready addressed card, and the trouble and expense involved may be a wholesome restraint against the sender being deluged with frivolous orders.",GB188605122A,0
+"My invention consists further in altering the change of figure of the ""rake"" of tricycles or velocipedes, in order that the centro of gravity of the rider shall bo brought immediately over the pedals, for the proper working thereof, whether the said rider be hill climbing, or descending inclines, The object is effected by jointing the 'rake' next or near to the fork or frame of the machine, and is so arranged, that the rider at his will, can by an upward or downward movement of a lever or handle, change the inclination or figure of the 'rake' (and retaining it in its respective positions by engaging with notches) and consequently altering the centre of gravity of the rider to the desired position on the machine for the proper working of the pedals.",GB188303260A,0
+"The objects acquired by this gauge pin in its varied forms are as follows: That shown in Fig. 5 is the simplest and its short pointed arm may be inserted sidewise in the press paper to fasten the gauge pin more securely. Those made with a loop as shown in all the other Figures, pass in and out of the press paper more easily, and those made with the stem E are best adapted for sheets printed with a wide margin.",GB188802221A,0
+"The object of the invention is to furnish an improved apparatus for shifting machine belts either on to or off from the loose pulley by alternate movements of the same actuating device. That is, for example if the shifter is actuated by a cord and the belt is on the loose pulley, to start the machine the cord is pulled, thereby shifting the belt to the tight pulley, and then if the cord is again pulled in exactly the same manner as at first, the belt is shifted in the opposite direction back to the loose pulley and the machine is stopped.",GB189523123A,0
+"My invention relates to an improved apparatus for drying macaroni, and has for its object to effect this more expeditiously than hitherto, in order to prevent fermentation and the formation of mould as obtains in the methods hitherto employed.",GB189520129A,0
+"This invention relates to improvements upon the apparatus for which applications for Letters Patent have been made by me bearing date October 7th 1885 No. 11,911 and January 4th 1886 No. 86, the object of the present invention being to simplify the construction of the apparatus and economize the cost.",GB188606428A,0
+"Our said Invention relates to the production of taps or valves, suitable for street wells, and for any situation where it is desirable to have a tap which is self-closing, and is durable, and not easily put out of order.",GB186101700A,1
+"This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for grinding the revolving flats employed in carding engines, and has for its object that of grinding the wire faces of the flats when they are sliding upon the flexilbe bends of the carding engine or their equivalents.",GB188815908A,0
+"By means of this Invention, bulky articles of iron or steel are enabled to be tempered or hardened in a more effectual and uniform manner than by immersion in a bath of water or other substance that is liquid at ordinary atmospheric temperature. The fusible metal forming the tempering or hardening bath being a better conductor of heat becomes quickly and uniformly heated to about the same temperature throughout and the disadvantages attending sudden and irregular cooling are obviated.
+
+By means of this Invention, bulky articles of iron and steel such as armour plates for ships or forts, tubes, breech-pieces and hoops employed in making Ordnance, projectiles, rollers for rolling metal, axles,shafting and the like,are enabled to be tempered with the advantages attending the use of a bath, composed of molten metal as hereinafter described.
+
+The employment of a metallic bath presents a double advantage. In the first place, it ensures greater uniformity of temper, the different parts of the surface of the article being in contact with a metal, the temperature of which may be considered as being practically the same at its different parts owing to the great conductivity of fluid metal as compared to a non-metallic liquid. In the second place, the temperature of the bath may be raised to a sufficiently high degree to obviate all danger of strain or unequal tension of the parts of the article or fracture resulting from the tempering operation.",GB188610823A,1
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms intended to be used in rifle and ordnance practice, and consists in forming the rifle or piece in such a manner that long range firing may be successfully practiced over short ranges.This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms used in rifle and ordnance practice, and consists in forming the rifle or piece in such a manner that longe range firing may be successfully practiced over short ranges.",GB186701934A,0
+"It will thus be seen that in the making of wheels and tyres several distinct combinations may be formed with the different metals or alloys before described, and whereby the hardness and durability of one part, and the necessary cohesion and strength of others, may be obtained in the same wheel or tyre to a greater extent than would result from the use of any one quality of metal if used alone.",GB185802747A,1
+The object of this Invention is to furnish a method by which such incandescent conductors may be made of the materials named and of allied substances.,GB188101918A,0
+"The essential feature of this Invention consists in the use of sulphuric acid,
+water, salt, lime, potash, sulphate of copper, protoxyd of lead, biborate of soda, and manganese; said ingredients being prepared and mixed with melted cast
+iron during the puddling or boiling process in the manner herein-after
+described for the purpose of purifying, toughening, strengthening, and
+imparting different degrees of hardness to the iron produced.",GB186501793A,1
+"""And the object of the said Invention is to obviate the various difficulties and drawbacks hitherto incident to the practise of the plumber's art; for example, it is the ordinary practice in fitting stop-cocks and Tjoints to range boilers and other like apparatus to ""wipe"" the Tjoint into the pipe and also to ""wipo"" the stop-cock on the pipe in proper relation with the T joint, three ""wiped"" joints being thereby rendered necessary in applying the Tjoint and stop-cock to the boiler; an unsightly and cumbrous piece of work being thus pro- duced, and the joints being liable to ""sweat"" where the Ṭ joint and stop-cock are inserted. In order to avoid this particular difficulty and source of inconvenience and loss this Invention comprises a new and complete combined stop-cock and T joint formed in one with a short section pipe, and provided at each end with a screw thread, by which means the insertion of the T joint and stop-cock by the clumsy ""wiped"" joints is avoided, and provision is made for the insertion of the device and of the pipe at a mere fraction of the cost involved in the practise of the usual method of ""wiping,"" as herein-before explained.""
+
+""Moreover in order to provide for those cases where for any reason the use of the screw threads would be considered objectionable the Invention comprises a modi- fication of the feature just herein-before referred to, which modification consists in a combined stop-cock and T joint formed in one with a short connecting section of pipe, and with its end made tapering and tinned or speltered, by which means I provide a stop-cock and T joint always in the requisite relation with each other, and which will not ""sweat"" or leak, and which may be readily applied in the pipe of the range boiler or other apparatus, to which it may be applied by the insertion of its ends in the sections of such pipe, and the soldering of such sections to the tinned or speltered ends of the combined stop-cock and T joint instead of directly to each other.""
+
+""And much difficulty has been experienced in forming T couplings, commonly so termed, by soldering a pipe section at right angles to another pipe or pipe section. In order to obviate this difficulty I use a novel † coupling composed of two separate and distinct sleeves or collars constructed with a flange and combined with nuts having internal shoulders with flaring internal thimbles and a T shaped body, the whole so constructed and combined as to provide a simple, strong, and durable T coupling by which three separate pipes or pipe sections may be as firmly con- nected as if soldered together, and without any of the inconvenience, liability of ""sweating,' and derangement experienced with the ordinary T coupling. Moreover pipe couplings as ordinarily constructed are liable to leak, are more or less weak, expensive, complicated, and deficient in strength; and in order to provide a coupling in which these defects shall be obviated this Invention comprises a doubly tapered packing sleeve of india-rubber or other compressible material in combina- tion with the internal thimble, the sleeve, the two threaded sections of a pipe coupling, and the flared ends of the lengths or sections of pipe to be joined.""
+
+""Moreover in many cases, especially where the pipes are made of copper, brass, or other metal instead of lead, and used, for example, as steam pipes in which india- rubber would be liable to injury, it is frequently desirable that a compressed non- elastic material for packing should be used; and in order to provide for such con- ditions of use a modification of the above-named feature of this Invention comprises the combination of an internal hard metal bracing sleeve provided with a thickness or coating of lead or other soft metal, and of doubly tapering form, with the flared ends of the pipe sections to be joined and the two screw threaded sections of the coupling, the parts being so constructed and arranged that when the ends of the pipe sections are brought against each other by the screwing together of the threaded sections of the coupling the lead or soft metal coating of the internal bracing thimble will be forced tightly against and be made to closely conform to the flaring inner surface of the said ends of the pipe section, thereby rendering the joint impervious and tight.""
+
+""It is frequently desirable or necessary to couple together lengths of flexible pipe of various kinds; for example, that made of soft or yielding material, and the fastenings or couplings hitherto in use for this purpose have been more or less defective when subjected to the test of continued use. To provide a durable and efficient coupling for such flexible pipes the Invention comprises a screw threaded or circumferential corrugated internal thimble arranged within the contiguous sections of flexible pipe to be joined and used in connection with the two sections, an annular sleeve or washer of a pipe coupling the parts being so constructed and arranged that the ends of the flexible pipe sections are firmly gripped and compressed between the aforesaid thimble on the inner side, and the coupling sections and sleeve on the outer side, the threaded or corrugated surface of the thimble effectually preventing the longitudinal slipping of the sections, aud thereby ensuring their firm retention at the joint.""
