doc_id
stringclasses
36 values
sentence
stringlengths
1
1.16k
tokens
sequencelengths
1
308
beginOffset
int32
0
64.3k
endOffset
int32
7
64.8k
AZ_labels
stringclasses
90 values
Measurement_label
stringclasses
3 values
NER_labels
sequence
NER_labels_BILOU
sequencelengths
1
308
relations
sequence
docFileName
stringclasses
36 values
data_split
stringclasses
5 values
category
stringclasses
7 values
steel_08
Also, large θ-carbides and nano-sized precipitates which were initially distributed in the parent matrix are found absent inside the ferrite band, suggesting their dissolution upon plastic deformation; surrounding the WEB is the deformed matrix, where the martensitic microstructure is slightly distorted by plastic strain.
[ "Also", ",", "large", "θ", "-", "carbides", "and", "nano", "-", "sized", "precipitates", "which", "were", "initially", "distributed", "in", "the", "parent", "matrix", "are", "found", "absent", "inside", "the", "ferrite", "band", ",", "suggesting", "their", "dissolution", "upon", "plastic", "deformation", ";", "surrounding", "the", "WEB", "is", "the", "deformed", "matrix", ",", "where", "the", "martensitic", "microstructure", "is", "slightly", "distorted", "by", "plastic", "strain", "." ]
15,672
15,995
['Results', 'Explanation']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "θ-carbides", "nano-sized", "precipitates", "parent matrix", "ferrite", "WEB", "matrix" ], "id": [ 76424, 76433, 76442, 76451, 76469, 76478, 76487 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "SAMPLE", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "12", "27", "38", "91", "133", "218", "238" ], "end": [ "22", "37", "50", "104", "140", "221", "244" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 5 ], [ 7, 9 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 17, 18 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 36, 36 ], [ 40, 40 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "B-FORM", "I-FORM", "L-FORM", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 76442 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 76433 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 7d shows the details of the cellular structure in the ferrite band. dislocations are observed in both cell interiors and cell walls; dislocation clusters can be found as well.
[ "Figure", "7d", "shows", "the", "details", "of", "the", "cellular", "structure", "in", "the", "ferrite", "band", ".", "dislocations", "are", "observed", "in", "both", "cell", "interiors", "and", "cell", "walls", ";", "dislocation", "clusters", "can", "be", "found", "as", "well", "." ]
15,997
16,179
['Results']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "shows", "cellular structure", "ferrite", "band", "clusters" ], "id": [ 76496, 76505, 76514, 76523, 76541 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "MAT", "FORM", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "10", "35", "61", "69", "152" ], "end": [ "15", "53", "68", "73", "160" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 2 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 26, 26 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 76496, 76496, 76514 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 76505, 76514, 76523 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "hasForm" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 7. Cont.
[ "Figure", "7", ".", "Cont", "." ]
16,185
16,200
['Caption']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 7. FIB/TEM characterisation on a WEB. (a) TEM lamella containing a WEB prepared by FIB. (b–d) TEM images of the WEB at different magnifications.
[ "Figure", "7", ".", "FIB", "/", "TEM", "characterisation", "on", "a", "WEB", ".", "(", "a", ")", "TEM", "lamella", "containing", "a", "WEB", "prepared", "by", "FIB", ".", "(", "b–d", ")", "TEM", "images", "of", "the", "WEB", "at", "different", "magnifications", "." ]
16,208
16,359
['Results', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Caption']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Figure", "FIB", "TEM", "WEB", "TEM lamella", "TEM", "WEB", "TEM images", "TEM", "WEB", "magnifications" ], "id": [ 76631, 76559, 76568, 76577, 76586, 76595, 76613, 76622, 76640, 76649, 76658 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "TECHNIQUE", "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "TECHNIQUE", "SAMPLE", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "0", "10", "14", "40", "49", "49", "74", "101", "101", "119", "136" ], "end": [ "6", "13", "17", "43", "60", "52", "77", "111", "104", "122", "150" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 3, 3 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 18, 18 ], [ 26, 27 ], [ 26, 26 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 33, 33 ] ] }
[ "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-SAMPLE+U-TECHNIQUE", "L-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY+U-TECHNIQUE", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 76631, 76559, 76631, 76631, 76631, 76631, 76631, 76631, 76631, 76631 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 76559, 76568, 76577, 76595, 76586, 76613, 76640, 76622, 76649, 76658 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usesTechnique", "conditionSampleFeatures", "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionProperty" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
4. Discussion
[ "4", ".", "Discussion" ]
16,362
16,375
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
4.1. Webs without Dark Etching Region Formation
[ "4.1", ".", "Webs", "without", "Dark", "Etching", "Region", "Formation" ]
16,378
16,425
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The evolution of WEBs in 100Cr6 bearing steel undergoing RCF is systematically investigated in this research.
[ "The", "evolution", "of", "WEBs", "in", "100Cr6", "bearing", "steel", "undergoing", "RCF", "is", "systematically", "investigated", "in", "this", "research", "." ]
16,428
16,537
['Motivation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "WEBs", "100Cr6", "bearing steel", "RCF", "is systematically investigated" ], "id": [ 76667, 76676, 76685, 76694, 76703 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MAT", "MAT", "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "17", "25", "32", "57", "61" ], "end": [ "21", "31", "45", "60", "91" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 3 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 10, 12 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "U-MAT", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 76703, 76703, 76676, 76703 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 76667, 76676, 76685, 76694 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usedAs", "usesTechnique" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Contrary to the previous understanding that WEBs are formed on the top of fully developed dark etching regions (DERs) [3–5,20,21], the WEBs observed in all the three samples in this research are formed in the absence of DERs.
[ "Contrary", "to", "the", "previous", "understanding", "that", "WEBs", "are", "formed", "on", "the", "top", "of", "fully", "developed", "dark", "etching", "regions", "(", "DERs", ")", "[", "3", "–", "5,20,21", "]", ",", "the", "WEBs", "observed", "in", "all", "the", "three", "samples", "in", "this", "research", "are", "formed", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "DERs", "." ]
16,539
16,764
['Background', 'Results', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "[3–5,20,21]" ], "id": [ 76712 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "118" ], "end": [ "129" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 21, 25 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "I-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The reason why DERs were eliminated should be attributed to heat treatment.
[ "The", "reason", "why", "DERs", "were", "eliminated", "should", "be", "attributed", "to", "heat", "treatment", "." ]
16,766
16,841
['Explanation']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Compared to the previous reports on DER formation in 100Cr6, the material studied in this research was tempered at a higher temperature (220◦C vs. 160◦C) and for a longer time (240 min vs. 60–90 min); the severer tempering leads to more mature precipitates and consequently poorer coherence between the precipitates and the matrix [22].
[ "Compared", "to", "the", "previous", "reports", "on", "DER", "formation", "in", "100Cr6", ",", "the", "material", "studied", "in", "this", "research", "was", "tempered", "at", "a", "higher", "temperature", "(", "220", "◦", "C", "vs", ".", "160", "◦", "C", ")", "and", "for", "a", "longer", "time", "(", "240", "min", "vs", ".", "60", "–", "90", "min", ")", ";", "the", "severer", "tempering", "leads", "to", "more", "mature", "precipitates", "and", "consequently", "poorer", "coherence", "between", "the", "precipitates", "and", "the", "matrix", "[", "22", "]", "." ]
16,843
17,180
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "100Cr6", "220◦C", "220", "◦C", "160◦C", "160", "◦C", "240 min", "240", "min", "60–90 min", "60–90", "60", "90", "min", "matrix", "[22]" ], "id": [ 76721, 76730, 76739, 76748, 76757, 76766, 76775, 76784, 76793, 76802, 76811, 76820, 76829, 76838, 76847, 76856, 76865 ], "value": [ "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT", "FORM", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "53", "137", "137", "140", "148", "148", "151", "178", "178", "182", "190", "190", "190", "193", "196", "325", "332" ], "end": [ "59", "142", "140", "142", "153", "151", "153", "185", "181", "185", "199", "195", "192", "195", "199", "331", "336" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 9, 9 ], [ 24, 26 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 25, 26 ], [ 29, 31 ], [ 29, 29 ], [ 30, 31 ], [ 39, 40 ], [ 39, 39 ], [ 40, 40 ], [ 43, 46 ], [ 43, 45 ], [ 43, 43 ], [ 45, 45 ], [ 46, 46 ], [ 66, 66 ], [ 67, 69 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 76721 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 76856 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
A recent study [23] shows that DER formation is caused by the continuous growth of pre-existing precipitates, which is triggered by the dislocation-assisted carbon migration mechanism; therefore in this case such carbon migration might be blocked by the poorly bonded precipitate/matrix interface.
[ "A", "recent", "study", "[", "23", "]", "shows", "that", "DER", "formation", "is", "caused", "by", "the", "continuous", "growth", "of", "pre", "-", "existing", "precipitates", ",", "which", "is", "triggered", "by", "the", "dislocation", "-", "assisted", "carbon", "migration", "mechanism", ";", "therefore", "in", "this", "case", "such", "carbon", "migration", "might", "be", "blocked", "by", "the", "poorly", "bonded", "precipitate", "/", "matrix", "interface", "." ]
17,182
17,479
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "[23]", "carbon", "carbon", "precipitate/matrix", "precipitate", "matrix" ], "id": [ 76874, 76883, 76892, 76901, 76910, 76919 ], "value": [ "CITE", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "15", "157", "213", "268", "268", "280" ], "end": [ "19", "163", "219", "286", "279", "286" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 5 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 39, 39 ], [ 48, 50 ], [ 48, 48 ], [ 50, 50 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT+U-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT+U-MAT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Nonetheless, the hardness of the matrix may be a key factor in terms of WEB appearance.