+
+""Much difficulty has hitherto been experienced in connecting a number of pipes diverging in different directions at a point of common junction, as for example, at the outlet of a sink or the like, and in order to avoid the slow, expensive, and com- paratively unreliable method hitherto commonly in use this Invention comprises a multifold coupling constructed with a suitable thread and nut for attachment to the sink or other article in connection with which the device is to be used, and with a number of tinned or speltered tapering coupling necks, radiating or projecting in various directions from the body of the coupling, whereby provision is made for the ready soldering of the pipo to the aforesaid coupling necks, in order to make such pipes continuous with the bore of the body of the coupling and with all parts having communication with the said body.""
+
+""Furthermore, in attaching pipe sections to a faucet by means of a screw coupling it is desirable in many cases to dispense with the use of the internal detachable thimble, which in certain other cases I find efficient and useful in practise. To meet such case this Invention comprises a pipe and faucet coupling, in which the tubular coupling piece is constructed with a fixed and permanent thimble of tapering form provided upon the end thereof, and made in one therewith in combi- nation with an external sleeve arranged upon the end of the pipe section to be attached a movable coupling nut and screw thread formed on the tubular coupling piece aforesaid, the whole so combined and arranged that the fixed thimble being snugly fitted within the end of the pipe section (enlarged to flaring form for the purpose), and the sleeve brought upon the external surface of said portion of the pipe section, the screwing home of the coupling nut firmly combines the end of the pipe section between the fixed thimble and the sleeve, thereby not only firmly affixing the pipe section to the coupling pieco, but also so firmly embedding the fixed thimble in the soft metal of the pipe section as to form a rigid and tight joint without any intermittent packing.""
+
+""In order to add increased strength and firmness to the last-mentioned feature of this Invention I employ a novel combination of a flange provided on the flaring end of the pipe section with the flange of the external sleeve, with the end surface of the coupling piece and with the locking nut, these several parts being constructed and arranged to give the desired increased strength and permanence to the last previously mentioned feature of the said Invention.""",GB187602637A,1
+"To simplify and ease its working thereby allowing it to be worked at a much greater speed, with considerably less manual labour, and discharging the water upon the burning or other material with greater force than can be accomplished by the present mode of working the ordinary hand pump now in use.",GB188401127A,0
+"The invention relates to life and vessel wing apparatus, and its object is to provide a new and improved line throwing apparatus for use on marine vessels, to establish communication with the shore, and to aid a disabled or drifting ship in making a safe landing.",GB189508584A,0
+"It is often desirable that incandescence mantles, after they have been manufactured ready for use, should have some distinguishing mark of origin or some caution as to their use or sale. This invention relates to a method of marking mantles which is effected in the following manner.",GB189912077A,0
+"The object of the present invention is to so construct the plates or electrodes for secondary batteries that the spongy metallic lead of which same are composed shall be intimately and securely attached to a rigid frame, whereby such plates or electrodes will be prevented from becoming distorted and thus affecting the efficiency of the accumulator, while such plates or electrodes will be much more permanent than those hitherto employed, so that the life of the battery will be considerably increased.",GB189212665A,1
+"""The object of the invention is to diminish the time, labor and expense incident to finishing the heads of cigars and to produce a machine which will automatically and perfectly finish the cigars, the latter, when ejected from the machine, being ready for the market.""",GB189730203A,0
+"My invention relates to single trigger locks for fire arms and especially for double barreled shot guns, and has for its object to provide a new mechanism through which a single trigger may be employed to fire either of a plurality of barrels, and which is characterized by simplicity of construction and directness and accuracy in operation. With such mechanism I may and preferably do combine and employ devices whereby jar-off, that is to say the unintentional discharge of the second barrel when the first is fired, is effectually prevented.",GB189627310A,0
+"This our invention has reference to the manufacture of buffer-cases or buffer- sockets for railway-carriages, railway-wagons or the like rolling-stock, the object of our invention being to diminish or minimise shock, and damage to such vehicles in cases of collision. The construction of buffer-cases or buffer-sockets which are first made in halves or two portions from pressed or stamped steel plate, or wrought-iron plate and afterwards rivetted or bolted together, with a rim or flange e of suitable size and width at their inner or larger end during the process of stamping such portions for enabling a wood block, or a stamped steel or wrought-iron plate or washer f of suitable thickness and a suitable wood block g with a hole of suitable size through such metallic plate and wood block to be fitted within the recess forme.l by such circumferential rim for reducing shock, and damage to the underframes of railway vehicles by collisious, and fixing or inserting a steel, or wrought-iron ferrule d within the neck or outer end of such connected halves or portions to. serve as an internal bush, and afterwards bending or curving the outer end of such bush or ferrule by any suitable means over or around the outer end or neck of such connected portions for strengthening such necks, so that the outer curved end of such ferrules will conform to, or approximately to the radius of the juncture of a. buffer-rod with its buffer-head as herein substantially described, set forth and illustrated on the drawings hereto annexed. The construction of buffer-cases or buffer sockets which are first made in. halves or two portions from pressed or stamped steel plate, or wrought-iron plate,. and afterwards rivetted or bolted together, with a rim or flange e of suitable size and width at their inner or larger end during the process of stamping such portions and afterwards welding such rims at their meeting edges so as to form a continuous. rim, and fitting or fixing a wood block g, or a stamped steel or wrought-iron plate or washer of suitable thickness and a suitable wood block g with a hole of suitable size through such metallic plate and wood-block within the recess formed by such circumferential rim for reducing shock, and damage to the underframing of railway vehicles by collisions, and fixing or inserting a steel, or wrought-iron ferrule d within the neck or outer end of such connected halves or portions to. serve as an internal bush, and afterwards bending or curving the outer end of such bush or ferrule by any suitable means over or around the outer end or neck of such connected portions for strengthening such necks, so that the curved end of such ferrules will conform to, or approximately to the radius of the juncture of a buffer-rod with its buffer-head as herein substantially described, set forth and illustrated on the drawings hereto annexed.",GB189615791A,0

quality_improving_classifier_train_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+stated_aims,patent_id,quality_improving
+"This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of compounds of india rubber of gutta percha and of oils for insulating electrical conductors, and for other uses. The inferior gutta percha thus becoming tough and strong will be found very useful, whereas it is of no important use at the present time from its rotten and weak condition.",GB188205388A,1
+"These different tiles are provided on their under side with grooves L' for enabling the heat produced below the floor to be freely disengaged. Upon their outer circumference these tiles are provided with notches or recesses the object of which is to enable the heat produced beneath the floor to escape to the interior of the oven. The tiles forming the arch of the furnace are also provided with ribs re for the purpose of directing the passage of the gas and to direct the heat on the articles to be baked. The object of the upper netting being to prevent the gases from redescending and igniting the gas at the injector nozzle, and the object of the lower one is to prevent the outer air current from entering too rapidly, thereby causing an irregular air supply. In the modification used for the third form of application of this oven that is to say for heating the ""forms"" or moulds employed by spectacle makers, the general arrangement must of necessity be adapted to the special purpose in view. In order to permit of their being easily inserted or withdrawn without fear of accident, other iron pieces X+ forming extensions of those first mentioned are so arranged as to slide upon a table provided for the purpose, so that they may be brought against the first mentioned iron pieces by means of a manipulating handle 0, when the door has been lifted.",GB189615978A,0
+"The adjustment of this weft mechanism is so simple and yet so accurate, that, on the slightest defect in the weft, even by the lightest float, the loom will be stopped, and thereby all the picking out, and the great loss usually caused by imperfect cloth, avoided.",GB188202894A,1
+"The present improvements relate to the extracting and ejecting mechanism of drop-down sporting guns and rifles; the objects of this invention being to provide means for the better extraction of unfired cartridges, and to simplify the ejecting mechanism and so arrange it that the ejector-springs are automatically released when the gun or rifle is taken apart.",GB188909062A,0
+"This invention has for its object a process, and the apparatus necessary for carrying out the same, for making boxes or cases of cardboard, leather, and the like, by means of endless sheet metal clamp-strips employed in the machines.",GB189411935A,0
+"My improvements in the construction of condensers for steam engines, and pumps for working them or for any other purpose, have for their object a means of augmenting the power of condensing engines, of simplifying their construction, and consequently of effecting great economy of fuel; and also of simplifying and of increasing the utility of force pumps to a greater extent than has yet been obtained by any of the varied contrivances which have hitherto been constructed.",GB185801928A,0
+"Now, the object of the present Invention is to adapt the apparatus known as Coffey's distilling apparatus to this process.",GB185702906A,0
+"This invention relates to a device to be used in connection with prepayment meter cash boxes and like articles and its object is to provide a means by which such articles may be secured without requiring the use of locks, padlocks or similar fastenings.",GB189713746A,0