[ "Nonetheless", ",", "the", "hardness", "of", "the", "matrix", "may", "be", "a", "key", "factor", "in", "terms", "of", "WEB", "appearance", "." ]
17,481
17,568
['Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "matrix" ], "id": [ 76928 ], "value": [ "FORM" ], "begin": [ "33" ], "end": [ "39" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 6, 6 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Due to the fact that DERs soften the martensitic matrix, in the reported 100Cr6 samples containing DERs the matrix hardness can drop from initially 820 HV to as low as 650 HV [5], and WEBs are frequently found nucleated on the top of fully developed DERs.
[ "Due", "to", "the", "fact", "that", "DERs", "soften", "the", "martensitic", "matrix", ",", "in", "the", "reported", "100Cr6", "samples", "containing", "DERs", "the", "matrix", "hardness", "can", "drop", "from", "initially", "820", "HV", "to", "as", "low", "as", "650", "HV", "[", "5", "]", ",", "and", "WEBs", "are", "frequently", "found", "nucleated", "on", "the", "top", "of", "fully", "developed", "DERs", "." ]
17,570
17,825
['Background', 'Results', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "martensitic", "matrix", "100Cr6", "matrix", "820 HV", "820", "HV", "650 HV", "650", "HV", "[5]", "WEBs" ], "id": [ 76937, 76946, 76955, 76964, 76973, 76982, 76991, 77000, 77009, 77018, 77027, 77036 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "MAT", "FORM", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "CITE", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "37", "49", "73", "108", "148", "148", "152", "168", "168", "172", "175", "184" ], "end": [ "48", "55", "79", "114", "154", "151", "154", "174", "171", "174", "178", "188" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 8, 8 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 25, 26 ], [ 25, 25 ], [ 26, 26 ], [ 31, 32 ], [ 31, 31 ], [ 32, 32 ], [ 33, 35 ], [ 38, 38 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 76937, 76937 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 76946, 76964 ], "label": [ "hasForm", "hasForm" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Whereas in this research, the initial hardness of the steel after heat treatment was about 720 HV, and WEBs were nucleated directly in the matrix, although slight work hardening occurred prior to their formation.
[ "Whereas", "in", "this", "research", ",", "the", "initial", "hardness", "of", "the", "steel", "after", "heat", "treatment", "was", "about", "720", "HV", ",", "and", "WEBs", "were", "nucleated", "directly", "in", "the", "matrix", ",", "although", "slight", "work", "hardening", "occurred", "prior", "to", "their", "formation", "." ]
17,827
18,039
['Results']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "initial hardness", "steel", "was", "720 HV", "720", "HV", "WEBs", "matrix" ], "id": [ 77045, 77054, 77063, 77072, 77081, 77090, 77099, 77117 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "SAMPLE", "FORM" ], "begin": [ "30", "54", "81", "91", "91", "95", "103", "139" ], "end": [ "46", "59", "84", "97", "94", "97", "107", "145" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 6, 7 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 16, 17 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 26, 26 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77063, 77063, 77063, 77045, 77054 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77072, 77045, 77054, 77072, 77117 ], "label": [ "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "propertyValue", "hasForm" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Hence a reasonable speculation is that there exists a threshold hardness of around 720 HV below which WEBs can be formed, and that as long as this threshold hardness is achieved, either by DER formation or by heat treatment, WEB formation becomes feasible.
[ "Hence", "a", "reasonable", "speculation", "is", "that", "there", "exists", "a", "threshold", "hardness", "of", "around", "720", "HV", "below", "which", "WEBs", "can", "be", "formed", ",", "and", "that", "as", "long", "as", "this", "threshold", "hardness", "is", "achieved", ",", "either", "by", "DER", "formation", "or", "by", "heat", "treatment", ",", "WEB", "formation", "becomes", "feasible", "." ]
18,041
18,297
['Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "720 HV", "720", "HV", "WEBs", "WEB" ], "id": [ 77126, 77135, 77144, 77153, 77162 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "83", "83", "87", "102", "225" ], "end": [ "89", "86", "89", "106", "228" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 13, 14 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 42, 42 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
4.2. Stress Analysis
[ "4.2", ".", "Stress", "Analysis" ]
18,300
18,320
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
As generally accepted, WEB appearance is associated with subsurface shearing, although the responsible shear stress component requires further analysis.
[ "As", "generally", "accepted", ",", "WEB", "appearance", "is", "associated", "with", "subsurface", "shearing", ",", "although", "the", "responsible", "shear", "stress", "component", "requires", "further", "analysis", "." ]
18,323
18,475
['Background', 'Results']
O
{ "text": [ "WEB" ], "id": [ 77171 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "23" ], "end": [ "26" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 4, 4 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
In Figure 8a, the centre of the contact ellipse is defined as the original point (O); the rolling direction is defined as y axis; and the depth direction is defined as z axis.
[ "In", "Figure", "8a", ",", "the", "centre", "of", "the", "contact", "ellipse", "is", "defined", "as", "the", "original", "point", "(", "O", ")", ";", "the", "rolling", "direction", "is", "defined", "as", "y", "axis", ";", "and", "the", "depth", "direction", "is", "defined", "as", "z", "axis", "." ]
18,477
18,652
['Experiment']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Hence the interested plane in terms of WEB formation is the yz plane.
[ "Hence", "the", "interested", "plane", "in", "terms", "of", "WEB", "formation", "is", "the", "yz", "plane", "." ]
18,654
18,723
['Experiment']
O
{ "text": [ "WEB" ], "id": [ 77180 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "39" ], "end": [ "42" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 7, 7 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The stress state under rolling contact-fatigue can be calculated by Hertzian elastic contact theory [7].
[ "The", "stress", "state", "under", "rolling", "contact", "-", "fatigue", "can", "be", "calculated", "by", "Hertzian", "elastic", "contact", "theory", "[", "7", "]", "." ]
18,725
18,829
['Background', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Background_PriorWork']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "stress state", "can be calculated", "Hertzian elastic contact theory", "[7]" ], "id": [ 77189, 77198, 77207, 77216 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "4", "47", "68", "100" ], "end": [ "16", "64", "99", "103" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 8, 10 ], [ 12, 15 ], [ 16, 18 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77198, 77198 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77189, 77207 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 8c presents the evolution trends of the orthogonal shear stress (τyz) and the maximum shear stress (τmax) along the z direction, both of which peak at the subsurface.
[ "Figure", "8c", "presents", "the", "evolution", "trends", "of", "the", "orthogonal", "shear", "stress", "(", "τyz", ")", "and", "the", "maximum", "shear", "stress", "(", "τmax", ")", "along", "the", "z", "direction", ",", "both", "of", "which", "peak", "at", "the", "subsurface", "." ]
18,831
19,004
['Results']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "presents", "orthogonal shear stress (τyz)", "maximum shear stress (τmax)" ], "id": [ 77225, 77234, 77243 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "10", "47", "85" ], "end": [ "18", "76", "112" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 2 ], [ 8, 13 ], [ 16, 21 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77225, 77225 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77234, 77243 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "measuresProperty" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 8d,e present the
[ "Figure", "8d", ",", "e", "present", "the" ]
19,006
19,029
['Results']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "present" ], "id": [ 77252 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "12" ], "end": [ "19" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 4, 4 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
2-dimensional distributions of these shear stress components in the yz plane.
[ "2", "-", "dimensional", "distributions", "of", "these", "shear", "stress", "components", "in", "the", "yz", "plane", "." ]
19,031
19,108
['Results']
O
{ "text": [ "shear stress components", "yz plane" ], "id": [ 77261, 77270 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "37", "68" ], "end": [ "60", "76" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 6, 8 ], [ 11, 12 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
It should be noted that at a certain depth the peak values of τyz occur on the two sides of the z axis, with the same magnitude but the opposite directions.
[ "It", "should", "be", "noted", "that", "at", "a", "certain", "depth", "the", "peak", "values", "of", "τyz", "occur", "on", "the", "two", "sides", "of", "the", "z", "axis", ",", "with", "the", "same", "magnitude", "but", "the", "opposite", "directions", "." ]
19,110
19,266
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Whereas τmax exhibits a symmetric distribution with respect to the z axis with the maximum occurring along the z axis.
[ "Whereas", "τmax", "exhibits", "a", "symmetric", "distribution", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "z", "axis", "with", "the", "maximum", "occurring", "along", "the", "z", "axis", "." ]
19,268
19,386
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 8.Stress analysis for WEB formation.(a) Schematic of rolling contact defining the coordinate system.(b) Schematic of a plate-like WEB.(c) Orthogonal and maximum shear stress components along the centre line of rolling contact.(d) Distribution of orthogonal shear stress in yz plane.(e) Distribution of maximum shear stress in yz plane.