+"The object of this invention is attained by making the draw-catches a a¹ (one of each of said catches a a¹ being attached to one or the other of the outer ends of each swing bar b), of varied lengths increasing progressively from those at the back part of the machine to those at the front part thereof or in other words making the catch a², which is near the back of the machine, of a suitable length, and the catch a of an appropriately longer length, the catches arranged between the two varying in length and arrangement as shewn by fig. 2. We further make use of a ratchet and ratchet wheel arrangement in connection with the pattern cylinder employed in the heald operating mechanisms above referred to, whereby the object well known as lagging back"" may be accomplished when lags each having two rows or series of indicating pegs one row or series to operate one of the series of catches a or a¹ while the other is to operate the other series, are used in connection with said pattern cylinder, in such a manner that the liability of said lags being disarranged so as to place the catches upon which they operate at cross purposes, when the operator changes the ratchet mechanism for the said purpose of ""lagging back,"" is entirely avoided. This object is attained by mounting an additional ratchet-wheel upon the cylinder's shaft in such a manner that its teeth g' may be opposed to its operating ratchet so that while the ratchet A¹, which operates the ratchet wheel g�� usually employed, pushes same so as to rotate the pattern cylinder in the direction indicatedl by the arrow by, say, the forward movement of the lever dupon which it is mounted, the ratchet which operates the ratchet wheel. will rotate said cylinder.in the opposite direction to that indicated by arrow by the return, say backward, movement of the lever to which it, as well as the ratchet A' is mounted, provided that the operator has, by the pin attached to the lever n which is mounted loosely upon the shaft and operated by the rod o, manually placed one ratchet out of and the other into position at the proper time to effect this interchange of action as by moving the said rod o and causing said pin m to recede from the ratchet and move to hold the ratchet clear of the ratchet wheel while the weighted end of the ratchet k by gravity brings said ratchet into operating contact with its ratchet-wheel g, so that the actions of said ratchets and occur at opposite times relatively with the time of movement of the lever d to which they are mounted.",GB188813859A,0
+"""The object of the present invention is to provide a construction whereby the core-rods can be run up within and withdrawn from the mould from below and the material conveniently introduced into the mould in successive lots, and each lot packed or tamped as soon as it has been thus introduced, thereby properly and uniformly compacting the entire mass and forming a conduit-section having the required density throughout.""",GB188515078A,0
+The object of this invention is to provide a circular cutter for use in forming blanks out of rods for making metal screws and other purposes where a cylindrical stem and a square shoulder to the head is required.,GB189608501A,0
+One of the great difficulties of fire escapes as hitherto designed has been that if fixtures to a building they were never ready for use when wanted or if not fixtures there was delay and difficulty in obtaining and applying them at the time of need. Now by my invention I seek to overcome those difficulties which I do in the following manner. The object of this and the succeeding figures being to show how convéniently these fire escape ladders may be used for other purposes of utility and ornamentation.,GB189016759A,0
+"""Our invention has for its object to simplify and abridge the process of metallic printing and to render the impression more clear and durable.""",GB188202929A,1
+"The object of this my said invention is to ensure that the ""nebs"" which carry the top rollers shall be all lineable and true to each other, so as to avoid the twist, or uneven line in the rollers inseparable from the use of mountings as heretofore constructed, also to provide improved means of securing the brackets which carry the neb fingers on their shaft, and to prevent the nebs coming in contact with or falling upon the rollers.This invention relates to an improvement in the mountings of the top rollers of roving, spinning, and twisting frames, the object being to secure and preserve a correct alignment of said rollers so as to prevent the twisting of same inseparable from the mountings as at present constructed.",GB188815823A,0
+"The improvements which form the subject of the present Invention relate particularly to those lithographic presses called ""cylindrical,"" which they render applicable for chemical printing from metal, thus giving a practical solution to ""metallography."" The cylinder press which forms the subject of the present Invention is characterized by various novel combinations, the principal of which are as follows:-Firstly, the movement of the table which presents the paper to the action of the printing cylinder; secondly, a special registering apparatus; thirdly, an arrangement of rocking levers for moving the upper inking roller alternately from one side to the other; fourthly, a rule or straight edge intended to prevent the creasing or unevenness of the sheet of paper to be printed on whenever the pressure gives it a tendency to rise up; fifthly, a movable continuous ink distributing apparatus; and, sixthly, a movable web which gives the necessary resistance at the moment of the impression. This to-and-fro movement of the first inking roller is intended to render the inking more uniform. In order further to equalize the effect of the damping roller the cylinder is furnished between the damping and inking rollers with a bar or strip, faced with sponge or other suitable material, to which a reciprocating motion is imparted by pins working in undulating grooves in two cams on the axis of the cylinder.",GB186603331A,0
+"The object of my invention is to provide a ball bearing for cycle frames, consisting of an independent case or box containing the usual balls running in suitable grooves or channels.",GB189121743A,0
+"This Invention relates to machinery employed in the finishing of textile or other fabrics, known as tentering and drying, in which process it is necessary to stretch or expand the fabrics, and the object of the first part is to produce or effect uniformity in the stretch or expansion, also any degree or amount as may be required thereon; for which purpose we apply a roller or rollers at the feeding end of the machine for retarding or holding back the fabrics as they are fed thereto, such roller or rollers being driven at a less or lower surface speed than the rollers and chains or other conducting means by which the fabrics are travelled through the machine, and are capable of more or less speed being readily given thereto, according to the amount of stretch or expansion required.",GB186300782A,0
+The object of providing this movable extension of the bush is that the water level in the tank may be easily regulated by adjusting the height of the nose above the bore of the bush j.,GB188614099A,0
+"By reason of the said improvement I believe that the accuracy of fit and the durability of the parts are increased, and I am also enabled to reduce the diameter of the barrel of the bobbin.",GB187601838A,1
+"The objects of our invention are to provide a paint which shall more effectually resist the destructive action of salt water; shall not be easily removed by the washing action of waves; and shall impede or retard the growth of marine matter, whether vegetable or animal upon the painted surface.",GB189423849A,1
+"The object of the Invention is to dispense wholly or in part with the hand labor in cutting the rubber sheet into shapes after leaving the printing rolls, and to cut said sheets into continuous strips, shaped and cut ready to be made into blanks, by simply separating the duplicated shapes crosswise of the strip. The object of the cam roll M and its grooves is to give a more positive motion to the carriages and spindles and to relieve the spindles in part from the duty of driving the carriages, and to depend on the grooves L, L, only to give the proper angle to the revolving knives.",GB187802136A,0
+"The object of one part of the Invention is to facilitate the passage of the thread carrier between adjoining needles when desired. The object of another part of the Invention is to obtain additional strength to jack or drawing sinkers when the action upon them for ""drawing is effected by the direct action of the slur cock. The object of another part of the Invention is to enable the length of loops obtained during any course or series of courses in the production of parts of the fabric to be varied.
+The object of the first part of the Invention is to facilitate the passage of the thread carrier between adjoining needles when desired. The object of the second part of the Invention is to obtain additional .strength to jack or drawing sinkers when the action upon them for "" drawing"" is effected by the direct action of the slur cock. The object of this is to facilitate their action in passing under the loops which have been formed on the ""machine"" needles, and the holding of such loops during their being shifted from one set of needles to another.",GB187400713A,1
+The object of this Invention is improvements in appliances for securing window curtains and maintaining them in a stretched position whereby the height or position of the curtain rod may be regulated at will.,GB188205100A,0
+"The object of this Invention is to produce a cheap and durable fabric with a worsted surface to be used for all purposes of carpeting. My Invention of ""An Improved Mode of Manufacturing Carpets"" has for its object to produce a cheap and durable fabric with a corded or ribbed worsted surface somewhat resembling Brussels carpeting, and which fabric may be used for all purposes of carpeting. The main object being to produce on the fabric a closed corded or ribbed worsted face in imitation of Brussels carpet with the least possible expenditure of wool.",GB185302019A,1
+"The object of this invention is to prevent atmospheric gas burners from lighting back at the air inlet opening, also applicable to all kinds of atmospheric gas burners made with gas barrel or metal tube. The object of this invention is to prevent atmospheric gas burners from lighting back at the air inlet opening, as applied to Soldering Irons, Kilns, ovens, and atino-spheric Gas burners for heat ingpurposes.",GB188612298A,0
+"""This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of apparatus for binding sheaves, the object being to complete the band before it is severed from the length of wire or other material from which it is taken, and thereby to prevent the escape of a loose end and a consequent failure of the twisting mechanism.""",GB187704802A,0
+"The object of our invention is to construct stair treads and other floor surfaces, in such a manner that they are of a soft and non-slipping nature, whilst at the same time they are exceedingly strong and durable.",GB189507106A,1
+"The object of this invention is to provide a railway sleeper which will be strong,. light, will last a considerable time and be more simple in construction than those sleepers of the kind at present made.