[ "Figure", "8", ".", "Stress", "analysis", "for", "WEB", "formation", ".", "(", "a", ")", "Schematic", "of", "rolling", "contact", "defining", "the", "coordinate", "system", ".", "(", "b", ")", "Schematic", "of", "a", "plate", "-", "like", "WEB", ".", "(", "c", ")", "Orthogonal", "and", "maximum", "shear", "stress", "components", "along", "the", "centre", "line", "of", "rolling", "contact", ".", "(", "d", ")", "Distribution", "of", "orthogonal", "shear", "stress", "in", "yz", "plane", ".", "(", "e", ")", "Distribution", "of", "maximum", "shear", "stress", "in", "yz", "plane", "." ]
19,392
19,734
['Results', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Caption']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Figure", ".Stress analysis", "WEB formation", "WEB", "rolling contact", "plate-like", "WEB", "Orthogonal and maximum shear stress", "centre line", "rolling contact", "Distribution of orthogonal shear stress", "yz plane", "Distribution of maximum shear stress", "yz plane" ], "id": [ 77450, 77297, 77315, 77324, 77342, 77360, 77369, 77378, 77396, 77405, 77414, 77432, 77441, 77459 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "SAMPLE", "TECHNIQUE", "FORM", "SAMPLE", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "0", "8", "29", "29", "60", "126", "137", "145", "202", "217", "237", "280", "293", "333" ], "end": [ "6", "24", "42", "32", "75", "136", "140", "180", "213", "232", "276", "288", "329", "341" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 2, 4 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 27, 29 ], [ 30, 30 ], [ 35, 39 ], [ 43, 44 ], [ 46, 47 ], [ 52, 56 ], [ 58, 59 ], [ 64, 68 ], [ 70, 71 ] ] }
[ "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "B-PROPERTY+U-SAMPLE", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-FORM", "I-FORM", "L-FORM", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77450, 77450, 77450, 77369, 77450, 77450, 77450, 77450, 77450, 77450, 77450, 77450 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77297, 77315, 77342, 77360, 77369, 77378, 77396, 77405, 77414, 77432, 77441, 77459 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique", "hasForm", "conditionSampleFeatures", "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "usesTechnique", "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Comparing Figure 8c with Figure 3a–c, it is interesting to find that at the subsurface the work hardening region agrees with the τyz profile and the WEB formation region agrees with the τmax profile.
[ "Comparing", "Figure", "8c", "with", "Figure", "3a–c", ",", "it", "is", "interesting", "to", "find", "that", "at", "the", "subsurface", "the", "work", "hardening", "region", "agrees", "with", "the", "τyz", "profile", "and", "the", "WEB", "formation", "region", "agrees", "with", "the", "τmax", "profile", "." ]
19,736
19,935
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Moreover, the broadening of the WEB formation region, i.e., the shift of the upper and lower boundaries, with increasing number of cycles follows the τmax profile, as shown in Figure 9a.
[ "Moreover", ",", "the", "broadening", "of", "the", "WEB", "formation", "region", ",", "i.e", ".", ",", "the", "shift", "of", "the", "upper", "and", "lower", "boundaries", ",", "with", "increasing", "number", "of", "cycles", "follows", "the", "τmax", "profile", ",", "as", "shown", "in", "Figure", "9a", "." ]
19,937
20,123
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Each pair of boundaries points to a critical stress level for WEB nucleation under a given number of cycles.
[ "Each", "pair", "of", "boundaries", "points", "to", "a", "critical", "stress", "level", "for", "WEB", "nucleation", "under", "a", "given", "number", "of", "cycles", "." ]
20,125
20,233
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "WEB" ], "id": [ 77495 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "62" ], "end": [ "65" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 11, 11 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Nonetheless, the WEB formation cannot be broadened unlimitedly.
[ "Nonetheless", ",", "the", "WEB", "formation", "cannot", "be", "broadened", "unlimitedly", "." ]
20,235
20,298
['Results']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "WEB" ], "id": [ 77504 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "17" ], "end": [ "20" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 3 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
As WEB formation is a manifestation of plastic deformation, the broadening of WEB formation region should stop at where
[ "As", "WEB", "formation", "is", "a", "manifestation", "of", "plastic", "deformation", ",", "the", "broadening", "of", "WEB", "formation", "region", "should", "stop", "at", "where" ]
20,300
20,419
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "WEB", "WEB" ], "id": [ 77522, 77531 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "3", "78" ], "end": [ "6", "81" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 13, 13 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
the applied shear stress equals the yield shear strength (τY) of the material, which was measured by tensile test to be 0.74 GPa [6].
[ "the", "applied", "shear", "stress", "equals", "the", "yield", "shear", "strength", "(", "τY", ")", "of", "the", "material", ",", "which", "was", "measured", "by", "tensile", "test", "to", "be", "0.74", "GPa", "[", "6", "]", "." ]
20,421
20,554
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork', 'Explanation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "yield shear strength (τY)", "was measured", "tensile test", "0.74 GPa", "0.74", "GPa", "[6]" ], "id": [ 77540, 77549, 77558, 77567, 77576, 77585, 77594 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "36", "85", "101", "120", "120", "125", "129" ], "end": [ "61", "97", "113", "128", "124", "128", "132" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 6, 11 ], [ 17, 18 ], [ 20, 21 ], [ 24, 25 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 25, 25 ], [ 26, 28 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77549, 77549, 77549, 77540 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77567, 77540, 77558, 77567 ], "label": [ "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique", "propertyValue" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
According to Fu et al. [6], the development of WEBs can be theoretically predicted by the following two equations: dlLC dN (CθV−CbV)= ∆γ b [ 3 (π 2 )13 ( AD kT ˙N )23 C b V ] , (1) λC 0 V = l LC = lLCC θ V +(λ−lLC)C b V, (2) where lLC denotes the thickness of lenticular carbides, N denotes the number of stress cycles, Cθ V and Cb V denote the carbon concentrations in a lenticular carbide and its adjacent ferrite band, respectively, ∆γ denotes the local plastic shear strain per stress cycle, b denotes the magnitude of Burgers vector, A denotes the interaction energy between a carbon atom and a dislocation strain field, D denotes the diffusion coefficient of carbon atoms in body-centred cubic iron, k denotes the Boltzmann constant, T denotes temperature and ˙N denotes rotational speed, λ denotes the width of a fully developed WEB, and C0 V denotes the overall carbon concentration of the steel.
[ "According", "to", "Fu", "et", "al", ".", "[", "6", "]", ",", "the", "development", "of", "WEBs", "can", "be", "theoretically", "predicted", "by", "the", "following", "two", "equations", ":", "dlLC", "dN", "(", "CθV", "−", "CbV", ")", "=", "∆", "γ", "b", "[", "3", "(", "π", "2", ")", "13", "(", "AD", "kT", "˙", "N", ")", "23", "C", "b", "V", "]", ",", "(", "1", ")", "λC", "0", "V", "=", "l", "LC", "=", "lLCC", "θ", "V", "+", "(", "λ", "−", "lLC", ")", "C", "b", "V", ",", "(", "2", ")", "where", "lLC", "denotes", "the", "thickness", "of", "lenticular", "carbides", ",", "N", "denotes", "the", "number", "of", "stress", "cycles", ",", "Cθ", "V", "and", "Cb", "V", "denote", "the", "carbon", "concentrations", "in", "a", "lenticular", "carbide", "and", "its", "adjacent", "ferrite", "band", ",", "respectively", ",", "∆", "γ", "denotes", "the", "local", "plastic", "shear", "strain", "per", "stress", "cycle", ",", "b", "denotes", "the", "magnitude", "of", "Burgers", "vector", ",", "A", "denotes", "the", "interaction", "energy", "between", "a", "carbon", "atom", "and", "a", "dislocation", "strain", "field", ",", "D", "denotes", "the", "diffusion", "coefficient", "of", "carbon", "atoms", "in", "body", "-", "centred", "cubic", "iron", ",", "k", "denotes", "the", "Boltzmann", "constant", ",", "T", "denotes", "temperature", "and", "˙", "N", "denotes", "rotational", "speed", ",", "λ", "denotes", "the", "width", "of", "a", "fully", "developed", "WEB", ",", "and", "C0", "V", "denotes", "the", "overall", "carbon", "concentration", "of", "the", "steel", "." ]
20,556
21,467
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "[6]", "WEBs", "lenticular", "carbides", "carbon", "lenticular", "carbide", "ferrite", "carbon", "carbon", "iron", "carbon", "steel" ], "id": [ 77603, 77612, 77621, 77630, 77639, 77648, 77657, 77666, 77675, 77684, 77693, 77702, 77711 ], "value": [ "CITE", "SAMPLE", "FORM", "MAT", "MAT", "FORM", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "23", "47", "264", "275", "351", "378", "389", "414", "588", "671", "706", "877", "905" ], "end": [ "26", "51", "274", "283", "357", "388", "396", "421", "594", "677", "710", "883", "910" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 6, 8 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 86, 86 ], [ 87, 87 ], [ 104, 104 ], [ 108, 108 ], [ 109, 109 ], [ 113, 113 ], [ 145, 145 ], [ 159, 159 ], [ 166, 166 ], [ 200, 200 ], [ 204, 204 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77630, 77657 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77621, 77648 ], "label": [ "hasForm", "hasForm" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Equation (1) describes the carbon flux equilibrium during LC precipitation process and Equation (2) describes the mass conservation of carbon.
[ "Equation", "(", "1", ")", "describes", "the", "carbon", "flux", "equilibrium", "during", "LC", "precipitation", "process", "and", "Equation", "(", "2", ")", "describes", "the", "mass", "conservation", "of", "carbon", "." ]
21,469
21,611
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "carbon", "carbon" ], "id": [ 77720, 77729 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "27", "135" ], "end": [ "33", "141" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 6, 6 ], [ 23, 23 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The values of the constants are listed in Table 2.
[ "The", "values", "of", "the", "constants", "are", "listed", "in", "Table", "2", "." ]
21,613
21,663
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The model introduces a term WEB% to account for the extent of WEB growth.
[ "The", "model", "introduces", "a", "term", "WEB", "%", "to", "account", "for", "the", "extent", "of", "WEB", "growth", "." ]
21,665
21,738
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "WEB" ], "id": [ 77738 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "62" ], "end": [ "65" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 13, 13 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Based on the model, Figure 9b presents the calculated growth curves for the WEBs located at the boundaries of the WEB formation regions in the three samples, all ending at 6–7%.
[ "Based", "on", "the", "model", ",", "Figure", "9b", "presents", "the", "calculated", "growth", "curves", "for", "the", "WEBs", "located", "at", "the", "boundaries", "of", "the", "WEB", "formation", "regions", "in", "the", "three", "samples", ",", "all", "ending", "at", "6", "–", "7", "%", "." ]
21,740
21,917
['Results']
O
{ "text": [ "WEBs", "6–7%", "6–7", "6", "7", "%" ], "id": [ 77747, 77756, 77765, 77774, 77783, 77792 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "VALUE", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "76", "172", "172", "172", "174", "175" ], "end": [ "80", "176", "175", "173", "175", "176" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 14, 14 ], [ 32, 35 ], [ 32, 34 ], [ 32, 32 ], [ 34, 34 ], [ 35, 35 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
These completion points agree with the experimental observations and the agreement between the three samples further justifies the relationship between the magnitude of applied stress and the number of stress cycles required for WEB appearance as described by the proposed model.
[ "These", "completion", "points", "agree", "with", "the", "experimental", "observations", "and", "the", "agreement", "between", "the", "three", "samples", "further", "justifies", "the", "relationship", "between", "the", "magnitude", "of", "applied", "stress", "and", "the", "number", "of", "stress", "cycles", "required", "for", "WEB", "appearance", "as", "described", "by", "the", "proposed", "model", "." ]
21,919
22,198
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [ "WEB" ], "id": [ 77801 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "229" ], "end": [ "232" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 33, 33 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 9.WEB appearance analysis.(a) Critical stress for WEB appearance in the samples indexed by the boundaries of WEB formation region.(b) Calculated development extent of WEBs located at the boundaries of WEB formation region.
[ "Figure", "9", ".", "WEB", "appearance", "analysis", ".", "(", "a", ")", "Critical", "stress", "for", "WEB", "appearance", "in", "the", "samples", "indexed", "by", "the", "boundaries", "of", "WEB", "formation", "region", ".", "(", "b", ")", "Calculated", "development", "extent", "of", "WEBs", "located", "at", "the", "boundaries", "of", "WEB", "formation", "region", "." ]
22,205
22,434
['Results', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Caption']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Figure", "WEB appearance analysis", "WEB appearance", "Critical stress", "WEB appearance", "WEB", "WEB", "WEBs", "WEB" ], "id": [ 77846, 77810, 77819, 77837, 77855, 77864, 77873, 77882, 77891 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "0", "9", "9", "37", "57", "57", "116", "174", "208" ], "end": [ "6", "32", "23", "52", "71", "60", "119", "178", "211" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 3, 5 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 13, 14 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 23, 23 ], [ 34, 34 ], [ 40, 40 ] ] }
[ "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE+B-PROPERTY", "I-TECHNIQUE+L-PROPERTY", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY+U-SAMPLE", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77846, 77846, 77846, 77846 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77819, 77810, 77837, 77855 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique", "conditionProperty", "measuresProperty" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
4.3.Plastic Strain Analysis
[ "4.3", ".", "Plastic", "Strain", "Analysis" ]
22,437
22,464
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The OM results indicate that WEBs exhibit a plate-shape in three dimensions, as schematically shown in Figure 8b.
[ "The", "OM", "results", "indicate", "that", "WEBs", "exhibit", "a", "plate", "-", "shape", "in", "three", "dimensions", ",", "as", "schematically", "shown", "in", "Figure", "8b", "." ]
22,467
22,580
['Results']
O
{ "text": [ "WEBs" ], "id": [ 77900 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "29" ], "end": [ "33" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 5 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
After the saturation of work hardening, the formation of localised WEBs seems to be the sole means to accommodate the accumulated plastic strain introduced by cyclic loading.
[ "After", "the", "saturation", "of", "work", "hardening", ",", "the", "formation", "of", "localised", "WEBs", "seems", "to", "be", "the", "sole", "means", "to", "accommodate", "the", "accumulated", "plastic", "strain", "introduced", "by", "cyclic", "loading", "." ]
22,582
22,756
['Results', 'Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "WEBs" ], "id": [ 77909 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "67" ], "end": [ "71" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 11, 11 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Therefore, the magnitude of global accumulated plastic strain can be estimated through the volume fraction of WEBs in the volume of interest.
[ "Therefore", ",", "the", "magnitude", "of", "global", "accumulated", "plastic", "strain", "can", "be", "estimated", "through", "the", "volume", "fraction", "of", "WEBs", "in", "the", "volume", "of", "interest", "." ]
22,758
22,899
['Explanation']
O
{ "text": [ "WEBs" ], "id": [ 77918 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "110" ], "end": [ "114" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 17, 17 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Considering the stress-affected region under the testing stress level with the depth range being approximately 100–677 µm and combining the statistical data presented in Figure 4, the estimated volume fractions of WEBs in the stress-affected region of the three samples are 0.11%, 0.7% and 1.35% respectively.
[ "Considering", "the", "stress", "-", "affected", "region", "under", "the", "testing", "stress", "level", "with", "the", "depth", "range", "being", "approximately", "100", "–", "677", "µm", "and", "combining", "the", "statistical", "data", "presented", "in", "Figure", "4", ",", "the", "estimated", "volume", "fractions", "of", "WEBs", "in", "the", "stress", "-", "affected", "region", "of", "the", "three", "samples", "are", "0.11", "%", ",", "0.7", "%", "and", "1.35", "%", "respectively", "." ]
22,901
23,210
['Results']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "stress-affected region", "depth range", "100–677 µm", "100–677", "100", "677", "µm", "presented", "estimated volume fractions of WEBs", "0.11%", "0.11", "%", "0.7%", "0.7", "%", "1.35%", "1.35", "%" ], "id": [ 77927, 77936, 77945, 77954, 77963, 77972, 77981, 77990, 77999, 78008, 78017, 78026, 78035, 78044, 78053, 78062, 78071, 78080 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "16", "79", "111", "111", "111", "115", "119", "157", "184", "274", "274", "278", "281", "281", "284", "290", "290", "294" ], "end": [ "38", "90", "121", "118", "114", "118", "121", "166", "218", "279", "278", "279", "285", "284", "285", "295", "294", "295" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 5 ], [ 13, 14 ], [ 17, 20 ], [ 17, 19 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 26, 26 ], [ 32, 36 ], [ 48, 49 ], [ 48, 48 ], [ 49, 49 ], [ 51, 52 ], [ 51, 51 ], [ 52, 52 ], [ 54, 55 ], [ 54, 54 ], [ 55, 55 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "B-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE", "I-SAMPLE", "L-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 77990, 77990, 77990, 77936, 77990, 77990, 77990, 77990, 77999, 77999, 77999 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 77927, 77945, 77936, 77945, 78008, 78035, 78062, 77999, 78008, 78035, 78062 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "propertyValue", "propertyValue", "propertyValue" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The TEM results suggest that the accumulated plastic deformation is undertaken by dislocation cell formation in ferrite bands.
[ "The", "TEM", "results", "suggest", "that", "the", "accumulated", "plastic", "deformation", "is", "undertaken", "by", "dislocation", "cell", "formation", "in", "ferrite", "bands", "." ]
23,212
23,338
['Results', 'Explanation']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "ferrite" ], "id": [ 78098 ], "value": [ "MAT" ], "begin": [ "112" ], "end": [ "119" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 16, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
By inputting the material constants listed in Table 2 and the RCF testing conditions, κ is calculated to be 13.1217.
[ "By", "inputting", "the", "material", "constants", "listed", "in", "Table", "2", "and", "the", "RCF", "testing", "conditions", ",", "κ", "is", "calculated", "to", "be", "13.1217", "." ]
23,703
23,819
['Results', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "κ", "is calculated to be", "13.1217", "13.1217" ], "id": [ 78134, 78143, 78161, 78152 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "NUM", "VALUE" ], "begin": [ "86", "88", "108", "108" ], "end": [ "87", "107", "115", "115" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 15, 15 ], [ 16, 19 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 20, 20 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "U-NUM+U-VALUE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78143, 78143, 78134 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78152, 78134, 78152 ], "label": [ "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Given the average dislocation cell size in ferrite bands to be 174 nm, the dislocation density in ferrite bands (ρb) is estimated to be 5.69×1015 m−2.