+The object of this invention is to provide a metallic railroad sleeper which will be comparatively light and the parts so disposed and braced as to present a strong and durable structure that will properly support the rails to withstand the jars which come upon the same in use.",GB189811898A,1
+"I wish it understood that I claim, the process herein described of combining calcareous earth or clay and coal dust or coal waste in boiling water, and of combining the mixture of clay and coal dust at a high temperature with asphalt or the like, for the purpose set forth.",GB187503622A,0
+"""Now according to my Invention I first seam the corset, and place on a strip of material over the seam; this done I stitch the seams and material together in a diamond, zigzag, curved, or equivalent form or device, the said stitches crossing and recrossing the central or main seam at narrow or wide intervals or distances, and by this means I secure the seams together in such manner as to be practically unyieldable, and not capable of bursting under any pressure to which they may be subjected as they do now. Moreover by my Invention I obtain not only a firm unburstable scam, but if desired ornamentally stitched at the same time, such ornamentation being capable of being varied as fancy and taste may dictate.""",GB188100606A,1
+"Now the object of the first part of my Invention is so to form the working surfaces of a capstan or other barrel that such surfaces shall be equally effective, whether using a large or a small chain.",GB184711666A,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for propelling vessels when twin screw propellers are employed.,GB186400514A,0
+This invention relates to the means used for securing propeller blades to their bosses and has been devised in order that such blades may be held more securely in position than when fixed in the ordinary way.,GB189900135A,0
+"This invention refers to scribbling or carding machines for carding wool and like fibres and our improvements consist of means or a combination of means for considerably increasing the working surface of the cylinder or cylinders or swifts whereby much more work can be done with less waste than previously and a finer better and stronger yarn produced.
+
+This invention refers to scribbling or carding machines for carding wool and like fibres and our improvements consist of the application and employment, in combination with the main swift or cylinder, or each swift or cylinder, of a scribbling or carding machine, of two or more separate and distinct endless chains of card flats or endless cards which considerably increase the working surface on the cylinder or swift and admit of much more work being done with less waste than previously and a finer better and stronger yarn produced.",GB189700142A,1
+"This boiler of three thousand horse power, is made of one continuous tube, which may be (say) from 1 inch to 6 inches in diameter; the water is in this tube, the generated pressure of the steam being from 100 lbs to 7000 lbs per square inch; and this without boiler explosions-In steam of 700 lbs pressure per square inch there is more utilisable power in one Ton of it than in a Ton and half as steam is commonly generated and used, whilst this Boiler will generate it as less cost per Ton than the present boilers. To make this a property invention I had to make it in such way as to be safe, workable, simple in structure, of little cost in construction, yet durable in practice, and economically effective in every day work.",GB188405131A,1
+"This Invention relates to the manufacture of covered cardboard boxes or cases for various purposes, such as for holding wax vestas, matches, cigarettes, and cigars, the object of the Invention being to produce at a low price a box which shall have the appearance of a box or case made of a relatively high priced material, such as leather, and which shall at the same time be strong and serviceable.",GB188102941A,0
+"When sheathings will be made use of, a thinner coat of the paint will be applied on them than in the preceding case, and as the paint has for object to preserve from oxydation the materials on which it is applied, sheathings of sheet iron or zinc will be found as durable as the copper ones hitherto in use.",GB185700139A,1
+"This invention has for its object to provide a postal envelope, wrapper, postcard or letter card which being combined with one or more advertisements that pay part of, or the entire cost of the said articles, can be sold profitably at or below their intrinsic value or given away to customers.",GB189420868A,0
+"This invention relates to dies for making mosaics, and consists of an improved construction thereof, whereby we are enabled to make the cut at the face of the mosaic sharp and well defined and in addition to fracture the blank from which the mosaics are cut on substantially a right line or transversely, so that it is unnecessary to finish or true the mosaics after cutting.",GB189910311A,0
+"My invention relates, to a simple formation of attachment for the ends of cords, or hands such as required for suspending pictures, window cords, machine bands, and other similar connections, and has for its object an easy and secure means of connecting the same.",GB188614796A,0
+"This invention has for its object a method for the prevention of accidents in mines, hoists, and other places, which result from over-winding, owing to the engine-man forgetting or being unable through fainting or other causes to slacken off speed as the cages approach the top and bottom. This invention has for its object a method of and apparatus for the prevention of accidents in mines, hoists, and other places, which result from overwinding, owing to the engine man or attendant forgetting or being unable through fainting or other causes to slacken off speed, as the cage approaches the top or bottom.",GB188717875A,0
+This invention relates to secondary or accumulator cells and the object of the same is to enable such cells to be constructed at a minimum cost and in such a compact shape that they will occupy the minimum amount of space.,GB189512622A,0
+"The said improvements ensure a reliable and regular action of these apparatuses, they moreover facilitate their construction and afford great safety.",GB189610121A,1
+"The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described to construct a single arm anchor, which shall be weldless, and be also as strong and certain in its action or gripping powers as the double arm anchors now commonly used, but which shall be constructed at a much less cost, by reason of the saving of labour and material in its manufacture, as herein-after explained.",GB187700645A,0
+"The second part of this Invention has reference to the manufacture of type formed partly by pressure and partly by casting, or other means, that is to say, the letter or character forming the face of the type is produced by pressure in a matrix, such face having the body of the type attached thereto at a subsequent operation. By this means I produce a better article, and at the same time effect considerable saving by forming the letter or character of copper or other metal best adapted for the purpose, while the body of the type is of inferior metal. I am also enabled to render the metal of the face or character much harder, there being only a small portion or thickness of metal between the pressure surfaces, which increased hardness not only conduces to the lasting properties of the type, but takes sharper and finer impressions.",GB185214309A,1
+"The object of the Invention is, the transformation of napthaline into nitro- napthaline, napthylamine, and salts, or compounds of napthylamine, and the transformation into colouring matters. of the napthylamine and salts, or compounds of napthylamine by oxidizing and other agents, and the modi- fication and alteration of such colouring matters by means of re-agents, and the application of the same for printing, dyeing, or otherwise colouring silk, wool, cotton, skins, feathers, and other articles, either with or without mordants.",GB185902939A,0
+"To prevent the rattling and noise which usually accompanies the passage of the air through the hollow arm and ball of the trap from the steam pipes and also to prevent the possible premature lifting of the ball float, I place an air relief valve upon the aforesaid valve box.",GB189508510A,0
+"My invention relates to cycles of the kind known as the ""Coventry Chair"" in which a passenger chair or body is arranged in front, and which is propelled by a rider seated behind; and my said invention consists in the hereinafter described means for applying a motor to the said Coventry Chair. An important part of my invention relates to the means for adjusting the tension of the two chains.",GB189820763A,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in annealing or softening wire. This Invention has for its object improvements in annealing or softening wire.,GB185902347A,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in ornamenting glass china or other vitreous surfaces. This invention has for its object improvements in ornamenting glass china or other vitreous surfaces.,GB188511351A,0
+"Numerous investigations have heretofore been made with the object of effecting improvements in the art of tanning. With this object employ lime, one of the earthy alkalines in general use.",GB189011397A,0
+"The object of this Invention which is particularly applicable to the manufacture of boiler tubes is to produce tubes that will be less costly and more durable than scamless copper tubes made in the ordinary manner, and superior to brazed copper tubes or brass tubes. The object of the tin is to render the alloy tough and strong, and the spelter is chiefly to render the alloy homogenous.",GB187401120A,1
+"It relates to stands for use in supporting or displaying boots and shoes, hats, or the like, and consists in so forming or constructing same that said stands lend themselves to ornamentation, while at the same time they are rendered far less liable to being affected by the deleterious actions of the atmosphere than is the case with those of ordinary construction.",GB189900814A,1
+"Our invention relates to current-motors, and our object is to produce a current motor for use in generating electricity at a minimum cost, which is positive and reliable in operation, strong and durable in construction, and which may be thrown from operative to inoperative position or vice versa with ease and dispatch.",GB189819984A,1
+"The object of this invention is to provide means whereby swan incandescent electric lamps can be installed in moist places or in the open air, and, to this end, the lamp holder is so constructed that it will withstand the action of moisture.",GB189911010A,1
+By our Invention a pneumatic tyre is prevented from collapsing when the air has partly escaped therefrom and is thus prevented from being damaged when used in a deflated or partly deflated state.,GB189629269A,1
+"This Invention relates to rock drilling apparatus, and has for one of its objects to facilitate the operation of setting up and adjusting the position of the drilling machine, and to increase the range of positions in which the tripod itself and consequently the machine supported thereon can be mounted, and to enable the position of the machine to be varied relative to the tripod and material to be drilled without disturbing the tripod itself, so that a number of holes may be drilled at proper distances apart by a single setting up of the tripod.",GB188104764A,0