[ "Given", "the", "average", "dislocation", "cell", "size", "in", "ferrite", "bands", "to", "be", "174", "nm", ",", "the", "dislocation", "density", "in", "ferrite", "bands", "(", "ρb", ")", "is", "estimated", "to", "be", "5.69", "×", "1015", "m", "−", "2", "." ]
23,821
23,971
['Results']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "average dislocation cell size", "ferrite", "bands", "174 nm", "174", "nm", "dislocation density", "ferrite", "bands", "is estimated to be", "5.69×1015 m−2", "5.69×1015", "5.69", "1015", "m−2" ], "id": [ 78170, 78179, 78188, 78197, 78206, 78215, 78224, 78233, 78242, 78251, 78260, 78269, 78278, 78287, 78296 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MAT", "FORM", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "MAT", "FORM", "MEASUREMENT", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "10", "43", "51", "63", "63", "67", "75", "98", "106", "117", "136", "136", "136", "141", "146" ], "end": [ "39", "50", "56", "69", "66", "69", "94", "105", "111", "135", "149", "145", "140", "145", "149" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 2, 5 ], [ 7, 7 ], [ 8, 8 ], [ 11, 12 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 15, 16 ], [ 18, 18 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 23, 26 ], [ 27, 32 ], [ 27, 29 ], [ 27, 27 ], [ 29, 29 ], [ 30, 32 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "B-VALUE+B-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78251, 78251, 78251, 78179, 78170, 78251, 78251, 78251, 78233, 78224 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78197, 78170, 78179, 78188, 78197, 78260, 78224, 78233, 78242, 78260 ], "label": [ "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "hasForm", "propertyValue", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "hasForm", "propertyValue" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The values of these constants are listed in Table 2
[ "The", "values", "of", "these", "constants", "are", "listed", "in", "Table", "2" ]
24,218
24,269
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Using Equation (4), the plastic strain occurring in ferrite bands that leads to the dislocation density increase from ρY to ρb is estimated to be 1.38.
[ "Using", "Equation", "(", "4", ")", ",", "the", "plastic", "strain", "occurring", "in", "ferrite", "bands", "that", "leads", "to", "the", "dislocation", "density", "increase", "from", "ρY", "to", "ρb", "is", "estimated", "to", "be", "1.38", "." ]
24,600
24,751
['Results']
O
{ "text": [ "ferrite", "bands", "ρb", "1.38", "1.38" ], "id": [ 78368, 78377, 78386, 78404, 78395 ], "value": [ "MAT", "FORM", "PROPERTY", "NUM", "VALUE" ], "begin": [ "52", "60", "124", "146", "146" ], "end": [ "59", "65", "126", "150", "150" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 23, 23 ], [ 28, 28 ], [ 28, 28 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-NUM+U-VALUE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78368, 78386 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78377, 78395 ], "label": [ "hasForm", "propertyValue" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Hence the evolution of accumulated plastic shear strain (γa) in the stress-affected region with respect to the number of stress cycles is plotted in Figure 10.
[ "Hence", "the", "evolution", "of", "accumulated", "plastic", "shear", "strain", "(", "γa", ")", "in", "the", "stress", "-", "affected", "region", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "number", "of", "stress", "cycles", "is", "plotted", "in", "Figure", "10", "." ]
24,753
24,912
['Results']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The estimation of accumulated local plastic strain combining with the Hertzian stress analysis can be further incorporated into professional multiscale failure modelling frameworks such as coarse-grained (CG) model [26] and extended finite element methods (XFEM) [27] to enhance their accuracy.
[ "The", "estimation", "of", "accumulated", "local", "plastic", "strain", "combining", "with", "the", "Hertzian", "stress", "analysis", "can", "be", "further", "incorporated", "into", "professional", "multiscale", "failure", "modelling", "frameworks", "such", "as", "coarse", "-", "grained", "(", "CG", ")", "model", "[", "26", "]", "and", "extended", "finite", "element", "methods", "(", "XFEM", ")", "[", "27", "]", "to", "enhance", "their", "accuracy", "." ]
24,914
25,208
['Background', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Background_PriorWork']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "accumulated local plastic strain", "Hertzian stress analysis", "can be further incorporated", "multiscale failure modelling frameworks", "coarse-grained (CG) model", "[26]", "extended finite element methods (XFEM)", "[27]" ], "id": [ 78413, 78422, 78431, 78440, 78449, 78458, 78467, 78476 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "TECHNIQUE", "CITE", "TECHNIQUE", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "18", "70", "95", "141", "189", "215", "224", "263" ], "end": [ "50", "94", "122", "180", "214", "219", "262", "267" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 6 ], [ 10, 12 ], [ 13, 16 ], [ 19, 22 ], [ 25, 31 ], [ 32, 34 ], [ 36, 42 ], [ 43, 45 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78431, 78431, 78431, 78431, 78431, 78431 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78413, 78422, 78449, 78458, 78467, 78476 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique", "takenFrom", "usesTechnique", "takenFrom" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Figure 10.Evolution of accumulated plastic strain as a result of WEB formation with respect to the number of cycles.
[ "Figure", "10", ".", "Evolution", "of", "accumulated", "plastic", "strain", "as", "a", "result", "of", "WEB", "formation", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "number", "of", "cycles", "." ]
25,210
25,326
['Results', 'Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Caption']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Figure", "accumulated plastic strain", "WEB formatio", "number of cycles" ], "id": [ 78485, 78494, 78503, 78512 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "0", "23", "65", "99" ], "end": [ "6", "49", "77", "115" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 0 ], [ 5, 7 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 18, 20 ] ] }
[ "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78485, 78485, 78485 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78494, 78503, 78512 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "conditionProperty" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Table 2.Values of the material constants used for calculation.
[ "Table", "2", ".", "Values", "of", "the", "material", "constants", "used", "for", "calculation", "." ]
25,331
25,393
['Exp_Preparation', 'Experiment', 'Caption']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
5.Conclusions
[ "5", ".", "Conclusions" ]
25,398
25,411
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The evolution of WEBs in rolling contact-fatigued 100Cr6 bearing steel was systematically investigated.
[ "The", "evolution", "of", "WEBs", "in", "rolling", "contact", "-", "fatigued", "100Cr6", "bearing", "steel", "was", "systematically", "investigated", "." ]
25,414
25,517
['Motivation']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "WEBs", "WEBs", "rolling contact-fatigued", "100Cr6", "bearing steel", "was systematically investigated" ], "id": [ 78530, 78521, 78539, 78548, 78557, 78566 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "PROPERTY", "FORM", "MAT", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "17", "17", "25", "50", "57", "71" ], "end": [ "21", "21", "49", "56", "70", "102" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 3 ], [ 3, 3 ], [ 5, 8 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 12, 14 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE+U-PROPERTY", "O", "B-FORM", "I-FORM", "I-FORM", "L-FORM", "U-MAT", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78566, 78548, 78566, 78548 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78521, 78539, 78548, 78557 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "hasForm", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usedAs" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Full-scale bearing tests suspended at 5×108, 1×109 and 2×109 cycles were conducted to reproduce the microstructural alterations at different stages for comparison.
[ "Full", "-", "scale", "bearing", "tests", "suspended", "at", "5", "×", "108", ",", "1", "×", "109", "and", "2", "×", "109", "cycles", "were", "conducted", "to", "reproduce", "the", "microstructural", "alterations", "at", "different", "stages", "for", "comparison", "." ]
25,519
25,682
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Full-scale bearing tests", "5×108", "5×108", "1×109", "1×109", "109", "2×109", "2×109", "109", "cycles", "were conducted" ], "id": [ 78575, 78593, 78584, 78611, 78602, 78620, 78638, 78629, 78647, 78656, 78665 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "VALUE", "NUM", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "0", "38", "38", "45", "45", "47", "55", "55", "57", "61", "68" ], "end": [ "24", "43", "43", "50", "50", "50", "60", "60", "60", "67", "82" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 4 ], [ 7, 9 ], [ 7, 9 ], [ 11, 13 ], [ 11, 13 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 15, 17 ], [ 15, 17 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 18, 18 ], [ 19, 20 ] ] }
[ "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "L-VALUE+L-NUM", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "L-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "L-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "U-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78665, 78656, 78656, 78656, 78665, 78665, 78665, 78665 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78575, 78593, 78611, 78638, 78593, 78611, 78638, 78656 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "propertyValue", "propertyValue", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The WEBs were studied by multi-scale characterisation along with detailed stress and strain analysis.
[ "The", "WEBs", "were", "studied", "by", "multi", "-", "scale", "characterisation", "along", "with", "detailed", "stress", "and", "strain", "analysis", "." ]
25,684
25,785
['Experiment']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "WEBs", "were studied", "multi-scale characterisation", "stress and strain analysis" ], "id": [ 78674, 78683, 78692, 78701 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "MEASUREMENT", "TECHNIQUE", "TECHNIQUE" ], "begin": [ "4", "9", "25", "74" ], "end": [ "8", "21", "53", "100" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 3 ], [ 5, 8 ], [ 12, 15 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-SAMPLE", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "O", "O", "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78683, 78683, 78683 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78674, 78692, 78701 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "usesTechnique", "usesTechnique" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Several conclusions can be drawn from this research as follows: • In contrary to some previous studies, WEBs in this research are formed in the absence of DERs.
[ "Several", "conclusions", "can", "be", "drawn", "from", "this", "research", "as", "follows", ":", "•", "In", "contrary", "to", "some", "previous", "studies", ",", "WEBs", "in", "this", "research", "are", "formed", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "DERs", "." ]
25,787
25,947
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [ "WEBs" ], "id": [ 78710 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "104" ], "end": [ "108" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 19, 19 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The heat treatment resulting in the precipitates that are poorly bonded to the matrix is believed to be the cause of DER elimination.
[ "The", "heat", "treatment", "resulting", "in", "the", "precipitates", "that", "are", "poorly", "bonded", "to", "the", "matrix", "is", "believed", "to", "be", "the", "cause", "of", "DER", "elimination", "." ]
25,949
26,082
['Conclusion']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "matrix" ], "id": [ 78719 ], "value": [ "FORM" ], "begin": [ "79" ], "end": [ "85" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 13, 13 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
It is proposed that DERs are not formed in 100Cr6 bearing steel with a hardness lower than 720 HV after heat treatment. •
[ "It", "is", "proposed", "that", "DERs", "are", "not", "formed", "in", "100Cr6", "bearing", "steel", "with", "a", "hardness", "lower", "than", "720", "HV", "after", "heat", "treatment", ".", "•" ]
26,084
26,205
['Conclusion']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "are not formed", "100Cr6", "bearing steel", "hardness", "lower than 720 HV", "lower than 720", "720", "HV" ], "id": [ 78737, 78746, 78755, 78764, 78773, 78782, 78791, 78800 ], "value": [ "MEASUREMENT", "MAT", "MAT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "RANGE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "25", "43", "50", "71", "80", "80", "91", "95" ], "end": [ "39", "49", "63", "79", "97", "94", "94", "97" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 7 ], [ 9, 9 ], [ 10, 11 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 15, 18 ], [ 15, 17 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 18, 18 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "U-MAT", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78737, 78746, 78737, 78737, 78764 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78746, 78755, 78773, 78764, 78773 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "usedAs", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "propertyValue" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
OM clearly shows that plate-like WEBs grow in all three dimensions and in number density at the subsurface of rolling contact-fatigued bearing inner ring with increasing number of cycles.
[ "OM", "clearly", "shows", "that", "plate", "-", "like", "WEBs", "grow", "in", "all", "three", "dimensions", "and", "in", "number", "density", "at", "the", "subsurface", "of", "rolling", "contact", "-", "fatigued", "bearing", "inner", "ring", "with", "increasing", "number", "of", "cycles", "." ]
26,207
26,394
['Conclusion']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "WEBs" ], "id": [ 78818 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "33" ], "end": [ "37" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 7, 7 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Micro-indentation results indicate an obvious hardness decrease of approximately 50 HV in the sample run to 2×109 cycles as a consequence of WEB formation.
[ "Micro", "-", "indentation", "results", "indicate", "an", "obvious", "hardness", "decrease", "of", "approximately", "50", "HV", "in", "the", "sample", "run", "to", "2", "×", "109", "cycles", "as", "a", "consequence", "of", "WEB", "formation", "." ]
26,396
26,551
['Conclusion']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Micro-indentation", "indicate", "hardness decrease", "50 HV", "50", "HV", "2×109", "2×109", "109", "cycles", "WEB" ], "id": [ 78827, 78836, 78845, 78854, 78863, 78872, 78890, 78881, 78899, 78908, 78917 ], "value": [ "TECHNIQUE", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "PROPERTY", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "0", "26", "46", "81", "81", "84", "108", "108", "110", "114", "141" ], "end": [ "17", "34", "63", "86", "83", "86", "113", "113", "113", "120", "144" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 0, 2 ], [ 4, 4 ], [ 7, 8 ], [ 11, 12 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 18, 20 ], [ 18, 20 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 26, 26 ] ] }
[ "B-TECHNIQUE", "I-TECHNIQUE", "L-TECHNIQUE", "O", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "L-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78836, 78836, 78836, 78845, 78908, 78836, 78836 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78827, 78854, 78845, 78854, 78890, 78890, 78908 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "propertyValue", "propertyValue", "conditionPropertyValue", "conditionProperty" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
• During RCF, work hardening is controlled by orthogonal shear stress component and reaches a saturation (25–30 HV hardness increase) at the early stage of bearing life; while WEB formation is dominated by maximum shear stress with the WEB formation region being gradually broadened along the depth with increasing number of cycles. •
[ "•", "During", "RCF", ",", "work", "hardening", "is", "controlled", "by", "orthogonal", "shear", "stress", "component", "and", "reaches", "a", "saturation", "(", "25", "–", "30", "HV", "hardness", "increase", ")", "at", "the", "early", "stage", "of", "bearing", "life", ";", "while", "WEB", "formation", "is", "dominated", "by", "maximum", "shear", "stress", "with", "the", "WEB", "formation", "region", "being", "gradually", "broadened", "along", "the", "depth", "with", "increasing", "number", "of", "cycles", ".", "•" ]
26,552
26,886
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [ "25–30 HV", "25–30", "25", "30", "HV", "WEB", "WEB" ], "id": [ 78926, 78935, 78944, 78953, 78962, 78971, 78980 ], "value": [ "VALUE", "RANGE", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT", "SAMPLE", "SAMPLE" ], "begin": [ "106", "106", "106", "109", "112", "176", "236" ], "end": [ "114", "111", "108", "111", "114", "179", "239" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 18, 21 ], [ 18, 20 ], [ 18, 18 ], [ 20, 20 ], [ 21, 21 ], [ 34, 34 ], [ 44, 44 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+B-RANGE+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-RANGE", "I-VALUE+L-RANGE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
A WEB consists of a ferrite band and LCs adjacent to it.
[ "A", "WEB", "consists", "of", "a", "ferrite", "band", "and", "LCs", "adjacent", "to", "it", "." ]
26,887
26,943
['Conclusion']
O
{ "text": [ "WEB", "ferrite", "band", "LCs" ], "id": [ 78989, 78998, 79007, 79016 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "MAT", "FORM", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "2", "20", "28", "37" ], "end": [ "5", "27", "32", "40" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 6, 6 ], [ 8, 8 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-SAMPLE", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 78989, 78998, 78989 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 78998, 79007, 79016 ], "label": [ "usedAs", "hasForm", "usedAs" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
AFM reveals the order of the resistant to Nital etchant of the microstructural features in the steel to be primary θ-carbides'LCs > matrix > ferrite bands, which suggests that carbon improves the etching resistance of the features.
[ "AFM", "reveals", "the", "order", "of", "the", "resistant", "to", "Nital", "etchant", "of", "the", "microstructural", "features", "in", "the", "steel", "to", "be", "primary", "θ", "-", "carbides'LCs", ">", "matrix", ">", "ferrite", "bands", ",", "which", "suggests", "that", "carbon", "improves", "the", "etching", "resistance", "of", "the", "features", "." ]
26,945
27,176
['Conclusion']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "Nital", "steel", "primary θ-carbides", "matrix", "ferrite", "carbon" ], "id": [ 79034, 79043, 79052, 79061, 79070, 79079 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "42", "95", "107", "132", "141", "176" ], "end": [ "47", "100", "125", "138", "148", "182" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 8, 8 ], [ 16, 16 ], [ 19, 21 ], [ 24, 24 ], [ 26, 26 ], [ 32, 32 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "I-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
• TEM shows that ferrite bands contains dislocation cells with their average size to be 174 nm, indicative of plastic deformation.
[ "•", "TEM", "shows", "that", "ferrite", "bands", "contains", "dislocation", "cells", "with", "their", "average", "size", "to", "be", "174", "nm", ",", "indicative", "of", "plastic", "deformation", "." ]
27,177
27,307
['Conclusion']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "ferrite", "174 nm", "174", "nm" ], "id": [ 79097, 79106, 79115, 79124 ], "value": [ "MAT", "VALUE", "NUM", "UNIT" ], "begin": [ "17", "88", "88", "92" ], "end": [ "24", "94", "91", "94" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 4, 4 ], [ 15, 16 ], [ 15, 15 ], [ 16, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-VALUE+U-NUM", "L-VALUE+U-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
• WEBs manifest the accumulated plastic strain induced by RCF.
[ "•", "WEBs", "manifest", "the", "accumulated", "plastic", "strain", "induced", "by", "RCF", "." ]
27,308
27,370
['Conclusion']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "WEBs", "manifest", "plastic strain", "RCF" ], "id": [ 79133, 79142, 79151, 79160 ], "value": [ "SAMPLE", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "TECHNIQUE" ], "begin": [ "2", "7", "32", "58" ], "end": [ "6", "15", "46", "61" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 2, 2 ], [ 5, 6 ], [ 9, 9 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-SAMPLE", "U-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-TECHNIQUE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 79142, 79142, 79142 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 79133, 79151, 79160 ], "label": [ "conditionSampleFeatures", "measuresProperty", "usesTechnique" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Based on the characterisation results, the dislocation density in ferrite bands is theoretically estimated to be 5.69×1015 m−2, and the magnitudes of accumulated plastic strain in the three samples with the increasing number of cycles are estimated to be 0.001518, 0.00966 and 0.01863, respectively.