+"The object of this invention is a process and machinery whereby material which had not been heretofore found proper and suitable for the manufacture of briquettes, can now be fully utilized for this purpose; this process and machinery being however more particularly adaptable for the manufacture of briquettes consisting not only of brown coal but also of finely pulverized coal and the like. This process will be found particularly advantageous for the manufacture of briquettes from brown coal deficient in tar such as could not be hitherto nade into briquettes and even when such briquettes were made with considerable difficulty they were not useful. This invention is characterized by the fulfilment of a great improvement that henceforward all sorts of brown coal deficient in tar shall be utilized but also even the rubbish or slack will be treated to advantage for the manufacture of briquettes.",GB189523766A,0
+My invention has for its object improvements in door knockers which are made so as to cause the alarm to be less outside than inside the house which is really the desideratum in such articles.,GB189522565A,0
+"""The object of my invention is to simplify this arrangement by doing away with the said stepped cones, auxiliary shaft, gearing and countershaft, and substituting therefor a simple arrangement which I will now describe.""",GB189406852A,0
+This invention is designed to prevent as far as may be the heating of the picker through friction on the picker spindle to ensure parallel or direct action of the picker linable with the picker spindle and to render the picker more durable.,GB188504107A,1
+The object of the invention is to provide a simple and effective clamping device that may be readily connected to the object to which the table is to be attached and will effectually retain the standard for supporting the table in a perfectly upright position and prevent the clamping device from having any lateral movement or any strain thereon in a lateral direction.,GB189218161A,0
+My invention has reference to apparatus for heating and ventilating and more especially to apparatus such as is described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 20781 of 1892 granted to me and employed for creating currents for the ventilation of sewers and disinfecting foul air and gases issuing therefrom and the principal object of my present invention is to obviate the liability to explosions due to the leakage of town gas into the sewers.,GB189420881A,0
+The chief object of this Invention is to provide a means for filtering the water used by soldiers during a campaign.,GB185400953A,0
+"This Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in studs or collar buttons; and the object of the invention is to provide a new and improved collar button which is simple in construction, strong, and durable, and which requires no soldering of parts.",GB188715224A,1
+"This invention relates to certain improvements in journals or bearings for axles and shafts, the object being to ensure a good lubrication, of the bearing and shaft or axle by means of loose fitting rings within the bearing proper which rings are occasionly rotated by surface contact with the axle, shaft, or bearing to lift the oil or grease from a well or chamber for distribution and perfect lubrication of the surfaces on which the axle or shaft bears.",GB188810148A,0
+"In this it will be seen, one of the objects in view was that of equalizing the action of the follow or double lover, whilst one of the most important features in this kind of lock-namely that of getting it as near as possible to the bottom of the case, appears to have been overlooked-Moreover whilst also aiming at the reduction of friction, from the fact of forming knife edges upon what are commonly called the horns of the follow or double lever, as shewn at-C-C-it has positively been increased.",GB188803784A,0
+"Inwardly the cylindrical chamber is fitted with mushrooms,"" the object of which is to alternately raise the hides in the course of rotation and to allow them to drop into the liquid. It will be understood that the mushroom shape given to these pieces, which are substitutes for the usual pegs, is far more favourable to the successful completion of the process than the peg shape; for they are intended to raise the hides in the apparatus as high as possible and let them drop into the liquid again abruptly, so as to impart to them a somewhat violent shock as they sink back into the liquor, thereby assisting the penetration of the juice.",GB189716804A,0
+"This invention has for its main object to combine, in one implement or appliance, means for ploughing the land, breaking up the clods, pulverising the earth, and eradicating and destroying weeds.",GB189404442A,0
+"According to my invention I treat wetted grain (and other granular or other substances in a wet or damp condition) by means of automatically operating machinery in such manner as to render the grain dry, clean and cool with the germs or blue-heads and the outer hulls or husks removed, and fit for being ground or milled, and in such condition that all the products afterwards obtained in the flour mill represent a much higher value the bran for instance is light clean and dry and it becomes impossible for the silk to become stopped up or clogged which often occurs when too damp grain is ground.",GB189605756A,0
+This Invention has for its object to construct light portable trees for stretching or restoring to shape boots and other articles of wearing apparel. This Invention has for its object to construct light portable trees for stretching or restoring to shape boots and other articles of wearing apparel.,GB187802983A,0
+"The object of my improvements is, first, to provide the wheels of said wagons with an improved elastic face or tread, commonly known as elastic tires, which will not only be cheap, strong, and durable, but will possess superior advantages as a traction wheel over those at present in use. A further object consists in attaching to the rear of said traction wagon a series of revolving screw-shaped cutters or blades for digging, cutting, or turning the soil when it is desired to convert said steam wagon into a steam plow or cultivator.",GB187202127A,1
+"The advantage of this system is, that the solidity of the road is maintained in all weathers by the constant adherence of the composition, while in the ordinary macadamized road the adherence or cohesion of the road is interrupted, both by excess of dryness and excess of moisture, and the road becomes disintegrated and the stones crushed, which gives rise to dust or mud. The cohesion of all parts of the road permits the surface to be left rough, and thus to avoid the slippery surface which is generally presented by an asphalte pavement.",GB185200719A,1
+"""The object of my Invention is, firstly, to effect by means of a mechanism provided with keys similar to those of a pianoforte and other musical instruments a result similar to that termed writing, and thus dispense with the use of pens, pencils, and other writing implements, and, secondly, by the same means to dispense with the use of printers' type or founts of type in the process of type composition and printing.""",GB187201912A,0
+"Such being the nature and object of our said Invention, the following is a complete description of same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.",GB188606121A,0
+"This invention refers to improvements in or relating to hoists or elevators employed in mills, warehouses, and other buildings, and has for its object that of providing means for automatically locking and unlocking the doors of the hoist-well by the movements of the cage. This invention is equally applicable to sliding, folding, and swing doors and is designed to automatically lock each door in the hoist-well when the cage moves away from the same, thereby preventing the doors being opened until the cage returns and reducing the possibility of accident from falling down the hoist-well to a minimum.",GB189208022A,0
+"Now, the object of the present invention is to obtain a simple and inexpensive device, which, whilst performing all the functions of the device lastly hereinbefore referred to, is adapted to be placed in a position accessible to the operator so that he can readily adjust the position of a blind to a nicety, whilst, at the same time, the device will be more or less silent in its action.",GB189613075A,0
+"Our improvements in jacquards consists in simplifying their construction, making them positive and reliable in their action, and adaptable for weaving narrow and broad pieces.",GB188407786A,1
+"""Another of the improved contrivances for igniting gas by the catalytic action of the compact platinum in contact with the gas, as described, is intended to be applied to street gas lamps for the purpose of either simultaneously lighting or extinguishing a number of lamps from a single station with the smallest possible loss of gas or other material.""",GB187003228A,0
+"This improvement has for its special purpose the conveyance of household refuse and the contents of dust bins from the bin to the dust cart and thence to the destructor or other receptacle without being blown about or scattered. The object of my invention is to manufacture an improved sack or bag, more especially, but not exclusively, suitable for use with my improved dust-bins described in relation to my Application for Letters Patent No. 4992"". The sack is chiefly intended for use with my improved dust-bin, as described in my aforesaid application, for the conveyance of household refuse and the contents of dust bins from the bins to the dust cart, and thence to the destructor or other receptacle, thus preventing the contents being blown about or scattered.",GB189604993A,0
+"My invention relates to means for indicating the level of liquids in vessels containing the same, and is chiefly designed for use in connection with the oil holders or reservoirs of petroleum and similar lamps for the purpose of enabling a person, when he is pouring oil therein, to know when a sufficient quantity thereof has been supplied, and thus (amongst other advantages) preventing overfilling.",GB188705675A,0
+"This Invention relates to the manufacture of malleable iron and steel from molten, pig, or cast iron in a special manner as herein-after described, whereby the quality is much improved and the length of time of manufacture is considerably shortened.",GB187100160A,1
+"""The object of the first part of my invention is to produce a button which, while presenting more or less the appearance of a button as at present manufactured, shall nevertheless retain its lustre in the presence of those chemicals which have hitherto caused the surface to become tarnished and spoiled as before stated.""
+""The object of the first part of my invention is to produce a button which, while presenting more or less the appearance of a button as at present manufactured, shall nevertheless retain its lustre in the presence of those chemicals which have hitherto caused the surface to become tarnished and spotted as before stated.""",GB189307189A,1
+"""It is the passing the said currents between and through the layers which constitutes the in proved process of manufacture, and this may also be carried out on a perforated or otherwise constructed malting floor by blowing air through the same for the purpose of refrigerating the malt or treating it with other fluid, whereby it is purposed to effect the growing in warm weather or beyond the limit of the usual malting season.""
+
+""At the feet of the cages, and immediately beneath the openings s and u, u, are openings permitting a current from the furnace chamber through these gratings, and the strata or portions of malt lying immediately thereon into the chamber over the drying floor, and containing the cages instead of through the flues h, hx, and the cages themselves, the object being to dry the said strata or portions which by their position are excluded from the general drying current.""",GB186601559A,0
+"The object of my invention is to construct a battery for open circuit work which shall be compact in form, permanently and hermetically closed or soaled and perfectly portable and which by the enormous surface of depolarizing material will be capable of doing more work than batteries of the kind heretofore used. My object is to obtain an indestructible connection between the carbon rod and platinum wire, which will last longer than the battery, whereas in the araangements hitherto employed the battery lasts longer than the carbon connection.",GB188803995A,1
+"This invention has reference to improvements in connection with portable tables for use particularly as supports for writing or reading, the object being to produce a table or support which can be placed upon the knee of the user and when so placed be capable of being used as a portable writing desk when travelling in a train or in a vessel, or when sitting or reclining in a chair, couch, or the like. My invention is also applicable to tables or stands for use by invalids or others, supporting objects where a flat surface is required.",GB189917320A,0
+"My Invention has for its object Improvements in Gas Kilns for bending and firing stained and other glass by which greater uniformity of heat is obtained over large sheets of glass and the cooling of the kiln after the glass has been burnt is far more gradual and regular and the glass is thus more thoroughly annealed and much less liable to break than is the case in kilns as now constructed.
+My invention has for its object improvements in Gas kilns for bending and firing stained and other glass by which greater uniformity of heat is obtained over large sheets of glass and the cooling of the kiln after the glass has been burnt is far more gradual and regular and the glass is thus more thoroughly annealed and much less liable to break than is the case in kilns as now constructed.",GB188408208A,1
+"The present invention relates to a measuring staff, which is capable of being used as a walking stick and intended to facilitate its carriage by the person making use of it, and to obviate the necessity of carrying a special walking stick. A ring f. which is put on the broad outward turned sides of the outside staff parts over additional pieces g which converge upward, is intended to prevent the staff piece from bending outwards when placed on end.",GB189905526A,0
+"The metal may be thus treated either if it is to be afterwards introduced into the ""Bessemer"" converter, or if the intention is simply to remove impurities from the iron, and improve its quality for foundry purposes, or again if the metal is to be converted into wrought iron or used otherwise.",GB186200088A,1
+"""As the result of numerous chemical and other investigations I have devised the following method of preserving which commends itself chiefly because by only requiring the smallest amount of salt or other preservatives, the tissues are left almost unaltered.""",GB188703284A,0
+"This invention relates to a new or improved holder or stand for reels of cotton, scissors, pins, buttons, and other similar articles, the object of the said invention being to provide a compact revolving holder for the aforementioned articles, for use by dressmakers and others, so as to obviate the inconvenience caused by the mis-laying of any of the said articles.",GB189107255A,0
+"My invention consists of an adaptor and connector for effecting the rapid construction and erecting of iron buildings, walls, and fences and for providing a ready and secure attachment for joists of floors, tie rods, wind ties or any constructional part of a building and particularly where vertical weight or pressure on tensile strain exists; also for fixing sheet iron, wood or other material thereto, to form the outer or inner shell or covering of the wall, roof, partition and the like of a building or for making walls and fences.",GB189510649A,0
+"""Our invention relates to an improved apparatus for drying hanks of yarn or thread and it consists essentially of mechanism for keeping the hank or banks under constant tension during the drying operation in such manner that the gradual lengthening of the hank, due to the decrease in the amount of moisture it contains, will be taken up during its travel through the machine. Usually in drying hanks of yarn or thread of any description, the tension exerted on the hank is due, for the most part, to the weight of a reel or roller placed at the lower end of the hank but it has been found impracticable to employ a reel or roller of sufficient weight to keep the yarn perfectly straight and prevent snarls and kinking which in some classes of yarn is very apt to occur and if not prevented greatly depreciates its value.""",GB189513232A,1
+"Now the object of my invention is to effect improvements in apparatus of the description above referred to. On either side of the tube I place a fuse wire, which on melting may be made to establish a connection between the poles of the primary circuit, with the object of short circuiting them, and thus causing the main fuse, or cut-out, on the primary circuit to melt. In another arrangement the fuse wire on the secondary circuit, between the tube containing the rarefied gases, and the earth, or between the tube and the secondary coil, may be dispensed with, and a magnetic device substituted therefor, with the same object, vict. of opening the primary circuit direct, or by short-circuiting the poles, causing the cutout protecting it to melt.",GB188802772A,0
+"By this improved arrangement the effecting of repairs is greatly facilitated in cases of accidents at the stations, the main ladder being generally the part that gives way or becomes injured; thus by providing a duplicate main ladder at the station the defective ladder may there be readily removed and replaced by the duplicate, thereby obviating any loss of valuable time which would otherwise occur if the entire escape had to be removed to the factory.",GB187100479A,0
+"This invention has reference to an improved construction of metallic wheels and pulleys suitable for various purposes, whereby I am enabled to considerably simplify, cheapen and facilitate their manufacture and greatly add to their durability, whilst at the same time obviating the necessity of shrinking on their tyres.",GB189410198A,1
+"The object I have in view is an improvement upon the spindles and bobbins now in use, whereby the spindles are made lighter, diminishing the power required to drive the same, while their speed may be increased; and the bobbins are of less weight, vastly more durable in wear, more convenient in handling, capable of being driven at a much higher speed than heretofore, and retain the yarn more securely upon them, the whole effecting a great saving in spinning yarn.",GB187604748A,1
+"The chief objects of my Invention are to prevent the syphoning out of syphon traps by atmospheric pressure, and to obviate the difficulties occasioned by using a secondary Strap or ventilating sewers.",GB187701354A,0
+"My invention relates to coal and ore mining machines for undercutting or undermining, slotting and excavating, of the class in which a pick or cutting tool is operated by a piston reciprocated in a cylinder by fluid pressure and its objects are, specially, to provide improved facilities for the support and convenient adjustment of the machine when in operation and for rendering the same readily portable, and further to provide simple and effective means for operating the distribution valve governing the movements of the main piston.",GB188500316A,0
+"The washing or elution however of the saccharate of lime with alcohol occupies a considerable amount of time, and involves the use, even in a small factory, of a great number of elutors of large dimensions, which inconveniences it is the object of my said Invention to avoid.",GB187904544A,0
+"My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of braces for trousers, whereby they are rendered more durable and better fitting than the braces in common use.",GB188004713A,1
+"The object of this Invention is to produce a detachable fastening for buttons and similar articles (having either a rigid eye stem or a tuft shank) that will not require an eyelet hole or other opening to be made through the fabric of the apparel to which the same is to be attached, and at the same time will be strong and reliable as a fastening, simple and inexpensive of construction, and can be attached and detached with ready facility.",GB187503385A,1
+"This invention has for its object to improve the construction of steam generators such as are described in the specification of a former patent granted to us, viz. No. 26796 of 1896. The jets of steam also have the effect of disturbing and breaking up any condensed water that may lodge in the cone B when first heating the device, thus ensuring a more rapid generation of steam and a more even utilisation of the heated surface of the lower part of the shell. The object of this coil K, which is composed of piping of considerably smaller bore than the coil C. is to provide a body of cool water to act as a buffer between the feed pump and the highly heated coils around the cone B.",GB189824024A,0
+"This invention has for its object the production of a varying power by means of a mechanical arrangement worked by a governor which closes partly or entirely the inlet of the explosive charge-either valve or slide-before the end of the suction stroke of the piston proportionately to the resistance, which the aforesaid gas or petroleum engine has to overcome.",GB189104862A,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supplying water-closets with water.,GB185902288A,0
+"The object of our invention is to regulate the clock by a compensating device which increases the rapidity of the pendulum or balance wheel beats in proportion as the strength of the spring giving the impulse decreases, and in also enabling the pendulum to automatically regulate and centre itself with relation to the escapement wheel so that its beats will be of even duration although the clock itself may incline a little to one side or the other.",GB189728215A,0
+"This invention relates to improvements connected with gear for fast or slow
+motion at will of an attendant the object being to rapidly alter the speed of the
+running shaft of a lathe, a drilling, a milling or other machine as desired without
+removing the article under operation.",GB189317218A,0
+"Cables of vegetable material require in order to prolong their life,"" to be impregnated with a protecting substance which shall ensure the cohesion or the fibres and shall prevent the cable from absorbing moisture, with the object of preventing its wear and tear by reason of the unravelling and fraying and rotting of the fibres. Now with the object of obviating those drawbacks and of producing a cable which shall be thoroughly impervious and compact without losing any of its sup pleness, and which shall not be heavier when compared with existing tarred cables, we employ resin which we dissolve in a suitable solvent, such as essence or spirit of turpentine.",GB189816186A,1
+"The object of our invention is to permit two half-fronts of different shirts to be ironed simultaneously and laterally, also two shirt cuffs, and by a duplicate arrangement of boards allow of the four half fronts of four shirts being under treatment in the same machine, either for 'ironing' or 'glossing' and with the same or variable pressure against the ironing roll, and each set of boards independently controlled with the great advantage of better ironing than heretofore and a quicker rate of treatment.",GB189902985A,1