[ "Based", "on", "the", "characterisation", "results", ",", "the", "dislocation", "density", "in", "ferrite", "bands", "is", "theoretically", "estimated", "to", "be", "5.69", "×", "1015", "m", "−", "2", ",", "and", "the", "magnitudes", "of", "accumulated", "plastic", "strain", "in", "the", "three", "samples", "with", "the", "increasing", "number", "of", "cycles", "are", "estimated", "to", "be", "0.001518", ",", "0.00966", "and", "0.01863", ",", "respectively", "." ]
27,372
27,671
['Conclusion']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "dislocation density", "ferrite", "bands", "estimated to be", "5.69×1015 m−2", "5.69×1015", "5.69", "1015", "m−2", "accumulated plastic strain", "number of cycles", "0.001518", "0.001518", "0.00966", "0.00966", "0.01863", "0.01863" ], "id": [ 79169, 79178, 79187, 79196, 79205, 79214, 79223, 79232, 79241, 79250, 79259, 79277, 79268, 79295, 79286, 79313, 79304 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MAT", "FORM", "MEASUREMENT", "VALUE", "NUM", "NUM", "NUM", "UNIT", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "NUM", "VALUE", "NUM", "VALUE", "NUM", "VALUE" ], "begin": [ "43", "66", "74", "97", "113", "113", "113", "118", "123", "150", "218", "255", "255", "265", "265", "277", "277" ], "end": [ "62", "73", "79", "112", "126", "122", "117", "122", "126", "176", "234", "263", "263", "272", "272", "284", "284" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 7, 8 ], [ 10, 10 ], [ 11, 11 ], [ 14, 16 ], [ 17, 22 ], [ 17, 19 ], [ 17, 17 ], [ 19, 19 ], [ 20, 22 ], [ 28, 30 ], [ 38, 40 ], [ 45, 45 ], [ 45, 45 ], [ 47, 47 ], [ 47, 47 ], [ 49, 49 ], [ 49, 49 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "U-MAT", "U-FORM", "O", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "B-VALUE+B-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+I-NUM", "I-VALUE+L-NUM+U-NUM", "I-VALUE+B-UNIT", "I-VALUE+I-UNIT", "L-VALUE+L-UNIT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-NUM+U-VALUE", "O", "U-NUM+U-VALUE", "O", "U-NUM+U-VALUE", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 79196, 79196, 79196, 79178, 79169, 79196, 79196, 79196, 79196, 79196, 79250, 79250, 79250 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 79205, 79169, 79178, 79187, 79205, 79268, 79286, 79304, 79250, 79259, 79268, 79286, 79304 ], "label": [ "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "hasForm", "propertyValue", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresPropertyValue", "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "propertyValue", "propertyValue", "propertyValue" ] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Author
[ "Author" ]
27,673
27,679
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Methodology, experimental, data analysis, coding and writing–original draft preparation, H.F.; writing–review and editing, conceptualisation and supervision of work, P.E.J.R.-D.-d.-C.
[ "Methodology", ",", "experimental", ",", "data", "analysis", ",", "coding", "and", "writing–original", "draft", "preparation", ",", "H.F", ".", ";", "writing–review", "and", "editing", ",", "conceptualisation", "and", "supervision", "of", "work", ",", "P.E.J.R", ".", "-", "D", ".", "-", "d", ".", "-", "C", "." ]
27,697
27,880
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Funding:
[ "Funding", ":" ]
27,882
27,890
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The Royal Academy of Engineering funded P.E.J.R.-D.-d.-C.
[ "The", "Royal", "Academy", "of", "Engineering", "funded", "P.E.J.R", ".", "-", "D", ".", "-", "d", ".", "-", "C", "." ]
28,033
28,090
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Acknowledgments:
[ "Acknowledgments", ":" ]
28,092
28,108
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The authors are grateful to J.L. for the fruitful discussions.
[ "The", "authors", "are", "grateful", "to", "J.L", ".", "for", "the", "fruitful", "discussions", "." ]
28,111
28,173
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The authors would also like to express gratitudes to J.J.R. for the assistance on AFM operation.
[ "The", "authors", "would", "also", "like", "to", "express", "gratitudes", "to", "J.J.R", ".", "for", "the", "assistance", "on", "AFM", "operation", "." ]
28,175
28,271
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
Conflicts of Interest:
[ "Conflicts", "of", "Interest", ":" ]
28,273
28,295
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
[ "The", "authors", "declare", "no", "conflict", "of", "interest", "." ]
28,298
28,342
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The funder had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript.
[ "The", "funder", "had", "no", "role", "in", "the", "design", "of", "the", "study", ";", "in", "the", "collection", ",", "analyses", ",", "or", "interpretation", "of", "data", ";", "in", "the", "writing", "of", "the", "manuscript", "." ]
28,344
28,484
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_08
The funder approved the publication of the results.
[ "The", "funder", "approved", "the", "publication", "of", "the", "results", "." ]
28,486
28,537
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_08
train3
steel
steel_11
Effect of Pre-Corrosion Pits on Residual Fatigue Life for 42CrMo Steel
[ "Effect", "of", "Pre", "-", "Corrosion", "Pits", "on", "Residual", "Fatigue", "Life", "for", "42CrMo", "Steel" ]
3
73
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [ "42CrMo", "Steel" ], "id": [ 66562, 74883 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "58", "65" ], "end": [ "64", "70" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-MAT" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66562 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 74883 ], "label": [ "hasForm" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Abstract:
[ "Abstract", ":" ]
104
113
['Heading', 'Abstract']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
The effect of pre-corrosion pits on residual fatigue life for the 42CrMo steel (American grade: AISI 4140) is investigated using the accelerated pre-corrosion specimen in the saline environment.
[ "The", "effect", "of", "pre", "-", "corrosion", "pits", "on", "residual", "fatigue", "life", "for", "the", "42CrMo", "steel", "(", "American", "grade", ":", "AISI", "4140", ")", "is", "investigated", "using", "the", "accelerated", "pre", "-", "corrosion", "specimen", "in", "the", "saline", "environment", "." ]
116
310
['Motivation', 'Experiment', 'Abstract']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "pre-corrosion pits", "residual fatigue life", "42CrMo", "steel", "AISI 4140", "is investigated" ], "id": [ 66571, 66580, 66589, 66598, 66607, 66616 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "MAT", "MAT", "MAT", "MEASUREMENT" ], "begin": [ "14", "36", "66", "73", "96", "107" ], "end": [ "32", "57", "72", "78", "105", "122" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 6 ], [ 8, 10 ], [ 13, 13 ], [ 14, 14 ], [ 19, 20 ], [ 22, 23 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66616, 66616, 66616, 66589, 66589 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66571, 66580, 66589, 66598, 66607 ], "label": [ "conditionProperty", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures", "usedAs", "usedAs" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Different pre-corroded times are used for the specimens, and fatigue tests with different loads are then carried out on specimens.
[ "Different", "pre", "-", "corroded", "times", "are", "used", "for", "the", "specimens", ",", "and", "fatigue", "tests", "with", "different", "loads", "are", "then", "carried", "out", "on", "specimens", "." ]
312
442
['Experiment', 'Abstract']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
The pre-corrosion fatigue life is studied, and the fatigue fracture surfaces are examined by a surface profiler and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify the crack nucleation sites and to determine the size and geometry of corrosion pits.
[ "The", "pre", "-", "corrosion", "fatigue", "life", "is", "studied", ",", "and", "the", "fatigue", "fracture", "surfaces", "are", "examined", "by", "a", "surface", "profiler", "and", "a", "scanning", "electron", "microscope", "(", "SEM", ")", "to", "identify", "the", "crack", "nucleation", "sites", "and", "to", "determine", "the", "size", "and", "geometry", "of", "corrosion", "pits", "." ]
444
693
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Abstract']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "pre-corrosion fatigue life", "fatigue fracture surfaces", "are examined", "surface profiler", "scanning electron microscope (SEM)", "crack nucleation sites", "size", "geometry of corrosion pits" ], "id": [ 66625, 66634, 66643, 66652, 66661, 66670, 66679, 66688 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "INSTRUMENT", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "4", "51", "77", "95", "118", "169", "213", "222" ], "end": [ "30", "76", "89", "111", "152", "191", "217", "248" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 5 ], [ 11, 13 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 18, 19 ], [ 22, 27 ], [ 31, 33 ], [ 38, 38 ], [ 40, 43 ] ] }
[ "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66643, 66643, 66643, 66643, 66643, 66643, 66643 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66625, 66634, 66652, 66661, 66670, 66679, 66688 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "conditionInstrument", "conditionInstrument", "measuresProperty", "measuresProperty", "measuresProperty" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Moreover, the stress intensity factor varying with corrosion pits in different size parameters is analyzed based on finite element (FE) software ABAQUS to derive the regression formula of the stress intensity factor.
[ "Moreover", ",", "the", "stress", "intensity", "factor", "varying", "with", "corrosion", "pits", "in", "different", "size", "parameters", "is", "analyzed", "based", "on", "finite", "element", "(", "FE", ")", "software", "ABAQUS", "to", "derive", "the", "regression", "formula", "of", "the", "stress", "intensity", "factor", "." ]
695
911
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Abstract']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "stress intensity factor", "corrosion pits", "size parameters", "is analyzed", "finite element (FE) software ABAQUS" ], "id": [ 66697, 66706, 66715, 66724, 66733 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "INSTRUMENT" ], "begin": [ "14", "51", "79", "95", "116" ], "end": [ "37", "65", "94", "106", "151" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 3, 5 ], [ 8, 9 ], [ 12, 13 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 18, 24 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "B-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "I-INSTRUMENT", "L-INSTRUMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66724, 66724, 66724, 66724 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66697, 66706, 66715, 66733 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "conditionProperty", "conditionInstrument" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Subsequently, by integrating the regression formula with the Paris formula, the residual fatigue life is predicted and compared with experimental results, and the relationship of the stress intensity factor, pit depth, and residual fatigue life are given under different corrosion degrees.