+"This invention has for its object to avoid the inconveniences resulting from the infiltration of water, the expansion of the beams by heat, and the setting of the walls.",GB188516096A,0
+My said Invention relates to railway wheels of the kind known as the Handyside wheel and of which modifications are described in the aftermentioned Patent Specifications—namely Handyside 1454 of 1869; Handyside and others 3155 of 1876; and Handyside and myself 137 of 1877. The said Handyside wheel possesses various important practical advantages and the object of my present Invention is to render the wheel practically perfect by modifications overcoming minor defects which have shown themselves after considerable use of the said Handyside wheels.,GB188514437A,0
+"My Invention has for its object the raising of sunken vessels by means of bags distributed in the several chambers and unoccupied parts throughout the vessel, into which bags atmospheric air is forced, whereby they are caused to expand and force out the water from the said chambers and unoccupied parts to such an extent as to diminish the specific gravity of the whole vessel and cause it to rise in the water.",GB187503548A,0
+"The principal object I have had in view in this Invention is to contrive an efficient telegraph to answer all the requirements of steering by men, and at the same time to be applicable to steering by steam power without alteration in the working of the telegraph, and without the intervention of a man between the person at the telegraph wheel and the steam steering engine. The principal object I have had in view in this part of my Invention has been to contrive an efficient telegraph to answer all the requirements of steering by men, and at the same time to be applicable to steering by steam power without alteration in the working of the telegraph, and without the intervention of a man between the person at the telegraph wheel and the steam steering engine.",GB186603321A,0
+The main object of this invention is to provide a collar of cheap and simple construction which may be made adjustable without the employment of straps or other common fastening devices such as at present in use.,GB188713425A,0
+"This invention is designed for the removal of snow, and other obstruction from tramways.",GB189100129A,0
+"The common dificulty with railway gates operated by the cars or locomotives, is, that the high speed imparted to the gate and gate operating mechanism tends to quickly injure and destroy them and render the gate unreliable or useless. To avoid these difficulties I employ weights to operate the gate and I provide mechanism for replacing the weights by power transmitted from a passing locomotive or cars.",GB188412749A,1
+Hitherto such description of lamp has been liable to overflow when tilted to a considerable angle and my present invention has for its object the addition of improvements whereby the oil is fed from the tank to the burner oil well in proportion as it is consumed by the wick and whereby the direct communication is cut off between the tank and the burner oil well thereby preventing the flowing of the oil from the one to the other on the lamp being tilted.,GB189100256A,0
+"This invention relates to an improved fire-lighter, applicable also as a spirit-lamp, and has for object to provide a fire-lighter which shall be indestructible, economical and effective in use, while at the same time it can, when desirable, be employed as a spirit-lamp for boiling kettles or for analogous purposes.",GB189815410A,0
+"The present invention has for its object an improved process for making a support for the sensitive surface of photographic negatives, of such kind that it is opaque to light during the process of exposure to take the picture, whilst for printing from the negative the light can perfectly freely pass through it.",GB189629437A,0
+"The object of my invention is to provide an improved means or apparatus for readily adjusting the weight on the shafts of two wheeled road vehicles, market carts and the like when going up or downhill or when taking up or setting down extra passengers, without the occupants thereof being obliged to move every time the seat or seats are moved backwards or forwards.",GB189405571A,0

quality_improving_classifier_val_split.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+stated_aims,patent_id,quality_improving
+"My invention has reference to cases for electrical batteries or cells which have to be hermetically sealed, and are required to be of small size, and to be strong and of simple construction, and the particular kind of battery or cell case to which my improvements relate is that in which the case is formed of a cylindrical tube of hard india rubber or other insulating material, and is permanently closed at one end and is fitted at the other end with a plug or stopper likewise of insulating material, the two battery elements being carried by the tube and the plug respectively, or both elements being carried by either the tube or the plug, and the said elements having terminals outside the case. My improved cases have been specially invented and designed for use in the stock of a gun, though they may be used for other purposes.",GB188813615A,0
+"Respecting that part of my improvements which relates to roads and ways, one portion consists in better securing the rails of railways. And whereas blocks of stone, commonly known as stone sleepers, were at one time largely used, but have since much gone out of use by reason of the chairs in which the rails were fixed getting loose'; and whereas this was mainly owing to the want of a sufficiently elastic medium between the iron chair and the hard stone block, and also by the insufficient fastening of the spikes, driven into wooden plugs in the stone blocks; my improvement will remedy.these. evils, and the use of stone blocks may be continued with very great advantage, as they form a firm, heavy, and solid foundation, acting as true ballast to the rails, and preventing them from being displaced by the rolling loads, which displacement is common to most timber sleepers, and also to. the light cast iron sleepers lately introduced.",GB185113653A,1
+"The Invention has for its object improvements upon an Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the 18th day of March, 1869, No. 823.",GB187002127A,0
+"This invention relates to railway passenger cars, its object being to improve the construction and arrangement of the same with respect to accommodatious for night and day use, whereby the car may be easily and conveniently arranged as a ""sleeping"" car for night use, and a ""parlor"" or ""chair ""car for day 'use.. A principal object of the invention is to arrange and combine, in a car having the bertb-pocket, and the covers or trap-doors therefor, the parts necessarily pertaining to a convertible car of the above description, (notably the trap-doors, berths, and the berth-elevating and lowering devices,) so that the trap-doors which close and cover the berth-pockets and which are adapted to be swung up into upright positions, will support and carry the sheaves over which intermediate parts of the berth-elevating cables have guiding supports, a part of each cable, under this invention, being attached to the berth, while another part of the cable is attached to the winding-drum which is located at a place suitably removed from, and independent,of, the berth. The object of the invention, furthermore, is to provide means whereby the berth-supporting and operating devices embodying substantially the arrangement and manner of operation above set forth, shall be always reliable and efficient.",GB189521479A,1
+"This invention relates to bases or spikes for poles carrying the netting used in the game of lawn tennis and also to the bases or parts inserted in the ground of standards or posts for wire or bar, fencing and it has for its object whilst providing a stable base or foundation for the post or standard when in position to enable it to be more quickly and easily erected and in the case of tennis poles removed; the base or spike in its latter employment marking the grass less than with ordinary poles and in its employment with fencing standards enabling the post to be made lighter in construction and 'cheaper in cost.",GB188605525A,0
+"This invention has reference to improvements in telephonic apparatus whereby I am enabled to provide a loud talking apparatus of simple construction and such as can be used in positions where it will be exposed to damp air, storms and rough usage without liability of its efficiency being thereby interfered with. This invention has reference to improvements in telephonic apparatus whereby I am enabled to provide a loud talking apparatus of simple construction and such as can be used in positions where it will be exposed to damp air, storms and rough usage without liability of its efficiency being thereby interfered with.",GB189818806A,1
+"The object of this invention is to obviate or remove this objectionable feature in the use of venetian blinds, and to dispense with the employment of cleats, hooks or studs to retain them in position.",GB188810177A,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in utilizing bog stuff or peat when applied for treating metals and certain mineral and alkaline substances.,GB185901120A,0
+The purpose of the present invention is to be able to open and shut both umbrellas and parasols with one hand only.,GB188505338A,0
+"This invention has reference to an improved hat in imitation of a felt hat, and to the process of making the same the objects being to produce a hat which shall be inexpensive durable and of light weight and which shall have the appearance of the ordinary felt hat so commonly worn.",GB189905856A,1
+"This Invention relates to certain improvements in pistons for blowing engines and for other purposes the object being to construct a flexible and tight fitting piston which can be operated efficiently without requiring the extreme accuracy of the interior of the cylinder hitherto indispensable, the same being for the purpose of discharging or measuring the amount of aeriform, gaseous or other fluid received into the casing from time to time.",GB188203890A,0
+"This invention consists of improvements relating to the production of metal
+strips to be employed in the manufacture of buttons, eyelets, and other articles,
+my object being to produce strips of uniform thickness and of good quality at
+small cost from old or disused boiler and other tubes.",GB189910013A,1
+"I, PERCEVAL MOSES PARSONS, of No. 6, Duke Street, Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby further declare that the objects of my Invention for ""Certain Improvements in Railway Carriage Axle Bearings,"" and the advantages I expect to derive from it, are,-
+First, a saving in the cost of the bearings themselves, as my improved bearings can be supplied at a less cost than the metal ones now generally used. Secondly, a saving in the cost of the lubricating material, as I anticipate that a lubricator of a much less expensive nature than the ""Booths' grease,"" now generally used, such as a mixture of soap and water, and other cheap saponaceous and oleaginous mixtures, and in some cases even water alone, may be employed to lubricate my improved bearings. Thirdly, I anticipate an increased durability of the bearings themselves, and a greater freedom from hot axles than is now the case with metal bearings, and less injury to the journals of the axles, if such an occurrence does take place. My object in impregnating the bearings in some cases with aqueous, alkaline, oleaginous, saponaceous, and metallic solutions is to give the bearing a certain amount of lubricating material within itself, to render them less liable to take fire when over-heating takes place, and to increase their hardness and durability.",GB185402330A,1