[ "Subsequently", ",", "by", "integrating", "the", "regression", "formula", "with", "the", "Paris", "formula", ",", "the", "residual", "fatigue", "life", "is", "predicted", "and", "compared", "with", "experimental", "results", ",", "and", "the", "relationship", "of", "the", "stress", "intensity", "factor", ",", "pit", "depth", ",", "and", "residual", "fatigue", "life", "are", "given", "under", "different", "corrosion", "degrees", "." ]
913
1,202
['Exp_Characterization', 'Experiment', 'Abstract']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "residual fatigue life", "is predicted", "stress intensity factor", "pit depth" ], "id": [ 66742, 66751, 66760, 66769 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "80", "102", "183", "208" ], "end": [ "101", "114", "206", "217" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 13, 15 ], [ 16, 17 ], [ 29, 31 ], [ 33, 34 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66751, 66751, 66751 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66742, 66760, 66769 ], "label": [ "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "conditionProperty" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
The fatigue life predicted by the coupled formula agrees well with experiment results.
[ "The", "fatigue", "life", "predicted", "by", "the", "coupled", "formula", "agrees", "well", "with", "experiment", "results", "." ]
1,204
1,290
['Results', 'Abstract']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
It is observed from the SEM images that higher stress amplitude and longer pre-corroded time can significantly decrease the residual fatigue life of the steel.
[ "It", "is", "observed", "from", "the", "SEM", "images", "that", "higher", "stress", "amplitude", "and", "longer", "pre", "-", "corroded", "time", "can", "significantly", "decrease", "the", "residual", "fatigue", "life", "of", "the", "steel", "." ]
1,292
1,451
['Conclusion', 'Abstract']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "SEM images", "SEM", "stress amplitude", "pre-corroded time", "can significantly decrease", "residual fatigue life", "steel" ], "id": [ 66778, 66787, 66796, 66805, 66814, 66823, 66832 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "TECHNIQUE", "PROPERTY", "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "24", "24", "47", "75", "93", "124", "153" ], "end": [ "34", "27", "63", "92", "119", "145", "158" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 6 ], [ 5, 5 ], [ 9, 10 ], [ 13, 16 ], [ 17, 19 ], [ 21, 23 ], [ 26, 26 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY+U-TECHNIQUE", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66814, 66814, 66814, 66814, 66814, 66814 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66787, 66778, 66796, 66805, 66823, 66832 ], "label": [ "usesTechnique", "measuresProperty", "conditionProperty", "conditionProperty", "measuresProperty", "conditionSampleFeatures" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Additionally, the research work has brought about the discovery that the rate of crack extension accelerates when the crack length increases.
[ "Additionally", ",", "the", "research", "work", "has", "brought", "about", "the", "discovery", "that", "the", "rate", "of", "crack", "extension", "accelerates", "when", "the", "crack", "length", "increases", "." ]
1,453
1,594
['Conclusion', 'Abstract']
QUAL_MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
The research in this paper also demonstrates that the corrosion pit size can be used as a damage index to assess the residual fatigue life.
[ "The", "research", "in", "this", "paper", "also", "demonstrates", "that", "the", "corrosion", "pit", "size", "can", "be", "used", "as", "a", "damage", "index", "to", "assess", "the", "residual", "fatigue", "life", "." ]
1,596
1,735
['Conclusion', 'Abstract']
MEASUREMENT
{ "text": [ "corrosion pit size", "can be used", "residual fatigue life" ], "id": [ 66850, 66859, 66868 ], "value": [ "PROPERTY", "MEASUREMENT", "PROPERTY" ], "begin": [ "54", "73", "117" ], "end": [ "72", "84", "138" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 9, 11 ], [ 12, 14 ], [ 22, 24 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "B-MEASUREMENT", "I-MEASUREMENT", "L-MEASUREMENT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-PROPERTY", "I-PROPERTY", "L-PROPERTY", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66859, 66859 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66850, 66868 ], "label": [ "conditionProperty", "measuresProperty" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Keywords: pre-corrosion pits; residual fatigue life; 42CrMo steel; stress intensity factor
[ "Keywords", ":", "pre", "-", "corrosion", "pits", ";", "residual", "fatigue", "life", ";", "42CrMo", "steel", ";", "stress", "intensity", "factor" ]
1,737
1,827
['Metadata']
O
{ "text": [ "42CrMo", "steel" ], "id": [ 66877, 66886 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "53", "60" ], "end": [ "59", "65" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66877 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66886 ], "label": [ "usedAs" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
1. Introduction
[ "1", ".", "Introduction" ]
1,830
1,845
['Heading']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Most engineering materials are subject to corrosion, and corrosion research has received much attention from different perspectives [1–7].
[ "Most", "engineering", "materials", "are", "subject", "to", "corrosion", ",", "and", "corrosion", "research", "has", "received", "much", "attention", "from", "different", "perspectives", "[", "1", "–", "7", "]", "." ]
1,848
1,986
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "[1–7]" ], "id": [ 66895 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "132" ], "end": [ "137" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 18, 22 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "I-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
The 42CrMo (American grade: AISI 4140) is a commonly used ultrahigh-strength steel.
[ "The", "42CrMo", "(", "American", "grade", ":", "AISI", "4140", ")", "is", "a", "commonly", "used", "ultrahigh", "-", "strength", "steel", "." ]
1,988
2,071
['Background']
O
{ "text": [ "42CrMo", "AISI 4140", "steel" ], "id": [ 66904, 66913, 66922 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT", "MAT" ], "begin": [ "4", "28", "77" ], "end": [ "10", "37", "82" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 1, 1 ], [ 6, 7 ], [ 16, 16 ] ] }
[ "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66904 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66922 ], "label": [ "usedAs" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Due to its high strength, toughness, and hardenability, 42CrMo steel is widely used in quenched and tempered heavy forgings to build components such as pressure vessels, gears, vehicle axles, and deep oil drilling rod subs [8,9].
[ "Due", "to", "its", "high", "strength", ",", "toughness", ",", "and", "hardenability", ",", "42CrMo", "steel", "is", "widely", "used", "in", "quenched", "and", "tempered", "heavy", "forgings", "to", "build", "components", "such", "as", "pressure", "vessels", ",", "gears", ",", "vehicle", "axles", ",", "and", "deep", "oil", "drilling", "rod", "subs", "[", "8,9", "]", "." ]
2,073
2,302
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "42CrMo", "steel", "[8,9]" ], "id": [ 66931, 66940, 66949 ], "value": [ "MAT", "MAT", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "56", "63", "223" ], "end": [ "62", "68", "228" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 11, 11 ], [ 12, 12 ], [ 41, 43 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [ 66931 ], "ne_id_dep": [ 66940 ], "label": [ "usedAs" ] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
However, their corrosion resistance is relatively poor and this material is prone to corrosion.
[ "However", ",", "their", "corrosion", "resistance", "is", "relatively", "poor", "and", "this", "material", "is", "prone", "to", "corrosion", "." ]
2,304
2,399
['Background']
O
{ "text": [], "id": [], "value": [], "begin": [], "end": [], "tokenIndices": [] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Corrosion pits can weaken the strength of the structure and decrease its fatigue life [10,11], since the fatigue cracks are easy to nucleate at corrosion pits and propagate rapidly under dynamic loads [12].
[ "Corrosion", "pits", "can", "weaken", "the", "strength", "of", "the", "structure", "and", "decrease", "its", "fatigue", "life", "[", "10,11", "]", ",", "since", "the", "fatigue", "cracks", "are", "easy", "to", "nucleate", "at", "corrosion", "pits", "and", "propagate", "rapidly", "under", "dynamic", "loads", "[", "12", "]", "." ]
2,401
2,607
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "[10,11]", "[12]" ], "id": [ 66958, 66967 ], "value": [ "CITE", "CITE" ], "begin": [ "86", "201" ], "end": [ "93", "205" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 14, 16 ], [ 35, 37 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
Thus, to further understand corrosion effects on the strength and residual fatigue life of 42CrMo material, the stress state around corrosion pits should be reasonably estimated.
[ "Thus", ",", "to", "further", "understand", "corrosion", "effects", "on", "the", "strength", "and", "residual", "fatigue", "life", "of", "42CrMo", "material", ",", "the", "stress", "state", "around", "corrosion", "pits", "should", "be", "reasonably", "estimated", "." ]
2,609
2,787
['Motivation']
O
{ "text": [ "42CrMo" ], "id": [ 66976 ], "value": [ "MAT" ], "begin": [ "91" ], "end": [ "97" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 15, 15 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "U-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
In recent years, fatigue performance of pre-corroded metallic alloys has been studied extensively.
[ "In", "recent", "years", ",", "fatigue", "performance", "of", "pre", "-", "corroded", "metallic", "alloys", "has", "been", "studied", "extensively", "." ]
2,789
2,887
['Background']
O
{ "text": [ "metallic alloys" ], "id": [ 75855 ], "value": [ "MAT" ], "begin": [ "53" ], "end": [ "68" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 10, 11 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-MAT", "L-MAT", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel
steel_11
For example, recent works [13–18] have reported the description of the stress concentration arising from corrosion pits based on the finite element (FE) method.
[ "For", "example", ",", "recent", "works", "[", "13", "–", "18", "]", "have", "reported", "the", "description", "of", "the", "stress", "concentration", "arising", "from", "corrosion", "pits", "based", "on", "the", "finite", "element", "(", "FE", ")", "method", "." ]
2,889
3,049
['Background', 'Background_PriorWork']
O
{ "text": [ "[13–18]" ], "id": [ 67003 ], "value": [ "CITE" ], "begin": [ "26" ], "end": [ "33" ], "tokenIndices": [ [ 5, 9 ] ] }
[ "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "B-CITE", "I-CITE", "I-CITE", "I-CITE", "L-CITE", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O", "O" ]
{ "ne_id_gov": [], "ne_id_dep": [], "label": [] }
steel_11
train2
steel