+"The improvements of this invention are designed to entirely dispense with the wheel-work, the feed motion being obtained by a local battery connected with the apparatus, and the said improvements also serve to print the characters as desired, either in the longitudinal direction of the strip of paper, or in the transverse direction.",GB189215833A,0
+"The manufacture of safety matches must especially be considered as a very
+favourable one because the costs are considerably lower than that for wax
+matches. The burning time of such turf safety matches is comparatively long as
+it amounts to about three minutes for matches of the size of the well known
+Swedish safety matches. The after-glowing, fuming and other bad properties are
+wholly obviated, because the ignition-composition on the tip of the matches does
+not contain phosphorus or any other noxious substances.",GB189218572A,0
+"Again when the ordinary binder which is secured around the body of the wearer
+by means of safety pius, is requred to be tightened, this has to be done by an
+attendant & the object of my invention is to so construct and arrange the binder
+as to enable it to fit the figure and at same time enable it to be tightened by the
+patient as required.",GB189720637A,0
+"The object of my invention is to provide a carriage speaking tube extending from the seat of the carriage to the driver's seat thereof, which may be contracted or telescoped out of the way, leaving no projecting part liable to injury or to affect the neat appearance of the carriage, and which shall be of a simple, cheap and durable construction and convenient to use.",GB188811577A,1
+"My invention has for its object new or improved apparatus for use in degreasing or otherwise cleansing wool and other fibres and which is especially applicable where it is desirable to prevent the escape of fames or vapours rising from the liquid or solvent used.My invention has for its object a new or improved apparatus for use in degreasing or otherwise cleansing wool and other fibres, and which is especially applicable where it is desirable to prevent the escape of fumes or vapours rising from the liquid or solvent used, as in the system embraced in Patent No. 3484 granted to me the 17th Feb. 1894.",GB189407975A,0
+"The object of my invention is to provide an improved pie funnel which allows the steam in all parts of the pie to escape and consequently makes the crust lighter, and likewise to provide on such a funnel a support for the crust to rest upon.",GB189206856A,1
+"This Invention has for its object improvements in corn and seed drills and sowing machines, to facilitate the removal of the cup barrel, to simplify the changing of the gear wheels, and to give a more ready means of slightly varying the speed of revolution of the cup barrel when working on hilly land.",GB187801457A,0
+"The object is to produce a fender which will, in operation, effectually prevent injury to a person struck by it or falling upon it; furthermore, to produce a fender in which the scoop or pick-up portion will be automatically brought into position for use through the agency of the body or obstruction struck; furthermore, to produce a car-fender in which the scoop or pick-up portion will be prevented from lifting by the weight of a contained body; and, finally, to produce a car-fender which will combine great simplicity of construction with high efficiency and durability in use and cheapness of manufacture.",GB189717603A,1
+"In the present case where the main object in view is to keep the temperature of the gas chambers different from that of the air chambers it would be wrong to arrange the valve in the passage between the gas chamber and the gas reversing apparatus for in such case said valve would have to be lowered very much during that period of working during which the waste heat taken from the chambers in order to allow only a little heat to pass into the gas chambers but much heat into the air chambers. On the contrary the valve would have to be fully open during the period in which the hot gases enter the chambers, because hot gases require a great space owing to their expansion under heat.",GB189714408A,0
+"To attain the object of my invention a supplementary dial a of electrically
+insulating material is mounted preferably at the rear of the clockwork.",GB189613975A,0
+"Our invention relates to improvements in coin-freed mechanism, adapted to work living-picture exhibiting devices, or any other mechanism in which a coin is used to cause the delivery of goods, gas, or electricity, or for analogous purposes. Cur invention consists in an improved coin inserting device, and improved means for causing the coin to actuate the mechanism, with a view to preventing fraud.",GB189901572A,0
+"The object of my invention is a machine which will at one operation or passing through the machine print in several colors on one side of sheets, and in one color when required on the other side of the sheet. The object of my invention is a machine which will at one operation or passing through the machine, print in several colors on one side of sheets, and in one or more colors when required on the other side of the sheet.",GB189514926A,0
+"""This Invention relates to improvements in valves and piston rods for compound engines, the object being arranging one slide valve in one steam chest, that the steam from the high pressure cylinder may pass through said valve to the low pressure cylinder at each travel, to be there reused before escaping to the condensor or to the atmosphere. The second object is to dispense with stuffing box or gland in the partition plate which divides the two cylinders.""",GB187900746A,0
+"Now it being of great importance for the purposes of my Invention to obtain cylinders of great strength, I propose to make the cylinders in which the pistons or plungers have to work of a core or skeleton of thin metal, which I may strengthen as much as I may find requisite by incorporating thereupon one or more envelopes of metal; and in order that the superposed envelopes may thoroughly incorporate with the skeleton or thin cylinder, I may make the outer surfaces of the said skeleton cylinder with fine screw threads or corrugations, so that when the metal in its molten state is poured thereupon the V points of the screw threads or the thin edges of the corrugations more readily fuse and unite the whole of the metal into one mass, and more reliably than would be the case if the surfaces had not been so prepared.",GB187802901A,1
+"The purpose is to enable maps engravings plans, magazines and such like to be quickly and easily released without any possibility of their being injured when doing so. This invention has for its object to provide a means by which Postal Tubes Wrappers and the like, containing Engravings, Maps, Plans and the like, to be quickly and easily opened without any possibility of their contents being injured when doing so.",GB189627228A,0
+"The object of this Invention is to provide a simple and efficient heel gripping arrangement for skates, and it is especially designed to supersede the heel screw hitherto employed for securing wooden skates to the boot of the skater.",GB188101501A,0
+This Invention has for its object improvements in extracting silver from lead.,GB186402776A,0
+"This Invention relates to improvements in ball and other valves or cocks for
+measuring regulating and supplying steam water or other fluid under pressure and
+it has for its object the improvement of the construction and action of such valves
+or cocks.",GB188305631A,0
+"My Invention consists in making the hooks and studs of the said fasteners solid to or in one piece with the bands which are fixed around the steel busk or strip, whereby the liability of the hooks and studs becoming loose or detached from the busk or strip is obviated, and great strength and durability in the fasteners obtained.",GB187401385A,1
+"The object of my invention is, firstly, to produce models of countries, or parts of countries, in which the chief natural features of surface, such as mountains, rivers, and coast are shown, the different parts standing out in varying relief according to their natural elevation; and secondly, of a material that will not easily break, and at the same time will be light, and cheap, and durable.",GB189010023A,1
+"The present invention relates to an improvement in the strippers employed in hawking machines for indigo dye vats, by which such strippers continually bear against the rollers, and by having a continuous pressure imparted to them Q11 prevent the piece or cloth from getting between the stripper and the roller, and being consequently damaged, also the effectiveness of such strippers is not affected by any varying thicknesses of cloth which may be passing through the machine, or through the wear and tear of the roller necks.",GB189817558A,1
+"This invention relates to improvements in driving mechanism for propulsion wheels, particularly applicable for velocipedes, in which latter case the invention is designed to advantageously replace the commonly employed chain-gear for uniformly transmitting the motion of the pedal shaft to the driving or propulsion wheel.",GB189514860A,0
+We have for our object simplification and increase of durability in the apparatus connected with retorts in which the material to be submitted to distillation is conveyed through the retort by the action of Screws turning on their axis as described in Walker and Bennetts Specification Nº 33588.,GB188402433A,1
+"The advantages obtained by my said Invention, and the attainment whereof forins the object of the latter, are that a neutral manufactured article is obtained which is almost entirely free from albumenoid substances, whilst it possesses an improved color and appearance and keeps better by reason of the moisture having been all but removed. Another important advantage is that the evaporation is or can be much more rapidly conducted than by the methods previously adopted.",GB187602025A,1
+"This invention relates to means of obtaining metallic nickel from nickel carbonyl in the form of pellets, which are specially suitable in the production of nickel alloys.",GB189801106A,0
+This invention has for its object to secure the clamp ring in a suitable manner so as to prevent it sliding or slipping down and becoming lost.,GB189310862A,0
+"These improvements have been invented with a view to the following results :--First, to increase the speed of the loom without giving such serious shocks to the mechanism, or the threads to be woven, as would break or injure them; and, second, to improve the quality of the fabric woven. It is important that there should be as little resistance as possible to the motion of the shuttle at the time of starting; and with a view to this object looms have been constructed with a lever projecting from what is called the ""protector rod,"" which is connected with the shuttle binders, and at the time the shuttle is thrown this lever is struck by a pin on one of the connecting rods, by which motion is communicated from the cranks to the lay, thus elevating the lever so as to remove the pressure of the springs from the binders at the time the shuttle is thrown. By preventing the operation of the take-up motion becoming effective, until after one, two, or more picks of filling have been put in, I compensate for or fill up the apparent omission of filling, or defect in the fabric above referred to. Seventhly, making the fork of the filling stop motion with moveable tines of any light flexible material such as I have described, fitting to an elastic socket, substantially as described, for the purpose of reducing the weight of the fork and catch-hook lever, and their resistance to the atmosphere, and obviating the necessity of their removal from the loom when the tines are accidentally broken.",GB185300670A,1